title: Gulf of Thailand

text: The gulf is relatively shallow: its mean depth is and the maximum depth is only . This makes water exchange slow, and the strong water inflow from the rivers reduces the level of salinity in the gulf (3.05–3.25 percent) and enriches the sediments. Only at greater depths does water with a higher salinity (3.4 percent) flow into the gulf from the South China Sea. It fills the central depression below a depth of . The main rivers which empty into the gulf are the Chao Phraya, including its distributary Tha Chin River, the Mae Klong, and Bang Pakong rivers at the Bay of Bangkok, and to a lesser degree the Tapi River flowing into Bandon Bay in the southwest of the gulf.


title: Gulf of Thailand

text: The International Hydrographic Organization defines the southern limit of the gulf as "[a] line running from the Western extreme of Cambodia or Camau Point (8°36'N) to the Northern extreme of the point on the East side of the estuary of the Kelantan River ()".


title: Gulf of Thailand

text: The seabed morphology in the central depression of the gulf is characterised by the presence of elongated mounds and ridges arranged parallel to the axis of the basin. This morphology, widespread within the gulf in water depths exceeding 50 m, covers an area of tens of thousands of square kilometres.


title: Gulf of Thailand

text: It reflects an interaction between sediment dewatering and the erosional activity of the present-day bottom currents. The sediment dewatering and fluid seepage result in the formation of numerous small pits and pockmarks. The long-term erosion imposed by currents of stable orientation modifies pockmarks into long runnels and depressions, and ultimately leads to the formation of the large fields of elongated mounds and ridges, as well as the residual outliers of un-eroded mud and clay sheets.


title: Gulf of Thailand

text: There are 75,590 rai of coral reef in the gulf, of which five percent are considered to be in fertile condition. In 2010 severe coral bleaching occurred at most reef sites in the country. Bleaching of reefs in the Andaman Sea was more severe and extensive than that in the Gulf of Thailand. In 2016, coral bleaching was detected at Ko Thalu and Ko Lueam in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province for the first time. Scientists have determined that bleaching starts when seawater temperature rises beyond 30 °C for more than three weeks. Given the prolonged period of temperatures up to 32 °C at Ko Thalu in Prachuap Khiri Khan, five to ten percent of corals in the area are already bleached.


title: Gulf of Thailand

text: Coastal water monitoring results in 2015 from 202 sampling locations, collected twice annually, indicate that no Thai coastal waters were found to be in excellent condition. Sixteen percent of coastal water was of good quality, 72 percent was of fair quality, 9 percent was of poor quality and 3 percent was of very poor quality. The quality of all coastal waters exhibited similar percentages — most were of fair quality — except for the Inner Gulf of Thailand, where the coastal water was poor to very poor. In comparison to coastal water quality as measured in 2014, water quality has deteriorated. Some gulf waters off Chachoengsao Province, Samut Sakhon Province, Samut Prakan Province, Bangkok, Rayong Province, Chonburi Province, Phetchaburi Province, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, and Surat Thani Province were judged to have coastal waters in "poor" or "very poor" condition. Songkhla was the only province on the gulf with coastal water rated "good" quality.


title: Gulf of Thailand

text: Of Thailand's total marine catch, 41 percent is caught in the Gulf of Thailand and 19 percent in the Andaman Sea. Forty percent is caught in waters outside Thailand's EEZ.


title: Gulf of Thailand

text: Thailand has 1,660 kilometres of coastline bordering the gulf. "Severe erosion", more than five metres of coastline loss per year, afflicts 670 kilometres of that total. At least some of the erosion is attributable to the clearing of mangrove forests to make way for shrimp farms.


title: Gulf of Thailand

text: In February 2017, a 10 kilometer-long patch of plastic refuse was found floating off Chumphon Province. Thailand is among the world's worst plastic polluters. More than half of "land-based plastic waste leakage" into the sea originates from just five countries: China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam.


title: Gulf of Thailand

text: The Thai Marine and Coastal Resources Department has noted that at least 300 sea animals on average—60 per cent of which are whales and dolphins—die from eating plastic fishing gear and trash each year. Filter feeding invertebrates tested off the coast of Chonburi Province showed high levels of microplastics, leading the authors to warn that, "Health risks are possible when people consume these contaminated marine organisms, particularly shellfish."


title: Gulf of Thailand

text: Thailand's Pollution Control Department (PCD) estimates that plastic waste in the country is increasing at an annual rate of 12 percent, or around two million tonnes per year.


title: Gulf of Thailand

text: In 2013, a pipeline leak resulted in an oil slick that went on to coat a beach on the nearby Ka Samet island.


title: Gulf of Thailand

text: In late January 2022, a leak in the pipeline operated by the Star Petroleum Refining Public Company Ltd caused a spill of 20 to 50 tonnes across 47 sq km of water, with some oil reaching the coast of Rayong province 20 km away.


title: Gulf of Thailand

text: The gulf's many coral reefs have made it attractive to divers. The tropical warmth of the water attracts many tourists. Some of the most important tourist destinations in the Gulf of Thailand are the islands of Ko Samui and Ko Pha Ngan in Surat Thani Province, Pattaya in Chonburi Province, Cha-am in Phetchaburi Province, Hua Hin in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, and Ko Samet in Rayong Province.


title: Gulf of Thailand

text: In recent years, the bay has become known for its whale watching activities, targeting the endemic, critically endangered populations of cetaceans (Eden's whales, newly described Omura's whales, Chinese white dolphins, and Irrawaddy dolphins showing unique feeding behaviors), and dugongs. It was first classified by Müller in 1776 as "Trichechus dugon". Five species of the sea turtles have been found in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman sea coast, including olive ridley turtles, green turtles, hawksbill turtles, loggerhead turtles, and leatherback turtles.


title: Gulf of Thailand

text: The area between Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam is subject to several territorial disputes. Malaysia and Thailand have chosen to jointly develop the disputed areas, which include the islands of Ko Kra and Ko Losin. A long-standing dispute between Cambodia and Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand concerns mainly the island of Phú Quốc or Koh Tral in Khmer, which is off the Cambodian coast. Cambodia also claims of shelf area.


title: Reification (Marxism)

text: In Marxism, reification (, ) is the process by which social relations are perceived as inherent attributes of the people involved in them, or attributes of some product of the relation, such as a traded commodity. This concept specifies the dialectical relationship between social existence and social consciousness – that is, between objective social relations and the subjective apprehension of those relations – in a society dominated by commodity production.


title: Reification (Marxism)

text: This implies that objects are transformed into subjects and subjects are turned into objects, with the result that subjects are rendered passive or determined, while objects are rendered as the active, determining factor. Hypostatization refers to an effect of reification which results from supposing that whatever can be named, or conceived abstractly, must actually exist, an ontological and epistemological fallacy.


title: Reification (Marxism)

text: The concept is related to but different from Marx's theories of alienation and commodity fetishism. Alienation is the general condition of human estrangement; reification is a specific form of alienation; commodity fetishism is a specific form of reification.


title: Reification (Marxism)

text: The concept of reification rose to prominence chiefly through the work of Georg Lukács (1923), in his essay "Reification and the Consciousness of the Proletariat", as part of his book "History and Class Consciousness"; this is the "locus classicus" for defining the term in its current sense. Here, Lukács treats it as a problem of capitalist society related to the prevalence of the commodity form, through a close reading of Marx's chapter on commodity fetishism in "Capital". Reification was not a particularly prominent term or concept in Marx's own works, nor in that of his immediate successors.


title: Reification (Marxism)

text: Lukács's account was influential for the philosophers of the Frankfurt School, for example in Horkheimer's and Adorno's "Dialectic of Enlightenment", and in the works of Herbert Marcuse, and Axel Honneth. Others who have written about this point include Max Stirner, Guy Debord, Gajo Petrović, Raya Dunayevskaya, Raymond Williams, Timothy Bewes, and Slavoj Žižek.


title: Reification (Marxism)

text: Reification occurs when specifically human creations are misconceived as "facts of nature, results of cosmic laws, or manifestations of divine will." However, some scholarship on Lukács's (1923) use of the term "reification" in "History and Class Consciousness" has challenged this interpretation of the concept, according to which reification implies that a pre-existing subject creates an objective social world from which it is then alienated.


title: Reification (Marxism)

text: Andrew Feenberg (1981) reinterprets Lukács's central category of "consciousness" as similar to anthropological notions of culture as a set of practices. The reification of consciousness in particular, therefore, is more than just an act of misrecognition; it affects the everyday social practice at a fundamental level beyond the individual subject.


title: Reification (Marxism)

text: Other scholarship has suggested that Lukács's use of the term may have been strongly influenced by Edmund Husserl's phenomenology to understand his preoccupation with the reification of consciousness in particular. On this reading, reification entails a stance that separates the subject from the objective world, creating a mistaken relation between subject and object that is reduced to disengaged knowing. Applied to the social world, this leaves individual subjects feeling that society is something they can only know as an alien power, rather than interact with. In this respect, Lukács's use of the term could be seen as prefiguring some of the themes Martin Heidegger (1927) touches on in "Being and Time", supporting the suggestion of Lucien Goldman (2009) that Lukács and Heidegger were much closer in their philosophical concerns than typically thought.


title: Reification (Marxism)

text: French philosopher Louis Althusser criticized what he called the "ideology of reification" that sees "'things' everywhere in human relations." Althusser's critique derives from his theory of the "epistemological break," which finds that Marx underwent significant theoretical and methodological change between his early and his mature work.


title: Reification (Marxism)

text: Though the concept of reification is used in "Das Kapital" by Marx, Althusser finds in it an important influence from the similar concept of alienation developed in the early "The German Ideology" and in the "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844".


title: Reification (Marxism)

text: Frankfurt School philosopher Axel Honneth (2008) reformulates this "Western Marxist" concept in terms of intersubjective relations of recognition and power. Instead of being an effect of the structural character of social systems such as capitalism, as Karl Marx and György Lukács argued, Honneth contends that all forms of reification are due to pathologies of intersubjectively based struggles for recognition.


title: When I Fall in Love

text: "When I Fall in Love" is a popular song, written by Victor Young (music) and Edward Heyman (lyrics). It was introduced in the film "One Minute to Zero" as the instrumental titled "Theme from One Minute to Zero". Jeri Southern sang on the first vocal recording released in April 1952 with the song's composer, Victor Young, handling the arranging and conducting duties. The song has become a standard, with many artists recording it; the first hit version was sung by Doris Day released in July 1952.


title: When I Fall in Love

text: Day's recording was made on June 5, 1952. It was released by Columbia Records as catalog number 39786 and issued with the flip side "Take Me in Your Arms". The song reached number 20 on the "Billboard" chart.


title: When I Fall in Love

text: A 1996 recording by Natalie Cole, sung as a duet with her father Nat King Cole using vocals from his 1956 version, won 1996 Grammys for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals and Best Instrumental Arrangement with Accompanying Vocal(s).


title: When I Fall in Love

text: The version by Rick Astley was released on November 30, 1987, coinciding with the 30th anniversary of the release of Nat King Cole's version of the song. This single is mainly remembered for a closely fought contest for UK Christmas number one. Rivals EMI, hoping to see their act, Pet Shop Boys, reach number one with "Always on My Mind", re-released the version by Nat King Cole. This led to a slow down of purchases of Astley's version, allowing Pet Shop Boys to reach the coveted top spot. Despite selling over 250,000 copies and gaining a Silver certification from the BPI, it peaked in the UK at number 2 for two weeks. The re-release by Nat King Cole reached number 4. Since the single was released as a double A-side, the other half of the single was "My Arms Keep Missing You", which was successful in its own right in Europe.


title: When I Fall in Love

text: In 2019, Astley recorded and released a "Reimagined" version of the song for his album "The Best of Me", which features a new piano arrangement.


title: When I Fall in Love

text: The cover version of "When I Fall in Love" by Celine Dion and Clive Griffin was featured in the romantic comedy "Sleepless in Seattle" and released as a single in July 1993. The song was recorded expressly for the soundtrack and was originally intended as a duet between Dion and Stevie Wonder, but according to Dion when she heard the demo performed by Warren Wiebe she preferred that would be her duet with Wiebe. It was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal in 1994, and won a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s). The award went to David Foster and Jeremy Lubbock. The song appears on both, the "Sleepless in Seattle" soundtrack (number one on the "Billboard" 200 and 4× Platinum RIAA certification for selling over 4 million copies in the US), and later on Dion's album "The Colour of My Love", released in November 1993. The music video was directed by Dominic Orlando in Hollywood, Los Angeles.


title: When I Fall in Love

text: AllMusic senior editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted that Dion's album, "The Colour of My Love", which featured the song, had "careful production, professional songwriting (highlighted by "When I Fall in Love," "The Power of Love," and "Think Twice"). "The Baltimore Sun" wrote that "it's no accident that Celine Dion keeps recording all those movie-theme duets -- she's got the perfect voice for wide-screen romance, all unbridled power and telegraphed emotion." They added that she "sounds great" when working with "tunefully romantic stuff" like "When I Fall In Love"". "Billboard" wrote that Dion "is at home within an arrangement of delicate rhythms and sweeping orchestration," while also noting that Griffin's voice "is a pure thrill." Christopher Smith from TalkAboutPopMusic said that Dion and Griffin "do credible justice to Nat’s signature tune as she remains in subdued and romantic mood for the entire length" of the song.


title: When I Fall in Love

text: "When I Fall in Love" reached top forty in several countries, including number 21 in Canada, number 22 in New Zealand, number 23 in the United States, and number 37 in the Netherlands. It was popular on the Canadian Adult Contemporary chart and the US Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks, peaking at numbers two and six, respectively.


title: When I Fall in Love

text: Dion performed "When I Fall in Love" during her The Colour of My Love Tour, Falling Into You Around the World Tour and Millenium Concert in Montreal in 1999. In 1998, Anne Murray performed "When I Fall in Love" with Dion live and included it on her DVD called "An Intimate Evening with Anne Murray...Live". Later, this version appeared on Murray's 2007 album "".


title: Miho Hatori

text: Hatori expressed an early interest in music while growing up in Japan. She worked at used record shop Flash Disc Ranch in Shimokitazawa, Tokyo, where she was exposed to many styles of music and sometimes performed as a club DJ. Her earliest history in a music project dates to 1991 when she joined hip hop group Kimidori; she left the group in 1992.


title: Miho Hatori

text: Hatori moved to New York City in 1993 to study art; she quickly met Yuka Honda through performing together in punk/noise band Laito Lychee, a project that featured Hatori on vocals and violin played through distortion effects pedals. Hatori and Honda co-founded Cibo Matto in 1994 and released their debut album "Viva! La Woman" in 1996. The duo formation expanded to include Sean Lennon and Timo Ellis on 1997's "Super Relax" EP, and "unofficial" fifth member Duma Love appeared on their second full-length, 1999's "Stereo ★ Type A". Cibo Matto broke up in 2001, but came back with a reunion tour in 2011. They released a third and final follow-up album "Hotel Valentine" on February 14, 2014.


title: Miho Hatori

text: Hatori worked with her Cibo Matto collaborators outside of the band, contributing to Sean Lennon's solo album "Into the Sun", as well as to his scores for the independent films "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead" and "Alter Egos"; she also appears on Yuka Honda's solo album "Eucademix".


title: Miho Hatori

text: While Cibo Matto was touring with Beck, Hatori and Beck guitarist Smokey Hormel discovered a shared love of bossa nova and samba, which eventually resulted in their Brazilian-styled musical project Smokey & Miho. Other artists Hatori has worked with include Handsome Boy Modeling School (on the album "So... How's Your Girl?"), DJ Towa Tei, Stephin Merritt's The 6ths, The Baldwin Brothers, Beastie Boys, Blackalicious, Peter Daily, Greg Kurstin, Forró in the Dark, John Zorn, The Incredible Moses Leroy, Patrick Higgins, and Smokey Hormel.


title: Miho Hatori

text: Miho performs solo under her own name and various monikers. Her first solo album, "Ecdysis", was released in Japan in 2005, coming two years later to the American and European markets. In 2018, she released "Amazon To LeFrak" as New Optimism and "Sequence" as Miss Information.


title: Miho Hatori

text: Her 2021 release, "Between Isekai and Slice of Life", was inspired by both Édouard Glissant and "isekai" and "slice of life" anime––specifically in "", which she watched in 2020 during New York City's COVID-19 stay-at-home order.


title: Fortis Healthcare

text: Fortis Healthcare Limited (FHL) is an Indian multinational chain of private hospitals headquartered in India. Fortis started its health care operations from Mohali, Punjab, where the first Fortis hospital was started. Later on, the hospital chain purchased the healthcare branch of Escorts group and increased its strength in various parts of the country. The Escorts Heart and research Center, Okhla, Delhi became a major operating unit of the chain. Dr. Tehran, the current MD of Medanta and several others have started their career from this institute.


title: Fortis Healthcare

text: The Fortis Memorial research Institute (FMRI) hospital at Gurgaon is the headquarter and flagship hospital of Fortis healthcare with all the major facilities at the hospital. It was named as 23rd smart hospital in the world for the year 2021. FMRI was also named as 22nd best hospital in the country for the year 2022 by Newsweek.


title: Fortis Healthcare

text: Apart from Fortis Escorts Okhla, & FMRI, Fortis healthcare has other units in Delhi NCR as well which includes Fortis Hospital Faridabad, Noida, Vasant Kunj, Shalimar Bagh (Delhi) and at several other places in the country. Currently, the company operates its healthcare delivery services in India, Dubai and Sri Lanka with 36 healthcare facilities.


title: Fortis Healthcare

text: Malaysia's IHH Healthcare became the controlling shareholder of Fortis Healthcare Ltd by acquiring a 31.1% stake in the company. Fortis Healthcare also appointed four persons from IHH Healthcare to its board in a meeting held at Mohali. The board approved the allotment of over 230 million shares through preferential issue to Northern TK Venture Pte Ltd, a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of IHH Healthcare, at ₹170 per share of ₹10 face value.


title: Fortis Healthcare

text: In 2018, Manipal Hospitals and TPG Capital acquired Fortis Healthcare Limited as part of a deal for 39,000 million. In 2019, Fortis Healthcare announced that it had completed the acquisition of RHT Health Trust (RHT) assets for an enterprise value of 46,500 million. In the same financial year, Fortis reported a consolidated net profit of 780.10 million for the quarter ended 30 June.


title: Moral absolutism

text: Moral absolutism is an ethical view that some (potentially all) actions are intrinsically right or wrong. Stealing, for instance, might be considered to be always immoral, even if done for the well-being of others (e.g., stealing food to feed a starving family), and even if it does in the end promote such a good. Moral absolutism stands in contrast to other categories of normative ethical theories such as consequentialism, which holds that the morality (in the wide sense) of an act depends on the consequences or the context of the act.


title: Moral absolutism

text: Moral absolutism is not the same as moral universalism. Universalism holds merely that what is right or wrong is independent of custom or opinion (as opposed to moral relativism), but not necessarily that what is right or wrong is independent of context or consequences (as in absolutism). Moral universalism is compatible with moral absolutism, but also positions such as consequentialism. Louis Pojman gives the following definitions to distinguish the two positions of moral absolutism and universalism:


title: Moral absolutism

text: Ethical theories which place strong emphasis on rights and duty, such as the deontological ethics of Immanuel Kant, are often forms of moral absolutism, as are many religious moral codes.


title: Moral absolutism

text: Moral absolutism can be understood in a strictly secular context, as in many forms of deontological moral rationalism. However, many religions also adhere to moral absolutist positions, since their moral system is derived from divine commandments. Therefore, such a moral system is absolute, (usually) perfect and unchanging. Many secular philosophies, borrowing from religion, also take a morally absolutist position, asserting that the absolute laws of morality are inherent in the nature of people, the nature of life in general, or the Universe itself. For example, someone who absolutely believes in non-violence considers it wrong to use violence even in self-defense.


title: Moral absolutism

text: Catholic philosopher Thomas Aquinas never explicitly addresses the Euthyphro dilemma, but draws a distinction between what is good or evil in itself and what is good or evil because of God's commands, with unchangeable moral standards forming the bulk of natural law. Thus he contends that not even God can change the Ten Commandments, adding, however, that God "can" change what individuals deserve in particular cases, in what might look like special dispensations to murder or steal.


title: Zapped!

text: Zapped! is a 1982 American teen sex comedy film directed by Robert J. Rosenthal and co-written with Bruce Rubin. The film stars Scott Baio as a high school student who acquires telekinetic powers.


title: Zapped!

text: At Ralph Waldo Emerson High School, bookish student Barney Springboro (Scott Baio) performs various scientific experiments on laboratory mice until his friend, yearbook photographer Peyton Nichols (Willie Aames), retrieves him for a class assembly. Peyton questions Barney's lack of interest in finding a girlfriend as the students rally in preparation for an upcoming baseball game against a rival high school. Afterward, Peyton seduces one of the school administrators, Corrine Updike, and Barney returns to his experiments.


title: Zapped!

text: At the insistence of the pesky class president, Bernadette (Felice Schachter), Peyton promises to take photographs of Barney posing with the genetically modified orchids he has been growing for the school principal, Walter Coolidge. Barney drops the beaker containing the mice's feeding solution, producing a cloud of shimmery smoke that knocks him unconscious. Sometime later, he awakens and returns home, where his uptight mother chastises him for his tardiness and antisocial behavior. As she yells, Barney's bedroom door mysteriously slams shut. During English class the next day, Barney fantasizes about a popular but vain girl named Jane Mitchell (Heather Thomas). When the teacher calls on him unexpectedly, Barney furrows his brow, causing the map above the chalkboard to fall on her head.


title: Zapped!

text: That afternoon, Peyton asks Jane on a date, but she reminds him that she has a college-aged boyfriend. As Barney stares at Jane's chest, her cardigan bursts open, leaving everyone confused. In the lab, Barney experiments with his new telekinetic abilities by levitating various objects across the room, unaware of Bernadette and Peyton, who are watching through the window. When his friends confront him, however, Barney convinces them to keep his powers a secret. At home, Barney propels his model spaceship through the air, imagining the crew members inside have come alive. He then animates a ventriloquist dummy, which frightens Mrs. Springboro so much that she believes her son is possessed.


title: Zapped!

text: On the day of the big baseball game, Barney manipulates the ball and hits the winning home run. Meanwhile, Principal Coolidge attempts to break into Barney's lab to check the growth of his orchids, but cannot obtain the key. After Barney agrees to let Bernadette write a report about him for her older sister's college science journal, they notice Mrs. Burnhart sneak into his lab and uncover a pot of Peyton's marijuana hidden behind the orchids. She retrieves Principal Coolidge, but they return to discover the plants are missing. Baseball coach Dexter Jones finds Barney and Bernadette stuffing the plants in the incinerator, and the smoke causes him to become intoxicated: under the influence, he imagines riding a bicycle with Albert Einstein while being chased by his wife, who is dressed like a Viking warrior.


title: Zapped!

text: Over the weekend, Barney, Peyton, and Bernadette go to a pre-graduation celebration at an amusement park, during which Peyton challenges Jane's boyfriend, Robert Wolcott, to a beer-drinking contest and a carnival game that Peyton ends up winning. While on the Tilt-a-Whirl, Barney increases the speed of Robert's compartment, causing him to vomit and lose the bet. That night, Peyton brings Jane home and seduces her by pretending to act older and more mature. Meanwhile, Barney and Bernadette have dinner and talk about former crushes. The pair spend the next afternoon together in the park before returning to Barney's lab, where they make love.


title: Zapped!

text: At school on Monday, Jane admits that she regrets having sex with Peyton and returns to her boyfriend. Robert, however, invites Peyton to a casino-themed college fraternity party with the hopes of winning the money that he owes him for the drinking contest. Peyton begs Barney to attend so he can manipulate the roulette wheel, but Bernadette becomes angry that he would use his powers to gamble. Meanwhile, Mrs. Updike convinces Principal Coolidge to respond to a personal advertisement in the newspaper to meet a woman for a date.


title: Zapped!

text: At the restaurant, Principal Coolidge discovers that his date is Rose Burnhart, and the two finally succumb to their long-time attraction by having sex under the table. During the fraternity party, Barney attempts to manipulate the roulette ball, but struggles. He realizes Robert is manipulating te wheel himself by using a button to make it stop, and Barney's attempt to balance out the cheating causes a commotion among the guests when he accidentally levitates the entire wheel. When Bernadette refuses to answer his telephone calls, he spends the night in his laboratory drinking whiskey. Hung over the next morning, he apologizes to Bernadette and arranges to meet her at the prom that evening. Before he leaves for the dance, however, Mrs. Springboro hires two priests to perform an exorcism on her son, and Barney uses his ventriloquist dummy to chase them around the house so he can get away.


title: Zapped!

text: Peyton and Jane are crowned prom king and queen, and Jane rejects Peyton's continued advances. Peyton realizes that Jane is nothing but a snob, because nothing he does is good enough for her. As Barney dances with Bernadette, Peyton ruins the moment by offering his friend airplane tickets to Las Vegas where they can continue gambling, but Barney rejects the offer. When Robert confronts Peyton about the roulette game, Peyton apologizes and gives him a packet of nude photographs he took of Jane. Enraged, Robert attacks, and Barney uses telekinesis to summon a large gust of wind that tears off the students' clothes and sends everybody running outside. Barney also uses his telekinesis to take down Robert and his friends and humiliate Jane by stripping off her prom dress; as she is laughed at, she runs away in shame. A wayward fire hose knocks Barney unconscious and after he wakes, he pretends he has lost his powers. However, while leaving the school, Barney grabs Bernadette by the waist and propels them through the night sky in a cloud of shimmery dust.


title: Zapped!

text: The film used several techniques to capture the feel of its high school setting for nostalgic fans. It was filmed largely at John Marshall High School in Los Angeles during the spring of 1981 with the students as extras. The storyline rarely leaves the high school. The students talk mostly about social life and college plans, while the prom is in the gym. The senior trip is to the local amusement park. Of the major stars, however, only Felice Schachter was still a high school student when the film was shot. In fact, she missed her own prom to shoot the prom sequence in the film.


title: Zapped!

text: The film used a body-double for Thomas' nude scenes, as she refused to remove her own clothes; further controversy was generated when a complaint was filed by Thomas about a likeness of her head being pasted onto someone else's nude body.


title: Zapped!

text: The film's soundtrack was composed by Charles Fox and Miles Goodman as well as John M. Keane and Tom Keane of The Keane Brothers, and featured performances by Joe "Bean" Esposito ("Updike's Theme") and David Pomeranz ("Got to Believe in Magic", "King and Queen of Hearts"), which were big hits in the Philippines.


title: Zapped!

text: "Zapped!" was given a limited release on July 23, 1982, earning $823,548 in that weekend, ranking number 17 in the domestic box office. On September 3, 1982, the film was released wide and made $3,012,431, ranking number 4 behind "An Officer and a Gentleman"s sixth weekend, "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial"s thirteenth weekend, and "Fast Times at Ridgemont High"s fourth weekend. By the end of its run, "Zapped!" grossed $16,897,768.


title: Zapped!

text: The film was panned by critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 6% based on 16 reviews, with an average rating of 2.9/10. On Metacritic, the film received a score of 10 based on 4 reviews, indicating "overwhelming dislike". Targeted towards teenage audiences, "Zapped!" received generally negative reviews at the time of its release. The film was denounced by "The New York Times" Vincent Canby, who said,


title: Zapped!

text: The "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette" suggested that "it's hard to believe the writers of "Zapped!", an absolutely abominable movie ... are even old enough to hold a pen." "The Daily Courier" added that it was "so puerile and uninspired that it makes "Porky's" seem like "Ninotchka" in comparison." The Montreal Gazette said that there was "nothing innately hilarious about telekinesis, but that didn't stop the creative geniuses in Hollywood from seeing if they could pervert it into a smirky adolescent experience." A review from the smaller "Beaver County Times" said, "it's enough to make [Baio's] young fans go "Zzzzzz"." A review that was published in the "Toledo Blade" was only slightly less negative, stating that it "has its moments, but they tend not to hang around together."


title: Zapped!

text: Great movie. Loved it then. Love it today. I get more people asking about that movie than anything, no lie. And I had a ball making that. A cute, fun teen movie, and it made money. And it had Scatman Crothers! He was a good guy, and supposedly he smoked pot every day. That's what I was told, but I don't actually know. But I got to work with Willie [Aames], and it was a great experience ... Good people. Good crew. Good director.


title: Zapped!

text: Aames was nominated by for the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor at the 3rd Golden Raspberry Awards for his performance in "Zapped!", as well as his performance in "Paradise", but lost to Laurence Olivier in "Inchon".


title: Zapped!

text: "Zapped!" was initially released on VHS, CED videodisc, and on LaserDisc by Embassy Pictures in 1983, and later reissued by MGM Home Entertainment on VHS. It was released on DVD on February 12, 2008. In June 2008, 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment issued it as a double feature with "Making the Grade".


title: Zapped!

text: A notable edition of "The Onion" shows a tuxedoed Baio holding multiple Oscars, with the spoof headline ""Zapped!" Sweeps Oscars!" In the "Family Guy" episode "Meet the Quagmires" Lois mentions going to see "Zapped!" so she and Peter can fantasize about Scott Baio and no one would be gay.


title: Zapped!

text: Despite negative reviews, "Zapped!" sold heavily on home video. In 1990, it was followed by a direct-to-video sequel, "Zapped Again!" (with only Sue Ane Langdon returning from the original cast).


title: Marilyn Miller

text: Marilyn Miller (born Mary Ellen Reynolds; September 1, 1898 – April 7, 1936) was one of the most popular Broadway musical stars of the 1920s and early 1930s. She was an accomplished tap dancer, singer and actress, and the combination of these talents endeared her to audiences. On stage, she usually played rags-to-riches Cinderella characters who lived happily ever after. Her enormous popularity and famed image were in distinct contrast to her personal life, which was marred by disappointment, tragedy, frequent illness, and ultimately her sudden death due to complications of nasal surgery at age 37.


title: Marilyn Miller

text: Marilyn Miller was born in 1898 in Evansville, Indiana, the youngest daughter of Edwin D. Reynolds, a telephone lineman, and his first wife, the former Ada Lynn Thompson. The tiny, delicately featured blonde was only four years old when she debuted in the role of Mademoiselle Sugarlump at Lakeside Park in Dayton, Ohio, performing as a member of her family's vaudeville act, named The Columbian Trio. That act, which included her stepfather Oscar Caro Miller and her older sisters Ruth and Claire, was renamed the Five Columbians after she and her mother joined the routine. From their home base in Findlay, Ohio, the five toured the Midwest and Europe for 10 years and managed during that time to skirt the child labor authorities until Lee Shubert discovered Miller at the Lotus Club in London in 1914.


title: Marilyn Miller

text: Miller appeared in New York City for the Shuberts in the 1914 and 1915 editions of "The Passing Show", a Broadway revue at the Winter Garden Theatre, as well as in "The Show of Wonders" (1916) and "Fancy Free" (1918). It was, however, Florenz Ziegfeld who made her a star after she performed in his Ziegfeld Follies of 1918 in Manhattan at the New Amsterdam Theatre on 42nd Street, with music by Irving Berlin. Sharing billing with Eddie Cantor, Will Rogers and W. C. Fields, she brought the house down with her impersonation of Billie Burke, Ziegfeld's wife, in a number titled "Mine Was a Marriage of Convenience".


title: Marilyn Miller

text: Miller followed as a headliner in the "Follies of 1919", dancing to Berlin's "Mandy" and reputedly became Ziegfeld's mistress, though this was never proven. She attained legendary status in the Ziegfeld production "Sally" (1920) with music by Jerome Kern, especially for her performance of Kern's "Look for the Silver Lining". The musical, about a dishwasher who joins the Follies and marries a millionaire, ran 570 performances at the New Amsterdam. In 1921, the still-obscure Dorothy Parker memorialized her performance in verse:


title: Marilyn Miller

text: From the alley's gloom and chill / Up to fame danced "Sally". / Which was nice for her, but still / Rough upon the alley. / How it must regret her wiles. / All her ways and glances. / Now the theatre owns her smiles, / Sallies, songs, and dances. ...


title: Marilyn Miller

text: After a rift with Ziegfeld, Miller signed with rival producer Charles Dillingham and starred as "Peter Pan" in a 1924 Broadway revival, then as a circus queen in "Sunny" (1925), with music by Kern and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein. A box-office smash, it featured the classic "Who?", and made her the highest paid star on Broadway. In 1928, after reuniting with Ziegfeld, she starred in his production of the successful George Gershwin musical "Rosalie", then in "Smiles" (1930) with Fred Astaire, one of Ziegfeld's rare box-office failures.


title: Marilyn Miller

text: Miller's movie career was short-lived and less successful than her stage career. She made only three films: adaptations of "Sally" (1929), "Sunny" (1930), and "Her Majesty, Love" (1931), with W. C. Fields. Her last Broadway show, marking a major comeback, was the innovative 1933-1934 Irving Berlin/Moss Hart musical "As Thousands Cheer", in which she appeared in the production number "Easter Parade".


title: Marilyn Miller

text: Miller's appearance in "As Thousands Cheer" was her last professional outing. In 1936, She quit the show after her boyfriend and future husband Chester O'Brien – a chorus dancer who served as the production's second assistant stage manager – was fired for allowing the Woolworth department store heir Jimmy Donahue to sneak onstage during a scene in which she was impersonating his cousin, the heiress Barbara Hutton. After her death, this incident gave Irving Berlin the inspiration for a film musical "On the Avenue", for which he received a script credit in addition to writing the songs.


title: Marilyn Miller

text: Miller's last name was adopted from the surname of her stepfather, Oscar Caro Miller, while her first name was formed by combining her birth name, Mary, with her mother's middle name, Lynn. Initially calling herself Marilynn, she would drop one "n" at the urging of Florenz Ziegfeld.


title: Marilyn Miller

text: In the late 1940s, Norma Jeane Baker (née Mortenson) changed her name to Marilyn Monroe at the urging of Ben Lyon, a one-time actor turned casting director at 20th Century Fox, who said she reminded him of Miller – he had played Miller's love interest in "Her Majesty, Love". Monroe had the name Marilyn Miller when she married the playwright Arthur Miller in 1956.


title: Marilyn Miller

text: In 1930, Miller briefly was engaged to Michael Farmer, who later became a husband of Gloria Swanson. In 1932, she announced her intention to marry Don Alvarado, but the wedding did not take place.


title: Marilyn Miller

text: Miller had a long history of sinus infections, and her health was compromised by an increasing dependence on alcohol. According to reports shortly before her death, she entered a New York hospital in early March 1936 to recover from a nervous breakdown. Three weeks later, however, she developed a toxic condition and died from complications following surgery on her nasal passages at age 37 in New York City on the morning of April 7, 1936.


title: Marilyn Miller

text: Miller's funeral was held at Saint Bartholomew Church on Park Avenue which drew 2,500 people, including former mayor Jimmy Walker, Beatrice Lillie, and Billie Burke. The procession led to Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx, where Miller was buried alongside her first husband, Frank Carter, in a mausoleum she had constructed to house his remains.


title: Marilyn Miller

text: A statue of Miller, in the title role of "Sunny," can still be seen atop the former I. Miller (no relation) Shoe Company Building at 1552 Broadway, in Times Square, Manhattan. It is one of four sculpted by Alexander Stirling Calder between 1927 and 1929 for the building's facade, representing famous theatrical professionals of the time. In 2013, after years of neglect, the building and statues were restored.


title: Marilyn Miller

text: In 1949, a sanitized biopic, appropriately titled "Look for the Silver Lining", starred June Haver as Miller. She was portrayed by Judy Garland in "Till the Clouds Roll By," MGM's biopic of Jerome Kern. In 1978, the story of her tempestuous relationship with Ziegfeld was portrayed in the Emmy-winning made-for-TV biopic "Ziegfeld: The Man and His Women", starring Pamela Peadin as Miller, Paul Shenar as Ziegfeld, and Walter Willison as Frank Carter. Rare film footage of Miller in the 1929 film version of "Sally" can also be seen in the 2004 PBS documentary series "Broadway, the American Musical".


title: Marilyn Miller

text: In the only published biography of Miller, "The Other Marilyn" (1985), author Warren G. Harris describes her as "Ziegfeld's most dazzling star" and the premier musical comedy star of the Jazz Age. He adds, "She had rivals who may have been better dancers, singers, actresses, or mimics, but no one individual could equal her when it came to combining all those talents."


title: Marilyn Miller

text: All three films survive in some form, but "Sally", filmed entirely in two-color Technicolor, now exists only in black-and-white, except for one fragment – most of the "Wild Rose" musical number – that has survived from an original Technicolor print.


title: Kokou no Hito

text: The story follows a lonesome and "gloomy" student named and his journey from the discovery of his new passion, climbing, starting from a high school climbing club, to being a world class professional climber. Going through the different stages of his life dealing with loneliness, solo climbing, and depression, in pursue of his dream, conquering the most difficult mountain, K2.


title: Kokou no Hito

text: Written by Shin-ichi Sakamoto and Yoshirō Nabeda and illustrated by Sakamoto, "Kokou no Hito" was serialized in Shueisha's "seinen" manga magazine "Weekly Young Jump" from 1 November 2007 to 27 October 2011. Shueisha collected its chapters in seventeen "tankōbon" volumes, released from 18 April 2008 to 18 November 2011.


title: Kokou no Hito

text: "Kokou no Hito" won an Excellence Prize in the Manga Division at the 14th Japan Media Arts Festival in 2010. It also won the Best "Seinen" Manga category at the 2011 Prix Mangawa Awards.


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: Makhmud Muradov (born 8 February 1990) is a Tajik-born Uzbek<ref name="TN.czMuradov2021/05/07">"Muradov má novou smlouvu v UFC, českou vlajku ale zvedat nebude", "TN.cz", 2021/05/07. Retrieved on 29 July 2021.</ref><ref name="iSportMuradovCZE2021/05/09">"Muradov před bitvou: Miluju Česko a fanoušky, ale stát mě nerespektuje", "Blesk" 2021/05/09. Retrieved on 29 July 2021.</ref> professional mixed martial artist, former professional kickboxer and amateur combat sambist fighting out of Bukhara, Uzbekistan and Prague, Czech Republic. He is currently signed to the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) Middleweight division.


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: Makhmud Muradov was born on February 8, 1990 in Soviet Tajikistan, to a father who was a Tajik national and a mother who was from Soviet Uzbekistan. In 1993, he fled as a refugee with his family to his mother's native Uzbekistan due to the ongoing Tajik civil war, and finally, in 2019, he was granted Uzbek citizenship.<ref name="SvetMMA2019/01/16">"Makhmud Muradov: Nič neľutujem!", "SvetMMA.sk" 2019/01/16. Retrieved on 28 September 2019.</ref><ref name="CONANDaily/Muradov/2020/10/27">"Makhmud Muradov biography: 13 things about 1st Uzbek UFC fighter", "CONAN Daily", 2020/10/27. Retrieved on 29 October 2020.</ref><ref name="DVTV/Muradov/2020/10/25">"Muradov: Když se zavře klec, jsem jinej, výhru chci víc než soupeř, UFC je začátek", "Aktuálně.cz, Economia", 2020/10/25. Retrieved on 29 October 2020.</ref>


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: He trained boxing in his youth before transitioning to kickboxing and became Junior Uzbek Kickboxing Champion under K-1 rules.<ref name="Goldfingers.cz/podporujeme">"Podporujeme", "Goldfingers.cz", Czech Republic. Retrieved on 28 September 2019.</ref>


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: Muradov was forced to drop out of school and start working at the age of 15 to provide for his family after his father got involved in a car accident that left him permanently disabled. At the age of 17, he began his successful combat sambo career, and because of that, he earned a well-paid job as a security guard in Russian Siberia. He was seriously stabbed and shot several times while working there.


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: When his father got released from hospital after four years, his family had to sell their apartment to pay for healthcare bills. Muradov returned to Uzbekistan, and eventually managed to make enough money from competing in combat sambo to be able to buy the apartment back. However, by his account, it was hard to get a good job without contacts, so in 2011, then 19 years old Muradov moved to the Czech Republic in search of a better-paying job. There, he worked various jobs such as construction site worker, cleaner, and waiter. He started training Muay Thai and MMA in Prague under the tutelage of Petr Kníže, who allowed Muradov to train and sleep in his gym for free and also helped him get a more comfortable job as a bouncer. Muradov then started his professional MMA career in 2012.<ref name="Prima.COOL.Talks/2020/07/20/Makhmud.Muradov">ZLOMIL JSEM MU ČELIST A SKORO JSEM ŠEL SEDĚT – MMA zápasník Makhmud Muradov v COOLtalks, "Prima COOL", 2020/07/20. Retrieved on 21 October 2020.</ref>


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: In September 2015 Muradov fought at WAKO K1 European Cup 2015 tournament and lost in the first match against Polish champion Bartosz Dołbień by unanimous decision.<ref name="FB/SoubojTitanuMurado.Vs.Dolbien2015/08/25">"Bohužel dnes to "Machovi" nevyšlo..'", "Facebook.com/SoubojTitanu", 2015/09/25. Retrieved on 10 October 2019.</ref>


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: In February 2018 Muradov became the world's first mixed martial artist signed by Floyd Mayweather Jr.'s The Money Team. They became friends after they met each other at Prague's Lávka Club in March 2017.


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: Before entering the UFC, Muradov held a 22–6 MMA record and won multiple regional middleweight championships (XFN, WKN, Caveam, WASO).<ref name="CzechFighters2018/10/05">"Makhmud Muradov : Jsem namotivovanej, protože chci vyhrát", "Czech Fighters", Czech Republic, 2018/10/05. Retrieved on 28 September 2019.</ref><ref name="CzechFighters2016/06/09">"Makhmud Muradov: V MMA se může stát cokoliv", "Czech Fighters", Czech Republic, 2016/06/09. Retrieved on 28 September 2019.</ref>


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: Muradov made his promotional debut against Alessio Di Chirico on September 28, 2019 at UFC Fight Night 160 as a replacement for injured Peter Sobotta. He took the fight on 12 days notice. He won the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: In his second UFC fight, on December 7, 2019 at , Muradov faced Trevor Smith as a replacement for Alonzo Menifield. He won via KO in the third round and was awarded a Performance of the Night bonus.


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: Muradov was scheduled to face Antônio Carlos Júnior on March 14, 2020 at UFC Fight Night 170, as a replacement for Brad Tavares who had to pull out due to an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. In turn, Carlos Júnior suffered from an unspecified injury and the bout was cancelled from the event.


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: Muradov was expected to face Karl Roberson on April 18, 2020 at UFC 249. However, Muradov was forced to pull from the event due to COVID-19 pandemic travel restriction, and Roberson was pulled from the event and was scheduled to meet Marvin Vettori on April 25, 2020.


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: On October 18, 2020 at UFC Fight Night 180, Muradov was expected to face Krzysztof Jotko. However, the fight was rescheduled for October 31 at UFC Fight Night 181, but Jotko was pulled from the fight, citing injury, and he was replaced by Kevin Holland. Muradov was then also pulled from the fight after testing positive for COVID-19 and he was replaced by newcomer Charlie Ontiveros.


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: Muradov faced Andrew Sanchez on January 24, 2021 at UFC 257, as a replacement for André Muniz. He won the fight via technical knockout in round three. This win earned him the "Performance of the Night " award.


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: Muradov faced Gerald Meerschaert on August 28, 2021 at UFC on ESPN 30. He lost the fight via rear-naked choke submission in round two.


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: Muradov was scheduled to face Misha Cirkunov on February 26, 2022 at UFC Fight Night 202. However, Muradov pulled out in late January due to a hand injury and he was replaced by Wellington Turman.


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: Muradov was scheduled to face Abusupiyan Magomedov on September 3, 2022 at UFC Fight Night 209. However, Muradov withdrew due to injury was replaced by Dustin Stoltzfus.


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: A professional MMA competitor since 2012, Muradov is both the first Tajik-born and Uzbek UFC fighter, and the world's first mixed martial artist signed by Floyd Mayweather Jr.'s The Money Team.


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: Besides his native Uzbek, Muradov speaks Czech, Russian and English and is conversational in Polish and Arabic.


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: Since 2018, he has been dating Monika Bagárová, a Czech singer of Romani descent. On May 27, 2020, Bagárová gave birth to their first child, a daughter named Rumia.<ref name="Expres.cz/Rumia">"Dojatý Muradov oznámil narození dcery, s Bagárovou jí dali jméno po jeho mamince", "Expres.cz, Mafra", 2020/05/27. Retrieved on 29 October 2020.</ref><ref name="eXtra.cz/Rumia">"První reakce Moniky Bagárové po porodu: Pláč a slova o rychlém narození Rumie", "eXtra.cz", 2020/05/27. Retrieved on 29 October 2020.</ref> The couple split up in December 2021, however in February 2022 Bagárová confirmed they had reconciled. They separated again in July 2022.


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: Muradov has stated multiple times that he is very patriotic towards the Czech lands and Prague. He called himself an “Uzbek with a Czech heart” or a “Czech from Uzbekistan”, and also a “Czech representative” and a “proud Praguer”. Because of that, Muradov turned down Floyd Mayweather Jr.'s offer to permanently relocate from Prague to Las Vegas in Nevada, where he is training at both the Dewey "Black Kobra" Cooper's gym and the Mayweather Boxing Club, as well as working for Mayweather Jr. himself.


title: Makhmud Muradov

text: During his early time in Prague, Muradov appeared in autoerotic porn productions and solo softcore porn photo shoots under the stage name "Akhmed Virt" for William Higgins' gay pornographic production company.<ref name="williamhiggins.com/AkhmedVirt">"Akhmed Virt", "WilliamHiggins.com", Retrieved on 10 March 2020.</ref><ref name="Expres.cz/MuradovGayPorno">"Gay porno: Než se přítel Bagárové stal hvězdou MMA bojů, zápasil sám se sebou", "Expres.cz, Mafra", 2018/12/28. Retrieved on 10 March 2020.</ref><ref name="FirstStyleMagazine/MuradovGayPorno">"Bojovník MMA Muradov v gay pornu! Spekuluje se i o VIP gay escortu", "FirstStyle magazine", Retrieved on 21 September 2020.</ref><ref name="PornBaseCentral/MakhmudMuradov">"Makhmud Muradov", "Porn Base Central", Retrieved on 21 September 2020.</ref><ref name="TVnoviny.sk/MuradovGayPorno">"Bagárovej nový frajer má temnú minulosť. Nakrúcal gay porno", "TVnoviny.sk, TV Markíza", 2019/01/03. Retrieved on 21 September 2020.</ref><ref name="Expres.cz/2019/09/18">"Otcova nehoda, porno, Bagárová a pak UFC! Pohádkový příběh MMA bijce Muradova", "Expres.cz, Mafra", 2019/09/18. Retrieved on 21 September 2020.</ref>


title: Ten Thirty One Productions

text: Ten Thirty One Productions was an American entertainment company based in Los Angeles that created, owned, and produced live attractions in the horror genre. It was featured on Season 5 of "Shark Tank" where it received the largest investment in the history of the show. The company was sold to Thirteenth Floor Entertainment Group.


title: Ten Thirty One Productions

text: Ten Thirty One Productions was founded in 2009 by Melissa Carbone and Alyson Richards. The same year, they launched Los Angeles Haunted Hayride in Calabasas, California. The company generated $400,000 in revenue during its first year of business.


title: Ten Thirty One Productions

text: The company appeared in Season 5 (2013) of "Shark Tank", where Carbone pitched the company to potential investors. Ten Thirty One Productions landed what was the biggest investment in the history of the show when billionaire Mark Cuban paid $2 million for a 20% stake. The company used the money to expand operations from California to a national audience, and Cuban helped secure ticket distribution contracts with Live Nation (its CEO became another investor in the company) and Ticketmaster. After the show, the company had to triple its cast and crew to nearly 1,000.


title: Ten Thirty One Productions

text: Ten Thirty One Productions brought in $3 million in revenue in 2014. The following year, the company created New York Haunted Hayride.


title: Ten Thirty One Productions

text: In 2018 an accident at a New York event causing injury to one patron, followed by a lengthy lawsuit, ultimately resulting in Ten Thirty One being purchased by Thirteenth Floor Entertainment Group, the world's largest haunted house company. Melissa Carbone, as well as Alyson Richards of Ten Thirty One, remained with the company.


title: Ten Thirty One Productions

text: Los Angeles Haunted Hayride and New York Haunted Hayride are Halloween-themed attractions. They are held once a year, beginning in early October and running every weekend through the end of the month. To prepare the events, the company polled 30,000 people and asked them what they feared. The three most frequent answers were: darkness, claustrophobic spaces and clowns. As of 2015, the attractions employed about 250 actors.


title: Ten Thirty One Productions

text: To minimize its environmental footprint, Ten Thirty One Productions recycles and composts; features plastic-free concessions, hybrid and electric production vehicles, biodiesel fuels, 100-percent reused or recycled sets and wardrobes, and plant-based concessions; and offers carpool discounts.


title: Ten Thirty One Productions

text: Los Angeles Haunted Hayride is held in Griffith Park Zoo in Los Angeles. Visitors are taken on traditional tractor drawn, hay filled wagons through a fantasy world of ghosts, demons and monsters. The attraction offers five different "scare zones" along with dining, retail and other activities.<ref name=Forbes>


title: Infiniti QX70

text: The Infiniti QX70, formerly called the Infiniti FX until 2013, is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV produced by the Nissan-owned Infiniti luxury vehicle brand between 2002 and 2017. The FX replaced the QX4 as Infiniti's mid-size SUV. It shares the same FM platform as the rear-wheel drive Nissan 370Z, and it "made no claims of climbing mountains." Rather, its aggressive shape promised style and quick handling. The similarly sized Nissan Murano is based on the same D platform as the front-wheel drive Nissan Altima. The FX does not have a Nissan-branded equivalent and is not sold in Japan.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: The nameplates FX35 and FX45 refer to the two available engines. The FX35 is available in two drivetrains, the RWD and the AWD, which are both fitted to a dual overhead cam 3.5-liter 24-valve V6 VQ35DE gasoline engine, with aluminum-alloy block and heads, electronically controlled throttle system, and low-friction molybdenum-coated pistons that makes use of the continuous variable valve timing which in part optimizes the opening of intake valves. This is also coupled with an electronically controlled super-wide ratio five-speed automatic with a manumatic shift mode that includes the option of sequentially selected manual gearshifts and downshift rev-matching.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: The AWD FX45 incorporates a 32-valve V8 DOHC VK45DE gasoline engine with four valves per cylinder, microfinished camshafts with aluminum-alloy block and heads, low-friction molybdenum-coated pistons, titanium intake and exhaust valves, modular cylinder heads, microfinished crankshaft, lightweight pistons, super-silent single stage cam drive chain, and a Continuously Variable Valve Timing Control System that optimizes opening of intake valves. Development began in 1999 under newly appointed CEO Carlos Ghosn's NRP. Design work was completed in rapid succession in 2000, for late 2002 production. Designed prior to that, earlier on in 2000 under the "Bionic Cheetah" theme, the 2001 Infiniti FX45 Concept was introduced at the NAIAS in January 2001. From mid-2001, a new concept based on the production design was developed and completed in late 2001. Sketches were first released in late November 2001. The second-generation 2002 FX45 Concept was introduced in January 2002 at the NAIAS '02 as a thinly-veiled production FX (S50) and planned production was announced for early 2003. In January 2003, the 2003 FX45 made its debut at the 2003 NAIAS and went on sale January 24, 2003.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: In 2003 for the 2004 model, changes were the addition of a standard eight-way power front passenger seat that replaced the previous four-way design, the availability of aluminum roof rails and chrome-plated 20-inch wheels. Also new were a dark silver metallic finish for the 20-inch wheels (non-chrome-plated), the addition of a standard HVAC filter for all models and the addition of a new Snow-Mode function.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: In September 2004 for the 2005 model year, the FX range received enhancements such as a lane departure warning (LDW) system that helps alert drivers to an unintended movement of the vehicle out of a designated traffic lane. Infiniti's system monitored the lane markings to alert passengers via an audible buzzer that the driver is drifting unintentionally. The LDW system, which utilizes a small camera, speed sensor, an indicator, and an audible warning buzzer, was offered on models. The 2005 Infiniti FX was the first passenger vehicle to offer a lane departure warning system in the United States market.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: In addition to LDW, the 2005 Infiniti FX range was now equipped with standard roof-mounted curtain supplemental curtain airbags with rollover protection for front and rear outboard seat occupants.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: Other changes included the addition of a dark chrome grille, headlight, and clear taillight accents to the FX45 (also available as part of the V6 Sport Package on FX35 models), a new key fob design for the Infiniti Intelligent Key system, and two new exterior colors, Sapphire and Sheer Platinum. Interior changes included a new standard etched aluminum trim.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: The FX series was updated for the 2006 model year with new options and standard features. The updates included an exterior facelift with a new grille, bumper, wheel design, and three new exterior colors, and inside a revised center console with a new color screen. Many features previously optional were made standard, including the 300-watt Bose audio system, RearView Monitor, 7-inch color display, Advanced Air Bag System (AABS), leather seating surfaces with heated front seats, ten-way power driver's seat with power lumbar support and eight-way power passenger's seat.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: The FX45 featured additional upgrades, including new 20-inch wheels, leather-appointed seats, a revised sport-tuned four-wheel independent suspension with new dampers, a Bluetooth system, and the Premium Package became standard. Sales began in January 2006, after production commencement in November 2005. Production of the S50 ended in February 2008.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: The redesigned 2009 Infiniti FX was officially unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show on March 4, 2008, and went on sale in June 2008. The V6 model was still called FX35 with the VQ35HR V6, but the V8 model was renamed FX50 in recognition of its 5-liter engine, the newly developed VK50VE.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: The exterior retained some of the first generation's "Bionic Cheetah" look and "giant scarab" profile while incorporating new styling cues. Features of the new design included longer, shark-like sculpted headlights, a large trapezoidal grille filled with horizontal dark-chrome waves, and functional side air vents. The overall size and dimensions of the new model, both external and internal, remained similar to the previous model.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: The interior was completely redesigned to bring the FX up to the level of luxury found inside of other Infiniti models like the G37 and EX35. Features included stitched leather seats, stained maple wood or piano black finishes, and matte-finish surfaces.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: Front suspension was a new double-wishbone design, similar to that found on the G37 and EX35; this replaced the previous generation FX's front strut-type suspension. The suspension's upper and lower A-arms were designed to improve control of a wheel's motion, especially when the suspension compresses and extends, providing more travel than the previous strut design. The body was also designed to be 1.6 times more torsionally rigid and 3.4 times more resistant to bending than the previous model. All Wheel Drive (AWD) was standard, and notably, Infiniti's AWD system always engages a 50:50 power split when stationary, ensuring maximum off-the-line traction at all times. Up to 100 percent of the engine's power can be sent to the rear wheels when needed, with a maximum of 50 percent available to the front.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: A Europe-specific FX37 was unveiled at the 2008 Paris Motor Show and went on sale in Europe in October 2008 with the VQ37VHR. Europeans get the FX37 as their entry-level model instead of the FX35, which will be available in FX37 GT and FX37S versions. The FX37 GT came equipped with 20-inch alloy wheels, power and heated/ventilated front seats, adaptive xenon headlamps, parking camera sensors, all-wheel-drive, and a 7-speed automatic with paddle shifting. The FX37S added 21-inch alloy wheels, Continuous Damping Control, and sports seats.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: A Europe-specific FX30d was released in late 2010, powered by a new 3.0-liter V6 turbodiesel V9X Engine. The engine was developed by the Renault-Nissan Alliance, and will also power the EX and M models.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: This engine, which is the first diesel in Infiniti's history, was specifically designed to deliver high levels of refined performance in line with Infiniti philosophy. Although a V8 diesel engine was entertained, the V6 format was selected early on as the ideal layout for the unit, providing the optimum balance between overall performance and refinement.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: The engine produces a total of and of torque. Peak torque can be achieved from as low as 1,750 rpm and is available all the way to 2,500 rpm, while as much as is available from a mere 1,500 rpm. Idle speed is an exceptionally low 650 rpm with none of the noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) usually associated with a diesel.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: Standard comfort features include dual-zone automatic climate control, a premium 11-speaker, 300 watt Bose stereo with in-dash 6 CD changer and 2GB hard drive, steering wheel mounted audio controls, premium leather seating surfaces, heated front bucket seats, heated power mirrors, 10-way power driver seat w/ lumbar adjustment, 8-way power passenger seat, individual driver memory system (driver's seat, side mirrors, and steering wheel positions), RearView back-up camera, UV reflective glass, and Infiniti's Intelligent Key system. The Intelligent Key design from the first generation FX now incorporates a Push Button Ignition system. With this system, the driver does not have to remove keys to drive the vehicle; a simple electronic fob carried on the driver allows the driver to lock/unlock and start the vehicle keyless.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: Other standard features include Scratch Shield paint (first introduced on the Infiniti EX), black lacquer interior trim, high-intensity discharge (HID) headlamps, LED brake lamps, 12-point sequential welcome lighting, electronic liftgate closure assist, automatic dimming rear-view mirror with compass, glass moonroof, rear privacy glass, integrated rear spoiler, and dual chrome exhaust tips.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: Standard safety features include dual front airbags, side-impact airbags, and rear curtain airbags with rollover sensors, as well as Zone Body construction with front and rear crumple zones.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: Options include Infiniti's Hard Drive Navigation with touch screen and 3D building images, All-Around View Monitor (first introduced on the Infiniti EX) which displays a virtual bird's-eye view of the vehicle and surroundings to aid in parking, and Intelligent Cruise Control, which provides the benefits of standard cruise control with the ability to add speed and distance intervals, as well as automatically slowing the vehicle in slowing traffic to help provide a safe distance. When traffic flow ahead speeds up, Intelligent Cruise Control then reaccelerates to the preset speed and distance settings. Optional industry-first Distance Control Assist intuitively helps the driver release the throttle and apply the brakes as needed in slowing traffic. Another option, Forward Collision Warning uses the Intelligent Cruise system's laser rangefinder to alert the driver of a potential collision, and if the driver does not respond, Brake Assist automatically engages the brakes to help reduce collision speed and impact. The Premium Package adds heated and cooled front seats, a power-adjustable steering wheel, iPod integration system, folding outdoor mirrors, and aluminum paddle shifters to adjust the gears when using the manual shift mode.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: All 2009 FX models came standard with Infiniti's new 7-speed automatic transmission, which was also introduced on the 2009 G37 coupe.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: The FX35 (U.S.) is available in both rear-wheel drive or all-wheel drive configuration, while the FX35 (Canada), FX37 (Europe), and FX50 (all) come standard with all-wheel drive. The FX uses Nissan's ATTESA E-TS all-wheel drive system.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: All FX50 models ordered with the Sport package (FX50S) come equipped with Active Steering package. This package features a planetary gearset on the steering shaft (similar to BMW), that varies the steering ratio between 12.0:1 and 18.5:1. The package also includes a rear-wheel steering system that induces up to one degree of steer to the rear wheels, to provide increased handling response for the vehicle.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: Changes to the Infiniti FX include a redesigned front grille and front fascia design, revised meter illumination, standard heated front seats on all models, a new exterior color, Graphite Shadow (replaces Platinum Graphite), a new 20-inch wheel design for the FX35 Deluxe Touring Package, the addition of Adaptive Front-lighting System (AFS) to the FX50 Sport Package, a shift of the quilted leather climate-controlled front seats to the FX35 Deluxe Touring Package from the Premium Package.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: The Limited Edition is based on the FX35 AWD, with exclusive Iridium Blue body color, 21-inch 10-spoke dark finish aluminum-alloy turbine wheels, Infiniti Hard Drive Navigation System, Around View Monitor, dark tinted adaptive headlamps, and dark tinted side air vents, and lower door trim.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: It is a version of the Infiniti FX50 with Moonlight White body color, matte white exterior color, F1-inspired carbon fiber front air dam with white LED running lights, F1-inspired side skirts and rear air dam, 21-inch 10-spoke black-finish aluminum wheels, dark-tinted adaptive headlamps, dark tinted rear tail lamps, satin aluminum door handles, side air vents and exterior trim, carbon fiber rear wing, carbon-fiber interior trim, F1-inspired steering wheel and suede seating surfaces, unique Sebastian Vettel badging on the side fenders, rear liftgate, interior center console and embroidered front seats; increased engine power to , a front air dam providing increased downforce, 20 millimeters lower ride height and 30 percent improved coefficient of drag over the standard FX.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: It is a limited (150 units (50 in Western Europe)) version of the Infiniti FX50 based on the Sebastian Vettel Edition concept, with Moonlight White body color.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: From 2013, also built at Nissan Motor Company's plant in Shushari, Saint-Petersburg, Russia until 2014.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: US models went on sale in June 2013 as 2014 model year vehicles. Early models included QX70 5.0 AWD, QX70 3.7 AWD and QX70 3.7. 5.0 AWD was last offered in the U.S. in the 2014 model year.


title: Infiniti QX70

text: In July 2017, the US-market QX70 would not be offered in the 2018 model year due to poor sales and the company's focus to the better-selling QX50.


title: The Young Riders

text: The Young Riders is an American western television series created by Ed Spielman that presents a fictionalized account of a group of young Pony Express riders (some of whom are young versions of legendary figures in Old West history) based at the Sweetwater Station in the Nebraska Territory during the years leading up to the American Civil War. The series premiered on ABC on September 20, 1989 and ran for three seasons until the final episode aired on July 23, 1992.


title: The Young Riders

text: Filming of the original pilot for the series took place in California. After the ABC network picked it up, the series production moved to Tucson, Arizona, with filming in "Mescal", a western-themed movie town operated by Old Tucson Studios.


title: The Young Riders

text: Before the series premiere, producers of the 1988 film "Young Guns" filed a lawsuit against ABC and the series producers, claiming the series title combined with its plot infringed on their trademark.


title: The Young Riders

text: In the second season, Don Franklin joined the cast to portray the character Noah Dixon. In doing so, he became the third African-American actor to hold a starring role in a television western – after Raymond St. Jacques, who had co-starred on the final season of "Rawhide" as cattle drover Simon Blake (1965) and Otis Young, who co-starred with Don Murray on the short-lived (1968–69) TV series "The Outcasts". Having never ridden a horse before, Franklin was sent to "Cowboy Camp" for 3–4 days where he learned how to mount and dismount, and the basics of riding. Desiring to also work behind the cameras, Franklin talked with producers about writing and directing an episode for the series. In an interview, he noted that the series producers were very receptive and was regularly encouraging the cast to not only make suggestions, but also follow through with them. When the cast noted that they didn't like the series becoming a "guest-villain-of-the-week", it was changed to refocus back on the individual characters and their relationships with each other. Franklin himself also encouraged that more black characters be included in the series.


title: The Young Riders

text: A former Texas Ranger and one of the few survivors of the Battle of the Alamo. A colorful yet immensely wise character, Teaspoon can be a tough task master but he cares about all of his riders.


title: The Young Riders

text: A soft-spoken southerner. He loves his horse, Katy, whom he purchased by winning the money to buy her in a boxing match. He is the first of the riders to learn that Lou is a girl, and he falls in love with her.


title: The Young Riders

text: Buffalo Bill is arrogant, brash, and a bit on the goofy side, but also devoted to his friends. He is an excellent shot with long arms such as rifles.


title: The Young Riders

text: Wild Bill is hot-tempered and quick to go for his gun. He is a fast draw and gains a reputation as a gunslinger that he doesn't particularly want as it causes people to come challenge him. His temper frequently gets him in trouble, though Teaspoon and Sam try to help him learn to control it.


title: The Young Riders

text: A half-Kiowa who is close friends with Ike. Buck helps break down stereotypes that the townsfolk have of Indians in the area.


title: The Young Riders

text: Lou presents herself as a man so that she can join the riders. The Kid finds Lou out in the first episode, and the other riders when they help her rescue her brother and sister from their abusive outlaw father. She eventually falls in love with and marries The Kid.


title: The Young Riders

text: The current marshal of Sweetwater, and a former gunslinger. He is in love with Emma and she finally marries him at the end of Season 1. Because of his own past, Sam tries to help Hickok deal with his growing gunslinger reputation.


title: The Young Riders

text: Ike is mute and bald, but that doesn't keep him from being an excellent rider. He is particularly close to Buck, who taught him sign language. Ike can be very passionate about protecting people.


title: The Young Riders

text: The caretaker of the station and the riders. Though she can be just as tough as Teaspoon when the riders do wrong, she tries to be a mother to them all. She is in love with Marshal Cain, but because of her past, she hesitated to marry him until the end of the first season.


title: The Young Riders

text: Many prominent actors guest-starred on the show, including Mitchell Ryan, Rob Estes, Chris Penn, Lloyd Bochner, Jay O. Sanders, Ted Shackelford, Roger Rees, James Gammon, Meg Foster, Albert Salmi,


title: The Young Riders

text: Kelli Williams, Fisher Stevens, Della Reese, Melissa Michaelsen, David Carradine, Stacy Keach Sr., Pernell Roberts, David Soul, Cynthia Nixon, Richard Roundtree, Buck Taylor, Nick Ramus, Jamie Walters, Frances Fisher, Noble Willingham, James Cromwell, William Russ, John Slattery, Rebecca Staab, Jim Beaver, Peter MacNicol, Tim Thomerson, Stan Shaw, Bart the Bear, Brian Keith, Park Overall, Brian Bonsall, John Schuck, Gloria Reuben, Khrystyne Haje, Gary Sandy, John DeLancie, Tammy Grimes, Frederic Forrest, Frederick Coffin, Cliff DeYoung, William Sanderson, Sydney Walsh, Cassie Yates, Robert Clohessy, and Jenny O'Hara


title: The Young Riders

text: In its first year on the air, "The Young Riders" was plagued by low ratings. In November 1989, it ranked 60th out of 84 programs for its time slot in the Nielsen ratings. In its second season, the series was given a new timeslot and made a dramatic turn around, winning its time slot five out of its first seven weeks, and consistently outperformed the other critically acclaimed shows on the night "China Beach" and "Twin Peaks". Though still only ranked 57th in the Nielsen Ratings, it began building a "small, but loyal" following among teens and young adults.


title: The Young Riders

text: Diane Holloway of the "Austin American-Statesman" felt it offered a new take on the standard Western, and praised the series for its "beautiful" cinematography. The "Philadelphia Inquirer"s Ken Tucker heavily criticized the series when it premiered considering it "one of the season's most pretentious bombs" and feeling "everything about [it] is overdone" including the acting. Considering it a rip off of the films "Young Guns" and "The Long Riders", Tucker considered the series failed at period authenticity and thought the riders dressed no different from 1980s young adults. Writing for "The Atlanta Journal", Phil Kloer agreed with Tucker, also calling the series a rip off of "Young Guns". Kloer considered the pilot to be "not particularly good or bad", and felt the series was doomed to fail quickly. He did, however, praise the series cinematography as being "more like a film than a TV series, very beautiful with lots of soft light". Ron Miller of "TV Weekly", however, praised the series when it was released. As it entered its second season, he renewed his praise, noting the more successful series was now "thumbing its nose at all the prognosticators" who had considered it unlikely to succeed.


title: The Young Riders

text: MGM released the first season of "The Young Riders" as a single Region 1 DVD box set on March 21, 2006.


title: The Young Riders

text: TGG Direct released season 3 on DVD in Region 1 for the very first time on January 29, 2013. They also re-released the first season on the same day. Season 2 was released on October 22, 2013. However, due to clearance issues, the episodes "Born to Hang," "Bad Company," "Blood Money," and "Littlest Cowboy" were excluded. Another Season 2 set was released in 2014. In addition to the four episodes excluded from the 2013 release, the 2014 set also excludes the episodes "Dead Ringer" and "The Play's the Thing".


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: Margarita with a Straw is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Shonali Bose. It stars Kalki Koechlin as an Indian teenager with cerebral palsy who relocates to America for her undergraduate education and comes of age following her complex relationship with a blind girl, played by Sayani Gupta. Revathi, Kuljeet Singh, and William Moseley play supporting roles. Produced by Bose in partnership with Viacom18 Motion Pictures, "Margarita with a Straw" was co-written by Bose and Nilesh Maniyar. The film deals with the challenging concepts of sexuality, inclusion, self-love, and self-acceptance.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: Bose conceived the idea for the film in January 2011 during a conversation with Malini Chib, her cousin and a disability rights activist, about the latter's desire to have a normal sex life. Inspired by Chib's story, Bose wrote the first draft of the film's script. After winning a Sundance Mahindra Global Filmmaker Award for the draft, she modified the script to reflect her own perspective, incorporating several personal experiences into the narrative. Bose completed the screenplay with co-writer Maniyar and the advisory council of the Sundance Institute.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: Bose was keen to cast an actress with cerebral palsy for the central part, but eventually hired Koechlin, who learnt the movements and speech patterns of people with the disorder. Filming took place in Delhi and New York in 2013, with Anne Misawa as the director of photography. The film was selected for the National Film Development Corporation of India's Work-in-Progress Lab initiative during post-production, which was completed in the latter half of 2013. The soundtrack for the film was composed by Mikey McCleary.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: "Margarita with a Straw" premiered at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival. It was also screened at the Tallinn Black Nights, the BFI London, the Vesoul Festival of Asian Cinema, and the Galway Film Fleadh. The film was released theatrically in India on 17 April 2015 to positive reviews. Commentators praised most aspects of the production, Koechlin's performance, and Bose's direction. Koechlin won the Screen Award for Best Actress and the National Film AwardSpecial Jury Award, and Bose won the NETPAC Award at Toronto. Commercially, "Margarita with a Straw" grossed over 74million against a production budget of 65million.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: Laila Kapoor is a teenager with cerebral palsy studying at Delhi University. She is an aspiring writer and also composes music for an indie band at the university. Laila develops feelings for the lead singer, but is heartbroken when she is rejected. Moving on from the experience, Laila is overjoyed to receive a scholarship for a semester's study at New York University. Despite her father's reservations, she moves to Greenwich Village, Manhattan with her orthodox Maharashtrian mother Shubhangini Damle.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: Laila meets an attractive young man named Jared, who is assigned to help her in the creative writing class. She also meets a young activist, Khanum, a blind girl of Pakistani-Bangladeshi descent, with whom she falls in love. Laila is enamoured by Khanum's fiercely independent personality and her positive perspective towards her own disability. The two spend most of their time together, filling in as each other's caregivers. Laila becomes confused about her sexual orientation, as she is attracted to men (Jared in particular) while being in a serious relationship with Khanum. She has sex with Jared, only to regret it immediately. Laila does not tell Khanum about this encounter. Oblivious to her daughter's relationship with Khanum, Laila's mother invites Khanum to Delhi to spend the winter vacation with Laila's family.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: Laila ultimately finds the courage to come out to her mother about bisexuality and her relationship with Khanum, both of which her mother strongly disapproves. Laila also confesses to Khanum that she had sex with Jared and asks for her forgiveness. Feeling betrayed by Laila, Khanum breaks up with her and leaves for New York. Shubhangini is diagnosed with advanced colon cancer which has relapsed after previous treatments. Laila and her mother move past their differences while Laila tends to her at the hospital. The two eventually reconcile shortly before Shubhangini's death. Laila plays a song (recorded by Shubhangini) at Shubhangini's funeral telling how much she loved her and how she was the only one who ever understood her. Laila is later seen drinking a margarita with a straw.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: Shonali Bose began working on a story in January 2011, on what would have been her son's 17th birthday (he had died the year previously). She worked on the first draft extensively for about a month. Although the main character of Laila is based on her cousin Malini Chib, a disability rights activist, the narrative follows Bose's own experience of losing a family member. She acknowledged the difficulty of incorporating elements from her personal life into the story, calling it a "tough emotional journey". The idea of working on a film about disability was conceived during a casual conversation between Bose and her aunt (Chib's mother), who wanted her niece to work on a similar project aimed at creating awareness regarding the subject. Having grown up in the same household as Chib, Bose was familiar with the discrimination faced by people with disabilities. She was especially intrigued by the general ignorance exhibited towards the sexuality of people with disabilities, and therefore decided to incorporate it into the narrative.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: Bose later adapted the original draft into a feature film-length script for "Margarita with a Straw" with co-writer Nilesh Maniyar. In 2012 the script won the Sundance Mahindra Global Filmmaker Award. As part of the prize, the duo were awarded mentorships from the Sundance Institute's staff and creative advisors, and participated in a Feature Film Program Lab, which is where Bose decided to modify the story. After being told by the advisory board that she was "not in the skin of the character", Bose decided to rewrite the script from her own perspective, instead of solely trying to incorporate Chib's point of view. She said that only after winning the award did she incorporate (unconsciously) her experiences as a bisexual woman in India. Bose and Maniyar worked for two years on the script as it went through more than forty revisions before becoming the final screenplay.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: Bose originally intended to cast actors with the same disabilities as the characters of Laila and Khanum. Since there were no actresses with cerebral palsy in India, she held auditions for the role in institutions that catered to patients, but could not find a suitable person to play the central role. Bose also had a meeting with a blind actress in her early thirties to discuss the role of Khanum, a character she associated herself with. The actress refused to pursue the role, being uncomfortable with the sexual content of the script. She nevertheless helped Bose by assisting Sayani Gupta, who was eventually cast as Khanum.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: Having decided to cast a professional for the part of Laila, Bose approached Kalki Koechlin, who she said was her "first and only choice" for the role. Since Koechlin was still shooting for "Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani" (2013) at the time, Bose began looking for other actresses to play the role, but felt that "something was missing" in each one. She eventually decided to push the filming back for three months to accommodate her first choice. Koechlin admitted that the role was the most challenging of her film career and she took six months to prepare for it. She underwent a six-week training workshop with actor Adil Hussain, which was aimed at making her "body language seem natural", while also focusing on the speech pattern of patients with cerebral palsy. Koechlin spent considerable time with Chib and her physiotherapist and speech therapist. She also attended a month-long workshop in Delhi, where she worked on body part movements. Although the film addresses aspects of the challenges of physical disability, Koechlin dubbed it "a romcom within some hurdles". Bose too described the film as a coming-of-age story about a "woman's journey of finding love".


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: Maniyar, who also served as the casting director for the film, contacted Gupta for the role of Khanum while she was working on the travel show "Yeh Hai India Meri Jaan". Immediately drawn to the character, Gupta agreed to audition and was cast for the role after a lengthy selection process that lasted about a month. She said in a later interview that she had felt fortunate to have bagged the character of Khanum. To prepare for the role, Gupta stayed blindfolded while doing daily activities such as cooking and bathing and spent time with a special voice and accent trainer. She also attended classes at the National Association for the Blind, where she learned basic braille. Revathi, who had previously played a mother to a young child with cerebral palsy in "Anjali" (1990), agreed to play Laila's mother after reading the script. William Moseley was cast as Jared, a British student in Laila's class.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: Principal photography for "Margarita with a Straw" began in 2013 and took place at New Delhi and New York with two separate schedules. Anne Misawa worked as the director of photography. While the first half of the story is set in the Shri Ram College of Commerce of Delhi University, it was mainly filmed at Miranda House. Students and staff members from institutions such as Ramjas College and Lady Shri Ram were involved actively in the project. Tenzin Dalha, a final year political science student from the former, played one of Koechlin's love interests in the film; Shuchi Dwivedi from the latter played Koechlin's best friend. Other students from the university were cast as members of a local band, which also included Dalha and Dwivedi. Koechlin's father was played by Kuljeet Singh, an English Literature professor from Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: Set in the neighbourhood of Greenwich Village, the second half of "Margarita with a Straw" was shot during the summer in New York. Filming took place at Roosevelt Island and Coney Island. Snow machines created the artificial environment required for various sequences set during winter season. The crew faced difficulties in filming certain scenes. At one point, the van that was used to carry Koechlin in her wheelchair broke down and had to be manually stabilised during the shoot. Prior to the filming of the sex sceness, the cast attended workshops to develop a better understanding of emotional and sexual intimacy. Moseley, who was especially anxious about his scenes with Koechlin, attended a workshop conducted by Bose herself. The complete film was shot in two months.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: "Margarita with a Straw" was selected for the National Film Development Corporation of India's Work in Progress Lab initiative during post-production in 2013. It was edited by Monisha Baldawa and the sound mixing was done by Resul Pookutty and Amrit Pritam. Certain scenes with frontal nudity were removed during the editing process to avoid a conflict with the Central Board of Film Certification. Produced by Viacom18 Motion Pictures and Ishan Talkies, in association with Jakhotia Group and ADAPT, the film's final cut ran for a total of 100 minutes. Bose had funded the project herself as Viacom18 covered only half the estimated 65million production cost. Another partner withdrew financial support around ten days prior to commencement of filming. Bose had to apply for a personal loan to pay the bills, but was able to complete the film with support from the crew members, who agreed to their payments being delayed. The international distribution rights for "Margarita with a Straw" were acquired by Wide Management, a Paris-based sales-production-distribution house.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: Music director and singer Mikey McCleary composed the soundtrack for "Margarita with a Straw", with Joi Barua serving as the guest composer for both versions of the song "Dusokute". The lyrics for the album were written primarily by Prasoon Joshi, except for the tracks "I Need a Man" and "Don't Go Running Off Anytime Soon", the latter featuring English lyrics written by McCleary. Artists such as Sharmistha Chatterjee, Sonu Kakkar, Anushka Manchanda, Rachel Varghese, Vivienne Pocha, and Rajnigandha Shekhawat provided vocals for the album on various tracks. The first track to be released, the soft rock number "Dusokute", was originally composed by Barua in Assamese and was rewritten in Hindi by Joshi. In April 2015 the complete soundtrack was released under the Zee Music Company label.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: Critics such as Kasmin Fernandes and Joginder Tuteja gave positive reviews of the soundtrack's unconventional style. The former appreciated Barua's "energetic vocals" in "Dusokute" and the "desi yet classy" number "Foreign Balamwa" in her 3-out-of-5-star review for "The Times of India". She described the lyrics by Joshi as "cheerful", but was less impressed by McCleary's "passable" writing. Tuteja, writing for Bollywood Hungama, noted the album's lack of a commercial appeal and wrote that at best it "fit[s] in well into the stage and setting that the film stands for". He praised McCleary's command of the English compositions and his "boyish charm" as a vocalist. Tuteja was particularly impressed by Pocha's "thumping vocals" in "I Need a Man" and the serene effect of the final two tracks of the album. He also found the choice of such artists as Manchanda and Kakkar odd for what he described as an album heavily influenced by Western music. Bryan Durham of the "Daily News and Analysis" considered the duo's respective tracks "unusual" and "candid". He singled out the instrumental number, "Laila's Theme", as "the beating heart of the film".


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: "Margarita with a Straw" premiered worldwide at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival, where it received a standing ovation. The event was attended by the cast and crew, including Bose and Koechlin; the latter said she was overwhelmed by the response and "loved to see the audiences cry and laugh with the movie". The film was subsequently screened at film festivals across Europe, including the Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival, the BFI London Film Festival, the Galway Film Fleadh, the Vesoul Festival of Asian Cinema, and the Giffoni International Film Festival. "Margarita with a Straw" had its American premiere at the 2015 Palm Springs International Film Festival. It was screened in Castro Theater at CAAMFest, and shown at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival later that year. The film opened the 2015 New York Indian Film Festival, and also featured at the 19th Busan International Film Festival and the Istanbul Film Festival. Out on Film, Miami Gay & Lesbian Film Festival, and were among the LGBT events that screened the production.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: After garnering acclaim at the international film festival circuit, the producers of "Margarita with a Straw" sent it straight to the Central Board of Film Certification. The decision to not send it to any of the major Indian film festivals was looked upon by commentators such as Uma Da Cunha, editor for Film India Worldwide, as a part of a marketing strategy. Srinivasan Narayan, organiser of the Mumbai International Film Festival, said that while Indian film festivals have grown they have not yet reached a level where they can compete for international premieres. Instead, "Margarita with a Straw" had pre-released screenings for members of the Indian film industry in Mumbai. Along with the cast and crew of the production, these showings were variously attended by Amitabh and Jaya Bachchan, Aamir Khan, Kiran Rao, Vidya Balan, Anurag Kashyap, and Shraddha Kapoor. The film was positively received at the time; Bollywood personalities including Khan and Hrithik Roshan hosted separate special screenings for the film.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: Ahead of its commercial release, the crew organised several promotional events. In an interview with the Indo-Asian News Service Koechlin talked about the importance of marketing for an independent film, saying that although the content of the films is becoming better, Bollywood remains an industry largely driven by box office gains. Bose wanted the film to be marketed as a commercial one despite its art house appeal; she was not very keen on sending it to film festivals and later asked the producers to avoid mentioning the accolades at any of the promotional events. The official trailer was released on 4 March 2015 on Viacom18 Motion Pictures' official YouTube channel. First look posters featuring Koechlin sipping margaritas using a drinking straw were also unveiled on the same day. The film was released theatrically in India on 17 April 2015. It is available on Netflix.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: "Margarita with a Straw" received positive reviews, with some describing the film as "wonderfully liberating" and "an achievement [for Indian cinema]". Particular praise was directed towards Koechlin's performance and Bose's sensitive depiction of cerebral palsy. Saibal Chatterjee of NDTV lauded the honest depiction of disability and was pleased with how Laila's handicap eventually ceases to matter. Baradwaj Rangan similarly found Bose's treatment of disability and normalcy refreshing: according to Rangan, "there's not a trace of stereotype, not a shred of self-pity" in the characterisation, and the most remarkable thing is that "Laila isn't a differently abled person. She's a person who is differently abled [...] human being comes first, the condition only later." "Firstpost"s Deepanjana Pal was especially impressed by the sex scenes, which conveyed a "tenderness towards the on-screen lovers" without being weird or coy.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: Koechlin's performance as Laila drew a lot attention from film critics, who variously attributed her screen appeal to the lack of acting pretence and her "understated artistry". Venky Vembu of "The Hindu" wrote that Koechlin lent "such verisimilitude to her portrayal of a person with cerebral palsy, that you forget [...] she's an able-bodied actress." Writing for "The Commercial Appeal", John Beifuss compared Koechlin's performance to Eddie Redmayne's portrayal of Stephen Hawking in the biopic "The Theory of Everything" (2014). He wrote that her performance would have attracted Academy Award notice in a major film studio production. This view was echoed by other writers as well. The supporting cast also received positive reviews. Revathi's "finely nuanced" portrayal of a mother was lauded, and her performance was singled out as "[more] compelling" than any other in the film. Writing for the "Los Angeles Times", Gary Goldstein offered a mixed response to the production, but wrote that "it's hard not to be captivated" by Koechlin's and Gupta's performances.


title: Margarita with a Straw

text: Observers also praised the film's technical aspects, while ascribing its appeal to its script, which was "emotionally arresting and startlingly revelatory" and "straight from the heart". Bose's direction was praised for its restraint and its "luminous austerity" and the "expert use of emotions and moments". Many also highlighted the cinematography and commended Misawa for her "judicious work" and "charming frames lit up with an almost dream-like, soft light".