title: Marmaduke (2010 film)

text: The next morning, the family discover that Marmaduke is missing and begin searching for him. Mazie and the family find him at the same time on the streets, but Mazie falls into the subterranean rainwater conduit after the street below her collapses. Marmaduke jumps in after her and Phil tries to retrieve him, as well as the fire department. The fireman saves Mazie but loses Marmaduke in the raging water. By this time, Phil has been fired for missing the meeting for the last chance with Petco. He then runs to the aqueduct that the conduits lead to and finds Marmaduke in the raging waters. He begs Marmaduke to let go of the branch he's holding onto and let the waters carry him to Phil. He reluctantly does, and is saved. Several kids record it on video and put it on YouTube. Since it generates almost 700,000 hits, Phil is rehired. Phil then talks about moving back to Kansas, but the entire family wants to stay in California. Marmaduke later confronts the pedigrees, saying that differences shouldn't matter, that they're all dogs and should have an equal share of the park. Everyone agrees and turn on Bosco, who leaves, after revealing his fear of bees, which Marmaduke is also afraid of. Meanwhile, the YouTube video also wins the company the Petco deal. Phil and Don begin thinking of new commercials when they ask each other about if the dogs could talk to each other, or even dance.


title: Marmaduke (2010 film)

text: The finale then shows Marmaduke, Carlos, Jezebel, Mazie, Giuseppe, Raisin, Thunder, Lightning, and Buster, among others, dancing and singing "What I Like About You", which turns out to be the commercial. In the end, Marmaduke and Mazie are dating, Marmaduke and Jezebel are friends and all is well. Marmaduke then passes gas in the bed as he winks at the camera.


title: Marmaduke (2010 film)

text: "Marmaduke" was released on June 4, 2010, by 20th Century Fox to 3,213 theaters in the US. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 31, 2010.


title: Marmaduke (2010 film)

text: The film earned $3.4 million on opening day, landing in sixth place behind "Sex and the City 2", "", "Killers", "Get Him to the Greek", and "Shrek Forever After" respectively. The film remained in sixth place over the weekend, with $11.6 million earned for a $3,608 average from 3,213 theaters. In its second weekend, it had a 48% decline to just over $6 million and descending to seventh place. The film closed on September 16, 2010, after grossing $33.6 million in the US and an additional $50.1 million overseas for a worldwide total of $83.8 million.


title: Marmaduke (2010 film)

text: On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 9% of 103 reviews are positive, with an average rating of 3.30/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Dull and unfunny, "Marmaduke" offers family filmgoers little more than another round of talking animals and scatological humor." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 30 out of 100 based on 22 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.


title: Marmaduke (2010 film)

text: Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" gave the film two out of four stars, and wrote in his review, "The moment I saw Marmaduke's big drooling lips moving, I knew I was in trouble." The "Radio Times" was quite positive, saying "it's all a tad contrived, but young and old alike will get something from it—even if the lip movements take a bit of getting used to."


title: Marmaduke (2010 film)

text: "Marmaduke" was nominated at the Teen Choice Awards for Choice Movie: Animated. George Lopez was nominated for a Razzie Award for Worst Supporting Actor for his roles in "Marmaduke", among others.


title: Marmaduke (2010 film)

text: It was announced on the Andrews McMeel website that an animated film adaptation of "Marmaduke" was planned to be released sometime in 2022. The film features Pete Davidson as Marmaduke, J.K. Simmons as Zeus, and David Koechner as Phil Winslow. However, instead of releasing by 20th Century Fox under the 20th Century Fox Animation label, the animation was provided by One Cool Animation and the film was released on Netflix on May 6, 2022 and in theatres internationally on May 27, 2022 alongside "" and "The Bob's Burgers Movie". The film also received negative reviews similar to the 2010 film.


title: Amy Robbins

text: Amy Louise Robbins (born 18 February 1971) is an English stage, film and TV actress best known for her role as Dr. Jill Weatherill in the British television series "The Royal". Before her role in "The Royal" she played Police Sergeant Rachel James in the BBC One hospital drama "Casualty". Robbins has appeared in many TV series including "Emmerdale", "EastEnders", "Holby City", "World's End", "Where the Heart Is", "Happiness", "My Hero", "Heartbeat", "Dalziel and Pascoe", "The Slammer", "Doctors", "People Like Us", "Holby City", "Hollyoaks" and "Noah's Ark".


title: Amy Robbins

text: The 1986 Granada Television sketch show "Robbins" featured her brother Ted Robbins and sisters Jane, Emma and Kate Robbins, along with herself guest appearing in various episodes.


title: Amy Robbins

text: Before landing her role as Dr Jill Weatherill in "The Royal", Robbins played a recurring character, Police Sergeant Rachel James in the BBC One hospital drama "Casualty" for one series.


title: Amy Robbins

text: Robbins also appeared in the BAFTA winning TV film 'My Beautiful Son 'playing the part of Maureen opposite Julie Walters.


title: Amy Robbins

text: She played Mrs Johnstone in "Blood Brothers", from 1 August 2011 to the end of January 2012, at the Phoenix Theatre, London.


title: Amy Robbins

text: She worked at Chichester Festival Theatre in "The Accrington Pals" with actress Katherine Kelly and has appeared in many more stage productions including "A Day in the Death of Joe Egg".


title: Amy Robbins

text: In 2011, Robbins performed for the Queen at Buckingham Palace in A Celebration of Youth in the Arts with RADA, playing the part of Lady Capulet alongside actors Anne Reid and Bryony Hannah.


title: Amy Robbins

text: In April and May 2013 Robbins played Titania/Hippolyta in "A Midsummer Night's Dream" at the Royal & Derngate Theatre, Northampton.


title: Amy Robbins

text: In 2014, she filmed World's End, a series of 36 15-minute episodes for CBBC. World's End premiers on 30 March 2015.


title: Amy Robbins

text: From January to May 2016 Amy starred alongside her husband Robert Daws in Bill Kenright's touring production of Rehearsal For Murder.


title: Amy Robbins

text: In March 2017, Robbins joined the cast of Channel 4 soap opera, "Hollyoaks", as Lynette Drinkwell, the mother of Scott Drinkwell, played by Ross Adams, and the sister of Diane O'Connor, portrayed by Alex Fletcher.


title: Amy Robbins

text: Youngest of five children, Robbins was born in Higher Bebington to an acting family and trained at RADA. She also received an English and Drama degree from Goldsmiths, University of London. In February 2003, she married her "The Royal" co-star Robert Daws who plays Dr. Gordon Ormerod (who later became her screen husband). The couple have two children. She is a first cousin once removed of ex-Beatle Paul McCartney and the younger sister of Ted Robbins and Kate Robbins, impressionist and actress. Robbins also has two other sisters and is the aunt of actress Emily Atack. Her grandfather, Ted, served as the secretary of the Football Association of Wales for more than 35 years.


title: Tau (particle)

text: The tau (), also called the tau lepton, tau particle, tauon or tau electron, is an elementary particle similar to the electron, with negative electric charge and a spin of. Like the electron, the muon, and the three neutrinos, the tau is a lepton, and like all elementary particles with half-integer spin, the tau has a corresponding antiparticle of opposite charge but equal mass and spin. In the tau's case, this is the "antitau" (also called the "positive tau"). Tau particles are denoted by the symbol and the antitaus by .


title: Tau (particle)

text: Tau leptons have a lifetime of and a mass of (compared to for muons and for electrons). Since their interactions are very similar to those of the electron, a tau can be thought of as a "much" heavier version of the electron. Because of their greater mass, tau particles do not emit as much bremsstrahlung radiation as electrons; consequently they are potentially much more highly penetrating than electrons.


title: Tau (particle)

text: Because of its short lifetime, the range of the tau is mainly set by its decay length, which is too small for bremsstrahlung to be noticeable. Its penetrating power appears only at ultra-high velocity and energy (above petaelectronvolt energies), when time dilation extends its otherwise very short path-length.


title: Tau (particle)

text: The search for tau started in 1960 at CERN by the Bologna-CERN-Frascati (BCF) group led by Antonino Zichichi. Zichichi came up with an idea of a new sequential heavy lepton, now called tau, and invented a method of search. He performed the experiment at the ADONE facility in 1969 once its accelerator became operational; however, the accelerator he used did not have enough energy to search for the tau particle.


title: Tau (particle)

text: The tau was independently anticipated in a 1971 article by Yung-su Tsai. Providing the theory for this discovery, the tau was detected in a series of experiments between 1974 and 1977 by Martin Lewis Perl with his and Tsai's colleagues at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBL) group. Their equipment consisted of SLAC's then-new electron–positron colliding ring, called SPEAR, and the LBL magnetic detector. They could detect and distinguish between leptons, hadrons, and photons. They did not detect the tau directly, but rather discovered anomalous events:


title: Tau (particle)

text: The need for at least two undetected particles was shown by the inability to conserve energy and momentum with only one. However, no other muons, electrons, photons, or hadrons were detected. It was proposed that this event was the production and subsequent decay of a new particle pair:


title: Tau (particle)

text: This was difficult to verify, because the energy to produce the pair is similar to the threshold for D meson production. The mass and spin of the tau was subsequently established by work done at DESY-Hamburg with the Double Arm Spectrometer (DASP), and at SLAC-Stanford with the SPEAR Direct Electron Counter (DELCO),


title: Tau (particle)

text: The symbol was derived from the Greek ("triton", meaning "third" in English), since it was the third charged lepton discovered.


title: Tau (particle)

text: Martin Lewis Perl shared the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics with Frederick Reines. The latter was awarded his share of the prize for experimental discovery of the neutrino.


title: Tau (particle)

text: The tau is the only lepton that can decay into hadrons – the masses of other leptons are too small. Like the leptonic decay modes of the tau, the hadronic decay is through the weak interaction.


title: Tau (particle)

text: The tau lepton is predicted to form exotic atoms like other charged subatomic particles. One of such, consists of an antitauon and an electron: .


title: Tau (particle)

text: Another one is an onium atom called "true tauonium" and is difficult to detect due to tau's extremely short lifetime at low (non-relativistic) energies needed to form this atom. Its detection would be an important test of quantum electrodynamics, if possible.


title: Caravaggio (1986 film)

text: Caravaggio is a 1986 British historical drama film directed by Derek Jarman. The film is a fictionalised re-telling of the life of Baroque painter Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. It is the film debut of Tilda Swinton and Sean Bean.


title: Caravaggio (1986 film)

text: Told in a segmented fashion, the film opens as Caravaggio dies from lead poisoning while in exile, with only his long-time, deaf companion Jerusaleme, who was given by his family to the artist as a boy, by his side. Caravaggio thinks back to his life as a teenage street ruffian who hustles and paints. While taken ill and in the care of priests, young Caravaggio catches the eye of Cardinal Francesco Maria del Monte. The Cardinal nurtures Caravaggio's artistic and intellectual development but seems to molest him.


title: Caravaggio (1986 film)

text: As an adult, Caravaggio still lives under the roof and paints with the funding of Del Monte. Caravaggio is shown employing street people, drunks and prostitutes as models for his intense, usually religious paintings. He is depicted as frequently brawling, gambling, getting drunk and is implied to sleep with both male and female models. In the art world, Caravaggio is regarded as vulgar and entitled for his Vatican connections.


title: Caravaggio (1986 film)

text: One day, Ranuccio, a street fighter for pay, catches Caravaggio's eye as a subject and potential lover. Ranuccio also introduces Caravaggio to his girlfriend Lena, who also becomes an object of attraction and a model to the artist. When both Ranuccio and Lena are separately caught kissing Caravaggio, each displays jealousy over the artist's attentions. One day, Lena announces she is pregnant without stating who the father is and will become a mistress to the wealthy Scipione Borghese. Soon, she is found murdered by drowning. Ranuccio weeps as Caravaggio and Jerusaleme clean Lena's body. Caravaggio is shown painting Lena after she dies and mournfully writhing with her body. Ranuccio is arrested for Lena's murder, but he claims to be innocent. Caravaggio pulls strings and goes to the pope to free Ranuccio. When Ranuccio is freed, he tells Caravaggio he killed Lena so they could be together. In response, Caravaggio cuts Ranuccio's throat, killing him. Back on his deathbed, Caravaggio is shown having visions of himself as a boy and trying to refuse the last rites offered him by the priests.


title: Caravaggio (1986 film)

text: In keeping with Caravaggio's use of contemporary dress for his Biblical figures, Jarman intentionally includes several anachronisms in the film that do not fit with Caravaggio's life in the 16th century. In one scene, Caravaggio is in a bar lit with electric lights. Another character is seen using an electronic calculator. Car horns are heard honking outside Caravaggio's studio, and in one scene, Caravaggio is seen leaning on a green truck. Cigarette smoking, a motorbike, and the use of a manual typewriter also featured in the film.


title: Caravaggio (1986 film)

text: The production designer was Christopher Hobbs who was also responsible for the copies of Caravaggio paintings seen in the film.


title: Caravaggio (1986 film)

text: "Caravaggio" was Jarman's first project with Tilda Swinton, and it was her first film role. The cook Jennifer Paterson was an extra. The film was entered into the 36th Berlin International Film Festival where it won the Silver Bear for an outstanding single achievement.


title: Caravaggio (1986 film)

text: "Caravaggio" was released on DVD by Umbrella Entertainment in July 2008. The DVD is compatible with all region codes and includes special features such as the trailer, a gallery of production designs and storyboards, feature commentary by Gabriel Berestain, an interview with Christopher Hobbs titled "Italy of the Memory", and interviews with Tilda Swinton, Derek Jarman, Nigel Terry.


title: Richie Rich (2015 TV series)

text: Richie Rich is an American sitcom series produced by DreamWorks Animation's AwesomenessTV for Netflix. The show is loosely based upon the Harvey Comics character of the same name, with Jake Brennan playing the eponymous character. However, all of the original characters (except for Richie and Irona) were replaced with a new supporting cast. The first season, consisting of 10 episodes, was released on February 20, 2015. A second season of 11 episodes was released on May 22, 2015.


title: Richie Rich (2015 TV series)

text: Richie Rich is a boy who turned vegetables into a clean energy source. As a result; Rich now has over a trillion dollars. Rich lives with his family in a mansion filled with toys, contraptions, and his best friends Darcy and Murray are always by his side, along with Richie's robot maid, Irona, his dad, Cliff; who loves naps and is a bit dense, and his jealous sister, Harper. Also, Darcy loves spending money and Murray doesn't want anything out of budget.


title: Richie Rich (2015 TV series)

text: The series was announced in October 2014 as part of an ongoing partnership between Netflix and DreamWorks Animation, in which DreamWorks will create 300 hours of original programming for the service. Unlike the comics, where the lead character comes from a wealthy family, Richie Rich has a self-made fortune from an innovative green technology. The series follows his adventures with his new wealth. Brian Robbins (co-founder and CEO of DreamWorks Animation-owned AwesomenessTV), Tim Pollock and Jeff Hodsden ("The Suite Life of Zack & Cody") are the executive producers and showrunners. Additionally, AwesomenessTV's Shauna Phelan and Joe Davola serve as executive producers on the series.


title: Mr. Bill

text: Mr. Bill is a clay figurine star of a parody of children's clay animation shows created by Walter Williams in 1974. "The Mr. Bill Show" got its start on "Saturday Night Live" as a series of Super 8 films sent in in response to the show's request for home movies during the first season. Mr. Bill's first appearance occurred on the February 28, 1976, episode. After five submitted films, Williams became a full-time writer for the show in 1978 and wrote more than 20 sketches based on Mr. Bill.


title: Mr. Bill

text: Each Mr. Bill episode started innocently but quickly turned dangerous for Mr. Bill and his dog Spot. He would suffer various indignities inflicted by "Mr. Hands", a man seen only as a pair of hands (originally performed by Vance DeGeneres). Sometimes the abuse came from Sluggo, another clay character, which Mr. Hands usually jokingly brands as one of Mr. Bill's "best friends". A running gag in the sketches is whenever Sluggo would make his appearance, Mr. Bill would get worried and say, "He's gonna be mean to me!", to which Mr. Hands often gives him reassurance by responding with, "No!". The violence inevitably escalated, generally ending with Mr. Bill being crushed or dismembered while squealing "Ohhhh noooooooooooooo!" in a falsetto voice.


title: Mr. Bill

text: The concept for Mr. Hands came from Williams' observation that children's cartoons in the 1970s were so static, he expected the artist's hands to enter the screen at any moment and physically start moving the drawings around.


title: Mr. Bill

text: Initial "Saturday Night Live" sketches featuring Mr. Bill were self-contained episodes with no direct continuity, with the earliest installments featuring higher-pitched character voices. After Walter Williams joined "SNL"'s writing staff in 1978, Mr. Bill formally moved to New York at the start of the season. Later sketches saw Mr. Bill become aware of Mr. Hands and Sluggo's mistreatment, with the 1979–80 season harboring an extended story arc where Mr. Bill lost his home, sought psychiatric help, attempted to get Mr. Hands and Sluggo arrested, and was ultimately thrown into prison.


title: Mr. Bill

text: Williams left "Saturday Night Live" after that season, but Mr. Bill returned for a Christmas short film in December 1980, as well as the sixth-season finale, where guest Chevy Chase found Mr. Bill in a garbage can. The last Mr. Bill sketch on "SNL" aired early in the 1981–1982 season, where Mr. Bill moved to Los Angeles. After "SNL", Mr. Bill has appeared on numerous other television programs and advertisements, including regular new sketches on the USA Network series "Night Flight" in the 1980s and the Fox Family Channel series "Ohh Nooo! Mr. Bill Presents" in the 1990s.


title: Mr. Bill

text: The character's popularity spawned the 1986 live-action Showtime television film "Mr. Bill's Real Life Adventures", with Peter Scolari as Mr. Bill.


title: Mr. Bill

text: A new Mr. Bill short film entitled "Mr. Bill Goes To Washington" premiered in theaters in 1993, preceding the movie "Ernest Rides Again". The short, which sees Mr. Bill elected as President of the United States, was also featured on the "Ernest Rides Again" home video release.


title: Mr. Bill

text: Two new Mr. Bill home videos were released in the mid-1990s featuring new content, including 1996's ""Ohh Nooo!!! It's Mr. Bill's 20th Anniversary"", and 1997 straight-to-video "Ho Ho Noooooo!!! It's Mr Bill's Christmas Special!", the latter featuring a guest appearance by former SNL contributor Don Novello as Father Guido Sarducci.


title: Jocky Wilson

text: John Thomas "Jocky" Wilson (22 March 1950 – 24 March 2012) was a Scottish professional darts player. After turning pro in 1979, he quickly rose to the top of the game, winning the World Professional Darts Championship in 1982, then again in 1989. Wilson competed in all major darts tournaments of the era and won the British Professional Championship a record four times between 1981 and 1988.


title: Jocky Wilson

text: A contemporary and rival of Eric Bristow, Bob Anderson and John Lowe, Wilson's ungainly appearance and rough-hewn lifestyle belied his prowess in the sport. He was dogged by health problems, however, and suddenly retired from the game in December 1995. He withdrew from public life, and was rarely seen in public or gave interviews before his death in March 2012.


title: Jocky Wilson

text: In 2022 the new World Seniors Darts Championships was launched with the trophy engraved with the names of four deceased former World Champions on the darts: Wilson, Bristow, Leighton Rees and Andy Fordham.


title: Jocky Wilson

text: As a child, Wilson's parents were deemed unfit to raise him and Wilson spent much of his childhood in an orphanage. He began playing in a local pub in Kirkcaldy where the landlady supported his interest in darts by giving him a used board to practise on.


title: Jocky Wilson

text: Wilson served in the British Army from 1966 to 1968. He also worked as a coal delivery man, fish processor, and also a miner at Kirkcaldy's Seafield Colliery. However, it was a spell of unemployment which was to prove the catalyst to Wilson achieving darting greatness.


title: Jocky Wilson

text: In 1979, during this period of unemployment, he entered a darts competition at Butlins, Ayrshire, which he went on to win, claiming the top prize of £500. His success in this tournament convinced him that he should turn professional.


title: Jocky Wilson

text: In 1981, Wilson beat world number one Eric Bristow and Cliff Lazarenko of England in the BDO Nations Cup final. His Scotland teammates in the 5–4 win were captain Rab Smith and Angus Ross.


title: Jocky Wilson

text: His greatest achievements came in the World Championships, first in 1982 where he beat Lowe 5–3 in the final, and then seven years later, when he beat his other great rival Bristow 6–4 in a classic match, where Bristow had recovered from 5–0 down to 5–4 and 2–2 in the tenth set. This was to be the Scot's last taste of success in a major event although the odd final appearance still came over the next few years.


title: Jocky Wilson

text: His record at the World Championship was one of great consistency. From his debut in 1979 until 1991 he managed to reach at least the quarter-finals on every single occasion. He was quarter-finalist eight times (1979, 1980, 1981, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991) and three-times a losing semi-finalist (1983, 1984, 1987) in addition to his two World titles. In 1992 and 1993 he suffered first round defeats for the only time at the Lakeside Country Club.


title: Jocky Wilson

text: He made several guest appearances on television including the popular darts themed quiz show "Bullseye" hosted by Jim Bowen, on 28 November 1982, produced by Central Television.


title: Jocky Wilson

text: In the television documentary, "Eric Bristow: Sports Life Stories", Bristow described various psychological ploys he used against his opponents to "scramble their heads". He added that in response the only two opponents who would look him in the eye at the handshake at the start of a game were Wilson and Lowe, saying that like himself they had "no fear". He also referred to Wilson's unorthodox style such as a tendency to jerk his shoulder on throwing the third dart. Bristow commented that it seemed to have no detrimental effect on the accuracy, describing Wilson as "a one off". Bristow stated though that Wilson's sporting demise was due to the increasing volumes of alcoholic spirits Wilson would consume remarking, 'At the end he was doing a 40 oz bottle'.


title: Jocky Wilson

text: Wilson joined the other top professionals who split away from the ruling British Darts Organisation in 1993 to form the WDC (now Professional Darts Corporation). He was not able to recapture the form that took him to two world championships however, and only participated in two PDC World Championships, failing to win a single match. He lost both group games in 1994 (to Dennis Priestley and Graeme Stoddart) and again in 1995 (to Priestley and Lowe).


title: Jocky Wilson

text: One of the highlights of Wilson's three years in the WDC was him reaching the final of the 1993 WDC Skol UK Matchplay in March 1993, which was broadcast on ITV and played on quadro dartboards. Wilson became one of the few players to have hit 240 on television during a visit to the dart board, by getting 3 darts in the quadruple 20, during his semi final victory over John Lowe. Wilson lost the final to Dennis Priestley.


title: Jocky Wilson

text: Wilson reached the quarter-finals of the 1994 World Matchplay, losing to eventual champion Larry Butler. Wilson's final appearance in a televised tournament came in the 1995 World Matchplay. He beat Rod Harrington 8–4 in the first round, but lost to Nigel Justice in the second round. Wilson never appeared in a major televised event again.


title: Jocky Wilson

text: Wilson never formally announced his retirement from darts; he simply departed from the sport suddenly on 23 December 1995. It is believed that he left after being diagnosed with diabetes, which stopped him drinking during games.


title: Jocky Wilson

text: For 10 years during his darts career, Wilson had a house in Wallsend to cut down on travel expenses, but he left that to return to his home town of Kirkcaldy. In 1996, he said, "I don't want anyone feeling sorry for me. There's only one person to blame for the situation I'm in, and that's me." He was declared bankrupt in 1998, and then survived on a disability allowance, living as a recluse in a one-bedroom flat back on the council estate where he grew up. He also suffered from arthritis in his hands.


title: Jocky Wilson

text: Wilson ceased giving interviews to the press and television. An "Observer" reporter tried to interview him in January 2007 on the 25th anniversary of his first title win, only to be told by his wife, "He never has (given an interview) since stopping and never will. He thinks it's all in the past, it's over with." However, Wilson talked briefly to "The Scotsman" in 2001. Despite his withdrawal from the game, in August 2009 the PDC announced a new tournament called "The Jocky Wilson Cup" in which Scotland's best players played England's best. England beat Scotland 6–0 in the inaugural tournament in December 2009.


title: Jocky Wilson

text: A heavy smoker for 40 years, in November 2009 it was announced that Wilson had been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Reports stated that he had smoked up to 50 cigarettes a day for most of his life. He died just after 9 p.m. on 24 March 2012 at his home in Kirkcaldy, at the age of 62. His funeral was held on 2 April at Kirkcaldy Crematorium; his rival Eric Bristow and sports presenter Helen Chamberlain were among the estimated 400 mourners.


title: Jocky Wilson

text: In 1982, Wilson was temporarily banned from competing in darts tournaments after he allegedly threw a punch at an official during a championship. This was taken as a reaction to Jocky's being under intense pressure at the time of the Falklands War, as he was married to an Argentine woman named Malvina (the Argentine name for the Falkland Islands is "Islas Malvinas"). He was soon allowed back into professional competitions again.


title: Jocky Wilson

text: Wilson was a constant sweet-eater and generally refused to brush his teeth ("My Gran told me the English poison the water"); he had lost his last tooth by the age of 28. Following his 1982 World title win, he paid £1,200 for dentures, but never took to them. They made him belch when drinking, he complained.


title: 4th Impact

text: 4th Impact is a Filipino girl group composed of sisters Almira, Irene, Mylene and Celina Cercado. The group competed in the twelfth season of the British singing contest "The X Factor", where they finished in fifth place. They are also known for having participated in several Philippine and international talent competitions, including the "World Championships of Performing Arts", which they won in 2006 and 2013, and the South Korean talent search "Superstar K6" in 2014, where they reached eighth place. The sisters are originally from Roxas, Isabela, and are now based in Metro Manila.


title: 4th Impact

text: Almira, the eldest of the sisters in the group, first began competing at a young age in Filipino talent shows such as "Batang Kampeon," which was won by Charice Pempengco, and "Star for a Night," which was won by Sarah Geronimo.


title: 4th Impact

text: The sisters formed their singing group in 2001 at the suggestion of an aunt. Initially, they named themselves 'The Cercado Sisters' after their surname and began performing and competing as a girl group at festivals, events and talent shows in Roxas, Isabela. In 2006, they were approached by one of the producers of the talent show FamJam, who asked them if they would like to represent the Philippines in the "World Championships of Performing Arts." They elected to join and eventually won 16 gold medals and four outstanding plaques and were proclaimed Junior Vocal Group Grand Champion of the competition. The following year, the group was invited to perform in the 2007 Monaco Charity Film Festival. In 2008, the group released a six-track self-titled EP under Viva Records, which did not reach commercial success. In 2009, they also began using the name 'The Gollayan Sisters', which was derived from their middle name. They continued to compete in various singing contests and in 2012 participated as members of a family troupe that won in the Filipino variety show "It's Showtime", singing covers of "I Believe I Can Fly" and "Queen of the Night". Early in 2013, the group landed a regular gig in the musical variety show "Sarah G Live" as backup singers and dancers. Later that same year, the group competed and won again in the "World Championships of Performing Arts", this time as the Grand Winner in the Senior Vocal Group Category, bringing home a haul of 20 gold medals, four silver medals and four over-all champion plaques. In April 2014, the group released their album "The Cercados: Unstoppable!" under Saturno Music, which also failed to reach commercial success.


title: 4th Impact

text: In August 2014, the group traveled to South Korea to audition in the talent competition "Superstar K6." The competition organizers asked if they could change their group name to something more easily remembered and pronounced, which was why they changed their name to 'MICA', an acronym formed from the first letters of their names. In the first stage of the auditions, the group sang "U&I" by Ailee, who, incidentally, was one of the judges on the panel. The judges were particularly impressed with the voices of Almira and Irene, and asked Almira to perform a solo piece to which she sang "Listen" by Beyoncé. Her performance further impressed the judges and the group moved on to the next round, where they performed their rendition of Idina Menzel's song "Let It Go" from the Disney movie "Frozen". Their performance went viral on social media and YouTube, quickly garnering over 20 million views in a short period of time. After competing in the knock-out stages of the show, MICA was eliminated in the second round of "Super Week". The judges, however, decided to bring them back as a wildcard act, and the group, along with 10 other acts, progressed to the live show stage of the competition. At that point, they were the only non-native Korean speaking contestants remaining on the show. The group was eliminated in Week 3 of the competition, finishing in eighth place.


title: 4th Impact

text: After their experience in Superstar K6, the group was about to abandon their singing career until a fan from the United Kingdom suggested that they try auditioning for the British singing contest "The X Factor". The group decided to submit an online application for the said reality TV competition, and, after a few months, received an invitation to audition for the show. In July 2015, the sisters traveled to London, and after going through several screening tryouts, eventually made it to the arena auditions for the 12th season of "The X Factor". Because there was already a current British artist named MICA, they introduced themselves as 4th Power and performed "Bang Bang" by Jessie J, Ariana Grande and Nicki Minaj as their audition piece. Their performance received a standing ovation from the audience and all four judges, with Simon Cowell saying, ""In terms of first auditions, this is probably one of the best I've ever seen."" After its airing, the group's audition went viral on YouTube and Facebook; and, as of June 2022, their YouTube audition video has garnered over 185 million views and is currently the most watched video in the show's history while the same video in Facebook has over 366 million views. The group sailed through the "Boot Camp" rounds of the show, where they performed "Proud Mary" by Tina Turner and "Titanium" by David Guetta, and the "Six-Chair Challenge" round where they performed "Show Me How You Burlesque" by Christina Aguilera. There, the mentor for group acts, Cheryl Fernandez-Versini, selected them as one of her final six acts. At this time, copyright issues were raised regarding their use of the name 4th Power, forcing the group to re-brand themselves again as 4th Impact. They then progressed to the "Judge's Houses" round, where they sang "Love the Way You Lie (Part II)" by Rihanna ft Eminem and were selected to move on to the live shows.


title: 4th Impact

text: In the show's quarter-final, the group ended up ranking in the bottom two of the contestants remaining. Being one of the two acts who received the fewest public votes, they had to perform against fellow contestant Lauren Murray for the last slot in the semi-final. For the sing-off, the group performed Jennifer Hudson's rendition of "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" by Jennifer Holliday. Show judges Rita Ora and Nick Grimshaw voted to send Murray through to the semi-final while Cheryl Fernandez-Versini and Simon Cowell voted to send 4th Impact through to the semi-final. The result went into a deadlock and Lauren Murray, who had more public votes compared to 4th Impact, advanced to the semi-final which meant group finished in fifth place.


title: 4th Impact

text: After their elimination from the "X Factor UK", 4th Impact received numerous offers to perform throughout the United Kingdom and in other countries. They appeared in several shows, venues and events in London and nearby cities. In early 2016, the group traveled on their first official tour, "The X Factor Live Tour", co-headlining with Louisa Johnson, Reggie 'n' Bollie, Che Chesterman, Lauren Murray, Anton Stephans, Mason Noise and Seann Miley Moore. Polls conducted by the show's producers prior to the tour showed 4th Impact as the most anticipated act in the tour's lineup. A poll conducted after the tour named 4th Impact as the best act of the show.


title: 4th Impact

text: After the X Factor Live Tour, 4th Impact continued to perform in the UK and internationally, particularly in Dubai; UAE; Dublin, Ireland; Oslo, Norway; and Gibraltar. In April 2016, 4th Impact returned to the Philippines to perform in the "1st Paradise International Music Festival", alongside Kanye West, Wiz Kalifa and other international and Filipino artists. Later that same year, the group announced their homecoming concert to the Philippines entitled "Invas10n", which also commemorated their tenth year as group. In December 2016, 4th Impact launched their "Invas10n Tour," with their first major concert held in the Philippines. They also traveled back to Dubai that same month for a repeat performance of their concert held in the city earlier that year.


title: 4th Impact

text: The group, with Star Music Philippines' backing, released their original debut single entitled "Unleash The Diva" in January 2017. The song peaked at number 3 in iTunes PH and number 1 at Spotify's Viral 50 PH.


title: 4th Impact

text: In March 2017, 4th Impact traveled to Doha, Qatar to perform in a one-night-only concert. Shortly after, they announced the first international leg of their Invas10n Tour, to be held in New Zealand and Australia in August 2017.


title: 4th Impact

text: In August 2017, 4th Impact officially announced that their first album is in the works and is being recorded under Star Music. Later that same month, the group went on their international Invas10n tour in Auckland, New Zealand and Melbourne and Sydney, Australia.


title: 4th Impact

text: In November 2017, 4th Impact announced that they signed with US-based Granda Entertainment and We R 1 Music Group and were in the process of recording an EP of original music.


title: 4th Impact

text: In early January 2018, 4th Impact announced that they had recorded the official theme song for the Star Cinema movie 'Ang Dalawang Mrs. Reyes' entitled "It's Not The Same Anymore".


title: 4th Impact

text: On March 21, 2018, Tony Valor, a US-based music artist, announced the international release of his single, "D' Nah Nah", recorded in collaboration with 4th Impact.


title: 4th Impact

text: On August 26, 2018, 4th Impact performed as the opening act for Boyzone in Manila (Farewell Tour) held at the Smart Araneta Coliseum.


title: 4th Impact

text: On March 10, 2019, 4th Impact performed as the opening act for Rita Ora's Phoenix World Tour held at the New Frontier Theater.


title: 4th Impact

text: On December 1, 2019, 4th Impact performed at the 30th SEA Games VIP Opening Gala Night 2019 held in the Philippines at The Tent at Solaire Resort and Casino.


title: 4th Impact

text: Also in December 2019, the group announced that they would be performing at the 24th Asian Television Awards which was to be held in the Philippines for the first time at the Newport Performing Arts Theater at the Resorts World Manila. The show was telecast across Asia on January 10, 11 and 12, 2020.


title: 4th Impact

text: Before the end of 2019, 4th Impact revealed that they were now independent artists and were currently in the process of recording their new original music.


title: 4th Impact

text: The COVID-19 pandemic caught 4th Impact in the midst of their preparations to release their new original music. As the Philippines entered a country-wide lockdown, now considered to be one of the strictest quarantine protocols implemented in the world, the group struggled but eventually managed to release their first single since going independent, "K(No)w More", toward the end of March 2020. The group, however, could not promote their work properly given that they could not even leave their home and was only able to connect with their audience via digital and social media platforms. Faced with the prospect of dwindling chances to perform live gigs and appearances, the group moved into the digital space and started steaming live performances and fan interactions in Kumu, a Filipino-based livestreaming platform.


title: 4th Impact

text: 4th Impact managed to thrive in the livestreaming space so much so that they were recognized as Celebrity of the Year in the 2020 Kumu Livestreaming Awards. They also released music video-"esque" song and dance covers on their Youtube channel to maintain fan and audience engagement. In August 2020, the group produced and streamed their online digital concert entitled "Dream5", in celebration of the 5th anniversary of 4th Impact. They also produced and streamed a Christmas special online concert in December 2020.


title: 4th Impact

text: In February 2021, the group opened their own studio where they planned to practice, rehearse, produce and perform their own content. They also envision that their studio would someday be a platform where they can help introduce new Filipino artists.


title: 4th Impact

text: In October 2021, 4th Impact announced that they have signed with ShowBT Philippines and will be coming out with new original music soon.


title: 4th Impact

text: Early in 2022, 4th Impact revealed that they have begun recording their newest single, which they announced to be as a comeback track. In March 2022, the group started to slowly tease details of their comeback, beginning with the announcement of a new group logo and the release of a fashion teaser video. This was followed by an announcement that their new comeback song will be released on March 25, 2022. The group also revealed that they will be participating and performing at the 2022 PPOP Conference and Concert to be held on April 9 - 10, 2022 at the Araneta City.


title: 4th Impact

text: 4th Impact released their comeback single, "Here We Go", on March 25, 2022 as part of a single album which includes the song, "K(No)w More". They also announced that they will be releasing an EP and will be having a solo concert before the end of 2022.


title: 4th Impact

text: On June 12, 2022, 4th Impact launched their YouTube channel weekly show, "4th Impact Live", which aims to promote their group as well as other Filipino artists. Guests to the Season 1 of the show are FilAm rapper EZ Mil, fellow ShowBT stablemate KAIA, soloist Ace Banzeulo, PPop girl group G22, "The Voice Philippines" Season 1 winner Mitoy Yonting, and "The Clash" Season 2 winner Jeremiah Tiangco.


title: 4th Impact

text: Toward the end of June 2022, the group announced that they will be releasing a new single on July 22, 2022. Consequently, the group released their second comeback single, "Tapat Sa'yo", on said date through the major digital music platforms, their YouTube channel and a fan event music showcase.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: Ephedra is a medicinal preparation from the plant "Ephedra sinica". Several additional species belonging to the genus "Ephedra" have traditionally been used for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a possible candidate for the soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine, in which it is referred to as Ma Huang, for more than 2,000 years. Native Americans and Mormon pioneers drank a tea brewed from other "Ephedra" species, called "Mormon tea" and "Indian tea".


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: Dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids have been found to be unsafe, with reports of serious side effects and ephedra-related deaths. In response to accumulating evidence of adverse effects and deaths related to ephedra, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned the sale of supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids in 2004. The ban was challenged in court by ephedra manufacturers, but ultimately upheld in 2006 by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. Ephedra extracts not containing ephedrine have not been banned by the FDA and are still sold legally.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: A wide variety of alkaloid and non-alkaloid compounds have been identified in various species of "ephedra". Of the six ephedrine-type ingredients found in "ephedra" (at concentrations of 0.02-3.4%), the most common are ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, which are the sources of its stimulant and thermogenic effects. These compounds stimulate the brain, increase heart rate, constrict blood vessels (increasing blood pressure), and expand bronchial tubes (making breathing easier). Their thermogenic properties cause an increase in metabolism, as evidenced by an increase in body heat.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: Ephedra is widely used by athletes as a performance-enhancing drug, despite a lack of evidence that it improves athletic performance. Ephedra may also be used as a precursor in the illicit manufacture of methamphetamine.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: Ephedra has been used as a weight-loss aid, sometimes in combination with aspirin and caffeine. Some studies in regulated and supervised environments have shown that ephedra is effective for marginal short-term weight loss (0.9 kg/month more than the placebo), although it was untested whether such weight loss is maintained. However, several reports have documented a number of adverse events attributable to unregulated ephedra supplements.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: Adverse effects of ephedra consumption may include severe skin reactions, irritability, nervousness, dizziness, trembling, headache, insomnia, profuse perspiration, dehydration, itchy scalp and skin, vomiting, and hyperthermia. More serious potential side effects include irregular heartbeat, seizures, heart attack, stroke, and death.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: There are no formal requirements for standardization or quality control of dietary supplements in the United States, and the dosage of effective ingredients in supplements may vary widely from brand to brand or batch to batch. Studies of ephedra supplements have found significant discrepancies between the labeled dose and the actual amount of ephedra in the product. Significant variation in ephedrine alkaloid levels, by as much as 10-fold, was seen even from lot to lot within the same brand.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: Escalating concerns regarding the safety of ephedra supplements led the FDA to ban the sale of supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids (specifically ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine, and methylephedrine) in the United States in 2004. This ban was challenged by supplement manufacturers and initially overturned, but ultimately upheld.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: In 1997, in response to mounting concern over serious side effects of ephedra, the FDA proposed a ban on products containing 8 mg or more of ephedrine alkaloids and stricter labeling of low-dose ephedra supplements. The FDA also proposed that ephedra labels be required to disclose the health risks of ephedra, such as heart attack, stroke, and death.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: In response, the supplement industry created a public relations group, the Ephedra Education Council, to oppose the changes, and commissioned a scientific review by a private consulting firm, which reported that ephedra was safe. The Ephedra Education Council also attempted to block publication of a study confirming wide discrepancies between the labeled potency of supplements and the actual amount of ephedra in the product.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: Metabolife, makers of the best-selling brand of ephedra supplement, had received over 14,000 complaints of adverse events associated with its product. These reports were not initially provided to the FDA. Co-founder of Metabolife, Michael Ellis, was sentenced in 2008 to six months in federal prison for his failure to report adverse effects from his company's products to the FDA. Senators Orrin Hatch (R. Utah) and Tom Harkin (D. Iowa), authors of the Dietary Supplements Health and Education Act, questioned the scientific basis for the FDA's proposed labeling changes and suggested that the number of problems reported were insufficient to warrant regulatory action. At the time, Senator Hatch's son was working for a firm hired to lobby Congress and the FDA on behalf of ephedra manufacturers.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: In addition to the activities of the Ephedra Education Council, Metabolife spent more than $4 million between 1998 and 2000 lobbying against state regulation of ephedra in Texas. "Business Week" reported that efforts to regulate ephedra and other potentially harmful supplements had been "beaten down by deep-pocketed industry lobbying."


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: A review of ephedra-related adverse reactions, published in the "New England Journal of Medicine" in 2000, found a number of cases of sudden cardiac death or severe disability resulting from ephedra use, many of which occurred in young adults using ephedra in the labeled dosages. Subsequently, in response to pressure from the consumer advocacy group Public Citizen, Metabolife was compelled by the Department of Justice in 2002 to turn over reports of over 15,000 ephedra-related adverse events, ranging from insomnia to death, which the company had previously withheld from the FDA. Use of ephedra was considered to have possibly contributed to the death of Minnesota Vikings offensive lineman Korey Stringer from heatstroke in 2001.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: Steve Bechler, a pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles, died of complications from heatstroke following a spring training workout on February 17, 2003. The medical examiner found that ephedra toxicity played a "significant role" in Bechler's sudden death. Following Bechler's death, the FDA re-opened its efforts to regulate ephedra use. According to Bruce Silverglade, legal director for the Center for Science in the Public Interest, "All of a sudden [after Bechler's death] Congress dropped objections to an ephedra ban and started demanding that the FDA act."


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: Senator Orrin Hatch (R. Utah), who in 1999 had helped block the FDA's attempts to regulate ephedra, said in March 2003 that "...it has been obvious to even the most casual observer that problems exist", and called FDA action to regulate ephedra "long overdue."


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: In response to renewed calls for the regulation of ephedra, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services commissioned a large meta-analysis of ephedra's safety and efficacy by the RAND Corporation. This study found that ephedra promoted modest short-term weight loss, but there was insufficient data to determine whether it was effective for long-term weight loss or performance enhancement. The use of ephedrine alkaloids in this study was associated with significant gastrointestinal, psychiatric, and autonomic side effects. Almost simultaneously, a study in "Annals of Internal Medicine" found that ephedrine alkaloids were 100 to 700 times more likely to cause a significant adverse reaction than other commonly used supplements such as kava or "Ginkgo biloba".


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: On December 30, 2003, the FDA issued a press release recommending that consumers stop buying and using products containing ephedrine alkaloids, and indicating its intention to ban the sale of ephedrine alkaloid-containing supplements. Subsequently, on April 12, 2004, the FDA issued a final rule banning the sale of ephedrine alkaloid-containing dietary supplements. Tommy Thompson, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, stated that "...These products pose unacceptable health risks, and any consumers who are still using them should stop immediately." Products containing ephedra extract remain legal to this day.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: Nutraceutical Corporation, a supplement manufacturer based in Park City, Utah, challenged the legality of the FDA's ban of ephedra alkaloids as exceeding the authority given the agency by the Dietary Health Supplements and Education Act. Nutraceutical Corporation stated that while they did not intend to restart marketing ephedra, they were concerned about the scope of the FDA's regulatory action. Judge Tena Campbell of the Utah Federal District Court ruled that the FDA had not proven that low doses of ephedra alkaloids were unsafe, although she also noted that studies to address the safety of low-dose ephedra would be unethical. Nevertheless, her ruling overturned the ban on the sale of ephedra alkaloids in the state of Utah, and called into question whether the ban could be enforced anywhere in the United States.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: The ruling was appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit in Denver, Colorado. On August 17, 2006, the Appeals Court upheld the FDA's ban of ephedra alkaloids, finding that the 133,000 page administrative record compiled by the FDA supported the agency's finding that ephedra alkaloids posed an unreasonable risk to consumers. Nutraceutical Corp. filed a petition for a writ of certiorari seeking a rehearing on the ban of ephedra alkaloids; however, on May 14, 2007 the United States Supreme Court declined to hear this petition. The sale of ephedra alkaloid-containing dietary supplements remains illegal in the United States. Sales of products containing ephedra extract not containing ephedrine remain legal.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: Ephedrine is listed as a banned substance by both the International Olympic Committee and the World Anti-Doping Agency. The National Football League banned players from using ephedra as a dietary supplement in 2001 after the death of Minnesota Vikings offensive tackle Korey Stringer; ephedra was found in Stringer's locker and lawyers for the team contended that it contributed to his death. The substance is also banned by the National Basketball Association. It was also banned by Major League Baseball after the 2003 death of Steve Bechler. Nonetheless, ephedra remains widely used by athletes; a 2006 survey of collegiate hockey players found that nearly half had used ephedra believing it enhanced their athletic performance.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: In the 1994 FIFA World Cup, the Argentine footballer Diego Armando Maradona tested positive for ephedrine. The Japanese motorcycle racer Noriyuki Haga tested positive for ephedrine in 2000, being disqualified from two races and banned from two more as a result. NFL punter Todd Sauerbrun of the Denver Broncos was suspended for the first month of the 2006 season after testing positive for ephedrine.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: Throughout the many hymns, prayers, and philosophy found in the Vedas (written around 1500 BC), a mysterious plant is mentioned often and with great reverence. This plant alternates from a holy substance to an actual personified god and is considered a teacher, doctor, medicine, a bringer of insight and a vector of inspiration. The deity version of Soma was associated with medicinal herbs and the moon and was considered a bringer of health and prosperity. The plant was an essential aspect of Vedic religion to alter one’s mind, enabling communion with the divine. The ritual drinking of Soma was also found in the ancient Zoroastrian text, the Avesta. The rituals and importance of the plant were very similar to those in Vedic culture but were instead called by the name "haoma". It is unknown why, but eventually in both the Vedic and Zoroastrian cultures a substitute substance was used in these religious ceremonies and over time the definitive identity of Soma-Haoma has been lost. There is much debate over which species of plant are the sacred plant of the Vedic and Zoroastrian faiths.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: The Rigveda is one of the four oldest and most sacred collections of stories in Hinduism. In the Rigveda soma is a drink consumed by two of the main gods; Agni and Indra. In the texts the drink helped the gods in battle by strengthening them physically. Because of this, soma was given and consumed by warriors before wartime or a battle. The drink was supposed to give the warriors strength and luck in the upcoming conflict. Immortality is also a quality associated with soma due to it being a drink of the divine. At religious ceremonies the drink was consumed to give consumers longevity in life. At birth the drink was also given to the babies for these same reasons.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: In Zoroastrianism the drink is called haoma and has similar uses. Just like in Hinduism, the drink was related to immortality and long life. Haoma was the first thing newborns drank. This assured the child would be healthy and live a long life. The drink was also administered to people close to death to resurrect them back into good health.


title: Ephedra (medicine)

text: The physical appearance of Ephedra is also a reason it is believed to be the soma plant. According to the Vedic text Rigveda, the plant composing soma is shaped like an arrow. Ephedra sinica is a gymnosperm that forms stalks with buds on the end. It is easy to see how this shape could be described like an arrow. Another text refers to soma as a twig, which is much like Ephedra sinica when it is dried out.


title: 2010 Africa Cup of Nations

text: The 2010 Africa Cup of Nations, also known as the Orange Africa Cup of Nations for sponsorship reasons, was the 27th Africa Cup of Nations, the biennial football championship of Africa (CAF). It was held in Angola, where it began on 10 January 2010 and concluded on 31 January.


title: 2010 Africa Cup of Nations

text: In the tournament, the hosts Angola were to be joined by 15 nations who advanced from the qualification process that began in October 2007 and involved 53 African national teams. The withdrawal of Togo after a terrorist attack on their bus upon arriving for the tournament reduced the number of participating nations to 15. A total of 29 games were played, instead of the scheduled 32 games. Egypt won the tournament, their seventh ACN title and an unprecedented third in a row, beating Ghana 1–0 in the final.


title: 2010 Africa Cup of Nations

text: On 4 September 2006, the Confederation of African Football (CAF) approved a compromise between rival countries to host the Africa Cup of Nations after it ruled out Nigeria. CAF agreed to award the next three editions from 2010 to Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Libya respectively. They assigned Angola in 2010, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon, which submitted a joint bid in 2012, and Libya for 2014.


title: 2010 Africa Cup of Nations

text: This edition was awarded to Angola to encourage the country to move towards peace after the Angolan Civil War.


title: 2010 Africa Cup of Nations

text: Two-time former host Nigeria was the reserve host for the 2010, 2012 and 2014 tournaments, in the event that any of the host countries failed to meet the requirements established by CAF, although this ended up being unnecessary


title: 2010 Africa Cup of Nations

text: The 2014 tournament was pushed forward to 2013 and subsequently held in odd-numbered years to avoid year-clash with the FIFA World Cup.


title: 2010 Africa Cup of Nations

text: The Confederation of African Football announced that the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification would also be the qualification for this tournament. Despite the fact Angola were the host of the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations, they also needed to participate in the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification. South Africa suffered the same situation, being the hosts for the World Cup but still needing to compete in qualification in order to qualify for the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations.


title: 2010 Africa Cup of Nations

text: The draw for the final tournament took place on 20 November 2009 at the Talatona Convention Centre in Luanda, Angola. The 16 teams were split into four pots, with Pot 1 containing the top four seeded nations. Angola were seeded as hosts and Egypt as reigning holders. The remaining 14 teams were ranked based on their records in the three last editions of the competition. Cameroon and Ivory Coast had the two strongest records and so completed the top seeded Pot 1. The four seeded teams were placed into their groups in advance of the final draw.


title: 2010 Africa Cup of Nations

text: If two or more teams end the group stage with the same number of points, their ranking is determined by the following criteria:


title: 2010 Africa Cup of Nations

text: The following players were selected as the best in their respective positions, based on their performances throughout the tournament. Their performances were analysed by the tournament's Technical Study Group (TSG), who picked the team.


title: 2010 Africa Cup of Nations

text: <nowiki>***</nowiki> indicates the team played only two matches in the group stage, due to the withdrawal of Togo from the tournament.


title: 2010 Africa Cup of Nations

text: The Mascot for the Tournament is Palanquinha, which was inspired by the Giant Sable Antelope ("Hippotragus niger variani"), a national symbol and a treasured animal in Angola. In Angola, this animal is found only in the Cangandala National Park in Malange Province.


title: 2010 Africa Cup of Nations

text: The official match ball for the tournament is the Adidas Jabulani Angola, a modified version of the Adidas Jabulani to be used at the 2010 FIFA World Cup, with the colours of the flag of Angola.


title: 2010 Africa Cup of Nations

text: Tournament had seven sponsors, Doritos, MTN Group, NASUBA, Orange, Pepsi, Samsung and only African corporate sponsor Standard Bank.


title: 2010 Africa Cup of Nations

text: On 8 January 2010, the team bus of the Togo national football team was attacked by gunmen in Cabinda, Angola as it travelled to the tournament. A spokesman for the Togolese football federation said assistant coach Améleté Abalo and press officer Stanislaud Ocloo had died as well as the driver. The separatist group Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda-Military Position (FLEC-PM) claimed responsibility for the attack. The Togolese team withdrew from the competition the following day. The players initially decided to compete to commemorate the victims in this way, but were immediately ordered to return by the Togolese government.


title: 2010 Africa Cup of Nations

text: Following their departure from Angola, Togo were formally disqualified from the tournament after failing to fulfil their opening Group B game against Ghana on 11 January.


title: 2010 Africa Cup of Nations

text: On 30 January 2010, CAF banned Togo from participating in the next two Africa Cup of Nations tournaments and fined the team $50,000 due to "government involvement in the withdrawal from the tournament". Togo were unable to compete until the 2015 tournament, but that ban was lifted on 14 May 2010 by a ruling from the Court of Arbitration for Sport.


title: Simply Red discography

text: The discography of Simply Red, a British soul band, consists of twelve studio albums, six compilation albums, one extended play, fifty-three singles and a number of other appearances.


title: Simply Red discography

text: The band's first single "Money's Too Tight (To Mention)", was released in 1985 and reached the United Kingdom Top 20. Their debut album, "Picture Book", was also released in 1985. The following year the band released "Holding Back the Years", which reached number one in Ireland and the US and number two in the UK. Their second album, "Men and Women" was released in 1987. Third album "A New Flame" was released in 1989, containing "If You Don't Know Me by Now", which became their second US number one hit. Their fourth album "Stars", became the best-selling album for two years running in Europe after its release in 1991 and was certified 12× Platinum in the UK.


title: Simply Red discography

text: Simply Red released "Fairground" in 1995, which became the band's first UK number one single. Its parent album was "Life". The band followed this up with cover heavy "Blue" in 1998 and "Love and the Russian Winter" in 1999. Subsequent releases included "Home" in 2003, a mixture of original songs and covers; "Simplified" in 2005, mainly an album of stripped-down versions of their hit songs; and "Stay", which was the band's tenth studio album released in 2007.


title: Simply Red discography

text: Mick Hucknall announced his intention to split the band in 2010; following which the band embarked on a farewell tour which commenced during 2009 and 2010.


title: Weaver ant

text: Weaver ants or green ants (genus Oecophylla) are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae (order Hymenoptera). Weaver ants live in trees (they are obligately arboreal) and are known for their unique nest building behaviour where workers construct nests by weaving together leaves using larval silk. Colonies can be extremely large consisting of more than a hundred nests spanning numerous trees and containing more than half a million workers. Like many other ant species, weaver ants prey on small insects and supplement their diet with carbohydrate-rich honeydew excreted by small insects (Hemiptera). Weaver ant workers exhibit a clear bimodal size distribution, with almost no overlap between the size of the minor and major workers. The major workers are approximately in length and the minors approximately half the length of the majors. Major workers forage, defend, maintain, and expand the colony whereas minor workers tend to stay within the nests where they care for the brood and 'milk' scale insects in or close to the nests.


title: Weaver ant

text: Weaver ants vary in color from reddish to yellowish brown dependent on the species. "Oecophylla smaragdina" found in Australia often have bright green gasters. Weaver ants are highly territorial and workers aggressively defend their territories against intruders. Because they prey on insects harmful to their host trees, weaver ants are sometime used by indigenous farmers, particularly in southeast Asia, as natural biocontrol agents against agricultural pests. Although weaver ants lack a functional sting they can inflict painful bites and often spray formic acid directly at the bite wound resulting in intense discomfort.


title: Weaver ant

text: The weaver ants belong to the ant genus "Oecophylla" (subfamily Formicinae) which contains two closely related living species: "O. longinoda" and "O. smaragdina". They are provisionally placed in a tribe of their own, Oecophyllini. The weaver ant genus "Oecophylla" is relatively old, and 15 fossil species have been found from the Eocene to Miocene deposits. Three other genera of weaving ants, "Polyrhachis", "Camponotus" and "Dendromyrmex", also use larval silk in nest construction, but the construction and architecture of their nests are simpler than those of "Oecophylla".


title: Weaver ant

text: The common features of the genus include an elongated first funicular segment, presence of propodeal lobes, helcium at midheight of abdominal segment 3 and gaster capable of reflexion over the mesosoma. Males have vestigial pretarsal claws.


title: Weaver ant

text: "O. longinoda" is distributed in the Afrotropics and "O. smaragdina" from India and Sri Lanka in southern Asia, through southeastern Asia to northern Australia and Melanesia. In Australia, "Oecophylla smaragdina" is found in the tropical coastal areas as far south as Broome in Western Australia and across the coastal tropics of the Northern Territory down to Yeppoon in Queensland.


title: Weaver ant

text: Weaver ant colonies are founded by one or more mated females (queens). A queen lays her first clutch of eggs on a leaf and protects and feeds the larvae until they develop into mature workers. The workers then construct leaf nests and help rear new brood laid by the queen. As the number of workers increases, more nests are constructed and colony productivity and growth increase significantly. Workers perform tasks that are essential to colony survival, including foraging, nest construction, and colony defense. The exchange of information and modulation of worker behaviour that occur during worker-worker interactions are facilitated by the use of chemical and tactile communication signals. These signals are used primarily in the contexts of foraging and colony defense. Successful foragers lay down pheromone trails that help recruit other workers to new food sources. Pheromone trails are also used by patrollers to recruit workers against territorial intruders. Along with chemical signals, workers also use tactile communication signals such as attenation and body shaking to stimulate activity in signal recipients. Multimodal communication in "Oecophylla" weaver ants importantly contributes to colony self-organization. Like many other ant species, "Oecophylla" workers exhibit social carrying behavior as part of the recruitment process, in which one worker will carry another worker in its mandibles and transport it to a location requiring attention.


title: Weaver ant

text: "Oecophylla" weaver ants are known for their cooperative behaviour used in nest construction. Possibly the first description of weaver ant's nest building behaviour was made by the English naturalist Joseph Banks, who took part in Captain James Cook's voyage to Australia in 1768. An excerpt from Joseph Banks' "Journal" (cited in Hölldobler and Wilson 1990) is included below:


title: Weaver ant

text: The ants...one green as a leaf, and living upon trees, where it built a nest, in size between that of a man's head and his fist, by bending the leaves together, and gluing them with whitish paperish substances which held them firmly together. In doing this their management was most curious: they bend down four leaves broader than a man's hand, and place them in such a direction as they choose. This requires a much larger force than these animals seem capable of; many thousands indeed are employed in the joint work. I have seen as many as could stand by one another, holding down such a leaf, each drawing down with all his might, while others within were employed to fasten the glue. How they had bent it down I had not the opportunity of seeing, but it was held down by main strength, I easily proved by disturbing a part of them, on which the leaf bursting from the rest, returned to its natural situation, and I had an opportunity of trying with my finger the strength of these little animals must have used to get it down.


title: Weaver ant

text: The weaver ant's ability to build capacious nests from living leaves has undeniably contributed to their ecological success. The first phase in nest construction involves workers surveying potential nesting leaves by pulling on the edges with their mandibles. When a few ants have successfully bent a leaf onto itself or drawn its edge toward another, other workers nearby join the effort. The probability of a worker joining the concerted effort is dependent on the size of the group, with workers showing a higher probability of joining when group size is large. When the span between two leaves is beyond the reach of a single ant, workers form chains with their bodies by grasping one another's petiole (waist).


title: Weaver ant

text: Multiple intricate chains working in unison are often used to ratchet together large leaves during nest construction. Once the edges of the leaves are drawn together, other workers retrieve larvae from existing nests using their mandibles. Upon reaching a seam to be joined, these workers tap the head of the clutched larvae, which causes them to excrete silk. They can only produce so much silk, so the larva will have to pupate without a cocoon. The workers then maneuver between the leaves in a highly coordinated fashion to bind them together. Weaver ant's nests are usually elliptical in shape and range in size from a single small leaf folded and bound onto itself to large nests consisting of many leaves and measure over half a meter in length. The time required to construct a nest varies depending on leaf type and eventual size, but often a large nest can be built in significantly less than 24 hours. Although weaver ant's nests are strong and impermeable to water, new nests are continually being built by workers in large colonies to replace old dying nests and those damaged by storms.


title: Weaver ant

text: Large colonies of "Oecophylla" weaver ants consume significant amounts of food, and workers continuously kill a variety of arthropods (primarily other insects) close to their nests. Insects are not only consumed by workers, but this protein source is necessary for brood development. Because weaver ant workers hunt and kill insects that are potentially harmful plant pests, trees harboring weaver ants benefit from having decreased levels of herbivory. They have traditionally been used in biological control in Chinese and Southeast Asian citrus orchards from at least 400 AD. Many studies have shown the efficacy of using weaver ants as natural biocontrol agents against agricultural pests. The use of weaver ants as biocontrol agents has especially been effective for fruit agriculture, particularly in Australia and southeast Asia. Fruit trees harboring weaver ants produce higher quality fruits, show less leaf damage by herbivores, and require fewer applications of synthetic pesticides. They do on the other hand protect the scale insects which they 'milk' for honeydew. In several cases the use of weaver ants has nonetheless been shown to be more efficient than applying chemical insecticides and at the same time cheaper, leaving farmers with increased net incomes and more sustainable pest control.


title: Weaver ant

text: Weaver ant husbandry is often practiced in Southeast Asia, where farmers provide shelter, food and construct ropes between trees populated with weaver ants in order to protect their colonies from potential competitors.


title: Weaver ant

text: "Oecophylla" colonies may not be entirely beneficial to the host plants. Studies indicate that the presence of "Oecophylla" colonies may also have negative effects on the performance of host plants by reducing fruit removal by mammals and birds and therefore reducing seed dispersal and by lowering the flower-visiting rate of flying insects including pollinators. Weaver ants also have an adverse effect on tree productivity by protecting sap feeding insects such as scale insects and leafhoppers from which they collect honeydew. By protecting these insects from predators they increase their population and increase the damage they cause to trees.


title: Weaver ant

text: Weaver ants are one of the most valued types of edible insects consumed by humans (human entomophagy). In addition to being used as a biological control agent to increase plant production, weaver ants can be utilized directly as a protein and food source since the ants (especially the ant larvae) are edible for humans and high in protein and fatty acids. In some countries the weaver ant is a highly prized delicacy harvested in vast amounts and in this way contribute to local socio-economics. In Northeastern Thailand the price of weaver ant larvae is twice the price of good-quality beef and in a single Thai province ant larvae worth US$620,000 are harvested every year. It has furthermore been shown that the harvest of weaver ants can be maintained while at the same time using the ants for biocontrol of pest insects in tropical plantations, since the queen larvae and pupae that are the primary target of harvest, are not vital for colony survival.


title: Weaver ant

text: The larvae of weaver ants are also collected commercially as an expensive feed for insect-eating birds in Indonesia.


title: Herostratus

text: Herostratus () was a 4th-century BC Greek, accused of seeking notoriety as an arsonist by destroying the second Temple of Artemis in Ephesus (on the outskirts of present-day Selçuk). The conclusion prompted the creation of a "damnatio memoriae" law forbidding anyone to mention his name, orally or in writing. The law was ultimately ineffective, as evidenced by surviving accounts of his crime. Thus, Herostratus has become an eponym for someone who commits a criminal act in order to become famous.


title: Herostratus

text: Archeological evidence indicates the site of the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus had been of sacred use since the Bronze Age, and the original building was destroyed during a flood in the 7th century BC. A second temple was commissioned by King Croesus of Lydia around 560 BC and built by Cretan architects including Chersiphron, constructed largely of marble, and measuring 337 feet long and 180 feet wide with its pillars standing 40 feet tall. The sculpted bases of the pillars contained life-sized carvings and the roof opened to the sky around a statue of Artemis. The second temple was included on an early list of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World by Herodotus in the 5th century BC, and was well known in ancient times.


title: Herostratus

text: Little is known about the life of Herostratus, though it is thought he may have been someone of low social standing, a non-Ephesian or a slave. According to tradition, the fire that destroyed the second temple was set on the day Alexander the Great was born, 21 July 356 BC. Herostratus was then captured and tortured on the rack, where he confessed to having committed the arson in an attempt to immortalize his name. To dissuade those of similar intentions, the Ephesian authorities not only executed Herostratus, but attempted to condemn him to a legacy of obscurity by forbidding mention of his name under penalty of death. However, the ancient historian Theopompus, who was not Ephesian but rather Chian, mentions the name of Herostratus in his "Philippica", and it appears again later in the works of Strabo. It is said that in fact his name has outlived the names of his judges, and in his 1658 work "Hydriotaphia" Sir Thomas Browne states: But the iniquity of oblivion blindly scattereth her poppy, and deals with the memory of men without distinction to merit of perpetuity. [...] "Herostratus" lives that burnt the Temple of "Diana", he is almost lost that built it [...] Who knows whether the best of men be known? or whether there be not more remarkable persons forgot, than any that stand remembred in the known account of time?


title: Herostratus

text: Work on a third temple at the site began in 323 BC, resulting in a larger and more ornate temple that would be included by Antipater of Sidon as one of Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.


title: Herostratus

text: Herostratus' name lived on in classical literature and has passed into modern languages as a term for someone who commits a criminal act in order to achieve notoriety, thus winning herostratic fame. According to Julia H. Fawcett, Herostratus "exemplifies a figure asserting his right to self-definition, one who strikes out against a history to which he is unknown by performing himself back into that history—through whatever means necessary." The term "Herostratic fame" refers to Herostratus and means "fame [sought] at any cost".


title: Houdini (software)

text: Houdini is a 3D animation software application developed by Toronto-based SideFX, who adapted it from the PRISMS suite of procedural generation software tools. The procedural tools are used to produce different effects such as complex reflections, animations and particles system. Some of its procedural features have been in existence since 1987.


title: Houdini (software)

text: Houdini is most commonly used for the creation of visual effects in film and television. It is used by major VFX companies such as Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar, DreamWorks Animation, Double Negative, ILM, MPC, Framestore, Sony Pictures Imageworks, Scanline VFX, Method Studios and The Mill.


title: Houdini (software)

text: It has been used in many feature animation productions, including Disney's feature films "Fantasia 2000", "Frozen", "Zootopia" and "Raya and the Last Dragon"; the Blue Sky Studios film "Rio", and DNA Productions' "Ant Bully".


title: Houdini (software)

text: SideFX also publishes Houdini Apprentice, a limited version of the software that is free of charge for non-commercial use.


title: Houdini (software)

text: Houdini is an open environment and supports a variety of scripting APIs. Python is increasingly the scripting language of choice for the package, and is intended to substitute its original C Shell-like scripting language, HScript. However, any major scripting languages which support socket communication can interface with Houdini.


title: Houdini (software)

text: Houdini's procedural nature is found in its operators. Digital assets are generally constructed by connecting sequences of operators (or OPs). This proceduralism has several advantages: it allows users to construct highly detailed geometric or organic objects in comparatively very few steps; it enables and encourages non-linear development; and new operators can be created in terms of existing operators, a flexible alternative to non-procedural scripting often relied on in other packages for customisation. Houdini uses this procedural generation in production of textures, shaders, particles, "channel data" (data used to drive animation), rendering and compositing.


title: Houdini (software)

text: Operators are connected together in networks. Data flows through, manipulated by each operator in turn. This data could represent 3D geometry, bitmap images, particles, dynamics, shader algorithms, animation, audio, or a combination of these. This node graph architecture is similar to that employed in node-based compositors such as Shake or Nuke.


title: Houdini (software)

text: Complex networks can be grouped into a single meta-operator node which behaves like a class definition, and can be instantiated in other networks like any compiled node. In this way users can create their own sophisticated tools without the need for programming. In this way Houdini can be regarded as a highly interactive visual programming toolkit which makes programming more accessible to artists.


title: Houdini (software)

text: Houdini's set of tools are mostly implemented as operators. This has led to a higher learning curve than other comparable tools. It is one thing to know what all the nodes do – but the key to success with Houdini is understanding how to represent a desired creative outcome as a network of nodes. Successful users are generally familiar with a large repertoire of networks (algorithms) which achieve standard creative outcomes. The overhead involved in acquiring this repertoire of algorithms is offset by the artistic and algorithmic flexibility afforded by access to lower level building blocks with which to configure shot element creation routines. In large productions, the development of a procedural network to solve a specific element creation challenge makes automation trivial. Many studios that use Houdini on large feature effects, and feature animation projects develop libraries of procedures that can be used to automate generation of many of the elements for that film with almost no artist interaction.


title: Houdini (software)

text: Also unique to Houdini is the range of I/O OPs available to animators, including MIDI devices, raw files or TCP connections, audio devices (including built-in phoneme and pitch detection), mouse cursor position, and so on. Of particular note is Houdini's ability to work with audio, including sound and music synthesis and spatial 3D sound processing tools. These operators exist in the context called "CHOPs" for which Side Effects won a Technical Achievement Academy Award in 2002.


title: Houdini (software)

text: VEX (Vector Expression) is one of Houdini's internal languages. It is similar to the Renderman Shading Language. Using VEX a user can develop custom SOPs, POPs, shaders, etc. The current implementation of VEX utilizes SIMD-style processing.


title: Houdini (software)

text: Houdini is bundled with a production-class renderer, Mantra, which had many similarities to RenderMan in its scope and application in its initial incarnation. Micropolygon rendering is supported, allowing high-quality displacement operations as well as traditional scan-line and raytracing modes. Shaders are scriptable and composed in their VEX language, or by using VOPs; their node-based interface to programming VEX. Mantra (as does Houdini itself) also supports point-clouds, which can be similar in application as brickmaps in Renderman. This allows more complicated light interactions, such as sub-surface scattering and ambient occlusion, to be produced with lower computational overhead. Mantra can perform extremely fast volume rendering, and also physically based path-tracing – a technique which attempts to more accurately model the physical interactions of light and materials.


title: Houdini (software)

text: "Derivative Inc." is a spin-off of Side Effects Software that markets a derivative of Houdini called TouchDesigner. Tailored toward real-time OpenGL-generated animation, it was used on rock group Rush's 30th-anniversary tour to produce dynamic graphics driven directly by the musicians. TouchDesigner was also used by Xite Labs (formerly V Squared Labs) to create live visuals for Amon Tobin's ISAM installation tour.


title: Houdini (software)

text: The notable works in which Houdini was used include the 1997 "Contact" movie and more recent 2016 "Zootopia."


title: One Moment in Time

text: "One Moment in Time" is a sentimental ballad by American singer Whitney Houston and written by Albert Hammond and John Bettis, produced by Narada Michael Walden for the 1988 Summer Olympics held in Seoul, South Korea. It was released by Arista Records on August 27, 1988, as the first single from the compilation album, "", the soundtrack to the games. The song was Houston's third number one in the UK Singles Chart, and reached number five on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. The song was later included on the second disc of her first greatest hits "" and also on "The Ultimate Collection" and on the second disc of "".


title: One Moment in Time

text: The song's melody was inspired by the timeless figure of Elvis Presley, with Hammond imagining it as being sung by Presley at the opening of the Olympics. It appeared on the album "", produced in conjunction with NBC Sports' coverage of the Seou Olympic Gamesl and which, in addition to Whitney Houston who sang it live at the main ceremony, also featured artists such as: The Four Tops, The Bee Gees, Eric Carmen, Taylor Dayne and the film composer John Williams. The track is an anthem for believing in yourself against all odds as Houston asks for "One moment in time/when I'm racing with destiny/Then, in that one moment of time, I will feel eternity."


title: One Moment in Time

text: "One Moment in Time" was released by Arista Records on August 27, 1988, as the first single from "1988 Summer Olympics Album: One Moment in Time", the soundtrack to the Games in Seoul, South Korea. The song debuted at number 57 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, the issue dated September 10, 1988. Nine weeks later, it peaked at number five on the chart, the issue date of November 12, 1988, becoming Houston's tenth top 10 hit on the Hot 100, and spent 17 weeks on the chart. It also debuted on the "Billboard" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (formerly "Hot Black Singles") at number 78, the issue dated September 17, 1988, and six weeks later reached a peak of 22, her lowest position on the R&B chart at the time. On the issue date of November 5, 1988, the single peaked at number one on the "Billboard" Hot Adult Contemporary chart, making it her seventh number-one single on the chart, and stayed on the top for two weeks. It ranked number 89 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 Year-End chart of 1988.


title: One Moment in Time

text: Worldwide, it was a big hit. In the United Kingdom, the song entered the UK Singles Chart at number 24, the week ending date of September 24, 1988, and within four weeks of its release reached the top position, a peak it maintained for two weeks, becoming Houston's third UK number-one single. The single was certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for shipments of 200,000 copies on October 1, 1988. According to The Official Charts Company, the single has sold 400,000 copies in the country. In West Germany, it debuted at number 58 on the Media Control Top 100 Singles chart, the week dated September 26, 1988, and the following week went straight into the top ten. On October 24, 1988, the fifth week of its release, the song reached number one on the chart and stayed there for two weeks, making it her second West German number-one hit. The single was certified Gold for shipments of 250,000 copies or more by the Bundesverband Musikindustrie (BVMI) in 1988. Across Europe, "One Moment in Time" was successful, topping the European Hot 100 Singles chart for five weeks. It peaked inside the top five in Austria, Belgium, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland, and reached top ten in France and the Netherlands. But the single became a minor hit in Oceania region, peaking at number 53 and 34 on the singles chart, in Australia and New Zealand, respectively. The song re-entered the UK Singles Chart for week ending February 18, 2012, following Houston's death.


title: One Moment in Time

text: Pan-European magazine "Music & Media" described "One Moment in Time" as "a grand ballad in a pompous production by Narada Michael Walden." Following Houston's death, "Entertainment Weekly" published a list of her 25 best songs and ranked it #14 because: "The Seoul Olympics needed an anthem, and Houston rose to meet the challenge with this majestic carpe diem chest-thumper. The song, a staple of sports montages, yielded one of Houston's all-time best performances at the 1989 Grammys ceremony."


title: One Moment in Time

text: The video for the song does not show Houston performing the song but is a basic collage of clips from previous Olympic ceremonies. It opens with footage of Olympic games from 1924 and 1964 until the lighting of the cauldron from the 1988 games is shown which fades from black and white to color. As the song plays throughout, footage from the games in 1988 and 1984 are shown. When the chorus is sung for the last time, midway through it, scenes of the awarding from 1984 and 1988 are shown. The song video ends with the 1988 Olympic Cauldron blazing.


title: One Moment in Time

text: "One Moment in Time" was performed live by then-11-year-old Teodora Sava in the auditions of the first edition of the Romanian children's talent show "Next Star" in 2013. Her performance gathered praise and positive reactions from all of the judges (who were seeing her for the first time) and online, and had 2.65 million combined YouTube views, making her well known to a wider audience in Romania and abroad. Soon after, she recorded the song in a studio.


title: One Moment in Time

text: British instrumental rock group the Shadows did a version on their 1989 album, "Steppin' to the Shadows: 16 Great Tracks As Only the Shadows Can Play Them".


title: One Moment in Time

text: Appropriately for the song's origins as an Olympic anthem, British Olympic gold medal-winning heptathlete Denise Lewis selected the song as one of her eight recordings on the BBC's "Desert Island Discs" in February 2012. That same month, the song featured at the beginning of the 2012 Brit Awards at London's O2 Arena in tribute to Houston who had died earlier in the month by playing the song accompanied with a 30-second-video montage of her music videos.


title: IBM Q System One

text: IBM Quantum System One is the first circuit-based commercial quantum computer, introduced by IBM in January 2019.


title: IBM Q System One

text: This integrated quantum computing system is housed in a 2.7x2.7x2.7 m airtight glass cube that maintains a controlled physical environment. The cylinder protruding from the ceiling in the center is a dilution refrigerator, containing a 20-qubit transmon quantum processor. It was tested for the first time in the summer of 2018, for two weeks, in Milan, Italy.


title: IBM Q System One

text: IBM Quantum System One was developed by IBM Research, with assistance from the Map Project Office and Universal Design Studio. CERN, ExxonMobil, Fermilab, Argonne National Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory are among the clients signed up to access the system remotely.


title: IBM Q System One

text: From April 6 to May 31, 2019, the Boston Museum of Science hosted an exhibit featuring a replica of the IBM Quantum System One.


title: IBM Q System One

text: On June 15, 2021, IBM deployed the first unit of Quantum System One in Germany at its headquarters in Ehningen.


title: Warsaw Metro

text: The Warsaw Metro () is a rapid transit underground system serving the Polish capital Warsaw. It currently consists of two lines, the north–south Line M1 that links central Warsaw with its densely populated northern and southern districts, and the east–west Line M2, of which the wersternmost segment is in construction. A third line (M3) is still being planned. The system is operated by Metro Warszawskie sp. z o.o., a company owned by the city, and managed by Zarząd Transportu Miejskiego w Warszawie (ZTM Warszawa).


title: Warsaw Metro

text: The first section was opened in 1995 and gradually extended until it reached its full length in October 2008. There are additional plans to construct two more stations on this north–south line omitted during initial construction due to costs. The contract for the construction of the initial central section of the second line, running east–west, was signed on 28 October 2009 and construction began on 16 August 2010. The initial segment of Line M2 was opened on 8 March 2015. This section was long (including a tunnel under the Vistula river) with seven stations, one of which (Świętokrzyska) includes a transfer between the two lines. The line is currently being expanded.


title: Warsaw Metro

text: In 2009, the Warsaw Metro won two "Metro Award" prizes in the categories of "Special Merit Award for Commitment to the Environment" and "Best Maintenance Programme". These were followed by the Most Improved Metro award in 2011. The system consistently receives very high ratings among its passengers; a survey conducted in September 2014 indicated that 98% of the respondents rated it good or very good.


title: Warsaw Metro

text: Plans to build an underground rail system in Warsaw date as far back as 1918, when the idea was first proposed after Warsaw regained its status as Poland's capital city. An underground railway system was expected to solve the transport difficulties of the densely built city centre. Proper preliminary planning and boring work were initiated by the Warsaw Tramway Authority in 1925, with construction expected to start in the late 1920s. The Great Depression buried those plans as Poland and the world was gripped by economic hardship.


title: Warsaw Metro

text: In 1934, with the election of a new mayor of Warsaw, Stefan Starzyński, work was to resume on the metro. The mayor dusted off the plans from the mid-1920s, and with some minor adjustments, construction of the metro was planned to start by the late 1930s, with a projected finishing date of the first of two projected lines scheduled for the mid-1940s. By then, the subway network was to consist of two lines. Line 1 (north–south line, long) was to follow a route similar to the present-day line and was to link the southernmost borough of Mokotów with the city centre and the northern borough of Żoliborz. This line was to be connected with the newly constructed Warszawa Główna railway station and the railway tunnel crossing the city from west to the east. Line 2 (east-west, long) was to start beneath the westernmost borough of Wola, proceed along the Chłodna street to the pivotal station beneath the Saxon Square and then further eastwards to the Vistula river escarpment. There, the line was to go overground, cross the river through a newly built bridge and proceed to the easternmost railway station of Warszawa Wschodnia. Altogether, in 35 years, 7 lines were to be built. The works finally started in 1938, but World War II brought an end to the ambitious undertaking. The short trace tunnels made in 1938 serve as a wine cellar today.


title: Warsaw Metro

text: The city suffered heavily during World War II. Although the majority of pre-war projects perished during the war, most of the engineers behind their creation survived and returned to their city to take part in its rebirth. However, the new Communist authorities of Poland envisioned a city completely different from what it had been before the war. As the "ideal" communist city, Warsaw was to be decentralized and the need to commute to the city centre reduced. Thus, the Office for the Reconstruction of Warsaw (BOS) commissioned a number of engineers to prepare a project of a fast urban railway (SKM) crossing the city in a deep cutting. Although to a large extent it was to follow the line 1 of the pre-war plans, only the central stations were to be located underground. However, by the end of the decade, the project was cancelled. Instead, in 1948 communist planners developed a different concept with the new SKM morphing into a rapid transit line at a depth of up to . The suggested north–south direction, with three parallel branches of the same line in the city centre, corresponded to the planned development of the city along the Vistula. The works, however, never started and this project was also abandoned.


title: Warsaw Metro

text: In the 1950s, as the Cold War raged on, Soviet strategic plans required that a secure transport link across the river Vistula be built. One of the ways to achieve this was to create a deep metro system in Warsaw (up to beneath the ground), which would be interlinked with the rail network and could serve as an underground conduit for transporting troops. Plans assumed that the first line (about long) would lie along a north–south axis, with a branch of the same line crossing the Vistula river in the city centre. The construction works started almost simultaneously at 17 different points on both sides of the river. By 1953 only of tunnels had been built; after the death of Joseph Stalin and the start of a period of détente, all work was halted under the pretext of technical difficulties. In the following years, only one junction tunnel and one shield-driven tunnel were continued. These works were undertaken experimentally, in order to discover the best driving methods suitable for the ground conditions beneath Warsaw (pliocene clay formations layer spread beneath quaternary soils). Finally, in 1957, all work was halted.


title: Warsaw Metro

text: Since 1955, planners returned to the old idea of a shallow metro network. However, the planning phase proceeded at a very slow pace and the economic situation prevented all successive governments from actually starting serious work. Finally, in 1983, the program was approved by the government and the first tunnels built. Lack of funds, technical difficulties, shortage of materials and outdated tunnelling methods meant that the work progressed very slowly, sometimes at a speed no greater than per day.