title: Equus (film)

text: Marlon Brando and Jack Nicholson were considered for the part of Dysart in the film version. However, Burton's stage performance won over audiences, despite concerns about his alcoholism.


title: Equus (film)

text: In stage productions, the horses are portrayed by human actors, often heavily built, athletic men wearing tribal-style masks. Lumet did not believe this could adequately be done in a film version, concluding a degree of realism was required, "because the reality he [Alan] was being watched in was going to create the dilemma within him". For horse-related stunts, the filmmakers consulted Yakima Canutt, who had previously worked on almost all of John Wayne's early western films. The horse riding and blinding scenes were shot initially in natural light before moving to unrealistic lighting, to capture conflicting Apollonian and Dionysian world views. With cinematographer Oswald Morris and production designer Tony Walton, Lumet developed a complex colour scheme avoiding easily identifiable colours, preferring to combine colours to emphasise duality.


title: Equus (film)

text: The scene where Firth rides the horse nude was filmed in one take, in an uninterrupted shot lasting four and a half minutes. Whereas the blinding scene was done in pantomime on stage, Lumet opted to graphically display it to convey the horror. Much of the footage shot depicted the horses' heads morphing into faces of Jesus, Dora Strang and Frank Strang, and a glimpse of a Balinese dagger. However, Lumet decided this was unsubtle and cut much of this, only keeping the dagger to portray ancient impulses.


title: Equus (film)

text: Despite being a British and American production set in Hampshire, England, filming took place entirely in and around Ontario, Canada. The scenes in the stable and Alan's room were filmed in the Toronto International Film Studio in Kleinburg, while downtown Hampshire was doubled with Georgetown and Halton Hills. The Strang family house was a real house located in the Toronto suburb of Riverdale. The film was produced during the height of the "tax shelter era" of Canadian filmmaking, in which foreign producers flocked to the country in order to take advantage of the Capital Cost Allowance which allowed investors to deduct up to a 100% of a film's budget provided it met certain requirements. That, combined with the value of the Canadian dollar and abundance of cheaper crew and locations than those found abroad, led to a boom period in Canadian filmmaking.


title: Equus (film)

text: Lumet acknowledged that the film was "very vulnerable to attack", and critics were bound to ask why a film was needed when the play was "perfect", but initial reviews were "respectful". Roger Ebert gave the film two and a half stars, arguing the realism in actual horses and their blinding, "strangely enough, get in the way of the play's own reality: the obsession that the two characters come to share"; however, Ebert complimented Burton and Firth on their performances. Vincent Canby, chief critic for "The New York Times", wrote that he preferred the theatricality of the stage production, but "Now, after seeing Sidney Lumet's comparatively realistic film version, it's possible to appreciate Mr. Shaffer's text for what it is— an extraordinarily skillful, passionate inquiry into the entire Freudian method". Canby also found the movie's realism excessive, and said that "the movie exhausts us with information", specifically citing the scene where Alan rides a horse bareback as giving the viewers "anticlimactic detail". Canby also concluded "This is the best Burton performance since "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?"" Molly Haskell's review in "New York" remarked that the film came "not a moment too soon" for fans of the play, and that Burton was eloquent, Firth "brings out the ugly and unpleasant qualities of the boy", while Jenny Agutter "is rudely treated as the girl who, in another of those preposterous conventions of sixties movies, offers herself nude to the sensitive youth only to have him spurn her". Jesse Kornbluth, writing for "Texas Monthly", called the film "an unqualified success", even though he felt the play was only of interest to "middle-brow" audiences.


title: Equus (film)

text: English Professor James M. Welsh felt using real horses in the film was understandable, but argued the outdoor scenes infringed on the "abstract theatrical design" that gave the play its creativity. Welsh also felt the explicit blinding was "potentially repulsive", and "much of the spirit of the play is lost as a consequence".


title: Equus (film)

text: The film received generally positive reviews, currently holding a 68% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 22 reviews. In 2005, the American Film Institute nominated Richard Rodney Bennett's music for AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores.


title: Michael Seater

text: Michael Seater (born January 15, 1987) is a Canadian actor, director, screenwriter, and producer. From 2005 to 2009, he starred as the titular role in the Canadian sitcom "Life with Derek". He later portrayed James Gillies in "Murdoch Mysteries", from 2009 to 2017.


title: Michael Seater

text: Aside from acting, Seater has ventured into filmmaking, with the independent feature films "People Hold On" (2015) and "Sadie's Last Days on Earth" (2016), which he wrote, directed, and co-produced.


title: Michael Seater

text: Seater was born and raised in Toronto, Ontario. He attended the Etobicoke School of the Arts and worked as a child actor.


title: Michael Seater

text: Seater began acting in the late 1990s and appeared in the short films, direct-to-video films, made-for-television films, several television series.


title: Michael Seater

text: Seater voiced the title character in the series "Mattimeo: A Tale of Redwall", which aired in 2000, starred as Lucas Randall in the television series "Strange Days at Blake Holsey High", which began airing in 2002 and ended in 2006, and had a role in the 2005 film "The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio", which starred Julianne Moore. Seater then appeared in the recurring role of Owen on the series "ReGenesis", which ended after its fourth season.


title: Michael Seater

text: Seater garnered wider public recognition for his role as Derek Venturi on the popular Canadian family sitcom, "Life with Derek", which was a hit with teens at the time. Seater starred on the series from its premiere in 2005 to its finale in 2009, for a total of 70 episodes and four seasons. Before the show's cancellation, Seater had written a script for an episode of the fourth season with his brother, Graham.


title: Michael Seater

text: In 2009, following the conclusion of "Life with Derek", Seater played a character in the Degrassi movie "Degrassi Goes Hollywood" and in 2010 he starred in the CBC series "18 to Life". He also played the recurring role of murderer and criminal mastermind James Gillies in the Canadian series "Murdoch Mysteries".


title: Michael Seater

text: From 2012 to 2013, Seater also had a recurring role on the Canadian television series "Bomb Girls". He also appeared in "", a television film based on the series.


title: Michael Seater

text: In 2015, Seater wrote and directed the feature film "People Hold On", which was nominated for a Canadian Screen Award for Best Original Song (by Noah Reid). The film premiered at the Cinefest Sudbury International Film Festival in 2015. It received mixed reviews from critics.


title: Michael Seater

text: In 2016, Seater wrote and directed his second feature film, "Sadie's Last Days on Earth", which was produced by Shaftesbury Films. It was released on December 9, 2016 in theatres. It received mostly negative reviews from critics, and scored a 40% on Rotten Tomatoes.


title: Michael Seater

text: Seater identifies as queer, and had input into the creation of his character James, a gay man, on "The Wedding Planners". He is close friends with his "Life with Derek" co-star Ashley Leggat.


title: Robotech (TV series)

text: Robotech is an American 85-episode adaptation of three unrelated Japanese anime television series (from three different fictional universes) made between 1982 and 1984 in Japan; the adaptation was aired in 1985. Within the combined and edited story, "Robotechnology" refers to the scientific advances discovered in an alien starship that crashed on a South Pacific island. With this technology, Earth developed giant robotic machines or mecha (many of which were capable of transforming into vehicles) to fight three successive extraterrestrial invasions.


title: Robotech (TV series)

text: "Robotech" was one of the first anime televised in the United States that attempted to include most of the complexity and drama of its original Japanese source material. Produced by Harmony Gold USA, Inc. in association with Tatsunoko Productions Co. Ltd., "Robotech" is a story adapted with edited content and revised dialogue from the animation of three different mecha anime series: "The Super Dimension Fortress Macross" from 1982, "Super Dimension Cavalry Southern Cross" from 1984, and "Genesis Climber Mospeada" from 1983. Harmony Gold's cited reasoning for combining these unrelated series was its decision to market "Macross" for US-American weekday syndication television, which required a minimum of 65 episodes at the time (thirteen weeks at five episodes per week). "Macross" and the two other series each had fewer episodes than required since they originally aired in Japan as a weekly series.


title: Robotech (TV series)

text: Harmony Gold hired American writers to adapt the scripts of the three Japanese series. This complicated process was supervised by producer Carl Macek, a pioneer of the anime industry in the United States.


title: Robotech (TV series)

text: This combination resulted in a storyline that spans three generations as mankind must fight three destructive Robotech Wars in succession over a powerful energy source called "Protoculture":


title: Robotech (TV series)

text: "Codename: Robotech" is a 73-minute animated pilot that preceded the series. It is set within the events of the First Robotech War. It was a greatly extended version of "Gloval's Report", the fourteenth television episode that summarizes the beginning of the series. It was aired on some television stations before the broadcast of the series in 1985. It was included on DVD as an extra with the first volume of the "Robotech Legacy Collection" and the complete "Protoculture Collection", from ADV Films. The disc includes the option of audio commentary by producer Carl Macek and was also released in Australia by Madman Entertainment.


title: Robotech (TV series)

text: "Robotech" originally aired in 1985 in first-run syndication, meaning it was sold directly to local television stations without having been run on a network first—this was part of a trend in animation in the 1980s. Previously, local stations would rerun theatrical cartoons like "Looney Tunes" or shows that had previously aired on network TV on Saturday mornings. This changed after "He-Man and the Masters of the Universe" introduced a new economic model: shows sold directly for first-run to stations, driving and funded by sales of related toys. Though the original "Robotech" series did well in ratings, the attempt to cash in on toys may have doomed "Robotech II: The Sentinels" as the original series attracted older viewers, not necessarily the children targeted by the toy line. The failure of the Matchbox toy line is cited as a primary reason for the cancellation of the "Sentinels" series.


title: Robotech (TV series)

text: In Australia, "Robotech" was aired from 12 April 1986 to and throughout 1988 and 1995 by both the Ten and Seven Networks and various regional stations in different states (including RTQ7, AMV4 and GRV6). Ten cut the series at episode 52 (Love Song), while Seven broadcast all 85 episodes. In 2018, also in Australia, Network Ten multichannel Eleven started airing the Macross Saga.


title: Robotech (TV series)

text: In France, "Robotech" was originally broadcast by La Cinq during the summer of 1987; the show moved to TF1 in 1991.


title: Robotech (TV series)

text: The Philippine network GMA-7 aired the Masters and New Generation episodes in the late 1980s (as RPN-9 aired Macross in the early 1980s), as part of the late-afternoon weekday animation block (together with Captain Harlock).


title: Robotech (TV series)

text: The Hong Kong cable television channel Star Plus (now Star World) aired all 85 episodes, from May 1994 to January 1995, with changes in time-slots (May-early October 1994, 11:00 a.m. Sundays; October 1994-January 1995, 5:30 p.m. Weekdays). The series was broadcast in a number of European countries by the then Super Channel during the 1980s.


title: Robotech (TV series)

text: In the UK, Robotech aired on The Children's Channel in the mid to late 1980s, and it was transmitted on Prem1ere, the satellite movie channel, in the same period.


title: Robotech (TV series)

text: In Spain, all Robotech episodes were aired using the Latin American Dubbing, from August 1990 to April 1991, with changes in time slots, in Telecinco channel. The series was aired again in the same channel from October 1993 to May 1994. At that time only The Macross Saga and The Robotech Masters Saga were aired, leaving the third part of the show unaired.


title: Robotech (TV series)

text: In Russia on the TV channel 2x2 a dubbed version in Russian was shown in 1992. In the spring of 2012, there was a rerun on the TV channel 2x2 with a new dubbed version.


title: Robotech (TV series)

text: "Robotech" appeared on the Sci-Fi Channel in 1993, and on Cartoon Network's Toonami in 1998. Toonami aired only episodes 1 through 60, finishing the run at the end of the "Robotech Masters" story-line. Toonami reran 3 selected episodes of "Robotech" as part of the Giant Robot Week in 2003. Superstation KTEH, a PBS public television station in San Jose, California, as part of its Sunday Late-Prime (9pm-after 12) Sci-Fi programming line-up aired the "Macross" and "New Generation" storylines, as well as the "Robotech II: The Sentinels" feature. "Robotech" formerly aired daily on The Anime Network. As of January 7, 2007, the show also airs in Canada on Space and Retro. As of 2017, all three storyline sagas of Robotech are currently available for streaming on Netflix. Internet based Pluto TV, a Paramount Global subsidiary, began showing all three Robotech stories Summer of 2019 on the Anime All Day channel. They appeared in their original Japanese format as Macross, Southern Cross and Genesis Climber Mospeada.


title: Robotech (TV series)

text: The series has attained a significant cult-following over the years along with critical appraisal; in 2009, "IGN" ranked "Robotech" as the 34th greatest animated show of all time in their Top 100 list.


title: Robotech (TV series)

text: Since "Robotech" was a non-union project, many of the voice actors involved worked under pseudonyms to avoid trouble with their union. The voice-actor list printed in "Robotech Art One" lists the pseudonyms rather than the real names of most of the actors.


title: Birla Mandir, Hyderabad

text: Birla Mandir is a Hindu temple, built on a high hillock called "Naubath Pahad" on a plot in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The construction took 10 years and was opened in 1976 by Swami Ranganathananda of Ramakrishna Mission. The temple was constructed by Birla Foundation, which has also constructed several similar temples across India, all of which are known as Birla Mandir.


title: Birla Mandir, Hyderabad

text: The temple manifests a blend of Dravidian, Rajasthani and Utkala architectures. It is constructed of 2000 tons of pure white marble. The granite idol of presiding deity Lord Venkateswara is about tall and a carved lotus forms an umbrella on the top. There is a brass flagstaff in the temple premises which rises to a height of . The temple does not have traditional bells, as Swami Ranganathananda wished that the temple atmosphere should be conducive for meditation.


title: Birla Mandir, Hyderabad

text: Apart from the main shrine, the consorts of Lord Venkateswara, Padmavati and Andal are housed in separate shrines. The temple also has separate shrines for various Deva and Devi including Shiva, Shakti, Ganesh, Hanuman, Brahma, Saraswati and Lakshmi. Selected because teachings of men and Gurbani are engraved on temple walls. Birla temples are open to all, as identified by Mahatma Gandhi and other Hindu leaders.


title: Birla Mandir, Hyderabad

text: Birla Mandir is near to Lakdi-ka-pul and Assembly Hyderabad metro station. Birla Mandir is well connected by TSRTC buses and MMTS. The nearest MMTS station is Lakdi ka pul.


title: Birla Mandir, Hyderabad

text: Due to its immense popularity, the temple's car parking facilities are often full, leading to parking shortage in the immediate vicinity of the temple. To avoid parking hassles, local travel guides advise parking cars at the foot of Naubat Pahad near the Assembly and reach Birla Mandir on foot over a 2 minute walk.


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy () is a 2015 Indian Telugu-language romantic comedy film written and directed by Maruthi. Produced by Bunny Vasu under the production companies GA2 Pictures and UV Creations, "Bhale Bhale Magadivoy" stars Nani and Lavanya Tripathi, with Murali Sharma, Ajay, Naresh, Sithara, and Vennela Kishore in supporting roles. The film revolves around Lucky, an absent-minded plant scientist and his efforts to hide his inherent memory-related flaws from Nandana, a benevolent Kuchipudi dancer with whom he is in a relationship.


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: The title "Bhale Bhale Magadivoy" was borrowed from a song of the same name composed by M. S. Viswanathan for K. Balachander 1978 Telugu film "Maro Charitra". Gopi Sunder composed the film's soundtrack and background score. Principal photography began in March 2013, and ended that July. Including post-production tasks, the film was completed in seven months. Though mostly shot in and around Hyderabad, one of the songs was filmed in Goa.


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: Produced on a budget of around 79 crore, "Bhale Bhale Magadivoy" was released on 4 September 2015 in 700 screens across the globe. It received positive reviews from critics and was a box office success, grossing over 50.05 crore globally in its full run. At the time of its release, it became the fourth-highest grossing Telugu film of all time at the United States box office, where it was released in 115 screens. The film received three nominations at the 63rd Filmfare Awards South: Best Film (Telugu), Best Actor (Telugu) and the Critics Award for Best Actor (South) for Nani, winning the latter most. It was remade in Kannada as "Sundaranga Jaana" in 2016, and in Tamil as "Ghajinikanth" in 2018.


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: Lucky is an absent-minded junior botanist who is easily distracted by other tasks while working on his current research. His father arranges his marriage with the daughter of Panduranga Rao, a senior botanist. Rao decides to break the alliance after learning about Lucky's mental condition and warns him not to show up again. On his way to donate blood to his boss, Lucky falls in love with Nandana, a kuchipudi dance teacher, and gets diverted. He creates a positive impression by unknowingly donating blood to one of her students.


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: In their frequent meetings, Lucky keeps forgetting things (such as going out without his shoes, giving away his motorbike keys to a beggar, etc.), but manages to hide this shortcoming from Nandana by claiming he is a philanthropist. He is unaware of the fact that Nandana is Rao's daughter, the young woman whom he was supposed to marry before. Rao's friend's son Ajay, a police inspector, also falls in love with Nandana, while she is waiting for Lucky's proposal. When he tries to propose on her birthday, Lucky ends up taking Nandana's pregnant sister-in-law, who is experiencing labour pains, to a nearby hospital. After the delivery, Nandana proposes to Lucky, and they become a couple.


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: Nandana informs Lucky that her father has accepted their proposal and wants to meet him. Lucky and Rao meet as strangers when Rao insults Lucky after an incident with a little girl who was about to fall into a pond. Lucky later realises that Nandana is Rao's daughter and flees. Lucky and Nandana plan to meet later. Lucky makes a friend of his pose as Nandana's lover, and joins Rao as an apprentice.


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: When Nandana's relatives attend the naming ceremony of the new born child, Rao's nephew assumes Lucky's friend is her potential lover, and all the others assume Lucky is Nandana's suitor. Rao's nephew becomes further confused when Lucky visits a sick Nandana to spend some quality time with her. Days later, Rao wants Lucky to escort Nandana and her relatives to Srisailam. Lucky, driving, misses a turn and reaches the outskirts of Bangalore. He takes them to a nearby temple and explains that it is a very special and historically significant temple.


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: Ajay, who is confused about the identity of Nandana's lover (as Lucky and his friend keep changing places depending on who is around at the moment) manages to get a video of Lucky romancing Nandana. When they all arrive back home, Ajay reveals Lucky's mental condition to Nandana, and they break up. On the day of Nandana's engagement with Ajay, Rao, who has become aware of the sincerity of Lucky's love, advises her to choose Lucky over Ajay. When Ajay makes it clear he intends to marry Nandana by force, Rao challenges Lucky to stop it, this time without forgetting.


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: Rao meets Lucky and reveals that he has been aware of his love for Nandana since the moment she and Lucky met at the hospital, and that, since then, he has been watching to see how Lucky's amnesia might affect his relationship with Nandana. Lucky visits the temple where the marriage is scheduled to take place but ends up forgetting, instead buying a lemon soda. However, this turns out to be a trick, as he wants to lure Ajay's henchmen into a false sense of security. He reaches the original marriage venue (actually an aluminium factory) in time with help from Ajay's henchmen and informally weds Nandana there after a duel with Ajay.


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: A week later, Rao visits Nandana and Lucky, a married couple, who tell him that Lucky's condition has been improved post marriage. During their conversations, Rao says that Ajay has been missing for a week and his father is concerned. Lucky remembers that he tied Ajay with a rope at the factory. When he reaches the spot, and Ajay asks why he did not release him, Lucky replies, "Sorry boss, I forgot!".


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: V. Vamsi Krishna Reddy and Pramod Uppalapati signed Maruthi to direct a film starring Nani and Lavanya Tripathi under their banner UV Creations. The film, as yet untitled, was formally announced in February 2015, before the release of Nani's "Yevade Subramanyam". Maruthi wanted to tell the story of a person who has a shortcoming that makes him think he is not worthy of being loved. Bunny Vasu co-produced the film under the banner GA2 Pictures, a sub-division of Geetha Arts, with Allu Aravind as the film's presenter, making it a joint venture with UV Creations. The film was titled "Bhale Bhale Magadivoy" after a song of the same name composed by M. S. Viswanathan for K. Balachander "Maro Charitra" (1978). Gopi Sunder composed the film's music. Nizar Shafi and S. B. Uddhav were the film's cinematographer and editor respectively.


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: Nani played the role of Lakkaraju, called Lucky, an absentminded young man who often forgets the task he is currently performing when he is distracted by something else. He initially wanted to turn down Maruthi's proposal due to the latter's previous risqué films. After listening to the script, he liked the absence of irrelevant comedy tracks. Tripathi plays the role of Nandana, an innocent kuchipudi dancer. Regarding her looks, Tripathi said that the emphasis was on "graceful attires, simple accessories and kohl-rimmed eyes". She was previously trained in kathak, and two teachers assisted her with the dance as a part of her preparation for the character. Murli Sharma plays the role of Tripathi's conservative father; he said he found the role difficult to portray as most of his previous roles were more aggressive in nature. Vennela Kishore was selected to play a supporting role. Naresh and Sithara play Nani's parents, and Ajay, Praveen, and Srinivasa Reddy play supporting roles in the film.


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: The film was officially launched on 2 March 2015 at Hyderabad, with principal photography commenced the following day. Nani joined the set two days later. The song "Endaro" was filmed as a montage number with scenes featuring the humorous consequences of the protagonist's poor memory and his girlfriend's reactions to them. By late May 2015, the filming of talkie portions was almost done and a few song sequences were filmed at Ramoji Film City. For one particular scene, Nani delivered eight pages of dialogue in a single take. The song "Hello Hello" was filmed in Goa during the rains, which was a spontaneous decision by the filmmakers. The principal photography was completed on 28 July 2015 at Saradhi Studios in Ameerpet, Hyderabad. Including post-production tasks, the film was completed in seven months. Singer Chinmayi, who dubbed for Tripathi in her Telugu debut "Andala Rakshasi" (2012), also dubbed for her character in this film. Tripathi said that she wanted Chinmayi to dub for her lines because she had a good understanding of the character and the situations and had a voice similar to hers.


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: Gopi Sunder composed the film's soundtrack, which consisted of five songs. The lyrics were written by Ramajogayya Sastry, Sri Mani, and Bhaskarabhatla. The tune of "Endaro Mahanubhavulu", one of Tyagaraja Pancharatna Kriti, was adapted for the song "Endaro", which was composed in classical fusion style, and the lyrics were tweaked to suit the situation. Renuka Arun provided the vocals. She was recommended to Sunder by a guitarist in his group when the former intended to select a singer who "has a strong inclination towards Carnatic music but with an exposure to fusion music". Sachin Warrier, who sang for "Saheba Subramanyam" (2014), the Telugu version of Sunder's Malayalam musical "Thattathin Marayathu" (2012), was selected to sing the song "Motta Modatisari". He initially recorded the song's raw cut intended to be used while filming. Warrier was chosen to sing for the final version as well, since the film's team found his voice apt. He was helped by its lyricist Ramajogayya Sastry and an assistant director in pronouncing the words correctly. Karthik provided the vocals for three songs: "Bhale Bhale Magadivoy", "How How", and "Hello Hello". The first three songs in the album were released on 12 August 2015 at an FM station in Hyderabad. The rest of the songs in the soundtrack album was released on 15 August 2015, three days later at a promotional event held in Hyderabad, with actor Allu Arjun attending as guest of honour. Lahari Music marketed the soundtrack album.


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: Reviewing the song "Bhale Bhale Magadivoy", Karthik Srinivasan of "The Hindu" stated that Sunder "ups the ante for the phrase's use with a super bouncy tune, going one up on Mickey J. Meyer African-style remake of the original", adding that Karthik and Mohana Bhogaraju "are in lively form singing this one". "The Hindu" stated that Sunder treated the song "Endaro" like a "classic rock song, with drums and violin dominating impressively, even as Renuka is in scintillating form, bringing classical chops to what is treated as a complex, contemporary pop song", adding that it is "less ambitious and sticks faithfully" to the original.


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: Deepu Joseph of "The Times of India" gave the soundtrack album 3.5 out of 5 stars and called it an album that "has something in it for everyone and it sure to be a hit". Joseph called "Endaro" an "absolute fusion masterpiece as Gopi Sunder wonderfully fuses Carnatic, rock and Jazz elements as Renuka Arun's voice sounds majestic and takes the song to the next level". Behindwoods gave the soundtrack album 3 out of 5 stars and stated that it is "one of the most melodious albums released in Telugu over the recent times" and that Sunder "sure knows how to blend modernity with rock steady classical music!".


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: "Bhale Bhale Magadivoy" was released on 4 September 2015 in 700 screens across the globe, competing with "Dynamite" and "Jayasurya", the Telugu dubbed version of "Paayum Puli". CineGalaxy Inc. acquired the film's overseas theatrical distribution rights. The film was released in 115 screens across the United States.


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: "Bhale Bhale Magadivoy" received positive reviews from critics. Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of "The Hindu" found the film to be a "laugh riot" and stated that "Bhale Bhale Magadivoy" "puts logic aside but there's plenty of situational humour where you'll find yourself laughing aloud and having a good time. And these laughs are with [rather] than at the protagonist". N. Sethumadhavan of the "Bangalore Mirror" called the film a "fresh breeze" and stated that the film "reasserts that Nani is a talent to watch" and that Maruthi "has indeed surprised us with a clean family entertainer". Sify called the film a "cool entertainer" and stated that it is a "neatly packaged romcom about a mini Ghajini travails".


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: Pranita Jonnalagedda of "The Times of India" gave the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and stated that "Bhale Bhale Magadivoy" comes across as a "breath of fresh air" because it "successfully keeps itself away from the regular formula of romantic comedies [and is] devoid of the oh-so-overused cliches" and is a "delight for anyone looking for wholesome entertainment". Suresh Kavirayani of the "Deccan Chronicle" also gave the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and stated that the film can be watched for "some hilarious scenes and Nani's brilliance performance [sic]". Behindwoods gave the film 2.75 out of 5 stars and called it a "fun ride that will entertain you throughout" and added, "What amazes the most is the film doesn't resort to a predictable narration. The movie is filled with plenty of twists to keep the audience hooked from the scratch to finish line and it is the primary USP of the film".


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: "Bhale Bhale Magadivoy" collected US$70,132 from the premier shows at the United States and US$164,459 on the first day, taking its total to US$234,591 (1.56 crore), which trade analyst Taran Adarsh called a "smashing start". The first weekend figures at the United States box office stood at US$718,378 (4.8 crore). It grossed 14 crore and collected a distributor share of 9 crore in its first weekend at the global box office. The film grossed 23.95 crore and collected a distributor share of 14.2 crore in its first week at the global box office, recovering production costs. It collected US$1,034,228 at the United States box office in eight days and became the 15th Telugu film to cross the US$1 million mark there. It also became the fifth-highest grossing Telugu film of 2015 at the United States box office.


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: The film collected US$265,376 from 84 screens at the United States box office in its second weekend, taking its ten-day total to $1.2 million (8.71 crore). It collected US$1,356,673 (8.91 crore) in 17 days, and US$1,426,527 (9.24 crore) in 38 days at the United States box office, thus becoming the fourth-highest grossing Telugu film of all time after "", "Srimanthudu", and "Attarintiki Daredi" (2013). The film grossed more than 50.05 crore globally in its lifetime, and the United States box office figures stood at approximately 9.40 crore. It was one of the few small-budget Telugu films to cross the US$1 million mark and also the first blockbuster in Nani's career earning him the nick name NATURAL STAR.


title: Bhale Bhale Magadivoy

text: "Bhale Bhale Magadivoy" was remade into Kannada as "Sundaranga Jaana" (2016), and in Tamil as "Ghajinikanth" (2018).


title: Sex therapy

text: Sex therapy is a strategy for the improvement of sexual function and treatment of sexual dysfunction. This includes sexual dysfunctions such as premature ejaculation or delayed ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, lack of sexual interest or arousal, and painful sex (vaginismus and dyspareunia), as well as dealing with problems imposed by atypical sexual interests (paraphilias), gender dysphoria and being transgender, highly overactive libido or hypersexuality, a lack of sexual confidence, recovering from sexual abuse such as rape or sexual assault, and sexual issues related to aging, illness, or disability.


title: Sex therapy

text: Modern sex therapy often integrates psychotherapeutic techniques and medical ones, such as Viagra (sildenafil) and Cialis (tadalafil) to increase erectile response and Paxil (paroxetine) to treat premature ejaculation. Sex therapists assist those experiencing problems in overcoming them, in doing so possibly regaining an active sex life. The transformative approach to sex therapy aims to understand the psychological, biological, pharmacological, relational, and contextual aspects of sexual problems.


title: Sex therapy

text: Sex therapy requires rigorous evaluation that includes a medical and psychological examination. The reason is that sexual dysfunction may have a somatic base or a psychogenic basis. A clear example is erectile dysfunction (sometimes still called "impotence"), whose causes may include circulatory problems and performance anxiety. Sex therapy is frequently short term, with duration depending on the causes for therapy.


title: Sex therapy

text: Sex therapy can be provided by licensed psychologists or physicians, who have undergone training and become certified. These trainings and certifications usually begin with a master's degree, and internship, and a license. This can take up to 2 years, and longer if a doctorates degree is desired.


title: Sex therapy

text: Sex therapy is distinct from sex surrogates. Whereas sex therapists discuss and instruct clients in sex-based exercises to be performed at home between sessions, sexual surrogates participate in the exercises with their clients as part of helping them to practice and develop improved skills. Therapists and surrogates sometimes collaborate on cases. Certified sex therapists do not have sexual contact with their clients.


title: Sex therapy

text: Sex therapy sessions are focused on the individual's symptoms rather than on underlying psychodynamic conflicts. The sexual dysfunctions which may be addressed by sex therapy include non-consummation, premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, low libido, unwanted sexual fetishes, sexual addiction, painful sex, or a lack of sexual confidence, assisting people who are recovering from sexual assault, problems commonly caused by stress, tiredness, and other environmental and relationship factors. Sex therapy can either be on an individual basis or with the sex partner. Sex therapy can be conducted with any adult client, including older adults, any gender expression, and LGBTQ-identified people.


title: Sex therapy

text: A therapist's misunderstanding of these conflicts can lead to resistance or serve as a barrier to improving sexual dysfunctions that are directly or indirectly related to sex. The interest in sex therapy among couples has increased along with the number of sexuality educators, counselors, and therapists. Today, sexual problems are no longer regarded as symptoms of hidden deviant, pathological, or psychological defects in maturity or development. Sex therapy has also influenced the emergence of sexual medicine and exploring integrative approaches to sex therapy, in addition to reducing or eliminating sexual problems and increasing sexual satisfaction for individuals of all stages of life. Health therapists, educators, and counselors are conducting research and administering surveys to fully understand normative sexual function – what most people do and experience as they grow older and live longer.


title: Sex therapy

text: Both physical and emotional transformation throughout various stages of life can affect the body and sexuality. The subsequent decline in hormone levels and changes in neurological and circulatory functioning may lead to sexual problems such as erectile dysfunction or vaginal pain. These physical changes often affect the intensity of youthful sex and may give way to more subdued responses during middle and later life. Issues with low libido and sexual dysfunction are usually considered to be a byproduct of old age. The emotional byproducts of maturity, however — increased confidence, better communication skills, and lessened inhibitions — can help create a richer, more nuanced, and ultimately satisfying sexual experience. During AARP's last surveys in 1999, 2004, and 2009 statistics show well-being among older adults has increased; however, overall sexual satisfaction has decreased. Nevertheless, older adults believed that an active sexual life offers great pleasure and contributes materially to overall emotional and physical health.


title: Sex therapy

text: Over the years, little attention has been paid to older adults and sexuality. As the population of older adults and life expectancy continue to grow, there is information about sex therapy but it is often not easily accepted. Cultural and sexual roles are always changing throughout the life-course. As people age, they are often viewed as asexual or as incapable of possessing sexual desires. The presence of sexual dysfunction during old age can be impacted by health problems. There are many endocrine, vascular and neurological disorders that may interfere in sexual function, along with some medications and surgeries. Older men experience changes that occur in sexual physiology and affect both erectile function and ejaculation. While older women experience physiological effects of aging after menopause, resulting in the decreased production of estrogen. This leads to increased vaginal dryness, general atrophy of vaginal tissue, and genital changes (reduced size of clitoral, vulvar, and labial tissue). Cognitive changes and decline is another factor that influences sexual activity. Dementia, Alzheimer's and mental health disorders may have an effect on sexual behavior, producing disinhibition or relationship difficulties with subsequent effects on couple's sexual relationships.


title: Sex therapy

text: Sex therapy with older adults looks at factors which influence sexuality in older adults, including sexual desire, sexual activity, the value of sexuality, and health. It can include sensate focus, communication, and fantasy exercises as well as psychodynamic therapy.


title: Sex therapy

text: Sex therapy for older adults is similar to sex therapy with other populations. It includes the use of water-based personal lubricants (for decreased vaginal lubrication), hormone therapy, and medications. Sex therapists working with older adults should know about sexuality and aging. They should also be aware of how stereotypes affect their clients. This is especially true for LGBT-identified clients.


title: Sex therapy

text: Older adults may also need more education about their sexuality and sexual functioning. Curriculum for this includes communication, masturbation, body image, and spirituality. It also teaches about talking to a doctor about sexual activity. It is optimal that sex education for older adults includes information about sexually transmitted infections (STDs/STIs), such as HIV/AIDS.


title: Sex therapy

text: Sex therapy has existed in different cultures throughout time, including ancient India, China, Greece, and Rome. It has taken the form of manuals, spells, anaphrodisiacs or aphrodisiacs, and tantric yoga, among others. Much of sex therapy and sexual dysfunction in Western cultures was limited to scientific discussion, especially throughout the 19th century and into the early 20th century.


title: Sex therapy

text: Sexologists such as Henry Havelock Ellis and Alfred Kinsey began conducting research in the area of human sexuality during the first half of the 20th century. This work was groundbreaking and controversial in the scientific arena.


title: Sex therapy

text: In the 1950s, sex therapy was concerned with "controlling sexual expression" and repressing what was then-considered deviant behaviors, such as homosexuality or having sex too often. Masters and Johnson are credited with revolutionizing sex therapy in the mid-century and included couple therapy and behavioral interventions that focused on being present in the moment such as sensate focus exercises. Dr. Helen Singer Kaplan modified some of Masters and Johnson's ideas to better suit her outpatient practice, including introducing medication. Both integrated cognitive behavioral therapy into their practice and Kaplan used psychodynamic therapy as well. The work of Jack Annon in 1976 also saw the creation of the PLISSIT model that sought to create a structured system of levels for the therapist to follow.


title: Sex therapy

text: The mid-1980s saw the medicalization of sex therapy, with a primary focus on male sexual dysfunction. The 1990s brought penile injections and medications such as Viagra as well as the marketing of antidepressants for their delayed ejaculation side-effects. Hormone therapy was introduced to assist both male and female sexual dysfunction. Dilators were used to treat women with vaginismus and surgical procedures to increase the size of the vaginal opening and treat vulvar pain were also introduced.


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: Kadhalum Kadanthu Pogum () is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film written and directed by Nalan Kumarasamy in his second feature film after "Soodhu Kavvum". Produced by C. V. Kumar under his Thirukumaran Entertainment banner, with K. E. Gnanavel Raja also co-producing the film under Studio Green, it stars Vijay Sethupathi and Madonna Sebastian, the latter in her Tamil film debut. It is an official remake of the 2010 Korean film "My Dear Desperado".


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: The film focuses about a rowdy and an IT professional whom share a special bond when they live as neighbours. Nalan Kumarasamy initially developed the script as a dark comedy; however as several other films were being released in the same genre, he rewrote the entire script from scratch which spent him two years. The principal shooting of the film began in April 2015 and ended that July, with film being set mostly in Chennai.


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: The film's soundtrack and background score is composed by Santhosh Narayanan, with Dinesh B. Krishnan and Leo John Paul serving as the cinematographer and editor respectively. The film was released on 11 March 2016 to positive reviews from critics who mostly praised the performances of Sethupathi and Madonna along with the direction and technical aspects of the film,but the movie opened with less reception and became an above average success at the box office.


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: Villupuram-based engineering graduate Yazhini Bakthirajan, leaves for Chennai against her parents' wishes to pursue a career in the IT sector. When the company she works for shuts down suddenly five months later, she faces financial hardship and is forced to move into a low-cost housing colony while searching for a new job, where her neighbour Kathiravan resides.


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: Kathir is a rowdy who works for a local area councillor Thilagar, whose only aim in life is to own a bar of his own. He had just been released from prison after serving a five-year sentence for taking the blame for a crime he did not commit on the orders of the councillor. Kathir did the deed on the promise that his status within the councillor's gang will be elevated once he is released, but the promise was reneged. Though both of them dislike each other in the beginning, they gradually warm up to each other despite their different backgrounds and become a sort of symbiotic support system for one another.


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: Facing pressure from her family over her career and wedding, Yazhini introduces Kathir to her parents as her boyfriend who is a successful manager in an IT firm. Her parents decide to fix their marriage but change their mind after seeing Kathir thrashing two men opposite a temple, realising that he is a rowdy. They bar Yazhini from returning to Chennai, even forbidding her to attend an important job interview. Meanwhile, Kathir starts a gang war by beating up the henchmen of a rival gangster Moda Kumar. The councillor decides that Kathir should murder Kumar. After ensuring that Yazhini attends her interview, Kathir proceeds with the plan to murder Kumar. However, during the ensuing scuffle, Kathir ends up being stabbed with a rebar and is left to bleed to death.


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: Two years later, Yazhini has become a director in her company and has moved out of the housing colony. She constantly thinks about Kathir, whom she had never seen again after her interview. Yazhini yearns to show Kathir her new life, knowing that he is the one person who will be happier than even herself in her having achieved her dreams. She soon finds Kathir working at a petrol bunk, having survived his murder attempt and abandoned his rowdy past. The two rejoice in the happy ending.


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: After his debut film "Soodhu Kavvum" received critical and commercial accolades, Nalan Kumarasamy started penning the script for his second film under the title "Eskimo Kadhal", which is touted to be an "out-and-out romantic one", with C. V. Kumar who earlier produced Nalan's "Soodhu Kavvum" had bankrolled this film. As the script demanded a prominent actor to play the male lead role, he narrated the script first to Suriya whom he gave nod to the project, after Suriya's interest in working with young filmmakers. But he could not allot the dates due to his commitments with Lingusamy's "Anjaan". Further negotiations with Gautham Karthik became unsuccessful, which resulted Nalan to put the project on held and started working on another film titled "Kai Neelam", a sequel to "Soodhu Kavvum" and also the second film in the Trilogy of Trick, which Nalan had curated.


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: In a turn of events, Nalan shelved the project and began working on a remake of the Korean film "My Dear Desperado" for the same producers, irrespective of the film being remade in Hindi as "Jayantabhai Ki Luv Story". Kumar paid to acquire the Korean film's remake rights. In April 2015, Vijay Sethupathi was confirmed to play the leading role in the film in his second collaboration with Kumarasamy after "Soodhu Kavvum". The project had a formal launch on the same month, with the technical team of "Soodhu Kavvum" comprising music director Santhosh Narayanan, cinematographer Dinesh Krishnan and editor Leo John Paul being a part of the film and K. E. Gnanavel Raja of Studio Green was the co-producer.


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: Nalan Kumarasamy initially wrote the script of this film (along with "Kai Neelam") as a black comedy due to the success of "Soodhu Kavvum". However, within the completion of the first draft, many films based on black comedy released during the intermediate timeline. Nalan who does not want to repeat genres had shelved the project "Kai Neelam", as well as rewriting the script from the stratch owing to the long gap between his first and second film. He also noted that the film will have unique pattern as similar to "Soodhu Kavvum" and also there will be comic elements with stress on relationships.


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: Initially the team approached Trisha to play the female lead, but the actress denied her presence in the film. After multiple auditions for the female lead, Kumarasamy roped in Madonna Sebastian to play the role after she shot to fame with "Premam". She revealed that Vishnu Govind and Sree Sankar (the sound designer duo who worked in "Premam"), who also became a part of Kumarasamy's project mentioned the name to the director, and she got to play the female lead during an audition. She further added that her role is an out-of-comfort zone and expressive character, saying "I play a middle class girl looking for a job in the city and she meets the hero, played by Sethupathi, from the city, and the story goes on. I can’t reveal much about the film. But it will be a breezy entertainer." Madonna further added despite "Premam" becoming successful among the Tamil audience, she was not familiar with Tamil, so she took time to memorise the dialogues and perform on the set. Further stating "Initially I found speaking in Tamil a bit difficult. But now I am learning the language so that I can easily get enact my role".


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: Principal photography for the film began in April 2015, with the first schedule being shot in Chennai for 20 days. As of May 2015, the team had wrapped 50% of the shoot within 25 days while most of the film is set in Chennai. The principal shooting of the film completed during July 2015, and post-production process began soon after its completion. While the film was developed under the title "Eskimo Kadhal", in September 2015, the makers announced the film's title as "Kadhalum Kadanthu Pogum".


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: The film's five-song soundtrack and background score were composed by Santhosh Narayanan in his second collaboration with Nalan Kumarasamy after "Soodhu Kavvum". Lyrics for the songs were written by Thamarai, Mohan Rajan, Vivek, Arunraja Kamaraj and Kumarasamy himself. One of the songs from the film titled "Ka Ka Ka Po" which was inspired from the 2006 film "Imsai Arasan 23rd Pulikecei". It was released as the lead single from the soundtrack on 8 February 2016 at a launch event held in Sathyam Cinemas in Chennai, and became an instant hit upon release. The album released on 22 February 2016 by Sony Music India which acquired the music rights.


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: "Behindwoods" gave the soundtrack three stars out of five, it summarised "Santhosh Narayanan strikes again with his unique ideas of fusion music!" Giving three out of five, Siddharth Srinivas of "Sify" called the soundtrack as "slightly inferior", but added that the album featured superior audio aura and quality, which make up for the familiarity in tunes further adding that "there is work to be done with the visuals". Karthik Srinivasan of "Milliblog" stated the album as "passable soundtrack" and stated the songs "Paravai Parandhuchu" and "Bongu Kichan" are likeable.


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: The film's first look and teaser was released with an acronym "Ka Ka Ka Po" being used as part of the promotions. In late January 2016, debutant filmmaker P. S. Vijay sued the makers as they found the title too similar comparing with his film "Ka Ka Ka Po", although the former had a different expansion. Vijay also stated that this may not only create misperception among the audience but also affects the business prospects of the films.


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: The film was initially scheduled for a theatrical release on 12 February 2016, coinciding with the Valentine's Day weekend. However, due to post-production delays and as Vijay Sethupathi's another film "Sethupathi" being released on the same month of February, the makers pushed the release to 11 March 2016, as trade analysts believed that the prospects of both the films will be affected if being released on the same month. It received U certificate from the Censor Board which further became eligible for the exemption of the entertainment tax levied by the Tamil Nadu state government. The film opened in more than 300 screens across Tamil Nadu, and due to positive response the number of screens had been increased on 14 March.


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: The film opened to positive response from critics. M. Suganth, editor-in-chief of "The Times of India" gave three-and-a-half out off five stars saying "The stylish nonchalance of Vijay Sethupathi and the earnestness of Madonna Sebastian complement each perfectly that we root for these characters to succeed". "Behindwoods" gave three stars for the film and wrote "Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum is a whole new experience. At the minimum, it might just excite you or even go to the extent of making you jump out of joy". Praising the performances of Vijay Sethupathi and Madonna Sebastian, with the writing, Sify reviewed the film as a "classy rom-com" giving three out of five stars for the film.


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: Gauthaman Bhaskaran gave three stars in his review for "Hindustan Times" saying "though the film is often predictable and ponderous, there are some interesting shots that lift the narrative". In his review for "India Today", Kirubhakar Purushothaman gave three-and-a-half out of five stars and praised the performances of the actors along with the writing and filmmaking. S. Saraswathi of "Rediff" gave three out of five stars saying "The best part is that, though the film revolves around Kathir and Yazhini, they are just small players in the larger story. With riveting performances by the lead actors, a delightful script and the magic wielded by of director Nalan Kumarasamy and composer Santhosh Narayanan, the film is a sure winner".


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: Noted film critic Baradwaj Rangan in his review for "The Hindu", praised Nalan Kumarasamy for "breaking the stereotypes of romance genre films in Tamil", saying that "Nalan isn't just reshaping the Kollywood romance here [...] He’s also reshaping the hero himself". He further reviewed that "the Kathir-Yazhini scenes accrue weight towards the closing portions, so much so that we find ourselves completing their stories in our heads during the drive home." "Moviecrow" gave a positive review saying "With a brilliant performance from Vijay Sethupathi, Kadhalum Kadanthu Pogum is treat of a different kind from the team of "Soodhu Kavvum"".


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: In its opening weekend, the film collected in Tamil Nadu from 327 screens, and crore from 264 shows in Chennai. Overall, it was the highest opening in Vijay Sethupathi's career. It continued its number one position at the Chennai city box office making it a total of in its first week.


title: Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum

text: The film released in more than 47 theatres in North America and grossed $41,000 on its first day. In the United Kingdom, the film collected across 23 screens. In Australia, it earned and in Malaysia, .


title: Judith Malina

text: Judith Malina (June 4, 1926 – April 10, 2015) was a German-born American actress, director and writer. With her husband, Julian Beck, Malina co-founded The Living Theatre, a radical political theatre troupe that rose to prominence in New York City and Paris during the 1950s and 60s. The Living Theatre and its founders were the subject of the 1983 documentary "Signals Through The Flames".


title: Judith Malina

text: Malina was born in Kiel, Germany, the daughter of Polish Jewish parents: her mother, Rosel (née Zamora), was a former actress, and her father, Max Malina, a rabbi in the conservative denomination. In 1929 at the age of three, she immigrated with her parents to New York City.


title: Judith Malina

text: Her parents helped her see how important political theatre was, as her father was trying to warn people of the Nazi menace and he left Germany with his family largely due to the rise of antisemitism there in the late 1920s.


title: Judith Malina

text: Except for long tours, she lived in New York City until she moved in 2013 to the Lillian Booth Actors Home in Englewood, New Jersey. 1943 till 1945, Malina worked for Valeska Gert at the "Beggar Bar". There she observed many of Gert's performances which influenced her later artistic approach. Interested in acting from an early age, she began attending the New School for Social Research in 1945 to study theatre under Erwin Piscator. Malina was greatly influenced by Piscator's philosophy of theatre which was similar to Bertolt Brecht's principles of "epic theatre" but went further in departing from traditional narrative forms. Piscator saw theatre as a form of political communication or agitprop ("Theatre interests me only when it is a matter of interest to society."); Malina, unlike Piscator, was committed to nonviolence and anarchism.


title: Judith Malina

text: In 1963, they had to close the Living Theatre because of IRS charges (later proved false) of tax problems, and Malina and Beck were convicted of contempt of court, in part because Judith defended Julian wearing the garb of Portia from "The Merchant of Venice" – and tried to use a similar argument.


title: Judith Malina

text: In 1969, the company decided to divide into three groups. One worked on the pop scene in London, another went to India to study traditional Indian theatre arts, and the third, including Malina and Beck, traveled in 1971 to Brazil to tour. They were imprisoned there on political charges for two months by the military government.


title: Judith Malina

text: After Beck's death from cancer in 1985, company member Hanon Reznikov, who had become Malina's lover (they married in 1988), assumed co-leadership of the Living Theatre company. In 2007, it opened its own theater at 21 Clinton Street in Manhattan. In April 2008 Reznikov suffered a stroke and while hospitalized died of pneumonia on May 3 of the same year at the age of 57.


title: Judith Malina

text: Malina appeared occasionally in films, beginning in 1975, when she played Al Pacino's mother in "Dog Day Afternoon". Using her for the role was Pacino's idea, said its director, Sidney Lumet. Lumet recalls that tracking her down was difficult, as she had moved from New York to Vermont. "I had no idea of what to expect," said Lumet. "I didn't even know whether she'd want to do a 'commercial' film. Well, let me tell you, she is an actress. Totally professional. She also had no money and we had to pay her fare from Vermont, but she walked in and was perfect."


title: Judith Malina

text: She also appeared in Pacino's "Looking for Richard". Malina's other roles in cinema include Rose in "Awakenings" (1990) and Grandma Addams in "The Addams Family" (1991). She had major roles in "Household Saints" (1993) and the low-budget film, "Nothing Really Happens" (2003). She appeared in an episode of the TV series "The Sopranos" in 2006 as a nun, the secret mother of Paulie "Walnuts" Gualtieri. Malina took part in Rosa von Praunheim's documentary "New York Memories" (2010) and also in the documentary "Love and Politics" (2012) by Azad Jafarian. Von Praunheim's film premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival in 2010 and Azad's film premiered in 2012 at the Tribeca Film Festival. Malina also has a significant supporting role in the well-received film "Enemies, A Love Story" (1989), in which she acted alongside Lena Olin, Ron Silver and Anjelica Huston. Some of Malina's artistic qualities were described by theater scholar Richard Schechner:


title: Judith Malina

text: Malina met her long-time collaborator and husband, Julian Beck, in 1943, when she was 17 and he was a student at Yale University. Beck, originally a painter, came to share her interest in political theatre. In 1947, the couple founded The Living Theatre, which they directed together until Beck's death in 1985. Beck and Malina had "two offstage children", Garrick and Isha.


title: Judith Malina

text: Malina's and Beck's marriage was non-monogamous. The bisexual Beck had a long-term male partner, as did Malina. In 1988, she married her long-term partner Hanon Resnikov. They co-directed the Living Theatre's activity in the Middle East, Europe and the United States, until Reznikov's unexpected death in 2008.


title: Judith Malina

text: In 1996, Malina was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters (L.H.D.) degree from Whittier College.


title: Evan Felker

text: Evan Duane Felker (born March 24, 1984) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist from Okemah, Oklahoma. He is best known as the lead singer of the band Turnpike Troubadours.


title: Evan Felker

text: Felker was born in Okemah and raised in Wright City, a small town in rural southeast Oklahoma. His mother, Tane, worked in the healthcare industry and his father, Van, was a cowboy. He has one younger sister, Cheyenne. He was part of "an outdoorsy family that did a lot of hunting and fishing". Growing up, Felker enjoyed short stories and wrote poems and creative prose. He started playing guitar at the age of fifteen, learning from books and from high school friends. He initially began writing rock songs since he considered country music to be uncool. Felker's uncle was a songwriter and rock musician, and Felker travelled to Tulsa, Oklahoma as a teenager to watch him perform. Felker attended tech school to train as an electrician and later worked in paper mills, food plants, and Mercury Marine in Stillwater, Oklahoma.


title: Evan Felker

text: When Felker moved to Stillwater, Oklahoma in his twenties, he became interested in country music; his "heroes" were Cross Canadian Ragweed and Jason Boland. He and guitarist Ryan Engleman began playing as a two-man acoustic act and were joined by bass player R.C. Edwards two months later. Eventually, drummer Giovanni “Nooch” Carnuccio III and fiddler Kyle Nix joined, and formed the Turnpike Troubadours. The band later relocated to Tahlequah, Oklahoma.


title: Evan Felker

text: The Turnpike Troubadours announced they were taking a hiatus in May 2019, saying they would not perform "until a time we feel that everyone is of strong mind, body and spirit". In November 2021, the band announced its reunion. The band opened their return at Cains Ballroom in Oklahoma, the start of a series of sold out shows throughout 2022.


title: Evan Felker

text: Felker is a keen hunter, crediting his Oklahoma upbringing to bringing him into the culture. He is friends with country singer-songwriter Corb Lund, and the two have hunted together.


title: Evan Felker

text: Felker married accountant Staci Nelson in November 2016, in Barcelona, Spain. They split in February 2018 and were divorced that August.


title: Evan Felker

text: Before the Turnpike Troubadours went on hiatus, there were multiple reports of Felker appearing intoxicated during his performances, along with the band cancelling over a dozen shows. In an August 2020 interview with "Rolling Stone", Felker said he had found sobriety and was working on a ranch in Texas. He reconciled with Nelson, who revealed on her Instagram page that they had remarried in June 2020. They welcomed their first child, a daughter named Evangelina, in January 2021.


title: Dohány Street Synagogue

text: The Dohány Street Synagogue (; , "Bet ha-Knesset ha-Gadol shel Budapesht"), also known as the "Great Synagogue" or "Tabakgasse Synagogue", is a historical building in Erzsébetváros, the 7th district of Budapest, Hungary. It is the largest synagogue in Europe, seating 3,000 people and is a centre of Neolog Judaism.


title: Dohány Street Synagogue

text: The synagogue was built between 1854 and 1859 in the Moorish Revival style, with the decoration based chiefly on Islamic models from North Africa and medieval Spain (the Alhambra). The synagogue's Viennese architect, Ludwig Förster, believed that no distinctively Jewish architecture could be identified, and thus chose ""architectural forms that have been used by oriental ethnic groups that are related to the Israelite people, and in particular the Arabs"". The interior design is partly by Frigyes Feszl.


title: Dohány Street Synagogue

text: The Dohány Street Synagogue complex consists of the Great Synagogue, the Heroes' Temple, the graveyard, the Memorial, and the Jewish Museum, which was built on the site on which Theodor Herzl's house of birth stood. Dohány Street itself, a leafy street in the city center, carries strong Holocaust connotations as it constituted the border of the Budapest Ghetto.


title: Dohány Street Synagogue

text: Built in a residential area between 1854-1859 by the Jewish community of Pest according to the plans of Ludwig Förster, the monumental synagogue has a capacity of 2,964 seats (1,492 for men and 1,472 in the women's galleries), making it the largest in Europe and one of the largest working synagogues in the world (after the Beit Midrash of Ger in Jerusalem, the Belz Great Synagogue and Temple Emanu-el in New York City). The consecration of the synagogue took place on 6 September 1859.


title: Dohány Street Synagogue

text: The synagogue was bombed by the Hungarian pro-Nazi Arrow Cross Party on 3 February 1939. Used as a base for German Radio and also as a stable during World War II, the building suffered some severe damage from aerial raids during the Nazi Occupation but especially during the Siege of Budapest. During the Communist era, the damaged structure became again a prayer house for the much-diminished Jewish community. Its restoration and renovation started in 1991, financed by the state and by private donations, and was completed in 1998 (see below).


title: Dohány Street Synagogue

text: The building is long and wide. The style of the Dohány Street Synagogue is Moorish but its design also features a mixture of Byzantine, Romantic and Gothic elements. Two onion domes sit on the twin octagonal towers at height. A rose stained-glass window sits over the main entrance.


title: Dohány Street Synagogue

text: Similarly to basilicas, the building consists of three spacious richly decorated aisles, two balconies and, unusually, an organ. Its ark contains various Torah scrolls taken from other synagogues destroyed during the Holocaust.


title: Dohány Street Synagogue

text: The Central Synagogue in Manhattan, New York City is a near-exact copy of the Dohány Street Synagogue.


title: Dohány Street Synagogue

text: The Torah ark and the internal frescoes made of colored and golden geometric shapes are the works of the famous Hungarian romantic architect Frigyes Feszl. A single-span cast iron supports the nave. The seats on the ground-floor are for men, while the upper gallery, supported by steel ornamented poles, has seats for women. This synagogue is very different from other synagogues as it is the only one to have pipe organs and a cemetery.


title: Dohány Street Synagogue

text: Franz Liszt and Camille Saint-Saëns played the original 5,000-pipe organ built in 1859. A new mechanical organ with 63 voices and four manuals was built in 1996 by the German firm Jehmlich Orgelbau Dresden GmbH. One of the most important concerts in the Synagogue's history was in 2002, by the organ virtuoso Xaver Varnus. A crowd of 7,200 filled sanctuary seats and standing space some four hours before the concert to hear the artist’s virtuosity.


title: Dohány Street Synagogue

text: It was only in the 1990s, following the return to democracy in Hungary, that renovations could begin. The three-year program of reconstruction was initially funded by a US$5 million donation from the Hungarian government. Jewish Americans Estée Lauder and Tony Curtis contributed to the additional $20 million needed to complete the restoration in 1996.


title: Dohány Street Synagogue

text: The Hungarian Jewish Museum was constructed on the plot where Theodor Herzl's two-story Classicist style house stood, adjoining the Dohány synagogue. The Jewish Museum was built in 1930 in accordance with the synagogue's architectural style and attached in 1931 to the main building. It holds the "Jewish Religious and Historical Collection", a collection of religious relics of the Pest Hevrah Kaddishah (Jewish Burial Society), ritual objects of Shabbat and the High Holidays and a Holocaust room.


title: Dohány Street Synagogue

text: The arcade and the Heroes' Temple, which seats 250 people and is used for religious services on weekdays and during the winter time, was added to the Dohány Street Synagogue complex in 1931. The Heroes' Temple was designed by Lázlo Vágó and Ferenc Faragó and serves as a memorial to Hungarian Jews who gave their lives during World War I.


title: Dohány Street Synagogue

text: In 1944, the Dohány Street Synagogue was part of the Jewish Ghetto for the city Jews and served as shelter for many hundreds. Over two thousand of those who died in the ghetto from hunger and cold during the winter 1944-1945 are buried in the courtyard of the synagogue.


title: Dohány Street Synagogue

text: It is not customary to have a cemetery next to a synagogue (as Torah specifies that decedents are to be buried outside of city limits), and the establishment of the 3,000 m cemetery was only the result of historical circumstances. In 1944, as a part of the Eichmann-plan, 70,000 Jews were relocated to the Ghetto of Pest. Until 18 January 1945, when the Russians liberated the ghetto, around 8,000 to 10,000 people had died, although, one part of the deceased were transferred to the Kozma Street Cemetery, but 2,000 people were buried in the makeshift cemetery. In memory of those who had died, there is a memorial by the sculptor, Imre Varga, depicting a weeping willow with the names and tattoo numbers of the dead and disappeared just behind the Synagogue, in the Raoul Wallenberg Holocaust Memorial Park.


title: Dohány Street Synagogue

text: The Raoul Wallenberg Emlékpark (memory park) in the rear courtyard holds the "Memorial of the Hungarian Jewish Martyrs" — at least 400,000 Hungarian Jews were murdered by the Nazis. Made by Imre Varga, it resembles a weeping willow whose leaves bear inscriptions with the names of victims. There is also a memorial to Wallenberg and other Righteous Among the Nations, among them: Swiss Vice-consul Carl Lutz; Giorgio Perlasca, an Italian man who, with a strategic escamotage, declared himself the Spanish consul, releasing documents of protection and current passports to Jews in Budapest without distinction (he saved five thousand); Mons. Angelo Rotta, an Italian Prelate Bishop and Apostolic Nuncio of the State of Vatican City in Budapest, which issued protective sheets, misrepresentations of baptism (to save them from forced labor) and Vatican passports to Jews, without distinction of any kind present in Budapest (saving fifteen thousand), who saved, with his secretary Mons. Gennaro Verolino tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews during World War II. Carlos de Liz-Texeira Branquinho a Portuguese diplomat, serving as Portugal’s Chargé d'Affaires in Budapest in 1944, issued protective Passports to hundreds of Jewish families, altogether about 1,000 lives were saved due to his actions. Carlos Sampaio Garrido the Portuguese Ambassador who resisted the Hungarian political police when the police raided his home arresting his guests. The Ambassador physically resisted the police and was also arrested but managed to have his guests released by invoking the extraterritorial legal rights of diplomatic legations; five of the guests were members of the famous Gabor family.


title: Dohány Street Synagogue

text: Dohány means tobacco in Hungarian, a loan word from Ottoman Turkish دخان (duhân), itself borrowed from Arabic (duḫḫān). A similar Turkish loanword for tobacco is used throughout the Balkans (e.g., duhan in Bosnian).


title: Dohány Street Synagogue

text: Theodor Herzl in his speeches and the "Jewish Encyclopedia" referred to the Dohány Street Synagogue as the Tabakgasse Synagogue. The Dohány Street Synagogue is also known under the name of the "Tabak-Shul", the Yiddish translation of Dohány Synagogue.


title: Dohány Street Synagogue

text: On 23 October 2012, an Israeli flag was burned in front of a Budapest synagogue, reportedly by members of Jobbik, an ultranationalist Hungarian political party.


title: Lonicera japonica

text: Lonicera japonica, known as Japanese honeysuckle and golden-and-silver honeysuckle, is a species of honeysuckle native to eastern Asia. It is often grown as an ornamental plant, but has become an invasive species in a number of countries. Japanese honeysuckle is used in traditional Chinese medicine.


title: Lonicera japonica

text: "Lonicera japonica" is a twining vine able to climb up to high or more in trees, with opposite, simple oval leaves long and broad. When its stems are young, they are slightly red in color and may be fuzzy. Older stems are brown with peeling bark, and are often hollow on the inside. The flowers are double-tongued, opening white and fading to yellow, and sweetly vanilla scented. The fruit, which is produced in fall, is a black spherical berry diameter containing a few seeds. While the nectar from the flowers can be safely consumed by humans, all other parts of the plant have the potential to be toxic.


title: Lonicera japonica

text: Even though it is a highly invasive and destructive plant, this species is often sold by American nurseries as the cultivar 'Hall's Prolific' ("Lonicera japonica" var. "halliana"), and in the UK as the cultivar 'Halliana'. The cultivar is also known as Hall's Japanese honeysuckle. It is an effective groundcover and has strong-smelling flowers. It can be cultivated by seed, cuttings, or layering. In addition, it will spread itself via shoots if given enough space to grow. The variety "L. japonica" var. "repens" has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.


title: Lonicera japonica

text: Japanese honeysuckle flowers are edible to humans and appreciated for their sweet-tasting nectar. The flowers can also be a significant source of food for deer, rabbits, hummingbirds, and other wildlife.


title: Lonicera japonica

text: In traditional Chinese medicine, "Lonicera japonica" is called "rěn dōng téng" (); literally "winter enduring vine") or "jīn yín huā" (; literally "gold-silver flower," in reference to the presence of flowers of different age on the same plant as each flower change from white (silver) to yellow (gold)). Alternative Chinese names include "er hua" (二花) and "shuang hua" (雙花), meaning "double-[color] flowers".


title: Lonicera japonica

text: The dried leaves and flowers (Flos Lonicerae Japonicae) are employed in traditional Chinese medicine, where they are believed to be of use to treat fever, cold-related headache, cough, thirst, certain inflammation including sore throat, skin infection, and tumor necrosis.


title: Lonicera japonica

text: The antiviral action of loniflavone, a compound found in "Lonicera japonica", has been investigated in computational studies, in which the ability of this compound to bind with high affinity to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated, an early step towards drug development for the disease caused by that virus.


title: Lonicera japonica

text: Japanese honeysuckle has become naturalized in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Mexico, New Zealand, and much of the US, including Hawaii, as well as a number of Pacific and Caribbean islands. It is classified as a noxious weed in Texas, Illinois, and Virginia, and is banned in Indiana and New Hampshire. It is listed on the New Zealand National Pest Plant Accord as an unwanted organism.


title: Lonicera japonica

text: "Lonicera japonica" was initially brought to the United States from Japan in the early 1900s as an ornamental plant. It is still deliberately planted in the United States for reasons such as erosion control or forage for deer, but has become invasive in many areas. It prefers to invade areas that have been disturbed, such as roadsides or floodplains. It will generally only invade forests when the canopy has been opened by logging or fallen trees, as it grows less vigorously in the shade. Once it has invaded an area, "Lonicera japonica" grows rapidly and outcompetes native plants for sunlight and nutrients. It proliferates using both sexual and vegetative reproduction, producing seeds that are spread by animals and expanding locally via rhizomes. Eventually, it will form a dense thicket which prevents other plant species from germinating in that area. Due to its suppression of germination in the understory, "Lonicera japonica" also prevents the regeneration of trees.


title: Lonicera japonica

text: Management of invasive "Lonicera japonica" has been achieved through a variety of means. Small patches can be removed by hand, or using simple digging tools, but all plant parts including roots and rhizomes must be removed to prevent resprouting. Larger patches can be removed through repeated mowing, but application of herbicide is also recommended to prevent regrowth. There has been some study of using controlled burns to remove "Lonicera japonica", but the underground portion of the plant is usually able to survive and resprout, limiting the effectiveness of this method. Browsing by herbivores may limit its growth, but is unlikely to fully eliminate it. There is currently no known biological control for "Lonicera japonica".


title: Lonicera japonica

text: "Lonicera japonica" contains methyl caffeate, 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, methyl 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinate, protocatechuic acid, methyl chlorogenic acid, and luteolin. The two biflavonoids, 3′-O-methyl loniflavone and loniflavone, along with luteolin and chrysin, can be isolated from the leaves. Other phenolic compounds present in the plant are hyperoside, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid. The two secoiridoid glycosides, loniceracetalides A and B, can be isolated, together with 10 known iridoid glycosides, from the flower buds. The plant also contains the saponins loniceroside A and B and the antiinflammatory loniceroside C.


title: My Darkest Days

text: My Darkest Days was a Canadian rock band based in Peterborough, Ontario, consisting of lead singer Matt Walst, bassist Brendan McMillan, drummer Doug Oliver, and keyboardist Reid Henry. They were discovered by Chad Kroeger of Nickelback, who signed them to his record label, 604 Records. They are best known for their 2010 single "Porn Star Dancing".


title: My Darkest Days

text: In June 2010 the band went on tour with Sick Puppies, Janus, and It's Alive, and shot the video for "Porn Star Dancing" in Las Vegas. In August 2010, they toured with Trapt, Skillet, and Papa Roach. Chad Kroeger appears and sings in the "Porn Star Dancing" video, as does American rapper Ludacris (in the extended version only) and Black Label Society frontman Zakk Wylde, playing lead guitar for the single. Matt Walst is currently the lead vocalist of his brother Brad's band Three Days Grace.


title: My Darkest Days

text: The band was founded by Matt Walst in 2005, who was born in Norwood, Ontario, and whose older brother, Brad Walst, is the bassist for Canadian rock band, Three Days Grace. Instead of playing in his brother's band, Matt decided to form one of his own with his friends Brendan McMillan on bass guitar, Doug Oliver on drums, and Chris McMillan on lead guitar. The talented Chris McMillan left the band and became an electrician being replaced by Paulo Neta. In 2009, a friend introduced Walst to Toronto-based singer/guitarist Sal Costa, who later became the band's guitarist, replacing Paulo Neta, who became the guitarist for Thornley and eventually Big Wreck. However, the departure of Sal was confirmed on the website in a post dated January 9, 2013. My Darkest Days has opened for many bands, including Three Days Grace, Default, Theory of a Deadman, Skillet, Papa Roach, Nickelback, and Hinder.


title: My Darkest Days

text: My Darkest Days won a contest called Rock Search put on by 97.7 HTZ FM in St. Catharines, Ontario in 2008 with "Every Lie". This gave them time in a recording studio publicity in Niagara, Ontario. It gave the band money to tour for a year as well.


title: My Darkest Days

text: When Chad Kroeger heard My Darkest Days' music, he was so impressed he immediately signed them to his record label. Matt Walst gave Chad Kroeger their demo while touring together. The first song they wrote after being signed was "Porn Star Dancing", which became their first single. Kroeger decided he wanted to be featured on it, along with a friend of his, Zakk Wylde, lead vocalist and lead guitarist for Black Label Society and a former guitarist for Ozzy Osbourne. Kroeger and Wylde both appear in the video, which was filmed at the Hard Rock Las Vegas "Vanity" nightclub. A remix of the single was also released which featured Atlanta rapper Ludacris.


title: My Darkest Days

text: On their official Facebook page, My Darkest Days announced their debut self-titled album was to be released on September 21, 2010. On the album, the song "Set It on Fire" features Australian singer/guitarist Orianthi on lead guitar, known from her work with Steve Vai, Carlos Santana, and Michael Jackson. Also on the album is a collaboration with country-pop singer Jessie James, on the Duran Duran cover "Come Undone".


title: My Darkest Days

text: My Darkest Days was named the "Best New Band of 2010" by hardDriveXL after hitting the No. 1 spot on "Billboard's" Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks ranking, as well as No. 1 on FMQB's Active Rock list.


title: My Darkest Days

text: My Darkest Days' first major-label single, "Porn Star Dancing", went gold in Canada and in the United States.


title: My Darkest Days

text: In March 2011, My Darkest Days was involved in a bus accident where their Bandwagon RV style bus flipped and fell into a ditch in rural Idaho. No major injuries were incurred, but drummer Doug Oliver suffered a sprained ankle and the band missed one tour date in Boise with Three Days Grace. It was announced on their Facebook page that they will be entering the studio in October 2011 with Joey Moi of Mountain View Records to start writing new material for their next album.


title: My Darkest Days

text: The lead single from their second studio album, "Casual Sex", was released to iTunes on January 17, 2012, and was sent to Canadian rock radios on January 13, 2012. Their second album, "Sick and Twisted Affair", was released on March 26, 2012. It features the singles, "Casual Sex" and "Sick And Twisted Affair".


title: My Darkest Days

text: My Darkest Days went on tour with Nickelback, Bush, and Seether in April 2012. They were a part of Nickelback's "Here and Now" 2012 World Tour. "Save Yourself", taken from Sick and Twisted Affair, was featured on the soundtrack for the hockey video game, "NHL 13".


title: My Darkest Days

text: Following frontman Adam Gontier's departure from Three Days Grace in 2013, Matt Walst was brought on as their replacement lead vocalist for their tour, and was later made the permanent lead singer of the band.


title: My Darkest Days

text: Former guitarist Sal Costa formed and fronted the band Smashing Satellites in 2014. Since then, the band has released two EPs and a full album and standalone single as of 2016.


title: My Darkest Days

text: While Walst has been busy with Three Days Grace, MDD bandmates started up side projects of their own. In 2013, Doug Oliver started Cold Creek County, a country music group, with Brandon Scott out of Brighton, Ontario. Reid Henry & Brendan McMillan started a band called "Deadset Society" touring across the US. Their song "Like a Nightmare" reached number 2 on SXM Octane channel and US/Canadian terrestrial Active Rock stations.


title: My Darkest Days

text: In May 2019, following a split in the band, three members of Deadset Society released three singles under a new band name "Tense Machine". The lineup features Dane Hartsell on lead vocals and guitar, Brendan McMillan on bass and Mike Langford on drums and production. Their first single "Best Mistake" reached top 50 at US Active Rock Radio and has over 250,000 streams. In May 2020, the band released a full-length album titled "Echoes", with close to one million online streams.


title: My Darkest Days

text: In June 2020, Reid Henry launched a solo project with his debut single "Monster" garnering US Active Rock radio play and hundreds of thousands of streams worldwide. In December 2020, Reid launched his second solo single, "The Blind".


title: My Darkest Days

text: In spite of their extended hiatus, My Darkest Days still maintains an active Facebook page as of September 2021.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: The National Capital Region (), also referred to as Canada's Capital Region and Ottawa–Gatineau (formerly "Ottawa–Hull"), is an official federal designation for the Canadian capital of Ottawa, Ontario, the neighbouring city of Gatineau, Quebec, and surrounding suburban and exurban communities. The term National Capital Region is often used to describe the Ottawa–Gatineau metropolitan area, although the official boundaries of the NCR do not correspond to the statistical metropolitan area.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: Unlike capital districts in some other federal countries, such as the District of Columbia in the United States, the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India or the Australian Capital Territory in Australia, the National Capital Region is not a separate political or administrative entity. Its component parts are within the provinces of Ontario and Quebec.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: Defined by the National Capital Act (1985), the National Capital Region consists of an area of that straddles the Ottawa River, which serves as the boundary between the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. This area is smaller than that of the Ottawa–Gatineau census metropolitan area (CMA), which is in size. Ottawa–Gatineau is the only CMA in the nation to fall within two provinces.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: The Algonquins are indigenous to Ottawa-Gatineau. The first European settlement in the region was led by Philemon Wright, a New Englander from Woburn, Massachusetts who, on March 7, 1800, arrived with his own and five other families along with twenty-five labourers to start an agricultural community on the north bank of the Ottawa River (Hull, Quebec) at the portage to the Chaudière Falls.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: Ottawa is located in the sub-region of Southern Ontario called Eastern Ontario. Gatineau is located in southwestern Quebec. Although overall Ontario is west of Quebec, the boundary in this region is situated in such a way that Gatineau is north of Ottawa, and northwest of the city centre.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: The National Capital Region is situated close to where the Canadian shield and the Saint Lawrence Lowlands intersect. The area has several major fault lines and small earthquakes do occur somewhat regularly, including the 2010 Central Canada earthquake that occurred in Quebec. The Gatineau Hills are the foothills of the Laurentian Mountains and located in the region.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: The National Capital Region experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen "Dfb"), with four distinct seasons and is between Zones 5a and 5b on the Canadian Plant Hardiness Scale. In Ottawa, the average July maximum temperature is 26.6 °C (80 °F). The average January minimum temperature is −14.4 °C (6.1 °F). In Gatineau, the average July maximum is 26 °C (78.8 °F) while the average January minimum temperature is −15 °C (5 °F).


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: The National Capital Commission (NCC) is a corporation that was established by the federal government in 1959 to oversee federal buildings and land in the federally designated National Capital Region (NCR). Although the NCR is not a separate political jurisdiction, the NCC has a mandate and mission to build the NCR into a source of pride and unity for Canadians through involvement in political, cultural, and land use planning matters that are typically powers reserved for the provincial government under the Constitution of Canada. In the Supreme Court of Canada case of "Munro v. National Capital Commission", it was decided the NCC had the power to be involved in matters relating to zoning in the NCR.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: In 2006, the NCC completed work on the long-discussed Confederation Boulevard, a ceremonial route linking key attractions in the NCR on both sides of the Ottawa River.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: The NCC reports to Parliament through the Minister of Heritage, and is governed by the National Capital Act. Its headquarters are in the Chambers Building on Elgin Street, between Queen and Sparks Streets.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: The NCR has numerous attractions, including world-famous festivals, national museums, famous buildings and architecture, sports, and entertainment. Ottawa has some of the best examples of Gothic Revival architecture in North America.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: These include the annual music festival Bluesfest, the world-renowned winter festival Winterlude, the Canadian Tulip Festival, Capital Pride, RCMP musical ride, Gatineau Hot Air Balloon Festival, Buskers festival, and the biggest Canada Day celebrations in the nation.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: Ottawa and Gatineau have a number of national museums. The most prominent museums are the Canadian Museum of History, Canadian War Museum, Canadian Museum of Nature, Canada Science and Technology Museum, National Art Gallery, and Canada Aviation Museum. Some of the region's most famous buildings are the Parliament Hill, the Prime Minister's home 24 Sussex Drive, the Governor General's home Rideau Hall, the Canadian Museum of History, the National Gallery of Canada, the Supreme Court of Canada, the Royal Canadian Mint, the American Embassy, and the National Library.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: There are 29 National Historic Sites of Canada within the National Capital Region: 25 sites are located in Ottawa, with the "Former Almonte Post Office" and "Rosamond Woollen Mill" in Almonte, the "Gillies Grove and House" in Arnprior, the "Manoir Papineau" in Montebello and the "Symmes Hotel" in the Aylmer sector of Gatineau.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: The National Capital Region has many sports teams. The Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League play in the City of Ottawa's western suburb of Kanata. The Ottawa Redblacks are members of the Canadian Football League. Atlético Ottawa play in soccer's Canadian Premier League. Ottawa is also home to the Ontario Hockey League club, the Ottawa 67's. Gatineau is home to the 2007-2008 QMJHL, Gatineau Olympiques.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: The Ottawa area has three universities, two of which, Carleton University and the University of Ottawa, compete in U Sports. The Carleton Ravens are regularly ranked No. 1 in men's basketball, and the Ottawa Gee-Gees are nationally ranked in football and basketball. Algonquin College has also won numerous national championships.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: During the decade of the 1990-2000, Ottawa was home to several very successful tech companies, including Nortel Networks, JDS Uniphase, and Newbridge Networks. High-tech employment doubled in five years to reach 80,000 by 2001. With Nortel failing to meet high earnings expectations and layoffs starting in 2002 in the wake of the dot-com bubble, the company started to decline, a devastating shock to the tech industry in Ottawa. Others described it as an 'anchor' for the industry in Ottawa, and an 'incubator' and that without it the Ottawa high-tech industry could not sustain itself. By the mid 2000, other Canadian regions were competing for the title of Silicon Valley North. The term was being adopted to refer to the area between Toronto and Kitchener-Waterloo, which is home to Research in Motion (BlackBerry), and offices for Google, Adobe Inc., and Microsoft. With companies such as Shopify, Halogen Software, and Kinaxis Inc, all headquartered in Ottawa, as well as over 1,700 other technology companies, Ottawa still has a significant high-tech presence today.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: The 417 is Ottawa's major east-west commuter expressway. It begins at the Ontario-Quebec border (continuing the route of Quebec Autoroute 40), reaches the urban portion of Ottawa at the 417-174 split, bisects the urban area, and continues westward to just beyond the city boundary where it gives way to Highway 17 in Renfrew County.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: The 416 starts at the 401 near the Ogdensburg-Prescott International Bridge and continues north for 75 km until it ends at the 417 in Ottawa's west end.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: The freeway section of Highway 7 branches off the 417 in Ottawa's west end near Stittsville and is currently undergoing a 4-lane expansion to reach the eastern fringe of Carleton Place at McNeely Avenue. As of July 2011, the expansion was complete through to Ashton Station Road.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: Public transportation is handled by OC Transpo on the Ontario side, and the STO on the Quebec side. Together they serve a population over 1,130,761 and have an estimated annual ridership of over 113.2 million.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: OC Transpo operates a light rail transit (LRT) system named the O-Train with two lines in operation. The O-Train Trillium Line is a north-south line using diesel-powered units and has just over 2 million riders per year. The Confederation Line links the western suburbs and the eastern suburbs via downtown, and uses electrically powered light-rail vehicles. The Confederation Line is currently 12.5 km long with 13 stations, 3 of which are underground in downtown Ottawa. There is a proposed LRT system in Gatineau that would connect with the Confederation and Trillium Lines in Ottawa.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: OC Transpo has about 1,050 buses which run on city streets and an expansive Transitway. The STO has around 300 buses that serve the Quebec side of the Ottawa River, some routes crossing into downtown Ottawa.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport is the main international airport serving the Capital Region. It handled over 4.2 million passengers in 2009, making it Canada's 6th busiest air facility and the 2nd busiest airport in Ontario. It offers non-stop flights to and from destinations in Canada, the United States, Caribbean and Europe. It is part of the three busiest air routes in the nation, with hourly flights to/from Montreal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport and Toronto Pearson International Airport.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: The NCR uses area codes 613 and 343 on the Ontario side of the Ottawa River, while on the Quebec side 819 and 873 are used.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: Although each region has different area codes, the pre-merger territories of Ottawa and Hull are a single local calling area. Previously, Ottawa and Hull also had exchange protection in place to preserve seven-digit dialling between the two cities, implemented in such a way that if a number was in use in Ottawa the equivalent 819 number could not be assigned anywhere in western Quebec. Similarly, the 613 equivalent of a number used in Hull could not be assigned anywhere in eastern Ontario. This is no longer the case, as ten-digit local dialling has been in place since 2006. The sole legacy of the old system is a "dual dialability" system for federal government numbers on both sides of the provincial border; all federal government offices on the Quebec side duplicated several exchanges worth of their counterparts on the Ontario side.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: There are three main daily local newspapers printed in Ottawa: two English newspapers, the "Ottawa Citizen" and the "Ottawa Sun", with 550,777 and 238,584 weekly circulation respectively, and one French newspaper, "Le Droit" with 204,947 weekly circulation.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: Most of the National Capital Region is recognized as a bilingual region for federal language-of-work purposes.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: In addition, the City of Ottawa has a bilingualism policy, but is not declared "officially bilingual" (which would require amendments to the provincial law). About 19% of the population of the City of Ottawa has French as their first language, while 40% of the total population of the city declares itself fluent in both languages.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: The National Capital Region includes the English-speaking (Ottawa) and French-speaking (Gatineau) cores. The metro region has a bilingual population of 496,025, an English-only population of 507,175, and a French-only population of 102,375.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Ottawa - Gatineau CMA recorded a population of 1,323,783 living in 535,499 of its 571,146 total private dwellings, a change of from its revised 2011 population of 1,254,919. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.


title: National Capital Region (Canada)

text: Proposals have sometimes been made to separate the National Capital Region from its two respective provinces, and transform it into a separate capital district, like the District of Columbia in the United States or the Australian Capital Territory; however, the proposal has never come close to fruition and there is no such movement currently active. The proposal historically tended to be more common when the sovereigntist Parti Québécois held power in Quebec, owing in part to the Hull/Gatineau area's more strongly federalist orientation, but any prospect of the federal government ever supporting the proposal virtually disappeared following the 1995 Quebec referendum, which would have been narrowly won by the Yes side if the solidly federalist vote in the Hull/Gatineau region had been excluded.


title: Dantian

text: Dantian, dan t'ian, dan tien or tan t'ien is loosely translated as "elixir field", "sea of qi", or simply "energy center". Dantian are the "qi focus flow centers", important focal points for meditative and exercise techniques such as qigong, martial arts such as t'ai chi ch'uan, and in traditional Chinese medicine.