title: Pornography in Asia

text: In July 2015 the Supreme Court of India refused to allow the blocking of pornographic websites and said that watching pornography indoors in the privacy of ones own home was not a crime. The court rejected an interim order blocking pornographic websites in the country. In August 2015 the Government of India issued an order to Indian ISPs to block at least 857 websites that it considered to be pornographic. In 2015 the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) had asked internet service providers to take down 857 websites in a bid to control cyber crime, but after receiving criticism from the authorities it partially rescinded the ban. The ban from the government came after a lawyer filed a petition in the Supreme Court arguing that online pornography encourages sex crimes and rapes.


title: Pornography in Asia

text: In February 2016 the Supreme Court asked the Indian Government to suggest ways of banning all forms of child pornography.


title: Pornography in Asia

text: In October 2018 the government directed Internet service providers to block 827 websites that host pornographic content following an order by the Uttarakhand High Court, according to official sources. Although the Uttarakhand High Court had asked for the blocking of 857 websites, the Ministry of Electronics and IT (Meity) discovered that 30 of these had no pornographic content and removed them from the list. The court asked the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) to ban pornographic websites in India, citing an incident in Dehradun where a 10th standard girl was raped by four of her seniors. The accused later told police that they did so after watching pornographic content on the Internet. Following the order from the Uttarakhand High Court and the regulations of the DoT, Internet Service Providers in India banned pornographic websites across the country.


title: Pornography in Asia

text: The production, possession, sale, dissemination, distribution, or importation of pornography or pornographic material (including sex toys) is illegal in Maldives. There were attempts by the government to block pornographic websites. However, it is still accessible in the country as long it is viewed at home.


title: Pornography in Asia

text: Nepali law identifies pornography as illegal. The sharing, distribution and broadcasting of pornographic content through any medium is prohibited. In 2010 it was reported that the Home Ministry had banned access to a list of websites including explicitly adult websites. In September 2018, concerns about violence against women led the Government of Nepal to announce its intention to ban online pornography. From 24 September, the Nepal Telecommunications Authority (NTA) began to put a block on all websites providing pornographic content on the orders of the Nepal Government Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MOCIT). By 12 October more than 21,000 pornographic websites had been blocked.


title: Pornography in Asia

text: Pornography is illegal. It is not easily accessible, and the Government has put an all-time ban on websites containing such material since November 2011. The list of banned pornographic websites is updated on an ongoing basis.


title: Pornography in Asia

text: In 2010, The government banned more than 100 local and international porn sites and arrested people with pornography on their mobile phones. They also published the photos of 83 Sri Lankan porn stars, who they wanted to arrest.


title: Pornography in Asia

text: Pornography is illegal in Iran. However, due to widespread Internet access (in particular, downloading programs) and the existence of a large-scale black market in Western films, pornography is called "super film." In Iran, a law was passed in mid-2007 by parliament but still required approval of the Guardian Council, producers of pornographic films face execution if found guilty.


title: Pornography in Asia

text: Pornography is legal in Israel. Pornographic films in Israel began to be produced in the 1990s, but most of the films were shot in the early 2000s. Any kind of child pornography is strictly forbidden (under the age of 18).


title: Pornography in Asia

text: The production and distribution of pornography films are illegal in Lebanon. Regulation of Internet pornography is relatively light.


title: Pornography in Asia

text: In September 2011, four members of a criminal ring involved in the sale of pornographic films were arrested by Lebanese authorities. The men, of Lebanese and Syrian nationality, had been promoting the sale of unlicensed copies of pornographic DVDs in different areas of the country, particularly Byblos, north of Beirut, where they were apprehended. The men were referred to the relevant authorities, with the case investigated to uncover the remaining members of the ring and anyone else involved in the distribution of the pornographic films.


title: Pornography in Asia

text: In 2008, Hamas attempted to implement Internet filters to block access to pornography in the Gaza Strip.


title: Pornography in Asia

text: Saudi Arabia prohibits all forms of pornography due to Islam's opposition to it. In 2000 Saudi authorities said that they were "winning the war against pornography on the internet".


title: Pornography in Asia

text: Turkey is one of the few areas in Asia where pornography is allowed and produced. The industry can be traced all the way back to the 1970s since its inception.


title: Snoop Dogg's Doggystyle

text: Snoop Dogg's Doggystyle is a mixed hardcore pornography and hip-hop music video featuring the music of rapper Snoop Dogg and presented by him. It was released in 2001. It was the first hardcore video ever listed on the Billboard music video sales chart. Because of its huge success, it started a trend where rappers are put into the mainstream of the porn industry by hosting X-rated films. Many films of the genre followed, starring Necro, Mystikal, Too Short, Ice-T and Yukmouth. It also allowed Hustler to expand its boundaries by launching new subsidiaries for their recently formed fashion line and CD label. The scenes were shot at Snoop Dogg's house in Claremont, California. Snoop Dogg himself however, does not appear nude or perform any explicit acts.


title: Insight

text: Insight is the understanding of a specific cause and effect within a particular context. The term insight can have several related meanings:


title: Insight

text: An insight that manifests itself suddenly, such as understanding how to solve a difficult problem, is sometimes called by the German word "Aha-Erlebnis". The term was coined by the German psychologist and theoretical linguist Karl Bühler. It is also known as an epiphany, eureka moment or (for cross word solvers) the penny dropping moment (PDM). Sudden sickening realisations often identify a problem rather than solving it, so Uh-oh rather than Aha moments are further seen in negative insight. A further example of negative insight is chagrin which is annoyance at the obviousness of a solution missed up until the point of insight, an example of this being the Homer Simpson's catchphrase exclamation, D'oh!.


title: Insight

text: In psychology, insight occurs when a solution to a problem presents itself quickly and without warning. It is the sudden discovery of the correct solution following incorrect attempts based on trial and error. Solutions via insight have been proven to be more accurate than non-insight solutions.


title: Insight

text: Insight was first studied by Gestalt psychology, in the early part of the 20th century, during the search for an alternative to associationism and the associationistic view of learning. Some proposed potential mechanisms for insight include: suddenly seeing the problem in a new way, connecting the problem to another relevant problem/solution pair, releasing past experiences that are blocking the solution, or seeing problem in a larger, coherent context.


title: Insight

text: Generally, methodological approaches to the study of insight in the laboratory involve presenting participants with problems and puzzles that cannot be solved in a conventional or logical manner. Problems of insight commonly fall into three types.


title: Insight

text: The first type of problem forces participants to use objects in a way they are not accustomed to (thus, breaking their functional fixedness), like the "Duncker candle problem". In the "Duncker candle problem", individuals are given matches and a box of tacks and asked to find a way to attach a candle to the wall to light the room. The solution requires the participants to empty the box of tacks, set the candle inside the box, tack the box to the wall, and light the candle with the matches.


title: Insight

text: The second type of insight problem requires spatial ability to solve, like the "Nine-dot problem". The famous "Nine-dot problem" requires participants to draw four lines, through nine dots, without picking their pencil up.


title: Insight

text: The third and final type of problem requires verbal ability to solve, like the Remote Associates Test (RAT). In the RAT, individuals must think of a word that connects three, seemingly unrelated, words. RAT are often used in experiments, because they can be solved both with and without insight.


title: Insight

text: Two clusters of problems, those solvable by insight and those not requiring insight to solve, have been observed. An individual’s cognitive flexibility, fluency, and vocabulary ability are predictive of performance on insight problems, but not on non-insight problems. In contrast, fluid intelligence is mildly predictive of performance on non-insight problems, but not on insight problems. More recent research suggests that rather than insight versus search, that the subjective feeling of insight varies, with some solutions experienced with a stronger feeling of Aha than others.


title: Insight

text: People in a better mood are more likely to solve problems using insight. Research demonstrated that self-reported positive affect of participants uniquely increased insight before and during the solving of a problem, as indicated by differing brain activity patterns. People experiencing anxiety showed the opposite effect, and solved fewer problems by insight. Emotion can also be considered in terms of the insight experience and whether this is a positive Aha or negative Uh-oh moment. Research demonstrate that in order to have insights it is important to have a good degree of access to one's own emotions and sensations, that can cause insights. To the degree that individuals have limited introspective access to these underlying causes, they have only limited control over these processes as well.


title: Insight

text: Using a geometric and spatial insight problem, it was found that providing participants with breaks improved their performance as compared to participants who did not receive a break. However, the length of incubation between problems did not matter. Thus, participants' performance on insight problems improved just as much with a short break (4 minutes) as it did with a long break (12 minutes).


title: Insight

text: Research has shown sleep to help produce insight. Individuals were initially trained on insight problems. Following training, one group was tested on the insight problems after sleeping for eight hours at night, one group was tested after staying awake all night, and one group was tested after staying awake all day. Those that slept performed twice as well on the insight problems than those who stayed awake.


title: Insight

text: Differences in brain activation in the left and right hemisphere seem to be indicative of insight versus non-insight solutions. Using RAT’s that were either presented to the left or right visual field, it was shown that participants having solved the problem with insight were more likely to have been shown the RAT on the left visual field, indicating right hemisphere processing. This provides evidence that the right hemisphere plays a unique role in insight.


title: Insight

text: fMRI and EEG scans of participants completing RAT's demonstrated unique brain activity corresponding to problems solved by insight. For one, there is high EEG activity in the alpha- and gamma-band about 300 milliseconds before participants indicated a solution to insight problems, but not to non-insight problems. Additionally, problems solved by insight corresponded to increased activity in the temporal lobes and mid-frontal cortex, while more activity in the posterior cortex corresponded to non-insight problems. The data suggests there is something different occurring in the brain when solving insight versus non-insight problems that happens right before the solving of the problem. This conclusion has been supported also by eye-tracking data which shows an increased eye blink duration and frequency when people solve problems via Insight.


title: Insight

text: This latter result, paired with an eye pattern oriented to look away from sources of visual inputs (such as looking at blank wall, or out the window at the sky) proves different attention involvement in Insight problem solving vs problem solving via analysis.


title: Insight

text: It was found that groups typically perform better on insight problems (in the form of rebus puzzles with either helpful or unhelpful clues) than individuals.


title: Insight

text: Additionally, while incubation improves insight performance for individuals, it improves insight performance for groups even more. Thus, after a 15-minute break, individual performance improved for the rebus puzzles with unhelpful clues, and group performance improved for rebus puzzles with both unhelpful and helpful clues.


title: Insight

text: Personality and gender, as they relate to performance on insight problems, was studied using a variety of insight problems. It was found that participants who ranked lower on emotionality and higher on openness to experience performed better on insight problems. Men outperformed women on insight problems, and women outperformed men on non-insight problems.


title: Insight

text: Higher intelligence (higher IQ) has also been found to be associated with better performance on insight problems. However, those of lower intelligence benefit more than those of higher intelligence from being provided with cues and hints for insight problems.


title: Insight

text: A recent large-scale study in Australia suggests that insight may not be universally experienced, with almost 20% of respondents reporting that they had not experienced insight.


title: Insight

text: Individuals are poorer at predicting their own metacognition for insight problems, than for non-insight problems. Individuals were asked to indicate how "hot" or "cold" to a solution they felt. Generally, they were able to predict this fairly well for non-insight problems, but not for insight problems. This provides evidence for the suddenness involved during insight.


title: Insight

text: Recently, insight was studied in a non-laboratory setting. Accounts of insight that have been reported in the media, such as in interviews, etc., were examined and coded. It was found that insights that occur in the field are typically reported to be associated with a sudden "change in understanding" and with "seeing connections and contradictions" in the problem. It was also found that insight in nature differed from insight in the laboratory. For example, insight in nature was often rather gradual, not sudden, and incubation was not as important. Other studies used online questionnaires to further explore insight outside of the laboratory, verifying the notion that insight often happens in situations such as in the shower, echoing the idea that creative ideas occur in situations where divergent thought is more likely, sometimes called the Three B's of Creativity, in Bed, on the Bus or in the Bath.


title: Insight

text: Studies on primate cognition have provided evidence of what may be interpreted as insight in animals. In 1917, Wolfgang Köhler published his book "The Mentality of Apes", having studied primates on the island of Tenerife for six years. In one of his experiments, apes were presented with an insight problem that required the use of objects in new and original ways, in order to win a prize (usually, some kind of food). He observed that the animals would continuously fail to get the food, and this process occurred for quite some time; however, rather suddenly, they would purposefully use the object in the way needed to get the food, as if the realization had occurred out of nowhere. He interpreted this behavior as something resembling insight in apes. A more recent study suggested that elephants might also experience insight, showing that a young male elephant was able to identify and move a large cube under food that was out of reach so that he could stand on it to get the reward.


title: Insight

text: There are a number of theories representing insight; at present, no one theory dominates interpretation.


title: Insight

text: According to the dual-process theory, there are two systems used to solve problems. The first involves logical and analytical thought processes based on reason, while the second involves intuitive and automatic processes based on experience. Research has demonstrated that insight probably involves both processes; however, the second process is more influential.


title: Insight

text: According to the three-process theory, intelligence plays a large role in insight. Specifically, insight involves three different processes (selective encoding, combination, and comparison), which require intelligence to apply to problems. Selective encoding is the process of focusing attention on ideas relevant to a solution, while ignoring features that are irrelevant. Selective combination is the process of combining the information previously deemed relevant. Finally, selective comparison is the use of past experience with problems and solutions that are applicable to the current problem and solution.


title: Insight

text: According to the four-stage model of insight, there are four stages to problem solving. First, the individual prepares to solve a problem. Second, the individual incubates on the problem, which encompasses trial-and-error, etc. Third, the insight occurs, and the solution is illuminated. Finally, the verification of the solution to the problem is experienced. Since this model was proposed, other similar models have been explored that contain two or three similar stages.


title: Insight

text: In psychology and psychiatry, insight can mean the ability to recognize one's own mental illness. Psychiatric insight is typically measured with the Beck cognitive insight scale (BCIS), named after American psychiatrist Aaron Beck. This form of insight has multiple dimensions, such as recognizing the need for treatment, and recognizing consequences of one's behavior as stemming from an illness. A person with very poor recognition or acknowledgment is referred to as having "poor insight" or "lack of insight". The most extreme form is anosognosia, the total absence of insight into one's own mental illness. Many mental illnesses are associated with varying levels of insight. For example, people with obsessive compulsive disorder and various phobias tend to have relatively good insight that they have a problem and that their thoughts and/or actions are unreasonable, yet are compelled to carry out the thoughts and actions regardless. Patients with schizophrenia, and various psychotic conditions tend to have very poor awareness that anything is wrong with them. Psychiatric insight favourably predicts outcomes in cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis. Today some psychiatrists believe psychiatric medication may contribute to the patient's lack of insight.


title: Insight

text: The Pali word for "insight" is "vipassana", which has been adopted as the name of a kind of Buddhist mindfulness meditation. Recent research indicates that mindfulness meditation does facilitate solving of insight problems with dosage of 20 minutes.


title: Insight

text: Pat Conroy points out that an insight is a statement based on a deep understanding of your target consumers' attitudes and beliefs, which connect at an emotional level with your consumer, provoking a clear response ("This brand understands me! That is exactly how I feel! — even if they've never thought about it quite like that)" which, when leveraged, has the power to change consumer behavior. Insights must effect a change in consumer behavior that benefits your brand, leading to the achievement of the marketing objective.


title: Insight

text: In order to be actionable, as the expression of a consumer truth, an insight is to be stated as an articulated sentence, containing:


title: Insight

text: The gap between the second and the third term offers a tension, which constitutes a potential for a brand. Like there are concept writers for copies, there are insight writers.


title: Insight

text: In technical terminology of insight in market research is the understanding of local market by referring different source of information (such as quantitative research and qualitative research) proving for the consumers' insight.


title: Superacid

text: In chemistry, a superacid (according to the classical definition) is an acid with an acidity greater than that of 100% pure sulfuric acid (), which has a Hammett acidity function ("H") of −12. According to the modern definition, a superacid is a medium in which the chemical potential of the proton is higher than in pure sulfuric acid. Commercially available superacids include trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (), also known as triflic acid, and fluorosulfuric acid (), both of which are about a thousand times stronger (i.e. have more negative "H" values) than sulfuric acid. Most strong superacids are prepared by the combination of a strong Lewis acid and a strong Brønsted acid. A strong superacid of this kind is fluoroantimonic acid. Another group of superacids, the carborane acid group, contains some of the strongest known acids. Finally, when treated with anhydrous acid, zeolites (microporous aluminosilicate minerals) will contain superacidic sites within their pores. These materials are used on massive scale by the petrochemical industry in the upgrading of hydrocarbons to make fuels.


title: Superacid

text: The term "superacid" was originally coined by James Bryant Conant in 1927 to describe acids that were stronger than conventional mineral acids. This definition was refined by Ronald Gillespie in 1971, as any acid with an "H" value lower than that of 100% sulfuric acid (−11.93). George A. Olah prepared the so-called "magic acid", so named for its ability to attack hydrocarbons, by mixing antimony pentafluoride (SbF) and fluorosulfonic acid (FSOH). The name was coined after a candle was placed in a sample of magic acid after a Christmas party. The candle dissolved, showing the ability of the acid to protonate alkanes, which under normal acidic conditions do not protonate to any extent.


title: Superacid

text: At 140°C (284°F), FSOH–SbF protonates methane to give the tertiary-butyl carbocation, a reaction that begins with the protonation of methane:


title: Superacid

text: Common uses of superacids include providing an environment to create, maintain, and characterize carbocations. Carbocations are intermediates in numerous useful reactions such as those forming plastics and in the production of high-octane gasoline.


title: Superacid

text: Traditionally, superacids are made from mixing a Brønsted acid with a Lewis acid. The function of the Lewis acid is to bind to and stabilize the anion that is formed upon dissociation of the Brønsted acid, thereby removing a proton acceptor from the solution and strengthening the proton donating ability of the solution. For example, fluoroantimonic acid, nominally (), can produce solutions with a "H" lower than –21, giving it a protonating ability over a billion times greater than 100% sulfuric acid. Fluoroantimonic acid is made by dissolving antimony pentafluoride (SbF) in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF). In this mixture, HF releases its proton (H) concomitant with the binding of F by the antimony pentafluoride. The resulting anion () delocalizes charge effectively and holds onto its electron pairs tightly, making it an extremely poor nucleophile and base. The mixture owes its extraordinary acidity to the weakness of proton acceptors (and electron pair donors) (Brønsted or Lewis bases) in solution. Because of this, the protons in fluoroantimonic acid and other superacids are popularly described as "naked", being readily donated to substances not normally regarded as proton acceptors, like the C–H bonds of hydrocarbons. However, even for superacidic solutions, protons in the condensed phase are far from being unbound. For instance, in fluoroantimonic acid, they are bound to one or more molecules of hydrogen fluoride. Though hydrogen fluoride is normally regarded as an exceptionally weak proton acceptor (though a somewhat better one than the SbF anion), dissociation of its protonated form, the fluoronium ion HF to HF and the truly naked H is still a highly endothermic process (Δ"G"° = +113 kcal/mol), and imagining the proton in the condensed phase as being "naked" or "unbound", like charged particles in a plasma, is highly inaccurate and misleading.


title: Superacid

text: More recently, carborane acids have been prepared as single component superacids that owe their strength to the extraordinary stability of the carboranate anion, a family of anions stabilized by three-dimensional aromaticity, as well as by electron-withdrawing group typically attached thereto.


title: Superacid

text: In superacids, the proton is shuttled rapidly from proton acceptor to proton acceptor by tunneling through a hydrogen bond via the Grotthuss mechanism, just as in other hydrogen-bonded networks, like water or ammonia.


title: Superacid

text: In petrochemistry, superacidic media are used as catalysts, especially for alkylations. Typical catalysts are sulfated oxides of titanium and zirconium or specially treated alumina or zeolites. The solid acids are used for alkylating benzene with ethene and propene as well as difficult acylations, e.g. of chlorobenzene.


title: Superacid

text: The following values show the Hammett acidity function for several superacids, the strongest being fluoroantimonic acid. Increased acidity is indicated by smaller (in this case, more negative) values of "H".


title: Will Brooks

text: Willie Love Brooks (born October 8, 1986) is an American mixed martial artist who competes in the Lightweight division. A professional competitor since 2011, he is the former Bellator MMA Lightweight World Champion, and has also competed for DREAM, the Professional Fighters League and the UFC.


title: Will Brooks

text: Brooks grew up in Chicago projects in a broken home with his parents struggling with their demons. After getting kicked out of several schools due to fighting, he took up wrestling at Warren Township High School, but his main focus was playing football. Excelling in football during high school, he ended up going to college to play at Harper College, where he was an All-American in his first year. However, he let go of his dreams of playing in the NFL after sustaining a knee injury, which led to partying, substance abuse and eventually drug dealing. During his time in Harper, he met an old friend from high school in Nick Redding, who ended up changing the course of his life to MMA.


title: Will Brooks

text: Brooks made his professional MMA debut in January 2011. He competed exclusively in his native Illinois and quickly amassed an undefeated record of 7-0 in the first two years of his career.


title: Will Brooks

text: In late 2012, Brooks received the biggest opportunity of his career as he was invited to Japan by the DREAM organization. He faced experienced veteran Satoru Kitaoka at Dream 18 on December 31, 2012. Despite being a heavy underdog, Brooks dominated the fight and won via TKO in the second round.


title: Will Brooks

text: Following his impressive international debut, Brooks was quickly signed by Bellator Fighting Championships in January 2013.


title: Will Brooks

text: For his debut, Brooks was entered into the . He faced Ricardo Tirloni in the opening round at and won the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Will Brooks

text: He faced Saad Awad in the semi-finals at Bellator 91 on February 28, 2013, and lost via KO in the first round.


title: Will Brooks

text: Following the first loss of his career, Brooks rebounded with a win over Cris Leyva at on July 31, 2013.


title: Will Brooks

text: In the fall of 2013, Brooks entered into the Bellator Season 9 Lightweight tournament. He faced veteran John Alessio in the Quarterfinals on September 27, 2013, at . He won the fight in dominant fashion via unanimous decision.


title: Will Brooks

text: Brooks had a rematch with Saad Awad in the semifinal round at Bellator 105 on October 25, 2013, and dominated the fight for all three rounds, winning a unanimous decision victory.


title: Will Brooks

text: Brooks faced Alexander Sarnavskiy in the finals at Bellator 109 on November 22, 2013. He won the fight via dominant unanimous decision to earn a future title shot at the Lightweight title.


title: Will Brooks

text: On May 17, 2014, Brooks faced Michael Chandler filling in for the injured champ Eddie Alvarez at Bellator 120 for the Interim Bellator Lightweight Championship. He won via split decision to become the Interim Bellator Lightweight Champion.


title: Will Brooks

text: With Bellator Lightweight Champion Eddie Alvarez leaving the promotion, Brooks faced Michael Chandler in a rematch at Bellator 131 on November 15, 2014, for the vacant Bellator Lightweight Championship. He won the fight via TKO in the fourth round to become the undisputed Bellator Lightweight Champion.


title: Will Brooks

text: Brooks made his first title defense against long-awaited challenger Dave Jansen at Bellator 136 on April 10, 2015. He won the fight by unanimous decision.


title: Will Brooks

text: Brooks made his second defense against Marcin Held on November 6, 2015, at Bellator 145. Despite Held popping Brooks' knee in the opening round, Brooks continued on and won the fight via unanimous decision to retain the Bellator Lightweight Championship.


title: Will Brooks

text: On May 14, 2016, Brooks was released from Bellator MMA as the promotion decided not to renew his contract.


title: Will Brooks

text: On June 15, 2016, it was announced that Brooks had signed a six-fight deal with the UFC. He made his promotional debut against Ross Pearson on July 8, 2016, at . Brooks won the fight by unanimous decision.


title: Will Brooks

text: Brooks next faced Alex Oliveira on October 1, 2016, at UFC Fight Night 96. The bout took place at a catchweight of 161.5 lbs, as Oliveira missed weight. Brooks lost the fight via KO in the third round.


title: Will Brooks

text: Brooks faced Charles Oliveira on April 8, 2017, at UFC 210. He lost the fight by rear-naked choke submission in the first round.


title: Will Brooks

text: Brooks was scheduled to face Nik Lentz on October 7, 2017, at UFC 216. However the pairing was scrapped during the weigh-ins for the event, as Lentz was stricken with "medical issues" and deemed unfit to compete. The pairing with Lentz was rescheduled and eventually took take place on November 19, 2017 at UFC Fight Night 121. Brooks lost the fight via submission in the second round.


title: Will Brooks

text: On February 14, 2018, Brooks announced via social media that he had been officially released from the UFC after a 4 fight stint.


title: Will Brooks

text: Following his departure from the UFC, Brooks announced he had signed a deal with the Professional Fighters League and he would be entering the promotion's one million dollar tournament.


title: Will Brooks

text: In his debut, Brooks faced Luiz Firmino at PFL 2 on June 21, 2018. He won the fight by unanimous decision.


title: Will Brooks

text: In his second fight in the Lightweight tournament, Brooks faced Robert Watley on August 2, 2018, at PFL 5. He won the fight by unanimous decision and advanced to the playoffs.


title: Will Brooks

text: In the quarterfinal bout Brooks faced Rashid Magomedov at PFL 9 on October 13, 2018. The bout ended in a unanimous draw, but Brooks was eliminated from the tournament via first-round tiebreaker.


title: Will Brooks

text: In the end of January 2019, Brooks announced in social media that he became a free agent after the inaugural season of PFL.


title: Will Brooks

text: Brooks was expected to face Abel Trujillo at Battlefield FC 2 on July 27, 2019, but Trujillo was withdrawn from the bout and was replaced by Brooks' teammate Gleison Tibau. He lost the fight via first-round submission.


title: Will Brooks

text: Brooks faced Jose Filho at Art of Scrap 3 on October 30, 2021. He won the bout via rear-naked choke submission in the third round.


title: Will Brooks

text: Brooks faced Rafael Bastos on April 15, 2022 at Art of Scrap 4. He won the fight via TKO due to injury after Bastos broke his leg early in the first round.


title: Angélica Rivera

text: Angélica Rivera Hurtado (; born 2 August 1969) is a Mexican singer, model and telenovela actress who, as the wife of Former President Enrique Peña Nieto, was the First Lady of Mexico from 2012 to 2018.


title: Angélica Rivera

text: Rivera's work as an actress has included "Alcanzar una estrella II" (1991), "La Dueña "(1995), "Ángela" (1998), "Sin Pecado Concebido" (2001), "Mariana de la Noche" (2003) and "Tequila De Maguey" (2007), as well as the soap opera "Destilando Amor" (2007), responsible for her current nickname ""La Gaviota"" (English: The Seagull). As a singer she was a member of the short-lived fictional teen group Muñecos de Papel.


title: Angélica Rivera

text: Rivera was born in the neighborhood of Azcapotzalco, Mexico City and she is the daughter of Manuel Rivera Ruiz, a doctor, and María Eugenia Hurtado Escalante. She has five sisters and a brother. When actress Verónica Castro was filming near where Rivera lived as a young woman, they met and Castro suggested her to compete in "The Face of the Herald", a contest Rivera won in 1987.


title: Angélica Rivera

text: Rivera’s career began at the age of 17, when she won The Face of the Herald contest. She was a model in the video "Ahora Te Puedes Marchar" with Luis Miguel. She then filmed two TV and radio commercials, one for the United States and one for Japan, followed by the TNT video program hosted by Martha Aguayo.


title: Angélica Rivera

text: In 1989, Rivera received the opportunity to play a small part in the soap opera "Dulce Desafío". This part was followed by many others on shows such as "Simplemente Maria", "Mi Pequeña Soledad" and "La Picara Soñadora". In 1991 Rivera was selected to play the scheming and opportunistic Silvana in "Alcanzar una estrella II". In 1995, Rivera was chosen to give life to Regina Villarreal in La Dueña; alongside Francisco Gattorno. In 2003 she played a villain Marcia in the soap opera "Mariana de la Noche", produced by Salvador Mejía.


title: Angélica Rivera

text: In 2007, Rivera had the lead role in the successful and popular novela "Destilando amor" as Gaviota, a young girl from the country who went to the big city to look for a better life. As a result of her work on this soap, Rivera is frequently referred to in popular media as ""La Gaviota"".


title: Angélica Rivera

text: As the wife of Enrique Peña Nieto, who was elected President of Mexico from December 2012 through December 2018, Rivera was the First Lady of Mexico. She has also, from March 2013, been President of the "Sistema Nacional para el Desarrollo Integral de la Familia", the National System for Integral Family Development, a public institution for the welfare of families in Mexico.


title: Angélica Rivera

text: On 9 November 2014, Aristegui Noticias published an article which revealed that a $7 million house in Lomas de Chapultepec owned by Rivera was registered under the name of a company affiliated with a business group that had received government contracts. The revelation about the potential conflict of interest in the acquisition of the house aggravated discontent during the Peña Nieto administration. Days later, Rivera released a video where she detailed her income as a former soap opera actress, stating that she was selling the house and that the property was not under her name because she had not made the full payment yet. The apology was poorly received and became widely criticized across social media. After the incident, Rivera diminished her public profile.


title: Angélica Rivera

text: On 11 December 1994, Rivera was married to producer José Alberto Castro, brother of Verónica Castro, with whom she has three daughters: Angélica Sofía (born 1996), Fernanda (born 1999) and Regina (born 2005). The couple divorced in 2008.


title: Angélica Rivera

text: Rivera married Enrique Peña Nieto, then Governor of the State of Mexico, on 27 November 2010. Days later, she announced her retirement of her artistic career to focus on "this great responsibility by his side, dedicated to my home, to my children". From this marriage, she has three stepchildren.


title: Angélica Rivera

text: On 30 March 2012, Peña Nieto began his campaign for the presidency, and Rivera accompanied him to the events across the country. She also published a series of videos which she called "What my eyes see, what my heart feels", where she documented the campaign from her point of view.


title: Fritz Kreisler

text: Friedrich "Fritz" Kreisler (February 2, 1875 – January 29, 1962) was an Austrian-born American violinist and composer. One of the most noted violin masters of his day, and regarded as one of the greatest violinists of all time, he was known for his sweet tone and expressive phrasing. Like many great violinists of his generation, he produced a characteristic sound which was immediately recognizable as his own. Although it derived in many respects from the Franco-Belgian school, his style is nonetheless reminiscent of the "gemütlich" (cozy) lifestyle of pre-war Vienna.


title: Fritz Kreisler

text: Kreisler was born in Vienna, the son of Anna (née Reches) and Samuel Kreisler, a doctor. Of Jewish heritage, he was however baptised at the age of 12. He studied at the Vienna Conservatory between 1882-1885 under Anton Bruckner, Jakob Dont and Joseph Hellmesberger Jr., and in Paris Conservatory between 1885-1887, where his teachers included Léo Delibes, Lambert Massart and Jules Massenet. He was graduated from Paris Conservatory with a degree of "Premier Prix" gold medal at the age of 12, competing against 40 other players, all of whom were at least 20 years of age.


title: Fritz Kreisler

text: He made his United States debut at the Steinway Hall in New York City on November 10, 1888, and his first tour of the United States in 1888–1889 with Moriz Rosenthal. He then returned to Austria and applied for a position in the Vienna Philharmonic, but was turned down by the concertmaster Arnold Rosé. As a result, he left music to study medicine. He spent a brief time in the army before returning to the violin in 1899, when he gave a concert with the Berlin Philharmonic conducted by Arthur Nikisch. It was this concert and a series of American tours from 1901 to 1903 that brought him real acclaim. Kreisler was also an excellent pianist, and his piano playing is preserved on Ampico reproducing piano rolls.


title: Fritz Kreisler

text: During a concert tour of the United States in 1901, Kreisler met Harriet Lies, a New York-born divorcée who was a Vassar graduate and the daughter of a German American tobacco merchant. They fell in love immediately and were married a year later, though they repeated the ceremony three more times because of legal technicalities. They had no children, and Harriet devoted her life to his career. They were married for 60 years, until his death in 1962.


title: Fritz Kreisler

text: In 1910, Kreisler gave the premiere of Sir Edward Elgar's Violin Concerto, a work commissioned by and dedicated to him. He served briefly in the Austrian Army in World War I before being honourably discharged after he was wounded. He arrived in New York on November 24, 1914, and spent the remainder of the war in America. He returned to Europe in 1924, living first in Berlin, then moving to France in 1938. Shortly thereafter, at the outbreak of World War II, he settled once again in the United States, becoming a naturalized citizen in 1943. He lived there for the rest of his life, giving his last public concert in 1947, and broadcasting performances for a few years after that.


title: Fritz Kreisler

text: On April 26, 1941, he was involved in a serious traffic accident. Struck by a truck while crossing a street in New York, he suffered a fractured skull and was in a coma for over a week.


title: Fritz Kreisler

text: In his later years, he suffered from not only some hearing loss but also sight deterioration due to cataracts.


title: Fritz Kreisler

text: Kreisler died of a heart condition aggravated by old age in New York City in 1962. He was interred in a private mausoleum in Woodlawn Cemetery, the Bronx, New York City.


title: Fritz Kreisler

text: Kreisler wrote a number of pieces for the violin, including solos for encores, such as "Liebesleid" and "Liebesfreud". Some of Kreisler's compositions were pastiches ostensibly in the style of other composers. They were originally ascribed to earlier composers, such as Gaetano Pugnani, Giuseppe Tartini and Antonio Vivaldi, and then, in 1935, Kreisler revealed that it was he who wrote the pieces. When critics complained, Kreisler replied that they had already deemed the compositions worthy: "The name changes, the value remains", he said. He also wrote operettas, including "Apple Blossoms" in 1919 and "" in 1932, a string quartet, and cadenzas, including ones for Brahms's Violin Concerto, Paganini's D major Violin Concerto, and Beethoven's Violin Concerto. His cadenzas for the Beethoven concerto are the ones most often played by violinists today.


title: Fritz Kreisler

text: He wrote the music for the 1936 movie "The King Steps Out" directed by Josef von Sternberg, based on the early years of Empress Elisabeth of Austria.


title: Fritz Kreisler

text: Kreisler performed and recorded his own version of the first movement of Paganini's D major Violin Concerto. The movement is rescored and in some places reharmonised, and the orchestral introduction is completely rewritten in some places. The overall effect is of a late-nineteenth-century work.


title: Fritz Kreisler

text: Kreisler owned several antique violins made by luthiers Antonio Stradivari, Pietro Guarneri, Giuseppe Guarneri, and Carlo Bergonzi, most of which eventually came to bear his name. He also owned a Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume violin of 1860, which he often used as his second violin, and which he often loaned to the young prodigy Josef Hassid. In 1952 he donated his Giuseppe Guarneri to the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. where it remains in use for performances given in the library.


title: Fritz Kreisler

text: On recordings, Kreisler's style resembles that of his younger contemporary Mischa Elman, with a tendency toward expansive tempi, a continuous and varied vibrato, expressive phrasing, and a melodic approach to passage-work. Kreisler makes considerable use of portamento and rubato. The two violinists' approaches are less similar in big works of the standard repertoire, such as Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto, than in smaller pieces.


title: Fritz Kreisler

text: A trip to a Kreisler concert is recounted in Siegfried Sassoon's 1928 autobiographical novel "Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man".


title: Fritz Kreisler

text: The Australian manufacturer of electronics and consumer goods Kriesler (later a subsidiary of Philips) supposedly took its name after Fritz Kreisler but had intentionally misspelled the name as to avoid possible juristical actions from other parties.


title: Fritz Kreisler

text: Kreisler recorded extensively for Victor/RCA Victor and HMV. His recordings have been reasonably well represented on both LP and CD reissues. His final recordings were made in 1950.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: Filipe Jacinto Nyusi (; born 12 February 1959) is a Mozambican politician serving as the fourth President of Mozambique since 2015. He is the current leader of FRELIMO, the party that has governed Mozambique since its independence from Portugal in 1975. Additionally, he has served as the Chairman of the Southern African Development Community since August 2020.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: During his time in office, President Nyusi has promoted peace and security, and signed multiple agreements with the main opposition parties, RENAMO, to bring a definitive and lasting peace to Mozambique.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: Nyusi served as the Minister of Defense from 2008 to 2014 under Armando Guebuza. He won the 2014 and 2019 Mozambican presidential elections as the candidate of FRELIMO. Despite allegations of irregularities the President of the National Election Commission stated that "the elections were free, fair and transparent", with the Constitutional Count verifying the result on 23 December 2019. However, according to the European Union Election Observation Mission in Mozambique, Commonwealth Observer Group, and the U.S. Embassy in Mozambique, the 2019 election was characterized by instances of fraud, intimidation, and the murders of opposition leaders and election observers. The President of the National Election Commission acknowledged that the 2019 elections were marked by irregularities, stating that "that is why when [the National Election Commission] announced the results, nobody heard [the National Election Commission] saying that the elections were free, fair and transparent."


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: During his time in office from 2015 to 2018, the poverty reduction trend observed between 2009–11 and 2015 reversed direction; the number of multidimensionally poor people increased from about 21.3 to about 22.2 million people from 2015 to 2018, with the extra million poor people mainly located in rural areas of the central provinces.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: Since March 2015, at least 10 high-profile figures have been killed in Mozambique. These include leaders of opposition parties, journalists, and academics. Previously, no similarly defined high-profile leaders of opposition parties and academics were reported killed since the Peace Accord of 1992 between Renamo and FRELIMO. Nyusi has also been accused of abuse of power; for example, some 90,000 school desks publicly delivered by Nyusi in September 2018 were manufactured by a company 50% owned by his daughter. Furthermore, court documents filed by Jean Boustani in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York in 2019 and by Iskandar Safa in The High Court of Justice in London in 2021 alleged that Nyusi received up to 2 million dollars in bribes in 2014 in connection with illegal loans (also known as "hidden debts"), which caused an economic crisis in Mozambique when he was the Minister of Defense and/or afterward.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: His office time has been marked by the escalation of the war in Mozambique's central and northern regions. The FRELIMO government has been described as authoritarian by The Economist Intelligence Unit, Monjane et al., and Manning et al.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: Nyusi was born in Namau in Mueda District, Cabo Delgado Province, belonging to the Makonde ethnic group. Both his parents were veterans of the liberation movement, FRELIMO. At the start of the Mozambican War of Independence, he was taken across the Ruvuma River to neighboring Tanzania, where he was educated at FRELIMO Primary School in Tunduru. He pursued his secondary education at the FRELIMO school at Mariri in Cabo Delgado and at Samora Machel Secondary School in Beira.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: In 1973, aged 14, he joined FRELIMO and received political and military training at Nachingwea in Tanzania. In 1990, he completed his mechanical engineering degree at Antonín Zápotocký Military Academy (VAAZ) in Brno, Czechoslovakia, now the Czech Republic's University of Defense.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: Prior to his appointment to the cabinet by President Armando Guebuza, Nyusi worked for the state-owned Mozambique Ports and Railways Authority (CFM). He became the executive director of "CFM-Norte", the northern division of the company, in 1995. He joined the company's board of directors in 2007.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: From 1993 to 2002, Nyusi served as the President of Clube Ferroviário de Nampula, a top-division football club based in Nampula. He is also a lecturer at the Nampula campus of the Universidade Pedagógica, a fellow of the Africa Leadership Initiative, and a member of the National Committee of Fighters of the National Liberation Struggle ().


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: Nyusi's appointment came almost exactly one year after the fire. The resulting explosions of munitions at the Malhazine armory in Maputo killed more than 100 people and destroyed 14,000 homes. A government-appointed investigative commission concluded that negligence played a role in the disaster, and Dai "was blamed by many for failing to act on time to prevent the loss of life".


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: In September 2012, Nyusi was elected to the Central Committee of FRELIMO, the ruling party, at its 10th congress.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: On 1 March 2014, the FRELIMO Central Committee elected Nyusi as the party's candidate for the 2014 presidential election. In the first round of voting, he received 46% of the vote—well ahead of the second-place candidate, Luisa Diogo, but short of the majority needed to win outright. He defeated Diogo in the second round with 68% to her 31%. Although Nyusi was regarded as relatively obscure compared to the other candidates, he was most closely identified with President Guebuza. It was generally believed that the selection of Nyusi as FRELIMO's candidate would enable Guebuza, who was required to step down due to term limits, to retain substantial power after leaving office. Diogo, the defeated candidate, was associated with opposition to Guebuza within the party.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: Nyusi and his FRELIMO party won a landslide victory in an election that the opposition branded a "mega fraud". The elections were marked by assassinations and significant intimidation of prominent leaders of opposition parties and election observers. Local elections observers, civil society organizations, the Commonwealth Observer Group, and the European Union Election Observation Mission, reported significant intimidation, violence, and fraud during the election period. State resources, media, and aid for cyclone victims were extensively used in favor of FRELIMO, the ruling party, and its candidates. Nyusi, the incumbent president, was re-elected with 73% of the vote. The main opposition party RENAMO as well as the other opposition parties involved in the elections, contested the results, claiming there were numerous irregularities and accusing FRELIMO of "massive electoral fraud", including hundreds of thousands of "ghost voters". As evidence for the international community, Ossufo Momade, the president of RENAMO, transported to Europe a box filled with voting ballots that had been marked in favor of Nyusi before the start of the vote.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: Nyusi was inaugurated for his first term as the fourth president of Mozambique on 15 January 2015, and for his second term on 15 January 2020.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: During his time in office, Mozambique experienced increased poverty rates. According to the Mozambique Workers' Organization (Portuguese: "Organização dos Trabalhadores de Moçambique"), 23% of Mozambicans did not have any job or means to earn a living, and most of the unemployed were young. Since 2015, prominent leaders of opposition parties, academics, journalists, and leaders of civil society organizations have been assassinated throughout the country. Several assassination attempts, believed to be ordered by the Nyusi government, were made against the historical leader of opposition party RENAMO, Afonso Dhlakama, who demanded governorship in six provinces he and his party RENAMO had won in the 2014 general election. After the attempts on Dhlakama, war resumed in the traditional bastion of RENAMO in the central region of the country. The war in the central region of Mozambique continues to date. In 2017, another war started in the resource-rich northern region of the country.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: Since armed conflict re-emerged in 2013, the country has engaged in multiple efforts to secure peace. However, while these processes did not resolve the situation, they provided the platform to advance the peace process further. When the opportunity presented itself in December 2016, President Nyusi reopened dialogue with Renamo’s leadership, through a nationally-owned peace process that involved direct negotiations with the President of Renamo, the late Afonso Dhlakama. As part of the negotiations, President Nyusi travelled to Gorongosa to meet with Dhlakama. This was the first time in the country’s history that a sitting president travelled to Renamo’s stronghold.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: President Nyusi’s efforts culminated in the signing of the Maputo Accord for Peace and National Reconciliation in August 2019. The occasion was witnessed by Namibia's President-in-Office of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), Hage Geingob, the President of Rwanda, Paul Kagame, Former Presidents of Mozambique (Joaquim Chissano) and Tanzania (Jakaya Kikwete), the President of the Contact Group (Mirko Manzoni) and the Representative of Sant’Egidio Community (Matteo Zuppi). Since the signing of the Accord, both parties have consistently implemented agreements reached leading to the deepening of decentralisation and the implementation of the disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) process. To date, 2,307 DDR beneficiaries (including 153 women), 44% of the total number registered as part of the DDR process, are now beginning their reintegration back into society across the country and have expressed satisfaction with the way the process is being conducted.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: Nyusi is accused of corruption related to illegal loans (also known as "hidden debts") that caused an economic crisis in Mozambique. Between 2013 and 2014, three state-owned companies – Ematum, Mozambique Asset Management (MAM), Proindicus – borrowed $622 million from Credit Suisse and $535 million from VTB, ostensibly for a project involving tuna fishing and maritime security. A total of $2.2 billion in hidden loans was uncovered in 2016, which triggered a collapse in the metical and a default on its debt. International lenders such as the International Monetary Fund withdrew their support for the country. In June 2019 and May 2020, Mozambique's Constitutional Council declared the loans were illegal and void, as they were not approved by the parliament, and ruled that “[n]o expenditure can be assumed, ordered or carried out without being duly registered in the budget of the approved state ... which was not the case.”


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: In March 2019, three former Mozambican officials and five business executives were indicted in New York for their alleged role in the scheme. The U.S. Justice Department alleged that the loans were a front for government officials and bankers to enrich themselves. The government of Mozambique brought legal action in the United Kingdom to challenge the validity of the loans, as they were contracted under English law. Privinvest, in their defense, alleged that Nyusi had received payments as campaign contributions. Mozambican law prohibits public officials from receiving personal payments from third parties in connection with their current or former public officials. Credit Suisse and VTB have argued that the Mozambican government is liable to repay the loans.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: In the legal actions in New York (20 November 2019) and London (15 January 2021), it was alleged that Nyusi was one of the numerous officials who received bribes, in his case at least 2 million dollars and 1 million dollars, respectively. Armando Guebuza, President of Mozambique during the time of the alleged incident, stated during a hearing with attorney general Ana Sheila Marrengula on 30 September 2020 that Nyusi should be arrested to better clarify the loans because the money from the loans that went to Ematum and MAM was intended to guarantee the defense and security of the country, and Nyusi was the Minister of Defense at the time. The independence of the judiciary in Mozambique has been questioned by experts.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: Guebuza, who was instrumental in ensuring the selection of Nyusi as FRELIMO's candidate to allow Guebuza to retain influence after leaving office, is also listed as a defendant in the legal action in London in the context of the hidden loans. Former Minister of Finance Manuel Chang, who also served in the Guebuza government, was arrested in South Africa on 29 December 2018 at the request of U.S. prosecutors who want Chang extradited to the U.S. to face trial in connection with the loans. Chang has remained in jail in South Africa since then.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: Nyusi's government has been accused of using death squads (Portuguese: "esquadrões da morte") to assassinate individuals in opposition to the Mozambican government. There are also reports and accusations of corpse mutilation and extrajudicial assassinations of civilians by government security forces, including the Mozambique Defence Armed Forces and the Mozambique Rapid Intervention Police.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: Nyusi is a member of the Makonde ethnic community. He is married to Isaura Nyusi and has four children, Jacinto, Florindo, Claudia and Angelino.


title: Filipe Nyusi

text: On 3 January 2022, it was announced Nyusi and his wife were in isolation after testing positive for COVID-19.


title: Kylie Moore-Gilbert

text: Kylie Moore-Gilbert is an Australian-British academic in Islamic studies. She was a lecturer at the University of Melbourne's Asia Institute and has carried out research into revolutions in the Middle East, in particular Bahraini politics and protests.


title: Kylie Moore-Gilbert

text: From September 2018 to November 2020, she was imprisoned in Iran on a charge of espionage. Moore-Gilbert denies the charges the Iranian government made against her, and no evidence of her alleged crimes has ever been made public. The Australian government has rejected the charges as "baseless and politically motivated".


title: Kylie Moore-Gilbert

text: Moore-Gilbert was released by Iran in a "prisoner swap" on 26 November 2020, in exchange for three Iranian prisoners in Thailand, two of whom had been convicted in connection with the 2012 Bangkok bomb plot.


title: Kylie Moore-Gilbert

text: In December 2020, Iran launched a media misinformation campaign against Moore-Gilbert "accusing her of coordinating with a former Bahraini MP, Jasim Husain, to steal secrets for Israel". Husain was accused of teaching Moore-Gilbert Arabic and Persian, and offering to help her spy on Shia exiles in Iran.


title: Kylie Moore-Gilbert

text: Moore-Gilbert graduated from All Saints' College in Bathurst in 2005. From 2009, she studied Asian and Middle Eastern Studies at Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge, and spent a year abroad in Israel learning Hebrew. She graduated with first class honours in Arabic and Hebrew in 2013. In 2017, she obtained a PhD from the University of Melbourne for a thesis entitled "Shiʿi Opposition and Authoritarian Transition in Contemporary Bahrain: The Shifting Political Participation of a Marginalised Majority". Moore-Gilbert is currently Melbourne Early Career Academic Fellow and Lecturer in Islamic Studies at the Asia Institute of the University of Melbourne.


title: Kylie Moore-Gilbert

text: The intelligence arm of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps arrested her in September 2018 at Tehran Airport as she was leaving the country after attending a conference. She was subsequently tried and sentenced to ten years in prison for espionage. She was held in Evin Prison, reportedly in solitary confinement. Iranian authorities tried to recruit her as a spy in exchange for her release, which she declined. "Sydney Morning Herald" cited diplomatic and government sources to say she had been detained after it was discovered that she was in a relationship with an Israeli, leading to suspicions of her being a spy.


title: Kylie Moore-Gilbert

text: On 28 July 2020, Moore-Gilbert was said to have been transferred to Gharchak Women's Prison. In a phone call with Reza Khandan, the husband of jailed human rights lawyer Nasrin Sotoudeh, Moore-Gilbert said she felt hopeless, isolated, and unable to eat. Speaking Persian on the call, she said "I am so depressed. I don't have any phone card to call. I've asked the prison officers but they didn't give me a phone card. I [was last able to] call my parents about one month ago."


title: Kylie Moore-Gilbert

text: After she was jailed, Moore-Gilbert staged several hunger strikes. In May 2020, her family denied reports that she had attempted suicide in prison, or that she had been tortured by the Islamic Revolutionary Guards.


title: Kylie Moore-Gilbert

text: "The Sunday Times" reported in June 2020 that sources close to Gilbert's family had informed it of her receiving beatings at the hands of guards, due to her looking out for new prisoners, and suffered injuries on her hands and arms. They also said that the governor of Evin Prison had ordered her to be drugged to break her resistance. One source said that the beatings had caused her to repeatedly fall unconscious and she had major bruises over her entire body. Richard Ratcliffe, husband of Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe who was also held in Evin prison, said Moore-Gilbert was being kept in solitary confinement and being severely abused, which had shocked Iranian activists who knew about it. In August 2020, the Australian "60 Minutes" program on the Nine Network aired an episode called "Living Hell" about her imprisonment.


title: Kylie Moore-Gilbert

text: On 24 October 2020, Moore-Gilbert was said to have been transferred from Gharchak to an unknown location. Australian Foreign Minister Marise Payne said the Australian Government was "seeking further information" about Moore-Gilbert's location. On 29 October 2020, Moore-Gilbert was returned to Evin Prison. On 25 November 2020, Iranian state media announced that Moore-Gilbert had been released as part of a prisoner exchange. The Young Journalists Club, a news agency in Iran, stated that Moore-Gilbert was a "dual national spy [...] who worked for the Zionist regime", and that she had been exchanged for an Iranian businessman and two other Iranian citizens who had been held overseas.


title: Kylie Moore-Gilbert

text: Writing a personal note for the public on the day of her release, Moore-Gilbert wrote that despite her "long and traumatic ordeal" in jail in Iran and the "injustices" she had been subjected to, she departed Iran with the same sentiments as she came in: "as a friend and with friendly intentions."


title: Kylie Moore-Gilbert

text: During her detainment, the official advice to her family from the Australian Government was to keep a low profile, however in 2022 Moore-Gilbert said that greater media attention of her detention would have helped apply more pressure on the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade to negotiate her release.


title: Kylie Moore-Gilbert

text: Moore-Gilbert was held for 804 days where she endured psychological torture and degrading treatment, as well as solitary confinement from her captors.


title: Kylie Moore-Gilbert

text: Her book, "The Uncaged Sky: My 804 days in an Iranian prison," published by Ultimo Press, was shortlisted for the 2022 Nonfiction Age Book of the Year and for the 2023 Victorian Premier's Prize for Nonfiction.


title: Kylie Moore-Gilbert

text: Gilbert married Ruslan Hodorov, an Israeli national of Russian heritage, in a Jewish ceremony in 2017. In April 2021, she announced that she was divorcing him after she found out that he was having an affair with Kylie Baxter, who was her colleague and PhD supervisor, while also acting as an intermediary between University of Melbourne and Ruslan during Gilbert's imprisonment.


title: Kylie Moore-Gilbert

text: Julian Assange's fiancée Stella Morris claimed after Gilbert's release that she was his cousin. Craig Murray, a former British diplomat who is close to Assange, repeated this claim later. However, a 2011 account of Gilbert and Assange's meeting written by the former for the newspaper "The Western Advocate", headquartered in Bathurst, New South Wales, showed no signs of the two having known each other before.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: Pflugerville ( ) is a city in Travis County, Texas, United States, with a small portion in Williamson County. The population was 65,191 at the 2020 census. Pflugerville is a suburb of Austin and part of the Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos Metropolitan Statistical Area. It was named after the original German settlers who farmed the area; means 'plowman'.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: Pflugerville is located at , 14 miles (23 km) northeast of downtown Austin along FM 1825 (Pecan Street) in northern Travis County. It is northeast of the Colorado River.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: According to the 2010 United States Census Bureau, the city has a total land area of 22.32 square miles. It has 40.39 square miles in the extraterritorial jurisdiction. The city has one body of water, Lake Pflugerville, created in 2005 to serve as a water reservoir and recreation area, and two creeks, Gilleland Creek and Wilbarger Creek. A local school group, Wilbarger Water Watchers, in association with the LCRA, monitors the waters of Wilbarger Creek to ensure it meets the United States Environmental Protection Agency's national standard.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: The area was initially settled by German immigrant Henry Pfluger, Sr. (1803–1867) and members of his family from late 1849 into early 1850. Pfluger had been a wealthy farmer in Germany, but lost all of his property during the Prussian War. He arrived in the country with $1,600 and purchased of land two miles (3 km) east of Austin from John Liese, a brother-in-law who had immigrated before him. In 1853, Pfluger paid Liese $960 for a tract of land in an area known as Brushy Knob. There, the family lived in a five-room log cabin and raised corn, wheat, rye, beans, sweet potatoes, and sugar cane. The Pfluger family also owned several slaves, some of whom were fluent in German.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: During the 1870s, a school and Lutheran church were established at the settlement. The first commercial business in the community was a general store built by Louis Bohls in 1890. Two local organizations, the German-American Mutual Assistance Foundation, to insure residents against natural disasters; and "Pflugerville Schuetzen and Kegel Verein," a shooting and bowling club, were started. Pflugerville's post office opened in 1893, with Louis Bohls serving as its first postmaster.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: The population reached approximately 250 during the mid-1890s, and a small downtown developed, although most residents did their banking and shipping in Round Rock, eight miles (13 km) to the northwest.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: Wooden buildings were erected on Main Street and Pecan Street, many by Conrad Pfluger, one of Henry Pfluger, Sr.'s eight sons.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: In 1904, the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad (MKT) completed its track between Georgetown and Austin, passing just outside Pflugerville. Its close proximity to the line caused the community to grow rapidly.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: On February 19, 1904, the town site of Pflugerville was platted by George Pfluger and his son, Albert, dedicating streets and alleys for the town from the Alexander Walter and C. S. Parrish Surveys in Travis County. The plat consisted of sixteen blocks, rights-of-way, and the depot grounds to the MKT. The first addition to the town was the six-block Wuthrich Addition, platted on November 22, 1904. The first cotton gin was built by Otto Pfluger in 1904. It was destroyed by fire in 1931 and a new one was built at the same location.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: On June 8, 1906, the Farmers State Bank of Pflugerville opened with William Pfluger as its president and A.W. Pfluger as cashier.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: The first issues of the "Pflugerville Press", a weekly newspaper, began publishing on August 7, 1907 and operated through October 29, 1942.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: In 1910, black workers who worked in the Pflugerville cotton industry were not allowed to move into the town. Farmer La Rue Norton, who owned of land west of Pflugerville, set aside an acre and sold lots to the workers at $50 each. County records listed the settlement as Pflugerville's Colored Addition in April 1910.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: In 1913, H.S. Pfluger built the Sky Dome Theater, which showed motion pictures to the accompaniment of a player piano on Friday and Saturday nights. It closed in 1928.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: Around 580 people lived in the community in 1930. The arrival of the Great Depression halted what had been a lengthy period of growth in Pflugerville. The population fell slightly to 500 in 1940. In the years immediately after World War II, the community lost around a quarter of its population as citizens moved to Austin and other larger cities with greater employment opportunities. Despite the challenges of population loss and limited economic development, Pflugerville managed to survive.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: The community gained national attention when the Pflugerville Panthers won 55 consecutive football games from 1958 to 1962.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: Efforts to incorporate Pflugerville culminated in the holding of an election on July 24, 1965. A total of 102 votes were cast, with 60 (58.8%) supporting the proposition and 42 (41.2%) opposed. The town incorporated under a commission form of government. On April 4, 1970, an election was held that changed the form of government from commissioner to aldermanic, providing for an elected mayor and five aldermen.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: Pflugerville's population began to rebound after its incorporation, and by the 1970 census, it stood at 549. That figure had risen to 745 by 1980.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: During most of the 1980s, new development made Pflugerville one of the fastest-growing cities in Texas. Estimates from the late 1980s were as high as 3,900. Although the boom was slowed by a statewide recession, Pflugerville's population grew to 4,444 in 1990.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: Throughout the 1990s, the city of Austin experienced a rapid rise in its population. This was also the case in suburban areas surrounding the city. Pflugerville more than doubled in size by the next census, in 2000. Since then, Pflugerville has grown by approximately 20,000, with the total number of residents approaching 40,000 as of 2008. The 2010 Census placed Pflugerville's population at 46,936, but with annexations since the 2010 census, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates it to be 59,245 as of July 1, 2016. According to data from the 2000, 2010 and 2017 population estimates compiled by the U.S. Census Bureau, Pflugerville has the largest percentage black population out of all suburban cities in the Austin metro.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: As of the 2020 United States census, there were 65,191 people, 22,210 households, and 16,615 families residing in the city.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: As of the census of 2010, there were 46,936 people, 15,789 households, and 12,260 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,102.8 people per square mile (812.0/km). There were 16,418 housing units at an average density of 736.2 per square mile (284.0/km). The racial makeup of the city was 64.1% White, 15.5% African American, 0.6% Native American, 7.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 8.6% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 27.7% of the population.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: There were 15,789 households, out of which 45.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.4% were non-families. Of all households 17.0% were made up of individuals, and 4.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.96 and the average family size was 3.35.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.6% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 32.4% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 6.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.2 males.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2008-2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, the median income for a household in the city was $75,119, and the median income for a family was $84,449. Males had a median income of $53,670 versus $46,451 for females. The per capita income for the city was $29,995. About 6.6% of families and 9.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.5% of those under age 18 and 3.5% of those age 65 or over.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: By comparison, the census of 2000 reported 16,335 people, 5,146 households, and 4,425 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,440.6 people per square mile (556.2/km). There were 5,239 housing units at an average density of 462.0 per square mile (178.4/km). The racial makeup of the city was 77.18% White, 9.46% African American, 0.24% Native American, 4.31% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 5.99% from other races, and 2.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 16.69% of the population.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: There were 5,146 households, out of which 56.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.4% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.0% were non-families. Of all households 10.1% were made up of individuals, and 1.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.15 and the average family size was 3.39.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: In the city, the population was spread out, with 34.6% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 38.8% from 25 to 44, 16.9% from 45 to 64, and 3.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: The median income for a household in the city was $71,985, and the median income for a family was $73,629. Males had a median income of $49,989 versus $32,188 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,226. About 1.7% of families and 1.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.1% of those under age 18 and 1.3% of those age 65 or over.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: Public education in Pflugerville is provided by the Pflugerville Independent School District (PfISD). The district encompasses all or part of six municipalities, including Pflugerville, Austin, Coupland, Hutto, Manor and Round Rock.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: As of the 2017–2018 school year, PfISD has an enrollment of approximately 25,300 students and operates four high schools (Pflugerville, Connally, Hendrickson, and Weiss), six middle schools, 20 elementary schools, and two alternative campuses.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: In response to a recent influx of higher sales tax revenue, the City Council lowered the property tax rate annually from 2003 to 2014. In 2015 an increase in the property tax rate was announced for the first time in more than a decade, to pay for $53 million in transportation and park bond projects approved by voters in a 2014 bond election.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: While a mile-long stretch of Interstate 35 is often said by local media and residents to be in Pflugerville, the city of Austin actually controls this land, either as part of the city or through its extraterritorial jurisdiction. In November 2006, the first parts of a central Texas tollway system opened, including State Highway 130 and State Highway 45, increasing accessibility to Pflugerville. Approximately three miles of 130 run through Pflugerville, including the intersection of 45 and 130.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: One such development, Stone Hill Town Center, has opened, and includes Home Depot, Best Buy, SuperTarget, At Home, Bealls, Dick's Sporting Goods, PETCO, Ross Dress for Less, Office Depot, 24 Hour Fitness, Cinemark Theatres and a St. David's HealthCare 24-hour emergency care facility. With its close proximity to the Austin Executive Airport and SH 130, the connectivity of the area is attracting businesses and bringing jobs to Pflugerville.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: Before the Stone Hill development and the nearby Pfluger Crossing (a development that includes a Walmart Supercenter) opened their first stores in 2007, the city's two largest retailers were an Albertsons grocery store (which operated from 1996 to 2006) near Pflugerville High School and an H-E-B grocery store (operating since 2000) east of downtown.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: The Pflugerville Community Development Corporation (PCDC) has overseen economic development for the city since late 2009 as a Texas 4B Economic Development Corporation that collects a one-half cent sales tax on taxable goods purchased in the City of Pflugerville for the purpose of promoting economic development. The PCDC is a separate entity that reports to City Council.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: In 2010, RRE Austin Solar broke ground on what will be one of the nation's largest solar farms, the 60 MW Pflugerville Solar Farm, but as of July 2013 no significant construction had begun.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: PCDC has helped to develop the 130 Commerce Center, at the corner of State Highway 130 and Pecan (FM 1825), an office park with FedEx, TrackingPoint, Community Impact Newspaper, and D-bats, as well as two hotels and a conference center anticipated in 2016. EOS and Medway Plastics are planned tenants.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: On August 6, 2013, the city agreed on a development deal with Harvest Family Entertainment to build the sixth and largest Hawaiian Falls water park just south of the intersection of State Highway 130 and State Highway 45 across from Stone Hill Town Center. The proposed $21 million endeavor would consist of a 15-acre water park along with a 5-acre adventure park that would become the largest water park in the company. Hawaiian Falls Pflugerville opened in June 2014. The operator of Hawaiian Falls water and adventure parks defaulted on the October 2015 payment for Hawaiian Falls Pflugerville, and requested a deferment. The operator caught up with payments by December 18, 2015, but again defaulted on lease payments beginning in September 2016. The city began negotiations with Typhoon Texas to take over the water park lease.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: In 2020, Amazon began construction on a distribution center in Pflugerville. The distribution center has been reported to bring 1,000 full-time jobs and be one of the largest distribution centers in the state. In partnership, the City Council signed an agreement in which Amazon agrees to invest $250M and create 1,000 fulltime jobs and the Pflugerville Community Development Corporation will use money earmarked for economic development to make additional roadway and intersection improvements along FM 1825/Pecan St to support the project.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: Curative, Inc. opened a lab in Pflugerville in 2020 bringing hundreds of jobs. The company processes COVID-19 testing results.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: There are 28 developed parks, over of trails, of parks and 528 acres of open space within Pflugerville's city limits. Many of the parks offer a full range of amenities from pavilions, gazebos and playgrounds to pools and picnic areas.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: Pfluger Park is along Gilleland Creek and is the site of the city's annual German festival, the Deutschen Pfest, held the third weekend in May. The park includes the Fallen Warrior Memorial, trails, a grove, playground, volleyball courts, basketball court, picnic areas and large shade trees. Pfluger Park is also used for music events and festivals.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: Lake Pflugerville is a reservoir built to provide the citizens of Pflugerville with drinking water. It is open for fishing, swimming, jogging, canoes, kayaks and wind surfing. Lake Pflugerville Park includes a three-mile walking/jogging trail, playground, boat launch, pavilion and beach area.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: The Northeast Metro Skate/BMX Park opened on September 18, 2012 near Pflugerville. The Northeast Metropolitan Park is a multiple-use recreational area with soccer fields, multi-use fields, baseball fields, a cricket field, basketball court, tennis court, and a skate park. Amenities include restrooms, playgrounds, group shelters, picnic tables with grills, concession building for rent, and a water play area.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: Hawaiian Falls opened a water park and adventure park in Pflugerville on Memorial Day weekend, 2014. The water park is now known as Typhoon Texas. Typhoon Texas has celebrated more than 3 seasons in Pflugerville and recently opened a new restaurant, The Patio entertainment venue.


title: Pflugerville, Texas

text: In 2015, the city purchased a tract of land for a community park with a new sports complex and nature areas for $4.276 million. It will be home to the future sports complex as approved by the voters in the 2014 General Bond Election. The first phase opened.


title: Henry Brandon (actor)

text: Henry Brandon (born Heinrich von Kleinbach; 8 June 1912 – 15 February 1990) was an American film and stage character actor with a career spanning almost 60 years, involving more than 100 films; he specialized in playing a wide diversity of ethnic roles.


title: Henry Brandon (actor)

text: Brandon was born in 1912 in Berlin, Germany, the son of Hildegard and Hugo R. von Kleinbach, a merchant. His parents emigrated to the United States while he was still an infant. After attending Stanford University, where he was a member of the "Alpha Sigma Phi" fraternity, he trained as a theatre actor at the Pasadena Community Playhouse and subsequently performed on Broadway, continuing to return to the stage periodically throughout his career.


title: Henry Brandon (actor)

text: He made his motion picture debut in 1932 as an uncredited spectator at the Colosseum in "The Sign of the Cross". In the Victorian-era stage melodrama "The Drunkard" — played for laughs in a popular local revival — Kleinbach appeared as the wizened old villain "Squire Cribbs". The 22-year-old Kleinbach was so convincing in elderly makeup that he fooled movie producer Hal Roach, who hired Kleinbach to play Silas Barnaby, the villain in the Laurel and Hardy feature "Babes in Toyland". In 1936, having until then been performing under his real name, he adopted the stage name of Henry Brandon. He reprised the Barnaby character in Roach's short-subject production "Our Gang Follies of 1938".


title: Henry Brandon (actor)

text: In the late 1930s Brandon became a familiar face in adventure serials, almost always in villainous roles. In 1940, he had his only starring film role, as the imperious Fu Manchu in the Republic Pictures serial "Drums of Fu Manchu". The serial was withdrawn at the express request of the State Department in 1941 after the U.S. entry into World War II out of concern that it was inciting anti-Chinese sentiment in the American public, which conflicted both with the interests of the Chinese-American population and the international relationship with China as an allied power in the war against Japan.


title: Henry Brandon (actor)

text: Henry Brandon was a versatile character player, often called upon to portray various ethnic types. He played the character of Renouf, a deserter from the French Foreign Legion, in the 1939 remake of "Beau Geste". In 1943, he played Major Ruck, a British secret agent in the guise of an SS officer in "Edge of Darkness". In 1948 he appeared as Giles de Rais in "Joan of Arc". He appeared as the African tribal chieftain M'Tara in "Tarzan and the She-Devil" (1953), and a French army captain in "Vera Cruz" (1954).


title: Henry Brandon (actor)

text: In 1956, in one of his most famous credits, he played the chief villain, a Comanche chieftain called Scar, in John Ford's "The Searchers". The following year he portrayed Jesse James in "Hell's Crossroads". In 1958, he portrayed Acacius Page in "Auntie Mame". In 1959, he played the role of Gator Joe in "Woman in the River" in the crime drama "Bourbon Street Beat". On October 12, 1959 he played the role of Jason in Euripides' "Medea" as a part of the "Play of the Week" television series.


title: Henry Brandon (actor)

text: In 1960, he played a Native American character again as Running Wolf in the episode "Gold Seeker" in the television series "The Rebel". He played Asian characters in two 1961 episodes, viz. "Angel of Death" and "The Assassins", of the television series "Adventures in Paradise" and played an American Indian chieftain again in John Ford's "Two Rode Together". In 1965, he played the Shug chief in the pilot episode of "F Troop" and made a guest appearance on the TV programme "Honey West" "A Matter of Wife and Death" (episode 4).


title: Henry Brandon (actor)

text: Brandon married in 1941; the marriage produced one son before ending in 1946. He subsequently had a long relationship with the actor Mark Herron. Herron left Brandon in the mid-1960s, and was briefly the fourth husband of Judy Garland. Herron and Garland separated after five months of marriage, after which Herron returned to Brandon and remained with him until Brandon's death.


title: Henry Brandon (actor)

text: Brandon lived in West Hollywood in his final years. He suffered a heart attack and died on 15 February 1990, at the age of 77, at Cedars-Sinai Hospital in Los Angeles. His body was cremated, and the ashes were reportedly scattered at an undisclosed theatre location.


title: Alexander L. Kielland (platform)

text: Alexander L. Kielland was a Norwegian semi-submersible drilling rig that, on 27 March 1980, capsized in the Ekofisk oil field in the North Sea, killing 123 people. The capsize was the worst disaster in Norwegian waters since the Second World War. The rig, located approximately 320 km east of Dundee, Scotland, was owned by the Stavanger Drilling Company of Norway and was on hire to the U.S. company Phillips Petroleum at the time of the disaster. The rig was named after the Norwegian writer Alexander Lange Kielland.


title: Alexander L. Kielland (platform)

text: The rig was built as a mobile drilling unit at a French shipyard, and delivered to Stavanger Drilling in July 1976. The floating drill rig was not used for drilling purposes but served as a semi-submersible 'flotel' providing living quarters for offshore workers. By 1978 additional accommodation blocks had been added to the platform, so that up to 386 persons could be accommodated. In 1980, the platform was providing offshore accommodation for the production platform "Edda" 2/7C. Within a few days it was scheduled to start a new contract with Shell UK as a drilling rig.


title: Alexander L. Kielland (platform)

text: Early in the evening of 27 March 1980, more than 200 men were off duty in the accommodation on "Alexander L. Kielland". Conditions were rainy with dense fog, with the wind gusting to and waves up to high. "Kielland" had just been winched away from the "Edda" production platform.


title: Alexander L. Kielland (platform)

text: Minutes before 18:30, those on board felt a 'sharp crack' followed by 'some kind of trembling'. Suddenly "Kielland" heeled over 30° and then stabilised. Five of the six anchor cables had broken, the one remaining cable preventing the rig from capsizing. The list continued to increase and at 18:53, the remaining anchor cable snapped and the rig capsized.


title: Alexander L. Kielland (platform)

text: 130 men were in the mess hall and the cinema when the capsizing occurred. "Kielland" had seven 50-man lifeboats and twenty 20-man rafts. Four lifeboats were launched, but only one managed to release from the lowering cables. (A safety device did not allow release until the strain was removed from the cables). A fifth lifeboat came adrift and surfaced upside down; its occupants righted it and gathered nineteen men from the water. Two of "Kielland"s rafts were detached and three men were rescued from them. Two 12-man rafts were thrown from "Edda" and rescued thirteen survivors. Seven men were taken from the sea by supply boats and seven swam to "Edda".


title: Alexander L. Kielland (platform)

text: No one was rescued by the standby vessel "Silver Pit", which took an hour to reach the scene. Of the 212 people aboard the rig, 123 had been killed, making it the worst disaster in Norwegian offshore history since the Second World War and the deadliest offshore rig disaster of all time up to that point. Most of the workers were from Rogaland.


title: Alexander L. Kielland (platform)

text: At around 21:30 hrs. a vessel from the Dutch company Smitlloyd came on location. The crew of this vessel heard people shouting for help. Maneuvering with great caution the Smitlloyd vessel encountered a life raft from the rig and after checking this raft it was found empty. It was very difficult to get this life raft on deck so the crew let the raft go. 2 more liferafts were found by the Smitlloyd vessel and they also were found empty. The crew heard still people shouting for help but due to the dense fog nobody was seen. The Smitlloyd vessel stayed on location for several days helping the coordinated rescue operation.


title: Alexander L. Kielland (platform)

text: In March 1981, an investigative report concluded that "Kielland" collapsed due to a fatigue crack in one of its six bracings (bracing D-6), which connected the collapsed D-leg to the rest of the rig. This was traced to a small 6mm fillet weld which joined a non-load-bearing flange plate to this D-6 bracing. This flange plate held a sonar device used during drilling operations. The poor profile of the fillet weld contributed to a reduction in its fatigue strength.


title: Alexander L. Kielland (platform)

text: Further, the investigation found considerable amounts of lamellar tearing in the flange plate and cold cracks in the underlying groove weld. Cold cracks in the welds, increased stress concentrations due to the weakened flange plate, the poor weld profile, and cyclical stresses (which would be common in the North Sea) seemed to collectively play a role in the rig's collapse. Judging by paint on part of the fractured surface, the crack was probably due to improper work during the rig's construction in 1976. Other major structural elements then failed in sequence, destabilising the entire structure. The design of the rig was flawed owing to the absence of structural redundancy.


title: Alexander L. Kielland (platform)

text: "Kielland" was recovered in 1983 at the third attempt. The rig was scuttled later that year in the Nedstrand Fjord after a search for missing bodies had been completed, as well as several tests to determine the cause of the disaster.


title: Alexander L. Kielland (platform)

text: In response to the "Kielland" disaster, North Sea offshore installations tightened their command organization, identifying a clear authority who would order abandonment in case of emergency. The fourteen minutes between initial failure of the leg and the rig's eventual capsize left a window in which most of the personnel on board could have escaped, had a more effective command structure been in place. These revised command structures, similar to conventional shipping command structures, are now frequently put into use when vessels lose anchorage in storm conditions or when fixed installations are threatened by out-of-control vessels.


title: Alexander L. Kielland (platform)

text: The failure to deploy lifeboats led to new legislation regarding on-load release hooks for lifeboats on oil rigs. As a consequence, the International Maritime Organization issued a requirement for all lifeboats on merchant ships to be fitted with hooks that could be released even when they were under load.


title: Alexander L. Kielland (platform)

text: A memorial to the disaster was erected in 1986 on the coast of Kvernevik. Named "Broken Chain" (), the memorial depicts a broken chain link. It weighs about and stands high.


title: Alexander L. Kielland (platform)

text: Not long after "Kielland" capsized, her sister rig, "Henrik Ibsen", suffered a jammed ballast valve, causing her to list twenty degrees, but was later righted again. Approximately eighteen months later, "Ocean Ranger" capsized in similar weather conditions off the Newfoundland coast. An investigation into the cause of the "Ocean Ranger" disaster by the United States Coast Guard established that structural failure was not a factor.


title: Resident Alien (comics)

text: Resident Alien is an American comic book series created by Peter Hogan and Steve Parkhouse. The series was published by Dark Horse Comics in five installments of four-issue miniseries, followed by a six-issue miniseries, from 2012 to 2021. A seventh miniseries will be published in late 2022.


title: Resident Alien (comics)

text: The story is about an alien who crash lands on Earth, then poses as a doctor while he awaits a rescue. He is pursued by a government agency and passes his time solving murders and other mysteries. The series has received positive reviews from critics, particularly for Parkhouse's ability to draw expressions.


title: Resident Alien (comics)

text: Parkhouse and Hogan had previously collaborated on five issues of "The Dreaming" for Vertigo comics in 1999, and Hogan had been wanting to collaborate again. When Hogan asked Parkhouse what kind of project he would like to do, Parkhouse suggested something with an alien. The two worked closely on the broader aspects of the plot, but Hogan developed most of the story. Dark Horse Publisher Mike Richardson provided editorial input that helped Hogan and Parkhouse find the right tone for the narrative.


title: Resident Alien (comics)

text: Hogan felt the depiction of "aliens as monsters or invaders had become stale" and wanted to bring a "sympathetic attitude to a nonhuman character". He also wanted to mix the science fiction and mystery genres to get some "interesting sparks". He drew inspiration from "Twin Peaks", "The Man Who Fell to Earth", and "My Favorite Martian", and he specifically requested Parkhouse base the design for the main character upon aliens from DC comics published in the early 1960s, such as Chameleon Boy.


title: Resident Alien (comics)

text: The title came from a conversation Hogan had many years earlier with an English friend who was married to an American. When asked if he had a Green Card, the friend instead showed an ID that read "Resident Alien". Hogan thought the phrase was funny and would make a great title.


title: Resident Alien (comics)

text: Because Parkhouse is unable to maintain the work pace necessary for a monthly series, "Resident Alien" is being published as a series of four-issue miniseries. Hogan said a new miniseries each year is "the best balance for us, though I sometimes wish we could squeeze in another issue or two". For the first three miniseries, the first chapter was serialized in the anthology series "Dark Horse Presents" before being collected as issue zero. Issues are then published monthly, and a trade paperback (TPB) collection is released shortly after the miniseries concludes.


title: Resident Alien (comics)

text: The first chapter was serialized in "Dark Horse Presents" vol 2 #4–6 (October – December 2011). When it was collected as "Resident Alien" #0 in April 2012, it was the 268th best selling issue of the month with estimated orders around 4,800 copies. Issue #1, released the following month, had estimated orders of about 5,700. The collected volume was released February 27, 2013 with the subtitle "Welcome to Earth!".


title: Resident Alien (comics)

text: The second miniseries followed a similar publication schedule. The first chapter of the second miniseries, subtitled "The Suicide Blonde", was serialized in "Dark Horse Presents" vol 2 #18–20 (November 2012 – January 2013) before being reprinted as issue zero in August 2013. The first issue, published the following month, had estimated orders of about 3,900. The 104 page trade paperback was released on May 28, 2014.


title: Resident Alien (comics)

text: The third miniseries, subtitled "The Sam Hain Mystery", was written before the second miniseries began publication. Parkhouse got the idea for a detective named "Sam Hain" from Neil Gaiman in 1990 during a conversation about the holiday Samhain. When he decided to write a fictional detective into "Resident Alien", he asked Gaiman for permission before using the name. The first chapter was serialized in "Dark Horse Presents" vol 3 #1–3 (August – October 2014) and reprinted as issue zero on April 29, 2015. The trade paperback was released on November 11, 2015.


title: Resident Alien (comics)

text: A fourth miniseries, "The Man With No Name", began in September 2016 and was followed by a fifth miniseries, "An Alien in New York", which began in April 2018. Instead of serializing the first chapter and starting with a zero issue, these miniseries were numbered one through four. A sixth miniseries, "Your Ride's Here", premiered in 2020 and was planned as the story's conclusion. The success of the television adaptation led to a seventh miniseries, "The Book of Love", in 2022.