title: African Development Bank

text: The following table are amounts for the 20 largest countries by voting powers at the African Development Bank as of September 2021.


title: African Development Bank

text: The United Nations launched "Development Business" in 1978 with the support of the World Bank and many other major development banks from around the world. Today, "Development Business" is the primary publication for all major multilateral development banks including the African Development Bank, United Nations agencies, and several national governments, many of whom have made the publication of their tenders and contracts in "Development Business" mandatory.


title: Torremolinos

text: Torremolinos () is a municipality in Andalusia, southern Spain, west of Málaga. A poor fishing village before the growth in tourism began in the late 1950s, Torremolinos was the first of the Costa del Sol resorts to be developed and is still the most popular in the region.


title: Torremolinos

text: On the western shore of the Bay of Málaga and in front of the Sierra de Mijas from Málaga, it is served by the A-7 motorway, which bypasses the city to the north, the Cercanías commuter train and Avanzabus.


title: Torremolinos

text: In 2013, it had 69,389 inhabitants, making it the sixth largest city in the province. The township has an area of and a population density of 3153.85 inhabitants/km, which is multiplied during the summer months.


title: Torremolinos

text: Areas of the town are dotted with older high-rise residential buildings and hotels, but height limitations on new developments and a significant number of original old town properties have kept the town centre much more open than other popular resorts such as Benidorm and Fuengirola.


title: Torremolinos

text: As the name Coast of the Sun implies, Torremolinos enjoys one of the best climates in Europe. It has long, dry summers with relatively low humidity, and mild winters with occasional, though heavy, rainfall. The town benefits in the summer from cool sea breezes predominantly coming from Africa, although this does mean a fair amount of Sahara dust. Temperatures normally hover around in the summer and in the winter. Torremolinos, like San Francisco, sometimes experiences a sea fog that goes as quickly as it appears.


title: Torremolinos

text: The beach, which extends for nearly , has cycle and skating lanes alongside the fully illuminated promenade and features many chiringuitos (beach bars/restaurants). The eastern end of the beach, known as Los Álamos, has live dance music events throughout the summer. The easternmost parts of the beach have kitesurfing and windsurfing except under the flight path of the airport.


title: Torremolinos

text: In addition to its tourism sector, Torremolinos is known locally for its vibrant and liberal nightlife, particularly its numerous bars and clubs catering to the LGBT community. Torremolinos co-hosted World Pride in 2017 in conjunction with Madrid and holds its own Pride in June, now the third largest in Spain.


title: Torremolinos

text: Archaeological finds including human bones, tools, and pottery prove that the Torremolinos area was settled as early as the Neolithic Age. Some remnants are neanderthalians and dated 150,000 years old by radiocarbon dating.


title: Torremolinos

text: According to the Egyptian Greek geographer Ptolemy, the Phoenicians had founded here a colony named "Saduce", but the Romans are the most likely to have founded the current town, as shown by findings of edifices and a necropolis (from whose size it has been deduced that the settlement had around 2,000 inhabitants). They also built the road joining Cadiz with Málaga, passing through Torremolinos.


title: Torremolinos

text: With the Moorish conquest of Spain, the mills, from which the town takes its name (meaning "Tower of the Mills"), were introduced. However, at the time the population was reduced; the tower was built by the Nasrid rulers of Granada starting from 1300. After the fall of Granada, the town remained subject to North African pirate attacks which lasted from the 18th century; during the War of Spanish Succession, the town was attacked by an Anglo-Dutch flotilla under the British admiral George Rooke and almost entirely destroyed. A document dated 1769 lists a town population of 106.


title: Torremolinos

text: The mills and the city were rebuilt in the early 20th century, but the mill industry started to decline in the 1920s. It was largely replaced by an increasing tourist interest from 1928, particularly British visitors. Hotel Pez Espada opened in 1960. The first gay bar in Spain, Toni's Bar, was founded in Torremolinos in 1962. The Spanish regime reacted to the free lifestyle of the city with arrests of homosexuals and other repressions during the 1970s.


title: Torremolinos

text: The name comes from the words Torre (Tower) and Molino (Mill). Water mills covered all this area of which only one survives (Molino de Inca) and one tower which forms part of a restaurant.


title: Torremolinos

text: Historians believe that moulded stones discovered at beaches and mountains in Torremolinos indicate the existence of the village 150000 years ago. Further evidence of its pre-history are nine skulls, some bones, clay pots, axe heads and arrows, ornaments of necklaces and bracelets, a ring and some animal bones discovered in the excavations of the caves: cueva del Tesoro (treasure cave), cueva tapada (cover cave), cueva del encanto (charm cave), cueva del tejón (badger cave).


title: Torremolinos

text: The study of these items places them at the Neolithic in the Quaternary period, around 5.000 years before Christ at the period when man learned to cultivate, the land. It is estimated that the skeletons found at the caves and at the cape of Torremolinos were 1.5 or 1.6 meters tall (4’9 ft. or 5’2 ft.).


title: Torremolinos

text: According to Ptolemy, Phoenicians built the city of Saduce next to Torremolinos. The Romans constructed a road to connect Gades (Cádiz) with Malaca (Málaga). In the 1990s a Roman necropolis was discovered with 23 graves at the "San Luis build" at Cantabria's square, which confirm the existence of village with 2000 years old.


title: Torremolinos

text: Around 1300, the Muslim dynasty of the "Nazríes", which governed Málaga between the 13th and 15th centuries, built the defensive tower that can be seen at the end of San Miguel Street. The tower is 12 meters (39’37 ft.) tall and was built with earth. It is composed of two floors and watch windows to the sea and a terrace.


title: Torremolinos

text: After the Christians conquered the kingdom of Granada, Torremolinos was attacked by pirates until the 18th century.


title: Torremolinos

text: During the War of Spanish succession, an Anglo-Dutch fleet, commanded by the British Admiral George Rooke, looted and burned the houses and mills and destroyed all of Torremolinos. A census of 1769 shows a population of 106 people.


title: Torremolinos

text: During the first half of the 19th century the town was rebuilt and by 1849 there were 14 mills, a fuller mill p Kraft paper and 785 inhabitants. With the demise of the mill, Torremolinos became a small fishing village until the end of the 1950s when it became one of the first tourist centres in the Costa del Sol.


title: Torremolinos

text: In the 1950s many celebrities visited Torremolinos such as Grace Kelly, Ava Gardner, Marlon Brando, Orson Welles and Frank Sinatra.


title: Torremolinos

text: In 1959, the Art Deco styled Pez Espada hotel was opened, the first luxury hotel along the coast. In the following years, new hotels, nightclubs and other tourist-aimed establishments changed the face of the town and its beaches. By 1965, Torremolinos was already consolidated as a major tourist destination.


title: Torremolinos

text: Torremolinos has a subtropical Mediterranean climate (Köppen: "Csa") with very mild, humid winters and hot, very dry summers. The summers are hot and dry with relatively low humidity, and the winters are mild and humid, especially in November and December, with occasional, though heavy, rainfall. The town benefits in the summer from cool sea breezes predominately coming from Africa although this does mean a fair amount of Sahara dust. Day temperatures normally hover around in July and August and the upper teens in the winter. In the Summer, Torremolinos sometimes experiences a sea fog that goes as quickly as it appears. The phenomenon, known as 'Taró', was reported as far back as Phoenician times and is a type of sea advection fog.


title: Torremolinos

text: Torremolinos has some very early shopping centres, most of which are sparsely populated. The main tourist shops are on Calle San Miguel and the stairs down to the beach.


title: Torremolinos

text: British tourists and residents are able to buy some English foods and products at Pepco in Plaza Nogalera, formerly Dealz which is known as Poundland in the UK.


title: Torremolinos

text: A Carrefour hypermarket is located in a large shopping mall on the A340 towards Benalmadena. Aside from a wide range of International Foods, it also sells electronics, white goods and bicycles. In the area of Plaza Mayor there is an Ikea and several other home furnishing and electrical superstores. Most of these stores offer low cost delivery services and free parking.


title: Torremolinos

text: Around town the principle supermarkets are Mercadona, Maskom, Aldi, Lidl, Dia and Supersol. There are many Chinese stores selling almost everything that is made in China. The Carrefour Express supermarket is also open Sundays, unlike most shops.


title: Torremolinos

text: In 2016, approval was given for a massive shopping, hotel, casino and leisure complex to be built by the same company, Intu, that developed the Trafford Centre in Manchester on land next to Aqualand and the A7 motorway and primary ring roads. Costing in excess of 800 million euros, it will be the largest development of its type in the Mediterranean, incorporating an indoor skydiving attraction, a wave pool, indoor snow skiing, electric go-karting, concert hall and cinemas. All major Spanish retailers will be present such as El Corte Ingles, Zara and Mango. Construction work began in November 2017 and is expected to be completed within 5 years. Major road works are planned to handle the increased traffic as well as improved transport links to the old town.


title: Torremolinos

text: As of Summer 2020 the project was on hold following the entering into Administration of INTU PLC. However the partner Eurofund was approached with a view to take over the project. and on 6 November 2020, the President of Eurofund, Ian Sandford, assumed control of the company created to carry out the development of the Intu Costa del Sol shopping and leisure complex. Eurofund had been promoting the development jointly with the British group Intu Properties, but that firm has now filed for bankruptcy.


title: Torremolinos

text: In November 2021 following a court case brought by the Sociedad Azucarera Larios real estate firm against the developers and Torremolinos town hall, the project has again been delayed by as much as 2 years as the Andalusian Supreme Court has cancelled in its entirety Torremolinos’ current urban development plan (PGOU), in force since 2020. This also affects all new developments. Torremolinos town hall is expected to appeal the decision.


title: Torremolinos

text: The coastal towns from Malaga through to Fuengirola are served by Cercanías commuter trains and the fares are divided by zone. One way, all zones normally costs under €5.


title: Torremolinos

text: Málaga Airport is 10 minutes away by train, which runs every 20 minutes and costs less than €2. It is the 4th busiest airport in Spain carrying over 16 million passengers annually. However, there is no public transport to and from the airport before 6 o'clock in the morning and past midnight. A taxi ride costs approximately €18.


title: Torremolinos

text: Torremolinos is served by 5 rail stations, all of them wheelchair-friendly including the new refurbished main station in the town centre square of La Nogalera, which now has two escalators and lifts following an investment of €7.5 million.


title: Torremolinos

text: The ticket machines accept credit cards as well as cash and have multiple languages. In 2019, the paper tickets were replaced by contactless rechargeable cards which cost an initial 50 cents.


title: Torremolinos

text: From July 2020, Renfe implemented direct access and payment at the turnstile using a contactless bank card. Customers can access the train directly by simply approaching the entrance barrier with a card or on a mobile device, and touching the reading point of the turnstiles without having to purchase a ticket in advance. This can only be used for single journeys and one must "touch out" at their destination in order to avoid being charged the maximum fare.


title: Torremolinos

text: The air-conditioned and security patrolled trains have toilet facilities, one wheelchair accessible carriage and take push bikes and prams.


title: Torremolinos

text: There are several Taxi stops, the main one being next to the Nogalera. The normal fare during the day within city limits is under €5 and about €6 minimum at night. The taxis are metered and most accept credit cards. In 2018, UberX was allowed to operate as well as Cabify and Bolt.


title: Torremolinos

text: The main bus services cover the area along the coast but the local services operate on a circular route which can be very slow. The cost is under €1.50.


title: Torremolinos

text: There are no paid parking zones in the streets of Torremolinos. Instead, a voluntary system is operated to provide work for those less able. The fee is €1 during working hours without a time limit. One will not be fined for not purchasing or displaying it. There are many underground parking facilities. The beach area is normally free off peak season. Illegally parked cars will be towed and it costs over €100 to recover them.


title: Andy Sneap

text: Andy Sneap (born 18 July 1969) is an English guitarist, record producer and composer with over 100 albums to his name, most of which have been produced at his Backstage Recording studios in rural Derbyshire. Some of the most critically acclaimed production work on albums include "Deliverance" by Opeth and "Disarm the Descent" by Killswitch Engage; for which he earned a Swedish Grammis and a US Grammy nomination, respectively. As a performer, he first built his reputation as one of the guitarists in the British thrash metal band Sabbat, and played with them up until their disbanding. He is currently one of the co-guitarists of the British heavy metal band Hell. In 2018 he joined Judas Priest as a touring guitarist, following long-time lead guitarist Glenn Tipton's diagnosis of Parkinson's disease which conflicts with his touring abilities.


title: Andy Sneap

text: He is one of the most active music producers in the heavy metal music genre and has worked with bands such as Judas Priest, Accept, Blaze Bayley, Dream Theater, Saxon, Opeth, Amon Amarth, Arch Enemy, Exodus, Megadeth, Kataklysm, Kreator, Nevermore, Testament, Carcass, Fear Factory, Overkill and DevilDriver. Of his production career, Sneap holds the distinction of having been credited as a producer, mixer or engineer on all six of Testament's albums since "The Gathering" (1999) – including the collection of re-recorded material "First Strike Still Deadly" (2001) – as well as all nine of Exodus' releases since the live album "Another Lesson in Violence" (1997). He also mixed Megadeth's show from the DVD "", also featuring Metallica, Slayer and Anthrax.


title: Andy Sneap

text: Andy Sneap was born on 18 July 1969 in Belper, Derbyshire. He got his first guitar and amplifier from his parents at age 12 as a Christmas present. He started learning guitar with founding Hell member Dave Halliday, who had a huge effect on Andy and left him all the rights to all his songs and equipment in his will following his death. Sneap joined a British heavy metal band called Hydra as the second guitarist when he was 15 years old. But two weeks later, the original guitarist and drummer quit, Simon Negus joined them, and the band's name changed to Sabbat.


title: Andy Sneap

text: After disbanding Hydra and forming a new band, they chose Sabbat as the new name, which came from a book on witchcraft. After one year of rehearsing, they recorded a four-track demo tape, "Fragments of a Faith Forgotten". Sneap distributed the demo tape to many record companies, but on listening, Berlin-based recording company Noise Records showed interest and asked for more material. In 1987, Noise Records offered the band a recording contract, but the contract could not be signed until Sneap turned 18 years old in July 1987. So they made a plan to start recording the band's first full studio album, "History of a Time to Come". Andy wrote all the music while Martin Walkyier was responsible for the lyrics. Sabbat released the album on 20 April 1988 via Noise Records, which received positive attention from journalists and fans alike.


title: Andy Sneap

text: In January 1989 Sneap and the other band members entered Sky Trak Studio in Berlin to start recording their second album, "Dreamweaver", which was a concept album based on the 1983 book by Brian Bates – "The Way of Wyrd: Tales of an Anglo-Saxon Sorcerer". Andy wrote almost all of the music except three songs, which Simon Jones also wrote with Andy. The album has come to be regarded as a classic of the thrash metal genre, which reflects Andy's predilection at that time for increasingly lengthy and progressively technical thrash metal songs.


title: Anthology 2

text: Anthology 2 is a compilation album by the Beatles, released on 18 March 1996 by Apple Records as part of "The Beatles Anthology" series. It features rarities, outtakes and live performances from the 1965 sessions for "Help!" to the sessions just prior to their trip to India in February 1968. It is the second in a trilogy of albums with "Anthology 1" and "Anthology 3", all of which tie in with the televised special "The Beatles Anthology". The opening track is "Real Love", the second of the two recordings that reunited the Beatles for the first time since the band's break-up. Like its predecessor, the album topped the "Billboard" 200 album chart and has been certified 4× Platinum by the RIAA.


title: Anthology 2

text: The "Anthology" albums were remastered and made available digitally on the iTunes Store on 14 June 2011, individually and as part of the "Anthology Box Set".


title: Anthology 2

text: "Real Love", as with "Free as a Bird", is based on a demo made by John Lennon and given to Paul McCartney by Lennon's widow, Yoko Ono. The three surviving Beatles (McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr) added guitars, bass, drums, percussion and backing vocals, but unlike with the previous song, did not re-work the lyrics or music. "Real Love" remained solely credited to Lennon, becoming the only Beatles song to have Lennon by himself in the writing credit.


title: Anthology 2

text: Disc one contains three unreleased compositions, one being an instrumental entitled "12-Bar Original", recorded for "Rubber Soul" but subsequently unused. Two other songs recorded for "Help!", "If You've Got Trouble" and "That Means a Lot", were abandoned and never returned to again by the band. The former was originally slated to be the usual vocal spot for Ringo Starr on "Help!", and the latter was eventually given to singer P.J. Proby. The version of "Everybody's Trying to Be My Baby" from the group's famed August 1965 show at Shea Stadium but left out of the documentary about the show appears for the first time.


title: Anthology 2

text: "I'm Down" was originally listed as Track 7 (in its correct place chronologically) but was shifted out of sequence to Track 3 at the last minute, at Paul McCartney's request. The album had already gone to press and McCartney reportedly paid the re-printing costs himself.


title: Anthology 2

text: Disc two contains work-in-progress versions of tracks from "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" and "Magical Mystery Tour". The take of "Strawberry Fields Forever" that made up the first minute of the released record appears in its entirety on track three. Also included are three songs that were started during this period – "Only a Northern Song", "You Know My Name (Look Up the Number)" and "Across the Universe" – but would not see release until years later, in 1969 and 1970.


title: Anthology 2

text: McCartney had hoped to include "Carnival of Light", an unreleased experimental piece that the Beatles recorded during the sessions for "Sgt. Pepper" in 1967; however, the idea was vetoed by Harrison, Starr and Ono on the grounds that the track was never intended for a Beatles release. Among the songs that were in the running for inclusion on the compilation but ultimately passed over were the following: the 1965 Shea Stadium performance of "She's a Woman"; a live version of "Nowhere Man", recorded in Tokyo in 1966; "Paperback Writer", featuring only vocals; and out-takes of "Think for Yourself" and "Love You To".


title: Anthology 2

text: Like its predecessor, "Anthology 2" sold well. In the United States, it debuted at number one, selling 442,000 copies its first week. The next week, it fell to number two, selling 201,000 copies, being replaced by Alanis Morissette's "Jagged Little Pill". The album spent two more weeks on the top 10, at number four then number eight, remaining on the "Billboard" 200 for 22 consecutive weeks and then re-entering the charts twice, marking a number 96 reach during the Christmas season of 1996. In all, the album spent 37 weeks on the charts (eight more than "Anthology 1") and sold 1,707,000 copies. In the United Kingdom, the success was similar. The first "Anthology" album had debuted at number two when it was released in November 1995, but its successor reached number one, where it remained for one week. The album spent a total of 13 weeks on the UK Albums Chart.


title: Anthology 2

text: Reviewing the compilation in March 1996, "Billboard"s reviewer described it as a "precious window into the most lucrative creative collaboration in the history of popular music".


title: 2K11 Krug

text: The 2K11 "Krug (; ) is a Soviet and now Russian medium-range, medium-to-high altitude surface-to-air missile (SAM) system. The system was designed by NPO Novator and produced by Kalinin Machine Building Plant. Its GRAU designation is "2K11." Its NATO reporting name is SA-4 "Ganef, after the Yiddish word meaning "thief"; the name was used because the system was a copy of the Bristol Bloodhound.


title: 2K11 Krug

text: Development of the Krug ZRK-SD (2K11) air defense system started in 1957 by the Lyulev OKB design bureau. It was first displayed during a parade in Moscow in May 1965. The system started to be fielded in 1967 and became fully operational in 1969. It was used by the Soviet Army as a long-range SAM.


title: 2K11 Krug

text: The early version of the Krug entered service in 1965. The first operational deployment version, the Krug-A, entered service in 1967, with extensively modified versions, the Krug-M in 1971 and the Krug-M1 in 1974, which were developed to rectify problems discovered during army service. A target drone called 9M316M Virazh, developed from obsolete Krug missiles, was proposed for export in 1994.


title: 2K11 Krug

text: The 2K11 was briefly operated by the Soviet army during the war in Afghanistan in 1979 and 1980, but was withdrawn several months after the initial invasion. In 1997, it was reported that, between 1993 and 1996, some 27 fire units of Krug and 349 missiles had been sold to Armenia. Poland flight tested four missiles in September 2006 against P-15 Termit (SS-N-2 'Styx') targets.


title: 2K11 Krug

text: The TEL vehicles are tracked based on a GM-123 chassis and carry two missiles each on an elevating turntable for up to 360-degree rotation and 70-degree elevation. The two primary versions of the missile in service are the 9M8M1 (former designation 3M8M1) (2K11M "Krug-M") and 9M8M2 (former designation 3M8M2) (2K11M2/3 "Krug-M1"), both of which are believed to be known to the US DoD as SA-4B. The original 9M8 (former designation 3M8) (SA-4A) was first introduced into service in 1965 and followed by the upgraded 9M8M (2K11A "Krug-A") in 1967 before the 9M8M1 in 1971 and the 9M8M2 in 1973. The 9M8M2 actually has a lower maximum engagement altitude and shorter range in exchange for better performance in engaging aircraft close to the battery. Each battery typically consists of two 9M8M1 missiles and four 9M8M2 missiles as well as the following radars:


title: 2K11 Krug

text: Only "Long Track" is mounted on a modified AT-T vehicle, TEL 2P24 and "Pat Hand" 1S32 are mounted on GM-123/ GM-124. "Thin Skin" is mounted on a truck. Batteries may also feature Ural 375D trucks 2T6 carrying spare missiles for reloading the launchers.


title: 2K11 Krug

text: The missiles are launched with the aid of four solid fuel rocket motors inside boosters attached to the outside of the missile. Once they have burned and the missile is aloft, a liquid-fuelled ramjet sustainer engine is ignited. It reaches speeds of up to Mach 4 and has an effective range of 50–55 km (31–34 miles) depending upon the version. It carries a 135 kg (300 lb) fragmentation warhead. Possible engagement altitudes range from 100 m to 27 km (330-88,500 feet). The 3M8 missile was designed and produced by NPO Novator.


title: 2K11 Krug

text: The Krug had several features that improved the survivability of the radar against anti-radiation missiles. In PI mode (ПИ) the system only briefly illuminated the target and the computer calculated its prolonged path based on data received from early warning radars. After a longer passive period the main radar illuminated the calculated flight direction of the target for a few seconds and recalculate path of the target if necessary (if the distance between the calculated track and the actual position is greater than 7 km). As a result, the system emitted detectable signals only for a few seconds every few minutes, making it difficult to jam or launch an anti-radar missile against the Krug. The system was also able to track the target in full-passive automated PNS (ПHC) mode based on the data provided by "Long Track" mobile EWR via radio datalink. In this mode it was almost impossible to detect the Krug system until the moment of a missile launch, because the Krug did not emit radiation at all.


title: 2K11 Krug

text: In 3M mode (3m aka three-point) the Krug could home on a jamming target (e.g., AN/ALQ-99). Jamming signals supposed to protect the aircraft made it into a target in this mode.


title: 2K11 Krug

text: SAM-regiment have two SAM-battalions, SAM-brigade have three SAM-battalions. In each headquarter, brigade, regiment and battalion, is one command battery.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: Dracula is a 1979 gothic horror film directed by John Badham. The film starred Frank Langella in the title role as well as Laurence Olivier, Donald Pleasence and Kate Nelligan.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: The film was based on Bram Stoker's 1897 novel "Dracula" and its 1924 stage adaptation, though much of Stoker's original plot was revised to make the film—which was advertised with the tagline "A Love Story"—more romantic. The film received mostly positive reviews and was a moderate box office success. It won the 1979 Saturn Award for Best Horror Film.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: In Whitby, Yorkshire in 1913, Count Dracula arrives from Transylvania via the ship "Demeter" one stormy night. Mina Van Helsing, who is visiting her friend Lucy Seward, discovers Dracula's body after his ship has run aground and rescues him. The Count visits Mina and her friends at the household of Lucy's father, Dr. Jack Seward, whose clifftop mansion also serves as the local asylum. At dinner, he proves to be a charming guest and leaves a strong impression on the hosts, especially Lucy. Less charmed by this handsome Romanian count is Jonathan Harker, Lucy's fiancé.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: Later that night, while Lucy and Jonathan are having a secret rendezvous, Dracula reveals his true nature as he descends upon Mina to drink her blood. The following morning, Lucy finds Mina awake in bed, struggling for breath. Powerless, she watches her friend die, only to find wounds on her throat. Lucy blames herself for Mina's death, as she had left her alone.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: At a loss for the cause of death, Dr. Seward calls in Mina's father, Professor Abraham Van Helsing, who suspects what might have killed his daughter: a vampire. He begins to worry about what fate his seemingly dead daughter may now have. Seward and Van Helsing investigate their suspicions and discover a roughly clawed opening within Mina's coffin, leading them to the local mines. It is there that they encounter the ghastly form of an undead Mina and it is up to a distraught Van Helsing to destroy what remains of his daughter.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: Lucy has in the meantime been summoned to Carfax Abbey, Dracula's new home. She reveals herself to be in love with this foreign prince and openly offers herself to him as his bride. After a surreal "wedding night" sequence, Lucy, like Mina before her, is now infected by Dracula's blood. The two doctors manage to give Lucy a blood transfusion to slow her descent into vampirism, but she remains under Dracula's spell.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: Now aided by Jonathan, the doctors realize that the only way to save Lucy is by destroying Dracula. They manage to locate his coffin within the grounds of Carfax Abbey, but the vampire is waiting for them. Despite it being daylight, Dracula is still a very powerful adversary. Dracula escapes their attempts to kill him, bursts into the asylum to free the captive Lucy and also scolds his slave, Milo Renfield, for warning the others about him. Renfield apologizes and pleads for his life, but Dracula kills him by breaking his neck. Dracula makes preparations to return to Transylvania with Lucy.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: Harker and Van Helsing board the ship carrying Dracula and Lucy as cargo bound for Romania. Below decks, Harker and Van Helsing find Dracula and Lucy sleeping in a coffin. Van Helsing attempts to stake Dracula, but Lucy protests, waking Dracula. In the struggle, Van Helsing is fatally wounded by Dracula as he is impaled with the stake intended for the vampire. Dracula now concentrates his attention on Harker. Van Helsing uses his remaining strength to throw a hook attached to a rope, tied to the ship's rigging, into Dracula's back. Harker seizes his chance and hoists the count up through the cargo hold to the top of the ship's rigging, where he dies a painful death when the rays of the sun burn his body.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: Van Helsing dies from his wounds. Lucy is now apparently herself again, and Harker comforts her. Lucy smiles as she notices Dracula's cape blow away into the horizon, hinting that Dracula may have survived.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: Like Universal's earlier 1931 version starring Bela Lugosi, the screenplay for this adaptation of Bram Stoker's novel "Dracula" is based on the stage adaptation by Hamilton Deane and John L. Balderston, which ran on Broadway and also starred Langella in a Tony Award-nominated performance. Set in the Edwardian period, and strikingly designed by Edward Gorey, the play ran for over 900 performances between October 1977 and January 1980. Langella also appeared in the play for a limited run in the West End. The play is also known for switching the names of the characters of Mina Harker and Lucy Westenra. When Badham was asked why he had also switched their names in his film, he said that he could not quite remember but that maybe he and Richter "felt like Mina was a dopey name and that Lucy was kind of a nice name".


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: The film was shot on location in England, at Shepperton Studios and Black Park, Buckinghamshire. Locations in Cornwall doubled for the majority of the exterior Whitby scenes; Tintagel (for Seward's Asylum), and St Michael's Mount (for Carfax Abbey). The Castle Dracula was a glass matte painted by Albert Whitlock.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: Gilbert Taylor was the cinematographer, and the original music score was contributed by John Williams.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: According to Frank Langella, Count Dracula was "a dominant, aggressive force. He must have Miss Lucy or he dies. He wants what he wants and he doesn't analyze it. Dracula as a character is very erotic. ... A woman can be totally passive with Dracula: 'he made me drink, I couldn't help it.' ... Dracula seems to represent a kind of doorway to sexual abandonment not possible with a mere mortal. Besides, he's offering immortality. Actually, I can't think of a woman who wouldn't like to be taken if it's with love. If you take a woman by force and at the same time gently, you can't fail."


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: Langella wanted to explore sides of the character which weren't shown before: "I decided he was a highly vulnerable and erotic man, not cool and detached and with no sense of humour or humanity. I didn't want him to appear stilted, stentorian or authoritarian as he's often presented. I wanted to show a man who, while evil, was lonely and could fall in love".


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: Langella held this view many years after the release of the movie. In his 2017 interview during SITGES film festival he said that he "saw a gentleman in [Dracula], while the bad guys were the ones who wanted to destroy him, and we see that today in many instances: ignorance leads to the desire to destroy different people, there is the suffering of homosexuals, or women." Langella remembers that the beginning of shooting was very disorganized. The cinematographer was changed and they had continual changes of plans. However, the actor said that the process "turned out well" in the end.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: However, Langella's most vivid memories were his efforts to create a different Dracula. "I did not want to look like Bela Lugosi, or Christopher Lee", remembers Langella. He thus read the novel and found the character to be "gothic, elegant, lonely, without anyone who understood his problem, which consisted of the need for blood to survive." Langella also understood that the attraction that the character produced among women was key to realize his enormous "power of seduction", which Langella did not hesitate to use.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: In 1979, at least three Dracula films were released around the world: this film, West German director Werner Herzog's retelling as "Nosferatu the Vampyre", and the comedy "Love at First Bite". The success of the jokey "Love at First Bite", starring George Hamilton, may have been relevant to the muted response this version experienced. The film opened at number one at the US box office with an opening weekend gross of $3,141,281 nationally from 455 theaters but performed modestly at the box office, grossing $20,158,970 domestically, and was seen as something of a disappointment by the studio.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times", gave the film 3½ stars out of 4, writing: "What an elegantly seen Dracula this is, all shadows and blood and vapors and Frank Langella stalking through with the grace of a cat. The film is a triumph of performance, art direction and mood over materials that can lend themselves so easily to self-satire...This "Dracula" restores the character to the purity of its first film appearances..." Janet Maslin of "The New York Times", stated: "In making this latest trip to the screen in living color, "Dracula" has lost some blood. The movie version ... is by no means lacking in stylishness; if anything, it's got style to spare. But so many of its sequences are at fever pitch, and the mood varies so drastically from episode to episode, that the pace becomes pointless, even taxing, after a while." Film historian Leonard Maltin gave the film 1.5 out of a possible 4 stars, describing it as "Murky...with Langella's acclaimed Broadway interpretation sabotaged by trendy horror gimmicks and ill-conceived changes to Bram Stoker's novel."


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: The movie made it onto "Variety"s All-Time Horror Rentals in 1993, but it fell into relative cinematic obscurity for several years, partly due to it having a very limited video release outside of the US.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: The 1979 theatrical version looks noticeably different from later prints. When the film was reissued for a widescreen laserdisc release in 1991, the director chose to alter the colour timing, desaturating the look of the film.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: John Badham had intended to shoot the film in black and white (to mirror the monochrome 1931 film and the stark feel of the Gorey stage production), but Universal Studios executives objected. Cinematographer Gilbert Taylor was prompted to shoot the movie in warm, "golden" colours, to show off the distinctive production design. The original version has not been widely screened since the 1980s. Other than an occasional broadcast, such as on TCM in a pan and scan format, the movie has effectively been out of print.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: In 2018 a 2.35:1 aspect ratio fan edit restored the theatrical colour timing based on the original laserdisc and VHS releases, as well as set photography and reference materials prompting an official release the following year.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: A July 2019 Shout! Factory announcement revealed that the movie had been licensed to release the original 1979 theatrical colour version of Dracula on blu-ray; it was released in November 2019. This is the first time the original 1979 "Dracula" has been made commercially available since first being released on VHS and laserdisc in 1982. It also includes the previously available desaturated version on another disc.


title: Dracula (1979 film)

text: In November 2020, Black Hill Pictures and KOCH Media released a newly restored "cinema edition" featuring the 1979 colour version of "Dracula" on Blu-ray (Region B/2). This is the second time the original 1979 version has been made commercially available making use of higher quality source materials after the release of Shout! Factory's more aged uprint.


title: Louis Armstrong discography

text: Louis Armstrong (1901–1971), nicknamed Satchmo or Pops, was an American trumpeter, composer, singer and occasional actor who was one of the most influential figures in jazz and in all of American popular music. His career spanned five decades, from the 1920s to the 1960s, and different eras in jazz.


title: Louis Armstrong discography

text: Coming to prominence in the 1920s as an "inventive" trumpet and cornet player, Armstrong was a foundational influence in jazz, shifting the focus of the music from collective improvisation to solo performance. With his instantly recognizable gravelly voice, Armstrong was also an influential singer, demonstrating great dexterity as an improviser, bending the lyrics and melody of a song for expressive purposes. He was also skilled at scat singing.


title: Louis Armstrong discography

text: Renowned his charismatic stage presence and voice almost as much as for his trumpet-playing, Armstrong's influence extends well beyond jazz music, and by the end of his career in the 1960s, he was widely regarded as a profound influence on popular music in general. Armstrong was one of the first truly popular African-American entertainers to "cross over", whose skin color was secondary to his music in an America that was extremely racially divided. He rarely publicly politicized his race, often to the dismay of fellow African-Americans, but took a well-publicized stand for desegregation in the Little Rock Crisis. His artistry and personality allowed him socially acceptable access to the upper echelons of American society which were highly restricted for black men of his era.


title: Louis Armstrong discography

text: These LPs and EPs were released during Armstrong's lifetime and contained original studio and/or live recordings. The year and label information is for the first vinyl release, unless otherwise noted. Additional information such as number of tracks is given only when necessary to distinguish between different releases under the same title. In most cases, the number of CD releases listed is limited, with preference given to the label that originally released the album.


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: Simultaneous multithreading (SMT) is a technique for improving the overall efficiency of superscalar CPUs with hardware multithreading. SMT permits multiple independent threads of execution to better use the resources provided by modern processor architectures.


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: The term "multithreading" is ambiguous, because not only can multiple threads be executed simultaneously on one CPU core, but also multiple tasks (with different page tables, different task state segments, different protection rings, different I/O permissions, etc.). Although running on the same core, they are completely separated from each other.


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: Multithreading is similar in concept to preemptive multitasking but is implemented at the thread level of execution in modern superscalar processors.


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: Simultaneous multithreading (SMT) is one of the two main implementations of multithreading, the other form being temporal multithreading (also known as super-threading). In temporal multithreading, only one thread of instructions can execute in any given pipeline stage at a time. In simultaneous multithreading, instructions from more than one thread can be executed in any given pipeline stage at a time. This is done without great changes to the basic processor architecture: the main additions needed are the ability to fetch instructions from multiple threads in a cycle, and a larger register file to hold data from multiple threads. The number of concurrent threads is decided by the chip designers. Two concurrent threads per CPU core are common, but some processors support up to eight concurrent threads per core.


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: Because it inevitably increases conflict on shared resources, measuring or agreeing on its effectiveness can be difficult. However, measured energy efficiency of SMT with parallel native and managed workloads on historical 130 nm to 32 nm Intel SMT (hyper-threading) implementations found that in 45 nm and 32 nm implementations, SMT is extremely energy efficient, even with in-order Atom processors. In modern systems, SMT effectively exploits concurrency with very little additional dynamic power. That is, even when performance gains are minimal the power consumption savings can be considerable.


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: Some researchers have shown that the extra threads can be used proactively to seed a shared resource like a cache, to improve the performance of another single thread, and claim this shows that SMT does not only increase efficiency. Others use SMT to provide redundant computation, for some level of error detection and recovery.


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: However, in most current cases, SMT is about hiding memory latency, increasing efficiency, and increasing throughput of computations per amount of hardware used.


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: In processor design, there are two ways to increase on-chip parallelism with fewer resource requirements: one is superscalar technique which tries to exploit instruction-level parallelism (ILP); the other is multithreading approach exploiting thread-level parallelism (TLP).


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: Superscalar means executing multiple instructions at the same time while thread-level parallelism (TLP) executes instructions from multiple threads within one processor chip at the same time. There are many ways to support more than one thread within a chip, namely:


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: The key factor to distinguish them is to look at how many instructions the processor can issue in one cycle and how many threads from which the instructions come. For example, Sun Microsystems' UltraSPARC T1 is a multicore processor combined with fine-grain multithreading technique instead of simultaneous multithreading because each core can only issue one instruction at a time.


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: While multithreading CPUs have been around since the 1950s, simultaneous multithreading was first researched by IBM in 1968 as part of the ACS-360 project. The first major commercial microprocessor developed with SMT was the Alpha 21464 (EV8). This microprocessor was developed by DEC in coordination with Dean Tullsen of the University of California, San Diego, and Susan Eggers and Henry Levy of the University of Washington. The microprocessor was never released, since the Alpha line of microprocessors was discontinued shortly before HP acquired Compaq which had in turn acquired DEC. Dean Tullsen's work was also used to develop the hyper-threaded versions of the Intel Pentium 4 microprocessors, such as the "Northwood" and "Prescott".


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: The Intel Pentium 4 was the first modern desktop processor to implement simultaneous multithreading, starting from the 3.06 GHz model released in 2002, and since introduced into a number of their processors. Intel calls the functionality Hyper-Threading Technology, and provides a basic two-thread SMT engine. Intel claims up to a 30% speed improvement compared against an otherwise identical, non-SMT Pentium 4. The performance improvement seen is very application-dependent; however, when running two programs that require full attention of the processor it can actually seem like one or both of the programs slows down slightly when Hyper-threading is turned on. This is due to the replay system of the Pentium 4 tying up valuable execution resources, increasing contention for resources such as bandwidth, caches, TLBs, re-order buffer entries, and equalizing the processor resources between the two programs which adds a varying amount of execution time. The Pentium 4 Prescott core gained a replay queue, which reduces execution time needed for the replay system. This was enough to completely overcome that performance hit.


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: The latest Imagination Technologies MIPS architecture designs include an SMT system known as "MIPS MT". MIPS MT provides for both heavyweight virtual processing elements and lighter-weight hardware microthreads. RMI, a Cupertino-based startup, is the first MIPS vendor to provide a processor SOC based on eight cores, each of which runs four threads. The threads can be run in fine-grain mode where a different thread can be executed each cycle. The threads can also be assigned priorities. Imagination Technologies MIPS CPUs have two SMT threads per core.


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: The IBM POWER5, announced in May 2004, comes as either a dual core dual-chip module (DCM), or quad-core or oct-core multi-chip module (MCM), with each core including a two-thread SMT engine. IBM's implementation is more sophisticated than the previous ones, because it can assign a different priority to the various threads, is more fine-grained, and the SMT engine can be turned on and off dynamically, to better execute those workloads where an SMT processor would not increase performance. This is IBM's second implementation of generally available hardware multithreading. In 2010, IBM released systems based on the POWER7 processor with eight cores with each having four Simultaneous Intelligent Threads. This switches the threading mode between one thread, two threads or four threads depending on the number of process threads being scheduled at the time. This optimizes the use of the core for minimum response time or maximum throughput. IBM POWER8 has 8 intelligent simultaneous threads per core (SMT8).


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: Although many people reported that Sun Microsystems' UltraSPARC T1 (known as "Niagara" until its 14 November 2005 release) and the now defunct processor codenamed "Rock" (originally announced in 2005, but after many delays cancelled in 2010) are implementations of SPARC focused almost entirely on exploiting SMT and CMP techniques, Niagara is not actually using SMT. Sun refers to these combined approaches as "CMT", and the overall concept as "Throughput Computing". The Niagara has eight cores, but each core has only one pipeline, so actually it uses fine-grained multithreading. Unlike SMT, where instructions from multiple threads share the issue window each cycle, the processor uses a round robin policy to issue instructions from the next active thread each cycle. This makes it more similar to a barrel processor. Sun Microsystems' Rock processor is different: it has more complex cores that have more than one pipeline.


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: The Oracle Corporation SPARC T3 has eight fine-grained threads per core; SPARC T4, SPARC T5, SPARC M5, M6 and M7 have eight fine-grained threads per core of which two can be executed simultaneously.


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: Fujitsu SPARC64 VI has coarse-grained Vertical Multithreading (VMT) SPARC VII and newer have 2-way SMT.


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: Intel Itanium Montecito uses coarse-grained multithreading and Tukwila and newer ones use 2-way SMT (with dual-domain multithreading).


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: Intel Xeon Phi has 4-way SMT (with time-multiplexed multithreading) with hardware-based threads which cannot be disabled, unlike regular Hyper-Threading. The Intel Atom, first released in 2008, is the first Intel product to feature 2-way SMT (marketed as Hyper-Threading) without supporting instruction reordering, speculative execution, or register renaming. Intel reintroduced Hyper-Threading with the Nehalem microarchitecture, after its absence on the Core microarchitecture.


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: AMD Bulldozer microarchitecture FlexFPU and Shared L2 cache are multithreaded but integer cores in module are single threaded, so it is only a partial SMT implementation.


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: VISC architecture uses the "Virtual Software Layer" (translation layer) to dispatch a single thread of instructions to the "Global Front End" which splits instructions into "virtual hardware threadlets" which are then dispatched to separate virtual cores. These virtual cores can then send them to the available resources on any of the physical cores. Multiple virtual cores can push threadlets into the reorder buffer of a single physical core, which can split partial instructions and data from multiple threadlets through the execution ports at the same time. Each virtual core keeps track of the position of the relative output. This form of multithreading can increase single threaded performance by allowing a single thread to use all resources of the CPU. The allocation of resources is dynamic on a near-single cycle latency level (1–4 cycles depending on the change in allocation depending on individual application needs. Therefore, if two virtual cores are competing for resources, there are appropriate algorithms in place to determine what resources are to be allocated where.


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: Depending on the design and architecture of the processor, simultaneous multithreading can decrease performance if any of the shared resources are bottlenecks for performance. Critics argue that it is a considerable burden to put on software developers that they have to test whether simultaneous multithreading is good or bad for their application in various situations and insert extra logic to turn it off if it decreases performance. Current operating systems lack convenient API calls for this purpose and for preventing processes with different priority from taking resources from each other.


title: Simultaneous multithreading

text: There is also a security concern with certain simultaneous multithreading implementations. Intel's hyperthreading in NetBurst-based processors has a vulnerability through which it is possible for one application to steal a cryptographic key from another application running in the same processor by monitoring its cache use. There are also sophisticated machine learning exploits to HT implementation that were explained at Black Hat 2018.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: Šefik Džaferović (born 9 September 1957) is a Bosnian politician who served as the 7th Bosniak member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2018 to 2022. From 2002 to 2018, he was a member of the national House of Representatives. A high ranking member of the Party of Democratic Action, he is the party's current vice president and was formerly its general secretary.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: Džaferović graduated from the Faculty of Law at the University of Sarajevo in 1979. Before entering politics, he worked in judicial institutions. In 1996, Džaferović was appointed member of the Federal House of Peoples. In 2000, he became a member of the national House of Peoples. At the 2002 general election, Džaferović was elected to the national House of Representatives, and served as its member until 2018.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: From 2018 until 2022, Džaferović served in the Bosnian Presidency as its Bosniak member, having been elected at the 2018 general election by a narrow margin.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: Džaferović was born in 1957 in the Bosnian town of Zavidovići in the former Yugoslavia, modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. He went to a Gymnasium in Zavidovići. After that, he graduated from the Faculty of Law at the University of Sarajevo in 1979. Džaferović worked in judicial institutions and for the police department in Zavidovići and Zenica until 1996.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: In 1996, Džaferović was elected to the council of Zenica-Doboj Canton. In the same year, he became a delegate in the Federal House of Peoples. Four years later, he entered the national House of Peoples. At the 2002 general election, he became a member of the national House of Representatives. At the 2014 general election, Džaferović was re-elected for a third time to the national House of Representatives with 30,000 votes. While in the House of Representatives, he served as its chairman on multiple occasions.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: Džaferović announced his candidacy in the Bosnian general election on 26 May 2018, running for Bosnia's three-person Presidency member, representing the Bosniaks.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: At the general election, held on 7 October 2018, he was elected to the Presidency, having obtained 36.61% of the vote. The Social Democratic Party candidate Denis Bećirović, was second with 33.53%.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: In the first month of his presidency, Džaferović had problems with Serb member Milorad Dodik, Chairman of the Presidency at the time, with Dodik stating he would not attend the first Presidency session under the new leadership until the flag of Republika Srpska, the entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, was put in his office. Dodik eventually relented, agreeing to hold the session with only the flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: On 20 March 2020, Džaferović became the new Presidency Chairman for the following eight months, succeeding Croat member Željko Komšić. After the eight months passed, on 20 November 2020, he was succeeded by Dodik as chairman.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: On 22 May 2021, Džaferović and Komšić attended a military exercise between the United States Army and the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina on mount Manjača, south of the city Banja Luka in Bosnia and Herzegovina, while Milorad Dodik refused to attend it.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: On 20 March 2022, Džaferović once again succeeded Komšić as Chairman of the Presidency, according to the principle of rotation.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: On 16 November 2022, Džaferović was succeeded by Denis Bećirović as the Bosniak member of the Presidency.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: As the COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina started in March 2020, the Presidency announced Armed Forces' placement of quarantine tents at the country's borders intended for Bosnian citizens returning home. Every Bosnian citizen arriving to the country was obligated to self-quarantine for 14 days starting from the day of arrival. Tents were set up on the northern border with Croatia.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: On 2 March 2021, Serbian president Aleksandar Vučić came to Sarajevo and met with Džaferović and other presidency members, Komšić and Dodik, and donated 10,000 dozes of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines for the COVID-19 pandemic. Three days later, on 5 March, Slovenian president Borut Pahor also came to Sarajevo and met with Džaferović, Komšić and Dodik, and stated that Slovenia will also donate 4,800 AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines for the pandemic.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: On 22 March, in an interview for Federalna televizija, Džaferović stated: This statement was met with heavy backlash by opposition parties in the country, with Our Party commenting on Džaferović's statement: "With disinformation, Džaferović is trying to take away responsibility from himself and his party." Nermin Nikšić, president of the Social Democratic Party, replied to Džaferović: "I must say that so far, Šefik Džaferović has not been highly ranked on the list of those who lead in the statements that make us all crazy in Bosnia and Herzegovina. He has so far acted as a rarely rational politician from the ruling coalition. With his statement that our country does not lack behind the region in vaccination, Džaferović showed that he does not differ from his party "boss" Izetbegović [Bakir Izetbegović] or Prime Minister Novalić [Fadil Novalić], who have so far subscribed to statements of this type when it comes to the SDA." Nikšić ended with saying that "according to official statistics, we are at the bottom of the list in terms of the COVID-19 vaccination rate, behind Rwanda, Cambodia and Zimbabwe." Džaferović's statement also encountered a series of witty and original reactions on social media platforms, making fun of him for his illogical words.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: On 16 July 2021, Džaferović received his first dose of the Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine, amid its pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina. He received his second dose of the BIBP vaccine nearly a month later after his first dose, on 13 August.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: In August 2021, Džaferović and Komšić, without including Dodik, instructed the Ministry of Security to be available for putting out wildfires in Herzegovina which had formed a few days before. This came after Dodik, as the third member of the Presidency, refused to give consent on the Bosnian Armed Forces to use its military helicopters to help in putting out the fires, because the consent of all three members of the Presidency is required for the military force's helicopters to be used.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: In December 2020, right before a state visit of Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov, Džaferović refused to attend the visit because of Lavrov's disrespect to Bosnia and Herzegovina and decision to firstly visit only Bosnian Serb leader Milorad Dodik and later on the Presidency consisting of Željko Komšić, Dodik and Džaferović. Shortly before Džaferović, Komšić also refused to attend Lavrov's visit because of the same reasons as Džaferović.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: Following Russia recognizing the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic as independent states on 21 February 2022, which are disputed territories in the Ukrainian region of Donbas, Džaferović condemned Russia’s moves to recognize the independence of Donetsk and Luhansk:


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: On 24 February 2022, Russian president Vladimir Putin ordered a large-scale invasion of Ukraine, marking a dramatic escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War that began in 2014. Regarding the invasion, Džaferović said that "Bosnia and Herzegovina stands with the people who suffered brutal attacks by Russian military forces in cities all over Ukraine. Our prayers and best wishes are with them."


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: In September 2020, Džaferović and his fellow Presidency members said that an EU candidate status for Bosnia and Herzegovina is possible in the year 2021 if the country "implements successful reforms".


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: On 30 September 2021, Džaferović, Komšić and Dodik met with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen at the Presidency Building in Sarajevo. This was part of von der Leyen's visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina, since she some hours before opened the Svilaj border checkpoint and a bridge over the nearby Sava river, which bears the internationally important freeway Pan-European Corridor Vc.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: On 1 December 2021, Džaferović and Komšić met with German Minister of State for Europe Michael Roth, with the main topics of discussion being the political situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, reform processes and activities on the country's EU path. On 20 May 2022, he met with European Council President Charles Michel, during his visit to Sarajevo, with whom he discussed about Bosnia and Herzegovina's accession to the EU.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: On 16 March 2021, Džaferović, Komšić and Dodik went on a state visit to Turkey to meet with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. While there, Erdoğan promised to donate Bosnia and Herzegovina 30,000 COVID-19 vaccines for the COVID-19 pandemic. Also on the meeting, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Turkey agreed on mutual recognition and exchange of driving licenses, as well as signing an agreement on cooperation in infrastructure and construction projects, which also refers to the construction of a highway from Bosnia's capital Sarajevo to Serbia's capital Belgrade; the agreement being signed by Minister of Communication and Traffic Vojin Mitrović.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: On 21 July 2021, Džaferović spoke in a telephone call with Erdoğan, exchanging Eid al-Adha greetings and also discussing about economic cooperation.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: On 27 August 2021, Erdoğan came to Sarajevo on a state visit in Bosnia and Herzegovina and met with all three Presidency members, having talks about more economic and infrastructural cooperation, as well as looking into the construction of the highway from Sarajevo to Belgrade. Also, a trilateral meeting between Turkey, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina was agreed on and should happen in the near future.


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: In April 2021, Džaferović sent a letter of concern to European Council President Charles Michel upon a supposed non-paper sent by Slovenian Prime Minister Janez Janša, regarding possible border changes in the Western Balkans. After hearing news about the supposed non-paper, Janša spoke in a telephone call with Džaferović, stating that "there is no non-paper regarding border changes in the Western Balkans" and adding that he supports "the territorial integrity of Bosnia and Herzegovina".


title: Šefik Džaferović

text: Džaferović has been married to his wife Vildana since 1980. They have two children, Jasmin and Jasmina. They live in Sarajevo.


title: Girder

text: A girder () is a support beam used in construction. It is the main horizontal support of a structure which supports smaller beams. Girders often have an I-beam cross section composed of two load-bearing "flanges" separated by a stabilizing "web", but may also have a box shape, Z shape, or other forms. Girders are commonly used to build bridges.


title: Girder

text: Small steel girders are rolled into shape. Larger girders (1 m/3 feet deep or more) are made as plate girders, welded or bolted together from separate pieces of steel plate.


title: Girder

text: The Warren type girder replaces the solid web with an open latticework truss between the flanges. This arrangement combines strength with economy of materials, minimizing weight and thereby reducing loads and expense. Patented in 1848 by its designers James Warren and Willoughby Theobald Monzani, its structure consists of longitudinal members joined only by angled cross-members, forming alternately inverted equilateral triangle-shaped spaces along its length, ensuring that no individual strut, beam, or tie is subject to bending or torsional straining forces, but only to tension or compression. It is an improvement over the Neville truss, which uses a spacing configuration of isosceles triangles.


title: Li Min (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: Li Min (; born 1936), original name Mao Jiaojiao (), is a Chinese politician who is the daughter of Mao Zedong and his third wife, He Zizhen. Her surname is Li rather than Mao, because Mao had changed his name to "Li Desheng" () for a period of time to prevent himself from being chased by the Kuomintang army during the Chinese Civil War.


title: Li Min (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: The Names of Li Min and her sister Li Na come from Book 4 of the "Analects" of Confucius: ""ne" yu yan er "min" yu xing" (讷于言而敏于行, meaning "slow" in speech and "earnest" in conduct).


title: Li Min (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: Li Min was born on the winter of 1936 in Zhidan, Yan'an. She was initially named Mao Jiaojiao, after Deng Yingchao, wife of Zhou Enlai, who came to congratulate Mao, saw Li and said affectionately: "What a little Jiao Jiao!". In 1937, He Zizhen traveled to the Soviet Union to treat a wound sustained earlier in battle


title: Li Min (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: In January 1941 after the New Fourth Army incident, Li Min at the age of 4, was sent to the Soviet Union to live with He Zizhen. In 1947, He Zizhen finally returned to China with Li Min and lived in Harbin. Later, Mao Zedong requested someone to bring Li Min back to Beijing. In the early summer of 1949, Li Min returned to Mao Zedong.


title: Li Min (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: After the founding of People's Republic of China, Li Min entered Beijing Bayi School, and after graduation, entered the Girls' Middle School affiliated to Beijing Normal University. After graduating from high school, Li Min was admitted to the Chemistry Department of Beijing Normal University in 1958.


title: Li Min (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: In 1964, Li Min and her husband Kong Linghua moved into an ordinary residence at Bingmasi Hutong in Beijing to begin a real civilian life.


title: Li Min (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: In 1966, when the Cultural Revolution began, Li Min and her husband was also criticized by the Red Guards. They were ordered to confess and included in the list of May Sixteenth elements. Later when criticizing the "bourgeois reactionary line", they were criticized at the same time. In early 1968, Li Min and her comrades went to the Wangsiying Commune in the suburbs of Beijing to participate in agricultural labor, and returned to the National Defense Science and Technology Commission.


title: Li Min (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: On the evening of 25 October 1969, Li Min was taken to the "May 7th" labor farm in Lianhua Lake, Suiping County in Henan Province along with officials of the National Defense Science and Technology Commission. In early 1971, Li Min went to the cadre school of the Science and Technology Commission. On 13 September, after Marshal Lin Biao's death in a plane crash, Li Min returned to Beijing from the cadre school.


title: Li Min (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: In December 1973, the Party Committee of the National Defense Science and Technology Commission officially made a redress decision for Li Min.


title: Li Min (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: Li Min was a member of the 10th National Congress of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.


title: Li Min (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: On 2006, on the eve of the 40th anniversary on the start of Cultural Revolution, Li Min and other Mao Zedong's family members went to North Korea to pay homage to her brother Mao Anying, who died during the Korean War.


title: Li Min (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: On 15 April 2015, on behalf of President of Russia Vladimir Putin, Russian Ambassador to China Andrey Denisov presented Li Min with the Jubilee Medal "70 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945".


title: Li Min (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: On 2018, rumors regarding Li Min's death in a presumed car accident in North Korea on 22 April, went viral in Chinese social networking site Sina Weibo. But on 24 May, Li Min attended the press conference of the new book "My Uncle Zhou Enlai", held by Zhou Bingde, Zhou Enlai's niece, at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, dispelling rumors of her supposed death.


title: Li Min (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: In 1959, while studying at Beijing Normal University, Li Min met Kong Linghua (). A top student of Beijing Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and a classmate of Li Min, they were married in the same year.


title: Li Min (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: They had one son, Kong Jining () and one daughter, Kong Dongmei (). Kong Dongmei herself has 3 children and is said to be worth an estimated €620 million.


title: Li Min (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: In 1999, while returning from an event commemorating Mao Zedong in Guangzhou, Kong Linghua was involved in a car accident. He later died of heart attack in a hospital, during an operation.


title: Unit prefix

text: A unit prefix is a specifier or mnemonic that is prepended to units of measurement to indicate multiples or fractions of the units. Units of various sizes are commonly formed by the use of such prefixes. The prefixes of the metric system, such as "kilo" and "milli", represent multiplication by powers of ten. In information technology it is common to use binary prefixes, which are based on powers of two. Historically, many prefixes have been used or proposed by various sources, but only a narrow set has been recognised by standards organisations.


title: Unit prefix

text: The prefixes of the metric system precede a basic unit of measure to indicate a decadic multiple and fraction of a unit. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to the unit symbol. Some of the prefixes date back to the introduction of the metric system in the 1790s, but new prefixes have been added, and some have been revised. The International Bureau of Weights and Measures has standardised twenty metric prefixes in resolutions dating from 1960 to 1991 for use with the International System of Units (SI). In addition to those listed in the "everyday use" table, the SI includes standardised prefixes for 10 (peta), 10 (exa), 10 (zetta), 10 (yotta), 10 (ronna), and 10 (quetta); and for 10 (femto), 10 (atto), 10 (zepto), 10 (yocto), 10 (ronto), and 10 (quecto).


title: Unit prefix

text: Although formerly in use, the SI disallows combining prefixes; the *"microkilogram" or *"centimillimetre", for example, are not permitted. Prefixes corresponding to powers of one thousand are usually preferred, however, units such as the hectopascal, hectare, decibel, centimetre, and centilitre, are commonly used. The unit prefixes are always considered to be part of the unit, so that, e.g., in exponentiation, 1 km means one square kilometre, not one thousand square metres, and 1 cm means one cubic centimetre, not one hundredth of a cubic metre.


title: Unit prefix

text: In general, prefixes are used with any metric unit, but may also be used with non-metric units. Some combinations, however, are more common than others. The choice of prefixes for a given unit has often arisen by convenience of use and historical developments. Unit prefixes that are much larger or smaller than encountered in practice are seldom used, albeit valid combinations. In most contexts only a few, the most common, combinations are established. For example, prefixes for multiples greater than one thousand are rarely applied to the gram or metre.


title: Unit prefix

text: Some prefixes used in older versions of the metric system are no longer used. The prefixes "myria-", (from the Greek μύριοι, "mýrioi"), "double-" and "demi-", denoting factors of , 2 and respectively, were parts of the original metric system adopted in France in 1795, but they were not retained when the SI prefixes were agreed internationally by the 11th CGPM conference in 1960. The prefix ""myrio-"" was an alternative spelling variant for ""myria-"", as proposed by Thomas Young.


title: Unit prefix

text: A binary prefix indicates multiplication by a power of two. The tenth power of 2 (2) has the value , which is close to . This has prompted the use of the metric prefixes "kilo", "mega", and "giga" to also denote the powers of 1024 which is common in information technology with the unit of digital information, the byte.


title: Unit prefix

text: Units of information are not covered in the International System of Units. Computer professionals have historically used the same spelling, pronunciation and symbols for the binary series in the description of computer memory, although the symbol for "kilo" is often capitalised. For example, in citations of main memory or RAM capacity, "kilobyte", "megabyte" and "gigabyte" customarily mean (2), (2) and (2) bytes respectively.


title: Unit prefix

text: In the specifications of hard disk drive capacities and network transmission bit rates, on the other hand, decimal prefixes, consistent with the metric system, are used. For example, a 500-gigabyte hard drive holds 500 billion bytes, and a 100-megabit-per-second Ethernet connection transfers data at 100 million bits per second. The ambiguity has led to some confusion and even of lawsuits from purchasers who were expecting 2 or 2 and considered themselves shortchanged by the seller. (see "Orin Safier v. Western Digital Corporation" and "Cho v. Seagate Technology (US) Holdings, Inc."). To protect themselves, some sellers write out the full term as "".


title: Unit prefix

text: With the aim of avoiding ambiguity the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) adopted new binary prefixes in 1998 (IEC 80000-13:2008 formerly subclauses 3.8 and 3.9 of IEC 60027-2:2005). Each binary prefix is formed from the first syllable of the decimal prefix with the similar value, and the syllable "bi". The symbols are the decimal symbol, always capitalised, followed by the letter "i". According to these standards, "kilo", "mega", "giga", et seq. should only be used in the decimal sense, even when referring to data storage capacities: kilobyte and megabyte denote one thousand and one million bytes respectively (consistent with the metric system), while terms such as kibibyte, mebibyte and gibibyte, with symbols KiB, MiB and GiB, denote 2, 2 and 2 bytes respectively.


title: Unit prefix

text: A metric prefix myria-, abbreviation my-, for 10,000, was deprecated in 1960. Before the adoption of ronna- and quetta- for 10 and 10, and ronto- and quecto- for 10 and 10, many personal, and sometimes facetious, proposals for additional metric prefixes were formulated. The prefix "bronto", as used in the term "brontobyte", has been used to represent anything from 10 to 10 bytes, most often 10.


title: Unit prefix

text: In 2010, an online petition sought to establish hella as the SI prefix for 10, a movement that began on the campus of UC Davis. The prefix, which has since appeared in the San Francisco Chronicle, Daily Telegraph, "Wired" and some other scientific magazines, was recognised by Google, in a non-serious fashion, in May 2010. Ian Mills, president of the Consultative Committee on Units, considers the chances of official adoption to be remote. The prefix "geop" and term "geopbyte" has been used in the tech industry to refer to 10 bytes following "brontobyte".


title: Unit prefix

text: The ascending prefixes "peta" () and "exa" () are based on the Greek-derived numeric prefixes "penta" (5) and "hexa" (6). The largest prefixes "zetta" (), and "yotta" () and, similarly, the descending prefixes "zepto" () and "yocto" () are derived from Latin "septem" (7) and (8) plus the initial letters "z" and "y". The initial letters "z" and "y", appear in the largest SI prefixes. They were changed because previously proposed ascending "hepto" (Greek "hepta" (7)) was already in use as a numerical prefix (implying seven) and the letter "h" as both SI-accepted non-SI unit (hour) and prefix ("hecto" 10), the same applied to "s" from previously proposed descending "septo" (i.e. SI unit "s" seconds), while "o" for "octo" was problematic since a symbol "o" could be confused with zero.


title: Unit prefix

text: Several personal proposals have been made for extending the series of prefixes, with ascending terms such as "xenna", "weka", "vendeka" (from Greek "ennea" (9), "deka" (10), "endeka" (11)) and descending terms such as "xono", "weco", "vundo" (from Latin "novem"/"nona" (9), "decem" (10), "undecim" (11). Using Greek for ascending and Latin for descending would be consistent with established prefixes such as "deca", "hecto", "kilo" vs. "deci", "centi", "milli"). Although some of these are repeated on the internet, none are in actual use.


title: James O. McKinsey

text: James Oscar McKinsey (June 4, 1889 – November 30, 1937) was an American accountant, management consultant, professor of accounting at the University of Chicago, and founder of McKinsey & Company.


title: James O. McKinsey

text: McKinsey was born in 1889 in Gamma, Missouri, son of James Madison McKinsey and Mary Elizabeth (Logan) McKinsey. After attending regular public school, McKinsey initially received training as a teacher at the Warrensburg Teachers College, now University of Central Missouri, where in 1912 he obtained his Bachelor of Pedagogy.


title: James O. McKinsey

text: McKinsey continued to study law at the University of Arkansas, where he obtained his law degree one year later, in 1913. In 1914 he studied bookkeeping at the St. Louis University, and started his working career by teaching bookkeeping at St. Louis University.


title: James O. McKinsey

text: Next McKinsey entered the University of Chicago, where in 1917 he obtained his BPhil degree. After serving in the U.S. Army in World War I, he returned to the University of Chicago. There in 1919 he obtained his MA in commerce and passed the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) examination, to act as certified public accountant in the State of Illinois.


title: James O. McKinsey

text: In 1917 McKinsey had joined the accounting faculty of the University of Chicago, and would continue to lecture there on and off until 1935. In 1926 he was promoted to full professor. In the college year 1920-21 he had lectured accounting at Columbia University, and in 1921 had joined a private accounting practice. In 1922 he published his first major work, entitled "Budgetary Control."


title: James O. McKinsey

text: In 1926 McKinsey founded his own consultancy firm, McKinsey & Company, in Chicago, where he served as senior partner until 1935. In 1935 he accepted the appointment as chairman of the board at Marshall Field & Company, a department store in Chicago, and made Andrew Thomas Kearney managing partner of the Chicago office. In 1936 he was also elected chairman of the American Management Association.


title: James O. McKinsey

text: Flesher & Flesher explained that McKinsey "soon turned Marshall Field's red ink into profit, but he may have done so at the cost of his health. He died of pneumonia on November 30, 1937."


title: OVO Energy

text: It was founded by Stephen Fitzpatrick and began trading energy in September 2009, buying and selling electricity and gas to supply domestic properties throughout the UK. By June 2017 OVO had 680,000 customers, an increase of 10,000 over the previous year, representing a 2.5% domestic market share. In November 2018, OVO Energy acquired one of its largest competitors, Spark Energy. Although at first one of over 15 smaller energy companies competing with the Big Six which dominated the market, in January 2020 OVO completed the acquisition of the retail arm of SSE, becoming itself one of the Big Six and the country's third-largest domestic energy supply company.


title: OVO Energy

text: OVO Energy is British-owned and privately backed, with its headquarters in Bristol. OVO Energy supplies gas and electricity to domestic customers since 2009, and to business customers since 2013. This sector of the UK economy is dominated by a number of larger companies known as the Big Six.


title: OVO Energy

text: On 14 February 2019, Mitsubishi Corporation bought a 20 percent stake in OVO, valuing the company at £1bn.


title: OVO Energy

text: OVO Energy is part of OVO Group, which in turn is a subsidiary of Imagination Industries Ltd, a holding company wholly owned by Stephen Fitzpatrick.


title: OVO Energy

text: In 2022, OVO Energy was ranked second worst (only behind Utilita) in customer service by Citizens Advice.


title: OVO Energy

text: The 2018 acquisition of Spark Energy included a subsidiary, Home Telecom Limited, which specialises in providing telephone and broadband services to tenants of private landlords.


title: OVO Energy

text: In September 2019, OVO agreed to pay £500 million for SSE Energy Services, the retail business of SSE plc, and the purchase – which included SSE's 8,000 employees and their phone, broadband and heating insurance customers – was completed in January 2020. This made OVO the UK's second-largest energy supply company (after British Gas) with around 5 million customers. OVO stated that the SSE brand would continue for the time being. SSE had earlier intended to merge the business with Innogy's subsidiary Npower, but this was called off in December 2018. Following OVO Energy's takeover of SSE, numerous reports of incorrect and inflated bills were reported by former SSE consumers who had their accounts transferred to OVO Energy.


title: OVO Energy

text: OVO Energy has been fined across two consecutive years, from 2020 to 2021, for their predatory practices.


title: OVO Energy

text: In January 2020, OVO Energy agreed to pay £8.9m into Ofgem's voluntary redress fund, after an investigation by Ofgem found instances of undercharging and overcharging, and inaccurate annual statements sent to more than half a million customers between 2015 and 2018. Head of Ofgem enforcement, Anthony Pygram, said "The supplier did not prioritise putting these issues right whilst its business was expanding."


title: OVO Energy

text: In March 2021, as part of a wider investigation into price protection failings by energy suppliers, OVO's practices were found to have caused detriment to 240,563 customers totalling over £2m, and the company was required to pay redress of over £2.8m – the highest amount of compensation among the 18 companies investigated.


title: OVO Energy

text: Despite such regulator action, OVO energy's practice of overcharging consumers remains a common recurring theme within news reports.


title: OVO Energy

text: Electricity supplied by OVO Energy comes from various sources including wind farms in Gloucestershire and North Wales, and the burning of landfill gas. Its two tariffs include 50% green electricity (OVO Better Energy) and 100% green electricity (OVO Greener Energy).


title: OVO Energy

text: OVO's "pay as you go" product has been branded as Boost since 2017. After taking on customers from Economy Energy in 2019, the brand had around 350,000 customers.


title: OVO Energy

text: OVO Energy sources its gas from the national grid. The majority of the UK's gas is sourced from the North Sea; the rest comes from Norway, Continental Europe and some from further afield. Increasingly, gas is imported as liquefied natural gas (LNG), natural gas cooled to about and compressed to make it easier to transport.


title: OVO Energy

text: The entry of OVO into the UK supply market in 2009 was welcomed as it increased competition in a market that had been criticised for high prices.


title: OVO Energy

text: In October 2013, Managing Director Stephen Fitzpatrick appeared at the Energy and Climate Change Select Committee, when energy companies were asked to justify recent gas and electricity price rises. Fitzpatrick explained to the committee that the 'wholesale gas price had actually got cheaper', contrary to the Big Six energy suppliers' assertions that international global prices of gas and electricity had consistently risen.


title: OVO Energy

text: In November 2018, OVO acquired one of its rivals, Spark Energy, after the troubled supplier ceased trading.


title: OVO Energy

text: Following the collapse of Economy Energy in January 2019, regulator Ofgem announced that OVO Energy would take on Economy Energy's 235,000 customers.


title: OVO Energy

text: In 2016, OVO sponsored the Bristol leg of the Tour of Britain cycling race. In 2017, the company began sponsoring both The Women's Tour and the Tour of Britain, the longest cycle stage races taking place in the UK. In March 2018, OVO announced they would begin providing equal prize money for both tours.


title: OVO Energy

text: In October 2021, OVO Energy took over sponsorship of Glasgow's entertainment and multi-purpose indoor arena, which was rebranded as the OVO Hydro.


title: OVO Energy

text: Stacey Cartwright was appointed as chair of the board at OVO Energy in April 2020. She holds other directorships including at Savills, Genpact and the Football Association, and was deputy chair at retailer Harvey Nichols. Non-executive directors include Jonson Cox, chair of water regulator Ofwat.


title: Playing the Angel

text: Playing the Angel is the eleventh studio album by English electronic music band Depeche Mode. It was first released on 17 October 2005 by Mute Records in the UK, and a day later by Sire Records and Reprise Records in the United States. It was supported by the Touring the Angel tour and the four singles "Precious", "A Pain That I'm Used To", "Suffer Well", and "John the Revelator" / "Lilian". The album reached number one in over 10 countries and entered the top 10 in the United Kingdom and United States.


title: Playing the Angel

text: "Playing the Angel" is the first Depeche Mode album to feature lead singer Dave Gahan as co-writer. He wrote the lyrics to "Suffer Well", "I Want It All" and "Nothing's Impossible", while Christian Eigner and Andrew Phillpott wrote the music. Gahan is the lead singer on all songs except for the instrumental "Introspectre", and Martin Gore-sung tracks "Macro" and "Damaged People". Gahan also sings backing vocals on "Macro". Tracks recorded during the "Playing the Angel" sessions that did not make the album include "Martyr", which was originally planned to be the lead single but was eventually deemed too poppy for the album and saved for "The Best of Depeche Mode Volume 1". Other songs include "Free", which ended up on the "Precious" single and the Japanese version of "Playing the Angel".


title: Playing the Angel

text: Lyrically, some of the themes that appear quite often are faith, sin, pain, and suffering. Gore said that the track "John The Revelator" talks about faith but claims that "It also denounces the belief in a god who punishes and damns". Gahan explained that the origin of the track "Suffer Well" has to do with when a friend of his told him to "suffer well" (likely during his time as a substance abuser in the 1990s) and the line stuck with Gahan. Another subject that Gore wrote about was his divorce from his wife. The track "Precious" was written about how Gore's children were coping with their parents' divorce. Gore stated that "[t]he song ends with the verse 'I know you've learned to trust / keep faith in both of us'. All of our songs, even the most depressive ones, contain hope". The title "Playing the Angel" is taken from a lyric in the closing song "The Darkest Star". It is the third Depeche Mode album to take its name from a lyric in one of its songs, the other two being "Construction Time Again" and "Some Great Reward". The track "Macro" was found to have the band's most sophisticated lyrics.


title: Playing the Angel

text: Musically, the album has a much more raw and gritty sound than its predecessor. Gillian Telling of "Rolling Stone" described the album's sound as featuring "the band's classic blend of synth-pop beats, heavy guitar riffs and dark lyrics". The album has been called a more organic record for using more analogue synths than digital ones. In addition, most of the soundscapes presented are harsher and groovier than the more mellow "Exciter". Producer Ben Hillier said that the verses on opening track "A Pain That I'm Used To" were extremely difficult to get right and Gore believed that the intro was also extremely difficult. According to Hillier, the choruses came together very well. Gore also told Keyboard Magazine that he had been listening to a lot of gospel music and that it directly inspired the track "John The Revelator" though the track strays far from its inspiration. Hillier also recalled that the tracks "Suffer Well" and "The Sinner in Me" were massively changed from their original demos. "Nothing's Impossible" was also massively changed from its demo and was transformed into one of the heaviest and more distorted songs on the album. The demo version of "Nothing's Impossible" appears on the deluxe edition of "Sounds of The Universe".


title: Playing the Angel

text: In mid-July 2005, the unfinished video for "Precious" was leaked online. It is believed to have been leaked through the website of the production team that helped make the video.


title: Playing the Angel

text: The album was released as a Copy Controlled CD and a deluxe SACD/DVD version (CD/DVD version in the United States) which includes the album on hybrid multi-channel SACD as the main disc and a bonus DVD featuring an exclusive studio performance of "Clean" (from "Violator"), the video for "Precious", a photo gallery and a 5.1 mix of the album. There is also a documentary on the making of the album. All ten of the earlier Depeche Mode albums were re-released in similar format to "Playing the Angel", a CD/SACD hybrid (in the US simply a remastered CD) with a DVD featuring a 5.1 mix of each album and a documentary, though "Playing the Angel"'s documentary is far less extensive and also shorter than the classic ones. The album was also released on vinyl as double LP housed in gatefold sleeve.


title: Playing the Angel

text: The iTunes deluxe edition of the album has several bonuses, including another "bare" version of a "Violator" track, "Waiting for the Night", and the music video for "Precious". People who placed the album on pre-order were eligible to participate in a ticket pre-sale for most Touring the Angel concerts, the first time such an offer was made by iTunes and Ticketmaster.


title: Playing the Angel

text: "Playing the Angel" received generally positive reviews. E! Online and "Entertainment Weekly" gave the album high scores. "Pitchfork" gave the album a positive review, but criticized its lack of innovation. However, there are some negative reviews; "Rolling Stone" magazine rated the album two-and-a-half stars out of five, lower than the score received by "Exciter". "Playing the Angel" performed relatively well on several year-end lists such as "Q" magazine and "Playlouder". The album was ranked number 20 on E! Online's "Top 20 Albums of 2005" list and number 68 on WOXY's "Top 97 Albums of 2005". In a positive review, "Pitchfork" described the album as "one of those signature artifacts of the Adult Band: an album we hardly even need to review. Depeche Mode's core fans will flip for it; it's the best thing they've released in a long while". The Red Book version of the album is considered by numerous fans to be poorly mastered, relying on heavy compression to intentionally and artificially boost the output, especially when compared with the vinyl version that was mastered differently.


title: Playing the Angel

text: "Playing the Angel" debuted at number six on the UK Albums Chart, selling 32,505 copies in its first week. In the United States, the album debuted at number seven on the "Billboard" 200 with first-week sales of 98,000 copies. Both peak chart positions are improvements on the band's previous album, "Exciter", which charted at number nine and eight, respectively, although "Exciter" attained larger US first-week sales of 115,000 units. "Playing the Angel" had sold 418,000 copies in the US as of November 2007. By January 2007, the album had sold 1.6 million copies worldwide (excluding the US and Canada), according to EMI.


title: Lewis and Harris

text: Lewis and Harris (, ), or Lewis with Harris, is a single Scottish island in the Outer Hebrides, divided by mountains. It is the largest island in Scotland and the third largest in the British Isles, after Great Britain and the island of Ireland, with an area of , which is approximately 1% of the area of Great Britain. The northern two-thirds is called Lewis and the southern third Harris; each is frequently referred to as if it were a separate island.


title: Lewis and Harris

text: The island does not have a one-word name in either English or Scottish Gaelic, and is referred to as "Lewis and Harris", "Lewis with Harris", "Harris with Lewis" etc. Rarely used is the collective name of "the Long Island" (), although that epithet is sometimes applied to the entire archipelago of the Outer Hebrides, including the Uist group of islands and Barra.


title: Lewis and Harris

text: The boundary between Lewis and Harris runs for about , where the island narrows between Loch Resort (', opposite Scarp) on the west and Loch Seaforth (') on the east This is north of the more obvious isthmus at Tarbert, which separates North Harris from South Harris. Until 1975, Lewis belonged to the county of Ross and Cromarty and Harris to Inverness-shire. In practical terms, the dividing line is more clear-cut, according to National Geographic. "In a sense, the boundary line runs from Loch Resort in the west to Loch Seaforth in the east. The road between the two dips down past the shoulder of Clisham ... until the A859 hits the coast".


title: Lewis and Harris

text: The entire island group is now administered by , the Western Isles Council. The boundary was originally between the lands of Clan MacLeod of Harris and Clan MacLeod of Lewis, the latter selling to Colin Mackenzie, 1st Earl of Seaforth. A dispute over between Alexander Hume Macleod and Francis, Lord Seaforth (respective proprietors of Harris and Lewis) led to Court of Session inquiries in 1805 and 1850 and ended with Lord Chief Justice Campbell traversing the boundary on foot. As thus determined, it runs southeast from Loch Resort up Clàr Beag to Loch Chleistir, then east along Bealach na h-Uamha to the River Langdale, then northeast through the peaks of Tom Ruisg, Mullach a' Ruisg, and Mullach Bhìogadail, east to Amhuinn a Mhuil, and downstream to where it enters Loch Seaforth at Ath Linne under the A859, the only road connecting Lewis and Harris. Seaforth Island was considered part of both Harris and Lewis; for statistical purposes half its area was assigned to each.


title: Lewis and Harris

text: Most of Harris is very hilly, with more than thirty peaks above ; the highest peak, Clisham, is a Corbett. It is from the nearest point of the mainland, from which it is separated by the Minch.


title: Lewis and Harris

text: Lewis is comparatively flat, save in the south-east, where Ben More reaches , and in the south-west, where is the highest point. Lewis contains the deepest lake on any offshore island in the British Isles, Loch Suaineabhat, which has a maximum depth of and an overall mean depth of .


title: Lewis and Harris

text: Other nearby inhabited islands in the Lewis and Harris group are (Great Bernera) and (Scalpay). (Taransay) and (Scarp), now uninhabited, are islands close to the shore of Harris. The Western Isles (or Outer Hebrides) also include the islands of North Uist, Benbecula and South Uist (they are three distinct islands but connected by a causeway) and Barra, just to the south of South Uist.


title: Lewis and Harris

text: Lewis and Harris is the most populous of the Scottish islands: It had just over 21,000 residents in 2011, a rise of 5.6% from the 2001 census total of 19,918. Stornoway is the main town of the island, and the civil parish of Stornoway, including the town and various nearby villages, has a population of about 12,000.


title: Lewis and Harris

text: Stornoway (') has ferry links to Ullapool and air services to Benbecula, Inverness, Aberdeen, Glasgow and Edinburgh. ' (Tarbert) is the ferry terminal in Harris with connections to Skye and North Uist. However the main ferry to North Uist uses the terminal at Leverburgh (An t-Òb).


title: Lewis and Harris

text: The lands around Stornoway were probably settled since 6000 BC and there are many monuments which show prehistoric man's presence. A Neolithic burial cairn and some evidence of Bronze Age occupation were found here. The Callanish Stones in the Loch Ròg area were erected roughly 5,000 years ago, thus dating from the late Neolithic or the early Bronze Age.


title: Lewis and Harris

text: In the 9th century, Norseman dominated the Isle; they eventually converted to Christianity. In the early 13th Century, the Nicholson family, or MacNicols, built Castle Lewis at Stornoway harbour. In 1607, Stornoway became a burgh of barony. In 1844, Sir James Matheson purchased the Island and built Lews Castle between 1847 and 1857. By 1863, the town had become a police burgh; the last remains of the Old Castle were removed.


title: Lewis and Harris

text: The island is the ancestral homeland of the Highland Clan MacLeod, with those individuals on Harris being referred to as from the Clan MacLeod of Harris or MacLeod of MacLeod, and those on Lewis being referred to as from the Clan MacLeod of Lewis.


title: Lewis and Harris

text: The Lewis chessmen is a famous collection of 12th-century chess pieces, carved from walrus ivory and mostly in the form of human figures, which were discovered in Uig in 1831.