title: History of Rajasthan

text: Jangladesh, also known as Janglu, was a historical region in north, north-western and north-eastern Rajasthan state in northern India. It included the present-day districts of Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar, and Hanumangarh. It was bounded on the south by Marwar and Jaisalmer regions, on the east by Ajmer-Merwara region.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: Most of Jat clans in Rajasthan had to accept Rathore suzerainty due to Rao Bika's invasion of Jangladesh. Bika led an army of 300 Rajput warriors and subjugated all of the Jat clans of northern Rajasthan. Bika also saved the Jats from the Bhati Rajputs and acted as their buffer. The Godara Jats and Charans were loyal supporters of Bika.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: Jat king Pandu Godara of Ladhadia was in love with Malki Kaur, daughter of Jat Raja Raisal Beniwal of Raslana and Princess Malki Kaur also loved him. But her father got her married to Phula Saharan, the Jat king of Bhadag princely state. Princess Malki sent a message through her spy to King Pandu Godara that he should take her, taking this message, Pandu Godara attacked Bhadag with his army and he went away with Malki. Due to his work, other Jat rulers attacked the principality of Pandu Godara and Pandu alone could not fight with them, so he took the help of Rao Jodha 's son Rao Bika , with his help he escaped from Ladhadia but his principality was lost to Ladhadia. After heavy loss, Godara Jats established a new princely state Shekhsar.Established and Pandu Godara donated his entire princely state to Rao Bika in return for his help, which later came to be known as Bikaner state , from here the Jat dynasty ended on Jagladesh and the Rajput dynasty started.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: The Mughal Emperor Akbar expanded the empire into Rajputana in the 16th century CE. He laid siege to Chittor and defeated the Kingdom of Mewar in 1568. He also laid siege to Ranthambore and defeated the forces of Surjan Hada in the same year.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: Akbar also arranged matrimonial alliances to gain the trust of Rajput rulers. He himself married the Rajput princess Jodha Bai. He also granted high offices to a large number of Rajput princes, and maintained cordial relations with them, such as Man Singh, one of the "navaratnas". However, some Rajput rulers were not ready to accept Akbar's dominance and preferred to remain independent. Two such rulers were Udai Singh of Mewar and Chandrasen Rathore of Marwar. They did not accept Akbar's supremacy and were at constant war with him. This struggle was continued by Rana Pratap, the successor of Udai Singh. His army met with Akbar's forces at the Battle of Haldighati where he was defeated and wounded. Since then he remained in recluse for twelve years and attacked the Mughals from time to time.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: Mughal influence is seen in the styles of Rajput painting and Rajput architecture of the medieval period.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: Bharatpur State, which is also known as the Jat State of Bharatpur historically known as the Kingdom of Bharatpur, was a Hindu Kingdom in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. It was ruled by the Sinsinwar clan of the Hindu Jats. At the time of reign of king Suraj Mal (1755–1763) revenue of the state was 17,500,000 rupees per annual.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: The formation of the state of Bharatpur was a result of revolts by the Jats living in the region around Delhi, Agra, and Mathura against the Imperial Mughals. Conflict between Jats and Rajputs for zamindari rights also complicated the issue, with Jats primarily being landowners, whereas the Rajputs were primarily revenue collectors. The Jats put up a stiff resistance but by 1691, RajaRam Sinsini and his successor Churaman were compelled to submit to the Imperial Mughals. Rajaram who also exhumed and burned the remains of Akbar is known for setting up a small fort at Sinsini. It was the key foundation of this kingdom.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: The most prominent ruler of Bharatpur was Maharaja Suraj Mal. He captured the important Mughal city of Agra on 12 June 1761. He also melted the two silver doors of the famous Mughal monument Taj Mahal. Agra remained in the possession of Bharatpur rulers till 1774. After Maharaja Suraj Mal's death, Maharaja Jawahar Singh, Maharaja Ratan Singh and Maharaja Kehri Singh (minor) under resident ship of Maharaja Nawal Singh ruled over Agra Fort.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: Since the early 1700s, the Maratha Empire began expanding northwards, led by Peshwa Baji Rao I of Pune. This expansion finally brought the newly founded Maratha Empire in contact with the Rajputs. Rajasthan saw many invasions by the Marathas, under military leadership of Holkars and Scindhias.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: Historically known as the Kingdom of Dholpur, was a kingdom of eastern Rajasthan, India, which was founded in AD 1806 by a Jat ruler Rana Kirat Singh of Gohad. After 1818, the state was placed under the authority of British India's Rajputana Agency. The Ranas ruled the state until the independence of India in 1947, when the kingdom was merged with the Union of India.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: Very little is known of the early history of the state. According to tradition a predecessor state was established as Dhavalapura. In 1505 neighboring Gohad State of Rana Jats was founded and between 1740 and 1756 Gohad occupied Gwalior Fort. From 1761 to 1775 Dholpur was annexed to Bharatpur State and between 1782 and December 1805 Dholpur was again annexed by Gwalior. On 10 January 1806 Dholpur became a British protectorate and in the same year the Ruler of Gohad merged Gohad into Dholpur.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: The arrival of the British East India Company in the region led to the administrative designation of some geographically, culturally, economically and historically diverse areas, which had never shared a common political identity, under the name of the Rajputana Agency. This was a significant identifier, being modified later to Rajputana Province and lasting until the renaming to Rajasthan in 1949. The Company officially recognized various entities, although sources disagree concerning the details, and also included Ajmer-Merwara, which was the only area under direct British control. Of these areas, Marwar and Jaipur were the most significant in the early 19th century, although it was Mewar that gained particular attention from James Tod, a Company employee who was enamoured of Rajputana and wrote extensively, if often uncritically, of the people, history and geography of the Agency as a whole.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: Alliances were formed between the Company and these various princely and chiefly entities in the early 19th century, accepting British sovereignty in return for local autonomy and protection from the Marathas and Pindari depredations. Following the Mughal tradition and more importantly due to its strategic location Ajmer became a province of British India, while the autonomous Rajput states, the Muslim state of Tonk, and the Jat states of Bharatpur, Dholpur were organized into the Rajputana Agency.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: In 1817–1818, the British Government concluded treaties of alliance with almost all the states of Rajputana. Thus began the British rule over Rajasthan, then called Rajputana.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: Later these states start merged in 1948 CE and in seven phases unification of present Rajasthan completed in 1956 CE.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: The name of Rajasthan as Rajputana became more pronounced or Popular in 12th century before Ghurid invasions, also Rajput as a separate caste emerge in Indian social structure around that time in 12th century. The Kachwaha Rajput clan migrated to the region and made Amber their capital in the 12th century and for 600 years continued to be a political centre.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: It took seven stages to form Rajasthan as defined today. In March 1948 the Matsya Union consisted of Alwar, Bharatpur, Dhaulpur and Karauli was formed. Also, in March 1948 Banswara, Bundi, Dungarpur, Jhalawar, Kishangarh, Kota, Pratapgarh, Shahpura and Tonk joined the Indian union and formed a part of Rajasthan. In April 1948 Udaipur joined the state and the Maharana of Udaipur was made Rajpramukh. Therefore, in 1948 the merger of south and southeastern states was almost complete. Still retaining their independence from India were Jaipur State and the desert kingdoms of Bikaner, Jodhpur, and Jaisalmer. From a security point of view, it was claimed that it was vital to the new Indian Union to ensure that the desert kingdoms were integrated into the new nation. The princes finally agreed to sign the Instrument of Accession, and the kingdoms of Bikaner, Jodhpur, Jaisalmer and Jaipur acceded in March 1949. This time, the Maharaja of Jaipur, Man Singh II, was made the Rajpramukh of the state and Jaipur became its capital. Later in 1949, the United States of Matsya, comprising the former kingdoms of Bharatpur, Alwar, Karauli and Dholpur, was incorporated into Rajasthan. On January 26, 1950, 18 states of united Rajasthan merged with Sirohi to join the state leaving Abu and Dilwara to remain a part of Greater Bombay and now Gujarat.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: Gurumukh Nihal Singh was appointed as first governor of Rajasthan. Hiralal Shastri was the first nominated chief minister of the state, taking office on 7 April 1949. He was succeeded by two other nominated holders of the office before Tika Ram Paliwal became the first elected chief minister from 3 March 1951.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: In November 1956, under the provisions of the States Re-organisation Act, the erstwhile part 'C' state of Ajmer, Abu Road Taluka, former part of Sirohi princely state (which were merged in former Bombay), State and Sunel-Tappa region of the former Madhya Bharat merged with Rajasthan and Sironj sub district of Jhalawar was transferred to Madhya Pradesh. Thus giving the existing boundary Rajasthan. Today with further reorganisation of the states of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar. Rajasthan has become the largest state of the Indian Republic.


title: History of Rajasthan

text: The princes of the former kingdoms were constitutionally granted handsome remuneration in the form of privy purses and privileges to assist them in the discharge of their financial obligations. In 1970, Indira Gandhi, who was then the Prime Minister of India, commenced under-takings to discontinue the privy purses, which were abolished in 1971. Many of the former princes still continue to use the title of Maharaja, but the title has little power other than as a status symbol. Many of the Maharajas still hold their palaces and have converted them into profitable hotels, while some have made good in politics. The democratically elected Government runs the state with a chief minister as its executive head and the governor as the head of the state. Currently, including the new district of Pratapgarh, there are 33 districts, 105 sub-divisions, 37,889 villages, 241 tehsils and 222 towns in Rajasthan.


title: Ureaplasma urealyticum

text: Ureaplasma urealyticum is a bacterium belonging to the genus "Ureaplasma" and the family Mycoplasmataceae in the order Mycoplasmatales. This family consists of the genera "Mycoplasma" and "Ureaplasma". Its type strain is T960. There are two known biovars of this species; T960 and 27. These strains of bacterium are commonly found in the urogenital tracts of human beings, but overgrowth can lead to infections that cause the patient discomfort. Unlike most bacteria, "Ureaplasma urealyticum" lacks a cell wall making it unique in physiology and medical treatment.


title: Ureaplasma urealyticum

text: The six recognised "Ureaplasma" species have a GC content of 27 to 30 percent and a genome size ranging from 0.76 to 1.17 million base pairs, and cholesterol is required for growth. A defining characteristic of the genus is that they perform urea hydrolysis, which creates ammonia as a product. Some strains originally classified as "U. urealyticum" should be treated as a new species, "U. parvum". Both strains of U"reaplasma urealyticum" have had their DNA sequenced, using a PCR amplification and dideoxy termination method. Their sequences can be accessed through public records and databases. Most of the16S rDNA sequence of the two strains constitute the exact same nucleotides bases (97.3% homology), yet small differences have been acknowledged. Due to the direct similarity and the increased variation in other species of "Ureaplasma", it is thought that the two strains of "Ureaplasma urealyticum" (T960 and 27) have evolutionary diverged together. In the same study conducted, using the same 16s rDNA aligned sequences, they concluded all the mammalian strains diverged and coevolved with their corresponding species (canine, feline, human, bovine) during the Cretaceous period. It was found that the most closely related species strain of "Ureaplasma" to "Ureaplasma urealyticum" was "Ureaplasma diversum" (isolated from bovine).


title: Ureaplasma urealyticum

text: "Ureaplasma urealyticum" can cause urethritis and may cause bacterial vaginosis. Infection can occur in extragenital sites. A common symptom associated with these infections is the "fishy" smell that is created due to the production of ammonia by the hydrolysis of urea. Patients should confirm diagnosis with a doctor. The bacterium has high correlations with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). It has also been linked to infertility in both males and females. In addition, this pathogen may latently infect the chorionic villi tissues of pregnant women, thereby impacting pregnancy outcome. Issues that arise from "Ureaplasma urealyticum" infections during pregnancy include preterm birth and impacted embryonic development. Some patients have given birth to children subjected to bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Patients can evolve resistances to normal antibiotic treatments due to the distinctive physiology of these organisms. Patients who are pregnant have further limitations on the treatment course of a "Ureaplasma urealyticum" infection, making it far harder to successfully cure.


title: Priya Rajvansh

text: Priya Rajvansh (30 December 1936 – 27 March 2000), born Vera Sunder Singh, was an Indian actress, who is known for her performance in Hindi films like "Heer Raanjha" (1970) and "Hanste Zakhm" (1973), amongst a handful of films she did during her career.


title: Priya Rajvansh

text: Priya Rajvansh was born as Veera Sunder Singh in Shimla. Her father Sunder Singh was a Conservator in the Forest Department. She grew up in Shimla along with her brothers, Kamaljit Singh (Gulu) and Padamjit Singh. She studied at Auckland House, where she was school captain, and Convent of Jesus and Mary, Shimla. She passed intermediate from St. Bede's College, Shimla in 1953, and joined Bhargava Municipal College (BMC), during this period, she acted in several English plays at Shimla's noted Gaiety Theatre.


title: Priya Rajvansh

text: Her father was on a UN assignment, so after graduation she joined the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London, UK.


title: Priya Rajvansh

text: While still in London and 22 years old, one of her photographs, taken by a London photographer, somehow reached the Hindi film industry. A movie maker of that time, Thakur Ranveer Singh, belonging to a Rajput family of Kota learned of her. Singh had written and made popular British and Hollywood films starring Yul Bryner and Ursula Andress and was familiar with Peter O'Toole and Richard Burton. Ranveer Singh had also given the popular actor Ranjeet his first offer in a film called "Zindagi ki rahein" (Roads of life) which he wanted to make.


title: Priya Rajvansh

text: Subsequently, Ranveer Singh brought her to meet Chetan Anand, (brother of Dev Anand and Vijay Anand) in 1962 and they cast her in one of their films, "Haqeeqat" (1964). The film became a hit and is often counted as among the best Indian war-films. Soon she was in a relationship with her mentor, Chetan Anand, who had just separated from his wife. Priya was many years younger to Chetan. Thereafter, she starred only in Chetan Anand films, in which she was involved in every aspect- starting from story to scripting, lyrics, and post-production. Chetan, too, never made a film without her as the central character. Despite being a highly talented actress, her anglicised accent and western femininity did not click well with the Indian audience.


title: Priya Rajvansh

text: Her next film, "Heer Raanjha" came out only in 1970, where she acted opposite the rage of that time, actor Raaj Kumar, and the film was a hit. Then came "Hanste Zakhm", arguably the finest film of her career, in 1973. Her other noted films were "Hindustan Ki Kasam" (1973), with Raaj Kumar, and "Kudrat" (1981), paired opposite Rajesh Khanna , where she had a parallel role with Hema Malini as the lead. She also starred opposite Dev Anand in Saheb Bahadur in 1977. Her last film "Haathon Ki Lakeeren" was released in 1985, after which she ended her film career.


title: Priya Rajvansh

text: Priya Rajvansh and Chetan Anand had a personal relationship and they lived together, though she kept her own flat first in Kalumal Estate and, later, a bigger house in Mangal Kiran. Her two brothers, Kamaljit Singh (Gulu) and Padamjit Singh, reside in London and the USA respectively, and have an ancestral home in Chandigarh.


title: Priya Rajvansh

text: After Chetan Anand's death in 1997, she inherited a part of his property along with his sons from his first marriage. She was murdered on 27 March 2000 in Chetan Anand's Ruia Park bungalow in Juhu, Mumbai, India. Police charged Chetan Anand's sons Ketan Anand and Vivek Anand along with their employees Mala Choudhary and Ashok Chinnaswamy with her murder. Their motive was thought to be rights to her inheritance of Chetan Anand's property. Rajvansh's handwritten notes and a letter addressed by her to Vijay Anand were produced in court as evidence by the prosecution. The letter and notes throw light on Rajvansh's fear and anxiety during the period prior to her death under mysterious circumstances.


title: Priya Rajvansh

text: The four accused were convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment in July 2002 but they were granted bail in November 2002. In 2011, the Bombay High Court accepted the appeals filed by the accused duo against the trial court's order.


title: Raditude

text: Raditude is the seventh studio album by American rock band Weezer, released on October 30, 2009 and is their final album on DGC Records, Geffen Records and Interscope Records. The title of the album was suggested to Weezer vocalist Rivers Cuomo by actor Rainn Wilson.


title: Raditude

text: The album's first single, "(If You're Wondering If I Want You To) I Want You To", was released in August 2009. The album debuted at number seven on the "Billboard" 200.


title: Raditude

text: The album's cover artwork is a photo of a dog named Sidney, originally published in the August 2009 issue of "National Geographic".


title: Raditude

text: The album was initially released in Australia on October 30, 2009. It was made available in the United Kingdom on November 2, 2009, and the following day in the United States. It opened at number seven on the Billboard 200, selling 66,000 copies in its first week of availability. As of September 2010, it has sold 240,000 copies.


title: Raditude

text: Knowledge of the record was first made public by Billboard.com, who reported that Weezer was to head into the studio in early November 2008 to record a seventh album. A YouTube post titled "Let's Write A Sawng: Step 16," uploaded on November 15, 2008, showed Cuomo in the studio with producer Jacknife Lee short-listing three songs from a list of 23, adding speculation to the recording of a seventh album or new b-sides.


title: Raditude

text: In May, the band's webmaster and archivist Karl Koch revealed that the album had no set release date, and that the band would be recording additional material. He revealed that Cuomo would be the sole lead vocalist on this album unlike their previous album, 2008's "Weezer". In early summer of 2009, session drummer Josh Freese joined Weezer as the percussionist, with Pat Wilson taking over guitar duties for Cuomo. Freese performed with the band at the KROQ Weenie Roast. In an interview for the event, the band revealed that the new album would be released in summer 2009.


title: Raditude

text: On July 24, Weezer played three new songs in Korea at the Jisan Valley Rock Festival: "Can't Stop Partying", "I'm Your Daddy", and "The Girl Got Hot". "Can't Stop Partying" had previously been released in demo form on Cuomo's "Alone II" album in 2008. While performing "The Girl Got Hot" on July 26, 2009 at the Fuji Rock Festival, Cuomo revealed that Weezer's seventh studio album would be released in October 2009. August 4, 2009, saw the final recording sessions for the album, with mixing of the disc beginning two days later.


title: Raditude

text: "Can't Stop Partying" was co-written with hip-hop producer Jermaine Dupri, and features rapper Lil Wayne. "Put Me Back Together" was co-written with The All-American Rejects members Tyson Ritter and Nick Wheeler.


title: Raditude

text: Guitarist Brian Bell has stated that he had reservations about the inclusion of outside collaborators and the album's overall mainstream pop aesthetic. In a 2010 interview, Bell revealed that he "[had] a conversation with Rivers about ["Raditude"]. And he said, to put my mind at ease, that this is just one album out of many more that we are going to make in our career. When I heard that, I was like, okay, cool, well that’s a great way to think of it. We’re just trying something and this is just one record out of many more. When I heard that, I was fine with it."


title: Raditude

text: On August 14, 2009, MTV confirmed that the first single, "(If You're Wondering If I Want You To) I Want You To", was to be released on American rock radio on August 25. The track leaked less than a week after the announcement, and the official release of the single to radio was moved up to Tuesday, August 18. A music video for the single was filmed with director Marc Webb and co-starring Odette Yustman.


title: Raditude

text: Via updates on their official website, the band revealed in August 2009 that the album would be called "Raditude" and released on October 27. This date was pushed back a week to November 3. On October 13, the band announced "The Weezer Raditude Club," which allowed customers to pre-order "Raditude" and gain access to exclusive tracks each week leading up to the album's release.


title: Raditude

text: Weezer recorded a promotional performance for "Sessions@AOL". Guests included Kenny G, Chamillionaire and Sara Bareilles. Kenny G's contribution was a solo after the second chorus of "I'm Your Daddy". Prior to the performance he said that he knew nothing of Weezer. Although Cuomo and Kenny G live near each other in Malibu they had never met before the recording which was done in one take. Kenny G commented in the green room on the lack of rehearsal, "...that's OK. I'm a professional."


title: Raditude

text: The album debuted at number seven on the "Billboard" 200, selling 66,000 copies in its first week, only about half as many copies as the band's previous album, "Weezer", sold in its first week in 2008.


title: Raditude

text: While Weezer did not necessarily promote the album live (this can likely be attributed to the cancellation of the majority of the album's promotional tour), handfuls of songs from this album were still performed throughout 2009 and some of 2010, and the lead single has become one of their more frequently played live songs in recent years.


title: Raditude

text: "Raditude" received mixed reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 57 ("mixed or average reviews"), based on 22 reviews.


title: Raditude

text: A positive review came from Matt Collar of AllMusic, who wrote that "Musically, "Raditude" really sounds like vintage Weezer, but never in a pandering, played-out way", praising "I'm Your Daddy" and "The Girl Got Hot" for being "as sparkling with creative enthusiasm as anything the band has done since 'Buddy Holly'." "Songs about going to meet your girlfriend's parents or how the ugly duckling in junior high school suddenly turned into a double-take ice queen, are an odd thing for men pushing 40 to sing about. But perhaps because Weezer are as sexually threatening as melted Solero, such an approach sounds uniquely stylized rather than criminally creepy," "Kerrang!" reviewer Ian Winwood remarked. Noting the backlash the album had received, Rob Sheffield of "Rolling Stone" wrote that "when it comes to taunting and baiting the crowd, [frontman Rivers] Cuomo makes every other rock star out there look like a dilettante", while praising the album itself as being "full of gloriously cheesy Weezer tunes".


title: Raditude

text: Scott Heisel of "Alternative Press" gave "Raditude" a mixed review, calling it "the antithesis of everything you loved about the first two albums" and writing that the album "takes a severe and almost irreversible nosedive" following the third track "The Girl Got Hot". Rob Mitchum of "Pitchfork" criticized Cuomo's lyrics for seemingly being "stuck in an eternal puberty, forever 13-- confused, horny, hyperbolic, obsessed with brand names", and concluded that "the record's teen-boy empowerment message doesn't have much to offer anyone over 13 years old". Spencer Kornhaber of "Spin" wrote that the album "might be enjoyed for what it is -- extremely catchy, fist-pumping pop -- and for what it represents: escapism", but felt that "the second half sags, the ballads bore, and weirdly, it's too short". Huw Jones of "Slant Magazine" panned the album as "a thematically vacant and sonically uninspired collection of ditties tailor-made for mainstream radio" that contains "an abhorrent cocktail of deluded lyricism and indolent musicianship." Evan Sawdey of "PopMatters" felt that "Raditude" should be judged for being "a collection of straight-faced, irony-free pop songs written by a guy who knows his way around a hook", concluding, "As a Weezer album, it is nothing short of a profound disappointment. By any other standard, it’s just the worst album of the year."


title: Raditude

text: "Can't Stop Partying", "I Don't Want to Let You Go", and "The Prettiest Girl in the Whole Wide World" were previously released in demo form on Rivers Cuomo's solo album "". Sugar Ray previously recorded the track "Love Is the Answer" on their 2009 album "Music for Cougars" with a guest appearance by Cuomo.


title: Dasht-e Lut

text: The Lut Desert, widely referred to as Dasht-e Lut (, "Emptiness Plain"), is a large salt desert located in the provinces of Kerman and Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran. It is the world's 33rd-largest desert, and was included on UNESCO's World Heritage List on July 17, 2016. The name is derived from 'Lut' which means bare and empty in Persian


title: Dasht-e Lut

text: Iran is climatically part of the Afro-Asian belt of deserts, which stretches from Mauritania all the way to Mongolia. The patchy, elongated, light-colored feature in the foreground (parallel to the mountain range) is the northernmost of the Dasht dry lakes that stretch southward .


title: Dasht-e Lut

text: Iran's geography consists of a plateau surrounded by mountains and divided into drainage basins. Dasht-e Lut is one of the largest of these desert basins, long and wide, and is considered to be one of the driest places on Earth.


title: Dasht-e Lut

text: The area of the desert is about , the largest in Iran after Dasht-e Kavir. During the spring wet season, water briefly flows down from the Kerman mountains, but it soon dries up, leaving behind only rocks, sand, and salt.


title: Dasht-e Lut

text: The eastern part of Dasht-e Lut is a low plateau covered with salt flats. In contrast, the center has been sculpted by the wind into a series of parallel ridges and furrows, extending over and reaching in height. This area is also riddled with ravines and sinkholes. The southeast is a vast expanse of sand, like a Saharan erg, with dunes high, among the tallest in the world.


title: Dasht-e Lut

text: According to one study, more than half of the desert's surface is covered by volcanic rocks. Evaporites can be observed during hot periods.


title: Dasht-e Lut

text: Around 2500 BC, a flourishing civilization existed in this area. The ancient city of Shahdad was located on the western edge of Lut desert. And on the eastern side, there was a giant ancient city of Shahr-i-Sokhta.


title: Dasht-e Lut

text: Lut area as an important region for Iranian archaeology. Recently, an extensive archaeological survey was conducted on the eastern flank of Kerman range and close to the western fringes of Lut Desert. As a result, eighty-seven ancient sites dating from the fifth millennium BC to the late Islamic era were identified. Twenty-three of these sites are assigned to the Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age.


title: Dasht-e Lut

text: The Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer installed on NASA's Aqua satellite recorded that from 2003 to 2010 the hottest land surface on Earth is in Dasht-e Lut, with land surface temperatures reaching , though the air temperature is cooler. The precision of measurements is 0.5 K to 1 K. However, in 1972, the land surface at Furnace Creek at Death Valley, California, United States, reached .


title: Dasht-e Lut

text: The hottest portion of Dasht-e Lut is Gandom Beryan, a large plateau covered in dark lava, approximately in area. According to a local legend, the name (Persian — "Toasted wheat") originates from an accident where a load of wheat was left in the desert which was then scorched by the heat in a few days.


title: Voiced bilabial nasal

text: The voiced bilabial nasal is a type of consonantal sound used in almost all spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is codice_1. The bilabial nasal occurs in English, and it is the sound represented by "m" in "map" and "rum". Only very few languages (e.g. Wyandot) are known to lack this sound.


title: Rocsi Diaz

text: Raquel Roxanne "Rocsi" Diaz also known as just Rocsi, is an Honduran-born television and radio personality and model. She is best known as the co-host on the BET program "106 & Park" from 2006–2012. She was a correspondent on "Entertainment Tonight" during 2012–2014, where she was billed as "Rocsi Diaz".


title: Rocsi Diaz

text: Diaz was born in Tegucigalpa, Honduras but moved with her family to New Orleans, Louisiana. She is of Honduran and Chilean descent. Rocsi announced on 106 & Park on July 30, 2009, that she suffered from anorexia during her years in middle school and high school due to her love for cheerleading. She graduated from West Jefferson High School in Harvey, Louisiana. She graduated from Nicholls State University.


title: Rocsi Diaz

text: After growing up in New Orleans, she launched her career in Dallas, Texas, as a host on the city's premier urban radio station, 97.9 The Beat. Here, Rocsi cultivated a unique, street-smart style that caught the attention of Boston's Hot 97.7, where she later became a DJ. In 2004, she moved to Chicago where she was hired as midday-hour DJ at radio station Power 92 WPWX-FM, and was known as "The Midday Mami".


title: Rocsi Diaz

text: BET personalities AJ Calloway and Free left the network on July 28, 2005. They were replaced by Big Tigger and Julissa Bermudez. They left and Rocsi on July 6, 2006 won the role of co-host of BET's "106 & Park" along with Terrence J. The show can be seen in over 85 million homes in U.S., United Kingdom, Canada, Africa, Caribbean, and Japan. For the debut in Japan, she and co-host Terrence J taped footage there, and appeared on MTV Video Music Awards Japan.


title: Rocsi Diaz

text: In 2007, Rocsi starred as a BET News correspondent in "", but only appears in cutscenes on TV and not in fighting mode.


title: Rocsi Diaz

text: On 19 November 2012, Diaz joined "Entertainment Tonight" as a daily correspondent and weekend co-host. In June 2014, Diaz was awarded a Daytime Emmy award as part of the cast for "Outstanding Entertainment News Program". On 17 September 2014, Diaz was let go from the show as CNN's Nischelle Turner was hired.


title: Rocsi Diaz

text: In August 2013, she was recognised by the National Council of La Raza: Nuestro Pueblo. She received the Ruben Salazar Award for Communications.


title: Rocsi Diaz

text: On 23 January 2015, Diaz announced she had been hired by CNN's HLN. She is the Los Angeles contributor to their show "The Daily Share" that airs from 12-5 PM EST.


title: Rocsi Diaz

text: In August 2015, she marked the ten year anniversary of Hurricane Katrina by returning home with cameras. She showed how her childhood street was bare of homes.


title: Rocsi Diaz

text: Diaz serves as the host to the third season of "Dating Naked" on VH1 replacing the original two-seasoned host Amy Paffrath.


title: Rocsi Diaz

text: Diaz provided color commentary for Cannonball on the USA Network alongside Mike “The Miz” Mizanin, who called the play-by-play.


title: The Georgia Satellites

text: The Georgia Satellites are an American Southern rock band from Atlanta, Georgia. They achieved mainstream success with their 1986 self-titled debut album, featuring their best-known single "Keep Your Hands to Yourself", which peaked at No. 2 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Two more albums followed – "Open All Night" (1988) and the band's last to feature original material "In the Land of Salvation and Sin" (1989) – before they went on hiatus in 1990.


title: The Georgia Satellites

text: The Georgia Satellites resurfaced in 1993 and have since continued to perform live. Their latest studio album to date is 1996's "Shaken Not Stirred", which includes re-recordings of the band's older material, in addition to eight new songs. They have experienced numerous lineup changes in their career, with lead guitarist and vocalist Rick Richards being the only constant member. Their current lineup includes Richards, drummer Todd Johnston, lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Fred McNeal and bassist Bruce Smith.


title: The Georgia Satellites

text: In 1980, Dan Baird (formerly guitarist for the Atlanta band the Nasty Bucks), along with lead guitarist Rick Richards, bassist Keith Christopher and drummer David Michaelson formed a band named Keith and the Satellites in Atlanta, Georgia. After performing in local bars, the band's line-up changed. With a new bassist, Dave Hewitt (previously with Babe Ruth), and a new drummer, Randy DeLay, they recorded a six-track demo at Axis Studios in Atlanta. During this time, the band changed its name to Georgia Satellites and played every Monday at Hedgens, a bar in the Atlanta neighborhood of Buckhead.


title: The Georgia Satellites

text: Jeff Glixman, who had produced, mixed and remastered artists such as Paul Stanley, Kansas, Gary Moore, Yngwie Malmsteen and Black Sabbath, was enlisted for production. However, soon after the demo was recorded, the band broke up in the summer of 1984. DeLay later performed with the Tony Sarno Band and the Hell Hounds around the Atlanta music circuit, before dying of cancer in 1993 at age 40.


title: The Georgia Satellites

text: Although the band members felt they were not making any progress on their musical path and had disbanded, their English manager, Kevin Jennings, took the demo to a small Yorkshire record label, Making Waves, who liked the material and released the demo as the "Keep the Faith" EP in 1985. The press response to the EP was positive and prompted the band to regroup in the United States. Baird had been playing with the Woodpeckers in North Carolina. Richards remained in Atlanta with the Hell Hounds, which included both Mauro Magellan (drums) and Rick Price (bass, formerly of the Brains). With Baird essentially joining the Hell Hounds, the Georgia Satellites were reborn and American record labels started taking notice of the band.


title: The Georgia Satellites

text: In 1986, the group signed with Elektra Records and reunited with Glixman to record their debut full-length album at Cheshire Sound Studios in Atlanta. The album, "Georgia Satellites", was their most successful LP, featuring the track "Keep Your Hands to Yourself". The song reached No. 2 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, kept from the top spot by Bon Jovi's "Livin' on a Prayer". It went into heavy rotation on MTV. Other lesser-known songs included "Battleship Chains" (No. 86), written by Terry Anderson and "Can't Stand the Pain", but the Satellites never had another top 40 hit. That same year the MTV Video Music Awards came into being. Mary Deacon won for Best Art Director for the music video "Keep Your Hands to Yourself".


title: The Georgia Satellites

text: In 1988, the band recorded a cover of The Swinging Blue Jeans' 1964 hit "Hippy Hippy Shake" for the movie "Cocktail". Released as a single, the song reached No. 45 on the "Billboard" chart. The band also released its second album that year, "Open All Night", which included a cover of the Ringo Starr-written Beatles song "Don't Pass Me By," though the album was not as successful as the band's debut. The lead single, "Open All Night" (backed with "Dunk 'n' Dine"), failed to chart.


title: The Georgia Satellites

text: A third studio album, "In the Land of Salvation and Sin", was released in 1989, which included re-recordings of "Six Years Gone" and "Crazy" from the 1985 EP. Although it received positive reviews, it also failed to do well commercially, and Baird left the band in 1990 to pursue a solo career. Of his departure, Baird said, "It came about by my inability to turn in really good shows." He elaborated, saying, "I developed a very shitty attitude about the band. So, one morning I woke up and fired myself. We were together for 10 years and we weren't able to inspire each other anymore. It's like any relationship that starts getting too old. There was just certain things that started getting lackadaisical."


title: The Georgia Satellites

text: The band's 1993 compilation "Let It Rock: The Best of the Georgia Satellites" included a selection of the best tracks from the three studio albums and bonus material that had been released on the "Another Chance" EP (1989): "Saddle Up," "That Woman," and "I'm Waiting for the Man." Also included was a live version of Chuck Berry's "Let It Rock."


title: The Georgia Satellites

text: After a brief sabbatical following the departure of Dan Baird, the Georgia Satellites reunited in 1993. Their current lineup, led by original member Rick Richards (lead guitar, backing and lead vocals), along with Fred McNeal (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Bruce Smith (bass, backing vocals) and Todd Johnston (drums) continues to perform live shows. The most recent album, "Shaken Not Stirred" (1996), was a mix of re-recordings of their earlier material and eight new songs: "Running Out," "Let It Rock (Bye Bye Johnny)," "Deep in the Heart of Dixie," "Anna Lee," "My Fault," "Shaken Not Stirred," "She Fades Away" and "Rain."


title: The Georgia Satellites

text: Baird performs with his band, Homemade Sin, which features three former members of the Georgia Satellites. Mauro Magellan joined The Crashers after moving to Wisconsin in the early 1990s. Mauro played on both of Baird's solo albums and continues to tour with him as a member of Homemade Sin, which also includes bassist Keith Christopher, formerly of Keith and the Satellites. In addition, Baird performs as a member of the country groups Trent Summar & The New Row Mob and The Yayhoos.


title: The Georgia Satellites

text: Along with his commitment to the Georgia Satellites, Richards also plays in former Guns N' Roses guitarist Izzy Stradlin's band. They toured in the early 1990s and have recorded 11 albums. Richards, along with ex-Satellites manager Kevin Jennings, released an album entitled "For Ol' Times Sake" in 2013 as The Western Sizzlers, which enlisted the talents of Charlie Starr of Blackberry Smoke as well as seasoned Atlanta musicians Nicky Ford, Jeff Bakos, and Kevin "Snit" Fitzpatrick.


title: The Georgia Satellites

text: In September 2015, Richards reported to "Hartford Courant" that The Georgia Satellites were working on new music. In an April 2021 interview, however, Richards stated that the band has no plans to release a new album. The band released "Lightnin' in a Bottle", a live album recorded in 1988 in Cleveland, on March 11, 2022.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: Arcangelo Corelli (, , , ; 17 February 1653 – 8 January 1713) was an Italian composer and violinist of the Baroque era. His music was key in the development of the modern genres of sonata and concerto, in establishing the preeminence of the violin, and as the first coalescing of modern tonality and functional harmony.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: He was trained in Bologna and Rome, and in this city he developed most of his career, due also to the protection of great patrons. Even if his entire production is limited to just six collections of published works — five of which composed by Trio Sonatas or solo and one by Concerti grossi — he achieved great fame and success throughout Europe, also crystallizing models of wide influence.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: His writing was admired for its balance, refinement, sumptuous and original harmonies, for the richness of the textures, for the majestic effect of the theatricality and for its clear, expressive and melodious polyphony, a perfect quality of classical ideals, although belonging to the baroque epoch and often employing resources typical of this school, such as the exploration of dynamic and expressive contrasts, but always tempered by a great sense of moderation. He was the first to fully apply, with an expressive and structuring purpose, the new tonal system, consolidated after at least two hundred years of experimentation. As a virtuoso violinist he was considered one of the greatest of his generation and contributed, thanks to the development of modern playing techniques and to his many disciples scattered throughout Europe, to place the violin among the most prestigious solo instruments and was also a significant figure in the evolution of the traditional orchestra.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: A dominant figure in Roman musical life and internationally highly regarded, he was desired by many courts and was included in the most prestigious artistic and intellectual society of his time, the Pontifical Academy of Arcadia. He was known in his time as "the new Orpheus", "the prince of musicians" and other similar adjectives, great folklore was generated around his figure and his fame did not diminish after his death. Even today his work is the subject of a voluminous critical bibliography and his sonatas are still widely used in musical academies as didactic material as well as pieces capable of affirming themselves in today's concert repertoire. His position in the history of Western music is considered crucial, being recognized as one of the greatest masters at the turn of the XVII and XVIII century, as well as one of the earliest and greatest classicists.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: Baptismal records indicate that Corelli was born on 17 February 1653 in the small Romagna town of Fusignano, then in the diocese of Ferrara, in the Papal States. His ancestors had been in Fusignano and land-owners there since 1506, when a Corelli moved to the area from Rome. Although apparently prosperous, they were almost certainly not of the nobility, as several fanciful accounts of the composer's genealogy subsequently claimed. Corelli's father, from whom he took the name Arcangelo, died five weeks before the composer's birth. Consequently, he was raised by his mother, Santa ("née" Ruffini, or Raffini), alongside four elder siblings.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: The wealth of anecdotes and legends attached to Corelli contrast sharply with the paucity of reliable contemporary evidence documenting events in his life. This gap is especially pronounced for his formative years, including his musical education; traditional accounts of a highly idealized childhood have long been debunked.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: According to the poet Giovanni Mario Crescimbeni, who presumably knew the composer well, Corelli initially studied music under a priest in the nearby town of Faenza, and then in Lugo, before moving in 1666 to Bologna. A major centre of musical culture of the time, Bologna had a flourishing school of violinists associated with Ercole Gaibara and his pupils, Giovanni Benvenuti and Leonardo Brugnoli. Reports by later sources link Corelli's musical studies with several master violinists, including Benvenuti, Brugnoli, Bartolomeo Laurenti and Giovanni Battista Bassani. Although historically plausible, these accounts remain largely unconfirmed, as does the claim that the papal contralto Matteo Simonelli first taught him to write in the “Palestrina style”. A remark Corelli later made to a patron suggests that his musical education focused mainly on the violin.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: Chronicles of the Accademia Filarmonica of Bologna indicate that Corelli was accepted as a member by 1670, at the exceptionally young age of seventeen. The credibility of this attribution has been disputed. Although the nickname "Il Bolognese" appears on the title-pages of Corelli's first three published sets of works (Opus 1 to 3), the duration of his stay in Bologna remains unclear.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: Anecdotes of travels outside Italy to France, Germany, and Spain lack any contemporary evidence. For example, the anecdote that Corelli's continental fame stemmed from a trip to Paris at the age of nineteen, where he was chased away by an envious Jean-Baptiste Lully, seems to have originated with Jean-Jacques Rousseau. It was also claimed that Corelli spent time in Germany in the service of Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (supposedly in 1681), as well as in the house of his friend and fellow violinist-composer Cristiano Farinelli (between 1680 and 1685).


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: Although it is unclear quite when Corelli arrived in Rome, he was certainly active there by 1675, when "Arcangelo Bolognese" (as he was referred to) was engaged to play as one of the supporting violinists in Lenten oratorios at the church of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini, as well as in the French national celebrations held each year on 25 August at San Luigi dei Francesi and during the ordination of a member of the powerful Chigi family at Santi Domenico e Sisto. In August 1676, he was already playing second violin to the renowned Carlo Mannelli at San Luigi dei Francesi. Although Rome did not have any permanent orchestra providing stable employment for instrumentalists, Corelli rapidly made a name for himself, playing in a variety of ensembles sponsored by wealthy patrons, such as Cardinal Benedetto Pamphili, for whom he played in Lenten oratorios at San Marcello from 1676 to 1679.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: In 1687 Corelli led the festival performances of music for Queen Christina of Sweden. He was also a favorite of Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni, grandnephew of another Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni, who in 1689 became Pope Alexander VIII. From 1689 to 1690 he was in Modena. The Duke of Modena was generous to him. In 1706 Corelli was elected a member of the Pontificia Accademia degli Arcadi (the Arcadian Academy of Rome). He received the Arcadian name of Arcomelo Erimanteo.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: In 1708 he returned to Rome, living in the palace of Cardinal Ottoboni. His visit to Naples, at the invitation of the king, took place in the same year. The style of execution introduced by Corelli and preserved by his pupils, such as Francesco Geminiani, Pietro Locatelli, Pietro Castrucci, Francesco Antonio Bonporti, Giovanni Stefano Carbonelli, Francesco Gasparini, and others, was of vital importance for the development of violin playing. It has been said that the paths of all of the famous violinist-composers of 18th-century Italy led to Arcangelo Corelli, who was their "iconic point of reference".


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: However, Corelli used only a limited portion of his instrument's capabilities. This may be seen from his writings. The parts for violin very rarely proceed above D on the highest string, sometimes reaching the E in fourth position on the highest string. The story has been told and retold that Corelli refused to play a passage that extended to A in altissimo in the overture to Handel's oratorio "The Triumph of Time and Truth" (premiered in Rome, 1708).


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: Nevertheless, his compositions for the instrument mark an epoch in the history of chamber music. His influence was not confined to his own country: his works were key in the development of the music of an entire generation of composers, including Antonio Vivaldi, Georg Friedrich Handel, Johann Sebastian Bach and François Couperin, as well as many others. Bach studied the works of Corelli and based an organ fugue (BWV 579) on Corelli's Opus 3 of 1689. Handel's Opus 6 "Concerti Grossi" take Corelli's own older Opus 6 "Concerti" as models, rather than the later three-movement Venetian concerto of Antonio Vivaldi favoured by Bach.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: Musical society in Rome also owed much to Corelli. He was received in the highest circles of the aristocracy, and for a long time presided at the celebrated Monday concerts in the palace of Cardinal Ottoboni.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: Corelli died in Rome in possession of a fortune of 120,000 marks and a valuable collection of works of art and fine violins, the only luxury in which he had indulged. He left both to his benefactor and friend, who generously made over the money to Corelli's relatives. Corelli is buried in the Pantheon at Rome.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: Corelli's artistic figure flourished at the height of the Baroque, a cultural current characterized by an ornate and luxuriant artistic expressiveness, rich of strong contrasts. His music developed from the Renaissance polyphony, but was characterized by a transition towards greater independence between the voices. New socio-cultural and religious factors, as well as a strong influence of theater and rhetoric, led to the development of a renewed musical language that could better express the spirit of the time, thus developing a wide range of new harmonical, vocal and instrumental techniques. It is the period in which the tonal system is definitively consolidated, abandoning the old modal system, and which has its most typical expression in the writing style called continuo or ciphered bass, in which the bass line and the top line are written in full, leaving the execution of the harmonic filling attributed to the other parts to the discretion of the performer, indicated synthetically by the author by numbers. The great importance attributed to the superior voice, which relegated the other parts to a subordinate role, brought out the figure of the virtuoso soloist.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: Despite the typically Baroque love for the extravagant, the bizarre, the asymmetrical and the dramatic, Corelli's production deviates from this scheme, favoring the classical principles of sobriety, symmetry, rationality, balanced and expressive moderation, as well as formal perfection, appreciated several times by coeval and contemporary critics, formulating an aesthetic that is among the beginners of the neoclassical school of music with considerable economy of means. In the description of the "Larousse Encyclopedia of Music", "no doubt others before him showed more originality, but none in his day showed a more noble interest in balance and order, or in formal perfection and meaning. Despite his Bolognese training, he embodies the classical era of Italian music, thanks above all to the Roman tradition. [...] Although he did not invent the forms he used, Corelli gave them a nobility and perfection that make him one of the greatest classicists”.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: Corelli's works were the result of long and thoughtful planning, and were published only after careful and multiple revisions. His latest collection seems to have taken more than thirty years to complete, and a statement he left in a letter of 1708 attests his insecurity: "After so many and extensive revisions I have rarely felt the confidence to deliver to the public the few compositions that I sent it to the press". Such a rigorous, rationally and organized method, and such a strong yearning for ideal perfection, are other characteristics that make him a classic in opposition to the wild, asymmetrical, irregular and improvisational spirit of the most typical Baroque. For Franco Piperno, "his printed work has an exceptionally well-kept and cohesive structure, deliberately designed to be didactic, modeling and monumental. It is no coincidence that one of the figures on the title page of his "Opera Terza" is written "to posterity", that is, as posterity would see him: as an authority on composition, execution and pedagogy, a source of full of potential ideas". He was rigid also in the choice of genres to deal with: the trio sonata, the sonata for solo instrument and the concerto grosso. All his production is for strings, with continuo accompaniment, which could be performed by a variable combination of organ, harpsichord, lutes or theorbos. He left no works for voice, but his compositions reveal a strong influence of vocal music in their expressiveness, as well as in the treatment of polyphony.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: In his time, the circle of fifths established itself as the main driver of chord progressions and, according to Richard Taruskin, Corelli practiced, more than anyone of his generation, new concepts with expressive, dynamic and structural purposes, which was fundamental for the sedimentation of the tonal system. Manfred Bukofzer, likewise, states that "Arcangelo Corelli deserves credit for the full realization of tonality in the field of instrumental music. His works happily usher in the late Baroque period. [...] Although closely linked to counterpoint tradition of the ancient Bolognese school, Corelli handled the new language with impressive confidence. On the other hand, chromatisms are rare in his music, but dissonances are relatively common and used as an expressive element, although they are always well prepared and well resolved. Critics have also highlighted the harmonious and balanced integration between polyphonic and homophonic elements, with polyphony which unfolds freely within a tonal structure. In his work there is an abundance of polyphonic expressive forms, the fugati, simple counterpoints and imitative writings, with themes that are repeated in succession by the various voices alternately, usually also called fugues, but in his style authentic fugues are rare, as his development differs from conventional models because of form, exhibiting a wide variety of solutions. According to Pincherle, one of the most significant aspects of Corelli's genius lies in the coordinated movement of these voices that intertwine, avoid each other and find themselves in such a way as to develop ever-changing motifs, establishing a unity through the motivic kinship of the different movements, a method which Fausto Torrefranca compared to the creation of "a frieze that runs along the walls and facades of a temple".


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: Among his influences are mainly the masters of the Bolognese school, such as Giovanni Benvenuti, Leonardo Brugnoli and Giovanni Battista Bassani. Also evident is the influence of Jean-Baptiste Lully, attested by Francesco Geminiani, as well as by the Venetian school, in particular Francesco Cavalli, Antonio Cesti and Giovanni Legrenzi. George J. Buelow, further, attests that the influence of Palestrina on the development of the polyphonic style of his music has been largely ignored, an influence received mainly through his teacher Simonelli, who was a singer of the Sistine Chapel, where Palestrina's work was one of the highlights of the repertoire.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: Corelli’s style has long been praised as paradigmatic for its clarity and its sober and expressive melodism, the quintessence of Arcadian good taste. Georg Friedrich Handel, Johann Sebastian Bach, Antonio Vivaldi, Giuseppe Torelli, Georg Muffat, Georg Philipp Telemann, Giuseppe Valentini, Benedetto Marcello, Pietro Locatelli, Giuseppe Sammartini, Francesco Geminiani and countless other musicians were inspired by the Corellian model in producing their orchestral music. In Rome its influence was so overwhelming that no composer of the next generation could completely avoid it. Along with Torelli and Vivaldi, Corelli was one of the key figures in establishing the concerto as a genre whose popularity still persists today.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: An 1827 music dictionary still echoed what Burney had said more than thirty years earlier: "Corelli's concerts have withstood all the onslaught of time and fashion, more firmly than his other works. Harmony is so pure, the parts so clearly, judiciously and ingeniously arranged, and the overall effect, played by a large orchestra, is so majestic, solemn and sublime, that they disarm any criticism and make one forget everything that has ever been composed in the same genre". In the opinion of Michael Talbot, writing for "The Cambridge Companion to the Concerto", it is difficult to explain the enduring popularity of this collection, considering the semplicity not the cause of its popularity, but only a precondition. He continues stating:


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: Six sets of twelve compositions, published between 1888 and 1891 by Chrysander, are authentically ascribed to Corelli, together with a few other works.


title: Arcangelo Corelli

text: His concerti grossi have often been popular in Western culture. For example, a portion of the "Christmas Concerto", Op. 6 No. 8, is in the soundtrack of the film "", and Corelli's Op. 6 No. 2 also provided the theme for Sir Michael Tippett's "Fantasia Concertante on a Theme of Corelli". British composer E. Florence Whitlock composed "Variations on a Theme by Corelli" for violin in 1968.


title: Bangalore University

text: Bangalore University (BU) is a public state university located in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The university is a part of the Association of Indian Universities (AIU), Association of Commonwealth Universities (ACU) and affiliated by University Grants Commission (UGC). Bangalore University is accredited by the NAAC with grade A in 2016 under the new grading system. Bangalore University was trifurcated into Bengaluru City University and Bengaluru North University.


title: Bangalore University

text: Dr Jayakar S M is the current Vice Chancellor appointed on 11 July 2022. Dr Cynthia Menezes Prabhu was the temporary Vice-Chancellor during June - July 2022. Dr Venugopal K R. was appointed as the Vice-Chancellor of Bangalore University on 12 June 2018 and his tenure ended on 10 June 2022. Dr. Venugopal K R, UVCE Alumni, Principal UVCE was the Special Officer to the Government of Karnataka for Trifurcating Bangalore University. He submitted the report on 26th March 2015 for restructuring Bangalore University into Bangalore University, Bengaluru City University and Bengaluru North University and UVCE to be carved out as Center of Excellence on the model of Indian Institute of Technology. Former Vice-Chancellor (VC) was Prabhu Dev. He resigned on 13 October 2012 to accept the Karnataka government's offer of chairmanship of the Karnataka Health System Commission. H.N. Ramesh was appointed as VC temporarily till new VC is appointed by the state


title: Bangalore University

text: With more than 650 affiliated colleges, the Karnataka government has decided to bifurcate, or 'carve out a new university' to ease management. To this effect, the state government had appointed two study groups. One group was headed by former Gulbarga University Vice-Chancellor N Rudraiah and another was a group formed by the Karnataka State Higher Education Council. The Rudraiah study suggested trifurcation of the university, while the Council suggested bifurcation.


title: Bangalore University

text: Bangalore University lists 70 government colleges, 52 aided colleges and 11 unaided colleges. Notable affiliated colleges include:


title: Bangalore University

text: The university is structured into six faculties- Arts, Science, Commerce & Management, Education, Law and Engineering. It has 43 Post Graduate Departments, a Postgraduate Centre at Kolar, (Started during 1994-95), three constituent colleges, 665 affiliated colleges (of which 115 have PG Courses) and several other Centres and Directorates of higher learning and research under its purview. At present, the university offers 50 Post Graduate Courses and Employment Oriented Diploma and Certificate Courses. The university has launched the five-year Integrated Courses in Biological Sciences, Social Sciences, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and Business Studies and four-year B.S. programme.


title: Bangalore University

text: The "QS World University Rankings" ranked Bangalore University 351-400 in Asia in 2020. The NIRF ranked it 100th overall and 68th among universities.


title: Bangalore University

text: In 2001, the university was accredited by NAAC and received Five Star Status. The university then once again reaccredited under the new grading system with a grade A.


title: Bangalore University

text: In a first, the university in 2010 announced admissions for transgender people by reserving one seat in each PG course. Now, the University's admission forms feature a third category of gender, namely 'Others'.


title: Troublemaker Studios

text: Troublemaker Studios is a film production company founded and owned by filmmaker Robert Rodriguez and producer Elizabeth Avellán. The company is based in Austin, Texas and is at the former site of the Robert Mueller Municipal Airport. It shares space with Austin Studios, which is managed by the Austin Film Society, and houses production offices, sound stages and the largest green screen in Texas.


title: Troublemaker Studios

text: The company's visual effects division, Troublemaker Digital, is also located at the site, and uses six-core AMD Opteron processors and FirePro graphics accelerators on many of its productions. A second facility, Troublemaker Sound, is located in the hill country outside Austin. It provides post-production sound and editing facilities, including a mixing and dubbing sound stage powered by a large Pro Tools installation, and a full Avid Unity-based editing system.


title: Troublemaker Studios

text: In the 1990s and 2000s, it had an alliance with Dimension Films to produce projects for the studio, with most of them becoming hit films and their box office successes. The company made its breakthrough with its first franchise being that of "Spy Kids". On August 12, 2021, the company had signed a deal with HBO and HBO Max.


title: Troublemaker Studios

text: The company was founded in 1991 as Los Hooligans Productions, taking its name from Rodriguez's own comic strip, "Los Hooligans", which he wrote and illustrated for three years while attending the University of Texas at Austin. Rodriguez chose the name so fans of the strip would recognize it when they saw his films. The company was reincorporated as Troublemaker Studios in 2000.


title: Troublemaker Studios

text: In 2010, Rodriguez launched Quick Draw Productions, a production and financing company that would allow him greater freedom to develop and produce film and television projects. Aaron Kaufman and Iliana Nikolic are his partners in the venture. In 2012, an animation division, Quick Draw Animation, was launched. Both companies are based at Troublemaker Studios.


title: Troublemaker Studios

text: In 2006, Rodriguez launched Rodriguez International Pictures, a film and television production company that mainly focuses on the horror genre. Its name is an homage to the low-budget production company American International Pictures.


title: Lexus F

text: The Lexus F and F-Sport marque is the high-performance division of cars produced by Lexus. The F is short for flagship and Fuji Speedway, the chief test site of Lexus performance vehicle development in Oyama, Suntō District, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.


title: Lexus F

text: A related performance trim line, Lexus F Sport, was launched for 2007, with an F Sport accessory line and factory models in 2010.


title: Lexus F

text: Lexus F models originated from the Lexus Vehicle Performance Development Division has also been involved with the brand's racing activities.


title: Lexus F

text: The F designation was originally used at Lexus' launch in 1989, as an internal code for the development of its first flagship vehicle.


title: Lexus F

text: In late 2006, Lexus filed trademark applications for an "F" emblem, leading to speculation that the luxury marque was about to launch a performance brand. At the time it was suggested that F stood for "Fast" or "Flagship." Later reports surmised that F referred to the Fuji Speedway whose first corner, 27R, was said to have inspired the shape of the "F" emblem. Company representatives mentioned in prior years of possibly starting a performance brand to compete with the likes of Mercedes' AMG, Audi's S/RS, Cadillac's V-series, and BMW's M division, among others. An earlier in-house tuning effort, the TRD-based L-Tuned, had offered performance packages on the IS 300 and GS 400 sedans in the early 2000s. Lexus' racing activities and sports model development had been handled by the Lexus Vehicle Performance Development Division, a branch of the Lexus Development Center, located in Aichi, Japan.


title: Lexus F

text: In September 2006, Lexus announced that the first vehicle in the F marque lineup, the Lexus IS F sedan, previously known in the press as the IS 500, would premiere at the North American International Auto Show in January 2007. The vehicle subsequently premiered in Detroit along with a redesigned version of the concept LF-A sports car. It was marketed that a "skunkworks" team directed by Yukihiko Yaguchi, who had previously worked on the Toyota Supra, had designed the new car.


title: Lexus F

text: A performance variant of the LS flagship, the LS 460 Sport, was released in 2010, and followed by F Sport versions of the CT 200h, GS 250, GS 350, and RX 350.


title: Lexus F

text: The Lexus IS F debuted at the North American International Auto Show on 8 January 2007. The vehicle features a 5.0 L direct-injected V8 producing 416 SAE hp (423 PS, 311 kW) at 6,600 rpm, while peak torque is at 5,200 rpm. The engine also features a two-stage intake system, engine oil and automatic transmission fluid coolers and an oil pump designed for high-speed cornering. Compared to the "2GR-FSE" V6, IS 350, the IS F features a "2UR-GSE" V8 engine and over . The IS F was scheduled to be in dealerships by early 2008.


title: Lexus F

text: The IS F made its European premiere at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2007, and premiered in Japan at the Fuji Speedway in October 2007. The vehicle went on sale in late 2007 in Japan, in early 2008 in the United States, and in Europe in 2008.


title: Lexus F

text: The Lexus LFA is a 2-seat coupe first unveiled as an F marque concept at the 2007 NAIAS. The original LF-A concept had a 4.8 liter V10 engine which produced an estimated 552 horsepower (411 kW) with a claimed top speed of approximately . Automotive media reports indicated that the LF-A concept car was approved for production. Prototypes of the LF-A had been spotted being tested at the Nürburgring race track in Germany. On 10 May 2008, a LF-A prototype was entered on the Nürburgring 4 hour VLN endurance race where it won the SP8 class. The vehicle was also entered in the 24 Hours Nürburgring where it qualified 27th among 223 cars, and finished 7th in the SP8 class.


title: Lexus F

text: On 4 April 2009, an LF-A won the SP8 class in the ADAC-Westfalenfahrt VLN 4h endurance race. An F marque roadster version of the LF-A concept car (designated LF-A Roadster or LF-AR) was shown at the 2008 North American International Auto Show on January 13, 2008. Initial specifications for the roadster were for a V10 engine under 5.0 L with over 500 hp and a top speed of over 200 mph. The LF-A Roadster had a retractable rear spoiler for improved handling at speed.


title: Lexus F

text: The production Lexus LFA was launched on October 21, 2009, at the Tokyo Motor Show. The vehicle was limited to 500 hand-built units with base price estimated at $375,000. At the Tokyo Motor Show, a circuit-ready model, the Nürburgring Edition, was also announced for 2012 release.


title: Lexus F

text: The Lexus RC F introduced a new 5.0 L V8 engine with 32-valves developed for the RC F. Rated at and torque, it was the most powerful V8 that Lexus has built for use in a production car and is paired with a specially-calibrated eight-speed Sports Direct Shift transmission.


title: Lexus F

text: The Lexus GS F is a version of the Lexus GS, introduced at the 2016 Detroit Auto Show. It has the 5.0 L V8 first included in the Lexus RC F.


title: Lexus F

text: Announced in 2007 at the Specialty Equipment Market Association show, the Lexus F Sport line for standard Lexus models debuted that year along with the IS F sports sedan. Initially offered as a lineup of performance accessories for the IS 250 and IS 350 sedans, in early 2009 F Sport expanded to the two-door IS C models, along with the entire GS line. Special edition factory-built F Sport IS 350 C models were announced in 2009, followed by factory-produced IS 250 F Sport and IS 350 F Sport models for 2010 globally outside of the US and then in 2011 for the US market.


title: Lexus F

text: Factory-produced F Sport models feature interior and exterior upgrades and can be differentiated visually by the F Sport badging, mesh grille, and spoiler. F Sport parts are produced in conjunction with Toyota Racing Development and included performance enhancements such as brake upgrades, stabilizer bars, lowering springs, Bilstein shocks, F Sport clutch, carbon fiber engine covers, and chassis braces. Personalization parts included rear spoilers, exhaust kits, and alloy wheels.


title: Lexus F

text: F Sport models have included the following (factory package) models: Lexus IS 250 F Sport (2010), Lexus IS 250 F Sport AWD (2010), Lexus IS 350 F Sport (2010), Lexus IS 350 F Sport AWD (2010), Lexus IS 250 C F Sport (2010), Lexus IS 350 C F Sport (2010), Lexus LS 460 F Sport, Lexus LS 600h F Sport, and Lexus CT 200h F Sport (2011). Also included models (accessory line): Lexus IS 250 (2007), Lexus IS 350 (2007), Lexus IS 250 C (2009), Lexus IS 350 C (2009), Lexus IS 250 AWD (2009), Lexus GS 350 (2009), Lexus GS 350 AWD (2009), and Lexus CT 200h (2011). A limited production model (special edition) also has been built: Lexus IS 350 C F Sport (2009). Additional F Sport models have been added, including the GS 250 F Sport, GS 350 F Sport, RX 350 F Sport, NX 200T F SPORT, NX 300 F SPORT, ES 350 F SPORT (2019), UX 250H F SPORT (2019) and UX 200 F SPORT (2019) models.


title: Lexus F

text: Introduced in 2021 with the release of the IS 500 F Sport Performance, the F Sport Performance line offers a higher level of performance than other F Sport models, but without the wider body, interior appointments such as sport bucket seats, nor extensively upgraded and tuned brakes, suspension, and chassis of the full-fledged F marque models. In the IS 500 F Sport Performance, this was developed to include the same 5.0 L (4,969 cc) "2UR-GSE" engine offered in the IS F, RC F, GS F, and LC 500, but with a standard-width IS model body with raised hood bulge and stacked quad exhaust tips. It also includes Yamaha rear performance dampers, F Sport–tuned Adaptive Variable Suspension, two-piece aluminum 14.0-in front and 12.7-in rear brake rotors, dark chrome window trim, F Sport Performance front door-sill scuff plates, IS 500 startup animation in multi-information display, and F Sport Performance 19-in staggered-width split-10-spoke Enkei alloy wheels, with optional 19-in split-seven-spoke forged alloy Matte Black BBS wheels.


title: Lexus F

text: Since their debut, Lexus F models have been their manufacturer's primary entrant in racing competitions. The LF-A prototype has competed on the Nürburgring since 2008 in VLN endurance races in partnership with Gazoo Racing and in the 24 Hours Nürburgring, also with the IS F. In 2010, an IS F won a class victory in VLN four-hour endurance competition. Also that year, two LFAs raced in the 2010 24 Hours of Nürburgring in the SP8 class over 4000cc which required a minimum weight of 1500 kg, a restrictor diameter of 34.2 mm, and a fuel tank size of 120 liters; the #50 LFA car won its class. The IS F has also been entered in the Superstars Series production-based touring car racing championship.


title: Julia Drusilla

text: Julia Drusilla (16 September AD 16 – 10 June AD 38) was a member of the Roman imperial family, the second daughter and fifth child of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder to survive infancy. She was the favorite sister of Emperor Caligula, who, after her death, had her deified under the name Diva Drusilla Panthea, and named his daughter Julia Drusilla after her.


title: Julia Drusilla

text: Drusilla was born in Abitarvium, modern day Koblenz, Germany. Besides the future emperor she also had two other brothers, Nero Julius Caesar and Drusus Caesar, as well as two sisters, Julia Livilla and the later empress Agrippina the Younger. She was a great-granddaughter of the Emperor Augustus and empress Livia, grand-niece of the Emperor Tiberius, niece of the Emperor Claudius, and aunt of the Emperor Nero. After the death of her father, Germanicus, she and her siblings were brought back to Rome by their mother and raised with the help of their paternal grandmother, Antonia Minor.


title: Julia Drusilla

text: In 33, Drusilla was married to Lucius Cassius Longinus, a friend of the Emperor Tiberius. She and Cassius are not known to have had any children. After Caligula became emperor in 37 he ordered their divorce and married his sister to his friend, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus.


title: Julia Drusilla

text: During an illness in 37, Caligula changed his will to name Drusilla his heir, making her the first woman to be named heir in a Roman imperial will. This was probably an attempt to continue the Julian line through any children she might have, leaving her husband to rule in the meantime. Caligula recovered however, and in 38, at the age of twenty-one, Drusilla died. Her brother went on to deify her, consecrating her with the title "Panthea" (all-goddess) and mourning at her public funeral as though he were a widower.


title: Julia Drusilla

text: Reportedly, Drusilla was her brother's favorite. There also are rumors that they were lovers, with the two reportedly having been together while they were still underage. If true, that role probably gained her great influence over Caligula. Although the activities between the brother and sister might have been seen as incestuous by their contemporaries, it is not certain whether they were sexual partners. Even if their relationship was not sexual, their close relationship was still very public. Caligula would treat her as if she was his "legal wife" even while she was married. Drusilla earned a rather poor reputation because of the close bond she shared with Caligula and even was likened to a prostitute by later scholars, in attempts to discredit Caligula.


title: Julia Drusilla

text: Some historians suggest that Caligula was motivated by more than mere lust or love in pursuing intimate relationships with his sisters, thinking instead, that he may have decided deliberately to pattern the Roman lineage after the Hellenistic monarchs of the Ptolemaic dynasty where marriages between jointly ruling brothers and sisters had become tradition rather than sex scandals. This also has been used to explain why his despotism apparently was more evident to his contemporaries than those of Augustus and Tiberius.


title: Julia Drusilla

text: The source of many of the rumors surrounding Caligula and Drusilla may be derived from formal Roman dining habits. It was customary in patrician households for the host and hostess of a dinner (or in other words, the husband and the wife in charge of the household) to hold the positions of honor at banquets in their residence. In the case of a young bachelor being the head of the household, the female position of honor traditionally was to be held by his sisters, in rotation. In Caligula's case, Agrippina the Younger, Drusilla, and Julia Livilla would have taken turns sitting in the place of honor. Apparently, Caligula broke with this tradition and reserved the place of honor exclusively for Drusilla. This could also be explained by Caligula wanting to have her in a place of prominence in public after naming her his heir.


title: Julia Drusilla

text: Another reason for the rumors of incest that surrounded Drusilla and Caligula could be due to attempts to discredit Caligula's leadership after his death. The most popular source of these rumors comes from Suetonius, a Roman historian and writer who was not born until 28 years after Caligula's death. He wrote that "[Caligula] lived in habitual incest with all his sisters" and that the two had once been caught together by their grandmother, Antonia.


title: Julia Drusilla

text: Drusilla died on 10 June 38 AD, probably of an illness that was rampant in Rome at the time. Caligula was said never to have left her side throughout her illness and, after she had died, he would not let anyone take away her body.


title: Julia Drusilla

text: Caligula was badly affected by the loss. He buried his sister with the honours of an Augusta and acted as a grieving widower. He had the Roman Senate declare her a Goddess, as "Diva Drusilla", deifying her as a representation of the Roman goddess Venus or the Greek goddess Aphrodite. Drusilla was consecrated as "Panthea", most likely on the anniversary of the birthday of Augustus.


title: Julia Drusilla

text: In addition the other honors she was given after her death by Caligula, he also declared a period of mourning. During this time, it became a capital crime to laugh, bathe, or dine with your parents, spouse, or children.


title: Julia Drusilla

text: A year later, Caligula named his only known daughter, Julia Drusilla, after his dead sister. Meanwhile, the widowed husband of Drusilla, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, reportedly became a lover to her sisters, Julia Livilla and Agrippina the Younger, in an apparent attempt to gain their support so that he could succeed Caligula. This political conspiracy was discovered during that autumn by Caligula while in Germania Superior. Lepidus was swiftly executed and Livilla and Agrippina were exiled to the Pontine Islands.


title: Isosorbide mononitrate

text: Isosorbide mononitrate, sold under many brand names, is a medication used for heart-related chest pain (angina), heart failure and esophageal spasms. It can be used both to treat and to prevent heart-related chest pain; however, it is generally less preferred than beta blockers or calcium channel blockers. It is taken by mouth.


title: Isosorbide mononitrate

text: Common side effects include headache, low blood pressure with standing, blurry vision, and skin flushing. Serious side effects may include low blood pressure especially if also exposed to PDE5 inhibitors such as sildenafil. Use is not recommended in pregnancy. It is believed to work by relaxing smooth muscle within blood vessels.


title: Isosorbide mononitrate

text: It was patented in 1971 and approved for medical use in 1981. It is available as a generic medication. In 2020, isosorbide was the 114th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 5million prescriptions.


title: Isosorbide mononitrate

text: Isosorbide mononitrate is a nitrate-class drug used for the prevention of angina pectoris. The sublingual patch has an onset of five minutes and a duration of action of one hour. The oral, slow release tablet has an onset of thirty minutes, and a duration of 8 hours.


title: Isosorbide mononitrate

text: Very common: Headache predominates (up to 30%) necessitating withdrawal of 2 to 3% of patients, but the incidence reduces rapidly as treatment continues.


title: Isosorbide mononitrate

text: Common: Tiredness, sleep disturbances (6%) and gastrointestinal disturbances (6%) have been reported during clinical trials with isosorbide mononitrate modified-release tablets, but at a frequency no greater than for placebo. Hypotension (4 to 5%), poor appetite (2.5%), nausea (1%)


title: Isosorbide mononitrate

text: Adverse effects associated with the clinical use of the drug are as expected with all nitrate preparations. They occur mainly in the early stages of treatment.


title: Isosorbide mononitrate

text: Hypotension (4%) with symptoms such as dizziness and nausea (1%) have been reported. In general, these symptoms disappear during long-term treatment.


title: Isosorbide mononitrate

text: Other reactions that have been reported with isosorbide mononitrate-modified release tablets include tachycardia, vomiting, diarrhoea, vertigo, and heartburn.


title: Isosorbide mononitrate

text: It is sold in the US by Lannett Company, under the trade name Monoket, and was also sold in the US under the name Imdur, and marketed in the UK under the trade names: Isotard, Monosorb, Chemydur. In India, this drug is available under the brand names of Ismo, Imdur, Isonorm, Monotrate, Solotrate, and Monit. In Russia it is occasionally used under the brand names Monocinque and Pektrol. In Australia, this drug is available under the brand name Duride.


title: Glibenclamide

text: Glibenclamide, also known as glyburide, is an antidiabetic medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is recommended that it be taken together with diet and exercise. It may be used with other antidiabetic medication. It is not recommended for use by itself in type 1 diabetes. It is taken by mouth.


title: Glibenclamide

text: Common side effects include nausea and heartburn. Serious side effects may include angioedema and low blood sugar. It is generally not recommended during pregnancy but can be used during breastfeeding. It is in the sulfonylureas class of medications and works by increasing the release of insulin from the pancreas.


title: Glibenclamide

text: Glibenclamide was discovered in 1969 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1984. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 200th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2million prescriptions.


title: Glibenclamide

text: Glibenclamide is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.


title: Glibenclamide

text: Frequently reported side effects include: nausea, heartburn, weight gain, and bloating. The medication is also a major cause of medication-induced hypoglycemia. The risk is greater than with other sulfonylureas.


title: Glibenclamide

text: The medication works by binding to and inhibiting the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K) inhibitory regulatory subunit sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) in pancreatic beta cells. This inhibition causes cell membrane depolarization, opening voltage-dependent calcium channels. This results in an increase in intracellular calcium in the pancreatic beta cell and subsequent stimulation of insulin release.


title: Glibenclamide

text: After a cerebral ischemic insult, the blood–brain barrier is broken and glibenclamide can reach the central nervous system. Glibenclamide has been shown to bind more efficiently to the ischemic hemisphere. Moreover, under ischemic conditions SUR1, the regulatory subunit of the K and the NC-channels, is expressed in neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, endothelial cells and by reactive microglia.


title: Glibenclamide

text: As per the research papers, this sulphonylurea drugs also has extra hepatic effects. It works by inhibiting the enzyme Carnityl Acyl Transferase I (CAT-I) indirectly which is present in the mitochondria. This prevents the transport of long chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation. This prevents hyperglycemia for which it is prescribed.


title: Glibenclamide

text: It was developed in 1966 in a cooperative study between Boehringer Mannheim (now part of Roche) and Hoechst (now part of Sanofi-Aventis).


title: Glibenclamide

text: Glibenclamide is available as a generic medication, is manufactured by many pharmaceutical companies and is sold under many brand names including Gliben-J, Daonil, Diabeta, Euglucon, Gilemal, Glidanil, Glybovin, Glynase, Maninil, Micronase and Semi-Daonil. It is also available in a fixed-dose combination drug with metformin that is sold under various trade names, e.g. Bagomet Plus, Benimet, Glibomet, Gluconorm, Glucored, Glucovance, Metglib and many others.


title: Magician (Feist novel)

text: Magician is a fantasy novel by American writer Raymond E. Feist. It is the first book of the Riftwar Saga and of the wider Riftwar Cycle. Magician was originally published in 1982. The book is set in a "Dungeons & Dragons"-style fantasy world called Midkemia, originally invented by Feist and his friends during college. The story follows the early life of friends Pug and Tomas as their world is overtaken by war against alien invaders who appear via portals.


title: Magician (Feist novel)

text: In 1992, after the author, and series, fame had grown it was re-published in an edition titled "The Author's Preferred Edition" (or "revised edition" in some markets) text restored from the original edit. Magician is viewed as a classic Fantasy novel which focuses more on the broad politics of nations rather than individual stories. Several adaptions for TV have been attempted, but none have moved beyond the initial stage.


title: Magician (Feist novel)

text: "Magician" is Feist's first published novel, written in the years after he graduated from University of California, San Diego. At university he was a fan of role-playing games and regularly played with his friends. The name and broad idea for Midkemia came from a group of friends who invented the world and some of the core mechanics, such as the magic system. Prior to starting work on Magician, Feist had written some short and "light-hearted" stories about the world they had created.


title: Magician (Feist novel)

text: Feist graduated in 1977 and began work in the healthcare industry. At this time he had the idea for a novel involving a boy magician and began to write. At some point Feist lost his job but his friends bankrolled the effort to complete Magician. The book was finished by 1979 and published in 1982 by Doubleday books.


title: Magician (Feist novel)

text: "Magician" was separated into two volumes for the United States market and published as: Magician: Apprentice and Magician: Master. It was republished in 1992 in a 10th Anniversary edition entitled "The Author's Preferred Edition" containing scenes that had been cut from the original. Feist wanted to make sure any re-issue included new material so restored some scenes he felt were important but also retained some of the original cuts.


title: Magician (Feist novel)

text: As well as being based on the world invented with his friends at university, "Magician" has a number of other influences. The book contains a number of common fantasy tropes but also draws from other ideas; writing in "Foundation", Hannu Hiilos draws parallels to the work of James Fenimore Cooper and the story of Robin Hood. Feist acknowledged that the Tekumel setting from M. A. R. Barker's "Empire of the Petal Throne" was the source for much of the world of Kelewan. The original D&D campaign which he based his books on had an invasion of the Midkemia world by Tekumel. As a result, much of the background of Kelewan – the Tsurani Empire, the lack of metals and horses, the Cho'ja, the pantheons of 10 major and 10 minor gods – come from Tekumel. Feist claims to have been unaware of this origin when he wrote "Magician".


title: Magician (Feist novel)

text: In the twelfth year of the reign of Rodric the Fourth, an orphaned kitchen boy named Pug is made an apprentice magician to the magician Kulgan in Crydee. A struggling student of magic, he rises to high station by saving Princess Carline, Duke Borric’s daughter, from mountain trolls and becomes a squire of the Duke's court.


title: Magician (Feist novel)

text: Following the discovery of a foreign ship wrecked after a storm and reports of bizarrely dressed warriors appearing in the forests, Pug’s liege, Lord Borric sets out for Krondor, the capital of the western realm of the kingdom, to convey the news and ask for aid. Their party is attacked, however, by dark elves and they are rescued by dwarves and their leader Dolgan who leads them through a series of mines to the coast.


title: Magician (Feist novel)

text: Shortly after arriving in Krondor, Lord Borric’s band are instructed to carry on to Rillanon, the capital of the kingdom. Once there, however they are refused any help from the King Rodric, who suffers from madness and delusions, and they are turned away.


title: Magician (Feist novel)

text: War erupts between the Midkemians and the otherworldly Tsurani. The Duke's troops engage in a fierce battle in an effort to locate and destroy the rift in spacetime which gives access to the Tsurani, but Pug is captured and taken back through the rift to Kelewan, the Tsurani homeworld, as a slave. After years of stalemate fighting on Midkemia by the two opposing forces, Pug returns as a magician, a Great One, the Tsurani name for master practitioners of magic. Meanwhile, a fellow slave, Laurie, along with a Tsurani warrior, Kasumi, embark on a secret errand of peace from the Tsurani Emperor to King Rodric in Rillanon, but also fail to persuade the mad king.


title: Magician (Feist novel)

text: Discovering that Pug is alive and prospering as a magician, the dying Duke Borric reveals that he has adopted Pug into his family, also giving him an island – Stardock, where Pug is to begin an academy of magic. Duke Borric also reveals that Martin is his son and the older brother to Lyam and Arutha. Upon Borric’s death, Lyam becomes Duke of Crydee and commander of the Armies of the West. Shortly after, King Rodric appears at the camp after hearing the news of Borric's death. King Rodric himself then leads a charge against the Tsurani, breaking their ranks and driving them back, but suffering a mortal wound. While dying, the King's sanity seems to return and he apologizes to Lyam and names him heir to the throne.


title: Magician (Feist novel)

text: With Rodric's death, Lyam assumes command and sues for a peace treaty with the Emperor Ichindar. During the peace conference, the two rulers, with Pug as the interpreter, begin on good terms by exchanging gifts. Due to the interference of powerful and mysterious sorcerer Macros the Black, the elves and dwarves mistakenly perceive treachery, and the truce dissolves into an all-out conflict. Macros enlists Pug's help to close the rift once and for all, and the connection between the two worlds is severed, leaving numerous stranded Tsurani soldiers in Midkemia, including Kasumi. The Tsurani, who expect to be put to death as is custom on their world, are instead granted freedom in return for their pledge of service to the Kingdom, and are stationed in LaMut with Kasumi made Earl and given command.


title: Magician (Feist novel)

text: Lyam chooses to reveal Martin's birthright on the eve of his selection and coronation, threatening to throw the Kingdom into turmoil and potential civil war, but Martin relinquishes his claim, making Lyam the rightful king and ending any possibility of dispute.


title: Magician (Feist novel)

text: Colin Greenland reviewed "Magician" for "Imagine" magazine, and stated that "There isn't really anything original about "Magician". It relies heavily on generalized characters and landscapes; but after a slow start Feist gets everything in perspective, emphasizing the distances and difficulties of stopping this war nobody really wanted to start." More recent criticism has highlighted that the majority of main characters in the book are male, with female characters largely sidelined.


title: Magician (Feist novel)

text: In March 2006, the novel was adapted into a comic book series titled "Magician Apprentice", released by Dabel Brothers Productions and Marvel Comics. The first six issues were released as a graphic novel hardcover. After almost one year of collaboration, Dabel Brothers Productions and Marvel parted ways, with all the books, including "Magician", being retained by Marvel. In June 2009, the series continued with the release of a 5-part Marvel limited series titled "Raymond E. Feist's Riftwar". The series was also released as graphic novel hard cover (Volume 2) by Marvel. Issues 13-18 are planned to be released under the title "Magician: Riftwar".


title: Magician (Feist novel)

text: Magician was first optioned for television adaptation in 2018 by BCDF Television. Feist stated he had been in numerous discussions since publication but that this was the first time he was happy to sell the rights. The deal with BCDF fell through, but in February 2022 it was announced that Six Studios had obtained the rights to the first six books in the arc.


title: Area 51 (film)

text: Area 51 is a 2015 American found footage science fiction horror film directed and shot by Oren Peli and co-written by Peli and Christopher Denham. The film stars Reid Warner, Darrin Bragg, Ben Rovner, and Jelena Nik. The film was produced by Jason Blum under his Blumhouse Productions banner, and was released in a limited release and through video on demand on May 15, 2015, by Paramount Insurge.


title: Area 51 (film)

text: Three close friends, Reid, Darrin, and Ben, attend a party together, during which Reid vanishes. Unable to locate him, Ben and Darrin leave. Driving home on a dark, secluded road, the two nearly run over their friend Reid, who is inexplicably standing in the roadway in a daze.


title: Area 51 (film)

text: After the incident, Reid becomes fascinated with aliens and, in particular, Area 51. Reid spends months planning to infiltrate Area 51 to uncover the base's secrets. However, Reid's obsessive extraterrestrial research leaves him detached from his family and he loses his job. Reid recruits his friends Darrin and Ben. Together with Jelena, another conspiracy theorist whose father worked at Area 51, they contrive to sneak onto the military base using signal jammers, night vision goggles, Freon-laced jumpsuits, and pills to mask their ammonia levels. Jelena's father advises the group to investigate a man who works at Area 51 in a key position. Reid and Darrin sneak into the man's house and steal his security badge. Ben drops his three friends off in the desert outside the base and waits for their return. Reid, Darrin and Jelena bypass the base's perimeter defenses. They use the stolen security badge to enter the complex. Exploring the base, the trio discover a lab containing anti-gravity material and a lifelike liquid substance. They also find an alien spacecraft in a hangar, which only Reid can enter or interact with. The three reach the 'S4'-level of Area 51, which stores the complex's most secret information and experiments. They trigger an alarm and are swarmed by guards. Darrin gets separated from his friends. Eluding the guards, Darrin narrowly escapes a predatory alien and retreats to the base's higher levels.


title: Area 51 (film)

text: Reid and Jelena venture deeper into the complex to discover a cavern-like structure beneath Area 51. There they find articles of clothing, toys, and later, pods containing human blood and organs. The two stumble on a colony of sleeping aliens. An alien awakens and chases them out of the cave into a different section of the complex where they find themselves in a white chamber. As Reid examines a series of alien symbols, Jelena is suddenly dragged away by an unseen force. Reid locates her, but she is unresponsive and in a trance. The chamber suddenly loses gravity, revealing them on board a silver alien spacecraft, from which Reid's camera falls and plummets to the ground.


title: Area 51 (film)

text: Darrin successfully escapes the complex to learn that all base personnel are evacuating Area 51. He exits back into the desert, where he finds Ben waiting for the trio to return. Darrin explains their group was separated. He frantically urges Ben to drive away; however, the car's engine dies. The camcorder captures the pair's abduction from the car.


title: Area 51 (film)

text: In a post-credits scene, an old man the group previously interviewed finds Reid's camcorder, which is still-recording.


title: Area 51 (film)

text: Production for the film began in the fall of 2009. In April 2011, CBS Films hired director and actor Christopher Denham to do some rewrites on "Area 51". Peli filmed re-shoots in 2013. In August 2013, Jason Blum stated that the film had finished production and that Peli was "tinkering" with the film in post production. On March 14, 2015, Blum confirmed that the film was officially done and would perhaps be released on VOD. On April 23, 2015 it was announced the film would open exclusively in Alamo Drafthouse theaters and through video on demand platforms on May 15, 2015.


title: Area 51 (film)

text: The film was released in Alamo Drafthouse theaters exclusively for a weekend-long-run, and on video on demand platforms beginning on May 15, 2015, courtesy of Paramount Insurge and Blumhouse Tilt. The film made a total of $7,556 for its weekend long-run.


title: Area 51 (film)

text: "Area 51" received generally negative reviews from critics. On "Rotten Tomatoes" it has an approval rating of 13% based on reviews from 8 critics.


title: Area 51 (film)

text: Brian Tallerico writing for "RogerEbert.com" gave the film one and half stars and mainly criticized the film's generic plot and pacing. A. A. Dowd from The A.V. Club gave "Area 51" a 'C'-rating and criticized the film's originality when compared to Oren Peli's previous film, "Paranormal Activity".