title: Michel Roux

text: Many well known chefs have been trained by one or the other of the Roux brothers, with Michel estimating in 2010 that "Half of the Michelin star-holders in Britain come from either my brother's kitchen or my kitchen". These have included Gordon Ramsay, Marco Pierre White, and Pierre Koffman.


title: Michel Roux

text: Roux was awarded the Meilleur Ouvrier de France en Pâtisserie in 1976. He was a member of several orders in France. In 1987, he was inducted into the National Order of Merit as a Chevalier (knight), and into the Mérite agricole as an officer. In 1990 he was made a Chevalier in the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, and in 2004 the Legion of Honour followed. Outside France he was made an honorary Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 2002, and was made an honorary Doctor of Culinary Arts by the University of Rhode Island in the same year.


title: Michel Roux

text: Michel Roux was the brother of Albert Roux. Michel had a son named Alain Roux, while Albert's son is also named Michel Roux. When Alain was ten years old, Roux and his wife divorced, with his wife taking British-born Alain and his two sisters to France. Alain would visit during the school holidays and work with Michel in the kitchens, and decided at the age of fourteen that he wanted to become a chef like his father.


title: Michel Roux

text: Roux met his second wife (1984–2017) Robyn Joyce, after being set up on a blind date with her by former apprentice Leigh Stone-Herbert in Sydney, Australia. The relationship has been credited with opening the door to Australian chefs being trained by the Roux brothers.


title: Michel Roux

text: Michel Roux died on the night of 11 March 2020, at home in Bray, Berkshire, aged 78, following a history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: Invasion, also known as Attraction 2 (), is a 2020 Russian science fiction action film directed and produced by Fyodor Bondarchuk's company by Art Pictures Studio and Vodorod. The action of the film unfolds after the events described in "Attraction" (2017). The film stars Irina Starshenbaum, Rinal Mukhametov, Alexander Petrov, Yuri Borisov, Oleg Menshikov, and Sergei Garmash.


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: "Invasion" is Bondarchuk’s third film and the eighth Russian film shot in IMAX format, the film premiered in preview from the end of December 26, 2019. A wide distribution of the film was released in Russia on January 1, 2020 by WDSSPR. It was the final film distributed by WDSSPR before its dissolution between Walt Disney Studios Sony Pictures Releasing. Sony will continue to produce and distribute their films in Russia.


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: The action takes place three years after the events of "Attraction". Julia (Irina Starshenbaum), who was saved from death with the help of extraterrestrial technologies, has unusual abilities now. The girl has become the object of the research conducted in secret laboratories of the Ministry of defense. Julia's new abilities attract not only people on Earth, they are becoming a threat to extraterrestrial civilizations - because of that the Earth is threatened with invasion. Hekon is back to save her. This time with the help of Sol.


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: In March 2017, the project director Fyodor Bondarchuk officially confirmed the continuation of the project; The budget for the second part was planned in the amount of 645 million rubles. The preparatory process went on for a year and a half.


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: Unlike the first film, events do not take place in the Moscow district of Chertanovo, but in the central part of Moscow, including the territory of Moscow State University and beyond. As in the first part, the shooting took part in modern equipment of the Russian Armed Forces, including the Aurus Senat car in the sedan version, which was created as part of the Cortege project.


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: Principal photography began on July 24, 2018, covered almost 10,000 kilometers and was held in the strictest confidence. 2 film crews were shot in Moscow, and were held in strict secrecy, Kaliningrad, Kamchatka Peninsula and Hungary.


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: The whole district of Moscow was cordoned off at night to shoot a scene of a chase with eight cameras and a helicopter in Orlikov Lane and on the neighbouring streets. Part of the chase was shot on an unfinished section of the fourth ring road in Moscow, which was specially filled with cars.


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: Artists made a mini-expedition to Kaliningrad to shoot a Finnish episode of the beginning of the film, one of the first scenes of which was shot during a real storm.


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: The film crew flew to Kamchatka, to Russian New Zealand, for 2 days for an astounding shooting of the final scene, shot in the Ksudach stratovolcano, the last eruption of which occurred 100 years


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: It was in the legendary "Origo Studio" in Budapest that some scenes of complex floods were shot with almost 450 people participating in a gigantic mobile stage formed by a gigantic pool fueled by fire hydrants where you can load jewelry. Thus, the roof of a 9-story building was built there in full size and immersed under one of the scenes of the film.


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: For filming underwater scenes, Irina Starshenbaum studied diving for two months before shooting. Her record is 15 hours of filming in the pool.


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: The composer Igor Vdovin wrote the soundtrack for this film. It has been available since January 10, 2020, on Yandex Music, iTunes,


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: Another trailer contains a remix, also from Imagine Music, the famous tune of Swan Lake by Tchaikovsky.


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: The team of the Russian special effects studio Main Road Post, responsible for the film’s graphics, recreated Moscow to the last detail using a computer to create, a grandiose apocalyptic scene of large-scale immersion in water, “a real challenge,” says Arman Yakhin, director of the studio.


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: "Invasion" was released in the Russian Federation on January 1, 2020 by Walt Disney Studios Sony Pictures Releasing (WDSSPR).


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: Comic-Con Russia 2019 was held in Moscow for the sixth time from October 3 to 6 at the Crocus Expo Pavilion №1. Simultaneously with the festival, the fourteenth annual exhibition of interactive entertainment "IgroMir" will be held.


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: "Invasion" is the third film of Fyodor Bondarchuk, released in IMAX format after "Stalingrad" (2013 film) and "Attraction" (2017 film).


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: As of January 12, 2020, the Invasion earned $14.8 million internationally. The creators expected that in the end, the revenue would be 3 billion rubles ($48 million).


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: "Invasion" cost $10 million. As of February 9, 2020, it had earned $16,108,069 internationally, including 82 million rubles on the first day.


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: The total box office receipts for the first film, "Attraction" (2017), totaled 44 million rubles during its first day and exceeded one billion rubles ($16 million) in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. In 2017, more than 4 million viewers saw it at the cinema, and this film was also one of the most watched on VOD.


title: Invasion (2020 film)

text: CIS, In the community of independent states, as of February 9, 2020, "Invasion" had 3,583,764 viewers, 993,646,969 rubles in total revenue ($16,049,862), and distributed 1,806 copies for 140,987 screenings. As of that date the film ranked second at the Russian box office in 2020, surpassing "".


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser are two sword-and-sorcery heroes appearing in stories written by American author Fritz Leiber. They are the protagonists of what are probably Leiber's best-known stories. One of his motives in writing them was to have a couple of fantasy heroes closer to true human nature than the likes of Howard's Conan the Barbarian or Burroughs's Tarzan.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: Fafhrd is a very tall (nearly ) and strong northern barbarian, skilled at both swordsmanship and singing. The Mouser is a small (not much more than ) mercurial thief, gifted and deadly at swordsmanship (often using a sword in one hand and a long dagger or in the other), as well as a former wizard's apprentice who retains some skill at magic. Fafhrd talks like a romantic, but his strength and practicality usually wins through, while the cynical-sounding Mouser is prone to showing strains of sentiment at unexpected times. Both are rogues, living in a decadent world where only the ruthless and cynical survive. They spend a lot of time drinking, feasting, wenching, brawling, stealing, and gambling, while are seldom fussy about who hires their swords. Still, they are humane and—most of all—relish true adventure.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: The characters were loosely modeled upon Leiber himself and his friend Harry Otto Fischer. Fischer initially created them in a letter to Leiber in September 1934, naming at the same time their home city of Lankhmar. In 1936, Leiber finished the first Fafhrd and Gray Mouser novella, "Adept's Gambit", and began work on a second, "The Tale of the Grain Ships". At the same time, Fischer was writing the beginning of "The Lords of Quarmall". "Adept's Gambit" would not see publication until 1947, while "The Lords of Quarmall" would be finished by Leiber and published in 1964. His second story, "The Tale of the Grain Ships", would become the prototype for "Scylla's Daughter" (1961) and, later, the novel "The Swords of Lankhmar" (1968).


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: The stories of Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser respectively were only loosely connected until the 1960s, when Leiber organized them chronologically and added additional material in preparation for paperback publication. Starting as young men, the two separately meet their female lovers, meet each other, and lose both their lovers in the same night, which explains both their friendship and the arrested adolescence of their lifestyles. However, in later stories, the two mature, learn leadership, and eventually settle down with new female partners on the Iceland-like Rime Isle. The novels have many picaresque elements, and are sometimes described as picaresque on the whole.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: The majority of the stories are set in the fictional world of Nehwon ("ne hwon", or "Nowhen" backwards: contrasted to Samuel Butler's 1872 "Erewhon"). Many of them take place in and around its greatest city, Lankhmar. It is described as "a world like and unlike our own". Theorists in Nehwon believe that their world may be shaped like a bubble, floating in the waters of eternity.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: Sundered from us by gulfs of time and stranger dimensions dreams the ancient world of Nehwon with its towers and skulls and jewels, its swords and sorceries. Nehwon's known realms crowd about the Inner Sea: northward the green-forested fierce Land of the Eight Cities, eastward the steppe-dwelling Mingol horsemen and the desert where caravans creep from the rich Eastern Lands and the River Tilth. But southward, linked to the desert only by the Sinking Land and further warded by the Great Dike and the Mountains of Hunger, are the rich grain fields and walled cities of Lankhmar, eldest and chiefest of Nehwon's lands. Dominating the Land of Lankhmar and crouching at the silty mouth of the River Hlal in a secure corner between the grain fields, the Great Salt Marsh, and the Inner Sea is the massive-walled and mazy-alleyed metropolis of Lankhmar, thick with thieves and shaven priests, lean-framed magicians and fat-bellied merchants—Lankhmar the Imperishable, the City of the Black Toga.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: In "The Swords of Lankhmar", it is revealed that Nehwon is just one of many worlds in a multiverse when Fafhrd and the Mouser join forces with a German explorer named Karl Treuherz who is looking for his spacecraft, which he uses to cross the boundaries between parallel dimensions in his hunt for new animals to feature at a zoo.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: Technology in Nehwon varies between the Iron Age and medieval. Leiber wrote of Lankhmarts: "They may be likened to the Romans or be thought of as, if I may use such a term, southern medievals." On the topic of his Eastern Lands, he wrote: "think of Saracens, Arabs, Parthians, Assyrians even. They ride the camel and elephant, and use the bow extensively."


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: The series includes many bizarre and outlandish characters. The two who most influence—and, some would say, cause the most trouble—for Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser are their sorcerous advisers, Ningauble of the Seven Eyes and Sheelba of the Eyeless Face (see Ningauble and Sheelba, below). These two lead the heroes into some of their most interesting and dangerous adventures.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: The first story, "Two Sought Adventure", appeared in "Unknown" in August 1939; the last in "The Knight and Knave of Swords" in 1988. Although Leiber credited his friend Harry Otto Fischer with the original concepts for his characters, it was Leiber who wrote nearly all the stories. 10,000 words of "The Lords of Quarmall" were penned by Fischer early in the development of the series; the story was completed by Leiber in 1964. Fischer also wrote "The Childhood and Youth of the Gray Mouser", published in 1978. The stories' style and tone vary considerably, but nearly all contain an often dark sense of humor, which ranges from the subtle and character-based to the Pythonesque.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: In 2009, Benjamin Szumskyj's "Strange Wonders" included the first few chapters of "The Tale of the Grain Ships", written in the 1930s. This unfinished fragment depicts the Gray Mouser in Rome during the reign of the Emperor Claudius.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: In 1972, Fafhrd and the Mouser began their comics career, appearing in "Wonder Woman" #202 alongside the title character and Catwoman in a story scripted by award-winning SF writer Samuel R. Delany. In 1973, DC Comics began an ongoing series, "Sword of Sorcery", featuring the duo. The title was written by Denny O'Neil and featured art by Howard Chaykin, Walt Simonson and Jim Starlin; the well-received title ran only five issues. Stories included adaptations of "The Price of Pain-Ease", "Thieves' House", "The Cloud of Hate", and "The Sunken Land", as well as original stories. This series was collected by Dark Horse Comics in a trade paperback collection published in June 2008.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: In 1991, Epic Comics published a four-issue comic book adaptation of seven of the stories: "Ill Met in Lankhmar" (issue 1), "The Circle Curse" and "The Howling Tower" (issue 2), "The Price of Pain Ease" and "Bazaar of the Bizarre" (issue 3), and "Lean Times in Lankhmar" and "When the Sea King's Away" (issue 4). The comics were scripted by Howard Chaykin, who had drawn several issues of the earlier DC title, and pencilled by Mike Mignola, whose "Hellboy" comic book often has a similar feel to Leiber's work. Mignola also did the jacket covers and interior art for the White Wolf collection. This series was collected by Dark Horse Comics in a trade paperback collection published in March 2007.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: Marvel Comics created their own version of Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser, when they introduced Fafnir of Vanaheim and his companion Blackrat to the "Conan" comic series. The pairs of characters were very much alike and Roy Thomas, who wrote the original "Conan" comics, made no secret that it was his intention to create characters that were a tribute to Fritz Leiber's creations.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: In 1937, Leiber and his college friend Harry Otto Fischer created a complex wargame set within the world of Nehwon, which Fischer had helped to create. Later, they created a simplified board game entitled simply "Lankhmar" which was released by TSR in 1976. This is a rare case of a game adaptation written by the creators of the stories that the game is based on.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: Nehwon, and some of its more interesting inhabitants, are described in the early Dungeons and Dragons supplement "Deities and Demigods", and the stories themselves were a significant influence on the Dungeons and Dragons role playing game.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: In 1986 Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser were featured in a 1-on-1 Adventure Gamebook set, "Dragonsword of Lankhmar". One player controlled Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser, who were trying to find a magical sword beneath an altar (just which one, they were not sure) in Lankhmar. The other player controlled assassins from the local thieves' guild, who were trying to kill the famous rogues for operating in the city without permission from the guild.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: In Bethesda's "", when visiting the Ratway in the city of Riften, the first enemies you meet are a sneaky-looking fellow and a barbarian type called Drahff and Hewnon Black-Skeever. Drahff is an anagram of Fafhrd, "Black-Skeever" is a play on "Gray-Mouser" and Hewnon is an anagram of Nehwon, the world in which Fafhrd and the Gray-Mouser live. In Dodge Roll's "Enter the Gungeon", the player can encounter a pair of characters named Frifle and the Grey Mauser, styled to look like the eponymous heroes.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: Ningauble of the Seven Eyes and Sheelba of the Eyeless Face are two wizards who serve as patrons for Fafhrd and the Mouser. Patron warlock of Fafhrd, Ningauble is so named due to his seven (usually only six visible) glowing eyes, seen roving within, and sometimes projecting from, the hood of his cloak. Along with the Gray Mouser's patron warlock, Sheelba, Ningauble often sends his servant on ludicrous missions such as recovering the Mask of Death or stealing the very stars from the highest mountain. Ningauble's mysterious cavern has obscure space-time portals, which prevent Fafhrd and the Mouser from being sent into other worlds. Ningauble is referred to as the "gossiper of the gods", because of his fondness for stories of an unusual nature (whether or not they are true seems irrelevant) or his sometimes bizarre spies and informants. Ningauble is a mysterious being with a manipulative character, as described in this passage from "Adept's Gambit":


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: Some said that Ningauble had been created by the Elder Gods for men to guess about and to sharpen their imaginations for even tougher riddles. None knew whether he had the gift of foresight, or whether he merely set the stage for future events with such a bewildering cunning that only an efreet or an adept could evade acting the part given him.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: The relationship between Fafhrd and Ningauble of the Seven Eyes is captured well in this exchange from "The Swords of Lankhmar:"


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: Ningauble shrugged his cloaked, bulbous shoulders. "I thought you were a brave man, addicted to deeds of derring-do."


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: Fafhrd cursed sardonically, then demanded, "But even if I should go clang those rusty bells, how can Lankhmar hold out until then with her walls breached and the odds fifty to one against her?"


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: The Mouser's patron, Sheelba of the Eyeless Face, is named for the featureless darkness within his/her hood. In contrast to Ningauble's love of often pointless storytelling, Sheelba is taciturn, choosing his/her words as if they were valuables to be disbursed parsimoniously. That the stoic Fafhrd is paired with the voluble Ningauble, while the story-loving Mouser with the laconic Sheelba is doubly ironic. Sheelba's sigil is an empty oval (presumably signifying an empty hooded face).


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: Sheelba's gender is ambiguous: Harry Fischer, who first conceived of the character, claimed Sheelba was female, while to Fischer's surprise Leiber referred to Sheelba as male beginning in "The Swords of Lankhmar". In fact, Leiber refers to Sheelba as "he" throughout the six books of the series, switching to "she" for the first time only in the last book, "The Knight and Knave of Swords", without explanation. Leiber's friend, Frederick MacKnight, who introduced Leiber to Fischer and was involved in the earliest days of the characters, called Sheelba "she-he (or it)". Fischer may have created Sheelba as a tribute to his wife Martha.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: While Ningauble dwells in caverns, Sheelba's house is a small hut which strides about the swamps not far from Lankhmar on five chicken leg-like posts, which bend and scuttle like the legs of a great crab or spider. Sheelba's hut is similar in description to the Russian legend of Baba Yaga, which is referenced in other Leiber works such as "The Wanderer", where Baba Yaga is the name of a lunar lander.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: Fafhrd commonly uses a sword which he names Graywand, a two-hand sword that he's able to use one-handed too (in later stories by necessity). He also carries a poignard named Heartseeker and a short hand-axe which has never been named. For combat at a distance, he often carries a bow and arrow which he wields effectively even while on horseback or at sea, and which he's able to use despite his final handicap (he loses a hand). The Mouser, who in one story is called "the best swordsman in the World", also fights with a pair of weapons: a "slim, curving" sword or sabre called Scalpel, and a dagger called the Cat's Claw, the latter usually hidden in the small of the Mouser's back, and the original of which had a very subtle curve. (It was a straight-bladed weapon by the events of "Lean Times in Lankhmar".) As the pair are often divested of their property, these are names they apply to any of their appropriate weapons and not necessarily names of specific ones. They are absolutely not magic weapons: both the wielders are just very able in their use. The Mouser is also an expert with the sling. The Mouser, having been an apprentice magician, can do some very small enchantments, especially while dueling.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: Joanna Russ was familiar with and appreciative of the Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser series, and in addition to critical reviews of Leiber, also referenced Fafhrd in her "The Adventures of Alyx" sequence as one of Alyx's former lovers in "The Adventuress" (1968; aka "Bluestocking"). Leiber then included Alyx in two Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser stories, "The Two Best Thieves in Lankhmar" (1968) and "Under the Thumbs of the Gods" (1975).


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: In Terry Pratchett's "The Colour of Magic", Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser are parodied as Bravd and the Weasel. Although Ankh-Morpork bears more than a passing resemblance to Lankhmar, Pratchett, known for the use of pastiche in his early works, has been quoted as not intending a direct takeoff. Some of the features of similarity (e.g. a thieves' guild, and a general air of degeneracy) may instead be common tropes of fantasy literature, although it could be argued, especially in the case of the thieves' guild, that many of the tropes in question originated with Leiber.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: An issue of "Conan the Barbarian" written by Roy Thomas and drawn by Barry Smith features two thieves called Fafnir and Blackrat. Fafnir appears to be killed in their encounter with Conan, but returns in later issues of the comic.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: American author Michael Chabon's "Gentlemen of the Road" is a 2007 "swashbuckling adventure" novel set in the kaganate of Khazaria (now southwest Russia) around AD 950. It features two similarly physically built adventurers who have a working relationship similar to Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser's – Amram, a hulking Abyssinian proficient with an axe, and the slightly-built swordsman Zelikman, who is Frankish. This pair – both of Jewish origin – become embroiled in a rebellion and a plot to restore a displaced Khazar prince to the throne.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: Playing off the visit of Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser to Earth in "Adept's Gambit" (set in second century B.C. Tyre), Steven Saylor's short story "Ill Seen in Tyre" takes his Roma Sub Rosa series hero Gordianus to the city of Tyre a hundred years later, where the two visitors from Nehwon are remembered as local legends.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: The Gray Mouser's dirk "Cat Claw" has appeared as a weapon in several role-playing video games, including early installments of the "Final Fantasy" series.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: In "Baldur's Gate", the name "Fafhrd" appears as a password needed to gain entrance to the Thieves' Guild.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: Both Fafhrd and The Gray Mouser are parodied in Dodgeroll's "Enter the Gungeon" as Frifle and the Grey Mauser.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: In "Dark Souls III", a character by the name of Greirat can be found and spoken to, Greirat will occasionally ask if he can go and "steal" items for you, he will then fetch loot from various locations for the player to purchase.


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: The character Geralt from "The Witcher" series, by Polish writer Andrzej Sapkowski, has many similar traits with Fafhrd himself (such as his Nordic appearance and frequent use of a poignard).


title: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser

text: In Jack Chalker's "And the Devil Will Drag you Under", two characters resembling Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser appear briefly in a tavern with one repeating out loud slightly similar names to Ningauble and Sheelba.


title: Erik Johnson

text: Erik Robert Johnson (born March 21, 1988) is an American ice hockey defenseman for the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League (NHL). Nicknamed the "Condor", Johnson previously played for the St. Louis Blues, who selected him with the first overall pick in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft. Additionally, he has represented the United States in numerous tournaments. Johnson won the Stanley Cup with the Avalanche in 2022.


title: Erik Johnson

text: Johnson was drafted from USA Hockey's National Team Development Program and played one season at the University of Minnesota before joining the NHL with St. Louis in 2007. In 2011, he was traded to Colorado, where he has played ever since.


title: Erik Johnson

text: Johnson played hockey for the Academy of Holy Angels in Richfield, Minnesota, where he starred in his two seasons as a freshman and sophomore at the prep school. In the 2003–04 season he led all defenseman in scoring with 13 goals and 34 points to be selected to the Missota All-Conference Team. As a 16-year old Johnson transferred to Ann Arbor, Michigan, to play for the National Team Development Program (NTDP).


title: Erik Johnson

text: In the 2004–05 season, he split time between the U.S. National under-17 and under-18 squads, compiling 26 points in 57 games, tops amongst defenseman. Having been scouted as being tailored to suit the professional ranks with his hybrid two-way style and physicality, Johnson continued his rise in development the following season with a team-leading 49 points in 47 games with the under-18's. While also having a major impact at the junior international stage, Johnson was selected first overall in the 2006 NHL Entry draft by the St. Louis Blues. He became the first American-born defenseman to be selected first overall without having played Canadian major junior or collegiate hockey. He joined a select group of five (now eight following Patrick Kane, Auston Matthews, and Jack Hughes) Americans to have been chosen first overall in an NHL Entry Draft, along with Rick DiPietro (2000), Bryan Berard (1995), Mike Modano (1988), and Brian Lawton (1983).


title: Erik Johnson

text: Having committed to the University of Minnesota, Johnson also became the first Golden Gopher and Minnesotan to be taken first overall. Despite the willingness to turn professional, Johnson was not signed to a professional contract with the Blues, becoming the first player in 44 years to play college hockey after being selected No.1 overall. In his freshman campaign with the Golden Gophers during the 2006–07 season, Johnson quickly established a top defensive role and accumulated 4 goals and 24 points in 41 contests to lead all WCHA rookie defenseman and earn a selection to the WCHA All-Rookie Team. Johnson concluded his collegiate career after his freshman year when he was signed by the St. Louis Blues to a three-year, entry-level contract on April 20, 2007.


title: Erik Johnson

text: Upon concluding his collegiate career, Johnson attended the Blues' Development Camp and 2007 Prospects Tournament. His first career NHL goal came on October 6 in a 5–3 win over the Los Angeles Kings. The goal was scored on a power play with 7:17 left in the third period and became the game-winning goal. After playing three games with the Blues, Johnson suffered a slight bone fracture in his foot. As a result, he was re-assigned to the Peoria Rivermen of the American Hockey League (AHL) on a conditioning stint. Johnson re-joined the Blues on November 7 but struggled to get back into the lineup. However, once he became a mainstay in the Blues' lineup he began a productive rookie campaign. By January, he tallied 16 points to tie for 10th amongst all NHL rookies and fourth on the team with a plus-10 rating. As such, he was selected for the NHL's 2008 YoungStars Game. As the season continued, his ice time fluctuated from a season high 22:0 to a season-low 11 minutes although he typically averaged 17 minutes per game. He finished his rookie season averaging over 18 minutes of ice-time per game to go with 5 goals and 28 assists in 69 games.


title: Erik Johnson

text: Following his rookie season, Johnson injured his right knee during the 2007 offseason which sidelined him for the first three days of training camp. It was later confirmed by the team's orthopedic surgeon that Johnson had torn his ACL and suffered a tear to his MCL. In November, Johnson underwent surgery successful right knee ACL surgery. After missing the 2008-09 season with a knee injury, Johnson returned for the 2009–10 season strong by setting new career-highs with 10 goals, 29 assists for 39 points. On August 2, 2010, as a restricted free agent, Johnson re-signed with the Blues with a two-year, $5.2 million contract.


title: Erik Johnson

text: In the first year of his newest contract, Johnson was named an assistant captain alongside David Backes, Barret Jackman, and Alexander Steen. Johnson tallied one goal and nine assists in 29 games before suffering a knee injury in December 2010.


title: Erik Johnson

text: Upon returning from his knee injury, Johnson was traded to the Colorado Avalanche, along with Jay McClement and a conditional first-round pick, in exchange for Chris Stewart, Kevin Shattenkirk and a conditional second-round pick. Later that day, Johnson made his Avalanche debut at the HP Pavilion at San Jose in a 4–0 loss to the San Jose Sharks. In his second game, Johnson faced his former team and posted his first goal as a member of the Avalanche in a 4–3 win. As a result of his goal against St. Louis, Johnson earned Avalanche "Play of the Week" award. He finished the rest of the season with three goals and seven assists for 10 points through 22 games.


title: Erik Johnson

text: Johnson began the 2011–12 season healthy but was shortly placed on injured reserve in November due to a groin injury. Upon returning to the lineup in January, Johnson extended his assist/point streak to three games and led all Avalanche defensemen with 18 assists. As he remained healthy for the remainder of the season, Johnson finished the season by leading all Colorado defensemen in scoring with 26 points while averaging 20:50 of ice time per game. After signing Johnson to a four-year, $15 million extension, General Manager/Executive Vice President Greg Sherman said: "Since Erik’s arrival in Colorado, he has provided stability, size, and an offensive presence to our blueline...At only 24 years of age, we believe that Erik will continue to grow his game and we are thrilled to have him under contract."


title: Erik Johnson

text: On January 23, 2013, Johnson played in his 300th career NHL game. A few weeks later, it was announced that Johnson would remain out indefinitely after he suffered a head injury in a game against the Phoenix Coyotes. Upon returning to the lineup, Johnson recorded a career-high eight hits against the Dallas Stars, becoming the second Avalanche to reach this milestone since the league began tracking the stat in 2005.


title: Erik Johnson

text: Prior to the conclusion of the 2013–14 offseason, Johnson was told by head coach Patrick Roy to come back with less bulk and less weight. As such, he focused on mobility and agility and dropped 10 pounds. Upon returning for the 2014–15 season, analyst Ray Ferraro praised Johnson for becoming "aggressive without being careless." He continued to produce offensively and led all NHL defensemen with a career-high 12 goals by January. He also ranked first on the Avalanche in goals, average ice time, blocked shots, and power-play goals. As such, he became the first Avalanche defenseman to be selected for the NHL All-Star Game since Rob Blake in 2003-04. However, Johnson did not compete in the All-Star Game nor the final 34 games of the season due to a knee injury. Despite this, Johnson signed a seven-year, $42 million extension with the Avalanche.


title: Erik Johnson

text: Upon recovering from his knee injury, Johnson remained relatively healthy for the 2015–16 season and played in 73 games to reach the 500-game mark. He reached numerous milestones throughout the season including scoring his 50th career goal against the Dallas Stars on October 10, 2015. Nearly a month later, Johnson also reached 200 career points with an assist on François Beauchemin's goal against the Boston Bruins. He finished the regular season with 11 goals and 16 assists for third amongst Avalanche blueliners in scoring with 27 points. This marked the third straight season in which he ended the year as one of the top three scoring defenders on the team.


title: Erik Johnson

text: During the 2017–18 NHL season Johnson played in his 600th NHL game on December 3, 2017, in a 7–2 loss to the Dallas Stars. At the time, Johnson led the team, and was the fifth highest in the league, in average ice time at 26:24 minutes. Johnson was suspended for two games on December 17, 2017, for boarding Tampa Bay Lightning forward Vladislav Namestnikov.


title: Erik Johnson

text: On February 29, 2020, Johnson became the first defenseman from the 2006 draft to reach 300 points. He is the 37th US-born defenseman in NHL history to hit the 300-mark.


title: Erik Johnson

text: Four games into the 2020–21 season, Johnson sustained a concussion after a hit from Minnesota Wild forward Jordan Greenway caused his head to make contact with the ice. He missed the remainder of the regular season, and while he returned to practice during the 2021 Stanley Cup playoffs, Johnson was unable to play before the Avalanche were eliminated in the second round by the Vegas Golden Knights.


title: Erik Johnson

text: With the addition of the Seattle Kraken to the NHL in advance of the 2021–22 season, the 2021 NHL Expansion Draft was scheduled to be held. Each team had the opportunity to protect only a certain number of players, and Johnson was among the Colorado players contractually guaranteed protection in such a scenario. However, he announced that he would waive his no-movement clause, allowing the Avalanche to protect more of their younger defencemen from being selected. The Kraken did not take Johnson, opting instead for Joonas Donskoi. Due to a bout of COVID-19, Johnson missed the beginning of the season. On October 31, 2021, Johnson scored the game-winning goal of a 4–1 win against the Wild to mark his 12th with the team. Upon reaching this milestone, he moved into second place in franchise history in game-winning goals scored by a defenseman.


title: Erik Johnson

text: After three consecutive seasons of being eliminated in the second round of the playoffs, in the 2022 Stanley Cup playoffs the Avalanche reached the Western Conference Final for the first time since 2002. Facing the Edmonton Oilers, the Avalanche won the series in four games, advancing to the 2022 Stanley Cup Finals against the Tampa Bay Lightning. The Avalanche ultimately defeated the Lightning in six games to win the Stanley Cup championship on June 26, 2022.


title: Erik Johnson

text: As a product of the US NTDP, Johnson first made his international debut for the United States at the 2005 World U17 Hockey Challenge. In the same year, he captured a gold medal as a 17-year-old at the 2005 World Under-18 Championships. Johnson scored ten points in six games the 2006 World Under-18 championships to help the U.S. retain the gold medal, and was selected as the Bob Johnson Award winner as the Best American player in international competition.


title: Erik Johnson

text: Johnson was a member of the U.S. junior team that won a bronze medal in the 2007 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. He was named to the tournament's All-Star Team and was named the tournament's Best Defenseman. Johnson finished the tournament with four goals and six assists for ten points, becoming the first defenseman to lead the tournament in scoring.


title: Erik Johnson

text: Representing the senior U.S. team at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Johnson received a silver medal after losing in overtime to Canada in the final.


title: Erik Johnson

text: Johnson's uncle is Sean Duffy, a Republican politician and former U.S. Representative for Wisconsin's 7th district.


title: Erik Johnson

text: In addition to his accomplished career as an NHL defenseman, Johnson is a proprietor and commercial racehorse breeder for ERJ Racing, LLC. He refers to his hobby as "my outlet away from hockey and my passion."


title: Our Home – Russia

text: Our Home – Russia (NDR; ; "Nash dom – Rossiya", "NDR") was a Russian political party that existed from 1995 to the mid-2000s.


title: Our Home – Russia

text: Our Home – Russia was founded in 1995 by then Russian Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin. It was a liberal, centrist political movement, founded for the purpose of rallying more technocratic-reformist (right-wing) government supporters. At the time of its founding, Chernomyrdin had the backing of Russian president Boris Yeltsin along with numerous large financial institutions such as Association of Russian Banks, and major companies such as Gazprom, of which he was formerly the chairman. The movement attracted the sympathies and interests of many prominent members of the ruling elite of Russia, and NDR was thus nicknamed "the party of power". It was also known as the party of the Oligarchs, the position previously identified with another political party, Democratic Choice of Russia. Two other parties were interested in cooperating with NDR after its foundation: parts of the Agrarian Party of Russia and Democratic Choice of Russia. Together their platform would promote "freedom, property, and legality", and would favor such policies as reducing the state's role in the economy, support for small businesses, privatization of agriculture, and military cutbacks. However, after Chernomyrdin's candidacy for a second term as Prime Minister was in 1998 rejected by the Duma, Our Home – Russia declined the other parties' bid for cooperation.


title: Our Home – Russia

text: Although it was critical of the war in Chechnya, Viktor Chernomyrdin and NDR played a central role in supporting Yeltsin in his 1996 bid for re-election as President of the Russian Federation. "To sum up why Our Home – Russia is for Yeltsin, I can say only one thing--because we are for reforms, for the constitution of Russia, for peace in Chechnya, for a normal life in Russia," Chernomyrdin told ITAR-TASS news agency in 1996.


title: Our Home – Russia

text: In the spring of 1998, Yeltsin dismissed Chernomyrdin as head of government and in 1999 Yeltsin's administration backed a newly formed party, Unity, instead of Our Home – Russia. As a result, Our Home – Russia, which had 55 seats in the Russian State Duma in 1995-1999, won only 8 seats in the December 1999 election. It did not form a separate faction in the next Duma and merged with United Russia instead.


title: Midol

text: Midol is a brand of over-the-counter analgesic drugs marketed for menstrual cramping and other effects related to premenstrual syndrome and menstruation. Various subbrands are formulated using different active ingredients. Midol is distributed by Bayer.


title: Midol

text: Midol was originally sold in 1911 as a headache and toothache remedy that was considered safer because it did not use the narcotics typically used at the time. It was then promoted as a cure for hiccups claiming it controlled spasms, and finally as a remedy for menstrual cramps and bloating. A formulation sold in the 1980s was made with the sympathomimetic cinnamedrine. It had been reported to have abuse potential as an appetite suppressant and sympathomimetic agent.


title: Midol

text: There are concerns drugs like Midol, which is an NSAID, increases risk of bleeding, kidney damage and has other negative effects on cardiovascular system.


title: VKS sniper rifle

text: VKS (ВКС) or VSSK (ВССК) is a Russian bullpup, straight-pull bolt-action, magazine-fed sniper rifle chambered for the 12.7×55mm STs-130 subsonic round. The weapon is also known by the name VSSK and the additional name Vykhlop (Выхлоп), "Exhaust", which comes from the development program. It was developed in around 2002 for the special force units of FSB.


title: VKS sniper rifle

text: The 12.7×55mm VKS silenced sniper rifle is intended for special operations that require silent firing and penetration much superior to that provided by 9×39mm VSS silenced sniper rifle. Typical targets for the VKS are combatants in heavy body armor or behind cover. The weapon uses an integral suppressor.


title: VKS sniper rifle

text: The special round has an overall length of 97 mm. The accuracy is claimed as 1 Minute of arc at a 100-meter range with precision bullets.


title: Mirror stage

text: The mirror stage () is a concept in the psychoanalytic theory of Jacques Lacan. The mirror stage is based on the belief that infants recognize themselves in a mirror (literal) or other symbolic contraption which induces apperception (the turning of oneself into an object that can be viewed by the child from outside themselves) from the age of about six months.


title: Mirror stage

text: Initially, Lacan proposed that the mirror stage was part of an infant's development from 6 to 18 months, as outlined at the Fourteenth International Psychoanalytical Congress at Marienbad in 1936. By the early 1950s, Lacan's concept of the mirror stage had evolved: he no longer considered the mirror stage as a moment in the life of the infant, but as representing a permanent structure of subjectivity, or as the paradigm of "Imaginary order". This evolution in Lacan's thinking becomes clear in his later essay titled "The Subversion of the Subject and the Dialectic of Desire".


title: Mirror stage

text: Lacan's concept of the mirror stage was strongly inspired by earlier work by psychologist Henri Wallon, who speculated based on observations of animals and humans responding to their reflections in mirrors. Wallon noted that by the age of about six months, human infants and chimpanzees both "seem" to recognize their reflection in a mirror. While chimpanzees rapidly lose interest in the discovery, human infants typically become very interested and devote much time and effort to exploring the connections between their bodies and their images. In a 1931 paper, Wallon argued that mirrors helped children develop a sense of self-identity. However, later mirror test research indicates that while toddlers are usually fascinated by mirrors, they do not actually recognize themselves in mirrors until the age of 15 months at the earliest, leading psychoanalytically trained critic Norman N. Holland to declare that "there is no evidence whatsoever for Lacan's notion of a mirror stage". Similarly, physician Raymond Tallis notes that a literal interpretation of the Lacanian mirror stage contradicts empirical observations about human identity and personality: "If epistemological maturation and the formation of a world picture were dependent upon catching sight of oneself in a mirror, then the [mirror stage] theory would predict that congenitally blind individuals would lack selfhood and be unable to enter language, society or the world at large. There is no evidence whatsoever that this implausible consequence of the theory is borne out in practice."


title: Mirror stage

text: Wallon's ideas about mirrors in infant development were distinctly non-Freudian and little-known until revived in modified form a few years later by Lacan. As Evans writes, "Lacan used this observation as a springboard to develop an account of the development of human subjectivity that was inherently, though often implicitly, comparative in nature." Lacan attempted to link Wallon's ideas to Freudian psychoanalysis, but was met with indifference from the larger community of Freudian psychoanalysts. Richard Webster explains how the "complex, and at times impenetrable paper ... appears to have made little or no lasting impression on the psychoanalysts who first heard it. It was not mentioned in Ernest Jones's brief account of the congress and received no public discussion."


title: Mirror stage

text: In the 1930s, Lacan attended seminars by Alexandre Kojève, whose philosophy was heavily influenced by Hegel. The diachronic structure of the mirror stage theory is influenced by Kojève's interpretation of the master–slave dialectic. Lacan continued to refine and modify the mirror stage concept through the remainder of his career; see below.


title: Mirror stage

text: Dylan Evans argues that Lacan's earliest versions of the mirror stage, while flawed, can be regarded as a bold pioneering in the field of ethology (the study of animal behavior) and a precursor of both cognitive psychology and evolutionary psychology. In the 1930s, zoologists were increasingly interested in the then-new field of ethology, but not until the 1960s would the larger scientific community believe that animal behavior offered any insights into human behavior.


title: Mirror stage

text: However, Evans also notes that by the 1950s Lacan's mirror stage concept had become abstracted to the point that it no longer required a literal mirror, but could simply be the child's observation of observed behavior in the imitative gestures of another child or elder.


title: Mirror stage

text: The child's initiation into what Jacques Lacan would call the "mirror stage" entails a "libidinal dynamism" caused by the young child's identification with its own image and creation of what Lacan terms the "Ideal-I" or "Ideal ego". This reflexivity inherent in fantasy is apparent in the mirror stage, since to recognize oneself as "I" is like recognizing oneself as other ("yes, that person over there is me"); this act is thus fundamentally self-alienating. Indeed, for this reason feelings towards the image are mixed, caught between hatred ("I hate that version of myself because it is so much better than me") and love ("I want to be like that image"). A type of repetition compulsion develops from this vacillation as the attempt to locate a fixed subject proves ever elusive. "The mirror stage is a drama...which manufactures for the subject, caught up in the lure of spatial identification, the succession of phantasies that extends from a fragmented body-image to a form of its totality." This misrecognition (seeing an ideal-I where there is a fragmented, chaotic body) subsequently "characterizes the ego in all its structures."


title: Mirror stage

text: As Lacan further develops the mirror stage concept, the stress falls less on its historical value and ever more on its structural value. "Historical value" refers to the mental development of the child and "structural value" to the libidinal relationship with the body image. In Lacan's fourth Seminar, "La relation d'objet", he states that "the mirror stage is far from a mere phenomenon which occurs in the development of the child. It illustrates the conflictual nature of the dual relationship". The dual relationship ("relation duelle") refers not only to the relation between the Ego and the body, which is always characterized by illusions of similarity and reciprocity, but also to the relation between the Imaginary and the Real. The visual identity given from the mirror supplies imaginary "wholeness" to the experience of a fragmentary real. See Lacan's paper, "The Mirror Stage as formative of the function of the "I" as revealed in psychoanalytic experience", the first of his "Écrits."


title: Mirror stage

text: The mirror stage describes the formation of the Ego via the process of identification, the Ego being the result of identifying with one's own specular image. At six months the baby still lacks coordination (see Louis Bolk); however, Lacan hypothesized that the baby can recognize itself in the mirror before attaining control over its bodily movements. The child sees its image as a whole, but this contrasts with the lack of coordination of the body and leads the child to perceive a fragmented body. This contrast, Lacan hypothesized, is first felt by the infant as a rivalry with its own image, because the wholeness of the image threatens it with fragmentation; thus the mirror stage gives rise to an aggressive tension between the subject and the image. To resolve this aggressive tension, the subject identifies with the image: this primary identification with the counterpart is what forms the Ego. (Evans, 1996) The moment of identification is to Lacan a moment of jubilation since it leads to an imaginary sense of mastery. ("Écrits", "The Mirror Stage") Yet, the jubilation may also be accompanied by a depressive reaction, when the infant compares his own precarious sense of mastery with the omnipotence of the mother. ("La relation d'objet") This identification also involves the ideal ego which functions as a promise of future wholeness sustaining the Ego in anticipation.


title: Mirror stage

text: The mirror stage, Lacan also hypothesized, shows that the Ego is the product of misunderstanding – Lacan's term "méconnaissance" implies a false recognition. Additionally, the mirror stage is where the subject becomes alienated from itself, and thus is introduced into the Imaginary order.


title: Mirror stage

text: The Mirror Stage has also a significant symbolic dimension. The Symbolic order is present in the figure of the adult who is carrying the infant: the moment after the subject has jubilantly assumed his image as his own, he turns his head toward this adult who represents the big Other, as if to call on him to ratify this image. (Tenth Seminar, "L'angoisse", 1962–1963)


title: Tidal volume

text: Tidal volume (symbol V or TV) is the volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during a normal breath. In a healthy, young human adult, tidal volume is approximately 500 ml per inspiration or 7 ml/kg of body mass.


title: Tidal volume

text: Tidal volume plays a significant role during mechanical ventilation to ensure adequate ventilation without causing trauma to the lungs. Tidal volume is measured in milliliters and ventilation volumes are estimated based on a patient's ideal body mass. Measurement of tidal volume can be affected (usually overestimated) by leaks in the breathing circuit or the introduction of additional gas, for example during the introduction of nebulized drugs.


title: Tidal volume

text: Ventilator-induced lung injury such as Acute lung injury (ALI) /Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) can be caused by ventilation with very large tidal volumes in normal lungs, as well as ventilation with moderate or small volumes in previously injured lungs, and research shows that the incidence of ALI increases with higher tidal volume settings in nonneurologically impaired patients.


title: Tidal volume

text: . Similarly A 2018 systematic review by The Cochrane Collaboration provided evidence that low tidal volume ventilation reduced post operative pneumonia and reduced the requirement for both invasive and non invasive ventilation after surgery


title: Tidal volume

text: Protective lung ventilation strategies should be applied with V 6ml/kg to 8ml/kg with RR = 12 to 20 and an average starting target minute ventilation of 7 L/min.


title: Tidal volume

text: Protective lung volumes apply 6ml/kg to 8ml/kg with a rate high enough for proper alveolar ventilation but does not create or aggravate intrinsic Positive End-Expiry Pressure (PEEP).


title: Tidal volume

text: Protective lung ventilation strategies apply. V 6 to 8 ml/kg or as low as 5 ml/kg in severe cases. Permissive hypercapnia can be employed in an attempt to minimize aggressive ventilation leading to lung injury. Higher peeps are often required however not all ARDS patients require the same peep levels. Patient should be started on 6 ml/kg and peep increased until plateau pressure is 30 cm H0 in most severe cases.


title: Wildcat strike action

text: A wildcat strike action, often referred to as a wildcat strike, is a strike action undertaken by unionised workers without union leadership's authorisation, support, or approval; this is sometimes termed an unofficial industrial action. The legality of wildcat strikes varies between countries and over time, although they are not typically criminal offenses.


title: Wildcat strike action

text: In 1965, Canada Post workers illegally walked out for two weeks and won the right to collective bargaining for all public sector employees. This resulted in them throwing out the leadership of the company union and forming the Canadian Union of Postal Workers.


title: Wildcat strike action

text: On March 23, 2012, Air Canada ground employees suddenly walked off the job at Toronto Pearson International Airport, resulting in many flight delays, after three workers were suspended for heckling Canadian Labour Minister Lisa Raitt. This followed months of fighting between Air Canada and its other unions.


title: Wildcat strike action

text: Hundreds of members of the Alberta Union of Provincial Employees walked out from their jobs on the morning of October 26, 2020 at healthcare centres across the province, resulting in some delays in care. This was in protest of an announcement made 2 weeks prior by Health Minister Tyler Shandro and Alberta Health Services CEO, Verna Yiu that between 9,700 and 11,000 AHS employees, namely laboratory, linen, cleaning and food services staff, will be laid-off in efforts to outsource the work to private companies, potentially saving the province $600 million annually. The Alberta Labour Relations Board issued a decision on the evening of October 26 for the employees on strike to return to work.


title: Wildcat strike action

text: Wildcats strikes are seen as illegal in Germany, as they are not endorsed by a union as a party capable of entering into a collective agreement. Participating in a wildcat strike is considered a refusal to work and can be met by repercussions such as a warning or the termination of one's contract by the employer on an individual level. A union can however retroactively endorse a wildcat strike, therefore making it legal ex tunc.


title: Wildcat strike action

text: The motivation for wildcat strikes in the United States changed from the Depression era to the Postwar era in response to a variety of factors relating to businesses, the federal government, and unions.


title: Wildcat strike action

text: During the Depression, and prior to the bureaucratization of unions, leaders of different political philosophies tended to agree on the necessity and unique capabilities of local strike actions. Regardless of the organizational structure and direction, unions had no difficulty retaining these kinds of tactics within their toolkit. With the ascent of the Roosevelt administration, labor found a powerful ally in the struggle for workers' rights. With the changing role of the National Labor Relations Board, as determined by the New Deal National Labor Relations Act (shortened to NLRA, and also referred to as the Wagner Act) of 1935, a specific government entity began arbitrating grievances between workers, their unions, and employers. This represented a significant shift in governmental intervention in labor struggles.


title: Wildcat strike action

text: The United States' entry into World War II marked a critical shift in the role of unions in strike actions. The alliance between unions and Roosevelt's federal government meant that major unions like the Congress of Industrial Organization and the American Federation of Labor made an oath against striking for the war’s duration in order to prevent disruption of wartime production, a show of labor's willingness to patriotically cooperate. However, both support and anxiety around this decision could be found within union leadership. Operating without a weapon to use when issues might go unresolved, and knowing that unions had voluntarily surrendered the weapon, posed a major threat to organizing labor during the war. Another concern that union leadership had was with its Communist members and other firebrands, as potentially inviting harsh repercussions from unity-minded politicians could underscore the inadequate strength of the labor movement to follow through on endangering production. Additionally, the political climate of wartime America and post-war America favored a bureaucratic union culture that adhered to an orthodoxy of institutional reform around relatively narrow objectives. Of increasing importance to union leadership was an alliance with the Democratic establishment, which demanded stricter control over union members and actions in exchange for some degree of political support in institutionalizing unions. Part of this emergent anti-radical platform was an easy embrace of the Taft-Hartley Act’s anti-communist agenda, resulting in virtually all Communists losing their union positions in only a couple years.


title: Wildcat strike action

text: An early example of the tension between the substantially changing unions and their members can be seen in the wildcat strikes against Little Steel companies in 1941. Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Republic Steel, Youngstown Sheet & Tube, and US Steel (collectively referred to as "Little Steel") experienced a series of these strikes during the spring of 1941 in spite of strides in union-employer relations made under the oversight of NLRB and with the support of federal wartime programs. Little Steel had found that the benefits of federal profit guarantees made submitting to labor demands more viable. However, many of these springtime strikers held grievances with their own unions for an over-cooperative wartime attitude that placed greater value on New Deal institutions and programs than on disruptive actions to secure local concessions. A critical point of contention lay in the “no-strike pledge” that unions committed their membership to in response to wartime nationalism. As the war progressed, the emphasis on union-NLRB relations led to frequent and dispersed wildcat strikes in the steel industry; the new paradigm empowered union leaders over common members such that workers felt they had to take matters into their own hands, even if it meant risking expulsion from the union.


title: Wildcat strike action

text: After a challenge by the American Liberty League, the National Labor Relations Act’s Supreme Court confirmation in 1937 became a point around which corporate interests could rally in defense of business, with the ultimate goal of limiting the degree to which the act, and other legislation, could extend power to workers. The 1947 Taft-Hartley Act emerged partially as a consequence of the Little Steel Strike of 1937 and as a means to re-tool the NLRA away from labor protections and towards business protections. The earlier (and failed) Smith Bill of 1940 was used as a basis for reducing the culpability of companies in slow or non-resolving conflicts with labor, delegitimizing labor’s right to strike without risking employment, and for placing greater responsibility on unions for the actions of their members. Taft-Hartley also included many clauses built to disempower unions, whether by guaranteeing workers the ability to work in union workplaces without membership, exclude a large number of employment statuses from inclusion in unions, or widening who qualified as a manager (notably, foremen and supervisors, who could no longer join unions as a result of this same act). The act helped to disunify unions across different industries, and even within industries, while supporting the development of a managerial class within workplaces to protect employers from union action. It also set off a wave of state-level anti-unionism that popularized the notion of union-free zones, providing a potent weapon to businesses facing union demands: the threat of relocation.


title: Wildcat strike action

text: During the postwar boom, union achievement of benefits for only some employees succeeded in removing pressure from their membership as a whole and demotivated radical action from those who had gained the most. With solidarity and sympathy striking effectively broken, unions had failed to bring universal benefits to their members and had certainly failed to benefit workers’ rights for non-unionized workers.


title: Wildcat strike action

text: Wildcat strikes have been considered illegal in the United States since 1935. The 1932 Norris-La Guardia Act provided that clauses in labor contracts barring employees from joining unions were not enforceable, thus granting employees the right to unionize regardless of their workplace situation. Unions have the power to bargain collectively on behalf of their members and to call for strikes demanding concessions from employers. Under the 1935 National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), federal courts have held that wildcat strikes are illegal and that employers may fire workers participating in them.


title: Wildcat strike action

text: Nevertheless, US workers can formally request that the National Labor Relations Board end their association with their labor union if they feel that the union is not adequately representing their interests. At this point, any strike action taken by the workers may be termed a wildcat strike, but there is no illegality involved, as there is no longer a conflict between sections 7 and 9(a) of the NLRA.


title: Wildcat strike action

text: Some strikes that begin as wildcat actions, such as the Memphis sanitation strike and Baltimore municipal strike of 1974, are later supported by their respective unions' leadership.


title: Wildcat strike action

text: In 2018, West Virginia teachers went on strike to demand higher wages and affordable health coverage. Without the sustained sanction of union leadership, this strike became a wildcat strike. In 2018, similar wildcat strikes by teachers demanding better pay and school funding also occurred in Oklahoma, Kentucky, Colorado, and Arizona.


title: Wildcat strike action

text: In 2020, UC Santa Cruz graduate students went on strike to demand a cost of living adjustment (COLA) due to the high rent burden in Santa Cruz county. Later in 2020, the NBA, WNBA, MLB, MLS, and NHL all saw wildcat strikes in protest of police brutality after the shooting of Jacob Blake.


title: Wildcat strike action

text: In Vietnam, all workers are required to join a union connected to the Vietnam General Confederation of Labor. Due to workers' distrust of this agency, nearly all strikes in the country are wildcat strikes.


title: Wildcat strike action

text: There are some cases where union recognition of a strike is complicated. For example, during the year-long British miners' strike of 1984-5, the national executive supported the strike but many area councils regarded the strike as unofficial, as most ballots at area level had produced majority votes against the strike and no ballot was ever taken at the national level.


title: Astilbe

text: Astilbe is a genus of 18 species of rhizomatous flowering plants within the family Saxifragaceae, native to mountain ravines and woodlands in Asia and North America. Some species are known by the common names false goat's beard and false spirea.


title: Astilbe

text: These hardy herbaceous perennials are cultivated by gardeners for their large, handsome, often fern-like foliage and dense, feathery plumes of flowers. They are widely adapted to shade and water-logged conditions, hence they are particularly associated with pond-side planting. They also tolerate clay soils well. Numerous hybrid cultivars have been raised. Flowers of at least some "Astilbe" species have a strong and pleasant aroma. Some species, including "Astilbe rivularis", are used in traditional medicine.


title: Astilbe

text: The following varieties and cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:


title: Astilbe

text: The UK National Collection of Astilbe is held by Malcolm Pharoah at Marwood Hill Gardens in Marwood, near Barnstaple, North Devon.


title: Marcus Giamatti

text: Marcus Bartlett Giamatti (born October 3, 1961) is an American actor. He is best known for being a regular member of the cast of the CBS drama series "Judging Amy".


title: Marcus Giamatti

text: Giamatti was born on October 3, 1961, in New Haven, Connecticut, and is the son of Toni Marilyn (née Smith) and former Yale University president and Major League Baseball commissioner A. Bartlett Giamatti, and older brother of Academy Award-nominated actor Paul Giamatti. He attended The Foote School, Hopkins School, Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, where he was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon and Delta Sigma fraternities, and Yale University in New Haven. He is a graduate of the Yale School of Drama, where he received the Carole Dye Award for Excellence in Acting.


title: Marcus Giamatti

text: Giamatti started his career on the soap opera "One Life to Live", but is likely best known for his series regular role on the CBS drama series "Judging Amy", where he played the title character's older brother Peter Gray throughout the series' six season run. He has also guest-starred on a number of popular series, such as "The X-Files", "", "Monk", "The Mentalist", "House M.D." and "Criminal Minds". He has less frequently appeared in films, which include "Mr. and Mrs. Bridge", "Necessary Roughness", and the television docudrama "Pirates of Silicon Valley".


title: Marcus Giamatti

text: An accomplished musician, Giamatti plays bass guitar in several bands in Los Angeles, including the alternative folk-rock group Olivea and the psychedelic jam band Rebel Soul. He is also a session musician and is a member of Musicians Local 47.


title: Marcus Giamatti

text: Giamatti tossed the ceremonial first pitch at the 1989 World Series opener, played in Oakland, California.


title: Marcus Giamatti

text: From 2010–14, he has guest starred on series including "Fringe", "The Closer", "Revenge", "Bones" and "".


title: Marcus Giamatti

text: He is an associate professor of theatre (tenure track) and head of directing at Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he teaches acting and directing and regularly directs Temple Theaters productions.


title: Big Brother Canada (season 5)

text: Big Brother Canada 5 is the fifth season of the Canadian reality television series "Big Brother Canada". It is based upon the Dutch series of the same name, which gained notoriety in 1999 and 2000. It was produced by Endemol USA, and Insight Productions. The season premiered on Global on March 15, 2017.


title: Big Brother Canada (season 5)

text: This season of the series saw 8 new HouseGuest compete against 8 HouseGuests from the prior edition who are deemed to need a second chance. These houseguests lived a house together with no communication with the outside world and constantly filmed during their time in the house. The HouseGuests competed in challenges for power and safety before voting each other out of the house. When only two HouseGuests remain, nine of previously evicted houseguests decide which of them will win the grand prize of $100,000, a 2017 Toyota 86, as well as a $30,000 home makeover from The Brick. The runner-up receives a $20,000 cash prize.


title: Big Brother Canada (season 5)

text: The series ended after 69 days – the shortest full season to date by one day – on May 18, 2017, where returning houseguest and poker player Kevin Martin was crowned the winner over new houseguest and Real estate broker Karen Singbeil.


title: Big Brother Canada (season 5)

text: Having aired fourteen seasons of the United States' edition in the country, it was confirmed that Canada would receive its own edition of the program in 2013. The new series was produced by Endemol USA and Insight Productions. The first season aired on Slice and proved to be a ratings hit for the network, averaging a total of 2.7 million viewers throughout its course. The show's first two seasons were nominated for five Canadian Screen Awards in 2014 and 2015. The fifth season was officially confirmed by Global on June 7, 2016, through their Twitter account. Host Arisa Cox later confirmed that the "Big Brother Side Show" had been replaced with a weekly Facebook Live chat with the evicted houseguest.


title: Big Brother Canada (season 5)

text: On March 8, it was revealed that eight returning HouseGuests from seasons past will return to play for another chance at the grand prize. They competed alongside 8 new HouseGuests who had never played the game before.


title: Big Brother Canada (season 5)

text: On Day 1, eight new HouseGuests entered the futuristic Big Brother Canada House, called the Big Brother Odyssey. Soon after, they were told about the first twist. Eight HouseGuests of previous seasons would re-enter the House and play the game alongside them. Bruno, Cassandra, Dallas, Gary, Ika, Kevin, Neda, and Sindy then entered the House. Before the Head of Household competition, each veteran was paired up with a new HouseGuest. The HouseGuests then blasted off in the "Dropped in Space" Head of Household competition. In this competition, one HouseGuest will be harnessed to the Odyssey and must hold their partner. As the competition goes on, the harnesses will loosen, dragging the HouseGuests at a steeper angle. The last pair standing will win the competition, earn safety for the week, and will gain the right to name any HouseGuest as Head of Household. Karen and Sindy won the competition, and Karen became the first Head of Household. On Day 2, Karen nominated Demetres and Mark for eviction. On Day 3, Karen, Demetres, and Mark, as well as Bruno, Kevin, and Ika went back in time for the "Me Want Veto" Power of Veto competition. In this competition, HouseGuests had to traverse obstacles with a boulder tied to their ankle to their rock pile. They then had to search for prehistoric emojis that match the paintings on their cave wall. After eight trips, HouseGuests had the opportunity to collect two boulder emojis to remove the boulder from their ankle. Once a HouseGuest has all of their emojis at the cave, they must flip them over to reveal letters and use them to solve a mystery phrase. The first HouseGuest to solve the mystery phrase will win the Power of Veto. Bruno was the winner. On Day 4, Bruno decided not to use the Power of Veto. On Day 6, Mark was evicted by a 7–6 vote, with Bruno, Dallas, Dillon, Emily, Jackie, and Kevin voting to evict Demetres. Arisa then informed the HouseGuests of the first Shock Wave. Canada voted to transport one HouseGuest into the future, thus keeping them safe until the jury begins. Neda was selected to be safe until jury.


title: Big Brother Canada (season 5)

text: Following Mark's eviction, the HouseGuests kicked it in the "Balls to the Wall" Head of Household competition. HouseGuests competed in head-to-head matches and kicked their ball at the wall. The HouseGuest with the higher score moved on while the other was eliminated. If the ball is touching two spaces at once, HouseGuests will receive the higher number. The last HouseGuest standing will be the new Head of Household. Demetres was the winner. The losers of the head-to-head matches drew cards to determine the Have-Nots for the week. Cassandra, Emily, Ika, and Sindy became Have-Nots for the week. On Day 7, Demetres nominated Dillon and Emily for eviction. Prior to the Power of Veto competition, the competitors were tasked with creating a unique way to dunk an Oreo cookie to be judged by the other HouseGuests. The winner would receive an advantage for the Power of Veto competition. Dre received the advantage. On Day 8, Demetres, Dillon, and Emily, alongside Dre, Neda, and Karen, with Dallas as the host, dunked in the "Milkin' It" Power of Veto competition, sponsored by Oreo. In this competition, HouseGuests must jump into the tub of milk and soak up as much milk as they can. They must then run to their platform and squeeze the milk into their container. The first HouseGuest to fill their container and retrieve the ball inside will win the Power of Veto, as well as $5000 from Oreo. Dre's advantage gave her some extra milk in her container. Dillon was the winner. On Day 10, Dillon took himself off the block, and Demetres named Dallas as the replacement nominee. On Day 11, the HouseGuests were paired up for a task sponsored by Crest. One person would eat a series of foods, while their partner smelt their breath, trying to identify the food they ate. The pair that identified the most foods received a special dinner date. Dre and Cassandra won and received the dinner date. On Day 13, Dallas was evicted by a 12–0 vote.


title: Big Brother Canada (season 5)

text: Following Dallas' eviction, the HouseGuests were quizzed in the "And Scene" Head of Household competition. HouseGuests were asked questions based on a soap opera the HouseGuests participated in. An incorrect answer resulted in elimination. The last HouseGuest standing will be the new Head of Household. Neda was the winner. On Day 14, the HouseGuests were schooled in the "Food Fight" Have-Not competition. Before the competition, Neda selected Dillon, Gary, Karen, Ika, and Dre to be the "cool kids" for the competition. They were immune from being Have-Nots. In this competition, the HouseGuests had to walk across a balance beam and collect food items. The "cool kids" threw dodge balls, attempting to knock them off the balance beam. The four HouseGuests who collected the least amount of food items were the Have-Nots for the week. Bruno, Cassandra, Demetres, and William were Have-Nots for the week. On Day 14, Neda nominated Cassandra and Jackie for eviction, with Cassandra as the target. On Day 15, Neda, Cassandra, Jackie, William, Ika, and Emily strutted their stuff in the "Runway to Veto" Power of Veto competition. In the first round of the competition, the competitors competed in head-to-head matches. They must watch a model walk down the runway, then recreate the outfit on their mannequin. The HouseGuest who has the fastest overall time will automatically advance to the final round. The last HouseGuest standing will win the Power of Veto. William won the Power of Veto. On Day 17, William decided not to use the Power of Veto. On Day 18, all HouseGuests were put on slop for disrespecting Big Brother. On Day 20, Cassandra was evicted by an 11–0 vote.


title: Big Brother Canada (season 5)

text: Following Cassandra's eviction, Arisa informed the HouseGuests of the next Shock Wave. The next week will be Backwards Week. The HouseGuests were each required to name two HouseGuests for eviction. The two HouseGuests with the most votes would be nominees for the week. Dre and Gary were nominated for eviction. On Day 22, Dre, Gary, Neda, William, Kevin, and Emily went old-fashioned for the "Highway to Spell" Power of Veto competition. In each round of the competition, HouseGuests had to run down their lane to collect letters from their windshield. They must then spell a word of a specific length in a specific amount of time. If they cannot spell a word, they will be eliminated. In the final round, HouseGuests must use their remaining tiles to spell the longest word they can. The HouseGuest who spells the longest final word will win the Power of Veto. Neda was the winner. On Day 24, Neda decided not to use the Power of Veto. On Day 25, HouseGuests campaigned in the "Slop Vote" Have-Not competition. In this competition, each HouseGuest privately placed ten cookies into the bucket of the HouseGuests they wanted to be Have-Nots for the week. However, unbeknownst to the HouseGuests, the four HouseGuests with the least cookies would be Have-Nots for the week. Bruno, Demetres, Emily, and William became Have-Nots for the week. On Day 26, the HouseGuests held on in the "Heavy Rotation" Head of Household competition. In this competition, HouseGuests must lay on the spinning dome while holding onto the handle above their hand. The last HouseGuest standing will be the new Head of Household and will have the sole vote at the eviction. Demetres became the new Head of Household. The HouseGuests received a task to find clues to figure out how to stop the hijacking of the Odyssey. The HouseGuests passed their task and received a sneak preview of Private Eyes. On Day 27, Demetres cast the sole vote to evict Gary.


title: Big Brother Canada (season 5)

text: Following Gary's eviction, the HouseGuests faced their past in the "Oh Snap" Head of Household competition. In this competition, HouseGuests were asked questions based on video messages from the evicted HouseGuests. An incorrect answer resulted in elimination. The last HouseGuest standing will be the new Head of Household. William was the winner. Karen and Kevin were given a secret mission to throw a tiki party and convince seven people to give them a piece of clothing. If they succeed, there will be no Have-Nots for the week. if they fail, Karen and Kevin will be the only Have-Nots for the week. They passed their task and there were no Have-Nots for the week. Half of the HouseGuests were given a task to create snack bites to represent the other HouseGuests. The tasters must identify which taster the snack represents. If they can identify four snacks, the HouseGuests will receive a reward. The HouseGuests passed their task and received a campfire sleepover. On Day 28, William nominated Dillon and Emily for eviction. On Day 29, William, Dillon, and Emily, joined by Karen, Dre, and Kevin, flipped out in the "Flip It to Win" Power of Veto competition, sponsored by the Brick. In this competition, HouseGuests will compete in head-to-head matches. In each round, they will be shown a series of items from the Brick. They will then be asked a question based on the items. They must go to the items and flip over the cards next to the correct answer and buzz in. The HouseGuest who correctly flips the most items quicker will win the round and eliminate their opponent. The last HouseGuest standing will win the Power of Veto and a $5000 gift card from the Brick. Kevin was the winner. He was given the opportunity to double his money by finding the two correct couch cushions. He was successful and earned another $5000. On Day 31, Kevin decided not to use the Power of Veto. On Day 34, Emily was evicted by a vote of 8–1. The HouseGuests were then informed that Neda's immunity was up and that it was a double eviction. The HouseGuests immediately competed in the "Before or After" Head of Household competition. In this competition, HouseGuests had to answer if one event happened before or after another event. If they were incorrect, they were eliminated. The last HouseGuest standing will be the new Head of Household. Sindy was the winner. Sindy nominated Dillon and Jackie for eviction. Sindy, Dillon and Jackie, along with Neda, Ika and Karen got tangled in the "Wired for Veto" Power of Veto competition. In this competition, HouseGuests climbed through their structure to untangle their rope. The first HouseGuest to untangle their rope enough to hit their buzzer will win the Power of Veto. Jackie was the winner. During the commercial break, Ika convinced Sindy to put up Neda as the replacement nominee, citing her bullying as one reason. This led to a blow-up in the storage room, cementing Neda's fate. At the Veto Meeting, Jackie took herself off the block, and Sindy named Neda as the replacement nominee. On Day 34, Neda was evicted by a vote of 7–1, with Jackie voting to evict Dillon. She became the first member of the jury.


title: Big Brother Canada (season 5)

text: Following Emily and Neda's eviction, the HouseGuests stuck it out for the "Buzzkilled" Head of Household competition. In this competition, HouseGuests must wait for the buzzer to sound. Once it does, they must hit their button. Throughout the competition, Big Brother will make them offers to lure them away from their button, such as food, money, and Have cards to avoid being Have-Nots, and the opportunity for safety. The last HouseGuest to ring in will be eliminated. The last HouseGuest standing will be the new Head of Household. Dillon was the winner. Bruno, Jackie, and Kevin became Have-Nots for the week, and William won safety for the week. On Day 35, Dillon nominated Demetres and Jackie for eviction. On Day 36, Dillon, Demetres, Jackie, Ika, William, and Sindy rolled in the "Out of Orbit" Power of Veto competition. In this competition, HouseGuests must roll their ball up and around the loop and catch it on the other side. Each time they catch it, they will complete one rotation. If they drop the ball, their counter will drop to zero. The first person to complete three hundred consecutive rotations will win the Power of Veto. Demetres was the winner. On Day 37, the HouseGuests were given the task to clean the House. During the task, William found a clue to a secret power in the House. After following the clues, William found a secret Power of Veto that can be anonymously used at one of the next two veto meetings. On Day 38, Demetres took himself off the block and Sindy was named as the replacement nominee. On Day 40, the HouseGuests were given a task, sponsored by ParticipACTION. Each HouseGuest was given a step counter, with the task to reach 1,500 steps. The first HouseGuest to accomplish this goal will receive an advantage in the upcoming Head of Household competition. Karen received the advantage. On Day 41, Sindy was evicted by a 6–1 vote, with Kevin voting to evict Jackie. She became the second member of the jury.


title: Big Brother Canada (season 5)

text: Following Sindy's eviction, the HouseGuests pumped their blood in the "Get Moving" Head of Household competition. In this competition, HouseGuests must first transfer 150 rocks across their lane. If they drop a rock, they must start over. Karen's advantage gave her only 75 rocks to transfer. The first four HouseGuests to finish will advance to the second round. Bruno, Kevin, Demetres, and Karen moved on to the second round. In the second round, HouesGuests must paddle 150 strokes in their kayak. The first two to complete 150 strokes will move on to the final round. Demetres and Bruno moved on to the final round. In the final round, HouseGuests must toss six beanbags into the hole, land six discs into the target, and bowl a strike in 150 seconds. If they both fail, they must start again. The first HouseGuest to complete the tasks in time will be the new Head of Household. Demetres was the winner. The HouseGuests received a party to celebrate Canada's 150th birthday, which revealed there would be no Have-Nots for the week. On Day 42, Demetres nominated Bruno and Kevin for eviction. On Day 43, Demetres, Bruno, and Kevin selected Ika, William, and Dre for the "100 Minutes of Heaven" Power of Veto competition. In this competition, HouseGuests must lie in their coffin and hit their button when they believe 100 minutes has passed. During their competition, they will be dealt distractions to disturb them. The HouseGuest who hits their button the closest to 100 minutes will win the Power of Veto. William was the winner. On Day 45, William decided not to use the Power of Veto. He did, however, decide to use his secret Power of Veto on Kevin. Demetres named Karen as the replacement nominee. On Day 46, the HouseGuests were given a task. They must find a series of teddy bears. Depending on which bear they find, they will receive various rewards and punishments. Jackie received a season long slop pass. Ika, Demetres, and Kevin had to take a polar bear swim. Demetres had to wear a bear suit and sleep outside in a cave for the rest of the week. Kevin received $1000 from the Brick. On Day 48, Bruno was evicted by a 5–1 vote, with Kevin voting to evict Karen. He became the third member of the jury.


title: Big Brother Canada (season 5)

text: Following Bruno's eviction, the HouseGuests held strong in the "Pressed for Power" Head of Household competition. In this competition, HouseGuests must press their weights against their plates with their arms outstretched. If they drop a weight, they will be eliminated. The last HouseGuest standing will be the new Head of Household. Kevin was the winner. For being the first three to drop during the Head of Household competition, Karen, Ika, and Jackie became Have-Nots for the week. On Day 49, the HouseGuests were given the task to play a game of "Dare or Darer" and complete a series of dares. They completed their task and received a pizza party. On Day 49, Kevin nominated Demetres and Ika for eviction. On Day 50, Kevin, Demetres, and Ika drew Dillon, Dre, and Jackie to compete in the "Toyota Triathlon" Power of Veto competition. In this competition, HouseGuests will hop inside the car and read the teleprompter. At the blanks, they must fill in the appropriate information based on the facts they learned earlier in the season. Then they must race along the track and place the signs in the order they were said during the commercial with Nick and Phil Paquette earlier in the season. They must then use their pieces to complete the puzzle. The HouseGuest who completes all of the tasks in the fastest time will win the Power of Veto and a test drive in the Toyota '86 with a juror of their choice. Demetres was the winner. On Day 52, Demetres took himself off the block and Kevin named Jackie as the replacement nominee. Despite originally wanting to split up Demetres and Ika, the House considered flipping on Jackie to keep a bigger target in the game. On Day 55, Jackie was evicted by a 4–1 vote, with Dre voting to evict Ika. She became the fourth member of the jury. The HouseGuests were then informed of the Triple Eviction. Immediately, the HouseGuests recalled in the "Big Brother Headlines" Head of Household competition. HouseGuests were asked a series of questions based on past competitions and events. An incorrect answer resulted in elimination. The last HouseGuest standing will be the new Head of Household. Demetres was the winner. He nominated Dre, Kevin, and William for eviction. Then, everyone except Demetres grappled in the "Off the Blocks" Power of Veto competition. In this competition, HouseGuests must race down their lane to their ball pit. They must find the names of HouseGuests who were taken off the block with the Power of Veto and take them one at a time to their puzzle board. The first HouseGuest to complete their puzzle board correctly will win the Power of Veto. Kevin was the winner. At the Veto Meeting, Kevin took himself off the block, and Demetres named Dillon as the replacement nominee. On Day 55, Dre and William were evicted by a 3–0–0 vote. They became the fifth and sixth members of the jury.


title: Big Brother Canada (season 5)

text: Following Jackie, Dre, and William's eviction, the HouseGuests sobered up for the "Drunk Speeches" Head of Household competition. In this competition, HouseGuests must listen to a series of speeches given by HouseGuests. However, the speeches are morphed to sound as if they were spoken while drunk. They must identify what day the speech took place. The HouseGuest with the most points at the end will be the new Head of Household. Kevin was the winner. On Day 56, Karen was given a secret mission from Marsha the Moose. She must scare the rest of the HouseGuests by assigning them fake punishments in exchange for a fake $10,000. If she succeeds, there will be no Have-Nots for the rest of the season. She passed her task and Have-Nots were disbanded. On Day 56, Kevin nominated Demetres and Ika for eviction. On Day 57, the HouseGuests went to the beach in the "Baywatch" Power of Veto competition. In this competition, HouseGuests must first find the dummies in their color. They must then untie their buoy, climb over the wall, and rescue their dummies. They must take their five dummies back to the beach one at a time. After they save all of their dummies, they must dig in the sand to find their puzzle pieces, and complete their surfboard puzzle. The first HouseGuest to complete their puzzle will win the Power of Veto, as well as a special screening of "Baywatch". Kevin was the winner and selected Dillon and Karen to join him for the movie. On Day 58, the HouseGuests were given the task to follow commands from the malfunctioning Big Brother. On Day 59, Kevin took Ika off the block and named Dillon as the replacement nominee. On Day 62, Dillon was evicted by a 2–0 vote. He became the seventh member of the jury.


title: Big Brother Canada (season 5)

text: Following Dillon's eviction, the HouseGuests sought a spot in the final three in the "Solve for X" Head of Household competition. In this competition, HouseGuests watched the monitor that would slowly reveal information about a specific week in the House, such as the Head of Household, nominees, and Have-Nots. In each round, one piece of information will be crossed off. The HouseGuests must correctly identify the information that was left out. The first HouseGuest to buzz in with the correct answer will receive a point. The HouseGuest with the most points will be the new Head of Household. Demetres was the winner. Nikki Grahame surprised the HouseGuests to dress them up for the Big Brother Canada Awards. The HouseGuests had the opportunity to watch memorable moments from the season. On Day 63, Demetres nominated Karen and Kevin for eviction. On Day 63, the HouseGuests laid it all on the line in "The Down Under" final Power of Veto competition. In this competition, HouseGuests must place a series of questions in chronological order in the universe above. They must then head to the alternate universe beneath them and place the correct answer corresponding to the questions. The HouseGuest who correctly organizes and completes the questions and answers the fastest will win the Power of Veto. Kevin was the winner. On Day 64, Kevin took himself off the block, and Demetres named Ika as the replacement nominee. On Day 64, Kevin cast the sole vote to evict Ika. She became the eighth member of the jury.


title: Big Brother Canada (season 5)

text: Following Ika's eviction, the HouseGuests engaged in their final battle in the "Jungle Fever" Part 1 of the Final Head of Household competition. In this competition, HouseGuests must climb their ruins, grab a gold bar, and slide down their ramp into the mud pit. They must then place their bar on their platform, balance the platform with their rope, hook their rope and repeat it. If their bars collapse, they must start over. The first HouseGuest to complete their pyramid will win Part 1 of the Final Head of Household competition and advance to Part 3. Demetres was the winner. Karen and Kevin then faced off in the "When Stars Align" Part 2 of the Final Head of Household competition. in this competition, HouseGuests must map out five constellations based on events of the season. For each constellation, they must loop their rope around the stars that apply to the question. They must then hit their button. If they are correct, their stars will illuminate and they can move on to the next constellation. The HouseGuest who complete all of the constellations quicker will win Part 2 and face Demetres in Part 3. Kevin was the winner. On Day 69, Demetres and Kevin had the final showdown in the "Jury Questions" Part 3 of the Final Head of Household competition. In this competition, HouseGuests were asked a series of questions about members of the jury. The HouseGuest with the most points after seven questions will be the final Head of Household of the season. Kevin became the final Head of Household. On Day 69, Kevin cast the sole vote to evict Demetres. He became the ninth and final member of the jury. On Day 69, after receiving all of the jury's votes, Karen was deemed the runner-up and walked away with $20,000, and Kevin left the House with $100,000, a 2017 Toyota '86, a home makeover from the Brick, and was deemed the winner of Big Brother Canada 5.


title: Big Brother Canada (season 5)

text: "Big Brother Canada 5" received universal acclaim from fans and critics of the show, with many generally considered this season as the best in the show's history. Consistent praise went to the cast, the dynamics, and the tension inside the house. The gameplay and strategy of the cast were praised as well. Individually, the gameplay of Kevin Robert Martin, Ika Wong and Demetres Giannitsos received particular praise. The Double Eviction, which is the 14th episode of the season, aired on 13 April 2017, was acclaimed and would be labelled by some as one of the greatest North American Big Brother episodes ever.


title: Lindsay Ell

text: Lindsay Elizabeth Ell (born 20 March 1989) is a Canadian-American country pop singer, songwriter, guitarist and television personality from Calgary, Alberta. Her music incorporates elements of rock and blues. She is signed to the US record label Stoney Creek Records, an imprint of Broken Bow Records. Her debut extended play, "Worth the Wait", was released in March 2017. Her first full-length country album, "The Project", was released in August 2017 and debuted at No. 1 on the "Billboard" Country Album Sales chart.


title: Lindsay Ell

text: Lindsay Ell was born in Calgary. She started playing the piano at six, until she discovered her father's collection of guitars scattered throughout the house, switching at age eight; "I fell in love with the guitar," says Lindsay. "It's a huge part of who I am." Lindsay fell in love with the blues and started songwriting at age 10. Ell was valedictorian for her class at Bishop Carroll High School, from which she graduated a year early. She went on to study business at the University of Calgary and music at the Berklee College of Music, in addition to pursuing her music career.


title: Lindsay Ell

text: Randy Bachman discovered Ell when she was only 15 years old. Bachman described her as "the most talented and multi-faceted artist I've come across in many years". Bachman co-wrote and produced her first album "Consider This". It was recorded at Bachman's studio on Saltspring Island, and Ell herself co-wrote most of the 11 songs. The album was released in 2006 on Bachman's record label Ranbach Music and distributed by Fontana North. Ell toured with blues guitarist Buddy Guy in 2008. On her 2009 album, "Alone", she moved to a more acoustic sound compared to her debut.


title: Lindsay Ell

text: It was her first songwriting trip to Nashville that brought her full circle to her country roots. She travelled back and forth from Calgary to Nashville for a couple years to participate in songwriting sessions while playing as many live shows as she could to hone her craft. At the age of 21, she permanently moved to Nashville and signed with the US-based record label Stoney Creek Records.


title: Lindsay Ell

text: In December 2013, her first official single, "Trippin' on Us", debuted as the most added song for country music radio in both Canada and the United States with over 50 first week adds. Ell has since been called "a true triple threat" by Guitar World; "a star in the making" by Taste of Country and "a distinct figure in the modern country recording camp" by Country Weekly. Lindsay is a guitarist whose style has been influenced by John Mayer, Keith Urban, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Tommy Emmanuel, Chet Atkins, Buddy Guy, Randy Bachman, Eric Clapton and Jimi Hendrix. She typically plays a custom Les Paul Goddess and Martin acoustic guitars. She is an official Martin Guitar artist.


title: Lindsay Ell

text: Lindsay made her Grand Ole Opry debut on 15 April 2014 and has since made several appearances on the show. On 24 March 2017, Lindsay released her debut EP, "Worth the Wait", featuring six songs, one of which is a cover of John Mayer's "Stop This Train." "Worth the Wait shows off Ell’s talent in all capacities, as a guitarist, vocalist and songwriter," wrote Sounds Like Nashville in a review of the project. On 28 January 2018, Lindsay sang the Canadian National Anthem at the 2018 NHL All-Star Game. In March 2018, she performed at the festival in the UK. On July 29, 2020 upon her label's request Lindsay flew to Nashville to perform a remix as a guest artist on her label mate Tucker Beathard's newly released single titled "Faithful". The track was the first promotional single released upon the announcement Beathard's upcoming album titled KING, however the version that features her was left off of the album and was instead only able to be streamed via YouTube.


title: Lindsay Ell

text: On August 14, 2020, Ell released her fifth studio album, "Heart Theory", featuring the singles "I Don't Love You", "Want Me Back", and "Good on You". In October 2021, it was announced that Ell will host the second season of "Canada's Got Talent", which aired in 2022. She served alongside Priyanka as cohost of the 2021 Canadian Country Music Awards.


title: Lindsay Ell

text: Lindsay Ell was selected by The Band Perry to open for their "We Are Pioneers World Tour" which included 50 dates throughout Europe and North America during 2013 and 2014. She has also supported tours with Keith Urban, Luke Bryan, Buddy Guy, Big & Rich, Gretchen Wilson, Ronnie Dunn, Paul Brandt, Chris Isaak and Blake Shelton. In 2021, Lindsay Ell completed her first Canadian headlining tour, with special guest Robyn Ottolini supporting.