title: Daniel Kottke

text: In an interview with "Slashdot", Kottke stated that "Pirates of Silicon Valley" was "a great movie. Noah Wyle was just uncannily close to Jobs. Just unbelievable. I found myself thinking it was actually Steve on the screen." He also stated that in the film there were "all these scenes of the garage where it's like half a dozen people working, busily carrying things back and forth, and oscilloscopes" when he [Kottke] "was really the only person who worked in the garage. Woz would show up once a week with his latest to test it out, and Steve Jobs was on the phone a lot in the kitchen."


title: Daniel Kottke

text: In an interview with "Slashdot", Kottke stated that he was consulted on early versions of the screenplay for "Jobs" and noted, "Ashton's very good. I have no complaints with him at all, no complaints with his portrayal of Jobs. The complaint that people would rightly have about the film is that it portrays Woz as not having the same vision as Steve Jobs, which is really unfair." He also said that the early versions of the screenplay "were painful. Really painful. I forwarded the first draft to Mike Markkula because they wanted his feedback, and Mike took such a bad reaction to it, he wouldn't have anything more to do with the project. By the time it got to the fourth draft, it was okay. It wasn't making me cringe." Kottke also outlined various areas that were both accurate and inaccurate in the film. Bill Fernandez was part of the same interview but stated that he didn't see the film because "the whole thing is a work of fiction, and I don't want to be upset by all the things that the screenwriter has invented and don't represent the truth." Kottke responded that he didn't think of the film as fiction because "I was involved early on in the film, and they really, sincerely tried to make it as accurate as they could."


title: Daniel Kottke

text: In an interview with CNN, Kottke states that seeing the movie was a bit of a shock to him and that he enjoyed it very much. "It took me a few days after seeing the film ... I was surprised to see what a dominant character Lisa became. I found that very gratifying to see. It was very much a caricature ... [but] Aaron Sorkin did such a good job."


title: BMW R1250GS

text: The BMW R1250GS is a motorcycle manufactured in Berlin, Germany by BMW Motorrad, part of the BMW group. It is one of the BMW GS family of dual sport motorcycles. It has a , two-cylinder boxer engine with 4-valves per cylinder and variable valve timing (VVT).


title: BMW R1250GS

text: In September 2018, Kevin Cameron wrote that a "shift cam" VVT system was destined for a 2019 model year R1250GS, and other media reported the technology was to be adopted on all the R series boxer motors. In September 2018, BMW confirmed the 2019 R1250GS and sibling R1250RT would have VVT.


title: BMW R1250GS

text: The engine displaces with 102.5 mm bore × 76 mm stroke. The intake camshaftes have two cam lobes per valve that can be switched within one cam revolution between partial-throttle and open-throttle cam profiles. Power and torque claimed by BMW are higher than the predecessor model at at 7750 rpm and at 6250 rpm, with 4% better fuel economy.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: The Liberal National Party of Queensland (LNP) is a major political party in Queensland, Australia. It was formed in 2008 by a merger of the Queensland divisions of the Liberal Party and the National Party. At a federal level and in most other states, the two parties remain distinct and operate as a Coalition. The LNP is a division of the Liberal Party of Australia, and an affiliate of the National Party of Australia.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: After suffering defeat at its first election in 2009 the LNP won government for the first time at the 2012 election, winning 78 out of 89 seats, a record majority in the unicameral Parliament of Queensland. Campbell Newman became the first LNP Premier of Queensland. The Newman Government was subsequently defeated by the Labor Party at the 2015 election.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: Since the 1970s, the Queensland branches/divisions of the National Party and Liberal Party had found themselves in frequent competition with one another for seats in Queensland. The Liberal Party (and its predecessors) and the National Party (formerly the Country Party and National Country Party) have been in a coalition at the federal level for all but a few years since 1923. In most parts of Australia, the Liberal Party is the larger party, concentrated in urban areas, with the Nationals a junior partner operating exclusively in rural and regional areas. Competition between the two is thus minimised as the two attempts to win more seats combined than the Australian Labor Party.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: However, Queensland is Australia's most decentralised state. Like most state capitals in Australia, Brisbane is far and away Queensland's largest urban centre; it has more than double the population of the next largest urbanised area, the Gold Coast, and is five times as large as the third-largest, the Sunshine Coast. However, only around 45% of the state's population lives in the Brisbane area. Unlike the rest of Australia, a larger portion of Queensland's population is distributed either in regional cities like Toowoomba, Rockhampton, Townsville, Mackay, Gladstone and Cairns, or in rural areas. As such, the urban-rural divide is not as pronounced in Queensland as in the rest of Australia; in other states, 60% or more of the population lives in and around the state's capital city.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: Historically, the Country/National Party was stronger in these regional centres than the Liberals. As a result, the Nationals had more seats than the Liberals and their predecessors, and had been the senior partner in the non-Labor Coalition since 1924. This division into urban, regional and rural areas was, for most of the twentieth century, reflected in a system of malapportionment that made it easier for rural-based parties to win more seats in Parliament.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: The formation of the LNP was actually the third attempt to unite the non-Labor side in Queensland. In 1925, the United Party — the Queensland branch of the urban-based Nationalist Party — and the Country Party merged as the Country and Progressive National Party. This party won government in 1929 under former Queensland Country leader Arthur Edward Moore, but was defeated in 1932 and split apart in 1936. In 1941, the Queensland divisions of the United Australia Party and Country Party merged as the Country-National Organisation, under Frank Nicklin of the Country side. However, this merger only lasted until 1944.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: During the 1970s, the Country Party began running candidates in the more urbanised south-east corner of the state, including the Brisbane area, in direct competition with the Liberals. This was part of a larger strategy by the federal party to expand its base outside of rural areas — reflected in successive name changes to the National Country Party in 1975 and the National Party in 1982. The state party had actually changed its name to the National Party in 1974 as part of its effort to broaden its reach.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: After more than a decade of increasingly fraught relations, the Liberals pulled out of the Coalition in 1983. The Nationals came up one seat short of a majority in their own right in the election held later that year. The Nationals then persuaded two Liberals to defect to them, and governed alone until their defeat in 1989.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: In 1992 the electoral system was changed to Optional Preferential Voting, meaning that three-cornered contests between Liberal, National and Labor candidates became much more likely to see Labor candidates win. The other change in 1992 was the end of the old zonal electoral system for the Legislative Assembly, the sole chamber of the state's parliament. As a result, 40 of the 89 seats—almost half of the seats in the legislature—were now based in Brisbane. The Liberals and Nationals signed a renewed Coalition agreement in November 1992, two months after Labor easily won a second term. However, it was all but impossible to win a majority government without a substantial base in Brisbane, something that was difficult for the Coalition to do since the Nationals were the senior partner. Brisbane's increased share of the legislature made it politically difficult to win even a minority government without winning a significant share of the capital's seats. Labor was in government for all but three years from 1989 to 2012 in large part because it won at least 30 seats in greater Brisbane at every election. Even when it was briefly consigned to opposition by the Rob Borbidge-led Coalition from 1996 to 1998, Labor still won 31 seats in Brisbane.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: The 1995 state election proved just how difficult it was for the Coalition to win during this time. While it actually won a slim majority of the two-party vote, much of that margin was wasted on landslides in the Nationals' heartland. As mentioned above, Labor won 31 seats in Brisbane, allowing it to eke out a one-seat majority. The Labor majority was lost altogether a few months later in a by-election, but the Coalition was only able to form a minority government by a margin of one seat with the support of independent Liz Cunningham. This underscored how difficult the 1992 reforms made it to form even a minority government without a substantial base in Brisbane. The situation became worse with the emergence of other forces on the right such as Pauline Hanson's One Nation and the City Country Alliance, and the advocacy by the Labor Party under Peter Beattie starting in 2001 of a "just vote 1" strategy that caused non-Labor preferences to exhaust instead of leaking to other non-Labor candidates. By the turn of the millennium, many members of both parties felt that a merger would reduce harmful competition between non-Labor candidates and to increase the chances of winning seats in Brisbane from Labor.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: The Queensland Liberals and Nationals had contested separately for the Senate in federal elections until the 2007 election, when they ran a join Senate ticket for the first time in 30 years.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: On 30 May 2008, an agreement in principle to merge was established between the Queensland divisions of the Liberal and National parties. A plebiscite of members of each party was then conducted with a large majority of respondents favouring the proposed merger.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: The agreement in principle and a draft constitution were considered by separate meetings of the parties held over 26–27 July 2008, and the LNP was created on 26 July 2008. The inaugural conference of the LNP was held following the adoption of the constitution. The two parties had been meeting in adjoining rooms of the Sofitel Hotel in Brisbane. The wall between the two meetings was removed after both parties approved the merger, and the inaugural conference of the newly merged party began soon afterward.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: After the July 2008 merger, the party had 25 members in the Legislative Assembly: 17 originally elected as Nationals, 8 originally elected as Liberals. National Party leader Lawrence Springborg became the merged party's first leader, and remained as Leader of the Opposition. Liberal Party leader Mark McArdle became Deputy Leader of the new party, and remained Deputy Leader of the Opposition. While the new party was dominated by former Nationals, its president acquired full voting rights with the federal Liberals and observer status with the federal Nationals.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: The LNP fought its first election as a unified party at the 2009 state election. It managed an eight-seat swing and finished one percentage point behind Labor on the two-party-preferred vote (with optional preference voting). However, it came up 11 seats short of forming government mainly due to winning only six seats in Brisbane. Springborg resigned as leader, later becoming deputy leader under his successor, John-Paul Langbroek. Langbroek is from the Liberal side of the merger, and his election marked the first time since 1925 that the non-Labor side in Queensland had been led by someone aligned federally with the Liberals or their predecessors.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: Federal Queensland Liberal and National federal representatives and senators remained affiliated to their respective parties until after the 2010 Federal Election, with senators retaining their affiliation until the new Senate sat in July 2011.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: Bruce McIver oversaw the Liberal–National party merger as president, which saw the Queensland Nationals, with their long history of social conservatism, amalgamate with the Queensland branch of the more socially progressive Liberal Party. McIver's time as National Party president coincided with the demotion of members who did not share his socially conservative views. After then parliamentary leader Jeff Seeney disagreed with McIver's opposition to stem-cell research and criticised McIver's email seeking to instruct politicians on how they should exercise their conscience vote, he was soon deposed from the leadership. This led to speculation in the "Courier Mail" that the Queensland Nationals had been "hijacked by the Christian Right", drawing parallels to similar developments in certain parts of the United States.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: On 22 March 2011, Brisbane Lord Mayor Campbell Newman announced that he would seek preselection for the Brisbane-area seat of Ashgrove, a seat with a 7.1 percent Labor majority, and if successful, would challenge Langbroek for the party leadership. Newman, like Langbroek, is from the Liberal side of the merger. Langbroek and Springborg resigned as leader and deputy leader hours later. Under normal circumstances, an LNP MP from a safe seat would have resigned so Newman could get into the chamber via a by-election. However, a by-election could not be arranged. To solve this problem, former Nationals leader Jeff Seeney, who was elected deputy leader at the same time Newman was formally elected leader, became interim parliamentary leader (and hence Leader of the Opposition) while Newman led the party into the 24 March 2012 state election. Seeney agreed to cede the parliamentary leader's post to Newman if he was elected to parliament.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: The 2012 state election saw Newman lead the LNP to a landslide victory. The LNP scored a 14.5 percent swing from Labor, just short of 50 percent of the primary vote, and won an additional 44 seats. In the process, the LNP took all but three seats in the Brisbane metropolitan area, in some cases on swings of 10 percent or more. Overall, the LNP won 78 seats to Labor's seven, the largest majority government in Queensland history. Newman won Ashgrove on a swing of 12.7 percent, almost double what he needed to take the seat off Labor. He was sworn in as premier two days later, heading the state's first non-Labor majority government in 23 years.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: The LNP appeared to be positioned to win a second term at the 31 January 2015 state election, albeit with a reduced majority. However, in a shock result that had not been foreseen by any commentators, let alone either party, the LNP suffered a 12 percent swing and lost its majority. Labor took 31 seats off the LNP, and came within one seat of rebounding from only nine seats at dissolution to an outright majority. One of the LNP casualties was Newman, who became just the second Queensland premier since Federation to lose his own seat. He immediately announced his retirement from politics, and Springborg was elected his successor on 7 February with Langbroek as his deputy. Although Springborg initially harboured hopes of forming a minority government, this ended when Labor formed a minority government with the support of the lone independent in the chamber.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: On 6 May 2016, Tim Nicholls, who is from the Liberal side of the merger, successfully challenged Springborg for the leadership of the party, winning the ballot 22 votes to 19. Deb Frecklington, the member for the ancestrally National seat of Nanango (the seat of former Premier Joh Bjelke-Petersen), was elected deputy leader. Nicholls led the party to defeat at the November 2017 state election. The LNP actually suffered a three-seat swing, allowing Labor to win government in its own right. Nicholls subsequently stepped down as party leader. Frecklington was elevated to the leadership position at a party-room meeting on 12 December 2017, with Tim Mander selected as deputy leader.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: Under Frecklington's leadership, the LNP was heavily defeated at the 2020 state election, in which it only managed to win five seats in Brisbane. Frecklington initially planned to stay on as leader, but on 2 November announced that she would call a leadership spill which she would not contest. David Crisafulli, the member for the Gold Coast seat of Broadwater, was elected LNP leader on 12 November 2020, with Toowoomba-area MP David Janetzki as his deputy.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: The party has in the past supplied a former Deputy Prime Minister; former federal Nationals leader Warren Truss, Deputy Prime Minister in the Abbott Government, was a member of the LNP.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: In February of 2022, before the 21 May 2022 federal election, out of 29 LNP federal MPs and Senators, 21 sat with the Liberals while eight sat with the Nationals. The eight LNP MPs and Senators who sat with the Nationals were:


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: In practice, most LNP MPs from Brisbane and the Gold Coast sit with the Liberals, while those from country seats usually sit with the Nationals.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: The party has considered forming a separate party room in the Federal Parliament (i.e., separate from the federal Nationals who are formed by NSW and Victorian members). As a separate party the LNP would be the second largest party of the Coalition and would theoretically have a claim to the Deputy Prime Minister's post in any Coalition government.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: Llew O'Brien sat with the Nationals until 10 February 2020. He has since opted to sit within the Coalition party room, but not with the Nationals or Liberals, following his call for a leadership spill against Michael McCormack the week before. O'Brien rejoined the federal Nationals parliamentary party in December 2020.


title: Liberal National Party of Queensland

text: After the 2022 election, Peter Dutton of the outer Brisbane seat of Dickson became federal leader of the Liberals while David Littleproud became federal leader of the Nationals. This is the first time that LNP MPs have been federal leaders of both respective federal Coalition partners.


title: Om (band)

text: Om (sometimes stylized as OM) is an American doom metal band from San Francisco, California. Formed as a duo in 2003 by the rhythm section of the band Sleep (bassist Al Cisneros and drummer Chris Hakius), Om is currently a trio consisting of Cisneros, Emil Amos (drums), and Tyler Trotter (guitar).


title: Om (band)

text: Om's earliest works incorporate musical structures similar to Tibetan and Byzantine chant, as heard on the debut album "Variations on a Theme". The band's name itself derives from the Hindu concept of Om, which refers to the natural vibration of the universe. Every album from "Pilgrimage" onward features Eastern Orthodox iconography in the cover art.


title: Om (band)

text: On December 5, 2007, Om performed in Jerusalem. Their performance lasted for over five hours and a portion of that show was released on 12" vinyl by Southern Lord as "Live at Jerusalem".


title: Om (band)

text: The band's 2007 album "Pilgrimage" was chosen as Mojo Magazine's "Underground Album of the Year". In that same year, Om famously played two multiple-hour shows, with one show in Jerusalem rumored to last somewhere between four and six hours.


title: Om (band)

text: On January 31, 2008, Chris Hakius left the band and was replaced by drummer Emil Amos of Grails. On the last tour with Hakius songs that would later become "Gebel Barkal" and "Thebes" were being performed live.


title: Om (band)

text: On August 15, 2008, Om released a 7" 45 entitled "Gebel Barkal" for Sub Pop's Singles Club. A live vinyl-only LP, "Conference Live", followed in 2009 on Important Records.


title: Om (band)

text: Om's fourth full-length studio album, "God is Good", was recorded by Steve Albini and released by Drag City on September 29, 2009.


title: Om (band)

text: The band's fifth studio album, "Advaitic Songs", was released by Drag City on July 24, 2012. It met with critical acclaim.


title: Om (band)

text: In November 2013, the band played the final holiday camp edition of the world famous All Tomorrow's Parties festival in Camber Sands, England.


title: Player Piano (novel)

text: Player Piano is the first novel by American writer Kurt Vonnegut Jr., published in 1952. The novel depicts a dystopia of automation partly inspired by the author's time working at General Electric, describing the negative impact technology can have on quality of life. The story takes place in a near-future society that is almost totally mechanized, eliminating the need for human laborers. The widespread mechanization creates conflict between the wealthy upper class, the engineers and managers, who keep society running, and the lower class, whose skills and purpose in society have been replaced by machines. The book uses irony and sentimentality, which were to become hallmarks developed further in Vonnegut's later works.


title: Player Piano (novel)

text: While most Americans were fighting in the third world war, the nation's managers and engineers responded by developing ingenious automated systems that allowed factories to operate with only a few workers. Ten years after the war, most workers have now been replaced by machines. The polarisation of the population is represented by the division of Ilium, New York into "The Homestead", where every person not a manager or an engineer lives – added to by the growing number of those displaced from that status – and the industrialized north side of the river, inhabited by those who service and develop the machines.


title: Player Piano (novel)

text: The novel develops two parallel plotlines that converge only briefly at the beginning and the end of the story. The more prominent plot centers on Dr. Paul Proteus, the intelligent, 35-year-old manager of Ilium Works. The secondary plot follows the American tour of the Shah of Bratpuhr, a spiritual leader of six million residents in a distant, underdeveloped nation. These provide contrasting perspectives: that of Paul, as the embodiment of what a man within the American industrial system should strive to be; and the other of a visitor from a contrasting culture, but in which there is also a simple binary social system.


title: Player Piano (novel)

text: The main story follows Paul's development from an uncritical cog in the system to one of its critics. Paul's father had held a supremo status that had given him almost complete control over the nation's economy. Paul has inherited his father's reputation but harbors an uneasy dissatisfaction with the industrial system and his own contribution to society. His acknowledgement of that feeling is heightened when Ed Finnerty, an old friend whom Paul holds in high regard, informs him that he has quit his important engineering job in Washington, DC.


title: Player Piano (novel)

text: Paul and Finnerty visit the "Homestead" section of town, where workers who have been displaced by machines live out their meaningless lives in mass-produced houses. There they meet Lasher, an Episcopal minister with a M.A. in anthropology, who helps the two engineers realize the unfairness of the system from which they have profited. Eventually learning that Lasher is the leader of a rebel group known as the "Ghost Shirt Society," Finnerty instantly takes up with him. Paul is not yet bold enough to make a clean break until his superiors ask him to betray Finnerty and Lasher.


title: Player Piano (novel)

text: Paul purchases a rundown farm with the intention of starting a new life there with his wife, Anita. She, however, is disgusted by the prospect of such a radically different and less privileged lifestyle. "Of all the people on the north side of the river, Anita was the only one whose contempt for those in Homestead was laced with active hatred... If Paul …hadn't married her, this was where she'd be, what she'd be." But for the moment she uses her sexual hold on Paul to convince him to stay and compete with two other engineers, Dr. Shepherd and Dr. Garth, for a more prominent position in Pittsburgh.


title: Player Piano (novel)

text: While Paul takes part in the annual managerial bonding event at "the Meadows", his superiors tell him that he has been chosen to infiltrate the "Ghost Shirt Society," and rumors of his disloyalty to the system are circulated. Then, after arriving in Homestead, he is kidnapped and drugged by Society operatives and later made the organization's public (but largely nominal) figurehead. Paul's name is famous and so the organization intends to use it to their advantage. However, in the first committee meeting that Paul attends, he is captured during a police raid.


title: Player Piano (novel)

text: Paul is now put on public trial but is freed as the general population begins to riot, destroying the automated factories. The mob, once unleashed, now goes further than the leaders had planned, destroying all means of production regardless of usefulness. Despite the brief and impressive success of the rebellion, the military quickly surrounds the town, while the population begins to use their innate abilities to rebuild the machines of their own volition. Paul, Finnerty, Lasher, and other committee members of the Society acknowledge that at least they have made a stand against the government's oppressive system before surrendering themselves.


title: Player Piano (novel)

text: The automation of industry and the effect that it has on society are the predominant themes of "Player Piano". It is "a novel about people and machines, and machines frequently got the best of it, as machines will." More specifically, it delves into a theme to which Vonnegut returns, "a problem whose queasy horrors will eventually be made world-wide by the sophistication of machines. The problem is this: How to love people who have no use." Unlike much dystopian fiction, the novel's society was created by indifference, both of the populace and the technology that replaced it. As such, it is the sense of purposelessness of those living in a capitalistic society that has outgrown a need for them that must be rectified.


title: Player Piano (novel)

text: Mankind's blind faith in technology and its usually-disastrous effect on society as well as the dehumanization of the poor or oppressed later became common themes throughout Vonnegut's work. Throughout his life, Vonnegut continued to believe the novel's themes were of relevance to society, writing, for example, in 1983 that the novel was becoming "more timely with each passing day."


title: Player Piano (novel)

text: "Player Piano" displays the beginnings of the idiosyncratic style that Vonnegut developed and employed throughout much of his career. It has early inklings of the hallmark Vonnegutian flair of using meta-fiction, such as when a writer's wife describes her husband's dilemma to the Shah of Bratpuhr in the back of the limousine: that the writer's "anti-machine" novel cannot get a passing "readability quotient" under the reading machine's scoring algorithm. However, the fourth wall does not get broken, as in later writings. His style of self-contained chapters "of no more than five hundred words, often as few as fifty," which would come to define his writing, had yet to be developed.


title: Player Piano (novel)

text: In a 1973 interview Vonnegut discussed his inspiration to write the book: I was working for General Electric at the time, right after World War II, and I saw a milling machine for cutting the rotors on jet engines, gas turbines. This was a very expensive thing for a machinist to do, to cut what is essentially one of those Brâncuși forms. So they had a computer-operated milling machine built to cut the blades, and I was fascinated by that. This was in 1949 and the guys who were working on it were foreseeing all sorts of machines being run by little boxes and punched cards. "Player Piano" was my response to the implications of having everything run by little boxes. The idea of doing that, you know, made sense, perfect sense. To have a little clicking box make all the decisions wasn't a vicious thing to do. But it was too bad for the human beings who got their dignity from their jobs. In the same interview he acknowledges that he "cheerfully ripped off the plot of "Brave New World", whose plot had been cheerfully ripped off from Yevgeny Zamyatin's "We"."


title: Player Piano (novel)

text: A player piano is a modified piano that "plays itself." The piano keys move according to a pattern of holes punched in an unwinding scroll. Unlike a music synthesizer, the instrument actually produces the sound itself, with the keys moving up and down, driving hammers that strike the strings. Like its counterpart, a player piano can be played by hand as well. When a roll is run through the instrument, the movement of its keys produce the illusion that an invisible performer is playing the instrument. Vonnegut uses the player piano as a metaphor to represent how even the most simple of activities, such as teaching oneself how to play the piano in one's spare time, has been replaced by machines instead of people. Early in the book, Paul Proteus's friend and future member of the Ghost Shirt Society, Ed Finnerty, is shown manually playing a player piano, suggesting the idea of humans reclaiming their animus from the machines. The book's most tragic character is Rudy Hertz, the machinist who was the prototype recorded by the machines. They are player pianos replicating his physical motions.


title: Player Piano (novel)

text: This satirical take on industrialization and the rhetoric of General Electric and the big corporations, which discussed arguments very topical in the postwar United States, was instead advertised by the publisher with the more innocuous and marketable label of "science fiction," a genre that was booming in mass popular culture in the 1950s. Vonnegut, surprised by that reception, wrote, "I learned from reviewers that I was a science-fiction author. I didn't know that." He was distressed because he felt that science fiction was shoved in a drawer which "many serious critics regularly mistake... for a urinal" because "[t]he feeling persists that no one can simultaneously be a respectable writer and understand how a refrigerator works."


title: Player Piano (novel)

text: "Player Piano" was later released in paperback by Bantam Books in 1954 under the title Utopia 14 in an effort to drive sales with readers of science fiction. Paul Proteus' trial was dramatized in the 1972 TV movie "Between Time and Timbuktu", which presented elements from various works by Vonnegut.


title: Player Piano (novel)

text: In 2009, Audible.com produced an audio version of Player Piano, narrated by Christian Rummel, as part of its Modern Vanguard line of audiobooks.


title: Player Piano (novel)

text: In the Italian translation, "Player Piano" is rendered as "Piano meccanico", a double-entendre, which, without any other words in the phrase, can mean either "player piano" or "mechanical plan."


title: Player Piano (novel)

text: The science fiction anthologist Groff Conklin reviewed the novel in "Galaxy Science Fiction", declaring it "a biting, vividly alive and very effectively understated anti-Utopia." The founding editors of "The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction", Anthony Boucher and J. Francis McComas, named "Player Piano" to their "year's best" list, describing it as "Human, satirical, and exciting;... by far the most successful of the recent attempts to graft science fiction onto the serious 'straight' novel." They praised Vonnegut for "blending skillfully a psychological study of the persistent human problems in a mechanistically 'ideal' society, a vigorous melodramatic story-line, and a sharp Voltairean satire.


title: Enrique Arce

text: Arce was born in Valencia, Spain on 8 October 1972. He originally went to university to study law, but during his fourth year, he decided to move into acting. He won "Ellos i Elles", a Valencian television show on Canal Nou, and used the 2 million pesetas ("circa" £10,000/ $15,000) prize money to pay for his studies at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. He has developed his career in Spain and abroad.


title: Enrique Arce

text: He was married to the actress Cristina Peña, and lived with Olympic synchronised swimmer Gemma Mengual from 2005 to 2008.


title: Gloria Leonard

text: Gloria Leonard (born Gale Sandra Klinetsky; August 28, 1940 – February 3, 2014) was an American pornographic actress during the Golden Age of Porn (1969–1984) who later became the publisher of "High Society" magazine. As a board member of Adult Video Association and its successor the Free Speech Coalition, Leonard was an outspoken advocate for the adult film industry and free speech rights.


title: Gloria Leonard

text: In the 1960s, Leonard was a registered representative for the bond trading firm of Schweickert & Company. She later went into public relations and worked for Elektra Records. Later in the 1970s, she worked for a film production company in the Caribbean. Upon her return to New York, looking for work, she contacted casting agent Dorothy Palmer, who apparently failed to tell Leonard that the acting role she cast her in was for an adult film.


title: Gloria Leonard

text: Leonard began appearing in hardcore pornography in 1974 and appeared in approximately 40 film/projects from 1976 to 1984, in films including "Odyssey: The Ultimate Trip" (1977), directed by Gerard Damiano, "The Trouble With Young Stuff", "All About Gloria Leonard" (both of which were written and directed by Joseph W. Sarno), "Fortune Smiles", "Maraschino Cherry" and "Taboo: American Style". She is best known for her role in "The Opening of Misty Beethoven", Radley Metzger’s erotic reimagining of George Bernard Shaw’s play "Pygmalion". She retired from acting in 1984.


title: Gloria Leonard

text: In 1977, she was hired as the publisher of "High Society" magazine, a position she held for 14 years while continuing to act and appear in films. She was hired by the magazine's publisher Carl Ruderman, who wanted a female publisher of a men's magazine. Adult-industry historian Ashley West stated in an interview that Ruderman expected her to be a figurehead, but that she took the position seriously. West said, "Gloria really would visit wholesalers herself, had relationships with all the distributors, would hire and fire staff, would supervise layouts, would recommend and decide upon the content, so really became a hands-on editor, at least in the first five or six years of her stint at "High Society.""


title: Gloria Leonard

text: Leonard is also credited with two successful ideas that each became cottage industries: the publishing of nude celebrity photos and phone sex lines. Starting out as a feature that showcased risqué photos of celebrities like Jodie Foster and Goldie Hawn, usually lifted from film stills, the former became a spin-off venture of "High Society" called "Celebrity Skin" magazine in 1986. Over its 25-year run Margot Kidder, Ann-Margret and Barbra Streisand unsuccessfully attempted to sue the magazine after it published nude photos of them.


title: Gloria Leonard

text: Leonard is credited with being one of the first people to use "976 numbers" for promotional purposes and as a revenue stream: this later became known as the "phone sex" industry. Initially Leonard recorded her own voice informing callers of the contents of the next issue of "High Society" magazine before its publication. Later she recorded others, such as Annie Sprinkle, "talking sexy". Leonard convinced magazine owner Ruderman to purchase more of these numbers and the business began to be successful using the magazine to promote the service.


title: Gloria Leonard

text: Early in her career she was interviewed by a magazine for an article titled "The Parkway All-Stars" (after the Mosholu Parkway in the Bronx) about a group of overachievers who grew up within a 15-block radius. The article also featured interviews with actor Robert Klein, actress Penny Marshall (and her brother, TV producer Garry Marshall) and fashion designers Calvin Klein and Ralph Lauren. Leonard remarked to a colleague, "Yeah, I knew Ralph Lauren when he was Ralph Lipschitz."


title: Gloria Leonard

text: Leonard was also presenter at an awards ceremony for "Video Review" magazine that was emceed by Klein. She recalled in an interview, "When he introduced me he told the audience, 'For 15 years I walked to school with this woman and I saw more of her in three minutes of Misty Beethoven than I saw in all of those 15 years.'"


title: Gloria Leonard

text: Leonard appeared in a documentary film by Melissa Monet called "Porn—It's A Living". Leonard delivered the film's opening line: "Not too many people are going to be proud saying, 'Look at my daughter, look how good she sucks cock.'"


title: Gloria Leonard

text: She had a role as a salesperson on "Simon & Simon" in 1984, in the episode "Manna from Heaven". Leonard had also been a guest on several talk shows, including "Oprah", "Geraldo", "Maury", "Larry King", "Morton Downey Jr.", and "Howard Stern". She has also hosted her own television shows - "The Leonard Report: For Adults Only" and later, "Gloria Leonard's Hot Shopper Hour".


title: Gloria Leonard

text: Leonard helped found and was a lifetime member of one of the industry's earliest adult actress support groups. Started in 1984, the group was named "Club 90" and initially met at Annie Sprinkle's home at "90 Lexington Avenue" in New York. Other members included Veronica Vera, Veronica Hart, Annie Sprinkle, and Candida Royalle.


title: Gloria Leonard

text: She also served as administrative director of the Adult Film and Video Association of America, the adult film industry trade association, from 1989 to 1992, until that organization merged with the Free Speech Coalition. In 1998, she was elected president of the FSC. She was also president of the AFVAA in 1986.


title: Gloria Leonard

text: Leonard was a feminist and free speech advocate, and debated on the issues of pornography and censorship and their impact on the women's movement at several colleges and universities. For several years in the 1980s she debated representatives from the feminist organization Women Against Pornography at numerous college campuses.


title: Gloria Leonard

text: She won the Best Actress award for "Taboo, American Style" from the AFAA. Leonard is a member of the X-Rated Critics Organization (XRCO) Hall of Fame and Adult Video News (AVN) Hall of Fame.


title: Gloria Leonard

text: Leonard was Jewish and raised in the Bronx neighborhood of New York City. She was a single mother, more mature than most porn ingenues, and had had other occupations, such as a Wall Street broker and publicist. She was formerly married to adult-film producer/director Bobby Hollander. Her first two marriages ended in divorce. She was separated from Hollander, her third husband, when he died in 2002.


title: Gloria Leonard

text: In a chance meeting in an Upper East Side New York restaurant in 1982, Leonard first met author/playwright Norman Mailer. Mailer, a noted womanizer, struck up a conversation with Leonard after recognizing her. The meeting was rumored to have led to an affair between the two, but it did not last long.


title: Gloria Leonard

text: Later on, Leonard was approached by a group of movie distributors from the Midwest to finance what was described as "the world's first million-dollar pornographic movie." She invited Mailer to lunch and made her pitch. In an interview Leonard said that the author "sat straight up in his chair and said, 'I always knew I'd one day make a porny.'" Leonard then asked what his fee would be and Mailer responded with "Two-hundred fifty thousand". The project later ended due to scheduling conflicts between the two.


title: Gloria Leonard

text: Leonard had made her home in Waimea, Hawaii, in what proved to be her last years. Either on January 31, 2014, or in the early hours of February 1, she suffered a massive stroke there. Not found for approximately 24 hours afterward, she was transported to a nearby hospital. As a result of the stroke, Leonard was left with extensive brain damage, and she died on February 3, 2014, at the age of 73, after having her life-support systems disconnected.


title: Liam Rosenior

text: Liam James Rosenior (born 9 July 1984) is an English retired professional footballer who is the current manager of Hull City. He played either as a full-back or winger. A son of former player and manager Leroy Rosenior, who spent time on loan at Torquay United, where his father was manager, during their promotion season in 2003–04. He also played for Bristol City, Fulham, Reading, Ipswich Town, Hull City and Brighton & Hove Albion. On 3 November 2022, Rosenior was appointed Head Coach at Hull City.


title: Liam Rosenior

text: Born in London, Rosenior started his career with Bristol City as a promising midfielder. Arguably his best moment came when he scored the second goal in a 2–0 victory for Bristol City against Carlisle United in the 2003 Football League Trophy Final at the Millennium Stadium. In the first round of Bristol City's cup run they defeated Queens Park Rangers on penalties, and it was Rosenior who scored the winning penalty in the shootout. In November 2003 he signed for Fulham.


title: Liam Rosenior

text: On 22 September 2004, Rosenior was sent off on his Fulham debut in a 4–1 League Cup second round win at Boston United when he received a second yellow card in injury time for diving. He would not make his Premiership debut for the club until 13 December when he impressed in a 1–1 home draw with Manchester United, earning him the Sky Sports Man of the Match award. Rosenior's first season at Craven Cottage would end as it began when he was sent off in a 3–1 win at Blackburn on 7 May for pushing over Robbie Savage in the 70th minute. Rosenior soon became popular amongst Fulham fans due to his Afro hairstyle. During a match against Manchester City Rosenior made a seemingly impossible goal line clearance while the score was at 1–1, Fulham going on to win the game 2–1 with Steed Malbranque scoring in the last minute. Rosenior later told reporters that he was able to clear the ball in that manner due to his Afro hairstyle. He scored once for Fulham, in a League Cup tie against Lincoln City on 21 September 2005.


title: Liam Rosenior

text: He signed a four-year extension to his Fulham contract in July 2006, but left Fulham for Reading on 31 August 2007 for an undisclosed fee on a three-year contract, with Seol Ki-Hyeon going the other way. His debut for Reading came in a 2–1 defeat to Sunderland on 15 September 2007, and he scored his first goal for Reading in a 7–4 defeat to Portsmouth on 29 September 2007, although it was initially awarded to Stephen Hunt.


title: Liam Rosenior

text: On 2 September 2009 Rosenior joined Ipswich Town on loan for the remainder of 2009–10 season. He scored his first goal for Ipswich against Barnsley on 3 October 2009.


title: Liam Rosenior

text: On 29 October 2010 Rosenior joined Hull City on a short-term agreement until 1 January 2011. He made his debut the following day in the away match at Barnsley. He signed a -year deal with Hull on 21 December 2010. Saying "I'm delighted, It's something that we kind of half agreed when I first came here, but it relied on the takeover being completed for me to stay."


title: Liam Rosenior

text: On 18 August 2013, Rosenior was an unused substitute as Hull lost 2–0 against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge on the opening weekend of the season. On 22 March 2014, Rosenior scored his only goal for Hull City when heading the rebound in from a Nikica Jelavić penalty that was saved by West Bromwich Albion goalkeeper Ben Foster. On 17 May 2014 he started in the 2014 FA Cup Final against Arsenal.


title: Liam Rosenior

text: On 28 May 2015, Hull City released Rosenior and five other players who were out of contract at the end of the 2014–15 season.


title: Liam Rosenior

text: On 23 June 2015, Rosenior signed for Brighton & Hove Albion on a three-year deal following his release from Hull City. He retired from playing on 30 July 2018.


title: Liam Rosenior

text: Following his retirement from playing, Rosenior remained at Brighton, taking up the position of assistant coach with Brighton's under-23 team, which he combined with appearing as a pundit on Sky Sports.


title: Liam Rosenior

text: On 10 July 2019, Rosenior was appointed as specialist first team coach to Phillip Cocu at Derby County.


title: Liam Rosenior

text: He was appointed assistant manager of Derby County on 15 January 2021 following the appointment of Wayne Rooney as manager.


title: Liam Rosenior

text: Following Rooney's resignation on 24 June 2022, Rosenior was made interim manager of Derby County. He was relieved of his duties as manager on 21 September 2022 while still employed by the club as Derby sought a permanent manager. Following the appointment of Paul Warne, Rosenior left the club.


title: Liam Rosenior

text: On 3 November 2022, Rosenior was appointed head coach at Hull City on a two-and-a-half year deal, returning to the club where he made 161 appearances between 2010 and 2015.


title: Liam Rosenior

text: Rosenior was born in England, and is of Sierra Leonean descent through his father, Leroy Rosenior, who was an international footballer for Sierra Leone. Rosenior was called up to the England U21 squad in March 2005, and made his debut in a 2–2 draw with Germany U21 on 25 March 2005, closely followed by a second cap in a 2–0 win over Azerbaijan U21 on 29 March 2005 His performances earned him a call up to the England U20 squad for the Toulon Tournament in June 2005, where he played three times and scored one goal.


title: Liam Rosenior

text: However, it would be over a year and a half before he would add to his England U21 caps, with the next one coming against Netherlands U21 on 14 November 2006. Rosenior made it into the squad for the 2007 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, but only made one appearance, as a substitute in the semi final against Holland U21. He took part in the shootout in this game, scoring his penalty as England lost 13–12. Due to his age, this would prove to be his seventh and last appearance for the England U21 team.


title: Breakdown voltage

text: The breakdown voltage of an insulator is the minimum voltage that causes a portion of an insulator to experience electrical breakdown and become electrically conductive.


title: Breakdown voltage

text: For diodes, the breakdown voltage is the minimum reverse voltage that makes the diode conduct appreciably in reverse. Some devices (such as TRIACs) also have a "forward breakdown voltage".


title: Breakdown voltage

text: Materials are often classified as conductors or insulators based on their resistivity. A conductor is a substance which contains many mobile charged particles called charge carriers which are free to move about inside the material. An electric field is created across a piece of the material by applying a voltage difference between electrical contacts on different sides of the material. The force of the field causes the charge carriers within the material to move, creating an electric current from the positive contact to the negative contact. For example, in metals one or more of the negatively charged electrons in each atom, called conduction electrons, are free to move about the crystal lattice. An electric field causes a large current to flow, so metals have low resistivity, making them good conductors. In contrast in materials like plastics and ceramics all the electrons are tightly bound to atoms, so under normal conditions there are very few mobile charge carriers in the material. Applying a voltage causes only a very small current to flow, giving the material a very high resistivity, and these are classed as insulators.


title: Breakdown voltage

text: However, if a strong enough electric field is applied, all insulators become conductors. If the voltage applied across a piece of insulator is increased, at a certain electric field strength the number of charge carriers in the material suddenly increases enormously and its resistivity drops, causing a strong current to flow through it. This is called electrical breakdown. Breakdown occurs when the electric field becomes strong enough to pull electrons from the molecules of the material, ionizing them. The released electrons are accelerated by the field and strike other atoms, creating more free electrons and ions in a chain reaction, flooding the material with charged particles. This occurs at a characteristic electric field strength in each material, measured in volts per centimeter, called its dielectric strength.


title: Breakdown voltage

text: When a voltage is applied across a piece of insulator, the electric field at each point is equal to the gradient of the voltage. The voltage gradient may vary at different points across the object, due to its shape or local variations in composition. Electrical breakdown occurs when the field first exceeds the dielectric strength of the material in some region of the object. Once one area has broken down and become conductive, that area has almost no voltage drop and the full voltage is applied across the remaining length of the insulator, resulting in a higher gradient and electric field, causing additional areas in the insulator to break down. The breakdown quickly spreads in a conductive path through the insulator until it extends from the positive to the negative contact. The voltage at which this occurs is called the "breakdown voltage" of that object. Breakdown voltage varies with the material composition, shape of an object, and the length of material between the electrical contacts.


title: Breakdown voltage

text: Breakdown voltage is a characteristic of an insulator that defines the maximum voltage difference that can be applied across the material before the insulator conducts. In solid insulating materials, this usually creates a weakened path within the material by creating permanent molecular or physical changes by the sudden current. Within rarefied gases found in certain types of lamps, breakdown voltage is also sometimes called the "striking voltage".


title: Breakdown voltage

text: The breakdown voltage of a material is not a definite value because it is a form of failure and there is a statistical probability whether the material will fail at a given voltage. When a value is given it is usually the mean breakdown voltage of a large sample. Another term is "withstand voltage", where the probability of failure at a given voltage is so low it is considered, when designing insulation, that the material will not fail at this voltage.


title: Breakdown voltage

text: Two different breakdown voltage measurements of a material are the AC and impulse breakdown voltages. The AC voltage is the line frequency of the mains. The impulse breakdown voltage is simulating lightning strikes, and usually uses a 1.2 microsecond rise for the wave to reach 90% amplitude, then drops back down to 50% amplitude after 50 microseconds.


title: Breakdown voltage

text: Two technical standards governing performing these tests are ASTM D1816 and ASTM D3300 published by ASTM.


title: Breakdown voltage

text: In standard conditions at atmospheric pressure, air serves as an excellent insulator, requiring the application of a significant voltage of 3.0 kV/mm before breaking down (e.g., lightning, or sparking across plates of a capacitor, or the electrodes of a spark plug). In partial vacuum, this breakdown potential may decrease to an extent that two uninsulated surfaces with different potentials might induce the electrical breakdown of the surrounding gas. This may damage an apparatus, as a breakdown is analogous to a short circuit.


title: Breakdown voltage

text: where formula_2 is the breakdown potential in volts DC, formula_3 and formula_4 are constants that depend on the surrounding gas, formula_5 represents the pressure of the surrounding gas, formula_6 represents the distance in centimetres between the electrodes, and formula_7 represents the Secondary Electron Emission Coefficient.


title: Breakdown voltage

text: Breakdown voltage is a parameter of a diode that defines the largest reverse voltage that can be applied without causing an exponential increase in the leakage current in the diode. Exceeding the breakdown voltage of a diode, per se, is not destructive; although, exceeding its current capacity will be. In fact, Zener diodes are essentially just heavily doped normal diodes that exploit the breakdown voltage of a diode to provide regulation of voltage levels.


title: Breakdown voltage

text: Rectifier diodes (semiconductor or tube/valve) may have several voltage ratings, such as the peak inverse voltage (PIV) across the diode, and the maximum RMS input voltage to the rectifier circuit (which will be much less).


title: Breakdown voltage

text: Many small-signal transistors need to have any breakdown currents limited to much lower values to avoid excessive heating. To avoid damage to the device, and to limit the effects excessive leakage current may have on the surrounding circuit, the following bipolar transistor maximum ratings are often specified:


title: Breakdown voltage

text: Field-effect transistors have similar maximum ratings, the most important one for junction FETs is the gate-drain voltage rating.


title: Breakdown voltage

text: Power transformers, circuit breakers, switchgear and other electrical apparatus connected to overhead transmission lines are exposed to transient lightning surge voltages induced on the power circuit. Electrical apparatus will have a "basic lightning impulse level" (BIL) specified. This is the crest value of an impulse waveform with a standardized wave shape, intended to simulate the electrical stress of a lightning surge or a surge induced by circuit switching. The BIL is coordinated with the typical operating voltage of the apparatus. For high-voltage transmission lines, the impulse level is related to the clearance to ground of energized components. As an example, a transmission line rated 138 kV would be designed for a BIL of 650 kV. A higher BIL may be specified than the minimum, where the exposure to lightning is severe.


title: The 42 (Kolkata)

text: The 42 is a residential skyscraper in Kolkata, in the state of West Bengal, India. It is located on Chowringhee Road, the central business district of the city, between the commercial building of Tata Centre and the residential building of Jeevan Sudha. It was first proposed in 2008 but construction was delayed for nearly two years. The construction of the building was completed in 2019, making it the tallest building in the country at that time.


title: The 42 (Kolkata)

text: Planned by developers Mani Group, Salarpuria Sattva Group, Alcove Realty & Diamond Group, to be Kolkata's tallest residential building. Located on Chowringhee Road, in the middle of the city, the skyscraper has 65 floors.


title: The 42 (Kolkata)

text: The developers of The 42 have faced a civil suit in the Calcutta High Court filed by ITC Limited, the owners of the adjoining 'Fountain Court' property. The suit filed by ITC claims that ITC's right to receive light and air will be violated by the 65-storeyed residential building being constructed to the west of its 'Fountain Court' property. On 19 August 2013, the Calcutta High Court passed an order that any steps taken by the developers would be subject to the outcome of the case filed by ITC. On 8 May 2014, the Court ordered that the developers of The 42 should not proceed with the construction at a pace to defeat the interests of ITC. (Calcutta High Court, GA Case No 2698 / 2013) The matter is pending before the Calcutta High Court.


title: Federal parliamentary republic

text: A federal parliamentary republic refers to a federation of states with a republican form of government that is, more or less, dependent upon the confidence of parliaments at both the national and sub-national levels. It is a combination of the government republic and the parliamentary republic.


title: Federal parliamentary republic

text: Such republics usually possess a bicameral legislature at the federal level out of necessity, so as to allow for a set, often equal number of representatives of the sub-national entities to sit in the upper house; however, the government, headed by a head of government, will be depending upon the lower house of parliament for its stability or legitimacy.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: Maximus (otherwise known as Maximus the Mad) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character has been depicted both as a member of and antagonist to the Inhumans. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, he first appeared in "Fantastic Four" #47 (February 1966).


title: Maximus (comics)

text: Maximus was portrayed in 2017 Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) television series "Inhumans" by Iwan Rheon and Aidan Fiske.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: Maximus first appeared in "Fantastic Four" #47 (February 1966), and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: Maximus, an Inhuman, was the second son of two of Attilan's top geneticists, Agon, the head of the ruling Council of Geneticists, and Rynda, director of the Prenatal Care Center. Subjected to the DNA-altering Terrigen Mist when he was an infant, Maximus peculiarly showed no outward sign of any mutagenic change. As he matured, he hid his developing psionic powers from the community, but was less successful at disguising his antisocial tendencies.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: When he was about sixteen, his elder brother Black Bolt was released from the protective chamber in which he had been confined since birth due to the destructive nature of his Terrigen mutation. One of Maximus's first responses to his brother's freedom was an unsuccessful attempt to make him release his power and prove Black Bolt could not control his sonic powers, and thus lose his freedom. A month later, Black Bolt witnesses Maximus making a treacherous pact with an emissary of the Kree, the alien race responsible for genetically accelerating the Inhumans eons before. In an attempt to stop the fleeing emissary so that he could be questioned by the ruling council, Black Bolt uses his forbidden power of the quasi-sonic scream and blasts the alien ship out of the sky. When the ship crashes to Earth, it landed on the parliament building, killing several key members of the Genetics Council, including the boys' parents. The reverberations of Black Bolt's voice also affects Maximus, addling his sanity and suppressing his nascent mental powers. When Black Bolt assumes the throne shortly thereafter, Maximus vows to oppose his brother and eventually usurp his rule.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: Maximus stages his first successful coup a few years later. By performing an illegal experiment on the Alpha Primitives, the subhuman worker clones that once served the Inhumans, Maximus creates the Trikon, three bodiless energy beings of great destructive power. While the Trikon wreaks havoc in Attilan, Maximus is able to drive the Royal Family of Inhumans out of the city. Maximus later sends Gorgon in search of the amnesiac Medusa. In the several year interval before Black Bolt and his cousins locate her in America, Maximus rules Attilan in Black Bolt's stead. Secure in his position, Maximus has his servant, the Seeker, locate the Royal Family and bring them back to Attilan. Upon doing so, Black Bolt seizes the crown back, to Maximus' dismay. Maximus also encounters the Fantastic Four for the first time. Maximus, hoping to win back the public's affection, activates the Atmo-Gun device he has been working on, a machine he believes will kill the human race and leave all other living beings intact. Maximus miscalculates, however, and the device has no effect. Out of spite, Maximus uses the device to erect a "negative zone" barrier (not to be confused with the anti-matter dimension of that name) that encases Attilan in a dark force sphere, imprisoning the entire race inside. Black Bolt liberates his people by using his quasi-sonic voice to destroy the barrier, at the price of devastating Attilan's ancient architecture.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: Maximus then allies himself with six Inhuman criminals, sentenced for their treachery and subversive acts by Black Bolt with his verdict being interpreted by Oracle. Freeing Falcona, Aireo, Stallior, Nebulo, Leonus, and Timberius from their place of imprisonment with the Hulk's aid, Maximus then tricks the Hulk into breaching the protective barrier guarding a forbidden chemical substance created by the Inhuman scientist Romnar centuries ago. This substance had certain highly unstable energy absorbing capacities and Maximus intends to use it to usurp the throne again, but Black Bolt overpowers him before he can do so.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: Maximus succeeds in bringing about his second coup some months later. Drugging the Royal Family with will-deadening "hypno-potions", Maximus takes the crown from Black Bolt and has the Royal Family imprisoned. Before he can activate his Hypno-Gun, which he believes will make all mankind surrender to his will, the Royal Family escapes and subdues him. Escaping Attilan with his band of renegades in a rocket, Maximus lands in the South American country of Costa Salvador, and attempts to build a will-deadening device similar to his Hypno-Gun. His plans are opposed by the Hulk and the United States Army, however, and he and his allies are forced to flee again.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: Maximus later foments a battle between the Royal Family and the Fantastic Four. Returning to Attilan, Maximus is welcomed back by his brother Black Bolt, who prefers Maximus to be somewhere he can be watched. Black Bolt detects that Maximus's psionic powers, suppressed since he was an adolescent, are beginning to return. Offering no explanation, Black Bolt has Maximus placed in a suspended animation capsule, inside which he cannot use his powers. Black Bolt's cousin Gorgon, however, objects to Black Bolt's inhumane treatment of Maximus and frees the latter. Maximus immediately uses his mental powers to subjugate the minds of the Inhuman populace and to give Black Bolt amnesia. Maximus then restores the dark force barrier around Attilan and begins negotiations with the alien Kree to sell certain Inhumans to the Kree to be used as soldiers. Eventually Black Bolt's memory returns, and alongside the Avengers, he returns to Attilan and once again destroys the barrier. The Avengers drive the Kree agent away before he can accomplish his mission and Black Bolt liberates the enslaved Inhumans.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: With his mental powers traumatically submerged, Maximus escapes strict punishment for his treachery by feigning insanity. He then begins work on his next project to usurp the throne, the construction of the android Omega, whose power source is supposedly the collective guilt evinced by the Inhuman populace over their treatment of the subhuman Alpha Primitives. The Fantastic Four helps the Royal Family thwart the construct, and the damage it causes was slight. Maximus stages his fourth successful coup a short time later after the Royal Family briefly leaves Attilan on business. Taking Crystal and her husband Quicksilver captive, Maximus forces Black Bolt to give him the crown in order to spare their lives. Black Bolt does so, and allows himself to be placed in captivity. Maximus reestablishes contact with the Kree and negotiates a deal where the Kree would take all of the Inhumans with extraordinary abilities, leaving him the other half of the population to rule. Triton and Karnak rescue most of Maximus's captives and outwit the Kree agent Shatterstar. Unaware of that victory, Black Bolt lets loose with his quasi-sonic scream in agony, once again leveling the city. Angered by what had happened, Black Bolt strikes Maximus for the first time and has him imprisoned.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: Maximus then allies himself with the Enclave, a band of human scientists who capture Medusa. The Enclave wants to conquer Attilan and dispatches an aerial strike force. When the Enclave threatens to execute Medusa, however, Maximus turns on them out of unrequited passion for his brother's betrothed. A weapon Maximus is manning overloads, leaving Maximus in a deathlike coma. Black Bolt has his brother's body placed in a special crypt, and when Attilan is transported from the Earth to the Moon, Maximus accompanies it. On the moon, Maximus's mind makes contact with an alien power crystal located there, and it reawakened his dormant mental powers. When Black Bolt next comes to pay his respects to his brother, Maximus is able to use his power to affect a transfer of consciousness between them. For several months Maximus rules Attilan in Black Bolt's body as Black Bolt lay imprisoned. Reestablishing contact with the Enclave, Maximus helps them implement meteoroid launchers with which they intend to bombard Earth. With the aid of the Avengers, Maximus' switch is discovered, and the Enclave's schemes are foiled. Maximus is forced to return to his rightful body and was once again placed in solitary confinement.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: His next plot carried out from his prison cell involves the Inhuman Woz, and almost results in Attilan being conquered by Earth forces. It is foiled by Black Bolt and Medusa, who arrange for Attilan to be teleported away before its destruction.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: During the 2007 miniseries "Silent War", Maximus again plots his revenge, taunting Black Bolt from his prison and trying to sway a distressed Medusa on his side. He manages to convince Medusa to try to have Luna help "cure" him, only for Luna to realize too late that the "cure" instead allows Maximus to gain control over all the other Inhumans. After the enhanced Marines managed to destroy Attilan, Maximus usurps the throne of the Inhumans from Black Bolt, taking Medusa as his queen, and announcing a new plan to conquer Earth.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: During the 2008 "Secret Invasion" storyline, Maximus was initially indifferent to the threat of the Skrulls. When it was discovered that Ahura was a Skrull in disguise, however, Maximus defeated it.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: In the 2009 "War of Kings", storyline Black Bolt has retaken the throne of the Inhumans. Maximus is still free and serves as Black Bolt's science advisor, devising war machines for the Kree to use against their adversaries, the Shi'ar. After Black Bolt's vanishing, during a time when the ruling of the various empires is up for dispute, Maximus is seen under the close supervision of Gorgon. His desires for something, anything to rule, are swiftly dismissed.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: In the pages of "Death of the Inhumans," Maximus is at New Arctilan when the Kree begin their campaign to get the Inhumans to join them or die. The Super-Inhuman Vox and the Kree with him are on New Arctilan and began murdering every Inhuman they come across, old or new. Armed with all of the Inhumans’ abilities and no humanity, Vox easily cuts his prey down with his powers or his literal energy scythe. Even Maximus cannot defeat Vox as he quickly losing an arm for even making the attempt. Pretty soon, Lockjaw arrived and stood up with Maximus to attempted to stop Vox on their own but things did not go so well and Vox fired an enormous blast, ripping a hole in both of them. It was later revealed that the Kree took his body and placed it in a Vox costume where he was brainwashed to serve the Kree. When Beta Ray Bill took down Vox during his confrontation with Black Bolt, it broke the brainwashing on Maximus as something on Vox's costume teleported her away while also killing Maximus.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: Maximus has a genius-level intellect and great inventiveness. His mental powers granted by the mutagenic effects from exposure to Terrigen Mist give him the ability to numb, override, and even wipe out a person's mind. He has the ability to induce short-term amnesia in others, and the ability to exchange his consciousness with another's. Maximus's mental powers have a limited range as well as variability - he can only affect minds in a certain radius and only create one effect at a time. His influence generally functions while Maximus concentrates, but he has left long-buried influence in his subjects as well, which he can trigger by voice command, causing a subject to carry out embedded commands, forget, or remember.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: Maximus is superhumanly intelligent. He is an extraordinarily gifted inventor, with advanced knowledge of physics, mechanics, and biology. He has invented an Atmo-gun (able to create seismic shockwaves and "negative zone" force fields), and a Hypno-gun (able to control minds at a far distance).


title: Maximus (comics)

text: Even without using the Terrigen Mist, the Kree modifications, combined with centuries of selective breeding, have given all Inhumans certain advantages. Their average lifespan is 150 years and an Inhuman in good physical condition possesses strength, reaction time, speed, and endurance greater than the finest of human athletes. Inhumans who are in excellent physical shape can lift one ton and are physically slightly superior to the peak of normal human physical achievement. Most Inhumans are used to living in a pollution-free, germ-free environment and have difficulty tolerating air and water pollution for any length of time.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: In the alternate timeline seen in the 1995–1996 "Age of Apocalypse" storyline, Maximus was a Horseman of Apocalypse, the Horseman of Death. He operates on the Blue Area of the Moon, aboard Ship, Apocalypse's Celestial starship, whose sentient artificial intelligence is known as Ship. Maximus is served by his personal strikeforce formed by clones of the Inhuman Royal Family, which he had murdered himself, altered into monstrous forms by the Terrigen Mists, which Death has offered Apocalypse in exchange for his position. Maximus also experiments on Sunfire, who has been captured by Holocaust after the destruction of Japan, leaving him unable to control his powers. When the X-Men appear on the Moon, believing Apocalypse to be hibernating on Ship, Maximus capture the X-Men and seeks to transform them into his servants, with which he will overthrow Apocalypse. However, Cyclops, who has been sent to ensure the transfer of the Mists, attacks the betrayer Death and liberate the X-Men with the aid of Blink. Maximus dies, alongside his servants, in the destruction of Ship caused by Sunfire, whose powers flare out of control after he was released.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: In an alternate take on Marvel 2099, called "Marvel Knights 2099", the Inhumans are in a space station named Atillan, having left Earth decades ago. Here they await the cryogenic awakening of Black Bolt. The leader of the Council greets Black Bolt and has Lockjaw teleport them to the throne room for privacy. The leader announces that he killed the rest of the Inhumans Royal Family in cryogenic suspension, taking special pleasure in killing Medusa, and took over. The leader reveals himself as Maximus, to Black Bolt's shock and anger, saying that he has used implants to extend his life in order to see Black Bolt vulnerable, at his boiling point. Maximus pleads with Black Bolt to release his power and destroy everything - the station, the legacy, and Maximus himself. Black Bolt finally lets go and in one whisper, destroys everything. The one shot ends with Black Bolt crying and dying in space among the wreckage.


title: Maximus (comics)

text: In the Ultimate Marvel reality, Maximus is introduced in "Ultimate Fantastic Four Annual" #1 along with the other Inhumans. He is the brother of Black Bolt and the fiancé of Crystal. She refuses to marry him referring to him as a "stunted little peacock" and calling him mad.


title: Lucas (1986 film)

text: Lucas is a 1986 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David Seltzer and starring Corey Haim, Kerri Green, Charlie Sheen, and Courtney Thorne-Smith. Thorne-Smith and Winona Ryder made their film debuts in "Lucas."


title: Lucas (1986 film)

text: Lucas Blye is an intelligent 14-year-old high school student in suburban Chicago. He becomes acquainted with Maggie, an attractive older girl who has just moved to town. After meeting Lucas on one of his entomological quests, Maggie befriends him, spending time with him during the remainder of the summer until school begins.


title: Lucas (1986 film)

text: Lucas, who finds himself a frequent victim of bullying and teasing, has a protector of sorts in Cappie Roew, an older student and football player. Cappie was once one of Lucas' tormentors, until Cappie contracted hepatitis and Lucas, for reasons no one ever knew, brought him his homework every day, ensuring that Cappie did not fail and have to repeat a year of school.


title: Lucas (1986 film)

text: Even though Lucas deems it beneath her, Maggie becomes a cheerleader for the football team in order to get closer to Cappie, on whom she has a growing crush. Angered and offended by Maggie's inattention towards him, Lucas begins to chastise Maggie, continuing to dismiss her cheerleading as "superficial" and incorrectly assuming that she will be his date to an upcoming school dance. Maggie complains to Lucas that she's interested in activities other than being with him.


title: Lucas (1986 film)

text: On the night of the dance, Cappie is dumped by his girlfriend Alise over his attraction to Maggie, which she has been noticing. A depressed Cappie finds comfort with Maggie at her house—much to the chagrin of Lucas, who has arrived, in tuxedo, to pick her up for the dance. Even though Cappie and Maggie invite him out for pizza, he rebukes them and rides off on his bike. Rina, one of Lucas' friends, encounters Lucas as he sits alone, watching the dance from across a lake. Although she has feelings for Lucas, she puts them aside to console him about he and Maggie being "from two different worlds". On the way home, Lucas happens to ride by the pizza parlor and is crushed to see Maggie and Cappie kissing on their date.


title: Lucas (1986 film)

text: In a last-ditch attempt to impress Maggie and gain the respect he so desperately craves, the diminutive Lucas joins the football team. In the shower after practice, Lucas endures yet another prank from his constant tormentors Bruno and Spike. At the end of the day, Lucas flees in embarrassment to his favorite hiding place (beneath a railroad overpass near the school) and Maggie chases him to talk with him. After Maggie tells him that she wants him to be her friend, Lucas tries to kiss her. Maggie recoils, and a heartbroken Lucas screams at her to leave.


title: Lucas (1986 film)

text: The next day at the football game, Lucas removes his helmet during a play and is seriously injured after being tackled and is rushed to the hospital. Maggie, Cappie, and Rina attempt to contact Lucas' parents, though Maggie discovers that she does not know Lucas as well as she thought she did. Correcting Maggie's misguided impression that Lucas lives in the large luxurious house where she has seen him several times, Rina shows them that Lucas lives in a dilapidated trailer in a junkyard with his alcoholic father and only works as a gardener at the large house.


title: Lucas (1986 film)

text: Meanwhile, Lucas' schoolmates hold vigil for him in the hospital as he recuperates. Maggie visits Lucas' room that evening and sternly tells him never to play football again. Lucas promises, and the two reconcile, picking up their friendship where they left off. Lucas and Maggie speculate as to where they will be when the locusts return seventeen years later; both express the hope that they will still be in touch when the locusts return again.


title: Lucas (1986 film)

text: Lucas returns to school a short time after his recovery, with schoolmates all casting surprised looks at him as he walks through the hall. Upon reaching his locker, he finds Bruno and Spike there waiting for him, but he tries to ignore them as he opens his locker. Inside is a varsity letter jacket, with Lucas's name and number on the back. As Lucas takes it out in shock, Bruno starts the "slow clap", and the entire hallway starts applauding. Maggie, Cappie, Cash, and Rina are there as well, leading the applause as Lucas raises his arms triumphantly and smiles.


title: Lucas (1986 film)

text: Reviews for "Lucas" were generally positive. Based on 22 reviews collected by the film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 73% of critics gave "Lucas" a positive review and the film has an average score of 6.5/10. On Metacritic, it has a weighted average score of 75 out of 100 based on 11 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Roger Ebert gave the film 4 out of 4 stars, calling it a film "about teenagers who are looking how to be good with each other, to care, and not simply to be filled with egotism, lust and selfishness, which is all most Hollywood movies think teenagers can experience". Ebert later included the film in his top 10 films of 1986.


title: Lucas (1986 film)

text: The film was not considered a box office success, grossing $8,200,000 in the United States. Both Corey Haim and Kerri Green were nominated for a Young Artist Award in 1987.


title: Yordano Ventura

text: Yordano Ventura Hernández (; June 3, 1991 – January 22, 2017) was a Dominican professional baseball pitcher for the Kansas City Royals of Major League Baseball (MLB). Ventura made his MLB debut on September 17, 2013. Known as a power pitcher, his fastball topped out at 102 mph in his career. He won the 2015 World Series with the Royals. On January 22, 2017, Ventura was killed in a car crash in the Dominican Republic.


title: Yordano Ventura

text: Ventura was born in Samaná, Dominican Republic, in 1991. After quitting school at the age of 14, he worked in construction until joining a Kansas City Royals academy.


title: Yordano Ventura

text: Ventura signed with the Kansas City Royals as an international free agent in 2008, receiving a $28,000 signing bonus. He spent the next 18 months training at the Royals' academy. Ventura played for the Kane County Cougars of the Class A Midwest League in 2011. In 19 games started for the Cougars, Ventura had a 4–6 win–loss record and a 4.27 earned run average (ERA) with 88 strikeouts in innings pitched. Ventura began the 2012 season with the Wilmington Blue Rocks of the Class A-Advanced Carolina League, and was named to appear in both the Carolina-California League All-Star Game and the All-Star Futures Game. He was promoted to the Northwest Arkansas Naturals of the Class AA Texas League later that season.


title: Yordano Ventura

text: The Royals invited Ventura to spring training for 2013. Ventura began the 2013 season with Northwest Arkansas, but received a promotion to the Omaha Storm Chasers of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League (PCL) in June, after he pitched to a 2.34 earned run average (ERA) and 74 strikeouts in innings pitched with the Storm Chasers. He was again named to the World Team's roster for the All-Star Futures Game. He was named Royals’ 2013 co-Minor League Player of the Year with pitcher Lane Adams.


title: Yordano Ventura

text: The Royals promoted Ventura to the major leagues to make his debut on September 16, 2013, following the Storm Chasers' victory in the PCL championship series. He pitched for the Royals instead of pitching for the Storm Chasers in the Triple-A Baseball National Championship Game against the Durham Bulls of the International League. In three starts for the Royals, Ventura pitched to a 3.52 ERA.


title: Yordano Ventura

text: During spring training in 2014, Ventura won the final spot in the Royals' starting rotation over Danny Duffy. During the 2014 regular season, Ventura went 14–10 with a 3.20 ERA. He started the second game of the 2014 American League Division Series (ALDS) between the Royals and Angels on October 3, 2014, pitching seven innings and giving up one run, in a game the Royals won 4–1 over the Angels. In Game 2 of the World Series against the San Francisco Giants Ventura allowed two runs in a 7–2 win for the Royals. In Game 6, with the team down in the series 3–2, Ventura threw seven shutout innings in a 10–0 victory, forcing a Game 7. Prior to the game, Ventura had dedicated his performance to his friend and fellow countryman Oscar Taveras who was killed in a car crash on October 26, at age 22. Ventura pitched the game with the message "RIP O.T #18" written on his hat.


title: Yordano Ventura

text: Ventura signed a five-year, $23 million contract with the Royals before the 2015 season. Named the Royals' 2015 Opening Day starting pitcher, he started against the Chicago White Sox on April 6, 2015, where he pitched six innings until leaving the game with a right thumb cramp. He got plenty of support as the Royals won 10–1 over the White Sox.


title: Yordano Ventura

text: In April 2015, Ventura was involved in bench-clearing incidents in three consecutive starts. During an April 12 game against the Los Angeles Angels, Ventura stared down Mike Trout after a single up the middle. After Trout scored later in the inning, Ventura again confronted him and the benches cleared. During a game against the Oakland Athletics on April 18, 2015, Ventura was ejected for the first time in his MLB career after intentionally hitting Brett Lawrie with a pitch. On April 22, Ventura was fined an undisclosed amount and was not suspended for any games. The next day, Ventura exchanged words with White Sox outfielder Adam Eaton that Ventura was thought to have instigated as he fielded Eaton's ground ball, which initiated a bench-clearing brawl between the two teams. Five total players, including Ventura, were ejected. On April 25, 2015, Ventura was suspended for seven games. He had the option to appeal but dropped it on April 30, so the suspension would take effect.


title: Yordano Ventura

text: Ventura pitched to a 5.19 ERA before the Royals optioned him to Omaha on July 21. Jason Vargas, his replacement in the starting rotation, injured his elbow that night, and Ventura was recalled the next day. During the 2015 regular season, Ventura pitched to a 13–8 record with a 4.08 ERA and 156 strikeouts. He led all major league pitchers with an average fastball velocity of 96.4 miles per hour.


title: Yordano Ventura

text: On October 8, Ventura pitched Game 1 of the 2015 ALDS against the Houston Astros, exiting after two innings and giving up three earned runs in what became a 5–2 loss. In Game 4 on October 12 he pitched 5 innings in a 9–6 win over the Astros. Ventura gave up the lead in the fifth inning, but the Royals rallied to score seven runs off the Houston bullpen. Ventura started Game 2 of the ALCS on October 17 against the Toronto Blue Jays, allowing 3 runs in a 6–3 Kansas City victory. He also pitched in the Royals pennant clinching Game 6 of that series on October 23, allowing only one run. Kansas City won 4–3 and advanced to the World Series. In Game 3 of the World Series against the New York Mets, Ventura gave up five runs and was the losing pitcher. In five postseason games he pitched to a 6.43 ERA and did not earn a win. Ventura and the Royals would go on to win the World Series in 5 games.


title: Yordano Ventura

text: In a game against the Baltimore Orioles on June 7, 2016, Ventura threw several pitches inside to Manny Machado and the two exchanged words. Machado's next at-bat occurred in the fifth inning, with Baltimore leading 5–1. With the first pitch of the at-bat, Ventura hit Machado with a fastball. Machado stormed after Ventura, causing a bench-clearing brawl. Both players were ejected. Two days later, Ventura was fined an undisclosed amount and suspended nine games. On June 18, he started serving the suspension that was reduced to eight games. He finished the 2016 season with an 11–12 win–loss record and a 4.45 ERA.


title: Yordano Ventura

text: Ventura threw a fastball (four-seam, two-seam) topping out at . His repertoire of pitches also included a curveball and a change-up.


title: Yordano Ventura

text: Ventura married Maria del Pilar Sangiovanni before the 2016 season. While playing for Kansas City, he would often visit pediatric cancer wards and gave away memorabilia.


title: Yordano Ventura

text: On January 22, 2017 at age 25, Ventura died in a car crash in Juan Adrián, Dominican Republic. He lost control of his Jeep Wrangler, which flipped over on a curved road. Ventura was thrown out of the vehicle and was presumed dead by the time the authorities arrived. Ventura, who in the Dominican Republic was a member of the Águilas Cibaeñas, died the same day as teammate and Major leaguer, Andy Marte, who was killed in a separate car crash in the Dominican Republic at the age of 33. Ventura had about $20 million outstanding on his Royals contract; how that money was disbursed was dependent on an official toxicology report that was not a matter of public record.


title: Yordano Ventura

text: The Royals honored Ventura by wearing patches that read "ACE 30" on their uniforms for the 2017 season.


title: Long March 9

text: Long March 9 (, LM-9 or Changzheng 9, CZ-9) is a Chinese super-heavy carrier rocket concept that is currently under development. It is the ninth iteration of the Long March rocket family, named for the Chinese Red Army's 1934–35 Long March campaign during the Chinese Civil War.


title: Long March 9

text: Current plans call for the Long March 9 to have a maximum payload capacity of 150,000 kg to low Earth orbit (LEO), 50,000 kg to trans-lunar injection, and 44,000 kg to Mars. Its first flight is expected to occur around 2029 in advance of possible Chinese crewed lunar missions sometime during the 2030s.


title: Long March 9

text: , the CZ-9 is designed as a three-staged rocket, with a first-stage core diameter of 10 meters and using a cluster of four engines. Multiple variants of the rocket have been proposed, with CZ-9 being the largest: this 'base variant' has four additional liquid-fuel boosters strapped onto the core stage (each individual booster would be up to 5 meters in diameter) and it is this variant that has the aforementioned LEO payload capacity of 140,000 kg. In addition to the base variant, there is the CZ-9A variant which has only two additional boosters and an LEO payload capacity of 100,000 kg. Finally, there is the CZ-9B having only the bare 10-meter diameter core stage and an LEO payload capacity of 50,000 kg. The expected payload capacities of the Long March 9 place it in the class of super heavy-lift launch vehicle; the rocket's development program was formally approved by the Chinese government in 2021.


title: Long March 9

text: On 24 June 2021, Long Lehao, chief designer of the Long March series, provided some updates regarding the Long March 9 at the University of Hong Kong in a presentation titled "Long March Rocket and China's Aerospace". The original design, called the 11th version (2011), had been supplanted by a new design, called the 21st version, which featured many changes, including an enlarged diameter of 10.6 meters, a length of 108 meters, and a weight of 4,122 tons. 16 YF-135 liquid oxygen kerosene engines, each with over 300 tons of thrust, will be used in the first stage; 120-ton hydrogen-oxygen engines will be used in the second and third stages, with four in the second stage and one in the third stage. All fuel tanks were changed to a common bulkhead design, and all external boosters had been removed. The payload capacity to low Earth orbit was increased from 140 to 150 metric tons, and the payload to trans-lunar injection was increased to 53 tons. Long noted that this new version was still under review at the time of the presentation.


title: Long March 9

text: The new design is seen as being more suitable for first stage reuse, and a response to SpaceX's Starship. (The 2011 design for LM9 is seen as matching USA's Space Launch System.)


title: Long March 9

text: On 23 April 2022, Long Lehao, chief designer of the Long March series, provided some updates regarding yet another new design for the Long March 9. This one, referred to as Version 22, is a reusable, booster-less design very similar to Version 21. The second stage and third stages will be powered by 120-tonne hydrolox engines, just like Version 21. Four engines on the second stage and one engine are in the third stage. However, the first-stage and second-stage core diameters have been increased to 11 meters, while the third-stage diameter is 7.5 meters. The total length has been increased to 111 meters, with a mass of 4122 tonnes. The first stage will be powered by twenty-six 200-tonne methane/LOX engines instead of the YF-135 engine from the previous design. Payload capacities are 150 tonnes to LEO and 50 tonnes to TLI.


title: Pawn (2020 film)

text: Pawn () is a 2020 South Korean family friendly drama film, directed by Kang Dae-gyu and produced by Yoon Je-kyoon. The film starring Sung Dong-il, Ha Ji-won, Kim Hee-won and Park So-yi, is a human drama which revolves around two debt collectors, Doo-seok (Sung Dong-il) and Jong-bae (Kim Hee-won), who take nine-year-old girl Seung-yi (Park So-yi) as "collateral" from her mother, an illegal immigrant.


title: Pawn (2020 film)

text: The film was released in theaters on September 29, 2020. It generally received positive reviews and good ratings. It was number one box office film in South Korea for two weeks.


title: Pawn (2020 film)

text: As of January 2, 2021, "Pawn" is at 9th place, with gross of US$12.87 million and 1,719,523 admissions, among all the films released in South Korea in the year 2020.


title: Pawn (2020 film)

text: In 1993, Doo-Seok (Sung Dong-il) and Jong-bae (Kim Hee-won) work as debt collectors in Incheon, South Korea. While collecting a debt from Myung-Ja (Yunjin Kim), they take her nine-year-old daughter Seung-Yi (Park So-Yi) as collateral. Myung-Ja is an illegal immigrant and she is deported from South Korea. Suddenly, Doo-Seok and Jong-bae become Seung-Yi's guardians. The two men and the girl eventually form a family-like bond as they live together.


title: Pawn (2020 film)

text: In March 2019, Sung Dong-il, Ha Ji-won and Yunjin Kim were cast in the film. The script reading was held in April 2019 in presence of Sung Dong-il, Ha Ji-won, Yunjin Kim, Kim Hee-won and child actor Park So-yi.


title: Pawn (2020 film)

text: The film was released on September 29, 2020 on 1342 screens and it has been topping the box office since September 30, according to the Korean Film Council (KOFIC). The film attracted an audience of 1.3 million nationwide as of October 12, 2020.


title: Pawn (2020 film)

text: According to Korean Film Council data, "Pawn" with gross of US$13.60 million and 1.72 million admissions, ranked at 8th place among all the Korean films released in the year 2020.


title: Pawn (2020 film)

text: Going by Korean review aggregator "Naver Movie Database", the film holds an approval rating of 9.17 from the audience. William Schwartz reviewing "Pawn" for HanCinema said that the film has more cuteness than the plot. He criticized the dressing and demeanor of Doo-seok (played by Sung Dong-il) and Jong-bae (played by Kim Hee-won), in the beginning of the film. He opined that the film outshone because of chemistry between the lead actors. The film made people cry, even when editing technique of foreshadowing the plot was used. Further he praised the film for the message it conveyed about non-traditional families and the way period of 1993 was presented.


title: Pawn (2020 film)

text: From September 30, the film, rose to No. 1 in the overall box office, and the real-time reservation rate rose to No. 1. In addition, the CGV Golden Egg Index, which reflects the satisfaction of actual visitors, rose 1% from the previous day to 96%. The Megabox rating was 9.1 points. The Lotte Cinema rating was 8.8 points, which was a high rating compared to films screened in theaters then. The portal site Naver's rating was also 9.48 points, up 0.15 points from the previous day.


title: Nam Gyu-ri

text: Nam Gyu-ri (; born April 26, 1985) is a South Korean singer and actress. She was the leader of the Korean female trio SeeYa. In 2009, Nam Gyu-ri had a contract dispute with the group's management company and left the group. Nam has also acted, most notably in the film "Death Bell" and the drama "49 Days".


title: Nam Gyu-ri

text: Nam was born in Seoul, South Korea. She graduated from Kyunghee University specializing in Theater and Film (Department of Theater and Film).


title: Nam Gyu-ri

text: In April 2009, Core Contents Media, SeeYa's management company, announced that Nam Gyu-ri had violated the terms of her contract by refusing to perform her engagements as a member of SeeYa; the company also stated that it would potentially take legal action against Nam. Although the company later announced that she would return, it was eventually revealed that the issues could not be fully resolved, and Nam left again. In leaving the group permanently, Nam released a statement through her lawyers in which she said that she "could not possibly" return to SeeYa. In the statement, Nam announced that the reason for her departure was that she was more interested in pursuing an acting career than singing. Because it was impossible to pursue both paths, she had decided that she needed to give up working with the group.


title: Nam Gyu-ri

text: For this reason, she declined offers from all record companies that were interested in recruiting SeeYa, and would henceforth make a new beginning as an actor and not a singer.


title: Nam Gyu-ri

text: Shortly after finding new management, however, Nam resumed her singing career as a solo artist. Her new management company, Eyagi Entertainment, has confirmed that Nam would pursue a solo career in both acting and singing. Despite the fact that Nam stated she would not pursue her singing career as a solo singer, she managed to contribute in Ivy's comeback album "I Be.." in 2009.


title: Nam Gyu-ri

text: In 2011, Nam returned to SeeYa temporarily during the group's promotion of its final album. SeeYa officially disbanded on January 30, 2011.


title: Nam Gyu-ri

text: In November 2018, Nam signed with new agency KORTOP Media, founded by veteran drama producer Go Dae-hwa.


title: Nam Gyu-ri

text: In 2020, Nam acted as the second lead in "Kairos", acting as a violinist and a sociopath who was secretly having an affair behind her husband's back while acting as a good wife and mother. She received favourable reviews for her acting of the villain in the drama.


title: Dianna Cowern

text: Dianna Leilani Cowern (born May 4, 1989) is an American science communicator. She is a YouTuber; she uploads videos to her YouTube channel "Physics Girl" explaining various physical phenomena. She worked in partnership with the PBS Digital Studios from 2015 until 2020, when she discontinued her partnership. She has collaborations with other YouTube personalities, including fellow science communicator Derek Muller of the channel "Veritasium", maker Simone Giertz, and mathematics animator Grant Sanderson of "3Blue1Brown".


title: Dianna Cowern

text: Cowern was born May 4, 1989 and raised in Hawaii. While in high school, she was inspired by Neil deGrasse Tyson and became interested in communicating science. She studied Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, graduating in 2011 with a bachelor's degree.


title: Dianna Cowern

text: After graduation, Cowern was a research fellow at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian. Cowern began as outreach coordinator at University of California at San Diego's Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences research unit. She started making science videos while working as an app developer at General Electric. In 2014, she won the top video prize from the Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science at Stony Brook University. She has discussed science on national media, including "U.S. News & World Report".


title: Dianna Cowern

text: In February 2017, she did a talk at Google titled 'Becoming YouTube's Physics Girl'. In December 2017, she was featured in an interview in APS News. Cowern has been featured in the "Huffington Post", "Slate", and "Scientific American" blogs.


title: Dianna Cowern

text: In 2018, Cowern won a Webby Award for Best Web Personality and was listed in Forbes 30 under 30 in the category of education.


title: Dianna Cowern

text: On September 25, 2020, Dianna announced on her YouTube channel in the video, "Why RED BUBBLES are impossible… or are they?!" that she would be ending her five-year partnership with PBS Studios.


title: Dianna Cowern

text: It was announced on June 23, 2022 that Cowern would be doing a science-based talk show for Curiosity Stream's Originals called "Proof of Concept". The show started streaming in August 2022.


title: Dianna Cowern

text: In an Instagram post dated November 8, 2022, Cowern revealed that, since July, 2022, she had been dealing with the health effects of long COVID, suffering physical and mental symptoms associated with the syndrome. For this reason, her video release schedule had slowed dramatically, with the only videos released during her convalescence consisting of material filmed prior to her illness. She indicated the intention to release a video on her channel documenting her experience with the syndrome, but with no firm release date.