title: Asshole

text: This word or its literal translation is found in colloquial speech in a number of cultures besides English because it describes both an intimate part as well as an organ for defecation, both of which are considered to be taboo parts of the body in many societies.


title: Asshole

text: The English word "ass" (meaning donkey, a cognate of its zoological name "Equus asinus") may also be used as a term of contempt, referring to a silly or stupid person. In the United States (and, to a lesser extent, Canada), the words "arse" and "ass" have become synonymous.


title: Asshole

text: In 2000, during a Labor Day event, then-candidate George W. Bush made an offhand remark to his running mate, Dick Cheney, that "The New York Times" reporter Adam Clymer was a "major league asshole." The gaffe was caught on microphone and led to a political advertisement chiding Bush for "using expletives... in front of a crowd of families," produced for Democratic opponent Al Gore.


title: Asshole

text: In February 2004, American media reported that during a rally of supporters, Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez was reported to have called Bush "an asshole" for believing his aides in supporting a coup against Chavez in 2002. The word in its original Spanish was "pendejo", and in news coverage the word was widely (though incorrectly) translated as "asshole"; the true meaning of the word varies substantially within Latin America, and in Venezuela its meaning is closer to "fool". In September of the following year, "Nightline" host Ted Koppel said to Chavez on national television: "I'm going to perhaps shock you a little, but these are your words. You called President Bush an asshole,"—to which Chavez replied, "I've said various things about him. I don't know if I actually used that word."


title: Asshole

text: In 2008, the Liberal Democrat MP for Leeds North West, Greg Mulholland was recorded describing health minister Ivan Lewis as an arsehole after Lewis refused to let him intervene in a Westminster Hall debate on hospice funding. He later publicly defended his comment.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: Football Club Torpedo Moscow (, "FK Torpedo Moskva"), known as Torpedo Moscow, is a Russian professional football club based in Moscow that was founded in 1924 and returned to the Russian Premier League, the top tier of Russian football, for the 2022–23 season. Their colours are white and black, with green also commonly being associated with the club. They play their home games at Eduard Streltsov Stadium, but have been playing at Luzhniki Stadium since their home stadium began a reconstruction project in 2021.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: The new stadium is designed by the architects Michel REMON and Alexis PEYER from the French office MR&A.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: Torpedo are historically one of the big Moscow clubs who enjoyed great domestic success during the Soviet era. In recent history, however, the club has suffered from financial troubles and poor management which has seen them drop down the divisions. A top flight club since 1938, Torpedo were relegated for the first time in their history following the 2006 Russian Premier League season and have only played one campaign in the top division since, in 2014–15, spending the other seasons bouncing around between the second and third tiers. In the 2021–22 season, the club won their first FNL title, and returned to the Russian Premier League.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: Torpedo Moscow Football Club (based on Proletarskaya Kuznitsa teams) was formed in 1924 by the AMO automotive plant (later known as "Stalin Automotive Plant – ZIS" and later "Likhachev Automotive Plant – ZIL").


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: They played in the Moscow League until 1936 when they became one of the founder members of the Soviet 'B' League and changed their name to Torpedo Moscow. In 1938, they were promoted to the 'A' League. In 1949, Torpedo won their first professional title, the USSR Cup. In 1957 Torpedo Moscow, as well as other Soviet sport clubs named "Torpedo", became a part of the republican VSS "Trud" of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: Nicknamed "the Black-Whites," Torpedo has not been a major force in Russian football since the days of Eduard Streltsov, the brilliant striker of the 1950s and 1960s, known as "the Russian Pelé." In 1960, Torpedo won the double; the Top League and the USSR Cup.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: Torpedo had its glory period in the 1980's and early 90s, when they made six Soviet/Russian Cup finals, winning the 1985–86 Soviet Cup and the 1992–93 Russian Cup, and finished in the top 6 7/8 times from 1983 to 1991.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: The club used to belong to the ZIL automobile plant until a fallout in the mid-1990s that resulted in Torpedo leaving their historic ground and moving across town to Luzhniki, as they became property of the Luzhniki corporation and its name was changed to Torpedo-Luzhniki between (1996–1997) before it was renamed Torpedo Moscow.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: After selling Torpedo Moscow in 1996, ZIL created a new team, Torpedo-ZIL (1997), which debuted in the Third Division and reached the Russian Premier League in 2000. However, ZIL sold the team to MMC Norilsk Nickel in 2003, where it was relaunched as FC Moscow. This new team, however, was eventually dissolved after spending the 2010 season in Amateur Football League when its owner and main sponsor, MMC Norilsk Nickel, withdrew funding.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: After selling Torpedo-ZIL in 2003, ZIL created another team, Torpedo-ZIL (2003), which began play in the Third Division. This team, however, was also eventually disbanded in 2011 after its efforts to seek promotion to the First Division failed.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: Under SC Luzhniki ownership (1996–2009), the team had some high points that had not been reached since the Soviet era, such as finishing in the top four of the Russian Premier League from 1999 to 2002 – including a third-placed finish in 2000 – but were relegated to the First Division in 2006 and after two seasons it fell further to the Second Division. In early 2009, Luzhniki sold the team back to ZiL. For most of this era, the team played at Luzhniki Stadium.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: It was speculated that ZIL would merge Torpedo Moscow and Torpedo-ZIL (2003), but instead an independent Torpedo Moscow spent 2009 in the Amateur Football League, later earning two consecutive promotions to gain a spot in the First Division in 2011. In their first season back in the First Division, the team finished eighth during the first half of the tournament at the end of 2011, taking them through to a Top 8 Promotion playoff during the season's second half.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: In the 2012–13 season, Torpedo barely avoided relegation to the second division. At the end of the championship the head coach was replaced once again when 42-year-old Vladimir Kazakov was hired, who played for Torpedo in the past. Several players with experience of playing at the highest level were acquired. However, in the first 6 matches, Torpedo were able to earn only two points; manager Kazakov took the blame and resigned. In 2013, a team led by Aleksandr Borodyuk began to become more competitive, ultimately placing third in the 2013–14 season and securing a playoff spot for promotion to the Premier League. The team drew the previous year's 14th-placed Premier League team, Krylia Sovetov Samara, in a game held on 18 May 2014 at the stadium in suburban Ramenskoye, which ended 2–0 for Torpedo. On 22 May, in the tie's second leg at Metallurg Stadium in Samara, Torpedo played to a draw, thus prevailing on aggregate and returning to the Premier League after an eight-year absence.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: The 2014–15 season began poorly for Torpedo in the top division; in the first matchday, the club was defeated 1–4 by CSKA Moscow. At the end of the season, the team was relegated back to the Russian Football National League after finishing second-last, in 15th. Due to a lack of financing, however, Torpedo could only receive licensing for play in the third-tier Russian Professional Football League for 2015–16 season, thus sealing a two-level relegation.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: In 2017 Torpedo got a new owner – Roman Avdeev, who is a Russian billionaire and the head of Ingrad real estate development company and Rossium concern.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: The Eduard Streltsov Stadium, Torpedo's home stadium, is also owned by Rossium. In 2017 Roman Avdeev announced the reconstruction of the stadium. Work began in 2021, once completed, the capacity will be 15,000 (all-seated).


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: In July 2018 Erving Botaka's failed transfer back to Torpedo Moscow made headlines across Europe when it was reported the club canceled his contract because the ultras refused to allow a black footballer to play for the club. Torpedo later denied this via an official statement but the Torpedo ultras were adamant with their own statement. At the end of the 2018–19 season, they were promoted back to the second-tier FNL. Torpedo won the 2021–22 Russian Football National League to secure the return to the Premier League for the first time in 16 years on 21 May 2022.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: Torpedo's rivalries are with the other Moscow clubs (excluding Spartak), Lokomotiv, CSKA, and Dynamo, with whom they contest the Moscow derbies, as well as FC Zenit Saint Petersburg.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: It has been reported that some fans have displayed far-right symbols and banners both during and outside of matches, such as the Celtic Cross and the Swastika, which has been reported negatively by media on several occasions.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: Torpedo Moscow's best campaigns in Europe were reaching the quarter-finals of the 1990–91 UEFA Cup, losing to Brøndby on penalties, and the quarter-finals of the 1986–87 European Cup Winners' Cup, losing to Bordeaux on away goals.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: Torpedo have one of Russia's best and largest football education structures, ranging from the club's academy to several football schools around the city associated with the club, who provide financial and technical support to them. Torpedo's football school, which would later become the club's academy, was founded in 1957 and has traditionally been one of the strongest producers of players in Russia with many players making the step-up to the first team and others being moved onto other clubs after graduating from the academy. Torpedo's school has also been under the jurisdiction of Torpedo-ZIL and FC Moscow at various points in history amid changes in the club's ownership.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: The club has produced some of Russia's most important players in history, including national team legends, twin brothers Aleksei Berezutski and Vasili Berezutski, Sergei Ignashevich, who would later go on to manage the club and Eduard Streltsov, a club legend who would have Torpedo's stadium named after him. Other graduates of the club's famed academy include former Chelsea and Celtic goalkeeper Dmitri Kharine, Zenit goalkeeper Andrey Lunyov, Pavel Mamaev, Kirill Nababkin, Valentin Ivanov, Valery Voronin, Aleksandr Ryazantsev.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: Torpedo's reserve squad, the highest level of their academy, has played professionally in the Russian football pyramid as FC Torpedo-d Moscow (Russian Second League in 1992–93, Russian Third League in 1994–95), FC Torpedo-Luzhniki-d Moscow (Russian Third League in 1996–97) and FC Torpedo-2 Moscow (Russian Second Division in 1998–2000). They have since returned to youth football with FC Torpedo-M currently the final stage of Torpedo's academy, competing in the youth competitions in Russia.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: On January 26, 2022, the Board of Directors of Torpedo Moscow decided to revive the Torpedo-2 for its further participation in Russian Football National League 2.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: Had international caps for their respective countries. Players whose name is listed in bold represented their countries while playing for Torpedo.


title: FC Torpedo Moscow

text: "As of the match played 20 April 2007 and according to official site. Players in bold are still currently playing for Torpedo Moscow."


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: Europe Ecology – The Greens ( , EELV ) is a centre-left to left-wing green political party in France. The party is a member of the European Green Party. The party was formed on 13 November 2010 from the merger of The Greens and Europe Ecology.


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: Following the 2008 municipal elections, The Greens sought to increase their political influence. Echoing these calls, Daniel Cohn-Bendit proposed the creation of open electoral lists for the 2009 European elections and the Greens' leadership allowed for the exploration of this possibility. Europe Ecology (EE), launched in the autumn of 2008, allowed The Greens to create a wider electoral alliance with environmentalists and social activists who had not been party members in the past. The new structure included, alongside longtime Green politicians, new activists or environmentalists such as Jean-Paul Besset (close to Nicolas Hulot), José Bové (alter-globalisation activist from the "Confédération paysanne"), Yannick Jadot (former head of Greenpeace France), Eva Joly (magistrate) and Michèle Rivasi (founder of CRIIRAD).


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: EE was successful in the 2009 European elections on 7 June 2009, reaching third place in France with 16.3% of the vote, only a few thousand votes behind the Socialist Party (PS), winning 14 of France's 72 seats in the European Parliament. The experience led to further attempts to expand the French green movement, ahead of the 2010 regional elections. Europe Ecology ran independent lists in the first round in every region, once again with the participation of new activists including Philippe Meirieu, Laurence Vichnievsky or Augustin Legrand. While they fell short of their 2009 success, EE nevertheless managed to win 12.5% of the vote nationally (third place).


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: The Greens and those new activists who joined the movement by way of EE – but who did not wish to join the party – began talks to allow for the creation of a new, enlarged political movement. In October and November 2010, EE and later The Greens ratified new statutes and a new manifesto. Notably, these new statutes allowed for "cooperators" - individuals who did not join the party as full paying members but who are nonetheless allowed to run as candidates, vote in presidential primaries and partake in debates over the platform.


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: The official launch of the new party, presented as a new political force, was held in Lyon on 9 November 2010. The new party adopted the name Europe Ecology – The Greens ("Europe Écologie Les Verts", EELV). However, the launch of the party was marked by tensions between longtime politicians from the former Green party and new activists from various non-political social movements. Jean-Paul Besset, for example, resigned all his leadership responsibilities in EELV within weeks and denounced a "poisonous Cold War atmosphere". A month later, Philippe Meirieu was named as the first president of the party's new federal council, created by the EELV statutes.


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: In the 2011 cantonal elections, EELV won 8.2% of the vote nationally – becoming the third largest force on the left behind the PS and Left Front (FG). Although the traditional runoff deals were sealed with both of these parties, some EELV candidates qualified for the runoff against other left-wing candidates did not withdraw, creating tensions with EELV's traditional left-wing allies. Ultimately, EELV won 27 seats, 16 more seats than what the Greens had won in the same series of cantons in 2004.


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: A presidential primary to nominate a candidate for the 2012 presidential election, open to members and cooperators, was held in June and July 2011. Four candidates sought the EELV nomination, most notably Eva Joly, an MEP and Nicolas Hulot, a well known TV personality and environmentalist. Joly emerged victorious in the runoff on 12 July with 58.16%.


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: In the 2011 senatorial elections, an agreement with the PS allowed for the first left senatorial majority under the Fifth Republic and the creation of the first entirely green parliamentary group.


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: On 15 November 2011, EELV and the PS signed a coalition agreement prior to the 2012 presidential election. The agreement included a commitment to reduce the share of nuclear energy in France from 75% to 50% by 2025, the progressive shutdown of 24 nuclear reactors, the creation of a carbon tax and raising taxes on very high incomes. The agreement also included an ad hoc electoral deal for the 2012 legislative elections in which the PS conceded over 60 constituencies to EELV, which would allow EELV to form a parliamentary group. On 8 May 2012, following the left's victory with François Hollande, EELV's federal council voted in favour of cabinet participation in the new left-wing government.


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: In the 2012 presidential election, EELV candidate Eva Joly won 2.3% of the vote and was eliminated in the first round.


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: In the 2012 legislative elections, EELV candidates won 5.46% nationally and elected a record 17 deputies (in addition to one member of the regionalist Breton Democratic Union, backed by EELV). However, every EELV deputy who was victorious had benefited from the endorsement of the PS, although many faced local PS dissidents.


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: In the government of Jean-Marc Ayrault formed on 16 May 2012, EELV has two cabinet ministers: former party leader Cécile Duflot as minister of housing and territorial equality, and former MEP Pascal Canfin as junior minister for international development.


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: In the 2014 European elections on 25 May 2014, EELV received 8.95% of the vote, sixth place nationally, returning 6 MEPs.


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: In the 2019 European elections, EELV performed significantly above expectations, winning 13.5% of the vote and 13 out of 79 MEPs, placing third behind LREM and RN. This came despite EELV having not polled above 10% during the campaign.


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: Following the success of the 2019 European elections, the polls for the municipal elections predict good results for EELV. Thus, cities like Rouen, Villeurbanne, Strasbourg, Besançon or Lille are considered as being able to be won. On the evening of the first round, around twenty environmentalist lists won the elections in the first round (including outgoing mayors such as in Schiltigheim), and EELV came out on top in several large cities (Besançon, Lyon, Strasbourg or Grenoble), or second but favorite in others (Bordeaux, Poitiers). The scores are however disappointing in several big cities like Paris, Nîmes, Montpellier or Marseille. In the latter, however, the EELV's list (8% in the first round) merges with the union list of the left which came in first (23%), moreover led by an environmental candidate from but suspended from the party, Michèle Rubirola.


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: The second round confirms these good scores since the party wins the municipalities of Lyon, Strasbourg and Bordeaux, the latter not having known alternation since 1945, but also Besançon, Tours, Poitiers and Grenoble. The candidates of Lille and Metz both suffer a narrow loss of 200 votes, respectively against and with the Socialist Party. The Rouen and Villeurbanne's lists join those of the Socialist Party, both elected, like that of Marseille.


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: As a green party, EELV prioritises and emphasises environmental issues. It calls for a 40% reduction in CO emissions, phasing out nuclear energy in favour of renewable energy, the creation of 600,000 'green jobs', eco-friendly urban planning (the creation of green housing and the promotion of public transportation), the development of sustainable agriculture and a moratorium on the use of genetically modified organisms. EELV, like the Greens before it, has generally opposed large-scale development projects, most recently the "Aéroport du Grand Ouest" in Notre-Dame-des-Landes (Loire-Atlantique), although the PS and the incumbent government officially support the project.


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: On economic issues, EELV leans strongly to the left. Besides the creation of 'green jobs' in fields such as thermal isolation and renewable energies, it also supports a carbon tax and raising the progressive income tax levels for high earners (60% for incomes between €100,000 and €500,000, 70% for incomes over €500,000). EELV is close to some anticapitalist and many alter-globalisation activists. In its alternative budget in 2011, EELV proposed to reduce the public debt by closing fiscal loopholes.


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: The party has traditionally supported European federalism, although many of its European policies are in conflict with the current direction and leadership of the European Union. EELV, like the Greens before it, has been one of the strongest proponents of decentralisation, officially supporting "differentiated federalism" which would devolve significant powers to the regions of France. The regionalist federation "Régions et Peuples Solidaires" has long been closely allied to the green movement in France. François Alfonsi of the Party of the Corsican Nation (PNC) was elected to the European Parliament on an EE list in 2009.


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: The green movement supports political reform, including voting rights for foreigners in both local and national elections, abolishing the "cumul des mandats", term limits and a 'Sixth Republic' with a more powers for the parliament and direct democracy. The greens have long promoted gender equality in politics, its leadership and electoral candidates tend to respect gender parity and the EELV group in the French National Assembly has two co-presidents, one male and one female.


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: EELV claims 34 departmental councillors, 65 regional councillors and 50 mayors. Cities with an EELV mayor include Marseille, Lyon, Bordeaux, Tours, Grenoble, Strasbourg and Poitiers.


title: Europe Ecology – The Greens

text: The party executive is formed by the Executive Bureau. The national secretary is the leader of the executive bureau and is the party's most senior leader. The federal council is composed of 150 members (75 men and 75 women) and serves as the party's parliament, meeting on a monthly basis.


title: Suhel Seth

text: Suhel Seth (born May 1963) is an Indian businessman and columnist who is the founder and managing partner of the consultancy firm Counselage India. Seth is also a columnist, actor, keynote speaker, and a TV Pundit.


title: Suhel Seth

text: He currently serves as the Chairman, Marketing Committees of Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI). He is also on the Experts Committee of Indian Railway Board.


title: Suhel Seth

text: Seth was born in Calcutta and lived there with his parents till the age of 28. His father owned a chemical factory in Calcutta, which was closed down on account of the then prevailing political unrest, largely due to Naxalite activities, union conflicts, and strikes.


title: Suhel Seth

text: In 1996, Seth and his brother founded the advertising agency Equus. He also founded Quadra Advisory with Shunu Sen. He started Counselage India, a consultancy firm in 2002, of which he is still a managing partner.


title: Suhel Seth

text: Seth was inducted to the global Advisory Board of the San Francisco-based blogging platform LiveJournal Inc. in 2008. After working with the Tata Group during the management crisis to reconstruct their brand image in 2016, Seth was hired by the Adani Group as a brand consultant in 2018. Seth is an established speaker on social and commercial trends for the Indian consumer base at business, advertising, and marketing events including several Indian Institute of Management (IIM) colleges. He is a regular columnist for the Financial Times, Hindustan Times, The Telegraph, and the Indian Express.


title: Suhel Seth

text: Seth has four books to his credit. His first book, "In Your Face", is a compilation of interviews and columns by him published in different national dailies and magazines. He has co-authored the book "Kalighat to Calcutta", with Khushwant Singh and R. K. Laxman. His last individually authored book "Get to the Top", published in 2011, acts as a perfect guide for the aspirational Indian. It tells readers how to get ahead in life by connecting with the rich and famous. He has also co-authored "The Target" with Shantanu Guha Ray. It talks about the downfall of business tycoon Jignesh Shah's global empire.


title: Suhel Seth

text: Seth has acted in several English plays as well as a few Bollywood films. He sits on the international board of Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts (RADA).


title: Suhel Seth

text: His first role, in the movie Rog, was one that he took up on the request of a friend. He did a very small role in critically acclaimed movie 'Ek Din Achanak' in 1989. He was then seen in the much-acclaimed multi-starrer Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara, where he played the father of one of the female leads. Seth was also a part of the critically acclaimed film Guzaarish. He was last seen in the movie Calendar Girls, playing a character based on liquor baron Vijay Mallya.


title: Suhel Seth

text: Seth also sits on the board of the Max Foundation that works to provide access to cancer treatment for people across the globe. Seth is a donor at the Partition Museum established in Amritsar in 2017. He made a donation of 50 lakhs towards a gallery in the museum which is dedicated to his parents. He has a seat on the advisory board of the Indian Head Injury Foundation (IHIF). The foundation works towards building brain trauma care systems in India.


title: Suhel Seth

text: In 2011, tobacco major ITC filed two separate suits against Suhel, claiming his tweets and newspaper articles against its chairman, YC Deveshawar, as defamatory. ITC officials alleged that Seth had been making such comments since 2007, when the company terminated its contract with his firm, Equus. Suhel responded through a tweet claiming that his account was constantly hacked into and that he was taking steps.


title: Suhel Seth

text: In 2014, during a panel discussion on sports conducted as part of the Times Literature Festival in Mumbai, Seth failed to recognise Viren Rasquinha, the former captain of India's national field hockey team, and questioned the latter's involvement in the event. Seth was subsequently forced to apologise after a public outcry.


title: Suhel Seth

text: In 2018, Seth was accused of sexual harassment by over 20 women that included model Diandra Soares, filmmaker Natashja Rathore, and writer Ira Trivedi, in a social media backlash referred to as India's Me Too movement. This led to Tata Sons, the holding company of the Tata Group, terminating Seth as its brand consultant.


title: Suhel Seth

text: This followed beverage maker Coca-Cola's public release that its long-standing association with Seth and his company, Counselage, stands dissolved. "He is not a consultant for the board or company presently", the statement said, adding that it took this step in the wake of ongoing allegations against Suhel in the #MeToo movement.


title: Suhel Seth

text: Post Coca-Cola, Adani Group too reportedly terminated Suhel's contract as branding consultant. The group stated the contract that had ended in September 2018 shall not be renewed. "Mr Suhel Seth was consulted for a short-term project which expired in September 2018. He is no longer associated with the Adani Group.", it said on Twitter. Two other Indian conglomerates, Mahindra Group and JSW Group, followed suit claiming not to be associated with Seth on any project.


title: Nasri (musician)

text: Nasri Tony Atweh (, born 10 January 1981), known mononymously as Nasri, is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and record producer. He currently resides in Los Angeles, California, United States. He is the lead vocalist and songwriter for the reggae fusion band, Magic!, a group consisting of fellow Toronto natives, Mark Pellizzer, Alex Tanas, and Ben Spivak. MAGIC!'s single "Rude" became a major international hit single. He is currently managed by Wassim "Sal" Slaiby.


title: Nasri (musician)

text: Nasri is also a renowned songwriter and producer, one half of the songwriting and production duo the Messengers. He and Adam Messinger have produced a string of hits for well-known artists, including Justin Bieber, Shakira, Pitbull, Chris Brown, Halsey, and more. In 2012, he earned the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album for his production work on Chris Brown's "F.A.M.E.". He also received a Latin Grammy for Best Pop Vocal Album and the Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album for his work on Shakira's "El Dorado". His songs "As Long as You Love Me" by Justin Bieber and "Feel This Moment" by Pitbull both made the top 10 of the "Billboard" Hot 100.


title: Nasri (musician)

text: Nasri was born and raised in Toronto as a child of Palestinian Christian immigrants from Nazareth. and began singing at the age of six. He studied at Senator O'Connor College School, and while attending, was part of the school choir as well as extra-curricular sports.


title: Nasri (musician)

text: At age 19, Atweh presented a demo to a local radio station. He then earned a deal with Universal Canada. Two years later in 2002, he won the John Lennon Songwriting Contest with a song he wrote with Adam Messinger. The following year, he released two solo singles through Universal, "Go" and "Ova N' Dun With"․


title: Nasri (musician)

text: The songs received some airplay in Canada, and another song titled "Best Friend" was also heard on indie radio in his hometown in 2003. According to the promotional material attached to his single "Go", he was to release an album titled "Invisible Walls" sometime in 2003 or 2004, but that never materialized. In 2007, he released a song entitled "Click, Click, Click", that would ultimately be covered by the New Kids on the Block.


title: Nasri (musician)

text: Nasri is part of the writing and production duo the Messengers alongside Adam Messinger. He helped drive the reunion of the New Kids on the Block in 2007, and wrote numerous songs for them including his first, "Summertime". Over the course of the following years, Nasri wrote (usually with Messinger) for other major label artists such as Justin Bieber, David Guetta, Shakira, Cody Simpson, Cheryl, Boyzone, JLS, Kat Deluna, Elliott Yamin, Jason Derulo, Akon, Pitbull, Christina Aguilera, Chris Brown, Lana Del Rey, Big Time Rush, Iggy Azalea, Michael Bolton, Peter Andre, JoJo, Jay Sean, Vanessa Hudgens, No Angels, Manafest, and Iyaz.


title: Nasri (musician)

text: The Messengers are a Grammy-winning production team. Their work has resulted in two Grammy Award nominations for 2011 Best Pop Vocal Album for Justin Bieber ("My World 2.0"), 2011 Best Contemporary R&B Album for Chris Brown ("Graffiti"), and a win for 2012 Best R&B Album for Chris Brown ("F.A.M.E."), as well as their collaboration with Justin Bieber / Rascal Flatts in "That Should Be Me" that won a 2011 CMT Music Award for Best Collaborative Video. In 2017 and 2018, he was honored with the Latin Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album and the Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album for his work on Shakira's "El Dorado".


title: Nasri (musician)

text: While playing music with friend Mark Pellizzer (who played guitar for Justin Nozuka) in 2012, Nasri conceived of Magic!. Mark Pellizzer then recruited Alex Tanas on drums and Ben Spivak on bass. In 2013, Magic! released their highly successful debut single, "Rude", which peaked at number six on the Canadian Hot 100, topped the charts in the United States and the United Kingdom, and peaked within the top ten of the charts in Australia, New Zealand, Denmark, the Netherlands and Sweden. The band is signed to Sony Music Entertainment and partnered with Latium Entertainment in addition to RCA Records in the USA.


title: Nasri (musician)

text: Their debut album, "Don't Kill the Magic", was released in 2014 and charted at number 5 in Canada and at number 6 in the U.S. Their follow-up, "Primary Colours", was released in 2016 and third album Expectations in 2018.


title: Nasri (musician)

text: Since 2009, he has been linked romantically with the German singer Sandy Mölling. The two had met while working on the No Angels album "Welcome to the Dance". He has a son called Noah with Mölling.


title: Jet (song)

text: "Jet" is a song by Paul McCartney and Wings from their third studio album "Band on the Run" (1973). It was the first British and American single to be released from the album. The song's title was inspired by the name of a pony Paul came across while writing the song on a farm in Scotland.


title: Jet (song)

text: The song peaked at number 7 on both the British and American charts on 30 March 1974, also charting in multiple countries in Europe. It has since been released on numerous compilation albums, and has since become one of the band's best-known tracks.


title: Jet (song)

text: Reviewers have reported that the song's title was inspired by the McCartneys' Labrador Retriever dog named "Jet". McCartney has substantiated this claim:


title: Jet (song)

text: However, in a 2010 interview on the UK television channel ITV1 for the programme "Wings: Band on the Run" (to promote the November 2010 CD/DVD re-release of the album) McCartney said that Jet was the name of a pony he had owned, although many of the lyrics bore little relation to the subject; indeed, the true meaning of the lyrics has defied all attempts at decryption.


title: Jet (song)

text: In a 2017 interview on Australian radio station Triple J for the segment Take 5, McCartney said that the song was actually about his experience meeting Linda's father:


title: Jet (song)

text: Whereas most of the "Band on the Run" album was recorded in Lagos, Nigeria, "Jet" was recorded entirely at Abbey Road Studios in London after the group's return (according to engineer Geoff Emerick in his book "Here There and Everywhere"). Instrumentation used in the song includes electric guitars, bass, Moog, drums, piano, horns and strings. A closer listening reveals the Moog is used for the bass line during the verse and is simply Linda holding the root note.


title: Jet (song)

text: "Jet" was released as the debut single from "Band on the Run" in January 1974 (although in some countries, the Non-UK/US single "Mrs. Vandebilt" was released first). The single was backed with "Let Me Roll It" in Britain. When first released in America, the single's B-side was "Mamunia," another track from "Band on the Run", but it was soon replaced with the British B-side.


title: Jet (song)

text: The single was a Top 10 hit for Paul McCartney and Wings. It peaked at number 7 on both the British and American charts on 30 March 1974, and charted in multiple countries in Europe. "Jet" has since been released on multiple compilation albums, including "Wings Greatest" (1978), "All the Best!" (1987), "" (2001) and "Pure McCartney" (2016).


title: Jet (song)

text: Prominent music critic Dave Marsh named the song number 793 in his list of the 1001 greatest singles ever made. He referred to it as a "grand pop confection" that represented the only time McCartney approached the "drive and density" of his tenure with the Beatles. Writer Graham Reid has described it as a power pop "gem." "Billboard" said that the "guitar energy" and vocal performances generate "an outstanding production." "Cash Box" called it a "catchy number" with "distinctive guitar riffs," a "straightforward rock beat" and "provocative lyrics."


title: Jet (song)

text: Paul McCartney was quoted in "Clash" magazine that the soft rock band The Carpenters were fans of "Jet":


title: Jet (song)

text: Japanese pop power trio Shonen Knife's cover of this song is the last track on their 2008 album "Super Group". Group member Naoko Yamano said that she picked the song since she is a longtime fan of McCartney.


title: Jet (song)

text: The song was also covered live by American rock band Jellyfish, and the recording was included in their 1991 EP "Jellyfish Comes Alive".


title: Jablonski diagram

text: In molecular spectroscopy, a Jablonski diagram is a diagram that illustrates the electronic states and often the vibrational levels of a molecule, and also the transitions between them. The states are arranged vertically by energy and grouped horizontally by spin multiplicity. Nonradiative transitions are indicated by squiggly arrows and radiative transitions by straight arrows. The vibrational ground states of each electronic state are indicated with thick lines, the higher vibrational states with thinner lines.


title: Jablonski diagram

text: Radiative transitions involve the absorption of a photon, if the transition occurs to a higher energy level, or the emission of a photon, for a transition to a lower level. Nonradiative transitions arise through several different mechanisms, all differently labeled in the diagram. Relaxation of the excited state to its lowest vibrational level is called vibrational relaxation. This process involves the dissipation of energy from the molecule to its surroundings, and thus it cannot occur for isolated molecules. A second type of nonradiative transition is internal conversion (IC), which occurs when a vibrational state of an electronically excited state can couple to a vibrational state of a lower electronic state. A third type is intersystem crossing (ISC); this is a transition to a state with a different spin multiplicity. In molecules with large spin-orbit coupling, intersystem crossing is much more important than in molecules that exhibit only small spin-orbit coupling. ISC can be followed by phosphorescence.


title: American Outlaws

text: American Outlaws is a 2001 American Western alternate history film directed by Les Mayfield and starring Colin Farrell, Scott Caan, and Ali Larter.


title: American Outlaws

text: Confederate guerillas attempt to raid the Union Army late in the American Civil War. The guerillas are ambushed, but thanks to the sharp-shooting of Frank James and the distractions of his brother Jesse they survive. The James, along with their buddies, the Younger brothers, congratulate themselves but learn that the Confederacy has pulled out of the war and it is over. The group decides to return to Missouri to their families and farms.


title: American Outlaws

text: When they arrive, their town is occupied by the Union Army. Jesse's childhood friend Zee has grown into an attractive young woman, and there is a man hanging in the town square. Farmers are being pressured to sell their farms to the railroad company, who are pushing across the United States. If they don't sell their land to Thaddeus Rains, and his secret-service organizer, Allan Pinkerton, the farmers are burned out of their homes, or killed.


title: American Outlaws

text: Frank finds the railroad doesn't even need their land. The James and Younger brothers don't want to sell, and Cole Younger loses his temper when several railroad men approach him about selling and kills two of them. The army decides to hang him, but his brothers Bob and Jim, along with Jesse, Frank, and Zee, decide to rescue him. During the rescue, Jesse is shot in the shoulder, and hides out at Zee's.


title: American Outlaws

text: A few weeks later, when Jesse has recovered, the railroad sets fire to the James' home, killing Jesse's mother. The James and Younger brothers ride out for revenge against the railroad men but instead focus on the bank's payroll, reasoning that if they steal the money and attack supply trains, the army will notice. Dubbing themselves the James–Younger Gang, they set out robbing banks, with Pinkerton and Rains struggling to stop them. The James gang turns themselves into folk heroes in the process.


title: American Outlaws

text: The gang struggles over leadership, with Cole feeling that Jesse is getting an overblown ego from the publicity of the gang's activities. Jesse backs down, after an argument, and lets Cole plan and execute a robbery; Cole's chosen target proves to be a trap set by Pinkerton and Rains. Jim is shot and killed, and Jesse and his brother leave the gang, with Jesse later marrying Zee.


title: American Outlaws

text: The gang does not do well without the James'. People do not respect the Younger brothers as much as they did the James-Younger Gang. When Jesse and Zee attempt to start a new life, Pinkerton finds and arrests Jesse. During the train ride to the jail, Jesse is chained in a rear car, but tricks a deputy into showing his gun, which he takes from him and uses to escape to the top of the train car.


title: American Outlaws

text: Zee and the remainder of the Gang shoot a cannon at the train, stopping it and rescuing Jesse. Confronted with Rains and Pinkerton, Jesse shoots neither of them but rather Rains' prized watch. Pinkerton tells Jesse that he should go to Tennessee, as 'the railroad has no interest in Tennessee'.


title: American Outlaws

text: "American Outlaws" opened to dismal box office and mostly negative reviews. Many critics cited a poor sense of time and place as a major cause of the film's problems. Others just dismissed the film as another "Young Guns" ripoff.


title: American Outlaws

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a 14% approval rating based on 103 reviews, with an average rating of 3.7/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "With corny dialogue, revisionist history, anachronistic music, and a generically attractive cast, "American Outlaws" is a sanitized, teenybopper version of Jesse James". On Metacritic it has a score of 25% based on reviews from 26 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".


title: American Outlaws

text: Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote: "For years there have been reports of the death of the Western. Now comes American Outlaws, proof that even the B Western is dead." Robert Koehler of Variety said the film "sadly symbolizes the decline of the Western. The 36th bigscreen version of the exploits of the James-Younger Gang is one of the least convincing."


title: American Outlaws

text: Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times gave it a positive review and called it "a handsome and skillful retelling of a legend that imaginatively draws on conventions of both the western and the gangster movie to create an energetic yet thoughtful contemporary action-adventure."


title: Kuiil

text: Kuiil is a fictional character in the "Star Wars" franchise who first appeared in the first season of the Disney+ television series "The Mandalorian". An alien of the Ugnaught species, Kuiil is a former indentured servant of the Galactic Empire living in solitude when he encounters the show's title character and assists him in seeking and protecting a young alien known as "The Child".


title: Kuiil

text: Kuiil is portrayed as wise, patient, and hard-working, with a high level of mechanical skills and a gruff but ultimately kind-hearted personality. The voice of Kuiil was performed by Nick Nolte, who completed his recordings for all the character's dialogue in a single afternoon. Kuiil's performance was done by Misty Rosas, who during filming wore an animatronic face mask created by Legacy Effects.


title: Kuiil

text: Kuiil's face was brought to life through animatronics and puppetry, with its electronics and wires concealed in the backpack and pockets of Kuiil's costume. Three puppeteers controlled the mask's mouth and eyebrows off-camera as Rosas performed her scenes, attempting to match the character's facial movements to Nolte's vocal tracks. The process often proved challenging, particularly when the puppeteers missed signals made by Rosas during dimly-lit scenes.


title: Kuiil

text: Kuiil's dynamic with the bounty hunter droid IG-11 reflects a parenting theme prevalent among multiple characters throughout the first season of "The Mandalorian", and Kuiil's reprogramming of the droid from hunter to protector drew nature versus nurture discussions among reviewers. Kuiil has been received positively by reviewers and fans alike. He has been described as a fan favorite, with several reviews calling him the best character on the show, and his signature line "I have spoken" became one of the better-known and best-liked lines of dialogue from the series.


title: Kuiil

text: Kuiil is an alien of the Ugnaught species. According to his backstory established in exposition dialogue on "The Mandalorian", Kuiil was sold into indentured servitude to the Galactic Empire and spent many years working for them against his will prior to the events of the television series. At one point in the show, Kuiil says he worked in the gene farms of a cloning facility during his time with the Empire. He eventually worked hard enough to pay off his debt and earn his freedom, and then sought a reclusive home on a quiet world where he would no longer have to work for anyone else again. Kuiil appeared in three episodes in the first season of "The Mandalorian", making his first appearance in the series debut episode "", where he is shown living on a moisture farm on the planet Arvala-7, working as a vapor farmer.


title: Kuiil

text: In that episode, Kuiil encounters the show's title character, a bounty hunter known as the Mandalorian, who is seeking to collect a bounty on an unnamed person being held on the planet. Kuiil assists the Mandalorian when he is attacked by creatures known as blurrgs. He welcomes the Mandalorian into his home, where Kuiil informs him that several other bounty hunters and mercenaries have passed through Arvala-7 in search of the Mandalorian's target. Kuiil offers to help the bounty hunter travel to the compound where the asset is being kept, with the hope that once the bounty has been collected, peace will once again be restored to Arvala-7. Kuiil teaches the Mandalorian how to ride one of the captured blurrgs so he can travel to the compound.


title: Kuiil

text: Kuiil appears in the next episode, ", when the Mandalorian returns to him with the target he had been seeking: a young alien creature referred to as "The Child". Kuiil helps the Mandalorian avert a crisis with a group of alien scavengers called Jawas. After the Jawas steal necessary parts from the Mandalorian's ship, the "Razor Crest", Kuiil helps arranges a trade meeting between them, which Kuiil assures the Mandalorian is the best way to regain the necessary parts to repair his ship. Kuiil helps foster a deal in which the Jawas will return the parts if the Mandalorian collects for them an egg from a dangerous nearby creature called a mudhorn, which the Mandalorian does. After collecting the parts, Kuiil spends several days helping the Mandalorian repair the "Razor Crest". Afterward, the Mandalorian offers to share some of the reward he will receive for collecting the bounty on the Child, but Kuiil refuses. The Mandalorian also offers for Kuiil to accompany him off-planet and work for him, but Kuiil declines this request as well, preferring his peaceful life on Arvala-7, and wishing to never work for anyone else ever again due to his past with the Empire.


title: Kuiil

text: Kuiil reappears in the show's penultimate episode, ", in which the Mandalorian returns to Arvala-7 with his ally Cara Dune. They seek Kuiil's help in protecting the Child during a mission on the planet Nevarro to eliminate an Imperial presence there. It is revealed that after the Mandalorian left Arvala-7, Kuiil found and rebuilt the bounty hunter droid IG-11, whom the Mandalorian had destroyed while rescuing the Child. After a lengthy process of retraining IG-11 to walk and operate again, Kuiil reprogrammed him to be a nurse droid and protector, rather than a hunter. Kuiil assigns IG-11 to protect the Child, and agrees to accompany the Mandalorian to help protect the Child from imperial slavery, under the condition that he bring along IG-11 and his blurrgs. On their way to the planet, Kuiil witnesses the Child use the Force to choke Cara after mistaking her for a threat. While the others in the party do not understand his power, Kuiil advises them about rumors he has heard about the Force. During their journey on Nevarro, Cara and the Mandalorian's party are attacked by a group of giant winged creatures, which they repel after losing several of the blurrgs. Later, experiencing a change of heart after the Child saves his life, the bounty hunter Greef Karga reveals the mission is an ambush, after which the Mandalorian is to be killed and the Child given over to the Imperials. Cara, the Mandalorian, and Greef instead devise a new plan: they will leave the Child behind, bring the Mandalorian to the Imperials as if he is a prisoner, and then eliminate them.


title: Kuiil

text: At the Mandalorian's request, Kuiil agrees to take the Child back to the "Razor Crest" on his blurrg while the Mandalorian, Cara, and Greef attempt to eliminate the Imperials. When Imperial leader Moff Gideon later traps the Mandalorian and his party, the bounty hunter contacts Kuiil and urges him hurry back to the ship and lock it down for the Child's protection, but two Imperial Scout Troopers on speeder bikes intercept the message and rush to stop Kuiil. Kuiil rides his blurrg as fast as possible and nearly reaches the "Razor Crest", but he is shot and killed by the troopers, who then take the Child. In the season finale "", Kuiil is not seen, but the Mandalorian returns to bury him, creating a makeshift tombstone with Kuiil's helmet resting atop a bed of rocks.


title: Kuiil

text: Kuiil values the peace and tranquility he has established on Arvala-7, as shown by his willingness to assist the Mandalorian and other bounty hunters travel in finding the bounty they seek. He believes doing so will help maintain the peace, and that getting the asset off the planet will restore tranquility to Arvala-7. Kuiil's history of servitude to the Empire means he strongly values his freedom and independence, and he has no desire to work for anyone again other than himself, as demonstrated by his rejection of the Mandalorian's offer of employment. Kuill has worked hard to get away from his past and forge a new life for himself. Corey Plante of "Inverse" wrote: "There’s something admirable about Kuiil's values here. He's a humble, salt-of-the-earth character who doesn’t bother contemplating any sense of morality; he knows what he wants out of life, and every choice he makes furthers that end." However, although Kuiil tries to avoid conflict at all costs, he does not hesitate to help those in need. He has a strong sense of honor, and believes in doing the right thing, as illustrated by his willingness to risk his safety and hard-won freedom to help the Child. The value he places on freedom due to his past experience factors into his determination to protect the Child from the Empire.


title: Kuiil

text: Kuiil speaks directly and without hesitation, using few words and often cutting off any further argument or response by stating: "I have spoken." Actress Misty Rosas, who delivered the performance of Kuiil, said she does not believe the line is meant to be arrogant or disrespectful, but rather speaks to Kuiil's philosophy on life: "He just simplifies everything in life, and is just like: 'I have spoken. You know, we're done talking about this. Don't complicate it, don't overthink it.'" Nevertheless, Kuiil's terse manner of speaking has resulted in reviewers describing him as both friendly, and grumpy, though he is ultimately kind-hearted beneath his sometimes rough exterior. as demonstrated by the compassion he shows for both IG-11 and the Child. Plante wrote: "He comes across as deeply rational and admirable, even if many people might mistake him for a bit of a jerk."


title: Kuiil

text: Kuiil is extremely hard-working, with a high level of mechanical skills, and craftsmanship. He is very resourceful, and highly proficient with technology, as demonstrated by his ability to repair IG-11 and the "Razor Crest". Kuiil is very intelligent, offering wisdom and guidance to visitors on Arvala-7. He has lived a long time, and has seen and experienced many terrible things as a result of his past as an indentured servant, instilling a hardened world-weariness in him. Cautious, stoic, and patient, Kuiil presents a calm and composed temperament even in the face of the Mandalorian's occasional impatience. Kuiil is also a teacher, as he shows when he teaches the Mandalorian how to ride a blurrg, and teaches IG-11 how to walk and operate again following his reprogramming. This shows Kuiil's penchant for patience and affirmation, which Megan Crouse of "Den of Geek" writes is "the core of his character and part of what makes him so delightful". His patience is further demonstrated by his willingness to spend multiple days helping the Mandalorian repair his ship. Although the Mandalorian has trouble trusting anybody throughout the series, Kuiil earns his trust.


title: Kuiil

text: Like all Ugnaughts, Kuiil has pink skin, white hair, upturned noses, and thick layers of jowls. He has a low, guttural voice that at times sounds like a raspy growl.


title: Kuiil

text: Kuiil was created as an original character for "The Mandalorian", a live-action "Star Wars" television series that debuted on the Disney+ streaming service on November 12, 2019. Concept art was prepared for the character during pre-production, including an image by Christian Alzmann of Kuiil and the Mandalorian riding bluurgs alongside each other, and another by Jama Jurabaev of Kuiil and the Mandalorian at his moisture farm. Ugnaughts had first appeared in "The Empire Strikes Back" (1980) as workers on Cloud City, and reappeared in the sequel film "Return of the Jedi" (1983). They have also been featured on the television shows "", "Star Wars Rebels", and "Star Wars Resistance", as well as various "Star Wars" novels. The character of Kuiil was first publicly announced on October 28 with the release of a character poster of "The Mandalorian" solely featuring the character. The first footage of Kuiil was shown in a trailer for "The Mandalorian" released on November 6, 2019, less than a week before the show debuted. The trailer included a brief clip of Kuiil, as well as a small amount of dialogue from the forthcoming show, in which he said he has never met a Mandalorian before, but has heard stories about them.


title: Kuiil

text: The voice of Kuiil was performed by veteran actor Nick Nolte. Nolte was seriously considered for the role of Han Solo in the original "Star Wars" (1977) film, losing out to Harrison Ford. In a 2011 interview, eight years before the release of "The Mandalorian", Nolte said he would have been "kind of a goofy "Star Wars" guy" if he had been cast. Nolte completed his vocal performances for all of Kuiil's dialogue in "The Mandalorian" in a single afternoon session over the course of multiple hours. Although the news had leaked on the internet earlier, Nolte's casting was officially announced on November 30, 2018, though the character he would be portraying was not initially revealed. He was the third cast member publicly confirmed for the series, after Pedro Pascal and Gina Carano.


title: Kuiil

text: Actress and stuntwoman Misty Rosas provided the physical performance for Kuiil, calling it "the most amazing job of my life". Rosas had a cold reading audition for the part in the summer of 2018, though she arranged via her agent to come in early and briefly review the script and familiarize herself with the material. Rosas, who was born with 65% hearing loss in her right ear, was having problems with her hearing at the time and had an appointment with an ear doctor just hours before the audition. She was nervous that these problems would negatively impact her audition and that she would be forced to read lips, which she fears would "[take her] out of the scene".


title: Kuiil

text: Among the dialogue Rosas recited during her audition was Kuiil's signature line, "I have spoken", and she believed the producers studied her delivery of this line to gauge her understanding of the character. Rosas felt an immediate connection with the character based on her own life experiences, saying: "I know what it is to fight for your freedom." Rosas also said she related to character's wise and thoughtful personality due to her regular practice of yoga.


title: Kuiil

text: Kuiil's face was brought to life through the use of animatronics and puppetry, with a head mask that was created by Legacy Effects, a shop of prosthetic makeup experts started by Stan Winston. The face itself was a foam latex mask that Rosas also wore for the part. The mouth and eyebrows were controlled by three puppeteers off-camera as Misty Rosas delivered her performances. The electronics from the face mask's animatronics were concealed inside a backpack Kuiil wears throughout the show, and concealed wires ran along the back of Rosas' neck from the backpack into the mask. The wires were spread apart to give Rosas the greatest possible freedom of motion. Batteries for the mask were concealed inside the pockets of Kuiil's costume. As a result of all the machinery, the mask was physically heavy and placed a great deal of pressure on Rosas' shoulder, neck, back, and core stability. However, Rosas said the weight of the costume ultimately aided her performance, since it helped her portray Kuiil's advanced age and slow walking speed.


title: Kuiil

text: Kuiil's eyes are not part of the mask, and instead, Rosas' actual eyes with contacts are visible. Unlike some costumes Rosas has worn in past performances, she was able to see clearly while filming, but it was occasionally difficult to breathe because her mouth was far back within the mask. She occasionally needed to ask crew members to open the mouth of the mask for her between takes so she could breathe more freely. Some reviewers have noted that Kuiil's mask appears to have been designed to resemble Nick Nolte's face.


title: Kuiil

text: Before scenes involving Kuiil were filmed, the cast and crew of "The Mandalorian" held private rehearsals with actress Misty Rosas in which she did not wear the costume. Jon Favreau, creator and showrunner of the series, attended these rehearsals, in which they would attempt to determine the rhythm and timing of each scene. Rosas called the rehearsals "the most nerve-wracking for me". Nick Nolte recorded dialogue for Kuiil before the character's live-action scenes were filmed, providing multiple takes with different performances and vocal inclinations for the crew to choose from. Rosas felt Nolte's voice work for Kuiil was "beautiful". The recordings would not be available until the mornings of filming, so Rosas prepared a great deal in advance for her scenes, studying the dialogue carefully, so that shooting would go as smoothly as possible.


title: Kuiil

text: Once the dialogue was ready, Rosas and other members of the crew, including the episode's director, would listen to the various recordings, arrange the chosen recordings, and prepare to shoot the scenes. It was complicated and often difficult for the puppeteers to match Kuiil's facial movements to Nolte's vocal tracks during filming; Misty said of the process: "We were so proud and we wanted it so bad, so we really, really focused and worked really hard." Scenes with large amount of dialogue from Kuiil were particularly difficult. Rosas and the puppeteers prepared extensively to ensure their efforts were coordinated, and during filming she would provide them a non-verbal signal to indicate when she was about to act out a line of dialogue so they could operate the mask. Occasionally the puppeteers would miss her signals, particularly during scenes that were dimly lit, and multiple takes were necessary as a result.


title: Kuiil

text: Kuiil often holds the Child during his scenes in "Chapter 7: The Reckoning", which is a puppet prop filled with animatronics. This made the Child relatively heavy, which occasionally proved challenging for Rosas, who also had to manage the weight of the animatronics in her own costume. One full day of filming the episode focused upon Kuiil riding the blurrg, a process Rosas described as "intense" due to the amount of time she spent on the fake creature and the speeds at which it was made to appear to run. The process was made further challenging because she was carrying the heavy animatronic Child prop throughout the scenes, and she occasionally needed breaks between takes. Rosas said: "My legs are not exactly long, so I was squeezing for dear life and holding the baby." However, Rosas was able to place the weight of her animatronics-filled backpack on the saddle of the blurrg while filming the scenes, which helped relieve pressure on her shoulders, neck, and back.


title: Kuiil

text: While the closing credits music for "The Mandalorian" is usually fairly upbeat, a slower and sadder composition was used for "Chapter 7: The Reckoning" because the credits immediately followed Kuiil's death in the final scene.


title: Kuiil

text: The dynamic between Kuiil and IG-11 reflect a childrearing theme that is prevalent among multiple characters throughout the first season of "The Mandalorian". The two have a relationship similar to that of a father and son, as demonstrated in the scene in which Kuiil teaches IG-11 how to operate and function after the droid is reprogrammed. This dynamic is similar to the one shared by the Mandalorian and the child throughout the season. The Kuiil and IG-11 scenes also demonstrate that the way in which the "child" character is raised makes a significant difference in whether the child becomes an asset or a threat to those around him. The droid was a dangerous assassin before Kuiil reprogrammed him, but thanks to the Ugnaught's parenting, he becomes a protector and helper instead. This, too, is similar to the relationship between the Mandalorian and the Child. For example, the scene in which the Child uses the Force to choke Cara Dune shows that the Child has the potential for evil if he is not properly guided by his "parent".


title: Kuiil

text: Kuiil's reprogramming of IG-11 raises nature versus nurture themes in "The Mandalorian". Even after IG-11 is reprogrammed, the Mandalorian does not believe he has truly changed, because he believes droids have an essential nature and that IG-11's nature remains murderous and untrustworthy. But in reprogramming IG-11, Kuiil nurtures him and helps him to change; Kuiil feels that in the process of learning how to function again, IG-11 gained a new personality. Kuiil insists to the Mandalorian: "Droids are not good or bad — they are neutral reflections of those who program them." Keith Phipps of "Vulture" wrote of IG-11 and the nature versus nurture theme: "He's not bad. He's just programmed that way, and with care and change he can do a lot of good in the world."


title: Kuiil

text: Additionally, Leo Holman of "Comic Book Resources" said the character of Kuiil raises questions about the Galactic Empire that have never before been considered in "Star Wars". The fact that Kuiil had been an indentured servant for the Empire invites the question of whether this is a prevalent type of Imperial practice: "It makes you wonder, how many of the characters we see in the background working for the Empire in various other "Star Wars" movies and media, are there against their will working towards freedom?" Additionally, the fact that Kuiil ultimately pays off his debt and buys his freedom raises the further question about whether species enslaved by the Empire can eventually earn their freedom through hard work, a concept that had never been featured in any other "Star Wars" media before "The Mandalorian".


title: Kuiil

text: Kuiil has been received positively by reviewers and fans alike. He has been described as a fan favorite, and several reviews have called him the best character on the show. His line "I have spoken" became one of the better-known and best-liked lines of dialogue from the series, and has been the subject of internet memes used by fans. "Screen Rant" Writer Kiki Evans called it one of the "most iconic phrases" from the series. Leo Holman of "Comic Book Resources" declared Kuiil "The Mandalorian"s best character, writing: "At first glance, [Kuiil] seemed like a throwaway character, but with every line of dialogue the character spoke, he became more and more interesting and helped shine a light on parts of the "Star Wars" universe that have never been explored." Charlie Ridgely of "Comicbook.com" described Kuiil as "one of the most memorable additions to the "Star Wars" canon in recent years". "Space.com" writer Scott Snowden called Kuiil one of the best characters on the show, describing him as quirky, interesting, and "beautifully portrayed", and particularly praising the level of detail and animatronic control in his facial expressions. Corey Plante of "Inverse" called Kuiil "the best and most under-appreciated character" on the show, and said that he felt the choice to make a member of a little-known "Star Wars" species such an important element of the show made the franchise feel larger and richer. He wrote: ""Star Wars" is better because Kuiil exists."


title: Kuiil

text: Mustafa Gatollari of "Distractify" called Kuiil one of the best parts of "The Mandalorian", and praised the show for implementing the Ugnaught species, a previously minor element of "Star Wars", in such an effective way. Q.V. Hough of "Screen Rant" described Kuiil's character arc as "heroic" and said the character is "bound to be remembered by fans as one of the season's best characters". "Den of Geek" writer Megan Crouse said that she felt the character was a wise old mentor trope, but that this worked well, in part due to Kuiil's likeable personality and the strong performances of Nolte and Rosas. Crouse wrote: "He's the Obi-Wan Kenobi, and, right now, that's okay." Noah Howell of "Niner Times" called Kuiil his favorite character on the show, saying his humble and unassuming nature "instantly made me fall in love with him". He compared the dynamic of Kuill and the Mandalorian to that of Luke Skywalker and Yoda in the original "Star Wars" trilogy. Ana Dumaraog felt Kuiil's death was unfortunate, but well-handled by the show. "Forbes" writer Erik Kain liked that Kuiil was not abandoned after his initial episodes and instead returned to play a major part in the final episodes of the season. Mike Hale of "The New York Times" said Nick Nolte provided a "nicely acerbic voice" for the character.


title: Kuiil

text: "Screen Rant" ranked Kuiil seventh on its list of the best characters from the first season of "The Mandalorian", and fifth on a separate list of the most interesting characters from the season. When Kuiil was killed in "Chapter 7: The Reckoning", the episode ended on a shot of his unconscious body. Fans on the internet expressed hope that it would be revealed in the next episode that he had survived, or that IG-11 or another character would revive him, before his death was confirmed on-screen. Some fans have speculated that the Mandalorian may eventually give the Child the name Kuiil in memory of the Ugnaught.


title: Kuiil

text: A Funko Pop figurine of Kuiil was announced on December 31, 2019. In 2021, Hasbro and Hot Toys released a figurine depicting Kuiil while riding a blurrg and its credit collection.


title: Hero No. 1

text: Hero No.1 is a 1997 Indian Hindi-language comedy film directed by David Dhawan. It stars Govinda and Karishma Kapoor with an ensemble supporting cast of actors.


title: Hero No. 1

text: The film borrows the theme of "Bawarchi," which was itself a remake of Bengali film Galpo Holeo Satti. It was remade in Telugu as "Goppinti Alludu". Upon its release, the film was successful, grossing at the box office against a production budget of and was the seventh highest grossing film of the year. The film promised to be the family one providing wholesome entertainment from 90s.


title: Hero No. 1

text: Rajesh, the son of rich businessman Dhanraj Malhotra, escapes from his home and reaches Europe. Meena, the granddaughter of Dinanath Tripathi, also travels to Europe as she has secured a scholarship to study there.


title: Hero No. 1

text: The two meet and fall in love. Dhanraj reaches Europe in search of Rajesh and discovers he loves Meena. They return to India for the two to get married. However, destiny has something else in store for them.


title: Hero No. 1

text: When Dinanath finds out about Rajesh being Dhanraj's son, he breaks the alliance in rage. As later Dinanath's servant Babu escapes, they're now in search of new servant. Rajesh disguises as servant Raju and begins to work at the Tripathis. He solves the problems of family members also including Dinanath's 3 sons, daughter Shanno and other granddaughter Dimple, winning hearts of everyone.


title: Hero No. 1

text: Dinanath finds some valuables missing from the home. Police arrive and find Dhanraj, disguised as a Chowkidar. Raju and Dhanraj are insulted by the family members. Meena reveals Raju's identity and the sacrifices he made for her. Dinanath realises their true love for each other. The film ends happily with Rajesh and Meena's marriage.


title: Hero No. 1

text: Anand–Milind came up with a chart-topping score yet again for a Govinda-David Dhawan film. The music, especially the song, "Sona Kitna Sona Hain", emerged a winner on countdown shows and is remembered till date. The other songs also gained mass popularity like "Saaton Janam", "Maine Paidal", "Main Tujko Bahga Laya", "Mohobbat Ki Nahi" and "U. P. Wala". The songs were extremely popular among the masses and are often heard even now. Poornima earned herself a Zee Cine Awards nomination for "Sona Kitna Sona Hain", but she lost to Lata Mangeshkar for "Dil To Pagal Hai".


title: IR35

text: IR35 refers to the United Kingdom's anti-avoidance tax legislation, the intermediaries legislation contained in Chapter 8 of Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003. The legislation is designed to tax 'disguised' employment at a rate similar to employment. In this context, "disguised employees" means workers who receive payments from a client via an intermediary, i.e. their own limited company, and whose relationship with their client is such that had they been paid directly they would be employees of the client.


title: IR35

text: Under Chapter 8, the worker of the limited company is responsible for assessing their IR35 status under the rules and paying the appropriate National Insurance and Income Tax to HMRC.


title: IR35

text: New legislation was introduced on 6 April 2017 (Chapter 10 Income Tax (Earnings & Pensions) Act 2003) to make public sector organisations responsible for assessing whether an individual providing services for their organisation on a contract basis fell under IR35 rules, and for paying the National Insurance and Income tax to HMRC where relevant.


title: IR35

text: These rules (referred to as the off-payroll working rules) were extended to apply to private sector businesses that were classed as medium or large per the Companies Act 2006 as of 6 April 2021. This led to some lorry drivers deciding to retire, and thus contributed to the shortfall of lorry drivers in the UK.


title: IR35

text: In the September 2022 United Kingdom mini-budget it was announced that the 2017 and 2021 reforms to IR35 would be repealed, at a cost of £6.19 billion over 5 years. On 17 October 2022 however, the newly appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer, Jeremy Hunt, announced that the repeal would not go ahead and Chapter 10 would remain in place.


title: IR35

text: In 1999, as part of that year's Budget, the UK's Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, announced that measures would be introduced to counter tax avoidance by the use of so-called "personal service companies". Properly known as the "Intermediaries Legislation", it is more commonly referred to by the consecutively numbered Inland Revenue (now HMRC) budget press release number 35 in which it was announced (i.e. the 35th Inland Revenue news release of that budget), titled "Countering Avoidance in the Provision of Personal Services". The press release was issued on 9 March 1999, the same day as the Chancellor of the Exchequer's Budget Statement.


title: IR35

text: IR35 came into force throughout the UK in April 2000. Although it was part of that year's Finance Act and was not law at the start of the Financial Year, the Act backdated its commencement to 6 April 2000. The legislation has been consolidated in the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003 and in the Statutory Instrument Social Security Contributions (Intermediaries) Regulations 2000, SI 2000/727. The Finance Act 2017 implements changes in the process for determining the amount of Income Tax and National Insurance to be deducted.


title: IR35

text: Before IR35 was introduced, workers who owned their own limited companies were allowed to receive payments from clients directly to the company and to use the company revenue as would any small company. Company profits could be distributed as dividends, which are not subject to National Insurance payments. Workers could also save tax by splitting ownership of the company with family members in order to place income in lower tax bands. (This latter practice was recommended by government publications advising on setting up family businesses, but attacked as tax fraud by other government departments, notably the Treasury. It came under a separate, ultimately unsuccessful attack in 2007, see S660A.) Professional advisors now do not recommend that family members should be allocated shares in the company unless they perform a significant role in the business (not just bookkeeping).


title: IR35

text: On 20 May 2010, the new Liberal Democrat/Conservative coalition government's "Programme for Government" announced a commitment to "review IR 35, as part of a wholesale review of all small business taxation, and seek to replace it with simpler measures that prevent tax avoidance but do not place undue administrative burdens or uncertainty on the self-employed, or restrict labour market flexibility." On 10 March 2011 the Office of Tax Simplification recommended that the Treasury should suspend IR35 or compel HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) to make changes to its implementation until wider structural reform to integrate Income Tax and NIC is introduced. After that, the Chancellor announced the Government would keep IR35 'as is' during Budget 2011, but with changes to HMRC administration and to create a new IR35 Forum. This IR35 Forum has achieved little since it was created and there appears to be little interest in the published monthly meeting minutes.


title: IR35

text: Historically, it had been advantageous for the owners of small limited companies to take all of their wages in one month, thereby only incurring NI contributions once (up to the monthly ceiling) instead of paying a regular contribution every month like most employees. This ploy had been circumvented some years prior to the introduction of IR35 by imposing NI on the "total" annual income of directors as if it were spread over the year, even if only paid by one payment. The increased usage of dividend payments instead of wages was partly a reaction to this change. An additional sense of grievance felt by those who were driven to incorporate, for whatever reason, was the large disparity between the National Insurance burden on companies and employees (>20% if the employer's contribution is included) and that imposed on the self-employed.


title: IR35

text: The stated aim of the measure was to prevent workers from setting up limited companies via which they would work effectively as employees, but saving on Income Tax and National Insurance. The so-called "Friday to Monday" scenario, that it was possible for a worker to leave a job on Friday and return on Monday to be doing the same work for the same company, but as a contractor via their own limited company paying a dividend as opposed to earnings which would incur less Income Tax and no payment of National Insurance and was cited in the press release as the anomaly being corrected. In such a scenario, HM Revenue and Customs would be allowed to "look through" the contractual arrangement between the worker's company and the client company and to formulate a "hypothetical contract" which showed that the worker was a "disguised employee". The fee paid to the worker's company would then be taxed as a salary. Normal employment status rules should be applied when considering IR35 status and the view of HM Revenue and Customs can be successfully challenged.


title: IR35

text: In reality, the majority of one-person limited companies have to operate through an agency. This means that the agency has a contractual agreement with their client to supply an individual. The agency then has a contract with the one-person limited company to supply the services.


title: IR35

text: The responsibility for determining and deducting the correct rates of Income Tax and National Insurance lies with the worker or company but under the Finance Act 2017, where a public authority engages the worker, the responsibility for making this determination and deducting the correct amounts transfers to the public authority for payments made on or after 6 April 2017.


title: IR35

text: The term "personal service company" is not defined in law, but it is used by the UK government to refer to "someone who works through their own limited company" as opposed to someone who is self-employed and pays Class 2 and Class 4 National Insurance.


title: IR35

text: The argument about workers doing the same tasks and paying the same tax is one that has often been used, but it has no basis in law. The type of work being done is irrelevant, and only the nature of the relationship between workers and hirer is examined in the courts.


title: IR35

text: The dividend tax regime was changed in April 2016, pretty much wiping out the tax advantage for contractors, who now pay roughly the same amount of tax as an employee when considering the corporation tax and dividend taxes combined. The remaining issue for Government is that hirers do not pay employers NI of 13.8% when hiring the self-employed.


title: IR35

text: IR35 has been strongly criticised by several bodies, including former Ernst & Young tax partner Anne Redston.


title: IR35

text: In May 2017, NHS Improvement backtracked on previous guidance that all NHS agency and locum workers would be included in the IR35 taxation laws. The new guidance stated that NHS organisations should assess workers on a "case by case basis". This u-turn was in response to an exchange under the pre-action protocol of Judicial Review by IHPA (then known as the Locum Doctors Union). Many NHS locums such as nurses, physiotherapists and doctors below consultant level in the NHS are automatically deemed to be employees, a practice which has attracted strong criticism from the industry as reportedly unlawful and is at odds with numerous judgments in which courts have found doctors to be self-employed. There has also been significant criticism of blanket approaches in national newspapers - both in terms of the lawfulness of the practice and asserting that it is driving workers into loan schemes. Many workers in the social services sector also supply their services through their own limited companies which would be considered disguised employment by HMRC if the circumstances were such that a court might consider the arrangement akin to employment.


title: IR35

text: It is hard to judge the effectiveness of the legislation since as of 2010 HMRC has not published any figures. On 6 January 2004 Dawn Primarolo was asked in Parliament how many investigations under the IR35 regulation have (a) been initiated, (b) resulted in additional revenue, and (c) been concluded without securing additional revenue. In a written answer she replied that it was not possible with any accuracy to isolate data relating solely to this legislation.


title: IR35

text: On 15 June 2009 in the House of Commons Labour MP Terry Rooney (Bradford North) asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer "how many investigations concerning IR35 were launched in each of the last five years; and how many of them resulted in (a) prosecution, (b) an increase in tax due and (c) no further action". Kitty Ussher speaking for the Chancellor replied, "The intermediaries legislation, commonly known as 'IR35', was introduced with effect from 6 April 2000 to counter the avoidance of employed levels of tax and national insurance by individuals providing their services through intermediaries. Disclosure of HM Revenue and Customs compliance data relating to the legislation would result in a risk of non-compliance with the legislation. Accordingly, I am not able to provide the data requested." The July 2009 issue of "IT Now", the British Computer Society magazine, reported that between April 2002 and March 2008 the Government had raised £9.2 million under IR35 legislation compared to the £220 million that was initially expected.


title: IR35

text: The initial regulatory impact assessment for IR35 in 1999 stated that HMRC expected the measure to generate £220 million per year in National Insurance contributions and a further £80 million in income tax.


title: IR35

text: On 6 Jan 2004 Dawn Primarolo was asked by the Shadow Paymaster General Mark Prisk MP about additional revenue secured from investigations under IR35. She replied that "Establishing whether or not the intermediaries legislation applies is undertaken as part of the Inland Revenue's Employer Compliance Review programme. As such it is not possible with any accuracy to isolate data relating solely to this legislation." She gave a similar answer when asked about administration and employment costs.


title: IR35

text: In May 2009 the Professional Contractors Group received a reply to a request under the Freedom of Information Act to HMRC, asking just how much tax revenue IR35 had in fact raised for the exchequer. The FOI reply revealed that in the tax years 2002/03 to 2007/08, IR35 directly raised just £9.2 million. This equates to an average of around only £1.5 million per tax year, less than 1% of the expected amount. It is not clear whether this includes the NI contribution, or is just income tax.


title: IR35

text: In September 2011 a Freedom of Information Act request revealed that the number of cases reviewed had fallen from 158 (year ending April 2007) to 12 in the year ending April 2010 and 23 in the year ending April 2011. The same document also gives the "tax yield received for the requested years" as having fallen from £1,906,619 to £219,180. No details are given for the costs of the investigations or the costs of collecting the tax. It is not clear whether this figure relates to the revenue raised from investigations or the total revenue from IR35. No figures were given for the cost of administrating the tax, or the cost of the investigations.


title: IR35

text: Until April 2017, it was the responsibility of a contractor's limited company (PSC) to deal with the process of determining the IR35 status (separately, for any and all labour-only contracts that the PSC had entered into). Any associated Tax and NI liability fell on the PSC. However, in the Chancellor's Autumn Statement in 2016, the government intimated that it would reform what it calls the "Intermediary Legislation".


title: IR35

text: On 6 April 2017, a reform of the IR35 was introduced by HMRC in the public sector. It became the responsibility of the public authorities employing contractors to determine the contractor's employment status for tax purposes. The reform was introduced by HMRC to "ensure that individuals who work through their own company pay broadly equivalent taxes as employees, where they would be employed if they were taken on directly". An online tool (known as "CEST": "Check Employment Status for Tax") was made available by HMRC to enable workers or employers to determine employment status for tax purposes. A revised version of the tool was issued in November 2019 following a stakeholder consultation exercise.


title: IR35

text: CEST has received some criticism in that the contractual concept of "mutuality of obligation" does not figure within the CEST assessment. HMRC defended the exclusion of mutuality of obligation (or MOO) as a factor in its IR35 Forum meeting with industry representatives on 11 December 2017, arguing that it could be assumed that anyone using CEST was already aware of a contractual obligation being in place.


title: IR35

text: HMRC estimated it raised an additional £550m in income tax and National Insurance Contributions in the first year following the introduction of the reform.


title: IR35

text: HMRC estimated the cost of non-compliance with the IR35 legislation in the private sector to be £1.2bn annually by 2022/23. It announced the extension of the IR35 reform to medium and large companies in the private sector and charities, applicable from 6 April 2020. The end client was given responsibility for assessing whether the person was an employee. This was irrespective of whether there were one or more intermediaries between the worker and the end client. The end client was also made responsible for paying lost National Insurance if they made an incorrect assessment.


title: IR35

text: On 17 March 2020, it was announced that the reform to the private sector would be postponed to 6 April 2021 due to the COVID-19 outbreak. The reforms became effective on 6 April 2021.


title: IR35

text: National Insurance Regulations state that only 'The Minister' can make determinations of status, of the sort that are required to establish IR35 liability. Therefore a PSC is entitled to ask for a Section 8(1) decision, where it is unable to agree on IR35 liability with HMRC. The obstacle to this remains that HMRC has created no process whereby a Section8(1) decision can be requested. The legislation can be found at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2000/727?timeline=false.


title: IR35

text: Anyone who uses HMRC's "CEST" tool, and finds that the status of their contract cannot be determined could seek a Section 8(1) determination, and request acknowledgment that they have made such a request. This would protect them from any later suggestion that they have not taken due care in establishing IR35 status.


title: Glee (season 4)

text: The fourth season of the Fox musical comedy-drama television series "Glee" was commissioned on April 9, 2012. It premiered on September 13, 2012, and is produced by 20th Century Fox Television, Ryan Murphy Television and Brad Falchuk Teley-Vision with executive producers Dante Di Loreto and series co-creators Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan.


title: Glee (season 4)

text: The series features the New Directions glee club at the fictional William McKinley High School in the town of Lima, Ohio. The fourth season continues in Lima with a new generation of students but will also follow some of the McKinley graduates from the third season, notably to the fictional New York Academy of the Dramatic Arts (NYADA) in New York City. The season follows the club competing on the show choir circuit, while its members, faculty and alumni deal with sex, bulimia, gender identity, child molestation, dyslexia, school violence, pregnancy scares and other social issues. As of the season premiere, fourteen main cast members retained that status from the third season: glee club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), glee club members Artie Abrams (Kevin McHale), Blaine Anderson (Darren Criss), Tina Cohen-Chang (Jenna Ushkowitz), and Brittany Pierce (Heather Morris), and graduates Rachel Berry (Lea Michele), Mike Chang (Harry Shum Jr.), Finn Hudson (Cory Monteith), Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer), Mercedes Jones (Amber Riley), Santana Lopez (Naya Rivera) and Noah "Puck" Puckerman (Mark Salling). Previously recurring character Sam Evans (Chord Overstreet), a glee club member, was promoted to the main cast in the fourth season.


title: Glee (season 4)

text: Dianna Agron, who played Quinn Fabray, appeared less frequently in the season than in previous ones, as did some of the other graduates, including Mercedes Jones (Amber Riley), Mike Chang (Harry Shum Jr.), and Noah Puckerman (Mark Salling), despite still being credited as main cast members for this season. Agron and Jayma Mays, who continued to appear as guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury, were credited as guest stars this season rather than as series regulars.


title: Glee (season 4)

text: This season marked the final appearance of Cory Monteith on the show before his death on July 13, 2013. The season was nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards including one for Lynch's performance as Sue Sylvester and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series.


title: Glee (season 4)

text: The fourth season continued with McKinley High in Lima, Ohio as the primary setting, while also following several of the just-graduated characters to New York City and the fictional performing arts school (NYADA). The Ohio portion of the show featured a number of new characters.


title: Glee (season 4)

text: Co-creator Ryan Murphy had confirmed that all regular cast members from the third season will be returning to the show for its fourth season, though "it doesn't mean everyone will be doing 22 episodes".


title: Glee (season 4)

text: Fox announced on May 14, 2012, that "Glee" would be moving to Thursday nights at 9 pm ET for the fourth season. Episodes aired after that evening's 8 pm ET music competition "results" shows—"The X Factor" in the fall and "American Idol" in midseason. The season premiered on September 13, 2012 with the second episode of the season serving as the show's second Britney Spears tribute, featuring eight of her songs.


title: Glee (season 4)

text: Some changes were made to the show's writing staff. Marti Noxon announced that she would no longer be a writer or consulting producer on the show, and co-executive producer and writer Ali Adler stated that she would be scaling back her work on "Glee" to focus on her new NBC comedy "The New Normal", which she co-created with Murphy.


title: Glee (season 4)

text: On July 14, 2012, Glee attended the San Diego Comic-Con in California. Co-creator Brad Falchuk revealed that Damian McGinty (Rory) would not be returning in the fall but stated he could return in the spring. Falchuk announced that Vanessa Lengies (Sugar) and Samuel Larsen (Joe) would be returning. Falchuk also had aspirations to bring back Alex Newell (Wade) at some point during Season 4. Other season details include the following: Sue had her baby when Season 4 commenced; episodes alternated between Ohio and New York, much like McKinley High and Dalton Academy in Season 2; and Kurt (Chris Colfer) remained in Ohio before moving to New York. Brad Falchuk also revealed that Will (Matthew Morrison) and Emma (Jayma Mays) would still be engaged when the season began, and he went on to state there would be many new faces during the season, also commenting that Rachel would have a roommate and new friends in New York. Season 4 featured a teaming up of Coach Roz (NeNe Leakes) and Sue (Jane Lynch) to take down Principal Figgins (Iqbal Theba).


title: Glee (season 4)

text: On July 31, 2012, executive producer Murphy revealed on his Twitter account that the first group number of the season would be a cover of Adele's "Chasing Pavements". Murphy also tweeted that there would be an episode titled "The Break-Up" and a two-part Thanksgiving episode in which the Sectionals competition will take place. Murphy also stated that the show would be doing another Christmas episode this season.


title: Glee (season 4)

text: Executive producer Falchuk stated that Season 4 will not revolve around relationships as much as past seasons, commenting, "Relationships in general will be less of a focus this year, I personally think a lot of these characters are more interesting not in relationships. And I think with a lot of them we will be exploring that. Whether they break up or not, we’re really focused on giving them more individual stories."


title: Glee (season 4)

text: Season four of Glee began filming on Tuesday, July 24, 2012. A substantial amount of exterior shots depicting New York City were shot on location in that city. Studio recording for the season began earlier, by July 19, 2012, with Jenna Ushkowitz and Heather Morris recording on that day.


title: Glee (season 4)

text: Fox credits fourteen main cast members for the season: Matthew Morrison as Glee Club director Will Schuester; Jane Lynch as cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester; Chris Colfer, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Naya Rivera, Mark Salling and Harry Shum Jr. as McKinley graduates and former glee club members Kurt Hummel, Rachel Berry, Finn Hudson, Mercedes Jones, Santana Lopez, Noah "Puck" Puckerman and Mike Chang respectively; and Darren Criss, Kevin McHale, Heather Morris, Chord Overstreet and Jenna Ushkowitz as current glee club members Blaine Anderson, Artie Abrams, Brittany Pierce, Sam Evans, and Tina Cohen-Chang respectively. Overstreet received a contractual upgrade, having formerly been a recurring cast member. Two previous main cast member who are no longer series regulars are Jayma Mays as guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury, and Dianna Agron as Quinn Fabray, though both are listed among the guest cast for this season.


title: Glee (season 4)

text: Two actresses appeared in multi-episode guest-starring arcs as part of the New York sequences: Sarah Jessica Parker as Isabelle Wright (first reported as Isabelle Klempt), and Kate Hudson as Cassandra July. Parker's character is a mentor to Kurt, and Hudson's character is Rachel's dance teacher at NYADA; Hudson was originally reported to be appearing in six episodes during the fall.


title: Glee (season 4)

text: Several new recurring characters were added for the new season. Dean Geyer as Brody Weston, a handsome junior at Rachel's new school, Jacob Artist as McKinley sophomore Jake Puckerman, Puck's (Mark Salling) younger half brother, Becca Tobin as Kitty, a cheerleader, and Melissa Benoist as Marley Rose. Marley's mother Millie was played by Trisha Rae Stahl.


title: Glee (season 4)

text: "The Glee Project" winner Blake Jenner was awarded a recurring role, initially set for at least seven episodes, starting with the fifth episode; he plays Ryder Lynn, a new McKinley student, who joins New Directions with Finn's aid. Jenner has commented that he would enjoy playing a character like Finn. "Glee Project" runner-up Ali Stroker had a guest role on "I Do" as Betty, Emma's niece and Artie's love interest.


title: Glee (season 4)

text: Actress Whoopi Goldberg reprised her Season 3 role, Carmen Tibideaux, Dean of Vocal Performance and Song Interpretation at NYADA. She recurred throughout the season. Other recurring guests who returned include Vanessa Lengies as Sugar Motta, Samuel Larsen as Joe Hart and Alex Newell as Wade "Unique" Adams. Lauren Potter as cheerleader Becky Jackson also returned, and filmed scenes on August 22, 2012. Damian McGinty (Rory Flanagan) was not a part of the regular cast, but he made a special appearance in "Glee, Actually" as Artie's guardian angel in a dream sequence. From the cast of recurring adult characters, Dot-Marie Jones as Coach Beiste, Iqbal Theba as Principal Figgins and NeNe Leakes as Coach Roz Washington all returned. Jessalyn Gilsig, like McGinty, made a special appearance in "Glee, Actually" in Artie's dream sequence, reprising her role as Terri Schuester. Grant Gustin returned as Dalton Academy Warbler Sebastian Smythe, and the group's new leader, Hunter, was played by Nolan Gerard Funk. Ashley Fink also returned for a guest appearance in "Sadie Hawkins" reprising her role as Lauren Zizes after being absent for most of Season 3 and the first ten episodes of Season 4. American Idol season 11 runner-up Jessica Sanchez appeared near the end of the season as a student from a rival school named Frida Romero, who has been described as a "powerhouse singer".


title: Glee (season 4)

text: Idina Menzel also reprised her role as Shelby Corcoran for a guest appearance in "Sweet Dreams" for the first time since her multi-episode arc in Season 3.


title: Glee (season 4)

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the season a 65% with an average rating of 7.07/10, based on 23 reviews. The site's critics consensus reads, ""Glee" may have lost a few of its major characters, but several strong storylines help to compensate, and the songs are as strong as ever."


title: Glee (season 4)

text: On Metacritic it received a score of 73 out of 100 based on 6 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Glee (season 4)

text: As of April 19, 2013, after 19 of 22 episodes in the season, the season had averaged a 3.6/10 rating/share among adults 18-49 and 8.70 million viewers when counting live plus 7 Day (DVR) Ratings.


title: Glee (season 4)

text: "Glee: The Complete Fourth Season" was released on October 1, 2013, in DVD (with 6-set discs) and Blu-ray (with 4-set discs), and contains the special features; ""Glee" Music Jukebox", "Movin' On Up: "Glee" in NYC", "Deleted Scenes", "Jarley", "Building New York", ""Glee" on Film", "The Road to 500", "Blaine's Time Capsule" and ""Glee" Premiere Party!". After Cory Monteith's death on July 13, 2013, they decided to re-design the Season 4 DVD cover art to include an image of Finn. However, this change has altered the release date.


title: I Am Wrath

text: I Am Wrath is a 2016 American action thriller film directed by Chuck Russell and written by Yvan Gauthier and Paul Sloan. The film stars John Travolta, Christopher Meloni, Sam Trammell, Amanda Schull, Rebecca De Mornay, Melissa Bolona and Luis Da Silva. Principal photography on the film began on March 9, 2015, in Columbus, Ohio. The film was released on December 16, 2016 by Lionsgate, and received mostly negative reviews.