title: Benjani Mwaruwari

text: "In relation to Benjani's transfer, the enquiry also has identified concerns regarding the role of (agent) Teni Yerima and (third party) Ralph N'Komo."


title: Benjani Mwaruwari

text: Benjani failed to score in his first fourteen games for the club, but became a crowd favourite because of his high workrate and assists for other players. Benjani finally got his first goal for Portsmouth against Wigan Athletic on 29 April 2006 in a 2–1 victory which saw Portsmouth avoid relegation from the Premier League. On 29 September 2007, Benjani scored three goals for Portsmouth in a 7–4 win over Reading, which broke the record for the most goals scored in a Premier League match. After Portsmouth's visit to Wigan on 20 October, Benjani became the Premier League's top scorer.


title: Benjani Mwaruwari

text: Portsmouth boss Harry Redknapp banned Benjani from taking any further penalties after he missed a spot-kick in second-half injury time in a home game against West Ham United. He then made amends for his miss scoring in the 4–1 victory over Newcastle United to bring his total to eight for the season. He then scored his ninth of the season, albeit a consolation goal in a 4–1 defeat at Liverpool. On 19 January 2008, Benjani earned his second Portsmouth hat-trick, scoring all of his side's goals in a 3–1 victory over Derby County at Fratton Park. This took his tally for the season to 12 and subsequently resulted in him revising his target for the season, which had been 10.


title: Benjani Mwaruwari

text: Benjani's goalscoring form during the first half of the 2007–08 season cemented Manchester City manager Sven-Göran Eriksson's interest in the striker, and on 31 January 2008 he had a bid of around £7.6 million accepted for the transfer of the player. However, it was revealed that Benjani had missed two successive planes to Manchester, meaning he did not arrive at the club's training ground until 11:10 pm, leaving insufficient time to complete a move before the midnight deadline. Portsmouth had already confirmed the signing of Benjani's replacement, Jermain Defoe from Tottenham Hotspur.


title: Benjani Mwaruwari

text: A transfer was completed for Benjani to move to Manchester City on 5 February 2008 for a fee of £3.87 million on a two-and-a-half-year deal. Further payments could be made if the player makes up to 75 senior starts which would raise the fee to a total of £7.6 million. His wage was reported at £50,000 a week His debut came on 10 February 2008 against rivals Manchester United in a 2–1 victory to City. He scored the second goal from a header in his first Manchester derby. His first goal at the City of Manchester Stadium was against his former club Portsmouth on 20 April 2008, although Benjani refused to celebrate after the goal out of respect for his former club, stating in a post match interview that he would never celebrate a goal against Portsmouth because the club and its fans had been so good to him. His next goal came in the 3–2 home loss against Fulham.


title: Benjani Mwaruwari

text: After a lengthy thigh injury, Benjani made a goal scoring return for the reserves, before following this up days later by making an impact as a second half substitute, scoring what would be the winning goal in City's 3–2 win over Twente. He scored again in the UEFA Cup with an away goal against Schalke 04. His former club Portsmouth were fined £15,000 for his transfer to and from the club, after they were found to have breached transfer rules.


title: Benjani Mwaruwari

text: Benjani entered talks with Hull City over a transfer to the club in August 2009, but negotiations ended after he failed to agree personal terms. He was also linked with a return to former club Portsmouth as well as West Ham and Stoke City of the Premier League and League Two club Notts County.


title: Benjani Mwaruwari

text: Under new Manchester City manager Roberto Mancini, Benjani started his first game of the 2009–10 season in a third round FA Cup tie away to Middlesbrough on 2 January 2010, during which he scored the only goal just before half-time in a 1–0 win.


title: Benjani Mwaruwari

text: On 8 June 2010, it was announced that Benjani's contract had expired and that he would be leaving the club, along with Sylvinho, Karl Moore and Martin Petrov.


title: Benjani Mwaruwari

text: On 2 February 2010, Benjani moved to Sunderland on loan until the end of the season, after the Premier League confirmed that the paperwork had been completed before the transfer deadline. On 18 May 2010, Steve Bruce confirmed that Benjani would not be offered a permanent deal.


title: Benjani Mwaruwari

text: After a month of being a free agent and considering his options, it was revealed that Benjani was training with Premier League team Blackburn Rovers in the hopes of earning a deal with the club. On 27 August, he signed a one-year deal with Blackburn, with an option of a further year at Ewood Park. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw against Fulham at Ewood Park on 18 September, replacing Nikola Kalinić in the 65th minute of the game. He made his first start for Blackburn against Aston Villa in the third round of the League Cup, at Villa Park on 22 September. He scored the first goal, a glancing header, in Blackburn's home game to Chelsea, on 30 October in the 21st minute, in a 2–1 defeat playing 46 minutes and being substituted by fellow striker Jason Roberts. He made his 10th appearance for the club as a substitute against West Ham in a 1–1 draw on 18 December. Also against West Ham he miss kicked a clear shooting opportunity which fell to captain and New Zealand skipper Ryan Nelsen who also sliced it but in the end he scored with the ball deflecting in off his thigh. On 5 January 2011, he scored two goals against Liverpool in a 3–1 win at Ewood Park.


title: Benjani Mwaruwari

text: On 21 July 2011, Benjani declined the new contract terms offered to him by Rovers and left the club. In August 2011, he began training with Conference National side Stockport County who were managed by Benjani's former Manchester City teammate Dietmar Hamann.


title: Benjani Mwaruwari

text: On 13 August 2011 (his 33rd birthday), it was announced that Benjani had re-signed for Portsmouth. He was unveiled to the crowd at Fratton Park before the Championship clash against Brighton & Hove Albion after signing a one-year deal. His first match was against Reading on 16 August 2011 as a 75th-minute substitute. He scored his first goal in his second spell for Portsmouth in a 3–2 defeat at home to Peterborough United on 27 September 2011. Benjani, however, played less under manager Michael Appleton and could not produce his form like he did in his previous spell at Portsmouth. After a poor season, Benjani was not offered a new contract and was subsequently released. After his release, Benjani wrote a goodbye message to Portsmouth fans, saying:


title: Benjani Mwaruwari

text: On 1 October 2012, it was announced that Benjani had joined Supersport United on a one-year deal. The deal later collapsed.


title: Benjani Mwaruwari

text: On 27 February 2013, it was announced that Benjani had joined Chippa United on a deal until the end of the season. Chippa United Head of Communication, Lukanyo Mzinzi confirmed that Benjani would move to Chippa, and revealed they have the option to renew Benjani's contract, that expires at the end of the current season. He made his debut on 6 March 2013 against Kaizer Chiefs. In 2020, he was the coach for Evercreech Rovers in the Mid-Somerset football league.


title: Benjani Mwaruwari

text: Benjani is a former captain of the Zimbabwe national team, having taken the armband from former Coventry City, Birmingham, Sheffield United and Huddersfield Striker Peter Ndlovu when he retired from international football after the 2006 African Cup of Nations. He is the third Zimbabwean to play in the Premier League after goalkeeper Bruce Grobbelaar, who played for Liverpool, and Peter Ndlovu, who played for Coventry City and Sheffield United amongst others.


title: Benjani Mwaruwari

text: During the run up to the 2006 African Cup of Nations, Benjani provided the funding for the senior national team's stay in France when they were preparing for the competition.


title: Benjani Mwaruwari

text: Benjani retired from international football on 11 October 2010, following Zimbabwe's 0–0 draw with Cape Verde. He gained 24 international caps, scoring four goals.


title: Antipositivism

text: In social science, antipositivism (also interpretivism, negativism or antinaturalism) is a theoretical stance that proposes that the social realm cannot be studied with the methods of investigation utilized within the natural sciences, and that investigation of the social realm requires a different epistemology. Fundamental to that antipositivist epistemology is the belief that the concepts and language that researchers use in their research shape their perceptions of the social world they are investigating and defining.


title: Antipositivism

text: Interpretivism (anti-positivism) developed among researchers dissatisfied with post-positivism, the theories of which they considered too general and ill-suited to reflect the nuance and variability found in human interaction. Because the values and beliefs of researchers cannot fully be removed from their inquiry, interpretivists believe research "on" human beings "by" human beings cannot yield objective results. Thus, rather than seeking an objective perspective, interpretivists look for meaning in the subjective experiences of individuals engaging in social interaction. Many interpretivist researchers immerse themselves in the social context they are studying, seeking to understand and formulate theories about a community or group of individuals by observing them from the inside. Interpretivism is an inductive practice influenced by philosophical frameworks such as hermeneutics, phenomenology, and symbolic interactionism. Interpretive methods are used in many fields of the social sciences, including history, sociology, political science, anthropology, and others.


title: Antipositivism

text: Beginning with Giambattista Vico, in the early eighteenth century, and later with Montesquieu, the study of natural history and human history were separate fields of intellectual enquiry. Natural history is not under human control, whereas human history is a human creation. As such, antipositivism is informed by an epistemological distinction between the natural world and the social realm. The natural world can only be understood by its external characteristics, whereas the social realm can be understood externally and internally, and thus can be known.


title: Antipositivism

text: In the early nineteenth century, intellectuals, led by the Hegelians, questioned the prospect of empirical social analysis. Karl Marx died before the establishment of formal social science, but nonetheless rejected the sociological positivism of Auguste Comte—despite his attempt to establish a historical materialist science of society.


title: Antipositivism

text: The enhanced positivism of Émile Durkheim served as foundation of modern academic sociology and social research, yet retained many mechanical elements of its predecessor. Hermeneuticians such as Wilhelm Dilthey theorized in detail on the distinction between natural and social science ('Geisteswissenschaft'), whilst neo-Kantian philosophers such as Heinrich Rickert maintained that the social realm, with its abstract meanings and symbolisms, is inconsistent with scientific methods of analysis. Edmund Husserl, meanwhile, negated positivism through the rubric of phenomenology.


title: Antipositivism

text: At the turn of the twentieth century, the first wave of German sociologists formally introduced "verstehende" (interpretive) sociological antipositivism, proposing research should concentrate on human cultural norms, values, symbols, and social processes viewed from a resolutely subjective perspective. As an antipositivist, however, one seeks relationships that are not as "ahistorical, invariant, or generalizable" as those pursued by natural scientists.


title: Antipositivism

text: The interaction between theory (or constructed concepts) and data is always fundamental in social science and this subjection distinguishes it from physical science. Durkheim himself noted the importance of constructing concepts in the abstract (e.g. "collective consciousness" and "social anomie") in order to form workable categories for experimentation. Both Weber and Georg Simmel pioneered the verstehen (or 'interpretative') approach toward social science; a systematic process in which an outside observer attempts to relate to a particular cultural group, or indigenous people, on their own terms and from their own point of view.


title: Antipositivism

text: Through the work of Simmel in particular, sociology acquired a possible character beyond positivist data-collection or grand, deterministic systems of structural law. Relatively isolated from the sociological academy throughout his lifetime, Simmel presented idiosyncratic analyses of modernity more reminiscent of the phenomenological and existential writers than of Comte or Durkheim, paying particular concern to the forms of, and possibilities for, social individuality. His sociology engaged in a neo-Kantian critique of the limits of human perception.


title: Antipositivism

text: Antipositivism thus holds there is no methodological unity of the sciences: the three goals of positivism - "description, control, and prediction" - are incomplete, since they lack any "understanding". Science aims at understanding causality so control can be exerted. If this succeeded in sociology, those with knowledge would be able to control the ignorant and this could lead to social engineering.


title: Antipositivism

text: This perspective has led to controversy over how one can draw the line between subjective and objective research, much less draw an artificial line between environment and human organization (see environmental sociology), and influenced the study of hermeneutics. The base concepts of antipositivism have expanded beyond the scope of social science, in fact, phenomenology has the same basic principles at its core. Simply put, positivists see sociology as a science, while anti-positivists do not.


title: Antipositivism

text: The antipositivist tradition continued in the establishment of critical theory, particularly the work associated with the Frankfurt School of social research. Antipositivism would be further facilitated by rejections of 'scientism'; or science "as ideology". Jürgen Habermas argues, in his "On the Logic of the Social Sciences" (1967), that "the positivist thesis of unified science, which assimilates all the sciences to a natural-scientific model, fails because of the intimate relationship between the social sciences and history, and the fact that they are based on a situation-specific understanding of meaning that can be explicated only hermeneutically ... access to a symbolically prestructured reality cannot be gained by observation alone."


title: Antipositivism

text: The sociologist Zygmunt Bauman argued that "our innate tendency to express moral concern and identify with the Other's wants is stifled in modernity by positivistic science and dogmatic bureaucracy. If the Other does not 'fit in' to modernity's approved classifications, it is liable to be extinguished."


title: Herbert von Bismarck

text: Nikolaus Heinrich Ferdinand Herbert, Prince of Bismarck (born Nikolaus Heinrich Ferdinand Herbert Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen; 28 December 1849 – 18 September 1904) was a German politician, who served as Foreign Secretary from 1886 to 1890. His political career was closely tied to that of his father, Otto von Bismarck, and he left office a few days after his father's dismissal. He succeeded his father as the 2nd Prince of Bismarck in 1898. He was born in Berlin and died in Friedrichsruh.


title: Herbert von Bismarck

text: Herbert von Bismarck born in Berlin, the oldest son of Otto von Bismarck and his wife, Johanna, née von Puttkamer. He had an older sister, Marie (b. 1847), and a younger brother, Wilhelm (b. 1852). He fought in the Franco-Prussian War, sustaining a bullet wound through the left leg during a cavalry charge at the Battle of Mars-La-Tour. He joined the diplomatic service in 1874 on his father's wishes. Bismarck attempted to gain influence with the heir to the German throne, Prince Wilhelm, by appealing to his narcissism. In June 1884, he wrote to thank Wilhelm for a portrait that Wilhelm had given to him after they returned from a state visit to Russia:


title: Herbert von Bismarck

text: Bismarck became Under-Secretary and acting head of the Foreign Office in 1885, and the following year, he was appointed the State Secretary for Foreign Affairs. He additionally was appointed Minister of State of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1888. He once said, "My father is the only person who can handle this business" In 1890, when Kaiser Wilhelm II called for the resignation of Otto von Bismarck as Chancellor, Herbert von Bismarck also resigned as State Secretary, despite Wilhelm attempts to retain him so that his "de facto" dismissal of his father would "look better in the eyes of the world".


title: Herbert von Bismarck

text: Bismarck had wanted to marry Princess Elisabeth von Carolath-Beuthen in 1881, but his father would not allow it, as she was a Catholic divorcée and was ten years older than Herbert. The Chancellor pressured his son with tears, blackmail and threats to disinherit him by getting Kaiser Wilhelm I to change the primogeniture statutes. That experience left Herbert a very bitter and alcoholic man. He once shot five bullets through a Foreign Office window, to be told he may have hit someone. He replied, "Officials have to be kept in a permanent state of irritation and alarm; the moment that ceases they stop working".


title: Herbert von Bismarck

text: On 21 June 1892 in Vienna, he married Countess Marguerite, Countess of Hoyos, a member of the originally-Spanish House of Hoyos from Hungary. She herself was half-English and a grand-daughter of Robert Whitehead, the inventor of the torpedo. They had five children:


title: Herbert von Bismarck

text: The capital of the German colonial administration of German New Guinea was called Herbertshöhe (now Kokopo) in his honor.


title: Blue Weekend

text: Blue Weekend is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Wolf Alice, released on 4 June 2021 through Dirty Hit. "Blue Weekend" was preceded by four singles—"The Last Man on Earth", "Smile", "No Hard Feelings" and "How Can I Make It OK?". The album received widespread acclaim from music critics, with many naming it the band's best work, and was shortlisted for the Mercury Prize in 2021.


title: Blue Weekend

text: On 24 February 2021, Wolf Alice announced the album's title and initial release date of 11 June, alongside the release of lead single "The Last Man on Earth". On 3 May 2021, the band announced that they would be bringing the album's release earlier by one week, to 4 June.


title: Blue Weekend

text: "Blue Weekend" was preceded by four singles. "The Last Man on Earth" was released on 24 February 2021 as the album's lead single. It was premiered by Annie Mac on her


title: Blue Weekend

text: eponymous BBC Radio 1 Radio program, where Ellie Rowsell and Theo Ellis from the band co-hosted with her. The music video was released on YouTube an hour after Mac's radio show started.


title: Blue Weekend

text: "Smile" was released on 20 April 2021 as the album's second single. It was premiered the same way as its predecessor.


title: Blue Weekend

text: "No Hard Feelings" was released on 11 May 2021, an hour earlier than the previous two on Zane Lowe's Apple Music show, with the music video again released on YouTube an hour afterwards. "How Can I Make It OK?" was released on 3 June 2021 as the fourth and last single of the album along with a music video on YouTube.


title: Blue Weekend

text: "Blue Weekend" received widespread acclaim from music critics, many of whom described it as their best album. On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating of 100, the album received an average score of 91, based on 19 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". It was ranked as the third highest-rated album of 2021 on the website at the time of release.


title: Blue Weekend

text: Music publication "The Forty-Five" awarded the album 5/5 stars, calling "Blue Weekend" "a ballsy idyll of feeling: the sound of a band satisfying themselves rather than proving themselves, and completely filling the space they've carved out over the years."


title: Blue Weekend

text: "Blue Weekend" debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart with 36,182 copies sold in its first week, becoming Wolf Alice's first number-one album. It was the biggest-selling album of 2021 in UK independent record shops.


title: Adrián Luna

text: Adrián Nicolás Luna Retamar (born 12 April 1992) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder, winger or forward for Indian Super League club Kerala Blasters.


title: Adrián Luna

text: Born in Tacuarembó, Luna began his youth career at academies of Progreso, Montevideo Wanderers and Defensor Sporting in Uruguay. He was eventually promoted to Defensor's U-19 and first team in 2010. Luna made his first team debut with Defensor Sporting, on 6 February 2010, against Nacional.


title: Adrián Luna

text: In the 2010–11 season Luna was a regular starter for Defensor. He played 41 matches for the Uruguayan club and scored 6 goals.


title: Adrián Luna

text: However, in January 2012, Luna returned to Espanyol and signed a contract with CE Sabadell, in a six-month loan.


title: Adrián Luna

text: In August 2012, Luna was loaned to Club Nacional de Football, returning to his country. On 2 September 2013, his contract with Espanyol was rescinded.


title: Adrián Luna

text: In September 2015, Luna moved to Mexico, where he joined Liga MX club C.D. Veracruz on a two-year deal. On 4 September 2015, He was loaned out to Venados and represented the Mexican club for one season. He returned from loan in 2016, and went on to play for Veracruz in three seasons.


title: Adrián Luna

text: On 19 July 2019, Luna signed for Australian club Melbourne City on a two-year deal. In July 2021, Luna left the club at the end of his contract, having scored 8 goals in 51 appearances.


title: Adrián Luna

text: On 22 July 2021, Kerala Blasters announced that Luna had joined the Indian Super League club on a two-year deal. He made his debut for the club on 11 September 2021 against Indian Navy in the 2021 Durand Cup tournament. Luna scored from a penalty during the match and became the club's first ever goalscorer in Durand Cup. He made his first league appearance in the season opener against ATK Mohun Bagan FC on 19 November, which ended in a 4–2 defeat for Kerala Blasters. He was the assist provider of the second goal scored by Jorge Pereyra Díaz for the Blasters in the game. On 5 December 2021, Luna helped the Blasters to register their first victory of the season against Odisha FC by providing two assists in a match which they won 2–1, and was the recipient of the man of the match award in the game. He was again awarded with the man of the match award in the next game against SC East Bengal on 12 December, which they drew 1–1. Disappointed by the match officials, Luna expressed his frustration on the referees in the post-match conference. He scored his first league goal for the Blasters' in a 0–3 victory over rivals Chennaiyin FC on 22 December, and was again awarded with the man of the match award. On 2 January 2022, he scored his second goal in the match against FC Goa, where he scored a long-ranger from 30 yards out in a match that ended in a 2–2 draw. After the club captain Jessel Carnerio was declared injured, Luna spent much of the season as club captain in his absence. He played his first match as the captain against Odisha in the second phase of the season, where he assisted for two goals that helped Kerala Blasters to win the game 0–2 on 12 January 2022. He scored a brace against ATK Mohun Bagan on 19 February, where he netted his first goal through a free-kick, and following from the edge of the penalty box. The match in a 2–2 draw at full-time. Luna scored another free-kick in the following match against Chennaiyin on 26 February, which ensured the Blasters a 3–0 victory. His goal in the second leg of the semi-final match against Jamshedpur FC on 15 March sealed the Blasters a place in the final, as the Blasters won 2–1 on aggregate score, and qualified for the finals for the third time in their history.


title: Adrián Luna

text: On 7 October 2022, Luna helped the Blasters in a 3–1 victory against East Bengal in the 2022–23 season opener by scoring the first goal of the game. He teared up after scoring the goal, pointed to the sky and dedicated it to his daughter Julieta, who died on 9 April 2022. "It was a special goal for me because everyone knows what I’m going through…me, my wife, family, son. This goal was for my little daughter,” Luna said after the match. Luna scored his second goal of the season on 12 November against FC Goa, where he scored the opening goal of the match as the Blasters ended up winning the game 3–1 at full-time. On 4 December, Luna surprassed the club record of most appearances by a foreign player by making his 31st appearance for the Blasters in a 1–0 win against Jamshedpur FC, where he provided the assist for Dimitrios Diamantakos.


title: Adrián Luna

text: Luna has been capped by the Uruguay national under-17 football team for the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup. He has also represented Uruguay national under-20 football team for the 2011 South American Youth Championship and the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup. He has totally made 19 appearances across both the age groups.


title: Adrián Luna

text: On 4 July 2022, Luna revealed through social media that his six-year-old daughter Julieta died on 9 April 2022 after a battle with cystic fibrosis.


title: Emojipedia

text: Emojipedia is an emoji reference website which documents the meaning and common usage of emoji characters in the Unicode Standard. Most commonly described as an emoji encyclopedia or emoji dictionary, Emojipedia also publishes articles and provides tools for tracking new emoji characters, design changes and usage trends. It has been owned by Zedge since 2021.


title: Emojipedia

text: Jeremy Burge created Emojipedia in 2013, and told the "Hackney Gazette" "the idea came about when Apple added emojis to iOS 6, but failed to mention which ones were new".


title: Emojipedia

text: Emojipedia rose to prominence with the release of Unicode 7 in 2014, when "The Register" reported the "online encyclopedia of emojis has been chucked offline after vast numbers of people visited the site" in relation to the downtime experienced by the site at the time.


title: Emojipedia

text: In 2015, Emojipedia entered its first partnership with Quartz to release an app that allowed users access previously-hidden country flag emojis on iOS.


title: Emojipedia

text: Emojipedia told Business Insider in early-2016 that it served "over 140 million page views" per year, and was profitable. In mid-2016, Emojipedia "urged Apple to rethink its plan to convert the handgun emoji symbol into a water pistol icon" citing cross-platform confusion.


title: Emojipedia

text: In 2017 The Library of Congress launched the Web Cultures Web Archive which featured a history of memes, gifs, and emojis from references including Emojipedia, Boing Boing and GIPHY.


title: Emojipedia

text: "The Sydney Morning Herald" reported that the site served 23 million page views in October 2017. Total page views for 2013–2019 were said to have reached one billion by February 2019. "The New Yorker" reported Emojipedia served 50 million page views in April 2020.


title: Emojipedia

text: In February 2022, Keith Broni became Emojipedia's editor-in-chief, taking over from founder and chief emoji officer Jeremy Burge.


title: Emojipedia

text: In July 2022, Emojipedia would add multi-language support for the first time. Initially restricted to Spanish, German, French, Italian and Portuguese, support for 13 more languages (including India's most spoken languages in celebration of Diwali) would be introduced in October 2022.


title: Emojipedia

text: In 2016 an Emojipedia analysis showed that the peach emoji is most commonly used to represent buttocks.


title: Emojipedia

text: In 2017, after Google CEO Sundar Pichai pledged to "drop everything" to update Android's burger emoji, Emojipedia revealed the cheese layering issue had been resolved.


title: Emojipedia

text: In 2018 Emojipedia revealed that Apple planned to "fix" its bagel emoji design by adding cream cheese, following user complaints.


title: Emojipedia

text: A 2020 study by Emojipedia found that and were most used to represent COVID-19. Also in 2020, Emojipedia revealed that Apple's forthcoming iOS update would change the mask-wearing emoji to display a smiling face.


title: Emojipedia

text: In January 2021 Emojipedia reported that had been declared an emoji "for boomers" on TikTok, and in March 2021 published analysis showing had become the most used emoji on Twitter.


title: Emojipedia

text: World Emoji Day is a holiday created by Emojipedia in 2014 which is held on 17 July each year. According to "The New York Times" , 17 July was chosen due to the design of the calendar emoji (on iOS) showing this date.


title: Emojipedia

text: Emojipedia used the second annual World Emoji Day to release EmojiVote as "an experiment in Emoji democracy". In 2017–2020, Apple used this event to preview new emojis for iOS. Emojipedia reveals the winners of the World Emoji Awards each year, with past announcements held live at the New York Stock Exchange and National Museum of Cinema.


title: Emojipedia

text: Emojipedia launched "Adopt an Emoji" in September 2015 as "an attempt to make the site free of display ads" according to Wired. This preceded a similar program by the Unicode Consortium in December 2015.


title: Emojipedia

text: The Emojipedia "Adopt an Emoji" program was shut down in November 2016, citing confusion for users and advertisers due to the similarity with Unicode's fundraising effort.


title: Emojipedia

text: In 2018, Portland Maine's Press Herald reported that Senator Angus King had endorsed a new lobster emoji but Emojipedia's design was called out as "anatomically incorrect" due to an incorrect number of legs. The number of legs on Emojipedia's lobster design was subsequently fixed in a future release. Slate reported this as "a victory for scientists and lobster fans everywhere".


title: Emojipedia

text: Skater Tony Hawk criticized Emojipedia's skateboard design as being mid-'80s ... beginner-level' board 'definitely not representative' of the modern sport" and subsequently worked with the company to produce an updated design.


title: Emojipedia

text: On BBC Radio 4, Stephen Fry described Emojipedia as "a kind of Académie française for your iPhone" when assessing its impact on the English language.


title: Emojipedia

text: In 2018, Emojipedia was presented in the Federal Court of Australia as "a reputable website in telling us how to interpret these faces" by a lawyer for Geoffrey Rush during a defamation case against Nationwide News. This was in the context of interpreting an emoji sent by Rush to a fellow actor, which Rush described as "the looniest emoji I could find". Rush said he would have used an emoji of Groucho Marx or The Muppets' Fozzie Bear if they had been available. Reports indicate Rush's lawyer "attempted to hand up to Justice Michael Wigney a printout of the emoji's meaning from Emojipedia" but a barrister for Nationwide News objected, stating it "doesn't matter what Emojipedia says the emoji is". Justice Wigney agreed that an emoji definition "is in the eye of the beholder": inferring the context within the message was more important than the Emojipedia definition.


title: Emojipedia

text: In the 2020 case of Burrows v Houda, the District Court of New South Wales considered the use of emoji and whether it could constitute defamation. Judge Gibson referred to Emojipedia noting its definition of the zipper-mouth emoji to imply "a secret" or "stop talking", "in circumstances where a person impliedly knows the answer but is forbidden or reluctant to answer".


title: Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)

text: "Touch the Sky" is a song recorded by American hip hop artist Kanye West for his second studio album, "Late Registration" (2005). The song features Lupe Fiasco on his career debut. It was produced by Just Blaze, standing as the album's only track to not include production from West. The song was released in the United Kingdom as a digital EP through Roc-A-Fella and Def Jam on January 1, 2006. On February 14, the aforementioned labels serviced the song to US mainstream radio stations as the album's fourth single. The next month, it was released in various countries for digital download by Roc-A-Fella and Def Jam and as a CD single through Universal Music, respectively.


title: Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)

text: After Just Blaze played West multiple beats, "Touch the Sky" was the one that he felt most passionate about. It is a hip hop track that includes a slowed sample from the Curtis Mayfield song "Move On Up" (1971). The song's lyrics center around West encouraging others to have as much confidence in themselves as he does. It was met with universal acclaim from music critics, with Lupe Fiasco's appearance gathering praise from the majority of them, though some critics were complimentary towards the production. The accompanying music video was released in February 2006 and directed by Chris Milk. Within it, West portrays the daredevil Evel Kanyevel in homage to Evel Knievel's unsuccessful jump across the Snake River Canyon. Evel Knievel sued West over the video in December 2006, though the two ultimately settled the lawsuit in November 2007. The visual received multiple nominations at award shows.


title: Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)

text: "Touch the Sky" peaked at number 42 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 in 2006, while reaching the top 10 of the charts in Australia, Scotland and the UK. That same year, the song attained top 20 positions in Finland, Ireland, and New Zealand. It has since been certified platinum in the United States, the UK, and Australia by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), British Phonographic Industry (BPI) and Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), respectively. West performed the song live at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards, 2006 Brit Awards and "Saturday Night Live". The Milwaukee Brewers use this song for their home runs.


title: Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)

text: During a July 2014 interview with DJ Skee for SKEE TV, American rapper Lupe Fiasco revealed that he and West didn't meet through Chicago connections even though they both came from the city as West "was always in a different world." Initially, Lupe Fiasco didn't want to feature on "Touch the Sky", with him not "feeling the vibe" of the song at the time. After being persuaded by his partner telling him "Nah, you gotta trust me. You gotta do this," Lupe Fiasco ultimately agreed on the collaboration and stated of working with West that "from there on we kind of clicked up and kept it moving up until this day." The feature stands as Lupe Fiasco's career debut. American hip hop producer Just Blaze was asked to produce for West during a phone call with Roc-A-Fella Records, with the call leading to him being signed to the label and Just Blaze recalled "a lot of great music" being made. Throughout West's production career, comparisons have been made between him and Just Blaze.


title: Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)

text: A speed alteration method of sampling was first present within West's music on his debut single "Through the Wire" (2003) and this sampling method was used in West's music throughout his career. Just Blaze had been listening to American singer-songwriter Curtis Mayfield at the time of sampling his work. The song was one of the tracks that helped West achieve mainstream success in the United States. When guest-hosting the radio station Beats 1 in December 2015, Just Blaze shared a number of previously unheard records from Roc-A-Fella musicians. An alternative take on "Touch the Sky" with American singer Robert Glasper featured was among the records played by him.


title: Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)

text: Musically, "Touch the Sky" is a hip hop song. A slowed sample is included of Mayfield's 1971 recording "Move On Up" within the song, as written by him, alongside Latin horns. Lyrically, the song sees West give encouragement and inspiration to people for them to have a high level of self-confidence like him. A brief history of bright clothes in New York rap is provided by West, dating back to when he first signed to Roc-A-Fella years before the song's release. West insists with certain lyrics that even though he tried to right his wrongs, they helped him with songwriting. Lupe Fiasco performs the third verse, in which he uses a number of double entendres and metaphors.


title: Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)

text: Just Blaze solely handled the song's production, making it the only track on "Late Registration" to not be produced by West and also the only track from the album that the former worked on. He tried the Mayfield sample after nothing was really clicking in the studio and it was the beat that West felt passionate about when he played West multiple beats. When asked on Twitter about the story behind "Touch the Sky" in May 2016, Just Blaze revealed that he completed the production 20 minutes before West arrived at Baseline Studios. While "Touch the Sky" was produced by Just Blaze, the track was written by West, Lupe Fiasco and Justin Smith. It was recorded by Anthony Kilhoffer and Andrew Dawson at The Record Plant (Hollywood, CA) and Chalice Recording Studios (Hollywood, CA), respectively. The track was mixed by Mike Dean at Chalice Recording Studios, with assistant engineering from Richard Reitz, Matt Green, Nate Connelly and Mike Mo. Vlado Meller mastered the track.


title: Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)

text: "Touch the Sky" was released on August 30, 2005, as the third track on West's second studio album "Late Registration". On January 1, 2006, a digital EP was released in the United Kingdom for the song through West's labels Roc-A-Fella and Def Jam, which contains three tracks. The song was later sent to mainstream radio stations in the US by West's labels on February 2 as the album's fourth single. On March 7, it was released for digital download in numerous countries through Roc-A-Fella and Def Jam, with a radio edit and the instrumental included. A CD single was later released by Universal Music for the song on April 24, 2006, with the single consisting of three tracks.


title: Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)

text: The track received universal acclaim from music critics, who generally praised Lupe Fiasco's feature. Alexis Petridis of "The Guardian" pointed out the track as where West "wittily acknowledges the familiarity of the "Move on Up" (1971) sample by humming distractedly along." Sean Fennessey of "Pitchfork" called Lupe Fiasco an "impressive newcomer" and described Just Blaze's production on the track as "life-affirming." The lyrics "I'm trying to right my wrongs/ But it's funny, the same wrongs help me write the songs" were branded by Chris DeVille of "Stereogum" as "one of a handful of lines that could work as a thesis statement for Kanye West's career." DeVille elaborated: "He's as inflammatory and conflicted as ever here, and it lends "Late Registration" the same feeling of rawness and spontaneity that inspired Kanye's comment about George Bush." Keertana Sastry of "Bustle" ranked the track as the fourth best from the album and wrote of it: "Now this is the kind of monster hit track that I can get behind, and the track also gave us the genius that is Lupe Fiasco." David Browne of "Entertainment Weekly" called the track where West "throws his diploma-free success in our faces, marveling at his good fortune" and claimed for it to be "powered by" the sample of "Move on Up", while also writing of West's performance that he "can still be funny, as when he sings a snippet of 'Leaving on a Jet Plane'." In reference to the track's position on "Late Registration", Spence D. of "IGN" claimed: "The groove gets a slight bump, thanks to horns and a more energetic stance from West on 'Touch The Sky.'" He described Lupe Fiasco as "who offers up call-and-response chanting in an echo chamber manner before he drops a buttery verse toward the end of the track." Luke McManus of RTÉ cited the musical style of the song as being "sample-based and classic," claiming for the Mayfield sample to be in reference to "the golden age of 1970s soul."


title: Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)

text: "Live About" ranked the song at number 18 on their top 50 list of the best hip hop songs in 2005. On "Pitchfork" list of the 200 best songs from the 2000s, "Touch the Sky" was listed at number 157 and the staff described the song as "Kanye at his humblest: Detailing his struggles and failures before exploding into that glorious chorus, outsourcing the beat [from producer] Just Blaze because nobody could've flipped that Curtis Mayfield sample harder." "NME" placed it at number 18 on their list of West's 25 best songs, with Larry Bartleet of the publication calling the sample "the beaming basis for this tune." Lupe Fiasco's verse was ranked at number 50 on a list published by "Complex" of the 50 best guest verses of all time.


title: Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)

text: West financed the music video for "Touch the Sky" himself after he did not like the first version Def Jam paid for. Just Blaze commented on this in an interview: Prior to directing the music video, Chris Milk had directed for West in 2004 on the video for his single "All Falls Down". American rock band Fall Out Boy were originally supposed to star in it as reporters, though the band didn't appear due to being in Europe at the time of filming. The production cost for the video was approximately $1 million, which is the 25th most expensive music video of all time. The visual was debuted on MTV in February 2006, and filmed as a '70s style short movie about daredevil Evel Kanyevel, played by West, and his failed attempt to fly a rocket across the Grand Canyon. It was done in homage to Evel Knievel's unsuccessful jump across the Snake River Canyon in 1974 and West uses the music video to make fun of his huge ego. West also pokes fun at his anti-Bush outburst from 2005 and the possibility of his career arc ending with a crash-and-burn. The video features a cameo from Canadian-American actress Pamela Anderson, who opposes the daredevil character that West portrays. American actresses Nia Long and Tracee Ellis Ross also make appearances in it.


title: Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)

text: In December 2006, Evel Knievel filed a lawsuit against West in the U.S. District Court of Tampa, Florida for trademark infringement. Specifically, Knievel's lawsuit cites the red, white and blue costume worn by West in the music video as being a copy of the jumpsuit that the stuntman wore on a September 1974 "Sports Illustrated" cover when preparing for his Snake River Canyon jump, with him including a copy of the cover as an exhibit to the complaint. Evel Knievel also took issue with the persona put on by West. West's attorneys argued that the music video amounted to satire and therefore was covered under the First Amendment. Just days before his death in November 2007, Evel Knievel amicably settled the suit after being paid a visit from West, saying, "I thought he was a wonderful guy and quite a gentleman," and stated that him and West "settled the lawsuit amicably." However, the two of them made an agreement to not publicly discuss the terms of their dispute.


title: Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)

text: Sydney Scott of "Essence" pointed out the cameos within the music video as what "definitely made for an interesting video." West reacted negatively to the video not receiving any nominations at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards, saying during an interview, "It didn't get any nominations, but it's one of the most memorable videos of the year for me." However, at the 2006 MTV Europe Music Awards, the music video was nominated for Best Video. After not winning the latter award, West thought he should have won because the visual "cost a million dollars, Pamela Anderson was in it. I was jumping across canyons." The video earned a nomination for Best International Video - Artist at the 2006 MuchMusic Video Awards. It was nominated for Best Cinematography and Best Styling at the 2007 Music Video Production Awards. At the same ceremony, the music video was awarded Best Hip-Hop Video. "Complex" named it the fourth best music video of the 2000s decade.


title: Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)

text: Though not released as a single initially, "Touch the Sky" reached number 72 on the US "Billboard" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart for the issue dated November 5, 2005. After its single release, the song entered the US "Billboard" Hot 100 at number 90 for the issue date of February 25, 2006. On March 4, it climbed 20 places to number 70 on the chart. The song experienced a similar jump the next week, rising 18 places to number 52. After two weeks, the song then entered the top 50 of the Hot 100 on March 18 at number 47. The next week, it peaked at number 42 on the chart, attaining similar performance to West's single "Diamonds from Sierra Leone" that reached number 43 on the Hot 100 in 2005. "Touch the Sky" remained on the chart for a total of nine weeks. On the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, the song reached its peak of number 23 on March 11. That same week, the song attained its highest position on a "Billboard" chart by reaching number ten on the US Hot Rap Songs chart. The song peaked at number 35 on the US "Billboard" Mainstream Top 40 for the issue of March 25, 2006. On September 23, 2020, "Touch the Sky" was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shelving 1,000,000 certified units in the US.


title: Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)

text: The song had its best performance in the UK, peaking at number six on the UK Singles Chart, giving West his fifth top ten single in the country. It remained on the chart for a total of 15 weeks. On the year-end list of the best selling tracks in the UK for 2006, the song ranked at number 93. It was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for selling 600,000 sales-equivalent units on February 26, 2021. In Scotland, the song performed similarly, reaching number seven on the Scottish Singles Chart. It peaked at number 14 on the Irish Singles Chart, giving West his fourth top 20 single on the chart. Similarly, the song peaked at number 15 on the Finnish Singles Chart. "Touch the Sky" experienced less commercial success in the Russia and Germany charts, peaking at number 62 and 97, respectively.


title: Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)

text: "Touch the Sky" was successful in Australia, peaking at number ten on the ARIA Singles Chart; it stood as West's second top ten single in the country, following on from "Gold Digger" reaching number one in 2005. In 2015, the song was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for exceeding 70,000 shipped copies. On the NZ Singles Chart, the song reached number 16 and stayed on the chart for seven weeks. West had previously reached the same position in 2003 with "Through the Wire", which also remained on the NZ Singles Chart for seven weeks.


title: Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)

text: West's first televised live performance of "Touch the Sky" occurred at the premiere of season 31 of "Saturday Night Live", with West transitioning from a melody of "Gold Digger" into a performance of the song. On October 11, 2005, West performed it live as the opener to the kickoff show of the Touch the Sky Tour at the University of Miami's Convocation Center. During the performance, West wore a light-colored shirt and pants, a suit jacket and sunglasses with white frames. West requested the crowd to shout lyrics of the song and they followed through with his request. On September 29, 2005, a performance of the song was delivered by West at Abbey Road Studios in London for his 2006 live album "Late Orchestration". It was performed by West at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto as the opener again to a concert of the Touch The Sky Tour on November 9, 2005. West performed a medley of "Touch the Sky", "Stronger" (2007), "Good Life" (2007) and other singles at the Be the Change Youth Ball for the first inauguration of Barack Obama as US president on January 20, 2009. While performing, Kanye told the crowd: "Let's make some noise for our new president, Obama. It feels so good to be standing here," while also noting that his mother Donda West would be proud to see him performing for the president. In February 2009, Kanye West delivered a rendition of the track for his 2010 live album "VH1 Storytellers". The performance began in a musically stripped down style, with only the bass and drums being present alongside West's vocals. When the track reached its climax, West revealed his "greatest pain in life." Towards the end of his performance, West showed self-awareness by admitting to having been "an asshole for so long."


title: Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)

text: On June 7, 2010, West performed the track live at Chicago's Farragut Career Academy during a concert for school children; this concert marked West's first live appearance since his incident with Taylor Swift at the 2009 VMAS. It was performed by West as part of his headlining set at the 2011 Coachella Festival. For his headlining live show at the Festival Mawazine: Rhythms of the World in Rabat on May 22, West delivered a performance of the track. At a concert in Atlanta's Philips Arena on October 28, 2011, during West and Jay-Z's Watch the Throne Tour, West came out to perform "Touch the Sky" after a wardrobe change. During the performance, he wore a tribal-type jacket, leather kilt, leather pants underneath and his glow-in-the-dark Air Yeezys, and Rob Markman of MTV called the outfit worn by Jay-Z at the concert "no match" for West's. When performing at Austin X's Music festival on June 8, 2014, West omitted Jay-Z's name from the song's lyrics, which he also did when performing "Blood on the Leaves" (2013) and "Cold" (2012) at the festival. West stopped the opening of the song when performing it live at the 2015 Glastonbury Festival, walking off after stating "that's not what we rehearsed in the dressing room." For his performance of the song, West entered a cherry picker that elevated to 30m in the air and floated over the crowd, who sung along with him. West performed the song live at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto during the Saint Pablo Tour on August 30, 2016. As part of the same tour, it was the 26th song to be performed by West during his 4th concert on the tour at The Forum in Inglewood, California on November 1 of that year and West got "rowdy" during the performance.


title: Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)

text: A cover version of "Touch the Sky" was played by eight-piece American brass ensemble The Soul Rebels that included horns and was released on their mixtape "Power = Power" in 2013. American hip hop group The LOX, which consists of Sheek Louch, Styles P and Jadakiss, freestyled over the song in 2005 with a feature from Ace Hood. Urban Noize released a remix in April 2012 that includes vocals from English musician Florence Welch alongside their interpretation of West and Lupe Fiasco's vocals.


title: Ian Veneracion

text: Stephen Ian Lopez Veneracion (; born February 7, 1975) is a Filipino athlete, actor, pilot, and singer. He was a former talent of GMA Network and is currently an artist of ABS-CBN and TV5.


title: Ian Veneracion

text: His father is renowned painter Roy Veneracion, while his mother is Susan Lopez-Veneracion. He grew up in Manila but spent many of his childhood summers in Liloan, Cebu where his mother originally came from. He is married to Pam ("née" Gallardo), an industrial engineer, with whom he has three children. Primarily known as an action star, he regained fame in 2015 due to the popularity of his loveteam with Jodi Sta. Maria.


title: Ian Veneracion

text: His career started in 1982 as first appeared in RPN 9's show, "Joey and Son". in 1986, Veneracion joined GMA Network's That's Entertainment, hosted by German Moreno. Throughout the 1990s, he starred in several action films. Veneracion's first drama appearance is "Ikaw Lang Ang Mamahalin" since 2001. He later transferred to ABS-CBN in 2003, and had his first main role in "Darating ang Umaga". In 2004, Veneracion returned to GMA Network and appeared in several shows. He once again moved to ABS-CBN in 2007, and returned to GMA Network in 2008. He also appeared in two shows of Robin Padilla, "Joaquin Bordado" and "Totoy Bato". Veneracion transferred from GMA Network to ABS-CBN and is currently a talent of Star Magic in 2011. He popularly appeared in the remake of 2000 drama, "Pangako Sa' Yo", starring Kathryn Bernardo and Daniel Padilla since 2015. He appeared in the film directed by Antoinette Jadaone, "The Achy Breaky Hearts", in a main role with Jodi Sta. Maria and Richard Yap in 2016. In 2017, he appeared in the drama, "A Love to Last", with Bea Alonzo and Iza Calzado.


title: Ian Veneracion

text: Veneracion is an equipment engineer known to be an avid outdoorsman. He is a licensed private pilot, skydiver, paragliding pilot and scuba diver. He also engages in various outdoor activities such as trail riding, climbing, sailing and recreational fishing.


title: IDK (rapper)

text: Jason Aaron Mills (born May 24, 1992), professionally known as IDK (also known as Jay IDK; a backronym for Ignorantly Delivering Knowledge), is a British-American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer.


title: IDK (rapper)

text: Jason Aaron Mills was born on May 24, 1992, in London, England to British American parents. He was raised in Prince George's County, Maryland, where he later started to make music initially under the moniker IDK.


title: IDK (rapper)

text: In August 2015, Mills released his second mixtape, titled "SubTrap". The name stands for Suburban Trap or "Trap music with substance." The album features the singles "The Plug," "God Said Trap (King Trappy III)" and "Cookie Addiction" featuring BJ the Chicago Kid. It features production from Skhye Hutch, was mixed by Lo Mein, Tim Webberson, Matt Weiss, and Delbert Bowers. Project management for Subtrap was overseen by Blade Thornton, David Kuti, Clayton Barmore, Quinelle Holder, and Ryan Booth. Mills' style of rapping has been compared to the early work of Kendrick Lamar, especially Lamar's 2011 album "Section.80".


title: IDK (rapper)

text: On June 22, 2016, Mills was announced as one of the performers at the 2016 Trillectro Music Festival. On September 9, 2016, Mills released his third mixtape "Empty Bank" and premiered it on Forbes. Mills opened for Isaiah Rashad on his "The Lil Sunny" tour which started in January 2017.


title: Narrative poetry

text: Narrative poetry is a form of poetry that tells a story, often using the voices of both a narrator and characters; the entire story is usually written in metered verse. Narrative poems do not need rhyme. The poems that make up this genre may be short or long, and the story it relates to may be complex. It is normally dramatic, with various characters. Narrative poems include all epic poetry, and the various types of "lay", most ballads, and some idylls, as well as many poems not falling into a distinct type.


title: Narrative poetry

text: Some narrative poetry takes the form of a novel in verse. An example of this is "The Ring and the Book" by Robert Browning. In terms of narrative poetry, romance is a narrative poem that tells a story of chivalry. Examples include the "Romance of the Rose" or Tennyson's "Idylls of the King". Although those examples use medieval and Arthurian materials, romances may also tell stories from classical mythology. Sometimes, these short narratives are collected into interrelated groups, as with Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales". So sagas include both incidental poetry and the biographies of poets.


title: Narrative poetry

text: The predecessor of essentially all other modern forms of communication. For thousands of years, cultures passed on their history through oral tradition from generation to generation. Historically, much of poetry has its source in an oral tradition: in more recent times the Scots and English ballads, the tales of Robin Hood poems all were originally intended for recitation, rather than reading. In many cultures, there remains a lively tradition of the recitation of traditional tales in verse format. It has been suggested that some of the distinctive features that distinguish poetry from prose, such as metre, alliteration, and kennings, at one time served as memory aids that allowed the bards who recited traditional tales to reconstruct them from memory.


title: Narrative poetry

text: A narrative poem usually tells a story using a poetic theme. Epics are very vital to narrative poems, although it is thought those narrative poems were created to explain oral traditions. The focus of narrative poetry is often the pros and cons of life.


title: Narrative poetry

text: All epic poems, verse romances and verse novels can also be thought of as extended narrative poems. Other notable examples of narrative poems include:


title: Todar Mal

text: Raja Todar Mal (1 January 1500 – 8 November 1589) was the Finance Minister (Mushriff-i-Diwan) of the Mughal empire during Emperor Akbar's reign. He was also the Vakil-us-Sultanat (Counsellor of the Empire) and Joint Wazir. He was one of the premier nobles in the Mughal Empire and was a Mansabdar of 4000. He was one of the "Navaratnas" in Akbar's court. Under Todar Mal, there were 15 other Dewans nominated for 15 Subahs of Akbar.


title: Todar Mal

text: Todar Mal was born in the town of Laharpur in present-day Uttar Pradesh in a Hindu family, considered by historians as either Agarwal, Khatri or Kayastha. Todar Mal's father died when he was very young leaving no means of livelihood for him. Todar Mal started his career from the humble position of a writer but slowly moved up the ranks when Sher Shah Suri, the Sur emperor, assigned him to the charge of building a new fort of Rohtas in Punjab with the objective of preventing Ghakkar raids and to also act as a barrier to the Mughals in the north-west.


title: Todar Mal

text: After the Sur dynasty was overthrown by the Mughals, Todar Mal continued in the service of the ruling power, which was now the Mughal Emperor Akbar. Under Akbar, he was placed in charge of Agra. Later, he was made governor of Gujarat. At various times, he also managed Akbar's Mint at Bengal and served in Punjab. Todar Mal's most significant contribution, which is appreciated even today, is that he overhauled the revenue system of Akbar's Mughal empire. Raja Todar Mal built a fortress-palace at Laharpur in the Sitapur district of Uttar Pradesh.


title: Todar Mal

text: Beveridge records that Raja Todar Mal had got leave from Akbar and was on his way to Haridwar, but he received a letter from Akbar in which the latter is said to have written that "it was better to go on working and doing good to the world than to go on a pilgrimage." Todar Mal also translated Bhagavata Purana into Persian.


title: Todar Mal

text: Following Todar Mal's death on 8 November 1589 in Lahore, his body was cremated according to the Hindu traditions. Raja Bhagwan Das, his colleague in the charge of Lahore, was present at the ceremony. Of his two sons, Dhari was killed in a battle in Sindh. Another son, Kalyan Mal, was sent by Todar Mal to subdue the Raja of Kumaon in the Himalayas. He rose to become the Finance Minister in Akbar's Darbar.


title: Todar Mal

text: In July 1564, Todar Mal accompanied Akbar in his campaign against Abdullah Khan Uzbeg, the subahdar of Malwa, who had revolted against the imperial authority. No reason of 'Abdullah's rebellion is furnished by the contemporary writers. Probably, having got the post of a governor he became power-corrupt and decided to become independent. Akbar became very much disturbed and decided to punish him. The emperor started his march on the pretext of elephant hunting on 2 July 1564. The imperial army reached the village Liwani in Indore on 5 August and on the 6th completely defeated 'Abdullah Khan Uzbeg, who fled to Gujarat. The imperial forces returned to the capital on 9 October 1564.


title: Todar Mal

text: According to Abu-l-Fazl there were 300 officers with the emperor on the day of victory. He gives the name of thirty (30) officers including that of Todar Mal As there is no other mention of Todar Mal's activities, it can be stated that he was with Akbar in his Malwa expedition from start to finish (2 July – 9 October 1564).


title: Todar Mal

text: Todar Mal succeeded Khwaja Malik I'timad Khan in 1560. Raja Todar Mal introduced standard weights and measures, a land survey and settlement system, revenue districts and officers. This system of maintenance by Patwari is still used in Indian Subcontinent which was improved by British Raj and Government of India.


title: Todar Mal

text: Raja Todar Mal, as finance minister of Akbar, introduced a new system of revenue known as "zabt" and a system of taxation called "dahshala". His revenue collection arrangement came to be known as the Todarmal's Bandobast


title: Todar Mal

text: He took a careful survey of crop yields and prices cultivated for a 10-year period 1570–1580. On this basis, tax was fixed on each crop in cash. Each province was divided into revenue circles with their own rates of revenue and a schedule of individual crops. This system was prevalent where the Mughal administration could survey the land and keep careful accounts. For the revenue system, Akbar's territory was divided into 15 Subahs, which were further subdivided into a total of 187 Sarkars across 15 subahs, and those 187 sarkars (sirkar) were further subdivided into a total of 3367 Mahals or Pargana. Several Mahals were grouped into Dasturs, a unit between Mahal and Sirkar. Portion of larger Mahal or Pargana was called "taraf". Mahals was subdivided into standardised Bighas. A Bigha was made of 3600 Ilahi Gaj, which is roughly half of modern acre. Unit of measurement was standardised to "Ilahi Gaj", which was equivalent to 41 fingers (29-32 inches). Lead measuring rope, called Tenab, was also standardised by joining pieces of Bamboo with iron rings so that the length of Tenab did not vary with seasonal changes.


title: Todar Mal

text: Sometime between 1582 and 1584, as finance minister, Raja Todar Mal issued a decree which stated that all Mughal administration was to be written in Persian and in the "Iranian style". The decree also stated that the Mughal administration was to be staffed by Iranian and Hindu clerks, secretaries and scribes.His systematic approach to revenue collection became a model for the future Mughals as well as the British.


title: Todar Mal

text: The Kashi Vishwanath Temple was rebuilt in 1585 by Todar Mal. This temple was later demolished by Aurangzeb, who had the Gyanvapi Mosque built on its ruins. The current Kashi Vishwanath Temple was built later by Ahilyabai Holkar on an adjacent plot of land.


title: Todar Mal

text: The academic consensus holds that Persian rose to become the dominant language of the Mughal government after the 1582-1584 administrative decree was issued by Raja Todar Mal. Persian would hold such status within the Mughal bureaucracy all the way into early colonial India; eventually, in the 1830s, it would lose such status as the British made coordinated attempts to replace it with English (see also; English Education Act 1835).


title: Todar Mal

text: In the historical serial, Bharat Ek Khoj, Todar Mal was played by popular character actor, Harish Patel in the two episodes (Episodes 32 and 33) on the life and times of Emperor Akbar.


title: Todar Mal

text: Todar Mal is featured in the video games "Sid Meier's Civilization IV: Beyond the Sword", "Sid Meier's Civilization V: Gods and Kings", and most recently in Sid Meier's Civilization VI as a "great merchant".


title: Todar Mal

text: In the Indian historical fiction television series Jodha Akbar, Todar Mal is portrayed by Shaurya Singh.


title: Assist (basketball)

text: In basketball, an assist is attributed to a player who passes the ball to a teammate in a way that leads directly to a score by field goal, meaning that they were "assisting" in the basket. An assist is also credited when a basket is awarded due to defensive goaltending.


title: Assist (basketball)

text: There is some judgment involved in deciding whether a passer should be credited with an assist. An assist can be scored for the passer even if the player who receives the pass makes a basket after dribbling the ball for a short distance. However, the original definition of an assist did not include such situations, so the comparison of assist statistics across eras is a complex matter.


title: Assist (basketball)

text: Only the pass directly before the score may be counted as an assist, so no more than one assist can be recorded per field goal (unlike in other sports, such as ice hockey). A pass that leads to a shooting foul and scoring by free throws does not count as an assist in the NBA, but does in FIBA play (only one assist is awarded per set of free throws in which at least one free throw is made).


title: Assist (basketball)

text: Point guards tend to get the most assists per game (apg), as their role is primarily that of a passer and ballhandler.


title: Assist (basketball)

text: Centers tend to get fewer assists, but centers with good floor presence and court vision can dominate a team by assisting. Being inside the key, the center often has the best angles and the best position for "dishes" and other short passes in the scoring area. Current NBA Center Nikola Jokić is among the league leaders in assists and play-making. Center Wilt Chamberlain led the NBA in total assists in 1968. A strong center with inside-scoring prowess, such as former NBA center Hakeem Olajuwon, can also be an effective assistor because the defense's double-teaming tends to open up offense in the form of shooters.


title: Assist (basketball)

text: The NBA single-game assist team record is 53, held by the Milwaukee Bucks, on December 26, 1978. The NBA single-game assist individual record is 30, held by Scott Skiles of the Orlando Magic on December 30, 1990.


title: Assist (basketball)

text: The NBA record for most career assists is held by John Stockton, with 15,806. Stockton also holds the NBA single season assist per game record with 14.5 during the 1989-1990 regular season. The highest career assist per game average in NBA history is held by Magic Johnson, with 11.2 assists per game.


title: Howard family

text: The House of Howard is an English noble house founded by John Howard, who was created Duke of Norfolk (third creation) by King Richard III of England in 1483. However, John was also the eldest grandson (although maternal) of the 1st Duke of the first creation. The Howards have been part of the peerage since the 15th century and remain both the Premier Dukes and Earls of the Realm in the Peerage of England, acting as Earl Marshal of England. After the English Reformation, many Howards remained steadfast in their Catholic faith as the most high-profile recusant family; two members, Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel, and William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford, are regarded as martyrs: a saint and a blessed respectively.


title: Howard family

text: The senior line of the house, as well as holding the title of Duke of Norfolk, is also Earl of Arundel, Earl of Surrey and Earl of Norfolk, as well as holding six baronies. The Arundel title was inherited in 1580, when the Howards became the genealogical successors to the paternally extinct FitzAlans, ancient kin to the House of Stuart, dating back to when the family first arrived in Great Britain from Brittany (see Alan fitz Flaad).


title: Howard family

text: Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, married as his first wife Mary FitzAlan, who, after the death of her brother Henry in 1556, became heiress to the Arundel estates of her father Henry FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel. Her son was the above-mentioned Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel. It is from this marriage that the present Duke of Norfolk takes his surname of FitzAlan-Howard and why his seat is Arundel Castle. There have also been several notable cadet branches; those existing to this day include the Howards of Effingham, Howards of Carlisle, Howards of Suffolk and Howards of Penrith. The former three are earldoms, and the latter a barony.


title: Howard family

text: Throughout much of English and later British history, the Howards have played an important role. Claiming descent from Hereward the Wake, the resister of the Norman conquest who has been much celebrated in folklore, John Howard fought to the death at the Battle of Bosworth Field in defence of the cause for the House of York. They regained favour with the new Tudor dynasty after leading a defence of England from Scottish invasion at the Battle of Flodden, and Catherine Howard subsequently became the fifth wife and Queen consort to King Henry VIII. Her uncle, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, played a significant role in Henrician politics. Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham, served as Lord Admiral of the English fleet which defeated the invading Spanish Armada.


title: Howard family

text: Arundel Castle has been in the family of the Duke of Norfolk for over 400 years, and it is still the principal seat of the Norfolk family. As cultural heritage, it is a Grade I listed building.


title: Howard family

text: The later Howards would claim a fanciful descent from Hereward the Wake who was of Mercian background and resisted the Norman conquest of England from his base at the Isle of Ely. Hereward subsequently became a mainstay of English folklore.


title: Howard family

text: A pedigree compiled and signed by Sir William Dugdale, Norroy King of Arms of the College of Arms, and dated 8 April 1665, stated that the Howard family are descended from the Howarth ["sic", Howard] family of Great Howarth Hall, Rochdale. Also, "it is clear from above seventy deeds, without date, that the Howards, Dukes of Norfolk, do derive from the Howards Howarth of Great Howarth and that William Howard of Wigenhall… was a direct decedent of Osbert Howard de Howarth," and given lands in Rochdale on behalf of his service as Master of King Henry I's Buckhounds. Dugdale's account, however, has been disputed.


title: Howard family

text: The indisputable descent begins with Sir William Howard (d.1308) of East Winch and Wiggenhall in Norfolk, a Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, who was summoned as a justice to the House of Commons in the Model Parliament of 1295. Sir William's son, Sir John Howard I, became Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk and married Joan de Cornwall, an illegitimate grand-daughter of Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall and King of the Romans, the second son of King John.


title: Howard family

text: Sir William's great-great-great-grandson, Sir Robert Howard, married Lady Margaret Mowbray, elder daughter of Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (1366–1399). The Mowbray line of Dukes died out in 1476 and the heiress of the last Duke, Anne Mowbray, died at the age of nine in 1481; after declaring her widower King Edward IV's son Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, illegitimate, Richard III of England created the son of Sir Robert and Lady Margaret, John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, of a new creation on 28 June 1483, the 200th anniversary of the Barony of Mowbray to which he was also senior co-heir. John had previously been summoned to Parliament as Lord Howard by Edward IV. He was also created hereditary Earl Marshal. John's son and heir, Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, was the grandfather of two English queens, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, both wives of Henry VIII.


title: Howard family

text: The Howard family became one of the foremost recusant families due to their continued adherence to Roman Catholicism throughout the English Reformation and its aftermath. This meant that they often could not take their seats in the House of Lords. They are still known as the most prominent English Catholic family.


title: Howard family

text: Both the Dukedom and Earl Marshalship have been the subject of repeated attainders and restorations in the 15th to 17th centuries. Before Charles II restored the titles for good, the Howards had inherited the ancient title of Earl of Arundel through an heiress, and formed additional branches that have continued to this day.


title: Howard family

text: A branch of the Howard family has been seated at Castle Howard, one of England's most magnificent country houses, for over 300 years.


title: Howard family

text: The Howard family's original arms were the white bend on red with the crosslets. On marrying the heiress of the dukes of Norfolk, the first Howard duke of Norfolk quartered his arms with those of Thomas of Brotherton 1st Earl of Norfolk, son of King Edward I Longshanks as well as the Mowbray arms. Starting with the 2nd Duke of Norfolk, the Howards added in the 3rd quarter the checkered blue and gold of the Warren Earls of Surrey, whom they became heirs of. Philip Howard was deprived of the dukedom of Norfolk, which was under attainer, but inherited the earldom of Arundel. His descendants used the gold lion on red of the Fitzalan Earls of Arundel in the 4th quarter.


title: Howard family

text: Earl Marshal is a hereditary royal officeholder and chivalric title under the sovereign of the United Kingdom used in England (then, following the Act of Union 1800, in the United Kingdom). It is the eighth of the Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord High Constable and above the Lord High Admiral. The Earl Marshal has responsibility for the organisation of State funerals and the monarch's coronation in Westminster Abbey. He is also a leading officer of arms. The office is hereditary in the Howard Family in their position as Dukes of Norfolk, the senior dukedom in the United Kingdom.


title: Jarrad Branthwaite

text: Jarrad Paul Branthwaite (born 27 June 2002) is an English professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Eredivisie club PSV, on loan from club Everton.


title: Jarrad Branthwaite

text: Branthwaite made his first senior team bench appearance on 16 March 2019 in a 1–1 draw away to Forest Green Rovers. He appeared on the bench for seven more consecutive League Two matches that season.


title: Jarrad Branthwaite

text: Branthwaite started the 2019–20 season with 13 consecutive bench appearances in League Two matches, as well as making the bench in Carlisle United's 3–0 win over Barnsley and 2–1 loss to Rochdale in the first and second rounds of the 2019–20 EFL Cup. On 19 October, Branthwaite finally made his English Football League debut and started in a 2–0 League Two loss away to Plymouth Argyle, playing the full match and receiving a yellow card in the 40th minute. He scored his first professional goal for Carlisle when he scored in an EFL Trophy tie against Morecambe on 12 November.


title: Jarrad Branthwaite

text: On 13 January 2020, having enjoyed a breakthrough campaign at Carlisle, Branthwaite signed a two-and-a-half-year deal with Everton, keeping him at the club until the end of June 2022. He made his debut for the club on 12 July, coming on as a substitute for Leighton Baines in a 3–0 defeat against Wolverhampton Wanderers. He made his home debut against Aston Villa on 16 July, coming on as a substitute for the second straight game, this time for the injured Mason Holgate in the 16th minute. Branthwaite started his first game for Everton on 20 July against Sheffield United after signing an extended contract until June 2023, in which he was named man of the match in a 1–0 win for Everton.


title: Jarrad Branthwaite

text: On 14 January 2021, having only made one appareance for Everton in the EFL Cup, Brainthwaite joined Championship club Blackburn Rovers on loan until the conclusion of the 2020–21 season. Two days later, he made his loan debut, starting and playing the full ninety minutes in a league game against Stoke City that finished 1–1. Brainthwaite's season was ended prematurely on 21 April when he suffered an ankle injury during training. In total, he played in ten league games, all starts, for the Rovers, including nine straight after joining on loan.


title: Jarrad Branthwaite

text: On 16 December 2021, Branthwaite made his first Premier League start of the season and scored his first Everton goal in a 1–1 away draw against Chelsea.


title: Jarrad Branthwaite

text: In November 2020, Branthwaite earned his first youth international call-up, being selected for the England U19 squad.


title: Jarrad Branthwaite

text: In August 2021, Branthwaite received another international call-up, this time for the England U20 squad. On 6 September, Branthwaite made his debut for the U20s during a 6-1 victory over Romania U20s at St. George's Park.


title: Elemental (Tears for Fears album)

text: Elemental is the fourth studio album by English pop rock band Tears for Fears, released on 7 June 1993 by Mercury Records. It includes the hit single "Break It Down Again".


title: Elemental (Tears for Fears album)

text: The album peaked at No. 5 in the UK and No. 45 in the US; it also reached the top 10 in France and Italy, the top 20 in Canada and the top 30 in several European countries. It has been certified Silver in the UK, and Gold in the US, Canada and France. It is the band's first album to be recorded following the departure of Curt Smith, and being the first album to be recorded solely by Roland Orzabal as official member, with the help of additional musicians.


title: Elemental (Tears for Fears album)

text: "Elemental" was the last album that Tears for Fears released under the Phonogram/Mercury label, the company to which the band had been signed since 1981.


title: Elemental (Tears for Fears album)

text: "Elemental" was the first new Tears for Fears album in four years, following 1989's "The Seeds of Love". However, despite being released under the Tears for Fears moniker, it is essentially a solo effort by Roland Orzabal, as Curt Smith had left the band in 1991. Regarding the split with Smith, Orzabal stated in 1993,


title: Elemental (Tears for Fears album)

text: Orzabal publicly downplayed Tears for Fears' loss of Curt Smith, stating, "The relationship I had with Curt was like that of a producer to an artist... I’d help him get his vocals right and even write his songs for him. It wasn’t really a shared thing.” Smith released his first solo album, "Soul on Board", on 23 August 1993, over two months after the release of "Elemental".


title: Elemental (Tears for Fears album)

text: For much of the writing and recording of "Elemental", Orzabal was assisted by musician Alan Griffiths (1959-2017), a longtime acquaintance who had collaborated with Tears for Fears before. In 1978, Griffiths became a founding member of the Bristol band Apartment, which became the new wave music band The Escape in 1981. In early 1983, The Escape signed with Phonogram Records, making the band label-mates with Tears for Fears. In late 1983, The Escape was Tears for Fears' support act; the band broke up in late 1984 and Griffiths and Escape bandmate Nicky Holland became session musicians for Tears for Fears' 1985 world tour. Holland played keyboards on Tears for Fears' "The Seeds of Love", co-writing the majority of that album's songs, and her former bandmate Griffiths took on a similar songwriting role for the first Tears for Fears album sans Curt Smith. Orzabal later recalled, "When I split up with Curt, I wrote with Alan Griffiths and we were extremely prolific. We’d come up with a song virtually every day. Al was a bit of a genius, able to make musical sketches that were easy to jump off and finish into a song. That was an amazing period, and it’s tougher to write with people you don’t know yet."


title: Elemental (Tears for Fears album)

text: "Elemental" was recorded at Orzabal's newly built home studio, Neptune's Kitchen, and was co-produced by Orzabal, Griffiths and Tim Palmer. Palmer's recent credits at the time included co-producing David Bowie's first Tin Machine album (1989's "Tin Machine") and mixing Pearl Jam's debut album "Ten" (1991). Orzabal stated, "I'm kind of used to working autonomously... I would say that this album is less of a solo album than "Seeds of Love", in fact. The team I worked with was amazing -- Tim Palmer the co-producer, and Alan Griffiths, who co-wrote the stuff." Parts of the album have a more alternative rock sound than on previous Tears for Fears albums; this sound would be explored further in the next Tears for Fears album, "Raoul and the Kings of Spain" (1995), which Orzabal also recorded with Griffiths and Palmer. (Griffiths would also collaborate with Orzabal on the latter's first and only official solo album, "Tomcats Screaming Outside" [2001].)


title: Elemental (Tears for Fears album)

text: Interviewed twenty years after the release of "Elemental", Palmer recalled, "In the 80's, [Tears for Fears] had a reputation for spending a lot of time making records, but that’s just the way they are. I tried to speed things up and got the record done in six months – not much of an achievement, but it was fast for them." Orzabal had a recording studio built at his home to record the album, stating, "It's an old photographer's studio that we converted. It was called Neptune's Kitchen, and we used a lot of copper that was doused in acid to look like it's been underwater and all the colors are sort of greens and blues like the sea. And there's a weathervane on top of the building which is a whale... It was necessary, economically, to work at home because I spend so long in the studios on albums that the bills mount up, and doing it at home was a sensible move."


title: Elemental (Tears for Fears album)

text: Palmer enjoyed a good working relationship with Orzabal during the recording sessions for "Elemental", recalling, "Roland is very into star signs. Before we started working on the record, he mapped out a composite start chart of us both, and he read it and said that he thought we would get along very well together, which we did."


title: Elemental (Tears for Fears album)

text: Curt Smith's departure from Tears for Fears influenced Roland Orzabal's songwriting for the new album; Orzabal stated that "a lot of the songs were written while I was in a sense going through the 'divorce'... Things like "Break It Down Again" refer to that to some degree, and "Fish Out of Water", obviously. I did psychotherapy for about six years. I stopped going regularly when I'd finished [the song] "Elemental", which I think probably says something. I think I'm moving on."


title: Elemental (Tears for Fears album)

text: The first single from "Elemental", "Break It Down Again," was a relatively successful release, making both the UK and US top 25 singles charts. When Curt Smith (who rejoined Tears for Fears in 2000) was asked in 2022 what his favorite "Curt Smith-less Tears for Fears songs" are, Smith answered, "I have come to really like “Break It Down Again.” We play that song nowadays and I enjoy playing it."


title: Elemental (Tears for Fears album)

text: "Cold" was the second single from "Elemental" to be released in the UK, but was not released in the US. According to Orzabal in the "Elemental" EPK, the song was inspired by an encounter with a German photographer who was trying to take pictures of him while he was on-stage. The photographer tried to get Orzabal's attention but he was not in the mood for photos and kept turning his face away. He eventually received a note from the photographer asking "How can someone who makes such warm music to be so cold?" The first two verses of the song describes this event . The song's lyrics, written by Orzabal, contain also references to prior associates of Tears For Fears such as the line ""Listened to my old friend Nockles, hoped that it would warm the cockles"". "Nockles" is the nickname of former Tears for Fears keyboardist Nicky Holland, Orzabal's songwriting partner for much of the band's previous album, "The Seeds of Love". Orzabal also takes a swipe at former Tears for Fears business manager Paul King with the lyric ""King got caught with his fingers in the till. Where's your calculator, will you leave it in your will?"" after alleged discrepancies were discovered in King's prior management of the band's financial affairs. King declared bankruptcy in 1990 and, after being found guilty of later fraudulent activities, was imprisoned in 2004 and disqualified from being a company director for a period of ten years. According to Orzabal, "After the breakup [with Curt Smith], things were a complete mess on the business end as well... So I was on my own, without a manager, without anybody that was familiar. And I needed to go through that. You can hear it on a song like "Cold", where I say 'Look, I need distance, I need to be on my own, I don't want a relationship.'"


title: Elemental (Tears for Fears album)

text: The closing track of "Elemental", "Goodnight Song", was released as the album's second single in the US (in lieu of "Cold"). It was also released as a single in some parts of Europe, although not in the UK. The "Cold" and "Goodnight Song" singles both featured the song "New Star" as a B-side; this song can be heard on "Gloryland World Cup USA 94", the official album of the 1994 FIFA World Cup. It can also be heard during the opening credits of the 1994 film "Threesome" and appears on the film's soundtrack album, and was later included in the Tears for Fears compilation albums "Saturnine Martial & Lunatic" (1996) and "" (2001).


title: Elemental (Tears for Fears album)

text: The title track of "Elemental" was released in early 1994 as the album's third US single; the maxi CD version contains live tracks recorded from a Tears for Fears concert at Wembley Stadium on 14 December 1993.


title: Elemental (Tears for Fears album)

text: Curt Smith is the subject of "Fish Out of Water", a song Orzabal referred to as his "How Do You Sleep?" (John Lennon's scathing 1971 song about his former Beatles bandmate and songwriting partner, Paul McCartney.) Of his relationship with Smith at the time, Orzabal stated, "I think it's similar to the animosity between a parent and a child; the parent wants the child to grow up and the child doesn't want to grow up. You know, for fuck’s sake, get out of the nest!" The opening lyrics of "Fish Out of Water" are a salvo against Smith (""You always said you were the compassionate one/But now you're laughing at the sun/With all your high class friends you think you've got it made/The only thing you made was that tanned look on your face/With all your cigarettes and fancy cars/You ain't a clue who or what you are/You're dreaming your life away...""). The song also makes references to "Neptune's Kitchen" (the studio in which "Elemental" was recorded), Arthur Janov's book "The Primal Scream" (a major influence on Orzabal and Smith's lives and the first Tears for Fears album "The Hurting"), and the 1983 Tears for Fears song "Memories Fade". Smith later responded to "Fish Out of Water" with the song "Sun King" in his album "Mayfield" (1997). In 2022, Smith said, "I get a real kick out of “Fish Out of Water,” which is about me in a very derogatory way. I found it highly amusing."


title: Elemental (Tears for Fears album)

text: The song "Dog's a Best Friend's Dog" contains a reference to Samuel Beckett's play "Waiting for Godot" (""Tell Mr. Godot I'm walking the dog"") and the album's penultimate track, "Brian Wilson Said", is in part a Beach Boys pastiche. The title is a backhanded reference to the Van Morrison song "Jackie Wilson Said (I'm in Heaven When You Smile)", which Morrison wrote about one of his idols, Jackie Wilson. Similarly, Orzabal wanted to write a song about one of his idols, Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys.


title: Elemental (Tears for Fears album)

text: Tears for Fears supported "Elemental" with a live tour of North America that took place between August and November 1993, followed by one concert in Paris and four in the UK in December 1993. The band assembled for the tour comprised Roland Orzabal on vocals and lead guitar, Alan Griffiths on keyboards and guitar, Gail Ann Dorsey on bass, Brian MacLeod on drums, Jeffrey Trott on guitars, and Jebin Bruni on keyboards. Orzabal retained this band for the recording sessions of the next Tears for Fears album, "Raoul and the Kings of Spain" (1995), which was recorded between 1993 and 1994.


title: Elemental (Tears for Fears album)

text: "The New York Times" wrote that "the album finds Mr. Orzabal straining self-consciously to make grand statements that lack the concision and spontaneity of Tears for Fears' best early work. It also has an undertone of meanness." "Entertainment Weekly" wrote that "the sampled guitar bursts and nifty studio tricks, like Squeeze mimicking the Beatles, keep you obediently humming while Orzabal plays teen-neuroses word games." "Trouser Press" thought that the album "essentially upholds Orzabal’s dedication to create remarkable textures and settings for essentially ordinary pop songs sprung from his bristly, remote and self-critical personality."


title: Elemental (Tears for Fears album)

text: Upon its release in 1993, "Elemental" received a positive review in "Rolling Stone magazine". Rating the album four stars out of five, the review states,


title: Adriane Lenox

text: Adriane Lenox is an American actress, best known for her performances in Broadway theatre. Her performance in the play "" garnered her the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play in 2005. She received another Tony Award nomination for "After Midnight" in 2014.


title: Adriane Lenox

text: Lenox, who is from Tennessee, attended Lambuth College in Jackson, Tennessee and has a degree in drama. She appeared in "Ain’t Misbehavin" in New York after graduation.


title: Adriane Lenox

text: Lenox appeared in "Doubt: A Parable" on Broadway in 2005 as Mrs. Muller. She won the Tony Award, Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play, for this performance. Other Broadway appearances include Hattie in the Broadway revival of "Kiss Me, Kate" in 1999, a revue, "The Gershwins' Fascinating Rhythm" in 1999,


title: Adriane Lenox

text: "Caroline, or Change" in 2004 as standby for "Caroline Thibodeaux", and "Chicago" as the Matron (Replacement from August 2007 to October 2007). She appeared on Broadway in "After Midnight", in 2013, reprising her role in the New York City Center Encores! staged revue "Cotton Club Parade".


title: Adriane Lenox

text: She has appeared in many Off-Broadway productions, starting with "Beehive" in 1986 at the Village Gate (Upstairs). She appeared in the "drama with music", "Dinah Was" in May 1998 to January 1999 at the Gramercy Theatre in the roles of Maye/Waitress/Violet, and won the Obie Award, Performance (1997–1998).


title: Adriane Lenox

text: Lenox had a role in the 2009 film "The Blind Side", as Denise Oher. Her other film credits include "Black Snake Moan" (2006), "My Blueberry Nights" (2007), "The Sorcerer's Apprentice" (2010), and "The Butler" (2013).


title: Adriane Lenox

text: On television, Lenox has appeared in episodes of "Law & Order", "", "Third Watch" and "Nurse Jackie". She had the recurring roles on "Lipstick Jungle", "30 Rock", "Damages", "Daredevil", "The Blacklist", and "The Path". She also had a role in the HBO film "The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks" starring Oprah Winfrey.


title: Oteil Burbridge

text: Oteil Burbridge is an American multi-instrumentalist, specializing on the bass guitar, trained in playing jazz and classical music from an early age. He has achieved fame primarily on bass guitar during the resurgence of the Allman Brothers Band from 1997 through 2014, and as a founding member of the band Dead & Company. Burbridge was also a founding member of The Aquarium Rescue Unit and Tedeschi Trucks Band, with whom his brother Kofi Burbridge was the keyboardist and flautist. He has worked with other musicians including Bruce Hampton, Trey Anastasio, Page McConnell, Bill Kreutzmann and Derek Trucks.


title: Oteil Burbridge

text: Burbridge has been recognized for his ability to incorporate scat-singing into his improvised bass solos. Burbridge endorses Fodera, Modulus, Sukop and Dunlop guitars and effects.


title: Oteil Burbridge

text: Burbridge was born and raised in Washington, D.C., to an African American family with some Egyptian heritage. His name, Oteil, means "explorer" or "wanderer". When he and elder sibling Kofi showed talent for music, their mother encouraged them with classical and jazz courses hoping to nurture their musical inclinations and keep them out of trouble. Kofi remembers Oteil's first drum set: a Quaker Oatmeal box, when he was only three or four years old. Both brothers were introduced to a wide variety of instruments, and became multi-instrumentalists, with both being taught to play the piano. Oteil gained proficiency on the bass clarinet, violin, and trumpet; however, bass guitar and drums became his instruments of choice (while Kofi developed a love for both flute and keyboards). Burbridge was also interested in the theater and became the co-host of a local children's television show called "Stuff". He was enrolled in the Sidwell Friends School, graduating in 1982.


title: Oteil Burbridge

text: Oteil performed regularly in a variety of D.C. bands as a teenager, gathering experience playing R&B, rock, Brazilian music and jazz among other styles. He moved to Virginia Beach and worked mostly in cover bands there, and subsequently became part of the Atlanta musical scene, where he played with different musicians and also became fluent in other genres of music.


title: Oteil Burbridge

text: As one of the original members of Bruce Hampton's avant-garde band, the Aquarium Rescue Unit, Burbridge was introduced to members of the jam band scene in the southeast of the United States. This included members of Phish, Phil Lesh and Friends, and Blues Traveler, who freely sat in with one another in each other's bands. When Hampton left the Aquarium Rescue Unit, it slowly disbanded; however, Burbridge had developed a reputation on the four-, five-, and eventually the six-string bass guitar, enjoying the less commercial aspects of playing with Atlanta-area musicians. During its initial years, the band was composed of Bruce Hampton, Oteil Burbridge, Jimmy Herring, Jeff Sipe, Matt Mundy, and Count M'Butu. Although the band was never commercially successful, their unique combination of bluegrass, rock, Latin, blues, jazz, and funk (along with the impeccable chops of the members) led to their becoming an influence on other bands and served as a kind of template for their own future musical endeavors.


title: Oteil Burbridge

text: In 2015 Burbridge joined Dead & Company to play bass/drums. The band consists of himself with Bob Weir, John Mayer, Mickey Hart, Bill Kreutzmann and Jeff Chimenti. The band's first performance was on October 29, 2015 at Times Union Center in Albany, New York. They have since toured in the fall of 2015, the summer of 2016, the summer of 2017, the fall of 2017, the summer of 2018, and did a series of three shows in Mexico called "Playing in the Sand" in January 2019. Dead & Company started their Summer Tour 2019 at the Shoreline Amphitheatre in Mountain View, California on May 31 and June 1, 2019. They toured again in the Summer of 2021 and Summer of 2022.


title: Oteil Burbridge

text: In 2015 Burbridge became a founding member of Les Brers, a band led by founding Allman Brothers Band drummer Butch Trucks. The band also consists of his former Allman Brothers bandmates Jaimoe, Marc Quiñones and Jack Pearson along with Pat Bergeson, Bruce Katz and Lamar Williams Jr.


title: Oteil Burbridge

text: Burbridge was a full-time member of the Allman Brothers Band from 1997 until their retirement in 2014, touring and recording with the band for 17 years. In February 2012, he received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award for his years with the band. Burbridge played on the albums "Peakin' at the Beacon" (2000), "Hittin' the Note" (2003), "One Way Out" (2004) as well as the DVD "Live at the Beacon Theatre" (2003, certified Platinum 2004). He was nominated for two Grammy Awards as a member of the band in 2003 and 2004. He occasionally provided lead vocals with the band, including their cover of the Dead's "Franklin’s Tower" and, during the Brothers' final year, "Seven Turns."


title: Oteil Burbridge

text: In 2010, Oteil joined his brother Kofi and Allman Brothers bandmate Derek Trucks as the bassist in the new group Tedeschi Trucks Band; an eleven piece ensemble which merged some former members of The Derek Trucks Band and Susan Tedeschi's backing band. Tedeschi Trucks Band performed at Eric Clapton's Crossroads Guitar Festival 2010; one of Oteil's compositions "Love Has Something Else to Say" appears on the DVD release. The Tedeschi Trucks Band released their debut album, "Revelator", in 2011, which won the Grammy for Best Blues Album at the 54th Grammy Awards. In 2012, the band released their sophomore album, "Everybody's Talkin' ", a double live album compiled from their 2011 world tour.


title: Oteil Burbridge

text: On October 5, 2012, Oteil posted a statement on the band's website that he "will not be able to continue to tour with TTB", so he can start a family. He did "hope that we have music left to make together in the future."


title: Oteil Burbridge

text: Oteil Burbridge joined the Bill Kreutzmann Trio alongside Bill Kreutzmann of the Grateful Dead and Scott Murawski of Max Creek, as the BK3. They toured throughout 2008 and early 2009 before Oteil left due to touring commitments with the Allman Brothers Band. The group played several Grateful Dead classics, Max Creek originals and covers, as well as many new songs written by Robert Hunter.[4]