title: Censorship in North Korea

text: Jang Song-thaek was considered the second most powerful figure in North Korea next to Kim Jong-un before he was executed because he was seen as a “counter-revolutionary” to the government. After his death in 2013, it is reported that 35,000 articles of Korean-language original reporting were deleted by the KCNA and his name was taken off every article in one of the outlet's biggest censorship crackdowns.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: Kim Jong-il was made commander-in-chief and head of the military affairs commission by his father Kim Il-sung in the spring of 1994. Later that year in July, Kim Il-sung died. Kim Jong-il became the next member of the Kim dynasty to govern North Korea. Kim Jong-il upheld his father's authoritarian regime and strict censorship. He was known for using military propaganda to distract North Korean citizens from their lack of freedoms and access to outside information. Despite only giving citizens access to hyper-militarized government propaganda, many cell phones and DVDs were obtained illegally under Kim Jong-il.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: In 1983, Kim Jong-il's book "The Great Teacher of Journalists" was translated into English. In this book, Kim Jong-il guides journalists to take the best pictures of their leader, study their leader's works, and instill loyalty to their leader in others. Kim Jong-il includes stories of his remarkable feats in this book, detailing a time when he saved a reporter from death and when he edited a writer's political essay to perfection.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: The North Korean government has implemented policies to prevent outside sources of information from reaching the people of North Korea. Starting in the 1990s when famine overtook the country, traders used cell phones as a means to illegally bring food and goods across the border.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: In December 2008 Orascom Telecom, an Egyptian company introduced North Korea to Koryolink, a 3G network. Internet access is permitted only for foreign travelers or the elite. By 2015, three million North Koreans had subscribed to Koryolink. Users of Koryolink must apply for permission to subscribe and are “subject to controls and surveillance by at least eight ministries and organizations between the party, state and army.” The network does not allow any access to international calls. Users sometimes will receive propaganda messages.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: In 2013, foreigners were granted 3G mobile phone Internet access by monthly data plan; the service could be implemented via USB modem or SIM Card. Recently, with more government awareness of alternative access to external information, increased security measures to eliminate these resources have been enacted. This includes higher border security where illicit cell phones gain access to China's mobile networks.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: These phones could be vehicles for releasing detailed news of harsh ruling within the country which is prohibited. Beyond punishment for those using phones within the country, a danger exists for escapees spreading knowledge of the country's extreme laws. Text messages and cell phone photographs are sent to external journalists and activists in South Korea to spread knowledge of the conditions. Some North Koreans act as journalists and sources by sending information and sharing stories. Prominent news accounts surrounding Kim Jong-un's ankle surgery and his wife, Ri Sol-ju's 2012 pregnancy were released from these insiders.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: As social media and news applications via smartphones become the common thread of news outlets, North Korea pushes further curtailment. A tightly controlled cyberspace exists within the country where a small number of upper-class citizens have access to an intranet, called Kwangmyong. In contrast to the otherwise global World Wide Web, this independent resource provides communication between industry, universities, and government. It is used to spread information through chats and emails which are both monitored and filtered by the government, allowing only a select group of researchers, propagandists, and media workers to access state media and items which have been removed from the public's Internet.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: Kim Jong-un continues his predecessors' rule and worked to consolidate power since becoming the supreme leader of North Korea on December 28, 2011. He ordered the execution of his uncle, Jang Song-thaek, and allegedly commanded the assassination of his older half-brother, Kim Jong-nam.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: Kim Jong-un keeps North Korea under his surveillance through extreme censorship. As of April 2020, the regime has a press freedom score from the Press Freedom Index rankings (made by Reporters Without Borders) of 83.4, with 100 being the worst score, and is ranked last in global rankings of 180 countries. North Korean journalists must belong to the ruling Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) and adjust their reportings to positively reflect Kim Jong-un's leadership. Foreign media are not welcomed and are often used as scapegoats by North Korean media. Failure to follow strict guidelines as set forth by the WPK can lead to imprisonment, forced labor, or death.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: Human rights violations in North Korea raise global concern. Kim Jong-un's regime is notorious for torture, mysterious disappearances, and sexual violence. Each layer of the government is structured to expel potential political threats and disseminate the ideology of Kim Jong-un, and those who attempt to circumvent censorship face steep consequences.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: Radio or television sets that can be bought in North Korea are preset to receive only the government frequencies and sealed with a label to prevent tampering with the equipment. It is a serious criminal offence to manipulate the sets and receive radio or television broadcasts from outside North Korea. In a party campaign in 2003, the head of each party cell in neighborhoods and villages received instructions to verify the seals on all radio sets.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: According to the "Daily NK", it is possible to broadcast news for North Korea through short-wave radio. Possessing a short-wave radio is against the law in North Korea, but the radios are allegedly confiscated and resold by corrupted agents of the secret police.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: High-ranking officials have access to cellphones and the internet while others are limited to the programed government stations that broadcast propaganda. Every television is monitored and inspected throughout each year to ensure there are no outside stations being transmitted illegally. Additionally, songs heard on both televisions and radios are supervised to be based on praising communism and the party leaders, with the superstition that members of the Kim family are writing them.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: "A Quiet Opening: North Koreans in a Changing Media Environment," a study commissioned by the U.S. State Department and conducted by InterMedia and released May 10, 2012, found that despite strict regulations, North Koreans, particularly the elites, have increased access to news and other media outside the state-controlled media authorized by the government. While access to the internet is controlled, radio and DVDs are common media accessed, and in border areas, television. Up to one in two urban households own a Notel (also called Notetel), a portable media player made in China which has been popular in North Korea since about 2005 and was legalized in 2014 and has been credited with facilitating the extension of the "Korean Wave" ("Hallyu", the increase of the popularity of South Korean pop culture internationally) into North Korea.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: As of 2011, USB flash drives were selling well in North Korea, primarily used for watching South Korean dramas and films on personal computers.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: North Korea is ranked second to the bottom of the Press Freedom Index rankings published annually by Reporters Without Borders. From 2002 through 2006, the country was listed as the worst in the world, and from 2007 to 2016, it was listed second to last (behind Eritrea) of some 180 countries. In 2017 and 2018, North Korea was ranked the worst again. In 2019, it was rated second to last, above Turkmenistan. In 2020, it was once again ranked last.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: To become a journalist in North Korea, one has to graduate from college. After an ideology review and a strict background check, the student is drafted by the college dean and the managers. The drafted journalist will normally go through a probation period of 4 to 5 years and is then stationed after an assessment.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: In North Korea, journalism as a job is to guard, defend, and advocate for both the party and party leaders. Since the role is defined as being a political activist and a fighter who can mobilize a crowd, a journalist in North Korea should be deemed a supporter of Kim Il-sung and a fervent political activist, with a war correspondent spirit and political qualification. Journalists in North Korea are reeducated continuously.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: The organization that takes charge of the reeducation of journalists in North Korea is the 'Chosen Reporter Alliance'. It is the strongest and the most systematized organization among the reporters and journalists' political idea education organizations. The organization trains journalists and reporters on philosophy, economics, world history, world literature, and foreign languages.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: Arguing about the contradictions in the system of North Korea itself is considered treason and is treated as a major violation in North Korean society. Over 70 percent of reports of Korean Central Broadcasting are allotted for Kim's idolization and propaganda system. The rest of the reports are spent on blaming and predicting the collapse of the United States, Japan, and South Korea.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: The reporters in North Korea spend their time writing articles that reflect North Korea in a positive light. Kim Jong-il used to punish the people who wrote from a different point of view, saying "Words describe one's ideas."


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: After re-education, a journalist who works for over 15 years and has made a major contribution is titled a 'distinguished journalist'.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: In 2006, Julien Pain, head of the Internet Desk at Reporters Without Borders, described North Korea as the world's worst Internet black hole, in its list of the top 13 Internet enemies.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: Internet access is not generally available in North Korea. Only some high-level officials are allowed to access the global internet. In most universities, a small number of strictly monitored computers are provided. Other citizens may get access only to the country's national intranet, called Kwangmyong. Content on Kwangmyong is curated by Korea Computer Center. Foreigners can access the internet using the 3G phone network. However, the IT industry has been growing and Internet access is starting to increase within North Korea. With few exceptions, Kwangmyong is completely separate from the global internet as a means for North Korea to use private state-controlled resources which is completely regulated by the regime. This intranet is difficult for foreign adversaries to access, and therefore allows the country to maintain its own private internet.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: The North Korean Ullim, an Android-based tablet computer available since 2014, has a high level of inbuilt surveillance and controls. The tablet takes screenshots of apps opened by the user and saves browsing history. The tablet also only allows access to a limited number of approved applications, shares watermarking data to track the distribution of content between people and only allows users to access content created on the tablet or from the tablet. Content sent from other users or third party platforms cannot be accessed.


title: Censorship in North Korea

text: As of 2022, ordinary citizens with mobile devices do not have access to the global internet. Instead, these individuals are only able to access Kwangmyong, that is operated by the country. In terms of global internet access, this privilege is only granted to a small number of North Korean elites. Internet access is restricted to military and government business.


title: Vikram Singh Chauhan

text: Vikram Singh Chauhan is an Indian actor who mainly works in Hindi television. He made his acting debut with "Qubool Hai" portraying Imraan Qureshi in 2013. He is best known for his portrayal of Atharva Sujata in "Jaana Na Dil Se Door", Vyom Bedi in "Ek Deewaana Tha" and Aman Junaid Khan in "Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka!".


title: Vikram Singh Chauhan

text: Chauhan made his film debut in 2015 with "The Perfect Girl" and also worked in "Mardaani 2". He made his web debut with "Baarish" in 2019.


title: Vikram Singh Chauhan

text: Chauhan married his longtime girlfriend Sneha Shukla, a corporate lawyer, on 27 April 2021 in his hometown Dehradun. The couple had their first child, a baby girl named Sia, on 2 May 2022.


title: Vikram Singh Chauhan

text: Chauhan made his debut in 2013 with "Qubool Hai" as Imran Qureshi. Next, he appeared in "Million Dollar Girl" and " Ek Hasina Thi".


title: Vikram Singh Chauhan

text: From 2016 to 2017, he played Atharv Vashisht in Star Plus's "Jaana Na Dil Se Door" opposite Shivani Surve. From 2017 to 2018, he portrayed Vyom Bedi/Akash Khurana in Sony TV's "Ek Deewaana Tha" with Donal Bisht.


title: Vikram Singh Chauhan

text: Since October 2019 to 2020, Chauhan had played the role of Aman Junaid Khan in Star Plus's "Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka!" with Aditi Sharma. He also made a debut in Bollywood by playing the role of a cop in Rani Mukherjee starrer "Mardaani 2", produced by Yash Raj Films. Most recently, Chauhan appeared in a web series "Chattis aur Maina" starring Sandeepa Dhar and others, which started streaming from 28 May on Disney+ Hotstar Quix.


title: Basque mythology

text: The mythology of the ancient Basques largely did not survive the arrival of Christianity in the Basque Country between the 4th and 12th century AD. Most of what is known about elements of this original belief system is based on the analysis of legends, the study of place names and scant historical references to pagan rituals practised by the Basques.


title: Basque mythology

text: One main figure of this belief system was the female deity Mari. According to legends collected in the area of Ataun, the other main figure was her consort Sugaar. However, due to the scarcity of the material, it is difficult to say if this would have been the "central pair" of the Basque pantheon. Based on the attributes ascribed to these mythological creatures, this would be considered a chthonic religion as all its characters dwell on earth or below it, with the sky seen mostly as an empty corridor through which the divinities pass.


title: Basque mythology

text: Urtzi may have been a Basque mythological figure—a sky god—but may have been merely a word for the sky. There is evidence that can be read as either supporting or contradicting the existence of such a deity. To date neither theory has been able to convince fully.


title: Basque mythology

text: The Iberian Peninsula's Indo-European speaking cultures like the Lusitanians and Celtiberians seem to have a significant Basque substrate in their mythologies. This includes the concept of the Enchanted Mouras, which may be based on the Mairu, and the god Endovelicus, whose name may come from proto-Basque words.


title: Cardioid

text: In geometry, a cardioid () is a plane curve traced by a point on the perimeter of a circle that is rolling around a fixed circle of the same radius. It can also be defined as an epicycloid having a single cusp. It is also a type of sinusoidal spiral, and an inverse curve of the parabola with the focus as the center of inversion. A cardioid can also be defined as the set of points of reflections of a fixed point on a circle through all tangents to the circle.


title: Cardioid

text: The name was coined by de Castillon in 1741 but the cardioid had been the subject of study decades beforehand. Named for its heart-like form, it is shaped more like the outline of the cross section of a round apple without the stalk.


title: Cardioid

text: A cardioid microphone exhibits an acoustic pickup pattern that, when graphed in two dimensions, resembles a cardioid (any 2d plane containing the 3d straight line of the microphone body). In three dimensions, the cardioid is shaped like an apple centred around the microphone which is the "stalk" of the apple.


title: Cardioid

text: Let formula_1 be the common radius of the two generating circles with midpoints formula_2, formula_3 the rolling angle and the origin the starting point (see picture). One gets the


title: Cardioid

text: A proof can be established using complex numbers and their common description as the complex plane. The rolling movement of the black circle on the blue one can be split into two rotations. In the complex plane a rotation around point formula_9 (the origin) by an angle formula_3 can be performed by multiplying a point formula_11 (complex number) by formula_12. Hence


title: Cardioid

text: A point formula_19 of the cardioid is generated by rotating the origin around point formula_1 and subsequently rotating around formula_17 by the same angle formula_3:


title: Cardioid

text: The proofs of these statement use in both cases the polar representation of the cardioid. For suitable formulas see polar coordinate system (arc length) and polar coordinate system (area)


title: Cardioid

text: For the proof the representation in the complex plane (see above) is used. For the points formula_36 and formula_37


title: Cardioid

text: the midpoint of the chord formula_38 is formula_39 which lies on the perimeter of the circle with midpoint formula_17 and radius formula_1 (see picture).


title: Cardioid

text: For the example shown in the graph the generator circles have radius formula_42. Hence the cardioid has the polar representation


title: Cardioid

text: which is a parabola (s. parabola in polar coordinates) with the equation formula_45 in Cartesian coordinates.


title: Cardioid

text: "Remark: "Not every inverse curve of a parabola is a cardioid. For example, if a parabola is inverted across a circle whose center lies at the "vertex" of the parabola, then the result is a cissoid of Diocles.


title: Cardioid

text: In the previous section if one inverts additionally the tangents of the parabola one gets a pencil of circles through the center of inversion (origin). A detailed consideration shows: The midpoints of the circles lie on the perimeter of the fixed generator circle. (The generator circle is the inverse curve of the parabola's directrix.)


title: Cardioid

text: The following consideration uses trigonometric formulae for formula_52, formula_53, formula_54, formula_55, and formula_56.


title: Cardioid

text: In order to keep the calculations simple, the proof is given for the cardioid with polar representation


title: Cardioid

text: With help of trigonometric formulae and subsequent division by formula_63, the equation of the tangent can be rewritten as:


title: Cardioid

text: With help of trigonometric formulae and the subsequent division by formula_69 the equation of the secant line can be rewritten by:


title: Cardioid

text: Despite the two angles formula_71 have different meanings (s. picture) one gets for formula_72 the same line. Hence any secant line of the circle, defined above, is a tangent of the cardioid, too:


title: Cardioid

text: The proof can be performed with help of the "envelope conditions" (see previous section) of an implicit pencil of curves:


title: Cardioid

text: The considerations made in the previous section give a proof that the caustic of a circle with light source on the perimeter of the circle is a cardioid.


title: Cardioid

text: Let be formula_81 a circle and formula_47 a point on the perimeter of this circle. The following is true:


title: Cardioid

text: In a Cartesian coordinate system circle formula_81 may have midpoint formula_86 and radius formula_87. The tangent at circle point formula_88 has the equation


title: Cardioid

text: The foot of the perpendicular from point formula_47 on the tangent is point formula_91 with the still unknown distance formula_92 to the origin formula_47. Inserting the point into the equation of the tangent yields


title: Cardioid

text: "Remark:" If point formula_47 is not on the perimeter of the circle formula_81, one gets a limaçon of Pascal.


title: Cardioid

text: The evolute of a curve is the locus of centers of curvature. In detail: For a curve formula_97 with radius of curvature formula_98 the evolute has the representation


title: Cardioid

text: These equations describe a cardioid a third as large, rotated 180 degrees and shifted along the x-axis by formula_107.


title: Cardioid

text: An orthogonal trajectory of a pencil of curves is a curve which intersects any curve of the pencil orthogonally. For cardioids the following is true:


title: Cardioid

text: For a curve given in polar coordinates by a function formula_111 the following connection to Cartesian coordinates hold:


title: Cardioid

text: Dividing the second equation by the first yields the Cartesian slope of the tangent line to the curve at the point formula_114:


title: Cardioid

text: Choosing other positions of the cardioid within the coordinate system results in different equations. The picture shows the 4 most common positions of a cardioid and their polar equations.


title: Cardioid

text: In complex analysis, the image of any circle through the origin under the map formula_124 is a cardioid. One application of this result is that the boundary of the central period-1 component of the Mandelbrot set is a cardioid given by the equation


title: Cardioid

text: The Mandelbrot set contains an infinite number of slightly distorted copies of itself and the central bulb of any of these smaller copies is an approximate cardioid.


title: Cardioid

text: Certain caustics can take the shape of cardioids. The catacaustic of a circle with respect to a point on the circumference is a cardioid. Also, the catacaustic of a cone with respect to rays parallel to a generating line is a surface whose cross section is a cardioid. This can be seen, as in the photograph to the right, in a conical cup partially filled with liquid when a light is shining from a distance and at an angle equal to the angle of the cone. The shape of the curve at the bottom of a cylindrical cup is half of a nephroid, which looks quite similar.


title: Seiren

text: The series is structured like an anthology series, with every four episodes taking place in an individualized continuity in which protagonist Shōichi Kamita ends up with a different girl, yet featuring all of the same characters.


title: Seiren

text: "Seiren" is a sequel to the similarly-structured "Amagami" adaptation, set in the same high school, albeit 9 years later.


title: Seiren

text: Shōichi Kamita is a second-year high school student who is worried about university exams and his future. In this point in his life, he comes into contact with various girls, and the series follows Shōichi and his relationships with them.


title: Seiren

text: TBS revealed plans for a new anime series, with Kisai Takyama working on the project. This original anime television adaption was later officially named "Seiren". The series is directed by Tomoki Kobayashi at Studio Gokumi and AXsiZ. It aired on TBS in Japan from January 5, 2017 to March 23, 2017. The series was also simulcasted in the United States of America, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Latin America on Crunchyroll. The series uses an omnibus format, in which each major character arc is a self-contained four-episode story. These major arcs are focused on three characters: Hikari Tsuneki, Toru Miyamae, and Kyōko Tōno. However, it was also noted that there were plans for character arcs involving Miu Hiyama, Makoto Kamizaki, and Ruise Sanjō in the future.


title: Seiren

text: The opening theme, , is sung by Hanako Oku. There are three ending themes. The first theme, , is sung by Ayane Sakura. The second theme, is sung by Shino Shimoji. The third theme, , is sung by Juri Kimura.


title: Seiren

text: In anticipation of the anime premiere, two official webcomics illustrated by Piaisai titled and were released. These webcomics involve characters from "Seiren" and the dating simulation game, "Amagami".


title: Casey Novak

text: Casey Novak is a fictional character on "", portrayed by Diane Neal. She is the only female Assistant District Attorney (ADA) to have appeared in five complete seasons in any "Law & Order" series and the third-longest-running ADA in the entire franchise.


title: Casey Novak

text: Casey Novak is a young and focused senior-assistant district attorney who's been with the Manhattan DA's office since 2001. It is revealed in early season five that she graduated from Harvard Law School, as seen on a plaque in her office. While sometimes deeply affected by the horrific crimes she deals with on the job, she does not often reveal her emotions. Although she quickly loses her innocence when dealing with sex crimes, she still shows uneasiness when dealing with the gray areas of human involvement, preferring the letter of the law to the messiness of each individual reality. Nonetheless, Novak has a 71 percent success rate in the cases she prosecutes, whereas the average for prosecutors is 44 percent. Novak is prone to blur the line between ADA and detective, as exemplified in the season 9 episode "Impulsive," where Novak essentially leads the investigation.


title: Casey Novak

text: It is revealed that in her final year of law school, Novak was engaged to a man, Charlie, who had schizophrenia. She ended the relationship when his symptoms became so severe she felt she was no longer safe with him. In 2002, Charlie attacked her in her home during a psychotic episode. She convinced the police not to press charges, but ended the relationship. He eventually became homeless, and was found dead as a "John Doe" in the spring of 2007. She developed a deep compassion for the mentally ill afterward. While prosecuting a case, she deliberately sabotages a competency hearing for a schizophrenic child rapist to avoid him being extradited to Louisiana where he would face the death penalty. Manhattan's new DA Jack McCoy (Sam Waterston) calls Novak into his office and threatens to fire her and have her disbarred if she abuses the authority of the DA's office again.


title: Casey Novak

text: In the season 6 episode "Goliath", Novak states that she is a big supporter of the U.S military. She explains that her father was an M60 door gunner on a Huey during the Vietnam War. His helicopter crashed three times, and he received a Purple Heart.


title: Casey Novak

text: Novak lives in an apartment in the Upper West Side of New York City. She is Catholic. She used to work serving tables in order to pay for her college tuition. Sometimes, she rides her bicycle to work.


title: Casey Novak

text: Novak is a redhead, although she had her hair dyed strawberry blonde and blonde for some of her appearances. She is also an avid softball player and a batter. She plays on a team called the "Sex Crimes."


title: Casey Novak

text: Novak prosecuted white collar crimes before being assigned full-time to the 16th Precinct in October 2003, after Alexandra Cabot (Stephanie March), thought to be dead, transfers into the Witness Protection Program. During her first case, Novak helps the SVU team save a little girl from a pedophile. Following her first case, Novak asks District Attorney Arthur Branch (Fred Thompson) to reassign her because she feels she cannot handle the intensity of prosecuting sex crimes, especially those committed against children. Branch refuses, saying that he had been eyeing her for the job for some time, and thought that she was a perfect choice for the position.


title: Casey Novak

text: Novak arrives on the scene with guns blazing, intent on leaving her mark on the bureau, and immediately antagonizes detectives Elliot Stabler (Christopher Meloni) and Olivia Benson (Mariska Hargitay) by taking a hands-on approach, second-guessing their detective work and interfering with their interrogation of a suspect. Her intuition leads to the rescue of a child locked in a cooler on her very first case, and wins her the respect of the squad. She remains aloof and demanding with the detectives, however, until Capt. Don Cragen (Dann Florek) has a candid conversation with her about the necessity of working as a team, as she had previously worked with different cops in each case. By the sixth season, however, she has a good relationship with the SVU detectives, particularly Stabler, who is especially enraged when she is attacked and beaten up, and risks his career by threatening the man he believed to have done it.


title: Casey Novak

text: Novak has an adversarial relationship with her former supervisor and mentor, Elizabeth Donnelly (Judith Light). In one case, Novak forces her (acting upon a directive from Branch) to recuse herself from a case. Occasionally, she finds herself opposing attorneys with whom she has worked before. Like her predecessor, Alexandra Cabot, she has, at various times, run afoul of stern, by-the-book Judge Lena Petrovsky (Joanna Merlin).


title: Casey Novak

text: Toward the end of the , it was announced that Diane Neal was departing the cast. Days later, it was rumored that she had been fired from the series. Neal said she "did talk to the crew" about her departure; she declined to say whether she was fired. She commented: "Rumors are rumors ... I love the crew. The crew loves me. We've really gotten along and bonded over these past five years. And they're always looking out for me and watching my back."


title: Casey Novak

text: In the season 9 finale "Cold", Novak violates due process by violating the Brady rules while prosecuting a corrupt police officer who raped two 14-year-old illegal immigrants, killing one. Donnelly, now a judge, calls Novak into her chambers and informs her that the DA had declined to refile charges against the defendant because of her actions. Donnelly informs Novak that she is facing censure by the Bar and a suspension of her license to practice law for at least a year.


title: Casey Novak

text: In the second episode of , ADA Kim Greylek (Michaela McManus) asserts that Novak was disbarred for the violation.


title: Casey Novak

text: Novak returns to SVU in the season 12 episode "", and reveals she was censured but not disbarred; her license was suspended for three years. In her first case after being re-hired by the District Attorney's office, she finds herself at odds with "" Deputy District Attorney Joe Dekker (Terrence Howard), who is the defendant's lawyer as well as his cousin. Dekker cites Novak's previous misconduct several times throughout the episode. When the case goes to trial, the presiding judge is Lena Petrovsky, whom Novak lied to in the season 9 finale. When Dekker's cousin goes against the deal in place at the allocution hearing and says he only broke into the woman's house and did not rape her, Petrovsky asks Novak if she is trying to railroad another defendant into custody; a shocked Novak replies that both the defendant and his attorney agreed to the deal. In the end, Novak and Stabler realize that the accuser made the rape story up because her grandfather told her to. Novak subsequently makes a deal with Dekker for his cousin's breaking and entering charge and has the accuser arrested for perjury.


title: Casey Novak

text: Novak, along with ADA Alex Cabot, returned to "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" for its 13th season. She is first seen in the season's third episode "", in which the SVU squad is investigating the teenage son of a high-profile political couple. She gets into a heated argument with Benson after she tells her that she is "off," to which Benson replies that Novak and her office have "lost their nerve." Novak is the prosecutor in four episodes during season 13, sharing the ADA duties with Cabot, Michael Cutter (Linus Roache), and David Haden (Harry Connick, Jr.) She is last seen as the lead prosecutor in "Valentine's Day", in which she goes up against Defense Attorney Marvin Exley (Ron Rifkin), who is defending a woman who seems to have fabricated her own abduction.


title: Casey Novak

text: In 2005 Neal appeared as Casey Novak in a crossover within the larger "Law and Order" franchise that began in the "" season 6 episode "", and concluded in the "" season 1 episode "".


title: Casey Novak

text: Neal has been credited in 112 episodes of "SVU" (appearing in 105) as Novak. Additionally, she appears in a 2005 episode of "", bringing her total episode count to 113 (appearing in 106).


title: Casey Novak

text: She also starred in an earlier episode of "SVU", season 3 episode 10 titled "Ridicule", however she portrayed one of three women accused of raping a male stripper, and her name and likeness were an entirely different character than Novak in the episode.


title: Rubric (academic)

text: In US education terminology, rubric is "a scoring guide used to evaluate the quality of students' constructed responses". Put simply, it is a set of criteria for grading assignments. Rubrics usually contain evaluative criteria, quality definitions for those criteria at particular levels of achievement, and a scoring strategy. They are often presented in table format and can be used by teachers when marking, and by students when planning their work. In UK education the rubric is the set instructions at the head of an examination paper.


title: Rubric (academic)

text: A scoring rubric is an attempt to communicate expectations of quality around a task. In many cases, scoring rubrics are used to delineate consistent criteria for grading. Because the criteria are public, a scoring rubric allows teachers and students alike to evaluate criteria, which can be complex and subjective. A scoring rubric can also provide a basis for self-evaluation, reflection, and peer review. It is aimed at accurate and fair assessment, fostering understanding, and indicating a way to proceed with subsequent learning/teaching. This integration of performance and feedback is called ongoing assessment or formative assessment.


title: Rubric (academic)

text: Several common features of scoring rubrics can be distinguished, according to Bernie Dodge and Nancy Pickett:


title: Rubric (academic)

text: Scoring rubrics include one or more dimensions on which performance is rated, definitions and examples that illustrate the attribute(s) being measured, and a rating scale for each dimension. Dimensions are generally referred to as "criteria", the rating scale as "levels", and definitions as "descriptors".


title: Rubric (academic)

text: Since the 1980s, many scoring rubrics have been presented in a graphic format, typically as a grid. Studies of scoring rubric effectiveness now consider the efficiency of a grid over, say, a text-based list of criteria.


title: Rubric (academic)

text: Rubrics can be classified as holistic, analytic, or developmental. Holistic rubrics integrate all aspects of the work into a single overall rating of the work. For example, "the terms and grades commonly used at university (i.e., excellent – A, good – B, average – C, poor – D, and weak – E) usually express an assessor's overall rating of a piece of work. When a research article or thesis is evaluated, the reviewer is asked to express his or her opinion in holistic terms – accept as is, accept with minor revisions, require major revisions for a second review, or reject. The classification response is a weighted judgement by the assessor taking all things into account at once; hence, holistic. In contrast, an analytic rubric specifies various dimensions or components of the product or process that are evaluated separately. The same rating scale labels may be used as the holistic, but it is applied to various key dimensions or aspects separately rather than an integrated judgement. This separate specification means that on one dimension the work could be excellent, but on one or more other dimensions the work might be poor to average. Most commonly, analytic rubrics have been used by teachers to score student writing when the teacher awards a separate score for such facets of written language as conventions or mechanics (i.e., spelling, punctuation, and grammar), organisation, content or ideas, and style. They are also used in many other domains of the school curriculum (e.g., performing arts, sports and athletics, studio arts, wood and metal technologies, etc.). By breaking the whole into significant dimensions or components and rating them separately, it is expected that better information will be obtained by the teacher and the student about what needs to be worked on next." (Brown, Irving, & Keegan, 2014, p. 55). Developmental rubrics are analytical but also meet developmental characteristics described below.


title: Rubric (academic)

text: Scoring rubrics may help students become thoughtful evaluators of their own and others' work and may reduce the amount of time teachers spend evaluating student work. Here is a seven-step method to creating and using a scoring rubric for writing assignments:


title: Rubric (academic)

text: A rubric can be used in individual assessment within the course, or a project or capstone project. However, it can be used when multiple evaluators are evaluating the assessment to get focus on the contributing attributes for the evaluation. Rubrics are ideally suited for project assessment since each component of the project has a corresponding section on the rubric that specifies criteria for quality of work.


title: Rubric (academic)

text: Developmental rubrics are analytic rubrics that use multiple dimensions of developmental successions to facilitate assessment, instructional design, and transformative learning.


title: Rubric (academic)

text: Developmental rubrics refer to a matrix of modes of practice. Practices belong to a community of experts. Each mode of practice competes with a few others within the same dimension. Modes appear in succession because their frequency is determined by four parameters: endemicity, performance rate, commitment strength, and acceptance. Transformative learning results in changing from one mode to the next. The typical developmental modes can be roughly identified as beginning, exploring, sustaining, and inspiring. The timing of the four levels is unique to each dimension and it is common to find beginning or exploring modes in one dimension coexisting with sustaining or inspiring modes in another. Often, the modes within a dimension are given unique names in addition to the typical identifier. As a result, developmental rubrics have four properties:


title: Rubric (academic)

text: The traditional meanings of the word "rubric" stem from "a heading on a document (often written in red—from Latin, "rubrica", red ochre, red ink), or a direction for conducting church services". Drawing on definition 2 in the OED for this word, rubrics referred to the instructions on a test to the test-taker as to how questions were to be answered. This definition of "rubric" is still sometimes used, especially in the UK. In modern Italian, 'rubrica' means column, in the print context, so this term also refers to a visual structure of information. Many early Medieval texts were written in multiple columns on a single page.


title: Rubric (academic)

text: In modern education circles, rubrics have recently come to refer to an assessment tool. The first usage of the term in this new sense is from the mid-1990s, but scholarly articles from that time do not explain why the term was co-opted. Perhaps rubrics are seen to act, in both cases, as metadata added to text to indicate what constitutes a successful use of that text. It may also be that the color of the traditional red marking pen is the common link.


title: Rubric (academic)

text: The bridge from medicine to education occurred through the construction of "Standardized Developmental Ratings." These were first defined for writing assessment in the mid-1970s and used to train raters for New York State's Regents Exam in Writing by the late 1970s. That exam required raters to use multidimensional standardized developmental ratings to determine a holistic score. The term "rubrics" was applied to such ratings by Grubb in a book advocating holistic scoring rather than developmental rubrics. Developmental rubrics return to the original intent of standardized developmental ratings, which was to support student self-reflection and self-assessment as well as communication between an assessor and those being assessed. In this new sense, a scoring rubric is a set of criteria and standards typically linked to learning objectives. It is used to assess or communicate about product, performance, or process tasks.


title: Rubric (academic)

text: Scoring rubrics can also improve scoring consistency. Grading is more reliable while using a rubric than without one. Educators can refer to a rubric while scoring assignments to keep grading consistent between students. Teachers can also use rubrics to keep their scoring consistent between other teachers who teach the same class.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: The Socialist Party (, ; abbreviated as SP, ) is a democratic socialist political party in the Netherlands. Founded in 1971 as the Communist Party of the Netherlands/Marxist–Leninist (KPN/ML, ), the party has since moderated itself from Marxism–Leninism and Maoism towards democratic socialism and social democracy. The SP has also been described as left-wing populist and soft Eurosceptic, and is an advocate of Dutch republicanism.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: Positioned to the political left of the Labour Party, the party has been part of the parliamentary opposition since it was formed. After the 2006 Dutch general election, the SP became one of the major parties of the Netherlands winning 25 out of 150 parliamentary seats, an increase of 16 seats. In the 2010 Dutch general election, the parliamentary presence of the socialists decreased to 15 seats. In the 2012 Dutch general election, the party maintained those 15 seats. Following the 2017 and 2021 general elections, the SP fell back to the nine seats it held before 2006.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: The Socialist Party was founded in October 1971 as a Maoist party named the Communist Party of the Netherlands/Marxist–Leninist (KPN/ML). This KPN/ML was formed following a split from the Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist–Leninist). The issue that provoked the split from was an intense debate on the role of intellectuals in the class struggle. The founders of KPN/ML, with Daan Monjé in a prominent role, belonged to the proletarian wing of the , who did not want an organisation dominated by students and intellectuals. In 1972, the KPN/ML changed its name to the Socialist Party (Dutch: ). Even in its early years, while adhering to Maoist principles such as organising the masses, the SP was very critical of the Communist Party of China, condemning the support of the Chinese party for UNITA in Angola with the brochure "" ('Answer to the thick skins of the KEN').


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: The SP started to build a network of local parties, with strong local roots. The SP had its own General Practitioners' offices, provided advice to citizens and set up local action groups. This developed within front organisations, separate trade unions, environmental organisations and tenant associations. This work resulted in a strong representation in several municipal legislatures, notably in Oss. Also in some States-Provincial, the SP gained a foothold, especially in the province of North Brabant.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: Since 1977, SP attempted to enter the House of Representatives, but the party failed in 1977, 1981, 1982, 1986 and 1989. In 1991, the SP officially scrapped the term Marxism–Leninism because the party had evolved to the point that the term was no longer considered appropriate.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: In 1994 general election, the party's first members of parliament, namely Remi Poppe and Jan Marijnissen, were elected. Its slogan was "Vote Against" (Dutch: ). In the 1990s, the major party of the Dutch left, the Labour Party (PvdA), moved to the centre, making the SP and the GreenLeft viable alternatives for some left-wing voters. In the 1998 general election, the party was rewarded for its opposition to the purple government of the first Kok cabinet and more than doubled its seats to five. In the 1999 European Parliament election, Erik Meijer was elected into the European Parliament for the SP.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: In the 2002 general election, the SP ran with the slogan "Vote in Favor" (Dutch: ). The party nearly doubled to nine seats. This result was kept in the 2003 general election. Leading up to the latter election, the SP was predicted to win as many as 24 (16%) seats in the polls. However, these gains failed to materialise as many potential SP voters chose to cast strategic votes for the Labour Party which stood a good chance of winning the elections. In the 2004 European Parliament election, its one seat was doubled to two.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: In the 2005 referendum on the European Constitution, the SP was the only left-wing party in parliament to oppose it. Support for the party grew in opinion polls, but it fell slightly after the referendum.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: The 2006 municipal elections were a success for the SP which more than doubled its total number of seats. This can in part be explained by the party standing in many more municipalities, but it can also be seen as a reaction to the so-called "right-wing winter" in national politics as the welfare reforms of the right-wing second Balkenende cabinet were called by its centre-left and left-wing opponents. In a reaction to these results, Marijnissen declared on election night that the "SP has grown up".


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: After the untimely end of the second Balkenende cabinet and the minority government of the third Balkenende cabinet, the SP gained 16 seats in the parliament after the 2006 general election, nearly tripling its parliamentary representation. With 25 seats, the SP became the third largest party of the Dutch parliament. In the 2006–2007 cabinet formation, the SP was unable to work out its policy differences with the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and remained in opposition against the fourth Balkenende cabinet which comprised the CDA, the PvdA and the Christian Union parties.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: In the 2007 provincial elections, the SP gained 54 provincial legislators more than in the 2003 provincial elections and made it to a total of 83 provincial legislators. As a result of the provincial elections, the SP has increased its representatives in the Senate of the Netherlands (upper house) to 11 from the 4 it had previously.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: In the 2010 general election, the SP fared worse than in the previous election, with a loss of 10 seats, a gain of 15 and only 9.9% of the overall vote. The party's popularity rose after the election, with polls throughout 2012 indicating it could challenge the ruling VVD with a seat count reaching into the 30s. The SP's popularity peaked in early August, a month before the election, with polls from Peil, Ipsos, and TNS NIPO indicating it would become the largest party with a result as high as 37 seats. However, PvdA's popularity surged in the final weeks, and the SP's lead collapsed. The party ultimately placed fourth on 15 seats, with a slight decrease in its vote share compared to 2010.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: The party was founded as the Communist Party of the Netherlands/Marxist–Leninist (KPN/ML) in 1971. In 1972, it adopted the Socialist Party name (Dutch: ), with the spelling using ' instead of '. This was due to the Dutch spelling reforms at the time. However, these spelling reforms failed and the party changed its name to in 1993.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: The party labels itself as socialist, and has also been described as social-democratic. In its manifesto of principles, it calls for a society where human dignity, equality and solidarity are most important. Its core issues are employment, social welfare and investing in health care, public education and public safety. The party opposes privatisation of public services and is critical of globalisation. It has taken a soft Eurosceptic stance.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: The party currently has no members of the European Parliament since the 2019 European Parliamentary election.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: Former SP leader Emile Roemer was the first party member who became both mayor and commissioner (he was acting mayor of Heerlen and Alkmaar, and has been King's Commissioner of Limburg since 1 December 2021). The SP is part of the provincial executive (Gedeputeerde staten) in six out of twelve provinces. The SP is also part of several municipal executives (College van burgemeester en wethouders), notably in Amsterdam and Utrecht.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: As of 2016, the SP has 41,710 members and has grown considerably since it entered parliament in 1994, making it the third largest party in terms of its number of members. Like other parties in the Netherlands, the SP has seen a decline in membership in recent years.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: The highest body within the SP is the party council, formed by the chairs of all local branches and the party board. It convenes at least four times a year. The party board is elected by the party congress which is formed by delegates from the municipal branches. The congress decides on the order of the candidates for national and European elections and it has a final say over the party program.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: At the party congress which was held on 28 November in 2015, Ron Meyer was elected as the secretary of the party board. Previously, he was working for the Netherlands Trade Union Confederation (FNV). Ron Meyer was elected along with 10 other party board members.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: The SP is a constant active force in extra-parliamentary protest. Many of its members are active in local campaigning groups, often independent groups dominated by the SP, or in the SP neighbourhood centres, where the party provides help for the working class.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: An example more of nationwide nature is the movement for a National Healthcare Fund (Nationaal ZorgFonds). This campaign demonstrates the necessity of a single payer system and wants to remove market and commercialisation aspects of the current healthcare system. The expensive advertising annually organised by healthcare insurance companies in order to attract new customers is a big example. The NHS inspired movement thinks that money should solely be spent on healthcare itself. Switching from one insurance company to another can only be done once every year as restricted by Dutch law.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: The youth-wing of the Socialist Party is called SP Jongeren. Its old youth-wing was ROOD; the word "rood" is officially written in capitals but is not an acronym. The SP publishes the magazine the "Tribune" monthly which was also the name of a historical Communist Party of the Netherlands newspaper. The relationship between Rood and the SP became rocky in 2020 due to the youth wing taking a more radical approach to politics. In late 2020 the party cut ties with ROOD.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: At one point, two Trotskyist entryist groups operated within the SP. This included Offensive, now called Socialist Alternative, and the International Socialists. The latter was expelled on the grounds of double membership. The similar yet very small group Offensief was not considered a factor of power, but its members were banned from the SP in February 2009, on the grounds of being "a party within a party". Members of the party Socialist Alternative Politics still operate within the SP.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: The SP has always been in opposition on a national level, although there are now numerous examples of government participation on a local and provincial level. On many issues, the SP is the most left-wing party in parliament. Between 1994 and 2002, the Labour Party (PvdA) had a conscious strategy to isolate the party, always voting against the latter's proposals. However, the party did co-operate well with GreenLeft. After its disastrous election result in 2002, the PvdA, now back in opposition, did co-operate with the SP against some of the policies of the centre-right Balkenende government and their relationship improved significantly. New tensions arose after the 2006 general election, when the SP approached the PvdA in electoral support and the PvdA joined the government whereas the SP did not.


title: Socialist Party (Netherlands)

text: As of 2016, the ruling VVD–PvdA coalition has meant that the PvdA lost a huge part of its base. In the polls, the party stand at around 12 seats and losing 26, a stable position for the last three years. Despite that, the SP has gained little to nothing, remaining stable at around 16 seats in the same polls.


title: Born Again (The Notorious B.I.G. album)

text: Born Again is the first posthumous compilation album by American rapper the Notorious B.I.G., released by Bad Boy Records and Arista Records on December 7, 1999. It is composed primarily of early recorded verses with newer beats and guest rappers.


title: Born Again (The Notorious B.I.G. album)

text: The album debuted at #1 on the "Billboard" 200 chart with 485,000 albums sold in the first week, and was certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA on January 14, 2000 and has sold over 2,350,000 copies in the United States. "Born Again" received generally mixed reviews from music critics.


title: Born Again (The Notorious B.I.G. album)

text: The album generally received mixed reviews from critics. In a contemporary review for "Rolling Stone", Touré wrote that the "album won't damage his legacy. But "Born Again" won't improve that legacy much, either." Rob Sheffield later wrote in "The Rolling Stone Album Guide", "the posthumous "Born Again" proved Biggie was still dead, but his place in the MCs Hall of Fame remains untouchable." Robert Christgau, who gave the release a "dud" rating, later wrote, "Remember that posthumous outtakes CD Bad Boy attributed to Biggie? No? Good then—it was foul, not just ill shit but stupid ill shit."


title: Vijay Arora

text: Vijay Arora (27 December 1944 – 2 February 2007) was an Indian actor in Hindi films and television serials who was known for "Yaadon Ki Baaraat" and as Indrajit in the television serial "Ramayan".


title: Vijay Arora

text: He also appeared in the series "Bharat Ek Khoj", directed by Shyam Benegal as Prince Salim/Emperor Jahangir. He also played various characters in Ramanand Sagar's successful serial "Vikram Aur Betal".


title: Vijay Arora

text: In 2001, he was seen in two serials, "Lakeerein" and "Talaash", and Ketan Mehta's "Pradhan Mantri". He acted in "Jaana Na Dil Se Door", directed by Vijay Anand. Arora appeared in Gujarati cinema in films like "Raja Harish Chandra", with Madhuri Dixit. He had acted in several Hindi and Gujarati plays. He did over 110 films and over 500 broadcast television serial episodes.


title: Vijay Arora

text: Arora was married to ex-model and Miss India, Dilber Debara, and they have a son Farhad. Arora died on 2 February 2007 at his residence, due to a stomach ailment.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: The Amazing Race Australia 6 is the sixth season of the Australian reality television game show "The Amazing Race Australia", an Australian spin-off of the American series "The Amazing Race", and the third instalment of Network 10's iteration of the show. The season featured twenty teams of two with a pre-existing relationship in a race around the world to win the grand prize of and two new cars (an Isuzu D-MAX and an Isuzu MU-X).


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: Beau Ryan returned as the regular host with presenter Scott Tweedie guest hosting for Episodes 8-11 after Ryan caught COVID-19 during filming.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: Married couple Heath Curry & Toni Hilland were the winners of this season. They are the first male/female team to win in the Australian edition of "The Amazing Race", with Toni also becoming the first female winner overall in the entire series.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: On 20 October 2021, Network 10 announced at upfronts that a new season was set to air in the second half of 2022.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: Unlike the previous season which filmed solely in Australia due to COVID-19 restrictions, Beverley McGarvey, Executive Vice President and Chief Content Officer of Paramount Global Australia and New Zealand, stated that she intended for the show to resume travelling internationally again after the American version resumed international travel for Series 33 in September 2021. On 2 February 2022, Daniel Monaghan, 10's Head of Programming, reaffirmed that the show would still be filming internationally as the Omicron surge began to subside.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: Filming for the season began in March 2022. This season introduced a new twist involving two groups of ten teams starting "The Amazing Race Australia" separately and oblivious to the existence of the other, one in Sydney and one in Melbourne, and racing separately before converging in the next leg. Though described as a "world-first" and by Beau Ryan as "an "Amazing Race" franchise first," this split Starting Line twist previously appeared on the fourth and fifth seasons of "HaMerotz LaMillion", the Israeli version of "The Amazing Race", in 2014 and 2016 respectively. Unlike the Israeli version, the split Starting Lines were separated into two legs. On 5 March 2022, Beau Ryan was spotted in Chefchaouen, Morocco. On 20 March, "TV Blackbox" reported that a few crew members had tested positive for COVID-19 requiring some of the crew including Beau Ryan to self-isolate in hotels while the rest of the crew continued filming. From Legs 8 to 11, Scott Tweedie was brought in to replace Ryan as host while he was in isolation. According to TV Tonight, Tweedie was contacted prior to the season to potentially step in as host as part of the production's COVID-safe contingency plan. This season is the third time a show has changed hosts partway through filming after the first season of the Chinese edition and the sixth season of the Vietnamese edition. The show then travelled to İzmir, Turkey. Filming wrapped in April 2022.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: This season also travelled to Greece, Mexico and Colombia. Belize was also visited for the first time on any edition of "The Amazing Race". This season was the second time "The Amazing Race Australia" visited all six inhabited continents after "The Amazing Race Australia v New Zealand" as well as the fourth time overall after "The Amazing Race US 5" and "The Amazing Race US 11".


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: Notable Pit Stop greeters for this season included Moroccan singer Dalal Barnoussi in Leg 3, Mister Supranational Greece 2021 in Leg 4, Greek Winter Olympian Maria Ntanou in Leg 6, Akinrobotics' humanoid robot ADA in Leg 7, Belize City mayor Bernard Wagner in Leg 13 and boxers Yéssica Montiel and Katya Martel Ayala in Leg 17.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: The Speed Bump which was not in the previous season, was brought back into this season for the teams that returned after self-isolating due to COVID-19. This season was the first season in the world to feature two no-rest legs back-to-back, as well as the first time in the Australian version to have a team be eliminated in a no-rest leg.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: This is the first (and to date, currently the only) season in the Australian version not to feature an Intersection or a Fast Forward.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: Casting for the season began in early November 2021. Contestants were required to be fully vaccinated with filming expected to occur from February 2022 over four to seven weeks.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: The cast was revealed on 22 August 2022. With 20 teams, this is the largest number of teams on any season of "Amazing Race" worldwide and tied with "" for the most contestants at 40.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: The following teams participated in the season, each listed along with leg placements and subtitles listed on the program. This table may not necessarily be reflective of all content broadcast on the program, owing to the inclusion or exclusion of some data. Placements are listed in finishing order.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: This season's first Detour was a choice between In a Line or Off the Line. In In a Line, teams had to find a marked date vendor and order five dates from least expensive to most expensive to receive their next clue. In Off the Line, teams had to sort a pile of laundry by identifying five family name tags written in Arabic and fold each set of clothes to receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: In this season's first Roadblock, one team member had to complete a series of challenges relating to the filming of "The Mummy" at Atlas Studios – mummifying themselves using bandages with assistance from their partner, walking on hot coals with a torch, carrying a spear across a balance beam and placing the spear on a statue, jumping through three fiery hoops and then smashing through a brick wall. Once they complete the stunt course within 45 seconds, they received their next clue. For safety reasons, racers had to retry if their bandages come off.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: This leg's Detour was a choice between Splash or Dash. In Splash, teams had to find six water sellers wearing red and yellow tassels and total the brass cups that they were wearing (71) to receive their next clue. In Dash, teams had to find one of four lanterns flashing Morse code and translate the message (Enlightening) to receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to eat three preserved lemons to receive their next clue. Racers would perform this task based on the order that they arrived at Hotel Cecil.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: In this leg's Roadblock, teams had to find La Botica de la Abuela Aladdin and choose a number. Entering the shop the next morning in groups of three, one team member had two minutes to search for a stack of Moroccan black soap marked with an "Amazing Race" flag; otherwise they had to go to the back of the queue. After memorising the stack, racers had to replicate it using the soap outside to receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: This leg's Detour was a choice between Step Up or Step Down. In Step Up, teams had to learn and perform the changing of the guard routine of the Greek Presidential Guards, known as Evzones, to receive their next clue. In Step Down, teams had to make two pairs of classic Greek sandals then complete a three-legged race to receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: This leg's Detour was a choice between Hustle or Bustle. In Hustle, teams had to sort through a pile of fish and extract of octopus, of bass and of sardines to receive their next clue. In Bustle, teams had to repair of damaged fishing net to receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to correctly perform three out of five parkour moves to receive their next clue from Panos.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to prepare kokoreç by tightly wrapping sheep intestines and stomach lining onto a skewer then eat a serving of kokoreç to receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to make a "nazar boncuğu", a glass talisman meant to ward off the evil eye, to receive their next clue from the master craftsman.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: This leg's Detour was a choice between Street Procession or Sweet Obsession. In Street Procession, teams had to dress in festival attire, learn a Turkish folk dance and then perform the dance in a parade to receive their next clue. In Sweet Obsession, one team member had to wrap mesir paste sweets and toss them over their shoulder from a balcony. Their partner had to use an umbrella to catch 50 sweets before receiving their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: In this leg's Roadblock, which was presented to viewers as an additional task, one team member had to drive a JetCar, an amphibious sports car, through a marked course and perform a figure eight and two doughnuts within 90 seconds to receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: This leg's Detour was a choice between Sparkle or Spoke. In Sparkle, teams had to correctly sort real and synthetic emeralds to receive their next clue. In Spoke, teams had to play bike polo and score a goal against a defender within ten minutes to receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: As a result of re-entering "The Amazing Race Australia", Kathy & Chace and Stuart & Glennon had to complete a Speed Bump and purchase three additional herbs before travelling to the Pit Stop.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: This leg's Detour was a choice between Brew or Bunch. In Brew, teams had to search through a sack of coffee beans and find five beans that have letters that spell "AROMA" to receive their next clue. In Bunch, teams had to collect flowers and recreate a flower arrangement called a "silleta", commonly seen during Festival of the Flowers. After placing the "silleta" on a team member's back, teams would receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to eat an eyeball salad and "tripa de cerda", which includes pig intestines and tongue, to receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to clean 36 recycled rum bottles and then place them on drying racks to receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: This leg's Detour was a choice between Heat or Beat. Once teams arrived at a task, they could not switch. In Heat, teams had to eat 25 hot meat pies to receive their next clue. Teams had to put the pot's lid back on after grabbing a pie; otherwise they had to start over. In Beat, teams had to learn to play "Waltzing Matilda" on the steelpan then play in unison with the Pantempters Steel Orchestra to receive their next clue from the bandleader.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: As a result of re-entering "The Amazing Race Australia", Fliss & Tottie, Jodie & Claire, Kelly & Georgia and Tiffany & Cynthia had to complete a Speed Bump, where they had to clean 10 items of school furniture before they could continue racing.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: This leg's Detour was a choice between Score or Solve. In Score, teams had to play "pok-a-tok" and score a goal by getting a ball through a ring without using their hands to receive their next clue. Teams had to go to the back of the queue if they missed after six attempts. In Solve, teams had to solve a puzzle by spinning 36 movable pieces, each of which had Maya numerals, so that each number appeared only once in any direction to receive their next clue. The blocks with red marks were already in the correct position.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: In this leg's first Roadblock, one team member had to swim in shark-inhabited waters and find a conch marked with "Amazing Race" colours to receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: This leg's Detour was a choice between Twirl It or Twerk It. In Twirl It, teams had to braid a woman's hair to make eight cornrows and receive their next clue. In Twerk It, teams had to learn and perform a soca dance to receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: In this leg's second Roadblock, one team member, regardless of who performed the first Roadblock, had to slowly pedal a bike for 150 seconds to the end of a short, bumpy road to receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: As a result of re-entering "The Amazing Race Australia", Lauren & Steph had to complete a Speed Bump, where the team member who didn't perform the second Roadblock had to complete it before they could continue racing.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to freedive to the bottom of a cenote to retrieve their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: This season's final Detour was a choice between Cactus of Chorus. In Cactus, teams had to make five cactus tacos to receive their next clue. In Chorus, teams had to sing "La Cucaracha" with a mariachi band to receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to count the number of light pink-coloured papel picado (79) strung among 3,000 to receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to complete a flower embroidery to receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to memorise Australian aviation trivia during an aerobatics flight. After returning to the ground, they had to correctly answer five questions to receive their next clue. The questions were: (1) What is the minimum altitude you need to be at to perform aerial aerobatics? (3,000 feet); (2) What percentage of airspace does Australia control? (11%); (3) How many years ago did the first air mail run start in Australia? (100); (4) In which country was the black box invented? (Australia); (5) What was the name of the aircraft used to deliver sugar cubes containing polio vaccine to the Outback? (Sugar Bird).


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: In this leg's Roadblock, both team members had to travel by Segway to the island's airfield, where one team member had to perform a skydive and reunite with their partner at Army Jetty to receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: In this leg's first Roadblock, one team member had to collect a panel of eight oysters, submerge them in water, coax four to open and insert a peg. If one had a pearl, teams would receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: In this season's final Roadblock, one team member, regardless of who performed the first Roadblock, had to collect a bucket and spade from Mantra Frangipani then drive to Simpsons Beach. Then, they had to search through 200 sandcastles until they found a button to receive their next clue.


title: The Amazing Race Australia 6

text: Rating data is from OzTAM and represents the viewership from the 5 largest Australian metropolitan centres (Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide).


title: RFL Championship

text: The Championship, known as the Betfred Championship for sponsorship reasons, is a professional rugby league competition. It is the second-tier competition organised by the Rugby Football League, the governing body for the sport in England, and consists of 14 teams, with promotion to the Super League and relegation to the third-tier competition, League One. The league announced a two-year sponsorship deal with the bookmaking company Betfred ahead of the 2018 season. The current champions are Leigh Centurions, winners of the 2022 season after beating Batley Bulldogs in the Million Pound Game to win promotion to Super League 2023.


title: RFL Championship

text: Second division rugby league competitions have been played at various times since 1902, and have been in place annually since 1973. When Super League began in 1996, the second division continued to operate a system of promotion and relegation with the new competition. In 1999, the second-tier competition below the Super League was renamed the Northern Ford Premiership (NFP) when Northern Ford Dealers acquired the naming rights.


title: RFL Championship

text: In 2003, the NFP was re-organised into National Leagues One and Two. Teams that finished in the top ten league positions of the 2002 Northern Ford Premiership joined National League One and the bottom eight joined National League Two. They were joined by London Skolars from the Rugby League Conference, who entered National League Two, and York City Knights, who replaced the defunct York Wasps (who had folded mid-season in 2002) and also joined National League Two in 2003, creating two ten-team leagues which operated a system of promotion and relegation between themselves while also maintaining the promotion and relegation between National League One and Super League.


title: RFL Championship

text: At the same time, National League Three was created with teams from the Rugby League Conference and from the British Amateur Rugby League Association amateur leagues. It was intended that there would be promotion and relegation between National League Two and National League Three when League Three became more established, however this never eventuated.


title: RFL Championship

text: In 2009 Super League was expanded to 14 teams, with two additional teams being promoted from National League One. In turn, two additional teams were promoted from National League Two to National League One at the end of the 2008 season, reducing the number of teams in National League Two to 10. National Leagues One and Two were then rebranded as the Championship and Championship 1 respectively, with the change being implemented in time for the 2009 season. Championship 1 was later rebranded to League 1. During this period, a system of licensing was put in place which meant there was no automatic system of promotion and relegation between the Championship and Super League, although promotion and relegation continued between the Championship and League 1. Widnes Vikings were promoted to Super League from the Championship via the licensing system in 2011.


title: RFL Championship

text: The record crowd for a club game at this level of competition was set in 2017 at KCOM Craven Park for the opening fixture of the season between Hull Kingston Rovers and Bradford Bulls with Rovers winning 54–24 in front of a crowd of 8,817. The crowd record for regular season attendance was also broken in 2008 with an average of 2,205 spectators at each game.


title: RFL Championship

text: In 2013, Super League clubs agreed to reduce the number of clubs in the competition to 12 and return to an amended system of promotion and relegation with a 12-club Championship competition. These changes came into effect for the 2015 season.


title: RFL Championship

text: Under the amended structure, the 12 Super League and 12 Championship clubs play a regular season of 23 rounds, including a Magic Weekend for both divisions. Following the conclusion of their regular league seasons, the 24 clubs then compete in a play-off series where they split into 3 divisions of 8 based upon league position:


title: RFL Championship

text: On 14 September 2018, an EGM was called to discuss the future of the sport and a change in structure, as the clubs were in favour of scrapping the Super 8s in favour of a more conventional structure. Two proposals were put forward: one by Super League and one by the Championship and League 1;


title: RFL Championship

text: Super League proposal: The Super League proposed staying with 12 teams who play each other home and away plus Magic Weekend and 6 loop fixtures (29 games). They also proposed a return to a top-5 playoff and the 12th placed team being relegated.


title: RFL Championship

text: Championship & League 1 proposal: The alternative proposal was that Super League would expand to 14 clubs playing 29 games ending with a top-5 playoff. The team finishing 14th would be relegated and 13th would play 2nd, 3rd and 4th in the Championship in a relegation playoff.


title: RFL Championship

text: After a vote, the Super League proposal was voted through was implemented for the 2019 season. The Championship clubs then voted for a top 5 playoff being used to decide which team will be promoted to Super League.


title: RFL Championship

text: The 14 teams compete in the Championship. They play each other once home and away interrupted by the Summer Bash. Two points are awarded for a win and one for a draw. At the end of the season the bottom two teams are relegated and the top 5 take part in the playoffs.


title: RFL Championship

text: In 2015 the Championship staged its own Magic Weekend held at Bloomfield Road where all 14 Championship clubs play an extra round usually against a rival.


title: RFL Championship

text: The current play-off system was previously used between 2003 and 2006 and is used by the Super League.


title: RFL Championship

text: The champions of the Championship, and the team promoted to the Super League (except during the licensing period), is determined by a playoff series at the end of the regular season. The team at the top of the league table at the end of regular season is awarded the RFL Championship Leaders' Shield. This has been the case for all but the four seasons of the Super 8s era where the league leaders were declared champions and promotion was determined by The Qualifiers.


title: RFL Championship

text: The Championship has been sponsored four times since its inception in 2003. Betfred are the current title sponsor.


title: RFL Championship

text: The title sponsor has been able to determine the league's sponsorship name. There have been seven different title sponsors since the league's formation:


title: RFL Championship

text: Sky Sports and Premier Sports shared the TV rights to the Championship between 2008 and 2012. After Sky only showed the Championship and Championship 1 Grand Finals while games were broadcast on Premier Sports until 2013. There was no TV coverage on the Championship in 2014. In 2015 Sky Sports won the rights to show the Championship including The Summer Bash, Championship Shield and The Qualifiers in a seven-year deal.


title: RFL Championship

text: A two-year broadcast deal with Premier Sports for 2022 and 2023 was signed at the end of 2021. Premier will show a live match every Monday as well as all seven matches from the Summer Bash. The deal also includes the broadcasting rights to play-off matches and the Million Pound Game.


title: RFL Championship

text: Regional radio stations have coverage of the Championship clubs but mostly only cover Super League clubs in the same area and give updates of Championship scores and results.


title: RFL Championship

text: In 2014 and 2015 Super League clubs were unhappy with the Dual registration system and wanted to form an Under 23 reserve leagues between the Under 19s and 1st team. Wigan, Warrington and St Helens were the first teams to propose the return of the reserve league where players could move from the under 19s and play with professional players before playing in the 1st team. A reserve league was set up in 2016 with a mixture of Super League, Championship and League 1 teams.


title: RFL Championship

text: Clubs in both the Super League and the Championships benefit from the new dual registration system which was introduced for the 2013 season. The new system is intended to complement the existing player loan system.


title: RFL Championship

text: Dual registration refers to an arrangement between clubs whereby a player continues to be registered to his current Super League club and is also registered to play for a club in the Championship. The system is aimed at young Super League players who are thought to be not quite ready to make the step up to ‘week in, week out’ Super League first team duties but for whom first team match experience is likely to be beneficial for their development.


title: RFL Championship

text: All rugby league matches are governed by the laws set out by the RFL; these laws are enforced by match officials. Former Super League and International Referee Steve Ganson is the current Head of the Match Officials Department and Technical Director.


title: Kenny Powers (character)

text: Kenny Powers is a fictional world famous baseball player in the HBO television comedy series "Eastbound & Down", played by Danny McBride. He is portrayed as a once dominant baseball pitcher, whose poor work ethic, ego, and short temper jeopardized his professional career. In season one, Powers becomes a substitute physical education teacher who is attempting to make a return to Major League Baseball.


title: Kenny Powers (character)

text: As a 19-year-old closing pitcher, Powers enjoys a spectacular Major League debut, leading Atlanta to the World Series. But Powers' abrasive personality leads him to trouble as he bounces from Atlanta to New York, then to San Francisco, Boston, and finally Seattle in subsequent years. Powers quickly wears out his welcome everywhere he goes, enraging fans with inflammatory statements as his fastball rapidly loses velocity. He tries to compensate for this weakness by using steroids to improve his performance, but in less than seven years he finds his Major League Baseball career over. Lost for direction, he goes back to his hometown of Shelby, North Carolina to accept a job as a substitute physical education teacher at his former school, Jefferson Davis Middle School. He simultaneously tries to win back the affections of former flame April Buchanon while also trying to earn another shot at the majors. He eventually flees to Mexico in shame when his planned Major League comeback fails to materialize.


title: Kenny Powers (character)

text: After laying low in Mexico and playing in an independent league, Kenny finally gets an opportunity for redemption when he's signed by the Myrtle Beach Mermen, the minor league affiliate of the Texas baseball organization. Though still prone to unpredictable and abrasive behavior, Powers manages to keep it together long enough to achieve his dream and he gets called up to pitch in the majors again. However, Powers fakes his own death, believing it is the only way to win back April's heart.


title: Kenny Powers (character)

text: Years after Kenny fakes his death (which he was arrested for) he lives in suburbia with his wife and two children as an employee of a car rental company. Upon meeting an old sports colleague, Kenny, who is fed up with his boring life, quits his job and gets his friend to offer him a guest spot on his show "The Sports Sesh". After an embarrassing first appearance, Kenny trains to be better and verbally knocks the current wild card football star of the show until he quits, and Kenny received thunderous applause.


title: Kenny Powers (character)

text: HBO introduced officially licensed "Eastbound & Down" T-shirts featuring quotes from the show as well as shirts based on Kenny Powers' Atlanta and Charros jersey.


title: Kenny Powers (character)

text: In 2011, K-Swiss began an ad campaign featuring Kenny Powers as the new CEO of K-Swiss. The campaign focuses on the new "Tubes" line of K-Swiss shoes.


title: Sam Hoare (actor)

text: Simon Patrick Douro Hoare (born 27 June 1981), known by the stage-name Sam Hoare, is a British actor and director known for his role as rower Dickie Burnell, alongside Matt Smith, in BBC One Olympic drama "Bert and Dickie" (2012).


title: Sam Hoare (actor)

text: Hoare wrote and directed his début feature film, "Having You", which was premièred in May 2013 on Sky Movies.


title: Sam Hoare (actor)

text: Born Simon Patrick Douro Hoare, he is the son of the late Timothy James Douro Hoare and his former wife "Linda" Kinvara Cayzer, the granddaughter of Herbert Cayzer, 1st Baron Rotherwick. Hoare was educated at Eton College, and then read Philosophy and Psychology at the University of Edinburgh, where he performed in a number of plays at the student theatre.


title: Sam Hoare (actor)

text: Hoare went on to perform on stage, including productions at the Chichester Theatre, Shakespeare's Globe and The Theatre Royal Haymarket, for a 6-month run of "Breakfast at Tiffany's" directed by Sean Mathias. Alongside his theatrical and TV appearances, including "Eastenders" and "Doctors", Hoare appeared in films; with Nicole Kidman in "The Golden Compass" and Samuel L. Jackson in "Captain America".


title: Sam Hoare (actor)

text: After his role in "Bert & Dickie" in 2012, Hoare guest-starred in BBC1's "Father Brown" and in Stephen Poliakoff's BBC2 drama "Dancing on the Edge", as well as a comedy lead in "Blandings" for BBC1, based on the celebrated stories of P.G. Wodehouse; also starring Jennifer Saunders, Timothy Spall, David Walliams and Paloma Faith.


title: Sam Hoare (actor)

text: Hoare played the role of production assistant Douglas Camfield in the BBC drama "An Adventure in Space and Time" to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of "Doctor Who".


title: Sam Hoare (actor)

text: Hoare has directed a number of music videos and two short films; "Training Day" which was accepted into several major festivals including the "Rushes Soho Shorts Festival" and the "Encounters International Film Festival"; and more recently, "Babysitting" starring Romola Garai, Dan Stevens and Imogen Stubbs.


title: Sam Hoare (actor)

text: Alongside "Having You", Hoare has a number of feature writing projects in development, as well as a TV pilot "Underperforming" which is currently in development with Finite Films.


title: Sam Hoare (actor)

text: In March 2013 the actress Romola Garai gave birth to their daughter. Hoare and Garai were married in July 2014.


title: Golden Axe

text: "Golden Axe" is a side-scrolling arcade beat 'em up game released in 1989 by Sega. Makoto Uchida was the primary developer of the game and also was responsible for the creation of "Altered Beast". The game places the player in control of one of three warriors each bent on revenge against the vile dictator Death Adder. Death Adder has taken over the once peaceful land of Yuria and murdered their friend and partner, Alex. Several ports of the game were created, most notably for the Mega Drive/Genesis and Master System. Several sequels followed.


title: Golden Axe

text: The game focuses on three heroes. One of them is a battle-axe-wielding dwarf, Gilius Thunderhead, from the mines of Wolud, whose twin brother was killed by the soldiers of Death Adder. Another is a male barbarian, Ax Battler, wielding a two-handed broadsword, looking for revenge for the murder of his mother. The last is a longsword-wielding amazon, Tyris Flare, whose parents were killed by Death Adder.


title: Golden Axe

text: Progress is made through the game by hacking and slashing your way through Adder's forces. Aiding the characters in this quest is their ability to cast spells that hurt all enemies on the screen. The force of this magic depends on the number of "bars" of magic power currently available. The bars are filled by collecting blue 'magic potions' found throughout the game. The male warrior Ax, limited to 4 bars, is able to cast Earth spells. The dwarf Gilius, limited to 3 bars, casts lightning spells. The female warrior Tyris can cast devastating fire magic, but her most powerful spell costs 6 bars.


title: Golden Axe

text: Each of the heroes from the first game return to battle the forces of evil villain Dark Guld in this sequel. While "Golden Axe II" was a Mega Drive/Genesis exclusive from a development point of view, it saw limited arcade exposure in the MegaPlay series of arcade machines. Released in 1991, the game featured new magic for each of the heroes with the characteristic magic pots from the first game replaced by spell books this time around.


title: Golden Axe

text: Many video game magazine editors of the time expressed that the game was very likely rushed into production to give Sega another popular title to enable the Mega Drive/Genesis to compete with its new rival, the Super NES. In most respects this sequel was essentially the same as the original, though it had new sprites for enemy characters and new levels. Many fans were disappointed with this title as they were expecting more than a rehash of the first title. However, the title had the virtue of not straying too far from a successful formula and was still quite popular upon its release.


title: Golden Axe

text: In 1992, Sega released "Golden Axe: The Revenge of Death Adder" in arcades. Despite its popularity, the game remained an arcade exclusive up until its appearance in 2020 on the Astro City Mini and Arcade1Up's smaller scale recreation of the original arcade cabinet.


title: Golden Axe

text: Only Gilius Thunderhead makes a return, riding the back of new character Goah the giant. The rest of the cast is all new and includes Stern Blade the barbarian, Dora the female centaur, and Little Trix, a young lad who carries a pitch fork. The main enemy is once again Death Adder.


title: Golden Axe

text: As well as introducing multiple paths to the franchise, the magic aspect was adjusted. Though still found in the classic "Golden Axe" pots, the magic spells did not increase in power with the number of pots collected but required a set number to work. "The Revenge of Death Adder" was the only "Golden Axe" game in which one of the magic attacks was not offensive, as Little Trix grew apple trees with fruit that replenished health.


title: Golden Axe

text: At the game's end, Death Adder rises one more time. Gilius sacrifices his life to finally end Adder's. During the end cinematic Gilius is shown in a bar with every other character, and a banner appears saying, "See you Next Game!"


title: Golden Axe

text: Released in 1993, after "Revenge of the Death Adder", the third "Golden Axe" game on the Mega Drive was released only in Japan. However, the game was available for a while in North America on the Sega Channel, Sega's modem-based game downloading system. It was brought to Europe and North America on the Nintendo Wii's Virtual Console. The game's lineup of playable characters includes swordsman Kain Grinder (カイン・グリンダー), swordswoman Sarah Barn (サラ・バーン), giant Braoude Cragger (プラウド・クラッガー) and beastman Chronos "Evil" Lait (クロノス・”イビル”・レート). Gilius also appear as a non-playable character at the character select screen.


title: Golden Axe

text: In this game the object is to travel along a number of truly branching paths and eventually defeat the main boss of the game, the Prince of Darkness. The player can choose different branching paths in this game toward that objective just as in "Revenge of Death Adder". The paths in this game are more elaborate and do not loop back together. Many of the characters are good characters that were possessed, and once beaten they are freed. A king turned into an anthropomorphic eagle is a recurring boss who may possibly be Prince Hellbringer's right-hand man, and is playable in VS mode.


title: Golden Axe

text: As opposed to "Golden Axe II", where the characters, moves, and controls remained largely the same, "Golden Axe III" brought many changes to the gameplay. The background scenery was less lush and colorful than in previous games, as were the sprites themselves. There was a greater variety of moves. Furthermore, there were several abilities unique to certain characters: for example, the Braoude could throw, while the Chronos and Sarah could double jump and wall jump. Finally, each character had a super-move with its own unique button combination.


title: Golden Axe

text: Some features were returned to the title that had been cut in previous sequels. "Golden Axe III" brought back the thieves from the original game, rather than the mages from "Golden Axe II". Also, extra lives could be gained by freeing prisoners scattered throughout the levels. The magic system was returned to the original version where all pots are used at the same time, as opposed to the improved system in "Golden Axe II" that allowed the player to only use as many spellbooks as they wanted.


title: Golden Axe

text: Critics applauded Sega's decision not to release "Golden Axe III" in North America, speculating that the game's drab graphics and generally mediocre quality would have damaged the Sega Genesis's reputation.


title: Golden Axe

text: The game is titled "Golden Axe: Beast Rider" and features the return of Tyris Flare, the female amazon warrior from the first installments of the series. "Golden Axe: Beast Rider" was released in October 2008. Due to poor reception of the game, "Beast Rider" marks the final entry in the series up to this point.


title: Golden Axe

text: This Master System title tells another epic tale about the Golden Axe. It is an action-adventure game similar to "The Legend of Zelda". The storyline continues the theme of the original "Golden Axe" games. The game's unit of currency is horns, and it is to be imagined that the hero cut these off of the enemies he killed.


title: Golden Axe

text: Released for the Game Gear, this action-adventure title follows the legend of the character Ax Battler. Unlike its console counterpart, it is based more on "" than the original game. The player moves around a top-view overworld and enemies randomly attack. However the player can not see them like in "Zelda II". When a battle begins, the transitions to a platform-style fighting environment. After killing the foe (or the foe wounding them) the hero returns to the overworld.


title: Golden Axe

text: Unlike previous "Golden Axe" games, the player can learn new attacks and moves at the training dojos in each town. The currency in this game is pots, the traditional "Golden Axe" magic-usage item. Pots double as both currency and as an offensive attack.


title: Golden Axe

text: Released in 1994 in the arcades and in 1995 for the Sega Saturn, "Golden Axe: The Duel" is a one-on-one fighting game featuring characters who appear to be descendants of some of the characters in the original game. Though the potion-dropping imp mechanic was praised, most dismissed the game as a decent but nondescript one-on-one fighter.


title: Golden Axe

text: The Sega Reborn project was originally planned for development by Sega Studios Australia in the early 2010s, which would have included 2.5D reboots of the original game, along with those of "Streets of Rage" and "Altered Beast". However, the project cancelled after Sega Studios Australia closed down in 2013. As part of Sega's 60th anniversary celebration, a working proof-of-concept prototype of the planned "Golden Axe" reboot, posthumously titled "Golden Axed: A Cancelled Prototype", received a limited one-day release on Steam on October 18, 2020.


title: Golden Axe

text: The release of the prototype received controversy from fans and critics when one of its original developers, Tim Dawson, spoke up in opposition to the lack of any credits on the cancelled game. He also took issue with the fact that the game was described as "buggy" and "janky" when it was actually created under crunch conditions, and that, as a fan of the series, he had worked "long 7 day work weeks" on developing it before it was arbitrarily cancelled for lacking a "wow factor" and being too different from "God of War", making him feel "dead inside". This led to Sega Europe issuing an apology and modifying the game's description to remove the offending text, saying that it was a comment on that version of the game rather than the quality of the work itself.


title: Golden Axe

text: The characters from the original "Golden Axe" have made cameo appearances in other Sega games. Ax Battler, Gilius Thunderhead and Tyris Flare all make a cameo appearance in the arcade version of "Alien Storm". They can be found on one of the in-game television screens; a "Golden Axe" logo can also be seen during that cameo. Gilius Thunderhead makes another cameo appearance in the game, as part of a panel of judges rating the player's score.


title: Golden Axe

text: Gilius Thunderhead is also a playable character in "Sega Superstars Tennis" and "Sonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed". The latter also features a racetrack inspired by Golden Axe called "Adder's Lair". Ax Battler and Tyris Flare are available as playable characters in the Easy Mode of the "Sega Ages 2500" version of "Dynamite Deka". Death Adder also makes an appearance as one of the game's bosses.


title: Golden Axe

text: Chickenleg, the pink cockatrice with the tail lash from the first game, first appeared as an enemy in "Altered Beast".


title: Golden Axe

text: In 2014, Sega formed the production company Stories International and teaming up with Evan Cholfin for film and TV projects based on their games with "Golden Axe" as an animated project with Universal Studios developing as a movie or TV series.


title: Golden Axe

text: Gilius makes frequent appearances in the 2014 anime "Hi-sCoool! SeHa Girls", alongside other SEGA characters. Of the cameo characters, Gilius notably appears and is referenced more often than some of the others.


title: Golden Axe

text: "Golden Axe" was featured in the British comic "Sonic the Comic", which was published by Fleetway. The series was titled ""The Legend of the Golden Axe"" and had two six-issue runs, written by Mark Eyles and illustrated by Mike White. Issues 1–6 feature the story "Citadel of Dead Souls", wherein a necromancer attempts to resurrect Dark Guld. Issues 13–18 have the story "Plague of Serpents", which involves a snake-charmer named Cobraxis kidnapping the Queen of Gilius' dwarf race. The story takes place in the aftermath of "Golden Axe II".