title: Bob Rafelson

text: In 1965, while working at Screen Gems, Rafelson met fellow producer Bert Schneider. They became fast friends and created the company Raybert Productions together that year. Raybert would later become BBS Productions and produce films as a subsidiary of Columbia Pictures. Rafelson and Schneider's first project was a television series about a rock 'n' roll group. Rafelson said that the idea for the show, which was inspired by his own misadventures while playing in a band in Mexico, predated "A Hard Day's Night". Rafelson said, "I had conceived the show before The Beatles existed," and it was based on his time as an itinerant musician more "interested in having fun" than "in earning a living." Raybert Productions sold the idea to Screen Gems and, when they were unable to get either the Dave Clark Five or the Lovin' Spoonful for the show, ran ads in "Daily Variety" and "The Hollywood Reporter" for musicians. The band that they created was The Monkees and the series ran from 1966 until 1968.


title: Bob Rafelson

text: "The Monkees" was immediately a success with audiences and, despite the band being a manufactured act, was particularly popular with the youth demographic at the time. Rafelson and Schneider won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series as producers in 1967. Rafelson has said that "the whole show was created in effect in the editing room. The tempo was of paramount importance...I had to direct one or two of the shows for television to set the pattern of how these things should be made." Rafelson had said that "of the first 32 shows, 29 were directed by people who had never directed before, including me. So the idea of using new directors not perhaps too encumbered by traditional ways of thinking was initiated on that series and just continued on the movies we made later." He has cited the series' "radically different way of cutting and doing a half hour comedy because there were interviews that were interspersed [and] there was documentary footage."


title: Bob Rafelson

text: Rafelson and Bert Schneider's newfound success allowed them to get more funding for Raybert Productions and to establish the record company Colgems. Their next project was "Head", a feature film starring the Monkees. Co-written with friend Jack Nicholson, and featuring appearances by Nicholson, Victor Mature, Teri Garr, Carol Doda, Annette Funicello, Frank Zappa, Sonny Liston, Timothy Carey, Ray Nitschke, and Dennis Hopper, it was Rafelson's debut as a feature film director. Rafelson said, "Of course "Head" is an utterly and totally fragmented film. Among other reasons for making it was that I thought I would never get to make another movie, so I might as well make fifty to start out with and put them all in the same feature."


title: Bob Rafelson

text: "Head" represented the first of many Rafelson-Nicholson collaborations, later to include "Five Easy Pieces", "The King of Marvin Gardens" and "The Postman Always Rings Twice", among others. In a profile of Rafelson in "Esquire" magazine, Nicholson commented: "I may have thought I started his career, but I think he started my career."


title: Bob Rafelson

text: "Head" is a plotless, stream of consciousness film that, amongst other things, attempts to deconstruct the musical personas of the Monkees and satirize the consumer ideals of "image". In a song sung by the Monkees, they seem to confess by saying: "Hey, hey, we are The Monkees/ You know we love to please/ A manufactured image/ With no philosophies." Other scenes utilize psychedelic or surrealistic theatrics such as the Monkees being sucked through a giant vacuum cleaner and turning into specks of dandruff in Victor Mature's head. The film ends with the Monkees being loaded into a truck and driven out of the Columbia Studio gates. The film was a financial failure and the popularity of the Monkees was already in decline, but it has since emerged as a cult classic with a strong following.


title: Bob Rafelson

text: Raybert's next project, "Easy Rider", directed by Dennis Hopper, premiered at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival and was released in July 1969, quickly becoming a cultural phenomenon. The film's success gave Raybert enough funds and clout to pursue more ambitious projects. Rafelson and Schneider soon added Schneider's childhood friend Stephen Blauner to their company and its name became BBS Productions (Bert, Bob and Steve). BBS's first project, "Five Easy Pieces", was Rafelson's second feature film, shot in 1969. In an interview with Tonguette in "Sight & Sound", Rafelson explained the idea behind BBS: "My thought was: there is so much talent here in the US but little talent for recognizing it. I thought together we could do this but that Bert should manage it."


title: Bob Rafelson

text: "The New York Times" critic Manohla Dargis recently highlighted Rafelson and Schneider for founding "the groovy 1960s company Raybert (later known as BBS Productions) — and gave us "Easy Rider", "Five Easy Pieces", "The Last Picture Show" and "Hearts and Minds", and lamenting the absence of such risk-taking companies today."


title: Bob Rafelson

text: "Five Easy Pieces" was written by Rafelson and Carole Eastman (under the alias Adrien Joyce) and starred Nicholson, Karen Black, and Susan Anspach. Nicholson plays Bobby Dupea, a gifted classical piano player who works on an oil rig in California and spends most of his time drinking beer and bowling with his put-upon girlfriend Rayette (Black). Bobby is constantly dissatisfied and a non-conformist, stating: "I move around a lot. Not because I'm looking for anything really, but to get away from things that go bad if I stay." Bobby learns from his sister that his father has had a stroke and decides to travel back to his family home in the San Juan Islands in Washington state. He and Rayette go on a road trip to Washington, picking up two hippie hitch-hikers along the way and in the film's most notorious highlight, Bobby unsuccessfully battles with a waitress in a diner for an omelet with wheat toast. The scene ends with a violent sweeping of Bobby's arm clearing the table. "Do you see this sign!?" he blurts. True, it is derivitive of Brando's close to precise action in A Streetcar named Desire but Bobby may have been channeling, as a "trope", someone's behavior he'd seen in the movies. (To cool a possible dim view of Rafelson's suggested plagiarism, in 1996 in Blood and Wine a cinematic debriefing occurs where Nicholson accompanied by Michael Caine, in seeking a clear table for them both in a cafeteria, effects it by picking up a tray containing used utensils from one table and drops it to the floor in nonchalant simplicity.) Rafelson described Bobby as "a guy who is out of touch with his emotions."


title: Bob Rafelson

text: The film was a financial hit, earning $18 million at the box office, was widely admired by the critics, and was nominated for four Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Actor (Nicholson), Best Supporting Actress (Black) and Best Original Screenplay. As a producer and co-writer of the film, Rafelson was nominated for two Oscars. It also received the New York Film Critics Award for Best Director and for Best Film of 1970. Film critic David Robinson called Rafelson "a new director who uses film with the subtlety of a novelist, but without losing any of the concentration and economy potential in the cinema's unique mixture of image and sound."


title: Bob Rafelson

text: In his original 1970 review in the "Chicago Sun-Times", film critic Roger Ebert called "Five Easy Pieces" "a masterpiece of heartbreaking intensity," adding, "The movie is joyously alive to the road life of its hero. . . . Robert Eroica Dupea is one of the most unforgettable characters in American movies." And, in his "Great Movies" essay on the film, Ebert reflected on seeing the impact of having seen it for the first time: "We'd had a revelation. This was the direction American movies should take: Into idiosyncratic characters, into dialogue with an ear for the vulgar and the literate, into a plot free to surprise us about the characters, into an existential ending not required to be happy." Ebert later included "Five Easy Pieces" in his "Great Movies" series.


title: Bob Rafelson

text: Rafelson's next film was "The King of Marvin Gardens", released in 1972 through BBS. The film was written by Jacob Brackman, from a story by Rafelson and Brackman, and starred Jack Nicholson, Bruce Dern, Ellen Burstyn, Julia Anne Robinson, Scatman Crothers and Charles Lavine. The title refers to the original Atlantic City version of the Monopoly game board, where the misspelled and misplaced "Marvin Gardens" was one of the Yellow squares in the children's game of capitalistic success.


title: Bob Rafelson

text: In the film, Nicholson plays David Staebler, a melancholy Philadelphia disk jockey who tells long, angst-ridden stories of his childhood over the radio and lives with his elderly Grandfather (Lavine). David receives a call from his extroverted con artist brother Jason (Dern) asking him to bail him out of jail in Atlantic City. When David arrives he gets caught up in Jason's scheme to develop a South Pacific island into a gambling casino so that the brothers can "fulfill their childhood dream of an island kingdom of their own". David joins up with Jason, his girlfriend Sally (Burstyn) and Sally's stepdaughter Jessica (Robinson) to make the dream a reality. But David soon learns that Jason is in over his head and owes money to a real gangster named Lewis (Crothers), who is not amused with Jason's idealism.


title: Bob Rafelson

text: "The King of Marvin Gardens" received mixed reviews and was not a financial success, although critics have since re-evaluated it. David Thomson wrote that it "may be an even better film" than "Five Easy Pieces", although it was the next-to-last film made by BBS. As Rafelson explained to Thomson, "I wanted to make my own pictures. And Bert was moving towards radical politics. He wanted to do "Hearts and Minds" [the 1974 documentary about the Vietnam war]." "Hearts and Minds" (directed by Rafelson's friend of many decades, Peter Davis) won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, and was .


title: Bob Rafelson

text: Rafelson then spent more than a year researching a film that would never be made about the slave trade in Africa. He traveled over five thousand miles in West Africa and has said that he "lived the life of many of the characters that I'd read about." Rafelson then "wanted to turn to something more cheerful, to project a more exhilarating aspect of myself." His next film was "Stay Hungry", based on the novel by Charles Gaines and adapted by Rafelson and Gaines, featuring Jeff Bridges, Sally Field, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Scatman Crothers.


title: Bob Rafelson

text: Bridges stars as Craig Blake, a millionaire in Alabama who has recently inherited his parents' fortune after their tragic deaths in a plane crash. He lives a lonely life in his mansion with only his butler (Crothers) to keep him company as he idles away his days. When he becomes involved in a shady investment firm, he visits the Olympic Spa gym, where bodybuilders are training for the upcoming Mr. Universe contest. He befriends bodybuilder Joe Santo (Schwarzenegger), who teaches him that "You can't grow without burning. I don't like to be too comfortable. Once you get used to it it's hard to give up. I like to stay hungry." He also begins dating the gym's receptionist Mary Tate (Field), but his upper-class friends do not approve of his new lower-class friends. In the end Blake chooses his new friends and buys the gym with Santo. The film earned Rafelson and Gaines a nomination for Best Comedy Adapted from Another Medium from the Writers Guild of America, while Schwarzenegger received a Golden Globe for Best Acting Debut in a Motion Picture.


title: Bob Rafelson

text: In 1978, Rafelson began production on the film "Brubaker", starring Robert Redford, Yaphet Kotto, Jane Alexander and Morgan Freeman. He had spent several days at a top security prison to research the film. Rafelson was fired from the film after just ten days of shooting. "That's the time when I allegedly 'punched somebody out,'" Rafelson said. "He was the head of the studio, and there was a lot of talk about it—and by the way, it was grossly exaggerated." He was replaced by Stuart Rosenberg. Rafelson filed a breach-of-contract and slander lawsuit in May 1979 asking for damages of $10 million, claiming that 20th Century Fox had assured him that he would have complete autonomy and creative control and had made statements that implied that he was incompetent, emotionally unstable, and not qualified to direct a major motion picture.


title: Bob Rafelson

text: Rafelson again teamed up with Jack Nicholson in 1981, directing him in their fourth collaboration, "The Postman Always Rings Twice", based on the novel by James M. Cain which had been adapted as a film in 1946 with John Garfield and Lana Turner. The remake was written by David Mamet — the first screenplay by the playwright — and co-starred Jessica Lange. Nicholson plays a Depression-era drifter who happens upon a rural diner and becomes involved with the owner's wife in a plot to kill her husband. Rafelson has said of the film's reception, "The critics in America—at least when it first came out, now they have switched – didn't like it very much, but in France and in Germany and in Russia and in places that I have traveled since the making of this movie, this seems to have emerged as one of the movies that they like most of mine because of its unlikely romantic nature." In France, in particular, he is considered an auteur.


title: Bob Rafelson

text: In 1987, Rafelson directed "Black Widow", starring Debra Winger and Theresa Russell, and written by Ronald Bass. The film received favorable reviews, with "The Washington Post" critic Paul Attanasio writing that "the joys of "Black Widow" are the joys of a film well made—the cinematography of Conrad Hall, the production design of Gene Callahan, and a fabulous cast," which also featured Dennis Hopper, Nicol Williamson, and Diane Ladd. Rafelson's next project was "Mountains of the Moon" (1990), a film about the 1857–58 journey of Richard Francis Burton and John Hanning Speke in their expedition to central Africa — the project that culminated in Speke's discovery of the source of the Nile River. It starred Patrick Bergin as Burton and Iain Glen as Speke, and was hailed by "Chicago Sun-Times" critic Roger Ebert as "completely absorbing." Ebert continued: "It tells its story soberly and intelligently, and with quiet style... It's the kind of movie that sends you away from the screen filled with curiosity to know more about this man Burton." In "Newsweek", critic Jack Kroll wrote: "The exploits of Sir Richard Francis Burton make Lawrence of Arabia look like a tourist. . . . From scene to scene this film grips you as few movies do, moving between Africa and England to spotlight an extraordinary range of characters in both 'primitive' and 'civilized' cultures: from the African tribal chiefs, mild or murderous, to the nabobs of the Royal Geographical Society, honest or treacherous." Rafelson later observed, "I was very lucky to make that movie. And I can tell you, if there was ever a movie that I enjoyed making, it was that one."


title: Bob Rafelson

text: Rafelson again teamed up with Nicholson in 1992 for their fifth collaboration, and were joined by "Five Easy Pieces" screenwriter Carole Eastman, for the film "Man Trouble". In 1996, he made his sixth and final with Nicholson, "Blood and Wine". His last films were 1998's "Poodle Springs" and 2002's "No Good Deed", based on works by Raymond Chandler and Dashiell Hammett, respectively. "No Good Deed" was entered into the 24th Moscow International Film Festival. Rafelson and Nicholson collaborated on film projects for almost 30 years.


title: Bob Rafelson

text: Rafelson has been honored at numerous international film festivals, including in Argentina, Brazil, England, France, Greece, Japan, Serbia and Turkey, and has given many masterclasses. He has contributed commentaries or interviews to the DVD or Blu-ray releases of "Head", "Five Easy Pieces", "The King of Marvin Gardens", "Stay Hungry", "The Postman Always Rings Twice", and "Blood and Wine". Rafelson has also contributed essays to the "Los Angeles Times Magazine" and John Brockman's collection "The Greatest Inventions of the Past 2,000 Years".


title: Bob Rafelson

text: Bob Rafelson married Toby Carr in 1955. They lived near Aspen, Colorado, in a house "built in the '50s by a climber and his 11-year-old son" that Rafelson bought in 1970. "We live here and nowhere else," he said. Rafelson's 10-year-old daughter Julie died of injuries when a propane stove exploded in the Rafelsons' Aspen home in August 1973. Shortly after that Toby Rafelson was diagnosed with cancer, but eventually recovered. While they later divorced, they remained close friends, and Rafelson referred to his first wife as his "head nurse, teacher, brujo." His eldest son is songwriter Peter Rafelson, who wrote the song "Open Your Heart", which became a hit for Madonna.


title: Bob Rafelson

text: Rafelson married Gabrielle Taurek in 1999; the couple had two sons, E.O. and Harper. He died from lung cancer at his home in Aspen on July 23, 2022, at the age of 89.


title: Virginia Wade

text: Sarah Virginia Wade (born 10 July 1945) is a British former professional tennis player. She won three Major tennis singles championships and four major doubles championships, and is the only British woman in history to have won titles at all four majors. She was ranked as high as No. 2 in the world in singles, and No. 1 in the world in doubles.


title: Virginia Wade

text: Wade was the most recent British tennis player to win a major singles tournament until Andy Murray won the 2012 US Open, and was the most recent British woman to have won a major singles title until Emma Raducanu won the 2021 US Open. After retiring from competitive tennis, she coached for four years, and has also worked as a tennis commentator and game analyst for the BBC and Eurosport and CBS in the U.S.


title: Virginia Wade

text: At one year old, Wade moved to South Africa with her parents. There, she learned how to play tennis. When she was fifteen, the family moved back to England and she went to Tunbridge Wells Girls' Grammar School and Talbot Heath School, Bournemouth. In 1961, she was in the tennis team of Wimbledon County Girls' Grammar School. She went on to study mathematics and physics at the University of Sussex, graduating in 1966.


title: Virginia Wade

text: Wade's tennis career spanned the end of the amateur era and the start of the open era. In 1968, as an amateur, she won the inaugural open tennis competition – the British Hard Court Open at Bournemouth. She turned down the £300 first prize, choosing to play for expenses only. Five months later, after turning professional, she won the women's singles championship at the first US Open (and prize-money of $6,000 - $ today), defeating Billie Jean King in the final. Her second Major tennis singles championship came in 1972 at the Australian Open. There, she defeated Australian Evonne Goolagong in the final 6–4, 6–4. She was appointed a member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1973 Birthday Honours for services to lawn tennis.


title: Virginia Wade

text: Wade won Wimbledon in 1977. It was the 16th year in which she had played at Wimbledon, and she made her first appearance in the final by beating the defending champion Chris Evert in the semifinal 6–2, 4–6, 6–1. In the final, she beat Betty Stöve in three sets to claim the championship, nine days before her 32nd birthday. 1977 was the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Wimbledon Championships, as well as the Silver Jubilee year of Elizabeth II, who attended the final for the first time since 1962.


title: Virginia Wade

text: Wade also won four Major women's doubles championships with Margaret Smith Court – two of them at the U.S. Open Tennis Tournament, one at the Australian Open, and one at the French Open. In 1983, at the age of 37, she won the Italian Open women's doubles championship with Virginia Ruzici of Romania.


title: Virginia Wade

text: Over her career, Wade won 55 professional singles championships and amassed $1,542,278 dollars in career prize money. She was ranked in the world's top 10 continuously from 1967 to 1979. Her career spanned a total of 26 years. She retired from singles competition at the end of the 1985 tennis season, and then from doubles at the end of 1986. The 26 times that she played at Wimbledon is an all-time record, 24 of those times being in the women's singles.


title: Virginia Wade

text: Since 1981, while she was still playing, Wade has been a reporter on tennis events for the BBC. In 1982, she became the first woman to be elected to the Wimbledon Committee.


title: Virginia Wade

text: Wade was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1986 Birthday Honours for services to lawn tennis.


title: Virginia Wade

text: Wade has no children and has never married. She has said "If I'd done better earlier, and my career had been at its peak earlier and I'd faded, I would probably have had a totally different life." She lives mostly in New York and in Chelsea, London.


title: Stuck with U

text: "Stuck with U" is a song by American singer Ariana Grande and Canadian singer Justin Bieber. It was released through Republic Records, Def Jam Recordings, and Silent Records Ventures as a single on May 8, 2020. Both artists wrote the song alongside producers Freddy Wexler and Gian Stone alongside Whitney Phillips, their manager, Scooter Braun, and Skyler Stonestreet. The song marks the second collaboration between Grande and Bieber, following their duet on the remix of the latter's chart-topping single, "What Do You Mean?"; the original song and remix both appear on his fourth studio album, "Purpose" (2015).


title: Stuck with U

text: Commercially, the song debuted atop the "Billboard" Hot 100, chart issue dated May 23, 2020, becoming Grande's third and Bieber's sixth U.S. number-one single. In addition, both artists debut at number one on the chart for a third time each.


title: Stuck with U

text: The song also debuted at number one on the "Rolling Stone" Top 100, chart issue dated May 21, 2020, becoming Grande's second and Bieber's first number-one single. It is certified double platinum by the RIAA. Internationally, The song also topped the charts in Canada, Lebanon, Malaysia, New Zealand, Israel, and Singapore; and reached the top-ten in 17 other countries. "Stuck with U" also won the award for Best Music Video From Home at the 2020 MTV Video Music Awards and the award for Favorite Music Collaboration at the 2021 Kids' Choice Awards. As of August 2021, the song has raised over $3.5 million for the First Responders Children's Foundation, going directly to thousands of first responders' families around the U.S.


title: Stuck with U

text: On April 30, 2020, Bieber tweeted "Special announcement tomorrow at 10 am pst...", following which Grande also tweeted in anticipation of it. The next day, the artists took to their social media to announce the release of their song on May 8, 2020. It first premiered at 21:00 PDT on May 7, 2020. All net proceeds from the track will be donated to the "First Responders Children's Foundation". The money will fund scholarships of children of frontline workers whose lives have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. During an ASCAP interview the song's co-writers Gian Stone & Whitney Philips revealed that the song was originally meant to be a solo performance and that it was Grande's idea to turn it into a duet with Bieber.


title: Stuck with U

text: Musically, "Stuck with U" is a '50s-influenced retro pop ballad that contains elements of R&B and doo-wop music. Lyrically, it is a "romantic" song about being grateful to spend time with a loved one. "Stuck with U" was written in time in the key of A major, with a tempo of 60 beats per minute. Grande's vocal range spans two octaves, from E to E.


title: Stuck with U

text: Anna Gaca of "Pitchfork" stated "Stuck with U" is "merely serviceable as a pop song" but "a big upgrade from that other product of rich-people lockdown culture: the celebrities singing 'Imagine'. Instead of a bad take on a hoary classic, Grande and Bieber offer a new song with a pleasantly retro doo-wop vibe. Instead of Pollyannaish optimism, they sound a note of resignation."


title: Stuck with U

text: "Stuck with U" debuted at number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100, becoming Bieber's sixth and Grande's third number one single. The song is also both Bieber's and Grande's third song to debut at number one, tying both artists with Mariah Carey and Drake for the most songs that debuted at number one. Grande later broke this tie with "Rain on Me" debuting at number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Grande also became the first artist to have their first three number-ones debut at the top spot. The song sales was aided by a variety of physical/digital combination offerings during the tracking week, including copies autographed by Grande and Bieber. Consumers could also purchase cassette, CD and vinyl singles, each with a digital download. "Stuck With U" is also the third female-male duet in over a year since "Señorita" by Shawn Mendes and Camila Cabello and "Shallow" by Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper to top the Hot 100. The song also debuted at number one on the Digital Songs chart with 108,000 downloads, becoming the first song to crack over 100,000 downloads in the first week since "Me!" by Taylor Swift featuring Brendon Urie (193,000 downloads). The song is Grande's sixth chart-topper on the said chart, also Bieber's twelfth, surpassing Drake as the male artist with the most, and overall the third artist, behind Swift and Rihanna. In its second week on the Hot 100, "Stuck with U" dropped to number 13.


title: Stuck with U

text: "Stuck with U" debuted at number two on the Irish Singles Chart, becoming Bieber's 20th and Grande's 15th top ten hit; Bieber also becomes the artist with most top fifty hits in history of the said chart surpassing Eminem and Rihanna who have scored 52 each.


title: Stuck with U

text: "Stuck with U" debuted at number one on The "Rolling Stone" Top 100, becoming Bieber's first and Grande's second number one single. The song is also Grande's second song to debut at number one making her the first female artist to earn two number one debuts on the Rolling Stone 100 singles chart.


title: Stuck with U

text: On the same day as the release of "Stuck with U", rapper 6ix9ine, who had been incarcerated but had earlier in the month been released to home confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, released his comeback single "Gooba", which debuted at number one on the "Billboard" Streaming Songs chart, and ended up debuting at number 3 on the Hot 100 on the week ending May 23, 2020. The rapper took to social media afterwards to accuse "Billboard" of "chart manipulation" and accuse both Grande and Bieber of "buying" their way to number one on the chart. In an Instagram post, 6ix9ine alleged that the artists used six credit cards to buy 30,000 copies of "Stuck With U" without providing evidence. Grande and Bieber both denied the allegations with Grande stating in an Instagram post, "OUR fans bought this song (never more than four copies each, AS THE RULES STATE). they are ride or die motherfuckers and i thank god every day that i have them in my life. [...] sales count for more than streams. u can not discredit this as hard as u try". Grande and Bieber's manager Scooter Braun would address 6ix9ine's claims that his streams didn't count, stating that "he [6ix9ine] is counting his global streams and this is a domestic chart so only domestic streams count". Braun also added that the last-minute disclosure of 60,000 units was the result of their team strategy to keep the numbers quiet until the end of the week, and pointed out that "using six credits card to buy 30K" is impossible by stating "the rules are clear one credit card can buy max 4 copies". Bieber defended Grande by reposting Braun's Statement on Instagram stories adding that "this is my song with Ariana Grande and I'm honored to work with her to help raise money for a great cause. If you gonna say her name make sure you say mine because it's our song".


title: Stuck with U

text: 6ix9ine made a subsequent video addressing Grande, in which he said he wasn't coming after her on a personal level but "Billboard", despite his previous statements speculating against Grande and Bieber.


title: Stuck with U

text: "Billboard" released a statement on May 18, 2020, the same day 6ix9ine made the accusations, to explain the results. "Billboard" stated that 6ix9ine's "six credit cards" claim was inaccurate, as bulk purchases are recognized and removed from the final sales total. They also stated that the Hot 100 forecast he had referenced in an earlier Instagram post prior to the release of that week's chart reveal was not created by them and that they do not distribute any of their rankings to labels, management, or artist. About the discrepancy between YouTube's visible play count for "Gooba", over 180 million at that moment, and the number of streams "Billboard" counted for the song, 55.3 million, they explain "counts for a video on its YouTube page are for global plays, and absent any other auditing filters [...] "Billboard" counts only U.S. based plays for its charts."


title: Stuck with U

text: The accompanying music video was released on May 8, 2020, alongside the song's official release. It consists of clips sent in by young fans who would have attended prom in 2020 but are unable to do so due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as people who are stuck inside spending time with loved ones. The video was directed Rory Kramer, Alfredo Flores, Grande, Bieber, and Braun. It also features shots of celebrities like Kendall and Kylie Jenner, Demi Lovato, 2 Chainz, Paula Abdul, Stephen and Ayesha Curry, Elizabeth Gillies, Gwyneth Paltrow, Eric Stonestreet, Chance the Rapper, Kate Hudson, Lil Dicky, Sheel Mohnot, Michael Bublé, Jaden Smith, Ashton Kutcher and Mila Kunis, as well as Bieber with his wife Hailey Bieber. Grande used the video to reveal her new relationship. She was spotted embracing a man towards the end of the video, and a couple of seconds later the man was revealed to be Dalton Gomez, a real estate agent who eventually became Grande's husband.


title: Stuck with U

text: Bieber also posted a lyric video with an animation of the house drawn in the cover. The video was created by Katia Temkin and the artwork of the house was made by Liana Finck. A fan-made Prom Scenes video that shows prom scenes from movies was released on Bieber's YouTube channel on May 9. On May 11, he released a Mother's Day Edition of the music video.


title: Stuck with U

text: The music video earned two VMA nominations at the 2020 MTV Video Music Awards, for Best Collaboration and Best Music Video from Home, winning the latter.


title: Temple Owls football

text: The Temple Owls football team represents Temple University in the sport of college football. The Temple Owls compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision as a member of the American Athletic Conference (The American). They play their home games at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.


title: Temple Owls football

text: The Owls were a football-only member of the Big East Conference from 1991 until 2004. Temple was expelled from the league due to a lack of commitment to the football program from university officials. Temple played the 2005 and 2006 seasons as an independent before playing in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) from 2007 to 2011. In March 2012, the Owls rejoined the Big East Conference, with football membership beginning in the 2012 season and all other sports beginning conference play in 2013. That same year, the conference was renamed the American Athletic Conference after several basketball-only schools split off to form a new conference that kept the Big East name. Temple is the last original Big East football member still in the American Athletic Conference.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Temple began playing organized football in 1894, a decade after the school was founded. Physical education instructor and basketball coach Charles M. Williams organized an 11-man squad that won their first game against Philadelphia Dental College. For its first few years, the football team played small schools and there are few records of its games.


title: Temple Owls football

text: The Owls' modern era began in 1925. That was the year that Henry J. "Heinie" Miller was hired as head coach, and for a time, the Owls were a regional power. In the 1927 season, after wildly mismatched victories over Blue Ridge College (110–0), Juniata (58–0), Gallaudet (62–0) and Washington College (75–0), Temple seemed to upgrade its schedule. Their only loss that season came from Dartmouth, and a 44-year long rivalry with Bucknell College began with Temple posting a 19–13 victory. To start the 1928 season, the Owls moved to Temple Stadium, and won its first six home games in shutouts. Miller coached eight seasons and compiled a 50–15–8 record, with two notable victories over growing regional football power Penn State.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Following Miller's departure in 1933, the Owls made a national splash with the hiring of their next coach, the legendary Glenn "Pop" Warner. Warner had spent the previous 19 years at Pittsburgh and Stanford, winning three national championships. He ended his career at Temple, going 31–18–2 in six seasons. In 1934, the Owls went 7–0–2 in the regular season and were invited to play in the inaugural Sugar Bowl on New Year's Day, 1935, where they lost to undefeated Tulane, 20–14. In 1936, the Owls were ranked in the AP Poll in its first year for two weeks. In Warner's last game, Temple upset Florida 20–12, who were coached by future Temple coach Josh Cody.


title: Temple Owls football

text: From the time Warner retired at the end of the 1938 season until 1963, the Owls experienced only 4 winning seasons. Warner's top assistant, Fred H. Swan, took over as head coach in 1939. He lasted one season before Temple hired SMU coach Ray Morrison. During this time, Temple had several successful seasons and had All-American (honorable mention) and All-Star players. The Owls got off to a 6–1 start in 1941, defeating rivals Penn State, Bucknell, and Villanova that season. The 1945 season brought a 6–0 start and hopes of going to one of two bowl games: the Orange Bowl and the prestigious Cotton Bowl. However, even with a 7–1 season record, Temple did not receive either bid. After the 1940s, Temple's program began to decline. The team reached a nadir in the late 1950s, enduring a school record 21-game losing streak from the last four games of the 1957 season and through the entire 1958 and 1959 seasons.


title: Temple Owls football

text: George Makris arrived as head coach to start the 1960 season and won his first game, against Kings Point. Makris restored competitiveness to the Owl program, compiling a 10-year record of 45–44–4. Makris' tenure coincided with Temple's 10 years in the University Division of the Middle Atlantic Conference, during which they won the 1967 conference championship. In 1966, led by a Temple single game record five touchdown passes by quarterback John Waller to receiver Jim Callahan (whose first 10 receptions that year went for touchdowns, all thrown by Waller), Markis brought "the Old Shoe" back to Broad Street by defeating Bucknell for the first time in 12 years.


title: Temple Owls football

text: After the 1969 season, the Owls became an independent again to upgrade their schedule and compete against the top teams in the East. Under new coach Wayne Hardin, who coached six years at Navy, Temple was up to the challenge. Temple went 9–1 in 1973 and 8–2 in 1974 and won 14 straight games at one point. Temple played regular season games in Japan's Mirage Bowl twice, losing 35–32 to Grambling State in 1977 and beating Boston College 28–24 in 1978.


title: Temple Owls football

text: In 1979, the Owls had a 10–2 record and the most wins in school history. The Owls opened the season with a 38–16 win at West Virginia and later beat Rutgers (41–20) and Syracuse (49–17). Temple's only losses during the regular season were to nationally ranked Pittsburgh (10–9) and Penn State (22–7). In the game at Penn State, before a record-setting crowd, the Owls led 7–6 at the half. Following the 1979 season, the Owls defeated California 28–17 in the second Garden State Bowl. The crowd who witnessed Temple beat California (55,952) was the largest in the short history of that bowl.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Hardin led the Owls to an 80–52–3 record over 12 years. Under Hardin, the Owls were one of the more stable Eastern football powers and often defeated local rivals West Virginia, Rutgers and Syracuse. In the 1970s, Temple went 4–4 against West Virginia, 2–1 against Rutgers, 1–1 against Syracuse, 4–1–1 against Cincinnati and 2–0 against Connecticut. They also came the closest to beating Penn State since the 1940s, losing by one point in both 1975 and 1967.


title: Temple Owls football

text: When Hardin retired in 1982, the Owls hired Bruce Arians – then 30 years old – to succeed him. The previous season, Arians worked under Alabama coaching legend Paul "Bear" Bryant as running backs coach. At Temple, Arians had some success, beating Pitt three times in his six years on the job. Arians had two winning seasons, going 6–5 in 1984 when the defense was ranked 21st in the nation beating East Carolina, Pitt, and West Virginia. The Owls also went 6–5 in 1986. Unfortunately, Temple's six wins in 1986 were later forfeited after it emerged that star running back Paul Palmer had signed with an agent during his senior season.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Jerry Berndt, who took over for Arians in 1989, led Temple to their last winning season for almost twenty years in 1990, when the Owls went 7–4. Temple joined the Big East Conference in 1991, but had difficulty competing against teams with better facilities and bigger budgets. The Owls would not win a conference game until 1995. In 1998, the Owls upset the No. 14 Virginia Tech Hokies as 36-point underdogs in their first-ever Big East road win and their first victory over a ranked opponent in 11 years. In that game, which stands as one of the largest upsets in college football history, Temple utilized their third-string quarterback and had 10 players making their first starts of the season due to injuries. However, Temple would only win 16 conference games during their 14-year run in the league. Temple won as many as three league games only once (1997: 3–8, 3–4 Big East) and went winless in league play six times. Overall, they had a 14–80 record against Big East foes during their time in the conference.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Berndt (11–33), Ron Dickerson (1993–97: 8–47) and Bobby Wallace (1998–2005: 19–71) were unable to halt the decline. Temple went 0–11 in Wallace's final year. The Big East voted in February 2001 to expel Temple from the conference effective June 30, 2002. Conference officials said that since at least 1996, Temple had been out of compliance with Big East membership standards including competitiveness, attendance, and facilities. On September 7, 2001, the Big East and Temple reached an agreement for Temple to remain through the 2004 season.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Virginia defensive coordinator Al Golden was named head coach ahead of the 2006 season. The Owls lost their first 8 games under Golden before beating Bowling Green during their Homecoming game on October 28, snapping a 20-game losing streak, one game short of the school record. The Owls finished 1–11 in Golden's first year.


title: Temple Owls football

text: The Owls won 4 games in 2007, including three straight wins at one point in mid-season. During Golden's second season, Temple's defense was ranked 49th in the nation, as opposed to 118th in 2006. The offense also improved from 118th to 113th, but it was clear that Temple's defense, despite their incredible youth, was the heart of their team. The Owls won 5 games in 2008, their most since 1990. After his fourth season, Golden's record stood at 19–29.


title: Temple Owls football

text: In 2009, the Owls went 9–4, their best record since 1979 with three of four losses being competitive including a last-second loss to eventual FCS national champion Villanova. The lone exception was a lopsided 31–6 loss to a Penn State team that finished 11–2 with a No. 8 ranking. Temple accepted a bid to play in the EagleBank Bowl, where they faced UCLA. In the Owls' first post-season appearance since the 1979 Garden State Bowl, the Owls lost 30–21 to the Bruins.


title: Temple Owls football

text: In 2010, the Owls lost a crucial game to Ohio University which would have clinched them a MAC Championship berth. The week after, Temple added another loss to Miami (Ohio), and coupled with losses to Penn State and Northern Illinois, the Owls finished at 8–4 for the season but did not receive a bowl bid.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Steve Addazio coached the Owls from 2011 to 2012 before becoming the Boston College head coach. During the 2011 season, the Owls reached their fourth bowl game ever after posting a 9–4 record. In a dominating win over Wyoming, the Owls secured their second bowl win in team history. The following season, Temple went 4–7 in its first season back in the Big East. Following the season, Addazio left Temple to become the head coach at Boston College.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Matt Rhule, who had previously served as a Temple assistant coach from 2006 to 2011, was named Temple's head coach in December 2012. Rhule was previously serving as the Assistant Offensive Line Coach for the NFL's New York Giants. Rhule beat out his former colleague, University of Miami defensive coordinator Mark D'Onofrio for the job.


title: Temple Owls football

text: In Rhule's first season as head coach, Temple struggled and won just two games. Despite the record, however, Rhule and his staff assembled the No. 2 recruiting class in the American Athletic Conference for the Class of 2014.


title: Temple Owls football

text: During Rhule's second year as head coach, Temple showed considerable improvement over its previous season record. Temple defeated Vanderbilt University, 37–7, in its opening game for the program's first win over an SEC opponent since 1938. Later in the season, Temple upset the No. 21 East Carolina Pirates for its first win over a nationally ranked opponent since 1998. Overall, the 2014 Temple Owls football team finished at a bowl-eligible mark of 6–6 but did not secure a bowl bid. Rhule's contract was extended until the 2019–20 season in July 2015.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Rhule began the 2015 season by beating Penn State, his own alma mater, 27–10 in front of a sellout crowd of 69,176 – a record for a college football game at Lincoln Financial Field. The win against Penn State was the school's first since 1941. The Owls also set an American Athletic Conference record for sacks in a game by recording 10 against highly touted NFL prospect Christian Hackenberg. One of the 10 sacks came on a two-man rush against Penn State's offensive line and was featured on ESPN's "Not Top 10." The Owls followed up their historic win by going on the road and knocking off American Athletic Conference preseason favorite Cincinnati 34–26.


title: Temple Owls football

text: The Owls continued their hot start with a close 25–23 win at Massachusetts. After a bye week, Temple traveled to Charlotte and stomped the 49ers by a score of 37–3. Robby Anderson caught 2 touchdowns and Nate L Smith recovered a blocked punt for a touchdown in the win that sent Temple to its first 4–0 start since 1974.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Temple beat Tulane 49–10 in week 5, followed by a 30–16 win at home against UCF. Playing in a sold out Dowdy–Ficklen Stadium, Temple won a harrowing victory in a nationally televised game against East Carolina, marking the program's first 7–0 start since its inception in 1894. Temple was in the national spotlight as ESPN's College GameDay took place at Temple for the first time in school history. The No. 21 Owls later that night took on No. 9 Notre Dame in primetime on ABC. The game was widely considered to be the program's biggest game since the 1935 Sugar Bowl. Despite the Owl's leading 20–17 with 2:30 left in the fourth quarter, the Fighting Irish rallied with a late touchdown to beat Temple 24–20, ending Temple's unbeaten start.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Temple followed up the nationally significant game vs Notre Dame with a win vs SMU, an away loss to USF and wins in both remaining home games vs No. 21 Memphis and UConn. Finishing 10–2 in the regular season for only the second time in school history, the Owls clinched a berth in the inaugural AAC Championship vs the Houston Cougars, where they lost 24–13. They ended the season with a 32–17 loss against the Toledo Rockets in the Boca Raton Bowl.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Rhule led the Owls' 2016 campaign to a 10–3 overall (7–1 AAC) record and another AAC East title, becoming the first team in league history to repeat as division champions. In the 2016 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game, the Owls beat the No. 19 Navy Midshipmen 34–10 to win their first major conference title and first conference title since the 1967 Middle Atlantic Conference title. The Owls played Wake Forest Demon Deacons football in the 2016 Military Bowl in Annapolis, Maryland.


title: Temple Owls football

text: After two seasons with 10 wins, on December 6, it was announced that Rhule was named the new coach of the Baylor Bears. Ed Foley served as the interim coach for the 2016 Military Bowl.


title: Temple Owls football

text: On December 16, 2016, Geoff Collins was named as Matt Rhule's replacement. Collins had spent the last two years as the defensive coordinator at Florida. In Collins' first year, Temple went 7-6 and won the 2017 Gasparilla Bowl. The bowl win was Temple's first since 2011 and just its third bowl win ever. During the 2018 season, Collins' Temple team started off 0–2 with losses to FCS Villanova and Buffalo but rallied to finish the season 8-4 and qualify for the 2018 Independence Bowl vs Duke. By doing so, Temple reached bowl eligibility for the fifth straight year and went to a bowl for the fourth straight year, both program records. On December 7, 2018, Collins accepted the head coaching position at Georgia Tech, leaving the Owls just 2 years into his tenure on North Broad.


title: Temple Owls football

text: On December 13, Temple named Miami defensive coordinator Manny Diaz as its new head coach; however, on December 30, Diaz left to return to Miami as head coach.


title: Temple Owls football

text: On January 10, 2019, it was announced that Northern Illinois coach Rod Carey would replace Collins. That season, The Owls recorded two wins against AP Poll ranked teams, a program record. The Owls ended the season with a loss to North Carolina in the 2019 Military Bowl, finishing with an 8–5 record. The 2020 season was reduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a delayed start to the season and only 7 games played. The team finished with a 1–6 record, their first losing season since 2013. Carey was fired after a disappointing 2021 season where finished with a record of 3-9 and lost every one of their final seven games by at least 20 points. Carey also faced accusations of losing support in the Temple locker room after multiple players including the team's starting quarterback and number one wide receiver entered the transfer portal.


title: Temple Owls football

text: On December 15, 2021, Texas Associate Head Coach and Running Back Coach Stan Drayton was announced to replace Carey as the next head football coach of the Owls. In Drayton's first season, Temple struggled and went 3–9.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Temple and the Penn State have played 45 times. Temple won three out of the first four matchups, which were held between 1931 and 1941. Penn State's 31 game winning streak, between 1952 and 2016, carried the Nittany Lions to an overwhelming series lead. Penn State leads the series 40–4-1 through the 2016 season. The two teams will have a home and home series in 2026 and 2027.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Temple vs East Carolina East Carolina Pirates Temple leading 10-9. have played 19 times. 1982-2021 they played.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Through the 2021 NFL season, 11 former Temple players have been selected to appear in the NFL Pro Bowl for a total of 19 all-time Pro Bowl selections.


title: Temple Owls football

text: When Temple first began its football program, the team had no official home field, eventually settling into Vernon Park in Germantown. From 1928 until 1977, the Owls played at Temple Stadium, also referred to as Owl Stadium and Beury Stadium. Temple Stadium encompassed 32 acres of land in the West Oak Lane neighborhood in North Philadelphia, with a capacity of nearly 20,000 people. In 1978, the team moved to Veterans Stadium. During the 1986 season, the Owls averaged an all-time high of 34,543 fans to their games at Veterans Stadium and their games, regularly televised, did well in the local Nielsen ratings. While at Veterans Stadium, the Philadelphia Phillies had priority for the field for Saturdays during baseball season. When Temple home games conflicted with Phillies home games, Temple would play at Franklin Field. Veterans Stadium remained their home field through the 2002 season. Lincoln Financial Field has been Temple's home field since 2003, with the first home game being the inaugural college game at Lincoln Financial Field between Temple and Villanova, which drew over 30,000 fans.


title: Temple Owls football

text: The most attended Temple game, with 105,950 attendees, occurred November 11, 2006 at Beaver Stadium, home of Penn State. Temple lost that game 47–0. Nine out of the ten most attended Temple games occurred at Penn State.


title: Temple Owls football

text: The largest attended home game was October 31, 2015, at Lincoln Financial Field, when the Owls played host to the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, which had an announced attendance of 69,280, while the actual attendance was north of 70,000. Temple lost the game 24–20. The 2015 season marked the first time two Temple home games (the season-opener against Penn State and the ABC primetime game against Notre Dame) sold out at Lincoln Financial Field since the team moved there in 2003.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Eight Temple games were broadcast over Philadelphia television in 2005, the most in school history at the time. At one point, Owls football games aired on 12 stations from as far north as Sayre, Pennsylvania to as far south as Baltimore. After that, games aired on only one station, WPHT 1210 (AM) in Philadelphia. Harry Donahue handled the play-by-play with former Temple Owl Steve Joachim doing the color. WHAT 1340 AM airs games in Spanish. Past play-by-play broadcasters have included Dave Sims, who covers college football and basketball for ESPN; Ron Menchine, the former Navy play-by-play announcer and Howie Herman, a sports columnist in Massachusetts.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Since rejoining the Big East Conference in 2012, and remaining in the conference when it became the American Athletic Conference, every Temple game has appeared on television. Radio-wise, the games are broadcast on WPEN 97.5 The Fanatic. Harry Donahue continues to handle the play-by-play while former Heisman Trophy runner-up and Temple running back Paul Palmer handles the color commentary. Harry Mayes is the sideline reporter.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Temple football is covered by a number of outlets, including the student newspaper, The Temple News; traditional newspapers such as "The Philadelphia Inquirer" and the "Philadelphia Daily News"; and online outlets such as CSN Philadelphia, OwlScoop.com, and OwlsDaily.com. On October 31, 2015, ESPN "College GameDay" came to Philadelphia for the first time since 2002, and the first time for the Owls Football team (in 2013, Temple Men's Basketball co-hosted ESPN College GameDay in conjunction with LaSalle University at The Palestra). College GameDay would return to Philadelphia later that year to cover the Army–Navy Game. That game was also the Saturday Night Football primetime game on ABC, the first time that a Temple football game had been featured on the program.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Temple first entered the AP poll in 1936, its first year of existence, at No. 19 after week 4. It dropped to No. 20 the subsequent week, and fell out of the poll after week 6. In 1941, Temple was again ranked in the AP poll for two weeks; No. 17 after week 2 following a 14–0 win against Penn State (their last win against the Nittany Lions for 74 years), and No. 13 after a 41–14 win over the Bucknell Bison. As of 2015, this was their highest AP ranking ever. They fell out of the AP poll after week 5. The Owls would not return to the AP poll until 1974, when they were ranked No. 19 for one week.


title: Temple Owls football

text: During the 1979 season, Temple entered the AP poll at No. 18 after week 10 following a home win against the Akron Zips. They fell out of the poll the next week but returned after week 13, and finished the season ranked No. 17 in both the Coaches and AP polls.


title: Temple Owls football

text: During the 2009 season, Temple received votes in the AP poll for four weeks and the Coaches poll for two, but did not reach the top 25 in either poll. They received votes in the AP poll for four weeks and the Coaches poll for eight during the 2010 season, including the preseason, but remained unranked. During the 2011 season, the Owls received votes in the Coaches poll for three weeks and received votes for the 2014 season preseason for the same poll.


title: Temple Owls football

text: Temple finally gained poll exposure during the breakthrough 2015 season. the Owls were ranked for six out of 14 weeks in the AP & Coaches polls, and received votes during six other weeks. Those weeks were the university's first national rankings since 1979. Also in 2015, Temple was ranked in the College Football Playoff rankings, marking the first time any Pennsylvania collegiate team was ranked by the College Football Playoff selection committee. The Owls were ranked No. 22 in consecutive weeks during which their record was 7–1 and 8–1. Temple was ranked No. 24 in the final regular season CFP rankings.


title: Temple Owls football

text: After reeling off seven straight wins to end the 2016 regular season including a win over No. 19 Navy in the American championship game, the Owls were ranked No. 23 in the AP Poll and No. 24 in the Coaches and final College Football Playoff rankings. This marked the second straight year that the Owls were ranked in the final CFP rankings, at No. 24 in both 2015 and 2016.


title: Alaşehir

text: Alaşehir (), in Antiquity and the Middle Ages known as Philadelphia (, i.e., "the city of him who loves his brother"), is a town and district of Manisa Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. It is situated in the valley of the Kuzuçay (Cogamus in antiquity), at the foot of the Bozdağ Mountain (Mount Tmolus in antiquity). The town is connected to İzmir by a railway.


title: Alaşehir

text: It stands on elevated ground commanding the extensive and fertile plain of the Gediz River (Hermus in antiquity), presenting an imposing appearance when seen from a distance. It has about 45 mosques. There are small industries and a fair trade. From one of the mineral springs comes a heavily charged water popular around Turkey.


title: Alaşehir

text: Within Turkey, the city's name is synonymous with the dried Sultana raisins, although cultivation for the fresh fruit market, less labour-intensive than the dried fruit, has gained prominence in recent decades. As Philadelphia, Alaşehir was a highly important center in the Early Christian and Byzantine periods. It remained a strong center of Orthodox Christianity until the early 20th century, and remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.


title: Alaşehir

text: Ancient episcopal sees of the late Roman province of Lydia are listed in the "Annuario Pontificio" as titular sees:


title: Alaşehir

text: Alaşehir began as perhaps one of the first ancient cities with the name Philadelphia. It was established in 189 BC by King Eumenes II of Pergamon (197–160 BC). Eumenes II named the city for the love of his brother, who would be his successor, Attalus II (159–138 BC), whose loyalty earned him the nickname, "Philadelphos", literally meaning "one who loves his brother". The city is perhaps best known as the site of one of the seven churches of Asia in the Book of Revelation.


title: Alaşehir

text: Lacking an heir, Attalus III Philometer, the last of the Attalid kings of Pergamum, bequeathed his kingdom, including Philadelphia, to his Roman allies when he died in 133 BC. Rome established the province of Asia in 129 BC by combining Ionia and the former Kingdom of Pergamum.


title: Alaşehir

text: Philadelphia was in the administrative district of Sardis (Pliny NH 5.111). In AD 17, the city suffered badly in an earthquake, and Roman Emperor Tiberius relieved it of having to pay taxes (Tacitus "Annales" 2.47, cf. Strabo 12.8.18, 13.4.10, John Lydus "de mensibus" 4.115). In response, the city granted honors to Tiberius. Evidence from coinage reveals that Caligula helped the city; under Vespasian, Philadelphia received his cognomen, Flavia. Under Caracalla, Philadelphia housed an imperial cult. Its coins bore the word "Neokoron" (literally, "temple-sweeper", caretaker of the temple). A small theatre, located at the northern edge of Toptepe Hill, is all that remains of Roman Philadelphia.


title: Alaşehir

text: Although several ancient cities bore the name of Philadelphia, it is generally agreed to be the one listed among the seven churches written to by John in the Book of Revelation. Philadelphia is listed as the sixth church of the seven. A letter specifically addressed to the Philadelphian church is recorded in


title: Alaşehir

text: (). The city's history of earthquakes may lie behind the reference to making her church "a pillar in the temple" ().


title: Alaşehir

text: Aside from the fact that Smyrna was warned of temptation lasting "ten days", and Philadelphia was promised a total exemption, or preservation, from temptation, Philadelphia shares with Smyrna the distinction of receiving nothing but praise from Christ. That explains why modern Protestant churches sometimes use "Philadelphia" as a component in the local church's name as a way of emphasizing its faithfulness.


title: Alaşehir

text: Philadelphia was a prosperous Byzantine city that was called the "little Athens" in the 6th century AD because of its festivals and temples. Presumably, that indicates that the city was not entirely converted to Christianity. Ammia, the Christian prophetess, was from Philadelphia, however. In about 600, the domed Basilica of St. John was built, remains of which are the main archaeological attraction in the modern city. The Byzantine walls that once surrounded the city have all but crumbled away. A few remnants are still visible at the northeast edge of town, near the bus stand. The city was taken by the Seljuk Turks in 1074 and 1093–1094. In 1098, during the First Crusade, it was recovered by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I. In the 11th to the 15th centuries AD, it was the seat of the "doux" (governor) and "stratopedarches" (military commander) of the Thrakesion theme.


title: Alaşehir

text: It was the centre of several revolts against ruling Byzantine emperors: in 1182, led by John Komnenos Vatatzes, and 1188–1205 or 1206, led by Theodore Mangaphas, a local Philadelphian, against Isaac II Angelos. At that time, the bishopric of Philadelphia was promoted to metropolis. In the 14th century, Philadelphia was made the metropolis of Lydia by the Greek Orthodox patriarch of Constantinople, a status that it still holds. It was granted this honour because the city did not capitulate to the Ottomans. The city was prosperous especially in the 13th and 14th centuries: there was a Genoese trading colony, and the city was an important producer of leather goods and red-dyed silk (whence, perhaps, its Turkish name, which probably means "red city"). By the 14th century, the city was surrounded by Ottoman emirates but maintained nominal allegiance to the Byzantine emperor. The city remained prosperous through trade and its strategic location.


title: Alaşehir

text: Philadelphia was an independent neutral city under the influence of the Latin Knights of Rhodes, when it was taken in 1390 by Sultan Bayezid I and an auxiliary Christian force under Byzantine Emperor Manuel II after prolonged resistance by when all of the other cities of Asia Minor had surrendered to the Ottomans. Manuel had been forced by Bayezid to participate in subjugating Philadelphia to Ottoman rule, a bitter irony given its long resistance. Twelve years later, it was captured by Timur, who built a wall with the corpses of his prisoners.


title: Alaşehir

text: The Greek Army occupied the city during the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922). There is dissent about who burned Philadelphia in 1922. American Consul George Horton wrote in his memoirs about the Turkish army tactics of burning every Greek city that they entered, which culminated with the Great Fire of Smyrna. Other accounts put the blame on the other side in which retreating Greek Army carried out a scorched-earth policy while it was retreating from Anatolia during the final phase of the war, which included the Fire of Alaşehir. According to Park, 70% of the buildings of Alaşehir were destroyed by fire, and Kinross wrote, "Alaşehir was no more than a dark scorched cavity, defacing the hillside. Village after village had been reduced to an ash-heap". It is estimated that some 3,000 lives were lost in the burning of Alaşehir.


title: Alaşehir

text: A suburb of Athens, Nea Filadelfia ("New Philadelphia"), is named from the Greek refugees from Alaşehir (in Greek known as "Philadelphia") who settled there following the war and the population exchange between Greece and Turkey of 1923.


title: Alaşehir

text: Philadelphia remains the seat of the Metropolis of Philadelphia, which has been a titular see since the Greco-Turkish population exchange.


title: Alaşehir

text: Although the Philadelphia area was an Orthodox area, the Roman Catholic Church have maintained a rival titular bishop of Philadelphia since the 1500s. Catholic bishops have included:


title: Goole

text: Goole is a port town and civil parish on the River Ouse in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The town's historic county is the West Riding of Yorkshire.


title: Goole

text: According to the 2011 UK census, Goole parish had a population of 19,518, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 17,600. It is north-east of Doncaster, south of York and west of Hull.


title: Goole

text: The town has the United Kingdom's furthest inland port, being about from the North Sea. It is capable of handling nearly 2 million tonnes of cargo per year, making it one of the most important ports on England's east coast.


title: Goole

text: Goole is twinned with Złotów in Poland. Goole was informally twinned with Gibraltar in the 1960s; at that time, Gibraltar Court was named in Goole and Goole Court was named in Gibraltar.


title: Goole

text: Goole is first attested in 1306, as "Gull Lewth" (where "lewth" means 'barn', from Old Norse "hlaða"), and then 1362 as "Gulle in Houke"' (referring to the nearby, and then more significant, village of Hook). The name is first attested in its shorter, modern form, from the 1530s. It comes from the Middle English word "goule" (or an Old English ancestor), meaning 'a channel made by a stream'. The word has sometimes been taken to imply that Goole is named after an open sewer, but there is no strong basis for this.


title: Goole

text: The Dutch civil engineer Cornelius Vermuyden diverted the River Don northwards to the River Ouse in 1626–1629 in order to drain the marshland of Hatfield Chase at the behest of King Charles I. It made the new lower Don – known as the Dutch River – navigable for barges so that coal from the South Yorkshire Coalfield could be transported to the new confluence for transfer to seagoing vessels. There the engineers built a new wooden bridge – rebuilt in iron in the 1890s and now known as the Dutch River Bridge – to the east of which a new village called 'Goole' formed.


title: Goole

text: In the 1820s the Aire and Calder Navigation company proposed development of a new canal to transport coal from the existing broad canal from Knottingley in the northern sector of the coalfield in 1826. Once it reached Goole the company proposed development of a new floating dock capable of handling larger sea-going vessels. Chief engineer Thomas Hamond Bartholomew was instructed to build the canal, docks and an associated company town to house both the dock workers and visiting seamen. Bartholomew commissioned civil engineer and builder Sir Edward Banks company to construct part of the canal and the eight transshipment docks and to lay out the associated new town to the west of the existing wooden bridge. The Banks Arms Hotel on Aire Street – today known as the Lowther Hotel - was in 1824 the first building constructed in what was known as New Goole; "The Macintosh Arms" public house on the same street took its name from engineer Hugh Macintosh.


title: Goole

text: When Goole port opened on 20 July 1826 it was a new community of about 450 people. Now it is a town with about 18,000 inhabitants.


title: Goole

text: William Hamond Bartholomew succeeded his father T. H. Bartholomew in 1853 and in 1863 introduced the Tom Pudding system of compartment boats, which could carry around of coal. On reaching the docks the barges were lifted by large hoists, from which they could be discharged direct into seagoing ships, a system so successful that it competed against rail until 1985.


title: Goole

text: Goole has several primary schools as well as Goole High School, with a sixth-form college attached to it, and a special needs school, Riverside School, that caters for 2-19 year olds. Goole College is affiliated with Hull College. There are further education colleges in Selby, York, Scunthorpe, and Bishop Burton. Goole College runs a scheme for showing the older students at the High School (in year 10 and above) what opportunities the college offers them.


title: Goole

text: The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway built a line from Pontefract and Wakefield in 1848 and the North Eastern Railway connected the port with Doncaster and Hull in 1870. The prosperity from the coal and general cargo trade with the West Riding industrial area continued for 150 years after the opening of the canal.


title: Goole

text: Today Goole railway station is at the junction of the Hull and Doncaster Branch and the Pontefract Line. Services are provided to Hull Paragon Interchange, Doncaster, Sheffield, Leeds and the commuter stations in between.


title: Goole

text: Goole is south of the M62 linking it with Kingston upon Hull in the east and Leeds and the West Yorkshire urban belt in the west. To the north the A63 road via Howden provides local access to the A19 road to Selby and York. The M18 runs west of the town, connecting it with South Yorkshire, the South and the Midlands. Bus services to surrounding towns and villages are provided by East Yorkshire Motor Services, Stagecoach in Hull and Arriva Yorkshire.


title: Goole

text: Before the reform of local government in 1974, brought about by the Local Government Act 1972, Goole was in the West Riding of Yorkshire. It was then placed in the Boothferry district of the county of Humberside until that was abolished in 1996. Since 1996 Goole has been in the East Riding of Yorkshire. It is represented by four councillors on the East Riding of Yorkshire Council.


title: Goole

text: Goole is in the parliamentary constituency of Brigg and Goole, which has been represented in the House of Commons since 2010 by Andrew Percy, a Conservative.


title: Goole

text: Goole's most prominent landmarks are its twin water towers, nicknamed 'salt' and 'pepper'. The new white water-tower was the largest in Europe at the time of construction. In the winter months Goole's gas holder on Anderson Road is visible across the north of the town. Many of the hoists and cranes on the dockside can be seen across the town. The steeple of Goole Parish Church is tall enough to be seen across the town. The townscape is made up mostly of utility and industrial structures. There is a clock tower in the main shopping district of the town on a roundabout on the site of the former open-air marketplace. West Park is an Edwardian park in the town.


title: Goole

text: Goole has a modestly sized town centre with many high street shops, independent retailers and public houses. The main shopping area is Wesley Square, off Boothferry Road (which has been pedestrianised around the main shopping area). There is a modern retail development in the town centre, a leisure centre next to the docks and the Goole and District Hospital, to the north of the town. A theatre and cinema, 'Junction', opened in 2009.


title: Goole

text: Glass is produced in Goole, which is also the centre of an agricultural district. The town's former large employer was a clothing manufacture for the big multiples but it closed in the late 2000s. Goole's industrial park, Capitol Park / Goole36, has attracted two large employers: Guardian Industries, which built a glass-manufacturing plant, and Tesco, which built a distribution centre. The arrival of these employers resulted in the creation of hundreds of new jobs. A new Morrisons store opened in Goole on 2 August 2010, on land previously occupied by Timms Mill on Boothferry Road. A new railway rolling stock factory was built at the same location during 2018/2019. The plant, owned and operated by Siemens, builds the new tube trains for the Piccadilly line in London.


title: Goole

text: Three locks keep the water in of floating docks at a constant depth of by preventing the level from rising and falling with the tides in the River Ouse. Once ships are within the complex, eight docks provide a total quayside of . Beside the docks are transit sheds where cargo is stored, many of them equipped with overhead cranes. Unlike many ports every one of the eight docks has been in full commercial operation since its construction in the period from 1826 to 1912.


title: Goole

text: For most of its life the port was most associated with the shipment of coal and associated cargoes, including the importation of pit props. With the demise of mining the former Timber Pond became a marina, trading under the name Goole Boathouse. It has berths for 150 boats.


title: Goole

text: After a period of decline commodities were replaced by containers, the export of steel and the import of timber from north-eastern Europe. Today the Port of Goole has regular cargo liner services to Norway, Sweden, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Spain, Morocco and South Africa and a transshipment route to Europort, Rotterdam.


title: Goole

text: Goole Town Cricket Club supports local cricket teams. Of its three teams, the first team plays in the club cricket York & District Senior League. A new clubhouse was constructed in 1996 providing facilities and a bar.


title: Goole

text: Rugby Union is played close to the cricket club at Westfield Banks, sharing facilities with Goole Tennis Club and Goole Viking Striders running club. Goole RUFC currently fields two teams, the first team playing in Yorkshire Division Two.


title: Goole

text: Goole has two football teams - Goole A.F.C. and Goole United A.F.C. They currently play in the Northern Premier League Division One South and the Humber Premier League Division One respectively. They both play at the Victoria Pleasure Grounds on Marcus Street. The nearest professional teams are Rotherham United, Doncaster Rovers, Grimsby Town, Hull City, Leeds United, Barnsley, Scunthorpe United, Sheffield Wednesday, Sheffield United and York City.


title: Goole

text: Goole used to have two golf clubs. The early course, founded in 1900, was at Rawcliffe Park. The later course was at Airmyn Park from 1911 to the Second World War. Currently Goole's nearest golf clubs are the Boothferry Golf Club in Spaldington and Drax Golf Club in Drax.


title: Goole

text: The town is served by a weekly tabloid newspaper, "The Goole Times", published since 1853 and sold in Goole and neighbouring parts of the East Riding of Yorkshire.


title: Goole

text: The town is referenced by the play An Inspector Calls, where the main character is named after the town of Goole


title: Buffalo (mine protected vehicle)

text: The Buffalo is a wheeled mine resistant ambush protected (MRAP) armored military vehicle built by Force Protection, Inc., a division of General Dynamics. It is the largest vehicle in Force Protection's line-up, followed by the Cougar MRAP and the Ocelot light protected patrol vehicle (LPPV).


title: Buffalo (mine protected vehicle)

text: The Buffalo vehicle was designed based on the successful South African Casspir mine-protected vehicle. The Casspir is a four-wheeled vehicle, while the Buffalo has six wheels. Buffalo is also fitted with a large articulated arm, used for ordnance disposal. Both vehicles incorporate a "V" shaped monohull chassis that directs the force of the blast away from the occupants.


title: Buffalo (mine protected vehicle)

text: Buffalo is also now equipped with BAE Systems' LROD cage armor for additional protection against RPG-7 anti-tank rounds.


title: Buffalo (mine protected vehicle)

text: Glass armor is sufficient at 6 inches thickness. Run-flat tires are mounted on all six wheels. The Buffalo combines ballistic and blast protection with infrared technology to detect the presence of dangerous ordnance and a robotic arm to disable the explosive ordnance. Personnel operate the Buffalo’s 30-foot robotic arm and claw from within the armored hull via a mounted camera and sensory equipment, to safely dispose of mines and IEDs.


title: Buffalo (mine protected vehicle)

text: In 2004, the United States had a limited number of Buffaloes in service, with an order for 15 more, at a cost of $10 million. On June 6, 2008 Force Protection, Inc delivered its 200th Buffalo to the U.S. Military.


title: Buffalo (mine protected vehicle)

text: In 2009 Force Protection started producing the A2 version, with major changes in the Axle Tech rear axles, Cat C13 engine, Cat CX31 transmission, and suspension, along with additional upgrades to the HVAC system, hood and front bumper. The easiest way to identify an A1 version from the A2 version is that the front bumper of the A2 has a larger profile. The last Buffalo A2 MRAP truck 795 was completed in June 2014. Force Protection was acquired by General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS) in 2011 for $350 million.


title: Buffalo (mine protected vehicle)

text: The Buffalo appeared as the vehicle mode of the Decepticon Bonecrusher in the movie "Transformers" (2007), and in the sequel, "". Production designer Jeff Mann stated, "We found this image of a mine-sweeping vehicle that had a huge arm with what appeared to be a fork on the end. So we called the people who owned it, hoping there was a chance we could rent it or buy it, but when we got the data, it turned out the fork was only wide—they had totally cheated the whole thing in Photoshop... We had to make an appliance to fit over the existing arm, that wouldn’t bounce around too much because it was about wide."


title: Buffalo (mine protected vehicle)

text: Buffalo vehicles and JERRVs are used by the Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) team in the television show "Bomb Patrol Afghanistan".


title: The Last Great American Dynasty

text: "The Last Great American Dynasty" (stylized in all lowercase) is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It appears as the third track on her eighth studio album, "Folklore", which was released on July 24, 2020, via Republic Records. Its lyrics were written by Swift, inspired by the life of a former owner of her Rhode Island mansion—American socialite Rebekah Harkness—one of the wealthiest women in the United States history. Aaron Dessner composed and produced the song.


title: The Last Great American Dynasty

text: The song is an alternative, indie pop, folktronica, and guitar pop tune propelled by an uptempo arrangement of percussions, slide guitar, strings and glitchy electronic elements. Sung from a third-person perspective until a change near the end of the song to first-person perspective, "The Last Great American Dynasty" provides a satirical anecdote of Harkness, who used to reside at the house in the late 20th century and was the gossip of the town, while drawing parallels between the two women's lives.


title: The Last Great American Dynasty

text: Upon release, "The Last Great American Dynasty" became a fan-favorite and inspired memes about popular movies and television shows. The song received acclaim from music critics, who praised the song's lyricism, plot, production, and eccentric muse, calling it a standout on "Folklore". "The Last Great American Dynasty" entered the top-ten in Australia, Malaysia and Singapore, and number 13 in Canada, New Zealand, and the United States—one of the five "Billboard" Hot 100 top-20 hits from the album. Publications placed the song in many year-end best-music lists of 2020.


title: The Last Great American Dynasty

text: Aiming for an uptempo and enticing sound, American musician Aaron Dessner composed the instrumentals of "The Last Great American Dynasty", inspired by the electric guitars in Radiohead's album, "In Rainbows" (2007). He sent the music sample to American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, who was isolating herself due to the COVID-19 pandemic; she liked the sound, and wrote the lyrics to the song in under the time Dessner would go out for a run and return. The lyrics were inspired by the life of American socialite Rebekah Harkness, whom Swift wanted to write about ever since she purchased the Holiday House in 2013.


title: The Last Great American Dynasty

text: In a 2020 "Entertainment Weekly" interview, Swift revealed that she first learned about Harkness from a real estate agent who walked her through the property. Consequently, the singer started reading a lot about Harkness's life and found her stories interesting. It led to the development of parallels between Harkness and herself, both of them "being the lady that lives in that house on the hill that everybody gets to gossip about". Swift stated she was looking for a chance to write about Harkness, and finally found it when she heard the instrumental track that Dessner sent. Swift employed a narrative device in the song's lyrics commonly found in country music, which she described as: "the first verse you sing about someone else, the second verse you sing about someone else who's even closer to you, and then in the third verse, you go, 'Surprise! It was me'. You bring it personal for the last verse".


title: The Last Great American Dynasty

text: "The Last Great American Dynasty" is an indie pop, folktronica, and guitar pop tune that embraces a glitchy, alternative production, making use of classical instruments like slide guitar, viola, violins and drums. Swift's vocal range in the song spans between E to B. The song is written in the key of G major and has a moderately fast tempo of 148 beats per minute. In a 2021 exclusive for "People", Swift further explained why Harkness inspired the song: "It can be a real pearl-clutching moment for society when a woman owns her desires and wildness, and I love the idea that the woman in question would be too joyful in her freedom to even care that she's ruffling feathers, raising eyebrows or becoming the talk of the town. The idea that she decided there were marvelous times to be had, and that was more important".


title: The Last Great American Dynasty

text: "The Last Great American Dynasty" narrates the story and satirizes the vilification of American socialite and composer Rebekah Harkness, who previously inhabited the Holiday House—Swift's mansion in Watch Hill, an affluent coastal village in Westerly, Rhode Island. Written in a townsfolk third-person narrative, it details the following: Rebekah West, a middle-class divorcée from St. Louis, married William "Bill" Harkness in 1947, who was the heir to Standard Oil, an oil-refining company that was the 19th-century's first and largest multinational corporation in the world. The couple bought a seaside estate in Watch Hill, Rhode Island, and nicknamed it "Holiday House". Bill died of heart attack in 1954, for which Rebekah was blamed by the town. After her then-husband's death, Rebekah inherited his enormous wealth and became one of the wealthiest women in the US.


title: The Last Great American Dynasty

text: Rebekah invited "big names" and her "bitch pack"—a group of female city friends—to the house, and spent the new money by throwing numerous high-class events and "outrageous" parties; Watch Hill scorned her for causing the downfall of the Harkness family, calling her the maddest and the "most shameless" woman in the town's history. Pursuing her passion for arts, Rebekah founded a professional ballet company in 1964, called the Harkness Ballet. Further details in the song about Harkness' life include: how she gambled with Spanish surrealist artist Salvador Dalí, "filled" her swimming pool with champagne, when in fact, she had only used champagne to clean the pool, and stole a neighbor's dog and dyed it lime green because of a feud, whereas in reality, it was a cat instead of a dog, which implies the inaccuracy of gossips—one of many lyrical motifs present in "Folklore". The lyric "she had a marvelous time ruining everything" refers to the hate she received from the town and tabloids, and how Rebekah is infamous for "not fitting in".


title: The Last Great American Dynasty

text: In the song's bridge, Swift reveals her purchase of the Holiday House after 50 years of its vacancy, and in the final chorus, she shifts to first-person narrative, proclaiming herself "the loudest woman" the town has ever seen, and correlates between her celebrity life and Rebekah's controversies. Swift resonates her highly criticized moves with elements of Rebekah's story, and concludes the song with an outro of "I had a marvelous time ruining everything". Mainstream media has linked several moments of Swift's unfavorable press to that of Rebekah's, including the scrutiny the singer faces because of her highly publicized romantic life, her "squad" of popular celebrities, the Fourth of July parties she threw at the Holiday House, Watch Hill residents' concerns about the attention Swift brings to the community, and the governor of Rhode Island, Gina Raimondo, suggesting a tax on secondary homes costlier than $1 million, which was famously dubbed "the Taylor Swift tax". "The Last Great American Dynasty" is thematically feminist, and thus considered to be a prequel to the twelfth "Folklore" track, "Mad Woman".


title: The Last Great American Dynasty

text: Critics praised "The Last Great American Dynasty" for Swift's signature wordplay and the storytelling plot. Hannah Mylrea of "NME" lauded the song for its brooding instrumentals, Swift's peculiar vocals, and storytelling style reminiscent of works by Mary Chapin Carpenter and Bob Dylan, and pitted it as "a contender for the best Taylor Swift song ever written". Noting its historical details, Americana imagery and "Fitzgerald-esque" lines, "Pitchfork" writer Julian Mapes hailed the song as "the all-timer, the instant classic" that celebrates society-defying women, and stated that the lyrics "play out in your mind like a storybook", but successfully point out society's reception of assertive women. Mapes also hailed the production as "textural and tastefully majestic". Finding the song's lyricism as the most impressive storytelling from all of "Folklore", Mikael Wood of the "Los Angeles Times" named the song the most humorous of all tracks, ranking it the album's third best song. Wood described it "a detailed portrait of the real-life woman who owned Swift's Rhode Island mansion—and evidently scandalized the town's gentry—decades before the singer did".


title: The Last Great American Dynasty

text: "PopMatters" critic Michael Sumsion labelled the song a shrewd comparison that upgrades a small-town tale into a "towering myth". Callie Ahlgrim of "Insider" asserted the twist in the song's bridge as "poetic genius". She further compared the final chorus tuning back to the present, underlining the parallels between Rebekah and Swift, to the bridge of Swift's 2008 hit, "Love Story", where Romeo proposes. Chris Willman of "Variety" opined that Swift has "a grand old time" identifying herself with women who lived decades before her. In congruence, Rob Sheffield of "Rolling Stone" wrote that the song satirizes the upper-class environment of "Starlight", the fifteenth track on Swift's 2012 album "Red", and matched the similarities between the songs—the usage of the word "marvelous" and the muses being people who lived decades before Swift's birth.


title: The Last Great American Dynasty

text: "Uproxx" writer Philip Cosores regarded "The Last Great American Dynasty" as entrenched in Swift's trademark "melodic warmth" and "vivid details", and complimented Dessner's slow-burning production. Olivia Ovenden of "Esquire" picked the song as the album's highlight, and commended it for "seamlessly" blending indie sounds with Swift's pop prowess. Jon Caramanica of "The New York Times" commented that the subject of the song, Harkness, is "a classic Swift heroine", who is purposeful, disruptive and misunderstood. Jonathan Keefe, writing for "Slant", thought the song highlights how Swift's "widening worldview" has enhanced her songwriting skills. Caleb Campbell, writing for "Under The Radar", found Swift seeing herself in the misogynistic tabloid gossip that afflicted Harkness, but shunning out the "diaristic, reputation-obsessed" semblance of her older catalogue.


title: The Last Great American Dynasty

text: Katie Moulton, writing for "Consequence of Sound", summarized that the song is a result of Swift's imagination expanding, as she is "consciously trying to write from perspectives not her own". Nick Levine of "The Telegraph" pondered whether Swift is only acknowledging tensions with Watch Hill locals in the song, or if she is designating herself the successor to Harkness, and picked "The Last Great American Dynasty" as an album standout for exemplifying why Swift is one of the great songwriters of her generation. "Billboard" listed "The Last Great American Dynasty" as one of its 20 picks for 2020 Song of the Summer, and remarked that the song gives-off "a more summery vibe" despite the generally "chillier" atmosphere of "Folklore".


title: The Last Great American Dynasty

text: In her list ranking all 161 songs by Swift yet, Hannah Mylrea of "NME" placed the song at number two, only behind "All Too Well" (2012). She was impressed at how "The Last Great American Dynasty" manages to communicate a huge portion of Harkness's life in under few minutes, topping it off with a "banging" chorus. "NME" placed the song at number eight on its list of 50 best songs of 2020, stating "Swift engaged masterful storytelling techniques over Dessner's glitchy, cantering production, vividly spinning the tale of Harkness' life while drawing parallels between the sexist criticism both women have received [...] It's an astonishing song: one that fuses witty lyricism with megawatt hooks, and a reminder that Taylor Swift is an artist who should never be underestimated." "Uproxx" listed the track as the 15th best song of 2020, with Caitlin White dubbing it a "quintessential Swiftian creation". "Pitchfork" named it the 32nd best song of 2020 on its list ranking the year's 100 best songs. "Billboard" ranked it as the 39th best song of 2020, while "American Songwriter" listed it amongst its 20 best songs of the year. In 2021, Rob Sheffield placed "The Last Great American Dynasty" at number 17 on his ranking of Swift's 199 songs, while "Clash" critics named it one of the 15 best songs in her discography.


title: The Last Great American Dynasty

text: Upon release of "Folklore", "The Last Great American Dynasty" reached the top 20 in many countries worldwide. In the US, all of the album's sixteen tracks debuted on the "Billboard" Hot 100 simultaneously, with "The Last Great American Dynasty" at number 13—the fourth highest-peaking song from the album, behind "Cardigan" (number one), "The 1" (number four) and "Exile" (number six), and one of its five top-20 hits. The song further debuted at number 42 on the "Billboard" Digital Song Sales chart. The song peaked at number 13 on both of the Canadian Hot 100 and New Zealand Top 40 Singles charts.


title: The Last Great American Dynasty

text: In Australia, the song debuted at number seven on the ARIA Singles Chart; along with four other tracks from "Folklore" that landed in the top-10, giving the album five top-10 hits in the country. The album spawned five top-ten debuts in Malaysia as well, where "The Last Great American Dynasty" peaked at number 10 on the RIM Singles chart. On the Singapore Top 30 Digital Streaming chart, "The Last Great American Dynasty" peaked at number nine, marking the fourth top-10 hit from "Folklore" in the country. The song further arrived at numbers 56, 81 and 89 on Ö3 Austria Top 40, Portugal's AFP Top 200 Singles and Sweden's Sverigetopplistan, respectively.


title: The Last Great American Dynasty

text: "The Last Great American Dynasty" became a fan-favorite. Upon release, the song ignited a phenomenon of viral memes on the internet, with the phrase "there goes the last great American dynasty" applied to several fictional families or friends that appear in films and television shows, such as "The Twilight Saga", "High School Musical", "Succession", "Gilmore Girls", "Schitt's Creek", "This Is Us" and "Jersey Shore," Disney Channel releases like "Hannah Montana", "Wizards of Waverly Place", and "Camp Rock", food chains like Taco Bell and California Pizza Kitchen, and video game arcade Blockbuster.


title: The Last Great American Dynasty

text: On September 8, 2020, a Twitter user proposed the idea for a film inspired by "The Last Great American Dynasty", with a cast featuring Blake Lively as Rebekah, Ryan Reynolds as Bill and Jesse Tyler Ferguson as the neighbor, to which the three actors responded affirmatively. Swift extended her support to the idea, along with Gigi Hadid.


title: The Last Great American Dynasty

text: In December 2020, British musician Steven Wilson of English progressive rock band Porcupine Tree performed a cover version of "The Last Great American Dynasty" as part of the musical sessions promoting his sixth studio album, "The Future Bites" (2021). Swiss singer-songwriter Marcos Cabanas, along with American musician Jake Thistle, released a cover of "The Last Great American Dynasty" as part of Cabanas' third album "From The Town of Lincoln, Nebraska" (2020).


title: Patrick Robinson (author)

text: Patrick Robinson (born 21 January 1940) is a British novelist and newspaper columnist living in Cotuit, Massachusetts, US. He is the father of Ben Robinson from the Bravo TV shows Below Deck and Below Deck Mediterranean.


title: Patrick Robinson (author)

text: His recent books are naval-based thrillers, each telling the story of a crisis facing the world in the early 21st century. His earlier works include four nonfiction books about thoroughbred horses; "", the story of the 1987 Oxford Boat Race mutiny (for which he, and co-author Dan Topolski won the inaugural William Hill Sports Book of the Year in 1989); and "One Hundred Days", the biography of Admiral Sir Sandy Woodward.


title: Alison Wonderland

text: Alexandra Margo Sholler (born 27 September 1986), known professionally as Alison Wonderland, is an Australian electronic dance music producer, DJ, and singer. Her debut album, "Run", was released on 20 March 2015, which peaked at No. 6 on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified gold by ARIA. Her second album, "Awake", debuted at No. 1 on Billboard's Top Dance/Electronic Albums. She was listed at No. 96 on "DJ Mag"s Top 100 DJs in October 2018. She is also the highest billed female DJ in Coachella history. Outside of being well-known for her music, she is outspoken about her support for mental health and frequently shares her experiences with her fans.


title: Alison Wonderland

text: Alison Wonderland was born as Alexandra Sholler in 1986. She is of Croatian descent. She grew up in Sydney where she trained as a classical musician, specialising in cello. She performed as a cellist with the Sydney Youth Opera and was later a bass guitarist in a few local indie rock bands.


title: Alison Wonderland

text: Wonderland later recalled how she developed an interest in electronic dance music, "I went out to a club called Candy's Apartment... Someone played 'Silent Shout' by the Knife... I remember just completely zoning out... and walking over to the DJ and asking, 'What is this track?! Please tell someone what this track is, because this is amazing'." Her performance name is a pun to the Lewis Carroll novel "Alice in Wonderland".


title: Alison Wonderland

text: In 2018, Alison Wonderland revealed that she had been battling depression and suicidal thoughts, caused by an abusive relationship. She had completely lost her appetite for food and social interaction with others, and attempted suicide at one point. Writing the lyrics for her 2017 album Awake was therapeutic. In 2019, she decided to cancel multiple shows in Europe to focus on her mental health after consulting her managers and personal doctors, with overwhelming support from both numerous fellow DJs, EDM artists and fans alike.


title: Alison Wonderland

text: During 2012 she worked as a remixer on Sam Sparro's "I Wish I Never Met You", which appeared as a bonus track on that artist's Japanese version of his second album, "Return to Paradise" (June 2012). Sneha Dave of "Music Feeds" observed, "[she] proves once again why she's becoming somewhat of a remix authority. Recently played by none other than Pete Tong on BBC Radio 1, [her] rendition perfectly complements Sparro's creamy vocals. Infused with a deep house sensibility, yet imprinted with original flair, this arrangement depicts exactly what a good remix should be – a tribute to the original."


title: Alison Wonderland

text: Also in 2012 Wonderland toured with the Parklife Music Festival, visiting Australian city parks in September to October. Her set list included her remixes, Sparro's "I Wish I Never Met You" and Ladyhawke's "Blue Eyes (Alison Wonderland Remix)". Highlights were presented by Falcona on Vimeo, where she was also interviewed by the Bondi Whispers. "Purple Sneakers" Lauren Payne noticed, Wonderland's version of "Blue Eyes" is "a very digital remix of Ladyhawke's catchy new single. Swapping the guitar and drums for a more electronic vibe, [Wonderland] has make some techno tweaks to the single and the end product is, in true [Wonderland] style, just plain splendiferous!"


title: Alison Wonderland

text: Alison Wonderland released her debut single, "Get Ready" (featuring Fishing), in July 2013. The track was co-written by Sholler with Russell Fitzgibbon, Brendan Picchio and Douglas Wright. Fitzgibbon and Wright perform as a house music duo, Fishing. She was signed to EMI Music Australia in 2014, which is part of Universal Music Australia. As a DJ, she embarked on a national tour playing in warehouses.


title: Alison Wonderland

text: On 27 June 2014 her five-track debut extended play, "Calm Down", was released. It provided two singles, "I Want U" (May) and "Cold". "I Want U", which was co-written by Sholler with Andrew Swanson (a.k.a. Djemba Djemba), peaked at No. 38 on the ARIA Singles Chart, and was certified gold by ARIA in 2016. It topped the Hype Machine charts as her biggest hit to that time.


title: Alison Wonderland

text: In February 2015, Wonderland released "U Don't Know" which featured Wayne Coyne from the Flaming Lips on guest vocals. The music video gained popularity due to Christopher Mintz-Plasse's lead role alongside Wonderland. "U Don't Know" peaked at No. 63 on the ARIA Singles Chart. In March, Wonderland released her debut studio album "Run". For the album Wonderland used fellow Australian artists, Slumberjack and SAFIA as well as various producers, Djemba Djemba, Awe, and Lido. It peaked at No. 6 in Australia and No. 12 in New Zealand. K Spence from "YourEDM.com" praised the album due to its diversity and her involvement in the album, as she was credited as a writer, vocalist and producer. The title track was issued as a single on 11 June, along with its music video. The music video peaked at No. 6 in Australia which made it her biggest hit to date. "Run" had over two-million streams on Spotify as of 20 January 2016.


title: Alison Wonderland

text: On 4 August 2015 a video for the album track "Take It to Reality" featuring SAFIA was released On 4 September 2015 "Run" was released in the United Kingdom. The third and final single, "Games", was issued on 9 September, and was praised by Spence for its lack of trap elements, in which most of Wonderland's music incorporates. The music video was released on the same day and was a one-take scene of Wonderland performing many sports including Grid Iron, Martial Arts and Chess. A deluxe edition of "Run" was released on 30 October, which included remixes of the singles, "U Don't Know", "I Want U", "Games", "Run" and "Get Ready".


title: Alison Wonderland

text: Alison Wonderland was nominated for in two categories at the ARIA Music Awards of 2015, Best Dance Release for the single, "Run"; and Best Video for "U Don't Know" featuring Wayne Coyne. The latter was in a category that was publicly voted. She was one of eight nominees to gain exactly two nominations.


title: Alison Wonderland

text: Her song "Run" was listed on Triple J Hottest 100, 2015 at No. 59. On 6 February 2016 she previewed a track, "Messiah", at a show, which incorporated more pop elements compared to her earlier material. It was released as a single late in 2016 with Australian hip-hop producer, M-Phazes.