title: Tableau vivant

text: Occasionally, a Mass was punctuated with short dramatic scenes and painting-like . They were a major feature of festivities for royal weddings, coronations and royal entries into cities. Often the actors imitated statues or paintings, much in the manner of modern street entertainers, but in larger groups, and mounted on elaborate temporary stands along the path of the main procession. Johan Huizinga, in "The Autumn of the Middle Ages", describes the use and design of tableaux vivants in the late middle ages. Many paintings and sculptures probably recreate tableaux vivants, by which art historians sometimes account for groups of rather static figures. Artists were often the designers of public pageanty of this sort.


title: Tableau vivant

text: The history of Western visual arts in general, until the modern era, has had a focus on symbolic, arranged presentation, and (aside from direct personal portraiture) was heavily dependent on stationary artists' models in costume – essentially small-scale with the artist as temporary audience. The Realism movement, with more naturalistic depictions, did not begin until the mid-19th century, a direct reaction against Romanticism and its heavy dependence on stylized format.


title: Tableau vivant

text: Before radio, film and television, were popular forms of entertainment, even in American frontier towns. Before the age of color reproduction of images, the was sometimes used to recreate artworks on stage, based on an etching or sketch of a painting. This could be done as an amateur venture in a drawing room, or as a more professionally produced series of presented on a theatre stage, one following another, usually to tell a story without requiring all the usual trappings and production of a full theatre performance. They thus influenced the form taken by later Victorian and Edwardian era magic lantern shows, and perhaps also sequential narrative comic strips (which first appeared in modern form in the late 1890s).


title: Tableau vivant

text: Theatrical censorship in Britain and the United States forbade actresses to move when nude or semi-nude on stage, so had a place in risqué entertainment for many years. In the early 1900s, German dancer Olga Desmond appeared in "Schönheitsabende" ('Evenings of Beauty') in which she posed nude in "living pictures", imitating classical works of art.


title: Tableau vivant

text: In the nineteenth century, took such titles as "Nymphs Bathing" and "Diana the Huntress" and were to be found at such places as the Hall of Rome in Great Windmill Street, London. Other venues were the Coal Hole in the Strand and the Cyder Cellar in Maiden Lane. Nude and semi-nude were also a frequent feature of variety shows in the US: first on Broadway in New York City, then elsewhere in the country. The Ziegfeld Follies featured such from 1917. The Windmill Theatre in London (1932–1964) featured nude on stage; it was the first, and for many years the only, venue for them in 20th-century London.


title: Tableau vivant

text: Jean-François Chevrier was the first to use the term in relation to a form of art photography, which began in the 1970s and 1980s in an essay titled "The Adventures of the Picture Form in the History of Photography" in 1989. The initial translation of this text substitutes the English word "picture" for the French word . However Michael Fried retains the French term when referring to Chevrier's essay, because according to Fried (2008), there is no direct translation into English for in this sense. While "picture" is similar, "... it lacks the connotations of constructedness, of being the product of an intellectual act that the French word carries." (p. 146)


title: Tableau vivant

text: They are designed and produced for the wall. summoning a confrontational experience on the part of the spectator that sharply contrasts with the habitual processes of appropriation and projection whereby photographic images are normally received and "consumed" (p. 116)


title: Tableau vivant

text: By this, Chevrier notes that scale and size is obviously important if the pictures are to "hold the wall". But size has another function; it distances the viewer from the object, requiring one to stand back from the picture to take it all in. This "confrontational" experience, Fried notes, is actually quite a large break from the conventional reception of photography, which up to that point was often consumed in books or magazines.


title: Tableau vivant

text: The photographic has its roots not in the theatrical , but in pictorialist photography, such as that of Alfred Stieglitz, a movement with its roots in Aestheticism, which already made heavy use of the as a non-theatrical visual art style. Pictorialism, according to Jeff Wall could be seen as an attempt by photographers to imitate painting (perhaps unsuccessfully):


title: Tableau vivant

text: Pictorialist photography was dazzled by the spectacle of Western painting and attempted, to some extent, to imitate it in acts of pure composition. Lacking the means to make the surface of its pictures unpredictable and important, the first phase of Pictorialism, Stieglitz's phase, emulated the fine graphic arts, re-invented the beautiful look, set standards for gorgeousness of composition, and faded. (p. 75)


title: Tableau vivant

text: However photography did have the ability to unpredictable and spontaneous. This was achieved by making photographs related to the inherent capabilities of the camera itself. And this, Wall argues, was a direct result of photojournalism, and the mass media and pop culture industries. By divesting itself of the encumbrances and advantages inherited from older art forms, reportage, or the spontaneous fleeting aspect of the photographic image pushes toward a discovery of qualities apparently intrinsic to the medium, qualities that must necessarily distinguish the medium from others and through the self-examination of which it can emerge as a modernist art on a plane with others. (pp. 76–78)


title: Tableau vivant

text: The argument is that, unlike most other art forms, photography can profit from the capture of chance occurrences. Through this process – the snapshot, the "accidental" image – photography invents its own concept of the picture: a hybrid form of the "Western picture" (pictorialist photography) and the spontaneous snapshot. This is the stage whereby Wall argues that photography enters a "modernist dialectic". Wall states that unpredictability is key to modern aesthetics. This new concept of the picture, which Wall proposes, with the compositional aspects of the Western picture combined with the unpredictability that the camera affords through its shutter, can be seen in the work of many contemporary photographic artists including Luc Delahaye, Andreas Gursky, Thomas Struth, Irene Caesar, and Philip-Lorca diCorcia.


title: Tableau vivant

text: The "tableau" as a form still dominates the art photography market. As Fried notes: "Arguably the most decisive development in the rise of the new art photography has been the emergence, starting in the late 1970s and gaining impetus in the 1980s and after, of what the French critic Jean-François Chevrier has called the ""tableau" form" (p. 143).


title: Tableau vivant

text: However, there appears to be only a handful of young, emerging artists working within the "tableau" form. Examples include Florian Maier Aichen, Matthew Porter and Peter Funch. More recently, Canadian artist, Sylvia Grace Borda, has worked since 2013 to continue to stage "tableaux" for the camera within the Google Street View engine. Her work creates 360° immersive "tableau vivant" images for the viewer to explore. Through her efforts to pioneer the "tableaux vivant" for online exploration, she and her collaborator, John M. Lynch, won the Lumen Prize 2016 for Web Arts.


title: Tableau vivant

text: In Pier Paolo Pasolini's 1963 film "La ricotta", a film maker tries to have actors represent two paintings, by Jacopo Pontormo and Rosso Fiorentino, of the Passion of Jesus.


title: Tableau vivant

text: The 1969 film "The Color of Pomegranates", directed by Sergei Parajanov, presents a loose biography of the Armenian poet Sayat Nova in a series of "tableaux vivants" of Armenian costume, embroidery and religious rituals depicting scenes and verses from the poet's life.


title: Tableau vivant

text: The 2013 film, "A Field in England", makes use of the effect to add to the general occult look of the film.


title: Tableau vivant

text: There is a 2014 Estonian feature film produced entirely in "tableau" format titled "In the Crosswind".


title: Anthemius

text: Perhaps the last capable Western Roman Emperor, Anthemius attempted to solve the two primary military challenges facing the remains of the Western Roman Empire: the resurgent Visigoths, under Euric, whose domain straddled the Pyrenees; and the unvanquished Vandals, under Geiseric, in undisputed control of North Africa. Anthemius was killed by Ricimer, his own general of Gothic descent, who contested power with him.


title: Anthemius

text: Procopius Anthemius belonged to a noble family, the Procopii, which gave several high officers, both civil and military, to the Eastern Roman Empire. His mother Lucina was daughter of the influential Flavius Anthemius, Praetorian prefect of the East (404–415) and Consul in 405, and great-granddaughter of Flavius Philippus, praetorian prefect of the East in 346. His father was Procopius, "magister militum per Orientem" from 422 to 424, who was descended from the Procopius who had been a cousin of Emperor Julian and a usurper against the Emperor Valens (365–366).


title: Anthemius

text: Born in Constantinople, he went to Alexandria to study in the school of the Neoplatonic philosopher Proclus; among his fellow students there were Marcellinus ("magister militum" and governor of Illyricum), Pusaeus (Praetorian prefect of the East and consul in 467), Messius Phoebus Severus (consul in 470 and "praefectus urbi"), and Pamprepius (pagan poet).


title: Anthemius

text: In 453, he married Marcia Euphemia, daughter of the Eastern Emperor Marcian (450–457); after the marriage he was elevated to the rank of "comes rei militaris" and sent to the Danubian frontier with the task of rebuilding the border defences, neglected after Attila's death in 453. In 454 he was recalled to Constantinople, where he received the title of "patricius" in 454 or 455 and became one of the two "magistri militum" or "magister utriusque militiae" of the East. In 455 he received the honour of holding the consulate with the Western Emperor Valentinian III as colleague.


title: Anthemius

text: This succession of honourable events – the wedding with Marcian's daughter; a promotion to an important military rank, but with administrative rather than military tasks; the prestigious rank of "patricius" and the highest military position; the consulate held with an Emperor as colleague – suggests that Marcian had selected Anthemius as a possible candidate for the Eastern or Western throne. This hypothesis is further strengthened by the fact that Anthemius' prestige misled the 6th-century historian John Malalas to state that Marcian had actually designated Anthemius as Western Emperor after Avitus.


title: Anthemius

text: Avitus was deposed in October 456; it is probable that Marcian considered Anthemius as successor, but the Eastern Emperor died in January 457 before choosing his colleague. Therefore, both empires had no emperor, and the power was in the hands of the Western generals, Ricimer and Majorian, and of the Eastern "Magister militum", the Alan Aspar. As Aspar could not sit on the throne because of his barbaric origin, he opposed Anthemius whose prestige would have made him independent and chose a low-ranking military officer, Leo; in the West, as his barbaric origin barred Ricimer from the throne, it was Majorian who received the purple.


title: Anthemius

text: Anthemius stayed in service under the new Emperor; as "magister militum", his task was to defend the Empire from the barbaric populations pressing on its border. Around 460, he defeated the Ostrogoths of Valamir in Illyricum. During the winter of 466/467 he defeated a group of Huns, led by Hormidac, who had crossed the frozen Danube and were pillaging Dacia. The raiders had conquered Serdica, and Anthemius besieged the city until the starved Huns decided to accept open battle; despite the treachery of his cavalry commander (a Hun), Anthemius led his infantry to victory, and when Hormidac offered surrender Anthemius asked for the deserter to be given to him.


title: Anthemius

text: The newly elected Eastern Roman emperor, Leo I, had a major foreign affairs problem: the Vandals of King Geiseric and their raids on the Italian coasts. After the death of Libius Severus in 465, the West had no emperor. Gaiseric had his own candidate, Olybrius, who was related to Gaiseric because both Olybrius and a son of Gaiseric's had married the two daughters of Emperor Valentinian III.


title: Anthemius

text: With Olybrius on the throne, Gaiseric would become the real power behind the throne of the Western Empire. Leo, on the other hand, wanted to keep Gaiseric as far as possible from the imperial court at Ravenna, and took time to choose a successor to Severus. To put Leo under pressure, Gaiseric extended his attacks on Sicily and Italy to the territories of the Eastern Empire, sacking and enslaving people living in Illyricum, the Peloponnese and other parts of Greece, so Leo was obliged to take action.


title: Anthemius

text: On 25 March 467, Leo I, with the consent of Ricimer, designated Anthemius Western Emperor as Caesar and sent him to Italy with an army led by the "Magister militum per Illyricum" Marcellinus. On 12 April, Anthemius was proclaimed Emperor at the third or twelfth mile from Rome. Anthemius' election was celebrated in Constantinople with a panegyric by Dioscorus.


title: Anthemius

text: By choosing Anthemius, Leo obtained three results: he sent a possible candidate to the eastern throne far away; he repulsed Gaiseric's attempt to put a puppet of his own on the Western throne; and he put a capable and proven general with a trained army in Italy, ready to fight the Vandals.


title: Anthemius

text: The reign of Anthemius was characterised by a good diplomatic relationship with the Eastern Empire; for example, Anthemius is the last Western Emperor to be recorded in an Eastern law. Both courts collaborated in the choice of the yearly consuls, as each court chose a consul and accepted the other's choice. Anthemius had the honour of holding the consulate "sine collega" (without a colleague) in 468, the first year he started as Emperor, following a similar honour given to Leo in 466. The following year the two consuls were Anthemius' son, Marcianus, and Leo's son-in-law, Zeno (later successor of Leo on the Eastern throne).


title: Anthemius

text: In 470 the consuls were Messius Phoebus Severus, Anthemius' old friend and fellow student at Proclus' school, and the "magister militum per Orientem" Flavius Iordanes. In 471, the year in which Leo held his fourth consulate with the Praetorian prefect of Italy Caelius Aconius Probianus as colleague, the two emperors strengthened their bonds with a marriage between Anthemius' son, Marcianus, and Leo's daughter, Leontia; Marcian was honoured with his second consulate the following year, this time chosen by the Eastern court.


title: Anthemius

text: Anthemius' matrimonial policy also included the marriage of his only daughter, Alypia, and the powerful "Magister militum" Ricimer. The poet Sidonius Apollinaris arrived in Rome on the occasion of the wedding at the end of 467 and described the celebrations in which all social classes were involved; he also hints that Alypia might not have liked her husband, a barbarian.


title: Anthemius

text: The Vandals were the major problem of the Western Empire. In late 467, Anthemius organised a campaign of the western Roman army, probably under the command of Marcellinus, but the result was a failure: the bad weather obliged the Roman fleet to return to its base before completing the operation.


title: Anthemius

text: In 468, Leo, Anthemius and Marcellinus organised a major operation against the Vandal kingdom in Africa. The commander-in-chief of the operation was Leo's brother-in-law Basiliscus (who would become Eastern emperor seven years later). A fleet consisting of upwards of one thousand vessels was collected to transport the combined Eastern-Western-Illyric army, and while most of the expenses were paid for by the Eastern Empire, Anthemius and the Western treasury contributed to the costs. The fleet was defeated in the Battle of Cape Bon, however, with Marcellinus killed at Roman hands in its wake.


title: Anthemius

text: Leo decided to sign a separate peace with Gaiseric. Anthemius lost his allies and, with the imperial treasury almost emptied by the failed operation, renounced taking Africa back. Instead he concentrated on the second problem of his Empire, keeping under his control the Western provinces targeted by Visigothic expansion.


title: Anthemius

text: After the disastrous campaign in Africa, Anthemius turned to the reconquest of Gaul, occupied by Visigoths under the ambitious King Euric who had exploited the weak Roman control caused by political instability. Euric's sphere of influence had also separated some imperial provinces from the rest of the Empire. Even though Arelate and Marseilles in Southern Gaul were still governed by the Western court, Avernia was isolated from the rest of the Empire and governed by Ecdicius, son of Emperor Avitus, while the territory later included in the so-called Domain of Soissons was located further north.


title: Anthemius

text: In 470, Anthemius recruited Britons living in either Britain or Armorica to fight Euric. The Britons, under King Riothamus, were initially successful and occupied Bourges with twelve thousand men. However, when they entered the core of Visigoth territory, trying to conquer Déols, they were outnumbered and defeated by a Visigoth army, and Riothamus was forced to flee to the Burgundians, who were Roman allies.


title: Anthemius

text: Anthemius took the matter into his own hands and decided to attack the Visigoths directly. He collected an army under the nominal leadership of his own son, Anthemiolus, but actually commanded by the generals Torisarius, Everdingus, and Hermianus. Anthemiolus moved from Arelate and crossed the Rhone river, but he was intercepted by Euric, who defeated and killed the Roman generals and pillaged the area.


title: Anthemius

text: While Africa was lost and the control over Western provinces was shaky, Anthemius' power over Italy was threatened by internal opposition; he was of Greek origin, had been chosen by the Eastern Emperor from among members of the Eastern court, and was suspected of being a pagan. According to Damascius, Anthemius and Messius Phoebus Severus had a secret plan to restore the Pagan cults. The murder of Anthemius (by Ricimer) destroyed the hopes of those pagans who believed that the traditional rites would now be restored.


title: Anthemius

text: In order to obtain the support of the senatorial aristocracy, Anthemius conferred the rank of "patricius" on members of the Italian and Gallic governing class. He introduced the practice, common in the East, of appointing even civilians to the patrician rank, and honoured so many members of the aristocracy with this title that it suffered a sort of inflation. Among the new "patricii" there were Italian senators, e.g. Romanus and Messius Phoebus Severus, but against common practice he also appointed Gallic senators and even aristocrats without noteworthy careers, such as Magnus Felix and the Gallic poet Sidonius Apollinaris.


title: Anthemius

text: Sidonius had come to Rome to bring a petition from his people; his contact in the court, the consul Caecina Decius Basilius, suggested that he should compose a panegyric to be performed at the beginning of Anthemius' consulate, on 1 January 468. The Emperor honoured the poet, conferring on him the patrician rank, the high rank of "Caput senatus", and even the office of "Praefectus urbi" of Rome, usually reserved to members of the Italian aristocracy. Sidonius was so influential that he convinced the Emperor to commute the death penalty of Arvandus, the Praetorian prefect of Gaul who had allied himself with the Visigoths.


title: Anthemius

text: The good relationship between the two Roman Emperors was good news in the recent affairs between the two halves of the Roman Empire, and was used in imperial propaganda. Anthemius had his mints (at Mediolanum, Ravenna and Rome) issue "solidi" depicting the two Emperors joining hands in a show of unity.


title: Anthemius

text: Anthemius had restored his court in Rome, and thus this mint became more and more important, overshadowing the other two mints.


title: Anthemius

text: Some coins are in the name of his wife Marcia Euphemia; among these there is a "solidus" depicting two Empresses on the thrones, probably a reference to Alypia's marriage.


title: Anthemius

text: The most important figure at the Western court was Ricimer, the powerful "magister militum", who had already decided the fate of several emperors. The new Emperor, however, had been chosen by the Eastern court, and, despite the bond of the marriage between Ricimer and Anthemius' daughter, Alypia, they were not on good terms. The tipping point of their relationship was the trial of Romanus, an Italian senator and "patricius" supported by Ricimer; Anthemius accused Romanus of treachery and condemned him to death in 470.


title: Anthemius

text: Ricimer had gathered 6,000 men for the war against the Vandals, and after the death of Romanus he moved with his men to the north, leaving Anthemius in Rome. Supporters of the two parties fought several brawls, but Ricimer and the emperor signed a one-year truce after the mediation of Epiphanius, the Bishop of Pavia.


title: Anthemius

text: At the beginning of 472, the struggle between them renewed, and Anthemius was obliged to feign an illness and took refuge in St. Peter's Basilica. The Eastern Roman Emperor, Leo, sent Olybrius to mediate between Ricimer and Anthemius but, according to John Malalas, had sent a secret letter to Anthemius, urging him to kill Olybrius. Ricimer intercepted the letter, showed it to Olybrius, and had him proclaimed Emperor.


title: Anthemius

text: The struggle became an open war. Anthemius, with the aristocracy and the people of the city, faced the Gothic "magister militum" and the barbarian units of the army, which included Odoacer's men. Ricimer blockaded Anthemius in Rome; five months of fighting followed. Ricimer entered the city and succeeded in separating the port on the Tiber from the Palatine, starving the supporters of the Emperor.


title: Anthemius

text: Both sides appealed to the army in Gaul, but the "Magister militum per Gallias", the Burgundian Gundobad, supported his uncle Ricimer. Anthemius elevated Bilimer to the rank of "Rector Galliarum" and had him enter Italy with the loyal army. Bilimer arrived in Rome but died trying to prevent Ricimer entering the centre of the city from the other side of the Tiber, through the Pons Aelius in front of the Mausoleum of Hadrian.


title: Anthemius

text: Losing any hope of external help and pressed by the scarcity of food, Anthemius tried to rally, but his men were defeated and killed in great numbers. The emperor fled for the second time to St. Peter's (or, according to other sources, to Santa Maria in Trastevere), where he was captured and beheaded, either by Gundobad or by Ricimer, on 11 July 472.


title: Anthemius

text: Sources for Anthemius's life are richer than for most fifth century Western Emperors, partly because of his origin in Constantinople, where the tradition of court histories was kept alive, and partly because of the details that can be extracted from a panegyric delivered on 1 January 468 by the Gallo-Roman poet Sidonius Apollinaris.


title: Kettyolaanu Ente Malakha

text: Kettyolaanu Ente Malakha () is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language romantic drama film directed by Nissam Basheer (in his directorial debut), written by Aji Peter Thankam, and produced by Magic Frames. It stars Asif Ali and Veena Nandakumar, with Manohari Joy, Jaffar Idukki, and Basil Joseph in supporting roles. William Francis composed the film's music. The plot follows newly wed Sleevachan and Rincy as they begin their married life.


title: Kettyolaanu Ente Malakha

text: "Kettyolaanu Ente Malakha" was released in theatres on 22 November 2019. The film received positive reviews from critics and was a commercial success at the box office.


title: Kettyolaanu Ente Malakha

text: Sleevachan, a farmer lives with his mother in a village. Despite being over 30 years he has not shown an interest in marriage. Once when he returns home from work, he finds his mother fainted and lying on the kitchen floor. Realising that there should be someone around in the house with his mother while he is away, he decides to get married.


title: Kettyolaanu Ente Malakha

text: He marries Rincy in an arranged marriage. Since Sleevachan has not much socialised with women and stays a virgin, he is nervous to approach Rincy for making love. Rincy is comfortable and supportive when Sleevachan tries to make an advance, but he draws back. Each night, Sleevachan makes excuses to stay away from home. Rincy begins to suspect Sleevachan is deliberately avoiding her and, when asked, he avoids her question.


title: Kettyolaanu Ente Malakha

text: While hanging out with friends, Sleevachan hears them saying that wives have high regards for husbands who has shown them good physical potential during sex. On that night, a drunk Sleevachan performs nonconsensual sex on a sleeping Rincy. Rincy is hospitalized with injury. Sleevachan returns to his senses and understands his mistake. Rincy is heartbroken and tells Sleevachan that she does not want to continue their marriage and asks him to take her back to her home.


title: Kettyolaanu Ente Malakha

text: In the following days, Sleevachan tries to rectify and reconcile by going out of his way to help Rincy. She, however keeps quiet and discourages him. On the night they part away, Rincy tells she forgives Sleevachan and they decide to remain as a couple, and have sex that night. The credits roll by showing the clips of their honeymoon.


title: Kettyolaanu Ente Malakha

text: Lyrics are written by B. K. Harinarayanan and Vinayak Sasikumar, all music is composed by William Francis.


title: Kettyolaanu Ente Malakha

text: The film released on 22 November 2019 across 132 screens in Kerala, to highly positive reviews from the critics as well as the audience. It got the theatre release in Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain and UAE on 5 December 2019. It was screened at 51st International Film Festival of India in January 2021 in Indian Panorama section.


title: Kettyolaanu Ente Malakha

text: Anna Mathews of "The Times of India" rated the film with 3 stars out of 5, and said that "there are no tense, twisty moments. It's a simple story, nicely acted by even the supporting cast, and actually feels quite pleasant to watch an uncomplicated love story that makes you tear up and smile at the end". She praised the performances of Asif Ali, Veena Nandakumar and the rest. Baradwaj Rangan of "Film Companion" wrote that "this could be a fascinating case study of how "arrogance" on screen (like in "Arjun Reddy") makes it less easy for us to fully embrace a character, while innocence and humility make us sympathise more readily".


title: Kettyolaanu Ente Malakha

text: The film received positive reviews from the critics and became commercial success. The film collected ₹21.08 lakhs from 6 weeks in the United States box office.


title: Shelley Malil

text: Shelley Mathew Malil (; born December 23, 1964) is an Indian actor. Malil emigrated to the United States in 1974. He appeared in a number of television shows and films, including "The 40-Year-Old Virgin" (2005).


title: Shelley Malil

text: In 2010, Malil was convicted of attempted premeditated murder and assault with a deadly weapon on a former girlfriend, and served 8 years of a 12 year to life term at Ironwood State Prison in southern California.


title: Shelley Malil

text: Malil was born in Kerala, India. He emigrated with his family in 1974 to the United States at the age of 9. He started acting in high school. As a child, he had hoped to become a comedic actor like Bob Hope, whom he had first seen on television. In summer 1983, aged 18, he performed on stage as part of the summer stock company at the Granbury Opera House in Granbury, Texas.


title: Shelley Malil

text: Malil came to Hollywood in 1995, after a two-year stint at New York's American Academy of Dramatic Arts. He had supporting roles in "The 40-Year-Old Virgin" (2005), "Holes" (2003), "Collateral Damage" (2002), "Getting There" (2002), "Boys From Madrid" (2000), "My Favorite Martian" (1999), "Columbus Day" (2008), and "Just Can't Get Enough" (2002). Malil had roles on television shows such as "Scrubs", "Reba", "NYPD Blue", "The West Wing", "The Jamie Foxx Show", and "ER ".


title: Shelley Malil

text: He was selected as one of the "Top 10 Overlooked Performances of 2005" by the Associated Press for his performance in "The 40-Year-Old Virgin". He is the recipient of a Clio Award (for the Budweiser beer commercials) and a Los Angeles Ovation Award as Best Featured Actor for his performance as Bottom in "A Midsummer Night's Dream", and he was nominated for the Los Angeles Ovation Award for his performance in "SubUrbia".


title: Shelley Malil

text: On August 10, 2008, Malil stabbed an ex-girlfriend, Kendra Beebe, 23 times in San Marcos, California. He was arrested the next day as he got off a train in Oceanside, California. Beebe had survived the attack despite a severe cut to her chin, the collapse of both lungs, and the loss of about half the blood in her body.


title: Shelley Malil

text: In September 2010, he was convicted of attempted murder and assault with a deadly weapon. and sentenced to life imprisonment with the possibility of parole after 12 years. He was paroled four years early in September 2018.


title: Radetzky March

text: "Radetzky March", Op. 228, is a march composed by Johann Strauss Sr. and dedicated to Field Marshal Joseph Radetzky von Radetz. First performed on 31 August 1848 in Vienna, it soon became popular among regimented marching soldiers. It has been noted that its tone is more celebratory than martial; Strauss was commissioned to write the piece to commemorate Radetzky's victory at the Battle of Custoza.


title: Radetzky March

text: Strauss had already used the theme in his "Jubel-Quadrille", Op. 130; the upbeat bears a considerable resemblance to the second theme from the Allegro in Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 100 composed in 1794. The rhythmic pattern—three anapaests, one iamb—has since then been popularised by numerous parody versions.


title: Radetzky March

text: For the trio, Strauss used an older folk melody called "Alter Tanz aus Wien" or "Tinerl-Lied" (Tinerl was a contemporary Viennese songstress) which was originally in 3/4 time. When Radetzky came back to Vienna after winning the battle of Custoza (1848), his soldiers were singing the then-popular song. Allegedly Strauss heard this singing and incorporated the melody, converted to 2/4 time, into the "Radetzky March".


title: Radetzky March

text: Along with the "Blue Danube" waltz by Johann Strauss Jr., the piece became an unofficial Austrian national anthem. In 1932 Joseph Roth published his novel "Radetzky March", chronicling the decline and fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Today, the theme is used in numerous promotional jingles and at major sporting events, in particular at football matches of the Austrian national team. Since 1896, the "Radetzky" has been the official presentation march of the Chilean Army's Military School of the Liberator Bernardo O'Higgins and the Paraguayan Army's Marshall Francisco Solano López Military Academy. The 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards of the United Kingdom adopted the "Radetzky March" as its regimental quick march.


title: Radetzky March

text: When it was first played in front of Austrian officers, they spontaneously clapped and stamped their feet when they heard the chorus. This tradition, with quiet rhythmic clapping on the first iteration of the melody, followed by thunderous clapping on the second, is often observed when the march is played in classical music venues in an orchestral version prepared by Leopold Weninger (1879–1940).


title: Radetzky March

text: Since it was first introduced in 1946 by conductor Josef Krips during the New Year's Concert ("Neujahrskonzert") of the Vienna Philharmonic it is always played as a jubilant encore. It was announced in 2019 by the Vienna Philharmonic board of directors that a new version would be used that would replace the Weninger arrangement in an attempt to "de-Nazify" the march. The new arrangement was first performed at the New Year's Concert in 2020.


title: MR.DIY

text: MR.DIY, legally MR D.I.Y. Group (M) Berhad, is a Malaysia-based home improvement retailer. It is a part of MR D.I.Y. Group (M) Berhad, and provides home improvement products for do-it-yourself projects through online and offline stores. As of April 2021, Creador-backed MR. DIY Group owns and operates over 1000 stores in Malaysia.


title: MR.DIY

text: It operates over 2,251 stores in 10 Asian and European markets, including Malaysia, Thailand, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines, India, Cambodia, Turkey, and Spain.


title: MR.DIY

text: MR. DIY was started as a consumer hardware store in Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in July 2005. The company then expanded to open stores in Aeon shopping mall in 2009, Tesco Setia Alam in Selangor in 2010, Giant Shopping Outlet and Borneo Hypermall in 2014, Palm Square Commercial Centre in 2017.


title: MR.DIY

text: In November 2021, MR. DIY opened its doors in Europe in Turkey in Meydan Istanbul Mall. Also, In January 2022, they opened up a store in Talavera de la Reina, Spain and a second store was opened in Madrid. As of October 2022, there are 24 stores in Turkey and 12 stores in Spain.


title: MR.DIY

text: The company, headquartered in Selangor, Malaysia has other subsidiaries that includes MR.TOY and . Including its subsidiaries, the company operates 900 stores in the country as of December 2021. The company began e-commerce operations in 2018 through its online store and on Shops. To manage the e-commerce warehouse, MR.DIY installed 23 robots in their warehouse.


title: MR.DIY

text: MR.DIY was publicly listed on the Bursa Malaysia (MYX) in October 2020. The company reported a cumulative revenue of RM 2.6 billion as of Q4 2020 and was valued at RM 21.4 billion.


title: MR.DIY

text: In April 2021, the company launched a storefront format called MR.DIY Express for rural communities. In January 2022, MR.DIY opened the 800th store at Pavilion Bukit Jalil. In addition, the store also includes a MR. TOY store-within-the-store.


title: MR.DIY

text: In May 2022, the group opened MR.DIY Plus, a mega retail store, MR DIY. Plus at MidValley Megamall. The group also hit 1000 stores in August 2022.


title: MR.DIY

text: MR. DIY was the winner in the Retailer – Home Improvement category at the World Branding Awards in 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021. It also won the Retail Market Leadership Award at the Frost & Sullivan Best Practices Award 2020, 2021 and 2022. MR.DIY was accorded a gold award in Putra Brand Award's Retail Category in 2021.


title: MR.DIY

text: In 2021 and 2022, Deloitte named MR.DIY as one of four recipients at the inaugural “Malaysia’s Best Managed Companies Awards”. MR.DIY also won three awards at the Alpha SEA 11th Institutional Investor Corporate Awards 2021, just one year after listing on Bursa Malaysia.


title: MR.DIY

text: During the COVID-19 outbreak, MR. DIY notably distributed personal protective equipment (PPE) and face masks to COVID-19 hospitals, government clinics, police and public in Malaysia. MR.DIY, together with Majlis Perbandaran Hulu Selangor (MPHS) initiated a massive clean-up of Sungai Kedondong in 2021. MR.DIY also jointly organized the 5th ‘DIY Made Simple 2021’ competition with Universiti Malaya’s Community & Sustainability Centre (UMCares). MR.DIY’s #DIY4UM initiative in 2021 distributed over RM3.6 million across 12,000 undergraduates from Universiti Malaya through Touch and Go e-wallet for their transition back to on-campus learning.


title: MR.DIY

text: Under the #DIY4UTAR initiative, 3,817 students from Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Sungai Long received hygiene kits from MR.DIY. The company supports environmental causes under a separate community outreach programme, called #DIY4Sungai, by cleaning up Sungai Melaka. Over 1,000 kgs of garbage were picked up and disposed of.


title: MR.DIY

text: MR.DIY announced the completion of a two-year contribution worth RM408,288 under its #DIY4ZooNegara initiative, which included funds for the adoption of the three animals; two giraffes and a Malaysian tiger.


title: MR.DIY

text: Under the #DIY4Universiti initiative, MR.DIY distributes 85,000 free test kits to local universities in Peninsular Malaysia.


title: MR.DIY

text: The company notably joined Yayasan Telekom Malaysia and Yayasan Sukarelawan Siswa in Malaysia's largest Gutta Percha Tree Planting project, planting more than 1,000 trees in Taman Botani Putrajaya, in a 24-hour period. The Gutta Percha project is recognised by The Malaysia Book of Records for its effort to plant 5,017 trees across 23 locations in Peninsular Malaysia.


title: MR.DIY

text: MR.DIY also activated a school aid programme called "The Healthy Meals", to primary schools in Selangor. It has already benefited 737 students in five primary schools. MR.DIY joined with the non-government organisation, Soroptimist International Club of Damansara (SID), and went to Kampung Gana in Kota Marudu, Sabah, to distribute everyday essentials to 40 families in the village. MR.DIY contributed RM300,000 to (formerly known as PPUM Patients Welfare Fund), in conjunction with the PPUMCare Run event that was held recently at UM Arena, Universiti Malaya. The Run was organised by Universiti Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) to raise funds to be used to cover the cost of treatment for underprivileged patients.


title: Great White Brotherhood

text: The Great White Brotherhood, in belief systems akin to Theosophy and New Age, are said to be perfected beings of great power who spread spiritual teachings through selected humans. The members of the Brotherhood may be known as the Masters of the Ancient Wisdom, the Ascended Masters, the Church Invisible, or simply as the Hierarchy. The first person to talk about them in the West was Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (Theosophy), after she and other people claimed to have received messages from them. These included Helena Roerich, Aleister Crowley, Alice A. Bailey, Guy Ballard, Geraldine Innocente (The Bridge to Freedom), Elizabeth Clare Prophet, Bob Sanders, and Benjamin Creme.


title: Great White Brotherhood

text: The idea of a secret organization of enlightened mystics, guiding the spiritual development of the human race, was pioneered in the late eighteenth century by Karl von Eckartshausen (1752-1803) in his book "The Cloud upon the Sanctuary"; Eckartshausen called this body of mystics, who remained active after their physical deaths on earth, the "Council of Light". Eckartshausen's proposed communion of living and dead mystics, in turn, drew partially on Christian ideas such as the Communion of the Saints, and partially on previously circulating European ideas about secret societies of enlightened, mystical, or magic adepts typified by the Rosicrucians and the Illuminati.


title: Great White Brotherhood

text: The "Mahatma Letters" began publication in 1881 with information purportedly revealed by "Koot Hoomi" to Alfred Percy Sinnett, and were also influential on the early development of the tradition. Koot Hoomi, through Sinnett, revealed that high-ranking members of mystic organizations in India and Tibet were able to maintain regular telepathic contact with one another, and thus were able to communicate to each other, and also to Sinnett, without the need for either written or oral communications, and in a manner similar to the way that spirit mediums claimed to communicate with the spirits of the dead. The letters published by Sinnett, which proposed the controversial doctrine of reincarnation, were said to have been revealed through this means.


title: Great White Brotherhood

text: Eckartshausen's idea was expanded in the teachings of Helena P. Blavatsky as developed by Charles W. Leadbeater, Alice Bailey and Helena Roerich. Blavatsky, founder of the Theosophical Society, attributed her teachings to just such a body of adepts; in her 1877 book "Isis Unveiled", she called the revealers of her teachings the "Masters of the Hidden Brotherhood" or the "Mahatmas". Blavatsky claimed that she had made physical contact with these adepts' earthly representatives in Tibet; but also, that she continued to receive teachings from them through psychic channels, through her abilities of spirit mediumship.


title: Great White Brotherhood

text: Ideas about this secret council of sages, under several names, were a widely shared feature of late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century esotericism. Arthur Edward Waite, in his 1898 "Book of Black Magic and of Pacts", hinted at the existence of a secret group of initiates who dispense truth and wisdom to the worthy. A young Aleister Crowley, reading this, wrote to Waite and was directed to read von Eckartshausen's book. Crowley's search for this secret wisdom eventually led him to become a neophyte in the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, which represented itself to be the visible and earthly outer order of the Great White Brotherhood. Within the Golden Dawn itself, its teachings claimed to be derived from a similar body of initiates which in that tradition were called the Secret Chiefs.


title: Great White Brotherhood

text: The actual phrase "Great White Brotherhood" was used extensively in Leadbeater's 1925 book "The Masters and the Path". Alice A. Bailey also claimed to have received numerous revelations from the Great White Brotherhood between 1920 and 1949, which are compiled in her books known collectively by her followers as the "Alice A. Bailey Material." Since the introduction of the phrase, the term "Great White Brotherhood" is in some circles used generically to refer to any concept of an enlightened community of adepts, on Earth or in the hereafter, with benevolent aims toward the spiritual development of the human race, and without strict regard to the names used within the tradition. Dion Fortune adopts the name to refer to the community of living and dead adepts.


title: Great White Brotherhood

text: The ritual magicians of the Western mystery tradition sometimes refer to the Great White Brotherhood as the "Great White Lodge", a name that appears to indicate that they imagine it constitutes an initiatory hierarchy similar to Freemasonry. Gareth Knight describes its members as the "Masters" or "Inner Plane Adepti", who have "gained all the experience, and all the wisdom resulting from experience, necessary for their spiritual evolution in the worlds of form." While some go on to "higher evolution in other spheres", others become teaching Masters who stay behind to help younger initiates in their "cyclic evolution on this planet". Only a few of this community are known to the human race; these initiates are the "teaching Masters". The AMORC Rosicrucian order maintains a difference between the "Great White Brotherhood" and the "Great White Lodge", saying that the Great White Brotherhood is the "school or fraternity" of the Great White Lodge, and that "every true student on the Path" aspires to membership in this Brotherhood. Some of Aleister Crowley's remarks appear to indicate that Crowley identified the Great White Brotherhood with the A∴A∴, his magical secret society.


title: Great White Brotherhood

text: Bulgarian Gnostic master Peter Deunov referred to his organization of followers as the Universal White Brotherhood, and it is clear that he too was referring to the Western esoteric community-at-large. When ex-communicated as a heretic on 7 July 1922, he defended the Brotherhood as follows:


title: Great White Brotherhood

text: Similarly, Bulgarian teacher Omraam Mikhaël Aïvanhov (Deunov's principal disciple) formally established Fraternité Blanche Universelle as an "exoteric" esoteric organization still operating today in Switzerland, Canada, the USA, the UK and parts of Scandinavia.


title: Great White Brotherhood

text: The term "Great White Brotherhood" was further developed and popularized in 1934 with the publication of "Unveiled Mysteries" by Guy Ballard's "I AM" Activity. This Brotherhood of "Immortal Saints and Sages" who have gone through the Initiations of the Transfiguration, Resurrection, and the Ascension was further popularized by Ascended Master Teachings developed by The Bridge to Freedom, The Summit Lighthouse and the Church Universal and Triumphant, and The Temple of The Presence.


title: Great White Brotherhood

text: Benjamin Creme has published books — he claims the information within them has been telepathically transmitted to him from the Great White Brotherhood.


title: Great White Brotherhood

text: In 1952, Geraldine Innocente, messenger for "The Bridge to Freedom", delivered this address purported to be from Sanat Kumara describing the founding of the "Great White Brotherhood":


title: Great White Brotherhood

text: Members of The Bridge to Freedom believe that on July 4, 1954 Sanat Kumara stated through Geraldine Innocente:


title: Great White Brotherhood

text: The Great White Brotherhood, also known as Great Brotherhood of Light or the Spiritual Hierarchy of Earth, is perceived as a spiritual organization composed of those Ascended Masters who have risen from the Earth into immortality, but still maintain an active watch over the world. C.W. Leadbeater said "The Great White Brotherhood also includes members of the Heavenly Host (the Spiritual Hierarchy directly concerned with the evolution of our world), Beneficent Members from other planets that are interested in our welfare, as well as certain unascended chelas".


title: Great White Brotherhood

text: The Masters of the Ancient Wisdom are believed by Theosophists to be joined together in service to the Earth under the name of the Great White Brotherhood. The use of the term "white" refers to their use of white magic, as opposed to black, and is unrelated to race besides common psychological relation and its implications. The later versions of Blavatsky described the masters as ethnically Tibetan or Indian (Hindu), not European. Recent skeptical research indicates, however, that this description was used by Blavatsky to hide the real identity of her teachers, some of whom are said to have really been well known Indian rulers or personalities of her time.


title: Great White Brotherhood

text: Most occult groups assign a high level of importance to the Great White Brotherhood, but some make interaction with the Ascended Masters of the Brotherhood a major focus of their existence. Of these several, the most prominent are the "I Am" Activity, founded in the 1930s, The Bridge to Freedom, the Church Universal and Triumphant, and The Temple of The Presence. Belief in the Brotherhood and the Masters is an essential part of the syncretistic teachings of various organizations that have continued and expanded the Theosophical philosophical concepts. Information given by the Summit Lighthouse and the I AM movement is suspect, since none of the writers of these groups are Masters of any Brotherhood. Examples of those believed to be Ascended Masters would be, according to different unconfirmed sources are the Master Jesus, Confucius, Gautama Buddha, Mary the Mother of Jesus, Hilarion, Enoch, Paul the Venetian, Kwan Yin, Saint Germain, and Kuthumi. These sources say that all these peoples put aside any differences they might have had in their Earthly careers, and unite instead to advance the spiritual well-being of humanity.


title: Great White Brotherhood

text: The Great White Brotherhood is the name given in some metaphysical/occult circles to adepts of wisdom in or out of earthly incarnation who have assumed responsibility for the cosmic destiny of the human race, both individually and collectively. Nicholas Roerich and his wife, Helena Roerich, inspired by the Theosophical writings of H.P. Blavatsky, published the "Agni Yoga" series of books. Their contents, claimed to be inspired by the Master Morya, described the work of the White Brotherhood and the Spiritual Hierarchy.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The 2019 Ashes series (officially the Specsavers Ashes Series for sponsorship reasons) was a series of Test cricket matches played between England and Australia for The Ashes in August and September 2019. The venues were Edgbaston, Lord's, Headingley, Old Trafford and The Oval. Australia were the defending holders of the Ashes going into the series, having won in 2017–18. It was the first Test series of the inaugural 2019–2021 ICC World Test Championship. During the second Test match a concussion substitute was used for the first time in international cricket. Steve Smith's phenomenal total of 774 runs at an average of 110.54 has been lauded as the best batting performances of all time in a series. Ben Stokes' game-winning 135* in the third Test also received recognition as one of the best Test innings of all time. Australia retained the Ashes after winning the fourth Test, with England levelling the series 2–2 in the final test, resulting in the first drawn Ashes series since 1972, and Australia leaving England with the Ashes for the first time since the 2001 series.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The 2019 Ashes series began with Australia leading England by 33 series to 32, with five drawn series. Australia had won four of the last 10 Ashes series, including winning the most recent series 4–0 in 2017–18, but the 2015 series, the most recent to be held in England, was won 3–2 by the home side.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: No visiting team had won an Ashes series and/or retained the Ashes since England defeated Australia 3–1 away in 2010–11. Furthermore, Australia last won an Ashes series in England in 2001. The two teams previously met in one warm-up game and two ODI matches in the Cricket World Cup held in England and Wales in the previous months, with Australia winning the warm-up game at the Rose Bowl by 12 runs and the group stage match convincingly by 64 runs at Lord's. In their semi final rematch, England had their own convincing win by eight wickets with 107 balls to spare, en route to winning the tournament for the first time.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: Australia's last two Test series before the Ashes were played against India and Sri Lanka during the home summer season of 2018–19. Although India won their tour series 2–1, the first time India had won a Test series in Australia, Australia recovered to win the Test series against Sri Lanka 2–0.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: Prior to the Ashes series, Australia had its top-order batsmen David Warner, Steve Smith and Cameron Bancroft available for international selection, who were banned from playing international cricket for 9–12 months due to the 2018 Australian ball-tampering scandal in Cape Town against South Africa. All three cricketers were named in Australia's squad for the 2019 Ashes.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: Meanwhile, England warmed up for the 2019 Ashes with a Test series earlier in the year against the West Indies and a one-off Test against Ireland in July. The tour of the West Indies comprised three matches and was won 2–1 by the West Indies. England then improved to win the one-off Test against Ireland, by 143 runs.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: Ahead of the series, it was announced that the second day of the Lord's Test would benefit the Ruth Strauss Foundation, a cancer charity set up in memory of the wife of England's Ashes-winning captain Andrew Strauss, who had died on 29 December 2018 from a rare form of lung cancer. Both teams wore red caps, the stumps were red, and fans were also encouraged to wear red. Australia already had a similar tradition – the Jane McGrath Day is the third day of the Sydney Test during the traditional New Year's Test time slot, in honour of the English-born wife of Australian fast bowler Glenn McGrath, who died from breast cancer, only with pink replacing red, and the proceeds benefiting the McGrath Foundation.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: On 26 July 2019, Australia announced a 17-man touring party for the Ashes series. England announced their squad for the first Test on 27 July.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The first morning of the Ashes saw Stuart Broad take the wickets of both openers, David Warner and Cameron Bancroft, who (along with Steve Smith) were returning to the Test format for the first time since their suspension for a ball-tampering incident in 2018. Warner was the first gone, leg before wicket in the fourth over, while Bancroft was caught behind just four overs later. Despite the early breakthrough, all was not tidy for England as James Anderson, recovering from an injury, bowled only four overs in the session, and while he came back onto the field, it was reported at the lunch interval that he was suffering from tightness in his right calf, and he left the field for a scan in the afternoon. Usman Khawaja was given out after drinks thanks to a review, caught by Bairstow off a thin edge. Despite this setback, Steve Smith and Travis Head managed to hold on until lunch, leaving Australia 83/3 at the break.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The first hour after lunch saw the fall of four wickets, due to good efforts by Broad and Woakes, with Head the first to go, leg before wicket to Woakes after a not out decision was referred to the third umpire, the fourth-wicket partnership having stood for 64 runs. Matthew Wade was the next man in, but he was soon dismissed in similar fashion. Tim Paine was caught at deep square leg after a "horror shot", and James Pattinson fell two balls later for a duck, leaving Australia 112/7 at the end of the 40th over. Pat Cummins fell shortly thereafter with the total at 122, but Australia scampered through to tea at 154/8, Smith unbeaten on 66.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The final session's start was delayed by 20 minutes because of the weather. Peter Siddle and Smith then shared an 88-run partnership, before Siddle was dismissed six runs short of a half-century. Smith then managed to keep the strike for the better part of a dozen overs, reaching a century in the process as the fielders were spread out on the boundary, but he was dismissed with the first over of the new ball, having reached 144 runs on his return to Test cricket, lifting Australia to a respectable 284 all out after being 122/8, with Nathan Lyon unbeaten on 12.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: This left England's openers two overs to navigate before the close of play, which they batted out to a score of 10 without loss.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The morning of the second day saw the wicket of Jason Roy fall, caught behind in the slips off a delivery from Pattinson. Joe Root and Rory Burns managed to play out the rest of the session without loss, despite a scare after drinks, as Root was beaten by a ball that hit his off stump but failed to dislodge the bails; he was initially given out after the ball was caught behind, but a review showed the only contact was with the stump. This left England on 71/1 at the break, wearing down Australia's bowlers but getting little return for their troubles in terms of runs.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: After lunch, both English batsmen piled on the runs on a pitch that was becoming more batsman-friendly. Root was then given out leg before wicket to Siddle, but the review this time showed he made contact, and the on-field decision was overturned. Burns soon reached a half-century, Root following suit shortly afterwards. He was finally out caught and bowled to Siddle before tea, having stood for a 132-run third-wicket partnership. The new man in, Joe Denly, stuck around until the end of the session, England reaching 170/2 with Burns 18 runs away from a maiden Test century.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The evening session saw the umpires decide to replace the ball after the 60th over. The replacement ball saw off Denly and Buttler, England now 194/4. A few overs later, Burns reached his century, becoming the first English opener to score a hundred in the first Test of an Ashes series since Graham Gooch in 1993. Burns and Ben Stokes survived the remainder of the extended final session, building a 73-run partnership, as Travis Head and Matthew Wade were brought in to bowl a few overs before the new ball, which claimed no victims by the close of play; England were 267/4, trailing Australia by 17 runs.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: As play resumed on the third morning, England caught up to Australia's total, Stokes reaching a half-century before edging to the wicket-keeper on the next ball he faced from Cummins, the fifth wicket having stood for 88 runs. Shortly after drinks, Nathan Lyon was the next man to strike for Australia, taking Burns' wicket and dismissing Moeen Ali for a duck in the same over. Bairstow was out to Siddle in the next over, Australia having taken three wickets in the space of 11 balls. Woakes and Broad survived the half-hour left until lunch to put England on 328/8, the game in the balance as Australia had limited their first-innings deficit to only 44 runs at that point.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: During the break, there was good news for England, as it was confirmed that Anderson, injured on the first day, would be able to bat, and had bowled in the nets during the interval. Broad and Woakes built a 65-run partnership, surviving until drinks, after which Broad was caught on a short delivery from Cummins. Anderson came in to bat, but made just three runs, England all out for 374 (a lead of 90), leading to an early tea interval. Concerns over Anderson's fitness were again apparent as he "wasn't moving well between the wickets", and when the teams returned to the field for the final session, he was absent.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: With 44 overs scheduled, the evening session began with the early wicket of Warner, after a review saw him caught behind off Broad in the third over; his aggregate total of 10 runs for the match was his third-lowest in Tests when batting twice. Ali was the next to strike, removing Bancroft and almost getting Khawaja in the same over, only for the latter to be dropped by Jos Buttler at second slip. Khawaja was finally out off Ben Stokes' second ball, having stood for a 48-run third-wicket partnership with Smith, who again looked in top form despite being struck by a bouncer later on, which prompted the intervention of team doctors in light of new concussion protocols. Bad light stopped play just after 6 p.m., 31 overs having been bowled, with Australia 124/3 at the close, leading by 34 runs with Smith unbeaten on 46 and Travis Head also contributing 21 runs to the total.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The following morning saw a good session for Australia as Smith and Head put up a century partnership before drinks, Smith already with a half-century. England's potential chase became more and more uncomfortable throughout the session, despite a few scares for the batsmen. Head fell just before lunch, having put up a half-century of his own in the 130-run fourth-wicket stand. England's bowling attack, lacking Anderson, who was out of it for the remainder of the match, did not pick up another wicket by the interval and Australia were in a strong position at 231/4, having extended their lead to 141 runs, and Smith two runs short of a second century in the match.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The afternoon session began with Smith reaching his century, becoming only the fifth Australian to get two in an Ashes Test. With the 80th over approaching, Wade managed his own half-century as England was "out of options", with Root, Denly and Ali having spells that resulted in a few close calls, and a leg before wicket appeal against Smith that was deemed not out after an England review. In the first over of the new ball, Wade was given out, but his successful review saw the decision overturned. Australia finally lost a wicket in the next over as Smith was caught for 142, becoming only the fourth batsmen to score more than 140 in both innings of a Test. The fifth wicket having stood for 126 runs, skipper Tim Paine was the man in for the few overs left until tea, by which point Australia were 356/5, giving them a comfortable lead of 266.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The evening session saw Wade get a century of his own, the Australian lead now extended to over 300 runs. Paine was found not out after an England review for leg before wicket, but the sixth-wicket partnership, having stood for 76 runs, was broken in the next over as Wade was caught at deep backward square. Paine was bowled by Ali an over later, offering hints of a collapse, but Pattinson and Cummins, both unbeaten, then added 78 runs before the Australian side declared on 487/7, leaving England a target of 398.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: With seven overs left in the day, England's openers were brought out to bat, safely going through them for 13 runs. Although their chances of winning were slim, a draw was still feasible.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The final morning saw Burns become only the fourth England batsmen to bat on all five days of a Test, but this accolade meant little when he was dismissed early, caught by Lyon at gully off Cummins' bowling. Joe Root was then given out leg before wicket twice, but the decision was overturned on review both times, marking yet further poor umpiring decisions in the match. Root then stood with Roy until drinks, but the partnership was ended at 41 runs after the latter was bowled playing a rash shot at a delivery from Lyon. Denly was in and out before lunch, the review not saving him this time, as Lyon struck again and had him caught at short leg. Buttler came in and survived an lbw review by Australia, but Root was dismissed by Lyon 10 minutes before lunch, England 85/4 at the break, after a session that was deemed to be "Australia's morning", thanks mostly to Lyon's contribution.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The afternoon was again fruitful for Australia, as Buttler was bowled by Cummins in the first over after the interval. Bairstow was next to fall, gloving the ball behind to become Cummins' 100th Test wicket after an unsuccessful review. Lyon struck with the next ball, removing Stokes for his 350th Test wicket, becoming the fourth Australian to reach that landmark, joining Shane Warne, Glenn McGrath and Dennis Lillee as England were in the midst of a collapse. Chris Woakes managed to slow Australia's progress until after drinks, striking boundaries and surviving a review for lbw, but Ali was then dismissed for Lyon's fifth wicket of the innings, falling to the Australian spinner for the ninth time in 11 innings. Broad was then out for a golden duck, England now 136/9, giving Lyon the chance to win the match with a hat-trick ball against Anderson; the English batsman survived the delivery, and Woakes was dropped by Smith at second slip a few overs later on a ball that rolled on to the boundary, as dark clouds loomed over the ground; however, Smith made amends two overs later, catching Woakes off the bowling of Cummins to end the match before tea, Australia coming back from 122/8 in their first innings to win by 251 runs and take a 1–0 Ashes lead. It was their first Test win at Edgbaston since 2001.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: After the match, it was confirmed that, because of his calf injury, James Anderson would be ruled out of the second Test, and would also be likely to miss the third Test. Any further participation in the series was also uncertain, with Jofra Archer expected to replace him. England captain Joe Root nevertheless refused to blame anybody, saying that Anderson had passed all fitness tests before the match and that his selection had been unanimous. England's pace bowling options remained limited for further Tests, however, as potential replacement Olly Stone was also injured in training. Despite troubling performances by other members of the side, including Buttler, Bairstow and Ali, Root did not wish to make any "shotgun decisions" and noted that, despite the team's inconsistency, England were far from being out of contention. England's prioritisation of white-ball cricket was also put in a bad light after disappointing performances by players more accustomed to One Day Internationals than Tests.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: Australian skipper Tim Paine noted that Anderson's exclusion had deprived England of one of the world's best bowlers, and that his side's confidence grew as a result. However, he also warned against becoming complacent, making parallels with Australia's performance in preceding tours against India, South Africa and Pakistan, where they "[jumped] the gun with an emphatic win only to surrender a high-profile series". In the meantime, Australia played a three-day tour match against Worcestershire, which, as a result of rain washing out most of the final day, was drawn.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: Criticism was directed at umpires Aleem Dar and Joel Wilson, who had 10 of their decisions overturned over the course of the game, with former Australia captain Ricky Ponting suggesting that the ICC's requirements of neutral umpires should be waived in the future, to reduce umpire workload and fatigue. Root, however, noted that players and umpires, both under pressure to perform, make mistakes, and that over-criticism and blame games should be avoided. The idea, which had already surfaced before, had also been opposed by the umpires themselves, who "[were] happier to accept criticism of their decision-making on a basis of skills, conditions, eyesight – just about anything so long as they are not regarded as biased towards one side".


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The first day of the second Test was washed out because of intermittent rain that prevented the ground from drying and the toss from taking place, leaving four extended days, weather permitting, to complete the match.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: Play began on the second day with England's openers sent in to bat in the morning session. Australia struck in the second over, Jason Roy out for a three-ball duck, caught by Paine off Hazlewood's bowling, the latter returning to the Test side after not being selected for Edgbaston. Joe Root then came in, but he was trapped leg before wicket by Hazlewood, leaving England at 26/2. Denly, the new man in, was hit by a bouncer in the next over, leading to an early drinks break. Nevertheless, he and Rory Burns survived until lunch, contributing a 50-run partnership to rebuild England's innings after the early wickets. This left the home team at 76/2 at the interval.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The second session saw Denly caught behind by Tim Paine off Hazlewood, before Burns reached a half-century. His wicket fell shortly thereafter, however, thanks to a splendid catch by Bancroft at short leg, off the bowling of Cummins. Jos Buttler and Ben Stokes were the next to fall, leaving England on 138/6 with less than an hour to go until tea. Australia reviewed for lbw against Bairstow a few overs before the interval, but this turned out to be a poor decision and the England batsmen did not lose any more wickets before the break, by which point they were 201/6.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The extended evening session, with 37 overs scheduled over two-and-a-half hours, first saw Woakes caught behind on a ball that grazed his glove, the review confirming the on-field decision. England's remaining wickets then fell quickly, with Archer and Broad the next victims. Bairstow reached the 50-run milestone, but he was soon gone, England all out for 258.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: This left England's bowlers a theoretical 18 overs in just under an hour before the close. Warner fell first in the fifth over, for his third single-digit score of the series; however, Bancroft and Khawaja survived eight more overs before play was brought to a close with Australia on 30/1.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The third morning saw 24.1 overs of play, the second wicket pushing the score to 60 before Bancroft was leg before wicket to Archer. Khawaja edged behind off Woakes in the next over, and Head did not last long as he was lbw to Broad, Australia 71/4. Stokes then thought he had Wade trapped for another lbw, but the on-field decision was overturned and Australia lost no further wickets before rain brought an early lunch, the total now 80/4. The weather remained inclement throughout the afternoon and the evening, and no further play was possible.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: Play resumed on the fourth day with Smith and Wade at the crease. Wade was caught at slip off a delivery by Broad shortly before drinks, but Paine survived with Smith until lunch, the latter reaching a half-century to bring Australia's total to 155/5 at the break, England failing to make any further breakthroughs despite a few close calls.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The sixth-wicket partnership was broken after the interval as Paine edged the ball to Buttler off Archer. Smith was then hit on the arm by a short delivery from Archer a few overs later, but was given the green light to continue after examination by team doctors. A review for lbw against Cummins was soon struck down as Archer continued to put pressure on the Australian batsmen, including hitting Smith directly in the neck with a bouncer; the batsman fell to the ground briefly, but had to retire hurt, though he was able to walk off the field unassisted after a chat with the team doctor. The new man in, Siddle, lasted only a few overs, failing to reach a double-digit score, at which point Smith was brought back in; however, he was soon out leg before wicket to Woakes after an unsuccessful review. Australia's tailenders were out before tea, giving them a total of 250, trailing by eight runs with England's second innings to begin after the interval.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: Cummins struck early by removing Roy and then getting Root for a golden duck, but Denly survived the hat-trick ball. This led to a 55-run fourth-wicket partnership, which ended with Denly caught and bowled by Siddle. Burns fell next, but Buttler survived until late in the session, when rain stopped play for the day with England on 96/4.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The final day was again affected by rain as the start was delayed until just after noon. As the players came back on the field, there was confirmation that Steve Smith, struck by a bouncer the previous day, would not come back to the match. He was substituted by Marnus Labuschagne, who became the first concussion substitute in Test cricket after the ICC's decision to allow such replacements. Smith was later ruled out of the third Test at Headingley.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: England's fifth wicket stood for the remainder of the morning session as Ben Stokes reached a half-century, unbeaten on 51 at the interval with England at 157/4. Buttler was caught by Hazlewood off Cummins soon after lunch, but Bairstow played on with Stokes until the latter reached a century, at which point England declared on 258/5. This left Australia a target of 267 runs to win off a scheduled 50 overs, albeit leaving England with an outside chance to bowl their opposition out. England made an early breakthrough, Archer removing both Warner and Khawaja inside the first six overs, before Leach trapped Bancroft lbw with the final ball of the 14th over; however, Labuschagne and Head proved obstinate at the crease, putting on 85 runs for the fourth wicket before Labuschagne was caught by a diving Root at midwicket for 59 at the end of the 36th over. Labuschagne also went onto become the first concussion substitute to score a test fifty during the process. Wade was next to go seven balls later, out for one, before Denly produced a diving catch to remove Paine for four off the bowling of Archer, Australia now 149/6. Nevertheless, Head continued to stick around at the other end, farming the strike from Cummins and managing 42 runs to help Australia see out the final eight overs.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: Rain delayed the toss in the morning and play started shortly after noon with lunch delayed to 1:30 p.m. Only four overs could be completed before rain again interrupted play after the wicket of Harris, Australia 12/1. Lunch was taken early, but rain did not allow for resumption of play until 2 p.m. Khawaja was then caught after England referred the decision to the video umpire, but only 9.5 overs were possible before rain again prevented continuation. A few more overs were possible before bad light stopped play, with Australia on 54/2 at the early tea interval.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The evening session was unaffected by rain, and Australia's third wicket stood for 111 runs before Warner, having previously successfully overturned an on-field decision, was caught off Archer. After this, Australia, on 136/3, collapsed to 179 all out by the close. Archer claimed five more victims to end the innings with figures of 6/45 in his second Test match.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The second day was played in sunny conditions, but this did not prevent England from struggling with the bat; Denly was the only batsman to reach double digits, scoring 12 after surviving an lbw review. England were 54/6 at the interval, with the Ashes "hanging by a thread".


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The England debacle continued after lunch, with Woakes out on the first ball of the afternoon session, the final three wickets then falling in quick succession as the home side was all out for 67, with Hazlewood picking up a five-wicket haul for the visitors.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The dismal batting performance of both teams, the previous 18 wickets having fallen for 110 runs, appeared to continue into the second Australia innings as Warner was lbw for a duck in the second over. Harris and Khawaja added 26 runs to the total, surviving a review for lbw, before Harris was bowled by Leach. Khawaja was soon caught by Roy at second slip off Woakes, and Australia were 82/3 at tea.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: After the interval, the fourth wicket stood for 46 runs before losing Head with the total at 97/4, only for Wade and Labuschagne to build a 66-run partnership after surviving multiple reviews. Wade and Paine were given out shortly before stumps, as Labuschagne reached a half-century to put Australia on 171/6, a lead of 283.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The third day was played in similar sunny conditions to the second. Labuschagne and Pattinson returned to the crease, with the former resuming on 53 not out. Their partnership eventually reached 51 before Pattinson was caught behind by Root off Archer's bowling. Cummins came in to join Labuschagne but his innings was short-lived, as he made just six runs before being caught in the slips by Burns off Stokes. Shortly after, Labuschagne was run out by Denly and finished on 80 runs, with Australia at 237/9 and leading by 349 runs. The final wicket fell half an hour before lunch as Lyon was bowled out by Archer and Australia finished with a lead of 358, setting what would be England's highest ever run chase in Test cricket.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: England's second innings began shortly before lunch and openers Burns and Roy saw out the opening overs to go in 11/0 at the break. Shortly after play resumed, England lost both their opening batsmen in quick succession. Burns fell first, caught behind off Hazlewood before Roy was bowled by Cummins. Root and Denly came to the crease at 15/2 with just under two sessions until the close of play. The pair built a solid partnership and moved to 140/2 with both reaching half-centuries before Denly was given out caught behind off Hazlewood. Stokes was the next batsman in and was able to see out the rest of the day with Root. England finished on 156/3, requiring 203 more runs for victory.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: The fourth day of the Test started poorly for England. The first 25 balls were dots and the new ball was due to be available to Australia in another four overs. Root eventually opened the scoring for the day before being caught behind by Warner off Lyon's bowling, having made 77 runs. This wicket took Lyon to 356 in Test cricket and saw him go third in Australia's list of all-time highest Test wicket-takers. Bairstow joined Stokes at the crease with the score 159/4 and the partnership made 79 runs before lunch to bring England to 238/4, needing 121 more runs to win. At this stage, it seemed as though if Stokes and Bairstow could continue batting as sensibly as they had, then victory was a real possibility.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: However, soon after play resumed, England suffered a string of quick wickets. Bairstow was the first to fall, caught behind by Labuschagne off Hazlewood for 36. Buttler was in next but made only 1 before confusion between him and Stokes left him well short of his crease when Head hit the stumps to run him out. Similarly, Woakes came in next and added just one run before driving a ball from Hazlewood straight to Wade. At this point, England were 261/7 and needed 98 more runs to win. Archer came to the crease and added 15 to the score with a few boundaries before picking out Head at deep midwicket off Lyon. Broad survived just one ball before being given out lbw, which was confirmed after his review, and England had just one wicket remaining with 73 more runs needed for victory. Since the lunch interval, they had lost 5 wickets for just 48 runs.


title: 2019 Ashes series

text: Jack Leach was the final man in for England with the score at 286/9 and their game plan soon became apparent. Stokes took the brunt of the Australian attack, never allowing Leach to face more than the final couple of balls of any over so that Stokes could keep the strike. Stokes started well, hitting Lyon for a six in the first over of the partnership. He then made a few runs from the next over from Pattinson before hitting Lyon for two sixes in the next over, the second a reverse sweep, finishing the over with England at 310/9. Two overs later, he hit Cummins for another six before pulling Hazlewood for four to reach his century. He then hit two more sixes from Hazlewood's bowling – making 16 from just three balls – and moved England to 338/9. Stokes was then dropped by Harris, although it was a tough catch to take, before hitting consecutive fours off Cummins to move the score to 350/9. Leach then had to face the final two balls of Cummins' over and an lbw shout off the final ball was reviewed by Australia after umpire Chris Gaffaney gave it not out; the ball was found to have pitched outside leg, confirming umpire Gaffaney's decision, and the review was lost. Lyon continued the attack and was smacked down the ground for six more by Stokes. England needed just two runs to win and one run to tie. Two balls later, Lyon fumbled what would have been a certain run-out with Leach well out of his crease before hitting Stokes on the pad to huge cries for lbw. Umpire Joel Wilson gave it not out and Australia had no reviews left; had the decision been reviewed, it would have been given out. This was the final ball of the over so Stokes was unable to rotate the strike and Leach potentially had to face a full over from Cummins. He scored a single from the third ball of the over to ensure England could not lose the game and gave Stokes the strike with England needing just one run to win. Stokes promptly cut the next ball from Cummins through the covers for four to give England the most unlikely victory imaginable, completing their highest ever run chase in Tests.


title: Tom Leykis

text: Thomas Joseph Leykis (pronounced: ; born August 1, 1956) is an American talk radio personality best known for hosting "The Tom Leykis Show" from 1994 to 2009 (nationally syndicated), and April 2012 to 2018 (internet streamcast/podcast). The show follows the hot talk format, which brought Leykis much success, particularly in the Southern California radio market. Due to the provocative nature of the show, Leykis has often been described as a shock jock. The show's best-known feature is "Leykis 101", in which he claims to teach men how to get women while spending the least amount of time, money, and effort.


title: Tom Leykis

text: Tom Leykis was born August 1, 1956, at a time when his parents, Harry and Laura (née O'Mara), lived in the Bronx. Leykis spent his early childhood in The Bronx, New York City, New York and has two sisters (Terry, Anne) and a brother (Jim). Leykis is of Irish and Jewish descent. His Jewish grandfather, who originated in Kyiv, Ukraine, emigrated to Lithuania and later to the United States at the turn of the 20th century. Tom Leykis has repeatedly stated that his lineage is irrelevant to his life and his accomplishments in the radio business. His father was a union leader at "The New York Post". At a point in Leykis' childhood, he moved with his family to Selden, Long Island, where he completed high school and graduated at 16 from Newfield High School. He then moved away from the family home to study broadcasting at Fordham University and dropped out due to financial issues.


title: Tom Leykis

text: Leykis began his radio career in the state of New York in 1970. At the age of 14, he was once a fill-in host for WBAB later working in 1979 for Mark Simone's WPIX-FM talk show comedy titled "The Simone Phone" where he was featured as the host's sidekick. In the mid-1970s Leykis hosted one of the first public access TV shows on Long Island's Cablevision system, "The Graffiti Hour", a call-in program. Leykis eventually left WPIX, later went to WBAI leaving in the fall of 1981 to go to Albany to work at WQBK. Leykis also contributed to a show called "The Phonebooth" on WABC that ended in 1981. After his departure from WABC, Leykis was offered a full-time radio hosting job in Staunton, Virginia.


title: Tom Leykis

text: Leykis credits his defining moment to seriously pursue a career in radio to an incident that occurred in the early 1980s, in which his then-girlfriend locked him out of their residence because she believed he didn't earn enough money; he has since stated that this was one of the most important events of his life. A few years later, Leykis appeared on an episode of 20/20 where she contacted his show in an attempt to resume their relationship and he declined.


title: Tom Leykis

text: On Monday, February 27, 1984, "The Tom Leykis Show" aired on WNWS in Miami to replace the WNWS night show hosted by talk radio personality Neil Rogers. Rogers, who had previously signed conflicting employment contracts with both WNWS (790 AM) and WINZ (940 AM), had just won permission from a Miami court to take his act to WINZ and hoped leaving WNWS would be devastating to Leykis' program. Rogers and Leykis became rivals and, in June 1984, just after Denver radio talk show host Alan Berg was assassinated, Leykis told listeners Neil Rogers' real name and urged callers to harass his on-air rival. By January 1985, Leykis had the top-ranking evening talk show in the market. In September 1985, Leykis abruptly left his WNWS job over concern about the pending WNWS-WGBS merger and began work at Phoenix's KFYI.


title: Tom Leykis

text: As program director at KFYI, Leykis constructed a politically well-rounded host lineup inserting himself as a "left leaning libertarian" in the afternoons. Leykis was known for his method of gathering new callers for the station by provoking rival station KTAR. In 1987, Leykis abruptly left KFYI because of differences with station management that still has a shroud of secrecy surrounding the details. As of the late 1990s, KFYI hosts were prohibited from discussing the details of Leykis' departure from the station. While still in Phoenix, Leykis also had a local Public-access television show called "Backstage Pass".


title: Tom Leykis

text: After leaving Phoenix, Leykis moved on to Los Angeles to work for KFI, where he hosted a talk-radio program from 1988 to 1992, as a liberal counterpart to Rush Limbaugh. During this time, KFI was hit with a $6,000 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) indecency fine over Leykis' on-air comments; however, the fine was paid in full from contributions by listeners. During Leykis' tenure at KFI, KFI host Geoff Edwards was suspended and then resigned over an incident related to steamrolling a massive collection of Cat Stevens' work sent in by listeners, which was motivated by Leykis' denouncement of Cat Stevens' comments about Salman Rushdie. A local Nazi historian likened the stunt as being reminiscent of a Nazi book burning.


title: Tom Leykis

text: On September 29, 1992, KFI management dismissed Leykis with only an hour's notice, based on what Leykis claims they called "a business decision"; KFI assumed the obligation of paying him his contracted salary, estimated at $400,000 per year, for the remaining six months of his contract.


title: Tom Leykis

text: Leykis next moved on to Boston and WRKO. He later left the Boston station for a new job in Los Angeles after a publicized domestic disturbance with then-wife Susan at the end of 1993. In March 1994, pretrial probation was granted and the charges stemming from that assault were dropped in exchange for his attendance in a program for batterers.


title: Tom Leykis

text: In 1994, Leykis began the nationally syndicated program, "The Tom Leykis Show" on Westwood One from Culver City, California. The final years of the show were produced from Paramount Pictures studios in Hollywood.


title: Tom Leykis

text: Leykis' started the Internet streamcast network "The New Normal Network", featuring streams like New Normal Music, in July 2010.


title: Tom Leykis

text: "The Tom Leykis Show" began in 1988 broadcasting from KFI in Los Angeles. Originally the show was often political in nature, a fact Leykis highlighted at the start of every episode by proclaiming his show the only radio talk show that is "not hosted by a right-wing wacko or a convicted felon", references to radio hosts Rush Limbaugh and G. Gordon Liddy, respectively. In addition to politics, the host commonly discussed relationships, religion (Leykis is an atheist), and other issues. On Fridays, listeners were allowed to call in and talk about anything they wanted, in contrast to other days when Leykis established a single topic for each hour of the show.


title: Tom Leykis

text: Friday was also the usual day for live appearances in cities around the U.S., when Leykis would broadcast from a bar or other public place with an audience present. The free-for-all subject matter and large crowds led to a rowdy atmosphere on Friday shows, and it was in this context that "Flash Fridays" began.


title: Tom Leykis

text: In 1997, Leykis's show was picked up by KLSX, an FM talk station in Los Angeles that also carried "The Howard Stern Show". The station became the flagship for the show and Leykis began to tone down the political aspect of the show around this time, and started the "Leykis 101" segment soon after.


title: Tom Leykis

text: In 2002, "The Tom Leykis Show" was briefly heard on an irregular basis in New York City on WNEW. Leykis was moved to afternoons from nights to replace the recently fired Opie and Anthony of The Opie and Anthony Show. Leykis later reflected on his comparative lack of success in the New York market, explaining that the station never truly got behind him, "We were talking to [WNEW Show Director Mark Chernoff] about the show being on the station on a regular basis. He said, "This show will never work in New York." Now, that may be true or it may not be true but how do you know until the people have had a chance to listen to it?".


title: Tom Leykis

text: In addition to his weekday show, Leykis began hosting a new syndicated weekend show called "The Tasting Room" in February 2005, covering lifestyle topics such as wine and spirits, luxury cars, and high-end technology.


title: Tom Leykis

text: With the departure of Howard Stern to satellite radio in January 2006, KLSX became known on-air as "97.1 Free FM" – so-called to highlight that its stations broadcast free-to-air, funded by commercials, whereas satellite radio requires a subscription fee. The station was produced by CBS Radio as part of its Free FM format, and "The Tom Leykis Show" was broadcast in a number of affiliate markets nationwide including but not limited to Portland, Dallas, Seattle, Phoenix, Las Vegas as well as multiple California markets in addition to its Los Angeles flagship such as San Diego and San Francisco. "Talkers Magazine", analyzing Arbitron data, show that Leykis has an estimated listening minimum weekly cume of over 1.75 million for Spring 2007, based on a national sample.


title: Tom Leykis

text: On February 20, 2009, KLSX changed its format to Top 40 (CHR) under economic pressures, and "The Tom Leykis Show" aired its final broadcast. The show ran Monday through Friday, 3:00 PM to 8:00 PM PT from Paramount Studios and 2:00 PM to 6:00 PM Saturdays in Hollywood, California and was heard in a number of major metropolitan markets on the West Coast of the United States.


title: Tom Leykis

text: Leykis's show returned on his podcast/streamcast network The New Normal Network at 3PM Pacific time, April 2, 2012 – one day after his CBS contract ended. The new uncensored show included a new theme song, fewer commercials, and "Leykis 101" news at the top of each hour. The new show was financed through both advertising and a premium subscription service that offers a less-compressed stream and podcast-on-demand ability. It was produced by Gary Zabransky along with associate producer Dean "Dino" DeMilio, and engineered by Mike Timpson, who replaced Art Webb after his departure in 2013. In February 2018, Tom Leykis announced that he would be ending his live show that year. The final live episode aired on October 25, 2018.


title: Tom Leykis

text: On October 13, 2018, Leykis announced a new podcast series that would be exclusive to his subscribers on his premiumtom.com website. His new podcasting venture commenced on October 29, 2018.


title: Tom Leykis

text: Typically, Leykis discusses one topic per hour. He will introduce the topic by reading a news article or peer-reviewed study, or by discussing a personal anecdote or experience. He will then accept callers for discussion and debate.


title: Tom Leykis

text: The cornerstone of the program was the Thursday broadcast of "Leykis 101", in which the program is set up as an "ad hoc" lecture and question and answer session, over which Leykis presides as a self-styled "professor". The subject of the "101" segments are how men can spend less money on women, while achieving greater sexual and personal success. The intent of his advice is to serve as a father figure for his mostly-men listeners. Thus, many callers address Leykis as "Dad" or "Father".


title: Tom Leykis

text: Along with general information on life for young men, Leykis's 101 advice mostly consists of his principles of looking out for oneself. He argues that the institution of marriage is flawed and that family court systems are often corrupt because DNA testing after childbirth is not mandatory to prevent paternity fraud, and because courts have forced men to pay child support even after DNA testing has established that a man was not actually a child's father. To guard against sperm theft, he advises men to dispose of their own condoms by flushing them down the toilet or filling them with tabasco sauce. Other examples of Leykis 101 guidelines include never dating single mothers or co-workers; never cohabiting with a woman; using birth control during each sexual encounter; and immediately ending a relationship if a woman issues an ultimatum. In the event of an unplanned pregnancy, Leykis advocates a strategy known as "The Hail Mary", whereby the man persuades the woman to have an abortion by promising to have children with her when they are ready in the future. Then as soon as she has the procedure, he dumps her.


title: Tom Leykis

text: Leykis constantly recommends that young men pursue their career or educational goals and avoid being distracted by serious relationships or marriage at a young age as he was. Leykis describes many women as "dream killers" (i.e., he argues that, in dating or marriage, women will typically prioritize their desires above a man's, and will actively discourage men's ambitions for fear of him leaving the relationship if he attains success). Furthermore, Leykis urges men to live frugally, including avoiding consumer debt (what Leykis describes as "renting money"); never spending more than $40 for a date; and saving cash and investing for the future. He has described men who neglect their bills as "immoral".


title: Tom Leykis

text: A popular and long-running feature of the show is "Flash Friday", in which men are encouraged to drive with their headlights on and women are encouraged to expose their breasts to such vehicles. The feature began as a one-time bit; while on the air, Leykis recalled a radio host he listened to as a child, who asked his listeners in New York apartments to flash their lights on and off and then to look outside to see how many neighbors were doing the same, as a way to gauge the audience size (Jean Shepherd). Leykis asked his listeners to do the same with their car headlights, and a few minutes later, jokingly suggested that women flash their breasts. A listener called in to report that he saw a woman flashing fellow drivers, and it became a regular feature of the show. Both women and men commonly call during the Friday broadcast to alert other listeners as to their location, and to recount stories of flashing or being flashed, respectively.


title: Tom Leykis

text: In July 1998, Tom Leykis and the production company Westwood One were sued by Karen Carpenter of Juneau, Alaska. She claimed to have suffered post-traumatic stress from disparaging and sexual comments Leykis made about her on the air. Leykis has stated on air that the case occupied much of his attention in the winter of 2002. Tom Leykis did win the case.


title: Tom Leykis

text: On June 25, 2003, Marty Ingels, a voice actor, called into Leykis's show and tried to challenge him on moral grounds. Ingels, who was much older than the typical caller to Leykis's show, was subjected to some rude remarks by the call screener who said that he was too old and should not be on the air. But Ingels was placed on the air, and Leykis also disparaged Ingels, stating "you're not just older than my demographic, you're the grandfather of my demographic". Leykis explained that he didn't want older callers because he was selling advertising aimed at younger listeners. Ingels sued the show for age discrimination. It was noted that Ingels could not really complain he was discriminated against because his call was in fact put on the air. As for Ingels, the actor was ordered to pay $25,000 in attorney's fees to Leykis.


title: Tom Leykis

text: Another widely publicized event took place in November 2006, when Leykis invited callers to make confessions about their wrongdoing or escapades which were never discovered. A listener from the Phoenix, Arizona area called the show and confessed to shooting the father of her child when he refused to pay child support. The caller described herself as a nurse who went by her middle name, Sue, and said that she shot the man in the heart with a 9 mm because she "knew how to aim for it", and moreover asserted that she made the shooting look like a suicide. Leykis asked if the woman was serious, and the woman explained how she "got away with it" because police believed "a blubbering, crying woman" and that she was never arrested or charged. Leykis informed her that she had made a murder confession live on the air, that the call-screener had her phone number, and that they would turn her information over to police. The woman ended her call.


title: Tom Leykis

text: Leykis denied allegations that the call was part of a hoax set up by the show, and producers turned over all information they had about the caller to police who began an investigation. Leykis discussed the confession on subsequent episodes of his show, urging listeners to phone a toll-free number if they had possibly relevant information, and offering a cash reward for information leading to conviction of the woman for murder. About a month later, former talk show host Geraldo Rivera asked Leykis about the incident on his "Geraldo at Large" syndicated television program. Geraldo: "So what was your first reaction when you got this call?" Leykis: "I was shocked. You know, people call talk shows and say all kinds of things, but they never confess to murder."


title: Tom Leykis

text: On August 7, 2008, Leykis interviewed an officer involved in the investigation. Evidence was presented to the Maricopa County Attorney's Office and charges were considered against Megan Suzanne Vice of El Mirage, Arizona. Her ex-boyfriend, Tortsen Rockwood, died of a gunshot wound in 2001, and, while the death was originally ruled a suicide, police later named Vice as their suspect in the case. Sometime after the murder confession was made on Leykis's show, Vice filed a police report stating that her cell phone had been stolen. In 2009, it was revealed that police reviewed the death of Rockwood and determined that all the evidence was consistent with suicide and that Vice would not be charged with murder; however, she was charged with filing a false police report for claiming that her cell phone was stolen.


title: Tom Leykis

text: In 2003, Leykis raised controversy by revealing the name of Katelyn Faber, the accuser in the Kobe Bryant sexual assault case. Other media outlets elected to reveal details of the alleged victim such as race and masked photographs while excluding her name, as was the standard practice at that time, raising privacy questions.