title: External ballistics

text: The table shows that the gyroscopic drift cannot be predicted on weight and diameter alone. In order to make accurate predictions on gyroscopic drift several details about both the external and internal ballistics must be considered. Factors such as the twist rate of the barrel, the velocity of the projectile as it exits the muzzle, barrel harmonics, and atmospheric conditions, all contribute to the path of a projectile.


title: External ballistics

text: Spin stabilized projectiles are affected by the Magnus effect, whereby the spin of the bullet creates a force acting either up or down, perpendicular to the sideways vector of the wind.


title: External ballistics

text: In the simple case of horizontal wind, and a right hand (clockwise) direction of rotation, the Magnus effect induced pressure differences around the bullet cause a downward (wind from the right) or upward (wind from the left) force viewed from the point of firing to act on the projectile, affecting its point of impact. The vertical deflection value tends to be small in comparison with the horizontal wind induced deflection component, but it may nevertheless be significant in winds that exceed 4 m/s (14.4 km/h or 9 mph).


title: External ballistics

text: The Magnus effect has a significant role in bullet stability because the Magnus force does not act upon the bullet's center of gravity, but the center of pressure affecting the "yaw" of the bullet. The Magnus effect will act as a "destabilizing" force on any bullet with a center of pressure located "ahead" of the center of gravity, while conversely acting as a "stabilizing" force on any bullet with the center of pressure located "behind" the center of gravity. The location of the center of pressure depends on the flow field structure, in other words, depending on whether the bullet is in supersonic, transonic or subsonic flight. What this means in practice depends on the shape and other attributes of the bullet, in any case the Magnus force greatly affects stability because it tries to "twist" the bullet along its flight path.


title: External ballistics

text: Paradoxically, very-low-drag bullets due to their length have a tendency to exhibit greater Magnus destabilizing errors because they have a greater surface area to present to the oncoming air they are travelling through, thereby reducing their aerodynamic efficiency. This subtle effect is one of the reasons why a calculated C or BC based on shape and sectional density is of limited use.


title: External ballistics

text: Another minor cause of drift, which depends on the nose of the projectile being above the trajectory, is the Poisson Effect. This, if it occurs at all, acts in the same direction as the gyroscopic drift and is even less important than the Magnus effect. It supposes that the uptilted nose of the projectile causes an air cushion to build up underneath it. It further supposes that there is an increase of friction between this cushion and the projectile so that the latter, with its spin, will tend to roll off the cushion and move sideways.


title: External ballistics

text: This simple explanation is quite popular. There is, however, no evidence to show that increased pressure means increased friction and unless this is so, there can be no effect. Even if it does exist it must be quite insignificant compared with the gyroscopic and Coriolis drifts.


title: External ballistics

text: Both the Poisson and Magnus Effects will reverse their directions of drift if the nose falls below the trajectory. When the nose is off to one side, as in equilibrium yaw, these effects will make minute alterations in range.


title: External ballistics

text: The Coriolis effect causes Coriolis drift in a direction perpendicular to the Earth's axis; for most locations on Earth and firing directions, this deflection includes horizontal and vertical components. The deflection is to the right of the trajectory in the northern hemisphere, to the left in the southern hemisphere, upward for eastward shots, and downward for westward shots. The vertical Coriolis deflection is also known as the Eötvös effect. Coriolis drift is not an aerodynamic effect; it is a consequence of the rotation of the Earth.


title: External ballistics

text: The magnitude of the Coriolis effect is small. For small arms, the magnitude of the Coriolis effect is generally insignificant (for high powered rifles in the order of about at ), but for ballistic projectiles with long flight times, such as extreme long-range rifle projectiles, artillery, and rockets like intercontinental ballistic missiles, it is a significant factor in calculating the trajectory. The magnitude of the drift depends on the firing and target location, azimuth of firing, projectile velocity and time of flight.


title: External ballistics

text: Viewed from a non-rotating reference frame (i.e. not one rotating with the Earth) and ignoring the forces of gravity and air resistance, a projectile moves in a straight line. When viewed from a reference frame fixed with respect to the Earth, that straight trajectory appears to curve sideways. The direction of this horizontal curvature is to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere, and does not depend on the azimuth of the shot. The horizontal curvature is largest at the poles and decreases to zero at the equator.


title: External ballistics

text: The Eötvös effect changes the perceived gravitational pull on a moving object based on the relationship between the direction and velocity of movement and the direction of the Earth's rotation.


title: External ballistics

text: The Eötvös effect is largest at the equator and decreases to zero at the poles. It causes eastward-traveling projectiles to deflect upward, and westward-traveling projectiles to deflect downward. The effect is less pronounced for trajectories in other directions, and is zero for trajectories aimed due north or south. In the case of large changes of momentum, such as a spacecraft being launched into Earth orbit, the effect becomes significant. It contributes to the fastest and most fuel-efficient path to orbit: a launch from the equator that curves to a directly eastward heading.


title: External ballistics

text: Though not forces acting on projectile trajectories there are some equipment related factors that influence trajectories. Since these factors can cause otherwise unexplainable external ballistic flight behavior they have to be briefly mentioned.


title: External ballistics

text: Lateral jump is caused by a slight lateral and rotational movement of a gun barrel at the instant of firing. It has the effect of a small error in bearing. The effect is ignored, since it is small and varies from round to round.


title: External ballistics

text: Lateral throw-off is caused by mass imbalance in applied spin stabilized projectiles or pressure imbalances during the transitional flight phase when a projectile leaves a gun barrel off axis leading to static imbalance. If present it causes dispersion. The effect is unpredictable, since it is generally small and varies from projectile to projectile, round to round and/or gun barrel to gun barrel.


title: External ballistics

text: The maximum practical range of all small arms and especially high-powered sniper rifles depends mainly on the aerodynamic or ballistic efficiency of the spin stabilised projectiles used. Long-range shooters must also collect relevant information to calculate elevation and windage corrections to be able to achieve first shot strikes at point targets. The data to calculate these fire control corrections has a long list of variables including:


title: External ballistics

text: The ambient air density is at its maximum at Arctic sea level conditions. Cold gunpowder also produces lower pressures and hence lower muzzle velocities than warm powder. This means that the maximum practical range of rifles will be at it shortest at Arctic sea level conditions.


title: External ballistics

text: The ability to hit a point target at great range has a lot to do with the ability to tackle environmental and meteorological factors and a good understanding of exterior ballistics and the limitations of equipment. Without (computer) support and highly accurate laser rangefinders and meteorological measuring equipment as aids to determine ballistic solutions, long-range shooting beyond 1000 m (1100 yd) at unknown ranges becomes guesswork for even the most expert long-range marksmen.


title: External ballistics

text: Here is an example of a ballistic table for a .30 calibre Speer 169 grain (11 g) pointed boat tail match bullet, with a BC of 0.480. It assumes sights 1.5 inches (38 mm) above the bore line, and sights adjusted to result in point of aim and point of impact matching 200 yards (183 m) and 300 yards (274 m) respectively.


title: External ballistics

text: This table demonstrates that, even with a fairly aerodynamic bullet fired at high velocity, the "bullet drop" or change in the point of impact is significant. This change in point of impact has two important implications. Firstly, estimating the distance to the target is critical at longer ranges, because the difference in the point of impact between 400 and is 25–32 in (depending on zero), in other words if the shooter estimates that the target is 400 yd away when it is in fact 500 yd away the shot will impact 25–32 in (635–813 mm) below where it was aimed, possibly missing the target completely. Secondly, the rifle should be zeroed to a distance appropriate to the typical range of targets, because the shooter might have to aim so far above the target to compensate for a large bullet drop that he may lose sight of the target completely (for instance being outside the field of view of a telescopic sight). In the example of the rifle zeroed at , the shooter would have to aim 49 in or more than 4 ft (1.2 m) above the point of impact for a target at 500 yd.


title: Turtles Forever

text: Turtles Forever is a 2009 American animated superhero television film based on the superhero team the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. A crossover film featuring three different incarnations of the Ninja Turtles fighting together, it was produced in celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and serves as the series finale to the 2003 series. The film aired on The CW4Kids on November 21, 2009.


title: Turtles Forever

text: The Ninja Turtles and their master Splinter are startled to watch a video broadcast of the Turtles fighting the Purple Dragons on TV. The Turtles break into the Purple Dragons' HQ and discover that their "imposters" are actually alternate versions of themselves. They escape together, but the 2003 Turtles find the 1987 team too difficult to control, until they summon Splinter, in whose presence the 1987-Turtles explain that they landed here after fighting their Shredder and Krang over mutagen in the Technodrome. During the battle, the dimensional teleporter malfunctioned, sending them all to the 2003 dimension. Checking recent tremor reports, the Turtles find the Technodrome, only to have to battle an army of Foot-Bots led by Bebop and Rocksteady.


title: Turtles Forever

text: When the 1987-Shredder sees the two Turtle teams, he theorizes that another Shredder might exist in this dimension. After escaping the Turtles, Shredder and Krang locate Ch'rell, the Utrom Shredder, on an icy asteroid where he is banished. After Ch'rell is thawed out, they find him too insane for an alliance and try to vivisect him. However, his adopted daughter Karai, who had been monitoring his exile, breaks into the Technodrome and frees him, declaring the weapon's technology property of the Foot Clan.


title: Turtles Forever

text: While tracking the Technodrome, the Turtles and Splinter are attacked by Hun and the Purple Dragons, who want their mutagen. In the course of the fight, Hun accidentally becomes exposed to it and turns into a mutant turtle. He wanders until coming upon the Technodrome, now under the control of The Utrom Shredder, who takes Hun back into his service.


title: Turtles Forever

text: Ch'rell and Karai begin remaking the Technodrome and creating their army. Using the trans-dimensional portal, Utrom Shredder learns there are many parallel universes filled with Ninja Turtles. Hun, Bebop and Rocksteady are dispatched alongside an army of Utrom Foot-Bots to capture the Turtles, breaking into their lair and it begins crumbling, forcing the Turtles to use their own dimensional portal projector to escape into the 1987 universe while Splinter is captured by Hun. While the turtles are preparing for their fight, they realize that Shredder has started attacking the 2003 universe with the upgraded Technodrome. Casey Jones and April O'Neil try to hold the enemy off, before the Turtle teams arrive. After entering the Technodrome to find Splinter, they are Captured by Utrom Shredder, who announces his plans of wiping out every version of the Ninja Turtles across the multiverse by destroying them in their source dimension, the "Turtle Prime". By scanning the eight turtles DNA, he finds the dimension, but the turtles themselves are saved by Karai who has started to question her father's goals. The turtles are joined by April and Casey and explain the situation to them, they later realize that Shredder has started his plans and their dimension is being erased. They grab some equipment from the Dragon's HQ and after a brief fight with them and Hun which results in their erasure, they escape.


title: Turtles Forever

text: Despite April and Casey being erased as well, the Turtles arrive to the Turtles Prime and quickly encounter their prime counterparts. After some explanation, the twelve Turtles team up together and are joined by Splinter, Karai, '87 Shredder and Krang against the Utrom Shredder. During the scuffle, Ch'rell's exo-suit grows giant but proved to be vulnerable to Technodrome's laser beam. Everyone tries knocking him into the beam before Rocksteady accidentally deactivates it, Utrom Shredder seizes the Prime Turtles and proceeds to destroy them and the entire multiverse, despite knowing he will be destroyed as well, but the 1987 turtles break his balance and save the Prime Turtles and Bebop unknowingly reactivates Technodrome's laser beam which vaporizes Ch'rell in the process.


title: Turtles Forever

text: With their foe defeated and their worlds restored, the two turtle teams along with their allies return to their respective worlds while the Prime Turtles decide to go get some pizza. As somewhere else, in the real world, Peter Laird and Kevin Eastman put the finishing touches on the first issue of "Eastman and Laird's Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles", and go out themselves to get pizza.


title: Turtles Forever

text: Additionally, Jason Griffith voices 1984 Leonardo, an alternate version of Leo from the 1984 Mirage comics universe; Clay Adams voices 1984 Donatello, an alternate version of Donnie from the 1984 Mirage comics universe; Sean Schemmel voices 1984 Raphael, an alternate version of Raph from the 1984 Mirage comics universe; David Wills voices both 1987 Splinter, an alternate version of Splinter from the 1987 cartoon universe, and 1984 Shredder, an alternate version of Shredder from the 1984 Mirage comics universe; Rebecca Soler voices 1987 April, an alternate version of April from the 1987 cartoon universe; and Peter Laird and Kevin Eastman make voiceover cameos as themselves.


title: Turtles Forever

text: None of the original voice cast from the 1987 cartoon series reprised their roles nor was the original music from the show used in this special. In the actors' case, the original voice cast are members of SAG-AFTRA, with which 4Kids did not have a contract. For the score, most of the music from the 1987 series is owned by Lionsgate and would require a license fee to be used in the show. For a cost-effective solution, the special used many of the productions' frequent talents and used their in-score team to make a soundtrack reminiscent of the original series.


title: Turtles Forever

text: An edited version of the movie was released on July 11, 2009, worldwide on TV. The film was then released on July 29 in New Zealand, Australia, and Canada. In other countries, the film aired on The CW as part of their Saturday morning The CW4Kids lineup on November 21, as part of a 25th anniversary celebration which featured a top-10 episode countdown preceding the film's television premiere. In the United States, an uncut version aired from October 31 to November 14 in a form where three weekly 26 minute episodes were shown in a half-hour slot per week.


title: Turtles Forever

text: The uncut version of the film later appeared on the CW4Kids's website on November 16, 2009, which includes 8 minutes of footage cut from the original version that aired on TV. The edited version was released on non-anamorphic widescreen DVD on November 21 from Nickelodeon/Paramount Home Entertainment. The uncut anamorphic widescreen version was later released in 2011 on DVD in the PAL DVD regions (2 and 4). There are currently no plans for an American release of the uncut anamorphic version on home video.


title: Turtles Forever

text: The edited version of the movie (which was used for some TV airings and the Region 1 DVD release) removed several additional scenes which remain intact in the "uncut" version of the movie. Some of those key scenes include:


title: Turtles Forever

text: "Turtles Forever" received mixed reviews from fans and critics. Alan Ng of "Film Threat" gave the film 5/10, calling the film "incredibly dated" and the lack of connection felt towards the different sets of Turtles, with "the 1987 crew [...] a little more mature than their 2003 counterparts". The review from DVD Talk called Turtles Forever a "mostly forgettable endeavour" and said that the "cheap shots [against the 1987 Turtles] are pathetic and get old immediately".


title: Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)

text: Avatar: The Last Airbender: The Video Game (Also known as Avatar: The Legend of Aang in Europe) is a video game based on the . It was released for the Game Boy Advance, Microsoft Windows, GameCube, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, Wii, and Xbox. The game was a launch title for the Wii in North America. All versions feature an original story set between Book 1 and Book 2 of the series, except for the Microsoft Windows version, which features a different story, based on Book 1, and different gameplay.


title: Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)

text: The "Avatar: The Last Airbender" video game allows the player to control one of four characters – Aang, , , or Sokka – in a single-player adventure. Each character uses his or her own trademark weapon and fighting style, and is able to earn new special abilities through experience gained from defeating enemies. A variety of items can help the player with quests, or during battle (armor, chi, enchanted accessories, and healing potions). The game also enables the player to collect certain resources and bring them to artisans to make special items. Enemies include classic Firebenders, machines, and a variety of animals from the show, mainly the first book.


title: Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)

text: The Wii version varies with regard to the hot/cold minigame where the player's controller vibrates to help the player find hidden items. When the player finds the item, in most console versions, the player repeats a rhythm minigame until having a successful round. In the Wii version, there is a calligraphy minigame with the Wiimote instead. In combat, the Wii version requires that the player swings the Wiimote while pressing the button for a special move (in Aang's case, swinging his staff down to unleash a gust of air to knock enemies down), whereas the other versions only require pressing the button.


title: Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)

text: The main playable characters in the "Avatar: The Last Airbender" video game are Aang, , Sokka, and , the former three of which are main characters in the television series the video game is based on.


title: Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)

text: Aang is the fun-loving, 112-year-old (physically 12) protagonist of the video game, he was frozen in an iceberg for a century. He is the current incarnation of the Avatar, a human whose essence is forever bonded with that of the Avatar Spirit of Light and Peace. As the Avatar, Aang must master all four elements to bring peace to the world and restore the order between the Four Nations. Aiding him is the fourteen-year-old Katara, the sole remaining waterbender of the , and her older brother Sokka, a fifteen-year-old warrior of the Southern Water Tribe. Haru is a young teenage Earthbender who helps the gang in their mission to save a missing friend. Many characters from the show appear on this; , who appears in the fourth level.


title: Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)

text: While training at the Northern Water Tribe, Avatar Aang and Katara hear reports of a waterbender, Hiryu, going missing, which they investigate. They arrive at the Water Tribe as a Fire Nation ship attacks, led by Prince Zuko. They are able to fend off the attackers, but Katara is captured during the battle. Aang and Sokka follow the ship, but are slowed by a firebending machine.


title: Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)

text: They follow the ship to an Earth Kingdom port. They slip into the jail and release Katara, who informs them of another prisoner named Lian the Maker, who is being forced to make machines for the Fire Nation. When they arrive at Lian's cell, they find it empty, except for a map to an Earth Kingdom village.


title: Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)

text: They find the village under attack by machines. After fending off the machines, picking up Haru and being informed that one of his earthbending friends Yuan was kidnapped, they travel to the library of Omashu for clues to where the machines might originate from. The information from the library leads them to an uncharted island.


title: Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)

text: On the island, they find Lian, making more machines. She fears that Avatar Aang will not be able to master all four elements before Sozin's comet arrives. Aang refused her help, seeing as how the machines were disrupting villages. Lian then voiced her contempt for him as she sends a machine to fight them to flee to the Air temple, attempting to destroy the Avatar statues. They stop Lian, but Katara, Sokka, and Haru are all captured by another machine.


title: Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)

text: Aang pursues Lian and the machine to a fortress. After Aang rescues his friends, they find Prince Zuko, also captured by a machine. Upon rescuing him, Prince Zuko attacks the group. At the end of the resulting fight, the Fire Nation prince is knocked over a cliff and swept over a waterfall.


title: Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)

text: The four enter the fortress, where they find Lian, where she finished a machine being operated by the missing waterbender Hiryu, Haru's friend Yuan and a nameless firebender. Lian tries to attach Aang to the machine, but he battles it instead. During the fight, Katara is struck down, causing a furious Aang to enter the powerful Avatar State and destroy the machine once and for all, burying Lian under its rubble, killing her (though she survives in the portable versions of the game.)


title: Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)

text: As the four leave the fortress, Prince Zuko is seen crawling up on the shoreline, grumbling angrily, due to having failed to capture the Avatar.


title: Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)

text: Despite mixed critical reviews, THQ's "Avatar: The Last Airbender" performed well commercially, selling over one million units worldwide as of February 2007 and becoming THQ's top-selling Nickelodeon product of 2006. The game even went on to achieve Sony Computer Entertainment's "Greatest Hits" status for the PlayStation 2 on July 19, 2007.


title: Jeepers Creepers (song)

text: "Jeepers Creepers" is a popular song and jazz standard. The music was written by Harry Warren and the lyrics by Johnny Mercer for the 1938 movie "Going Places". It was premiered by Louis Armstrong and has been covered by many other musicians. The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1938 but lost to "Thanks for the Memory". The song was included in the 1984 Smithsonian collection "American Popular Song: Six Decades of Songwriters and Singers" and in the 1998 album "The Songs of Harry Warren."


title: Jeepers Creepers (song)

text: In 1930s Hollywood, black actors were not filmed singing to each other, so Armstrong sang it to a racehorse named Jeepers Creepers. The phrase "jeepers creepers", a minced oath for "Jesus Christ," predates both the song and film. Mercer said that the title came from a Henry Fonda line in an earlier movie. The lyrics include:


title: Corey Kispert

text: Corey James Kispert (born March 3, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for the Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Gonzaga Bulldogs, where he was a consensus first-team All-American as a senior.


title: Corey Kispert

text: Kispert grew up in Edmonds, Washington and attended King's High School. As a junior, he averaged 23.9 points, 6.8 rebounds, 3.4 assists and 2.3 steals per game, led the team to their second straight state title, and was named the MVP of the State Championship Tournament. Rated a four-star recruit, Kispert committed to play college basketball at Gonzaga over Notre Dame after his junior season. Kispert was averaging 25 points per game during his senior year before breaking his foot in February.


title: Corey Kispert

text: Kispert said in 2021 that Virginia head coach Tony Bennett told Kispert he "needed to see Corey play more against top competition before deciding if he could play at Virginia" and that motivated him to "stick it to" Virginia in an early season game; Virginia had recruited Kispert but did not offer him a scholarship before he committed to Gonzaga.


title: Corey Kispert

text: As a true freshman Kispert played in all 35 of Gonzaga's games with seven starts, averaging 6.7 points and 3.2 rebounds per game. He became a starter for the Bulldogs going into his sophomore season, averaging 8.0 points and 4.1 rebounds per game.


title: Corey Kispert

text: Kispert entered his junior season on the Julius Erving Award watchlist and as Gonzaga's only returning starter from the previous year. After scoring less than five points in his previous three games, Kispert scored 28 points and made seven of eight three point attempts on November 28, 2019 against Southern Mississippi in the opening round of the 2019 Battle 4 Atlantis. He scored 26 points with five three pointers made against North Carolina in a 94–81 victory. At the conclusion of the regular season, Kispert was named to the First Team All-West Coast Conference. Kispert averaged 13.9 points per game as a junior. Following the season, he declared for the 2020 NBA draft but did not hire an agent. Kispert ultimately decided to return for his senior season on August 3.


title: Corey Kispert

text: Coming into his senior season, Kispert was named to the Preseason All-West Coast Conference team. He scored his 1,000th career point in the season opener against Kansas as part of a 23-point performance in the 102–90 victory. On December 26, 2020, Kispert scored a career-high 32 points, tying the school record with nine three-pointers, in a 98–75 win against Virginia. He led Gonzaga to a 31–1 record, its only loss coming against Baylor in the national championship game. Kispert was named WCC Player of the Year and won the Julius Erving Award as the top small forward in the nation. As a senior, he averaged 18.6 points and five rebounds per game.


title: Corey Kispert

text: On July 29, 2021, Kispert was drafted with the 15th overall pick in the 2021 NBA draft by the Washington Wizards. He played in 77 games during his rookie campaign.


title: Xanth

text: Anthony originally intended for Xanth to be a trilogy, but a devoted fan base persuaded the author to continue writing the series, which is now open-ended. He has stated that he has kept the series going as long as he has because the Xanth novels are "just about all that publishers want" from him.


title: Xanth

text: The novels are set in the fantasy world of Xanth, in which magic exists and every human has a magical "talent." The books have been noted for their extensive use of wordplay and puns.


title: Xanth

text: Since the peak of its popularity in the 1970s and 1980s, the series has been criticized by many scholars and reviewers for what they characterize as misogynist and pedophilic undertones; one reviewer has called it the "most divisive non-media publishing enterprise in all


title: Xanth

text: Each human character in Xanth is born with a unique magical ability, called a talent. With the exception of the curse fiends, the winged centaurs, and the child Surprise Golem (Daughter of Rapunzel and Grundy Golem), these abilities never repeat exactly in individuals throughout the entire history of Xanth (although nearly identical talents show up on occasion). Though many talents are limited in scope (called the "spot-on-a-wall" variety), the series focuses mainly on individuals with "Magician" caliber abilities (one of the criteria for serving as King of Xanth).


title: Xanth

text: In addition to the human characters, Xanth is populated by elves, centaurs, demons, dragons, fauns, gargoyles, goblins, golems, harpies, merfolk, naga, nymphs, ogres, zombies, curse fiends, and other fictional beasts. Though initially introduced as obstacles to the human characters, some individuals from those groups become main characters in later books of the series.


title: Xanth

text: As the series progresses, some of the half-human species are discovered to have the potential to possess magical talents. The centaurs of the primary centaur community, Centaur Isle, exile any centaurs who demonstrate a magical talent (although some centaur communities are more lenient about possession of talent); however, they tolerate talents in "lesser" races such as humans. Goblins and harpies are shown to have the potential to possess half-talents, the complementary half existing in a member of the other species, (i.e., a goblin must team with a harpy for them to utilize their talent); the hostility between goblins and harpies proved a major obstacle to any serious effort by them to work together to develop these potential talents. Other non-human species are also known to possess talents, for example: Sesame Serpent and Claire Voyant. Visitors from other dimensions with talents retain their talents after arriving in Xanth.


title: Xanth

text: Geographically, modern Xanth resembles the state of Florida in the United States in shape, but has landmarks that mimic well-known geographical features from around the world. One major example of this is the Gap Chasm, an enormous canyon a mile wide which completely bisects the country, paralleling the DMZ of the Korean Peninsula. The position of the Chasm could also correspond with the Cross Florida Barge Canal, which, similar to the chasm, is generally forgotten except for those who stumble upon it. The Gap is guarded by a resident dragon, known as Stanley Steamer, and is crossed by means of treacherous bridges. Many of Xanth's other geographical features are puns on those of Florida (for example, Lake Ogre-Chobee and the Kiss-Mee River). The Florida Keys also exist, though they are, in Xanth, actual keys. Other punning feature names include the Isle of View ("I love you"), Mount Ever-Rest (Mount Everest) and the Centaur Aisle (center aisle) created by a magician from the Centaur Isle. The moon is close enough that flying creatures may land there; the back side is sweet and honeyish, the visible side has turned sour and become curdled cheese, due to observing what has happened on Earth and Xanth. Plants may bear fruit of all descriptions (pie trees and shoe trees are common) or they may be carnivorous (such as the tangle trees), making travel in Xanth risky.


title: Xanth

text: Xanth has a connection with the normal world, which is referred to as "Mundania"; its people are called "Mundanes". Although any citizen of Xanth can enter Mundania at any time through an isthmus in the northwest, Mundanes enter the isthmus in Xanth from random geographic locations and time periods throughout history. In other words, Xanth does not have a fixed location or time in the mundane world; and the timeline between Xanth and Mundania seems to jump backwards and forwards. For example, within the lifetime of a normal citizen of Xanth, an American Mundane from 2022 and an Egyptian Mundane from 3000 BC could both walk across the isthmus. However, Mundanes seem to have trouble finding Xanth on a consistent basis, making any travel to Xanth a somewhat rare occurrence. Despite these seeming difficulties, Xanth was colonized in several waves by groups of invaders and nomads from Mundania over the course of several centuries. The series ties these colonization events to actual historical events on Earth, most notably the Punic wars.


title: Xanth

text: First mentioned in "Crewel Lye", the Adult Conspiracy is one of the prominent features of the Xanth world. In an interview with Moira Allen, Piers Anthony referred to the "Adult conspiracy to keep interesting things from children" as a literary device "parodying current societal conventions". Nearly all subsequent books contain references to the Conspiracy and its effects, particularly those novels in which the main characters are children.


title: Xanth

text: At its core, the Adult Conspiracy seeks to protect children from knowledge that could bring them to great harm. The precise age for entering into the world of adults is age 18, corresponding to the age of majority in most places. The primary principle that inducts children into the Conspiracy is the understanding of the secret of "summoning the stork". In Xanthian terms, "summoning the stork" literally means to put out a call to summon a stork which will deliver to the couple a child. In Isle of View, it is revealed that summoning the stork will release an "ellipsis" (...) into the air to fly off to the stork. This is a play on the joke that all the "adult" things happen after a paragraph ends in an ellipsis. Most inductees actually discover the specifics of the act "by accident" after marriage, or under the influence of a love spring (a magical spring which causes two drinkers, not necessarily human, or even of the same species, to fall madly, and lustfully, in love with one another at first sight).


title: Xanth

text: It is important to note that there have been occasions when children gained access to the Adult Conspiracy prematurely. Jenny Elf, Che Centaur, and Gwenny Goblin had to be given access to the Adult Conspiracy when Gwenny received a pair of contact lenses that corrected her poor eyesight while giving her the ability to see others' dreams (some of which could contain Conspiracy material). In one rare instance, a little girl was born with the magic talent of immunity to the magical censorship of Adult Conspiracy, causing her family much distress. This was remedied with magician Sherlock's talent of reversal and a vial of lethe water which erased her memory.


title: Square Deal

text: The Square Deal was Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program, which reflected his three major goals: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection.


title: Square Deal

text: These three demands are often referred to as the "three Cs" of Roosevelt's Square Deal. Thus, it aimed at helping middle class citizens and involved attacking plutocracy and bad trusts while at the same time protecting business from the most extreme demands of organized labor. He explained in 1901–1909:


title: Square Deal

text: When I say that I am for the square deal, I mean not merely that I stand for fair play under the present rules of the game, but that I stand for having those rules changed so as to work for a more substantial equality of opportunity and of reward for equally good service.


title: Square Deal

text: A progressive Republican, Roosevelt believed in government action to mitigate social evils, and as president he in 1908 denounced "the representatives of predatory wealth" as guilty of "all forms of iniquity from the oppression of wage workers to unfair and unwholesome methods of crushing competition, and to defrauding the public by stock-jobbing and the manipulation of securities."


title: Square Deal

text: During his second term, Roosevelt tried to extend his Square Deal further, but was blocked by conservative Republicans in Congress.


title: Square Deal

text: The press was using the term "Square Deal" as early as 1871 in a "New York Times" local news article that reads "Many of the inscriptions on the front of trucks, drays, and other vehicles are quite amusing. On one there is a picture of a hand containing four aces, and over it is inscribed square deal." In 1888, in "letters from the people" (letters to the editor), one writer signed off as "Square Deal". In 1890, the phrase started to appear in headlines, e.g., "Give China a Square Deal" and "Not a Square Deal".


title: Square Deal

text: An early usage of "square deal" by Theodore Roosevelt in the press occurred in 1899, when "The New York Times" quoted his saying, "I did not appoint a man because he came from Dr. Wall's or any other church; I gave each man a square deal on his own account. That is what I mean by Americanism."


title: Square Deal

text: In 1901, he declared "a square deal for every man, big or small, rich or poor" during a speech in Lynn, Massachusetts, recorded by stereograph (photo) image.


title: Square Deal

text: In a 1903 speech in Springfield, Illinois, he stated, "It seems to me eminently fitting that the guard around the tomb of Lincoln should be composed of colored soldiers. It was my own good fortune at Santiago to serve beside colored troops. A man who is good enough to shed his blood for his country is good enough to be given a square deal afterwards."


title: Square Deal

text: In October 1904, while Roosevelt was readying publication of his book "A Square Deal for Every Man" (Chicago, R. J. Thompson, 1905), "The New York Times" reported:


title: Square Deal

text: The 94-page pamphlet's 75 topics include: America, A Good American, Alaska, Anarchy, Army and Navy, Capital, Character, Charity, Citizenship, Farmer, Peace, Publicity, Trusts, Weaklings, and World Power. Some imitate the form of proverbs. During 1905, Roosevelt capitalized on his slogan in the newspapers, who added "square deal" to headlines:


title: Square Deal

text: Other politicians tried to capitalize on the phrase, too, e.g., U.S. Representative Henry Sherman Boutell of Illinois.


title: Square Deal

text: In 1903, with Roosevelt's support, Congress passed the Elkins Act. This stated that railroads were not allowed to give rebates to favored companies any longer. These rebates had treated small Midwestern farmers unfairly by not allowing them equal access to the services of the railroad. The Interstate Commerce Commission controlled the prices that railroads could charge.


title: Square Deal

text: Legislation was passed which specified that meat had to be processed safely with proper sanitation. Foodstuffs and drugs could no longer be mislabeled, nor could consumers be deliberately misled.


title: Square Deal

text: Roosevelt gave high priority to environmental conservation, and safeguarded millions of acres of wilderness from commercial exploitation. Roosevelt's conservation efforts were driven by practicality as well as by a love for nature. Influenced by early wise-use advocates like Gifford Pinchot, Roosevelt believed that nature existed to benefit humanity. In a conserved wilderness, water could be taken to irrigate farmland, sport could be had, and timber could be harvested. Acting on these beliefs, Roosevelt set up the federal Reclamation Service in 1902. The agency, through the use of dams and irrigation, created arable land in areas that had been too dry to farm, and the Reclamation Service eventually brought millions of acres of farmland into service. During Roosevelt's time in office, 24 reclamation projects were set up, and 150 national forests were created.


title: Square Deal

text: Roosevelt, moving to the left of his Republican Party base, called for a series of reforms that were mostly not passed. He sought a national incorporation law (all corporations had state charters, which varied greatly state by state). He called for a federal income tax, but the Supreme Court had that any income tax would require a constitutional amendment. Roosevelt sought an inheritance tax so the great family fortunes could not be inherited without the tax for generations.


title: Square Deal

text: In the area of labor legislation, Roosevelt called for limits on the use of court injunctions against labor unions during strikes (injunctions were a powerful weapon that mostly helped business). He wanted an employee liability law for industrial injuries (pre-empting state laws). He called for an eight-hour law for federal employees. In other areas he also sought a postal savings system to provide competition to local banks, and, finally, campaign finance reform.


title: Square Deal

text: He secured passage of the Hepburn Act in 1906, which increased the regulating power of the Interstate Commerce Commission. Eventually, many of the proposals he championed were enacted under Democrats Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Delano Roosevelt. When Roosevelt ran for president on an independent Progressive Party ticket in 1912, in addition to these policies he proposed stringent new controls on the court system, especially state courts, to make them more democratic. His court policies in particular caused his anointed successor, William Howard Taft, to lead a counter-crusade which defeated Roosevelt in the Republican presidential primaries in 1912.


title: Square Deal

text: Labor unions in the age of Samuel Gompers were generally on the Democratic side, but Roosevelt felt that favorable policies toward them would gain votes or at least neutralize their opposition. He had opposed unions in 1896, when they supported William Jennings Bryan, then came to appreciate their value after 1900. He played a central role in negotiating a compromise to end the Coal strike of 1902, which was threatening the nation's energy supply. He decided they also needed a square deal, and a stronger voice and collective bargaining with corporations.


title: Side effect

text: In medicine, a side effect is an effect, whether therapeutic or adverse, that is secondary to the one intended; although the term is predominantly employed to describe adverse effects, it can also apply to beneficial, but unintended, consequences of the use of a drug. Developing drugs is a complicated process, because no two people are exactly the same, so even drugs that have virtually no side effects, might be difficult for some people. Also, it is difficult to make a drug that targets one part of the body but that does not affect other parts, the fact that increases the risk of side effects in the untargeted parts.


title: Side effect

text: Occasionally, drugs are prescribed or procedures performed specifically for their side effects; in that case, said side effect ceases to be a side effect and is now an intended effect. For instance, X-rays were historically (and are currently) used as an imaging technique; the discovery of their oncolytic capability led to their employ in radiotherapy (ablation of malignant tumours).


title: Side effect

text: The World Health Organization and other health organisations characterise the probability or chance of experiencing side effects as:


title: Side effect

text: The European Commission recommends that the list should contain only effects where "at least a reasonable possibility" exists that it is caused by the drug and the frequency "should represent crude incidence rates (and not differences or relative risks calculated against placebo or other comparator)". That is, the frequency describes how often symptoms appear "after" taking the drug, not "caused by" the drug. Both health care providers and lay people misinterpret the frequency of side effects as describing the increase in frequency caused by the drug.


title: The War at Home (TV series)

text: The War at Home is an American sitcom created by Rob Lotterstein that ran from September 11, 2005, to April 22, 2007, on Fox. It follows the antics of a largely dysfunctional Long Island family. The show ran for two seasons, but was not renewed for a third season.


title: The War at Home (TV series)

text: The show depicts the daily lives of Dave and Vicky and their three children, Hillary, Larry, and Mike, on Long Island, New York, dealing with normal family issues. Dave is a middle class Jewish insurance salesman. He is often portrayed as insensitive and cynical, and sometimes as a paranoid, overprotective and hypocritical bigot. His family (especially Larry) find it difficult to accept his behavior. Dave is constantly scolded and insulted (and even punched once) by Larry for always picking on him. It is established toward the end of season one that Dave is the way he is because he had a father who constantly badgered him. Dave's wife Vicky is an attractive Italian-American Catholic part-time receptionist at a doctors' office. Generally levelheaded, she usually spends her time dealing with Dave's unreasonable behavior, but can be quite obnoxious herself.


title: The War at Home (TV series)

text: Of their three children, the oldest is Hillary (Kaylee DeFer), a typical 17-year-old who frequently misbehaves, trying to get away with bad behavior behind the backs of her parents, who often regard her with suspicion. Second oldest is 16-year-old Larry (Kyle Sullivan), an odd misfit given to emotional outbursts (such as when Vicky denies him permission to see Brian Boitano star as Bilbo Baggins in "The Lord of the Rings On Ice"). Larry is often seen with his best friend Kenny (Rami Malek). Initially Dave believes that the boys are both gay, but it is later revealed to the audience that while Larry is not gay, Kenny has a secret crush on Larry. Dave, and to a lesser extent Vicky, often treat Larry's flamboyancy with wary eyes. The youngest child, the pubescent 14-year-old Mike (Dean Collins), must deal with issues such as masturbation, dating and underage gambling. His character is portrayed as tougher and more cynical than Larry's.


title: The War at Home (TV series)

text: The series frequently breaks the fourth wall between segments of an episode, during which Dave or other characters deliver a rant or other comment directly relating to the scene.


title: The War at Home (TV series)

text: The show originally received negative reviews from critics, scoring a 28 out of 100 on Metacritic and 24% on Rotten Tomatoes. It received critical acclaim during its second season for its handling of Kenny's "coming out" story arc, including a Humanitas Prize nomination for Lotterstein, as well as a GLAAD Media Award nomination for "Outstanding Comedy Series".


title: Dwight's Speech

text: "Dwight's Speech" is the seventeenth episode of the second season of the American comedy television series "The Office", and the show's twenty-third episode overall. Written by Paul Lieberstein, and directed by Charles McDougall, the episode first aired in the United States on March 2, 2006 on NBC.


title: Dwight's Speech

text: The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In the episode, Michael Scott (Steve Carell) helps Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) with an important speech that he is going to give. Meanwhile, Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) plans a vacation to avoid Pam Beesly's (Jenna Fischer) wedding.


title: Dwight's Speech

text: The speech scene employed over 500 extras, an unusual occurrence for the series. Much of Dwight's speech is based upon real speeches by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. The episode received largely positive reviews from television critics. In its original broadcast, "Dwight's Speech" earned a Nielsen rating of 4.4 in the 18–49 demographic, being viewed by 8.4 million viewers.


title: Dwight's Speech

text: Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) is named Northeastern Pennsylvania Salesman of the Year and must make a speech at an association meeting at the Radisson Lackawanna Station Hotel, getting some assistance from Michael Scott (Steve Carell). Before he leaves, Jim Halpert (John Krasinski), in retaliation for Dwight's cocky attitude, gives him tips on how to give public speeches. Unknown to Dwight, Jim's tips are taken from speeches by famous dictators, such as Italian fascist leader Benito Mussolini. When Michael and Dwight make it to the convention, Dwight gets cold feet and Michael goes up and tries to relive his glory days of winning Salesman of the Year two years in a row, but ends up embarrassing himself on the stage. Dwight finally works up the nerve to give his speech and, by using Jim's advice, wins over the crowd with a passionate yet unorthodox speech. Michael ends up leaving the convention room and later entertains Dwight with his tales at the bar.


title: Dwight's Speech

text: Meanwhile, back in the office, Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) begins to write invitations for her approaching wedding with help from Ryan Howard (B. J. Novak) and Kelly Kapoor (Mindy Kaling). Kelly talks about her dreams of getting married someday and is visibly hurt when Ryan responds to her flirtatious question about future weddings by saying he doesn't think he'll ever tie the knot; when Kelly leaves the room, Pam advises Ryan to be considerate of Kelly's feelings, but Ryan curtly notes "I know what I said." Jim makes plans for a vacation anywhere away from Scranton, and while that happens, the other employees subtly duel over the thermostat. At the end of the episode, Jim tells Pam that he will be going to Australia and, unfortunately, he will be missing her wedding as a result.


title: Dwight's Speech

text: "Dwight's Speech" was directed by Charles McDougall, making it his second directing credit after the earlier second season episode "Christmas Party". "Dwight's Speech" was written by Paul Lieberstein, who plays human resources director Toby Flenderson. Lieberstein later revealed that Jim never went on his trip to Australia, noting "The whole Pam thing took him by surprise, he transferred and then wasn’t really up for vacation. Unless, of course, we find a good joke in his vacation."


title: Dwight's Speech

text: During the earlier scenes when Dwight is in Michael's office, Pam can be seen in the background talking to Meredith. According to actress Jenna Fischer, she and Kate Flannery stayed in character and acted out mundane talking scenes. Although they were not recorded, the dialogue was very detailed. In a guest post written for "TV Guide", Fischer described several of the conversations, which ranged from Pam and Meredith discussing "the problems with the new quality-assurance computer-input program", that the computers don't "accept both alpha and numeric characters", "backlog [of] receipts dating to 2001", and that Dunder Mifflin "changed to all-numeric product codes in 2004 and the computer system does not allow for the earlier records."


title: Dwight's Speech

text: The speech scene employed over 500 extras, which was unusual for "The Office", and was hectic for the crew to organize.


title: Dwight's Speech

text: The Season Two DVD contains a number of deleted scenes from this episode. Notable cut scenes include Dwight coming to work wearing sunglasses, Michael criticizing Dwight's speaking skills, Dwight trying to tell another joke to the office, Ryan bringing the wrong type of stamps for Pam's wedding invitations, and an extended scene of Michael's unfunny and very awkward speech.


title: Dwight's Speech

text: In order to practice his public speaking skills, Dwight tries to convince the office that Brad Pitt was in a car accident. Kelly Kapoor (Mindy Kaling) then states that it "is karma because of what he did to Jennifer Aniston." During the meeting in the break room Dwight references "Good Morning, Vietnam". Michael later references the movie at the actual convention when he is filling time for Dwight. When Jim asks the office where he should go for vacation, Kevin tells him he should go to Hedonism Resorts, describing it as "Club Med, only everything is naked." Toby tells him he should go to Amsterdam, while Creed informs him that he should go to Hong Kong. Dwight later reveals that he will be going to New Zealand to "walk the "Lord of the Rings" trail to Mordor and I will hike Mount Doom." Much of Dwight's speech is drawn from a variety of sources, including the following:


title: Dwight's Speech

text: "Dwight's Speech" originally aired on NBC on March 2, 2006. The episode received a 4.4 rating/10 percent share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. This means that it was seen by 4.4 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 10 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. The episode was viewed by 8.4 million viewers, and retained 88 percent of its lead-in "My Name Is Earl" audience. An encore presentation of the episode on August 15 received a 1.9 rating/6 percent share and was viewed by over 4.6 million viewers and retained 100 percent of its lead-in audience.


title: Dwight's Speech

text: "Dwight's Speech" received mostly positive reviews. Michael Sciannamea of TV Squad wrote that he wonders if the Jim-Pam relationship "will reach some sort of resolution or become a season-ending cliffhanger". Sciannamea also noted that "you know you're living in a Bizarro World when Dwight wins Dunder Mifflin's salesman of the year award." M. Giant of Television Without Pity graded the episode with an "A–." Francis Rizzo III of DVD Talk felt that Dwight's enlarged role was great, but noted that the episode was not as funny as his "strange behavior" in "The Injury."


title: Dwight's Speech

text: Betsy Bozdech of DVD Journal described "Dwight's Speech" as an instant classic. Not all reviews were so glowing. Brendan Babish of DVD Verdict felt that "Dwight's Speech" was "one of the few misfires" of the season, noting that it "certainly has laughs", but that "its humor is a bit too absurd compared to the show's usual riffs on office ennui". He ultimately gave the episode a "B−", but wrote that "Dwight's Speech" being the worst episode of the season was a "testament to the show's excellence."


title: Dwight's Speech

text: IGN ranked the scene with Dwight making his speech as its third-best moment in the first two seasons, and called Wilson's performance a "hilariously spot-on impersonation of Mussolini's crazed arm movements." In addition, "Rolling Stone" named the same scene the eighteenth-funniest scene in the first three seasons of "The Office".


title: Monthly Magazine Home

text: Monthly Magazine Home () is a South Korean television series directed by Lee Chang-min and starring Jung So-min, Kim Ji-seok, Jung Gun-joo and Kim Won-hae. The series follows the story of a 'house building' romance of a man who 'buys' houses and a woman who 'lives' in houses. It was premiered on JTBC on June 16, 2021 and aired every Wednesday and Thursday at 21:00 (KST) time slot till August 5, 2021. It is also available for streaming on iQIYI.


title: Monthly Magazine Home

text: It is a story about the romance of a man who 'buys' a house and a woman who 'lives' in the house. Na Young-won (Jung So-min) is an editor of the monthly living magazine 'House'. Yu Ja-seong (Kim Ji-seok) is the representative. The series tells the stories of the editors through House Magazine.


title: Monthly Magazine Home

text: On April 20, 2020, Jung So-min received an offer to play Na Young-won, a magazine editor of 10 years experience for magazine 'Home'. On September 22, 2020, Chae Jung-an considered to play 13-year editor of the magazine. In October 2020, the cast line up was announced. In January, 2021, the members of the 'Monthly House' were revealed by the production crew. Jung So-min and Kim Ji-suk have previously starred together in the 2013 KBS drama special "You Came to Me and Became a Star", this is their second time working together. Chae Jung-an is appearing in TV series after a hiatus of 2 years. She last appeared in 2019 JTBC series "Legal High".


title: Monthly Magazine Home

text: Principal photography of the series began in the end of July 2020 and the filming ended on April 1, 2021. The photos of Jung So-min and Kim Ji-seok from filming site were released on February 23, 2021.


title: Monthly Magazine Home

text: On April 27, 2021 release date of the series with a teaser poster was announced. The series was premiered on June 16, 2021 on JTBC at 21:00 KST. Streaming will also be available on IQIYI. The rating was 9.5/10 on IQIYI as of December 17, 2021.


title: Jay Foreman (comedian)

text: Foreman was raised in a Jewish household in Stanmore, London, with his brother and sister. His brother is beatboxer and musician Darren Foreman, also known as "Beardyman".


title: Jay Foreman (comedian)

text: From 1996 to 2003, Foreman was educated at Queen Elizabeth's School, a state grammar school for boys in Barnet, north London, followed by the University of York, where he began performing comedy songs on acoustic guitar in 2005.


title: Jay Foreman (comedian)

text: Foreman was featured as the "BBC New Talent Pick of the Fringe 2007", won Best Newcomer at the "Tuborg Musical Comedy awards 2009," and came third at the "Musical Comedy Awards 2010".


title: Jay Foreman (comedian)

text: In 2009, Foreman contributed jingles to the weekly comedy podcast Answer Me This!, and in 2011 and 2012, supported comedian Dave Gorman on "Dave Gorman's PowerPoint Presentation" tour.


title: Jay Foreman (comedian)

text: Foreman presented "The General Election Xplained", a film sent to every secondary school in the UK in 2010, which won gold at the New York Festival for Best PR Film.


title: Jay Foreman (comedian)

text: For several years, he has also performed shows at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, which include "Disgusting Songs For Revolting Children (And Other Funny Stories)", and "No More Colours" and "Mixtape".


title: Jay Foreman (comedian)

text: Foreman created his YouTube channel in April 2006, originally under the username "jayforeman51". It contains various clips from his comedy shows, tongue-in-cheek educational series such as "Map Men" (presented with Mark Cooper-Jones), "Politics Unboringed," "Unfinished London", and music videos for his songs; at times some of his original comedy is integrated into his in-video sponsor advertisements. As of 4 October 2022, Foreman has over 1.32 million subscribers and has amassed nearly 166 million views across all his public videos.


title: Jay Foreman (comedian)

text: "Map Men" is a series of educational YouTube videos co-presented with Mark Cooper-Jones. The series premiered in 2016. It consists of five to ten minute long videos about specific maps and abnormalities contained in them.


title: Jay Foreman (comedian)

text: "Politics Unboringed" was a series of educational YouTube videos with the first episode uploaded in 2015 and the last in 2017. Each episode is roughly five minutes long and handles various topics relating to British politics. In 2021, Foreman indicated in his Stereo podcasts that he intends to not continue the series as he claims that politics does not need to be "unboringed" anymore.


title: Jay Foreman (comedian)

text: "Unfinished London" is a series of educational YouTube videos with the first episode uploaded in 2009. Each "Unfinished London" episode is roughly ten minutes long and handles a specific area of the evolution of London's infrastructure, urban planning, and local government. Foreman describes it on its YouTube description page as "A show about London's quirky, unexplained unbuilt infrastructure, exploring bridges over nothing, tunnels to nowhere, and borders that don't make any sense".


title: Jay Foreman (comedian)

text: In June 2019, Foreman and his partner, Jade Nagi, announced their engagement via Twitter. In August 2021, the couple married at the Fanhams Hall in Ware, Hertfordshire. The two have a son born in July 2022.


title: Jay Foreman (comedian)

text: Foreman supported Green Party candidate Siân Berry during the 2016 London mayoral election, and created a political ad voicing his support for her proposed policy to close London City Airport and convert it into a new residential neighborhood.


title: Jay Foreman (comedian)

text: Foreman is ethnically Jewish, and in a statement written for the "London Jewish News" in 2018, he described his fondness for his family's Jewish traditions, even though Foreman himself is an atheist.


title: Michael Kiske

text: Michael Kiske (born January 24, 1968) is a German singer and lead vocalist for the German power metal band Helloween. Kiske has released four solo albums, two albums with the hard rock band Unisonic, has participated on various metal and rock related projects, such as Avantasia, Place Vendome and Kiske/Somerville and has also performed with numerous bands as a guest vocalist.


title: Michael Kiske

text: Prior to joining Helloween, Kiske sang with the German band Ill Prophecy at the age of 17. The band recorded a demo, but it was never released commercially.


title: Michael Kiske

text: Kiske said in an interview 2021 that his father killed himself with alcohol. Michael himself didn't drink alcohol at all for many years, but in 2021 he said he could enjoy a glass of red wine while he was working. He has a younger sister and an older brother.


title: Michael Kiske

text: Kiske said in an interview 2013: "I'm very sensitive and I take betrayal very, very heavy. I don't wanna sound stupid, but I think I'm a good friend. If I call someone a friend, he's my friend, and it stays that way, and I don't betray. I have never betrayed my wife or my girl. She betrayed me later on."


title: Michael Kiske

text: "After the split with Helloween, I kind of locked myself up and was basically just living in books for a number of years. I had some amazing years just being like spiritual. Just being, thinking, learning and trying to understand life. The musician's life is very often very superficial. Everything happens as a big party, so the years after Helloween was the total opposite of that. I didn't have much happening on the outside, everything happened on the inside."


title: Michael Kiske

text: At the age of eighteen, Kiske was asked to join the German power metal band Helloween, which was fronted by singer/guitarist Kai Hansen. Hansen had some difficulties being both the lead guitarist and lead vocalist, and it was decided that a new vocalist would be needed. Kiske rejected Helloween's first offer, because he disliked the sound of the band's "Walls of Jericho" album, but accepted the second and joined Helloween in late 1986. Kiske's first album with the band was 1987's "Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part I", widely considered to be one of Helloween's best albums and a milestone in the creation of the power metal genre. Helloween went on to release "Keeper of the Seven Keys Part II" in 1988, which went gold in Germany and brought even more success than its predecessor. The "Keeper of the Seven Keys" albums proved to be highly influential and aided in the formation of a new wave of European power metal bands, such as Blind Guardian, Stratovarius, HammerFall and Edguy. The album's worldwide success enabled the band to embark on an extensive world tour and perform at famous festivals such as Monsters of Rock.


title: Michael Kiske

text: After the completion of the band's 1988 headlining tour, the album "Live in the UK" was released, while Kai Hansen left the band and was replaced by guitarist Roland Grapow.


title: Michael Kiske

text: Legal disputes with their record company, prevented Helloween from releasing new material until 1991's "Pink Bubbles Go Ape", which was followed by 1993's "Chameleon". These two albums saw the band moving away from their power metal roots and experimenting with different sounds. Both "Pink Bubbles Go Ape" and "Chameleon" were commercial failures and resulted in Kiske leaving Helloween. Kiske was fired from the band in 1993, reportedly for personal reasons. He was replaced by Pink Cream 69's Andi Deris, who has remained with Helloween ever since.


title: Michael Kiske

text: "For a long time, this was totally impossible for me, because I was hurt and full of anger and I didn't want to have anything to do with it. For a long time I didn't want anything to do with the metal scene. It went very deep. But in the last couple of years before the reunion, without me noticing, things changed somehow, and I realized something is different when I ran into Michael Weikath. It was a festival and suddenly I was standing in front of him and he said something like, 'Michael, what have I done that you can't forgive me?', which I thought was a great line. Then I just said, 'You know what? I think I have forgiven you a long time ago.' That was just how I felt. There was no anger — I was totally relaxed."


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2016, it was announced that Michael Kiske would join Helloween, together with Kai Hansen, for a reunion tour that would take place during 2017 and 2018. The Pumpkins United World Tour started in October 2017 in South America and continued in Europe with concerts lasting close to three hours. On December 8, 2017 the single "Pumpkins United", featuring the reunited line-up, was released. The reunion tour continued throughout 2018 in Japan, Russia, Ukraine and Europe in general, North America, Canada and Latin America. The Pumpkins United World Tour was the biggest one in the band's history as it comprised 69 shows and lasted for 14 months. A live DVD/Blu-ray entitled "United Alive" and the live album "United Alive in Madrid" were released on October 4, 2019.


title: Michael Kiske

text: The band embarked on a Brazilian tour in September 2019, which started at Rockfest (Sao Paulo) and ended with their performance at the Rock In Rio Festival.


title: Michael Kiske

text: A new album with Kiske and Hansen was released on June 18, 2021. The self titled album reached top ten positions in several international music charts.


title: Michael Kiske

text: On August 16, 1996, three years after leaving Helloween, Kiske released his first solo album, "Instant Clarity". The album featured guest appearances by Adrian Smith of Iron Maiden, Kai Hansen and Ciriaco Taraxes and contained songs in a wide variety of styles. A music video for the ballad "Always", dedicated to deceased Helloween drummer Ingo Schwichtenberg, was filmed and produced in New York City.


title: Michael Kiske

text: During the same time he also wrote a book, "Kunst Und Materialismus", (in English: "Art and Materialism.)" which is only available in German. Kiske said in 2003: "First of all, I wrote this book for myself. First I had to collect and define myself. This was a very good personality enhancement story. I then printed a few thousand in self-publishing. It is very difficult to translate as I have quoted many quotes from thinkers from the good old days in Germany."


title: Michael Kiske

text: His second solo album, "Readiness to Sacrifice", was first only released in Japan on the Victor Label in April 1999, and later reissued in Europe 2001 by Noise Records. The music on the album featured Kiske moving completely away from his heavy metal roots towards a smoother AOR sound. Kiske also sang on two symphonic orchestral songs with The Bremer Weser Quartett on strings.


title: Michael Kiske

text: Kiske said in 2003: "After I left Helloween I was insecure about myself. The situation with Helloween created such an inner conflict inside me, that I needed those albums to rediscover myself. I was disappointed in everything and everyone. I was angry at some people, but most of all of the metal-industry."


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2003, out of desire to make rock music again, Kiske formed a band with studio musicians, named SupaRed. They released a self-titled album in January 2003 on Noise Records. This album had a modern rock sound and a song structure, distinct from both his solo albums and the heavy metal sound of Helloween. The project was under promoted, unsuccessful and because of some personal reasons Kiske dissolved the band. "It didn't work", he said in an interview.


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2006, Kiske released his third full-length solo album under the name of "Kiske". This was his first solo album released by the Italian Frontiers Records. The album contained songs in a mellow, acoustic singer-songwriter style and was a step away from the sound of his previous solo albums. According to Kiske:"It's a healthy-careless and musically free album. I am very proud of this record because it is a true statement from myself". "Instant Clarity" was also reissued in 2006 with the addition of 4 newly recorded bonus tracks.


title: Michael Kiske

text: Kiske said in 2013: "That was the best I could do in those days. I see those years after Helloween as a learning phase. I was learning so much, even producing records nobody cared about. Even the process of setting up the microphones, mastering, mixing…you learn so much. I don’t want to miss that. There have been some nice tunes, too."


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2008, Kiske released his fourth solo work, entitled "Past in Different Ways". The album contained acoustic re-arrangements of his old Helloween material and one new song. According to Kiske the album "on one hand shows that I don't reject my past just because I'm a different person today, and on the other hand it can maybe give people who were part of that past a different view at those songs".


title: Michael Kiske

text: In an interview with Spanish "Metal Journal", in May 2021, Kiske said that he was recording a new acoustic solo album. The album will contain new songs and various cover versions.


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2000, Tobias Sammet (vocalist of the band Edguy) asked Kiske to participate in the rock opera project Avantasia. Kiske agreed to sing on the project, in the role of Lugaid Vandroiy, but only under the nickname of "Ernie". The nickname was printed on the back of the first Avantasia release, "The Metal Opera", but not on the sequel, "The Metal Opera Part II", where he was featured under his real name. Kiske said in interviews that, at that time, he did not want people to link him to heavy metal anymore. He had a main role in the concept of the Metal Opera albums and performed on the songs "Reach Out for the Light", "Breaking Away", "Farewell", "Avantasia", "The Tower", "The Seven Angels" and "No Return".


title: Michael Kiske

text: During 2007, he recorded guest vocals for two Avantasia tracks; "Promised Land" and "Lost in Space [Extended Version]", both of which appeared on the "Lost in Space Part I & II" compilation album ("Promised Land" was also featured on the EP "Lost in Space Part II").


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2008, Kiske took part in the Avantasia album "The Scarecrow", singing lead on the track "Shelter From The Rain" and backing on the title track and on "What Kind of Love".


title: Michael Kiske

text: During 2010, Kiske performed on the Avantasia albums "The Wicked Symphony" and "Angel of Babylon", singing on the tracks "Wastelands", "Runaway Train" and "Stargazers". Between November and December, he also took part in "The Metal Opera Comes to Town Tour", sharing the stage with Tobias Sammet, Kai Hansen, Jørn Lande, Bob Catley, Amanda Somerville, Sascha Paeth, and Oliver Hartmann among others.


title: Michael Kiske

text: During 2013, Kiske took part in the Avantasia album "The Mystery of Time", singing on the songs "Where Clock Hands Freeze", "Savior in the Clockwork" and "Dweller in a Dream". Between April and August, he also participated on "The Mystery World Tour", which included 10 European festival appearances and 3-hour long shows in South America, Japan, Russia and Europe.


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2016, Kiske participated in the Avantasia album "Ghostlights", singing on the songs "Ghostlights", "Unchain The Light" and on the bonus track "Wake Up To The Moon". Between March and August of the same year, he was part of the biggest Avantasia tour, entitled "Ghostlights World Tour", which consisted of more than 40 concerts in Europe, North America, South America, Canada, Japan, Russia and Scandinavia.


title: Michael Kiske

text: During 2019, Michael participated in the Avantasia album "Moonglow", singing on the song "Requiem For A Dream".


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2022, Kiske participated in the Avantasia album "A Paranormal Evening with the Moonflower Society", singing on the songs "The Inmost Light" and "Arabesque".


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2005, Kiske took part in the Place Vendome project, on Frontiers Records. Place Vendome consisted of Dennis Ward (bass and production), Kosta Zafiriou (drums) and Uwe Reitenauer (guitars) from the German band Pink Cream 69, Gunther Werno (keyboards) from the band Vanden Plas and Kiske on vocals. The project's debut album, "Place Vendome", was a blend of melodic hard rock and AOR (comparable to the sound of bands such as Foreigner or Journey) and the majority of the songwriting was provided by Dennis Ward.


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2009, the Place Vendome project released its second album entitled "Streets of Fire". A video was filmed for the song "My Guardian Angel", marking Michael's visual return since 1996. The songwriting for the second album was provided by musicians Magnus Karlsson (Primal Fear), Torsti Spoof (Leverage), Ronny Milianowicz (Saint Deamon) and Robert Sall (Work of Art).


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2013, Frontiers Records released Place Vendome's third album entitled "Thunder in the Distance". The songwriters for this release were Alessandro Del Vecchio (Hardline), Timo Tolkki (ex-Stratovarius), Brett Jones, Tommy Denander (Radioactive), Magnus Karlsson (Primal Fear), Sören Kronqvist (Sunstorm), Roberto Tiranti and Andrea Cantarelli (Labyrinth). A video was filmed for the song "Talk To Me".


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2017, the Place Vendome project released its fourth album entitled "Close to the Sun". The album featured songs written by Magnus Karlsson, Alessandro Del Vecchio, Jani Liimatainen (Cain's Offering, ex-Sonata Arctica), Olaf Thorsen (Vision Divine, Labyrinth), Fabio Lione (Vision Divine, Angra, ex-Rhapsody of Fire), Simone Mularoni (DGM), Aldo Lonobile (Secret Sphere) and Mike Palace. In addition, it was be the first Place Vendome album to feature guest guitar solos by Gus G (Firewind, Ozzy Osbourne), Kai Hansen (ex-Helloween, Gamma Ray, Unisonic), Mandy Meyer (Krokus, ex-Asia, Unisonic), Alfred Koffler (Pink Cream 69), Michael Klein, Magnus Karlsson and Simone Mularoni.


title: Michael Kiske

text: In late 2009, Kiske collaborated with female vocalist Amanda Somerville in a duet project, put together by Frontiers Records. The project was named Kiske/Somerville and it marked the contribution of musicians Mat Sinner, Magnus Karlsson, Sander Gommans, Martin Schmidt and Jimmy Kresic. The self-titled debut album was released on September 24, 2010. Two videos were filmed for the songs "Silence" and "If I Had A Wish", enabling most of the participants to actually meet in person.


title: Michael Kiske

text: The second Kiske/Somerville album entitled "City of Heroes" was released on April 17, 2015. Mat Sinner, Magnus Karlsson and Veronika Lukesova handled the instrumentation, while Jacob Hansen and Sinner were in charge of the production. Two music videos were filmed for the songs "City Of Heroes" and "Walk On Water".


title: Michael Kiske

text: On November 10, 2009, Michael formed the band Unisonic together with Dennis Ward, Kosta Zafiriou and Mandy Meyer.


title: Michael Kiske

text: Michael Kiske made his long-awaited return to the stage after 17 years, playing with Unisonic 5 June 2010 at Live Music Hall in Mörlenbach, Germany. Unisonic played songs of Place Vendome, 'A Little Time' and 'Kids of the Century'(Helloween-era) and the new song ‘Souls Alive’. Unisonic was also performing at Sweden Rock Festival 12 June 2010 and Masters of Rock Festival 18 July 2010 as well.


title: Michael Kiske

text: In March 2011, Kai Hansen joined the band, and on October 15 the new line-up performed its first show at Loud Park Festival (Japan).


title: Michael Kiske

text: The band released the EP "Ignition", together with their first video for the song "Unisonic" in January 2012, through EarMusic (Edel AG). The release of their self-titled debut album followed on March 30, 2012. The debut album entered several international music charts, scoring the highest points on the Finnish albums chart, Japanese Albums Chart, German Albums Chart and Swedish albums chart.


title: Michael Kiske

text: Unisonic embarked on their first world tour in May 2012 performing in South America and in various European music festivals, such as Masters of Rock, Hellfest, Rock Hard Festival and Gods of Metal among others. The second half of the tour included concerts in Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Russia, Spain and Germany.


title: Michael Kiske

text: The band's second EP, "For the Kingdom", came out in May 2014, the video for the song "Exceptional" followed in July, while their second album, "Light of Dawn", was released on August 1, 2014. "Light of Dawn" entered several international music charts, scoring the highest entries on the Finnish albums chart, German Albums Chart, Swiss albums chart, Czech albums chart and Japanese Albums Chart.


title: Michael Kiske

text: The band embarked on a summer festival tour in July 2014, performing at Masters Of Rock, Leyendas del Rock, Moscow Metal Meeting, Bang Your Head, Skogsrojet and Rock Pod Kamenom. A Japanese and European tour together with Edguy followed, while the band's final show was at the Knock Out Festival in December 2014.


title: Michael Kiske

text: On August 5, 2016, Unisonic performed a show at Wacken Open Air Festival, which was recorded and released under the title "Live in Wacken" on July 21, 2017.


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 1995, Kiske participated as a guest on Gamma Ray's (Kai Hansen's band, formed after his departure from Helloween in late 1988) "Land of the Free" album, singing lead vocals on the song "Time To Break Free" and additional vocals on the title track.


title: Michael Kiske

text: During 2002, Michael sang the song "Key to the Universe", which was featured on Timo Tolkki's (guitarist of the band Stratovarius) solo album "Hymn to Life".


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2003, Kiske took part in the metal opera "Days of Rising Doom" by Aina, in the role of the Narrator, singing on the songs "Revelations", "Silver Maiden", "Serendipity" and "Restoration". During the same year he also sang on the duet "Heroes" (together with Jørn Lande), featured on Masterplan's self-titled debut album.


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2004, Michael sang on the duet "The Encounter", together with the female vocalist of the band Thalion on their debut album "Another Sun".


title: Michael Kiske

text: During 2005, Kiske was a guest on the heavy metal album "Execution" by the band Tribuzy, singing on the duet "Absolution". Following this participation Kiske also sang as a guest on the song "Judas at the Opera", featured on Edguy's "Superheroes "EP.


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2007, Michael sang on the duet "Breathe in Water", together with the female vocalist of the band Indigo Dying on their self-titled debut album.


title: Michael Kiske

text: During 2008, Timo Tolkki departed from Stratovarius and formed the band Revolution Renaissance. The band's debut album, "New Era", was recorded by session musicians and Kiske on the role of the main singer, performing vocals for the tracks "I Did It My Way", "Angel", "Keep The Flame Alive", "Last Night on Earth" and "Revolution Renaissance".


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2009, he was a guest on Trick or Treat's album "Tin Soldiers", singing all vocals on the song "Hello Moon" and additional lead vocals on the duet "Tears Against Your Smile".


title: Michael Kiske

text: During 2010, he recorded guest vocals for the song "All You Need To Know", featured on Gamma Ray's "To The Metal" album.


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2011, Kiske appeared as a special guest in Gamma Ray's concert in Pratteln (Switzerland). The full show was released in both CD and DVD under the name "Skeletons & Majesties Live" in 2012. Michael sings on the songs "Time To Break Free", "A While in Dreamland" and "Future World".


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2012, Michael sang the song "The Ethereal Dream (Reprise)", featured on the album "34613" by the project Tomorrow's Outlook.


title: Michael Kiske

text: During 2013, Kiske took part in Timo Tolkki's metal opera project Avalon. Michael sang the self-titled track on the project's debut album "The Land of New Hope". In the same year he also sang as a guest on the duet "Fly", featured on Infinita Symphonia's self-titled album. During December, he participated in the "Christmas Metal Symphony 2013 tour", sharing the stage with Joey Belladonna, Udo Dirkschneider, Chuck Billy, Joacim Cans, Floor Jansen and a symphonic orchestra.


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2014, he sang on the duet "Black And White Forever", featured on Starchild's self-titled debut album.


title: Michael Kiske

text: During 2015, Kiske sang as a guest on the title track of the Wolfpakk album "Rise of the Animal". In August of the same year he sang as a special guest with Rock Meets Classic (a project featuring Mat Sinner and the Bohemian Symphony Orchestra Prague) performing at the Rock of Ages Festival and at Wacken Open Air Festival. On September 19, he performed at the Rock In Rio festival with the band Noturnall.


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2016, he participated as a guest vocalist on the Hansen & Friends "XXX : 30 Years of Metal" album and on the project's performance at Wacken Open Air Festival. The live performance was recorded and released on both CD and DVD under the title Hansen & Friends "Thank You Wacken", on June 23, 2017. During the same year he also sang on the duet "Halleluja" with Swedish singer Aino Löwenmark, featured on her album "Human". Kiske returned to work on this recording with ex. SupaRed-members, the guitar player Sandro Giampietro and drummer Jürgen Spiegel.


title: Michael Kiske

text: During 2018, Kiske sang on the duets "Angel Of Light" and "King Thorgan's Hymn", featured on the album "Legend of Valley Doom part 2" by Marius Danielsen.


title: Michael Kiske

text: In 2022, Kiske sang on the song "A King Has Gone", featured on the album "Universal" by Michael Schenker Group. The song was a tribute to Ronnie James Dio and featured guest appearances by former Rainbow members Tony Carey, Bob Daisley and Bobby Rondinelli.


title: Michael Kiske

text: In comparison to Kai Hansen, Kiske had a more vibrant and clean voice. Some fans and critics have likened his singing style and range to that of Geoff Tate or a young Samson-era Bruce Dickinson, with shades of Rob Halford. He has a tenor type voice and possesses an almost 4 octave vocal range, as he is capable of reaching extremely high notes (A5) and low baritone notes (E2) as well. Kiske's time in Helloween has proven to be highly influential and many singers cite him as a major influence.


title: Michael Kiske

text: Named best all-time singer in rock and metal Rank:18. In German Metal Hammer readers poll (June 2013).


title: Air China Flight 129

text: Air China Flight 129 (CCA129/CA129) was a scheduled international passenger flight, operated by Air China, from Beijing Capital International Airport to Gimhae International Airport in Busan. On April 15, 2002, the aircraft on this route, a Boeing 767-200ER, crashed into a hill near the airport, killing 129 of the 166 people on board.


title: Air China Flight 129

text: The Korea Aviation Accident Investigation Board published the final report in March 2005 and concluded that the crash was due to pilot error. The final report stated that the crew was inadvertently flying below the minimum safe altitude. Detailed information from the report also revealed that the pilots had been trained to conduct a circling approach in the airline's simulator only for Beijing Capital International Airport and never for a circling approach to Gimhae Airport's runway 18R. Subsequently, the report also blamed the tower controllers at Gimhae Airport for not using the tower BRITE and MSAW systems after losing visual contact with the aircraft. The Civil Aviation Administration of China responded to the Korean official report by pointing out that Park Junyong, the ATC official during the accident, was not licensed for air traffic control and issued incorrect orders due to his inexperience with the Boeing 767.


title: Air China Flight 129

text: The flight took off at 08:37 local time (00:37 UTC). After nearly two hours in flight, it arrived near Gimhae Airport in light rain and mist.


title: Air China Flight 129

text: At 11:16 local time (02:16 UTC), CA129 received clearance to use ILS approach to runway 36L, then circle to runway 18R (the same runway from the opposite direction) from Gimhae tower. During the circling approach to land on runway 18R, the crew exercised poor crew resource management and lost sight of the runway while delaying the base turn and flying outside of the circling approach area, and crashed into a hill at 11:21 local time (02:21 UTC). The aircraft made initial contact with the terrain when its right wing clipped a tree. It then impacted the ground, and the force of the impact broke the airplane apart. The right wing, empennage, left wing, parts of the fuselage and two engines separated. The plane then burst into flames, engulfing the cockpit and forward fuselage. The aircraft slid and destroyed several trees and 12 graves. Thirty-seven of those on board survived, including the captain. The post-impact fire was so hot that it melted the aluminum and other metals of the fuselage. The front part of the fuselage was completely destroyed, making it difficult for investigators to recognize it.


title: Air China Flight 129

text: The aircraft was a Boeing 767-200ER registered in China as B-2552. It was delivered in 1985 and had Boeing Serial Number 23308 and Line Number 127. It was previously operated by the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) and then transferred to Air China after CAAC's split. It had accumulated more than 40,000 hours of flying and about 14,500 flights.


title: Air China Flight 129

text: Among the 155 passengers, 135 were from South Korea, 19 were from China, and one was from Iranian-Uzbek who board to plane with Uzbekistan passport. All 11 of the crew were from China.


title: Air China Flight 129

text: At Gimhae Airport, the winds come from the north in autumn and winter. However, in spring and summer, the winds come from the south. Visibility is often partially poor due to sea fog, since the southern part of the airport is located close to the sea. Mountainous terrain in the north with southerly winds prevailing may cause a mass of low clouds and fog to occur along the mountainous area north of Runway 18R, with a probability of increased precipitation in the area.


title: Air China Flight 129

text: Weather at the time of crash was poor. Satellite imagery retrieved from the Korea Meteorological Administration radar showed that a large, wide area of rain clouds could be seen, starting from Busan to the southeast as far as Japan and moving slowly to the east. The clouds moved very slowly, and heavy clouds were seen lying in the sea south of Gimhae. Gusts of up to were also observed. Rescue squads at the crash site also reported that it was covered with thick fog, with the precipitation heavier than a drizzle.


title: Air China Flight 129

text: Investigators interviewed Captain Wu, who stated that as he observed the lights on the final approach course to Runway 36L, he saw that neither the runway approach lights on the downwind leg nor the circling guidance lights during the circling approach were on. According to the record of the automatic aeronautical light switching system and the testimony from the Gimhae Tower duty chief, the runway, approach lights and circling guidance lights were on at the time of the accident.


title: Air China Flight 129

text: There were a total of 166 occupants on board, composed of 11 crew members and 155 passengers, including five children with ages ranging from three to nine years old. On the day of the accident, 39 people survived the crash with serious injuries. A passenger died the following day and 16 days later another passenger died.


title: Air China Flight 129

text: Based on interviews of the survivors on board Flight 129, it was revealed that the accident occurred suddenly, with loud noise and violent shaking of the aircraft at the point of impact. All items inside the aircraft fell down, seats were thrust forward, and all lights went out, making it dark inside the aircraft. The fire filled the cabin with heavy smoke, which made it difficult to breathe. Most of the passengers briefly lost consciousness during impact, with the feet and legs of some passengers forced under the seats in front of them. A flight attendant who was seated at the aft right position stated that his body was crushed underneath something. He reached to open the door, but could not find the handle. He crawled out of the cabin and evacuated the survivors. The survivors then escaped by walking or crawling through the gaps in the broken fuselage. As they escaped, several large explosions were heard, with pillars of fire shooting up high into the sky.


title: Air China Flight 129

text: The pre-flight safety demonstration and announcements were made in Chinese and English, but not in Korean. Some of the 135 Korean passengers stated they did not understand them. The Korean investigation board recommended that Air China add announcements in Korean to flights to and from South Korea.


title: Air China Flight 129

text: Both the flight data recorder and the cockpit voice recorder were retrieved from the crash site and examined by investigators. The FDR data did not show any defect in the aircraft's controls and instruments.


title: Air China Flight 129

text: The official accident report by the Korea Aviation Accident Investigation Board was released on 4 March 2005. The Probable Cause read:


title: Air China Flight 129

text: The Civil Aviation Administration of China published a 28-page side-by-side comments on the Korean official report. Besides, Liu Yajun, the head of the Chinese investigation team, pointed out,


title: Air China Flight 129

text: The investigation was covered in "Turning Point", a 2017 episode (S17E03) of "Mayday", a Canadian documentary television series about air crashes.


title: Dirty (Sonic Youth album)

text: Dirty is the seventh full-length studio album and second double album by American rock band Sonic Youth, released on July 21, 1992 by DGC Records. The band recorded and co-produced the album with Butch Vig in early 1992 at the Magic Shop studios. The sound on "Dirty" was inspired by the popularity of grunge music at the time, and has been described by "Billboard" magazine as avant-rock. Some songs on the album mark the first appearance of three guitars in a few Sonic Youth songs.


title: Dirty (Sonic Youth album)

text: "Dirty" reached number 83 on the US "Billboard" 200 and number six on the UK Albums Chart. The album spawned four singles: the lead single "100%" charted well, but was not the crossover hit the label anticipated, followed by "Youth Against Fascism", which did not chart as well. The last two were "Sugar Kane" and "Drunken Butterfly", with the former performing better commercially than the latter. In support of the album, Sonic Youth embarked on the "Pretty Fucking Dirty" tour of 1992 and 1993, where they played most of the album during sets. In late 1992, they toured North America, and in early 1993, they toured New Zealand and Australia and released the "Whores Moaning" EP, which featured most of the "Sugar Kane" B-sides.


title: Dirty (Sonic Youth album)

text: Following the release of "Daydream Nation" in 1988, Sonic Youth were interested in signing with a new record label. By the middle of 1989, the top contenders for the band's new label were A&M Records, Atlantic Records and Mute Records. Between late 1989 and early 1990, Geffen Records announced its interest in signing the band. Sonic Youth eventually signed a five-album deal with Geffen for an estimated $300,000. However, the band was disappointed when they discovered that the albums would be released on the newly created Geffen sub-label, DGC Records.


title: Dirty (Sonic Youth album)

text: In 1990, the band released "Goo", which achieved moderate commercial success, peaking at No. 96 on the "Billboard" 200 in the United States and charting in the Netherlands, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Critical reception to the album was positive. To support its release, Sonic Youth toured Europe and North America twice in 1990. Preceding the mainstream breakthrough of alternative rock and grunge, the band toured Europe again in late summer 1991 with Nirvana, Dinosaur Jr, Babes in Toyland and Gumball. On this tour, they premiered "Orange Rolls, Angel's Spit" and "Chapel Hill", both of which would later appear on "Dirty". The latter tour was chronicled on the documentary "", directed by Dave Markey. In November, they began demoing songs on 8-track at their rehearsal space in Hoboken.


title: Dirty (Sonic Youth album)

text: For "Dirty", Sonic Youth worked with producer Butch Vig and mixer Andy Wallace, who both had worked in the same roles on Nirvana's "Nevermind", although this was not why the band chose them. On the album's sound, "Pitchfork" would later opine that "they weren't entirely catering to the new ears Nirvana's success was sending their way", but "were at least taking it into consideration on a semi-conscious level". During his first meeting with the group, Vig told the band that he wanted to tighten the song arrangements and focus on crafting the guitar sounds. Vig quickly landed the producer job for the record. During a visit to the apartment of Sonic Youth members Thurston Moore and Kim Gordon, Moore told Vig he wanted the album to sound like an obscure Mecht Mensch single that Vig had produced.


title: Dirty (Sonic Youth album)

text: The band sent a series of cassette tapes to Vig in late 1991, featuring their new compositions. Vig was pleased but also uncertain, as the tapes consisted of long instrumentals, and the producer was unable to discern the song structures. The second batch of cassettes that Vig received demonstrated that the band had performed some self-editing with its compositions. Vig moved to New York City for three months in early 1992 and the band began recording the album at the Magic Shop in March. Ian MacKaye of Fugazi contributed guest guitar on "Youth Against Fascism". The last song on the album, "Crème Brûlée", was recorded when Gordon was randomly playing guitar and singing with Shelley playing the drums, while Moore was trying to turn on his amplifier and guitarist Lee Ranaldo was recording the whole thing.


title: Dirty (Sonic Youth album)

text: After recording was completed, the album needed to be trimmed down from 18 tracks. Moore, Gordon and the band's A&R person, Gary Gersh, agreed that Ranaldo's song "Genetic" would be removed. Ranaldo did not react well to the decision; coupled with personal issues he was facing at the time, it led him to consider leaving the group. After a few weeks, the matter settled and Ranaldo stayed with the band. "Genetic" and another omitted track, Gordon's "Hendrix Necro", were instead featured on the "100%" single. Another track recorded in the sessions, "Stalker", was added to the album's vinyl release.


title: Dirty (Sonic Youth album)

text: The opening song, "100%", was written about the murder of Joe Cole, a roadie and the band's friend, and how it affected many people, including Sonic Youth. The next song, "Swimsuit Issue", is about a then-current Geffen employee who was remanded to therapy for sexual harassment, hence the lyrics "Don't touch my breast, I'm just working at my desk." The last section of the song features Gordon naming all of the models in the March 1992 "Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue". The lyrics to "Drunken Butterfly" were taken wholly from song titles and lyrics of Heart songs, and the track was originally titled "Barracuda" after a Heart song. The final title was taken from Heart song "Dog & Butterfly", which sounds a bit like "drunken butterfly". "Sugar Kane" is said to be about Marilyn Monroe. "Chapel Hill," one of the first songs written for the album along with "Orange Rolls, Angel's Spit", is about the town of Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and the 1991 murder of bookseller Bob Sheldon. "JC", like "100%", was written about Joe Cole. The song's working title was "Moonface".


title: Dirty (Sonic Youth album)

text: The front cover of the album, a photograph taken by Gordon's longtime friend Mike Kelley, depicted an orange stuffed toy with Sonic Youth written down the sides. The theme continued through the CD booklet with pictures of a teddy bear, rabbit and other plush animals. The credits were also included in the booklet. The back cover featured images of individual members of the band along with the track listing. The vinyl version differed, with the back cover featuring the stuffed toys and the band photos in the inserts. Some versions of the CD have a "dirty picture" of Bob Flanagan and Sheree Rose defiling stuffed toys while naked.