title: Lehi, Utah

text: Other Thanksgiving Park tenants are Oracle Corporation, Infusionsoft, Workfront, Vivint Solar, Agel Enterprises, DigiCert, Jolt and ProPay Inc.


title: Lehi, Utah

text: Multi-level marketing companies XanGo, Young Living, Younique, Nature's Sunshine Products also have offices in Lehi.


title: Lehi, Utah

text: Lehi Roller Mills was founded in 1906 by a co-op of farmers. George G. Robinson purchased the mill in 1910, and it has since remained in the Robinson family, currently run by George's grandson, R. Sherman Robinson.


title: Lehi, Utah

text: At the turn of the 21st century, Lehi Roller Mills was among thousands of such family-owned mills operating in the United States. Fewer than fifty remain today. High demand keeps the mill grinding around the clock, six days a week, and the mill produces some 100,000 pounds of flour each day. However, in 2012, the Mills filed for bankruptcy with the intention of continuing to operate during the proceedings.


title: Lehi, Utah

text: Lehi Roller Mills was featured in the 1984 film "Footloose" as Ren McCormack's (Kevin Bacon) workplace and as the site of the dance.


title: Lehi, Utah

text: The turkey and peacock flour paintings of Lehi Roller Mills were painted on the silos about 1930 by Stan Russon of Lehi, Utah. He used a rope and pulley system to manually raise and lower himself to be able to paint.


title: Lehi, Utah

text: At the time the film was made, Lehi Roller Mills was surrounded by nothing but vacant fields. In one scene, the Reverend Shaw Moore (John Lithgow) and his wife Vi Moore (Dianne Wiest) keep a wary eye on the proceedings while standing in a field some distance away. The area is now home to a variety of fast food restaurants and a shopping center.


title: Lehi, Utah

text: Thanksgiving Point is a nonprofit museum complex and estate garden founded in 1995. It consists of six main attractions: the Ashton Gardens, Thanksgiving Point Golf Course, the Museum of Ancient Life, the Museum of Natural Curiosity, Farm Country, and the Butterfly Biosphere. Approximately 1.45 million people visit Thanksgiving Point each year. It is also a location for Megaplex Theaters and has several restaurants and gift shops. It is the site for the region's only Tulip Festival, an annual Scottish Festival, annual Cornbelly's Halloween attraction, and Highland Games.


title: Lehi, Utah

text: The complex is a 501(c)(3) organization with operations funded by private donations, venue and event admissions, and profits from shops and restaurants.


title: Lehi, Utah

text: The Hutchings Museum is a museum located near the center of Lehi. It was first established in 1955 in what is now the Lehi arts building. The museum later moved to 55 N Center St, Lehi, UT, its current location. The collection was donated to Lehi city from John and Eunice Hutchings, who were amateur collectors and naturalists.


title: Lehi, Utah

text: Originally designed to be a memorial for the veterans in WW1 and has continued to expand to become many things: Library, Courthouse, Jail, Police Station, Fire Station, and some others.


title: Lehi, Utah

text: The Hutchings Museum's exhibits include a large range of displays and artifacts from Native American Culture, Rocks and Minerals, Veteran's Memorial, Lehi History, History of the Wild West, and much more.


title: Lehi, Utah

text: Some of the Museum's most notable artifacts are Butch Cassidy's Gun, their large collection of rocks and minerals, and Native American pottery.


title: Lehi, Utah

text: Lehi public schools are part of the Alpine School District. Alpine School District has two high schools (Lehi High School and Skyridge High School), three junior high or middle schools, and ten elementary schools in the city.


title: Lehi, Utah

text: Mountainland Technical College (MTECH) is a public technical training institution located in Lehi. MTECH serves high school and adult students at the Lehi location, offering programs of study in automotive, culinary arts, healthcare, information technology and a growing number of other industry and technical programs. MTECH offers community education programs such as training in basic computer skills and specific software programs and partners with many area employers in providing customized training for their employees through the Custom Fit program.


title: Lehi, Utah

text: I-15 runs through Lehi, with five exits (at American Fork Main St/SR-145, Lehi Main St/SR-73, 2100 North/SR-194, Triumph Blvd, and Timpanogos Highway/SR-92) located in the city. The Utah Transit Authority operates a bus system that reaches into the city. Work on the "FrontRunner" South commuter rail began in August 2008, and the Lehi station opened for service on December 12, 2012. The Lehi station is located near Thanksgiving Point.


title: Lehi, Utah

text: Beginning in the spring of 2018, the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) began major reconstruction of the I-15 between Lehi Main Street and SR-92 (Timpanogos Highway). The project is contracted to be completed by October 2020 and updates can be found online.


title: Hammerspace

text: Hammerspace (also known as malletspace) is a fan-envisioned extradimensional, instantly accessible storage area in fiction, which is used to explain how animated, comic, and game characters can produce objects out of thin air. Typically, when multiple items are available, the desired item is available on the first try or within a handful of tries.


title: Hammerspace

text: This phenomenon dates back to early Warner Bros.' "Looney Tunes"/"Merrie Melodies" and MGM cartoons produced during the Golden Age of American animation. For example, in the 1943 Tex Avery short "What's Buzzin' Buzzard", a starving vulture prepares to cook his friend by pulling an entire kitchen's worth of appliances out of thin air.


title: Hammerspace

text: The phenomenon of a character producing plot-dependent items seemingly out of thin air dates back to the beginning of animated shorts during The Golden Age of American animation. Warner Bros. Cartoon characters are particularly well known for often pulling all sorts of things—hammers, guns, disguises, matches, bombs, anvils, mallets—from behind their backs or just off-screen. However, this phenomenon was mostly just left to suspension of disbelief. Only decades later was the term "hammerspace" jokingly coined to describe the phenomenon.


title: Hammerspace

text: The term itself originates from a gag common in some anime and manga. A typical example would be when a male character would anger or otherwise offend a female character, who would proceed to produce, out of thin air, an over-sized wooden rice mallet ("okine") and hit him on the head with it in an exaggerated manner. The strike would be purely for comic effect, and would not have any long-lasting effects. The term was largely popularized first by fans of "Urusei Yatsura" and later by fans of "Ranma ½". It is believed by some that the term "hammerspace" itself was coined based on the "Ranma ½" character Akane Tendo due to the fan perception that she has a tendency to produce large hammers from nowhere. In the original manga she much more frequently uses her fists and/or objects that were pictured in the nearby scenery. The anime makes more use of hammers as a comedic tool than the manga.


title: Hammerspace

text: Another series that may have contributed to the term is "City Hunter". One of the lead characters in "City Hunter"—Kaori—makes extensive use of the "transdimensional hammers" as they are sometimes called, as they are one of the two main running gags in the series; the other is the extreme lecherousness of the other main character—Ryo—which almost invariably leads to the use of said hammers. The "City Hunter" hammers also require more explaining in terms of storage, as they are often considerably larger than the characters themselves, and thus more likely to inspire questions like, "Where did she get that from!?" At the very least, "City Hunter" predates "Ranma ½" by two years, and already had an extensive fanbase.


title: Hammerspace

text: Another series that made extensive use of hammerspace was "Kodomo no Omocha", where the mother of the main character would pull toy hammers of varying sizes to tap her daughter on the head to forge breaks in her ranting and offer a chance to glean understanding and wisdom. Trope-laden webcomic "Okashina Okashi – Strange Candy" also features hammerspace, this time named directly as such, accessible by the weapons nut Petra.


title: Hammerspace

text: The oldest use of hammerspace in games is probably the bag of holding of the "Dungeons & Dragons" role-playing game, a magical item able to hold far more than normally possible, its contents actually being held in a pocket dimension or part of the Astral Plane. An early computer example of the concept is the 1984 Infocom text adventure "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy," which contained a "Thing your Aunt gave you which you don't know what it is" as a humorous variant of the bag of holding concept (and which proved critical to finishing the game itself).


title: Hammerspace

text: The theory of hammerspace can also be applied to many other video games, as game mechanics often defy those of the real world: for instance, a character might be able to carry a sword larger than themselves without any sign of it before use, and most video game characters can carry an implausible number of tools or other objects. This is particularly visible in traditional adventure games and RPGs, such as "The Legend of Zelda". In "New Super Mario Bros. Wii", the player has endless space to put their items. In many Super Mario games, the Hammer Bros. are capable of throwing an infinite supply of hammers from hammerspace. Early first-person shooter games tend to have the player character carry an entire arsenal of weapons (with full ammunition) without any visible drawback such as loss of pace or fatigue. In the "Grand Theft Auto" game series, players are capable of holding an arsenal of weaponry and multiple items and equipment in hammerspace. This capability has more a significant appearance in "Grand Theft Auto V", where the characters are able to carry multiple pistols, SMGs, LMGs, assault rifles, carbines, shotguns, sniper and marksman rifles, melee weaponry, throwables, rocket and grenade launchers, and a minigun all at once on themselves. In "Fallout," the NPCs and player use hammerspaces where they take weapons out of nowhere.


title: Hammerspace

text: Many comical adventures make gags on space in item inventories. In "Space Quest" series III and VI, protagonist Roger Wilco crams a full-sized ladder into his pocket. In "Simon the Sorcerer", Simon similarly obtains a ladder at one point, which he stores in his hat. In "The Secret of Monkey Island", as a recurring gag, Guybrush Threepwood usually barely fits an oversized item in his clothes, from a six-foot-long cotton swab to a huge figurehead, or even a monkey (which is shown moving underneath his coat). At one point early in "The Curse of Monkey Island", he makes a "yikes" face after sheathing a bread knife down his pants. A similar concept is evident in "Sonic the Hedgehog", most notably with Amy Rose, who actually materializes hammers from hammerspace.


title: Hammerspace

text: In some non-humorous cases, hammerspace may be recognized as a seemingly normal in-universe phenomenon. Characters from the "Kingdom Hearts" series are capable of materializing weapons from thin air and making them disappear again, notably in the case of main character Sora and his Keyblade; though it's implied that they are stored as magic in the wielders' hearts. Similarly, playable characters in "Genshin Impact" are shown to materialize and dissipate their equipped weapons during attack animations; however, this has also been visibly demonstrated in some cutscenes, where characters who were once unarmed are able to suddenly draw out their weapons from thin air before attacking, just as they would in regular gameplay.


title: Hammerspace

text: Although there are numerous examples from the genre, hammerspace usage is not just limited to adventure games. In "The Sims 2","The Sims 3" and "The Sims 4", the Sims make extensive use of hammerspace, regularly pulling items out of their back pockets which could not possibly fit there. Examples include rakes, hairdryers, watering cans and bags of flour.


title: Hammerspace

text: Similarly, in the sandbox game "Minecraft", a player character can carry thousands of tonnes of material such as gold in the character's inventory without encumbrance, as if an empty inventory were the same as a full one. In reality, even one block of most materials in Minecraft would weigh hundreds or thousands of kilograms, and the player can carry up to 2304 blocks in their inventory. Since some blocks can be converted into multiple blocks of another type, it is possible to carry enough material to build an entire city in one's inventory invisibly.


title: Hammerspace

text: Hammerspace is also used frequently in fighting games. In the "Super Smash Bros." games, Princess Peach is said to pull a Toad out of hammerspace for a blocking move. In the "Punch-Out!!" series many characters can pull out objects from hammerspace.


title: Molly Price

text: Molly Evan Price is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Faith Yokas in the NBC drama series "Third Watch" (1999–2005). Price has also appeared in recurring and guest-starring roles in many other television dramas and co-starred in a number of films, including "Sweet and Lowdown" (1999), "Chasing Sleep" (2000), and "Not Fade Away" (2012).


title: Molly Price

text: Price was born in North Plainfield, New Jersey and graduated from North Plainfield High School in 1984. She is a graduate of Rutgers University.


title: Molly Price

text: Price made her television debut appearing in a 1991 episode of the NBC drama "Law & Order". She later had three more guest roles in "Law & Order", playing different characters.


title: Molly Price

text: From 1995 to 1996, she was a regular cast member in the short-lived CBS sitcom "Bless This House", starring Andrew Dice Clay and Cathy Moriarty. In film, she had supporting roles in "Jersey Girl" (1992) starring Jami Gertz and Dylan McDermott , "Kiss Me, Guido" (1997), "Pushing Tin" (1999), Woody Allen"s "Sweet and Lowdown" (1999), "Random Hearts" (1999), and "Chasing Sleep" (2000) opposite Jeff Daniels.


title: Molly Price

text: In 1999, Price was cast as Police Officer (and later, Detective) Faith Yokas in the NBC crime drama series "Third Watch", which she starred in from 1999 to 2005. Her husband was a recurring guest star on "Third Watch" as an FDNY firefighter, and she described her experiences as a firefighter's wife during the show's special 9/11 episode, entitled "In Their Own Words." She also appeared in two episodes of "Sex and the City" as Carrie Bradshaw's friend Susan Sharon, in 1999 and 2002, and reprised the role in an episode of the reboot "And Just Like That...", in 2021. After "Third Watch", Price starred in NBC's short-lived 2007 reboot of the 1970s series "Bionic Woman", playing Ruth Treadwell.


title: Molly Price

text: Price has appeared in a number of television dramas playing guest starring roles, including "Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip", "Without a Trace" as agent Samantha Spade's sister, "ER", "The Mentalist", "Private Practice", "Nip/Tuck", "Body of Proof", "Person of Interest", "Shameless", "Elementary", "The Good Wife", and "". From 2014 to 2015, Price had a recurring role in the Cinemax drama series "The Knick", as Effie Barrow. In 2015, she co-starred in the short-lived Showtime comedy-drama "Happyish". In film, Price played Uma Thurman's mother in "The Life Before Her Eyes" (2007) as well as co-starred in "What Goes Up" (2009), "How Do You Know" (2010), "The Good Doctor" (2011), and "Not Fade Away" (2012). In 2017, she appeared in the FX drama "Feud" as Robert Aldrich’s wife Harriet Foster. In 2017, she played the criminal defense attorney of Eric O'Bannon (Jamie McShane) in season 3 of the Netflix Original drama series, "Bloodline".


title: Blue Planet II

text: Blue Planet II is a 2017 British nature documentary series on marine life produced by the BBC Natural History Unit. Like its predecessor, "The Blue Planet" (2001), it is narrated and presented by naturalist Sir David Attenborough.


title: Blue Planet II

text: After being announced in 2013, filming took four years in 39 countries over more than 125 international trips. The musical score was composed by Hans Zimmer, Jacob Shea and David Fleming, and English rock band Radiohead reworked their 2011 song "Bloom" with Zimmer specifically for the series.


title: Blue Planet II

text: The series debuted on 29 October 2017 and was simultaneously cast on BBC One, BBC One HD and BBC Earth, making it the first natural history series to premiere on the same day in the United Kingdom, Nordic regions, Europe and in Asia. In the United States, the series premiered on January 20, 2018, as part of a five-network simulcast on BBC America, AMC, IFC, Sundance, and WE tv.


title: Blue Planet II

text: The series received almost universal critical acclaim. It had the highest viewing figures of any television programme in the United Kingdom during 2017, and was so widely watched in China that it reportedly caused internet issues. It was credited with increasing public and political interest in issues affecting marine life, in particular marine plastic pollution, which was dubbed "the "Blue Planet" effect".


title: Blue Planet II

text: The series was announced by the BBC in 2013 with the working title "Oceans", but the title was later changed to "Blue Planet II" as was revealed on 19 February 2017, making it a follow-up to the 2001 series "The Blue Planet". Filming took place over a course of more than four years; involving 125 expeditions across 39 countries and produced more than 6,000 hours of underwater dive footage from over an estimated 4,000 dives.


title: Blue Planet II

text: The premiere of the series took place at Bristol's Cinema de Lux on 11 October 2017, with special guest appearance by Attenborough along with the producers and wildlife experts. Bristol has been the global home of BBC's Natural History programme making for the past 60 years. The series was first broadcast on 29 October 2017 (from 20:00 GMT to 21:00 GMT) on BBC One and BBC One HD. The first six episodes included a 10-minute making-of documentary called "Into the Blue". The previous week's episode was repeated in an earlier time slot the following Sunday. The series was critically acclaimed and gained the highest UK viewing figure for 2017, 14.1 million.


title: Blue Planet II

text: The BBC pre-sold the series to several overseas broadcasters, which includes Canada (Blue Ant Media’s licensed channel for BBC Earth), Australia (Channel Nine) and New Zealand (TVNZ), to Europe with Denmark (DR), Netherlands (NPO), Sweden (SVT), Spain (Telefonica’s BBC Earth block), Discovery Channel for Latin America and co-production partnerships with BBC America, Germany's WDR, France Télévisions, China's Tencent and CCTV-9. The series was eventually sold to more than 30 countries.


title: Blue Planet II

text: The series is set to broadcast internationally on BBC Earth channel, and also commercial television channels in various countries, besides. The series debuted in Nordic regions and other European countries on 29 October 2017. In Asia, the series began to premiere on each early Monday (from 04:05 SGT to 05:05 SGT) starting from 30 October 2017, the episode was then repeated on following each Tuesday evening (from 20:00 SGT). In Poland, it premiered on 16 November 2017. As for South Africa, it aired from 4 February 2018.


title: Blue Planet II

text: In China, the premiere took place at Shanghai's East China Normal University on 27 October 2017, with guest appearance by the producer Orla Doherty and Mike Gunton, the executive producer of Planet Earth II. The series is streaming broadcast at Tencent's QQLive from 30 October 2017, with episodes updating every Monday at 18:00 CST. It would also be broadcast on the state owned China Central Television’s documentary channel, CCTV-9, with episodes airing each Monday from 6 November 2017 at 21:00 CST.


title: Blue Planet II

text: In the Netherlands, the series is airing on the Dutch channel NPO 1, with episodes airing each Thursday from 28 December 2017. In Belgium, it will air on the Flemish channel Canvas, with episodes airing each Saturday starting from 2 January 2018.


title: Blue Planet II

text: The series aired in Canada and the United States on 20 January 2018. In Canada, it will broadcast with a three-network simulcast across BBC Earth, Cottage Life and T+E channel. In the United States, the series premiered the first episode – with a five-network simulcast across BBC America, AMC, IFC, WE tv and Sundance TV, while the remaining episodes continued to be aired every Saturday on BBC America. It is also available on BBCAmerica.com and the BBCA app.


title: Blue Planet II

text: As for Australia, the series will premiere on Nine Network and 9Now on 17 February 2018. In New Zealand, it premiered on 12 November 2017 on TVNZ 1.


title: Blue Planet II

text: In Greece, all the seven original episodes were broadcast from 12 April 2020 until 18 April 2020 at 10.30pm on the free-to-air television network Skai TV.


title: Blue Planet II

text: In September 2017, the BBC announced that the English rock band Radiohead had collaborated with composer Hans Zimmer to record a new version of "Bloom", a song from their 2011 album "The King of Limbs". The new track, "(ocean) bloom", was recorded alongside the BBC Concert Orchestra. In a press release, Radiohead singer Thom Yorke said: "'Bloom' was inspired by the original "Blue Planet" series so it's great to be able to come full circle with the song." Zimmer and Radiohead worked with the orchestra in an attempt to emulate a 'tidal effect' in the music. The song was used as the soundtrack for a "Blue Planet II" prequel video released by the BBC to promote the series.


title: Blue Planet II

text: Composer Hans Zimmer returned to score the series. The musical score and songs featured in the series were composed by Hans Zimmer, Jacob Shea and David Fleming for Bleeding Fingers Music. A digital soundtrack was released on 29 October 2017, while a single physical disc was released on 1 December 2017 in the UK.


title: Blue Planet II

text: In a positive review, Ed Yong of "The Atlantic" called "Blue Planet II" "the greatest nature series that the BBC has ever produced".


title: Blue Planet II

text: "The Guardian" columnist George Monbiot criticised the series for mostly omitting the impact of the fishing industry on the oceans: "It's as if you were to make a film about climate breakdown without revealing the role of fossil fuel companies". Monbiot stated that the film's only mention of the fishing industry was a story "about how kind Norwegian herring boats are to orcas".


title: Blue Planet II

text: The programme has been credited with raising awareness of plastic pollution both domestically and internationally, an influence dubbed the 'Blue Planet effect'.


title: Blue Planet II

text: After the first episode aired in the UK, there was a surge in search engine enquiries about conservation charities, with the Marine Conservation Society, WWF and Plastic Oceans Foundation all receiving a significant spike in traffic. Following the programme's airing in the UK, the BBC announced its intention to completely ban single-use plastics within its organisation by 2020. In April 2018, in response to growing public support directly linked to "Blue Planet II", the British government announced it is considering a national ban on single-use plastic products. It was also reported that Queen Elizabeth II's decision to ban plastic bottles and straws across the Royal estates was in part a response to the documentary. A 2020 study suggested that the programme triggered long-lasting increased political, media and public interest in plastic pollution in the UK, where previous efforts to do so had not been successful. Another study found that watching the single documentary did not influence participants to change their individual plastic consumption behaviour, even if they were made more aware of the issue or if it had a wider societal impact.


title: Blue Planet II

text: British universities such as the University of Southampton noticed a sudden increase in applications for marine biology courses following the programme's airing, which was again attributed to the 'Blue Planet effect'.


title: Blue Planet II

text: It was reported that the number of people in China simultaneously streaming "Blue Planet II" (approximately 80 million) had a noticeable impact upon internet speeds within the country. The popularity of the documentary in China was cited as partly the reason British prime minister Theresa May gave Chinese president Xi Jinping a "Blue Planet II" box set signed by David Attenborough. It was also symbolic of a joint plan to tackle plastic pollution and the illegal wildlife trade, announced by British officials during Xi's 2018 visit.


title: Blue Planet II

text: The series was released as a three-disc DVD set as well as a standard Blu-ray set on 27 November 2017, and as a six-disc 4K UHD Blu-ray + Blu-ray set on 15 January 2018. It is distributed by BBC Worldwide in the UK.


title: Blue Planet II

text: In the US and Canada, the DVD, Blu-ray and 4K UHD Blu-ray sets were released on 6 March 2018 and distributed by BBC Worldwide Americas.


title: Blue Planet II

text: An accompanying hardback book was written by James Honeyborne and Mark Brownlow, with foreword by David Attenborough. It was published by BBC Books (). The book was released on 19 October 2017 in the UK and on 1 January 2018 in the US.


title: Mancow Muller

text: Matthew Erich "Mancow" Muller (born June 21, 1966) is an American radio and television personality, actor, and former child model. Considered a shock jock, his career has been well known for controversy and clashes with the Federal Communications Commission. He is best known for "Mancow's Morning Madhouse", a Chicago-based syndicated radio show, and "The Mancow Radio Experience," which have been nationally distributed by Talk Radio Network. Muller also co-starred with his brother, Mark, in the reality TV series "God, Guns & Automobiles", which aired on History Channel. He was the host of the morning show on WLUP-FM/97.9, before he was let go on March 6, 2018 upon WLUP-FM/97.9 being sold.


title: Mancow Muller

text: Erich Muller, as he was commonly known, was born to parents John and Dawn Muller and raised in the Kansas City, Missouri area with older brothers Johnny and Mark. He expressed an interest in radio and the entertainment industry as a whole from an early age. As a child he would listen to old reel-to-reel tapes of classic radio shows like "The Shadow" and "The Stan Freberg Show" with his father. Erich Muller worked as a model and child actor, appearing in regional print and television commercials as well as Kansas City theater productions. Among his print modeling work were ads for Lee jeans and Wal-Mart.


title: Mancow Muller

text: As a youth he appeared in over 100 stage performances, with one notable long-running role being that of Billy Ray Jr. in the play "On Golden Pond". During one performance of the play, famous actor Henry Fonda was in the audience, and would later go on to play the lead character Norman in the film version. Erich Muller attended multiple schools in the Kansas City area, including Blue Ridge Christian School. In his book "Dad, Dames, Demons, and a Dwarf: My Trip Down Freedom Road", he recounts an incident in fifth grade where, in an act of corporal punishment, he was severely beaten with a board by the school principal, an event that changed his outlook on organized religion. Muller transferred to the suburban Harrisonville school district, where he graduated high school.


title: Mancow Muller

text: Following high school, Muller attended college at Central Missouri State University (now University of Central Missouri) in Warrensburg, not far from the Kansas City metropolitan area. At CMSU he continued to work in theater, and it was his role as a half-man, half-beast in one production that gave rise to his nickname "Mancow". Muller earned double degrees from the university in Public Relations and Theatre in 1990. To earn money while in school, he operated his own mobile DJ business, providing music for school dances, weddings, and class reunions, a job he later said he hated. It was also while in college he took his first tentative steps into broadcasting.


title: Mancow Muller

text: Muller's radio career began while he was in college. He got a job at KOKO in Warrensburg as a late night control board operator, playing local commercials during satellite broadcasts of "The Larry King Show." His role at the station gradually expanded until he got his own afternoon show. Among Muller's fans was the general manager of KLSI-FM, Kansas City, who offered him a full-time job as head of station promotions. Muller accepted the position, plus a weekend air shift, while completing his final semester at Central Missouri State. After graduating in 1990, Muller was hired as the morning drive air talent at Kansas City's KBEQ-FM, Q-104, where the "Holy Moley & Maxx Show" quickly rose to #1 in the ratings and helped Q-104 dominate the market.


title: Mancow Muller

text: After his early hometown success, Muller left Kansas City for a brief stint at KDON-FM in Salinas, California. Then he headed north to San Francisco and KYLD-FM, "Wild 107". Now going by his old college nickname Mancow, in 1993 Muller made national headlines with a publicity stunt that caused a major traffic problem for San Francisco. Reacting to a subsequently debunked story that President Bill Clinton had tied up air traffic at Los Angeles International Airport for over an hour while getting a haircut from celebrity hairstylist Cristophe aboard Air Force One, Muller staged a parody of the incident on the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge during rush hour. He used vans to block the westbound lanes on the bridge while his then-sidekick, Jesus "Chuy" Gomez, received a haircut. As a result of the publicity stunt, Muller was charged with creating a public nuisance. After entering a no contest plea, his sentence included three years probation, a $500 fine and 100 hours of community service. The radio station settled a civil suit by paying $1.5 million, including $500,000 to cover three toll-free days on the bridge.


title: Mancow Muller

text: Muller accepted a job offer by Evergreen Media President Jim de Castro at more than double his salary to move to Chicago and work at "Rock 103.5" (WRCX). Muller's radio show, "Mancow's Morning Madhouse", debuted in July 1994.


title: Mancow Muller

text: Originally, Muller broadcast from WRCX-FM (Rock 103.5) studios in the John Hancock Center and in 1998, moved to the city's alternative rock station, WKQX-FM (Q-101) 101.1, where the show was broadcast from the Merchandise Mart for eight more years.


title: Mancow Muller

text: Within two Arbitron ratings periods Muller took the station's 19th-ranked morning show to 5th-ranked among all teens and adults, and first among 18- to 34-year-olds. During his run on Q101, Mancow had a much publicized feud with fellow "shock-jock" Howard Stern. He also had close on and off air relationships with "Crazy Howard" McGee of WGCI-FM and Mike North of WSCR. McGee and Mancow's shows ran at the same time but catered to different demographics (WGCI is an R&B and hip hop station). In 2000, Mancow pulled an April Fool's day prank on McGee by switching his transmitter with that of WGCI, causing McGee to unknowingly broadcast on Q101's frequency while Mancow introduced himself as the "White Czar" and taunted McGee on his own station. This caused a barrage of calls from listeners in McGee's defense. McGee was confused as he took many of the calls, but did not realize for over an hour that he was the butt of a joke. After realizing the prank, McGee played along for the remainder of the segment.


title: Mancow Muller

text: Muller's "Mancow's Morning Madhouse" ended its live run on Emmis' Alternative outlet in Spring 2006, and had the highest rated audience in Chicago with men ages 25 to 54 (among English speaking stations). According to the Arbitron radio ratings service, Mancow's show, measured in Average Quarter Hour listening percentages (AQH) had a 5.7 share. The next closest station was all-news WBBM with a 5.3 share.


title: Mancow Muller

text: In his target demographic, men between the ages of 18 and 34 years, Mancow AQH was an 11.8 share of the audience in that age group, the highest share of any other Anglophonic station in Chicago.


title: Mancow Muller

text: His show, however, was not without controversy. In 1999, Janet Dahl, the wife of Chicago talk radio host Steve Dahl, filed a multimillion-dollar lawsuit against Muller over lewd comments Muller made about her on his show. In 2001, the case was settled out of court. Although the terms of the deal were not disclosed, it reportedly reached seven figures.


title: Mancow Muller

text: Between 1999 and 2004, David Edward Smith's Citizens for Community Values filed 66 indecency complaints with the FCC relating to Muller's program, leading to 6 citations and $42,000 in fines. In 2004 Muller sued Smith for harassment and business interference, but later dropped the lawsuit. Emmis Communications entered into a 2004 consent decree with the FCC, agreeing to make a $300,000 "voluntary payment" to resolve the complaints; in 2006 (after Muller had ended his WKQX show), the FCC rejected Smith's challenge to this settlement.


title: Mancow Muller

text: For a full week leading up to Limp Bizkit's Summer Sanitarium 2003 concert in Chicago, Muller continually mocked the band's vocalist Fred Durst on his radio show and invited listeners to attend the concert with anti-Durst placards. When Muller's fans complied by showing up with the placards, openly taunting the singer, booing him and pelting him with refuse, Durst erupted into a profanity-laced homophobic tirade and left the stage only 17 minutes into the show. Durst was eventually sued for breach of contract (for not completing the show) by Chicago lawyer Michael Young in a class-action suit.


title: Mancow Muller

text: On October 22, 2008, WLS in Chicago announced that Muller, along with Pat Cassidy, would join that station as a weekday radio talk show host, in the 9 am to 11 am time slot, beginning on October 27, 2008. Muller continued to host his nationally syndicated morning radio program. Just four months after the debut of Mancow and Cassidy, Arbitron ratings had the show at No. 1 in the 12+ audience, and nearly doubling Chicago competitors in the male demographic as of February 2009. Despite the ratings, Muller was fired from his job on news and conservative talk station WLS after only 16 months. Muller then hosted a Sunday night show on WABC-AM from September 2010 until October 2011, when he was let go following Cumulus Media's acquisition of WABC parent Citadel Broadcasting.


title: Mancow Muller

text: On October 22, 2012, Muller began his new show, simply titled "Mancow", on WPWR-TV, a live broadcast of his radio show "The Mancow Experience", with co-host Teresa Cesario. In February 2013, a program called "The Mancow Mashup" began airing on the network, which was a half-hour program that showed highlights from the previous morning's Television show. The show's last airing was October 7, 2014. On October 9, 2014, roughly a year from when the show began airing, Muller's WPWR-TV simulcast of his radio show was confirmed cancelled after the show's contract expired, along with "The Mancow Mashup". Muller confirmed that for the first time since 1985, he will be taking a break from both TV and radio. However, Muller mentioned the possibility of other ventures, including a potential movie review show.


title: Mancow Muller

text: Muller returned to the radio on Chicago's WLUP-FM radio station in February 2015 after winning a week-long audition for the station's 610am weekday show. Muller's show on WLUP ended on 6 March 2018 when it was announced that WLUP had been sold to Christian radio broadcaster Educational Media Foundation.


title: Mancow Muller

text: On January 3, 2019 Muller returned to WLS in Chicago after nine months off the air. Muller said his new show will focus more on news, entertainment and politics compared to his time on The Loop.


title: Mancow Muller

text: Ray Hofstatter, aka "Cowboy Ray", was a mentally challenged frequent caller and guest on "Mancow's Morning Madhouse". On November 20 2005, Hofstatter was struck by a car in a hit-and-run accident and critically injured. Hofstatter died shortly after his life support was terminated on January 11 2006. He was 45. Muller offered a $13,000 reward for information leading to the arrest of the driver, but was unsuccessful. The hit-and-run case of Cowboy Ray was featured on the February 26 2006 episode of Fox's "America's Most Wanted". As of , the driver responsible has not been identified.


title: Mancow Muller

text: Mancow was an outspoken supporter of George W. Bush during the 2000 presidential election, asking people on the street whether they "liked [George W.] Bush or liked Dick [Cheney]." On December 6, 2005, Muller made an appearance on Fox News Channel's "Fox & Friends" where he referred to Democratic National Committee chairman Howard Dean as "vile", "bloodthirsty" and "evil". Muller also commented on Dean's negative opinions on the War in Iraq, calling Dean a traitor who "ought to be kicked out of America" and "tried for treason".


title: Mancow Muller

text: On May 22, 2009, Muller had himself waterboarded during his radio program on WLS, having lost a listener poll determining whether he or co-host Pat Cassidy would be the one waterboarded. The talk show host had previously claimed that calling waterboarding "torture" was wrong, something he had stated that he hoped his reenactment would prove. Lasting only 6 seconds ("8 seconds less than the average person", according to program guest Marine Sergeant Klay South, who was the one to administer the waterboarding), Mancow afterward changed his opinion, saying, "It is way worse than I thought it would be, and that's no joke", and described waterboarding as "absolutely torture".


title: Mancow Muller

text: Questions were later raised about the validity of the procedure. South had no formal training in waterboarding and had never before performed the procedure, leading the online celebrity and gossip site Gawker to accuse Muller of faking the whole thing. Muller later stated in an interview on "Countdown with Keith Olbermann", "I admit it, it was a stupid radio stunt. But waterboarding, all it is, is water in your nose and mouth with your head back." Further adding "We went into this thinking it was going to be a joke. But it was not a joke – it was horrible. 'Hoax' is probably not the right word, but we did think it was going to be a joke."


title: Mancow Muller

text: Muller married Sandy Ferrando, a former publicist, on February 14, 2003. He has twin daughters named Ava Grace and Isabella Sofia. His father, a former traveling salesman, died of cancer at the age of sixty-two. The event deeply affected Muller and in part prompted him to write his first book, "Dad, Dames, Demons and a Dwarf".


title: Mancow Muller

text: Mancow Muller attended Harvest Bible Chapel from 2014 to 2019 and was a personal friend of pastor James MacDonald since 2016.


title: Mancow Muller

text: In November 2018 Muller travelled to Israel with MacDonald where he baptized him in the Jordan River. Less than two months later in January 2019 and less than three weeks after starting his new radio show on WLS-Chicago, Mancow began calling MacDonald a con artist on his show and on social media sites, and asking him to resign or be removed as pastor.


title: Mancow Muller

text: Mancow has consistently criticized and accused MacDonald of crimes since January 2019, including murder-for-hire in May, 2019.


title: Katara Hospitality

text: Katara Hospitality, formerly known as Qatar National Hotels Company, is the largest hotel owner, developer and operator in Qatar. It is government-owned. As of 2016, the company owns properties in Qatar, Egypt, Morocco, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Singapore, the Netherlands, the United States, Switzerland, Spain and Thailand. The company has a portfolio of 40 hotels in mid-2019.


title: Katara Hospitality

text: The company was originally formed in 1970 as Qatar National Hotels Limited (QNH). In 1973, Marriott Hotel, then known as Gulf Hotel and owned by QNH, became the country's five-star hotel. In 1993, this company was replaced by Qatar National Hotels Company. In 2012, it was rebranded under its current form, Katara Hospitality. 'Katara' derives its name from the common spelling used for 'Qatar' by ancient cartographers.


title: Katara Hospitality

text: World Travel Awards named Katara Hospitality as the "World's Leading Hospitality Company" in 2013, 2014 and 2015.


title: Katara Hospitality

text: Several Qatar-based hotels are owned by the company, and there are many projects currently in construction. Hotels operating in Qatar include Al Messila, a Luxury Collection Resort & Spa, Doha, Mövenpick Hotel Doha, Sealine Beach, a Murwab Resort, Sharq Village & Spa, Sheraton Grand Doha Resort & Convention Hotel, Simaisma, a Murwab Resort, Somerset West Bay Doha, The Avenue, a Murwab Hotel and The Ritz-Carlton, Doha.


title: Katara Hospitality

text: Katara Hospitality opened Sheraton Doha Resort & Convention Hotel in 1982. In a partnership with the premier Spanish football division, La Liga, Katara Hospitality launched the first-ever "La Liga lounge" at the Sheraton Resort in Doha in March 2017.


title: Katara Hospitality

text: In 2012, Katara had a portfolio of 24 hotels. By mid-2017, the company had increased its portfolio to 40 hotels.


title: Katara Hospitality

text: Katara Hospitality's first international investment came in 2006, under its previous identity, Qatar National Hotels Company (QNH). That year, it acquired Egypt's Renaissance Sharm El Sheikh Resort.


title: Katara Hospitality

text: In April 2010, QNH signed a deal with the Comoran government to build a $70 million hotel resort in Comoros. The deal came after a donors conference geared towards Comoros was hosted by Qatar in March 2010.


title: Katara Hospitality

text: Morocco and the QNH signed a $55 million deal in November 2011 to refurbish the Tazi Palace, located in Tangier.


title: Katara Hospitality

text: In Gambia, the company signed a deal with the Gambian government in October 2012 to build a $200 million resort next to Banjul, the capital.


title: Katara Hospitality

text: The Excelsior Hotel Gallia in Milan, Italy was acquired by the company in 2015. It is part of The Luxury Collection. In addition it runs the Westin Excelsior Rome.


title: Katara Hospitality

text: Katara Hospitality has invested in several properties in Paris. Hotels it owns include The Peninsula Paris and the Royal Monceau Raffles Paris.


title: Katara Hospitality

text: In Switzerland, the company has invested $1 billion into renovating the Bürgenstock Resort Lake Lucerne, which it owns.


title: Katara Hospitality

text: Katara Hospitality acquired full ownership of New York City's Plaza Hotel in July 2018 after buying the hotel's ownership stakes from Sahara India Pariwar, and from Ben Ashkenazy and Al-Waleed bin Talal.


title: Faye Dunaway filmography

text: Faye Dunaway is an American actress who appeared in over seventy films, thirty television shows, thirteen plays and two music videos. Regarded as one of the greatest actresses of her generation, she was one of the leading actresses during the golden age of New Hollywood. After her film debut "The Happening", she starred in the gangster film "Bonnie and Clyde", in which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She starred with Steve McQueen in "The Thomas Crown Affair" (1968) . In 1969, she co-starred with Kirk Douglas in Elia Kazan's drama "The Arrangement". The following year, she starred with Dustin Hoffman in "Little Big Man". In 1970, her performance in Jerry Schatzberg's experimental drama "Puzzle of a Downfall Child" earned her a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama. She portrayed Milady de Winter in Richard Lester's "The Three Musketeers" (1973) and "The Four Musketeers" (1974).


title: Faye Dunaway filmography

text: In 1974, Dunaway starred in Roman Polanski's crime film "Chinatown", in which she was nominated for the Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a BAFTA for her performance. That same year, she appeared in the all-star disaster epic "The Towering Inferno". In 1975, her role in Sydney Pollack's political thriller "Three Days of the Condor" earned her a fourth Golden Globe nomination. Dunaway received the Academy Award for Best Actress and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama for her performance in Sidney Lumet's satire "Network" (1976). She then starred in the thriller "Eyes of Laura Mars" (1978) and the drama "The Champ" (1979). Her controversial portrayal of Joan Crawford in the 1981 film "Mommie Dearest" became one of her most famous roles, but she later blamed the film for hurting her career.


title: Faye Dunaway filmography

text: She won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film for her work in the miniseries "Ellis Island" (1985) and received critical acclaim for her performance in Barbet Schroeder's drama "Barfly" (1987), opposite Mickey Rourke. Her role in a 1993 episode of "Columbo" earned her a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series. She co-starred with Johnny Depp twice, in the surrealist comedy-drama "Arizona Dream" (1993) and the romantic comedy "Don Juan DeMarco" (1995). Her portrayal of Wilhelmina Cooper in the drama "Gia" (1998) with Angelina Jolie earned her a third Golden Globe Award, for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television. Dunaway also appeared in the James Gray-directed crime film "The Yards" (2000) and Roger Avary's satirical black comedy "The Rules of Attraction" (2002).


title: Faye Dunaway filmography

text: Dunaway started her acting career on Broadway and appeared in several plays throughout her career, including "A Man for All Seasons" (1961–63), "After the Fall" (1964), "Hogan's Goat" (1965–67) and "A Streetcar Named Desire" (1973). She was awarded the Sarah Siddons Award for her portrayal of opera singer Maria Callas in "Master Class" (1996). Dunaway also appeared in two music videos, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers' "Into the Great Wide Open" in 1991 and Hill Zaini's "I Heard" in 2010.


title: Joe Adler

text: Joe Adler (born March 29, 1993) is an American actor. He is best known for playing the role of Zart in "The Maze Runner" and Jason Wylie in "The Mentalist".


title: 616 (number)

text: While 666 is called the "number of the beast" in most manuscripts of Revelation , a fragment of the earliest papyrus 115 gives the number as 616.


title: 616 (number)

text: 616 is a member of the Padovan sequence, coming after 265, 351, 465 (it is the sum of the first two of these). 616 is a polygonal number in four different ways: it is a heptagonal number, as well as 13-, 31- and 104-gonal.


title: 616 (number)

text: It is also the sum of the squares of the factorials of 2,3,4. i.e. (2!)² + (3!)² + (4!)² = 4+36+576=616.


title: 616 (number)

text: 666 is generally believed to have been the original Number of the Beast in the Book of Revelation in the Christian Bible. In 2005, however, a fragment of papyrus 115 was revealed, containing the earliest known version of that part of the Book of Revelation discussing the Number of the Beast. It gave the number as 616, suggesting that this may have been the original. One possible explanation for the two different numbers is that they reflect two different spellings of Emperor Nero/Neron's name, for which (according to this theory) this number is believed to be a code.


title: R. S. Shivaji

text: R. S. Shivaji (born 26 October 1956) is an Indian actor, who is known for his work in Tamil films. He has often collaborated in films involving Kamal Haasan and Raaj Kamal Films International, working as an assistant director, sound designer and line producer on film projects.


title: R. S. Shivaji

text: R. S. Shivaji is the son of actor and producer M.R. Santhanam, who worked on films including Ellis R. Dungan's "Meera" (1945). His brother Santhana Bharathi is also a popular actor and film director, who has worked in Tamil cinema (Kollywood).


title: R. S. Shivaji

text: As an actor, R.S.Shivaji has primarily played comedy roles and regularly featured in Kamal Haasan's films in the 1980s and 1990s. His "Saar! Neenga Engeyo Poiteenga, sir" dialogue from "Apoorva Sagodharargal" (1989) directed at Janagaraj has been regularly parodied in later Tamil movies. He played important roles in "Kolamavu Kokila" and "Dharala Prabhu" as Nayanthara's father and Vivek's assistant, respectively.


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: The shrew – an unpleasant, ill-tempered woman characterised by scolding, nagging, and aggression – is a comedic, stock character in literature and folklore, both Western and Eastern. The theme is illustrated in Shakespeare's play "The Taming of the Shrew".


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: As a reference to actual women, rather than the stock character, "shrew" is considered old-fashioned, and the synonym "scold" (as a noun) is archaic. The term "shrew" is still used to describe the stock character in fiction and folk storytelling. None of these terms are usually applied to males in Modern English.


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: This stereotype or cliché was common in early- to mid-20th-century films, and retains some present-day currency, often shifted somewhat toward the virtues of the stock female character of the heroic virago.


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: Folklorist Jan Harold Brunvand collected over 400 literary and oral version of shrew stories in 30 cultural groups in Europe in the middle 20th century.


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: Being a "common scold" was once a petty criminal offense in the early-modern law of England and Wales and of colonial New England, during the 16th through 18th centuries. Punishments varied by region, but were usually meant to humiliate the guilty party. They included the imposition of the ducking stool, pillory, jougs, a shrew's fiddle, or a scold's bridle. "Scold" or "shrew" was a term which could be applied with different degrees of reprobation, and one early modern proverb allowed that "a shrew profitable may serve a man reasonable".


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: A common central theme of such literature and folktales is the often forceful "taming" of shrewish wives by their husbands. Arising in folklore, in which community story-telling can have functions of moral censorship or suasion, it has served to affirm traditional values and moral authority regarding polarised gender roles, and to address social unease about female behavior in marriage.


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: This basic plot structure typically involves a series of recurring motifs: A man, often young and penniless, marries a woman with shrewish or other negative qualities (laziness, etc.), for her dowry or other reasons unrelated to love, despite another trying to talk him out of it. She may have a more docile but unavailable younger sister, for contrast, and/or an even more shrewish mother.


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: The taming process begins immediately after the marriage, and does not last long, sometimes only the wedding night itself. It involves denial of intimacy by the husband to the bride, and often also has several other features, including coercion (e.g., by violence, sleep deprivation, and/or starvation) to induce submission, and psychological manipulation (e.g. animal abuse, usually targeting cats, in front of the wife). Capitulation by the "shrew" happens suddenly, she transforms into a "model" wife, and the couple live happily ever after.


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: A variant suggests that the taming must be done early: The one who had tried to talk the young man out of the marriage (often the bride's own father) sees that it worked on the bride, and tries it on his own wife unsuccessfully because she already knows he is meek. Many of these elements, including denial of food (through trickery) and psychological manipulation (without animal abuse), were reused by William Shakespeare in his play "The Taming of the Shrew", which closes with the reformed shrew giving a monologue on why wives should always obey their husbands.


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: This overall plot structure was retained in various works of silent-era and post-Second World War cinema.


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: Elements of the shrew-taming plot are still used today, though with less patriarchal messages since the rise of feminism. "The Taming of the Shrew" has itself led to various modern, loose adaptations to current societal views in differing Western and Eastern industrialised societies, while retaining the stock character and the underlying theme of consequences of female disagreeableness, but often giving the "shrew" much more agency, and portraying some "shrewish" traits in a positive light, blending with the stock character of the virago.


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: Some of these include: "Frivolous Wife", a 2008 South Korean film, in which the "shrew" attempts to change herself to become better accepted by her inlaws; "ShakespeaRe-Told: The Taming of the Shrew", a 2005 British film, in which a politician seeks to reform her public relations image as an abrasive woman by getting married, but finds this challenging; "Deliver Us from Eva", a 2003 American romantic comedy film, in which the boyfriends of three young sisters whose relationships are being micro-managed by an elder, troublesome fourth sister, hire a pickup artist to seduce this "shrew" and get them out of their lives, but he falls in love with her despite her ways not changing permanently.


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: In "10 Things I Hate About You", a 1999 American teen romantic comedy, in which high school students play matchmaker with a "shrew" and her cantankerous male counterpart, while themes of family reconciliation and teen sex-related psychological angst are explored. It was remade as a 2009 TV series, in which the "shrew" character is redeveloped into a serious-attitude activist. In an uncommon gender-role reversal, the 1980 Italian film "Il Bisbetico Domato" ("The Taming of the Scoundrel") features a macho and grumpy but successful male farmer, known for antisocially driving women away, who is eventually won over by an earnest young lady, aided by the farmer's housekeeper who has long been trying to find a bride for the loner.


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: In Elizabethan England, "shrew" was widely used to refer to women and wives who did not fit into the social role that was expected of them. In William Shakespeare's "The Taming of the Shrew", Katherina "has a scolding, shrewish tongue," thus prompting Petruchio to try to tame her.


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: More modern, figurative labels include "battle-axe" and "dragon lady"; more literary alternatives (all deriving from mythological names) are "termagant", "harpy", and "fury".


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: "Shrew" derives from Middle English ' for 'evil or scolding person', used since at least the 11th century, in turn from Old English ' or "", 'shrew' (animal); cognates in other Germanic languages have divergent meanings, including 'fox', 'dwarf', 'old man', and 'devil'. The modern spelling dates to the 14th century. Historically, the animals called shrews were superstitiously feared, falsely believed to have a venomous bite and to behave aggressively and with cruelty, leading to the now-obsolete word "beshrew", 'to curse or invoke evil upon'.


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: Beginning in the mid-13th century, following on the belief that the animals could exert a wicked influence on humans exposed to them, the term was applied metaphorically to a person of either sex thought to have a similar disposition, but by the 14th century, it was applied to women alone. This also led to a now obsolete verb usage, "to shrew" meaning 'to scold'.


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: By the middle 16th century, the opposing extremes of wifely personality traits were contrasted as "shrew" vs. "sheep". The earliest-known formal definition of "shrew" as applied to people is Samuel Johnson's, in the 1755 "A Dictionary of the English Language": "peevish, malignant, clamorous, spiteful, vexatious, turbulent woman". He described the use of the word in reference to males as "ancient", but also quoted Shakespeare using it to satirise a man by likening him to the shrewish woman central to his play: "By this reckoning he is more shrew than she." ("Cf." modern use toward men of other female-targeted slurs like "bitch".)


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: As a synonym for the shrew in literature and theatre, the word "termagant" derives from the name Termagant, an invented, mock-Muslim, male deity used in mediaeval mystery plays, characterised as violent and overbearing. Termagant features in many period works of the 11th through 15th centuries, from "The Song of Roland" to Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales" (in "The Tale of Sir Thopas").


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: The name was genericised into a term referring to male characters with ranting, bullying personalities. In the 16th century, Shakespeare used the word in this generic, masculine sense in "Henry IV", Part I (as an adjective), and in its original proper name sense in "Hamlet". Such characters usually wore long gowns that gave them a feminine appearance in an era when female characters were played by men or boys, and were dressed similarly. This led the gradual shift in meaning, to refer exclusively to an overbearing, turbulent, quarrelsome, even brawling woman, which was a well-established usage by the late 17th century. Female characters actually named Termagant appear in works including Thomas Shadwell's play "The Squire of Alsatia" (1688), and Arthur Murphy's play "The Upholsterer" (1758), while Washington Irving's "Rip Van Winkle" (1819) uses the word generically, to refer to the main character's wife.


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: The similar term "harridan", widely also considered a synonym of "shrew", originated as a late-17th-century slang term for 'aging prostitute' (probably from 16th-century French "", 'old horse', in metaphor a 'gaunt, ill-favoured woman'). It has taken on the meaning of scolding, nagging, bossy, belligerent woman, especially an older one, and is not tied to literary context.


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: Another word with essentially the same meaning, and applying only to women since around 1300, is the noun "scold" (later replaced with "scolder", as "scold" became a verb toward the late 14th century). It dates more gender-neutrally to Middle English, ca. 1150–1200, as ' or ' (unrelated to the 'burn' sense, from Old French), and probably derives from Old Norse "", 'a skald', i.e. poet. The skalds, like the bards, were feared for their panegyric satire, and this may explain the connection to verbal abusiveness.


title: Shrew (stock character)

text: Johnson's 18th-century definition was: "A clamourous, rude, mean, low, foul-mouthed woman", suggesting a level of vulgarity and a class distinction from the more generalised "shrew", but this nuance has been lost. In Johnson's time, the word formed part of a legal term, "common scold" which referred to rude and brawling women . To the extent the noun form retains any currency, some dictionaries observe that it can (unusually) be applied to males, a recent re-development. "Scold", in its heyday, was not particularly limited to literary or theatrical contexts.


title: Kinesics

text: Kinesics is the interpretation of body motion communication such as facial expressions and gestures, nonverbal behavior related to movement of any part of the body or the body as a whole. The equivalent popular culture term is body language, a term Ray Birdwhistell, considered the founder of this area of study, neither used nor liked (on the grounds that what can be conveyed with the body does not meet the linguist's definition of language).


title: Kinesics

text: Kinesics was first used in 1952 by an anthropologist named Ray Birdwhistell. Birdwhistell wished to study how people communicate through posture, gesture, stance and movement. His ideas over several decades were synthesized and resulted in the book "Kinesics and Context." Interest in kinesics specifically and nonverbal behaviour generally was popularized in the late 1960s and early 1970s by such popular mass-market (nonacademic) publications as "How to Read a Person Like a Book". Part of Birdwhistell's work involved filming people in social situations and analyzing them to show elements of communication that were not seen otherwise. One of his most important projects was "The Natural History of an Interview," a long-term interdisciplinary collaboration including Gregory Bateson, Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, Norman A. McQuown, Henry W. Brosin and others.


title: Kinesics

text: Drawing heavily on descriptive linguistics, Birdwhistell argued that all movements of the body have meaning and that nonverbal behaviour has a grammar that can be analyzed in similar terms to spoken language. Thus, a "kineme" is "similar to a phoneme because it consists of a group of movements which are not identical, but which may be used interchangeably without affecting social meaning."


title: Kinesics

text: Birdwhistell estimated that no more than 30 to 35 percent of the social meaning of a conversation or an interaction is carried by the words. He also concluded that there were no universals in these kinesic displays, a claim that was disputed by Paul Ekman, who was interested in analysis of universals, especially in facial expression.


title: Kinesics

text: In a current application, kinesic behavior is sometimes used as signs of deception by interviewers looking for clusters of movements to determine the veracity of the statement being uttered, although kinesics can be equally applied in any context and type of setting to construe innocuous messages whose carriers are indolent or unable to express verbally.


title: Kinesics

text: Kinesic behaviors are an important part of nonverbal communication. Body movements convey information, but interpretations vary by culture. As many movements are carried out at a subconscious or at least a low-awareness level, kinesic movements carry a significant risk of being misinterpreted in an intercultural communication situation.


title: Dye penetrant inspection

text: Dye penetrant inspection (DP), also called liquid penetrate inspection (LPI) or penetrant testing (PT), is a widely applied and low-cost inspection method used to check surface-breaking defects in all non-porous materials (metals, plastics, or ceramics). The penetrant may be applied to all non-ferrous materials and ferrous materials, although for ferrous components magnetic-particle inspection is often used instead for its subsurface detection capability. LPI is used to detect casting, forging and welding surface defects such as hairline cracks, surface porosity, leaks in new products, and fatigue cracks on in-service components.


title: Dye penetrant inspection

text: The oil and whiting method used in the railroad industry in the early 1900s was the first recognized use of the principles of penetrants to detect cracks. The oil and whiting method used an oil solvent for cleaning followed by the application of a whiting or chalk coating, which absorbed oil from the cracks revealing their locations. Soon a dye was added to the liquid. By the 1940s, the fluorescent or visible dye was added to the oil used to penetrate test objects.


title: Dye penetrant inspection

text: Experience showed that temperature and soak time was important. This started the practice of written instructions to provide standard, uniform results. The use of written procedures has evolved, giving the ability for design engineers and manufacturers to get the high standard results from any properly trained and certified liquid penetrant testing technician.


title: Dye penetrant inspection

text: DPI is based upon capillary action, where low surface tension fluid penetrates into clean and dry surface-breaking discontinuities. The penetrant may be applied to the test component by dipping, spraying, or brushing. After adequate penetration time has been allowed, the excess penetrant is removed and a developer is applied. The developer helps to draw penetrant out of the flaw so that an invisible indication becomes visible to the inspector. Inspection is performed under ultraviolet or white light, depending on the type of dye used - fluorescent or nonfluorescent (visible).


title: Dye penetrant inspection

text: The test surface is cleaned to remove any dirt, paint, oil, grease or any loose scale that could either keep penetrant out of a defect or cause irrelevant or false indications. Cleaning methods may include solvents, alkaline cleaning steps, vapour degreasing, or media blasting. The end goal of this step is a clean surface where any defects present are open to the surface, dry, and free of contamination. Note that if media blasting is used, it may "work over" small discontinuities in the part, and an etching bath is recommended as a post-blasting treatment.


title: Dye penetrant inspection

text: The penetrant is then applied to the surface of the item being tested. The penetrant is usually a brilliant coloured mobile fluid with high wetting capability. The penetrant is allowed "dwell time" to soak into any flaws (generally 5 to 30 minutes). The dwell time mainly depends upon the penetrant being used, the material being tested and the size of flaws sought. As expected, smaller flaws require a longer penetration time. Due to their incompatible nature, one must be careful not to apply solvent-based penetrant to a surface which is to be inspected with a water-washable developer.


title: Dye penetrant inspection

text: The excess penetrant is then removed from the surface. The removal method is controlled by the type of penetrant used. Water-washable, solvent-removable, lipophilic post-emulsifiable, or hydrophilic post-emulsifiable are the common choices. Emulsifiers represent the highest sensitivity level, and chemically interact with the oily penetrant to make it removable with a water spray. When using solvent remover and lint-free cloth it is important to not spray the solvent on the test surface directly, because this can remove the penetrant from the flaws. If excess penetrant is not properly removed, once the developer is applied, it may leave a background in the developed area that can mask indications or defects. In addition, this may also produce false indications severely hindering the ability to do a proper inspection. Also, the removal of excessive penetrant is done towards one direction either vertically or horizontally as the case may be.


title: Dye penetrant inspection

text: After excess penetrant has been removed, a white developer is applied to the sample. Several developer types are available, including: non-aqueous wet developer, dry powder, water-suspendable, and water-soluble. Choice of developer is governed by penetrant compatibility (one can't use water-soluble or -suspendable developer with water-washable penetrant), and by inspection conditions. When using non-aqueous wet developer (NAWD) or dry powder, the sample must be dried prior to application, while soluble and suspendable developers are applied with the part still wet from the previous step. NAWD is commercially available in aerosol spray cans, and may employ acetone, isopropyl alcohol, or a propellant that is a combination of the two. Developer should form a semi-transparent, even coating on the surface.


title: Dye penetrant inspection

text: The developer draws penetrant from defects out onto the surface to form a visible indication, commonly known as bleed-out. Any areas that bleed out can indicate the location, orientation and possible types of defects on the surface. Interpreting the results and characterizing defects from the indications found may require some training and/or experience [the indication size is not the actual size of the defect].


title: Dye penetrant inspection

text: The inspector will use visible light with adequate intensity (100 foot-candles or 1100 lux is typical) for visible dye penetrant. Ultraviolet (UV-A) radiation of adequate intensity (1,000 micro-watts per centimetre squared is common), along with low ambient light levels (less than 2 foot-candles) for fluorescent penetrant examinations. Inspection of the test surface should take place after 10- to 30-minute development time, and is dependent on the penetrant and developer used. This time delay allows the blotting action to occur. The inspector may observe the sample for indication formation when using visible dye. It is also good practice to observe indications as they form because the characteristics of the bleed out are a significant part of interpretation characterization of flaws.


title: Dye penetrant inspection

text: The test surface is often cleaned after inspection and recording of defects, especially if post-inspection coating processes are scheduled.


title: Dye penetrant inspection

text: The main advantages of DPI are the speed of the test and the low cost. Disadvantages include the detection of only surface flaws, skin irritation, and the inspection should be on a smooth clean surface where excessive penetrant can be removed prior to being developed. Conducting the test on rough surfaces, such as "as-welded" welds, will make it difficult to remove any excessive penetrant and could result in false indications. Water-washable penetrant should be considered here if no other option is available. Also, on certain surfaces, a great enough colour contrast cannot be achieved or the dye will stain the workpiece.


title: Dye penetrant inspection

text: Limited training is required for the operator — although experience is quite valuable. Proper cleaning is necessary to assure that surface contaminants have been removed and any defects present are clean and dry. Some cleaning methods have been shown to be detrimental to test sensitivity, so acid etching to remove metal smearing and re-open the defect may be necessary.


title: Nakshatravana

text: Nakshatravana, also called Nakshatravanam or Nakshatravan, is a sacred grove in Sringeri, Karnataka, India. It is associated with the Sringeri Sharada Peetham monastery, and consists of 27 trees that are related to 27 Nakshatras of Indian Astrology. The grove also includes over 120 medicinal plants found in the Western Ghats. The Nakshatras and the trees are as below:


title: Nakshatravana

text: Considering the diversity of plants involved, their medicinal value, and association with Nakshatras, many organisations are popularizing the creation of Nakshatravanam.


title: OK Orchestra

text: OK Orchestra (stylized in all caps) is the fourth studio album by American pop band AJR. It was released on March 26, 2021, by the band's own label AJR Productions. The album was produced by group member Ryan Met. The album features the Blue Man Group, making "OK Orchestra" AJR's second album to feature another artist.


title: OK Orchestra

text: In February 2020, AJR released the album's first single, "Bang!", which became one of the trio's biggest hits. The single was originally intended as a track for a deluxe version of "Neotheater", however this never came to fruition, and the song eventually became the lead single for the forthcoming album. On August 31, 2020 they released the album's second single, "Bummerland", a song about the band sarcastically expressing their feelings on the COVID-19 pandemic. On December 20, 2020, they announced that "OK Orchestra" would be the name of their upcoming album, while also releasing the third single from the album, "My Play". It was put up for pre-order on iTunes/Apple Music and showed that the album contained 13 tracks. AJR released the album's fourth single "Way Less Sad" and its music video on February 17, 2021, On March 21, 2021, AJR launched OKO World, an interactive experience playable on their official website. AJR released a music video for "OK Overture" and "World's Smallest Violin" the same day the album was released. On June 23, almost three months later, they released a music video for "3 O'Clock Things". Two months afterwards on August 12, a music video for "Christmas in June" was released which featured footage filmed at the Wonderstruck Festival in Cleveland. On February 9, 2022, AJR released a music video for "Ordinaryish People feat. Blue Man Group".


title: OK Orchestra

text: A.D. Amorosi of "Variety" described the album as "harmonically vocalized, hyper-memoir-centric, atmospheric mélange of pop, hip-hop, and doo-wop with quirky rhythms and a salting of smart-assed They Might Be Giants for tart taste". In a review for AllMusic, Matt Collar wrote that ""OK Orchestra" isn't just full of hit-worthy pop hooks, it's stage-worthy, ambitious, and full of insights driven by AJR's personal experience", rating the album 4/5. Thomas Stremfel of "Spectrum Culture" received the album less positively, rating the album 1.25/5 and stating that "hearing the terrible production and cringe-inducing songwriting of "OK Orchestra" without warning makes for an undeniably engaging listen... Year-end album lists should be filing restraining orders against this album, but that doesn't mean you can't listen to it for a cheap laugh."


title: OK Orchestra

text: The album was nominated for Top Rock Album at the 2022 Billboard Music Awards alongside other bands Twenty One Pilots, Coldplay, and Imagine Dragons.


title: OK Orchestra

text: "OK Orchestra" debuted at number 10 on the US "Billboard" 200 dated April 10, 2021, becoming AJR's second top-10 album. It earned 32,000 album-equivalent units, including 13,000 pure album sales. Although "OK Orchestra" placed at number 55 on the midweek UK Albums Chart dated March 29, 2021, it did not place in the final listing on April 2. Much of the albums popularity has been contributed to the singles "Bang!", "Way Less Sad", and "World's Smallest Violin".


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: Cynthia Lynne Cooper-Dyke (born April 14, 1963) is an American basketball coach and former player who has won championships in college, in the Olympics, and in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She is considered by many as one of the greatest basketball players ever. In 2011, Cooper-Dyke was voted by fans as one of the Top 15 players in WNBA history. Upon the league's formation, she played for the Houston Comets from 1997 to 2000, being named the Most Valuable Player of the WNBA Finals in all four seasons, and returned to play again in 2003. Cooper-Dyke still holds the record for most Finals MVPs with four. On April 30, 2019, she was introduced as the head coach for the Texas Southern Lady Tigers basketball team, a position she held in the 2012–13 season. She has also coached at USC, UNC Wilmington, Prairie View A&M, and, professionally, for the Phoenix Mercury. Cooper-Dyke was inducted into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in 2009 and the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2010.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: Cooper attended Locke High School before enrolling at the University of Southern California. Cooper participated athletically in both track and field as well as basketball. She led her team to the California State Championship (4A) scoring an average of 31 points per game, and scoring 44 points in one game. Cooper was named the Los Angeles Player of the Year.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: Cooper was a four-year letter winner at guard for USC from 1982 to 1986. She led the Women of Troy to NCAA appearances in all four years, Final Four appearances in three of her four years, and back-to-back NCAA tournament titles in 1983 and 1984. After the 1984 Championship, she briefly left school, but was persuaded to return. She completed four years with USC, although she did not graduate. Cooper closed out her collegiate career with an appearance in the 1986 NCAA tournament championship game and a spot on the NCAA Final Four All-Tournament Team. Cooper ranks eighth on USC's all-time scoring list with 1,559 points, fifth in assists (381) and third in steals (256). While Cooper was at USC, the Women of Troy compiled a record of 114–15. She earned her bachelor's degree from Prairie View A&M University in 2005.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: Cooper was named to represent the US at the 1981 William Jones Cup competition in Taipei, Taiwan, while still in high school. The team won seven of eight games to win the silver medal for the event. Cooper scored 2.8 points per game and recorded nine steals.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: Cooper was selected to represent the US at the inaugural Goodwill games, held in Moscow in July 1986. North Carolina State's Kay Yow served as head coach. The team opened up with a 72–53 win over Yugoslavia, and followed that with a 21-point win over Brazil 91–70. The third game was against Czechoslovakia and would be much closer. Cheryl Miller was the scoring leader in this game, scoring 26 points to help the US to a 78–70 victory. The US faced Bulgaria in the semi-final match up, and again won, this time 67–58. This set up the final against the Soviet Union, led by 7-foot-2 Ivilana Semenova, considered the most dominant player in the world. The Soviet team, had a 152–2 record in major international competition over the prior three decades, including an 84–82 win over the US in the 1983 World Championships. The Soviets held the early edge, leading 21–19 at one time, before the US went on a scoring run to take a large lead they did not relinquish. The final score was 83–60 in favor of the US, earning the gold medal for the US squad. Cooper averaged 2.0 points per game.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: Cooper continued to represent the US with the national team at the 1986 World Championship, held in Moscow, a month after the Goodwill Games in Moscow. The US team was even more dominant this time. The early games were won easily, and the semifinal against Canada, while the closest game for the US so far, ended up an 82–59 victory. At the same time, the Soviet team was winning easily as well, and the final game pitted two teams each with 6–0 records. The Soviet team, having lost only once at home, wanted to show that the Goodwill games setback was a fluke. The US team started by scoring the first eight points, and raced to a 45–23 lead, although the Soviets fought back and reduced the halftime margin to 13. The US went on a 15–1 run in the second half to out the game away, and ended up winning the gold medal with a score of 108–88. Cooper averaged 5.9 points per game.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: Cooper played for USA Basketball as part of the 1987 USA Women's Pan American Team which won a gold medal in Indianapolis, Indiana. Cooper was a member of the gold medalist 1988 US Olympic Women's Basketball Team., and the Bronze Medal team in 1992.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: During her time playing for Samoa Bétera, a Spanish team, she was the league leading scorer with 36.7 ppg. During the almost ten years she played in the Italian leagues, she was the league's leading scorer eight times, and finished second the other two years.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: In 1987, she was the MVP of the European All-Star team. She was also named to the All-Star team of the Italian leagues in 1996–1997.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: At the age of 34, Cooper signed to play with the Houston Comets. She led the league in scoring three consecutive years, galvanizing the franchise to a record four WNBA Championships. In addition, she was voted the WNBA's MVP in 1997 and 1998 and named Most Valuable Player in each of those four WNBA Finals. Cooper was named the 1998 Sportswoman of the Year (in the team category) by the Women's Sports Foundation. During the Comet dynasty, she was a vital part of the triple threat offense with Sheryl Swoopes and Tina Thompson. When retired in 2000, Cooper became the first player in WNBA history to score 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 2,500 career points. She scored 30 or more points in 16 of her 120 games and had a 92-game double-figure scoring streak from 1997 to 2000. She went on to coach the Phoenix Mercury for one and a half seasons (2001–2002).


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: Cooper returned as an active player in the 2003 season, but announced her final retirement from professional basketball in 2004. Her appearance in the game, as a 40-year-old, made her the oldest player, at the time, to play in a WNBA game.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: Cooper has also been named one of the top 15 players in the WNBA at the 2011 WNBA All-Star game. During Game 1 of the 2016 WNBA Finals, she was named in the WNBA Top 20@20.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: In May 2005, Cooper was named the head coach of the women's basketball team at Prairie View A&M University. In her second season in 2006–07, Cooper-Dyke led the underdog Panthers to their first SWAC women's basketball tournament title and NCAA tournament appearance. Cooper-Dyke was named SWAC Coach of the Year for 2007.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: In January 2008, the NCAA penalized Prairie View for NCAA rules violations committed by Cooper, reducing the number of scholarships for the team. The school was placed on four years' probation for "major violations" in 2005–2006 that ranged from Cooper giving players small amounts of cash to various forms of unauthorized practices. Cooper also gave players free tickets to Comets game, which is another NCAA infraction.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: On May 10, 2010, Cooper-Dyke was announced as the next head coach of the UNC Wilmington Seahawks Women's Basketball team. In Cooper-Dyke's first season, UNCW achieved an historic high in wins with a 24–9 record and appeared in the 2011 Women's National Invitation Tournament. Cooper-Dyke was the 2011 Colonial Athletic Association Coach of the Year, her third conference yearly honor of that sort.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: On April 10, 2012, Cooper resigned from UNCW and became the head coach at Texas Southern. The 2012–13 Texas Southern team went 20–12 and appeared in the 2013 Women's National Invitation Tournament.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: On April 11, 2013. Cooper returned to USC as head coach. In her first season, Cooper-Dyke led USC to a 22–13 (11–7 Pac-12) season with an appearance in the 2014 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament. On March 3, 2017, Cooper-Dyke resigned as head coach at USC, following a 14–16 season in 2016–17 and 70–56 overall record.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: In April 2019, she returned to coach at Texas Southern. Texas Southern had a 20–10 record in her first season back but had two straight losing seasons afterwards at 5–10 and 11–15. Cooper-Dyke retired on March 17, 2022. She concluded her four seasons in two stints with a cumulative 56–47 record.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: "The Athletic" reported on May 5, 2022 that Texas Southern opened a Title IX investigation into Cooper-Dyke over accusations of sexual harassment and verbal abuse. A hearing had been scheduled for April 6 but was canceled due to Cooper-Dyke no longer being employed by the university. Additional allegations of similar misconduct were revealed from her previous coaching jobs at UNC Wilmington and USC.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: Cooper was inducted into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in 2009. She was also announced as a member of the 2010 induction class of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame (the first WNBA player to be inducted), and was formally inducted on August 13 of that year.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: Although born in Chicago, Illinois, Cooper-Dyke grew up in South Central Los Angeles, California. Cooper-Dyke is the daughter of Mary and Kenny Cooper. Her father left the family when she was only six years old, leaving her mother to raise eight children. Cooper-Dyke attended the University of Southern California and played on their women's basketball team for four years, winning NCAA championships in 1983 and 1984 with star teammate Cheryl Miller, but left in 1986 before earning a degree. She played on international women's basketball teams in Spain and Italy for a decade before returning to the US to play for the Houston Comets. While abroad she learned to speak Italian fluently.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: In 2000, she published her autobiography, entitled "She Got Game: My Personal Odyssey", which covered her childhood, her basketball career up to that time, and her mother's battle with breast cancer.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: Her first marriage was on July 30, 1993 to Anthony Stewart in San Antonio, Texas. On April 28, 2001 she was married to Brian Dyke. She is a mother to twins – a son, Brian Jr., and a daughter, Cyan, born June 15, 2002.


title: Cynthia Cooper-Dyke

text: After a successful college and professional basketball career, won four WNBA Championships and induction into the Basketball Hall of Fame, she turned to coaching. She began her coaching career in 2005 at Prairie View A&M University in Texas and guided the team to three SWAC Championships. While at the university, Cooper-Dyke turned student and coach and completed college requirements and earned a bachelor's degree in Health and Human Performance in 2010.


title: Lloydminster

text: Lloydminster is a city in Canada which has the unusual geographic distinction of straddling the provincial border between Alberta and Saskatchewan. The city is incorporated by both provinces as a single city with a single municipal administration.


title: Lloydminster

text: Intended to be an exclusively British utopian settlement centred on the idea of sobriety, Lloydminster was founded in 1903 by the Barr Colonists, who came directly from the United Kingdom. At a time when the area was still part of the North-West Territories, the town was located astride the Fourth Meridian of the Dominion Land Survey. This meridian was intended to coincide with the 110° west longitude, although the imperfect surveying methods of the time led to the surveyed meridian being placed a few hundred metres (yards) west of this longitude.


title: Lloydminster

text: The town was named for George Lloyd, an Anglican priest who would become Bishop of Saskatchewan in 1922. Lloyd was a strong opponent of non-British immigration to Canada. During a nearly disastrous immigration journey, which was badly planned and conducted, he distinguished himself with the colonists and replaced the Barr Colony's leader and namesake Isaac Montgomery Barr during the colonists' journey to the eventual townsite.


title: Lloydminster

text: The town developed rapidly: by 1904, there was a telegraph office as well as a log church; in 1905, the "Lloydminster Daily Times" started publication and the first train arrived on July 28. Its main north-south street, today named Meridian Avenue (or 50th Avenue), along which stores, businesses and the post office began locating, was situated right on the Fourth Meridian, although the actual road right-of-way was located in Saskatchewan.


title: Lloydminster

text: While provincehood of some sort for the prairie territories was seen as inevitable by 1903, it had been widely expected that only one province would eventually be created instead of two. The colonists were not aware of the federal government's deep-rooted opposition to the creation of a single province and thus had no way of knowing that the Fourth Meridian (110° W) was under consideration as a future provincial boundary. Had they known, it is very unlikely that they would have sited the new settlement on the future border.


title: Lloydminster

text: When the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan were created in 1905, the Fourth Meridian was selected as the border, bisecting the town right along its main street. Caught by surprise, Lloydminster residents petitioned for the new border to be revised so as to encompass the entire town within Saskatchewan, without success.


title: Lloydminster

text: For the next quarter century, Lloydminster remained to be administered as two separate towns with two separate municipal administrations. Finally, in 1930, the provincial governments agreed to amalgamate the towns into a single town under shared jurisdiction. The provinces, again jointly, reincorporated Lloydminster as a city in 1958.


title: Lloydminster

text: Commemorating Lloydminster's distinctive bi-provincial status, a monument consisting of four 100-foot survey markers was erected in 1994 near the city's downtown core.


title: Lloydminster

text: Although the majority of Lloydminster's population once lived in Saskatchewan, that ratio has long since been reversed; in the 2011 Canadian Census, nearly two-thirds of the city's population lived in Alberta. In 2000, the city hall and municipal offices were moved from Saskatchewan to Alberta in a location right along Meridian Avenue, also known as 50th Avenue, which runs along the Fourth Meridian.


title: Lloydminster

text: Despite its bi-provincial status, Lloydminster was not exempted from anti-smoking legislation passed by the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan. Citizens responded by initiating a referendum against the wishes of the mayor, as permitted in the charter, which resulted in the enactment of a citywide anti-smoking bylaw. The matter became moot when Alberta enacted its own anti-smoking legislation, which was the solution that the mayor and council preferred.


title: Lloydminster

text: Since Lloydminster's founders were attempting to create a utopian, temperance society, alcohol was not available in Lloydminster for the first few years after its founding.


title: Lloydminster

text: The provincial border runs north to south, falling directly on 50th Avenue (Meridian Avenue) in the centre of Lloydminster. Meridian Avenue north of the Yellowhead Highway (also named 44th Street) remains the main downtown street for stores, offices and businesses, with some also located on the intersecting east-west streets. Addresses east of 50th Avenue are considered to be in Lloydminster, Saskatchewan and addresses west of 50th Avenue are considered to be in Lloydminster, Alberta. The city is bordered by the County of Vermilion River, Alberta, on the west, the Rural Municipality (R.M.) of Britannia No. 502, Saskatchewan, on the northeast and the R.M. of Wilton No. 472, Saskatchewan, on the southeast. The majority of the large retail properties serving the city, including larger stores, gas stations and hotels, are located in its Alberta portion, in particular along the Yellowhead Highway west of Meridian Avenue and along the Alberta side of 50th Avenue south of the Yellowhead Highway.


title: Lloydminster

text: Lloydminster's distinctive situation is reflected in other legal matters, including its time zone. Most of Saskatchewan does not observe daylight saving time, instead staying on Central Standard Time year-round. However, Alberta mandates daylight saving time. Lloydminster's charter allows the city to follow Alberta's use of daylight saving time on both sides of the provincial border in order to keep all clocks within the city in synchronisation. This has the effect of placing Lloydminster and the surrounding area in the Mountain Time Zone along with Alberta. During the summer, the entire city is on GMT−06:00—Mountain Daylight Time while the rest of Saskatchewan is on Central Standard Time. During the winter, Lloydminster is on Mountain Standard Time with the rest of Alberta, which is GMT−07:00.


title: Lloydminster

text: The provincial line divides the city in two aspects related to communications. Telephones on the Saskatchewan side are assigned to area codes 306 and 639, the two area codes assigned to that province, while land lines on the Alberta side have numbers in the 780 and 587 area codes, the two area codes assigned to northern Alberta. Similarly, Saskatchewan addresses have a postal code with a forward sortation area designation (first three characters) of "S9V", and addresses in Alberta have postal codes beginning with "T9V". All postal codes in Canada beginning with the letter "S" are assigned to Saskatchewan, and those beginning with "T" belong to Alberta.


title: Lloydminster

text: Lloydminster experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification "Dfb"), which approaches a subarctic climate (Köppen "Dfc") due to May and September being only marginally above . Winters are long, cold and dry, while summers are short, warm and moderately wet. Year-round precipitation is fairly low, with an average of , whilst the dry winters restrict snowfall to .


title: Lloydminster

text: The highest temperature ever recorded in Lloydminster was on 12 July 2002. The coldest temperature ever recorded was on 13 January 1911.


title: Lloydminster

text: In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Alberta portion of the City of Lloydminster had a population of 19,739 living in 7,636 of its 8,530 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 19,645. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. The Saskatchewan portion of Lloydminster had a population of 11,843 living in 4,443 of its 5,002 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 11,765. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016. Overall, the entire City of Lloydminster had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.


title: Lloydminster

text: In the 2016 Census of Population, the Alberta portion of the City of Lloydminster had a population of 19,645 living in 7,444 of its 8,444 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2011 population of 18,032. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016. Meanwhile, the Saskatchewan portion of Lloydminster had a population of 11,765 living in 4,392 of its 4,909 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2011 population of 9,772. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016. Overall, the entire City of Lloydminster had a population of 31,410 living in 11,836 of its 13,353 total private dwellings in the 2016 Census of Population, a change of from its 2011 population of 27,804. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.


title: Lloydminster

text: The City of Lloydminster's 2015 municipal census counted a population of 31,377, a change of from its 2013 municipal census population of 31,483. Of the 31,377 residents, 19,740 () lived on the Alberta side and 11,637 () lived on the Saskatchewan side.


title: Lloydminster

text: There are substantial demographic differences between the populations on each side of the border, with the population on the Saskatchewan side being substantially younger; the median age on the Saskatchewan side is 26.6, nearly seven years less than the median age of 33.2 on the Alberta side. Even when combining the median ages for both sides of the city, Lloydminster has the youngest median age in all of Canada. Also, the specific age group of 20–24 is much more concentrated on the Saskatchewan side. The two sides of the city have virtually identical numbers of people in that age group (1,220 in Saskatchewan, 1,230 in Alberta) even though the total population on the Alberta side is nearly twice that of the Saskatchewan side. This situation has been attributed in part to differential car insurance rates for drivers; because Saskatchewan has a public auto insurance system while Alberta relies on conventional private insurance, young drivers with the highest insurance rates can save thousands of dollars by living in Saskatchewan rather than Alberta.


title: Lloydminster

text: The census agglomeration of Lloydminster includes both parts of the city, as well as the rural municipality of Wilton No. 472, the town of Lashburn, and the village of Marshall, Saskatchewan.


title: Lloydminster

text: About 94% of residents identified English as their first language. More than 1.4% of the population identified French as their first language, while 0.8% identified German, 0.7% identified Ukrainian, and 0.5% identified Cree as their first language learned. The next most common languages were Chinese and Spanish at about 0.3% each.


title: Lloydminster

text: More than 78% of residents identified as Christian at the time of the 2001 census, while over 18% indicated that they had no religious affiliation. For specific denominations Statistics Canada found that 31% of residents identified as Roman Catholic, and 44% Protestants of which, 18% identified with the United Church of Canada, more than 7% identified as Anglican, about 5% identified as Lutheran, almost 3% identified as Pentecostal, about 2% identified as Baptists, and just over 1% of the population identified as Eastern Orthodox.


title: Lloydminster

text: The local economy is driven primarily by the petroleum industry. Agriculture remains an important economic activity. The Husky Lloydminster Refinery is also located in the community. An issue in business is the sales tax. The only sales tax applicable in Alberta is the federal Goods and Services Tax (GST). Saskatchewan has, in addition to GST, a provincial sales tax (PST). To ensure that business will not float away from the Saskatchewan side in favour of lower prices in Alberta, PST does not apply in the Saskatchewan side of the city with the exception of hotels, vehicle registration and utility services.


title: Lloydminster

text: Lloydminster is governed by a seven-member city council, consisting of a mayor and six city councillors. The city follows the Saskatchewan schedule when voting in municipal elections.


title: Lloydminster

text: Residents on the Alberta side are in the electoral district of Lakeland for elections to the federal House of Commons, and Vermilion-Lloydminster-Wainwright for elections to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. Residents in Saskatchewan are in Battlefords—Lloydminster federally, and Lloydminster for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan.