title: Dantian

text: Historically the first detailed description of the lower Dantian is in the "Laozi zhongjing" 老子中經 from the 3rd century CE, which refers to the elixir-of-life field where "essence" and "spirit" are stored; it is related to regeneration and sexual energy, menstruation and semen. Traditionally, a dantian is considered to be a center of qi or life force energy. The dantian are important points of reference in neidan, qigong, neigong, tao yin, Taoist sexual practices, reiki and other self-cultivation practices of exercise, breathing, and meditation, as well as in martial arts and in traditional Chinese medicine. The lower dantian is particularly important as the focal point of breathing technique as well as the centre of balance and gravity. Dantian are focal points for transmutation of the three treasures jing, qi and shen. Qi can be seen as a substance when it is stored in the form of Essence or jing, this can be refined by heating in these cauldrons into more rarefied states such as qi which is insubstantial and further still into shen which is more like the Western concept of mind although it is more often translated as "spirit".


title: Dantian

text: Taoist and Buddhist teachers often instruct their students to centre the mind in the navel or lower dantian. This is believed to aid control of thoughts and emotions. Acting from the dantian is considered to be related to higher states of awareness or samadhi.


title: Dantian

text: The Taoist concept of dantian as energy centers is similar to the Indian yoga concept of chakras as key points where prana is stored (see also nadi). The major difference, however, is that Taoist dantian are the major energetic storage mechanisms whereas the yogic chakras are not so much storage centers, but energetic vortices which act as intake and output ports. Some New Age practitioners consider the dantian and the chakras to be separate, albeit cooperative energetic mechanisms.


title: Dantian

text: Different schools of thought categorize dantian in various manners. Three main dantian are typically emphasized:


title: Dantian

text: The term dantian used by itself usually refers to the lower dantian, which is considered to be the foundation of rooted standing, breathing, and body awareness in qigong, Chinese martial arts, and other martial arts. The lower dantian has been described to be "like the root of the tree of life."


title: Dantian

text: In speaking of the lower of the three energy centers, the term dantian is often used interchangeably with the Japanese word "hara" (; Chinese: "fù") which means simply "belly." In Chinese, Korean, and Japanese traditions, it is considered the physical center of gravity of the human body and is the seat of one's internal energy (qi). A master of calligraphy, swordsmanship, tea ceremony, martial arts, among other arts, is held in the Japanese tradition to be "acting from the hara."


title: Dantian

text: The lower dantian roughly corresponds to the area of the tantric "swadhisthana" "chakra". In yoga philosophy, it is thought to be the seat of "prana" that radiates outwards to the entire body.


title: Carol Ferris

text: Caroline "Carol" Ferris is a fictional character appearing in the . She is one of many characters who has used the name Star Sapphire, and was the long-time love interest of Hal Jordan, the Silver Age Green Lantern. In her role as Star Sapphire, Ferris has been active as both a supervillain and, more recently, as a superhero. Her original design was based on Elizabeth Taylor.


title: Carol Ferris

text: Carol Ferris first appears in "Showcase" #22 and was created by John Broome and Gil Kane. Her Star Sapphire form did not appear until "Green Lantern" vol. 2 #16.


title: Carol Ferris

text: Carol Ferris is Ferris Aircraft's vice president,as well as the only child of aerospace mogul Carl Ferris and his wife Christine. She hires Hal Jordan and quickly finds herself attracted to him. He is secretly the superhero Green Lantern. However, the young couple's romance quickly becomes complicated when Carol takes over the company from her father and the Zamarons crown her the new Star Sapphire. When the Zamarons discover that she is in love with Green Lantern, a servant of their estranged friends, the Guardians of the Universe, they send her to defeat Hal in battle as Star Sapphire.


title: Carol Ferris

text: Star Sapphire and Green Lantern duel several times over the years. Each time Jordan defeats her, she reverts to normal. The two separate when Carol is engaged to Jason Belmore; later she is confined to a wheelchair. It is around this time that Carol finds out that Hal Jordan is Green Lantern.


title: Carol Ferris

text: The "" storyline revises parts of Carol and Hal's history. In this retelling, the two first meet when they are eight, as they watch Hal's father, Carl Ferris' best friend, experience mechanical problems with his plane. With a choice between crash landing in Coast City or the nearby desert, Hal's father chose to fly into the desert. Over the years, the guilt over the accident eats away at Carol's father, eventually driving him to sickness, forcing Carol to give up her dream of being a pilot and take over as CEO of Ferris Air. Unwilling to have people know of her father's illness, Carol tells them that he retired to Miami. Hal hateds Ferris for what happened to his father, but, after discovering the truth, he and Carol find solace in each other's grief. However, their relationship is stifled by Carol's refusal to date employees.


title: Carol Ferris

text: When Carol Ferris is cured of her evil Star Sapphire persona, she developes a third subconscious identity, the male "Predator". Deprived of Hal Jordan's love at the time, Carol finds everything she wants from a man in the Predator—masculinity, strength, and care. Physically separated from Carol's body, the Predator repeatedly appears as a mysterious figure, protecting Ferris Aircraft from the threats of Eclipso, the Demolition Team and Jason Bloch. He also establishes the company Intercontinental Petroleum (Con-Trol) to let her regain control of Ferris Aircraft. Finally, the Predator starts to court Carol (who does not know what the Predator really is) and battles Hal Jordan for her love. Hal defeats him and witnesses him merging with Carol into Star Sapphire.


title: Carol Ferris

text: Now fully evil, Carol takes over ruling Zamaron but her reign is short; the Zamarons, following the Crisis on Infinite Earths, abandon their queen and their homeworld to live in another dimension with their male counterparts, the Guardians of the Universe. Carol gets furious and vows revenge on Hal and the Green Lantern Corps. After several battles, Carol finds her chance to hurt her ex-lover and murder Katma Tui, whose power ring is rendered inert following the destruction of the main power battery on Oa. Hal keeps John Stewart (Katma's husband) from killing Carol, straining their friendship in the process.


title: Carol Ferris

text: In the third Green Lantern series, the nature of the Predator entity is retconned as being a parasite creature from the planet Maltus. The entity corrupted Carol and is responsible for making her murder Katma. The Green Lantern Corps purge Carol of the entity, saving her life in the process. But her time under the creature's control, along with the destruction of Coast City and the discovery that her father faked her mother's death, causes Carol to reject a distraught Hal Jordan. Instead, she opts to stay with her mother and find her own path.


title: Carol Ferris

text: However, Carol is not gone from the world of super-heroism for long. She becomes the administrator of Extreme Justice's Mount Thunder facility. Her time with the team comes with the revelation that she is pregnant, despite not having sex in a long time. She realizes that Star Sapphire was not a subconscious identity created by her, but an energy-based being who inhabited her body. The child in her womb was conceived when the Predator entity raped the first Star Sapphire. Shortly after she gives birth, Neron appears and offers to purge her of both Predator and Star Sapphire. Carol agrees, and then watches as the now separate entities are killed by Neron, who departs with their baby in his arms.


title: Carol Ferris

text: Ultimately though, the events of "Infinite Crisis" effectively wipe out the above-mentioned stories. "Blackest Night" #1 establishes that in an untold story, Carol gets free of the Star Sapphire persona sometime before Katma Tui's death. The Sapphire found a new, unnamed Star Sapphire, and it was she who committed the murder. Furthermore, much of the Predator's backstory is changed. "The Predator" is re-introduced as one of the manifestations in the emotional spectrum; the living embodiment of love. The entity is held by the Zamarons on their home world. It gets freed during Sinestro's liberation of his Yellow Lanterns during the 2009–2010 "Blackest Night" storyline.


title: Carol Ferris

text: In "Green Lantern" (vol. 3) #119, Hal (as the Spectre) decides to visit Carol. He makes himself visible and tells Carol he is going to help her, but that she will not remember his visit. He reaches into Carol and pulls out the Star Sapphire gem, which causes Star Sapphire herself to re-emerge (it appeared she was previously killed by Neron, but somehow a part of her survived in Carol). The Spectre detains Star Sapphire and puts her back into the gem. He hands the gem to Carol and lets her finish the job, which she does (essentially finally killing the Star Sapphire persona that would take control of her), and starts feeling much better.


title: Carol Ferris

text: In "" #6, Hal and Carol finally come to terms with their relationship. In Northern California at Ferris Aircraft, Carol Ferris is reminiscing over her former life when a mysterious power revitalises and reforms the abandoned, condemned fields. Hal Jordan, using his powers as the Spectre, appears. She asks Hal whether he remembers anything from when he was the Spectre. Hal says he remembers it as if he were watching it from the outside. How Spectre thinks, and who he talked to beyond this life, Hal cannot recall. Hal apologizes for everything Carol had to go through. Carol says she survived and that she is not going to sell the airbase. She says that if Hal can rebuild his life, so can she, and that she is going to do so with her husband, Gil. Carol says that she can use a good pilot. Hal says that he appreciates the offer, but he has other plans.


title: Carol Ferris

text: The Star Sapphire crystal briefly possesses Carol, before detecting that Hal Jordan had feelings for his fellow pilot, Jillian "Cowgirl" Pearlman, and leaves Carol's body. She and Hal work together to free Cowgirl from the crystal. Knowing that she still loves Hal and that it is not fair to her husband, she files for divorce.


title: Carol Ferris

text: The Star Sapphires, sensing the heartache Carol has been carrying over Hal (Hal quit because he could not be near her without wanting to be with her and Carol does not date employees), send a violet power ring to her, transforming her into one of their number. She is seen wearing her original Star Sapphire costume, reciting the Corps' oath along with various other members of the Star Sapphires.


title: Carol Ferris

text: The "Blackest Night: Tales of the Corps" miniseries reveals the exchange between Carol and the violet ring sent to her. The ring says that all those chosen to wield the violet light must accept it willingly (this appears to overcome the controlling aspect of the violet light). It also tells Carol that she has a hole in her heart, as she has continually put aside her own happiness for the benefit of others. Because she is capable of doing this, Carol could become the most powerful Star Sapphire in the universe. The Zamarons recognized this and sent Carol the ring with the intention of having her lead the Star Sapphire army into battle alongside the Green Lantern Corps. Carol refuses to accept the ring, which shows her a vision of the War of Light and indicates that Hal Jordan will not survive. It tells her that by accepting the ring, she can save him. Still having feelings for Hal, Carol accepts and is called back to Zamaron by Queen Aga'po. Carol's army awaits to defend the planet from the approaching Sinestro Corps.


title: Carol Ferris

text: In her first battle, Carol takes on Sinestro who says that he has never held ill will toward Carol and wonders why she is doing this for a man who has never truly given his heart toward her. The fight takes a turn when Carol attempts to encase him in one of the brainwashing crystals that the Zamarons use to "recruit" new followers. Sinestro lashes out after witnessing a vision of Arin Sur, his former love, blasting Carol across the battlefield. She is then subdued by Sinestro and two other Yellow Lanterns. Before he can capitalise on the advantage, the Black Lanterns invade, led by Amon Sur, shocking both Carol and Sinestro. The two are rescued from certain death by Hal and the Indigo Tribe. The group escapes Zamaron moments before Black Lantern rings reanimate the bodies of the two beings whose love fueled the Star Sapphire's central power battery, devastating the planet in the process. For some reason, the loss of the Star Sapphire's power source does not seem to affect Carol's powers. It is revealed that the Queen was powering the violet rings in the absence of the central power battery; this, however, is causing her to age.


title: Carol Ferris

text: After a failed attempt to combine the light of her power ring with the six lights coming from the other Corps-Leaders makes Nekron able to possess resurrected heroes, Ganthet forces a secret protocol in her ring, forcing Carol to seek out a deputy. Eventually, she deputizes Wonder Woman as a temporary Star Sapphire, due to her great ability to feel love, thus undoing Nekron's control of the Amazon. The Lanterns are then attacked by the Black Lantern Spectre. In an attempt to stop the Spectre, Hal releases Parallax's essence, deciding to join with him again to fight back. Carol tries to stop Hal, but he refuses to be swayed. Carol kisses Hal, telling him "I love you", before Hal allows Parallax to possess him. In the epilogue of "Blackest Night", Carol wants to talk to Hal about their relationship, but Sinestro comes along and interrupts their talk to serve his own goals. She is in Las Vegas where she takes on the Predator who has possessed a man who is infatuated with a young woman to the point of obsession. She frees him from the Predator by kissing him. After that, Carol and Hal are taken to Zamaron. The Queen gives her life to sustain the central power battery and gives her title to Carol Ferris.


title: Carol Ferris

text: During the "Brightest Day" storyline, Queen Khea opens a portal from Hawkworld to Zamaron. She and her manhawks start an invasion on Zamaron when Carol and the Predator appear. Carol battles the Hawk family Hawkman and Hawkgirl to a standstill while trying not to destroy the universe. She is saved by Hawkman and Hawkgirl. They manage to do this because of their great love for each other, a greater love than she and Hal Jordan could ever have. Carol and the other leaders of the color corps are later sucked into the Black Book, although Hal is able to escape with her ring. Guy Gardner later uses Carol's ring along with Atrocitus's Red Lantern ring to remove Parallax from the central power battery. Hal and Kyle Rayner rescue her and the rest of those stuck in there from the Black Book. After Krona is killed by Hal, she reclaims the violet ring of the Zamarons. When Hal is stripped of his ring, she returns with him to Earth.


title: Carol Ferris

text: In 2011, "The New 52" rebooted the DC universe. Carol removes the Star Sapphire ring and bails Hal Jordan out of jail after he saw a woman being attacked on a film shoot and thinks it's real. Carol offers Hal a job at Ferris Aircraft, but not as a pilot because of insurance issues. Hal asks her out to dinner and Carol thinks he is going to propose. When he does not, she walks out on him and drives away, leaving him without a ride. Later, Carol is shocked by the TV news and finds Hal was working with Sinestro. After Hal returns to Earth, he asks Carol to take him back after telling her she is the one person he thought of when he thought he was going to die. Carol accepts Hal's apology and they renew their relationship.


title: Carol Ferris

text: When Sinestro forces Hal to assist him by threatening to kill Carol, she dons the Star Sapphire ring so that she can eventually help Hal, but Hal and Sinestro are confronted by the Indigo Tribe, who take both of them and teleport away.


title: Carol Ferris

text: When Kyle Rayner comes to Ferris Aircraft looking for Hal, he and Carol witness Hal and Sinestro fighting Black Hand, prompting Carol to re-don her Star Sapphire ring to help Kyle fight off Black Hand's Black Lanterns. However, when they arrive at the scene of the fight, they discover nothing but more 'conventional' zombies and are informed that Hal and Sinestro are apparently dead. However, Carol rejects the idea that Hal is dead as the link between her heart and his which she can sense via her ring is still intact, with her ring's visions informing her that Kyle must unite the powers of all seven Corps in himself to stop this latest threat.


title: Carol Ferris

text: When the First Lantern is freed, he begins to drain off all the Lantern Corps of their emotions, minds, and memories with the intention of seeing how their life choices had changed them. In the illusions of Carol, she is battling the Atlantean warship on the carrier, but she eventually regains her Star Sapphire ring and escapes from the First Lantern's influencing powers. Carol locates Kyle and helps him after he is attacked by the First Lantern.


title: Carol Ferris

text: After getting a lock on Sinestro's location, Carol and Kyle arrive at the planet Korugar's ruins, where Sinestro attacks them both, blaming them for his home's destruction by the First Lantern. When Carol demands to know where Hal is, Sinestro states that Hal is dead, but Carol refuses to believe him and attacks. While they attack Sinestro, Green Lanterns Simon Baz and B'dg arrive and subdue Sinestro. Simon (who met Hal) tells Carol that Hal is alive, but trapped in the Dead Zone. In the final battle, Carol and the reserve Lantern Corps attack the First Lantern. When the First Lantern is finally destroyed, Carol reunites with Hal after he escapes from the Dead Zone.


title: Carol Ferris

text: Despite her past with Hal, Carol goes on to develop feelings for Kyle as she spends more time with him as he explores his White Lantern abilities, to the extent that she is one of the few people aware of his survival after he seemingly sacrifices himself to recharge the emotional spectrum. When Kyle splits the White Lantern ring into seven after realizing that the power is too great for him to control on his own, he chooses Carol as one of the six new members of the White Lantern Corps; however, she decides to keep her violet ring.


title: Carol Ferris

text: In 2016, DC Comics implemented another relaunch of its books called "DC Rebirth", which restored its continuity to a form much as it was prior to "The New 52". Carol is able to sense Hal's actions when he creates a ring out of willpower. Sometime later, Carol returns to Earth. Hal thinks about her throughout the "Hal Jordan and the Green Lantern Corps" run, and his greatest desire is revealed to be having a family with her, as previously shown in the Book of Oa. When Carol and Hal finally reunite, they kiss.


title: Carol Ferris

text: Carol is a capable pilot and administrator. As Star Sapphire, she can use her gem of power to fly and to hurl blasts of force nearly equal to the power of a Green Lantern's ring. Moreover, the Sapphire bestows upon her a certain amount of invulnerability and allows her to survive in airless space. During the most recent battle with Star Sapphire, Carol was temporarily empowered by Hal's ring, granting her strength and a certain degree of invulnerability. During this, Carol was clad in a version of her Sapphire uniform, but with Green Lantern design. These powers were provided by exposure to Hal's power ring and were temporary. Carol now wields a less powerful violet power ring as a member of the Star Sapphires, which replicates her original powers as Star Sapphire to a degree as well. Despite being helplessly overwhelmed before, Carol's previous exposures to the Star Sapphire's power are assumed to have given her a certain tolerance to the violet ring's current influence.


title: Carol Ferris

text: In the alternate universe seen in the story "Whom Gods Destroy" in which the Nazis were not defeated in World War II, Jordan and Ferris eventually becomes President and First Lady of the United States, respectively.


title: Carol Ferris

text: In the 1998 Elseworlds miniseries "", which is inspired by the Silver Age versions of DC Comics characters, Carol Ferris/Star Sapphire is both a villain and a love interest of Hal Jordan.


title: Carol Ferris

text: In the 2002 miniseries "Green Lantern: Evil's Might", set during the American women's suffrage movement, Carol is a New York City suffragette and is swept up in a conflict for worker's safety, her hand in marriage, and control of green power rings that have surfaced in town.


title: Carol Ferris

text: Carol Ferris makes an appearance in the 2005—2007 miniseries "Justice", in which she is taken hostage by the allegiance of arch supervillains because of her relationship to Green Lantern.


title: Carol Ferris

text: In the alternate timeline of the 2011 "Flashpoint" storyline, Carol Ferris, with Hal Jordan, was on an F-22 Raptor jet entering Western Europe territory before the Shark attacks. Hal forces the Shark to crash his jet into Carol's jet, and both of them barely escape using the ejection system. Upon their return to America, Carol thinks Hal is not living up to his potential. Later, Amazon invisible planes invade over Coast City and Hal and Carol manage to shoot them down and the hydra they dropped on the city. Afterward, Carol is angry at Hal for taking a mission for the U.S. government. Carol insists on joining him in the dropping of the Green Arrow Industries nuclear missile. Hal refuses; however, she goes anyway. During the battles, Carol sees Hal drop the missile through New Themyscira's invisible shield but he is killed in the process. Afterward, Carol returns to Coast City, where Thomas Kalmaku gives her a note saying that Hal was too afraid to say that he had always loved her. Carol sees the engagement ring that he was going to propose to her with.


title: Carol Ferris

text: In the distant future, the "Book of Oa" shows that Carol will eventually marry Hal and their son would be named Martin Jordan after Hal's father.


title: Carol Ferris

text: In the "Year Two" series of the prequel comic to the 2013 video game "", Carol is portrayed as being Hal Jordan's on/off girlfriend. She recognizes that Hal is concerned over the way things have gone since Superman's Regime escalated and waits for him to come back after he is called away by the Guardian Ganthet. Later on, she observes the Insurgency coming to Ferris Aircraft to steal some planes to use for the Regime/Green Lantern war, notifying Hal of their presence. Hal comes and squares off with Guy Gardner, who saves Carol's life when Sinestro and Ganthet fight. Hal, however, is ungrateful and uses his ring to knock Guy away and take Carol. This leads Ganthet to strip Hal of his ring, leaving him and Carol to plummet. Sinestro offers Hal a yellow ring for a replacement, and Hal reluctantly takes it to save Carol.


title: Carol Ferris

text: In the miniseries "Star Trek/Green Lantern: The Spectrum War", in which the universe was destroyed by Nekron, Carol is one of the few survivors after Ganthet sacrifices himself to initiate the 'Last Light' protocol, sending himself, the last ring-wielders, and the last six rings of the other six corps into the new "Star Trek" universe. While Pavel Chekov is experimenting with his new Blue Lantern ring, he encounters Carol with a wounded Saint Walker, who asks Chekov for help. Although Leonard McCoy—the chosen wielder of the Indigo ring—is able to confirm that Walker will recover, Carol reveals to Hal that Nekron has been drawn into their new universe as well. She then joins the crew in the final battle against Nekron on the reborn Vulcan, culminating in Nekron's defeat while she joins the "Enterprise" on his mission. After a year traveling with the "Enterprise", Carol has begun a relationship with Montgomery Scott, although Leonard McCoy is the first other person on the crew to learn about it.


title: Carol Ferris

text: Carol Ferris was ranked 36th in "Comics Buyer's Guide's" "100 Sexiest Women in Comics" list. Star Sapphire was ranked fourth on Comicverse's "Top 5 DC Comics Villains Turned Heroic" list.


title: Carol Ferris

text: Carol Ferris as Star Sapphire appeared in the web series "DC Super Hero Girls", voiced by Jessica DiCicco.


title: Guy Benson

text: Guy Pelham Benson (born March 7, 1985) is an American columnist, commentator, and political pundit. He is a contributor to Fox News, political editor of Townhall.com, and a conservative talk radio host. Benson served as a Fellow at the Georgetown Institute of Politics and Public Service during the spring 2021 academic semester.


title: Guy Benson

text: Born in Saudi Arabia, Benson lived much of his early life overseas, then grew up in Ridgewood, New Jersey, where he attended middle school and Ridgewood High School. During high school, he was known for broadcasting sports on local television. While working toward his bachelor's degree at Northwestern University, Benson worked for the campus radio station, WNUR, broadcasting sporting events and hosting a political talk show. He also interned for two summers at Fox News, working primarily with "Hannity & Colmes," before assisting the channel with its coverage of the 2004 Republican National Convention. Benson also reported for an NPR station in South Florida, broadcast summer baseball games in the Cape Cod Baseball League, and interned at the White House.


title: Guy Benson

text: After graduating with honors from the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University in 2007, Benson served as the producer of "The Sandy Rios Show", then a local afternoon radio show with Christian Right commentator Sandy Rios on WYLL-AM in Chicago, before Rios moved to Washington D.C. in July 2010 to host "Sandy Rios in the Morning on AFR TALK" on American Family Radio. From to 2008 to 2015, Benson also hosted his own Sunday night radio program, "The Guy Benson Show," on AM 560 WIND in Chicago and AM 1260 WWRC in Washington, D.C.


title: Guy Benson

text: In 2010, Benson became political editor at Townhall.com, where his columns had been published since February 2008.


title: Guy Benson

text: Benson also contributes to Townhall's sister site, Hot Air. He previously wrote at Andrew Breitbart's "Big" sites and National Review Online's Media Blog. In addition to serving as a regular guest and substitute host on "The Hugh Hewitt Show", Benson is a frequent guest on cable news networks, including Fox News and CNBC. In May 2015, together with coauthor Mary Katharine Ham, Benson published his first non-fiction book "End of Discussion: How the Left's Outrage Industry Shuts Down Debate, Manipulates Voters, and Makes America Less Free (and Fun)", a critique of political correctness in politics, media and culture from the point of view of two Millennial conservatives.


title: Guy Benson

text: In April 2008 Benson discovered video from a 2007 reunion of the Weathermen, a radical left-wing group from the 1960s and 70s. The footage included quotes from two members, Bill Ayers and Bernardine Dohrn, defending their actions. Since Barack Obama was criticized during the 2008 presidential campaign for associating with Ayers and Dohrn, the clips made national news, from the "Boston Globe" to Fox News. Benson garnered national attention during the 2008 presidential race on two other occasions. In August, after the Obama campaign attacked WGN radio in Chicago for allowing Stanley Kurtz to appear on their station, Benson—who was in studio during the interview—detailed his experience. Then, two weeks before Election Day, Benson joined with Mary Katharine Ham and Ed Morrissey to pen "The Comprehensive Argument Against Barack Obama," released on Hot Air.


title: Guy Benson

text: Benson's brother is actor, writer, and director James Benson. Guy Benson came out as gay in May 2015 by announcing in advance of publication that his new book, "End of Discussion", would include a footnote: "Guy here. So, I'm gay." Benson told an interviewer that "gay rights is not something that dominates my attentions—or my passions."


title: AD–AS model

text: The AD–AS or aggregate demand–aggregate supply model is a macroeconomic model that explains price level and output through the relationship of aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS).


title: AD–AS model

text: It is based on the theory of John Maynard Keynes presented in his work "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money". It is one of the primary simplified representations in the modern field of macroeconomics, and is used by a broad array of economists, from libertarian, monetarist supporters of laissez-faire, such as Milton Friedman, to post-Keynesian supporters of economic interventionism, such as Joan Robinson.


title: AD–AS model

text: The AD/AS model is used to illustrate the Keynesian model of the business cycle. Movements of the two curves can be used to predict the effects that various exogenous events will have on two variables: real GDP and the price level. Furthermore, the model can be incorporated as a component in any of a variety of dynamic models (models of how variables like the price level and others evolve over time). The AD–AS model can be related to the Phillips curve model of wage or price inflation and unemployment. A special case is a horizontal AS curve which means the price level is constant. The AD curve represents the locus of equilibrium in the IS–LM model, also invented and developed by Keynes. The two models produce the same results with a constant price level.


title: AD–AS model

text: The AD (aggregate demand) curve is defined by the IS–LM equilibrium income at different potential price levels.


title: AD–AS model

text: It shows the combinations of the price level and level of the output at which the goods and assets markets are simultaneously in equilibrium.


title: AD–AS model

text: where Y is real GDP, M is the nominal money supply, P is the price level, G is real government spending, T is real taxes levied, and Z other variables that affect the location of the IS curve (any component of spending) or the LM curve (influences on money demand). The real money supply has a positive effect on aggregate demand, as does real government spending; taxation has a negative effect on it.


title: AD–AS model

text: The slope of the AD curve reflects the extent to which real balances (i.e., the real value of the money balances held by an individual or by the economy as a whole) change the level of spending (consumption, government, investment), taking both assets and goods markets into consideration.


title: AD–AS model

text: An increase in real balances will lead to an increase in equilibrium spending and income. These increases will be dependent on the value of the multiplier. For example, the smaller the interest responsiveness of money demand, the smaller the effect on spending and income; the higher the interest responsiveness of investment demand, the greater the resulting increase in spending and income.


title: AD–AS model

text: An increase in the nominal money stock leads to a higher real money stock at each level of prices. In the asset market, the decrease in interest rates induces the public to hold higher real balances. It stimulates the aggregate demand and thereby increases the equilibrium level of income and spending. Thus, the aggregate demand curve shifts right.


title: AD–AS model

text: The aggregate supply curve (AS curve) describes the quantity of output the firms plan to supply for each given price level.


title: AD–AS model

text: The Keynesian aggregate supply curve shows that the AS curve is significantly horizontal implying that the firm will supply whatever amount of goods is demanded at a particular price level during an economic depression. The idea behind that is because there is unemployment, firms can readily obtain as much labour as they want at that current wage and production can increase without any additional costs (e.g. machines are idle which can simply be turned on). Firms' average costs of production therefore are assumed not to change as their output level changes. This provides a rationale for Keynesians' support for government intervention. The total output of an economy can decline without the price level declining; this fact, in conjunction with the Keynesian belief of wages being inflexible downwards, clarifies the need for government stimulus. Since wages cannot readily adjust low enough for aggregate supply to shift outward and improve total output, the government must intervene to accomplish this result. However, the Keynesian aggregate supply curve also contains a normally upward-sloping region where aggregate supply responds accordingly to changes in price level. The upward slope is due to the law of diminishing returns as firms increase output, which states that it will become marginally more expensive to accomplish the same level of improvement in productive capacity as firms grow. It is also due to the scarcity of natural resources, the rarity of which causes increased production to also become more expensive. The vertical section of the Keynesian curve corresponds to the physical limit of the economy, where it is impossible to increase output.


title: AD–AS model

text: The classical aggregate supply curve comprises a short-run aggregate supply curve and a vertical long-run aggregate supply curve. The short-run curve visualizes the total planned output of goods and services in the economy at a particular price level. The "short-run" is defined as the period during which only final good prices adjust and factor, or input, costs do not. The "long-run" is the period after which factor prices are able to adjust accordingly. The short-run aggregate supply curve has an upward slope for the same reasons the Keynesian AS curve has one: the law of diminishing returns and the scarcity of resources. The long-run aggregate supply curve is vertical because factor prices will have adjusted. Factor prices increase if producing at a point beyond full employment output, shifting the short-run aggregate supply inwards so equilibrium occurs somewhere along full employment output. Monetarists have argued that demand-side expansionary policies favoured by Keynesian economists are solely inflationary. As the aggregate demand curve is shifted outward, the general price level increases. This increased price level causes households, or the owners of the factors of production to demand higher prices for their goods and services. The consequence of this is increased production costs for firms, causing short-run aggregate demand to shift back inwards. The theoretical ultimate result is inflation.


title: AD–AS model

text: The mainstream AS-AD model contains both a long-run aggregate supply curve (LRAS) and a short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve essentially combining the classical and Keynesian models. In the short run wages and other resource prices are sticky and slow to adjust to new price levels. This gives way to the upward sloping SRAS. In the long-run, resource prices adjust to the price level bringing the economy back to a full employment output; along vertical LRAS.


title: AD–AS model

text: The Keynesian model, in which there is no long-run aggregate supply curve and the classical model, in the case of the short-run aggregate supply curve, are affected by the same determinants. Any event that results in a change of production costs shifts the curves outwards or inwards if production costs are decreased or increased, respectively. Some factors which affect short-run production costs include: taxes and subsidies, price of labour (wages), and price of raw materials. These factors shift short-run curves "exclusively". Changes in the quantity and quality of labour and capital affect both long-run and short-run supply curves. A greater quantity of labour or capital corresponds to a lower price for both. A greater quality in labour or capital corresponds to a greater output per worker or machine.


title: AD–AS model

text: The long-run aggregate supply curve of the classical model is affected by events that affect the potential output of the economy. Factors revolve around changes in the quality and quantity of factors of production.


title: AD–AS model

text: If there is a fiscal expansion i.e. there is an increase in the government spending or a cut in the taxes, it will shift the AD curve rightwards. The shift would then imply an increase in the equilibrium output and employment.


title: AD–AS model

text: In the Classical case, the AS curve is vertical at the full employment level of output. Firms will supply the equilibrium level of output whatever the price level may be.


title: AD–AS model

text: Now, the fiscal expansion shifts the AD curve rightwards, thus leading to an increase in the demand for goods, but the firms cannot increase the output as there is no labour force which can be obtained.


title: AD–AS model

text: As firms try to hire more labour, they bid up wages and their costs of production and thus they charge higher prices for the output.


title: AD–AS model

text: The increase in prices reduces the real money stock and leads to an increase in the interest rates and reduction in spending.


title: AD–AS model

text: The equation for the aggregate supply curve in general terms for the case of excess supply in the labor market, called the short-run aggregate supply curve, is


title: AD–AS model

text: where W is the nominal wage rate (exogenous due to stickiness in the short run), P is the anticipated (expected) price level, and Z is a vector of exogenous variables that can affect the position of the labor demand curve (the capital stock or the current state of technological knowledge). The real wage has a negative effect on firms' employment of labor and hence on aggregate supply. The price level relative to its expected level has a positive effect on aggregate supply because of firms' mistakes in production plans due to mis-predictions of prices.


title: AD–AS model

text: The long-run aggregate supply curve refers not to a time frame in which the capital stock is free to be set optimally (as would be the terminology in the micro-economic theory of the firm), but rather to a time frame in which wages are free to adjust in order to equilibrate the labor market and in which price anticipations are accurate. In this case the nominal wage rate is endogenous and so does not appear as an independent variable in the aggregate supply equation. The long-run aggregate supply equation is simply


title: AD–AS model

text: and is vertical at the full-employment level of output. In this long-run case, Z also includes factors affecting the position of the labor supply curve (such as population), since in labor market equilibrium the location of labor supply affects the labor market outcome.


title: AD–AS model

text: The following summarizes the exogenous events that could shift the aggregate supply or aggregate demand curve to the right. Exogenous events happening in the opposite direction would shift the relevant curve in the opposite direction.


title: AD–AS model

text: The following exogenous events would shift the aggregate demand curve to the right. As a result, the price level would go up. In addition if the time frame of analysis is the short run, so the aggregate supply curve is upward sloping rather than vertical, real output would go up; but in the long run with aggregate supply vertical at full employment, real output would remain unchanged.


title: AD–AS model

text: The following exogenous events would shift the short-run aggregate supply curve to the right. As a result, the price level would drop and real GDP would increase.


title: AD–AS model

text: For example, a shock increase in the price of oil is felt by producers as an increase in the factors of production. This shifts the supply curve upward by raising expected inflation. This slows the adjustment of the AS curve back to its steady state. As the inflation slowly falls, so will the AS curve back to its steady state.


title: AD–AS model

text: The modern quantity theory states that the price level is directly affected by the quantity of money.


title: AD–AS model

text: Milton Friedman was the recognized intellectual leader of an influential group of economists, called monetarists, who emphasize the role of money and monetary policy in affecting the behaviour of output and prices.


title: AD–AS model

text: The modern quantity theory also disagrees with the strict quantity theory in not believing that the supply curve is vertical in the short run.


title: AD–AS model

text: Thus, Friedman and other monetarists made an important distinction between the short run and long run effects of changes in money. They said that in the long run money is more or less neutral: changes in the nominal money stock have no real effects and only change prices. But in the short run, they argue that monetary policy and changes in the money stock can have important real effects.


title: Diganth

text: Diganth Manchale (born 28 December 1983), mononymously known as Diganth, is an Indian actor and former model who primarily works in Kannada films. Diganth made his acting debut in "Miss California" in 2006. He is a recipient of one SIIMA Award along with four Filmfare Award South nominations. Diganth's success pushed him to be among the top league actors of Kannada cinema.


title: Diganth

text: Diganath had his first success with "Gaalipata" (2008), which earned him the title "Doodhpeda" and Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Kannada nomination. He then received praises for his performance in "Manasaare" (2009), "Pancharangi" (2010), "Lifeu Ishtene" (2011) and "Parijatha" (2012), receiving Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada nomination for the former two. His career saw a setback with few unsuccessful films including his Hindi debut "Wedding Pullav" (2015). Diganath received further success with "Chowka", "Happy New Year", both (2017). He received SIIMA Best Actor in a Supporting Role nomination for the latter. His work in "Katheyondu Shuruvagide" (2018) earned him another Best Actor nomination.


title: Diganth

text: Diganth Manchale was born on 28 December 1983 in Sagara, Karnataka. His father, Krishnamurthy, is a professor, and his mother Mallika, is a homemaker. Diganth has an elder brother, Akash Manchale.


title: Diganth

text: Diganath completed schooling from Seva Bharathi and pre-university in Tunga Mahavidyalaya, Thirthahalli. He completed his bachelor's degree in Commerce from Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain College, a part of Jain University in Bengaluru, and was a model before joining the Kannada film industry in 2006.


title: Diganth

text: Diganth made his debut in film miss California but he gained fame in cameo appearance in Mungarumale and supporting role in Gaalipata.


title: Diganth

text: His career after 2010 includes successful projects such as "Manasaare", "Pancharangi", "Lifeu Ishtene" and "Parijatha". All of these films brought him much popularity and stardom. He went on to play the lead in director Indrajith Lankesh's "Dev Son of Mudde Gowda" in 2012 which received mixed reactions.


title: Diganth

text: In 2017, Diganth was part of "Chowka" which was a blockbuster hit. In that same year, he acted in Happy New Year for which he was nominated for SIMA best supporting role.


title: Diganth

text: Under Pushkar films he acted in "Katheyondu Shuruvagide", a romantic movie for which he was nominated for the SIIMA award for best actor. He also played a supporting role in Puneeth Rajkumar starrer "Yuvaratnaa".


title: Diganth

text: Later, he acted in suspense thriller movie "Huttu Habbada Shubhashayagalu". He played a village boy role in "Kshamisi Nimma Khateyalli Hanavilla".


title: How to Change Your Mind

text: How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence is a 2018 book by Michael Pollan. It became a No. 1 "New York Times" best-seller.


title: How to Change Your Mind

text: "How to Change Your Mind" chronicles the long and storied history of psychedelic drugs, from their turbulent 1960s heyday to the resulting counter culture movement and backlash. Through his coverage of the recent resurgence in this field of research, as well as his own personal use of psychedelics via a "mental travelogue", Pollan seeks to illuminate not only the mechanics of the drugs themselves, but also the inner workings of the human mind and consciousness.


title: How to Change Your Mind

text: Pollan has been interviewed concerning the book on popular podcasts such as The Tim Ferriss Show, The Kevin Rose Show and "The Joe Rogan Experience".


title: How to Change Your Mind

text: Kevin Canfield of the "San Francisco Chronicle" wrote: "In 'How to Change Your Mind', Pollan explores the circuitous history of these often-misunderstood substances, and reports on the clinical trials that suggest psychedelics can help with depression, addiction and the angst that accompanies terminal illnesses. He does so in the breezy prose that has turned his previous booksthese include "The Omnivore's Dilemma" and "", the inspiration for his winning Netflix documentaries of the same nameinto bestsellers."


title: How to Change Your Mind

text: Jacob Sullum of the libertarian magazine "Reason" gave the book a generally positive review, but faulted Pollan for criticizing Timothy Leary's self-promotion without allocating blame to the politicians and journalists who shut down the promising scientific study of psychedelics.


title: How to Change Your Mind

text: Writing in "New York" magazine, conservative journalist Andrew Sullivan praised "How to Change Your Mind" as "astounding."


title: How to Change Your Mind

text: "How to Change Your Mind" received two positive reviews from "Vox". Ezra Klein described it as "one of the most mind-expanding books I have read this year." Sean Illing said that Pollan "describe[s] what it's like to take psychedelics. But beyond that, he also walks the reader through the history of these drugs and surveys the latest research into their therapeutic potential. It's a sprawling book that is likely to change how you think not just about psychedelic drugs but also about the human mind."


title: How to Change Your Mind

text: Mark Rozzo reviewed "How to Change Your Mind" in "Columbia" magazine. He writes that the book "offers a convincingly grown-up case for the potential of drugs that, having survived decades of vilification, now seem poised to revolutionize several fields, from mental health to neuroscience."


title: How to Change Your Mind

text: Oliver Burkeman wrote of the book in "The Guardian": ""How to Change Your Mind" is Pollan's sweeping and often thrilling chronicle of the history of psychedelics, their brief modern ascendancy and suppression, their renaissance and possible future, all interwoven with a self-deprecating travelogue of his own cautious but ultimately transformative adventures as a middle-aged psychedelic novice."


title: How to Change Your Mind

text: Drew Gwilliams wrote a review of the book for the scientific journal "Chemistry World". He called it "a fascinating history of psychedelic drugs" and said "Pollan approaches the topic with a combination of intelligent curiosity and skepticism, deftly avoiding controversial debates while seeking clarity and comprehension."


title: How to Change Your Mind

text: In 2021, Pollan began working on a four-part documentary film adaptation of the book for Netflix, exploring LSD, psilocybin, MDMA and mescaline. It was released on July 12, 2022.


title: Sing, Sing, Sing (With a Swing)

text: "Sing, Sing, Sing (With a Swing)" is a 1936 song, with music and lyrics by Louis Prima, who first recorded it with the New Orleans Gang. Brunswick Records released it on February 28, 1936 on the 78rpm record format, with "It's Been So Long" as the B-side. The song is strongly identified with the big band and swing eras. Several have performed the piece as an instrumental, including Fletcher Henderson and, most famously, Benny Goodman.


title: Sing, Sing, Sing (With a Swing)

text: On July 6, 1937, "Sing, Sing, Sing" was recorded in Hollywood with Benny Goodman on clarinet; Gene Krupa on drums; Harry James, Ziggy Elman, and Chris Griffin on trumpets; Red Ballard and Murray McEachern on trombones; Hymie Schertzer and George Koenig on alto saxophones; Art Rollini and Vido Musso on tenor saxophone; Jess Stacy on piano; Allan Reuss on guitar; and Harry Goodman on bass. The song was arranged by Jimmy Mundy. Unlike most big band arrangements of that era, limited in length to three minutes so that they could be recorded on one side of a standard 10-inch 78-rpm record, the version which Goodman’s band recorded was an extended work. The 1937 recording lasted 8 minutes and 43 seconds, and it took up both sides of a 12-inch 78. The recording of Goodman's 1938 Carnegie Hall live performance (with impromptu solos) took 12 minutes and 30 seconds. Mundy's arrangement incorporated "Christopher Columbus", a piece written by Chu Berry for the Fletcher Henderson band, as well as Prima's work. Fletcher Henderson recorded a vocal version in August 1936. The 1937 Benny Goodman recording was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1982.


title: Sing, Sing, Sing (With a Swing)

text: Ross Firestone says that the 1937 recording "bore only the slightest resemblance to the original score." Helen Ward said that the changes started spontaneously: "One night Gene just refused to stop drumming when he got to the end of the third chorus, where the tune was supposed to end, so Benny blithely picked up the clarinet and noodled along with him. Then someone else stood up and took it, and it went on from there." Firestone says the elements from "Christopher Columbus" were added this way. The title of the number as given on the Goodman recordings acknowledges the additional tune - "Sing, Sing, Sing (introducing Christopher Columbus)”.


title: Sing, Sing, Sing (With a Swing)

text: In their 1966 book "Hear Me Talkin’ To Ya: The Story Of Jazz As Told By The Men Who Made It," music critics Nat Shapiro and Nat Hentoff quote Goodman as saying, "'Sing, Sing, Sing' (which we started doing back at the Palomar on our second trip there in 1936) was a big thing, and no one-nighter was complete without it." Goodman's 1938 Carnegie Hall jazz concert performance with Christopher Columbus interpolation was different from the commercial release and from subsequent performances with the Goodman band. The personnel of the Goodman band for the Carnegie Hall concert were the same as in the 1937 recording session, except that Vernon Brown replaced Murray McEachern on trombone, and Babe Russin replaced Vido Musso on tenor saxophone.


title: Sing, Sing, Sing (With a Swing)

text: Stacy was quoted as saying he was glad he did not know Goodman was going to let him solo, because then he would have gotten nervous and "screwed it up." For the 1955 recording recreating the Carnegie Hall performance for the movie "The Benny Goodman Story", Stacy declined to participate and there was no piano solo, because he was offered only a standard daily wage for one day's work.


title: The Juror

text: The Juror is a 1996 American legal thriller film based on the 1995 novel by George Dawes Green. It was directed by Brian Gibson and stars Demi Moore as a single mother picked for jury duty for a mafia trial and Alec Baldwin as a mobster sent to intimidate her. The film received highly negative reviews and Moore won a joint Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress for both her performance in this film and in "Striptease".


title: The Juror

text: Annie Laird is a sculptor who lives in New York with her son Oliver; she works a day job as a data entry clerk. Annie is selected to be a juror in the trial of mafia boss Louie Boffano, who is accused of ordering the murder of Salvatore Riggio.


title: The Juror

text: Mark Cordell buys some of Annie's artwork and then wines and dines her before she discovers he is better known as "The Teacher", Boffano's enforcer and the actual perpetrator of Riggio's murder. Mark tells Annie to persuade the jury to acquit Boffano, or she and Oliver will die.


title: The Juror

text: A frightened Annie convinces the jury to acquit Boffano. After the trial, Boffano questions whether Annie should "disappear", seeing her as a loose end. Mark convinces Boffano otherwise. Mark goes after Annie's friend Juliet. After having sex with her, Mark reveals himself to be Annie's stalker. He pulls a gun and forces Juliet to take a fatal drug overdose. Mark boasts of Juliet's murder to Eddie, who also works for Boffano but unlike Mark, is sympathetic to Annie as he is a parent himself.


title: The Juror

text: To ensure her son's safety, Annie hides Oliver in the village of T'ui Cuch, Guatemala. The prosecutor, who figured out Annie was threatened, wants Annie to turn state's witness so they can go after Mark, who now plans to take over Boffano's empire.


title: The Juror

text: Annie convinces the prosecutor to let her wear a wire in a scheduled meeting with Mark. Annie removes the wire and gives it to Eddie, insinuating she and Mark are now a couple. Annie then succeeds in getting Mark to incriminate himself in a boastful rant about his ambitions, which she tapes on a hidden tape recorder. She uses the tape to tip off Boffano, who schedules a meeting with Mark.


title: The Juror

text: Boffano's plan backfires when Mark kills both Boffano and his son Joseph, along with their henchmen. He also slashes Eddie's throat. Mark, furious at Annie's betrayal, calls her, revealing his intention to travel to Guatemala to kill Oliver.


title: The Juror

text: Annie travels to Guatemala where there is a showdown with Mark. He chases Oliver into a structure, where locals shoot Mark. Annie, also armed with a pistol, fires six more shots, making sure Mark is dead after he tries to shoot Annie with a gun pulled from his ankle holster. Oliver is unharmed.


title: The Juror

text: Columbia Pictures acquired the movie rights to the unpublished book for $1.5 million. They then paid Ted Tally over $1 million to write the screenplay.


title: The Juror

text: "The Juror" was a critical failure. It holds a 22% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 23 reviews, with an average rating of 4.5/10. The site's consensus states: "Self-serious despite its abundance of trite twists, "The Juror" is a drab thriller that audiences may hold in contempt." Moore won a joint Razzie Award for Worst Actress for both her performance in this film and in "Striptease". She was also nominated for the same joint award at the 1996 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards but lost to Whoopi Goldberg for "Theodore Rex", "Eddie", and "Bogus". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade of "B+" on a scale of A+ to F.


title: The Juror

text: The film grossed $22.7 million in the United States and Canada and $60 million worldwide, against its $44 million budget.


title: Coin (band)

text: Coin (often stylized as COIN) is an American pop rock band formed in 2012 in Nashville, Tennessee. It currently consists of Chase Lawrence (lead vocals, synthesizers), Ryan Winnen (drums), and Joe Memmel (lead guitar, backing vocals).


title: Coin (band)

text: The band originally released two EPs in 2012 ("Saturdays") and 2013 ("1992"). They subsequently gained mainstream attention in 2015 with the lead single "Run" from their self-titled debut album, which was produced by Jay Joyce and released later the same year by Columbia.


title: Coin (band)

text: The group gained further success in 2016 with the lead single "Talk Too Much" from the band's second studio album, "How Will You Know If You Never Try", which was released on April 21, 2017. The song was their first to chart on "Billboard"s Alternative Songs chart.


title: Coin (band)

text: Coin was formed in 2012 by Chase Lawrence, Ryan Winnen, Joe Memmel, and Zach Dyke. Lawrence, Memmel and Dyke were students at Belmont University. Lawrence and Memmel were classmates who often sat next to each other in music theory classes. After they decided to try writing music together, Winnen and Dyke were introduced to them through mutual friends. The band then decided that they needed recorded music in order for promoters to book them to play live, so they recorded four songs at their school and released them for free on the internet. When they started playing local shows around Nashville, the band quickly attracted a highly enthusiastic and loyal live following. Prior to the release of their debut album, they released two EPs: "Saturdays" in late 2012, and "1992" in 2013. The song "Atlas" was released as a single in August 2013 from the EP "1992". "Time Machine" was released as a non-album single in October 2013. Both "Atlas" and "Time Machine" were later re-recorded and put on the band's debut album. In March 2014, the band released a re-recorded version of their song, "It's Okay," as a non-album single.


title: Coin (band)

text: The group released their single, "Run," in early 2015 and were hailed by "Billboard" as "new wave crash-course survivors," destined to "break the Nashville mold." The song received positive reviews, as well as heavy airplay on Sirius' Alt Nation radio station. On June 9, 2015, the band released their self-titled debut album "Coin", produced by Jay Joyce. Looking back, the band called the record "precious," as well as admitting "there are a lot of little things that will always be a part of [their] DNA from that album."


title: Coin (band)

text: After touring for the release of their first album, the band released the first single from their second album in May 2016, "Talk Too Much". In February 2017, the band released "I Don't Wanna Dance" as the next single from their forthcoming album. In March 2017, a re-recorded version of their song "Malibu" from their EP "1992" was released as the first promotional single, re-titled "Malibu 1992." Two weeks later on March 23, 2017, the group announced the title of their second album: "How Will You Know If You Never Try". Following the announcement of the album, the band released the second promotional single, "Feeling," on March 31, 2017. The album was released worldwide on April 21, 2017.


title: Coin (band)

text: On February 8, 2018, the single, "Growing Pains", was released as a follow up to the 2017 album. The song features on their tour setlist.


title: Coin (band)

text: The next single, "Simple Romance," was released on October 12, 2018. The third single, "Cemetery," debuted on November 16, 2018. The fourth single, "I Want it All," was released on January 10, 2019. The fifth single, presumably the last song before the album, "Crash My Car," debuted on June 13, 2019. Their third album, "Dreamland", was released on February 21, 2020.


title: Coin (band)

text: In 2020, they announced their Dreamland Tour that was set to cover several states across the United States. However, they were forced to postpone several shows on this tour due to the COVID-19 outbreak.


title: Coin (band)

text: Since their formation in 2012, the band has gone on several tours. In 2015, they opened for many artists including Neon Trees and Colony House. They also went on tour that year for the release of their self-titled debut album. In 2016, they continued opening for bands. Some of the groups they toured with include The 1975, Bad Suns, and Saint Motel. After the release of their second album titled "How Will You Know If You Never Try", they played 36 shows across the United States. The North American "How Will You Know If You Never Try" tour occurred during 2017 and 2018. In October 2018, they played three shows in the Philippines as an extension of their previous tour. In February and March 2019, they toured 13 venues on their Paradise of Thought tour. In Summer of 2019, they toured 24 cities, supporting Young the Giant and Fitz and the Tantrums. In Fall of 2019, they went on their Album 3 Part 1 tour where they played 23 locations across the US and Canada. Throughout the years, the band has also played several festivals including Lollapalooza, SandJam Festival, and Music Midtown. On February 24, 2020, it was announced that they would be opening acts for Australian band, 5 Seconds of Summer for the UK arena concert dates on their Take My Hand World Tour. Initially set to take place between May 11, 2020 to May 21, 2020, the UK leg of the tour was postponed due to the coronavirus pandemic. The UK shows began on April 7, 2022 at the SSE Hydro Arena in Glasgow, Scotland, with the band serving as the opening act for eight out of nine shows.


title: Coin (band)

text: On September 18, 2020, Coin returned with a new single, "You Are The Traffic". This was the first release from a new EP, "Indigo-Violet" which released on October 22, 2020. Just three weeks earlier, the band announced a new project titled "Rainbow Mixtape" which would be 12 songs split into three different EPs that each represented a different color of the rainbow. They described the record as an exploration of "all the colors we can create together," nodding to the project's sonic differences from their older work. One of the key messages of the project is "Don't turn your back on the ones who don't turn their back on you.". On September 23rd, 2022 on their Uncanny Valley tour, Coin performed their largest show to date at MGM Music Hall at Fenway.


title: 2020–21 EFL League One

text: The 2020–21 EFL League One (referred to as the Sky Bet League One for sponsorship reasons) was the 17th season of Football League One under its current title and the 29th season under its current league division format.


title: Cowardice

text: Cowardice is a trait wherein excessive fear prevents an individual from taking a risk or facing danger. It is the opposite of courage. As a label, "cowardice" indicates a failure of character in the face of a challenge. One who succumbs to cowardice is known as a coward.


title: Cowardice

text: As the opposite of bravery, which many historical and current human societies reward, cowardice is seen as a character flaw that is detrimental to society and thus the failure to face one's fear is often stigmatized and/or punished.


title: Cowardice

text: According to the "Online Etymology Dictionary", the word "coward" came into English from the Old French word "coart" (modern French "couard"), which is a combination of the word for "tail" (Modern French "queue", Latin "cauda") and an agent noun suffix. It would therefore have meant "one with a tail", which may conjur an image of an animal displaying its tail in flight of fear ("turning tail"), or a dog's habit of putting its tail between its legs when it is afraid. Like many other English words of French origin, this word was introduced in the English language by the French-speaking Normans, after the Norman conquest of England in 1066.


title: Cowardice

text: The English surname Coward (as in Noël Coward), however, has the same origin and meaning as the word "cowherd".


title: Cowardice

text: In German, the word translates into "Feigling" and "Weichei", the latter of which translates back to "soft egg" in literal.


title: Cowardice

text: Acts of cowardice have long been punishable by military law, which defines a wide range of cowardly offenses, including desertion in face of the enemy and surrendering to the enemy against orders. The punishment for such acts is typically severe, ranging from corporal punishment to the death sentence.


title: Cowardice

text: The United States military codes of justice define cowardice in combat as a crime punishable by death (note the phrase "shot at dawn").


title: Cowardice

text: Generally, cowardice was punishable by execution during World War I, and those who were caught were often court-martialed and, in many cases, executed by firing squad. British soldiers executed for cowardice were often not commemorated on war memorials, and their families often did not receive benefits and had to endure social stigma. However, many decades later, those soldiers all received posthumous pardons in the UK Armed Forces Act 2006 and have been commemorated with the Shot at Dawn Memorial. Unlike British, Canadian, French, German, and Soviet/Russian forces, the U.S. military tried soldiers for cowardice but never followed through with execution while German commanders were less inclined to use execution as a form of punishment.


title: Cowardice

text: Considerable controversy was generated by military historian S.L.A. Marshall, who claimed that 75 % of U.S. combat troops in World War II never fired at the enemy for the purpose of killing, even while under direct threat. Author Dave Grossman attempted to explain these findings in his book "". Marshall's findings were later challenged as mistaken or even fabricated, and were not replicated in a more rigorous study of Canadian troops in World War II.


title: Aqueous humour

text: The aqueous humour is a transparent water-like fluid similar to plasma, but containing low protein concentrations. It is secreted from the ciliary body, a structure supporting the lens of the eyeball. It fills both the anterior and the posterior chambers of the eye, and is not to be confused with the vitreous humour, which is located in the space between the lens and the retina, also known as the posterior cavity or vitreous chamber. Blood cannot normally enter the eyeball.


title: Aqueous humour

text: Aqueous humour is secreted into the posterior chamber by the ciliary body, specifically the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body (pars plicata). 5 alpha-dihydrocortisol, an enzyme inhibited by 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, may be involved in production of aqueous humour.


title: Aqueous humour

text: Aqueous humor is continually produced by the ciliary processes and this rate of production must be balanced by an equal rate of aqueous humor drainage. Small variations in the production or outflow of aqueous humor will have a large influence on the intraocular pressure.


title: Aqueous humour

text: The drainage route for aqueous humor flow is first through the posterior chamber, then the narrow space between the anterior iris and the posterior lens (contributes to small resistance), through the pupil to enter the anterior chamber. From there, the aqueous humor exits the eye through the trabecular meshwork into Schlemm's canal (a channel at the limbus, i.e., the joining point of the cornea and sclera, which encircles the cornea) It flows through 25–30 collector canals into the episcleral veins. The greatest resistance to aqueous flow is provided by the trabecular meshwork (esp. the juxtacanalicular part), and this is where most of the aqueous outflow occurs. The internal wall of the canal is very delicate and allows the fluid to filter due to the high pressure of the fluid within the eye.


title: Aqueous humour

text: The secondary route is the uveoscleral drainage, and is independent of the intraocular pressure, the aqueous flows through here, but to a lesser extent than through the trabecular meshwork (approx. 10% of the total drainage whereas by trabecular meshwork 90% of the total drainage).


title: Aqueous humour

text: The fluid is normally 15 mmHg (0.6 inHg) above atmospheric pressure, so when a syringe is injected the fluid flows easily. If the fluid is leaking, the hardness of the normal eye is compromised, leading to collapse and wilting of the cornea.


title: Aqueous humour

text: Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy where retinal ganglion cells and their axons die causing a corresponding visual field defect. An important risk factor is increased intraocular pressure (pressure within the eye) either through increased production or decreased outflow of aqueous humour. Increased resistance to outflow of aqueous humour may occur due to an abnormal trabecular meshwork or due to obliteration of the meshwork resulting from injury or disease of the iris. However, increased interocular pressure is neither sufficient nor necessary for development of primary open angle glaucoma, although it is a major risk factor. Uncontrolled glaucoma typically leads to visual field loss and ultimately blindness.


title: Aqueous humour

text: Uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humour can be increased with prostaglandin agonists, while trabecular outflow is increased by M3 agonists. Fluid production can be decreased by beta blockers, alpha2-agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.


title: Something to Talk About (film)

text: Something to Talk About is a 1995 American comedy-drama film directed by Lasse Hallström, from a screenplay written by Callie Khouri. It stars Julia Roberts and Dennis Quaid as an estranged couple, Kyra Sedgwick as Roberts' sister, and Robert Duvall and Gena Rowlands as their parents.


title: Something to Talk About (film)

text: The film's title stems from the Bonnie Raitt song of the same name. It was shot in various locations around Savannah, Georgia and Beaufort, South Carolina.


title: Something to Talk About (film)

text: Grace discovers that her husband, Eddie, is having an affair with another woman. After a wildly public confrontation with Eddie and his mistress, Grace packs up their daughter and returns home to her parents' horse farm to regroup. To her surprise and dismay, everyone around her is still mired in old fashioned ideals and believes she should forgive and forget Eddie's indiscretion. Her sister, Emma Rae, who is furious at Eddie and lets him know it, is also unwilling to let Grace pretend this has come out of nowhere, or that she did not make choices that led to her current predicament. Eddie, too, confronts Grace about her withdrawal from their life, and his feelings of abandonment after what started out as an affectionate, loving marriage. Her father feels the whole affair is dragging focus from an upcoming horse-jumping competition, but he and Grace's mother, Georgia, face their own set of problems with fidelity.


title: Something to Talk About (film)

text: The film received mixed reviews. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 39% of critics, based on a sample of 28 critics, gave a positive review. The average rating from these critics is 5.6/10. The site's consensus states: "Small-town gossip and a battle of the sexes should really add up to more than "Something to Talk About", especially with this much talent before the camera." On Metacritic — which assigns a weighted mean score — the film has a score of 62 out of 100 based on 28 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale.


title: Guest iin London

text: Guest iin London is an Indian Hindi comedy film, written and directed by Ashwni Dhir. It stars Kartik Aaryan, Kriti Kharbanda, Paresh Rawal and Tanvi Azmi. Produced by Panorama Studios and co-produced by Nishant Pitti. It was released worldwide on 7 July 2017, to negative reviews from critics.


title: Guest iin London

text: The film revolves around Aryan Shergill (Kartik Aaryan) and his girlfriend Anaya Patel (Kriti Kharbanda) life, which takes a turn when uninvited guests visit them in London.


title: Guest iin London

text: Aryan Shergill is a migrant worker in the UK, but his working visa expires. He resolves to arrange a sham marriage in order to obtain indefinite leave to remain, and ultimately British citizenship. He chooses Anaya (a taxi driver), promising to give her £7,000 in return. They conspire to have a fake marriage by lying to the court. Aryan takes Anaya to his home to make the court believe them. A few days later, Gangasharan and Guddi (Chacha and Chachi ji) visit them, telling them that they are Aryan's relatives. He takes them home, and makes Anaya somehow accept them for a few days. Chacha and Chachi ji get Aryan and Anaya married. On their marriage night Aryan gets drunk and confesses his love to Anaya. Some days later Anaya also tells him that she loves him and things start smoothening somewhat.


title: Guest iin London

text: Aryan then introduces Chacha ji to his boss. When Chacha ji subsequently visits Aryan's office, he accidentally turns on the filter, which is out of order, making the boss have a current shock. The next day, Aryan-Anaya and the guests are invited to his office party, where Chacha ji notices Aryan's boss harassing his secretary, and stops him, bywhich Aryan loses his job. Shortly thereafter the couple starts getting irritated by the visit of Chacha and Chachi and try multiple methods to send them away. One day Aryan and Anaya spot something mysterious about them, seeing them lying about their whereabouts, and visiting some other place and other person. They check their luggage and find old newspapers detailing the 9/11 attacks, which makes the two suspicious. So Aryan, one day takes them to a cafe and leaves them there, and returns home. By then, Anaya gets a courier from neighbours and they open to find that Chacha and Chachi ji came to collect their son's belogings. The couple visit their son's boss and they learn that he died in the 9/11 World Trade Center attack and 100000 pounds given in insurance was transferred by Chacha ji to Aryan's bank account. The couple feels guilty and starts searching for them. Finally, they meet them in New York and they apologise to each other.


title: Guest iin London

text: A few months later Chacha and Chachi ji visits them again, when Anaya is pregnant making the couple feel uncomfortable again.


title: Guest iin London

text: The film was officially announced in July 2016. The title of the film was said to be "Atithii iin London".


title: Guest iin London

text: The makers of the film initially finalized Lisa Haydon to cast in the film, though eventually Kirti Kharbanda was finalized for the role of Kartik's wife. Paresh Rawal and Tanvi Azmi have been confirmed to play as lead roles in the film. Shafaq Naaz, who played Kunti in Star Plus Mahabharat, will also be seen in this movie she will be seen as one of the friends of Kriti Kharbanda.


title: Guest iin London

text: Principal photography of the film commenced on 1 October 2016. Film was shot in London and Birmingham, England also New York City, United States.


title: Guest iin London

text: The music is composed by Raghav Sachar and Amit Mishra while the lyrics have been penned by Kumaar, T.S. Jarnail, Navendu Tripathi, Amit Mishra and Saint Shah Hussain. The first song of the film "Frankly Tu Sona Nachdi" sung by Raghav Sachar and Tarannum Malik was released on 18 May 2017. The second song of the film titled as "Dil Mera" sung by Ash King, Prakriti Kakar and Shahid Mallya was released on 25 May 2017. The third single to be released was "Daru Vich Pyaar" which is a recreated version of the song itself from the 2001 film Tum Bin and sung by Taz and Arya Acharya was released on 30 May 2017. The soundtrack was released by T-Series on 2 June 2017 which includes 5 songs.


title: Zameen (2003 film)

text: Zameen () is a 2003 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed by Rohit Shetty in his directorial debut. The film stars Ajay Devgn, Abhishek Bachchan and Bipasha Basu. The movie did average business at the box office.


title: Zameen (2003 film)

text: The plot of "Zameen" is loosely based upon the Indian Airlines Flight 814 hijacking though more closely represents the rescue mission taken by the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) in 1976 at Entebbe, Uganda where the IDF rescued 102 hostages taken by the PFLP-EO and the West German group Revolutionary Cells.


title: Zameen (2003 film)

text: Terrorists, backed by Pakistan, boldly attack the Indian Parliament building. The Indian Army assigns this matter to Colonel Ranvir Singh Ranawat (Ajay Devgn), who along with his men, apprehends and arrests the ring-leader Baba Zaheer Khan (Mukesh Tiwari). The Colonel takes one of his subordinates, Jaideep Rai (Abhishek Bachchan) to task, as nine soldiers were killed due to his negligence and asks him to resign. A terrorist group, Al-Tahir, recruits a group of men to try to evacuate their leader Baba Zaheer from Army prison, albeit in vain as their plans are thwarted by Jaideep, who is now an Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP) in the Anti-Terrorist Squad (ATS) in Mumbai city. ACP Jaideep summons a usual suspect named Fareed (Sanjay Mishra), who is a Garage owner for the vehicles recovered from the teo release their leader Baba Zaheer in lieu of the lives of all 107 on-board passengers. Presence of the professor, and throws his dead body into the sea. The professor bribes two corrupt officials of the Mumbai Airport to sneak in Guns inside the flight as they never go through the security checks. In a cross-fire between Mumbai ATS, ACP Jilitants' gets the police, this group hijacks an Indian Airlines plane, en route from Mumbai to Kathmandu, with Jaideep's fianceè, Nandini (Bipasha Basu), an in-flight supervisor, and Captain Basheer Ali (Pankaj Dheer), ACP Jaideep's foster father on board. The plane, with 107 passengers and crew, is re-routed to Kazan in Pakistan-administered Kashmir where they are met with more armed terrorists as well as the Pakistani Army. Together, they demand the release of Baba Zaheer in exchange for the lives of the passengers. ACP Jaideep soon recollects from his last conversation over the phone with Nandini that one of the two airports ground-staff did not leave the flight till the last moment of its departure. Jaideep apprehends him to which he confesses of sneaking in guns and other ammunition into the flight. The Indian Government makes a failed attempt to convince the Pakistani Ambassador (Arun Bali) to either send the Pakistani Army or let the Indian Army enter Pakistan-controlled Kashmir to rescue the civilians on board the flight. The Army and the Indian police collaborate and both Ranvir and Jaideep are asked to work together. Ranvir is weary of Jaideep's capabilities, since Jaideep is investigating Ranvir and his men — who are suspected of supplying arms and ammunitions to terrorists and Pakistanis. The duo nevertheless works out a plan to free the hostages and apprehend the terrorists. What they do not know is that their plan has already been compromised, and they may well be headed to their respective deaths. After a major gun-battle, Ranvir and Jaideep manage to capture Baba Zaheer again only to throw him out of a flying Army helicopter, after the flight has taken off from Kazaan in Pakistan-administered Kashmir.


title: Zameen (2003 film)

text: The soundtrack was directed and composed by Himesh Reshammiya, while Sameer wrote the lyrics. The music was released by T-Series.


title: Subbiah Arunan

text: Subbiah Arunan is an Indian scientist and Padma Shri awardee, known for his role in the Mars Orbiter Mission of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). He finished his schooling in St. Mary's Higher Secondary School, Vikramasingapuram in Tirunelveli Dist. He was born in Kothaiseri, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu and completed his Mechanical engineering from Coimbatore Institute of Technology. In 1984, he started his career in Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre. He is the project director of Mars Orbiter Mission, informally called Mangalyaan in 2013. He is married to Geetha Arunan, the daughter of fellow ISRO scientist Nambi Narayanan.


title: James Smith Bush

text: James Smith Bush (June 15, 1825 – November 11, 1889) was an American attorney, Episcopal priest, religious writer, and an ancestor of the Bush political family. He was the father of business magnate Samuel Prescott Bush, grandfather of former U.S. Senator Prescott Bush, great-grandfather of former U.S. President George H. W. Bush and great-great-grandfather of former Texas Governor and President George W. Bush and former Florida Governor Jeb Bush.


title: James Smith Bush

text: James Smith Bush was born in Rochester, New York, to Obadiah Newcomb Bush and Harriet Smith (1800–1867). In 1851, his father returned from the California Gold Rush after two years in order to reclaim his family and bring them west. He died aboard a ship on his return voyage and was presumably buried at sea.


title: James Smith Bush

text: Bush entered Yale College in 1841 (class of 1844), the first of what would become a long family tradition, as his grandsons Prescott Sheldon Bush and James Bush, great-grandsons George H. W. Bush, Prescott Sheldon Bush, Jr., Jonathan Bush and William H. T. Bush, great great-grandson George W. Bush, and great-great-great-granddaughter Barbara are all Yale alumni. He is accounted among the over 300 Yale alumni and faculty who supported in 1883 the founding of Wolf's Head Society. After Yale, he returned to Rochester and studied law, joining the bar in 1847.


title: James Smith Bush

text: His first wife, Sarah Freeman, lived in Saratoga Springs. They married in 1851, but she died 18 months later during childbirth.


title: James Smith Bush

text: This prompted Bush to study divinity with the rector of the Episcopal church there. Ordained a deacon in 1855, he was appointed rector at the newly organized Grace Church in Orange, New Jersey.


title: James Smith Bush

text: On February 24, 1859, he married Harriet Eleanor [Fay], daughter of Samuel Howard and Susan [Shellman] Fay, at Trinity Church, New York City. Fay was born in Savannah, Georgia. Her father is the sixth generation removed to John Fay, immigrant patriarch, born in England abt. 1648, embarking on May 30, 1656, at Gravesend on the ship "Speedwell", and arrived in Boston June 27, 1656.


title: James Smith Bush

text: In 1865–66, having been given a health sabbatical by his church, he traveled to San Francisco via the Straits of Magellan on the ironclad monitor with Commodore John Rodgers (a parishioner of his), with international goodwill stops along the way. Officially, he was designated Commodore's Secretary, but was considered "acting chaplain", giving services on board and even conducting a shipboard wedding for a German American they encountered in Montevideo, an incident Bush recounted in dispatches he wrote for "The Overland Monthly". Coincidentally, the fleet observed the punitive shelling of a defenseless Valparaíso, Chile by the Spanish Navy during the Chincha Islands War, after mediation efforts by Rodgers failed.


title: James Smith Bush

text: In 1867–1872, Bush was called to Grace Church (later Cathedral) in San Francisco, but troubled by family obligations, only stayed five years. His short stay along with that of photographic roll film inventor Hannibal Goodwin was to be satirized by Mark Twain in his weekly column in "The Californian".


title: James Smith Bush

text: In 1872, Bush took a call from Church of the Ascension at West Brighton, Staten Island. In 1884, during a dispute over a church raffle (a gold watch was auctioned, which he considered gambling), he stepped down.


title: James Smith Bush

text: In 1883, Bush published a collection of sermons called "More Words About the Bible", a response to his colleague Heber Newton's book "Right and Wrong Uses of the Bible". In 1885, his book "Evidence of Faith" was reviewed by "The Literary World" as "clear, simple, and unpretending", and summarized as an argument against supernatural explanations for God. According to the same journal, both works fit into the broad church movement. The "Boston Advertiser" called the latter work "the best statement of untrammeled spiritual thought" among recent books.


title: James Smith Bush

text: Bush retired to Concord, Massachusetts, and in 1888 left the Episcopal Church altogether and became a Unitarian. The stress of this separation caused him health problems for the remainder of his life. He moved to Ithaca, New York where he died suddenly while raking leaves in 1889.


title: Conversations with God

text: Conversations with God (CWG) is a sequence of books written by Neale Donald Walsch. It was written as a dialogue in which Walsch asks questions and God answers. The first book of the "Conversations with God" series, "Conversations with God, Book 1: An Uncommon Dialogue", was published in 1995 and became a publishing phenomenon, staying on "The New York Times Best Sellers List" for 137 weeks.


title: Conversations with God

text: In an interview with Larry King, Walsch described the inception of the books as follows: at a low period in his life, Walsch wrote an angry letter to God asking questions about why his life wasn't working. After writing down all of his questions, he heard a voice over his right shoulder say: "Do you really want an answer to all these questions or are you just venting?" When Walsch turned around, he saw no one there, yet Walsch felt answers to his questions filling his mind and decided to write them down. The ensuing automatic writing became the "Conversations with God" books. When asked in a recent interview how he opens up to God, Neale stated, "I am reaching out to touch others with this information. When I reach out and touch others with this information, I reconnect immediately with the divine presence."


title: Conversations with God

text: The series contains nearly three thousand pages of material. The second and third books in the trilogy deal with political and social issues.


title: Conversations with God

text: In "Friendship with God", Walsch writes that God presents four concepts that are central to the entire dialogue:


title: Conversations with God

text: Existence is essentially non-dual in nature. At the highest level, there is no separation between anything, and there is only one of us; there is only God, and everything is God. The second statement, following from the first, means that we, in this seeming existence, lack nothing, and if we choose to realize it, we have enough of whatever we think we need (or the means to create it) within us. The third statement combines the first two to conclude that God, being all there is and is thus always sufficient unto itself, has no need for anything and therefore has no requirements of humanity. The final concept puts an end to our need always to be correct. Given that we have and are everything, and there's nothing we "have" to do, there is an "infinite" number of ways to experience this, not just the "one" way we may have chosen so far.


title: Conversations with God

text: According to the books, God recommends many economic and social changes if people want to make a more functional, adaptable, and sustainable world. The books recommend that more attention should focus on the environment. The conversations also speak of reincarnation and the existence of life on other planets.


title: Conversations with God

text: In Walsch's first dialogue, God notes that "knowing" and "experiencing" oneself are different things. Before creation, there was only That-Which-Is, which cannot know or experience itself fully without something it is not. It cannot know itself as love since nothing exists but love. It cannot know itself as giving since nothing else exists to give to. It cannot experience itself in myriad ways because everything is one.


title: Conversations with God

text: In Walsch's viewpoint, this present creation is established by and within God so that sentience can exist, which does not directly remember its true nature as God. Split into infinite forms, all life can live, experience, and recreate its nature as God, rather than "know" itself as the creator in theory. It is essentially a game, entered into by agreement, to remember who and what we are and enjoy and create, knowing that ultimately there is no finish line that some will not reach, no understanding that is not without value, no act that does not add meaning to the future or for others. Walsch claims that God says that we have a common interest in keeping the game going. There is nothing else to do except to experience our existence and then experience more of it, to uncover deeper layers of truth and understanding. There are no external rules because all experience is subjective and chosen. But within this, there are ways that people will gradually come to see their thoughts, words, and actions are either working or not working. A thing is either functional or dysfunctional, not right or wrong. These rememberings take place over "time" and can take hundreds and thousands of lifetimes.


title: Conversations with God

text: The dialogue presents many philosophical ideas that prominent Eastern and Western thinkers had already advanced earlier. Still, Walsch explains the information in language for modern readers and does not explicitly cite these philosophers. Walsch claims that he had never known most of these ideas before his revelatory experiences. Since the beginning of the series, and especially in the later volumes, Walsch and "God" acknowledge that most of the concepts presented are previously known to humanity but are profound enough to warrant being explored repeatedly and put into this cohesive, unified form. Since humanity is still mired in strife and conflict, there is value in their restatement. Fundamental parts of Walsch's writings are also mirrored within other well-known spiritual writings and traditions:


title: Conversations with God

text: The following are the ten books in the "Conversations With God" Dialogue Books series. Each of these books is a claimed transcript of dialogue between two beings, Neale Donald Walsch and "God", with the exception of "Communion with God", which is written only by "God".


title: Conversations with God

text: "Home With God", we are told, is the final book in this series of two-way written communication {see HwG page 308, "Our final conversation in public."}. In August 2016, however, Neale stumbled upon a "new and unexpected dialogue" continuing the original trilogy with a fourth installment released on March 27, 2017.


title: Conversations with God

text: The first three books in the series are often called the CwG trilogy. In 2005, the trilogy was re-released as one combined 'Gift Edition' book. This edition contains the entire text of the first three books with 'God's words in blue ink and Neale's in black ink, and features a combined 3-in-1 index at the back.


title: Conversations with God

text: A "Conversations with God" movie shows the author's experience and opened in theatres across the United States on October 27, 2006. Walsch is played by Henry Czerny in the film directed by Stephen Deutsch.


title: 2022 in association football

text: The following are the scheduled events of association football (soccer) for the calendar year 2022 throughout the world. This includes the following:


title: Hōjō clan

text: The was a Japanese samurai family who controlled the hereditary title of "shikken" (regent) of the Kamakura shogunate between 1203 and 1333. Despite the title, in practice the family wielded actual political power in Japan during this period compared to both the Kamakura shoguns, or the Imperial Court in Kyoto, whose authority was largely symbolic. The Hōjō are known for fostering Zen Buddhism and for leading the successful opposition to the Mongol invasions of Japan. Resentment at Hōjō rule eventually culminated in the overthrow of the clan and the establishment of the Ashikaga shogunate.


title: Hōjō clan

text: The Hōjō are alleged to have been an offshoot of the Taira of the Kanmu branch, originating in Izu Province. They gained power by supporting the defeat of the Taira by intermarrying with and supporting Minamoto no Yoritomo in the Battle of Dan-no-ura. The Hōjō usurped power when Yoritomo died eighteen years later.


title: Hōjō clan

text: Hōjō Tokimasa helped Minamoto no Yoritomo, a son-in-law, defeat the forces of the Taira to become Japan's first "shōgun". Hōjō Masako, Tokimasa's daughter, was married to Yoritomo. After the death of Yoritomo, Tokimasa became "shikken" (regent) to the child "shōgun", thus effectively transferring control of the shogunate to his clan permanently. The Minamoto and the Imperial Princes became puppets and hostages of the Hōjō.


title: Hōjō clan

text: The Imperial court at Kyoto resented the decline in its authority during the Kamakura shogunate, and in 1221 the Jōkyū War broke out between retired Emperor Go-Toba and the second regent Hōjō Yoshitoki. The Hōjō forces easily won the war, and the imperial court was brought under the direct control of the shogunate. The "shōgun"s constables gained greater civil powers, and the court was obliged to seek the "shōgun"s approval for all of its actions. Although deprived of political power, the court retained extensive estates in Kyoto.


title: Hōjō clan

text: Several significant administrative achievements were made during the Hōjō regency. In 1225 the third regent Hōjō Yasutoki established the Council of State, providing opportunities for other military lords to exercise judicial and legislative authority at Kamakura. The Hōjō regent presided over the council, which was a successful form of collective leadership. The adoption of Japan's first military code of law—the Goseibai Shikimoku—in 1232 reflected the profound transition from court to militarized society. While legal practices in Kyoto were still based on 500-year-old Confucian principles, the new code was a highly legalistic document that stressed the duties of stewards and constables, provided means for settling land disputes, and established rules governing inheritances. It was clear and concise, stipulated punishments for violators of its conditions, and remained in effect for the next 635 years.


title: Hōjō clan

text: As might be expected, the literature of the time reflected the unsettled nature of the period. The "Hōjōki" describes the turmoil of the period in terms of the Buddhist concepts of impermanence and the vanity of human projects. The "Heike monogatari" narrated the rise and fall of the Taira, replete with tales of wars and samurai deeds. A second literary mainstream was the continuation of anthologies of poetry in the "Shin Kokin Wakashū", of which twenty volumes were produced between 1201 and 1205.


title: Woodworm

text: A woodworm is the wood-eating larva of many species of beetle. It is also a generic description given to the infestation of a wooden item (normally part of a dwelling or the furniture in it) by these larvae.


title: Woodworm

text: Signs of woodworm usually consist of holes in the wooden item, with live infestations showing powder (faeces), known as frass, around the holes. The size of the holes varies, but are typically in diameter for the most common household species, although they can be much larger in the case of the house longhorn beetle. Adult beetles that emerge from wood may also be found in the summer months.


title: Woodworm

text: Typically the adult beetles lay eggs on or just under the surface of a wooden item. The resulting grubs then feed on the wooden item causing both structural and cosmetic damage. They then pupate and hatch as beetles that then breed, lay eggs and repeat the process, causing further damage.


title: Woodworm

text: As these beetles are accustomed to consuming decaying wood in forests, most grubs will prefer wooden items that contain a higher moisture content than that of typical household items.


title: Woodworm

text: A building with a woodworm problem in its structure or furniture may also have a problem with excess moisture. The issue could be the result of a lack of ventilation in a roof space, cellar or other enclosed space within an otherwise dry building.


title: Woodworm

text: Whilst moisture is a leading factor resulting in a woodworm infestation, some species of woodboring insects, such as the woodboring weevil, are only found where fungal rot has already begun.


title: Woodworm

text: Depending on the species involved, woodworm infestation is generally controlled with insecticides. However, some woodworm conditions, such as those caused by the waney edge borer ("Ernobius mollis"), require no treatment at all because the insect will have been killed in the preparation of the wood. Only active infestations require treatment, so it is important to ascertain whether an infestation is still active before treatment is carried out. It is also advisable to investigate and solve possible dampness issues, as dry wood is not usually affected, and wood that remains damp may be reinfected at a later date.


title: Woodworm

text: Electrical insect killers, which attract and kill adult beetles before they can breed, may be used along with conventional chemical treatments to kill adult beetles before they can breed, but the effectiveness of such an approach is unknown.


title: Woodworm

text: Freezing treatments are quite effective but are costly, take two to three weeks to work and may cause damage. Low-oxygen treatment is also effective but is costly and very time-consuming, taking as long as eight weeks to treat the problem.


title: Woodworm

text: In places such as Cambodia, South Africa, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea, woodworms may be considered edible delicacies.


title: White Guard (Finland)

text: The White Guard or Civil Guard (, ; ; ) was a voluntary militia, part of the Finnish Whites movement, that emerged victorious over the socialist Red Guards in the Finnish Civil War of 1918. They were generally known as the "White Guard" in the West due to their opposition to the "communist" Red Guards. In the White Army of Finland many participants were recruits, draftees and German-trained Jägers – rather than part of the paramilitary. The central organization was named the White Guard Organization, and the organization consisted of local chapters in municipalities.


title: White Guard (Finland)

text: The Russian revolution of 1905 led to social and political unrest and a breakdown of security in Finland, which was then a Grand Duchy under the rule of the Russian Tsar. Citizen militias formed as a response, but soon these would be transformed along political (left-right) lines. The Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent independence of Finland (declared in December 1917) also caused conflicts in the country. On January 27, 1918, the Finnish government ordered the disarming of all remaining Russian garrisons by the forces of the White Guard, and on the same day the Reds proclaimed revolution, leading to a bloody civil war. White Guards, led by Gen. C. G. E. Mannerheim, constituted the bulk of the victorious White Army during the Finnish Civil War (1918).