title: Cotabato

text: Cotabato derives its name from the Maguindanaon word "kuta watu" (from Malay - "Kota Batu"), meaning "stone fort", referring to the stone fort which served as the seat of Sultan Muhammad Kudarat in what is now Cotabato City (which the province derives its name from).


title: Cotabato

text: Islam was introduced in this part of the country in the later part of the 15th century by Sharif Mohammed Kabungsuwan, an Arab-Malay Muslim warrior-missionary. Sharif Kabungsuwan invaded Malabang in 1475, facing armed resistance from the non-Muslim natives, nevertheless successfully vanquishing and subjugating them to his (Islamic) rule through the might of his Samal warriors.


title: Cotabato

text: Christianity was introduced in 1596, but the Spaniards were unable to penetrate into the region until the second half of the 19th century. The district of Cotabato was formed in 1860, covering the areas of what is now Cotabato, Maguindanao and Sultan Kudarat provinces with its capital at Tamontaka. "Fort Pikit" was established by the Spaniards in 1893 as they continued their conquest of the remnants of Maguindanao Sultanate, which would soon be the site of one of the province's oldest towns, Pikit.


title: Cotabato

text: The coming of the Americans ushered in the creation of the Moro Province on July 15, 1903, through "Act No. 787" of the Philippine Commission. Cotabato, covering what are now the provinces of Cotabato, Maguindanao, Sultan Kudarat, South Cotabato and Sarangani, became a district of the huge Moro province. During the American period, large companies were established in Cotabato to exploit the vast timber resources of the region. By the 1930s, settlers from Luzon and Visayas established homesteads in Cotabato.


title: Cotabato

text: In December 1941, Japanese planes bombed and invaded Cotabato. In 1942, Cotabato was occupied by the Japanese Imperial forces. A military headquarters of the Philippine Commonwealth Army existed in Cotabato from January 3, 1942, to June 30, 1946, and the Philippine Constabulary 10th Constabulary Regiment was stationed in Cotobato from October 28, 1944, to June 30, 1946. Moro guerrilla fighters operating in the province of Cotabato helped local forces of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and the Philippine Constabulary 10th Constabulary Regiment fight against the Imperial Japanese Army until 1944. The Moro guerrillas fought the Japanese troops until liberation. In 1945, Cotabato was recaptured from the Japanese Imperial forces by the combined Filipino and American troops together with the recognized Moro guerrilla units. The guerrillas used the traditional Moro Kampilan, Barong and Kris swords as their weapons.


title: Cotabato

text: The pace of settlement in the region accelerated in the 1950s and 1960s. The former province of Cotabato was once the largest in the Philippines. In 1966, South Cotabato was created as a separate province.


title: Cotabato

text: Mindanao, including Cotabato, was relatively peaceful in the 1950s and the mid-1960s. While there were some ethnic tensions, there was essentially no presence of secessionist groups in Mindanao yet.


title: Cotabato

text: The relative peace of the postwar era began to change in the last years of President Ferdinand Marcos' first term, when news about the Jabidah massacre ignited a furor in the Moro community, and ethnic tensions encouraged with the formation of secessionist movements. None of these groups had enough followers to form a viable opposition until Marcos declared Martial Law, but when political parties were dissolved upon the proclamation of Martial Law in September 1972, it became easy for the armed secessionist group known as the Moro National Liberation Front to consolidate power, and the decades-long Moro conflict began in earnest.


title: Cotabato

text: One major event of Martial law which took place in Cotabato was the Manili massacre, which saw the mass murder of 70 to 79 Moros, including women and children, committed in a mosque in Manili, Carmen, North Cotabato, Philippines on June 19, 1971. The Muslim residents of the town had gathered in their mosque to participate in a supposed peace talk with Christian groups when a group of armed men suspected to be part of the Ilaga militant group opened fire on them.


title: Cotabato

text: On November 22, 1973, through "Presidential Decree No. 341", what remained of the old Cotabato was further divided into the provinces of "North Cotabato", Maguindanao, and Sultan Kudarat. "North Cotabato" was later renamed "Cotabato" through "Batas Pambansa Blg. 660" approved on March 7, 1984.


title: Cotabato

text: By the aftermath of the plebiscite to form the autonomous administrative region of Bangsamoro in February 2019, 63 barangays from Cotabato's western municipalities, all of which inhabited mostly by Muslim natives, opted to join the newly formed region. This will result in the reduction of the number of barangays the province currently administers after the national midterm elections on 13 May 2019.


title: Cotabato

text: Cotabato covers a total area of occupying the northeastern tip of Region XII and is centrally located in Mindanao. It is bounded on the north by the provinces of Lanao del Sur and Bukidnon, on the east by Davao City and Davao del Norte, on the west by Maguindanao and on the southeast by Sultan Kudarat and Davao del Sur.


title: Cotabato

text: Cotabato is strategically linked to the major "Arterial Road System" that traverses and connects the province to Davao City - Soccsksargen - Cotabato Corridor. The Cotabato via Kabacan - Maramag - Kibawe, Bukidnon Sayre Highway meanwhile serves as its link to the Cagayan de Oro-Iligan City Corridor.


title: Cotabato

text: Cotabato stretches from the east at Mount Apo, which separates it from Davao, to the Piapayungan Range on its boundary with Lanao in the west. Between these highlands is the basin of the Pulangi River or Rio Grande de Mindanao, the second longest in the Philippines at , which rises in Bukidnon and flows south to Maguindanao and Illana Bay. The province's fertile plains are traversed by tributaries of this great river.


title: Cotabato

text: During the 2001 Referendum for inclusion to the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, 2 out of 28 barangays of Carmen, Cotabato chose to be part of ARMM, but were excluded because they are not connected to the main region of ARMM. During 2010-2016 Administration, the Bangsamoro ideal sprouted and a newly proposed region was in the making. According to the agreements signed by the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and the Administration of Noynoy Aquino, Carmen will be included in Bangsamoro because of the two out of twenty-eight barangays that voted in favor of joining the Muslim region back in 2001. Unfortunately, Bangsamoro was not implemented before the term of Aquino ended. Despite this, the current administration aims to establish a Federal Government, where Bangamoro will be realized into a State of the Philippines wherein Carmen will be included in Bangsamoro.


title: Cotabato

text: Plans to establish a new municipality in the south of Carmen so that the indigenous and Christian central and northern part of Carmen will be retained in North Cotabato has yet to be confirmed. The idea arose because once the entire municipality of Carmen is included in Bangsamoro, the province of North Cotabato will be cut into half, leaving three towns (Banisilan, Alamada, and Libungan) at its west without connection to the center of North Cotabato, isolating these towns in the process.


title: Cotabato

text: The issue was partially resolved when the second part of the plebiscite was conducted on 6 February 2019, when 63 barangay from the towns of Pigkawayan, Libungan, Midsayap, Aleosan, Carmen, Banisilan and Pikit opted to join the new administrative autonomous region of Bangsamoro after the results of the region's formation plebiscite were confirmed three days later on 9 February. These barangays are to join either the adjacent province of Maguindanao as parts of the said province's nearby and respective municipalities or to cluster on their own as new municipalities within the said province after the national midterm elections on 13 May 2019. The size and population of Cotabato province had officially diminished on 20 November 2019 as the barangays which voted to join the Bangsamoro made their exit from the province and their respective mother municipalities and were officially turned over to the Bangsamoro government as an interim province within the autonomous region divided into several clusters.


title: Cotabato

text: Based on the 2020 census, Cotabato has an overall population of 1,275,185. The average population growth rate was 2.27% in the period 2010–2015, which is higher than the national average of 1.72%. The province had a density of .


title: Cotabato

text: Cotabato is an ethnoliguistically diverse province. The first Visayan settlers reached the town of Pikit in 1913, and since then, Christian migrants have moved and lived in Cotabato, cohabitating the province with the local indigenous groups. 71% of Cotabato's population descended from settlers who migrated from the Visayas and Luzon, while the remaining 18% belong to the communities of Magindanaons, Iranuns, Ilianens, Dulangan Manobo, Obo, Tagabawa, and Tboli. The major languages spoken are Hiligaynon (46%), Maguindanao (38%), Cebuano (8%), and Ilocano (4%).


title: Cotabato

text: Cotabato's population is majority Christian. According to the 2010 census, 51.2% of the population are Roman Catholic. Muslims form 26% of the population. The other significant minorities are Evangelical Christians at 8.4% of the population and Iglesia Ni Cristo which forms 1.9% of the Province population. In 2015 the Philippine Statistics Authority recorded Islam followed by 39.28% of the population.


title: Cotabato

text: Cotabato is considered a major food basket in Mindanao. It is a top producer of cereals, tropical fruits, vegetables, sugarcane, coconut, coffee, freshwater fish and livestock.


title: Cotabato

text: It is also one of the country's leading producers of raw and semi-processed rubber and industrial trees, with markets in Asia and Europe.


title: Cotabato

text: Among its major natural assets are Mt. Apo, the country's highest peak at above sea level, the Pulangi River which is a major contributor to Mindanao's irrigation system and hydro-electric energy, and the vast Liguasan Marsh which not only supplies a bounty of freshwater fish and organic fertilizer but considered as a possible source as well of natural gas.


title: Cotabato

text: Power utility in the province comes from two energy sources - the "NAPOCOR Agus Grid" in Iligan transmitted through its Tacurong Substations and the Mindanao 1 Geothermal Power Plant at the foot of Mt. Apo in Ilomavis, Kidapawan City which produces 97 megawatts of electricity. Power distribution is handled by Cotabato Electric Cooperative, Inc. (COTELCO).


title: Cotabato

text: The province has a road network connecting the major centers to each other and the outlying barangays, and communication linkage through NDD-IDD, fax, cellular phone and the internet is available.


title: Cotabato

text: President Benigno Aquino III signed the law dividing to new 3 legislative district of Cotabato on September 14, 2012. The representative shall continue to serve until next national election.


title: Chinx

text: Lionel Du Fon Pickens (December 4, 1983 – May 17, 2015), better known by his stage name Chinx (formerly Chinx Drugz), was an American rapper. He was a member of The Rockaway Riot Squad alongside fellow slain rapper Stack Bundles. Chinx later joined French Montana's Coke Boys Records, gaining recognition for his appearances on the "Coke Boys" mixtapes and the "Cocaine Riot" mixtape series. He was killed in a drive-by shooting in Jamaica, Queens on May 17, 2015. Two men have since been arrested in the case.


title: Chinx

text: Chinx was born and raised in Far Rockaway, Queens on December 4, 1983, living in both Redfern Houses and Edgemere Houses, now known as Ocean Bay Apartments. He spent time in North Amityville in his teenage years where he briefly attended high school. When speaking of how he started rapping, Chinx said, "I started rapping at the table in junior high school for fun with the homies, and then by 9th grade is when I started taking music seriously. At that point is when I started investing my street money into my studio time and trying to find my sound."


title: Chinx

text: He said he got the name "Chinx Drugz" since he "used to smoke a lot of weed back in the day, and this older chick used to call me chinky and it stuck; the Drugz, well, that’s self explanatory — I been slangin’ on these corners."


title: Chinx

text: Chinx first started rapping with his close friend Stack Bundles while he was in high school, whom he would later form the group Riot Squad with, along with local rappers Bynoe and Cau2Gs. The group started to gain a buzz throughout New York but that ended abruptly in early 2005 when Chinx was sentenced to nearly 5 years in prison. He served his time at Arthur Kill Correctional Facility.


title: Chinx

text: During this time, Bundles formed a friendship with rapper Max B, and together they joined Jim Jones' group Byrd Gang.


title: Chinx

text: While Chinx was incarcerated, on June 11, 2007, fellow rapper and friend Stack Bundles was shot and killed. In late 2008, Chinx was released from prison and through his affiliation with the now deceased Bundles, he met Max B. The following year, Max B introduced Chinx to fellow New York rapper French Montana, who was still relatively unknown at the time. Together, Chinx and Montana formed the hip hop group, Coke Boys. On April 13, 2009, Drugz released his first solo mixtape, "Hurry Up & Die Vol. 1: Get Ya Casket On".


title: Chinx

text: He followed that with "Hurry Up & Die Vol. 2: From The Cage To The Stage" on January 7, 2010. Drugz then released the third mixtape in that series, "Hurry Up & Die Vol. 3" on April 13, 2010.


title: Chinx

text: On March 15, 2011, Drugz released his fourth official mixtape "Flight 2011", which was entirely produced by New York producer Harry Fraud.


title: Chinx

text: The mixtape featured a sole guest appearance from Coke Boys-cohort French Montana. On April 19, 2011, he released his fifth solo mixtape "Cocaine Riot", featuring guest appearances from the various members of Coke Boys.


title: Chinx

text: On August 20, 2011, Coke Boys released their first official collaboration mixtape "Coke Boys 2". The mixtape was primarily produced by Harry Fraud, with additional production from Lex Luger. "Coke Boys 2" featured members Drugz, Montana, Cheeze, Flip, and Charlie Rock. Following the "Coke Boys 2" release, on September 24, 2011, Drugz and French Montana released a collaboration mixtape named, "Coke Boys Run NY".


title: Chinx

text: On April 13, 2012, Coke Boys released their second collaboration mixtape, "Coke Boys 3", which significantly featured Montana and Drugz throughout, along with Flip, gianni maggiacomo, and Charlie Rock. Additional guest appearances came from Akon, Mac Miller, Rick Ross, Wale, and Red Cafe among others. The mixtape was met with positive reviews from music critics, with the production the focal point of the praise. "XXL" credited Montana and Drugz as being the stars of the mixtape.


title: Chinx

text: On July 3, 2012, Drugz released his sixth solo mixtape, "Cocaine Riot 2", to positive critical reception with AllHipHop calling it a "classic". "Cocaine Riot 2" featured guest appearances from rappers Action Bronson and Chevy Woods, among others. "Cocaine Riot 2" featured the significant Montana and Drugz collaboration "I'm A Coke Boy". In 2012, he was featured on Wale's "Let a Nigga Know" and Vado's "You Ain't Good".


title: Chinx

text: On January 4, 2013, Drugz released the official remix to "I'm a Coke Boy" featuring rappers Rick Ross and Diddy, along with French Montana. The remix would end up being ranked number 43 on "Complex"'s list of the 50 best songs of 2013. Then on April 15, 2013, Drugz released his seventh solo mixtape "Cocaine Riot 3", which featured the previously released remix of "I'm a Coke Boy". "Cocaine Riot 3" featured additional guest appearances from Ace Hood, Juicy J, Yo Gotti, DJ Khaled, Roscoe Dash and others.


title: Chinx

text: Drugz told MTV that, "When I was making this mixtape, I was just trying to give the people something a little different from my normal. I basically started messing with a couple of different beats, but I kept it real New York. But I just really wanted to give 'em the other side of Chinx that they ain't been hearing in a while." The mixtape closes with "Maybe", a tribute to his deceased childhood friend Stack Bundles.


title: Chinx

text: In a positive review "XXL" stated, "For all its signs of promise, "Cocaine Riot 3" also has some rookie mistakes. There’s also an over-reliance on features here that the mixtape could do without. The heavy guest list prevents "Cocaine Riot 3" from being a landmark release, and so this mixtape ends up being more of a continuation of what we’ve already heard from Chinx Drug, rather than a step to the next level. Time will tell if he’s up for that challenge."


title: Chinx

text: Less than a week after the release of "Cocaine Riot 3", Drugz released the music video for the remix to "I'm a Coke Boy". On May 14, 2013, Drugz released his four previous major solo mixtapes, "Flight 2011", and the "Cocaine Riot" series for retail sale on iTunes. He was featured on Montana's debut studio album, "Excuse My French" on the deluxe edition track "Throw It in the Bag".


title: Chinx

text: On May 22, 2013, "Right There" featuring Juicy J and French Montana was released as the first single from "Cocaine Riot 3". "Up In Here" featuring Ace Hood would be released as the mixtape's second single on June 11, 2013. On August 12, 2013, Drugz released the music video for "Up In Here" featuring Ace Hood from "Cocaine Riot 3", which was shot in Miami, Florida. That same day, French Montana announced that Coke Boys were working on their debut studio album as a group, along with a third mixtape to be released prior to the album.


title: Chinx

text: On October 4, 2013, Chinx Drugz, now just going by "Chinx", announced he would release an EP via NuSense Music Group and Coke Boys Records, executive produced by Rick Steel titled "I'll Take It From Here", in November 2013. On October 28, 2013, Chinx released "Feelings" featuring French Montana, the first single from the EP. On November 26, 2013, it was revealed that Coke Boys would release their fourth mixtape in December 2013. That same day, Chinx released his debut retail project, the previously announced EP "I'll Take It from Here".


title: Chinx

text: He featured prominently on Coke Boys fourth mixtape, "Coke Boys 4", released on January 1, 2014. On February 1, 2014, Chinx released the music video for "Feelings". In April 2014, Chinx revealed that his next mixtape would be titled "Cocaine Riot 4" and released on May 15, 2014. He released "Cocaine Riot 5" on December 25, 2014. He told "XXL" that his debut studio album would be titled "Welcome To JFK". He was being considered for the 2015 "XXL" Freshman Class.


title: Chinx

text: On June 2, 2015, Chinx's first official single for his posthumous album "Welcome to JFK" was released through eOne Music. The track is titled "On Your Body".


title: Chinx

text: On May 17, 2015, NYPD officers responded to a 911 call in Briarwood, Queens around 4:00 a.m. There, they found Chinx and another victim in a car at Queens Boulevard and 84th Drive. Chinx was transported to Jamaica Medical Center in Queens with gunshot wounds to his torso, where he was pronounced dead, at age 31. Two men who were already incarcerated on other charges have been re-arrested in connection with the murder.


title: Mitsubishi G3M

text: The was a Japanese bomber and transport aircraft used by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service (IJNAS) during World War II.


title: Mitsubishi G3M

text: The Yokosuka L3Y (Allied reporting name "Tina"), was a transport variant of the aircraft manufactured by the Yokosuka Naval Air Technical Arsenal.


title: Mitsubishi G3M

text: The G3M has its origins in a specification submitted to the Mitsubishi company from the Imperial Japanese Navy requesting a bomber aircraft with a range unprecedented at the time. This principally stemmed from Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto's influence in the Naval High Commission. The bomber was to have the capacity to accommodate an aerial torpedo capable of sinking an armoured battleship. The speed requirement submitted by the naval department was again also unprecedented, not only in Japanese but also in international bomber aviation, where in relation to the envisaged Japanese battlegrounds of China and the Pacific, the bomber would need to not only cover long distances, but necessarily have exceptional speed to strike distant targets with a minimum attack time. Thus the G3M was an embodiment of Japanese military aircraft design in the brief period leading to the Pacific War, with powerful offensive armament (in this case in the form of bombs and torpedoes) and range and speed emphasised over protection and defensive capabilities.


title: Mitsubishi G3M

text: The G3M was originally designed without any form of defensive weaponry, with its high-altitude performance being regarded as sufficient to evade enemy anti-aircraft guns and its high speed in combination with the planned high performance Mitsubishi A5M fighter envisaged as an armed escort considered sufficient to counter any enemy fighters. Even in the low-speed, low-level role of torpedo bomber, the superior fighter escort – combined with the G3M's high speed – was considered sufficient against any form of ship-based AA guns or carrier-based fighters.


title: Mitsubishi G3M

text: The lightweight structure and complete lack of defensive machine guns and the additional crew necessary to operate them (features in the early prototype design) were considered essential to maintain the speed and high-altitude performance of the G3M with a heavy payload. Even after the modified final prototype, which did include three defensive machine gun emplacements, the G3M kept its lightweight structure and lacked any form of defensive armour or self-sealing fuel tanks, as these were considered to retard speed and altitude. This trait in Japanese bomber and fighter design manifested itself again in its successor, the Mitsubishi G4M, whose design so strongly emphasized fuel and bomb load for long-range strikes at the expense of defence that its vulnerability to fighters and ground and surface gunfire earned it the unofficial nickname of "one shot lighter" by Allied fighter pilots.


title: Mitsubishi G3M

text: The bombsight used in the G3M was primitive compared to the mechanisms used in the G3M's contemporaries such as the B-17 Flying Fortress and Heinkel He 111. Aside from the limited precision necessary in its naval role as a long-range torpedo bomber against Allied naval fleets, the G3M frequently operated with other G3M units in massive "wave" formation. Use of these large formations eliminated the need for singular high-precision bombing attacks.


title: Mitsubishi G3M

text: Later the Nakajima Company redesigned the G3M into the improved G3M3 (Model 23) with more powerful engines and increased fuel capacity. This version was manufactured only by Nakajima, being the most rapidly produced in wartime. This version entered service in 1941, and was maintained in service for two years, and later used in 1943 alongside the G3M2 for long-range maritime reconnaissance with radar, due to its excellent long-range performance. Other G3M derivations were the transport versions, G3M-L and L3Y, the latter built by Yokosuka.


title: Mitsubishi G3M

text: The G3M flew for first time in 1935, taking off from a Nagasaki airfield belonging to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and landing at Haneda Airport on the outskirts of Tokyo. The G3M first saw combat in Japan's expansionist campaigns on the Chinese mainland in what became known as the "Second Sino-Japanese War", where the G3M was able to exploit its long-range capability when, during August–November 1937, the "1. Rengo Kōkūtai" (a special unit) was established, operating alongside the Kanoya and Kizarazu Kōkūtai based in Taipei, Formosa, Omura, Kyūshū and Jeju Island. On 14 August of that same year, 42 G3Ms and seven Hiro G2H1s, escorted by 12 Nakajima A4Ns and 12 Mitsubishi A5Ms of the "2. Rengo Kōkūtai" (a unit consisting of the 12th and 13th "kōkūtai"), departed from their bases to cross the East China Sea for the bombing of Hangchow and Kwanteh, and performed, amongst other actions, terror bombing of coastal and inland targets in China, including bombing during the Battle of Shanghai and Nanjing. The attacking G3M bombers and escorting fighters were often engaged by Curtiss Hawk III and Boeing P-26/281 fighters of the Chinese Air Force early on in the war. Later, from bases in occupied Chinese territories, it took part in the strategic carpet bombing of the Chinese heartland, its combat range being sufficient for the great distances involved. Most notably, it was involved in the round-the-clock bombing of Chongqing.


title: Mitsubishi G3M

text: When the Pacific War erupted with the invasion of Malaya and bombing of Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the G3M was by this time considered to be antiquated, but still three front-line units (the 22nd to 24th "koku sentai") were operating a total of 204 G3M2s in four "kōkūtai" (naval air corps) in the central Pacific and of these 54 aircraft from the "Takao Kōkūtai" were deployed from Formosa in the opening of the Battle of the Philippines. On 8 December 1941, (7 December across the International Date Line), G3Ms from the "Mihoro Kōkūtai" struck Singapore from bases in occupied Vietnam as one of many air raids during the Battle of Singapore, resulting in thousands of British and Asian civilians dead. Wake Island was similarly bombed by G3Ms from the "Chitose Kōkūtai" on the first day of the war, with both civilian and US Navy infrastructure being heavily damaged on the ground. Other G3Ms of "Chitose Kōkūtai", based in Kwajalein Atoll, attacked US Navy and civilian installations on Howland Island in the same period.


title: Mitsubishi G3M

text: The G3M was famous for taking part, along with the more advanced Mitsubishi G4M "Betty", in the sinking of two British capital ships on 10 December 1941. Nells from the "Genzan Kōkūtai" provided important support during the attack on and (Force Z) near the Malayan coast. "Prince of Wales" and "Repulse" were the first two capital ships ever sunk exclusively by an air attack while at sea during war.


title: Mitsubishi G3M

text: The attack on Darwin, Australia on 19 February 1942, by 188 Japanese aircraft, included 27 G3Ms of the "1. Kōkūtai" (1st Air Group) based at Ambon, in the Dutch East Indies. G3Ms attacked alongside 27 Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" bombers. These bombers followed an 81-strong first wave of Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighters, Aichi D3A dive bombers and Nakajima B5N torpedo bombers.


title: Mitsubishi G3M

text: G3Ms of the 701 Air Group put two torpedoes into heavy cruiser on January 29, 1943 during the Battle of Rennell Island, paving the way for her sinking by further torpedoes dropped by G4M bombers the next day.


title: Mitsubishi G3M

text: From 1943 until the end of the war, the majority of G3Ms served as glider tugs, aircrew and paratroop trainers, and transports for high-ranking officers and VIPs between the home islands, occupied territories, and combat fronts.


title: Three Sides Live

text: Three Sides Live is the third live album by the English rock band Genesis, released as a double album on 4 June 1982 on Charisma Records in the United Kingdom. It was released by Atlantic Records in the United States. After touring in support of their studio album "Abacab" ended in December 1981 the band entered an eight-month break in activity, during which they selected recordings from their previous tours for a live album. "Three Sides Live" includes recordings between 1976 and 1981; the UK edition contains additional live tracks on the fourth side of the double LP, while the original international edition featured tracks from their 1982 EP "3×3" and B-sides from "Duke". Subsequent international reissues have adopted the UK track sequence.


title: Three Sides Live

text: "Three Sides Live" received a mostly positive critical reception and was a commercial success, peaking at No. 2 on the UK Albums Chart and No. 10 on the US "Billboard" 200, where it sold 500,000 copies. Its release coincided with the band's "Three Sides Live" concert film. It was remastered in 1994 and 2009, the latter for their "Genesis Live 1973–2007" box set.


title: Three Sides Live

text: In December 1981, Genesis wrapped their four-month tour of Europe and North America to support the release of their eleventh studio album, "Abacab" (1981). The band then entered an eight-month break in activity, during which they each pursued solo projects and selected recordings from their previous tours for inclusion on a new live album. All editions of "Three Sides Live" contain recordings from their 1980 and 1981 tours across the first three sides. The fourth side of the UK edition contains additional live tracks from 1976, 1978, and 1980, while the international edition contains tracks from the group's second EP "3×3" (1982) – "Paperlate", "You Might Recall", and "Me and Virgil" and two B-sides recorded during the sessions for "Duke" (1980) – "Open Door" and "Evidence of Autumn".


title: Three Sides Live

text: "Three Sides Live" reached No. 2 in the UK and No. 10 in the US. It was certified silver and gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on 14 June 1982, the latter for 100,000 copies sold. In the United States, the album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on 4 October 1982 for 500,000 copies sold.


title: Three Sides Live

text: "Rolling Stone" gave the album a rave review, particularly praising Genesis's advancement to more refined and concise material: "Unlike "Seconds Out", where the concert versions of Genesis' songs were shrouded in virtuosic bluster, this album offers incisive, sharply focused performances uncluttered by theatrics or instrumental tedium." AllMusic's retrospective review asserted that the performances were impressive and exciting throughout, delivering nothing but "lean, crisp, and generally bracing accounts of the group's then-current sound."


title: Three Sides Live

text: In a review published in "Record Mirror" by Robin Smith, the album received a mixed response. The atmosphere he experienced in concert at one of their Wembley Arena gigs in 1981 was absent from the album, which he deemed "hardly a sparkling addition" to the Genesis catalogue. Smith attributed this to the song selection and it being recorded with "less than inspired audiences". He praised the performances of "Dodo/Lurker", "Behind the Lines", "Duchess", but picked the third and fourth side as stand out tracks. Smith concluded that he would be listening to "Seconds Out", the band's second live album, "for years to come".


title: Three Sides Live

text: In 1994, "Three Sides Live" was remastered and reissued with the UK edition worldwide. Four of the five additional studio selections from that out of print release were issued in 2000 on the "" box set (all but "Me And Virgil"), and all five songs have since been included on the bonus disc of the "Genesis 1976–1982" box set.


title: Varudu

text: Varudu () is a 2010 Indian Telugu-language romantic action film directed by Gunasekhar in his tenth directorial film. This film stars Allu Arjun, Arya, and Bhanu Sri Mehra, while Suhasini Mani Ratnam, Ashish Vidyarthi, and Brahmanandam, among others, play supporting roles. D.V.V. Danayya is the producer of the film. The music was composed by Mani Sharma, and the film released on 31 March 2010.


title: Varudu

text: Sandeep 'Sandy' (Allu Arjun) is a next-gen youngster who parties hard and has a modern outlook, but his ideas towards marriage are traditional. As he gets a job in the US, his parents Vasundhara (Suhasini) and Raj Gopal (Ashish Vidyarthi), who got married against their respective parents' wishes, ask him to get married. He accepts and tells them that he will marry a girl of their choice in a ceremony that lasts five days. He also refuses to see his bride until the marriage. Everything is arranged according to his wishes, and his marriage is fixed with Deepthi (Bhanu Sri Mehra). At the ceremony, when Sandy and Deepthi see each other, they fall in love at first sight. But during the ceremony, Deepthi gets kidnapped by a local goon named Diwakar (Arya). Sandy's family tries to convince him for another marriage, but he refuses and tries finding Deepthi. He gets to know Deepthi's whereabouts. Diwakar kidnapped Deepthi to take revenge from her as she slapped him for misbehaving with her in public. The police gets killed by Diwakar and his men. Sandy takes the law into his hands and kidnaps Diwakar's brother Prabhakar. He threatens to kill Prabhakar if he doesn't release Deepthi. Diwakar releases Deepthi and he kills Prabhakar infront if them when he tried to make her is own. In the scuffle, Sandeep challenges Diwakar to come to their marriage and try to kidnap Deepthi infront of his eyes, to which he agrees. Sandy and Deepthi get married successfully, this time with all the rituals. When they step out of the mandap, Diwakar attacks Sandy. A fight happens in which Sandy confronts Diwakar and kills him. Sandy and Deepthi then live happily ever after.


title: Varudu

text: Though Singer Malavika sang the song Relare Relare, Geetha Madhuri who lent vocals for only very few lines, was credited as the singer. The audio rendered by Mani Sharma was launched on 7 March 2010 at Ramanaidu Studios in Hyderabad. The audio was released in the market by Aditya Music. The event was held in a wedding atmosphere with the cast and crew dressed in traditional attire. Film personalities like Allu Arjun, Allu Aravind, Gunasekhar, Veturi, Mani Sharma, Sirish, D. V. V. Danayya, Dil Raju, Thota Prasad, S. S. Rajamouli, Daggubati Suresh Babu, Shyam Prasad Reddy, Kondavalasa Lakshmana Rao, K. S. Rama Rao, B. Gopal, M. L. Kumar Chowdary, B. V. S. N. Prasad, K. L. Narayana, etc., were present. The audio CDs were released by S. S. Rajamouli, and the first copy was received by Allu Aravind. The audio cassettes were released by Shyam Prasad Reddy, and he presented the first copy to Daggubati Suresh Babu. The function began with the dance performances for Allu Arjun's earlier film songs. Veturi was felicitated at the Audio Release function, and it turned out to be his penultimate movie before his Death on 22 May 2010.


title: Electrocuting an Elephant

text: Electrocuting an Elephant (also known as Electrocution of an Elephant) is a 1903 American, short, black-and-white, silent documentary film of the killing of the elephant Topsy by electrocution at a Coney Island amusement park. It was produced by the Edison film company (part of the Edison Manufacturing Company) and is believed to have been shot by Edwin S. Porter or Jacob Blair Smith.


title: Electrocuting an Elephant

text: This film documents the publicly announced killing of Topsy the elephant at the unfinished Luna Park on Coney Island, New York City on January 4, 1903. The elephant had recently been acquired from Forepaugh Circus, where she had a reputation as a "bad" elephant, having killed a drunken spectator the previous year who burnt the tip of her trunk with a lit cigar. After several incidents at Luna Park (sometimes attributed to the actions of her handler, William "Whitey" Alt) the owners of Luna Park, Frederic Thompson and Elmer "Skip" Dundy, claimed they could no longer handle the elephant and announced they would hang Topsy in a public spectacle and charge admission. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals stepped in, questioning the idea of hanging an elephant as well as making a public spectacle out of the death of an animal. Thompson and Dundy cut the event back to invited guest and press only and agreed to use a surer method of strangling the elephant with large ropes tied to a steam powered winch. They also agreed they would use poison and electricity as well.


title: Electrocuting an Elephant

text: The 74 second film opens with a standard Edison Studios credit screen "ELECTROCUTING AN ELEPHANT" "Thomas A. Edison" and then cuts to Topsy being led past a crowd of people through an unfinished Luna Park to the execution spot, an island in the middle of a "lagoon" used for boat-rides, by elephant handler Carl Goliath. The film camera stops at that point and an intervening hour and forty-five minutes are not recorded. During this unrecorded interval Topsy refused to cross the bridge to the island forcing the park employees and Brooklyn Edison electricians to re-rig the strangling apparatus and electrical wiring to where Topsy stood. Topsy was also fed carrots laced with cyanide while copper-clad sandals connected to electric lines were strapped to her feet. When the film camera restarts, Topsy is seen with the bridge over the lagoon and the original execution spot, the parks "Electric Tower" with a sign advertising "OPENING MAY 2ND 1903 LUNA PARK $1,000,000 EXPOSITION, THE HEART OF CONEY ISLAND", in the background. Topsy tries to shake off one of the sandals and then stands still. At that point she stiffens as 6,600-volts AC is applied to her body. Smoke rises from her feet and then she topples to the ground. Right at the end of the film, the noose tied around Topsy's neck can be seen tightening.


title: Electrocuting an Elephant

text: This was one of many short "actuality" films by the Edison Manufacturing Company shot at Coney Island from 1897 on. It was released on January 17, 1903, 13 days after Topsy's death, to be viewed in Edison coin-operated kinetoscopes. It was listed in the Edison catalog as:


title: Electrocuting an Elephant

text: "Electrocuting an Elephant" does not seem to have been as popular as other Edison films from that period.


title: Electrocuting an Elephant

text: The Edison company submitted the film to the Library of Congress as a "paper print" (a photographic record of each frame of the film) for copyright purposes. This form of submission may have saved the film for posterity since most films and negatives of this period decayed or were destroyed over time. It may have been the first time a death was ever captured in a motion picture film.


title: Electrocuting an Elephant

text: The film fell into relative obscurity in the years after 1903, showing up as an out-of-context clip in the 1979 film "Mr. Mike's Mondo Video". In 1991, documentary maker Ric Burns made the film "Coney Island" which included a segment recounting the death of Topsy, including clips from the film "Electrocuting an Elephant". The film was also used in a memorial arts piece to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Topsy's death created by New Orleans artist Lee Deigaard and exhibited at the Coney Island USA museum. It allowed the public to view the film on a hand cranked mutoscope while surrounded by hanging chains and standing on a copper plate. In recent years portions of "Electrocuting an Elephant" have also appeared in movies, music videos, TV shows, and video games.


title: Electrocuting an Elephant

text: In popular culture, Thompson and Dundy's execution of Topsy has switched attribution, with claims the film depicts an anti-alternating current demonstration organized by Thomas A. Edison during the war of the currents. Historians point out that Edison was never at Luna Park and the electrocution of Topsy took place 10 years after the war of the currents.


title: Andy Levin

text: Andrew Saul Levin (born August 10, 1960) is an American attorney and politician serving as the U.S. representative for since 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, Levin was elected to the House in 2018, succeeding his retiring father, Sander Levin. He is the nephew of Carl Levin, a former U.S. senator.


title: Andy Levin

text: Levin was born on August 10, 1960, to parents Sander Levin and Vicki Schlafer. Sander was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1982. Andy grew up with two sisters, Jennifer and Madeleine, and a brother, Matthew.


title: Andy Levin

text: Levin graduated from Williams College with a bachelor's degree. He earned a master's degree in Asian languages and culture from the University of Michigan and a Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School.


title: Andy Levin

text: Levin was a staff attorney for the U.S. Commission on the Future of Worker-Management Relations in 1994 and worked as a trade union organizer and director. He ran as a Democrat for the 13th district seat in the Michigan State Senate in 2006. He lost to Republican John Pappageorge by 0.6% of the vote. After the election, he directed Voice@Work, a program seeking to expand trade union membership.


title: Andy Levin

text: In 2007, Governor Jennifer Granholm appointed Levin deputy director in the Michigan Department of Energy, Labor, and Economic Growth (DELEG). He oversaw the "No Worker Left Behind" program, which provided job training to unemployed workers. In 2009, Granholm named him chief workforce officer. In 2010, Granholm named him acting director of DELEG, a role he served in until the end of her administration in 2011. He founded the clean energy firm Levin Energy Partners LLC and serves as president of Lean & Green Michigan.


title: Andy Levin

text: Levin ran to succeed his father in the U.S. House of Representatives in . He defeated former State Representative Ellen Lipton and attorney Martin Brook in the primary election with 52.5% of the vote. Levin defeated Republican businesswoman Candius Stearns in the general election.


title: Andy Levin

text: Levin ran for a second term in 2020. He defeated Republican Charles Langworthy and several minor candidates, with 57.8% of the vote.


title: Andy Levin

text: In the 2022 Democratic primary, Levin lost to Haley Stevens. A Zionist and former synagogue leader known for his critical views of hard-line Israeli policies, Levin was opposed by the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), which raised substantial sums from pro-Trump financiers, and provided $4 million for a negative publicity campaign against his candidacy. Levin has said, "AIPAC can’t stand the idea that I am the clearest, strongest Jewish voice in Congress standing for a simple proposition: that there is no way to have a secure, democratic homeland for the Jewish people unless we achieve the political and human rights of the Palestinian people."


title: Andy Levin

text: In November 2020, "The New York Times" reported rumors that Levin was considered a possible candidate for Secretary of Labor in the Biden administration; Mayor of Boston Marty Walsh was ultimately named to the post in 2021.


title: Andy Levin

text: Levin and his wife Mary (née Freeman) have four children, and live in Bloomfield Township. Levin is Jewish.


title: Combat

text: Combat (French for "fight") is a purposeful violent conflict meant to physically harm or kill the opposition. Combat may be armed (using weapons) or unarmed (not using weapons). Combat is sometimes resorted to as a method of self-defense, or can be used as a tool to impose one's will on others. An instance of combat can be a stand-alone confrontation or a small part of a much larger violent conflict. Instances of combat may also be benign and recreational, as in the cases of combat sports and mock combat.


title: Combat

text: Combat may comply with, or be in violation of local or international laws regarding conflict. Examples of rules include the Geneva Conventions (covering the treatment of people in war), medieval chivalry, the Marquess of Queensberry rules (covering boxing) and several forms of combat sports.


title: Combat

text: Hand-to-hand combat (melee) is combat at very close range, attacking the opponent with the body (striking, kicking, strangling, etc.) and/or with a melee weapon (knives, swords, batons, etc.), as opposed to a ranged weapon.


title: Combat

text: Hand-to-hand combat can be further divided into three sections depending on the distance and positioning of the combatants:


title: Combat

text: Military combat has always been between two or more opposing military forces in warfare. Military combat situations can involve multiple groups, involving guerilla groups, insurgents, domestic and/or foreign governments. A military conflict is known either as a battle or a war, depending on the size of the fighting and exactly which geographical areas in which the war/battle occurs. Combat effectiveness has always demanded that the personnel maintain strategic preparedness by being sufficiently trained, armed, equipped, and funded to carry out combat operations in the unit to which they are assigned. Warfare falls under the laws of war, which govern its purposes and conduct, and protect the rights of combatants and non-combatants.


title: Russian Grand Prix

text: The Russian Grand Prix () was an annual motor racing event held at Sochi Autodrom – a permanent circuit built around the Olympic Park in Sochi – as part of the Formula One World Championship.


title: Russian Grand Prix

text: The race was first held briefly in the 1910s in Saint Petersburg of the Russian Empire. Plans were made to host a Formula One event in Moscow for the 1983 season as the Grand Prix of the Soviet Union scheduled for 21 August, but these plans fell through due to bureaucratic barriers. In 2010, it was announced that the Russian city of Sochi, which was also preparing to host the 2014 Winter Olympics, would host a new event on the Formula One calendar, beginning in under a seven-year deal.


title: Russian Grand Prix

text: In 2021, a contract was signed with the intention of moving the event to Igora Drive (about north of Saint Petersburg) starting from 2023 onwards. Igora Drive, which was opened in 2019, was due to have an extension to the track built, taking the original layout from and 15 turns to and 19 turns in time for the 2023 race.


title: Russian Grand Prix

text: The 2022 event was cancelled in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, before the contract for all future races was terminated.


title: Russian Grand Prix

text: The event is notable for having only ever been won by Mercedes during the race's establishment as a World Championship event.


title: Russian Grand Prix

text: The Russian Grand Prix was run twice, first in 1913 and then 1914 at a circuit in Saint Petersburg. The first race was won by Russian racing driver Georgy Suvorin, whilst German Willy Scholl won the 1914 event. Following the outbreak of the First World War and the Russian Civil War, the Russian Grand Prix was abandoned, and it was not resumed after the abolition of the Tsarist empire and establishment of the Soviet Union.


title: Russian Grand Prix

text: Plans for a Grand Prix in Russia emerged in the early 1980s, with a proposed circuit in Moscow to be run under the title of the "Grand Prix of the Soviet Union". The race was included on a provisional calendar for , but bureaucratic barriers prevented the Grand Prix from being held, and the race was removed from all subsequent revisions of the calendar. Nevertheless, Bernie Ecclestone continued in his quest to organise a race behind the Iron Curtain. Instead, Hungary became the first communist country to host a race, joining the calendar in .


title: Russian Grand Prix

text: In 2001, Vladimir Putin, President of Russia, expressed personal support to the project of the "Pulkovskoe Ring" near the Pulkovo Airport, but the race never came to fruition. Another attempt was made in 2003, with the Moscow council approving a project to build a track in Molzhaninovsky District of Moscow. The project was abandoned after a dispute over the commercial contract. In September 2008, it was revealed that work was to begin on a Formula One circuit to be located at the village of Fedyukovo, Volokolamsky District of the Moscow Province, approximately away from Moscow. Known as the Moscow Raceway, the track was designed by Hermann Tilke to host both Formula One and Moto GP races. The plan to host a Grand Prix at the Moscow Raceway was never realised, but unlike the Pulkovskoe Ring and Nagatino Island projects, the circuit was completed, and in 2012, hosted rounds of the Formula Renault 3.5 and 2.0 Series – which became the first internationally accredited motorsport events to hold a round in Russia – as well as the FIA GT1 World Championship, and the Superbike World Championship.


title: Russian Grand Prix

text: Vitaly Petrov became Russia's first Formula One driver in 2010, when he joined Renault, adding further momentum to the project. Bernie Ecclestone expressed a desire to see Formula One travel to Russia at a circuit in or near Moscow or at the resort city of Sochi. After several decades of attempting to re-establish the race, the new Russian Grand Prix was officially announced on 14 October 2010 for a debut in 2014, running through to 2020. The race is held in the Sochi, the host city of the 2014 Winter Olympics, at the Sochi Autodrom – a 5.9 km street circuit which passes around the venues of Sochi's Olympic Park.


title: Russian Grand Prix

text: The inaugural event was held on 12 October 2014, and was won by British driver Lewis Hamilton, followed by German driver Nico Rosberg, both from the Mercedes-Benz team, and Valtteri Bottas, of Williams. Mercedes' one-two finish also saw them claim their first constructors' title in Formula One.


title: Russian Grand Prix

text: The 2015 race was held on 11 October 2015. The weekend saw a massive crash for Toro Rosso driver Carlos Sainz Jr. in the third free practice session, after he lost control of his car at turn 13, hit a wall, and went into the Tecpro barriers. He was declared fit to start the race. Nico Rosberg took pole position but he was forced to retire in the early stages due to a faulty throttle. His teammate Lewis Hamilton took the win, ahead of Ferrari's Sebastian Vettel, and Force India's Sergio Pérez, who had initially lost third place on the final lap, but retook it after Kimi Räikkönen and Valtteri Bottas collided while battling each other for third, with Bottas retiring on the spot and Räikkönen receiving a 30-second post race penalty for the collision. Mercedes also secured their second consecutive constructor's championship, having done so at the previous year's event.


title: Russian Grand Prix

text: The 2016 event was held on 1 May 2016, moved forward to the fourth round of the calendar, unlike the previous two events. The race saw a big crash at the start at turn 2 that saw Nico Hülkenberg, Esteban Gutiérrez, and Rio Haryanto all eliminated, while Sebastian Vettel was hit in the back by Daniil Kvyat going into turn 2, then he was hit again at turn 3, causing him to spin out and crash out of the race. On the Thursday after the event, Red Bull announced that they demoted Kvyat back to Toro Rosso for the rest of the season, switching places with 18-year-old Dutchman Max Verstappen. Nico Rosberg was the winner with Lewis Hamilton making it a one-two finish for Mercedes.


title: Russian Grand Prix

text: The 2017 event was held on 30 April 2017, and saw Valtteri Bottas secure his first career win in Formula One, ahead of the Ferrari pair of Sebastian Vettel and Kimi Räikkonen. Vettel and Räikkönen locked out the front row but both were passed by Bottas on the run to turn 2. The race saw Fernando Alonso unable to start due to a problem with his power unit and Romain Grosjean and Jolyon Palmer eliminated in a crash that saw the Renault driver launch the Haas driver into the air and into the barrier. Both drivers escaped unhurt. Bottas took the win by just 0.7 seconds from Vettel in the end, with Räikkönen setting the fastest lap.


title: Russian Grand Prix

text: The 2018 race was held on 30 September 2018, moved back from its April slot to fill a vacancy left by the Malaysian Grand Prix, which was discontinued at the end of 2017. The event saw Valtteri Bottas take pole position one year after securing his first ever victory at the circuit.


title: Russian Grand Prix

text: In the 2019 Russian Grand Prix, Charles Leclerc was on pole ahead of Lewis Hamilton and Sebastian Vettel, but Vettel jumped the both of them going into Turn 2, and led the race until lap 26, when he suffered a MGU-K failure. A lap later, George Russell crashed into the barriers at Turn 9, which was an apparent wheel nut failure, as stated by the Williams team, which prompted Robert Kubica to retire in order for the team to conserve parts. After the safety car, Leclerc tried an unsuccessful overtaking manoeuvre on Valtteri Bottas, and Lewis Hamilton took another victory, with Bottas and Leclerc second and third respectively.


title: Russian Grand Prix

text: On 24 February 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Formula One suspended the contract for the Grand Prix, stating that it would be "impossible to hold it under the current circumstances." World Champions Sebastian Vettel and Max Verstappen had previously called for the cancellation of the race. The race was eventually cancelled on 1 March 2022.


title: Russian Grand Prix

text: The race was due to move north from Sochi Autodrom to Igora Drive near Saint Petersburg from 2023 onwards. However, on 3 March 2022, in the wake of the continuing Russian invasion of Ukraine, Formula One announced that the contract to hold the Russian Grand Prix had been terminated.


title: Cambridge Rindge and Latin School

text: The Cambridge Rindge and Latin School, also known as CRLS or "Rindge," is a public high school in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. It is a part of the Cambridge Public School District. In 1977, two separate schools, the Rindge Technical School and Cambridge High and Latin School, merged to form the Cambridge Rindge and Latin School. The newly built high school at the time increased its capacity to more than 2,000 students from all four grades.


title: Cambridge Rindge and Latin School

text: The school is divided into 'Learning Communities.' The Learning Communities are called C, R, L, and S. Until June 2000, the subdivisions were called "Houses": Pilot, Fundamental, House A, Academy, Leadership, and the Rindge School of Technical Arts or RSTA. In 1990, RSTA became a "house" within the main CRLS school. The "Houses" then temporarily became "Schools" (called schools 1/2/3/4/5). In 2004 the schools transitioned to become "Learning Communities" C (formerly school 1), R(formerly school 2), L(formerly school 3), and S(formerly school 5).


title: Cambridge Rindge and Latin School

text: The High School Extension Program, at the site of the old Longfellow School, just down Broadway, offers a nontraditional approach to the high school learning process, handling only 60–100 students at a time. In 2009 and 2010, the building became a temporary freshman academy to accommodate renovations.


title: Cambridge Rindge and Latin School

text: CRLS is noted for its diversity in regards to academic achievement in which students of all academic levels take the same courses.


title: Cambridge Rindge and Latin School

text: Beginning in 2003, the City of Cambridge mobilized an ambitious plan to renovate the high school. The project was claimed to be "the first major renovation and refurbishing of the 35-year-old [sic] high school building." The project continued to be pushed back, due to state funding issues and other obstructions along the way. In 2006, the state announced a return in funding, and by the Spring 2007 the School Committee started looking at wider ranging renovations for the building. The renovations were undertaken in 2009-2011.


title: Cambridge Rindge and Latin School

text: CRLS is actually several separate schools combined into a greater whole. In 1642, the year Harvard College's first class of nine young men graduated, the General Court made it the duty of Cambridge to require that parents and masters properly educate their children or be fined if they neglected to do so. (Girls, however, did not usually attend public schools until 1789, when Boston voted that "children of both sexes" should be taught in the reading and writing schools of their newly reorganized system.) In 1648, Cambridge set up a public grammar school, Master Elijah Corlett's "lattin schoole," making Cambridge the fifth town (after Boston, Charlestown, Dorchester, and Salem) in the Massachusetts Bay Colony to do so. Corlett's schoolhouse came into the possession of Old Cambridge in 1660, and over the next century was succeeded by several new buildings. The public school that evolved from Cortlett's original was a "grammar school" in a double sense: an English grammar school for Old Cambridge and a Latin grammar school (teaching the rudiments of Latin and Greek) for all Cambridge. The school generally aimed to prepare students for admission to college:


title: Cambridge Rindge and Latin School

text: By 1832, public schools in Cambridge were open to girls as well as boys. In 1838, Cambridgeport organized a public high school to serve all of Cambridge at the corner of Broadway and Windsor Streets. However, since the location was not easily accessible to either Old Cambridge or East Cambridge, most of the new high schools' students were drawn from Cambridgeport. In 1843, Old Cambridge set up the Female High School, and East Cambridge completed its Otis schoolhouse. Not until 1848 did plans to merge the high schools of the three competitive wards overcome sectional differences. This marked the origin of the Cambridge High School, which began in a new building erected at the corner of Amory and Summer streets and was immediately flooded with over 135 applicants.


title: Cambridge Rindge and Latin School

text: The Cambridge High School was divided in 1886: its classical department became the Cambridge Latin School and its remaining departments the Cambridge English High School. The English High School was located at the corner of Broadway and Fayette Streets, while the Latin School was transferred to the Lee Street church, which had been renovated to receive it. At the time of the separation, the high school contained 515 pupils, and 16 teachers. Six teachers and 165 pupils went to the Latin school. In September 1888, the Cambridge Manual Training School for Boys (to become Rindge Tech), founded and maintained by Frederick Hastings Rindge, was opened to the boys of the English High School. In 1892, the English High School moved into a commodious new building on Broadway; Rindge had presented the land to Cambridge at a cost of $230,000. The EHS's old building at Broadway and Fayette was remodeled, and the Latin School moved in. By 1896, the Latin School had grown so quickly that plans were underway for another new building (cost approx. $250,000) that would stand on land adjacent to the English High School building and the Public Library.


title: Cambridge Rindge and Latin School

text: In 1977, Cambridge High & Latin and the Rindge School of Technical Arts and were merged into Cambridge Rindge and Latin, or CRLS. The old Cambridge High & Latin building was demolished in 1980, but the old granite lintel and doorway frame have been put in place at the corner of Ellery Street and Broadway as a commemorative archway, leading into the grassy fields of Joan Lorentz Park.


title: Cambridge Rindge and Latin School

text: In 2001 there was an attempt to restructure the Cambridge Rindge & Latin school under headmaster Paula Evans, which had found controversy. She resigned shortly afterwards. After her resignation she began efforts to create a charter school, which became the Community Charter School of Cambridge (CCSC). Colleen Walsh of the "Boston Globe" said that Evans's charter school efforts "touched off a firestorm" and that "many people" were upset at her because they perceived that she had abandoned Cambridge Rindge & Latin.


title: Cambridge Rindge and Latin School

text: During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the school was subject to multiple accusations of inherent racism in its infrastructure, which led to the disbanding of the original houses, as well as the changing of the original school mascot from a bust of a Native American to a falcon and their name from Warriors to Falcons after concerns about the racist history of the mascot. Students entered their ideas and then voted for the new mascot in a school wide contest. The graduating class of '90 went from wearing brown and gold and Native American warrior and being called The Mighty Warriors to wearing black and silver and a falcon and being called Falcons [or Gyrfalcons.]


title: Cambridge Rindge and Latin School

text: The school's newspaper is "Register Forum". It was first founded in 1891 as the "C.M.T.S Register", the name was further changed to the "Rindge Register", and in 1977, when the two public high schools in the city merged, their papers merged as well. The Cambridge Latin Forum merged with the Rindge Register to become "The Register Forum". The Register Forum now publishes 10 editions per year at the end of each month, September to June. Those editions range from 8 to 24 pages, and focus on events around the school. The paper was formerly printed at The Harvard Crimson press, but has since moved production to out of state facilities due to cost restraints.


title: Cambridge Rindge and Latin School

text: Athletics have always played a major part in the school's extracurricular activity structure. The 11 fall and winter sports take place between September and Thanksgiving (the day of the football team's final game), and between the first Monday following Thanksgiving and February or March. The ten spring sports start on the third Monday in March, and finish in late May.


title: Cambridge Rindge and Latin School

text: CRLS has an extensive arts program, with an emphasis on visual and performing arts. The school has programs in photography, graphic design, fine arts, pottery, a modern dance company, Falcon Band, Big Band Jazz Ensemble and a string orchestra.


title: Ceph (software)

text: Ceph (pronounced ) is an open-source software-defined storage platform that implements object storage on a single distributed computer cluster and provides 3-in-1 interfaces for object-, block- and file-level storage. Ceph aims primarily for completely distributed operation without a single point of failure, scalability to the exabyte level, and to be freely available. Since version 12, Ceph does not rely on other filesystems and can directly manage HDDs and SSDs with its own storage backend BlueStore and can completely self reliantly expose a POSIX filesystem.


title: Ceph (software)

text: Ceph replicates data and makes it fault-tolerant, using commodity hardware and Ethernet IP and requiring no specific hardware support. The Ceph’s system offers disaster recovery and data redundancy through techniques such as replication, erasure coding, snapshots and storage cloning. As a result of its design, the system is both self-healing and self-managing, aiming to minimize administration time and other costs.


title: Ceph (software)

text: In this way, administrators have a single, consolidated system that collects the storage within a common management framework.


title: Ceph (software)

text: Ceph consolidates several storage use cases and improves resource utilization. It also lets an organization deploy servers where needed.


title: Ceph (software)

text: All of these are fully distributed, and may run on the same set of servers. Clients with different needs can directly interact with different subsets of them.


title: Ceph (software)

text: Ceph does striping of individual files across multiple nodes to achieve higher throughput, similar to how RAID0 stripes partitions across multiple hard drives. Adaptive load balancing is supported whereby frequently accessed objects are replicated over more nodes.


title: Ceph (software)

text: , BlueStore is the default and recommended storage type for production environments, which is Ceph's own storage implementation providing better latency and configurability than the filestore backend, and avoiding the shortcomings of the filesystem based storage involving additional processing and caching layers. The filestore backend is still considered useful and very stable; XFS used to be the recommended underlying filesystem type for production environments, while Btrfs was recommended for non-production environments. ext4 filesystems were not recommended because of resulting limitations on the maximum RADOS objects length. Even using BlueStore, XFS is used for a small partition of metadata.


title: Ceph (software)

text: From 2019 there is ongoing project to reimplement OSD in Ceph, called Crimson. Main goal of Crimson is minimizing CPU overhead and latency, because modern storage devices like NVMe got much faster than HDD and even SSD, but CPUs do not catch up with that change. Moreover is meant to be backward compatible drop-in replacement for . While Crimson can work with BlueStore, a new ObjectStore implementation called SeaStore is also being developed.


title: Ceph (software)

text: These are often capacitive disks which are associated with Ceph's S3 object storage for use cases: Big Data (datalake), Backup & Archives, IOT, media, video recording, etc.


title: Ceph (software)

text: Ceph's software libraries provide client applications with direct access to the "reliable autonomic distributed object store" (RADOS) object-based storage system, and also provide a foundation for some of Ceph's features, including "RADOS Block Device" (RBD), "RADOS Gateway", and the "Ceph File System". In this way, administrators can maintain their storage devices as a unified system, which makes it easier to replicate and protect the data.


title: Ceph (software)

text: The "librados" software libraries provide access in C, C++, Java, PHP, and Python. The RADOS Gateway also exposes the object store as a RESTful interface which can present as both native Amazon S3 and OpenStack Swift APIs.


title: Ceph (software)

text: Ceph's object storage system allows users to mount Ceph as a thin-provisioned block device. When an application writes data to Ceph using a block device, Ceph automatically stripes and replicates the data across the cluster. Ceph's "RADOS Block Device" (RBD) also integrates with Kernel-based Virtual Machines (KVMs).


title: Ceph (software)

text: These are often fast disks (NVMe, SSD) which are associated with Ceph's block storage for use cases, including databases, virtual machines, data analytics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning.


title: Ceph (software)

text: "Ceph-RBD" interfaces with the same Ceph object storage system that provides the librados interface and the CephFS file system, and it stores block device images as objects. Since RBD is built on librados, RBD inherits librados's abilities, including read-only snapshots and revert to snapshot. By striping images across the cluster, Ceph improves read access performance for large block device images.


title: Ceph (software)

text: "Ceph-iSCSI" is a gateway which enables access to distributed, highly available block storage from any Microsoft Windows and VMware vSphere server or client capable of speaking the iSCSI protocol. By using ceph-iscsi on one or more iSCSI gateway hosts, Ceph RBD images become available as Logical Units (LUs) associated with iSCSI targets, which can be accessed in an optionally load-balanced, highly available fashion.


title: Ceph (software)

text: Since all of ceph-iscsi configuration is stored in the Ceph RADOS object store, ceph-iscsi gateway hosts are inherently without persistent state and thus can be replaced, augmented, or reduced at will. As a result, Ceph Storage enables customers to run a truly distributed, highly-available, resilient, and self-healing enterprise storage technology on commodity hardware and an entirely open source platform.


title: Ceph (software)

text: The block device can be virtualized, providing block storage to virtual machines, in virtualization platforms such as Openshift, OpenStack, Kubernetes, OpenNebula, Ganeti, Apache CloudStack and Proxmox Virtual Environment.


title: Ceph (software)

text: Ceph's file system (CephFS) runs on top of the same object storage system that provides object storage and block device interfaces. The Ceph metadata server cluster provides a service that maps the directories and file names of the file system to objects stored within RADOS clusters. The metadata server cluster can expand or contract, and it can rebalance the file system dynamically to distribute data evenly among cluster hosts. This ensures high performance and prevents heavy loads on specific hosts within the cluster.


title: Ceph (software)

text: Clients mount the POSIX-compatible file system using a Linux kernel client. An older FUSE-based client is also available. The servers run as regular Unix daemons.


title: Ceph (software)

text: Ceph was initially created by Sage Weil for his doctoral dissertation, which was advised by Professor Scott A. Brandt at the Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC), and sponsored by the Advanced Simulation and Computing Program (ASC), including Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The first line of code that ended up being part of Ceph was written by Sage Weil in 2004 while at a summer internship at LLNL, working on scalable filesystem metadata management (known today as Ceph's MDS). In 2005, as part of a summer project initiated by Scott A. Brandt and led by Carlos Maltzahn, Sage Weil created a fully functional file system prototype which adopted the name Ceph. Ceph made its debut with Sage Weil giving two presentations in November 2006, one at USENIX OSDI 2006 and another at SC'06.


title: Ceph (software)

text: After his graduation in autumn 2007, Weil continued to work on Ceph full-time, and the core development team expanded to include Yehuda Sadeh Weinraub and Gregory Farnum. On March 19, 2010, Linus Torvalds merged the Ceph client into Linux kernel version 2.6.34 which was released on May 16, 2010. In 2012, Weil created Inktank Storage for professional services and support for Ceph.


title: Ceph (software)

text: In April 2014, Red Hat purchased Inktank, bringing the majority of Ceph development in-house to make it a production version for enterprises with support (hotline) and continuous maintenance (new versions).


title: Ceph (software)

text: In October 2015, the Ceph Community Advisory Board was formed to assist the community in driving the direction of open source software-defined storage technology. The charter advisory board includes Ceph community members from global IT organizations that are committed to the Ceph project, including individuals from Red Hat, Intel, Canonical, CERN, Cisco, Fujitsu, SanDisk, and SUSE.


title: Ceph (software)

text: In November 2018, the Linux Foundation launched the Ceph Foundation as a successor to the Ceph Community Advisory Board. Founding members of the Ceph Foundation included Amihan, Canonical, China Mobile, DigitalOcean, Intel, OVH, ProphetStor Data Services, Red Hat, SoftIron, SUSE, Western Digital, XSKY Data Technology, and ZTE.


title: Ceph (software)

text: In March 2021, SUSE discontinued its Enterprise Storage product incorporating Ceph in favor of Longhorn. and the former Enterprise Storage website was updated stating "SUSE has refocused the storage efforts around serving our strategic SUSE Enterprise Storage Customers and are no longer actively selling SUSE Enterprise Storage."


title: Ceph (software)

text: The name "Ceph" is an abbreviation of "cephalopod", a class of molluscs that includes the octopus. The name (emphasized by the logo) suggests the highly parallel behavior of an octopus and was chosen to associate the file system with "Sammy", the banana slug mascot of UCSC. Both cephalopods and banana slugs are molluscs.


title: Tusk (song)

text: "Tusk" is a song by British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac from the 1979 double LP of the same name. The song peaked at number eight in the United States for three weeks, reached number six in the United Kingdom (where it was certified Silver for sales of over 250,000 copies), number five in Canada, and number three in Australia. It was one of the first songs to be released using a digital mixdown from an original analog source.


title: Tusk (song)

text: The single was released with two different picture sleeves in many territories: the first featured the black and white picture of producer/engineer Ken Caillat's dog Scooter snapping at a trouser leg, the same as that used for the album cover, whilst the second featured a plain cover with the same font as the album cover but without the dog picture. A limited promotional 12-inch version, featuring mono and stereo versions, was also released to US radio stations.


title: Tusk (song)

text: A slightly different mix of the track appeared on the retrospective four-disc compilation "25 Years – The Chain" in 1992.


title: Tusk (song)

text: Looking for a title track for the as yet unnamed album, Mick Fleetwood suggested that they take the rehearsal riff that Lindsey Buckingham used for sound-checks. Producers Richard Dashut and Ken Caillat then created a drum-driven production. In addition to the standard drum kit, Fleetwood Mac also experimented with different found sounds on the song. Fleetwood and Buckingham played lamb chops and a Kleenex box on the track respectively.


title: Tusk (song)

text: At the request of Mick Fleetwood, the band recruited the University of Southern California's Trojan Marching Band to play on the single. A mobile studio was installed in Los Angeles' Dodger Stadium to record the marching band. The recording session took place on June 4, 1979. Some recorded footage of the session made it into the song's music video. John McVie was in Tahiti during the Dodger Stadium recording, but he is represented in the video by a cardboard cutout carried around by Mick Fleetwood and later positioned in the stands with the other band members.


title: Tusk (song)

text: The Trojan Marching Band's contributions set a record for the highest number of musicians performing on a single. At the time, the marching band had 112 members. During a game at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum on October 4, 1980, Lindsey Buckingham, Stevie Nicks, and Mick Fleetwood presented the Trojan Band with a platinum disc for their contributions on "Tusk". The song was also performed with the Trojan Band during Fleetwood Mac's 1997 concert for the recording of the live album "The Dance".


title: Tusk (song)

text: For the Tusk Tour, the band used an Oberheim four-voice synthesizer played by keyboard tech Jeffery Sova to cover the horn parts. An OB-X with a cassette interface was kept backstage if the Four-Voice broke down. Christine McVie, who was expected to handle a percussion part for live renditions of "Tusk", instead opted to play the accordion, an instrument she never intended to learn. "It was just laying around the stage one day. I wasn't sure what I was going to play on 'Tusk'. I thought I might wind up playing some kind of percussion, but I just picked it up and started doing the riff."


title: Tusk (song)

text: "Billboard" described Tusk as "an eerie combination of vocals and a heavy percussion track." "Billboard" suggested that it was "not as accessible" as other Fleetwood Mac songs and that it was more difficult to "get a handle" on the hook. "Cash Box" said it "may mystify some with its droning drum beat, the inclusion of the USC Marching Band and dissonant break" but it has a mesmerizing quality."


title: South Bay (Los Angeles County)

text: The South Bay is a region of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, located in the southwest corner of Los Angeles County. The name stems from its geographic location stretching along the southern shore of Santa Monica Bay. The South Bay contains fifteen cities plus portions of the City of Los Angeles and unincorporated portions of the county. The area is bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the south and west and generally by the City of Los Angeles on the north and east.


title: South Bay (Los Angeles County)

text: The region is bordered on the north by Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), on the northeast by the South Los Angeles region, on the east by the Gateway Cities, and on the southeast by Long Beach.


title: South Bay (Los Angeles County)

text: The Harbor (I-110), San Diego (I-405), Gardena (SR 91), and Century (I-105) Freeways provide the region with its principal transportation links.


title: South Bay (Los Angeles County)

text: The Los Angeles MTA's A Line (opened in 1990 as the Blue Line) is a light rail line running between Downtown Los Angeles and Downtown Long Beach. It is the first of the MTA's modern rail lines since the 1961 demise of the Pacific Electric Railway's Red Car system. The C Line (opened in 1995 as the Green Line, together with the Glenn Anderson Freeway), a freeway-median light rail line, also serves the South Bay. It runs between Redondo Beach and Norwalk in the median of the Century Freeway (Interstate 105), providing indirect access to LAX via a shuttle bus and future automated people mover. The K Line open from Expo/Crenshaw and Westchester/Verterans but is expected to be fully operational at Aviation/Imperial station in 2023.


title: South Bay (Los Angeles County)

text: Several ports and harbors in the South Bay provide access to Santa Catalina Island, a popular resort. In addition, LAX borders El Segundo to the north in the neighborhood of Westchester, Los Angeles.


title: South Bay (Los Angeles County)

text: The Port of Los Angeles, sprawling across the shorelines of San Pedro and Wilmington, is the busiest in the United States. When combined with the Port of Long Beach, it is the fifth-busiest in the world. Traditionally, most of the populations of Wilmington and San Pedro have worked for the port in some capacity. It is increasingly the primary driver of the Southern California economy: industrial growth in the Inland Empire is almost entirely attributable to increased port traffic since the 1980s. Unfortunately, the massive increase in cargo volume has created significant air pollution (especially of particulate matter resulting from the combustion of low-grade marine diesel fuel) in neighboring communities.


title: South Bay (Los Angeles County)

text: The South Bay is the traditional home of Southern California's aerospace industry. While considerably shrunken from its Cold War peak, it still represents a major economic force, employing thousands in high-skill, high-wage engineering positions and generating enormous amounts of tax revenue. Northrop Grumman has a major facility in El Segundo where the F/A-18 Hornet fuselage is manufactured, as well as the headquarters of the Space Technology division in Redondo Beach and a facility at the Hawthorne Municipal Airport. Howmet Fastening Systems, a subsidiary of Howmet Aerospace which produces aerospace fasteners, has their corporate headquarters located in Torrance with manufacturing facilities in both Torrance and Carson. Boeing and Lockheed Martin also maintain extensive production facilities throughout the South Bay, and Raytheon's Space and Airborne Systems business unit is based in El Segundo. The Los Angeles Air Force Base and neighboring Aerospace Corporation, in El Segundo, is the locus of much of this aerospace research activity, as it is the primary development facility for military satellites and other space programs. DirecTV, a former subsidiary of Hughes Aircraft, is also headquartered in El Segundo for this reason. SpaceX also headquartered in the South Bay, is located in Hawthorne.


title: South Bay (Los Angeles County)

text: Petroleum refining is another important component of the South Bay's economy. Major South Bay refiners include Tesoro (ARCO facility in Carson), Chevron (El Segundo), Phillips 66 (Wilmington), PBF Energy (Torrance), Tesoro (Wilmington), and Valero (Wilmington). These refiners supply a large share of petroleum products for Southern California, as well as for Nevada and Arizona.


title: South Bay (Los Angeles County)

text: Japanese automobile manufacturer Honda maintains its North American headquarters in the South Bay, in the city of Torrance. (Nissan was also headquartered in the South Bay until late 2005, and The company then relocated to Tennessee, citing the high cost of running a business in California. Toyota left in 2017 for Plano, Texas for many of the same reasons.) While these locations are largely the legacy of the region's historical importance as a Japanese-American population center, it has proven fortuitous for two reasons: first, it enables closer oversight of vehicle import operations at the nearby ports; and second, it gives them proximity to the automobile customization culture that is prominent in nearby South Los Angeles. Tesla is stationed near the headquarters of SpaceX in Hawthorne


title: South Bay (Los Angeles County)

text: In addition to the "Los Angeles Times", the South Bay cities are served by their own daily paper, the "Daily Breeze", the weeklies "The Beach Reporter" and "The Easy Reader", a bi-monthly real estate magazine, "South Bay DIGS", and lifestyle publication 'Southbay Magazine'. The National Football League has its West Coast headquarters and production facility for NFL Network, NFL RedZone, and the NFL.com app in Inglewood.


title: South Bay (Los Angeles County)

text: The South Bay has a rich history in music, and has produced a number of significant rock bands, like Hawthorne natives The Beach Boys in the early 1960s, and continuing particularly in punk music. Other notable South Bay-based artists include:


title: South Bay (Los Angeles County)

text: Black Flag guitarist Greg Ginn's SST record label, a seminal alternative rock label of the 1980s, maintained its headquarters in Lawndale.


title: South Bay (Los Angeles County)

text: The South Bay is host to many professional sports teams and entertainment venues. The Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League play at SoFi Stadium in Inglewood. The LA Galaxy of Major League Soccer play their home games at Dignity Health Sports Park in Carson.


title: South Bay (Los Angeles County)

text: The Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association will play in their new stadium, Intuit Dome, in Inglewood beginning 2024.


title: South Bay (Los Angeles County)

text: Various entertainment venues are located in the South Bay, including SoFi Stadium, Kia Forum, and YouTube Theater in Inglewood, Dignity Health Sports Park in Carson, and Toyota Sports Center in El Segundo. Three casinos also operate in the South Bay, the Hollywood Park Casino in Inglewood, and the Normandie Casino and Hustler Casino in Gardena.


title: Comeback Season (mixtape)

text: Comeback Season is the second official mixtape from Canadian rapper Drake. It was released on September 1, 2007.


title: Comeback Season (mixtape)

text: In 2007, "Comeback Season" spawned a single and a music video for "Replacement Girl", featuring Trey Songz, that was executive produced by Terral "T. Slack" of BPE. Also in 2007, Drake became the first unsigned Canadian rapper to have his music video featured on BET when his first single, "Replacement Girl", was featured as the "New Joint of the Day" on April 30, 2007.


title: Cinematic techniques

text: This article contains a list of cinematic techniques that are divided into categories and briefly described.


title: Cinematic techniques

text: Movement can be used extensively by film makers to make meaning. It is how a scene is put together to produce an image. A famous example of this, which uses "dance" extensively to communicate meaning and emotion, is the film, West Side Story.


title: Cinematic techniques

text: Provided in this alphabetised list of film techniques used in motion picture filmmaking. There are a variety of expressions:


title: Cinematic techniques

text: To achieve the results mentioned above, a Lighting Director may use a number or combination of Video Lights. These may include the Redhead or Open-face unit, The Fresnel Light, which gives you a little more control over the spill, or The Dedolight, which provides a more efficient light output and a beam which is easier to control.


title: Cinematic techniques

text: Sound is used extensively in filmmaking to enhance presentation, and is distinguished into diegetic and non-diegetic sound:


title: Cinematic techniques

text: In motion picture and television production, a sound effect is a sound recorded and presented to make a specific storytelling or creative point, without the use of dialogue or music. The term often refers to a process, applied to a recording, without necessarily referring to the recording itself. In professional motion picture and television production, the segregations between recordings of dialogue, music, and sound effects can be quite distinct, and it is important to understand that in such contexts, dialogue, and music recordings are never referred to as sound effects, though the processes applied to them, such as reverberation or flanging, often are. Necessary incidental units of sound, footsteps, keys, a polishing sound, are created in the foley studio.


title: Cinematic techniques

text: New techniques currently being developed in interactive movies, introduce an extra dimension into the experience of viewing movies, by allowing the viewer to change the course of the movie.


title: Cinematic techniques

text: In traditional linear movies, the author can carefully construct the plot, roles, and characters to achieve a specific effect on the audience. Interactivity, however, introduces non-linearity into the movie, such that the author no longer has complete control over the story, but must now share control with the viewer. There is an inevitable trade-off between the desire of the viewer for freedom to experience the movie in different ways, and the desire of the author to employ specialized techniques to control the presentation of the story. Computer technology is required to create the illusion of freedom for the viewer, while providing familiar, as well as, new cinematic techniques to the author.


title: Future World (film)

text: Future World is a 2018 American direct-to-video science fiction action Western film, directed by James Franco and Bruce Thierry Chung, from a screenplay by Chung and Jay Davis. It stars James Franco, Suki Waterhouse, Jeffrey Wahlberg, Margarita Levieva, Snoop Dogg, George Lewis Jr., Method Man, Lucy Liu and Milla Jovovich.


title: Future World (film)

text: Mankind's technological breakthroughs in the development of artificial intelligence and robotics eventually lead to a global war. Afterward, the remnants of humanity struggle to survive in a post-apocalyptic wasteland while the surviving machines remain hidden.


title: Future World (film)

text: In the wasteland, the Warlord (James Franco) raids a settlement that contains a high-tech lab with Ash (Suki Waterhouse), an android girl. The Warlord activates Ash, who opens two different colored eyes (one blue, one green) that light up when she receives commands through a handheld remote control.


title: Future World (film)

text: Elsewhere, in the Oasis (a fertile zone), a young man called the Prince (Jeffrey Wahlberg) sets out on a mission into the wasteland in search of medicine to help his sick mother the Queen (Lucy Liu). His only clue to finding it is a faded postcard of a place called Paradise Beach where the rumored cure can be found.


title: Future World (film)

text: The Prince and his friends who accompany him stop at Love Town, a wasteland settlement that deals in sex slaves and is run by the pimp Big Daddy Love Lord (Snoop Dogg). The group tries to get directions to Paradise Beach, but they attract the attention of the Raiders. The Prince's friend Rico (Ben Youcef) drives off the Raiders with a handgun – a rare and valuable item in the wasteland. Big Daddy approaches with an offer to meet with someone who can help them, but this is a trap set up by the Warlord where Ash captures the Prince and kills his friends. The Warlord then forces the Prince into taking them back to the Oasis, during which Ash (who knows the Warlord will kill everyone) decides to save him.


title: Future World (film)

text: Ash is damaged during the escape, but she and the Prince manage to find shelter before her systems shut down. The next day, the Prince fashions a stretcher and drags Ash's body through the wasteland. He arrives at the ocean, where his hopes are shattered when they are taken prisoner again by another group of wastelanders residing in the ruins of the seaside resort. At the resort, the Prince meets the Drug Lord (Milla Jovovich), who offers him the cure he seeks, but at a cost. She injects him which causes him to hallucinate before becoming unconscious. Ash is taken to Lei (Margarita Levieva), a mechanic and a prisoner of the Drug Lord, who repairs Ash and reactivates her. Afterward, Ash is taken before the Drug Lord who fawns over how valuable she is.


title: Future World (film)

text: The next day, the Drug Lord forces the Prince into a gladiatorial battle with one of her minions. She declares that if he survives, he gets the medicine and goes free. The Prince manages to defeat his opponent and retrieves the drugs, but the Drug Lord says that Ash is staying with her.


title: Future World (film)

text: Later that evening, Lei goes to free Ash who is chained in a cell, but her attempt to saw the chains proves futile. Ash accepts her fate to remain a prisoner. Lei kisses her, but then draws away, thinking it's wrong to take advantage of Ash. However, Ash returns her affection. The next morning, the Drug Lord discovers Ash and Lei together and, in a jealous rage, orders Lei to wipe Ash's memory of the event and reprogram her into a loving companion for herself instead.


title: Future World (film)

text: Outside, the Prince returns and tries to sneak into the resort just as the Warlord arrives and attacks the complex. In a drug-addled fury, the Drug Lord faces off with the Warlord who ends up killing her with the Prince's handgun. During the distraction, the Prince tries to help Lei and Ash escape, but they are all captured. The Warlord tries to retake control of Ash with the remote, ordering her to kill her friends, but Ash kills his men instead. She stabs the Warlord with a machete and escapes with Lei and the Prince on a pair of the Raider's motorbikes. The Warlord gives chase, but Ash stops and kills him in one last stand.


title: Future World (film)

text: The three eventually make it back to Oasis. Ash informs the Prince she is leaving to find others like herself. The Prince returns to the Queen and gives her the medicine as Ash rides off with Lei into the wasteland. In a mid-credits post scene, Ash returns to Love Town and frees the sex slaves, who attack Big Daddy Love Lord as revenge for his treatment of them.


title: Future World (film)

text: In May 2016, it was announced James Franco, Milla Jovovich, Twin Shadow and Margarita Levieva joined the cast of the film, with Franco directing alongside Bruce Thierry Chung, with Dark Rabbit Productions and AMBI Group, financing the film, with Monika Bacardi, Vince Jolivette and Jay Davis producing. That same month, Lucy Liu, Method Man, Suki Waterhouse, Jeffrey Wahlberg and Snoop Dogg joined the cast of the film. Principal photography began in May 2016, and wrapped in June 2016.


title: Future World (film)

text: It was released on May 25, 2018, by Lionsgate Premiere. The film was scheduled to be released through DVD and Blu-ray on July 10, 2018, by Lionsgate Home Entertainment.


title: Future World (film)

text: "Future World" was panned by film critics. It holds a approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on reviews, with an average of . On Metacritic, the film holds a rating of 10 out of 100, based on 4 critics, indicating "overwhelming dislike".


title: Future World (film)

text: Frank Scheck of "The Hollywood Reporter" gave the film a negative review writing: "A low-rent, post-apocalyptic sci-fi tale that doesn't succeed as either homage or parody of such obvious inspirations as the "Mad Max" series, "Future World" proves as original as its title". Ignatiy Vishnevetsky of "The A.V. Club" also gave the film a negative review writing: "Franco and Cheung's unorthodox approach of directing almost the entire film in random, nomadic Steadicam shots with wobbly zooms alienates the simplistic plot".


title: Giemsa stain

text: Giemsa stain (), named after German chemist and bacteriologist Gustav Giemsa, is a nucleic acid stain used in cytogenetics and for the histopathological diagnosis of malaria and other parasites.


title: Giemsa stain

text: It is specific for the phosphate groups of DNA and attaches itself to regions of DNA where there are high amounts of adenine-thymine bonding. Giemsa stain is used in Giemsa banding, commonly called G-banding, to stain chromosomes and often used to create a karyogram (chromosome map). It can identify chromosomal aberrations such as translocations and rearrangements.


title: Giemsa stain

text: It stains the trophozoite "Trichomonas vaginalis", which presents with greenish discharge and motile cells on wet prep.


title: Giemsa stain

text: Giemsa stain is also a differential stain, such as when it is combined with Wright stain to form Wright-Giemsa stain. It can be used to study the adherence of pathogenic bacteria to human cells. It differentially stains human and bacterial cells purple and pink respectively. It can be used for histopathological diagnosis of the "Plasmodium" species that cause malaria and some other spirochete and protozoan blood parasites. It is also used in "Wolbachia" cell stain in "Drosophila melanogaster".


title: Giemsa stain

text: Giemsa stain is a classic blood film stain for peripheral blood smears and bone marrow specimens. Erythrocytes stain pink, platelets show a light pale pink, lymphocyte cytoplasm stains sky blue, monocyte cytoplasm stains pale blue, and leukocyte nuclear chromatin stains magenta. It is also used to visualize the classic "safety pin" shape in "Yersinia pestis".


title: Giemsa stain

text: Giemsa stain is also used to visualize chromosomes. This is particularly relevant for detection of Cytomegalovirus infection, where the classical finding would be an "owl-eye" viral inclusion.


title: Giemsa stain

text: Giemsa stains the fungus "Histoplasma", "Chlamydia" bacteria, and can be used to identify mast cells.


title: Giemsa stain

text: Giemsa's solution is a mixture of methylene blue, eosin, and Azure B. The stain is usually prepared from commercially available Giemsa powder.


title: Giemsa stain

text: A thin film of the specimen on a microscope slide is fixed in pure methanol for 30 seconds, by immersing it or by putting a few drops of methanol on the slide. The slide is immersed in a freshly prepared 5% Giemsa stain solution for 20–30 minutes (in emergencies 5–10 minutes in 10% solution can be used), then flushed with tap water and left to dry.


title: Mogul Mowgli

text: Mogul Mowgli is a 2020 drama film directed by Bassam Tariq, and written by Tariq and Riz Ahmed. It stars Ahmed and features Aiysha Hart, Alyy Khan, Sudha Bhuchar, Nabhaan Rizwan, and Anjana Vasan. It tells the story of a British-Pakistani rapper who is struck down by a disease.


title: Mogul Mowgli

text: Produced by Pulse Films, the film had its world premiere in the Panorama section at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival on February 21, 2020. It was released in the United Kingdom on October 30, 2020, by BFI Distribution, and in the United States on September 3, 2021, by Strand Releasing.


title: Mogul Mowgli

text: Zed is a British-Pakistani rapper who is based in New York. Before his European tour begins, supporting another artist, he returns home to see his family. After collapsing he is taken to hospital and told his muscles have weakened. He experiences bizarre visual and audial hallucinations. He is later diagnosed with a degenerative autoimmune disease.


title: Mogul Mowgli

text: The idea for the film first began in 2017 when Riz Ahmed met Bassam Tariq. The film was tentatively titled "Mughal Mowgli". In March 2019, it was announced Ahmed would star in the film, with Tariq directing from a screenplay by himself and Ahmed. Thomas Benski, Bennett McGhee, Michael Peay and Ahmed would produce the film, under their Pulse Films and Left Handed Films banners, while BBC Films, Cinereach, Vice Media, and RYOT Films would also produce. That same month, Aiysha Hart, Anjana Vasan, Sudha Bhuchar, Alyy Khan, and Nabhaan Rizwan joined the cast of the film. Production began that same month.


title: Mogul Mowgli

text: The film had its world premiere in the Panorama section at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival on February 21, 2020. In August 2020, BFI Distribution acquired U.K. distribution rights to the film. It was released in the United Kingdom on October 30, 2020. In November 2020, it was shown at the Hawai'i International Film Festival as part of the Vilcek Foundation's New American Perspectives program. In December 2020, Strand Releasing acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film. It was released in the United States on September 3, 2021.


title: Mogul Mowgli

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . The site's critics consensus reads: "An ambitious portrait of the complicated nature of identity, the challenging and emotionally raw "Mogul Mowgli" showcases a heartbreaking performance from Riz Ahmed." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 70 out of 100, based on 22 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Mogul Mowgli

text: Stephen Dalton of "The Hollywood Reporter" commented that "Although "Mogul Mowgli" is an admirably ambitious effort overall, a more complex, colorful, daring film seems to be trapped just below the surface." Guy Lodge of "Variety" wrote, "This is gutsy, spiky, imperfect independent filmmaking that finds the formal gusto to complement and buoy its star's aggressive dynamism: Ahmed affirms his standing as one of Britain's most vital, risky actors, even in a role we thought we'd already seen him play."


title: John Gorton

text: Sir John Grey Gorton (9 September 1911 – 19 May 2002) was an Australian politician who served as the nineteenth Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1968 to 1971. He led the Liberal Party during that time, having previously been a long-serving government minister.