title: Soy Luna

text: Luna/Sol, has returned with her adoptive parents and her grandfather to the Benson mansion in Argentina. The mansion is now theirs. Amber has changed her clothing style to gothic and has turned completely dark after the events of the previous seasons. A new boy named Erik has fallen in love with Nina and becomes a couple. Luna and Matteo gets closer and closer, as Emilia tries to drive them further and further apart, leading to Matteo to have a devastating accident, that leaves him in the hospital for quite some time, and leaves him with more or less memory, than he had before. the Roller Band gets kicked out of their apartment, so they move to Luna's house. and a new boy arrives named Michel, he moves into the house with the Roller Band, and finds an interest in Luna, and they get very close, which makes Matteo very jealous, later, Michel gets an offer to study abroad in Rome, Italy, and he asks Luna to choose for him, it is clear to Luna, that she still loves Matteo. Michel leaves for Rome and tells Luna to fight for Matteo's love, Simon tells Matteo that it was a misunderstanding, that Luna never was in love with Michel, and that Luna loves him. after Matteo hears this, he tells Luna that he loves her, the two get back together happily, and they both kiss. Meanwhile, Sharon wants to take revenge on her father and the Valentes and decides to go back to Buenos Aires in several disguises. Later in the season, Amber regained her normal clothing style, changed her attitude and became a couple with Simon. During the big series finale, the Roller team started performing with the song "Todo Puede Cambiar" and Luna and Matteo are back together again. Amber, Delfi and Jazmin have made up for it and are friends again. At the end Luna celebrates her 18th birthday and sings the song "Soy Yo" at her party, concluding the series.


title: Soy Luna

text: Note: The ratings for the first season are only from Argentina. Those of the second season are from all countries from Latin America.


title: Soy Luna

text: The first season originally aired from March 14, 2016 to August 26, 2016 in Latin America. The series premiered on Disney Channel in Scandinavia on October 10, 2016. In the United States, the Spanish-language UniMás channel was set to air the series from April 17, 2017. However, the show was quietly taken off schedule. Eventually, the first season aired on February 20, 2018 on UniMás, and then later on Galavisión. After having a dormant entry for the series at launch, the first season was briefly made available on Disney+ with English subtitles in December 2019 before its official release on January 1, 2020. The second and third seasons followed on September 18, 2020.


title: Threema

text: Threema is a paid and proprietary end-to-end encrypted instant messaging service. Clients for iOS and Android are available.


title: Threema

text: The service claims to be based on the privacy by design principles by not requiring a phone number or other personally identifiable information. This helps anonymize the users to a degree.


title: Threema

text: Threema uses a user ID, created after the initial app launch by a random generator, instead of requiring a linked email address or phone number to send messages. It is possible to find other users by phone number or email address if the user allows the app to synchronize their address book. Linking a phone number or email address to a Threema ID is optional. Hence, the service can be used anonymously. Users can verify the identity of their Threema contacts by scanning their QR code when they meet physically. The QR code contains the public key of the user, which is cryptographically tied to the ID and will not change during the lifetime of the identity. Using this strong authentication feature, users can make sure they have the correct public key from their chat partners, which provides additional security against a Man-in-the-middle attack. Threema knows three levels of authentication (trust levels of the contact's identity). The verification level of each contact is displayed in the Threema application as dots next to the corresponding contact.


title: Threema

text: In addition to text messaging, users can make voice and video calls, send multimedia, locations, voice messages, and files. A web app version, Threema Web, can be used on desktop devices, but only as long as the phone with the Threema installation of the user is online.


title: Threema

text: In addition to one-on-one chats, Threema offers group chats up to 256 people. Users can make voice and video calls, send text and voice messages, multimedia, locations, and files of any type (up to 50 MB per file). It is also possible to create polls in personal or group chats.


title: Threema

text: Threema is developed by the Swiss company Threema GmbH. The servers are in Switzerland and the development is based in Pfäffikon SZ. As of May 2021, Threema had 10 million users and the business version, Threema Work, was used by 2 million users across 5,000 companies and organizations.


title: Threema

text: At the end of July, 2021 Threema introduced the ability for companies to host the messenger on their own server, primarily intended for companies with significantly high privacy concerns.


title: Threema

text: With Threema Web, a client for web browsers, Threema can be used from other devices like desktop computers, though only as long as the original device is online.


title: Threema

text: Threema optionally supports Android Wear smartwatch and Android Auto. Threema launched support for end-to-end encrypted video calls on August 10, 2020. The calls are person-to-person with group calls unavailable.


title: Threema

text: The application does not allow the self-deletion of messages after a period defined by the interlocutors.


title: Threema

text: The entire communication via Threema is end-to-end encrypted. During the initial setup, the application generates a key pair and sends the public key to the server while keeping the private key on the user's device. The application then encrypts all messages and files that are sent to other Threema users with their respective public keys. Once a message is delivered successfully, it is immediately deleted from the servers.


title: Threema

text: The encryption process used by Threema is based on the open-source library NaCl library. Threema uses asymmetric ECC-based encryption, with 256-bit strength. Threema offers a "Validation Logging" feature that makes it possible to confirm that messages are end-to-end encrypted using the NaCl Networking and Cryptography library. In August 2015, Threema was subjected to an external security audit. Researchers from cnlab confirmed that Threema allows secure end-to-end encryption, and claimed that they were unable to identify any weaknesses in the implementation. Cnlab researchers also confirmed that Threema provides anonymity to its users and handles contacts and other user data as advertised.


title: Threema

text: Threema was founded in December 2012 by Manuel Kasper. The company was initially called Kasper Systems GmbH. Martin Blatter and Silvan Engeler were later recruited to develop an Android application that was released in early 2013.


title: Threema

text: In Summer 2013, the Snowden leaks helped create an interest in Threema, boosting the user numbers to the hundreds of thousands. When Facebook took over WhatsApp in February 2014, Threema got 200,000 new users, doubling its userbase in 24 hours. Around 80% percent of those new users came from Germany. By March 2014 Threema had 1.2 million users.


title: Threema

text: In 2020, Threema expanded with video calls, plans to open-source its client-side apps and introduce reproducible builds of them, as well as introduce Threema Education, a variation of Threema intended for education institutions.


title: Threema

text: During the second week of 2021, Threema saw a quadrupling of daily downloads spurred on by controversial privacy changes in the WhatsApp messaging service. A spokesperson for the company also confirmed that Threema had risen to the top of the charts for paid applications in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. This trend continued into the third week of the year, with the head of Marketing & Sales confirming that downloads had increased to ten times the regular amount, leading to "hundreds of thousands of new users each day".


title: Threema

text: Threema Work: On May 25, 2016, Threema Work, a corporate version of Threema, was released. Threema Work offers extended administration and deployment capabilities. Threema Work is based on a yearly subscription model.


title: Threema

text: Threema Gateway: On March 20, 2015, Threema released a gateway for companies. Similar to an SMS gateway, businesses can use it to send messages to their users who have Threema installed. The code for the Threema Gateway SDK is open for developers and available on GitHub.


title: Threema

text: Threema Broadcast: On August 9, 2018, Threema released Threema Broadcast, a tool for top-down communication. Similar to emails in electronic newsletters, Threema messages can be sent to any number of feed subscribers, and the Threema Broadcast allows to create chatbots.


title: Threema

text: Threema Education: On September 10, 2020, Threema released Threema Education, a version of its messenger designed for education institutions. The app integrates Threema Broadcast and requires a one-time payment for each device used. It's intended for use by teachers, students, and parents.


title: Threema

text: Threema OnPrem: On July 27, 2021, Threema released Threema OnPrem, a version of the messenger which could be hosted on a company's own servers for maximum security purposes.


title: Threema

text: Since Threema's servers are in Switzerland, they are subject to the Swiss federal law on data protection. The data center is ISO/IEC 27001-certified. Linking a phone number and/or email address to a Threema ID is optional; when doing so, only checksum values (SHA-256 HMAC with a static key) of the email address and/or phone number are sent to the server. Due to the small number of possible digit combinations of a telephone number, the phone number associated with a checksum could be determined by brute force. The transmitted data is TLS-secured. The address book data is kept only in the volatile memory of the server and is deleted immediately after synchronizing contacts. If a user chooses to link a phone number or email address with their Threema ID, they can remove the phone number or email address at any time. Should a user ever lose their device (and their private key), they can revoke their Threema ID if a revocation password for that ID has been set.


title: Threema

text: Groups are solely managed on users’ devices and group messages are sent to each recipient as an individual message, encrypted with the respective public key. Thus, group compositions are not directly exposed to the server.


title: Threema

text: Data (including media files) stored on the users’ devices is encrypted with AES 256. On Android, it can be additionally protected by a passphrase.


title: Threema

text: Since 2016, Threema GmbH publishes a transparency report where public authority inquiries are disclosed.


title: Threema

text: On March 9, 2017, Threema was listed in the "Register of organizers of information dissemination in the Internet" operated by the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media of the Russian Federation.


title: Threema

text: In a response, a Threema spokesperson publicly stated: "We operate under Swiss law and are neither allowed nor willing to provide any information about our users to foreign authorities."


title: Threema

text: On April 29, 2021, Threema won a significant case at the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland against the Swiss Federal Department of Police and Justice, who wished to classify the company as a telecommunications provider. Had they lost the case, Threema would have had a legal requirement to identify users and send information about their users to law enforcement.


title: Threema

text: Starting January 2022, Swiss Armed Forces suggested that the troops should use Threema instead of WhatsApp, Telegram and Signal, citing Threema being Swiss-based without servers in the United States and thus not subject to the CLOUD Act, also promising that soldiers would be reimbursed for the cost.


title: Threema

text: In February 2014, German consumer organisation Stiftung Warentest evaluated several data-protection aspects of Threema, WhatsApp, Telegram, BlackBerry Messenger and Line. It considered the security of the data transmission between clients, the services' terms of use, the transparency of the service providers, the availability of the source code, and the apps' overall availability. Threema was the only app rated as 'non-critical' ("") in relation to data and privacy protection, but lost marks due to its closed-source nature, though this has changed for its frontend clients since the end of 2020.


title: Threema

text: Along with Cryptocat and Surespot, Threema was ranked first in a study evaluating the security and usability of instant messaging encryption software, conducted by the German PSW Group in June 2014.


title: Threema

text: , Threema had a score of 6 out of 7 points on the – now withdrawn and outdated – Electronic Frontier Foundation's "Secure Messaging Scorecard". It received points for having communications encrypted in transit, having communications encrypted with keys the provider doesn't have access to (i.e. having end-to-end encryption), making it possible for users to independently verify their correspondent's identities, having past communications secure if the keys are stolen (i.e. implementing forward secrecy), having its security design well-documented and having completed an independent security audit. It lost a point because its source code was not open to independent review (i.e. it was not open-source, though in late 2020 its frontend apps were open-sourced, leaving only its server component proprietary).


title: Kyun! Ho Gaya Na...

text: Kyun! Ho Gaya Na..., released in English as "Look What's Happened Now", is a 2004 Indian Hindi-language romance film directed by Samir Karnik starring Vivek Oberoi and Aishwarya Rai in lead roles. This Bollywood film was the acting debut of Kajal Aggarwal. Upon release, it performed average business at the box office.


title: Kyun! Ho Gaya Na...

text: Diya (Aishwarya Rai) is an intelligent university student with strong views on love and marriage. She spends much of her time at an orphanage in Coorg, helping her "Uncle" Raj Chauhan (Amitabh Bachchan) with the children living there. The story begins when Diya travels to Mumbai to write exams. While there, she stays with her father's friend and meets their lighthearted, free-spirited son, Arjun (Vivek Oberoi). His views on love and life are completely different from hers. The pair start spending an increasing amount of time with each other and throughout all their arguments and conversations, they soon fall in love. Diya is more open about professing her feelings, while Arjun is an introvert, being reluctant and prefers not to disclose his true intentions. Diya is left feeling heartbroken after he denies loving her, and she leaves him.


title: Kyun! Ho Gaya Na...

text: Arjun travels to the orphanage, in the hopes of reconciling with Diya and apologising to her. There, he realizes his true feelings for Diya and is eager to reveal his love for her. It is revealed that Diya is now planning to marry her childhood friend, Ishaan (Suniel Shetty). Diya and Arjun start spending more time together and once again rekindle their romance. It is later revealed that Ishaan is only just a friend of Diya's and the fake marriage was a plan made up by Raj to teach Arjun the importance of always being true to love and following his heart. She then marries Arjun.


title: Elina Fuhrman

text: Elina Fuhrman is a Russian–American journalist, author, and wellness activist. She is the founder, CEO and chef of Soupelina, a vegan soup company.


title: Elina Fuhrman

text: Fuhrman, originally Elina Kozmits, was born in the Moldavian SSR of the former Soviet Union and emigrated to the United States from Moscow in 1989, becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen. Her mother, Rita Kozmits, later immigrated as well. Her family is Jewish.


title: Elina Fuhrman

text: Fuhrman is divorced from Nick Fuhrman, a Madison congressional candidate, whom she married in May 1991, She has two children with Fuhrman, actress Isabelle Fuhrman born February 25, 1997, and singer Madeline Fuhrman born August 21, 1993. She and her family moved to Atlanta in 1999, when she joined CNN. Fuhrman later moved to Los Angeles, where she currently resides with her family.


title: Elina Fuhrman

text: Fuhrman received her journalism degree from the University of Wisconsin, Madison and studied English and Linguistics at Moscow State Pedagogical University.


title: Elina Fuhrman

text: Fuhrman was a writer, producer, and correspondent for CNN International and received awards for her coverage of the war in Afghanistan and the September 11th terrorist attacks in New York City, Washington, D.C., and near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. She has covered world events such as the conflict in the Middle East, the trial of former Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milošević, and the wars in Iraq and Chechnya, and interviewed numerous leaders, decision-makers and celebrities. Her work has appeared on CNN, NPR, and in The New York Times, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, InStyle, Conde Nast Traveler, SELF, Jezebel magazines and more.


title: Elina Fuhrman

text: In 2013, Fuhrman founded Soupelina, a vegan soup company. On February 2, 2016, Fuhrman published her first book, "Soupelina's Soup Cleanse," which was featured in "The New York Times" the week it came out, making it into Amazon's Best of the Month and #1 release in Soups. Soupelina's Soup Cleanse was also featured in InStyle and Harper's Bazaar, and many other publications. Soupelina soups were featured on ABC "Good Morning America" and Hallmark's "The Home and Family Show".


title: Elina Fuhrman

text: Over her years at CNN, Fuhrman was recognized with a number of awards. She received the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Award for a series of stories she wrote and produced immediately following the September 11 attacks. She received another National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences for her reporting on the war in Afghanistan.


title: Elina Fuhrman

text: Fuhrman also received a nomination for the International Health & Medical Media Awards, known as the Freddie Awards, for producing a report on autism.


title: Elina Fuhrman

text: Fuhrman was a 2000 Arthur F. Burns fellow, a program awarded to outstanding media professionals from the US and Germany to report from each other's countries.


title: Lamp (band)

text: Someya started playing guitar in middle school. In the folk club during high school, he became friends with Nagai through their common love of 60’s music. During college, when a friend introduced Sakakibara to Someya, he decided to start Lamp.


title: Lamp (band)

text: On 9 April 2003, Lamp released their first album, "Soyokaze Apartment Room 201" (そよ風アパートメント201). Someya has cited manga artist Yoshiharu Tsuge as influence for the first album's lyrics.


title: Lamp (band)

text: On 11 February 2004, they released their second album, "For Lovers" (恋人へ). Despite selling less than their first album, "For Lovers" became a fan favorite over the years.


title: Lamp (band)

text: On 9 February 2011, they released their sixth album, "Tokyo Utopia Correspondence" (東京ユウトピア通信). The album cover was drawn by manga artist Ouji Suzuki ().


title: Lamp (band)

text: On 5 February 2014, Lamp released their seventh album, "Yume" (ゆめ). The album cover was drawn by illustrator Sēichi Hayashi (). In 2014, they started their own label Botanical House. They performed at BEATRAM MUSIC FESTIVAL in Toyama Castle Park. They collaborated with San Francisco-based band The Bilinda Butchers on their debut album, "Heaven".


title: Lamp (band)

text: In 2017, they toured in China, including Shenzhen, Beijing, and Shanghai. On 20 April, they performed in Taipei.


title: Lamp (band)

text: On 15 May 2018, they released their seventh album, "Her Watch" (彼女の時計). On 23 July, they released the single, "Tabibito/Place in my dream (旅人／夢の国)". On 1 August 2018, they released the split single, "Blue/Girlfriend (ブルー／Girlfriend)," a collaboration with The Bilinda Butchers. In August and September, Lamp held the Lamp Asia Tour 2018 "A Distant Shore", performing in cities such as Beijing, Tokyo, Fukuoka, Seoul, Hong Kong, and Taipei. In October, they performed at Kirari Music Festival in Fujimi.


title: Lamp (band)

text: On 8 September 2020, they released "Stardust In Blue" with vocalist Kaede and features vocals from UWANOSORA. They have background vocals on all tracks except for Jupiter, which only has Kaede and UWANOSORA.


title: Lamp (band)

text: Lamp's style has been described as Shibuya-kei, city pop, and café music, but they have also been described as difficult to place into one genre. The band often incorporates elements of bossa nova, jazz, soul, and funk into their music. They have cited Brazilian music, The Beatles, The Beach Boys, and Simon & Garfunkel as influences.


title: Cliff Branch

text: Clifford Branch Jr. (August 1, 1948 – August 3, 2019) was an American professional football player who was a wide receiver with the Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders during his entire 14-year National Football League (NFL) career. He won three NFL championships with the Raiders in Super Bowl XI, XV and XVIII. He was selected by the Raiders in the fourth round of the 1972 NFL Draft after playing college football for the Colorado Buffaloes. He was posthumously elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2022.


title: Cliff Branch

text: Branch attended college at the University of Colorado Boulder, where he was a sprinter on the track team and a receiver on the football team. In football with the Buffaloes in 1970, he caught 23 passes for 355 yards, had 22 carries for 119 yards and one touchdown. In 1971, he had 13 catches for 330 yards and 3 touchdowns along with 9 carries for 235 yards and 4 touchdowns.


title: Cliff Branch

text: In track, Branch set an NCAA championship meet record in the 100 meters with a time of 10.0 seconds at the 1972 NCAA championships semifinal in Eugene, Oregon. Branch placed 5th in the final with 10.1, and he said "My goal has always been to win the NCAA 100 meter championship. This is my last track meet, since I expect to sign a pro contract with the Oakland Raiders within the next two weeks." He also posted a personal best of 20.5 seconds in the 200 meters. He graduated from Colorado in 1972.


title: Cliff Branch

text: Branch was selected in the fourth round of the 1972 NFL Draft with the 98th overall pick by the Oakland Raiders. He spent his entire 14-year NFL career with the Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders, winning three Super Bowl rings in Super Bowl XI, Super Bowl XV and Super Bowl XVIII.


title: Cliff Branch

text: Branch had a slow start to his career, as his 1972 season consisted of one start in 14 games with three combined catches for 41 yards. 1973 was slightly better, as he caught 19 catches for 290 yards in total for three touchdowns. In the October 14 game against the San Diego Chargers, he caught his first touchdown pass, doing so on a pass from Ken Stabler in the 27–17 win. His third season proved his moment. He caught 60 passes for 13 touchdowns and 1,092 yards (the former two were career highs). He went to the Pro Bowl while also being named First-team All-Pro, owing to him leading the league in yards, touchdowns, and yards per game as a receiver. In the postseason, he had his best game for the AFC Championship, where he caught nine passes for 186 yards and a touchdown, but the Raiders lost to the Pittsburgh Steelers 24–13. In his 22 games as a receiver in the postseason, it was the first of three 100-yard games and it was the most catches he had in said game.


title: Cliff Branch

text: Branch would have a four-year peak that resulted in Pro Bowl (four) and All-Pro selections (three), with the 1976 season resulting in a career high 1,111 yards to go with 12 touchdowns on 46 catches. That year, the Raiders won their first championship, and Branch caught nine combined passes in three games for under 50 yards each, but they still prevailed in the Super Bowl regardless. In his final season of play with the Raiders in 1985, his season ended prematurely when he was placed on the injured reserve list. In 1986, he again landed on the reserve list after suffering a pulled hamstring during the preseason.


title: Cliff Branch

text: After having caught 212 passes for 3,967 yards and 43 touchdowns in his first six years, Branch played the remaining eight seasons with steady but eventual decline. He caught at least 27 passes in seven of those years for at least 400 yards, with the 1980 season (44 catches, 858 yards, 7 touchdowns) being his last hit year.


title: Cliff Branch

text: On October 2, 1983, Branch caught the longest pass by a Raider, as he caught a 99-yard pass from Jim Plunkett in the second quarter versus the Washington Redskins


title: Cliff Branch

text: He had his last gasp of playoff play with the 1983 matchup against Pittsburgh, where he caught six passes for 76 yards in the 38–10 win (Branch did not make any catches in his true last playoff game, a 13–7 loss to Seattle on December 22). Branch finished his NFL career with 501 receptions for 8,685 yards and 67 touchdowns. In 20 playoff contests, he compiled 73 receptions for 1,289 yards, an average of 17.7 yards per catch, and five touchdowns. He held the NFL career playoff records for receptions and receiving yards, which stood until they were broken by Jerry Rice in 1993 and 1994, respectively, while with the San Francisco 49ers. Among his individual accolades were being selected to four consecutive Pro Bowl teams (1974, 1975, 1976, and 1977), and three times being selected as a first-team All-Pro (1974, 1975, 1976). In addition, he led the NFL in receiving yards once (1974) and receiving touchdowns twice (1974, 1976).


title: Cliff Branch

text: Branch played for the Los Angeles Cobras of the Arena Football League in 1988, their only season of existence.


title: Cliff Branch

text: He was cited by the NFL Network as #5 on players not in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, noted for his speed at the position of wide receiver while being overshadowed by receivers of his time like Pittsburgh rivals Lynn Swann, John Stallworth, and teammate Fred Biletnikoff. Minus Swann (whose numbers were considerably lower), Branch had comparable statistics to each of those players as each have over 500 receptions and 8,000 yards.


title: Cliff Branch

text: He was a nominee to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, and was a semifinalist in 2004 and 2010. In 2011, the Professional Football Researchers Association named Branch to the PFRA Hall of Very Good Class of 2011.


title: Cliff Branch

text: On August 24, 2021, Branch was posthumously selected as the seniors finalist for the Pro Football Hall of Fame Class of 2022. On February 10, 2022, he was selected for enshrinement in the Pro Football Hall of Fame.


title: Cliff Branch

text: Branch died on August 3, 2019, two days after his 71st birthday. His body was found in a hotel room in Bullhead City, Arizona. According to police his death was due to natural causes, based on an initial investigative report.


title: Céline Buckens

text: Céline Buckens (born 9 August 1996) is a Belgian and British actress. After appearing in the 2011 film "War Horse", she went on to portray the role of Mia MacDonald in the Netflix series "Free Rein" from 2017 to 2019. In 2020, she was cast in the role of Sophie Mercer in the Cinemax series "Warrior", and a year later, she starred in the BBC drama series "Showtrial", for which she received a nomination for the British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actress.


title: Céline Buckens

text: Buckens was born on 9 August 1996 in Brussels, and moved to the United Kingdom at a young age. She attended Thomas's London Day Schools and St Mary's School. She then studied History at the London School of Economics and Political Science; she appeared in "Free Rein" while completing her course. Buckens was also a debutante at the Bal des débutantes in Paris.


title: Céline Buckens

text: Buckens' acting career began when she portrayed Émilie in Steven Spielberg's 2011 film "War Horse", a role she won after two auditions. The character is a young French girl who lives on a farm with her grandfather after she lost her parents in the war. In 2015, Buckens starred in a short film titled "The Rain Collector", as Vanessa Kentworth.


title: Céline Buckens

text: From 2017 to 2019, Buckens starred in the Netflix drama series "Free Rein" as Mia MacDonald. She also appeared in an episode of the ITV drama "Endeavour" in 2017, as Daisy Bennett. In 2018, she starred in "Ne M'oublie Pas" (English: "Forget Me Not"), a French short film, as the lead character Elsa. In November 2019, she appeared in the drama thriller film "The Good Liar" as Annalise. In May 2019, it was announced that Buckens had joined the main cast of the Cinemax action series "Warrior". She portrays the role of Sophie Mercer from the second series onwards. In 2021, she portrayed Talitha Campbell in the BBC legal drama "Showtrial". For her portrayal of the role, she was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actress. Buckens also made her directorial debut in 2021 after directing the short film "Prangover", for which she was awarded Best Director at the 2021 North East International Film Festival.


title: Salim Group

text: The Salim Group is Indonesia's biggest conglomerate and refers to companies where the Salim family held majority ownership. Its assets include Indofood Sukses Makmur, the world's largest instant noodle producer; Indomobil Group, one of Indonesia's largest car manufacturers; Indomaret, Indonesia's largest convenience store chain; and Bogasari, a large flour-milling operation. The group was founded in October 1972 by Sudono Salim and his junior partner Sutanto Djuhar (Lin Wenjing). The current CEO is Anthoni Salim, a son of Sudono Salim.


title: Salim Group

text: The Salim Group also owns major oil palm plantations (about 1,000 km) and logging concessions. Salim Group has been involved in property development and the leisure industry for around 30 years. Its businesses include hotel and resort development, golf courses, and commercial real estate.


title: Salim Group

text: The Salim Group was closely tied to Indonesian politician and dictator Suharto, who ruled Indonesia for 31 years and was Sudono Salim's "friend and patron".


title: Salim Group

text: During the May 1998 riots that led to Suharto's downfall, Sudono Salim's house was burned down and he was forced to flee to Singapore.


title: Salim Group

text: In 1999, the group called off talks to sell a stake in Indofood to San Miguel Corporation, the largest food and beverage conglomerate in the Philippines, because of control questions.


title: Salim Group

text: The Salim Group is involved in a number of projects in West Bengal, an eastern state of India. It is involved in the construction of Kolkata West International City. Salim and Universal Success are investors in the project, Ciputra is the developer, and Singapore-based Surbana is the project manager.


title: Salim Group

text: The proposal of the Salim Group for chemical hub and multi-product SEZ were cleared in principle by the board of approvals of the Union Commerce Ministry, Government of India, in October 2006.


title: Amazon Eve

text: Erika Ervin (born February 23, 1979), known professionally as Amazon Eve, is an American model, fitness trainer, and actress. She has appeared on the cover of Australian magazine "Zoo Weekly" and played a regular character on "" and in a small role in "". She stands at tall.


title: Amazon Eve

text: Ervin was born in Turlock, California, and by age 14 was . She grew taller over the next four years. Around age 25, she underwent gender reassignment surgery. Ervin attended college in the San Francisco Bay Area and studied theater arts and business management.


title: Amazon Eve

text: Ervin ventured to obtain roles as an actress but gave up on the idea when she was constantly offered roles as an alien or monster. Later she studied law and exercise physiology. Tired of the office life that she had pursued and unhappy with her weight, she joined a gym but strove for an unrealistic size 0 physique that almost resulted in ending her life. Eventually she developed a healthier body image and began to view herself as a super-sized version of Super Woman and became a personal trainer devoted to instilling realistic expectations for herself and her clients. She tours the world participating in height comparison photo shoots and regular modeling jobs and posts her tour on her website.


title: Amazon Eve

text: In the September 2013 issue of "Harper's Bazaar", Carine Roitfeld, former editor-in-chief of "Vogue Paris", wrote an article, "Carine Roitfeld's 'Singular Beauties'", with photographs by Karl Lagerfeld. The article includes 25 models and is "an homage to the diversity of women". Among the models are Scarlett Johansson, Carmen Dell'Orefice (82 years old), Gabourey Sidibe, and Ervin who is paired with 5'9" Xiao Wen. There is also a video about the making of the article in which Xiao Wen and Ervin appear.


title: Amazon Eve

text: Ervin underwent sex reassignment surgery in 2004. In interviews, Ervin has talked about the problems of being a tall woman. Other topics she has addressed include her troubles growing up dealing with teasing in high school, family problems and her modeling experience.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The Beacon Theatre is an entertainment venue at 2124 Broadway, adjacent to the Hotel Beacon, on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. Opened in 1929, the Beacon Theatre was developed by Samuel "Roxy" Rothafel and built as a movie palace, with 2,894 seats across three levels. It was designed by Walter W. Ahlschlager with decorations inspired by the Renaissance, Ancient Roman, Ancient Greek, and Rococo styles. The theater is designated as a New York City interior landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The facade is relatively plain and is made of brick and stone, with a marquee above its entrance on Broadway. The outdoor ticket booth leads to a vestibule and a multi-story rotunda lobby under the hotel, with a mural by Danish artist Valdemar Kjoldgaard in the lobby. The auditorium is in an adjacent structure on the eastern part of the site, near 75th Street and Amsterdam Avenue. The auditorium's side walls have ornate arched doorways and murals, while the multicolored ceiling has a chandelier. The proscenium arch has Greek columns and is flanked by large statues. The orchestra pit has a Wurlitzer organ, one of three in Manhattan.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The theater was originally proposed in January 1927 as the Roxy Midway Theatre. Roxy severed his involvement and Warner Bros. took over the theater, opening it on December 24, 1929. The Central Amusement Corporation took over the Beacon in 1932, and Brandt Theatres assumed operation in 1944, running it for three decades. The theater started presenting live entertainment in 1966, and Steven Singer and Barry Kerr renovated it into a rock venue in 1974. After Singer's bankruptcy, Kazuko Hillyer turned the theater into a performing arts center in 1976. Following a failed attempt to convert the Beacon into a nightclub and restaurant in 1986, the theater remained in use as a live music and entertainment venue. Madison Square Garden Entertainment took over in 2006 and renovated the Beacon shortly afterward.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: Over the years, the Beacon has hosted numerous concerts. Some acts have appeared for extended residencies, including the Allman Brothers Band. It has also hosted other types of live performances, including dance troupes and plays. The Beacon has additionally been used for broadcasts, tapings, films, and ceremonies such as the Tony Awards.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The Beacon Theatre is at 2124 Broadway, on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City, along the east side of the avenue between West 74th and 75th Streets. The theater is part of the Hotel Beacon building and was designed by Walter W. Ahlschlager for Samuel L. "Roxy" Rothafel. The Beacon's auditorium is mostly along the rear of the hotel, facing Amsterdam Avenue to the east and 75th Street to the north, although the main entrance is on Broadway to the west. The theater and hotel are near several other buildings such as The Ansonia apartments to the southwest, The Astor apartments to the northwest, and the Central Savings Bank Building to the south.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The Beacon Theatre had been designed as a miniature version of the earlier Roxy Theatre in Midtown Manhattan, which Ahlschlager also designed. Whereas the Roxy Theatre had been designed with Moorish and Renaissance-inspired elements, the Beacon contains a variety of styles, including Renaissance, Ancient Roman, Ancient Greek, and Rococo-inspired elements. Danish artist Valdemar Kjoldgaard designed numerous murals for the Beacon as well. When the theater opened, "Women's Wear Daily" described Kjoldgaard's murals as being "themselves worth a king's ransom". A reporter described the theater in general as "a true bit of on Broadway", while another critic called the theater's interior "like walking into an Arab sheik's tent".


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The Beacon Theatre's entrance and lobby are within the hotel building, while the auditorium is in its own structure to the east. The hotel's facade is plain in design, and the theater's entrance is on the southern section of the hotel's Broadway facade. Above the theater's marquee, the hotel building contains arched windows on the second floor and a brick facade on upper stories.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The facade of the auditorium faces 75th Street and Amsterdam Avenue, where the first floor is made of stone and the upper stories are made of brick. Both facades have blind openings without any windows. There are horizontal band courses above the first and fifth floors, corresponding to those on the hotel's facade, as well as an arcade near the auditorium's roof. On 75th Street, there is a large arch at the center of the facade, with a stone frame, along with three blind arches on the fifth-story band course above it. On Amsterdam Avenue, there is a large stone-framed ogee arch at the fifth story, along with four blind arches to the sides. A stepped gable rises atop the auditorium's Amsterdam Avenue facade.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: Under the theater's marquee is a semicircular outdoor ticket lobby with tile flooring, which is recessed from the sidewalk. There is a ticket booth in the middle of the outdoor ticket lobby. The ticket booth was originally gilded and was made of marble, glass, and metal. Prior to its renovation in 2009, the ticket booth had been painted over several times. East of the outdoor ticket booth are glass and metal doors, topped by transom windows, which lead to an indoor vestibule. This vestibule has a low ceiling with lamps and Renaissance-style molded bands. The north wall contains mirrors and signs, while the south wall has another ticket booth and an office. The doors to the west (leading from the street) and to the east (leading to the main lobby) both curve into the vestibule.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: East of the vestibule is a circular rotunda with Rococo-inspired decorations. The rotunda ceiling is as high as the auditorium itself; it contains moldings of rosettes and coffers, as well as a large chandelier hanging from its center. The western wall of the rotunda, which leads from the entrance vestibule, contains fluted pilasters on either side. Above the doorways is a landscape mural by Valdemar Kjoldgaard. Some time before a renovation in 2008, the mural had been covered with wallpaper, though the artwork was restored during the renovation. On the eastern wall of the rotunda is a passageway flanked by Ionic-style pilasters, which reach from the floor to the ceiling. Above the passageway is a decorative panel, as well as an archway with full-height colonettes on the mezzanine and balcony levels.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: On either side of the passageway on the rotunda's eastern wall are Rococo-style stairways. The lowest flight connects to the mezzanine level. Two more flights provide access to both the bottom and the top rows of the steeply raked balcony.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The auditorium has three levels of seating and a proscenium arch. The space is designed with both sculpted decorations and murals by Kjoldgaard. , the Beacon Theatre has 2,894 seats. The theater's operator, MSG Entertainment, classifies the mezzanine level directly above the orchestra as a loge level. Two stories above the orchestra is the balcony level, which is divided into two sections: a lower balcony in the front and an upper balcony in the back. When the theater opened, there was a smoking-room balcony behind the auditorium, with ventilation ducts in the ceiling. There was also a fireproof projection booth in the rear. The original seats were characterized as "fully upholstered" folding seats with large amounts of legroom.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The side walls of the orchestra contain ornate arched doorways. Above each of the arches are theatrical masks, which are flanked by swags and cartouches. Above these arches are the balcony's side walls, which are divided into two bays by fluted pilasters. Each bay contains a piece of a mural by Kjoldgaard; according to the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, these represent "oriental scenes with caravans of elephants, camels, and traders". The ceiling above the front of the auditorium contains a red, gold, green, and blue color scheme and is designed to resemble the draped roof of a tent. A Venetian-style chandelier hangs from the center of the ceiling.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The proscenium arch consists of Doric-style columns on either side, supporting the top of the proscenium. The latticework of the proscenium had openings for the sound coming from the theater's organ. Flanking the proscenium are bronze female figures, which measure and depict Greek goddesses. "Women's Wear Daily" described these figures as "heroic-size bronzes of Amazons with spear and shield". Above the proscenium are green and gold plaster draperies. The theater originally had a curtain that contemporary media described as the only "contour curtain" in a movie theater in the United States.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The Beacon also retains its original Wurlitzer organ in its orchestra pit. The organ was manufactured in 1928 and contains four manuals and 19 ranks. The Beacon is one of three theaters in Manhattan that retains its original organ, along with Radio City Music Hall and the United Palace. The organ was abandoned by the early 1960s, but it was not removed because the removal cost was too high for the theater's operators. The organ was restored in 1967 and remained in use at the Beacon until it was sealed in 2009.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: Movie palaces became common in the 1920s, between the end of World War I and the beginning of the Great Depression. In the New York City area, only a small number of operators were involved in the construction of movie palaces. Relatively few architects were responsible for these theaters' designs, including Walter Ahlschlager, Thomas W. Lamb, C. Howard Crane, and John Eberson. Samuel "Roxy" Rothafel was a successful theater operator who was prominent in the city's movie theater industry, having built the 5,920-seat Roxy Theatre on 50th Street in midtown during 1927. The Chanin brothers also had some experience in theatrical development, having built six Broadway theaters in the mid-1920s.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The Chanins acquired a site on 75th Street between Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue in 1925 for the construction of a hotel and an attached theater. Two years later, in January 1927, the Chanins sold the site to the Havemeyer Construction Company. Film producer Herbert Lubin negotiated the sale on behalf of Roxy, who would operate the theater on the site, known as the Roxy Midway Theatre. Roxy retained Ahlschlager to design the new hotel and theater, and the Chanins were hired as the consulting engineers for the project. The sale came one month after Lubin established the Roxy Circuit, which planned to operate numerous movie theaters in New York City, with the midtown Roxy Theatre as its flagship. In April 1928, S. W. Straus & Company underwrote a $4.45 million loan on the Midway project, which at the time was nearly completed. An airway beacon was placed on top of the hotel, and the project was renamed the Midway Beacon, a name that was kept as late as June 1928.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The Roxy Circuit never operated the Midway Theatre because, in July 1928, the company sued to get out of its lease. None of the other planned theaters in the Roxy Circuit were ever built, in part because of the start of the Great Depression shortly afterward. The "New York Herald Tribune" was using the "Beacon" name exclusively by June 1929. At the time, Warner Theatres was considering acquiring the theater, which had been completed for a year but was unused. After RKO Pictures considered leasing the Beacon, Warner Theatres ultimately bought the theater in November 1929, turning it into a first-run showcase for Warner Bros. films on the Upper West Side. Warner Theatres then conducted changes to the acoustical properties of the auditorium to accommodate sound films. Warner Bros. unsuccessfully attempted to obtain the rights to screen First National Pictures films at the new Beacon. The renamed Warner's Beacon Theatre opened on December 24, 1929, with the talking picture "Tiger Rose" featuring Lupe Vélez.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: Originally, the Beacon played one motion picture per week, which ran continuously from 11:30 a.m. to 11:30 p.m. Among the early films screened at the Beacon were "Once a Gentleman" (1930), "A Soldier's Plaything" (1931), and "The Lawless Woman" (1931). The Chanins took over the Beacon Hotel and Theatre in April 1930, four months after the theater had opened. Amid speculation that the Chanins might redevelop the site (in the past eleven years, the brothers had torn down every structure that they had bought), Irwin Chanin announced that the Beacon Hotel and Theatre would remain operational. The Beacon Enterprise Company, in which Warner Bros. owned 75 percent of the stock, was subsequently recorded as having leased the theater. The Beacon was one of several movie theaters that Warner Bros. operated along Broadway; the others included the Warners, Hollywood, Winter Garden, and Strand.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: At the end of January 1932, Warner Bros.' operating lease on the Beacon Theatre expired, and the Central Amusement Corporation took over. The Chanins said the new management allowed the Beacon to show movies from more than one producer. The Beacon largely continued to produce straight pictures, but it also broadened its offerings to radio broadcasts, such as Tru Blu Beer's "Broadway Bandwagon" in 1935. To recruit soldiers during World War II, the United States Army exhibited a mortar and a machine gun in the Beacon's rotunda lobby while playing a short film in the auditorium. The theater also hosted bond-buying events during the war. Brandt Theatres acquired the Beacon in 1944 as the 120th theater in its chain. Two years later, the Beacon began presenting films and stage performances for children during Saturday matinees.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The Beacon implemented a policy of presenting only first runs at the end of 1948; the British picture "Don't Take It to Heart" was the first to be screened under this policy. During 1949, the films shown under this policy included double features such as "Easy Money"/"My Brother's Keeper", as well as traditional single features like "A Yank Comes Back" and "Temptation Harbour". The Beacon continued to show double features throughout the 1950s, such as "The Frightened Bride"/"The Caretaker's Daughter" in 1953. The Beacon also screened Warner Bros. films. This caused a dispute in 1959, when the owners of the nearby Embassy Theatre filed a lawsuit, alleging that Warner Bros. had showed favoritism by selling distribution rights for three films to the Beacon rather than to the high bidders, the Embassy. Starting in 1962, the Beacon also showed United Artists pictures through the UA's "Premiere Showcase"; the first film shown under this program was "Hong Kong".


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: In January 1966, Brandt announced that the Beacon would present legitimate plays along with films. The first live show under this policy, a Yiddish vaudeville show, was canceled after two days. The next year, members of the American Association of Theatre Organ Enthusiasts restored the Beacon's long-unused organ. The Beacon then screened silent pictures accompanied by organ music, starting with "The General". By then, "Boxoffice" magazine characterized the Beacon as one of the Upper West Side's few movie palaces that remained in theatrical use. The Beacon also continued to screen talking pictures such as "Ulysses", as well as live shows including a ballet production in 1968. The Beacon implemented a "first second run" policy in 1971, showing reruns of films that had just premiered (as opposed to reruns that had already been shown at other theaters). Accordingly, the Beacon reduced its ticket prices to $1.00–1.50, even as its competitors retained higher ticket prices. Though the reduced ticket prices increased the theater's income by 15 to 20 percent, the Beacon's owners were looking to sell the theater.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: Following the closure of rock venue Fillmore East, Bow Wow Productions proposed hosting rock concerts at the Beacon in 1971. The concert series began later that year, and the theater charged ticket prices of up to $7.50 on these shows. The Beacon's concerts in 1971 tended not to have long runs due to disagreements between promoters and the theater's operators. By the early 1970s, the theater was still showing movies but was dimly lit and deteriorating. In March 1974, the Beacon was leased by Vidicoth Systems, a company operated by Steven Singer and Barry Kerr. The new operators spent $250,000 on renovations, including $75,000 on a new sound system. The operators reupholstered the seats, installed new carpets, and repainted the ceiling and statues. The theater continued to show movies until the renovations were finished.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: When the Beacon reopened in October 1974, Stephen Metz took over the theater's bookings, using the Beacon primarily for rock concerts. A writer for "Newsday" said of the Beacon: "A rock ballroom is not just what Manhattan needs, but that may be what it's getting." By the next year, the Beacon had gained a reputation as a rock venue. A "New York Amsterdam News" reporter said in 1976 that the Beacon "has transcended a galaxy of live-entertainment theaters" and had become a competitor to the Apollo Theater in Harlem. Some residents raised complaints about the noise and crowds at the rock concerts, though Singer and Metz addressed most of these complaints. Singer and Metz formed a firm in August 1976, Singmet, which produced some of its own shows for the Beacon. The theater was closed in 1976 after Singer and Metz went bankrupt, and it was planned to be replaced by a supermarket.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: Kazuko Hillyer announced plans in February 1977 to convert the Beacon into a performing arts center. Hillyer, a Japanese-American, said she wanted to make the theater "a center for the two heritages we all have". Hillyer immediately booked dance shows for the Beacon, and she intended to spend $75,000 on renovations. The same year, Concert Arts Society was recorded as having leased the theater for 15 years. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) designated the Beacon Theatre as an interior landmark on December 11, 1979, citing the theater's "dramatic effects of rich ornamental details". 50/50 Productions, a company operated by Steve Martin, took over the Beacon's bookings in October 1981 and booked jazz and contemporary musicians for the theater. Martin wanted to stage Broadway shows at the theater, but he faced competition from the Shubert Organization and the Nederlander Organization, the two largest operators of Broadway theaters. The Beacon was renovated in 1982, and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places the same year. The theater was renovated again in 1985.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: Andy Feltz became the Beacon's manager in 1986. That February, the theater's owners announced plans to convert the Beacon into a nightclub and restaurant with a discotheque. At the time, the Beacon was the only mid-sized live-concert venue in Manhattan; the two other similarly sized venues in the borough, Avery Fisher Hall and Carnegie Hall, were largely used for classical music. The operator of the planned nightclub, Olivier Coquelin, said he and his architect Charles A. Platt (a former LPC commissioner) had chosen the Beacon Theatre for conversion specifically because of its landmark status. Coquelin's company signed a seven-year lease for the theater that April. The nightclub would be built as a freestanding structure within the auditorium, thus reducing the need to modify the protected interior spaces. Area residents expressed concerns that the renovations would damage the landmarked design features. Preservationists and community groups, including the Committee to Save the Beacon Theatre, organized in opposition to the plans.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The LPC voted to approve the plan in July 1986. Afterward, Coquelin said he would need to spend $3 million to renovate the theater because of its deteriorated condition. The city rejected the conversion proposal that December because the planned dance floor was too large under zoning regulations. The city government approved the plan after the dance floor's size was reduced. Two benefit concerts were hosted to fund the groups that opposed the theater's conversion. In September 1987, a New York Supreme Court judge overturned the LPC's approval of the conversion on the grounds that it would threaten the quality of the theater's architecture. During this time, the Beacon was still hosting concerts; along with the Apollo, it was one of two venues in Manhattan with frequent rock, pop, and soul concerts. The theater's operators filed an appeal of the Supreme Court's ruling in October 1988. The New York Court of Appeals overturned the Supreme Court decision, sending the plan back to the LPC.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: By 1989, the theater's operators no longer intended to turn the theater into a nightclub, having hired MSG Entertainment as the theater's exclusive booking agent for several years. The Committee to Save the Beacon Theatre expressed optimism but continued to monitor the theater's usage. Following the efforts of the Committee to Save the Beacon Theatre, Nanci Callahan founded the West Side Cultural Center, which was to stage children's programming, dances, and operas at the Beacon. In late 1991, the Beacon was temporarily converted into an IMAX theater; the IMAX format's large screen necessitated that most of the seats be closed off due to poor sightlines. The theater was then refurbished again in the early 1990s for rock concerts.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: Feltz continued to manage the Beacon until 2006. That November, the theater was leased for 20 years to MSG Entertainment's parent company Cablevision, which also leased Radio City Music Hall and owned Madison Square Garden. Cablevision committed at least $10 million toward a future restoration of the Beacon, which closed for a major renovation in August 2007. Beyer Blinder Belle was hired for the project, fixing longstanding issues such as a leaking roof and damage to original decorations. The restoration also involved replacing the electrical system, upholstering the seats, restoring decorations in the lobby and the auditorium, and upgrading backstage functions. The workers restored features such as the Broadway ticket booth, which had been painted over numerous times, and the chandelier above the auditorium, which had been hanging from a coffee tin. The project involved 1,000 workers and was completed in February 2009 for $16 million.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: MSG Entertainment split from Cablevision in mid-2009 but continued to operate the Beacon Theatre and its other venues. The Beacon's lighting system was upgraded in 2014 to accommodate the venue's events, which at the time included concerts, comedy, broadcasts, and film screenings. The Beacon Theatre closed temporarily in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, reopening in July 2021 after over a year.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: After the Beacon Theatre started presenting live performances, it became one of the most popular concert halls in New York City. In addition, it has hosted other types of live events such as comedy specials. By 2006, the theater hosted about 70 performances a year; box-office figures were available for 52 of these events, which collectively grossed $8 million and had 136,000 total patrons. During the Beacon's 2008 renovation, "The New York Times" referred to the venue as the "Carnegie Hall of rock rooms".


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The theater has long hosted R&B, pop, and jam bands and rock concerts. Early in the Beacon's history as a venue for live show, it hosted concert appearances such as those of rock band Steve Miller Band, blues singer Dr. John, soul singer Wilson Pickett, and pop singer Tina Turner. When the theater was briefly used as a rock venue in the mid-1970s, several rock bands had appearances at the Beacon, including Supertramp, Queen (as part of their A Night at the Opera Tour), Grateful Dead, and Return to Forever. Additional concerts in the 1970s included a three-night appearance by singer Carole King in 1976. After Kazuko Hillyer took over in 1977, she moved her Coffee Concerts to the Beacon from Alice Tully Hall. Under Hillyer's operation, the theater also hosted acts such as Canadian Brass and Peter Schickele in 1978.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: Among the Beacon's concert bookings in the early 1980s were those by jazz trumpeter Miles Davis, R&B singer Millie Jackson, bluegrass acts Osborne Brothers and Jim & Jesse, and jazz musicians Sarah Vaughan and Zoot Sims. Other acts during the decade included gospel singers Al Green and Shirley Caesar, pop musician Laurie Anderson, pop/jazz guitarist Earl Klugh, juju singer King Sunny Adé, and jazz singer Cab Calloway. In the early 1990s, the Beacon hosted such musical offerings as folk-rock duo Indigo Girls, a rock-and-soul revue, a concert with several country performers, singer Tracy Chapman, pop rock band Crowded House, and gospel singers BeBe Winans and CeCe Winans. The latter half of the decade saw appearances by performers including rock musician Ian Anderson, jazz tenor Sonny Rollins, Italian blues singer Zucchero Fornaciari, as well as a classical music concert.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: Concert performances continued in the early 2000s, including those by singer Liza Minnelli, the Wynton Marsalis Septet, singers Norah Jones and Gillian Welch, rock band Radiohead, and blues musician Bonnie Raitt. Paul Simon gave the first performances at the Beacon after it reopened in 2009, and Leonard Cohen performed the same year. Artists who performed at the Beacon in the 2010s included Goldfrapp, Fiona Apple, Cat Stevens, Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets, and The Tragically Hip.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The rock band the Allman Brothers Band was at one point the most frequent performer at the Beacon, appearing there nearly every year from 1989 to 2014. After their first performance in 1989, the band returned in 1992 1994, and annually after 1996; a "New York Times" article in 2002 called the band's performances "as sure a sign of spring as the reappearance of robins and bellybuttons". The band recorded a live album at the theater in March 2000, releasing "Peakin' at the Beacon" that November. In 2009, the Allman Brothers Band celebrated its 40th anniversary at the Beacon with shows dedicated to the band's founder and original frontman, Duane Allman. The band could not perform at the Beacon in 2010 because the theater was hosting an extended run of a Cirque du Soleil production, but the band was invited back in 2011. The band played the final show of its career at the Beacon Theatre on October 28, 2014, after 238 total concerts at the theater.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: Other bands and musicians have also had residencies at the Beacon. The band Hot Tuna performed annually through the 1990s and 2000s, and rock band Steely Dan has also had many residencies at the theater. From 2014 to 2017, singer Mariah Carey hosted her annual residency at the Beacon, featuring songs from her Christmas albums "Merry Christmas" and "Merry Christmas II You" alongside some of her biggest hits. The first leg of Carey's residency commenced in December 2014, followed by performances in 2015, 2016, and 2017. Bob Dylan has also had numerous annual residencies at the Beacon Theatre, and guitarist Trey Anastasio performed an eight-week virtual residency called "The Beacon Jams" in late 2020.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The first live show in the Beacon's modern history was the Yiddish vaudeville "Bagels & Yox", which closed after two days in 1967. The Beacon hosted a performance of Erik Satie's symphonic drama "Socrate" in 1967, in tribute to the mobile artist Alexander Calder, featuring a recreation of Calder's set for a 1936 production of the work. During the early 1970s, the Beacon featured weekly professional wrestling matches. When the Beacon operated as a performing arts center in the late 1970s, it hosted appearances by dance companies such as the Alwin Nikolais Dance Theatre, the Murray Louis Dance Company, the Grand Kabuki troupe of Japan, and a festival called "Ballet at the Beacon". During that era, the Beacon also hosted another performance of "Socrate" alongside the opera "Four Saints in Three Acts", as well as an Elizabeth Swados musical with a cast composed entirely of children.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: In the early 1980s, the Beacon continued to host dance and musical performances, including the National Dance Company of Senegal, an annual Hasidic Song Festival, the Guangdong Yue Opera, and a production of the opera cycle "Der Ring des Nibelungen". Michaele Vollbracht held a fashion show at the Beacon in 1982, although the theater's stage was poorly equipped to host such events. Near the end of the decade, the theater also hosted the melodrama "1000 Airplanes on the Roof". Live performances in the 1990s included a production of the musical "The Wiz" with an all-Black cast in 1993 and a comedy routine by Sandra Bernhard in 1994. The 14th Dalai Lama also gave two series of lectures at the Beacon in 1999 and 2003.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The Beacon continued to host plays, musicals, and other live acts in the 21st century. These included the children's musical "Questionable Quest" in 2000; Tyler Perry's play "Madea Goes to Jail" in 2005; and Perry's off-Broadway drama "The Marriage Counselor" in 2009. Cirque du Soleil staged the short-lived vaudeville-based show "Banana Shpeel" at the Beacon in 2010, and the musical "The Lightning Thief" had performances at the Beacon before opening on Broadway in 2019. In addition, comedian Jerry Seinfeld started a residency at the Beacon in 2015, and comedian Ali Wong appeared at the theater in 2021.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The theater's stage has hosted a variety of broadcasts and films. For example, VH1 broadcast its popular production "Divas Live" from there in 1998 and 1999. Many of George Carlin's HBO comedy specials were broadcast from or filmed at the Beacon, including "You Are All Diseased" (1999). Conan O'Brien taped his "Late Night" 10th anniversary special at the theater in 2003, and O'Brien briefly returned in late 2011 to tape shows for his series "Conan".


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: Some of the concerts at the Beacon have been taped as well. Duran Duran recorded a live concert at the Beacon on August 31, 1987, called "Live at the Beacon Theatre". The theater was also used in late 2006 for the filming of "Shine a Light", a film of a live concert by the Rolling Stones. Joan Baez celebrated her 75th birthday with a concert at the theater on January 27, 2016, which was broadcast on PBS's "Great Performances" and released on CD and DVD. She also included the theater in her worldwide Fare Thee Well tour with three concerts in September 2018 and in May 2019.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: Even after being converted into a live-performance venue in the 1970s, the Beacon still occasionally hosted film screenings. These included a series of Cuban films in 1978, a marathon run of Russian films in 1979, and a "worst-film festival" in 1980. The theater also hosted a silent-film festival in 1985, accompanied by music from the organ, as well as the film "Koyaanisqatsi" with a live accompaniment in 1988. The Beacon was temporarily converted to an IMAX theater for the screening of the film "Stones at the Max" in 1991. Some film screenings continued at the Beacon through the 21st century, such as the film "Walk the Line" in 2005 and a premiere of the film "Suicide Squad" in 2016. The Beacon has also hosted some films for the annual Tribeca Film Festival, including "Love, Gilda" in 2018 and "Apocalypse Now" in 2019.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The Beacon has hosted several tributes. These included a memorial to actor John Barrymore in 1982; a show in honor of jazz musician Duke Ellington in 1989; and the Zappa Plays Zappa concert in 2006, a tribute to musician Frank Zappa. The Beacon has also been used for parties, such as a 1988 event to celebrate the opening of the Broadway musical "The Phantom of the Opera", as well as a birthday party for then-U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton in 2006.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The Beacon has also been used for benefits. For example, in 1975, the theater hosted a jazz concert to fund opposition to Riverside Church's planned sale of its radio station WRVR-FM. A concert was hosted in December 1986 to fund opposition to the Beacon Theatre's proposed conversion into a nightclub, followed by another concert in June 1987 for the same purpose. The biennial autism-awareness benefit "Night of Too Many Stars", hosted by Jon Stewart, has also been hosted at the Beacon several times, including in 2008, 2010, and 2015.


title: Beacon Theatre (New York City)

text: The Beacon Theatre started hosting the New York Music Awards in 1987, the year after the award had been founded. The awards were hosted annually at the Beacon until 1992. The Broadway League temporarily relocated the Tony Awards, the annual ceremony for Broadway theatre, to the Beacon in the early 2010s due to prior bookings at the ceremony's traditional home, Radio City Music Hall. The Beacon thus hosted the 65th Tony Awards in 2011; the theater also hosted the 66th Tony Awards in 2012 because the Beacon had a "multi-year contract" with the Tonys, Another extended run at the Music Hall forced the Tonys to again relocate to the Beacon in 2016, when the theater hosted the 70th Tony Awards.


title: So Tonight That I Might See

text: So Tonight That I Might See is the second studio album by American alternative rock band Mazzy Star, released on October 5, 1993.


title: So Tonight That I Might See

text: The album's first track, "Fade into You", became the band's first and only single to make the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, peaking at number 44, and also charted at number 48 on the UK Singles Chart.


title: So Tonight That I Might See

text: In a highly positive review, Steve Hochman of the "Los Angeles Times" called "So Tonight That I Might See" "far more narcotic and hypnotic than anything the whole techno-trance universe has digitally blipped up to date." "NME" described it as an "even more lustrous, becalmed work" than "She Hangs Brightly", later placing it at number 44 on its year-end list of the best albums of 1993. Lorraine Ali of "Rolling Stone" was more critical, writing that the album's initially intriguing qualities grow "increasingly monotonous", while Robert Christgau of "The Village Voice" dismissed the album as a "dud".


title: So Tonight That I Might See

text: AllMusic critic Ned Raggett retrospectively wrote that "So Tonight That I Might See" "remains the group's undisputed high point, mixing in plenty of variety among its tracks without losing sight of what made the group so special to begin with". In 2010, "Pitchfork" listed the track "Fade into You" at number 19 on its list of the top 200 tracks of the 1990s. In 2018, the website ranked "So Tonight That I Might See" at number two on its list of the 30 best dream pop albums.


title: Magnification

text: Magnification is the process of enlarging the apparent size, not physical size, of something. This enlargement is quantified by a calculated number also called "magnification". When this number is less than one, it refers to a reduction in size, sometimes called "minification" or "de-magnification".


title: Magnification

text: Typically, magnification is related to scaling up visuals or images to be able to see more detail, increasing resolution, using microscope, printing techniques, or digital processing. In all cases, the magnification of the image does not change the perspective of the image.


title: Magnification

text: Optical magnification is the ratio between the apparent size of an object (or its size in an image) and its true size, and thus it is a dimensionless number. Optical magnification is sometimes referred to as "power" (for example "10× power"), although this can lead to confusion with optical power.


title: Magnification

text: For real images, such as images projected on a screen, "size" means a linear dimension (measured, for example, in millimeters or inches).


title: Magnification

text: For optical instruments with an eyepiece, the linear dimension of the image seen in the eyepiece (virtual image at infinite distance) cannot be given, thus "size" means the angle subtended by the object at the focal point (angular size). Strictly speaking, one should take the tangent of that angle (in practice, this makes a difference only if the angle is larger than a few degrees). Thus, angular magnification is given by:


title: Magnification

text: where formula_2 is the angle subtended by the object at the front focal point of the objective and formula_3 is the angle subtended by the image at the rear focal point of the eyepiece.


title: Magnification

text: For example, the mean angular size of the Moon's disk as viewed from Earth's surface is about 0.52°. Thus, through binoculars with 10× magnification, the Moon appears to subtend an angle of about 5.2°.


title: Magnification

text: By convention, for magnifying glasses and optical microscopes, where the size of the object is a linear dimension and the apparent size is an angle, the magnification is the ratio between the apparent (angular) size as seen in the eyepiece and the angular size of the object when placed at the conventional closest distance of distinct vision: 25 cm from the eye.


title: Magnification

text: where formula_5 is the focal length and formula_6 is the distance from the lens to the object. Note that for real images, formula_7 is negative and the image is inverted. For virtual images, formula_7 is positive and the image is upright.


title: Magnification

text: With formula_9 being the distance from the lens to the image, formula_10 the height of the image and formula_11 the height of the object, the magnification can also be written as:


title: Magnification

text: The image recorded by a photographic film or image sensor is always a real image and is usually inverted. When measuring the height of an inverted image using the cartesian sign convention (where the x-axis is the optical axis) the value for "h" will be negative, and as a result "M" will also be negative. However, the traditional sign convention used in photography is "real is positive, virtual is negative". Therefore, in photography: Object height and distance are always "real" and positive. When the focal length is positive the image's height, distance and magnification are "real" and positive. Only if the focal length is negative, the image's height, distance and magnification are "virtual" and negative. Therefore, the "photographic magnification" formulae are traditionally presented as


title: Magnification

text: In Photography, magnification rate often present in 1X, 2X, etc. Or sometimes would be in form of ratio(0.5:1, 1:1, 2:1, etc.). Same lens may react different in magnification rate when using different sensors.


title: Magnification

text: The maximum angular magnification (compared to the naked eye) of a magnifying glass depends on how the glass and the object are held, relative to the eye. If the lens is held at a distance from the object such that its front focal point is on the object being viewed, the relaxed eye (focused to infinity) can view the image with angular magnification


title: Magnification

text: Here, formula_15 is the focal length of the lens in centimeters. The constant 25 cm is an estimate of the "near point" distance of the eye—the closest distance at which the healthy naked eye can focus. In this case the angular magnification is independent from the distance kept between the eye and the magnifying glass.


title: Magnification

text: If instead the lens is held very close to the eye and the object is placed closer to the lens than its focal point so that the observer focuses on the near point, a larger angular magnification can be obtained, approaching


title: Magnification

text: A different interpretation of the working of the latter case is that the magnifying glass changes the diopter of the eye (making it myopic) so that the object can be placed closer to the eye resulting in a larger angular magnification.


title: Magnification

text: where formula_18 is the magnification of the objective and formula_19 the magnification of the eyepiece. The magnification of the objective depends on its focal length formula_20 and on the distance formula_21 between objective back focal plane and the focal plane of the eyepiece (called the tube length):


title: Magnification

text: The magnification of the eyepiece depends upon its focal length formula_23 and is calculated by the same equation as that of a magnifying glass (above).


title: Magnification

text: Note that both astronomical telescopes as well as simple microscopes produce an inverted image, thus the equation for the magnification of a telescope or microscope is often given with a minus sign.


title: Magnification

text: in which formula_20 is the focal length of the objective lens in a refractor or of the primary mirror in a reflector, and formula_23 is the focal length of the eyepiece.


title: Magnification

text: Measuring the actual angular magnification of a telescope is difficult, but it is possible to use the reciprocal relationship between the linear magnification and the angular magnification, since the linear magnification is constant for all objects.


title: Magnification

text: The telescope is focused correctly for viewing objects at the distance for which the angular magnification is to be determined and then the object glass is used as an object the image of which is known as the exit pupil. The diameter of this may be measured using an instrument known as a Ramsden dynameter which consists of a Ramsden eyepiece with micrometer hairs in the back focal plane. This is mounted in front of the telescope eyepiece and used to evaluate the diameter of the exit pupil. This will be much smaller than the object glass diameter, which gives the linear magnification (actually a reduction), the angular magnification can be determined from


title: Magnification

text: a maximum magnification exists beyond which the image looks bigger but shows no more detail. It occurs when the finest detail the instrument can resolve is magnified to match the finest detail the eye can see. Magnification beyond this maximum is sometimes called "empty magnification".


title: Magnification

text: For a good quality telescope operating in good atmospheric conditions, the maximum usable magnification is limited by diffraction. In practice it is considered to be 2× the aperture in millimetres or 50× the aperture in inches; so, a 60mm diameter telescope has a maximum usable magnification of 120×.


title: Magnification

text: With an optical microscope having a high numerical aperture and using oil immersion, the best possible resolution is 200 nm corresponding to a magnification of around 1200×. Without oil immersion, the maximum usable magnification is around 800×. For details, see limitations of optical microscopes.


title: Magnification

text: Small, cheap telescopes and microscopes are sometimes supplied with the eyepieces that give magnification far higher than is usable.


title: Magnification

text: Magnification figures on pictures displayed in print or online can be misleading. Editors of journals and magazines routinely resize images to fit the page, making any magnification number provided in the figure legend incorrect. Images displayed on a computer screen change size based on the size of the screen. A scale bar (or micron bar) is a bar of stated length superimposed on a picture. When the picture is resized the bar will be resized in proportion. If a picture has a scale bar, the actual magnification can easily be calculated. Where the scale (magnification) of an image is important or relevant, including a scale bar is preferable to stating magnification.


title: Pan-Arab colors

text: The Pan-Arab colors are black, white, green and red. Individually, each of the four Pan-Arab colors were intended to represent a certain aspect of the Arabs and their history.


title: Pan-Arab colors

text: The black represents the Black Standard used by the Rashidun Caliphate and the Abbasid Caliphate, while white was the dynastic color of the Umayyad Caliphate. Green is a color associated with the primary religion of Islam – and therefore also a color representative of the Rashidun Caliphate. Green is also identified as the color of the Fatimid Caliphate by some modern sources, but that is not correct: their dynastic color was white. Finally, red was the Hashemite dynastic color. The four colors also derived their potency from a verse by 14th century Arab poet Safi al-Din al-Hilli: "White are our acts, black our battles, green our fields, and red our swords."


title: Pan-Arab colors

text: Pan-Arab colors, used individually in the past, were first combined in 1916 in the flag of the Arab Revolt or Flag of Hejaz, designed by the British diplomat Sir Mark Sykes. Many current flags are based on Arab Revolt colors, such as the flags of Jordan, Kuwait, Palestine, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, and the United Arab Emirates.


title: Pan-Arab colors

text: In the 1950s, a subset of the Pan-Arab colors, the Arab Liberation colors, came to prominence. These consist of a tricolor of red, white and black bands, with green given less prominence or not included. The "Arab Liberation tricolor" or the "Arab Liberation Flag" was mainly inspired by the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 and Egypt's official flag under president Mohamed Naguib. which became the basis for the current flags of Egypt, Iraq, Sudan, Syria and Yemen (and formerly in the flags of the rival states of North Yemen and South Yemen), and in the short-lived Arab unions of the United Arab Republic and the Federation of Arab Republics.


title: Pro rata

text: Pro rata is an adverb or adjective meaning in equal portions or in proportion. The term is used in many legal and economic contexts. The hyphenated spelling pro-rata for the adjective form is common, as recommended for adjectives by some English-language style guides. In American English this term has been vernacularized to prorated or pro-rated.


title: Pro rata

text: Pro rata has a Latin etymology, from "pro", according to, for, or by, and "rata", feminine ablative of calculated (rate or change).


title: Pro rata

text: When liability for a toxic tort or a defective product concerns many manufacturers, the liability under tort law is allocated pro rata.


title: Pro rata

text: Each of several partners "is liable for [her or his] own share or proportion only, they are said to be bound "pro rata". An example ... may be found in the liability of partners; each is liable ... only "pro rata" in relation to between themselves."


title: Pro rata

text: When a debtor files for bankruptcy, and "the debtor is insolvent, creditors generally agree to accept a pro rata share of what is owed to them. If the debtor has any remaining funds, the money is divided proportionately among the creditors, according to the amount of the individual debts." "A creditor of an insolvent estate is to be paid pro rata with creditors of the same class."


title: Pro rata

text: A worker's part-time work, overtime pay, and vacation time are typically calculated on a pro rata basis.


title: Pro rata

text: Under US Federal regulations, a government worker has the right such that: "When an employee's service is interrupted by a non-leave earning period, leave is earned on a pro rata basis for each fractional pay period that occurs within the continuity of employment."


title: Pro rata

text: The American Federation of Teachers (AFT), a US labor union, argues that "all" part-time or adjunct instructors should get pro-rata pay for teaching college courses. This is an important issue, as of 2010, for part-time faculty.


title: Pro rata

text: Under British employment law, "Regulations state that, where appropriate, the pro rata principle should be applied to any comparison ... to be given ... holiday."


title: Pro rata

text: Likewise, in Tasmania, Australia, the law clearly grants workers the privilege of part-time benefits for leave of absence. This is granted under the "Long Service Leave Act 1976".


title: Pro rata

text: In corporate practice, "a pro-rata dividend means that every shareholder gets an equal proportion for each share he or she owns."


title: Pro rata

text: In banking, "Pro-rating also refers to the practice of applying interest rates to different time frames. If the interest rate was 12% per annum, you could pro-rate this number to be 1% a month (12%/12 months)."


title: Pro rata

text: In venture capital, it can refer to the Pro-Rata Participation right and mean "the right to continue to participate in future rounds so that you can maintain your ownership."


title: Pro rata

text: In insurance, "pro rata" is used to determine risk based on the time the insurance policy is in effect. It may also be used to describe "proportional liability" when more than one person is responsible for a loss or accident.


title: Pro rata

text: Calculation of return premium of a cancelled insurance policy is often done using a cancellation method called "pro rata". First a return premium factor is calculated by taking the number of days remaining in the policy period divided by the number of total days of the policy. This factor is then multiplied by the policy premium to arrive at the return premium. Traditionally this has been done manually using a paper wheel calculator. Today it is normally done using an online wheel calculator.


title: Pro rata

text: In the United States, a private pilot may pay no less than the pro rata share of the total price of the flight when carrying passengers.


title: Texas Killing Fields (film)

text: Texas Killing Fields (also known as The Fields) is a 2011 American crime film directed by Ami Canaan Mann and starring Sam Worthington, Jeffrey Dean Morgan, Jessica Chastain and Chloë Grace Moretz. It competed in the 68th Venice International Film Festival.


title: Texas Killing Fields (film)

text: Several killings occur along Houston's I-45 corridor between Houston and Galveston, in and around an area known as "the Killing Fields". The film's screenplay was loosely inspired by true events surrounding the murders of women kidnapped from cities spread along 30-plus miles of the I-45 corridor and dumped in many areas, including various bayous surrounding the oil fields of Texas City, Texas. While in real life there have been several itinerant serial killers involved over the years, the film focuses on specific local Texas City suspects.


title: Texas Killing Fields (film)

text: Souder, a homicide detective in a small Texan town, and his partner, transplanted New York City cop Detective Heigh, track a sadistic serial killer dumping his victims' mutilated bodies in a nearby marsh locals call 'The Killing Fields'. Though the swampland crime scenes are outside their jurisdiction, Detective Heigh is unable to turn his back on solving the gruesome murders. Despite his partner's warnings, he sets out to investigate the crimes. Before long, the killer changes the game and begins hunting the detectives, teasing them with possible clues at the crime scenes while always remaining one step ahead. When familiar local girl Anne goes missing, the detectives find themselves racing against time to catch the killer and save the young girl's life.


title: Texas Killing Fields (film)

text: The film was originally going to be directed by Danny Boyle before he left the project and was replaced by Ami Canaan Mann, daughter of director Michael Mann, who produced the film. Boyle said that the film was "so dark it would never get made".


title: Texas Killing Fields (film)

text: The film was distributed overseas by Entertainment Film Distributors, a British company. Filming began on May 3, 2010, in Louisiana, United States.


title: Texas Killing Fields (film)

text: The soundtrack was scored by Dickon Hinchliffe (formerly of Tindersticks) except for three tracks credited to The Americans.


title: Texas Killing Fields (film)

text: "Texas Killing Fields" received mixed to negative reviews from critics. Review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a score of 37% based on 46 reviews, with a consensus that read: ""Texas Killing Fields" is a competent boilerplate crime thriller, brewing up characters and plots used in better films." Metacritic gave the film a rating of 49/100, based on 17 reviews.


title: Texas Killing Fields (film)

text: Roger Ebert of "The Chicago Sun Times" gave the film two out of four stars and said, ""Texas Killing Fields" begins along the lines of a police procedural and might have been perfectly absorbing if it had played by the rules: strict logic, attention to detail, reference to technical police work. Unfortunately, the movie often seems to stray from such discipline." Betsy Sharkey of the "Los Angeles Times" commented that "like the Texas City killer's plans, something's gone terribly wrong" with the film. On a more lenient note, James Mottram of "GamesRadar" wrote: "Mann Jr. shows plenty of promise in a film that doesn’t tarnish the family name. But hindered by niggling flaws, it hardly revolutionises an over-saturated genre."


title: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

text: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica is a professional football club based in Santiago, Chile. Founded in 1937 they play in the Primera División, the top flight of Chilean football. The team has played its home games at Estadio San Carlos de Apoquindo since 1988.


title: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

text: Universidad Católica has won the third most league championships at a national level. In domestic football, the club has won 28 trophies; a record 16 Primera División de Chile titles, 2 Segunda División de Chile, 4 Copa Chile, 4 Supercopa de Chile, a Copa Apertura, a Copa República. In international competitions, Universidad Católica have won a 1 trophies; Copa Interamericana (1994).


title: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

text: In 1993, Universidad Católica was the runner-up in the most important international tournament in South America: the Copa Libertadores de América, losing in the finals against the defending Libertadores' Champion São Paulo. Universidad Católica has reached semi-finals in the Copa Libertadores four times (years 1962, 1966, 1969 and 1984).


title: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

text: The club's most successful player is José Pedro Fuenzalida with eleven titles, and the player with most appearances is Mario Lepe with 639 games. Its traditional rival is Universidad de Chile, they contest the Clásico Universitario and Colo-Colo is the other big rival of the club.


title: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

text: While the club was born as one of the many sport branches of the Universidad Católica de Chile, officially founded in 1937, it began, strictly speaking, around 1910, when students of the university would reunite to play football matches, frequently facing historical rival Universidad de Chile. In time, the idea of creating a professional club emerged, and on 21 April 1937, the club officially and legally began. It made its professional debut, in the second division, against the Universidad de Chile. Universidad Católica won its first League title in the 1949 season.


title: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

text: In December 1956, Universidad Católica was placed at the bottom of the league table and relegated to Segunda División for the first time in its history. On 10 November 1956, Universidad Católica won the Segunda División title after defeating Deportes La Serena by 3–2 and gained promotion straight back up to the top division, with captain Sergio Livingstone and Raimundo Infante claiming the top scorer award. In the 1970s, Universidad Católica was facing an institutional, the team ended the 1973 Primera División tournament at the bottom of the table, Universidad Católica was relegated to Segunda División for the second time in its history. In 1975, Universidad Católica won the title and therefore returned to Primera División to play the 1976 season.


title: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

text: In 1993, Universidad Católica reached their first ever Copa Libertadores final. The team had previously eliminated clubs Atlético Nacional (2–0, 1–2 in round of 16), Barcelona (3–1, 1–1 in  quarterfinals) and América de Cali (1-0, 2–2 in semifinals). In the finals, between the two legs after a heavy defeat away la Catolica won the second leg but lost São Paulo the title on aggregate 5–3. With Manuel Pellegrini as manager, on 1 November 1994, after beating Saprissa 5–1 at San Carlos de Apoquindo with goals by Andrés Romero, Alberto Acosta, Juvenal Olmos, Miguel Ardiman and Rodrigo Barrera, Universidad Católica became the second Chilean team to win a Copa Interamericana, they also achieved the 1995 Copa Chile title.


title: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

text: In 1997 the club celebrated its 60th anniversary with a friendly tournament where they beat Ajax Amsterdam 3–2 in the Copa 60º Aniversario de Universidad Católica.


title: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

text: Universidad Católica won the title 2002 Primera División (Apertura) after beating Rangers de Talca 4–0 in final at San Carlos de Apoquindo, with Juvenal Olmos as manager. In 2005 the club has been reemerged in international competition, advancing to the 2005 Copa Sudamericana semifinal before being knocked out by the powerful Boca Juniors from Argentina, who would go on to win the tournament. On 22 December, Universidad Católica won their nine Chilean Primera División (Clausura) title, after beating Universidad de Chile's in a penalty shootout at Estadio Nacional. In 2006 the team made a good presentation in the Copa Libertadores, but was eliminated at the last minute by Tigres UANL of Mexico and failed to advance beyond the group stage.


title: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

text: Católica again played 2008 Copa Libertadores with no luck, being eliminated in the group stage by goal difference by River Plate and América. In 2010 Copa Libertadores, their performance was no better, finishing third in group stage behind Universidad de Chile and Flamengo. In the 2010 season a 3–2 defeat to Colo Colo in October gave Colo Colo a seven-point lead in the league with seven match of the season remaining. A victory over Cobreloa 3–2 at Estadio Municipal de Calama, put them one point away from their first title since 2005. In the last match, Universidad Católica defeated Everton 5–0 to secure the club's ten Chilean Primera Division title and end a five-year trophy drought.


title: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

text: In the 2011 season they finished in second place in Chilean Primera División. They also reached the 2011 Copa Chile final where they faced Deportes Magallanes. Universidad Católica won 4–2 in a penalty shoot-out after the match finished 1–1. In 2011 Copa Libertadores, Católica finished first on the group stage, and then advanced to the quarter-finals, knocking out Grêmio of Brazil on the best 16 round, and falling to Peñarol of Uruguay 2–0 in Montevideo and winning their home match 2–1, which was not enough to advance. In 2012 the club again played Copa Libertadores, under coach and former player Mario Lepe, finished last on the group stage, winning only 1 home game and losing on their away games in Colombia and Bolivia. In Copa Sudamericana 2012, Universidad Católica advancing to the semifinal before being knocked out by the powerful São Paulo from Brazil, who would go on to win the tournament.


title: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

text: On April 30, 2016, Universidad Católica won the Primera Division Clausura title in 2016 for the first time in six years. Universidad Católica won the title on the last matchday after beating Audax Italiano 2–1. On 15 September 2016, the club won the Supercopa de Chile for a first time idefeating Universidad de Chile 2–1 in the final. After, Universidad Católica won the Primera Division Apertura, the title was won on 8 December, where Universidad Católica faced Deportes Temuco at Germán Becker. Two goals in the last half-hour secured Universidad Católica a 2–0, with Mario Salas leading the team towards its first Bicampeonato for winning two national titles in a row.


title: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

text: With Beñat San José as manager, Universidad Católica won the title 2018 on the last matchday after beating Deportes Temuco 2–1. In 2019, with Gustavo Quinteros Universidad Católica won their 2th Supercopa de Chile and won a second consecutive Primera División title. Due to the 2019 Chilean protests, the competition was suspended since mid-October with six matchdays still left. On 29 November 2019, ANFP's Council of Presidents voted to conclude the season. The title was the 14th official league in the club's history. In the 2010s, Universidad Católica won five league championships, a Copa Chile and two Chilean Supercups.


title: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

text: On 14 February 2020, with Ariel Holan Universidad Católica secured their third consecutive Primera División title, they also achieved the semi-finals of Copa Chile. Days after winning the title, Holan announced his resignation as Universidad Católica and in March, Gustavo Poyet was appointed coach, signing a two-year contract, and Universidad Católica won their 3th Supercopa de Chile. In 2021 Copa Libertadores, Católica finished second on the group stage, and then advanced to the round of 16, before being knocked out by the Palmeiras from Brazil, who would go on to win the tournament. On 30 August 2021, Gustavo Poyet was sacked from his managerial position, one day after Cristian Paulucci was announced as the new coach. On 20 January 2021, Universidad Católica won their four Supercopa de Chile title, after beating Ñublense's in a penalty shootout. On 4 December 2021, Universidad Católica were confirmed 2021 Primera División champions, reaching four consecutive league titles.


title: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

text: Its official fight song is the "Hymn of the Sports Club of the Catholic University", based on the song Tramp! Tramp! Tramp!.


title: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

text: The first crest had a design consisting of an interlacing of two initials of the club, "UC", in dark blue on a white shirt.


title: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

text: After moving between grounds, the team moved to the Independencia Stadium in 1945, which remained its home ground for 26 years and which was demolished because of the financial problems of the club, and started to play at Unión Española Stadium, the Santa Laura. After that, Universidad Católica moved its home matches to San Carlos de Apoquindo, which was inaugurated on 4 September 1988 with a match against River Plate.


title: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

text: The Universidad Católica has attained fame as a favorite of the higher classes, because of many factors, which range from the location of the club's stadium, San Carlos de Apoquindo (in one of the most exclusive neighborhoods of the capital) and Headquarters, although there are "UC" fans all around the country, including popular regions or towns.


title: Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

text: Due to the neighborhood's strong influence (wealthy families), the club has been unable to be approved for projects to enlarge the stadium and thus draw larger crowds. Only until in recent years the club was allowed by the commune of Las Condes, to host their clasicos matches against Universidad de Chile and Colo-Colo in their own stadium. Although just a limited number of its rivals' supporters are allowed to be present at these matches due to security reasons inside the stadium and around its high-end neighborhood.