title: Discrimination against asexual people

text: The Asexual Visibility and Education Network (AVEN), an organisation founded in 2001 by David Jay, aims to raise awareness of asexuality, through such means as discussions in schools about asexuality and discouraging discriminatory attitudes towards the sexuality. Asexual Awareness Week is an annual event formed by Sarah Beth Brooks in 2010, also with the aim of raising asexual awareness and dispelling misconceptions. There have been attempts to increase awareness of asexuality in universities. A number of community support groups for asexual people have been formed, such as Asexuals of the Mid-Atlantic, a meetup group for asexual people centred in Washington D.C., whose members founded The Asexual Awareness Project, an asexual advocacy organisation.


title: Discrimination against asexual people

text: In autumn 2014, the book "The Invisible Orientation: An Introduction to Asexuality", written by Julie Sondra Decker, was published, with Decker stating that the aim of the book was for it to be used in sex education to increase common knowledge of sexuality.


title: Discrimination against asexual people

text: In 2015, United Kingdom Labour Party parliamentary candidate George Norman called for Parliament to add asexuality to its existing equality legislation, and to recognise that one per cent of the UK's electorate identified as asexual.


title: Discrimination against asexual people

text: In 2016, the Asexual Aromantic Alliance was founded at Iowa State University to encourage co-operation between the asexual and aromantic communities, with the aim of "help[ing to] eliminate acephobia."


title: Autómata

text: Autómata is a 2014 English-language Spanish-Bulgarian science fiction action film directed by Gabe Ibáñez starring Antonio Banderas (who also co-produced). The film is co-written by Ibáñez with Igor Legarreta and Javier Sánchez Donate, and co-stars Birgitte Hjort Sørensen, Melanie Griffith, Dylan McDermott, Robert Forster, and Tim McInnerny.


title: Autómata

text: About 20 years before the story takes place, solar flares irradiate the Earth, killing over 99% of the world's population. The survivors gather in a network of safe cities and build primitive humanoid robots, called Pilgrims, to help rebuild and operate in the harsh environment. These robots have two unchangeable protocols: they cannot harm any form of life and may not repair, modify, or alter themselves or other robots in any way. Initially seen as mankind's salvation, they are relegated to manual labor when they fail to stop the advance of desertification. Society has regressed due to lack of technology besides the Pilgrims, as a lack of functional aircraft or other transport prevents travel and cars are a rare commodity, and humanity is on the brink of extinction.


title: Autómata

text: In 2044, Jacq Vaucan—an insurance investigator for ROC, the company that manufactures Pilgrims—investigates a report from Wallace, a police officer who shot a robot he claims was modifying itself. As Jacq looks for a robot they suspect was stealing parts, it leads him outside the city. When he finds it inside a shipping container, it sets itself on fire. As he and a team open up the burned robot to see what it was hiding, they discover the robot had a rare nuclear battery that could power a robot indefinitely. They are able to power up the robot once more, but when he asks it why it set itself on fire, it burns out again.


title: Autómata

text: Jacq salvages the remains and speculates to his boss, Robert, that there may be a "clocksmith", someone who illegally modifies robots, who is overriding the second protocol. Incredulous, Robert rejects this possibility but offers Jacq a transfer out of the city if he can find evidence. Jacq's pregnant wife initially rejects his plans but she eventually relents.


title: Autómata

text: Jacq and Wallace investigate a brothel, where they find Cleo, a modified robot that Wallace subsequently shoots in the leg. When Jacq objects, Wallace says that Cleo's owner will lead them to the clocksmith; Wallace also threatens to kill Jacq if he does not split the proceeds of the battery on the black market. Jacq follows Cleo's owner to a clocksmith named Dr. Dupré, who claims not to know who altered Cleo, an action that would destroy Cleo's CPU. Jacq leaves the burned robot's CPU with her and offers to give her the battery if she can locate information on the clocksmith. When Dupré installs the modified CPU in Cleo, Cleo begins self-repairing. Dupré contacts Jacq, who alerts Robert; however, ROC intercepts Jacq's message and sends a team of assassins to Dupré's lab.


title: Autómata

text: Dupré is killed, but Jacq escapes in a car driven by Cleo. When Cleo takes them into a maze of stanchions, both cars crash; the assassins are killed, and Jacq is injured. Cleo takes Jacq with her into the desert, where they are joined by three other robots, none of whom will obey Jacq's orders. However, the first protocol forces them to prevent his death. Desperate to return to the city to be with his pregnant wife, Jacq makes contact with Robert, who sends Wallace to recover him. Wallace threatens Jacq's life and destroys two of the robots, who have objected to his actions; Jacq kills Wallace with a flare gun before he can also destroy Cleo. Wallace's partner flees after taking a battery from one of the robots.


title: Autómata

text: Robert's boss discloses that the predecessor to the first Pilgrim was a quantum mind created with no security protocols and no artificial restraints on its computational power. Before they deactivated it, its makers tasked it with designing the security protocols that govern Pilgrims. Robert's boss informs Robert that no one has been able to break Pilgrim security protocols because they were created by the unrestricted quantum mind and ROC purposefully limited the computational power of all subsequent AI. ROC forces Robert to accompany a team sent to kill Jacq and the unknown clocksmith before the robots can evolve further beyond human understanding. When Robert objects to their kidnapping Jacq's wife and baby daughter, Conway, the leader, shoots him and leaves him for dead. Meanwhile, Jacq meets the robot responsible for modifying the others. The robot says that he and the other robots plan to go to the radioactive area where humans cannot go. Initially skeptical, Jacq eventually accepts that the robot naturally evolved, like humanity. After a series of philosophical discussions, Jacq gives them his battery, which they use to complete a new design, a sort of dog/insect robot. The robots repair a vehicle for Jacq, and he leaves for the city.


title: Autómata

text: When Conway reaches the robot outpost, he destroys two of the four robots. Jacq finds the dying Robert and returns to the outpost as Conway wounds Cleo and kills the evolved robot. Jacq kills all ROC assassins but Conway, though he is further wounded in the battle. As Conway prepares to kill Jacq, the new robot saves his life by pushing Conway off a cliff. Jacq overcomes his distrust of the uninhibited robot when reunited with his family, and he leaves for the coast with them, as Cleo and the new robot venture further into the irradiated desert, where no humans can follow them. Arriving at the coast they see the ocean, and discover that the Earth is recovering and that hope remains for human beings.


title: Autómata

text: Banderas expressed an early interest in the film after reading the script. Banderas, as producer, brought on Griffith, his wife at the time, and Bardem, who was cast in a minor role and as the voice of the Blue Robot. The film was shot at Nu Boyana Film Studios in Sofia, Bulgaria.


title: Autómata

text: Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 30% of 33 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating was 5.27/10. The site's summary states of the film: "Beautiful to look at but narratively hollow, "Autómata" short-circuits its handful of intriguing ideas with an overload of sci-fi clichés." Metacritic rated it 37/100 based on 13 reviews. Jay Weissberg of "Variety" called it "a dystopic mess" that borrows from numerous science fiction films. Jonathan Holland of "The Hollywood Reporter" wrote: "The overwrought, uncontrolled sci-fi thriller "Automata" is a disappointing example of a film that lacks the imagination to follow persuasively through on its engaging initial premise."


title: Autómata

text: Stan Schröder remarked an influence of Philip K. Dick's novel "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?" (which served as the basis for the popular "Blade Runner" film) and Isaac Asimov's short story "Runaround" which introduced Asimov's "Three Laws of Robotics", which are close to the film's "robot protocols".


title: Two pounds (British coin)

text: The British two pound (£2) coin is a denomination of sterling coinage. Its obverse has featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II since the coin’s introduction. Three different portraits of the Queen have been used, with the current design by Jody Clark being introduced in 2015. The reverse design features Britannia.


title: Two pounds (British coin)

text: The coin was introduced on 15 June 1998 (coins minted 1997) after a review of the United Kingdom's coinage decided that a general-circulation £2 coin was needed. The new bi-metallic coin design replaced a series of commemorative, uni-metallic coins which were issued between 1986 and 1996 to celebrate special occasions. Although legal tender, those earlier coins had never been common in everyday circulation.


title: Two pounds (British coin)

text: As of March 2014 there were an estimated 417 million £2 coins in circulation with an estimated face value of £834 million.


title: Two pounds (British coin)

text: Beyond the usual commemorative versions, no standard two pound coins have been minted for general circulation since 2016, although examples have been issued in uncirculated sets at a premium. This was because the concurrent introduction of the new version of the one pound coin had put enough £2 (and 20 pence) coins back into circulation, as people emptied coin jars primarily for the older one pound coin that was due to be withdrawn.


title: Two pounds (British coin)

text: £2 coins are legal tender to any amount when offered in repayment of a debt; however, the coin's legal tender status is not normally relevant for everyday transactions.


title: Two pounds (British coin)

text: The original reverse of the coin, designed by Bruce Rushin, is an abstract design symbolising the history of technological achievement, accompanied by the words above, and the year of minting below.


title: Two pounds (British coin)

text: This was the first bi-metallic coin to be produced for circulation in Britain since the tin farthing with a copper plug produced in 1692, and is the highest denomination coin in common circulation in the UK. The coin consists of an outer yellow metal nickel-brass ring made from 76% copper, 20% zinc, and 4% nickel, and an inner steel-coloured cupro-nickel disc made from 75% copper, 25% nickel. The coin weighs and is in diameter.


title: Two pounds (British coin)

text: The design itself was first tried out in 1994 when the Royal Mint produced a short run of demonstration pieces to the new bi-metal standard. These pieces were not for circulation and were simply intended to test the manufacturing process. The coin was technically similar to the version which eventually entered circulation with the Maklouf effigy of Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse and the image of a sailing ship similar to that previously used on the reverse of the pre-decimal halfpenny piece. The inscription on the reverse read with an edge inscription based on the one pound coin which read , meaning "An ornament and a safeguard – [in the] 46th year of [her] reign". The 1994 pieces were never legal tender but were eventually released for sale as part of a presentation set in 1998. At the same time in 1994 the Royal Mint produced a mono-metallic trial two-pound coin, with the same ship reverse and inscription, but otherwise similar to the earlier commemorative coins. These were never issued in presentation sets, and so are much scarcer than the bi-metallic version.


title: Two pounds (British coin)

text: Because of technical difficulties, the 1997-dated coins, which bear the effigy of Queen Elizabeth II by Raphael Maklouf, were not released to circulation until June 1998 (the same time as the 1998-dated coins). 1998 and later dated coins bear the effigy of the Queen by Ian Rank-Broadley. The Maklouf-effigy coins bear the inscription on the obverse; the Rank-Broadley coins bear the inscription .


title: Two pounds (British coin)

text: The reverse of the regular-issue coin, designed by Bruce Rushin, bears a concentric design symbolically representing technological development from the Iron Age, through the Industrial Revolution and the Electronic Age to the Internet, with the inscription above the design and the date below. An oddity of the design is that it depicts nineteen interlocking gears. Because there is an odd number of them, the mechanism could not actually turn. The coin has the edge inscription , a quote taken from a letter by Isaac Newton to Robert Hooke, in which he describes how his work was built on the knowledge of those that had gone before him. "If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants." Newton was Warden and later Master of the Royal Mint.


title: Two pounds (British coin)

text: In February 2015, the Royal Mint announced a new design featuring Britannia by Antony Dufort replacing the previous design. The new coins feature the edge inscription , meaning "I claim the four seas", an inscription previously featured on coins bearing the image of Britannia.


title: Two pounds (British coin)

text: The comparative rarity of the Maklouf-effigy coins has led to an urban myth that they are much more valuable than the other coins, but this is not true – there were over 13 million 1997-dated £2 coins issued. Another urban myth about the coin is that putting it in the freezer overnight causes the cupro-nickel centre to pop out, a claim which had been true of some early mintings of the similarly bimetallic Canadian 2 dollar coin.


title: Two pounds (British coin)

text: In addition to the standard designs there have been several variant reverse designs used on the £2 coin to commemorate important events. These are summarised in the table below.


title: Two pounds (British coin)

text: In 2015, a small number of £2 Coins entered circulation that featured the Queen’s head rotated clockwise by approximately 150 degrees. The Royal Mint stated that the misalignment of the Queen’s effigy was "almost certainly the result of one of the dies working loose and rotating during the striking process". Change Checker, a coin dealing website, suggest that the Inverted Effigy may have affected as few as around just 3,250 coins.


title: Two pounds (British coin)

text: Current £2 coins are legal tender to any amount. However, "legal tender" has a very specific and narrow meaning which relates only to the repayment of debt to a creditor, not to everyday shopping or other transactions. Specifically, coins of particular denominations are said to be "legal tender" when a creditor must by law accept them in redemption of a debt. The term does not mean - as is often thought - that a shopkeeper has to accept a particular type of currency in payment. A shopkeeper is under no obligation to accept any specific type of payment, whether legal tender or not; conversely they have the discretion to accept any payment type they wish.


title: Guilt–shame–fear spectrum of cultures

text: In cultural anthropology, the distinction between a guilt society or guilt culture, shame society or shame culture and honor–shame culture, and a fear society or culture of fear, has been used to categorize different cultures. The differences can apply to how behavior is governed with respect to government laws, business rules, or social etiquette. This classification has been applied especially to so called "apollonian" societies, sorting them according to the emotions they use to control individuals (especially children) and maintaining social order, swaying them into norm obedience and conformity.


title: Guilt–shame–fear spectrum of cultures

text: The terminology was popularized by Ruth Benedict in "The Chrysanthemum and the Sword", who described American culture as a "guilt culture" and Japanese culture as a "shame culture".


title: Guilt–shame–fear spectrum of cultures

text: In a guilt society, the primary method of social control is the inculcation of feelings of guilt for behaviors that the individual believes to be undesirable. A prominent feature of guilt societies is the provision of sanctioned releases from guilt for certain behaviors, whether before or after the fact. There is opportunity in such cases for authority figures to derive power, money, or other advantages by manipulating the conditions of guilt and the forgiveness of guilt.


title: Guilt–shame–fear spectrum of cultures

text: Guilt is a feeling that arises when we violate the absolute standards of morality within us, when we violate our conscience. A person may suffer from guilt although no one else knows of his or her misdeed; this feeling of guilt is relieved by confessing the misdeed and making restitution. True guilt cultures rely on an internalized conviction of sin as the enforcer of good behavior, not, as shame cultures do, on external sanctions. Guilt cultures emphasize punishment and forgiveness as ways of restoring the moral order; shame cultures stress self-denial and humility as ways of restoring the social order. (Hiebert 1985, 213)</blockquote >


title: Guilt–shame–fear spectrum of cultures

text: In China, the concept of shame is widely accepted due to Confucian teachings. In "Analects", Confucius is quoted as saying:


title: Guilt–shame–fear spectrum of cultures

text: Lead the people with administrative injunctions and put them in their place with penal law, and they will avoid punishments but will be without a sense of shame. Lead them with excellence and put them in their place through roles and ritual practices, and in addition to developing a sense of shame, they will order themselves harmoniously.


title: Guilt–shame–fear spectrum of cultures

text: The first book to cogently explain the workings of the Japanese society was "The Chrysanthemum and the Sword" by Ruth Benedict. This book was produced under less than ideal circumstances since it was written during the early years of World War II in an attempt to understand the people who had become such a powerful enemy of the Allies. Under the conditions of war, it was impossible to do field research in Japan.


title: Guilt–shame–fear spectrum of cultures

text: Without being able to study in Japan, Benedict relied on newspaper clippings, histories, literature, films, and interviews of Japanese-Americans. Her studies came to conclusions about Japanese culture and society that are still widely criticized today, both in the United States and Japan.


title: Guilt–shame–fear spectrum of cultures

text: To the Roma, though living as local minorities in mostly Christian countries, the concept of "lajav" ("shame") is important, while the concept of "bezax" ("sin") does not have such significance.


title: Poland Spring

text: Poland Spring is a brand of bottled water, produced in Poland, Maine. It is named after the original natural spring in the town of Poland, Maine it was drawn from. Today it is a subsidiary of BlueTriton Brands, formerly Nestlé Waters North America, and sold in the United States. The spring was first exploited commercially in 1859 by Hiram W. Ricker, owner of a nearby inn. Contemporary demand is so great the brand's water is derived from multiple sources in the state of Maine including Poland Spring and Garden Spring in Poland, Maine, Clear Spring in Hollis, Evergreen Spring in Fryeburg, Spruce Spring in Pierce Pond Township, White Cedar Spring in Dallas Plantation, and Bradbury Spring in Kingfield, and Cold Springs in Denmark.


title: Poland Spring

text: Poland Spring was the top-selling spring water brand in America in 2006. In 2007, the Poland Spring brand adopted a bottle using 30% less plastic, as did the other Nestlé Waters North America brands.


title: Poland Spring

text: The spring dates back to the late 18th century. In 1797, The Wentworth Ricker Inn opened at the homestead of Jabez Ricker. In 1844, Jabez's grandson, Hiram W. Ricker claimed that spring water from the property cured him of chronic dyspepsia. In 1861, the inn was enlarged and renamed The Mansion House. The inn had grown to a resort, and his discussions with guests led them to also praise the drinking water. In this period, it was quite fashionable to "take the waters" for almost all illnesses, causing an uptick in business. The Rickers soon began bottling the water. Expanded again into an extravagant resort that locals dubbed "Ricker's Folly", the inn was renamed the Poland Spring House and opened On July 4, 1876. The inn remained a significant resort into the early 20th century, but the Ricker family lost control of the company during the 1930s. A resort still operates on the site.


title: Poland Spring

text: Poland Springs operated independently since its inception until it was purchased by the Perrier Water Company in 1980. In 1992 Nestle acquired Poland Springs when it took over the Perrier company. In March 2021, Nestle completed a $4.3 billion deal selling its North American bottled water brands, including Poland Spring, to two private-equity firms.


title: Poland Spring

text: In 1891 Maine's Bureau of Industrial and Labor Statistics listed 81 existing mineral springs. Twenty-three were used for commercial bottling, with total sales of $400,000; $200,000 of these sales were by Poland Spring.


title: Poland Spring

text: Today Poland Spring sells the majority of its water in portable 8, 12, and 20 oz bottles; 500 ml, 700 ml, 1 L, and 1.5 L bottles, and also larger 5 gallon bottles usable in office or in home water dispensers. Smaller 3 L, 1 gallon and 2.5 gallon bottles are also available for sale in most supermarkets, and for home delivery in the Northeastern United States. Other varieties of Poland Spring include sparkling, lemon, lime, and distilled. They are also the producers of the Aquapod line of products.


title: Poland Spring

text: All Poland Spring products are sold in plastic bottles, for both safety and economic reasons. Today, no portable Poland Spring bottles are made from the number "7" polycarbonate plastic that contains Bisphenol-A (BPA). The large 5-gallon bottles are made of number "1" plastic and are also BPA-free, while the 3-gallon bottles are made of number "7" plastic and may contain trace levels of BPA. Bottles made of PETE, which do not contain BPA (number "1" or "2" or "4" on bottom), started to appear in 2013; in some areas one may have only these bottles. They can be recognized by the different handle design (separate piece of plastic rather than a continuous molded element).


title: Poland Spring

text: In the summer of 2005, Poland Spring changed the color of its 1-gallon bottle cap from dark green to clear. The reason for the color change was to remove the dye from the cap, which is more suitable for the recycling stream. Poland Spring later changed to a lighter bottle called the Eco-Shape which uses 30 percent less plastic. The new style made its debút in November 2007.


title: Poland Spring

text: Several towns in Maine have objected to the business practices of Poland Spring and its parent company Nestlé. In some towns, such as Fryeburg, Maine, Poland Spring actually buys the water (110 million gallons of water from Fryeburg a year) from another company, the Fryeburg Water Co., and ships it to the Poland Spring bottling plant in Poland Spring. However, Fryeburg Water Co. also sells water to the town of Fryeburg.


title: Poland Spring

text: The town of Fryeburg began to question the amount of water the company was selling to Poland Spring. In 2004, the town's water stopped temporarily because of a pump failure, but Poland Spring's operations were able to continue. In 2004 the group HO for ME began gathering support to create a tax on water drawn for commercial purposes. Poland Spring claimed the tax would force the company into bankruptcy. State legislator Jim Wilfong proposed a 20 cent per gallon tax be allowed to be voted on in a referendum, but the measure was defeated. In April of 2019, the Maine Committee on Taxation considered a bill which would impose a 12 cents a gallon tax on companies that extract more than 1.5 million gallons for commercial bottling. Poland Spring, extracting approximately 950 million gallons per year, would have been the only company affected by the tax. In May of 2019 the committee voted, 9–2, against the bill, making it unlikely any tax would be enacted in the foreseeable future.


title: Poland Spring

text: The town of Sterling, Massachusetts, is attempting to prevent Poland Spring (Nestlé) from pumping spring water from conservation restricted town land. Nestlé Waters North America (NWNA) has responded to an RFP issued by the Town of Clinton to purchase the Town of Clinton's Wekepeke aquifer water rights located in Sterling.


title: Poland Spring

text: In June 2003, Poland Spring was sued for false advertising in a class action lawsuit charging that their water that supposedly comes from springs, is in fact heavily treated common ground water. The suit also states, hydro-geologists hired by Nestlé found that another current source for Poland Spring water near the original site stands over a former trash and refuse dump, and below an illegal disposal site where human sewage was sprayed as fertilizer for many years. The suit was settled in September 2003, with the company not admitting to the allegations, but agreeing to pay $10 million in charity donations and discounts over the next 5 years. Nestlé continues to sell the same Maine water under the Poland Spring name.


title: Poland Spring

text: In August 2017, a class-action lawsuit was filed in Connecticut alleging that "Not one drop of Poland Spring Water emanates from a water source that complies with the Food and Drug Administration definition of 'spring water'. The famous Poland Spring in Poland Spring, Maine, which defendant's labels claim is a source of Poland Spring Water, ran dry nearly 50 years ago." A Poland Spring spokeswoman responded that "Poland Spring is 100 percent spring water. The claims made in the lawsuit are without merit and an obvious attempt to manipulate the legal system for personal gain." Scientist Peter Gleick said that "Most of Nestle's waters are pumped from the ground, but the bigger issue that the regulatory definition of what really counts as spring water is really weak. No one is really looking over the shoulders of the bottled water companies."


title: Poland Spring

text: In March 2019, the district court judge dismissed the claims in the class-action lawsuit in Vermont out of the eleven northeastern states in favor of Nestle. The case will go forward in the state subclasses of the lawsuit in Maine, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and Rhode Island.


title: Nestor Cortés Jr.

text: Nestor Cortés Jr. (born December 10, 1994), nicknamed Nasty Nestor and Hialeah Kid, is a Cuban-American professional baseball pitcher for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB). The Yankees selected him in the 36th round of the 2013 MLB draft. He has previously played in MLB for the Baltimore Orioles and Seattle Mariners.


title: Nestor Cortés Jr.

text: Cortés was born in Surgidero de Batabanó, Cuba. When he was seven months old, his father, Nestor Cortés Sr., won the visa lottery, and they relocated to the United States in the city of Hialeah, Florida. His father had been sentenced to one year in prison after a failed attempt to defect from Cuba in 1992. Nestor Sr. met his wife, Yuslaidy, the following year.


title: Nestor Cortés Jr.

text: Cortés started playing baseball at the age of four. His father took him to see the Florida Marlins of Major League Baseball play at Pro Player Stadium in Miami Gardens.


title: Nestor Cortés Jr.

text: Cortés attended Hialeah High School in Hialeah, Florida. He committed to play college baseball at Florida International University.


title: Nestor Cortés Jr.

text: The New York Yankees selected him in the 36th round of the 2013 MLB draft. He signed with the Yankees, receiving an $85,000 signing bonus, and made his professional debut that year with the Gulf Coast Yankees of the Rookie-level Gulf Coast League, where he had a 0–1 win–loss record with a 4.42 earned run average (ERA) in innings pitched. He returned there in 2014, going 1–2 with a 2.27 ERA in 11 games (two starts). Cortés spent 2015 with the Pulaski Yankees of the Rookie-level Appalachian League, where he compiled a 6–3 record with a 2.26 ERA in 12 games (ten starts). In 2016, he pitched for the Charleston RiverDogs of the Class A South Atlantic League, Tampa Yankees of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League, Trenton Thunder of the Class AA Eastern League, and the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders of the Class AAA International League, pitching to a combined 11–4 record with a 1.53 ERA in 21 games (12 starts). Cortés played 2017 with Tampa, Trenton, and the RailRiders. where he was 7–4 with a 2.06 ERA in 30 games (13 starts).


title: Nestor Cortés Jr.

text: The Baltimore Orioles selected Cortés from the Yankees organization in the 2017 Rule 5 draft. With the Orioles, Cortés competed for a spot on the Orioles' Opening Day roster as either a starting pitcher or relief pitcher. He made the Orioles' Opening Day roster in 2018 as a relief pitcher, and made his major league debut on March 31. Cortés allowed a grand slam to Josh Reddick on April 3, and then a walk with the bases loaded to Curtis Granderson followed by a grand slam by Josh Donaldson on April 9. The Orioles designated Cortés for assignment the next day.


title: Nestor Cortés Jr.

text: On April 13, 2018, the Orioles returned Cortes to the Yankees. He played in one game for Trenton before returning to Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, combining for a 6–6 record and a 3.68 ERA in 24 games. After the regular season, Cortes played for the Estrellas Orientales of the Dominican Winter League, where he learned how to throw a cut fastball.


title: Nestor Cortés Jr.

text: The Yankees invited Cortés to spring training as a non-roster player in 2019. He did not make the team and was assigned to Scranton/Wilkes-Barre. The Yankees promoted him to the major leagues on May 9. On June 15, he earned his first major league win, striking out seven batters, and allowing two earned runs in five innings. On June 21, 2019, he was optioned to Triple-A with Aaron Judge coming off the injured list. He was 5–1 with an ERA of 5.67 in 33 games.


title: Nestor Cortés Jr.

text: On November 25, 2019, Cortes was traded to the Seattle Mariners in exchange for international bonus pool money. In 2020, Cortes gave up 13 runs over innings pitched. On October 22, 2020, Cortes was outrighted off of the 40-man roster after he was activated from the 60-day disabled list, and elected free agency.


title: Nestor Cortés Jr.

text: On December 20, 2020, Cortes signed a minor league contract to return to the New York Yankees organization. The Yankees promoted Cortes to the major leagues on May 30, 2021. Throughout the 2021 season Cortes became a favorite of Yankees fans, as his signature mustache, along with his unique style of pitching and many productive appearances garnered him much praise, along with the moniker "Nasty Nestor." He finished the year with 93 innings pitched over 22 games (14 started) to go along with a 2.90 ERA and 103 strikeouts.


title: Nestor Cortés Jr.

text: Cortes began the 2022 season in the Yankees starting rotation. Cortes threw an immaculate inning against the Orioles on April 16, 2022. Against the Texas Rangers on May 9, Cortes pitched innings before allowing his first hit. 2022 saw the first All-Star Game appearance for Cortes, where in the bottom of the sixth inning, he registered two strikeouts, a hit by pitch, and a walk in an inning pitched.


title: Nestor Cortés Jr.

text: Cortés throws a four-seam fastball that averages approximately . He also throws a cutter, slider, changeup and a less common curveball. His curveball has been registered as slow as .


title: Nestor Cortés Jr.

text: Cortés hides the ball well in his wind-up, which helps to alleviate the problems presented by his shorter frame. When throwing a slider or curveball, his arm angle is slightly lower than his four-seam fastball.


title: Nestor Cortés Jr.

text: Cortés also employs trickery in his wind-up to throw hitters off. He sometimes varies his step timing and sometimes pauses and rocks back and forth in the middle of his wind-up, and occasionally abbreviates his wind-up and releases the ball very quickly.


title: Ethan Juan

text: Ethan Juan (, born 8 November 1982) is a Taiwanese actor and model. He rose to prominence with the television series "Fated to Love You" (2008). Juan won the Best Actor award at the 47th Golden Horse Awards for his role in "Monga" in 2010.


title: Ethan Juan

text: Juan grew up in Taichung, Taiwan, with ancestral roots in Zhejiang. He comes from a military family: his father is a soldier, his mother is a military nurse, and his younger brother is an air force pilot. As a competitive swimmer in his early years, Juan's numerous achievements and awards (including first place at the Taichung City Duathlon) gained him admission into the highly prestigious National Teaching First Senior High School. However, owing to his rebellious streak as a teenager, he eventually dropped out; only graduating after numerous transfers in five different high schools. Thereafter, he held several part-time jobs.


title: Ethan Juan

text: During this time, Juan also attended and later graduated from the private Hsing Wu University with a major in tourism. It was in 2002 when he accompanied a friend to an audition that he was discovered by the talent agency and began his first showbiz career starring in Penny Tai's music video for "Once Fell In Love" (愛過). Juan was a full-time model before turning to mainstream acting.


title: Ethan Juan

text: Juan began his career in entertainment industry with Catwalk Modelling Agency. As a model, he starred in the music videos of several popular artists, including but not limited to Stefanie Sun, A-Mei and S.H.E. He made his debut in the 2004 television series "Michael the Archangel". Subsequently, Juan took on other dramas such as "Green Forest, My Home" (2005) and "Summer x Summer" (2006).


title: Ethan Juan

text: However, despite proving to be a promising actor, Juan's career failed to take off. It was only after he starred in the 2008 drama, "Fated to Love You" that he managed to achieve breakthrough. "Fated to Love You" was the highest rated Taiwanese idol drama.


title: Ethan Juan

text: Marking another breakthrough in his career, Juan won the Best Leading Actor award at the 47th Golden Horse Awards for his role in the gangster film "Monga" in 2010. He subsequently made a name for himself in film, starring in romance film "Love" (2012) by "Monga" director Doze Niu and wuxia film "The Guillotines" by Andrew Lau.


title: Ethan Juan

text: Post military, Juan reunited again "Monga" director Doze Niu in the military film "Paradise in Service" (2014), which earned him a nomination at the Asian Film Awards for Best Actor.


title: Ethan Juan

text: In 2017, Juan returned to the small screen with the tomb-raiding drama "The Weasel Grave", eight years after his previous drama "My Queen" in 2009. The same year, played the role of a psychotic killer in the crime suspense film "The Liquidator".


title: Ethan Juan

text: Juan served one year of alternative service in lieu of military service due to his flat feet (a recognized medical condition) in Taiwan, and was discharged on January 11, 2013.


title: Ethan Juan

text: During his post at the Ministry of Education in New Taipei City, he received a monthly salary of NT$9,955.


title: Ethan Juan

text: After his release from military service, his long-term contract expired with Catwalk. On 5 March 2013, Juan announced that he will be opening a talent management agency together with Doze Niu and ).


title: Tuo Chiang-class corvette

text: The "Tuo Chiang"-class corvette () is a Taiwanese-designed class of fast (up to ) and stealthy multi-mission corvettes built for the Republic of China (Taiwan) Navy. It is designed to counter the numerous and increasingly sophisticated People's Liberation Army Navy ships by utilizing hit-and-run tactics, and thus featured clean upper structure design with very few extrusions to reduce radar signature, pre-cooled engine exhaust to reduce infrared signature, and a reduced visual signature to reduce chance of detection.


title: Tuo Chiang-class corvette

text: The program was announced by the Republic of China (Taiwan) Ministry of National Defense (MND) on 12 April 2010. It was developed by the Naval Shipbuilding Center in Kaohsiung, The "Tuo Chiang" class was developed to address common weakness of traditional small warships such as patrol craft and corvettes not fit for extended periods of time in rough seas around Taiwan Island.


title: Tuo Chiang-class corvette

text: In 2011, the Taiwanese Legislative Yuan approved a NT$24.98 billion (US$853.4 million) budget to fund the construction of up to 12 ships. On 18 April 2011 a top military officer and a lawmaker announced that the construction of a 500-ton prototype would begin in 2012. In the Taipei Aerospace and Defense Technology Exhibition in 2013, the Navy unveiled a model of the "Hsun Hai" project corvette. The prototype of the "Hsun Hai" program was named and christened on Friday, 14 March 2014 as ROCS "Tuo Chiang" (PGG-618) in honor of the gunboat in the "September 2 Sea Battle" during Second Taiwan Strait Crisis.


title: Tuo Chiang-class corvette

text: The Ministry of National Defense has prepared a budget of more than 16.395 billion yuan from next year to 2025 in order to secure the follow-up mass production of three Tuojiang ships. The mass production cost of the Tuojiang ship is 3.2 billion higher than that of the first prototype ship already in service, after deducting the hull. After the extra 500 million yuan in Taitai, the cost of the mass-produced type is more than 2.7 billion yuan more than that of the prototype ship. The Navy said that the prototype ship did not take into account the cost of missiles, and the mass-produced type was mainly used for combat readiness. The anti-aircraft missile is the standard configuration of the ship, and the cost is the calculated construction cost after being quoted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences


title: Tuo Chiang-class corvette

text: In early 2016, the ROC Navy began plans for procuring three air defense frigates. It has been speculated that these frigates would possibly be catamarans based on the "Tuo River"-class hull. Expected weapon systems include the Mark 41 Vertical Launching System (VLS) equipped with a naval variant of the Sky Bow III and the Sky Sword II, as well as the Sea Oryx CIWS system. It will field a ballistic missile defense version of the Sky Bow III missile defense system to shoot down incoming enemy ballistic missiles.


title: Tuo Chiang-class corvette

text: In 2019 work commenced on the first of twelve 600+ ton coastal patrol vessels for the Coast Guard Administration, the Anping-class offshore patrol vessel, based on the "Tuo Chiang"-class corvette at the Jong Shyn Shipbuilding Company's Kaohsiung shipyard.


title: Tuo Chiang-class corvette

text: In December 2020 the first of the improved Tuo Chiang-class corvettes, PGG-619 "Ta Chiang", was launched in Yilan. 6 improved models are to be delivered by 2023. According to Janes the new models feature improvements in "weaponry, mission systems, and design."


title: Tuo Chiang-class corvette

text: The ship is a wave-piercing catamaran design which is long, wide and carries a crew of 41. It is capable of a top speed of 40 knots and a range of . It is armed with eight subsonic Hsiung Feng II and eight supersonic Hsiung Feng III anti-ship missiles launchers, a Phalanx Close-In Weapons System, and a main gun. The ship can operate up to sea state 7 in waves up to high. Taiwan Security Analysis Center (TAISAC) stated that the ship features stealth technologies to minimize radar detection, a combat system that includes a distributed-architecture combat direction system known as "Taiwan Aegis" developed by the National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology and an indigenous search/track and fire-control radar and electro-optical director.


title: Tuo Chiang-class corvette

text: The ship increases its survivability in naval warfare by utilizing advanced stealth technology and low radar cross section (RCS), which makes it less detectable by radar and allows it to be obscured by background radar noise when operating closer to the coastline.


title: Cefepime

text: Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefepime has an extended spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with greater activity against both types of organism than third-generation agents. A 2007 meta-analysis suggested when data of trials were combined, mortality was increased in people treated with cefepime compared with other β-lactam antibiotics. In response, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) performed their own meta-analysis which found no mortality difference.


title: Cefepime

text: Cefepime was patented in 1982 by Bristol-Myers Squibb and approved for medical use in 1994. It is available as a generic drug and sold under a variety of trade names worldwide.


title: Cefepime

text: Cefepime is usually reserved to treat moderate to severe nosocomial pneumonia, infections caused by multiple drug-resistant microorganisms (e.g. "Pseudomonas aeruginosa") and empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia.


title: Cefepime

text: Cefepime has good activity against important pathogens including "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Staphylococcus aureus", and multiple drug-resistant "Streptococcus pneumoniae". A particular strength is its activity against Enterobacteriaceae. Whereas other cephalosporins are degraded by many plasmid- and chromosome-mediated beta-lactamases, cefepime is stable and is a front-line agent when infection with Enterobacteriaceae is known or suspected.


title: Cefepime

text: Cefepime is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and has been used to treat bacteria responsible for causing pneumonia and infections of the skin and urinary tract. Some of these bacteria include "Pseudomonas", "Escherichia", and "Streptococcus" species. The following represents MIC susceptibility data for a few medically significant microorganisms:


title: Cefepime

text: The combination of the "syn"-configuration of the methoxy imino moiety and the aminothiazole moiety confers extra stability to β-lactamase enzymes produced by many bacteria. The "N"-methyl pyrrolidine moiety increases penetration into Gram-negative bacteria. These factors increase the activity of cefepime against otherwise resistant organisms including "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" and "Staphylococcus aureus".


title: Cefepime

text: Following expiration of the Bristol-Myers Squibb patent, cefepime became available as a generic and is now marketed by numerous companies worldwide under tradenames including Neopime (Neomed), Maxipime, Cepimax, Cepimex, and Axepim.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: The Battle of Corregidor (; ), fought on May 5–6, 1942, was the culmination of the Japanese campaign for the conquest of the Commonwealth of the Philippines during World War II.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: The fall of Bataan on April 9, 1942, ended all organized opposition by the U.S. Army Forces Far East to the invading Japanese forces on Luzon, in the northern Philippines. The island bastion of Corregidor, with its network of tunnels and formidable array of defensive armaments, along with the fortifications across the entrance to Manila Bay, was the remaining obstacle to the 14th Japanese Imperial Army of Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma. Homma had to take Corregidor, since as long as the island remained in American hands, the Japanese would be denied the use of Manila Bay, the finest natural harbor in the Far East.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: Corregidor, officially named Fort Mills, was the largest of four fortified islands protecting the mouth of Manila Bay and had been fortified prior to World War I with powerful coastal artillery. Some long and across at its head, the tadpole-shaped island was from Bataan. Its widest and elevated area, known as Topside, held most of the fort's 56 coastal artillery pieces and installations.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: Middleside was a small plateau containing battery positions as well as barracks. Bottomside was the lower area, where a dock area and the civilian town of San Jose were located. Americans called it "The Rock" or even the "Gibraltar of the East", comparing it to the fortress that guards the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Africa.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: The tunnel system under Malinta Hill was the most extensive construction on Corregidor. It contained a main east–west passage long with a diameter, in addition to 25 lateral passages, each about long, which branched out at regular intervals from each side of the main passage. A separate system of tunnels north of this housed the underground hospital. It had 12 laterals (tunnels) and space for 1,000 beds. The facility could be reached either through the main tunnel or by a separate outside entrance on the north side of Malinta Hill. The Navy tunnel system, which lay opposite the hospital, under the south side of Malinta was connected to the main tunnel by a partially completed low passageway through the quartermaster storage lateral.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: East of this was Malinta Tunnel, the location of General Douglas MacArthur's headquarters (Lieutenant General Jonathan M. Wainwright's headquarters during the battle, after MacArthur relocated to Australia on 12 March 1942). Reinforced with concrete walls, floors, and overhead arches, it also had blowers to furnish fresh air, and a double-track electric tramway line along the east–west passage. The Malinta Tunnel furnished bombproof shelters for the hospital, headquarters, and shops, as well as a maze of underground storehouses.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: The defensive arsenal on Corregidor was formidable with 45 coastal guns and mortars organized into 23 batteries, some seventy-two anti-aircraft weapons assigned to thirteen batteries and a minefield of approximately 35 groups of controlled mines. The two guns of Batteries Smith and Hearn, with a horizontal range of and all-around traverse were the longest range of all the island's artillery.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: Caballo Island, with Fort Hughes—just south of Corregidor—was the next largest in area. At about , the island rose abruptly from the bay to a height of on its western side. Commander Francis J. Bridget was in charge of its beach defenses with a total of 800 men, of whom 93 were Marines and 443 belonged to the Navy, by the end of April 1942. Coastal artillery numbered some 13 assorted pieces, including a single 14-inch M1910 field gun, four 12-inch M1912 mortars, two 6-inch M1908 guns, and 2 3-inch M1903 guns, with its anti-aircraft defenses are tied in with those of Corregidor.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: Fort Drum—which lay about south of Fort Hughes—was the most unusual of the harbor defenses. Military engineers had cut away the entire top of El Fraile Island down to the water-line and used the island as a foundation to build a reinforced concrete "battleship", long and wide, with exterior walls of concrete and steel thick. The top deck of this concrete battleship was above the low-water mark and had thick walls. Equipped with four guns in armored turrets facing seaward, a secondary battery of four casemated guns, and two anti-aircraft guns, the fort with its 200-man garrison was considered impregnable to attack.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: The last—Carabao Island—lay only from the shores of Cavite Province. Except at one point along its eastern shore, the island rises precipitously from the sea in cliffs more than high. The Americans had placed Fort Frank on this island, which late in 1941, had a military garrison of about 400 men, mostly Philippine Scouts. Its armament consisted of two guns, eight mortars, four GPFs, as well as anti-aircraft and beach defense weapons.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: All four forts in Manila Bay—as well as Fort Wint in Subic Bay—had been formed before the war into an organization called the Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays, which by August 1941 became a part of the Philippine Coast Artillery Command. Both were under Major General George F. Moore who also commanded the Corregidor garrison. The 5,700 men of the Harbor Defense Force were assigned to four Coast Artillery Regiments: the 59th, 60th, 91st, and 92nd CA (the 60th CA being an antiaircraft artillery unit and the 91st and 92d CA Philippine Scouts units), plus headquarters and service troops.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: About 500 Philippine Army soldiers in training were organized into the 1st and 2nd Coast Artillery Regiments (PA), but operated under the control of the two PS regiments. Gen. Moore organized the force into four commands to exercise tactical control: (1) seaward defense, and (2) North and South Channels defense, under Colonel Paul D. Bunker; (3) anti-aircraft and air warning defenses under Col. Theodore M. Chase, and (4) inshore patrol under Captain Kenneth M. Hoeffel of the US Navy's 16th Naval District.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: After their evacuation from Olongapo in Zambales, close to Subic Naval Base on December 26, the 4th Marine Regiment—under the command of Col. Samuel L. Howard—became the primary fighting unit on the island. Corregidor's garrison received the largest group of reinforcements right after the fall of Bataan, with some 72 officers and 1,173 enlisted men from more than fifty different units were integrated and assigned to the 4th Marine Regiment. Few of the reinforcements were trained or equipped for ground combat. By April 30, 1942, the 4th Marines actually numbered 229 officers and 3,770 men, of whom only 1,500 were members of the Corps.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: On December 29, 1941, the defenders got their first taste of aerial bombardment on Corregidor. The attack lasted for two hours as the Japanese destroyed or damaged the hospital, Topside and Bottomside barracks, the Navy fuel depot and the officers club. Three days later, the island garrison was bombed for more than three hours.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: Periodic bombing continued over the next four days, but with only two more raids for the rest of January, the defenders had a chance to improve their positions considerably. To the amusement of the beach defenders on Corregidor, the Japanese dropped only propaganda leaflets on January 29.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: On 3 February 1942 arrived at Corregidor with 3,500 rounds of 3-inch anti-aircraft ammunition. Along with mail and important documents, "Trout" was loaded with 20 tons of gold and silver previously removed from banks in the Philippines before departing.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: On March 12, under cover of darkness, Gen. MacArthur was evacuated from Corregidor, using four PT boats bound for Mindanao, from where he was eventually flown to Australia. He left Lt. Gen Jonathan M. Wainwright in command in the Philippines.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: From December 29 to the end of April 1942, despite incessant Japanese aerial, naval and artillery bombardment, the garrison on Corregidor, which consisted of the 4th Marine Regiment and combined units from the United States Army, the US Navy, and locally recruited Filipino soldiers, resisted valiantly, inflicting heavy enemy losses in men and aircraft.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: The defenders were living on about 30 ounces of food per day. Drinking water was distributed only twice a day, but the constant bombing and shelling often interrupted the distribution of rations. When the bombardment killed horses of the Cavalry, the men would drag the carcasses down to the mess hall for consumption. The continued lack of proper diet created problems for the Corregidor garrison, as men weakened and lacked reliable night vision. From Cebu, seven private ships under orders from the army, loaded with a supply of food, sailed towards Corregidor. Only one reached the island, the MV "Princessa" commanded by 3rd Lieutenant Zosimo Cruz (USAFFE).


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: Japanese artillery bombardment of Corregidor began immediately after the fall of Bataan on 9 April. It became intense over the next few weeks as more guns were brought up, and one day's shelling was said to equal all the bombing raids combined in damage inflicted. However, after an initial response from a 155 mm GPF battery, Lt. Gen. Wainwright prohibited counterbattery fire for three days, fearing there were wounded POWs on Bataan who might be killed.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: Japanese bombing and shelling continued with unrelenting ferocity. Japanese aircraft flew 614 missions, dropping 1,701 bombs totaling some 365 tons of explosive. Joining the aerial bombardment were nine howitzers, thirty-four howitzers, and 32 other artillery pieces, which pounded Corregidor day and night. It was estimated that on May 4 alone, more than 16,000 shells hit Corregidor.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: As of about April 15, 1942, the combined strength of the four fortified islands—including US Army, Philippine Scouts, Philippine Army, US Marine Corps, US Navy, Philippine Navy, and civilians—totaled about 14,728.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: From April 28, a concentrated aerial bombardment by the 22nd Air Brigade of Maj. Gen. Kizon Mikami—supported by ground artillery on Bataan from May 1–5, preceded landing operations.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: On the night of 4 May a submarine returning to Australia from patrol evacuated 25 persons. Among the passengers were Colonel Constant Irwin, who carried a complete roster of all Army, Navy, and Marine personnel still alive; Col. Royal G. Jenks, a finance officer, with financial accounts; Col. Milton A. Hill, the inspector general, 3 other Army and 6 Navy officers, and about 13 nurses. Included in the cargo sent from Corregidor were several bags of mail, the last to go out of the Philippines, and "many USAFFE and USFIP records and orders."


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: Japanese propaganda to its home population repeatedly declared in this period that Corregidor was about to fall, followed by weeks of silence when it did not happen. Imperial General Headquarters finally declared that the resistance was becoming a serious embarrassment.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: On May 5, Japanese forces led by Maj. Gen. Kureo Taniguchi boarded landing craft and barges and headed for the final assault on Corregidor. Shortly before midnight, intense shelling struck the beaches between North Point and Cavalry Point. The initial landing of 790 Japanese soldiers quickly bogged down due to surprisingly fierce resistance from the American and Filipino defenders, whose 37 mm artillery exacted a heavy toll on the invasion fleet. It was a bloodbath. Observers at Cabcaben described the scene as "a spectacle that confounded the imagination, surpassing in grim horror anything we had ever seen before."


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: The Japanese landing was difficult because of the strong sea currents between Bataan and Corregidor, as well as the layers of oil that covered the beaches from ships sunk earlier in the siege. They had considerable trouble landing personnel and equipment. However, the sheer numbers of the Japanese infantry, equipped with 50 mm grenade launchers ("knee mortars"), eventually forced the defenders to pull back from the beach.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: The second battalion of 785 Japanese soldiers was not as successful. They landed east of North Point, where the defensive positions held by the 4th Marines Regiment were stronger. Most of the Japanese officers were quickly killed, and the huddled survivors were hit with hand grenades, machine guns, and rifle fire. Nevertheless, some of the landing managed to unite with the first invasion force, and together they moved inland and had captured the Denver Battery by 01:30 on May 6.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: The Americans launched a counterattack to eject the Japanese from the Denver Battery, and this saw the heaviest fighting between the opposing forces, virtually hand to hand. The counterattack went quite well in the beginning, managing to overrun the Japanese position on the western slope of Denver Battery Hill. Lieutenant Otter and 6 other ranks advanced near the gun pit, where a Japanese heavy machine gun was positioned. They all threw grenades into the pit and put the gun out of action. Immediately after that, a group of Japanese occupied the gun pit and wiped out Otter and 4 of his men. Thus, the counterattack stalled and did not make any more progress.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: By 04:30, Colonel Howard had committed his last reserves, consisting of about 500 Marines, a few sailors, and the soldiers of the 4th Battalion. These reinforcement tried to join the battle as quickly as possible, but Japanese snipers had slipped behind the front lines and any movement was very costly. To make matters worse, another 880 Japanese reinforcements arrived at 05:30. The 4th Marines held their positions, but the Americans were losing ground in other areas. The Japanese had a problem of their own: several ammunition crates never made the landing, due to the sailors's fear of getting hit by American artillery. As a result, several Japanese attacks and counterattacks were made using bayonets.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: The defenders' final blow came at 09:30, when three Japanese tanks were landed and immediately went into action. The tanks destroyed and routed the counterattack at Denver Battery. The men withdrew to the ruins of a concrete trench a few yards from the entrance to Malinta tunnel. At the same moment, Japanese artillery delivered a heavy barrage. Aware of the consequences if the Japanese captured the tunnel, where about 1,000 helpless wounded men lay, and realizing the Malinta tunnel could not hold out much longer, Wainright knew that more Japanese would be landed at night. He decided to sacrifice one more day of freedom in exchange for several thousand lives.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: In a radio message to President Franklin Roosevelt, Wainwright said, "There is a limit of human endurance, and that point has long been passed." Colonel Howard burned the 4th Marine Regiment's flag as well as the national colors to prevent their capture. Wainwright surrendered the Corregidor garrison at about 1:30 p.m. on May 6, 1942, with two officers sent forward with a white flag to carry his surrender message to the Japanese.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: The Japanese losses from January 1 – April 30 and from the initial assault landings on May 5/6, were about 900 dead and 1,200 wounded, while the defenders suffered 800 dead and 1,000 wounded.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: Corregidor's defeat marked the fall of the Philippines and Asia, but Imperial Japan's timetable for the conquest of Australia and the rest of the Pacific was severely upset. Its advance was ultimately checked at the battle for New Guinea, and at Guadalcanal, the turning point in the Pacific War.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: About 4,000 of the 11,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war from Corregidor were marched through the streets of Manila to incarceration at Fort Santiago and Bilibid Prison, criminal detention centers turned POW camps. US Army and Navy nurses (the "Angels of Bataan and Corregidor") continued to work on Corregidor for several weeks, and were then sent to Santo Tomas. The rest were sent off in trains to various Japanese prison camps. General Wainwright was incarcerated in Manchuria. Over the course of the war, thousands were shipped to the Japanese home islands as slave labor. Some were eventually freed at the Raid at Cabanatuan and during the battle for Manila's liberation. While most of the Allied forces on Corregidor surrendered, many individuals continued fighting as guerrillas.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: General Masaharu Homma, who conquered the Philippines in five months instead of the projected two, ended up being relieved of his command.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: An unnamed Marine from the 4th Marine Regiment wrote the following lyrics to the tune of the 'Marines' Hymn,' just before going into battle in Corregidor. The author of "The Corregidor Hymn" was captured by the Japanese in the battle and was never seen again.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: The Pacific War Memorial was built on Corregidor in memory of the American and Filipino soldiers who died.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: The bridge in Chicago, Illinois, where State Street crosses the Chicago River is named the 'Bataan-Corregidor Memorial Bridge'.


title: Battle of Corregidor

text: The bridge over the Farmington River on Connecticut Route 185 in Simsbury, Connecticut was renamed the 'Bataan Corregidor Memorial Bridge' in honor of World War II servicemen who fought in the Battle of Bataan and the Battle of Corregidor. Connecticut State Senator Kevin Witkos hosted the dedication ceremony on Saturday, December 7, 2013.


title: Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan

text: Kazakhstan is a multiethnic country where the indigenous ethnic group, the Kazakhs, comprise the majority of the population. As of 2021, ethnic Kazakhs are about 70% of the population and ethnic Russians in Kazakhstan are about 16%. These are the two dominant ethnic groups in the country with a wide array of other groups represented, including Ukrainians, Uzbeks, Germans, Tatars, Chechens, Ingush, Uyghurs, Koreans, and Meskhetian Turks.


title: Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan

text: Kazakhstan's dominant ethnic group, the Kazakhs, traces its origin to the 15th century, when after disintegration of Golden Horde, number of Turkic and Turco-Mongol tribes united to establish the Kazakh Khanate. With a cohesive culture and a national identity, they constituted an absolute majority on the land until Russian colonization.<br>


title: Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan

text: Russian advancement into the territory of Kazakhstan began in the late 18th century, when the Kazakhs nominally accepted Russian rule in exchange for protection against repeated attacks by the western Mongolian Kalmyks. In the 1890s, Russian peasants began to settle the fertile lands of northern Kazakhstan, causing many Kazakhs to move eastwards into Chinese territory in search of new grazing grounds.


title: Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan

text: A big factor that greatly shaped the ethnic composition of Kazakhstan were major famines of the 1920s and of the 1930s. According to different estimates, in the 1930s up to 40% of Kazakhs either died of starvation or fled the territory. Official government census data report the contraction of Kazakh population from 3.6 million in 1926, to 2.3 million in 1939.


title: Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan

text: By the mid 20th century, Kazakhstan was home to virtually all ethnic groups that had ever come under the Russian sphere of influence. This diverse demography stemmed from the country's central location and its historical use by Russia as a place to send colonists, dissidents, and minority groups from its other frontiers. From the 1930s until the 1950s, both Russian opposition (and Russians who were "accused" of being part of the opposition) and certain minorities (especially Volga Germans, Poles, Ukrainians, Crimean Tatars and Kalmyks) had been interned in labor camps, often merely due to their heritage or beliefs, mostly on collective orders by Joseph Stalin. This makes Kazakhstan one of the few places on Earth where normally-disparate Germanic, Indo-Iranian, Koreans, Chechen, and Turkic groups live together in a rural setting and not as a result of modern immigration.


title: Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan

text: After the fall of the Soviet Union, the German population of Kazakhstan ("Kasachstandeutsche") proceeded to emigrate en masse during the 1990s, as Germany was willing to repatriate these so-called "Spätaussiedler", and many Russians went back to Russia. Also, many of the Greek took the chance to repatriate to Greece. Some groups have fewer good options for emigration, but because of the economic situation are also leaving at rates comparable to the rest of the former East bloc.


title: Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan

text: Total Slavic/European population 27.0% in 2009 (compared with 60.3% in 1959, 57.3% in 1970, 54.5% in 1979, 49.8% in 1989 and 39.0% in 1999).


title: Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan

text: As explained above, the Slavic groups have been declining ever since the 1960s, due to low birth rates and high death rates. Germans are characterized by very high birth rates, but it is mostly due to the high proportion of rural population and the presence of conservative religious factions like Mennonites and Evangelical Lutherans among them.


title: Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan

text: Most of the inter-ethnic marriages in Kazakhstan has been between various Slavic or Germanic groups (Russian - Ukrainian, German - Ukrainian, Russian - Polish or German - Russian). Inter-marriages between Turkic and European ethnic groups are increasing, but still quite rare.


title: Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan

text: Slavic and Germanic groups have been emigrating en masse since the 1960s, and the movement accelerated during the 1990s after the breakup of the Soviet Union. This has resulted in the reduction of the proportion of European ethnic groups in the population by more than half. More than 50% of the European Soviet ethnic groups have left Kazakhstan since 1989, and just 15% of the pre-1989 ethnic German population remains now in the country.


title: Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan

text: Most of the immigration has been directed towards Russia, but small numbers have been immigrating to Ukraine, Belarus and Armenia also. Before the German authorities stopped the repatriation of ethnic Germans and their non-German relatives, Germany was one of the most favored destination for all the ethnic groups. It is estimated that close to half of the 4.5 million Soviet Germans and their Slavic kin who now live in Germany are originally from Kazakhstan. Currently on average close to 2,000 ethnic Germans emigrate from Kazakhstan to ethnic German dominated areas in Russia such as Azovsky Nemetsky National District (Deutsche Nationalkreis Asowo) in Omsk Oblast and Nemetsky National District (Nationalkreis Halbstadt) in Altai Krai. Also, out of the 1.2 million Russian speaking Jews and Slavs who live in Israel, a significant portion is from Kazakhstan.


title: Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan

text: On the other hand, ethnic Kazakhs and Uzbeks have been immigrating in large numbers to Kazakhstan ever since the collapse of the USSR. These immigrants come not only from the southern Central Asian states such as Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, but also from the Kazakh dominated areas in Xinjiang and Mongolia. The Kazakh government is actively encouraging the settlement of these compatriots (known as "Oralman") in Slavic dominated North and East Kazakhstan as well as the German dominated Karaganda Region, in order to dilute the minority populations there. There is also a low intensity immigration of ethnic Slavs from the less tolerant neighboring nations like Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan into Kazakhstan. An estimated 400,000 Uzbeks have migrated to Kazakhstan in recent years.


title: Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan

text: According to the 2009 Census data, almost all the Central Asian Turkics are Muslims and Slavs are Orthodox (although more than 1% of Russians are Muslim), while Koreans are mixed between various different faiths including Christianity, Buddhism, Atheism, and Islam :


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: Father of the Bride is the fourth studio album by American indie rock band Vampire Weekend. It was released on May 3, 2019 by Columbia Records, as their first album on a major label.


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: The release marked the band's first project in nearly six years, following "Modern Vampires of the City" (2013), and the group's first project since multi-instrumentalist and producer Rostam Batmanglij's departure from the group. It was primarily produced by "Modern Vampires of the City" collaborator Ariel Rechtshaid and lead singer Ezra Koenig, and features numerous external collaborators, including Danielle Haim, Steve Lacy, Dave Macklovitch of Chromeo, DJ Dahi, Sam Gendel, BloodPop, and Batmanglij. The pop and indie rock album is musically diverse and heavily referential, contrasting heavy and direct lyrics against a bright spring-time musical mood, with its wide range of influences including country music and jam bands.


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: The album was preceded by three double singles: "Harmony Hall" / "2021", "Sunflower" / "Big Blue" and "This Life" / "Unbearably White". Upon release, it received widespread acclaim from music critics, earning the band their second Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album as well as their first nomination for the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. It was also a commercial success, becoming the group's third consecutive album to debut at number one on the US "Billboard" 200. The band promoted the album with a global tour, featuring an expanded seven-person lineup.


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: In May 2013, the band released "Modern Vampires of the City" to critical and commercial success, winning the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album. The album was promoted with a world tour, which concluded in September 2014. Tired from the tour, the band took a break from writing and recording. During this period, Koenig created the animated television series "Neo Yokio" and co-wrote and produced "Hold Up" from Beyoncé's "Lemonade". He also gradually relocated from New York City to Los Angeles.


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: On January 26, 2016, Rostam Batmanglij announced his departure from the band via Twitter, emphasizing that he and Koenig would continue to collaborate. Later the same day, Koenig announced that Vampire Weekend had begun working on their fourth album, under the working title "Mitsubishi Macchiato", with Batmanglij contributing to the record. In November 2016 it was reported that the group had signed to Columbia Records, marking their departure from XL Recordings. During 2016 Koenig spent time writing the album and researching in libraries with grad students. In March 2017, he said the album would feature a "spring-time" vibe and at the time consisted of songs entitled "Flower Moon" and "Conversation".


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: The album was primarily recorded in producer Ariel Rechtshaid's home studio in Silver Lake, Los Angeles – dubbed Effie Street Studios – as well as Vox Studios in Hollywood and Sony Music Studios in Tokyo. This led to numerous collaborations with Danielle Haim, who lives with Rechtshaid. In September 2017 Koenig said the album was "about 80% done". Batmanglij was involved in the album, and in a December interview Koenig noted that their method of partnership had not changed despite Batmanglij's departure from the band. He also stated that working with Kanye West had inspired him to include a wider variety of musicians on the album, and that his songwriting for the album had been influenced by country singer Kacey Musgraves. On the influence he said, "I'm the type of person who has spent hours poring over the avant-garde poetic lyrics of certain songwriters, and there was something that felt so good [about how] from the first verse, you knew who was singing, who they were singing to, what kind of situation they were in", noting that this hadn't applied to many Vampire Weekend songs. On August 4, 2018, Koenig announced that the album had been completed.


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: The pop and indie rock album is heavily referential both lyrically and musically, channeling a springtime mood despite its "encyclopedic" density. It explores a broader musical palette than past releases by the band, and contrasts warm, pleasant music against heavy and dark lyrics. Key musical styles explored throughout the album include R&B, soul, country, folk, rock, art pop and baroque pop. The double album's wide range of musical styles has been compared to the Beatles' White Album (1968), although Koenig considers the album closer to more thematically cohesive double albums such as Bruce Springsteen's "The River" (1980) and Paolo Conte's "Aguaplano" (1987). The loose style of the album has been compared to jam bands such as the Grateful Dead and Phish. It has also been described as more American than previous the group's earlier work, with Koenig's voice and guitar both adapting a roots twang, and songs channeling the Great American Songbook.


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: The album's lyrical style is more direct and straightforward than Koenig's previous writing, inspired by American country singer Kacey Musgraves. Themes explored on the album include lost youth, romantic downfall, political strife, uncertainty, doom, complacency, environmentalism, and existentialism, with an eventual arc towards redemption and rebirth. Weddings and churches act as recurring motifs exploring love, and the album frequently features biblical imagery. Koenig considers the album to be more lyrically cohesive than previous work, stating: "the genres, maybe, and the references go all over the place but I actually think lyrically it’s one of the most unified [Vampire Weekend] albums".


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: "Hold You Now" has been described by "The Times" as "a gorgeous, folky opener". It contains a sample from Hans Zimmer's choral score for "The Thin Red Line". It is the first of three duets with Danielle Haim on the album, and its simple lyrics feature Koenig and Haim trading verses about seizing the moment in a relationship. Koenig described these duets as the album's "tentpoles", taking inspiration from country duets by Conway Twitty and Loretta Lynn. He chose to open the album with sparse vocals and acoustic guitar because he thought it was a "weird way to open a Vampire Weekend record". "Harmony Hall" features warm and joyful music, with a "springtime" mood, and has been compared musically to the Grateful Dead's "Touch of Grey" (1987). Influences from rave, baggy and Madchester music from 1990s England, such as "Unbelievable" by EMF, are also evident in its piano and beat, with Baroque elements in its bridge. The "buoyant" music is juxtaposed against dark lyrics, with the track interpolating the line "I don't wanna live like this, but I don't wanna die" from "Finger Back" on the band's previous album "Modern Vampires of the City" (2013). The brief and eclectic "Bambina", inspired by Couperin's Les Barricades Mystérieuses, features vocoder and "crunchy" guitars. The musically bright and upbeat "This Life" contains handclaps and lively guitars, with Koenig's lyrics exploring "spiritual uncertainty" with levity, interpolating the line "You’ve been cheating on, cheating on me / I’ve been cheating on, cheating on you" from "Tonight" by American rapper iLoveMakonnen. It has been musically compared to "Brown Eyed Girl" by Van Morrison (1967). "Big Blue" ambiguously explores religious and cosmic uncertainty, with the concise track including ambient arpeggios, sporadic drum samples, "flowery" harmonies, a choir and detuned guitar riffs as it builds dynamically. Its sparse electronic backdrop has been compared to the music on Kanye West's "808s & Heartbreak" (2008), while its "weeping" guitar style has been compared to the works of George Harrison.


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: The "lurching" art pop of "How Long?" contrasts jovial and funky keyboards, sound effects, harmonies and guitars against dark and bitter lyrics about the potential demise of Los Angeles. Writing the song, Koenig was inspired by both hip hop and alternative rock from the 1990s. "Unbearably White" is a "colorful" art pop song, which develops to incorporate isolated vocals, handbells, jazz fusion-inspired bass guitar, and orchestral surges, and lyrically discusses a failing relationship. Despite the title's allusion to criticisms of the band, the track does not primarily explore race. The cryptic "Rich Man" samples palm-wine guitarist S. E. Rogie, and features lush strings, with Koenig "crooning" about romance, wealth and ratios. Koenig began writing the song at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards where the group won Best Alternative Music Album for "Modern Vampires of the City". "Married in a Gold Rush" is a "lush" country song, and the second on the album to feature Danielle Haim.


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: The regretful and moody "My Mistake" incorporates jazz, lounge and experimentalism, featuring "watery" sampled field sounds. The freak folk and flamenco song "Sympathy" contains influences from Schaffel techno, rave, and English rock band New Order. It has been described as "one of the band's most bonkers tracks to date", while Koenig has characterized it as "the most metal Vampire Weekend’s ever gotten". The unorthodox and psychedelic "Sunflower" opens with guitar, bass and scatted vocal runs in unison, reminiscent of prog, with its chorus shifting to warm soul-pop. It features abstract lyrics and channels the musical palette of the 1970s, with Koenig comparing the track to the music of Phish. The track features the Internet singer and guitarist Steve Lacy, who also contributed to companion track "Flower Moon", which has been described as an auto-tuned chorale, in the style of the Beach Boys and music from Soweto. "2021" is a minimal and romantic ballad, built around a sample of ambient track "Talking", composed in the 1980s by Haruomi Hosono for Japanese retail company Muji. It features a soft pulsing synthesizer and fingerpicked guitars, along with a distorted vocal sample of the word "boy" sung by Jenny Lewis.


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: The anthemic and extravagant "We Belong Together" is the third and final duet with Haim, and has been compared to "Mull of Kintyre" (1977) by Wings and the production work of Kanye West. The track incorporates an early demo recorded by Koenig and Rostam Batmanglij at Martha's Vineyard in April 2012, as well as a separate idea Koenig wrote at a piano; Koenig has described it as potentially the band's most "wholesome" song. "Stranger" explores domesticity, musically incorporating saxophones into its relaxed groove. The song's lyric "things have never been stranger; things are gonna stay strange" has been widely highlighted as a microcosm of the album's core message. Koenig has said that the song explores "when you’re in a house and you hear other people having a good time and you don’t feel left out because you have a sense of belonging". The "in media res" narrative of "Spring Snow" laments a farewell to a lover, depicting harsh rays of sunglight and heavy snow against a musical backdrop of chamber pop with a Latin groove. The "sad" album closer "Jerusalem, New York, Berlin" references the Balfour Declaration, and has musically been compared to the works of Scottish electronic musician Sophie. Koenig chose the three titular cities for their significance to the Jewish people, in order to explore the "struggle of identity". He also found significance in what the three cities represented more broadly, with Jerusalem signifying religion, New York signifying money and Berlin signifying culture.


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: The album's Japanese bonus tracks include "Houston Dubai", a cover of Mickey Newbury's "I Don't Think Much About Her No More" (1969) and "Lord Ullin's Daughter". The latter song features English actor Jude Law reciting Scottish poet Thomas Campbell's poem of the same name over a stripped back rendition of "Big Blue".


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: The album's simple cover artwork depicts a globe in a cartoon style that has been compared to the aesthetics of 1960s grass-roots group Another Mother for Peace, 1990s environmentalism and the early internet. The artwork also places emphasis on the Sony Music logo, and has been described as "in keeping with Koenig’s idiosyncratic idea of kitsch". Discussing the cover, Koenig commented that he "always knew [he] wanted the Earth to be on this raw digital white background", and expressed interest in the idea of "bright, raw whiteness", such as on a blank piece of paper or the peak of a mountain, as well as on digital screens, relating the idea to the track "Unbearably White". He also stated that the artwork relates to the album's motif of ecology, and a nostalgia for the optimism of environmentalism in the 1990s. He initially considered using the poster for anime film "Mobile Suit Gundam 00 Special Edition III: Return the World" (2010) as the album's artwork, but decided that due to the album's length "the album cover ha[d] to be incredibly simple. Not full of texture and detail". Koenig has likened this simplicity to the covers of other double albums such as the Beatles' White Album (1968), Fleetwood Mac's "Tusk" (1979) and Bruce Springsteen's "The River" (1980).


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: In September 2017, Koenig began teasing the album's progression through updates on the percentage of its completion. Music from the album was debuted in June 2018 as a part of the band's first live show since 2014, in Ojai, California. At the show Koenig performed a snippet of "Flower Moon", noting that the song featured Steve Lacy. During the group's Lollapalooza after-show in August, the group debuted new music from Koenig's phone for the audience, including "Harmony Hall" and "Sunflower".


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: On January 17, 2019, Koenig announced the album title's initialism, "FOTB", as well as its length. He also revealed that the album would be promoted by three monthly double A-side singles. The album's first singles, "Harmony Hall" and "2021", were released on January 24, 2019, with the album's full title announced. A music video for "Harmony Hall" was released in February, directed by Emmett Malloy. The second double single, consisting of "Sunflower" featuring Lacy, and "Big Blue" was released on March 6, alongside an announcement of the album's May 3 release date and artwork. The Jonah Hill-directed music video for "Sunflower" was released the following week. The final double single was released on April 4, including "This Life" and "Unbearably White". A music video for "This Life" was released on May 20, also directed by Malloy.


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: On February 28, 2020, a deluxe version of the album was released on digital platforms, containing of three tracks which had previously only been available on the album's Japanese release.


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: The band incorporated an expanded touring line-up to promote the album, with Brian Robert Jones, Greta Morgan, Garrett Ray and Will Canzoneri joining the group. In January 2019, the band announced a North American tour, beginning on May 17 at Gulf Shores, Alabama, for Hangout Music Festival. Supporting acts for the tour include Angélique Kidjo, Despot and Soccer Mommy. In March further performances were announced across Europe. The group also promoted the album in a series of shows dubbed the "Three Little London Shows" in March. On May 5, two days after the album's release, the band performed three consecutive sets at Webster Hall in New York City, including a performance of the album in full and a majority of the group's back catalogue, as well as appearances by Haim and Dev Hynes. The show concluded a three-stop tour of New York State. During a September performance at Madison Square Garden, the band announced new 2020 tour dates.


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: On March 21, the group appeared on BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge, performing "Harmony Hall" and a cover of "Sunflower" by Post Malone and Swae Lee, in reference to the album's track of the same name. In the week following the album's release, they appeared on "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon", performing "This Life" and "Jerusalem, New York, Berlin" alongside Haim, and on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", performing "Sunflower". On June 26, the band performed a piano-driven version of "This Life" and a cover of Bruce Springsteen's "I'm Goin' Down" (1985) at New York's Electric Lady Studios for the "Spotify Singles" series. The group performed, promoting the album, at the Glastonbury Festival.


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: "Father of the Bride" was met with widespread critical acclaim. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album has received an average score of 82, based on 33 reviews. The aggregator AnyDecentMusic? gave it 7.5 out of 10, based on its assessment of the critical consensus.


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: David Fricke of "Rolling Stone" described the album as a "masterpiece", praising its meticulous attention to detail and musical breadth, and concluding that "Vampire Weekend now look like the smartest guys in the room, marshalling a sumptuous, emotionally complex music perfect in this pop moment". "The Guardian"s Alexis Petridis wrote that the album showcased "a band pushing past their boundaries with striking results", and that the few ineffective ideas on the album are significantly outweighed by its highlights. Kitty Empire of sister publication "The Observer" praised the album's breadth and maturity, writing that it "exudes warmth and no little sonic familiarity, while reflecting what is a radically altered set-up". Chris DeVille of "Stereogum" wrote that the album could potentially be the group's magnum opus and that it "manages to be both a casual joyride and a multi-layered dissertation on the world’s ills". "Variety"'s Zack Ruskin asserted that the album consists of "inventive, often brilliant ideas delivered with little concern for how palatable listeners might find them", concluding that the album's pleasant music "could soundtrack an afternoon picnic" while its esoteric lyrics could "be used as fodder for a doctorate thesis on songwriting". For "The Wall Street Journal", Mark Richardson wrote that the album's quality justified the long wait for its release, writing that despite its length the album felt focused as opposed to sprawling.


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: Jon Pareles of "The New York Times" praised the album's contrast between heavy lyrics and bright music, while Neil McCormick of "The Daily Telegraph" complimented Koenig's "joyous" experimentation with music and incisive language, advising listeners not to take the record too seriously. For "The Independent", Jazz Monroe commended Koenig for maturing without becoming self-serious, writing that the album's low stakes and "unfashionable" nature were its strongest features. In her review for AllMusic, Heather Phares wrote that the album "finds Vampire Weekend embracing change and delivering some of their most mature and satisfying music in the process". Thomas Smith of "NME" praised the album's fun nature, writing that it "sounds like the work of some pals noodling away in the studio and shooting the shit" and "more often than not it’s a hit, not a miss". In Robert Christgau's Expert Witness column for "Vice", he applauded Koenig's complex exploration of class, describing it as a "sprightly, allusive, elusive, technically accomplished collection" that generally "bespeak[s] some fraught combination of lost youth, career anxiety, and, way down deep, political dismay." His one caveat was that the songs are "melodic yet seldom uplifting or effervescent".


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: In a more critical review, Greg Kot of the Chicago Tribune described the album as "mild", noting that Koenig's lyrical expressions of discomfort were not conveyed through the pleasant music. For "Pitchfork", Mike Powell opined that the album was somewhat overlong and dispensable compared to past releases, and that its discussion of contentment and belonging felt unsuited to the group, but praised the album's braveness and new musical direction. Steven Edelstone of "Paste" criticized the album's lyrics, and Koenig's adoption of a "derivative" musical style that did not fit the band, concluding that "it’s simply impossible not to wonder what happened and where they lost their way, culminating in a major disappointment for perhaps the most anticipated indie rock album in recent memory". "Spin"'s Jordan Sargent argued that the album was likely the band's worst, yet still rewarding. He praised the band's development, writing: "On the one hand, everything sounds spectacular; on the other, the album does contain some of the worst ideas the band has ever put to tape".


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: At the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards, "Father of the Bride" was awarded Best Alternative Music Album. The album was also the group's first to be nominated for Album of the Year, while "Harmony Hall" was nominated for Best Rock Song.


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: The album appeared on multiple 2019 year-end lists. At Album of the Year, a website which creates an aggregate of music critic's year-end lists, "Father of the Bride" was listed at rank 11 for 2019. "Entertainment Weekly" and Thrillist named it the best album of the year, while "Vulture", "The Observer"'s Kitty Empire, "Us Weekly", "British GQ" and "Stereogum" listed it in their top five. The "Los Angeles Times", "Slant", BrooklynVegan, "Rolling Stone", "Consequence of Sound" and "Slate" included the album in their top ten, while it was listed among the top 25 by "Billboard", "NME", "The Guardian", "Flood", "The Atlantic", "Paste", "GQ" and "Pitchfork". Other publications that included "Father of the Bride" in their year-end lists include "Complex", "Uncut", "Uproxx", "Mojo", and AllMusic.


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: The album was also included in decade-end lists for the 2010s by BrooklynVegan (35), "Stereogum" (84) and "Rolling Stone" (92).


title: Father of the Bride (album)

text: "Father of the Bride" debuted at number one on the US "Billboard" 200 with 138,000 album-equivalent units, including 119,000 pure album sales. It is Vampire Weekend's third consecutive US number-one album. Additionally, 13 songs from the album, including all six of its singles, reached the top 50 of "Billboard"'s US Hot Rock Songs chart. The album also reached number two in the UK and Scotland, and the top ten in Portugal, Ireland, Canada, Australia and the Flemish Region of Belgium.


title: Pateros

text: Pateros, officially the Municipality of Pateros (), is the lone municipality of Metro Manila, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 63,643 people.


title: Pateros

text: This municipality is famous for its duck-raising industry and especially for producing "balut", a Filipino delicacy, which is a boiled, fertilised duck egg. Pateros is also known for the production of red salty eggs and ""inutak"", a local rice cake. Moreover, the town is known for manufacturing of ""alfombra"", a locally-made footwear with a carpet-like fabric on its top surface. Pateros is bordered by the following highly urbanized cities of Pasig to the north, Makati to the west, and Taguig to the south.


title: Pateros

text: Pateros is the smallest municipality both in population and in land area, in Metro Manila, but it is the second most densely populated at around 29,000 people per square kilometer after Manila.


title: Pateros

text: The name "Pateros" is most likely derived from the duck-raising industry. The Tagalog word (of Spanish origin) for "duck" is "pato" and "pateros", "duck-raisers". The early 19th-century U.S. diplomat Edmund Roberts used Duck-town, another name for Pateros, stating that he "never before saw so many ducks together" in one place. The duck reference is perfectly suited for Pateros, whose popular culinary specialty is a street food. called Balut (food), a fertilized developing duck embryo that is boiled and eaten from the shell. Several "balutans" like the famous El Patu at 425 F. Imson Street offer this unique cuisine as well as street merchants selling them on the side of the road.


title: Pateros

text: Before 1770, Pateros was only a "barrio" of Pasig until the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines issued a decree making Pateros an independent municipality. The town was then composed of five barangays (villages): Aguho, San Roque, Santa Ana, Santo Rosario (Santo Rosario-Silangan and Santo Rosario-Kanluran), and Mamancat (now part of Fort Bonifacio).


title: Pateros

text: During the Philippine–American War in March 1899, the first contingent of American Volunteers from Washington arrived in the town of Pateros. The American soldiers rallied and eventually won the battles to take control and establish a temporary camp. Throughout this period, American soldiers were able to experience the culture and livelihood of the citizens of Pateros. Having roast duck for meals during wartime and sending postcards of Pateros back to the United States of America. In 1900, a member of the American contingent, Lieutenant Charles Nosler, renamed the city of Ive's Landing in Washington State, USA, after the town of Pateros in the Philippines. Pateros in Washington State officially became an American city on May 1, 1913.


title: Pateros

text: On March 29, 1900, Pateros, then a part of the province of Manila, became one of the towns in the newly created province of Rizal, by virtue of "General Order No. 40, Act No. 137 of the Philippine Commission", which was promulgated on June 11, 1901. Then on October 12, 1903, Act No. 942 united Pateros with Taguig and Muntinlupa into one municipality under Pateros. The municipality was renamed Taguig and Muntinlupa was separated from it on March 22, 1905, through Act No. 1308.


title: Pateros

text: Executive Order No. 20 dated February 29, 1908, partitioned Pateros from Taguig, and the town regained independent status as a municipality on January 1, 1909, by Executive Order No. 36.


title: Pateros

text: On November 7, 1975, Pateros became a part of the new Metropolitan Manila Area through Presidential Decree No. 824, which mandated by President Ferdinand Marcos.


title: Pateros

text: On July 23, 2013, Mayor Jaime C. Medina visited the city of Pateros, Washington State, United States to sign the "Sister City Memorandum of Understanding between the Municipality of Pateros, Metro Manila and Pateros City of Okanogan County, Washington State, USA". According to Mayor Gail Howe, the two cities have not applied through Sister Cities International but the goals of promoting the culture and exchanges have turned the sisterhood into reality.


title: Pateros

text: The Inauguration of Rodrigo Duterte to presidency that took place on June 30, 2016, paved way to another attempt of the conversion of the town into a city and constituting into two congressional districts through the collaborative efforts of the municipal government of Pateros spearheaded by Mayor Miguel Ponce III and the most especially by the passage of a house bill sponsored by Pateros-Taguig Representative Arnel Cerafica.


title: Pateros

text: The municipal government of Pateros claims that its original land area was not its present land area of but including Fort Bonifacio, particularly the Embo barangays Comembo, Pembo, East Rembo, West Rembo, Cembo, South Cembo and Pitogo which are now part of the city of Makati and Bonifacio Global City (known as Post Proper Northside and Post Proper Southside by Makati, and Mamancat, Masilang, San Nicolas, and Malapadnabato, former parts of Pateros) which was made part of Taguig, based on documents and official maps obtained by former Pateros Councilor Dominador Rosales from 30 libraries and offices including USA Library of Congress and USA Archives. One of those maps was the 1968 Land Classification Map of the Bureau of Land.


title: Pateros

text: Pateros' decrease in territory was accounted to a cadastral mapping in Metro Manila conducted in 1978. Pateros Mayor Nestor Ponce challenged the map through an objection letter dated June 23, 1978. But in January 1986, then President Ferdinand Marcos issued Proclamation No. 2475 which stated that Fort Bonifacio is situated in Makati and it is open for disposition. Because of that, a boundary dispute arose which moved Pateros to request a dialogue about that with then Municipal Council of Makati in 1990. Pateros also filed a complaint against Makati at the Makati Regional Trial Court in 1996 but the trial court dismissed the case for lack of jurisdiction. The case was brought to the Court of Appeals in 2003 but the case was also denied. The same case was also elevated to the Supreme Court in 2009 but it was denied again.


title: Pateros

text: Almost 2 decades later, the Supreme Court on June 16, 2009, per Antonio Eduardo B. Nachura denied Pateros' petition against Makati but ruled out that the boundary dispute should be settled amicably by their respective legislative bodies based on Section 118(d) of the Local Government Code. Pursuant to the decision, Pateros invited Makati to a council-to-council dialogue. This happened on October 8, 2009. Four meetings were held and at the fourth dialogue on November 23, 2009, a joint resolution was made stating that Makati is requesting a tripartite conference between Pateros, Taguig and Makati.


title: Pateros

text: As of 1818, the population was estimated at 3,840 Tagalog peoples. When Edmund Roberts visited in 1834, he estimated approximately 4,500 residents.


title: Pateros

text: According to the town's 2005 land use classification report 91.62% of Pateros' land is classified as residential.