title: Glenn Miller Orchestra

text: He would say, "You fellas do this, and you fellas do that, and let's hear it once." And then, "We're gonna cut from this spot to this spot in the arrangement, and in here we're gonna put a trumpet solo. And in this spot and this spot we're gonna cut way down here and we're gonna have the two saxophones have a little battle in there," and decided to make cuts. And then at the end, Alice [Winkler, the interviewer], if you know the arrangement, at the end there are all those false endings that go on, and it kept getting softer and softer until Glenn would give the drummer a cue and he would hit the cowbell and then we would know that the next time we were to come on very loud. And the dancers just loved it. He tried it out on the dances at the Glen Island Casino, and they loved it. They couldn't figure out how we knew when to come in loud. But, you know, I told them, "Well, we have a sixth sense of that sort of thing." But actually, what happened is the drummer hit the cowbell, and we knew the next time was loud. And this was all Glenn's doing.


title: Glenn Miller Orchestra

text: On February 5, 1940, Miller recorded "Tuxedo Junction", which hit number one and reportedly sold 115,000 copies within the first week of release, and placed 7th overall for the National Hit Parade that year. Bob Eberly said that it "sold 90,000 copies in the first week, at a time when 25,000 was considered a great seller". In April, the band chant track "Pennsylvania 6-5000", referencing the phone number for the Hotel Pennsylvania, which housed the Café Rouge, a common engagement and broadcasting spot for the band, was released and it too became an instant swing standard.


title: Glenn Miller Orchestra

text: On January 1, 1941, following tensions regarding licensing fees, radio networks banned ASCAP songs from live performance. Miller had to work to reform his radio programs for BMI published tunes, temporarily switching his theme to "Slumber Song". In early 1941, Marion Hutton left the band to go on maternity leave. In the meantime, Miller needed an additional female vocalist, and he offered Dorothy Claire, then with Bobby Byrne's band, twice her salary. Claire went to work for Miller, despite her signature on a three-year contract with Byrne in November 1940, and Miller ignored Byrne's wishes for compensation. Byrne then launched a $25,000 lawsuit against the Miller orchestra's business dealings. Miller met with Byrne in Columbus, Ohio sometime in early March and settled the dispute – Claire went back to working with Byrne's band. Miller soon hired The Modernaires from Paul Whiteman, who was disbanding his orchestra. Still in need of a female vocalist, the wife of Modernaire Hal Dickinson, Paula Kelly, who had sung previously with Al Donahue, stepped up to fill in the role. The signing of the Modernaires significantly benefitted the Miller organization. Hip and popular with young listeners, the Modernaires' vocal range added a new dimension to Miller's recordings.


title: Glenn Miller Orchestra

text: In late March, Miller and his orchestra began work on their first motion picture, "Sun Valley Serenade". Previously, "swing films" such as "Hollywood Hotel" with Benny Goodman's orchestra had only featured bands for song performances; Miller reportedly insisted, perhaps even to the extent of contract clauses, that the plot of "Sun Valley" revolve around the band rather than only feature them. Harry Warren and Mack Gordon were commissioned to write songs for the film. The Miller band filmed and recorded an extended song-and-dance number featuring the Nicholas Brothers for what was soon to be its biggest selling record, surprise hit "Chattanooga Choo Choo". Despite criticism of the plot, "Sun Valley Serenade" was received with general positivity from critics, and Miller earned praise for his band's role in the film, with Barry Ulanov writing for Metronome:


title: Glenn Miller Orchestra

text: Miller comes across as a convincing band leader, and, even more important, a convincing human being in this film. He’s on mostly for music, but most of the film is music and the dozen or so reels are a better showcase for the Glenn Miller band than they are for the Sonja Henie torso and limbs, with and without skates. Never has a movie made more of a popular band and never has a movie featuring such an organization presented its music so tastefully... Pictorially, Trigger Alpert and Maurice Purtill take the honors. Trigger hops around like mad and Maurice looks like the movies’ idea of a swing drummer, all right. They stay within the bounds of good taste, however ... the story is believable, and happily centers around the band, so that the whole thing is a triumph for Glenn Miller and the band.


title: Glenn Miller Orchestra

text: In October, ASCAP and the radio networks agreed on a new rate, and the band could finally play "Chattanooga" and their other songs on radio. W. Wallace Early, the manager of record sales for RCA Victor and Bluebird Records, presented the first ever gold record to Miller on February 10, 1942, saying:


title: Glenn Miller Orchestra

text: It's a pleasure to be here tonight. And speaking of RCA Victor, we're mighty proud of that Chattanooga Choo Choo, and the man that made the record, Glenn Miller. You see it's been a long time – 15 years in fact – since any record has sold a million copies. And "Chattanooga Choo Choo" certainly put on steam and breezed right through that million mark by over 200,000 pressings. And we decided that Glenn should get a trophy. The best one we could think of is a gold record of "Chattanooga". And now Glenn, it's yours – with the best wishes of RCA Victor Bluebird Records.


title: Glenn Miller Orchestra

text: After the Pearl Harbor attack, Miller began incorporating more patriotic themes into his radio shows and recordings.


title: Glenn Miller Orchestra

text: In early 1942, the band was upgraded from Bluebird to full-price Victor Records. Following very closely in the footsteps of its predecessor, the Miller band started work on their second film, "Orchestra Wives" in March. Once again, Gordon and Warren were recalled to compose the songs. The previous year, both had composed "At Last" but couldn't place it into "Sun Valley Serenade" vocally, although it appears in the film in three different instrumental versions. The song was arranged by Jerry Gray in a vocal version, and it was displayed prominently in "Orchestra Wives". It became a standard when recorded by Glenn Miller orchestra alumnus Ray Anthony in 1951 in a version that reached no. 2 on the "Billboard" pop singles chart. Etta James released a popular version in 1961 that added to the iconic status of the song. Akin to "Chattanooga", "(I've Got a Gal In) Kalamazoo" was filmed as a song and dance number featuring the Nicholas Brothers and also sold a million pressings, with "Billboard" ranking it among the most popular records of the year.


title: Glenn Miller Orchestra

text: In mid–July, Miller and the band recorded thirteen sides, as James Petrillo, chief of the musicians' union, embarked on a 28-month recording ban. The strike prevented Miller from making additional records in his career, although Victor slowly released the last set of tracks, with "That Old Black Magic" hitting number one in May 1943, over eight months after his band ceased to exist.


title: Glenn Miller Orchestra

text: Miller began privately sending letters to the Armed Forces in attempts to lead a modern military band. Accepted into the United States Navy and later transferred to the Army Air Forces, in early September he broke the news to the band and later that month they played their last radio shows. Miller surrendered his Chesterfield radio slot to Harry James.


title: Glenn Miller Orchestra

text: Radio played a pivotal role in the success of Miller and His Orchestra. Featured heavily on the format during their existence, many of their earlier programs from such venues as the Paradise Restaurant, Glen Island and the Meadowbrook Ballroom used remote connections to the National Broadcasting Company, on both "NBC–Red" and "NBC–Blue".


title: Glenn Miller Orchestra

text: The makers of Chesterfield Cigarettes hosted a half-hour radio show on CBS that featured "King of Jazz" Paul Whiteman. Whiteman decided to retire and recommended Glenn as a replacement. On December 27, 1939, Miller took over the program as "Chesterfield Moonlight Serenade". During the first 13 weeks, The Andrews Sisters were featured as "Chesterfield" were worried over whether Miller could sustain his popularity. Their fear subsided, and the program, reformatted for 15 minutes, aired Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday nights at 10:15pm. Miller and his band held the slot until their disbandment in 1942.


title: Glenn Miller Orchestra

text: In 1940, the band broadcast from the first time from the Café Rouge at the Hotel Pennsylvania, soon to become a regular booking and a host of long-term engagements. By then, the Miller band had several NBC sustaining broadcasts in addition to three CBS programs, reaching American homes 6–7 days a week. In August, Miller's orchestra had an hour-long program on NBC–Blue, "Glenn Miller's Sunset Serenade" featuring prizes Miller paid for out-of-pocket. A review in "Billboard" commented, "Unusual length of the program allows Miller to display all the top items in his library."


title: Glenn Miller Orchestra

text: According to Paul Albone, of the 121 singles by Glenn Miller and His Orchestra that made the charts, 69 were Top Ten hits, and 16 reached number-one. In just a 4-year career, Miller and His Orchestra's songs spent a cumulative total of 664 weeks, nearly thirteen years, on the charts, 79 of which were at the number-one position. Miller also has the distinction of three posthumous albums reaching number-one on "Billboard" charts: "Glenn Miller" in 1945, its follow-up in 1947, and his original recordings repackaged for the release of "The Glenn Miller Story" in 1954.


title: Wisconsin glaciation

text: The Wisconsin Glacial Episode, also called the Wisconsin glaciation, was the most recent glacial period of the North American ice sheet complex. This advance included the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, which nucleated in the northern North American Cordillera; the Innuitian ice sheet, which extended across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago; the Greenland ice sheet; and the massive Laurentide Ice Sheet, which covered the high latitudes of central and eastern North America. This advance was synchronous with global glaciation during the last glacial period, including the North American alpine glacier advance, known as the Pinedale glaciation. The Wisconsin glaciation extended from approximately 75,000 to 11,000 years ago, between the Sangamonian Stage and the current interglacial, the Holocene. The maximum ice extent occurred approximately 25,000–21,000 years ago during the last glacial maximum, also known as the "Late Wisconsin" in North America.


title: Wisconsin glaciation

text: This glaciation radically altered the geography north of the Ohio River. At the height of the Wisconsin Episode glaciation, the ice sheet covered most of Canada, the Upper Midwest, and New England, as well as parts of Idaho, Montana, and Washington. On Kelleys Island in Lake Erie, northern New Jersey and in New York City's Central Park, the grooves left in rock by these glaciers can be easily observed. In southwestern Saskatchewan and southeastern Alberta a suture zone between the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets formed the Cypress Hills, North America's northernmost point that remained south of the continental ice sheets. During much of the glaciation, sea level was low enough to permit land animals, including humans, to occupy Beringia (the Bering Land Bridge) and move between North America and Siberia. As the glaciers retreated, glacial lakes were breached in great floods of water such as the Kankakee Torrent, which reshaped the landscape south of modern Chicago as far as the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.


title: Wisconsin glaciation

text: Two related movements have been termed Wisconsin: Early Wisconsin and Late Wisconsin. The Early Wisconsin was the bigger of the two and extend farther west and south. It retreated an unknown distance before halting. During this period of quiet, the glacial deposits were eroded and weathered. This first Wisconsin period erased all the Illinoian glacial topography that extended over. The Late Wisconsin ice sheet extended more towards the west than the earlier movements. This may have been due to changes in the accumulation center of the ice sheet, topographic changes introduced by the Early phase or by pressure changes in the ice mass in the north.


title: Wisconsin glaciation

text: The Labrador Ice Sheet centered east of Hudson Bay. Expanding towards the southwest, it reached into the eastern edge of Manitoba and across the Great Lakes to the Ohio River, upwards of from its source. Its eastern lobes covered New England and reached south to Cape Cod and Long Island, New York.


title: Wisconsin glaciation

text: The Keewatin Ice Sheet began west of Hudson Bay in the Canadian Territory of Keewatin. The ice moved south some into Kansas and Missouri. To the west, it reached to the foothills of the Rocky Mountains.


title: Wisconsin glaciation

text: The Cordilleran Ice Sheet has left remnants throughout the Northern Rocky Mountains. Unlike the other two ice sheets, this one is mountain based covering British Columbia and reaching into northern Washington State and Montana. The Cordilleran Ice Sheet has more of an Alpine style of many glaciers merged into a whole. The striations made by the ice field in moving over the bedrock show that it moved principally to the west through the passes of the coast range.


title: Wisconsin glaciation

text: Whenever the ice sheet melted from the north at a moraine, water would begin to pond in the divide between a moraine and the ice front. The ice would act as a dam as water could not drain through the ice sheet, which in the Wisconsin period covered most of the proglacial river valleys. Numerous small, isolated water bodies formed between the moraine and the ice front. As the ice sheet would continue to melt and recede northward, these ponds combined into proglacial lakes. In areas without an available outlet, the water levels would either continue to rise until reaching one or more low spots along the rim of a moraine, or the ice sheet would retreat, opening access to a lower portion of the moraine. Multiple outlets could form through low spots too until one would become dominant after erosion lowered both the outlet and lake surface.


title: Wisconsin glaciation

text: Ice melt and rainfall carried large quantities of clay, sand, and gravel from the ice mass. Clays could be moved long distances by moving water, while sand and gravel could not. Thus, sand and gravel landforms developed along the sides and front of the ice sheet; elongated accumulations of this material are known as kames. Mounds along the frontal edge of the ice are called moraines. Wherever a subglacial tunnel began infilling, long winding formations known as eskers would form. The sweeping plain of sand and gravel beyond the ice margin and a terminal moraine is called an outwash plain . The materials left under the glacier when it melts back is called the ground moraine or till plain. Till is highly permeable and creates a large ground reserve for water. This formation is highly desirable for human economic development as a source of water.


title: Wisconsin glaciation

text: Prehistoric human migration was likely greatly influenced by this last glacial period, as during much of the Wisconsin era, the formation of a land bridge known as Beringia across the Bering Strait is believed to have allowed human occupation of this area which provided potential access for some of the first humans to move between North America and Siberia in Asia (see Settlement of the Americas). Other human migration routes also opened during interglacial periods in both Europe and Asia.


title: Wisconsin glaciation

text: North American flora and fauna species were distributed quite differently during the Wisconsin era, due to altered temperatures, surface water distribution, and in some cases coverage of earth surface by glaciers. A number of scientific studies have been conducted to determine species distribution, particularly during the Late Wisconsin and early to mid-Holocene. An example of findings is from the investigation of flora species using pollen core samples in present-day northern Arizona. Here in the Waterman Hills researchers found that "Juniperus osteosperma" and "Pinus monophylla" were early to mid-Holocene dominant trees, while "Monardella arizonica" has been a continuously present understory plant. "Celtis reticulata" is an example of a plant present in the early Holocene following Wisconsin glacial retreat, a species no longer present at the Waterman Mountains site.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: Dalton is a city and the county seat of Whitfield County, Georgia, United States. It is also the principal city of the Dalton Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Murray and Whitfield counties.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 33,128 people, with the total metropolitan area having a population of 142,227. Dalton is located just off Interstate 75 in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains in northwest Georgia and is the second-largest city in northwest Georgia, after Rome.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: Dalton is home to many of the nation's floor-covering manufacturers, primarily those producing carpet, rugs, and vinyl flooring. It is home to the Dalton Convention Center, which showcases the Georgia Athletic Coaches' Hall of Fame and hosts a variety of events.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: Dalton is located at (34.771088, -84.971553). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (0.10%) is water.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: As of the 2020 United States census, there were 34,417 people, 11,305 households, and 7,470 families residing in the city.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: According to the 2010 census Dalton had a population of 33,128 living in 11,337 households. The racial and ethnic composition of the population was 42.4% non-Hispanic white, 22.6% Hispanic, 6.4% black, 0.6% Native American, 2.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.1% non-Hispanic reporting some other race, 22.2% Hispanic reporting some other race and 3.2% reporting two or more races. 48.0% of the population was Hispanic or Latino.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: According to the census estimate of 2006, there were 33,604 people, 10,689 households, and 8,511 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 11,229 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 20% White, 22% Black (U.S. Census), 1% Native American, 1% Asian, 1% Pacific Islander, 21.15% from other races, and 6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 50% of the population.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: There were 9,689 households, out of which 34.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.9% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.8% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81, and the average family size was 3.43.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 18, 12.0% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.6 males.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: The median income for a household in the city was $34,312, and the median income for a family was $41,111. Males had a median income of $28,158 versus $23,701 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,575. About 11.9% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.0% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those aged 65 or over. After the lay-offs companies like Mohawk Industries paid workers with twenty years seniority a "small severance package." Unlike other developed countries, the United States lags behind significantly "in providing support for families who lose their jobs."


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: In the 1990s, Mexicans began to immigrate to Dalton to work at carpet factories. By 2010, 48% of Dalton's 33,000 residents were Latino, comprising a plurality of all residents. During the late 1980s economic boom – when demand for carpet mill laborers reached an all-time high – the 320 carpet mills aggressively recruited Latino workers. As of 2012, Hispanics constituted the plurality of students at Dalton High School.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: Dalton has a humid subtropical climate ("Cfa"), with hot, humid summers, and mild to cool winters, and straddles the border between USDA Hardiness Zones 7B and 8A. The monthly daily mean temperature ranges from in January to in July; on average, there are 41 days of + highs, 2.7 days where the high fails to reach above freezing, and 10.7 nights where the low falls to or below annually, with a much rarer occurrence.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: The Creative Arts Guild is the oldest multi-disciplinary community arts center in the state of Georgia. Founded in 1963 by a group of civic leaders, the Creative Arts Guild began as a grass-roots community movement originally housed in the Old Firehouse on Pentz Street in historic Downtown Dalton. The Guild began offering art, music, dance and theatre classes as well as gallery shows and exhibitions. As programming and class attendance grew, plans for a larger facility were developed. In 1981, the Guild moved to its permanent home at 520 West Waugh Street. The vision of that small group of patrons has grown into an organization that now houses four educational departments (visual art, dance, gymnastics, and music) as well as the Arts in Education outreach programs, events, gallery exhibits, music and dance concerts and recitals and acts as a hub of culture for North West Georgia and South East Tennessee.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: Artistic Civic Theatre has served the Northwest Georgia community for twenty-four years, and has reached thousands of citizens through major musical, comedy, and drama productions, ACT2 (the children's wing), student productions in cooperation with schools in Dalton, Whitfield, and Murray counties, touring productions of original adaptations of classic fairy tales, theatrical arts classes co-sponsored with the Creative Arts Guild, the annual Youth Theatre Camp, and the Studio Cabaret live music series. ACT's programs are funded through individual and family memberships, as well as corporate sponsorships and donations. Consider becoming a member or corporate sponsor and help us continue to provide theatrical arts opportunities, entertainment, and educational programs to the Northwest Georgia Community.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: Dalton Little Theatre held its first documented performance in 1869. The organization began as the Dalton Amateurs and continued as the Sophoclean Dramatic Club, and the Dalton Players, before becoming Dalton Little Theatre in 1955. The theatre has performed continuously except for breaks during World War I and World War II. The organization formally incorporated in 1958 and found its first home in 1981 when it converted the former firehouse built in 1888 into the Firehouse Theatre. The Firehouse Theatre is often referred to as the Old Dalton Firehouse, and it remains the home of Dalton Little Theatre to this day.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: The Downtown Dalton Development Authority hosts a number of events throughout the year, including the Downtown Dalton Farmers Market (May–August), a Downtown Sampler, and an annual Beer Festival. The Dalton Area Convention & Visitors Bureau partners with the DDDA to host the Downtown Dalton Summer Concert Series, featuring local bands. The Young Professionals of Northwest Georgia host a monthly social event to connect and engage area young professionals


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: Woodland Indians and Creek Nation initially held the area of present-day Dalton, Georgia. The first recorded white man in the area, was Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto (1540). By the mid-18th century, when the Cherokee forced the Creek Nation out of their homelands, to the west and south. The Cherokee Indians called the mountains of north Georgia their "Enchanted Land" until their own forced removal in 1838.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: By the time the last Cherokees were removed from the land, work was underway for a railroad, the Western and Atlantic Railroad (W&A), to join the Tennessee River with the Georgia Railroad then under construction. In 1847, Dalton was defined as a mile radius from the city center, the Western and Atlantic Depot. The final segment of this pivotal railway was completed in Tunnel Hill, Whitfield County in 1850. A second railroad, East Tennessee and Georgia, was completed in 1852.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: Catherine Evans Whitener's revitalization of the pre-Civil War-era craft of candlewicking gave rise to a cottage chenille bedspread industry. Homes along U.S. Highway 41 displayed brightly patterned homemade bedspreads on front yard clotheslines in hopes of luring tourists into a purchase. The stretch of highway passing through Whitfield County became known colloquially as "Peacock Alley" in reference to one of the most common patterns depicted on the bedspreads. The bedspread business boomed to a multimillion-dollar industry by the 1950s, and from this early origin, the carpet tufting industry grew in Dalton after Glenn Looper developed an adaptation that allowed the mechanism used to tuft yarn into muslin or cotton for bedspreads to tuft into jute, shifting the nation's carpet manufacturers from woven wool products in the northeast to tufted synthetic carpets in northwest Georgia. Today, carpet mills remain the region's major employers and economic drivers.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: During the Civil War, the city of Dalton saw its first action during the Great Locomotive Chase, on April 12, 1862. More than a year later, on September 18–20, 1863, massive Union and Confederate forces battled a few miles west of Dalton at the Battle of Chickamauga, and later during the Chattanooga campaign. The war came to Whitfield County in the spring of 1864. The First Battle of Dalton included the battle of Rocky Face Ridge and Dug Gap began on May 7, 1864, and ended when General Johnston completed his withdrawal from Dalton on May 12. The Second Battle of Dalton occurred August 14–15, 1864.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: In John Bell Hood's Tennessee campaign, Joseph Wheeler's cavalry attacked a Union blockhouse in Tilton before passing through Dalton and heading west.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: The U.S. government recently declared Dalton and Whitfield County to have more intact Civil War artifacts than any other place in the country. Also of interest is the site of the historic Western & Atlantic Railroad Station; one of the few still standing and restored to its original architectural state, this site used to be the location of the Dalton Depot Restaurant (closed since 2015). The steel center marker for the original surveying of the city of Dalton is still inside the depot.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: The A. D. Strickland Store was once a rural county store, built c. 1878, and is now part of the National Register of Historic Places.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: Dalton is often referred to as the "Carpet Capital of the World," home to over 150 carpet plants. The industry employs more than 30,000 people in the Whitfield County area. More than 90% of the functional carpet produced in the world today is made within a radius of the city.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: The agglomeration of the carpet industry in Dalton can be traced back to a wedding gift given in 1895 by a teenage girl, Catherine Evans Whitener, to her brother, Henry Alexander Evans, and his bride, Elizabeth Cramer. The gift was an unusual tufted bedspread. Copying a quilt pattern, she sewed thick cotton yarns with a running stitch into unbleached muslin, clipped the ends of the yarn so they would fluff out, and finally, washed the spread in hot water to hold the yarns by shrinking the fabric. Interest grew in young Catherine's bedspreads, and in 1900, she made the first sale of a spread for $2.50. Demand for the spreads became so great that by the 1930s, local women had "haulers," who would take the stamped sheeting and yarns to front porch workers. Often entire families worked to hand-tuft the spreads for 10 to 25 cents per spread. Nearly 10,000 area cottage "tufters," men, women, and children were involved in the industry. Income generated by the bedspreads was instrumental in helping many area families survive the Depression. Chenille bedspreads became popular all over the country and provided a new name for Dalton: the Bedspread Capital of the World.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: When a form of mechanized carpet making was developed after World War II, Dalton became the center of the new industry because specialized tufting skills were required and the city had a ready pool of workers with those skills.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: By the 1970s manufacturers had begun to develop techniques to move from plain tufted carpet to sculpted carpet. Improved patterning, stain and wear resistance, and colors have made the modern tufted carpet the choice for functional carpet for the vast majority of homes and moved woven carpet to a decorative role.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: By the 1990s carpet scraps had made up 60% of the area's waste, and a balefill site called the Carpet Landfill was created to accommodate the unique issue. It currently stores over 500,000 tons of baled carpet.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: From June 2011 to June 2012 as carpet mills that had employed thousands restructured, downsized, cut back productivity and closed, Dalton lost 4,600 jobs—according to the U.S. Labor Department—making it the city with the worst job loss in the United States.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: Dalton's carpet production has taken up to one-third of the Conasauga River summer water flow. The river and city water supply has been contaminated with perfluorinated compounds used to make carpets stain-resistant. Dalton Utilities' has processed wastewater using a land application system, that spread effluent on more than nine thousand forested acres in an area called Looper's Bend. Runoff was found to drip down into the river.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: The Dalton City School District, which covers the entire city of Dalton, holds pre-school to grade twelve, and consists of six elementary schools, a middle school, a high school, and an alternative school. The district has 366 full-time teachers and over 5,739 students.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: The Whitfield County School District serves areas outside of the Dalton city limits, even if they have "Dalton, GA" postal addresses. Coahulla Creek High School, Phoenix High School, and Southeast Whitfield High School have Dalton postal addresses but lie outside of the city limits and serve areas not in the city limits.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: Dalton Municipal Airport, a general aviation airport, lacking scheduled commercial flights, is southeast of the city. International airports are in Chattanooga to the north and Atlanta to the south.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: The Southern Railway had two Cincinnati to Florida named trains, "Ponce de Leon" (Cincinnati to Florida via Lexington, Chattanooga and Atlanta) and "Royal Palm" (Cincinnati to Florida via Lexington, Chattanooga and Atlanta) that made stops in the town into the 1960s. The Louisville and Nashville Railroad's "Dixie Flagler" (Chicago and St. Louis to Florida), "Dixie Flyer" (Chicago and St. Louis to Florida) and "Georgian" (Chicago and St. Louis to Atlanta) also made stops in Dalton. The last train was an unnamed L&N Evansville, Indiana - Atlanta, Georgia remnant of the "Georgian," ending service on April 30, 1971.


title: Dalton, Georgia

text: Interstate 75 runs a short distance west of the city. The modern U.S. Route 41 and U.S. Route 76 circumvent Dalton, but historically they ran through the city. Georgia State Route 52 runs through the city's downtown.


title: Blow by Blow

text: Blow by Blow is the second album released under the name "Jeff Beck" (rather than "the Jeff Beck Group"). It was recorded in October 1974 and released via Epic Records in 1975. A mostly instrumental album, it peaked at No. 4 on the American "Billboard" 200 and was certified platinum by the RIAA.


title: Blow by Blow

text: After the dissolution of the power trio Beck, Bogert & Appice (BBA) in spring 1974, Beck took time for session work with other groups. In December, a half-hearted "audition" for The Rolling Stones took place, Beck jamming blues with the band for one day, before realising their musical styles were not compatible.


title: Blow by Blow

text: During this period, Beck decided to record an all-instrumental album, bringing back keyboardist Max Middleton from the second Jeff Beck Group. He hired George Martin to produce after hearing his work with the Mahavishnu Orchestra's 1974 album "Apocalypse". According to Carmine Appice, who played with Beck in BBA, he was involved in the writing and recording process of "Blow by Blow" but his parts were edited out after a dispute with Beck's management. The fourth key contributor to "Blow by Blow" after Beck, Middleton, and Martin was Stevie Wonder, who gave Beck his songs "Cause We've Ended as Lovers" and "Thelonius", with Wonder playing clavinet on the latter uncredited. The former song appeared on Wonder's 1974 album "", made with then-wife Syreeta Wright, while Wonder never recorded "Thelonius" himself. A cover of the Beatles song "She's a Woman" was selected, as well as the composition "Diamond Dust" by Bernie Holland of the group Hummingbird consisting of musicians from the second Beck Group. The other five tracks were band originals with Beck and Middleton the main writers, and the last track on each side featured string arrangements by Martin. Beck dedicated "Cause We've Ended as Lovers" to fellow guitarist Roy Buchanan, with an acknowledgement to Wonder.


title: Blow by Blow

text: "Blow by Blow" was released on 29 March 1975. It was a hit in the US, reaching number four on the "Billboard" album charts, eventually selling a million copies. It remains Beck's highest-charting album.


title: Blow by Blow

text: On 27 March 2001, a remastered edition for compact disc was reissued by Legacy Records, Epic and its parent label Columbia Records now a division of Sony Music Entertainment.


title: Anna Rajan

text: Anna Reshma Rajan is an Indian actress who appears in Malayalam films. She made her debut in 2017 with the film "Angamaly Diaries". She worked as a nurse in a private hospital in Kochi before making her first foray into films.


title: Anna Rajan

text: Anna was born in Aluva a suburb of the city of Kochi in Kerala to Sheeba and KC Rajan. She has an elder brother named Shaun. Anna's father died of a heart-attack when she was in college, the sudden demise of her father put a lot of financial pressure on her family, so she had to take up jobs while in college to support the family financially.


title: Anna Rajan

text: Most of Anna's education took place in Aluva, she did her schooling from Nirmala Higher Secondary School, after which she completed her eleventh and twelfth grade from St Frances College in Aluva. She studied nursing from Government Medical College, Ernakulam. Anna, liked to play sports and has competed at various sporting district level activities representing her school and college.


title: Anna Rajan

text: Anna Rajan hails from Aluva in Kerala. She worked as a nurse in Rajagiri Hospital in Aluva before foraying into films. She was identified by producer Vijay Babu and director Lijo Jose Pellissery after seeing her face in a hoarding in Kerala. They made her audition for the role of Lichy in "Angamaly Diaries". Including her, the film introduced 86 debutant actors. In the film she is credited as Reshma Rajan. After that, she preferred to be credited as Anna Rajan. Her second film was the Lal Jose directorial "Velipadinte Pusthakam" (2017), in which she starred opposite Mohanlal.


title: Bridge of No Return

text: Located in the Joint Security Area (JSA), the so-called "Bridge of No Return" crosses the Military Demarcation Line (MDL) between North Korea and South Korea.


title: Bridge of No Return

text: It was used for prisoner exchanges at the end of the Korean Armistice in 1953. The name originates from the final ultimatum that was given to prisoners of war brought to the bridge for repatriation: they could either remain in the country of their captivity or cross the bridge to return to their homeland. However, once they chose to cross the bridge, they would never be allowed to return, even if they later changed their minds.


title: Bridge of No Return

text: The last time the bridge was used for prisoner exchanges was in 1968, when the crew of was released and ordered to cross into South Korea via the bridge. The bridge was actively used by the North Koreans up until the Korean axe murder incident in August 1976, at which time the United Nations Command (UNC) demanded that the Military Demarcation Line within the Joint Security Area be enforced and clearly marked. Within 72 hours, the North Koreans had built a new bridge (dubbed "The 72-Hour Bridge") on the northern half of the JSA and the original Bridge of No Return was no longer used.


title: Bridge of No Return

text: The Military Demarcation Line runs through the middle of the bridge. At the end of either side of the bridge are guard houses of the respective countries. The North Korean building is called KPA#4 while the United Nations Command checkpoint was called CP#3 (it was abandoned in the mid-1980s). CP#3, which is surrounded by trees, was only visible from one other UNC site during the winter months, OP#5 (now renamed to CP#3). The North's Korean People's Army (KPA) had made numerous attempts to grab UNC personnel from the old CP#3 and drag them across the bridge into North Korean territory.


title: Bridge of No Return

text: Because of this proximity to North Korean territory, being surrounded on all access routes by North Korean checkpoints, and repeated attempts to kidnap the UNC personnel working there, CP#3 was often referred to as "The Loneliest Outpost in the World". As of 2003, the bridge is considered in need of repair. According to a report on CNN, the US government has offered to fix the bridge or even replace it, but North Korea has denied permission.


title: Bridge of No Return

text: U.S. Army soldiers who are stationed at Camp Bonifas or Camp Liberty Bell in the Joint Security Area are offered the opportunity to have their promotion or reenlistment ceremonies held in the center of the Bridge of No Return. The bridge is split in half by the Military Demarcation Line which separates North Korean territory from South Korean territory. During a U.S. or ROK (Republic of Korea) ceremony, two guards are posted at the Demarcation Line facing west (toward North Korea).


title: Irrawaddy River

text: The Irrawaddy River ( Ayeyarwady River; , , from Indic "revatī", meaning "abounding in riches") is a river that flows from north to south through Myanmar (Burma). It is the country's largest river and most important commercial waterway. Originating from the confluence of the N'mai and Mali rivers, it flows relatively straight North-South before emptying through the Irrawaddy Delta in the Ayeyarwady Region into the Andaman Sea. Its drainage basin of about covers a large part of Burma. After Rudyard Kipling's poem, it is sometimes referred to as 'The Road to Mandalay'.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: As early as the sixth century, the river was used for trade and transport. Having developed an extensive network of irrigation canals, the river became important to the British Empire after it had colonized Burma. The river is still as vital today, as a considerable amount of (export) goods and traffic moves by river. Rice is produced in the Irrawaddy Delta, irrigated by water from the river.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: In 2007, Myanmar's military dictatorship signed an agreement for the construction of seven hydroelectric dams, yielding a total 13,360 MW, in the N'mai and Mali Rivers, including the 3600 MW Myitsone Dam at the confluence of both rivers. Environmental organisations have raised concerns about the ecological impacts on the river's biodiverse ecosystems. Animals potentially impacted include the endangered Irrawaddy dolphin and the critically endangered Ganges shark.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: The name "Irrawaddy" is derived from Pali. "Irāvatī" or "Airāvatī" ("Erāvatī" in Pali) is the name of the elephant mount of Sakka and Indra in Hinduism. Saka is an important deva in Buddhism and elephants were often a symbol for water and was used as the name for several other rivers, such as the Achiravati. It can also be based on Iravati, who birthed the mythological elephant. The Irrawaddy gives its name to the Irrawaddy dolphin ("Orcaella brevirostris"), which is found in the lower reaches of the river and known to help fishermen who practice cast-net fishing. Though called Irrawaddy dolphin, it has been also found in the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: During the Age of Discovery, the Irrawaddy was also known to European explorers as the Pegu as the main river of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, itself known as Pegu after its capital, now romanized as Bago. The modern Pegu or Bago River is a separate river, tributary to the Yangon.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: The Irrawaddy River bisects Myanmar from north to south and empties through the nine-armed Irrawaddy Delta into the Indian Ocean.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: The Irrawaddy River arises by the confluence of the N'mai (Nam Gio) and Mali Rivers in Kachin State. Both the N'mai and Mali Rivers find their sources in the Himalayan glaciers of Upper Burma near 28° N. The eastern branch of the two, N'mai, is the larger and rises in the Languela Glacier north of Putao. It is unnavigable because of the strong current whereas the smaller western branch, the Mali river, is navigable, despite a few rapids. Herefore, the Mali river is still called by the same name as the main river by locals. The controversial Myitsone Dam is no longer under construction at the convergence of these rivers.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: The town of Bhamo, about south of the Mali and N'mai river confluence, is the northernmost city reachable by boat all the year round although during the monsoons most of the river cannot be used by boats. The city of Myitkyina lies south of the confluence and can be reached during the dry season.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: This sheet of lava is the Singu Plateau, a volcanic field from the Holocene. This field consists of magma from the fissure vents and covers an area of about . The plateau is also known as Letha Taung.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: Leaving this plateau at Kyaukmyaung, the river follows a broad, open course through the central dry zone – the ancient cultural heartland – where large areas consist of alluvial flats. From Mandalay (the former capital of the kingdom of Myanmar), the river makes an abrupt westward turn before curving southwest to unite with the Chindwin River, after which it continues in a southwestern direction. It is probable that the upper Irrawaddy originally flowed south from Mandalay, discharging its water through the present Sittaung River to the Gulf of Martaban, and that its present westward course is geologically recent. Below its confluence with the Chindwin, the Irrawaddy continues to meander through the petroleum producing city of Yenangyaung, below which it flows generally southward. In its lower course, between Minbu and Pyay, it flows through a narrow valley between forest-covered mountain ranges—the ridge of the Arakan Mountains to the west and that of the Pegu Yoma Mountains to the east.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: The delta of the Irrawaddy begins about above Hinthada (Henzada) and about from its curved base, which faces the Andaman Sea. The westernmost distributary of the delta is the Pathein (Bassein) River, while the easternmost stream is the Yangon River, on the left bank of which stands Myanmar's former capital city, Yangon (Rangoon). Because the Yangon River is only a minor channel, the flow of water is insufficient to prevent Yangon Harbour from silting up, and dredging is necessary. The relief of the delta's landscape is low but not flat. The soils consist of fine silt, which is replenished continuously by fertile alluvium carried downstream by the river. As a result of heavy rainfall varying from a year in the delta, and the motion and sediment load of the river, the delta surface extends into the Andaman Sea at a rate of about per year.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: Due to monsoonal rains, which occur between mid-May and mid-October, the volume of the Irrawaddy and its tributaries varies greatly throughout the year. In summer, the melting of the snow and glaciers in Northern Burma add to the volume. The average discharge near the head of the delta is between a high of and a low of per second. The discharge can be as high as 40,393 cubic meter per second in rainy season. Over a year, the discharge averages . Further North, at Sagaing, the shows a 38% decrease in discharge compared to where the river enters the delta. it also silted up around 278 tons of sand every year.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: Variation between high and low waterlevel is also great. At Mandalay and Prome, a range of has been measured between low-water level and floodlevel respectively. Because of the monsoonal character of the rain, the highest point is recorded in August, the lowest in February.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: This variation in water level makes it necessary for ports along the river to have separate landing ports for low- and high-water. Still, low water levels have caused problems for ports along the river, as in the Bamaw–Mandalay–Pyay sectors, the shallowest point is as shallow as .


title: Irrawaddy River

text: Within the basin, the average population density is 79 people/km. For these people, the river supply amounts to 18,614 m per person per year.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: Collectively, the modern Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) and Thanlwin (Salween) rivers deliver >600 Mt/yr of sediment to the sea. Most recent study shows: 1) There is little modern sediment accumulating on the shelf immediately off the Ayeyarwady River mouths. In contrast, a major mud wedge with a distal depocenter, up to 60 m in thickness, has been deposited seaward in the Gulf of Martaban, extending to ~130 m water depth into the Martaban Depression. Further, 2) There is no evidence showing that modern sediment has accumulated or is transported into the Martaban Canyon; 3) There is a mud drape/blanket wrapping around the narrow western Myanmar Shelf in the eastern Bay of Bengal. The thickness of the mud deposit is up to 20 m nearshore and gradually thins to the slope at −300 m water depth, and likely escapes into the deep Andaman Trench; 4) The estimated total amount of Holocene sediments deposited offshore is ~1290 × 109 tons. If we assume this has mainly accumulated since the middle Holocene highstand (~6000 yr BP) like other major deltas, the historical annual mean depositional flux on the shelf would be 215 Mt/yr, which is equivalent to ~35% of the modern Ayeyarwady-Thanlwin rivers derived sediments; 5) Unlike other large river systems in Asia, such as the Yangtze and Mekong, this study indicates a bi-directional transport and depositional pattern controlled by the local currents that are influenced by tides, and seasonally varying monsoons winds and waves.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: No complete and precise list of all the fish in the Irrawaddy river basin currently exists, but in 1996 it was estimated that there are about 200 species. In 2008, it was estimated that the Irrawaddy ecoregion is home to 119–195 species of fish found nowhere else in the world (endemic). Several new species of fish have been described from the Irrawaddy river basin in recent years (for example, the cyprinid "Danio htamanthinus" in 2016 and the stone loach "Malihkaia aligera" in 2017), and it is likely that undescribed species remain.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: Among the most well-known species in the river is the Irrawaddy dolphin ("Orcaella brevirostris"), a euryhaline species of oceanic dolphin with a high and rounded forehead, lacking a beak. It is found in discontinuous sub-populations near sea coasts and in estuaries and rivers in parts of the Bay of Bengal and South-East Asia.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: Along the North-South course of the Irrawaddy River, a number of notably different ecoregions can be distinguished.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: The streams of the Nmai and Mali that form the Irrawaddy originate in high and remote mountains near the border with Tibet. This part of Myanmar, which extends north from Myitkyina and the Irrawaddy confluence, lies entirely outside the tropics. Rain falls at all seasons of the year, but mostly in the summer. The valleys and lower hill ranges are covered with tropical and subtropical evergreen rainforest instead of monsoon (deciduous) forest. This region is characterised by subtropical and temperate forests of oak and pine are found at elevations above . This evergreen forest passes into sub-tropical pine forest at about feet. Above , are forests of rhododendrons, and that in turn into evergreen conifer forest above feet.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: The Irrawaddy river basin covers an approximate area of 255 . The Central Basin consists of the valley of the middle Irrawaddy and lower Chindwin. It lies within the 'dry zone' and consists almost entirely of plains covered with the teak-dominated Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests ecoregion, which surrounds dry forest patches in drier areas. The central basin receives little rain (ave 650mm per year) although it does flood quickly during the July–October storms. The one meteorological factor which does not vary greatly, and which is the most important for plant life, is atmospheric humidity. This is always high, except in the winter in certain localities. Humidity usually does not fall below 75% and is 90% or more for long periods during summer. Another feature is the prevalent southerly summer winds which erode the soil of the basin.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: The natural habitats of this central zone have been much altered for farming and there are few protected areas.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: The predominant trees of the drier patches are the thorny "Terminalia oliveri" and the hardwood dahat teak ("Tectona hamiltoniana") with stands of Indaing ("Dipterocarpus tuberculatus") which is cut for timber. The wildlife includes many birds, small mammals and reptiles such as the huge Burmese python. However, most of the large animals including the tiger have been hunted out or seen their habitats disappear.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: The Irrawaddy River and its tributaries flow into the Andaman Sea through the Irrawaddy Delta. This ecoregion consists of mangroves and freshwater swamp forests. It is an extremely fertile area because of the river-borne silt deposited in the delta. The upper and central portions of the delta are almost entirely under cultivation, principally for rice. The southern portion of the ecoregion transitions into the Burmese Coast mangroves and is made up of fanlike marshes with oxbow lakes, islands, and meandering streams.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: Birds of the delta are both winter visitors and passage migrants including great cormorant ("Phalacrocorax carbo"), a wide variety of Anatidae, Eurasian coot ("Fulica atra"), about thirty species of migratory shorebirds, the whiskered tern ("Chlidonias hybrida"), the Caspian tern ("Hydroprogne caspia"), and the brown-headed gull ("Larus brunnicephalus"), which is very common. One of the most numerous wintering shorebird is the lesser sand plover ("Charadrius mongolus"), which occurs in flocks of many thousands along the outer coast of the delta. The wood sandpiper ("Tringa glareola") and red junglefowl ("Gallus gallus") are also abundant.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: In the late 19th century, the spot-billed pelican ("Pelecanus philippensis") nested in huge numbers in south Myanmar. One colony on the Sittaung River plain to the east of the delta was described in November 1877 as covering and containing millions of birds. Immense colonies still bred in the area in 1910, but the birds had disappeared completely by 1939. Small numbers were regularly reported in the delta in the 1940s, but no breeding sites were located. , no pelicans have been recorded, and it may well be that the species is now extinct in Myanmar.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: Several species of large mammal occur in the delta, but their populations are small and scattered, with the possible exceptions of the Malayan sambar deer ("Cervus unicolor equinus"), Indian hog deer ("C. porcinus"), and wild boar ("Sus scrofa"), which have been reported from all Reserved Forests. Asian elephants ("Elephas maximus") were once widespread throughout the country with numbers as high as 10,000 animals, but in the numbers have dwindled, partly due to transferring the animals to logging camps. Other species reported to be present include the leopard, Bengal tiger, crab-eating macaque, wild dog, and otters ("Panthera pardus, P. tigris, Cuon alpinus", and "Lutra" species).


title: Irrawaddy River

text: The saltwater crocodile ("Crocodylus porosus") can be found in the southern part of the delta. The species was formerly abundant in coastal regions, but population numbers have decreased because of a combination of commercial skin hunting, habitat loss, drowning in fishing nets and over-collection of living animals to supply crocodile farms.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: It was at this river that a battle between a saltwater crocodile and a tiger was observed that ended with the reptile devouring the tiger.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: Despite recent declines in the sea turtle populations, five species are known to nest in Myanmar at well known island and mainland beaches known as turtle-banks. These are the olive ridley sea turtle ("Lepidochelys olivacea"), the loggerhead sea turtle ("Caretta caretta"), the green sea turtle ("Chelonia mydas"), the hawksbill sea turtle ("Eretmochelys imbricata"), and the leatherback sea turtle ("Dermochelys coriacea").


title: Irrawaddy River

text: The Irrawaddy River has five major tributaries. As they flow through the northern tip of Myanmar – the Kachin State – they cut long north-south alluvial plains and relatively narrow upland valleys between the mountain ridges. The rivers joining the Irrawaddy are, from north to south:


title: Irrawaddy River

text: As early as the sixth century, the Bamars were using the Irrawaddy to gain power in the region through trade and transport on the China – India route. By the twelfth century, a well-developed network of canals made for flourishing rice cultivation. Later, the river became a key economic tool of Imperial British interests, who set up trading ports along its shores.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: Today, the Irrawaddy is still the country's most important commercial waterway. Despite Mandalay's position as the chief rail and highway focus in northern Myanmar, a considerable amount of passenger and goods traffic moves by river. As the Irrawaddy Delta is one of the world's major rice-growing areas, one of the most important goods transported is rice. Teak logs – Myanmar is one of the world's top exporters – are floated down the river as large rafts. Before it is transported, teak has to be seasoned, because otherwise it won't float. This happens by girdling, a practice where a deep circular cut through bark and sapwood is made into the heartwood. Other major goods that are transported from the nation's heartlands to Yangon for export are other foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton, and local commodities.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: Commercial transportation on the Irrawaddy is maintained for about : from Hinthada to Bhamo () throughout the year, but from Bhamo to Myitkyina (200 km) for only seven months. More than of navigable waterways exist in the Irrawaddy delta, and there is a system of connecting canals. The Sittang is usable by smaller boats, but the Salween River, because of its rapids, is navigable for less than from the sea. Small steamers and country boats also serve the coasts of the Rakhine State and Tanintharyi Region. On the Chindwin River, transportation is carried on by steam or diesel vessels throughout the year up to Homalin—about 640 km from its confluence with the Irrawaddy. Seasonal navigation is carried on into Tamanthi, which is by river above Homalin.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: The Chindwin valley has no railroad and relies heavily on river transport. Chauk, downstream from the confluence in the oil-field district, is a petroleum port. It is linked to Yangon by road and rail. Hinthada, near the apex of the delta, is the rail junction for lines leading to Kyangin and Bassein (Pathein). A ferry operates between Hinthada on the west bank and the railway station at Tharrawaw on the east bank.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: Myanmar's military junta signed an agreement with China Power Investment Corporation in May 2007 for the construction of seven hydroelectric dams along the Irrawaddy, Mali, and N'Mai River in Kachin State. The total planned output of all seven plants will be 15,160 MWs of electricity, making it the largest hydropower project in Myanmar, surpassing the 7100 MW Tasang Dam in Shan State.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: The power generated by the dams will be transmitted to other countries in the South-East Asian region, with most going to China. Other countries targeted for power export are Thailand, India and Bangladesh.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: The largest of the seven, the Myitsone Dam, is located at the confluence of the Mali and N'Mai Rivers at the creation of the Irrawaddy. Although the China Power Investment Corporation is project manager of the Confluence Region Hydropower Projects. ParConfluence Region Hydropower Projects, several companies have been or are currently involved in the preparation, construction and financing of the 3,600 MW Myitsone Dam. Asia World Company has a key position, amidst Burmese Suntac Technologies and state-run Myanmar Electrical Power Enterprise, a state-owned utility enterprise responsible for power generation, transmission and distribution


title: Irrawaddy River

text: Chinese involvement comes from China Power Investment Corporation, China Southern Power Grid, Yunnan Machinery Equipment Import & Export Company Changjiang Institute of Surveying, Planning, Design and Research.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: Due to its location and size, construction of the Myitsone Dam has raised significant ecological and sociological concerns. According to the Irrawaddy Myitsone Dam Multipurpose Water Utilizing Project study, the maximum water level of the reservoir will be 290 metres. This makes for a flood zone of 766 km, compromising 47 villages.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: Other consequences of the inundation include loss of farmland, loss of spawning habitat as fish can not swim upstream anymore. The Kachin Development Networking Group, a network of civil society groups and development organisations in Kachin State warn this will lead to a loss of income for fishermen. They report locals are also worried about the flooding of cultural sites in the flood zone. As with other large dam projects, the Myitsone Dam construction will alter the hydrological characteristics of the river, e.g. preventing sediment from enriching riverbanks downstream, where it usually enriches the riverside food-producing plains. This can affect fertility as far downstream as the Irrawaddy Delta, the major rice-producing area of Myanmar.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: Ecological concerns focus on the inundation of an area that is the border of the Indo-Burma and South Central China biodiversity hotspots. The Mali and N'mai River confluence region falls within the Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rainforests, added to the WWF list of outstanding examples of biodiverse regions.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: The location of the Myitsone Dam, located less than 100 km from a fault line where the Eurasian and Indian tectonic plates meet, raised concerns about its earthquake resistance. Earthquakes in the region, such as the 5.3 magnitude earthquake that struck near the Myanmar-China border on 20 August 2008, prompted Naw Lar, the coordinator of the KDNG dam research project, to ask the junta to reconsider its dam projects.


title: Irrawaddy River

text: Until the construction of the Ava (Innwa) Bridge, a 16 span rail and road cantilever bridge built by the British colonial government in 1934, the only way across the Irrawaddy was by ferry. The bridge was destroyed by the retreating British Army during World War II and was rebuilt in 1954 after Burmese independence and was the only bridge to span the Irrawaddy until recent times when a spate of bridge construction has been carried out by the government.


title: Hermione Gingold

text: Hermione Ferdinanda Gingold (; 9 December 189724 May 1987) was an English actress known for her sharp-tongued, eccentric character.


title: Hermione Gingold

text: Her signature drawling, deep voice was a result of nodules on her vocal cords she developed in the 1920s and early 1930s.


title: Hermione Gingold

text: After a successful career as a child actress, she established herself on the stage as an adult, playing in comedy, drama and experimental theatre, and radio broadcasting. She found her milieu in revue, which she played from the 1930s to the 1950s, co-starring several times with the English actress Hermione Baddeley. Later she played formidable elderly characters in such films and stage musicals as "Gigi" (1958), "Bell, Book and Candle" (1958), "The Music Man" (1962) and "A Little Night Music" (1973).


title: Hermione Gingold

text: From the early 1950s Gingold lived and made her career mostly in the U.S. Her American stage work ranged from "John Murray Anderson's Almanac" (1953) to "Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad" (1963), the latter of which she also played in London. She became a well known guest on television talk shows. She made further appearances in revue and toured in plays and musicals until an accident ended her performing career in 1977.


title: Hermione Gingold

text: Hermione Ferdinanda Gingold was born in Carlton Hill, Maida Vale, London, the elder daughter of a prosperous Austrian-born Jewish stockbroker, James Gingold, and his wife, Kate Frances (née Walter). Her paternal grandparents were the Ottoman-born British subject, Moritz "Maurice" Gingold, a London stockbroker, and his Austrian-born wife, Hermine, after whom Hermione was named (Gingold mentions in her autobiography that her mother might have got 'Hermione' from Shakespeare's play "The Winter's Tale", which she was reading shortly before her birth). On her father's side, she was descended from Solomon Sulzer, a synagogue cantor and Jewish liturgical composer in Vienna. James felt that religion was something children needed to decide on for themselves, and Gingold grew up with no particular religious beliefs.


title: Hermione Gingold

text: Gingold's professional début was in 1908 when she had just turned 11. She played the herald in Herbert Beerbohm Tree's production of "Pinkie and the Fairies" by W. Graham Robertson, in a cast including Ellen Terry, Frederick Volpe, Marie Löhr and Viola Tree. She was promoted to the leading role of Pinkie for a provincial tour. Tree cast her as Falstaff's page, Robin, in "The Merry Wives of Windsor". She attended Rosina Filippi's stage school in London. In 1911, she was cast in the original production of "Where the Rainbow Ends" which opened to very good reviews on 21 December 1911.


title: Hermione Gingold

text: On 10 December 1912, the day after her 15th birthday, Gingold played Cassandra in William Poel's production of "Troilus and Cressida" at the King's Hall, Covent Garden, with Esmé Percy as Troilus and Edith Evans as Cressida. The following year she appeared in a musical production, "The Marriage Market", in a small role in a cast that included Tom Walls, W H Berry, and Gertie Millar. In 1914, she played Jessica in "The Merchant of Venice" at the Old Vic. In 1918, Gingold married the publisher Michael Joseph, with whom she had two sons, the younger of whom, Stephen, became a pioneer of theatre in the round in Britain.


title: Hermione Gingold

text: Gingold's adult stage career was slow to take off. She played Liza in "If" at the Ambassador's in May 1921, and the Old Woman in Ben Travers's farcical comedy "The Dippers" produced by Sir Charles Hawtrey at the Criterion in August 1922.


title: Hermione Gingold

text: In 1926 Gingold was divorced from Joseph. Later in the same year she married the writer and lyricist Eric Maschwitz, whom she divorced in 1945. She underwent a vocal crisis in the late 1920s and early 1930s: she had hitherto described herself as "Shakespearian and soprano" but nodules on her vocal cords brought a drastic drop in pitch, about which she commented, "One morning it was Mozart and the next 'Old Man River'". The critic J. C. Trewin described her voice as "powdered glass in deep syrup". During this period she broadcast frequently for the BBC and established herself at the experimental theatre-club the Gate Theatre Studio in London, first as a serious actress and later in the genre for which she became famous, revue. According to "The Times" it was in "Spread It Abroad" (1936) a revue at another theatre, the Saville, with material by Herbert Farjeon that she truly found her milieu.


title: Hermione Gingold

text: In the 10 years from 1938, Gingold concentrated on revue, appearing in nine productions in the West End. The first four were "The Gate Revue" (transferred from the Gate to the Ambassadors, 1939), "Swinging the Gate" (1940), "Rise Above It" (1941) and "Sky High" (1942). During this period she and Hermione Baddeley established a stage partnership of what "The Times" called "briskly sustained mock-rivalry". In June 1943 she opened in a revue at the Ambassadors, "Sweet and Low", which was continually revised and refreshed over a run of almost six years, first as "Sweeter and Lower" and then "Sweetest and Lowest". In her sketches she tended, as the writer of the shows, Alan Melville, recalled, to portray "grotesque and usually unfortunate ladies of dubious age and occasionally, morals; the unhappy female painted by Picasso who found herself lumbered with an extra limb or two … the even less fortunate female who, after years of playing the cello in Palm Court orchestras, ended up bow-legged beyond belief". In a biographical sketch, Ned Sherrin writes "Gingold became a special attraction for American soldiers and 'Thanks, Yanks' was one of her most appropriate numbers. During the astringent, name-dropping 'Sweet' series, she played 1,676 performances, before 800,000 people, negotiating 17,010 costume changes".


title: Hermione Gingold

text: Gingold's first new revue after the war was "Slings and Arrows" at the Comedy in 1948. She was praised, but the material was judged inferior to that of her earlier shows. She appeared in cameo roles in British films, of which Sherrin singles out "The Pickwick Papers" (1952), in which she played the formidable schoolmistress, Miss Tompkins. Gingold became well known to BBC radio audiences in "Mrs Doom's Diary" in the weekly show "Home at Eight"; this was a parody of the radio soap opera "Mrs Dale's Diary" in the manner of the Addams Family with Gingold as Drusilla Doom and Alfred Marks as her sepulchral husband.


title: Hermione Gingold

text: Gingold and Baddeley co-starred in a Noël Coward double bill in November 1949, presenting "Fumed Oak" and "Fallen Angels". Reviews were poor, and Coward thought the performances crude and overdone, but the production was a box-office success, running until August the following year.


title: Hermione Gingold

text: Between 1951 and 1969 Gingold worked mostly in the US. Her first engagement there was at the Brattle Theatre in Cambridge, Massachusetts in "It's About Time," a revue that incorporated some of her London material. In December 1953, she opened in "John Murray Anderson's Almanac" which made her an instant Broadway success and for which she won the Donaldson Award in 1954. She also became a regular guest on talk shows. In 1951 she cited as her hobbies; 'Interior decoration' and 'collecting china'.


title: Hermione Gingold

text: Gingold continued to make films. In 1956 she played a London "sporting lady" in "Around the World in 80 Days", and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the 1958 film "Gigi" playing Madame Alvarez, Gigi's loving grandmother. In the film, she sang "I Remember It Well" with Maurice Chevalier. She said "It was my first American film and I was very nervous." Chevalier put her at ease. "I had to sing, and I hadn't got a great voice, but with him, I felt the greatest prima donna in the world." Gingold followed this with another hit film "Bell, Book and Candle", also 1958, in which her role was Mrs Bianca De Pass. She played the haughty wife, Eulalie Mackecknie Shinn, of River City Mayor George Shinn, played by character actor Paul Ford, in "The Music Man" (1962) starring Robert Preston and Shirley Jones.


title: Hermione Gingold

text: In October 1963, Gingold opened in Arthur Kopit's "Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad", playing a monstrously possessive mother driving her son crazy. She played the role in the London production in 1965. Reviewing the latter, and noting that the first night had been greeted with cheering at the end, the critic Philip Hope-Wallace wrote:


title: Hermione Gingold

text: In 1972, she was among the guests in David Winters' musical television special "The Special London Bridge Special", starring Tom Jones, and Jennifer O'Neill.


title: Hermione Gingold

text: Gingold was a member of the original 1973 Broadway cast of Stephen Sondheim's "A Little Night Music" in the role of the elderly Mme. Armfeldt, a former courtesan. Clive Barnes wrote of her performance, "Hermione Gingold is immeasurably grande dame as the almost Proustian hostess (I haven't loved her so much since she sang about the Borgia orgies 30 years ago)." When the production transferred to London in 1975 Gingold reprised the role, and later played it in the film version of the musical (1977).


title: Hermione Gingold

text: At the age of 77, Gingold made her operatic début, joining the San Francisco Opera to play the spoken role of the Duchess of Crackenthorp in Donizetti's "La fille du régiment" in 1975. In 1977 she took over the narrator's role in "Side by Side by Sondheim" on Broadway. After the New York run, the show toured the U.S. In Kansas City, the 79-year-old Gingold suffered an accident that broke her knee and dislocated her arm; this brought her performing career to an end. Still, she appeared in a 1980s Goya commercial for its drink Coca Goya Colada while lounging on a chaise longue, shaking the two cans like maracas.


title: Hermione Gingold

text: Gingold died from heart problems and pneumonia at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan on 24 May 1987, aged 89. She is interred at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.


title: Hermione Gingold

text: Gingold's autobiography, "How to Grow Old Disgracefully", was published posthumously in 1988. It was published in installments: "The World Is Square" (1946), "My Own Unaided Work" (1952) and "Sirens Should Be Seen and Not Heard" (1963). She also wrote a play titled "Abracadabra" and contributed original material to the many revues in which she performed.


title: Hermione Gingold

text: The Gingold Theatrical Group in New York is a company devoted to producing plays about human rights. It was founded by David Staller, a great friend of Gingold for many years, as a tribute to her. They specialise in presenting the works of Bernard Shaw and are the first group to present all of Shaw's 65 plays.


title: Summerville, South Carolina

text: Summerville is a town in the U.S. state of South Carolina situated mostly in Dorchester County, with small portions in Berkeley and Charleston counties. It is part of the Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. Summerville's population at the 2020 census was 50,915.


title: Summerville, South Carolina

text: The center of Summerville is in southeastern Dorchester County; the town extends northeast into Berkeley and Charleston counties. It is bordered to the east by the town of Lincolnville and to the southeast by the city of North Charleston. Summerville's town limits extend south as far as the Ashley River next to Old Fort Dorchester State Historical Park.


title: Summerville, South Carolina

text: U.S. Route 78 passes near the center of Summerville, leading southeast to downtown Charleston and northwest to Interstate 95 at St. George. Interstate 26 leads through Summerville's northeast corner, with access from Exit 199, leading southeast to Charleston and northwest to Columbia.


title: Summerville, South Carolina

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of , of which is land and , or 0.62%, is water.


title: Summerville, South Carolina

text: As of the 2020 United States census, there were 50,915 people, 19,374 households, and 13,130 families residing in the town.


title: Summerville, South Carolina

text: As of the census of 2010, there were 43,392 people residing in 16,181 households in the town. Summerville's population density is 2,404.7 inhabitants per square mile. Its racial makeup was 72.1% White, 21.4% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.6% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.0% of the population.


title: Summerville, South Carolina

text: There were 16,181 households, of which 38.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 15.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55.


title: Summerville, South Carolina

text: In the town, 27.0% of the population was under the age of 18, and 10.5% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.7 years.


title: Summerville, South Carolina

text: The median income for a household in the town was $54,677. About 11.2% of the population was below the poverty line. The median value of an owner-occupied home was $182,000.


title: Summerville, South Carolina

text: The first settlement in Summerville began following the American Revolutionary War; it was called Pineland Village in 1785. Development in the area resulted from plantation owners who resided in the Charleston area and came to Summerville to escape seasonal insects and swamp fever.


title: Summerville, South Carolina

text: Summerville became an official town on 17 December 1847. That year, the town passed a law against cutting down trees, the nation's first such law, and a $25 fine was issued to anyone who did so without permission. The town's official seal reads "Sacra Pinus Esto (The Pine is Sacred)."


title: Summerville, South Carolina

text: In 1899, the International Congress of Physicians (or "Tuberculosis Congress") listed Summerville as one of the world's two best areas for treatment of and recovery from lung and throat disorders, due to its dry and sandy location and the many pine trees that release turpentine derivatives into the air. This notation is credited with aiding Summerville's commercial and residential development.


title: Summerville, South Carolina

text: The former Summerville post office built in 1938 contains a mural, "Train Time – Summerville", painted by Bernadine Custer in 1939. Federally commissioned murals were produced from 1934 to 1943 in the U.S. through the Section of Painting and Sculpture, later called the Section of Fine Arts, of the Treasury Department.


title: Summerville, South Carolina

text: The Ashley River Road, Middleton Place, Colonial Dorchester State Historic Site, Old White Meeting House Ruins and Cemetery, and the Summerville Historic District are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.


title: Summerville, South Carolina

text: Starting in 1972, Summerville has supported the Summerville Family YMCA in hosting the annual Flowertown Festival to support health and wellness programs at the YMCA. It is South Carolina's largest arts and crafts festival. It is held during the last weekend of March or the first weekend of April in the Summerville Azalea Park. It often coincides with the annual Cooper River Bridge Run held in Charleston the same weekend. During the three days of the Flowertown Festival, Summerville sees about 200,000 visitors. Admission and parking is free to all who attend. No alcohol or pets are permitted at the festival. About 200 artists from around the country are invited and display their works for purchase. Area restaurants are featured in the festival's "Taste" section, where tickets can be purchased to sample their offerings. Children can enjoy the carnival in the Children's Jubilee/Kids Fest section.


title: Summerville, South Carolina

text: In 1925, these flowers led Summerville's Chamber of Commerce to adopt the slogan "Flower Town in the Pines."


title: Summerville, South Carolina

text: Summerville claims the title "The Birthplace of Sweet Tea." A recipe for sweet iced tea published in Texas native Marion Cabell's 1879 cookbook "Housekeeping in Old Virginia" has been cited as evidence against this claim.


title: Summerville, South Carolina

text: Public education in Summerville is administered by Dorchester School District Two, which operates Summerville High School. Summerville's 10,000-capacity Memorial Stadium is used for American football games.


title: Arfa Karim

text: Arfa Abdul Karim Randhawa (; 2 February 1995 – 14 January 2012) was a Pakistani student and computer prodigy who became the youngest Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP) in 2004. She was submitted to the Guinness Book of World Records for her achievement. Arfa kept the title until 2008 and went on to represent Pakistan on various international forums, including the TechEd Developers Conference. She received Pakistan's highest literary award, the Presidential Pride of Performance from General Pervez Musharraf in 2005. A science park in Lahore, the Arfa Software Technology Park, is named in her honour. At the age of 10, Arfa was invited by Bill Gates to visit Microsoft's headquarters in the United States. She died on 14 January 2012, aged 16, from a cardiac arrest.


title: Arfa Karim

text: Randhawa was born into an ethnic Punjabi family from Ram Diwali in Faisalabad District, Punjab, Pakistan.


title: Arfa Karim

text: After returning to Pakistan from a visit to the Microsoft headquarters, Randhawa gave numerous television and newspaper interviews. S. Somasegar, the vice president of Microsoft's Software Development Division, wrote about her in his blog. On 2 August 2005, Arfa was presented the Fatimah Jinnah Gold Medal in the field of Science and Technology by the prime minister of Pakistan Shaukat Aziz at the 113th anniversary of Fatima Jinnah's birth. She also received the Salaam Pakistan Youth Award in August 2005 from the president of Pakistan. Randhawa received the President's Award for Pride of Performance in 2005, a civil award usually granted to people who have shown excellence in their respective fields over a long period of time; she is the youngest recipient of this award. She was made brand ambassador for Pakistan Telecommunication Company's 3G Wireless Broadband service, "EVO", in January 2010.


title: Arfa Karim

text: Upon her return from the US, Randhawa became an icon in Pakistan. She was interviewed by various channels, invited to several international conferences and summits, and received awards from the president and prime minister of Pakistan. In 2006, Microsoft invited her to be the keynote speaker at the Tech-Ed developers conference held in Barcelona.


title: Arfa Karim

text: Randhawa represented Pakistan on various international forums and was invited by the Pakistan Information Technology Professionals Forum for a two-week stay in Dubai, where a dinner reception was hosted in her honour; Dubai dignitaries, including the Ambassador of Pakistan, attended. She was presented with various awards and gifts, including a laptop. In November 2006, Randhawa attended the Tech-Ed Developers conference themed "Get Ahead of The Game" held in after receiving an invitation from Microsoft. She was the only Pakistani among over 5000 developers in that conference.


title: Arfa Karim

text: In 2011, Randhawa was studying at the Lahore Grammar School Paragon Campus in her second year of A-levels. On 22 December 2011, she had a cardiac arrest after an epileptic seizure that damaged her brain and was admitted to Lahore's Combined Military Hospital (CMH) in critical condition.


title: Arfa Karim

text: On 9 January 2012, Bill Gates, chairman of Microsoft, contacted Randhawa's parents and directed her doctors to adopt "every kind of measure" for her treatment. Gates set up a special panel of international doctors who remained in contact with her local doctors through teleconference. The panel assisted in diagnosing and treating her illness. Local doctors dismissed the option of moving Randhawa to another hospital due to her being on a ventilator and in critical condition. Members of her family have lauded Bill Gates for offering to bear her treatment expenses.


title: Arfa Karim

text: Randhawa began to improve on 13 January 2012, and some areas of her brain began to show indications of healing. Microsoft had discussed flying her to the United States for treatment, according to her father, Amjad Abdul Karim Randhawa.


title: Arfa Karim

text: Randhawa died at a hospital in Lahore on 14 January 2012, aged 16. Her funeral, which was held on the following day, was attended by the Chief Minister of Punjab, Shahbaz Sharif. She was buried in her ancestral village Chak No. 4JB Ram Diwali, on Faisalabad-Sargodha Road Faisalabad.


title: Arfa Karim

text: Arfa Software Technology Park is the country's largest Information and Communications Technology Park located in Lahore. The seventeen-storey building is the first international standard facility in Pakistan. The project started under the name "Lahore Technology Park" before being renamed "Arfa Software Technology Park" on 15 January 2012 by Sharif.


title: Amakusa Shirō

text: , also known as , was a Japanese Christian of the Edo period and leader of the Shimabara Rebellion, an uprising of Japanese Roman Catholics against the Shogunate. His Christian name was Geronimo and later Francisco.


title: Amakusa Shirō

text: The uprising led by Shirō was defeated, and he was executed at the age of 17. His head was displayed on a pike near Nagasaki as a warning to Christians. His failures were reflected in the 1962 movie "Amakusa Shirō Tokisada" (shown in English-speaking countries as "The Christian Revolt" or "The Revolutionary"), by the Japanese movie director Nagisa Oshima.


title: Amakusa Shirō

text: Shirō was born in 1621 as the son of Catholic parents, , a former Konishi clan retainer, and his wife. Urban legend speculates that Shirō could have been the illegitimate son of Toyotomi Hideyori, but these claims have little credibility.


title: Amakusa Shirō

text: Portuguese Jesuit missionaries had been active in Japan since the late 16th century. By the age of 15, the charismatic youth was known to his Japanese Catholic followers as "Heaven's messenger". Miraculous powers were attributed to him.


title: Amakusa Shirō

text: Shirō was among Japanese Catholics who took over Hara Castle in a rebellion against the Shogunate. They mounted a coordinated defense that held off attackers, but the rebel force had no logistical support, and their resolve was weakened. Shirō was said to display posters in the castle to raise morale and said: "Now, those who accompany me in being besieged in this castle, will be my friends unto the next world."


title: Amakusa Shirō

text: One of the rebel soldiers, , betrayed Shirō. He got a message to the Shogunate that rebel food supplies were running low. The Shogunate forces made a final assault, taking Hara Castle in the process. The Shogunate forces massacred almost 40,000 rebels. Yamada was the only recorded survivor.


title: Amakusa Shirō

text: Shirō was taken captive and executed after the castle was overtaken. His head was displayed on a pike in Nagasaki for an extended period of time as a warning to potential Christian rebels.


title: Pokémon Sleep

text: "Pokémon Sleep" was being developed by Japanese studio Select Button, with assistance by "Pokémon Go" developer Niantic, and was going to be published by The Pokémon Company. It was announced on May 28, 2019 by Tsunekazu Ishihara, CEO of the Pokémon Company, during a press conference held in Tokyo as well as on the company's official Twitter page. The game was planned to be released in 2020, but while it has not officially been cancelled, there have been no updates about the game's release as of 2022. However, an SSL certificate was registered in April 2021, which does raise the possibility it has not been cancelled.


title: Pokémon Sleep

text: A "Pokémon Go" APK data mine in January 2022 revealed several additions to the "Pokémon Go" app to support Pokémon Sleep, including support for the "Pokémon Go Plus" accessory, reviewing sleep patterns, and earning in game rewards.


title: Pokémon Sleep

text: The game tracks the amount of time a user sleeps, using the accelerometer of the external "Pokémon Go Plus"+ accessory, and communicates the data to the user's mobile device via Bluetooth for sleep-related gameplay. Although the gameplay specifics have not been revealed, The Pokémon Company has promised it will turn "sleeping into entertainment" in a similar way to how the Pokémon franchise's other mobile games, "Pokémon Go" and "Pokémon Smile", turned walking and oral hygiene into entertainment respectively.


title: Agalloch

text: Agalloch () was an American extreme metal band from Portland, Oregon. Formed in 1995 by frontman John Haughm, they released five full-length albums, four EPs, two singles, one split single, two demos, four compilation albums and one live video album. They announced their disbandment in May 2016.


title: Agalloch

text: Named after the resinous wood of the agarwood (Aquilaria agallocha), Agalloch began as the creation of Haughm and keyboardist Shane Breyer. In early 1996, the duo began composing material. Guitarist Don Anderson joined the band that summer to further refine the songs, which were recorded that autumn for release as the band's first demo tape, From Which of This Oak. This recording displayed a significant black metal influence and included material which would later appear on subsequent albums in one form or another. Shortly after the recording, bassist Jason William Walton was added to the lineup.


title: Agalloch

text: In 1998, the trio recorded a new demo tape, "Promo 1998", solely for labels. It caught the attention of The End Records, who offered them a contract, resulting in the 1999 release of their debut full-length album, "Pale Folklore". Reworking several earlier demo tracks, the album featured less of a black metal influence, more neofolk elements and neoclassical interludes. After the recording was completed, Breyer departed the band due to a lack of interest in music.


title: Agalloch

text: After a hiatus, the band released an EP of unreleased material from 1998–2001 titled "Of Stone, Wind, and Pillor", revealing more neoclassical and experimental elements. The EP also included a cover of "Kneel to the Cross" by neofolk band Sol Invictus that would later be released on "Sol Lucet Omnibus", French label Cynerfierrd's tribute compilation to Sol Invictus.


title: Agalloch

text: During the 2001 to early 2002 period, Agalloch recorded "The Mantle", featuring more of a post-rock influence. The album's sleeve art featured photographs of public statues and fountains found in downtown Portland. This album marked a change in media attention for Agalloch, landing them interviews with mainstream magazines.


title: Agalloch

text: Following the release of "The Mantle", Agalloch played their first show on March 6, 2003 in Portland, followed by a few additional shows in March and a US West Coast tour in May.


title: Agalloch

text: Two subsequent records, the "Tomorrow Will Never Come" 7" single (issued by The End's Infinite Vinyl Series in 2003) and "The Grey" (released by Vendlus Records in 2004), showcased an even more experimental side of Agalloch, featuring remixed and reworked versions of songs from "The Mantle" as well as a new post-rock-influenced title track on the B-side of "Tomorrow Will Never Come". Agalloch performed a series of shows on the North American East Coast in 2004.


title: Agalloch

text: A nature-themed split 10" picture disc single with the Finnish band Nest was also released in 2004, showcasing a collaborative, neofolk effort by Agalloch on the A-side. The Nest track, a more electronic, percussion-heavy effort, included vocal and guitar contributions by Haughm and Anderson.


title: Agalloch

text: Double vinyl reissues of "The Mantle" and "Pale Folklore" were released in 2005 in limited wooden boxes, complete with new artwork for both albums, to commemorate the band's single live performance of 2005 at the Day of the Equinox music festival held in Toronto on October 14, 2005.


title: Agalloch

text: "Ashes Against the Grain", the band's third full-length album, was released on August 8, 2006 by The End Records, featuring less focus on "The Mantle"'s prominent acoustic guitars and more emphasis on electric guitars and metal elements, giving the album a different sound than their previous releases.


title: Agalloch

text: On previous albums, Haughm had played drums, but wished to concentrate more on songwriting and guitar, so Chris Greene (who had joined the band for live shows beginning in 2003) played drums on all "Ashes Against the Grain" tracks except "Falling Snow" and "Not Unlike the Waves." After a 2006 European tour, Greene exited the band, replaced by Aesop Dekker of Ludicra.


title: Agalloch

text: "Ashes Against the Grain" completed the band's contract with The End Records, and in April 2008, Agalloch decided against renewing the contract.


title: Agalloch

text: On February 29, 2008, Agalloch released "The White", the second half (and stylistic opposite) of their two-part EP release for Vendlus. As with "The Grey", the album was limited to 2,000 copies. "The White" collected dark folk/ambient work from 2004–2007, with a sound more akin to the acoustic guitar approach of "The Mantle". The tracks "The Isle of Summer", "Sowilo Rune" and "Summerisle Reprise" were based on themes from the 1973 film "The Wicker Man", with all three tracks utilizing samples from the film. The track "Birch White" borrowed its lyrics from a song by A.S.J. Tessimond titled "Birch Tree". "Sowilo Rune" was posted on Agalloch's official MySpace page roughly two months before the album was released.


title: Agalloch

text: On August 4, 2008, Agalloch released a compilation album called "The Demonstration Archive 1996–1998" on Licht von Dämmerung Arthouse, collecting material recorded between 1996 and 1998 including the "From Which of This Oak" and "Promo 1998" demos and the then-unreleased "Of Stone, Wind, and Pillor" EP.


title: Agalloch

text: On August 12, 2009, "From Which of This Oak" was re-released as a picture disk by German label Eisenwald Tonschmiede.


title: Agalloch

text: Agalloch recorded a track, "Nebelmeer", with German artist Mathias Grassow for the compilation album "Der Wanderer über dem Nebelmeer" (English: "Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog") released by Pest Productions in March 2010.


title: Agalloch

text: A two-CD compilation album named "The Compendium Archive 1996 – 2006" was released by Licht von Dämmerung Arthouse on March 20, 2010, limited to 250 copies. The album was intended to be sold exclusively at two shows played by the band in Romania during March 2010; however, 85 unsold copies were subsequently sold on eBay by the band during May 2010. Disc one was an exact copy of "The Demonstration Archive", while disc two contained material recorded during the 2000–2006 period and previously released on "Of Stone, Wind, and Pillor", "Tomorrow Will Never Come" and the split with Nest, as well as alternate versions of tracks from "The Mantle" and "Ashes Against the Grain" and some previously unreleased tracks.


title: Agalloch

text: On June 7, 2010, Agalloch posted a blog entry on MySpace stating that the fourth album would be released on the Canadian record label Profound Lore Records, which had also released the first two Agalloch albums on vinyl in 2005. The band stated that the album would be recorded throughout June and July 2010 but did not list the album's title or release date.


title: Agalloch

text: On September 21, 2010, Agalloch officially announced the title of their fourth full-length as "Marrow of the Spirit". The album was released in mid-November on Profound Lore.


title: Agalloch

text: In an interview with "Exclaim!" magazine, in regards to the production of "Marrow of the Spirit", Haughm stated, “We wanted an album that sounded more alive and real...Our last album was a bit too mechanized, too polished, and that kind of disturbed us. So we brought back the older methods that we had utilized on our demos and first album to try and get back a more organic feeling.”


title: Agalloch

text: A tour-only edition of "Marrow of the Spirit" was issued by Licht von Dämmerung/Profound Lore, including a CD, photo cards and a bonus 7" featuring two tracks: "Nihil Totem" and "The Weight of Darkness".


title: Agalloch

text: On June 26, 2012, Agalloch released the "Faustian Echoes" EP on Licht von Dämmerung Arthouse, consisting of just one 21-minute-long song (the longest song Agalloch has ever written). Agalloch toured North America in July and August 2012 to support the release.


title: Agalloch

text: On October 13, 2013, Agalloch stated that they have "a new album in the works". On January 31, 2014, the band announced that "The Serpent & the Sphere" would be released on May 13 by Profound Lore. Following the US release, it was issued in Germany on May 16 and Europe on May 19. The album featured guest Nathanaël Larochette of Musk Ox on acoustic guitar. Also on May 16, Licht von Dämmerung Arthouse released a 7" vinyl single of album track "Alpha Serpentis (Unukalhai)", credited to Agalloch and Nathanaël Larochette and limited to 350 copies.


title: Agalloch

text: On May 13, 2016, Agalloch announced that they had disbanded. The announcement came in the form of a Facebook post on the band's official page:


title: Agalloch

text: Following 20 years, 5 full-length albums, many tours around the world, and numerous other recordings, John Haughm and the rest of the band (Don Anderson, Jason Walton, and Aesop Dekker) have parted ways. What the future holds for the separate parties remains undetermined. We collectively thank all of our fans across the world. There are also way too many other people to thank who made this band possible. You know who you are.


title: Agalloch

text: On September 16th, 2016, Haughm announced the formation of a new band called Pillorian, while Anderson, Walton and Dekker began a new project called Khôrada with vocalist Aaron John Gregory of Giant Squid. Pillorian's debut album, "Obsidian Arc", was released on March 10, 2017. Khôrada's debut album, "Salt", was released on July 20, 2018.


title: Agalloch

text: Agalloch performed a progressive and avant-garde style of folk metal that encompassed an eclectic range of tendencies including neofolk, post-rock, black metal and doom metal.


title: Agalloch

text: Common themes in Agalloch's imagery and subject matter were the beauty of nature, winter, melancholy and allusions to ancestral paganism. Don Anderson described Norse mythology as a major influence on the band and said that "heathen culture" was the main inspiration for frontman John Haughm in particular. Anderson said that the band's take on Ralph Waldo Emerson's philosophy could be viewed as a kind of worship of nature, but that no one in the band practiced paganism as a religion.


title: Agalloch

text: Agalloch also used non-traditional instruments, such as a deer skull. In the song "The Lodge", Haughm struck the deer skull to create an unusual clicking sound.


title: Agalloch

text: In a 1999 Wicked World interview with Haughm and Walton, done by Dan Tobin, the band members listed influences including Katatonia, Ulver, The 3rd and the Mortal, Swans and Godspeed You! Black Emperor. In another interview with the Metal Rules webzine, the band cited filmmakers such as Alejandro Jodorowsky, Jim Jarmusch and Ingmar Bergman as influences. They have also referenced literary works, as on "Faustian Echoes". In another interview, John lists Bethlehem, Fields Of The Nephilim, Coil, Arvo Pärt, Death In June, Steve Reich, and Joy Division as influences. He also says that Rush is his "favorite band in the world".


title: Kano model

text: The Kano model is a theory for product development and customer satisfaction developed in the 1980s by Professor Noriaki Kano, which classifies customer preferences into five categories.


title: Kano model

text: These categories have been translated into English using various names (delighters/exciters, satisfiers, dissatisfiers, etc.), but all refer to the original articles written by Kano.