title: Q Who

text: Several reviewers re-watched the episode following the end of the series. Keith DeCandido reviewed "Q Who" for Tor.com in 2011, describing it as "one of the best hours of "TNG"". He called de Lancie's performance a "triumphant return", said that Goldberg brought "mystery and depth" to her role and that Stewart "just kills" as Picard. He said that the introduction of the Borg was "phenomenal", and gave the episode a score of ten out of ten. Zack Handlen, writing for "The A.V. Club" said that the plot was "brilliant" because Q was proved right. He thought that had the crew been able to come to some sort of solution then it would have been a "strong" episode, but because Picard is forced to plead with Q, it made it the first "great episode" of the series because "it admits that these humans... can be arrogant, and weak, and that they can be bested". He gave the episode an "A" grade.


title: Q Who

text: "SFX" described the episode as "thrilling" in their review of the season two Blu-ray release, while IGN referred to it as a "classic". In a list of the great episodes of "The Next Generation" created by Juliette Harrison in 2012 for Den of Geek, "Q Who" was listed fifth – the earliest episode of the series to be featured in the list.


title: Q Who

text: Benjamin Ahr Harrison of The Greatest Generation podcast described the set design of the interior of the Borg cube as: "If H. R. Giger had gone to work for, like, Black & Decker and designed a microwave, this is sort of what it would have looked like."


title: Q Who

text: "Q Who" was rated the 16th best episode of all "Star Trek" television up to 2016, in a ranking by "The Hollywood Reporter". In 2015, they ranked the presentation of the fictional Borg cube spacecraft as one of the top ten "most stunning" moments of this television series.


title: Q Who

text: The Borg cube, which made its debut in this episode was rated as the 2nd best spacecraft of "Star Trek" by Space.com in 2017.


title: Q Who

text: In 2020, CBR ranked this episode the 2nd best featuring Q, suggesting it was one of the most influential episodes of the franchise. That same year they also ranked "Q Who" the 8th best episode of "Star Trek: The Next Generation".


title: Q Who

text: In 2021, "Nerdist" said this was one of the top ten "Star Trek" episodes with first alien contact, pointing the introduction of the deadly Borg cybernetic aliens by a playfully malicious Q.


title: Q Who

text: In 2021 "ScreenRant" said it was the second best Borg episode based on an IMDB rating of 9.0 out of 10 at that time, behind "Best of Both Worlds" which had rating of 9.4 out of 10.


title: Q Who

text: In 2021, "Rolling Stone" magazine said that "Q Who" was an "incredible" episode from season 2 of the series, noting how Q introduces the Borg.


title: Q Who

text: In 2021, "Tom's Guide" said this was a "chilling introduction" to the Borg, and the second best episode for the character Q.


title: Q Who

text: The "Nerdist" suggested this episode as the starting point for a story arc of this TV show. They propose a story arc with the Enterprise 1701-D confronting the Borg, that would include Q Who, , I, Borg, and .


title: Q Who

text: In 2020, IGN recommended watching "Q Who" as background for another "Star Trek" universe show, "Star Trek: Picard".


title: Q Who

text: The first home media release of "Q Who" was on VHS cassette, appearing on October 12, 1994, in the United States and Canada. The episode has been included in three DVD box sets. The first was the Season Two set, released on May 7, 2002, and subsequently as part of the "Star Trek: Fan Collective – Borg" on March 7, 2006 and "Star Trek: Fan Collective – Q" on June 6, 2006. The most recent release was as part of the Season Two Blu-ray set on December 4, 2012. That release included an audio commentary for the episode featuring Rob Bowman, Dan Curry and Michael and Denise Okuda. "Q Who" received a cinematic release alongside an extended version of "" for one night on November 29, 2012, to promote the Blu-ray release. This was the second time that a pair of "The Next Generation" episodes received a cinematic release to promote the release of a Blu-ray season box set.


title: Q Who

text: This episode was released in the "Q Continuum" collection of LaserDisc. The collection was released on July 30, 1997 and was published by Paramount Home Video; it retailed for 100 USD. The set included the 2-part "Encounter at Farpoint", "Hide & Q", "Q Who?", and "Deja Q" on 12 inch optical discs in NTSC format with a total runtime of 230 minutes. The collection came in a Tri-Fold jacket that also included a letter from actor Jon De Lancie.


title: Újpest FC

text: Újpest Football Club () is a Hungarian professional football club, based in Újpest, Budapest, that competes in Nemzeti Bajnokság I.


title: Újpest FC

text: Formed in 1885, Újpest reached the first division of the Hungarian League in 1905 and has been relegated only once since then. The club has been a member of the first division for 108 consecutive years. Újpest have been Hungarian champions twenty times, and have won the Magyar Kupa eleven times and the Szuperkupa three times. In international competitions Újpest are two-times winners of the Mitropa Cup and winners of the 1930 Coupe des Nations. They also reached the semi-finals of the European Cup 1973–74 and the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1961–62, and were runners-up in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1968–69.


title: Újpest FC

text: Since 1922 their home ground has been the Szusza Ferenc Stadion in Újpest. Their biggest rivalry is with fellow Budapest-based club Ferencvárosi TC, with whom they contest a local derby.


title: Újpest FC

text: Újpest FC is part of the Újpesti TE family. The club includes other sports sections that represent the club at ice hockey and waterpolo.


title: Újpest FC

text: Újpest FC was founded in 1885. At that time Újpest did not belong to Budapest. Újpest played their first Nemzeti Bajnokság I match in the 1905 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season. In the 1910–11 season they were relegated. Újpest won their first Hungarian league title in the 1929–30 season.


title: Újpest FC

text: At international level Újpest's most successful period was in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In the 1968–69 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup they were eliminated in the final by Newcastle United. In the 1973–74 European Cup they reached the semi-finals and were eliminated by Bayern München.


title: Újpest FC

text: Current sponsorships: Joma, Coca-Cola, Microsoft, Acquaworld Budapest, Ramada Resort Budapest, Puebla ticket, Karzol Trans, Szókép Nyomdaipari Kft., Lamborghini


title: Újpest FC

text: Újpest's home stadium is Szusza Ferenc Stadion, which has been their home since the opening on 17 September 1922. It was known as Megyeri úti stadium until it was named after the club's legendary player, Ferenc Szusza in October 2003. After the renovations which took place in 2000 and 2001 the ground can hold 13,501 spectators.


title: Újpest FC

text: On 3 December 2008, it was revealed by BBC Sport that the Premier League club Wolverhampton Wanderers were considering an alliance with Újpest. Jez Moxey, the Chief executive officer of the club said that "We have had some initial discussions in Budapest with the officials of Ujpest. We touched on the issues of loaning players, academies and sharing of best practice on and off the field."


title: Újpest FC

text: Újpest approached Roland Duchâtelet to become the owner of the club. Although Roland refused the club's offer, he suggested his son to be the proprietor of Újpest. Roland Duchâtelet is the owner of the FC Carl Zeiss Jena and former owner of the Standard Liège, AD Alcorcón and Charlton Athletic F.C.


title: Újpest FC

text: On 19 October 2011, Roderick Duchâtelet, former director of Germinal Beerschot, bought 95% of the shares of the City Budapest Zrt.


title: Újpest FC

text: On 27 October 2011, Csaba Bartha, managing director of Újpest FC, confirmed that the club received 150 million Hungarian forint from Roderick Duchâtelet.


title: Újpest FC

text: In January 2022, Duchatelet was about to sell Újpest and found possible buyers. An agreement was also signed in January 2022 in which it was stated that the buyers should pay the remaining sum by the end of June. However, due the financial unpredictability caused by the Russo-Ukrainian War, the buyers could not transfer the remaining sum. Therefore, Újpest is still owned by the Belgian entrepreneur.


title: Újpest FC

text: Supporters of Újpest are mainly from the fourth district of Budapest, the eponymous Újpest. Due to the success in the 1970s, the club gained supporters from all over Budapest and the country.


title: Újpest FC

text: Újpest are in rivalry with several teams from Budapest including Ferencváros, MTK Budapest, Budapest Honvéd and several provincial clubs such as Debrecen and Diósgyőr. Since Újpest have been the third most successful club of the Hungarian Football history by winning 20 Hungarian League titles and 9 Hungarian Cup titles and the most successful Hungarian club in the European football competitions in the 1970s every club in the Hungarian League wants to defeat them.


title: Újpest FC

text: The rivalry with Ferencváros dates back to 1930s when Újpest won their first Hungarian League title. Since then the fixture between the two teams attracts the most spectators in the domestic league. The matches between the two team often ends in violence which causes big trouble for the Hungarian football. The proposal of personal registration was refused by both clubs.


title: Dhruv Sehgal

text: Dhruv Sehgal (born 19 March 1990) is an Indian actor, writer and director. He is best known for his work in Dice Media's "Little Things", where he portrayed Dhruv Vats alongside Mithila Palkar.


title: Dhruv Sehgal

text: Sehgal is from Delhi. After completing his school in London, he studied at Symbiosis Institute of Media and Communication, Pune. Sehgal worked as an associate director and co-editor for the documentaries "Baavra Mann" (2013) and "I Am Offended!" (2015). His short film "Kunal" won the Golden Gateway Dimensions Mumbai Award at the Mumbai Film Festival, 2016 and was selected for the Mumbai International Film Festival. He has written, acted and directed comedy sketches for Filter Copy and conceptualised three of Dice Media's webseries. He took the lead in the series "Little Things", opposite Mithila Palkar, beginning in 2016. Sehgal is the creator and head writer of the series.


title: AZP S-60

text: AZP S-60 (, abbrev. АЗП (AZP); literally: "Automatic anti-aircraft gun S-60") is a Soviet towed, road-transportable, short- to medium-range, single-barrel anti-aircraft gun from the 1950s. The gun was extensively used in Warsaw Pact, Middle Eastern and South-East Asian countries.


title: AZP S-60

text: In the late 1940s, the Soviets started to develop a 57 mm anti-aircraft gun, to replace its 37 mm guns. Three models were presented, and the winning design was made by V. G. Grabin. According to western intelligence sources, the German prototype gun "5,5 cm Gerät 58" formed the basis for the design. The Soviets were also able to study German "5 cm Flak 41" guns that had been captured following the Battle of Stalingrad.


title: AZP S-60

text: The prototype passed the field tests in 1946 and was accepted into service in 1950, after some minor modifications. The anti-aircraft gun was given the name "57 mm AZP S-60". Grabin continued the development and fielded the SPAAG version ZSU-57-2 in 1955.


title: AZP S-60

text: The fire direction device was developed from the German "Lambda" calculator ("Kommandogerät 40", "40A", and "40B") and was called "PUAZO-5A". It had also a distance measuring device called "D-49". The fire direction was also made more effective by including "Grom-2" (10 cm wavelength) radars to the AA-batteries. The whole system was called "SON-9". Later on, the calculators would be changed into the more modern "RPK-1 Vaza", which had been designed by M. M. Kositskin. The calculator and the radars were transported by Ural 375 trucks.


title: AZP S-60

text: The 57 mm gun replaced the 37 mm divisional guns in Soviet service in the 1950s. A divisional anti-aircraft regiment consisted of two AA-batteries with six 57 mm guns each. The PVO air-defence troops AA-regiments consisted of four 57 mm AA-batteries (24 guns).


title: AZP S-60

text: In the mid-1960s, the Soviet divisional anti-aircraft units began replacing their AA-guns with missiles, and by the end of the 1970s, the AA-guns had almost disappeared. However, they were used in many other countries. The performance of AAA (anti-aircraft artillery) in Vietnam against low-flying aircraft led the Soviets to bring back many guns from storage to supplement the Surface-to-Air Missiles, whose performance at low altitude was less than satisfactory.


title: AZP S-60

text: The S-60 and its Chinese copy (the Type 59) have seen combat in several wars all over the world – e.g., the Bajaur Campaign, Six-Day War and the Yom Kippur War in the Middle East, and the Soviet–Afghan War. The Afghan People's Army received twenty-four 57 mm guns in 1958, and deployed it during the Bajaur Campaign. During the Vietnam War, the S-60 was the keystone of North Vietnamese low-altitude air defense and was most effective between 460 meters and 1,500 meters.


title: AZP S-60

text: In Iraq (Iran–Iraq War, Gulf War and Iraq War), the S-60, normally deployed in battalions of 36 guns, served consistently in defense of divisional headquarters and field artillery assets.


title: AZP S-60

text: Georgian army air defence units used S-60 guns during the Russo-Georgian War. Some units engaged Russian attack aircraft near the city of Gori. None were shot down by S-60 though some were damaged.


title: AZP S-60

text: Syrian S-60 guns were actively used during the Syrian Civil War by both the army and rebel groups. As many other guns originally designed for antiaircraft use, most of the time they were used in shelling ground targets.


title: AZP S-60

text: The Islamic State allegedly shot down a Cessna 208 Caravan operated by the Iraqi Air Force near Hawija, Iraq on 16 March 2016 with a truck-mounted S-60.


title: AZP S-60

text: In 2022, S-60s were used by Ukraine in the war with Russia not in their original anti-aircraft role but as indirect-fire artillery. In this role they were reported to have an effective range of 6.1km.


title: AZP S-60

text: The S-60 fires ammunition in 57×348SR caliber, with ballistics (see below) similar to the longer 57×438mm ammunition of Bofors 57 mm AA gun, but somewhat weaker than Soviet 57 mm anti-tank guns of World War II. Modern anti-aircraft rounds have not been developed for the gun; the main characteristics of the Soviet-era ammunition are listed in the table below. In addition to these People's Republic of China manufactures ammunition in 57x348SR caliber, designated Type 59 HE-T, Type 59 AP-T, and Type 76 HE-T.


title: AZP S-60

text: Training rounds include a blank round MK-281 ("Manöver-Kartusche", East German designation), and training rounds with -IN suffix (UBR-281U-IN, UOR-281U-IN) identifying the rounds as fuzeless versions of the APCBC and HE rounds with dummy fuzes and inert filling replacing the explosive cavities.


title: AZP S-60

text: The S-60 was sold to at least 37 countries during the Soviet era. The gun was also license manufactured in Poland by Zakłady Mechaniczne Tarnów in Tarnów (en. "Tarnów Mechanical Works"), and in Hungary by DIMÁVAG in Miskolc-Diósgyőr, and in China as the Type 59.


title: Angle of view

text: The angle of view is the decisive variable for the visual perception of the size or projection of the size of an object.


title: Angle of view

text: The perceived size of an object depends on the size of the image projected onto the retina. The size of the image depends on the angle of vision. A near and a far object can appear the same size if their edges produce the same angle of vision. With an optical device such as glasses or binoculars, microscope and telescope the angle of vision can be widened so that the object appears larger, which is favourable for the resolving power of the eye (see visual angle).


title: Angle of view

text: In photography, angle of view (AOV) describes the angular extent of a given scene that is imaged by a camera. It is used interchangeably with the more general term field of view.


title: Angle of view

text: It is important to distinguish the angle of view from the angle of coverage, which describes the angle range that a lens can image. Typically the image circle produced by a lens is large enough to cover the film or sensor completely, possibly including some vignetting toward the edge. If the angle of coverage of the lens does not fill the sensor, the image circle will be visible, typically with strong vignetting toward the edge, and the effective angle of view will be limited to the angle of coverage.


title: Angle of view

text: A camera's angle of view depends not only on the lens, but also on the sensor. Digital sensors are usually smaller than 35 mm film, and this causes the lens to have a narrower angle of view than with 35 mm film, by a constant factor for each sensor (called the crop factor). In everyday digital cameras, the crop factor can range from around 1 (professional digital SLRs), to 1.6 (consumer SLR), to 2 (Micro Four Thirds ILC) to 6 (most compact cameras). So a standard 50 mm lens for 35 mm photography acts like a 50 mm standard "film" lens on a professional digital SLR, but would act closer to an 80 mm lens (1.6 x 50mm) on many mid-market DSLRs, and the 40 degree angle of view of a standard 50 mm lens on a film camera is equivalent to an 80 mm lens on many digital SLRs.


title: Angle of view

text: For lenses projecting rectilinear (non-spatially-distorted) images of distant objects, the effective focal length and the image format dimensions completely define the angle of view. Calculations for lenses producing non-rectilinear images are much more complex and in the end not very useful in most practical applications. (In the case of a lens with distortion, e.g., a fisheye lens, a longer lens with distortion can have a wider angle of view than a shorter lens with low distortion)


title: Angle of view

text: Angle of view may be measured horizontally (from the left to right edge of the frame), vertically (from the top to bottom of the frame), or diagonally (from one corner of the frame to its opposite corner).


title: Angle of view

text: For a lens projecting a rectilinear image (focused at infinity, see derivation), the angle of view ("α") can be calculated from the chosen dimension ("d"), and effective focal length ("f") as follows:


title: Angle of view

text: formula_2 represents the size of the film (or sensor) in the direction measured "(see below: sensor effects)". For example, for 35 mm film which is 36 mm wide and 24 mm high, formula_3 would be used to obtain the horizontal angle of view and formula_4 for the vertical angle.


title: Angle of view

text: Because this is a trigonometric function, the angle of view does not vary quite linearly with the reciprocal of the focal length. However, except for wide-angle lenses, it is reasonable to approximate formula_5 radians or formula_6 degrees.


title: Angle of view

text: The effective focal length is nearly equal to the stated focal length of the lens ("F"), except in macro photography where the lens-to-object distance is comparable to the focal length. In this case, the magnification factor ("m") must be taken into account:


title: Angle of view

text: (In photography formula_8 is usually defined to be positive, despite the inverted image.) For example, with a magnification ratio of 1:2, we find formula_9 and thus the angle of view is reduced by 33% compared to focusing on a distant object with the same lens.


title: Angle of view

text: Consider a 50 mm camera with a lens having a focal length of . The dimensions of the 35 mm image format are 24 mm (vertically) × 36 mm (horizontal), giving a diagonal of about 43.3 mm.


title: Angle of view

text: Consider a rectilinear lens in a camera used to photograph an object at a distance formula_13, and forming an image that just barely fits in the dimension, formula_2, of the frame (the film or image sensor). Treat the lens as if it were a pinhole at distance formula_15 from the image plane (technically, the center of perspective of a rectilinear lens is at the center of its entrance pupil):


title: Angle of view

text: Now formula_16 is the angle between the optical axis of the lens and the ray joining its optical center to the edge of the film. Here formula_17 is defined to be the angle-of-view, since it is the angle enclosing the largest object whose image can fit on the film. We want to find the relationship between:


title: Angle of view

text: To project a sharp image of distant objects, formula_15 needs to be equal to the focal length, formula_24, which is attained by setting the lens for infinity focus. Then the angle of view is given by:


title: Angle of view

text: Note that the angle of view varies slightly when the focus is not at infinity (See breathing (lens)), given by formula_27 rearranging the lens equation.


title: Angle of view

text: For macro photography, we cannot neglect the difference between formula_15 and formula_24. From the thin lens formula,


title: Angle of view

text: From the definition of magnification, formula_31, we can substitute formula_13 and with some algebra find:


title: Angle of view

text: A second effect which comes into play in macro photography is lens asymmetry (an asymmetric lens is a lens where the aperture appears to have different dimensions when viewed from the front and from the back). The lens asymmetry causes an offset between the nodal plane and pupil positions. The effect can be quantified using the ratio ("P") between apparent exit pupil diameter and entrance pupil diameter. The full formula for angle of view now becomes:


title: Angle of view

text: In the optical instrumentation industry the term "field of view" (FOV) is most often used, though the measurements are still expressed as angles. Optical tests are commonly used for measuring the FOV of UV, visible, and infrared (wavelengths about 0.1–20 μm in the electromagnetic spectrum) sensors and cameras.


title: Angle of view

text: The purpose of this test is to measure the horizontal and vertical FOV of a lens and sensor used in an imaging system, when the lens focal length or sensor size is not known (that is, when the calculation above is not immediately applicable). Although this is one typical method that the optics industry uses to measure the FOV, there exist many other possible methods.


title: Angle of view

text: UV/visible light from an integrating sphere (and/or other source such as a black body) is focused onto a square test target at the focal plane of a collimator (the mirrors in the diagram), such that a virtual image of the test target will be seen infinitely far away by the camera under test. The camera under test senses a real image of the virtual image of the target, and the sensed image is displayed on a monitor.


title: Angle of view

text: The sensed image, which includes the target, is displayed on a monitor, where it can be measured. Dimensions of the full image display and of the portion of the image that is the target are determined by inspection (measurements are typically in pixels, but can just as well be inches or cm).


title: Angle of view

text: The collimator's distant virtual image of the target subtends a certain angle, referred to as the angular extent of the target, that depends on the collimator focal length and the target size. Assuming the sensed image includes the whole target, the angle seen by the camera, its FOV, is this angular extent of the target times the ratio of full image size to target image size.


title: Angle of view

text: This calculation could be a horizontal or a vertical FOV, depending on how the target and image are measured.


title: Angle of view

text: Zoom lenses are a special case wherein the focal length, and hence angle of view, of the lens can be altered mechanically without removing the lens from the camera.


title: Angle of view

text: For a given camera–subject distance, longer lenses magnify the subject more. For a given subject magnification (and thus different camera–subject distances), longer lenses appear to compress distance; wider lenses appear to expand the distance between objects.


title: Angle of view

text: Another result of using a wide angle lens is a greater apparent perspective distortion when the camera is not aligned perpendicularly to the subject: parallel lines converge at the same rate as with a normal lens, but converge more due to the wider total field. For example, buildings appear to be falling backwards much more severely when the camera is pointed upward from ground level than they would if photographed with a normal lens at the same distance from the subject, because more of the subject building is visible in the wide-angle shot.


title: Angle of view

text: Because different lenses generally require a different camera–subject distance to preserve the size of a subject, changing the angle of view can indirectly distort perspective, changing the apparent relative size of the subject and foreground.


title: Angle of view

text: If the subject image size remains the same, then at any given aperture all lenses, wide angle and long lenses, will give the same depth of field.


title: Angle of view

text: This table shows the diagonal, horizontal, and vertical angles of view, in degrees, for lenses producing rectilinear images, when used with 36 mm × 24 mm format (that is, 135 film or full-frame 35 mm digital using width 36 mm, height 24 mm, and diagonal 43.3 mm for "d" in the formula above). Digital compact cameras sometimes state the focal lengths of their lenses in 35 mm equivalents, which can be used in this table.


title: Angle of view

text: As noted above, a camera's angle level of view depends not only on the lens, but also on the sensor used. Digital sensors are usually smaller than 35 mm film, causing the lens to usually behave as a longer focal length lens would behave, and have a narrower angle of view than with 35 mm film, by a constant factor for each sensor (called the crop factor). In everyday digital cameras, the crop factor can range from around 1 (professional digital SLRs), to 1.6 (mid-market SLRs), to around 3 to 6 for compact cameras. So a standard 50 mm lens for 35 mm photography acts like a 50 mm standard "film" lens even on a professional digital SLR, but would act closer to a 75mm (1.5×50 mm Nikon) or 80mm lens (1.6×50 mm Canon) on many mid-market DSLRs, and the 40 degree angle of view of a standard 50mm lens on a film camera is equivalent to a 28–35 mm lens on many digital SLRs.


title: Angle of view

text: The table below shows the horizontal, vertical and diagonal angles of view, in degrees, when used with 22.2 mm × 14.8 mm format (that is Canon's DSLR APS-C frame size) and a diagonal of 26.7 mm.


title: Angle of view

text: Modifying the angle of view over time (known as zooming), is a frequently used cinematic technique, often combined with camera movement to produce a "dolly zoom" effect, made famous by the film "Vertigo". Using a wide angle of view can exaggerate the camera's perceived speed, and is a common technique in tracking shots, phantom rides, and racing video games. See also Field of view in video games.


title: Ward Cunningham

text: Howard G. Cunningham (born May 26, 1949) is an American computer programmer who developed the first wiki and was a co-author of the "Manifesto for Agile Software Development". A pioneer in both design patterns and extreme programming, he started coding the WikiWikiWeb in 1994, and installed it on c2.com (the website of his software consultancy) on March 25, 1995, as an add-on to the Portland Pattern Repository. He co-authored (with Bo Leuf) a book about wikis, entitled "The Wiki Way", and invented the Framework for Integrated Tests.


title: Ward Cunningham

text: Cunningham was a keynote speaker at the first three instances of the WikiSym conference series on wiki research and practice, and also at the Wikimedia Developer Summit 2017.


title: Ward Cunningham

text: Howard G. Cunningham was born in Michigan City, Indiana, on May 26, 1949. He grew up in Highland, Indiana, staying there through high school. He received his bachelor's degree in interdisciplinary engineering (electrical engineering and computer science) and his master's degree in computer science from Purdue University, graduating in 1978. He is a co-founder of Cunningham & Cunningham, a software consultancy he started with his wife. He has also served as Director of R&D at Wyatt Software and as Principal Engineer in the Tektronix Computer Research Laboratory. He is founder of The Hillside Group and has served as program chair of the Pattern Languages of Programming conference which it sponsors. Cunningham was part of the Smalltalk community.


title: Ward Cunningham

text: From December 2003 until October 2005, Cunningham worked for Microsoft in the "Patterns & Practices" group. From October 2005 to May 2007, he held the position of Director of Committer Community Development at the Eclipse Foundation. In May 2009, he joined AboutUs as its chief technology officer. On March 24, 2011 "The Oregonian" reported that Cunningham had departed AboutUs to join the Venice Beach-based CitizenGlobal, a startup working on crowd-sourced video content, as their chief technology officer and the Co-Creation Czar. He remains "an adviser" with AboutUs. Cunningham left CitizenGlobal and is now a programmer at New Relic.


title: Ward Cunningham

text: Cunningham is well known for a few widely disseminated ideas which he originated and developed. The most famous among these are the wiki and many ideas in the field of software design patterns, made popular by the "Gang of Four" (GoF). He owns the company Cunningham & Cunningham Inc., a consultancy that has specialized in object-oriented programming. He coined the concept of technical debt and expaned on the idea back in 1992. He created the site (and software) WikiWikiWeb, the first internet wiki in 1995.


title: Ward Cunningham

text: When asked in a 2006 interview with internetnews.com whether he considered patenting the wiki concept, he explained that he thought the idea "just sounded like something that no one would want to pay money for."


title: Ward Cunningham

text: Cunningham is interested in tracking the number and location of wiki page edits as a sociological experiment and may even consider the degradation of a wiki page as part of its process to stability. "There are those who give and those who take. You can tell by reading what they write."


title: Ward Cunningham

text: In 2011, Cunningham created Smallest Federated Wiki, a tool for wiki federation, which applies aspects of software development such as forking to wiki pages. He signed the Manifesto for Agile Software Development


title: Ward Cunningham

text: Cunningham has contributed to the practice of object-oriented programming, in particular the use of pattern languages and (with Kent Beck) the class-responsibility-collaboration cards. He also contributes to the extreme programming software development methodology. Much of this work was done collaboratively on the first wiki site.


title: Ward Cunningham

text: Cunningham is credited with the idea: "The best way to get the right answer on the Internet is not to ask a question; it's to post the wrong answer." This refers to the observation that people are quicker to correct a wrong answer than to answer a question. According to Steven McGeady, Cunningham advised him of this on a whim in the early 1980s, and McGeady dubbed this . Although originally referring to interactions on Usenet, the law has been used to describe how other online communities work, such as Wikipedia. Cunningham himself denies ownership of the law, calling it a "misquote that disproves itself by propagating through the internet."


title: Ward Cunningham

text: Cunningham lives in Beaverton, Oregon. He holds an Amateur Radio Extra Class license issued by the Federal Communications Commission, and his call sign is Kilo Nine Oscar X-ray, K9OX.


title: The King and I (1999 film)

text: The King and I is a 1999 American animated musical film directed by Richard Rich. It is the only animated feature film produced by Morgan Creek Entertainment. Loosely based on Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II's 1951 stage musical of the same name, it portrays a fictionalized account of English school teacher Anna Leonowens' historical encounter with the King of Siam Mongkut, and royal court. The voice cast stars Miranda Richardson and Martin Vidnovic as Leonowens and Mongkut, respectively, with Ian Richardson, Darrell Hammond, and Adam Wylie. The score, songs, and some of the character names come from the stage musical. Screenwriters Peter Bakalian, Jacqueline Feather, and David Seidler took creative liberties with the history and with the source material from the musical in an attempt to make the film palatable to all audiences.


title: The King and I (1999 film)

text: "The King and I" was released on March 19, 1999, eight months prior to "Anna and the King", a live-action adaptation of the same story. The critical consensus on Rotten Tomatoes calls it "charmless and shoddily animated." "The King and I" earned $12 million at the box office and its gross was seen as disappointing compared to that of other animated films released at the time. The film received five nominations including the London Critics Circle Film Award for British Actress of the Year for Richarson and the Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing in Animated Feature.


title: The King and I (1999 film)

text: Aside from foreign films, TV shows, and direct-to-video films, "The King and I" was the final mainstream theatrical film to officially be released under the Warner Bros. Family Entertainment banner. Warner Bros. has since released theatrical family films under their standard Warner Bros. Pictures banner.


title: The King and I (1999 film)

text: In 1862, a ship sails from London to Bangkok, on board are Anna Leonowens and her son Louis. Kralahome, Prime Minister, uses his powers of illusion to cause it to appear as if a massive sea serpent is attacking the ship as it's battered in a storm. Anna, with the help of Captain Orton, manage to save Louis from drowning. As they approach Bangkok, the captain explains to Anna how the kingdom is politically structured.


title: The King and I (1999 film)

text: In the Grand Palace, in Siam, Anna witnesses King Mongkut receive a gift in the form of a slave, Tuptim, a young woman from Burma. Despite being promised her own house outside the palace, Anna is denied it. The King drags Anna to his workshop in which he tests new inventions such as hot air balloons and trains. Louis is taken on a tour of the armory by the Kralahome's henchman, Master Little, who barely misses an injury. In the palace gardens, Prince Chulalongkorn meets Tuptim and they fall in love, but Chulalongkorn keeps his true identity hidden. The King's wives help Anna unpack and Anna sees Chulalongkorn and Tuptim in the courtyard and supports their relationship. Anna wants to leave since she will not receive the house, but changes her mind after she meets the royal children, especially Chulalongkorn.


title: The King and I (1999 film)

text: With the Kralahome still plotting to overthrow the king, he writes a letter to the British Empire that claims that Anna is in danger. Anna begins to teach the children and learns that they never been outside the palace walls. To give the hands-on experience, she takes all of the royal children around the city to see how other people live, which, in turn, angers the King. The Kralahome reports it from Master Little, who tells him of seeing the outing. It boils over into a fight, with Anna still complaining about the house that she was promised but has yet to receive.


title: The King and I (1999 film)

text: Chulalongkorn meets with his father to discuss traditions. He wants to be with Tuptim but knows that his father would never allow it. Confused, Mongkut goes to pray to Buddha. The Kralahome then uses his powers on the statues in the room to try and attack the king, which the king's black panther, Rama, fights off. When Chulalongkorn is kickboxing, Tuptim finally learns that he is the crown prince and that their love is forbidden. However, he tells her that he does not care about tradition and wants to be with her. Master Little learns of their relationship and tells the Kralahome, who plans to use it to anger the King at the right time.


title: The King and I (1999 film)

text: Anna goes to the King to learn that he is troubled after he learned that the British are coming because he is allegedly a barbarian, which she knows is false. Anna advises the King to throw a banquet for the British when they arrive so that he can show that he is civilized. At the dinner, the Kralahome mentions the royal ivory pendant that the King is supposed to wear, which he gave to his son, who then gave it to Tuptim. When it is revealed that Chulalongkorn gave it away, Tuptim is brought in by guards. Dishonored by the relationship, the King threatens to whip Tuptim to death, but finds that he can't do it; she and Chulalongkorn later escape into the jungle with Louis.


title: The King and I (1999 film)

text: While they escape, the Kralahome uses his powers to guide them through the jungle across a rope bridge. The bridge collapses, and Tuptim and Chulalongkorn are almost swept away by a river. The King, having had a change of heart and using one of his hot air balloons, rescues them with Louis's help in distracting Master Little's interference. However, on their journey back to the palace, the Kralahome fires a firework, destroys the balloon, and causes it to crash. Everyone but the King is able to jump into a lake to safety. The Kralahome celebrates his apparent victory of killing the King, but ends up exposing his true nature in front of Sir Edward and the royal guards.


title: The King and I (1999 film)

text: An injured, bedridden King tells his son to be ready to lead Siam if he dies and allows him and Tuptim to be married and becoming king and queen. With his evil schemes of overthrowing the King exposed, the Kralahome loses his position, and as a punishment, he is forced to clean the elephant stables, with Master Little as his boss (who now loses all his teeth and attacks him). The King heals from his injury and presents Anna with her house outside the palace walls, and the two of them dance.


title: The King and I (1999 film)

text: After the success of Walt Disney Feature Animation's "The Little Mermaid" (1989), Warner Bros. began distributing several animated films such as "The Nutcracker Prince" (1990) and "Rover Dangerfield" (1991), respectively. However, it was the success of "The Lion King" (1994) that convinced other Hollywood studios to consider producing in-house animated feature films.


title: The King and I (1999 film)

text: In 1991, Morgan Creek Entertainment began a distribution deal with Warner Bros to release their films within the United States. In 1994, the company established Warner Bros. Feature Animation, hiring Max Howard a year later to preside over the new division. In 1994, Arthur Rankin Jr., the head of Rankin/Bass Productions, had toured Thailand where he considered adapting "The King and I" into an animated feature film. Together with his partner Jules Bass, they were able to convince the Rodgers and Hammerstein Organization, who held the copyright to the musical, that an animated feature film "would be a superb way" to expand the property. Both parties struck a deal with the organization getting a potential share of the box office gross. Rankin/Bass then recruited Morgan Creek as the production company.


title: The King and I (1999 film)

text: Prior to the release of "Quest for Camelot" (1998), screenwriters David Seidler and Jacqueline Feather were contracted to adapt the film for Morgan Creek, to be released under the Warner Bros. Family Entertainment label. In 1998, it was revealed the plot had been "slightly altered" from the original musical "in the interest of family viewing." However, no changes could be made without the approval by the Rodgers and Hammerstein Organization. According to then-president Ted Chapin, it was known within the organization that the changes would be a risk, but they hoped the film would "introduce a generation of younger people to the show, earlier than they might have been under normal circumstances".


title: The King and I (1999 film)

text: Each of the characters in the film were designed by a team of animators consisting of Bronwen Barry, Elena Kravets, and Michael Coppieters. The final design of each character had to receive final approval from James G. Robinson, the head of Morgan Creek Entertainment. Over one thousand animators were hired in over 24 countries across four different continents to hand draw each second of the film. Patrick Gleeson and Colm Duggan served as the supervising animators for domestic production, while additional animation was outsourced to Giant Productions, Canuck Creations, Partners in Production, Manigates Animacion, and Stardust Pictures. Clean-up animation was contracted to Hanho Heung-Up in Seoul, South Korea.


title: The King and I (1999 film)

text: A soundtrack album was released on March 16, 1999 by Sony Classical Records. It was released on both CD and cassette formats. Many songs from the original musical are performed in this film. All the songs on the album were originally composed by Oscar Hammerstein II and Richard Rodgers. The Philharmonia Orchestra covers the instrumental score.


title: The King and I (1999 film)

text: William Ruhlmann of Allmusic.com gave the album a rating of 3 stars out of 5, describing it as a "surprisingly adequate" soundtrack to a "badly received" film. He adds, however, that the "overly effusive vocal performances" and "overly busy arrangements" make it "by far the worst version of this music ever recorded", and cites the use of "nine different orchestrators" as a possible factor. He concludes by conceding that there is good singing on the album. John Kenrick, in his article "Comparative CD Reviews Part III", describes the 1999 recording as a "total disgrace" that sees "superb Broadway singers...labor against mindless cuts and gooey orchestrations". In a relatively negative review of the animated adaption, "The Rodgers and Hammerstein Encyclopedia" does say that "some of the songs survive nicely, and the singing vocals throughout are very proficient".


title: The King and I (1999 film)

text: "The King and I" was released on VHS and DVD on July 6, 1999 on DVD and VHS by Warner Home Video. During its home video release, the film remained in the top 20 of Billboards "Top Kid Video Chart" for over 15 weeks. In December 1999, the film became the sixteenth best-selling children's title of 1999. The film was later made available on Amazon Prime when the streaming service premiered on August 1, 2011. The film was listed on iTunes for digital sale in 2010.


title: The King and I (1999 film)

text: "The King and I" earned $4 million during its opening weekend, occupying the sixth spot at the box office. The film ultimately grossed under $12 million at the box office. Its release also coincided with "Doug's 1st Movie", which was released the following week.


title: The King and I (1999 film)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, "The King and I" has an approval rating of 13% based on 24 reviews, with an average rating of 3.51/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Charmless and shoddily animated, "The King and I" pales in comparison to its classic namesake in every way." Historian Thomas Hischak wrote that it was "surprising to think that the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization allowed it to be made ... children have enjoyed "The King and I" for five decades without relying on dancing dragons". Hischak, in his work The Oxford Companion to the American Musical: Theatre, Film, and Television, says the film is "easily the worst treatment of any Rodgers and Hammerstein property". "The Rodgers and Hammerstein Encyclopedia" says "whether or not one agrees about the 1956 film of "The King and I" being the best R&H movie, most would concede that [the] animated adaption is the worst". Roger Ebert gave it 2 stars out of 4 and felt that animated adaptations of musicals have potential but found the film rather dull.


title: The Guide

text: The Guide is a 1958 novel written in English by the Indian author R. K. Narayan. Like most of his works the novel is based on Malgudi, the fictional town in South India. The novel describes the transformation of the protagonist, Raju, from a tour guide to a spiritual guide and then one of the greatest holy men of India.


title: The Guide

text: The novel brought Narayan the 1960 Sahitya Akademi Award for English, by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters. In 2022, it was included on the "Big Jubilee Read" list of 70 books by Commonwealth authors, selected to celebrate the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II.


title: The Guide

text: Raju (Nicknamed: Railway Raju) is a corrupt tour guide who is famous among tourists. He falls in love with a beautiful dancer, Rosie, the wife of archaeologist Marco. They have come to Malgudi, the fictional town in South India, as tourists. Marco does not approve of Rosie's passion for dancing. Rosie, encouraged by Raju, decides to follow her dreams and start a dancing career. In the process they become close to each other. On learning of their relationship, Marco leaves Rosie in Malgudi and goes back to Madras alone. Rosie turns up at the home of Raju and they start living together. But Raju's mother does not approve of their relationship and leaves them. Raju becomes Rosie's stage manager and soon, with the help of Raju's marketing tactics, Rosie becomes a successful dancer. Raju, however, develops an inflated sense of self-importance and tries to control her life. He wants to build as much wealth as possible. Raju gets involved in a case of forgery of Rosie's signature and gets a two-year sentence despite Rosie's best efforts to save him. After completing the sentence, Raju passes through a village, Mangal, where he is mistaken for a sadhu (a spiritual guide). Since he does not want to return in disgrace to Malgudi, he decides to stay in an abandoned temple, close to the village. There he plays the role of a Sadhu, delivering sermons and discourses to the villagers and solving their day-to-day problems and disputes. Soon there is a famine in the village and villagers somehow get the idea that Raju will keep a fast in order to make it rain. Raju confesses the entire truth about his past to Velan, who had first discovered Raju in the temple and had developed faith in him like the rest of the villagers. The confession does not make a difference to Velan, and Raju decides to go on with the fast. With media publicizing his fast, a huge crowd gathers (much to Raju's resentment) to watch him fast. In the morning of the eleventh day of fasting, he goes to the riverside as part of his daily ritual. He feels that the rain is falling in the hills in the distance, and he sags down in water. It is unknown and unconfirmed whether it rained, or whether Raju died. It is left up to interpretation of the reader.


title: The Guide

text: The film "Guide" was released in 1965, based on the novel. It was directed by Vijay Anand. It starred Dev Anand as Raju, Waheeda Rehman as Rosie, and Leela Chitnis in the lead roles. The film's score was composed by S. D. Burman. The movie's ending differs from that of the novel, in which the fate of some characters remain unanswered.


title: The Guide

text: A 120-minute U.S. version was written by Pearl S. Buck, and directed and produced by Tad Danielewski. The film was screened at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival, 42 years after its release.


title: The Guide

text: The novel was also adapted into a play in 1968. The play was profiled in the William Goldman book "".


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: Sasural Genda Phool is an Indian television drama series that aired on StarPlus starring Ragini Khanna and Jay Soni. It aired during weekday evenings from 1 March 2010 to 21 April 2012. Its plot was written at the same time as Star Jalsha series "Ogo Bodhu Sundori", and many people misinterpreted the series to be a remake while both were original series. It is based on the backdrop of Old Delhi.


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: Suhana Bajpai is a gorgeous, energetic young woman who lost her mother Vidisha when she was a child. Kamal Kishore Bajpai, Suhana's father, is unable to provide Suhana with sufficient time despite his best efforts. Suhana has a legendary temper and a materialistic mentality as a result of being deprived of his attention and Vidisha's love. In an act of spontaneous anger, she accepts to marry anyone Kamal chooses for her.


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: Ishaan Kashyap is an IT professional who grew up in a joint household and is polite, shy, and good-natured. However, he lacks a partner due to his introverted and awkward personality around women. He gives up and resolves to marry whomever his family determines to be a good match for him.


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: Kamal Kishore Bajpai and Ishaan coincidentally meet. After observing the Kashyap family's love and kindness, Kamal realises that this is the home that Suhana requires in her life. He requests Ishaan for Suhana's hand in marriage, which the Kashyaps accept. Suhana and Ishaan get married.


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: However, the marriage gets off to a bad start. Suhana makes it clear to Ishaan that she does not love him, as she is still suffering from a recent breakup. He decides to allow her time to heal her wounds. Suhana eventually begins to bond with the family, particularly with Shailaja, Ishaan's aunt (called "Badi Ma" by everyone), whom Suhana admires as the motherly figure she has been lacking in her life. Suhana gradually begins to care for Ishaan as a result of living together. She also learns more about the family with time.


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: The Kashyaps have several hidden pains and dark pasts. Ishwar Kashyap, Badi Ma's ambitious husband and the eldest child of Dadaji and Dadiji, had deserted her, and her children - Inder and Panna - for a supposedly bright future in the USA, whereby he remarried a woman named Meera, much to the whole family’s shock. Post this, Dadaji snaps connections with Ishwar and doesn’t consider him as a son of the family. And in order to make up for Ishwar’s absence, his younger brother Alok whole-heartedly sacrificed all his dreams and ambitions to look after his family and cater to their needs. Another dark secret is that Radha, the foster daughter to the head of the family Ambarnath Kashyap (Dadaji), is still suffering from the pain of being a rape victim on her wedding night. She is unable to heal from her pain as the child born out of that incident, Deepak, has an uncanny resemblance to the man who raped her. Ilesh, Ishaan and Inder's cousin is perpetually unemployed and not interested in working. His wife Disha is struggling to conceive. These are the sorrows that make Suhana realize that life is about accepting them and moving on with a smile.


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: Still, Suhana doesn't find herself consciously in love with Ishaan, She tries to leave the house but decides to stay and take care of Badi Ma after she falls ill from the shock. Each time she mentions leaving the house, she doesn't realise that she is hurting Ishaan very terribly.


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: Ishaan's childhood friend, Sonali, is invited over to make Suhana jealous. Suhana realizes that she does love Ishaan and eventually confesses her love for Ishaan in front of everyone, and Sonali goes home. Ishaan and Suhana go to Goa for their honeymoon where they bare their souls to one another and come closer. Meanwhile, depressed after losing his job, Panna's husband Raunak leaves her and his family. He does this so that he can become stable and get a high-paying job again. At this time, Deepak also comes to stay with his family, having settled things with his mother. As time passes in Raunak's absence, the fractured relationship between Panna and her mother-in-law is repaired, leading to the repair in the relationship between the Kashyaps and the Sharmas. Ilesh gets a job with a construction company and earns a lot of money, which raises suspicion in the minds of Ishaan and Inder.


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: Suhana unexpectedly faints at Holi, leading to the family think that she is pregnant. But they later find out that she is not pregnant but is shockingly suffering from a brain tumor. However, they are overjoyed to later learn that the tumor is completely benign. Suhana undergoes her surgery and is completely healed. Mysterious love letters to an I. Kashyap arrive to Suhana and Rajni. They doubt Ishaan and Inder. They find that their neighbour, Jassi, was having an affair with a girl and was using I. Kashyap as his name, and when their mailbox broke, his game was ruined. When the problem is solved, Suhana apologizes to Ishaan for doubting him.


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: Ishaan meets with an accident. He loses the memory of the past two years of his life, thus forgetting Suhana and his marriage to her. Suhana stays in the Kashyap house as Shashikala, Disha's friend. After being around "Shashikala", Ishaan feels connected to her but cannot pursue her because she is married. During this time, Ishwar returns to India and bumps into his father and Shailaja, who fail to acknowledge him. While the elders of the family get the news of Ishwar's return, Dadiji begs Dadaji to forgive Ishwar, much to the family's shock, thereby compelling Dadaji to take stern action on anyone who tries contacting Ishwar.


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: After a few hilarious turns, Ishaan decides to marry Shashikala, come what may. At the wedding altar, he reveals that he has regained his memory, thanks to tripping over a bench that Suhana had overturned in a fit of anger.


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: Disha is depressed as she learns of her inability to conceive a child, which comes as a shocker for the family wondering why the matter was hidden from them. Suhana finds a baby in the park and brings it home, suggesting Disha, to adopt her. Everyone is surprised and touched by this gesture. As the baby named Khushi by the family makes an impact on them, it starts affecting Suhana and Ishaan's married life as Suhana ignores Ishaan to attend to Khushi. But troubles attack the Kashyap family threefold - Ilesh is found guilty of bribery and money laundering. His company refuses to recognize him as an employee. Also, Khushi's birth parents turn up and the family tearfully hands over the baby to her parents. What makes it worse is that the family gets a shocker to know that Ishwar is back in Delhi, from Inder and Panna, after paying him a visit, and Shailaja meeting Ishwar secretly, on Dadiji's insistence, much to Dadaji and Alok's displeasure.


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: Ishaan expresses his happiness over his promotion and his transfer to Mumbai. Ishaan is happy because this is his chance for him to prove himself, as he has been battling for his identity within the family. He is fed up of being treated as a child and kept away from the serious decisions of the family. Ishaan and Suhana move to Mumbai and get to know the Mumbai life. Meanwhile, Ilesh is acquitted and found not guilty.


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: In Mumbai, Ishaan meets up with Sonali. Ishaan and Suhana find out that Sonali has married to Abhishek, who is obsessive about her. Ishaan finds out that Sonali is suffering an abuse because of this. Meanwhile, Ishwar has returned to the Kashyap's, Although no one wants to accept him, he is trying to be forceful with them to accept and forgive him. Panna is pregnant, but Ishwar ruins the joy. Suhana accidentally finds out about Ishwar's return and feels the desperate need to connect to Badi Maa. She rushes to Delhi and finds out that Ishwar has conspired against the family to gain ownership of the house, because he wants to sell it, under the pretext of selling some of the family's jewelry. She exposes this to the entire family and they are shocked to the core. Finally, as Kashyap family gets closure about this, Dadaji and the others throw Ishwar out of the house and severs ties with him. While Ishaan is furious that everyone knew about Ishwar's return and his conspiracy, but did not let him in on the matter, Dadiji blames herself for Ishwar's deception, and for letting Shailaja meet him.


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: Suhana sees Sonali with Ishaan and doubts him of having an affair with her. She leaves him and returns to Delhi. She then brings Badi Maa and Alok to Mumbai who help her find out the truth that Abhishek was hitting Sona and apologises her and is back with Ishaan. Upon return to Delhi, Suhana declares to the family that she wishes to start working. She receives an offer to star in a television show as the lead. Rano, her mother-in-law, is against it, but everyone else supports her. Ilesh accompanies Suhana to the shoot and later enjoys handling and managing her career as her agent. This leads to a disturbance in the family as Rano feels that Suhana is ignoring her wifely duties towards Ishaan; Disha feels that Ilesh is not getting his due respect from Suhana as her older brother-in-law because of being employed by her. Ishaan also gets egoistic over the fact that Suhana earns more than him and is a star. However, his father shatters those illusions for him and he realizes his mistake.


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: In midst of all this, Sanjana (Suhana's sister) and Deepak fall in love with each other. Deepak tells the truth to Sanjana that he is a rape child and Sanjana accepts it. But she is reluctant to tell the truth to her father. Radha's husband, who sold her to the man who insulted her, mocks the engagement ceremony by revealing the truth to everyone. Kamal rejects the alliance between Deepak and Sanjana as Deepak is illegitimate. The young generation of the Kashyaps decides to help Deepak and Sanjana elope, but Radha stops it. Eventually, everyone convinces Kamal and he agrees; Deepak and Sanjana get married. Everyone lives happily ever after.


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: A sequel of the series titled Sasural Genda Phool 2 aired from 7 December 2021 to 15 April 2022 on Star Bharat starring Jay Soni and Shagun Sharma as the new leads.


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: "The Hindu" stated, "Sasural Genda Phool on Star Plus has proved to be a breath of fresh air from the stereotyped image of ‘saas-bahu (mother in law-daughter in law) serials. The performances of seasoned actors like Sudhir Pandey, Anita Kanwal, Supriya Pilgaonkar, Sooraj Thapar and Sadia Siddiqui provide the flavour of a real Indian joint family where, as Gaurav insists, there is a mix of all light-hearted emotions that will redefine the way viewers perceive our society through television."


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: "The Indian Express" quoted the series as 'slice-of-life, light-hearted'. It also stated: "It not only defied the formula of fiction but also proved that viewers are open to watching good stories where serious issues are tackled in a positive way with the right mix of emotions, drama, fun and humour."


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: Initially, it was the slot leader ranging between 2.5 and 3 TVR. Soon, it also featured in top 10 Hindi GEC with its peak of 5+ TVR. However, after May 2011, the ratings of the series started to decrease.


title: Sasural Genda Phool

text: On first week of January 2011, it was the second most watched Hindi GEC after "Saath Nibhaana Saathiya", garnering 5.8 TVR. In the third week of January 2011, it occupied third position with 5.49 TVR.


title: Visa requirements for Spanish citizens

text: Visa requirements for Spanish citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Spain. As of July 2022, Spanish citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 190 (of 193 as the maximum) countries and territories, ranking the ordinary Spanish passport 3rd in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.


title: Visa requirements for Spanish citizens

text: Visa requirements for Spanish citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:


title: Visa requirements for Spanish citizens

text: ID Card or Passport is valid for 90 days of visit in (Albania), (Andorra), (Bosnia and Herzegovina), (Kosovo), (Monaco), (Moldova), (North Macedonia), (Northern Cyprus), (Serbia), (San Marino), (Turkey) and (Vatican City).


title: Visa requirements for Spanish citizens

text: 2 – (Tunisia) ID Card is valid on an Organized Tours visit only, or with Passport – {Visa not Required} is valid for 90 days of visit.


title: Visa requirements for Spanish citizens

text: (Jordan) ID Card is valid on an Organized Tours visit or with Passport – {visa on arrival} is valid for 30 days of visit.


title: Visa requirements for Spanish citizens

text: Spanish citizens can apply for a resident permit on the basis of a remote worker from the following countries:


title: Visa requirements for Spanish citizens

text: Spanish citizens aged 18–30 (or 18–35 in some cases) can apply for a resident permit on the basis of a working holiday from the following countries:


title: Visa requirements for Spanish citizens

text: Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Zambia require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination. Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area.


title: Visa requirements for Spanish citizens

text: Several countries including Argentina, Cambodia, Colombia, Japan, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea and the United States demand all passengers to be fingerprinted on arrival.


title: Visa requirements for Spanish citizens

text: In a non-EU country where there is no Spanish embassy, Spanish citizens, like all other EU citizens, have the right to get consular protection from the embassy of any other EU country present in that country.


title: Visa requirements for Spanish citizens

text: Many countries require passports to be valid for at least 6 months upon arrival and one or two blank pages. Countries requiring passports to be validity at least 6 months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Bhutan, Botswana, Brunei, Cambodia, Comoros, Côte d'Ivoire, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Guyana, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq (except when arriving at Basra – 3 months and Erbil or Sulaimaniyah – on arrival), Israel, Kenya, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Namibia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Taiwan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, countries requiring passport validity of at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia, Zambia, countries requiring passport validity of at least 3 months on arrival include Georgia, Honduras, Iceland, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Moldova, Nauru, Panama, United Arab Emirates and countries requiring passport validity of at least 1 month on arrival include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Macao, New Zealand, South Africa. Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or passport valid throughout the period of intended stay.


title: Visa requirements for Spanish citizens

text: Holders of various categories of official Spanish passports have additional visa-free access to the following countries – Algeria , Egypt , Kazakhstan , Kuwait , Russia , Turkey and Vietnam . Holders of diplomatic or service passports of any country have visa-free access to Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Mali and Zimbabwe.


title: Voodoo Child (Slight Return)

text: "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)" is a song recorded by the Jimi Hendrix Experience in 1968 that appears as the final track on the "Electric Ladyland" album released that year. It contains improvised guitar and a vocal from Jimi Hendrix, backed by Noel Redding on bass and Mitch Mitchell on drums. The song is one of Hendrix's best known; it was a feature of his concert performances throughout his career, and several live renditions were recorded and released on later albums.


title: Voodoo Child (Slight Return)

text: After his death in 1970, Track Records released the song as a single in the United Kingdom using the title "Voodoo Chile" (see confusion over title). It became Hendrix's only number one single on the UK Singles Chart, reaching the top position during the week of November 15, 1970. Several artists have performed or recorded versions of the song. "Rolling Stone" magazine included it at number 101 on their original 2004 list of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time"


title: Voodoo Child (Slight Return)

text: "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)" was developed from "Voodoo Chile", recorded May 2, 1968, during a studio jam with Steve Winwood on organ and Jack Casady on bass. The next day, Hendrix returned to the studio with Redding and Mitchell for the filming of a short documentary by ABC television. Noel Redding explained, "We learned that song in the studio ... They had the cameras rolling on us as we played it". Hendrix added,


title: Voodoo Child (Slight Return)

text: According to Hendrix biographer Steven Roby, eight takes of the song were recorded by Hendrix, Redding, and Mitchell, and the final one was chosen as the master, which appeared on "Electric Ladyland".


title: Voodoo Child (Slight Return)

text: Author Charles Shaar Murray examines Hendrix's use of the term "Voodoo Child" in his book "Crosstown Traffic":


title: Voodoo Child (Slight Return)

text: Except for the chorus, the lyrics of "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)" are different from "Voodoo Chile":


title: Voodoo Child (Slight Return)

text: During a January 1, 1970, performance with the Band of Gypsys, Hendrix introduces the song as the "Black Panthers' national anthem" (included on the album "Live at the Fillmore East"). At the time, he was being pressured to make a statement about racial issues in the U.S.


title: Voodoo Child (Slight Return)

text: "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)" became a staple of Hendrix's concert performances, varying in length from seven to eighteen minutes. Recordings from the Winterland Ballroom, Royal Albert Hall, Woodstock, and the Fillmore East were later released on "The Jimi Hendrix Concerts", "Hendrix in the West", "Woodstock", and "Live at the Fillmore East". Many more recordings have also been issued (see List of songs recorded by Jimi Hendrix § Voodoo Child (Slight Return)).


title: Voodoo Child (Slight Return)

text: An AllMusic reviewer described the song as "a perfect example of how Hendrix took the Delta blues form and not only psychedelicized it, but cast an even more powerful spell by delivering the lyric in the voice of a voodoo priest". Also noted is Hendrix's guitar work: "Opening with a simple riff on the wah-wah pedal, the song explodes into full sonic force, the guitarist hitting the crunching chords and taking the astral-inspired leads for which he became infamous. The real guitar explorations happen midway through the song, while the basic, thundering riff is unrelenting".


title: Voodoo Child (Slight Return)

text: Joe Satriani said of the song: "It's just the greatest piece of electric guitar work ever recorded. In fact, the whole song could be considered the holy grail of guitar expression and technique. It is a beacon of humanity." "Rolling Stone" magazine included the song at number 102 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. A variety of musicians have recorded "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)", sometimes as "Voodoo Chile (Slight Return)" or shortened to "Voodoo Child".


title: Voodoo Child (Slight Return)

text: Stevie Ray Vaughan recorded "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)" for his second album, "Couldn't Stand the Weather" (1984). He explained in a 1985 interview: "I love Hendrix’s music... and I just feel it's important for people to hear him." Although he follows Hendrix's original, "he still manages to make it his own", according to "Far Out" magazine contributor Sam Kemp. "Guitar World"s Damian Fanelli adds "His [Vaughan's] uncanny ability to smooth out some of Hendrix’s weirder edges without losing any of the music’s power or excitement allowed him to credibly deliver Jimi’s avant-garde blues to a whole new generation of guitar fanatics." Vaughan often performed the song in concert and live versions are included on the albums "Live Alive" (1986) and "Live at Montreux 1982 & 1985" (2001).


title: Voodoo Child (Slight Return)

text: Wrestler Hulk Hogan used a portion of the song as his theme music during his time in the NWO while wrestling in WCW. According to a 2020 interview with wrestling impresario Eric Bischoff, he acquired a license for Hogan to use the song from Hendrix's stepsister and manager of his recording legacy, Janie Hendrix. Bischoff claimed that the agreement allowed him to use up to three minutes of the song in various contexts in 1997 for $100,000: "People thought I was insane, [they] thought I was burning Ted Turner's money [in 1997, but] if someone were to try to cut that deal right now [in 2020] it'd be in the millions".


title: Bioaccumulation

text: Bioaccumulation is the gradual accumulation of substances, such as pesticides or other chemicals, in an organism. Bioaccumulation occurs when an organism absorbs a substance at a rate faster than that at which the substance is lost or eliminated by catabolism and excretion. Thus, the longer the biological half-life of a toxic substance, the greater the risk of chronic poisoning, even if environmental levels of the toxin are not very high. Bioaccumulation, for example in fish, can be predicted by models. Hypothesis for molecular size cutoff criteria for use as bioaccumulation potential indicators are not supported by data. Biotransformation can strongly modify bioaccumulation of chemicals in an organism.


title: Bioaccumulation

text: Toxicity induced by metals is associated with bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Storage or uptake of metals faster than the rate at which an organism metabolizes and excretes lead to the accumulation of that metal. The presence of various chemicals and harmful substances in the environment can be analyzed and assessed with a proper knowledge on bioaccumulation helping with chemical control and usage.


title: Bioaccumulation

text: Uptake of chemicals by an organism can take place by breathing, absorbing through skin or swallowing. When the concentration of a chemical is higher within the organism compared to its surroundings (air or water), it is referred to as bioconcentration. Biomagnification is another process related to bioaccumulation as the concentration of the chemical or metal increases as it moves up from one trophic level to another. Naturally, the process of bioaccumulation is necessary for an organism to grow and develop; however, accumulation of harmful substances can also occur.


title: Bioaccumulation

text: An example of poisoning in the workplace can be seen from the phrase "mad as a hatter" (18th and 19th century England). The process for stiffening the felt used in making hats more than a hundred years ago involved mercury, which forms organic species such as methylmercury, which is lipid-soluble, and tends to accumulate in the brain, resulting in mercury poisoning. Other lipid-soluble (fat-soluble) poisons include tetraethyllead compounds (the lead in leaded petrol), and DDT. These compounds are stored in the bodyfat, and when the fatty tissues are used for energy, the compounds are released and cause acute poisoning.


title: Bioaccumulation

text: Strontium-90, part of the fallout from atomic bombs, is chemically similar enough to calcium that it is utilized in osteogenesis, where its radiation can cause damage for a long time.


title: Bioaccumulation

text: Some animal species exhibit bioaccumulation as a mode of defense; by consuming toxic plants or animal prey, a species may accumulate the toxin, which then presents a deterrent to a potential predator. One example is the tobacco hornworm, which concentrates nicotine to a toxic level in its body as it consumes tobacco plants.


title: Bioaccumulation

text: Other compounds that are not normally considered toxic can be accumulated to toxic levels in organisms. The classic example is of vitamin A, which becomes concentrated in carnivore livers of e.g. polar bears: as a pure carnivore that feeds on other carnivores (seals), they accumulate extremely large amounts of vitamin A in their livers. It was known by the native peoples of the Arctic that the livers of carnivores should not be eaten, but Arctic explorers have suffered hypervitaminosis A from eating the livers of bears (and there has been at least one example of similar poisoning of Antarctic explorers eating husky dog livers). One notable example of this is the expedition of Sir Douglas Mawson, where his exploration companion died from eating the liver of one of their dogs.


title: Bioaccumulation

text: Coastal fish (such as the smooth toadfish) and seabirds (such as the Atlantic puffin) are often monitored for heavy metal bioaccumulation. Methylmercury gets into freshwater systems through industrial emissions and rain. As its concentration increases up the food web, it can reach dangerous levels for both fish and the humans who rely on fish as a food source.


title: Bioaccumulation

text: Naturally produced toxins can also bioaccumulate. The marine algal blooms known as "red tides" can result in local filter-feeding organisms such as mussels and oysters becoming toxic; coral reef fish can be responsible for the poisoning known as ciguatera when they accumulate a toxin called ciguatoxin from reef algae.


title: Bioaccumulation

text: In some eutrophic aquatic systems, biodilution can occur. This trend is a decrease in a contaminant with an increase in trophic level and is due to higher concentrations of algae and bacteria to "dilute" the concentration of the pollutant.


title: Bioaccumulation

text: Wetland acidification can raise the chemical or metal concentrations which lead to an increased bioavailability in marine plants and freshwater biota. Plants situated there which includes both rooted and submerged plants can be influenced by the bioavailability of metals.


title: Prince Charles of Luxembourg (born 2020)

text: Prince Charles of Luxembourg (Charles Jean Philippe Joseph Marie Guillaume; born 10 May 2020) is the only child of Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume and Hereditary Grand Duchess Stéphanie. He was born at Grand Duchess Charlotte Maternity Hospital in Luxembourg City. He is second in the line of succession to the throne of Luxembourg. His birth was celebrated by a 21-gun salute at Fort Thungen in Kirchberg.


text: On 19 September 2020, Prince Charles was baptised at the Abbey of St. Maurice and St. Maurus of Clervaux in Luxembourg. His godparents are his maternal aunt Countess Gaëlle de Lannoy and his paternal uncle Prince Louis of Luxembourg.


text: 10 May 2020 His Royal Highness Prince Charles of Luxembourg, Prince of Nassau, Prince of Bourbon-Parma (<nowiki>https://www.unofficialroyalty.com</nowiki>)


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: The 2007 SummerSlam was the 20th annual SummerSlam professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held for wrestlers from the promotion's Raw, SmackDown!, and ECW brand divisions. The event took place on August 26, 2007, at the Continental Airlines Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey. Tickets for SummerSlam went on sale December 30, 2006, and sold out in forty minutes.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: The main feud, a staged rivalry between wrestlers, heading into the event from the Raw brand was between John Cena and Randy Orton. On the July 23 episode of "Raw", Jonathan Coachman announced Orton as the number one contender to the WWE Championship. Over the proceeding weeks, Orton provoked Cena by interfering and attacking him during his matches. From SmackDown!, the predominant feud was between The Great Khali and Batista. After Khali defeated Batista and Kane in a Triple Threat match, Theodore Long booked Khali to defend the World Heavyweight Championship against Batista at SummerSlam. The primary feud from ECW was between John Morrison and CM Punk. By defeating Morrison in a 15 Minutes of Fame match, Punk became the number one contender to the ECW Championship at SummerSlam.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: Several of the existing feuds carried on after the event. Notably, CM Punk continued to face John Morrison, defeating him for the ECW Championship the following month on "ECW on Sci Fi". The day after SummerSlam, Orton, as part of the scripted events, interfered in a match between Cena and King Booker and intensified the feud by attacking Cena's father. Khali and Batista faced each other at Unforgiven, the following pay-per-view, as part of a Triple Threat match; Batista was victorious in this match and won the World Heavyweight Championship.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: SummerSlam is an annual pay-per-view (PPV), produced every summer by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) since 1988. Dubbed "The Biggest Party of the Summer," it is one of the promotion's original four pay-per-views, along with WrestleMania, Royal Rumble, and Survivor Series, referred to as the "Big Four". It has since become considered WWE's second biggest event of the year behind WrestleMania. The 2007 event was the 20th event in the SummerSlam chronology and was scheduled to be held on August 26, 2007, at the Continental Airlines Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey. It featured wrestlers from the Raw, SmackDown!, and ECW brands.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: WWE had originally planned a storyline between the cast of the "Jackass" television series and Umaga, with the conclusion in a match at SummerSlam. It was scheduled to begin at the previous pay-per-view event, The Great American Bash, but was canceled after the "Jackass" cast dropped out due to the negative media attention surrounding the Chris Benoit double murder and suicide. However, 14 years later, the "Jackass" cast and Johnny Knoxville himself would later have a match at WrestleMania 38 against Sami Zayn.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: The main staged rivalry heading into SummerSlam on the Raw brand was between John Cena and Randy Orton over the WWE Championship. At The Great American Bash, Cena defeated Bobby Lashley to retain the WWE Championship. The next night on "Raw", after a Handicap match involving Cena, Orton came out and executed an RKO on Cena. Shortly thereafter, Executive Assistant Jonathan Coachman announced Orton as the new number-one contender to the WWE Championship. Before that, Orton claimed that he had never faced Cena in a one-on-one WWE Championship match. On the July 30 episode of "Raw", Carlito defeated Cena in a non-title match after Orton interfered and distracted Cena. Three weeks later, on the August 18 episode of "Saturday Night's Main Event XXXV", Cena faced off against Carlito in another non-title match, which Cena won. After the match, Orton came out and attacked Cena, which led to a RKO from Orton through a steel chair.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: The main storyline on the SmackDown! brand was between The Great Khali and Batista over the World Heavyweight Championship. On the July 6 episode of "SmackDown!", Khali issued an open challenge for a match at The Great American Bash, which was accepted by Batista later that night. On "SmackDown!" the following week, the match between Khali and Batista was made official after a contract signing. That same night, then-World Heavyweight Champion Edge, who was scheduled to face Kane for the title at The Great American Bash, suffered a legitimate injury—a left pectoral muscle tear—after Kane interrupted his Mardi Gras style celebration.<ref name="sd-7/20"></ref> On the July 20 episode of "SmackDown!", Edge was forced to vacate the World Heavyweight Championship due to the severity of his injury. He later commented-


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: SmackDown! General Manager Theodore Long then announced that there would be a 20-man Battle Royal later that night to determine a new World Heavyweight Champion. Khali won the Battle Royal and became the new World Heavyweight Champion by last eliminating Kane and Batista. Khali defeated the two and retained the title at The Great American Bash. Five days later on "SmackDown!", Batista interrupted Khali's celebration and challenged him to a match at SummerSlam. The next week, on the August 3 episode of "SmackDown!", Long announced that Khali would defend his title against Batista at SummerSlam.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: Another main rivalry on the Raw brand heading into SummerSlam was between the returning Triple H against King Booker. At New Year's Revolution, during a World Tag Team Championship match between Rated-RKO (Edge and Randy Orton) and D-Generation X (Shawn Michaels and Triple H), Triple H suffered a legitimate torn right quadriceps during the match that left him out of action. On the July 16 episode of "Raw", Booker entered using Triple H's entrance music "King of Kings". Booker declared that neither Triple H nor Jerry Lawler could be known as "The King". On the August 6 episode of "Raw", Booker defeated Lawler in a match where the loser had to crown the winner the next week. When the time came, Lawler refused, declaring that Triple H was still a king and announcing that Booker would face Triple H at SummerSlam. Booker then attacked Lawler, throwing him into the ring post and hitting him with a television monitor.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: The predominant staged rivalry from the ECW brand was between John Morrison and CM Punk over the ECW Championship. Morrison (then known as Johnny Nitro) won the vacant title at defeating Punk. At The Great American Bash, Morrison defeated Punk to retain the championship. On the July 31 episode of "ECW", Punk defeated Tommy Dreamer and Elijah Burke in a Triple threat match to earn a 15 Minutes of Fame match with Morrison. The following week on "ECW", Punk defeated Morrison by pinfall after executing a GTS (Go To Sleep). As a result of this victory, Punk earned himself a championship match against Morrison at SummerSlam.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: One of the primary preliminary matches was a standard one-on-one match between Rey Mysterio and Chavo Guerrero. Their storyline first began in July 2006 at The Great American Bash. Guerrero interfered in Mysterio's World Heavyweight Championship match with King Booker by hitting Mysterio with a steel chair, costing him the championship. Guerrero defeated Mysterio the following month at SummerSlam 2006, winning the match after performing a frog splash At No Mercy, Mysterio defeated Guerrero in a Falls Count Anywhere match, pinning him after performing a crossbody off a guard rail. On the October 20 episode of "SmackDown!", Guerrero defeated Mysterio in an "I Quit" match by forcing him to quit after hitting his left knee repeatedly with a steel chair. During the match, Mysterio suffered a real injury—an ACL and patella tendon tear in his left knee. Ten months later, on the August 3 episode of "SmackDown!", a match between Mysterio and Guerrero was booked for SummerSlam.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: Before the event went live on pay-per-view, World Tag Team Champions Lance Cade and Trevor Murdoch defeated Paul London and Brian Kendrick in a dark match.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: The first match that aired was between Kane and Finlay. Kane controlled the opening minutes of the match, performing a variety of moves including a scoop slam and a big boot. After some back and forth action, Finlay was able to hit Kane with a shillelagh in the ribs. Kane kicked out of the pin attempt and executed a chokeslam, pinning him afterwards for the win.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: Next was a Triple Threat match for the WWE Intercontinental Championship that involved Umaga, Carlito, and Mr. Kennedy. Kennedy attempted to form an alliance with Carlito in the beginning, but Umaga quickly turned the match in his favor. Kennedy and Carlito soon gained the upper hand after Carlito dropkicked Umaga to the outside. Shortly thereafter, Carlito turned on Kennedy and attempted to pin him with a roll-up. After a back and forth match between the three, Umaga regained control and performed a Samoan Spike on Kennedy, which led to Umaga pinning Kennedy for the win and successfully retaining the WWE Intercontinental Championship.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: The third match was Rey Mysterio versus Chavo Guerrero, which was Mysterio's first match since Guerrero injured his knee in October 2006. Mysterio gained the early advantage when he was able to perform an arm drag and a plancha on Guerrero. Mysterio then performed a low dropkick to Guerrero's left knee, followed by a diving hurricanrana. Towards the end of the match, Guerrero was able to perform a Gory Bomb on Mysterio after Mysterio had missed a crossbody. Mysterio kicked out of the pin attempt and performed a 619 followed by a springboard splash for the pinfall victory.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: Next was an Interpromotional Divas Battle Royal involving Beth Phoenix, Melina, Mickie James, Jillian Hall, and Maria from Raw, Michelle McCool, Torrie Wilson, Kristal, and Victoria from SmackDown, and Kelly Kelly, Layla, and Brooke from ECW. Shortly after the match began, Phoenix threw Brooke over the top rope. Soon after, Hall eliminated Maria and Layla was thrown out by Melina. Kristal then eliminated Victoria, but was then thrown over the ropes by James and accidentally knocked off the apron by McCool. Shortly after, Phoenix and Hall eliminated Kelly, and Hall and James began pulling each other over the ropes. Wilson threw Hall out to the floor whilst Melina knocked James off the apron. McCool and Wilson then worked together to eliminate Melina. The two continued their alliance, but Phoenix was able to get the upper hand, first eliminating Wilson, followed by throwing McCool over the ropes to win the match and a future WWE Women's Championship match.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: Shortly after the match ended, WWE United States Champion Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP) came to the ring and challenged Matt Hardy to a beer drinking contest. Hardy declined and named a replacement, Stone Cold Steve Austin. Austin came out and mocked MVP by doing several warm-up exercises similar to those MVP does before a match. As the contest was set to start, Austin delivered a Stone Cold Stunner to MVP and left the ring.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: Next on the card was John Morrison versus CM Punk for the ECW Championship. Punk gained early control when he was able to perform a scoop slam as well as a springboard dropkick; however, Morrison was able to counter a shoulder block attempt into a neckbreaker on the ring apron. After Morrison controlled the match for several minutes, Punk was able to put the match back in his favor after performing a diving crossbody followed by an enzuigiri. Morrison, however, countered a Frankensteiner attempt into a pin-cover while using the ropes for leverage. He got the win, thus retaining the ECW Championship.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: The sixth match of the event was between the returning Triple H and King Booker, who was accompanied by Queen Sharmell. Triple H gained the early advantage as the match began; however, Booker was able to gain control after performing a low dropkick. Triple H regained control after countering Booker and performing a variety of moves, which included a corner clothesline and a spinebuster. Booker put the match back in his favor after reversing a clothesline attempt into a Book End, which was followed by a sidewalk slam. After Booker missed a diving somersault leg drop, Triple H was able to recover and perform a Pedigree. Triple H pinned Booker afterwards to gain the victory.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: The World Heavyweight Championship match between champion The Great Khali and challenger Batista was next. Khali controlled most of the match and performed a variety of moves, which included a brain chop, a big boot, and multiple clotheslines. Batista won the match after Khali intentionally disqualified himself by hitting him with a steel chair. Since a championship cannot change hands via countout or disqualification, Khali retained the title. Following the match, Khali attempted to hit Batista with another chairshot only for Batista to duck it and spear Khali. Batista would then use the chair to his advantage and hit Khali with it multiple times.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: Next was the main event, which saw John Cena defend the WWE Championship against Randy Orton. After back and forth action in the opening minutes, Orton gained the advantage over Cena after Cena missed a flying shoulder block attempt. Orton followed up by applying a reverse chinlock and attacking Cena's leg. After Orton controlled the match for several minutes, Cena gained the advantage and performed various maneuvers, which included a twisting belly to belly side slam and the Five Knuckle Shuffle; Orton, however, was able to counter an FU attempt into an inverted headlock backbreaker. Cena countered a running punt attempt into the STFU submission hold. Orton, however, got to the bottom rope, and performed an RKO. Cena kicked out of the pin attempt and performed an FU for the pinfall victory, thus retaining the WWE Championship.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: Tickets for SummerSlam went on sale December 30, 2006, and sold out in forty minutes. The event grossed over US$1 million in ticket sales from an attendance of 17,441 out of a 17,040 maximum capacity building. Due to the production of the event, however, the capacity of the arena was set at a lower standard, and as a result the arena reached its maximum capacity. This was confirmed by the ticket sales and by WWE's official website on August 28, 2007. According to a press release by WWE in late 2007, the event received 537,000 buys, which was higher than the previous year's SummerSlam buys of 529,000. The buys from SummerSlam helped the promotion's revenue, which was $18.8 million, a sum lower than the prior year of $19.7 million. Canadian Online Explorer and its professional wrestling section rated the entire event a 6.5 out of 10. The rating was higher than the previous year's SummerSlam rating, a 5.5 out of 10. The main event from the Raw brand was rated a 7.5 out of 10; while the main event from the SmackDown brand was rated a 1 out of 10.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: The event was released on DVD on September 25, 2007. The DVD was distributed by the label, Genius Products. The DVD reached a peak position of first on "Billboard"'s Weekly Video Sales chart for the week of October 27, 2007. The DVD remained on the charts for twelve consecutive weeks; though, after the week of October 27, 2007, the DVD ranked lower. During its final week on the chart, January 18, 2008, it ranked 19th. The DVD also received reviews from customers, as the average customer rating from Amazon.com was a 3.5 out of 5. The average customer rating however, from CD Universe was a 5 out of 5 stars.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: During the event, John Cena provoked his feud with Randy Orton. On the August 27 episode of "Raw", Cena faced King Booker in a non-title match. When Cena appeared close to winning, Orton interfered and attacked him, causing Cena to win by disqualification. After the match ended, Orton attacked Cena's father, who was sitting at ringside, and kicked him in the head. The two faced each other in a rematch at Unforgiven for the WWE Championship. Cena was disqualified in the match for continuously punching Orton. Orton won the match but not the title. Afterwards, Cena's father kicked Orton in the head, in the same way Orton had kicked him one-month prior.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: On the August 31 episode of "SmackDown!", Rey Mysterio, Finlay, Kane, and Batista participated in a four-man Championship Competition tournament. Mysterio defeated Batista and Finlay and became the number-one contender for the World Heavyweight Championship at Unforgiven. On the September 7 episode of "SmackDown!", Mysterio defeated Chavo Guerrero in an "I Quit" match. After the match, The Great Khali attacked Mysterio until Batista came out and executed a spear on Khali. Batista was then included in the one-on-one title match at Unforgiven, making it a Triple Threat match. At Unforgiven, Batista won the championship for a third time.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: The feud between Matt Hardy and Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP) continued when they were forced to team up against Deuce 'n Domino on the August 31 episode of "SmackDown!". They won the match and the WWE Tag Team Championship. The following month at Unforgiven, MVP and Hardy defeated Deuce 'n Domino to retain the WWE Tag Team Championship. In October, at No Mercy, Hardy defeated MVP in a pizza-eating contest. On the November 16 episode of "SmackDown!", MVP and Hardy lost the WWE Tag Team Championship to the team of John Morrison and The Miz.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: Umaga lost the WWE Intercontinental Championship to Jeff Hardy on the September 3 episode of "Raw". Afterwards, Umaga started a feud with Triple H and faced off against him in a Street Fight two months later at Cyber Sunday. At Unforgiven, Candice Michelle defeated Beth Phoenix to retain the WWE Women's Championship. Phoenix, however, later defeated Candice at No Mercy to win the title. On the September 4 episode of "ECW on Sci Fi", CM Punk defeated John Morrison to win the ECW Championship. At Cyber Sunday, Punk retained the title by defeating The Miz. The following month, at Survivor Series, Punk defeated Morrison and The Miz in a Triple Threat match to retain the ECW Championship.


title: SummerSlam (2007)

text: This was the last SummerSlam ever to be in 4:3 format, as in January 2008, all WWE shows went into high definition.


title: Loop antenna

text: A loop antenna is a radio antenna consisting of a loop or coil of wire, tubing, or other electrical conductor, that is usually fed by a balanced source or feeding a balanced load. Within this physical description there are two (possibly three) distinct types:


title: Loop antenna

text: For all of the large loops described in this section, the radio's operating frequency is assumed to be tuned to the loop antenna's first resonance. At that frequency, one whole wavelength is slightly smaller than the perimeter of the loop, which is the smallest that a "large" loop can be.


title: Loop antenna

text: Self-resonant loop antennas for so-called “short” wave frequencies are relatively large, with a perimeter just greater than the intended wavelength of operation, hence for circular loops diameters between roughly 175 ft (53 m) at the largest, around 1.8 MHz. At higher frequencies their sizes become smaller, falling to a diameter of about 11 ft (3.4 m) at 30 MHz.


title: Loop antenna

text: Large loop antennas can be thought of as a folded dipole whose parallel wires have been split apart and opened out into some oval or polygonal shape. The loop's shape can be a circle, triangle, square, rectangle, or in fact any closed polygon, but for resonance the loop perimeter must be slightly larger than a wavelength.


title: Loop antenna

text: Loop antennas may be in the shape of a circle, a square or any other closed geometric shape that allows the total perimeter to be slightly more than one wavelength. The most popular shape in amateur radio is the quad antenna or "quad", a self-resonant loop in a square shape so that it can be constructed of wire strung across a supporting ‘’ shaped frame. There may be one or more additional loops stacked parallel to the first as parasitic elements or driven elements, creating an antenna array which is unidirectional with increased gain. This design can also be turned 45 degrees to a diamond shape supported on a ‘’ shaped frame. Triangular loops have also been used for vertical loops, since they require only one elevated support. A rectangle twice as high as its width obtains slightly increased gain and also matches 50 Ω directly if used as a single element.


title: Loop antenna

text: Unlike a dipole antenna, the polarization of a resonant loop antenna is not obvious from the orientation of the loop itself, but depends on the placement of its feedpoint.


title: Loop antenna

text: If a vertically oriented loop is fed at the bottom, its radiation will be horizontally polarized; feeding it from the side will make it vertically polarized.


title: Loop antenna

text: The radiation pattern of a first-resonance loop antenna peaks at right angles to the plane of the loop. At the lower shortwave frequencies a full loop is physically quite large, and can practically only be installed "lying flat", with the plane of the loop horizontal to the ground, consisting of wires supported at the same height by masts along its perimeter. This results in horizontally-polarized radiation peaking toward the vertical which is generally less desired.


title: Loop antenna

text: Above about 10 MHz the loop is approximately 10 meters in diameter, and it becomes more practical for the loop to be mounted "standing up" – that is with the plane of the loop vertical, in order to direct its main beam towards the horizon. If small enough, it may be attached to an antenna rotator in order to rotate that direction as desired. Compared to a dipole or folded dipole, a vertical large loop wastes less radiated power toward the sky or ground, resulting in about 1.5 dB higher gain in the two favored horizontal directions.


title: Loop antenna

text: Additional gain (and a uni-directional radiation pattern) is usually obtained with an array of such elements either as a driven endfire array or in a Yagi configuration (with all but one loop being parasitic elements). The latter is widely used in amateur radio in the "quad" configuration (see photo).