title: Metropolitan City of Naples

text: The Metropolitan City of Naples is headed by the metropolitan mayor () and the metropolitan council (). Since 18 October 2021, its head has been Gaetano Manfredi, mayor of the capital city.


title: Metropolitan City of Naples

text: The city is 96th out of 110 Italian provinces and metropolitan cities by landmass, with an area (1,171 km including islands) that is smaller than the core "comune" of Rome (1,287 km). Naples is, however, Italy's third largest metropolitan city by population, making it one of the most densely populated areas in Europe; the metropolitan region also includes the municipality of Casavatore, the highest-density municipality in Italy (at 12,000 inhabitants/km). While it contains more than half of Campania's population, it only occupies 8.6% of Campania's landmass (13,590 km), creating a strong demographic and territorial imbalance with the other four provinces in Campania.


title: Metropolitan City of Naples

text: Municipalities (comune) in the Metropolitan City vary in size, ranging from 1.62 km (Casavatore) to 117.27 km (Naples); 60% of the municipalities are small (less than or equal to 10 km), 36% of medium-sized (> 10 km and ≤ 25 km), the rest (11%) more than 25 km and, of this, only two municipalities (Acerra and Giugliano) are between 50 and 100 km and only the municipality of Naples exceeds 100 km.


title: Metropolitan City of Naples

text: Because of its proximity to Vesuvius and Phlegraean Fields, the city is vulnerable to seismic and volcanic activity.


title: Metropolitan City of Naples

text: Metropolitan Cities give large urban areas the administrative powers of a province, a system designed to improve local administration, create efficiency in spending, and better coordinate basic services (including transport, school and social programs) and environment protection. The Mayor of Naples thus also has powers as Metropolitan Mayor, presiding over a Metropolitan Council formed by 24 mayors of municipalities (comune) within the Metropolitan City.


title: Metropolitan City of Naples

text: The first Metropolitan Council of the City was elected on 28 September 2014.The current Metropolitan Council of the City was elected on 13 March 2022:


title: Guinea (region)

text: Guinea is a traditional name for the region of the African coast of West Africa which lies along the Gulf of Guinea. It is a naturally moist tropical forest or savanna that stretches along the coast and borders the Sahel belt in the north.


title: Guinea (region)

text: The etymology of "Guinea" is uncertain. The English term "Guinea" comes directly from the Spanish word "Guinea", which in turn derives from the Portuguese word "Guiné". The Portuguese term emerged in the mid-15th century to refer to the lands inhabited by the "Guineus", a generic term used by the Portuguese to refer to the 'black' African peoples living south of the Senegal River (in contrast to the 'tawny' Sanhaja Berbers, north of it, whom they called "Azenegues"). The term "Guinea" is extensively used in the 1453 chronicle of Gomes Eanes de Zurara. King John II of Portugal took up the title of "Senhor da Guiné" (Lord of Guinea) from 1481.


title: Guinea (region)

text: It is believed the Portuguese borrowed "Guineus" from the Berber term "Ghinawen" (sometimes Arabized as "Guinauha" or "Genewah") meaning "the burnt people" (analogous to the Classical Greek "Aithiops", "of the burned face"). The Berber terms "aginaw" and "Akal n-Iguinawen" mean "black" and "land of the blacks", respectively.


title: Guinea (region)

text: A competing theory, first forwarded by Leo Africanus in 1526, claims that 'Guinea' is derived from Djenné (which he refers to as "Gheneo, Genni" and "Ghinea"), the great interior commercial city on the Upper Niger River. Djenné dominated the gold and salt trade across West Africa, from the 11th century (fall of Ghana) until the 13th century (when the Mali invasion disrupted its routes and redirected trade to Timbuktu, hitherto just a small Djenné outpost). It is during the period of Djenné dominance that the term "Genewah" really comes forward into usage in Arab sources ("al-Sudan" – Arabic for "blacks" – is used more commonly before).


title: Guinea (region)

text: Other theories try to connect "Guinea" to "Ghana", but this is less certain. The Ghana Empire is named after the Medieval trading city of "Ghanah" mentioned already by 11th-century Arab geographers (e.g. al-Bakri), but it is used distinctly from "Genewah" by Arab sources (e.g. they would say "Ghanah in the country of Genewah"). Conversely, it remains possible that both Ghana and Djenné themselves owe their original city names to the Berber appellation for the blacks that lived there. A possible reconciliation of the theories is that the Berber "Ghinawen" (blacks) was the source of the "Djenné" (city), which in turn gave rise to the Arabic "Genewah" (land dominated by that city), which finally made it into the Portuguese "Guiné".


title: Guinea (region)

text: In 1478 (during the War of the Castilian Succession), a Castilian armada of thirty-five caravels and a Portuguese fleet fought the battle of Guinea in the waters off Elmina, for the hegemony of the Guinea trade (gold, ivory and black pepper). The war ended both with a Portuguese naval victory and the official recognition by the Catholic Monarchs of the Portuguese sovereignty over most of the African territories in dispute (Treaty of Alcáçovas, 1479). This was the first of many colonial wars among European powers. After the Portuguese and Castilians came the Dutch, French, and British.


title: Guinea (region)

text: The extensive trade in ivory, gold, and slaves made the region wealthy, with a number of centralized kingdoms developing in the 18th and 19th centuries. These were much smaller than the large states of the wide-open Sahel, but they had far higher population densities and were more centralized politically. The cohesion of these kingdoms caused the region to show more resistance to European incursions than other areas of Africa. Such resistance, combined with a disease environment hostile to Europeans, meant that much of Guinea was not colonised by Europeans until the very end of the 19th century.


title: Guinea (region)

text: Guinea is often subdivided into "Lower Guinea" and "Upper Guinea". Lower Guinea is one of the most densely populated regions of Africa, covering southern Nigeria, Benin, Togo and stretching into Ghana. It includes the coastal regions as well as the interior. Upper Guinea is far less densely populated and stretches from Côte d'Ivoire to Senegal.


title: Guinea (region)

text: Within the Republic of Guinea, Lower Guinea refers to the country's coastal plain, while Upper Guinea refers to the country's interior.


title: Guinea (region)

text: European traders in the region subdivided the region based on its main exports. The eastern portion around Benin and Nigeria was named the Slave Coast. What is now Ghana was called the (British) Gold Coast, a name later given to a British colony in the area which ultimately absorbed earlier European colonies. West of this was the Ivory Coast, still the name of the nation in that region. Farthest west, the area around modern Liberia and Sierra Leone was referred to as either the Pepper Coast or the Grain Coast.


title: Marginal product of labor

text: In economics, the marginal product of labor (MP) is the change in output that results from employing an added unit of labor. It is a feature of the production function, and depends on the amounts of physical capital and labor already in use.


title: Marginal product of labor

text: The marginal product of a factor of production is generally defined as the change in output resulting from a unit or infinitesimal change in the quantity of that factor used, holding all other input usages in the production process constant.


title: Marginal product of labor

text: The marginal product of labor is then the change in output ("Y") per unit change in labor ("L"). In discrete terms the marginal product of labor is:


title: Marginal product of labor

text: There is a factory which produces toys. When there are no workers in the factory, no toys are produced. When there is one worker in the factory, six toys are produced per hour. When there are two workers in the factory, eleven toys are produced per hour. There is a marginal product of labor of five when there are two workers in the factory compared to one. When the marginal product of labor is increasing, this is called increasing marginal returns. However, as the number of workers increases, the marginal product of labor may not increase indefinitely. When not scaled properly, the marginal product of labor may go down when the number of employees goes up, creating a situation known as diminishing marginal returns. When the marginal product of labor becomes negative, it is known as negative marginal returns.


title: Marginal product of labor

text: The marginal product of labor is directly related to costs of production. Costs are divided between fixed and variable costs. Fixed costs are costs that relate to the fixed input, capital, or "rK", where "r" is the rental cost of capital and "K" is the quantity of capital. Variable costs (VC) are the costs of the variable input, labor, or "wL", where "w" is the wage rate and "L" is the amount of labor employed. Thus, VC = wL . Marginal cost (MC) is the change in total cost per unit change in output or ∆C/∆Q. In the short run, production can be varied only by changing the variable input. Thus only variable costs change as output increases: ∆C = ∆VC = ∆(wL). Marginal cost is ∆(Lw)/∆Q. Now, ∆L/∆Q is the reciprocal of the marginal product of labor (∆Q/∆L). Therefore, marginal cost is simply the wage rate w divided by the marginal product of labor


title: Marginal product of labor

text: Thus if the marginal product of labor is rising then marginal costs will be falling and if the marginal product of labor is falling marginal costs will be rising (assuming a constant wage rate).


title: Marginal product of labor

text: The average product of labor (APL) is the total product of labor divided by the number of units of labor employed, or "Q/L". The average product of labor is a common measure of labor productivity. The AP curve is shaped like an inverted “u”. At low production levels the AP tends to increase as additional labor is added. The primary reason for the increase is specialization and division of labor. At the point the AP reaches its maximum value AP equals the MP. Beyond this point the AP falls.


title: Marginal product of labor

text: During the early stages of production MP is greater than AP. When the MP is above the AP the AP will increase. Eventually the "MP" reaches it maximum value at the point of diminishing returns. Beyond this point MP will decrease. However, at the point of diminishing returns the MP is still above the AP and AP will continue to increase until MP equals AP. When MP is below AP, AP will decrease.


title: Marginal product of labor

text: Graphically, the "AP" curve can be derived from the total product curve by drawing secants from the origin that intersect (cut) the total product curve. The slope of the secant line equals the average product of labor, where the slope = dQ/dL. The slope of the curve at each intersection marks a point on the average product curve. The slope increases until the line reaches a point of tangency with the total product curve. This point marks the maximum average product of labor. It also marks the point where MP (which is the slope of the total product curve) equals the AP (the slope of the secant). Beyond this point the slope of the secants become progressively smaller as "AP" declines. The MP curve intersects the AP curve from above at the maximum point of the AP curve. Thereafter, the MP curve is below the AP curve.


title: Marginal product of labor

text: The falling MP is due to the law of diminishing marginal returns. The law states, "as units of one input are added (with all other inputs held constant) a point will be reached where the resulting additions to output will begin to decrease; that is marginal product will decline." The law of diminishing marginal returns applies regardless of whether the production function exhibits increasing, decreasing ,or constant returns to scale. The key factor is that the variable input is being changed while all other factors of production are being held constant. Under such circumstances diminishing marginal returns are inevitable at some level of production.


title: Marginal product of labor

text: Diminishing marginal returns differs from diminishing returns. Diminishing marginal returns means that the marginal product of the variable input is falling. Diminishing returns occur when the marginal product of the variable input is negative. That is when a unit increase in the variable input causes total product to fall. At the point that diminishing returns begin the MP is zero.


title: Marginal product of labor

text: The general rule is that a firm maximizes profit by producing that quantity of output where marginal revenue equals marginal costs. The profit maximization issue can also be approached from the input side. That is, what is the profit maximizing usage of the variable input? To maximize profits the firm should increase usage "up to the point where the input’s marginal revenue product equals its marginal costs". So, mathematically the profit maximizing rule is MRP = MC. The marginal profit per unit of labor equals the marginal revenue product of labor minus the marginal cost of labor or Mπ = MRP − MCA firm maximizes profits where Mπ = 0.


title: Marginal product of labor

text: The marginal revenue product is the change in total revenue per unit change in the variable input assume labor. That is, MRP = ∆TR/∆L. MRP is the product of marginal revenue and the marginal product of labor or MRP = MR × MP.


title: Marginal product of labor

text: In the aftermath of the marginal revolution in economics, a number of economists including John Bates Clark and Thomas Nixon Carver sought to derive an ethical theory of income distribution based on the idea that workers were morally entitled to receive a wage exactly equal to their marginal product. In the 20th century, marginal productivity ethics found few supporters among economists, being criticised not only by egalitarians but by economists associated with the Chicago school such as Frank Knight (in "The Ethics of Competition") and the Austrian School, such as Leland Yeager. However, marginal productivity ethics were defended by George Stigler.


title: Marginal product of labor

text: A "Review of Economics and Economic Methodology" argues against pay to their marginal product to pay equal to the amount of their labor input"." This is known as the Labor theory of value. Marx characterizes the value of labor as a relationship between the person and things and how the perceived exchange of products is viewed socially. Alejandro Valle Baeza and Blanca Gloria Martínez González, Researchers compared productivity levels from countries that pay based of the marginal productivity and labor theory. The found that across countries, marginal productivity is more widely used than labor value, but when they measured productivity based on labor value, "productivity changes not only because of savings in both living labor and means of production, but it is also modified by changes in the productivity of these means of production."


title: 2022–23 Aston Villa F.C. season

text: The 2022–23 season is the 148th season in the existence of Aston Villa Football Club and the club's fourth consecutive season in the Premier League. In addition to the league, they will also compete in the FA Cup and the EFL Cup. The season covers the period from 1 July 2022 to 30 June 2023.


title: 2022–23 Aston Villa F.C. season

text: In April 2022, Aston Villa announced they would travel to Australia on a pre-season tour to compete in the Queensland Champions Cup, where they faced Leeds United and Brisbane Roar. They also competed in ICON Festival of Football during the stay in Australia where they would come up against Manchester United. On 24 May 2022, Aston Villa announced two further friendlies away at Rennes and the traditional friendly at Walsall. On 10 June, local non-league club Chasetown announced that they would be having a pre-season friendly against a Villa XI. Later friendlies against Leamington and Hednesford Town were announced for those players that did not make the journey to Australia.


title: 2022–23 Aston Villa F.C. season

text: On 11 November 2022, Aston Villa announced a friendly had been organised with Villarreal on 15 December, in order to help both teams to prepare for the resumption of the league after the 2022 FIFA World Cup. A "competitive first-team friendly" was also organised between Aston Villa and Cardiff City to help those players who were not going to the World Cup retain their fitness. However, the main purpose of this match was to act as a memorial match for Peter Whittingham, who passed away in 2020 at the age of 35, and who played for both teams. Proceeds from ticket sales for the match were to be donated to charities chosen by Whittingham's family. On 24 November, Villa announced one more friendly, in the United Arab Emirates, against Chelsea for the Al Wahda FC Challenge Cup. On 1 December, Villa announced a further UAE friendly, this one a behind-closed-doors match against Brighton & Hove Albion.


title: 2022–23 Aston Villa F.C. season

text: ! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Players transferred or loaned out during the season


title: String cheese

text: String cheese is any of several different types of cheese where the manufacturing process aligns the proteins in the cheese, which makes it stringy.


title: String cheese

text: When mozzarella is heated to 60 °C (140 °F) and then stretched, the milk proteins line up. It is possible to peel strings or strips from the larger cheese.


title: String cheese

text: In Slovakia, korbáčiky is made, which is a salty sheep milk cheese, available smoked or unsmoked. It is traditionally made by hand-pulling steamed sheep's cheese into strings and braiding them. Cow milk versions are also available.


title: String cheese

text: In Turkey, the most common type of string cheese is dil peyniri ("tongue cheese"), a fresh white cheese made from cow's milk, traditionally in the provinces of Bilecik and Bursa. The stringy texture of dil becomes even more prominent when the cheese is melted.


title: String cheese

text: In Armenia, traditional string cheese, chechil, is made with a white base. The type of milk used usually comes from an aged goat or sheep depending upon the production methods of the area of choice. It is seasoned with black cumin and mahleb, and is traditionally sold in the form of a braided endless loop. The cheese forms into strings due to how it is pulled during processing. It is also made in Syria and Turkey, both countries with significant Armenian populations.


title: String cheese

text: In Georgia and Russia string cheese is known as tenili (, ). It is made from fermented sheep's milk and cream allowed to mature for 60 days in a salted and dried veal stomach.


title: String cheese

text: Cheestrings became a popular snack in the UK and Republic of Ireland soon after their introduction in 1996. They are made from real cheese, not processed cheese, by Kerry Group and the mascot is a cartoon character called Mr Strings.


title: String cheese

text: Cheestrings are currently available in Original (a cheese akin to mozzarella) and the two-colour Twisted variety. Discontinued flavours include cheddar, smoky bacon, and pizza, with the pizza flavour being reintroduced in May 2021 to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Cheestrings.


title: String cheese

text: Kerry exports Gouda Cheestrings from Charleville, County Cork to the Netherlands, and a Gouda-Emmental mix to France, where the product is known as Ficello. Low cost imitations of the original cheddar Cheestrings were formerly manufactured in the UK by Tesco, Dairylea, and currently by Dunnes Stores. An item in the product range of the original Kerry Cheestrings, known as Attack-A-Snack (a rival to Dairylea Lunchables), packaged with a tortilla wrap or cracker, sachet of tomato ketchup, and piece of processed ham has been available from the late 90s.


title: String cheese

text: In Mexico, the first type of string cheese was invented in 1885 by Leobarda Castellanos García at 14 years old. A very popular type of string cheese called Quesillo is sold today in balls of various sizes. It is also known as "Queso Oaxaca" or Oaxaca cheese referred to the place of origin it was invented, and now it's widely popular in all Mexican territories.


title: String cheese

text: In the United States, string cheese generally refers to snack-sized servings of low-moisture mozzarella. This form of string cheese is roughly cylindrical, about 6 inches (15 cm) long and less than 1 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter. The common term is a "cheese stick" which is cut and packaged, either individually or as a package of several lengths.


title: String cheese

text: The cheese used is commonly a form of mozzarella, or a combination of mozzarella and cheddar. This type of string cheese gets its name because it can be eaten by pulling strips of cheese from the cylinder along its length and eating these strings. It was invented in 1976 by Frank Baker.


title: String cheese

text: In Australia, string cheese is sold by Bega Cheese and is called Bega Stringers. String cheese can also be sold in a can. In the Marquesas Islands, a popular variety of string cheese is made from breadfruit proteins and buffalo milk, and is marketed under the brand Sea King String.


title: Velliangiri Mountains

text: The Velliangiri Mountains, (Tamil: வெள்ளியங்கிரி மலை) a part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, are situated at the Western Ghats of Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu. Known as the "Sapthagiri, 7 Hills (Tamil: சப்தகிரி, ஏழுமலை) - Seven Mountains", these mountains are held and revered on par with spiritually most powerful place on the planet - Mount Kailash, the legendary abode of Lord Shiva. On the top of the Velliangiri Mountains, Shiva is worshipped as Swayambhu, one who is self-created and in this form, he graces the devotees.


title: Velliangiri Mountains

text: The Velliangiri hills form a major range in the Western Ghats in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The seven hills with altitudes ranging from 520 m – 1840 m are bordered by the plains of Coimbatore district to the east, the Palakad district of Kerala on the western boundary, the Nilgiri mountains to the north, and the Siruvani hills on the southern boundary. The annual rainfall is quite variable in the hills (500 mm – 7000 mm) with temperatures ranging from 0 °C during winter to 41 °C in the summer. Many seasonal rivers such as the Neelivaikal, Mayar or Andisunai traverse the hilly landscape. The Noyyal river originating from Velliangiri hills is one of the major tributaries of the Cauvery, which irrigates about 100,000 of hectares of agricultural land in the plains. The Velliangiri hills watershed feeds into the Siruvani dam, which is the main drinking water supply for 1,500,000 people in the urban centre of Coimbatore.


title: Velliangiri Mountains

text: Vegetation is predominantly dry deciduous forests of foothills, second and third mount have evergreen forest and last four belt up shola forest types.


title: Velliangiri Mountains

text: As per the Kachiappar Perur Purana, Lord Shiva in the hill of Kailayam (Mount Kailash), was worshipped by Lord Vishnu-Komuni. The gracious Lord Shiva appeared before him and asked, "What is your wish?" "My eyes have not seen your dance of grace (Aananda Thaandava). So I wish to see that, said Vishnu. Lord Shiva said: "The two sages Patanjali and Vyaghrapada have performed some of their virtues, and I showed them my dance in Vellinangiri.(Om Nama Shivaya)


title: Velliangiri Mountains

text: In the same way, Lord Vishnu obeyed the command of the Lord Shiva, wearing the Rudraksham, Lord Vishnu went to the southwest of Velliangiri hills and worshipped Lord Shiva.


title: Velliangiri Mountains

text: As per a legend, Vayu Bhaghvan and Adiseshan had a dispute to find out who is superior, to prove the superiority adiseshan encircled the Kailasam, Vayu tried to remove this encircle by creating santamarutham (Twister). Because of the santamarutham, 8 kodumudigal (parts) fell from kailasam into 8 different places which are Thirugonamalai (Trincomalee), Thirukalahasti, Thiruchiramalai, Thiruenkoimalai, Velliangiri Mountains at Tamil Nadu, Neerthagiri, Ratnagiri, and Swethagiri or Thirupangeeli.


title: Velliangiri Mountains

text: Normally pilgrimage to a place is unlike trekking. Even today going for Kailash is not possible for many. So in this sense, Thenkailaya yatra has become significant and great possibility for one.


title: Velliangiri Mountains

text: Of all the mountain shrines in Tamil Nadu, the Shiva temple of Velliangiri in the western boundary is considered to be the most famous. Known as Rajathagiri, Velliangiri, Dakshin Kailash or Bhoolok Kailash, this sacred spot, according to legend, is where Shiva performed his cosmic dance on the request of his consort Umadevi. The five faces of Lord Shiva, Brahma, Vishnu, Rudra, Maheshwara and Sadasiva, are seen as Panchagiri and as Panchalingas pertaining to the panchabhutas, in Velliangiri. The hill ranges have abundant natural resources, which include rare herbs.


title: Velliangiri Mountains

text: Lord Panchalingesa and his Consort Manonmani amman alias Parvathi, bestow their grace on the devotees who throng here annually between February and May. Women between 10 and 50 years of age are not permitted to climb up the mountains. There is a plan to provide shelters and temporary toilets near Andisunnai for the devotees during the season.


title: Velliangiri Mountains

text: The Transport Corporation ply buses between Coimbatore (Gandhi Puram) and Poondi every day. Special bus services are available during festive occasions like Maha Shivrathri. Coimbatore is on the international circuit with flights connecting it to Singapore and Sharjah. On the domestic front it is well connected to Kozhikode, Chennai, Kochi, Bangalore, Mumbai, and Delhi by both rail and road.


title: Velliangiri Mountains

text: The season that are suitable for trekking this mountain is between mid Feb to mid May (in Tamil months maasi, panguni and chitirai), Entry is restricted by the forest department in the other months. Although entry is said to be given by forest department on new moon day and full moon day upon prior request. We have to be careful about Elephants near Bamboo Trees and other animals.


title: Velliangiri Mountains

text: During the season there is forest check post at the base camp to filter the plastics which will harm the wild animals. Its good to support the forest people for checking and collect some thrown away plastics back from the hills.


title: Crouch End

text: Crouch End is an area of North London, approximately from the City of London in the western half of the borough of Haringey. It is within the Hornsey postal district (N8). It has been described by the BBC as one of "a new breed of urban villages" in London.


title: Crouch End

text: Crouch End lies between Harringay to the east; Hornsey, Muswell Hill and Wood Green to the north; Finsbury Park, Stroud Green and Archway to the south; and Highgate to the west. It is located north of Charing Cross and from the City of London.


title: Crouch End

text: The name Crouch End is derived from Middle English. A "crouch" meant cross while an "end" referred to an outlying area. Some think that this refers to the borders of the parish, in other words, the area where the influence of the parish ends.


title: Crouch End

text: Its name has been recorded as Crouchend (1465), Crowchende (1480), the Crouche Ende (1482), and Crutche Ende (1553). In 1593, it was recorded as "Cruch End".


title: Crouch End

text: Crouch End was the junction of four locally important roads. A wooden cross was erected at the junction of these roads, roughly where the Clock Tower now stands, and a small settlement developed around it. Crouch End developed as an early centre of cultivation for Hornsey, and was where the farmsteads seem to have been grouped.


title: Crouch End

text: From the later part of the eighteenth century, Crouch End, along with most of Hornsey, became home to wealthy London merchants seeking a refuge from the City. However, the area remained rural in character until around 1880. The development of the railway changed the area significantly. By 1887 there were seven railway stations in the area. By the end of the 19th century, Crouch End had become a prosperous middle-class suburb due to an influx of mainly clerical workers who could easily commute to the city. The large old houses were replaced by comfortable middle-class housing, public parks were created, and a number of new roads and avenues, such as Elder Avenue and Weston Park, were laid out.


title: Crouch End

text: It expanded greatly in the late Victorian period and most of its present-day streets were built up in the late 19th century. By the mid-1930s Crouch End had a popular shopping centre that included a music hall in the middle of Topsfield Parade.


title: Crouch End

text: Until 1965 it was administratively part of the Municipal Borough of Hornsey and that body's forerunners. In 1965, when local government in London was reorganised, Hornsey merged with the boroughs of Wood Green and Tottenham, and Crouch End became part of the London Borough of Haringey.


title: Crouch End

text: In the post-war years, the London-wide provision of social housing led to the building of council homes in and around Crouch End, Hornsey Vale and Hornsey itself. Many of the older houses in the area lay empty post-war and many were bought cheaply by speculative landlords who then let them out to the growing student populations of the Mountview and Hornsey Art College as well as to artists and musicians, who flocked to the area because of cheap rents.


title: Crouch End

text: The area became known as student bedsit land for several decades into the early 1980s until rising house prices changed the social profile of the area and progressively wealthier residents moved in. These social changes were accompanied by changes in the shop types over the period; the change brought a large number of estate agents, hairdressers, restaurants and cafes. However, Crouch End retains a varied selection of traditional high street retailers including a Post Office and stationer, two butchers, a fishmonger, two grocers, three bakers, two bookshops, four children's shops, over 30 places to buy a cup of coffee, eight pubs and two cinemas.


title: Crouch End

text: There is no single figure that provides the demographic profile for Crouch End. As defined by the recent public-council conversation around the setting up of the Crouch End neighbourhood Forum, the neighbourhood is made up of parts of four wards. Between a half and two thirds of the area is formed by Crouch End ward. Its demographics in the 2011 census were as follows:


title: Crouch End

text: Among its more prominent buildings is the modernistic Hornsey Town Hall, built by the Municipal Borough of Hornsey as their seat of government in 1933–35. It is now a Grade II* listed building, one of about 21,767. The architect was the New Zealand-born Reginald Uren. The interior and exterior have been used several times as a location by the BBC series "The Hour", written by Abi Morgan, and other TV and films, including a scene in "The Crown". The building is about to undergo renovation and conversion into a hotel, apartments and an arts centre by the Far East Consortium.


title: Crouch End

text: The red-brick Clock Tower has become a much-loved icon of Crouch End. Designed by the architect Frederick Knight, it was originally built as a memorial to Henry Reader Williams in 1895. Williams was Chairman of the local authority of Hornsey from 1880–1894, and played a key part in shaping the district, in particular campaigning against developers for the preservation of Highgate Wood and Queen's Wood. He also paved the way for the purchase of Alexandra Palace and Park by a consortium of local authorities in 1901. After Williams's retirement the newly designated Hornsey Urban District Council decided to erect a clock tower to celebrate his achievements.


title: Crouch End

text: Out of the estimated cost of £1200, £900 was raised by public subscription. On 23 June 1895 a ceremony was held for its unveiling. The Broadway was hung with flags, and the Tower connected to nearby houses with festoons. Over a thousand people assembled, and at noon the Earl of Stafford, Lord-Lieutenant of Middlesex, released a blue ribbon hanging from the belfry and the clock struck its first notes. The bronze sculpture of the head of Williams was created by Alfred Gilbert, who also designed Eros in Piccadilly Circus.


title: Crouch End

text: The Crouch End Hippodrome originally opened on Tottenham Lane in July 1897 as the Queen's Opera House with a production of "The Geisha". The theatre was a reconstruction of the former Crouch End Athenaeum, and was built for the owners and managers H. H. Morell and Frederick Mouillot (who at the time owned another 17 theatres between them). It held an audience of 1,500 people. In 1907, it was renamed the Hippodrome and became a popular music hall. During a bombing raid in 1940 it was very badly damaged. It is now a Virgin Active gym.


title: Crouch End

text: In 1880 an art school was established by Charles Swinstead, an artist and teacher who lived at Crouch End. It became "an iconic British art institution, renowned for its experimental and progressive approach to art and design education". In May 1968, as Hornsey College of Art, it was occupied by students as a protest against the ideology of art education and teaching in Britain. The occupation, soon joined by others around the country, and linked with similar events in Paris, offered a major critique of the education system at the time.


title: Crouch End

text: After the authorities regained control, known as the "night of the dogs", sympathetic lecturers and students who had taken part (including Tom Nairn and Kim Howells) were dismissed. Later the college was merged with Middlesex Polytechnic, now University, in the 1970s. Subsequently, it was relocated to a Middlesex campus at Alexandra Palace and the lease of the building taken over by the TUC, which used it as its national training centre. In 2005 Haringey Council took it over, extending and converting the building in order to enlarge Coleridge Primary School.


title: Crouch End

text: There are three state secondary schools serving the N8 Crouch End area. Highgate Wood School in Montenotte Road is a nine form entry mixed school. Highgate Wood School was the senior school to the former Crouch End School based on the corner of Wolseley Road and Park Road, opposite the Maynard Arms. Hornsey School for Girls in Inderwick Road is the only single sex school in N8. In Hornsey, there is the Greig City Academy (formerly St David and St Katherines). Further away Heartlands High School which lies between Wood Green and Alexandra Palace was opened by Haringey in 2010; despite not being in Crouch End it is close enough to provide additional provision. St Thomas More Catholic School, Wood Green is the only Roman Catholic secondary school in the London Borough of Haringey.


title: Crouch End

text: Over 6,000 children school in the area, approx 2,300 in primary schools and 3,700 in secondary schools (11-18).


title: Crouch End

text: Kestrel House is an independent special school for pupils with autistic spectrum conditions and additional learning and behavioural needs. The vast majority of pupils are referred by local authorities in London and the Home Counties who pay the fees. It is housed in the former Mountview Theatre School premises at the north end of Crouch Hill -the end nearest Crouch End Broadway. Also in the independent (fee paying sector) are Highgate School and Channing School, both used by parents in Crouch End but located in Highgate.


title: Crouch End

text: There are a number of primary schools serving Crouch End (seven in total within the N8 postcode): Weston Park, Rokesly School, Coleridge Primary School at the top of Crouch End Hill near the border with Islington, St Aidans in Stroud Green (not N8), St Gildas and St Peter-in Chains, just off Crouch Hill and St Mary's in Hornsey. Campsbourne Primary School on Nightingale Lane, North Harringay Primary School on Falkland Road and Ashmount Primary School. Ashmount was until December 2012 on the south side of Hornsey Lane, in Islington and in the N19 postal district, but only meters from Haringey. (The border between Haringey and Islington runs down Hornsey Lane.) The school moved January 2013 to a new building in Crouch Hill Park adjacent to the Parkland Walk in N8.


title: Crouch End

text: There are many nursery schools in the area, including Bright Horizons, Creative Explorers, Starshine, Keiki and MTO.


title: Crouch End

text: Hornsey Library is located on Haringey Park, N8. The Grade II listed building is on a site adjoining the south side of Hornsey Town Hall. It has recently had a major refurbishment and now has a silent cinema and an immersive digital room adjoining the children's library.


title: Crouch End

text: The library contains a large book stock, DVDs, provides free access to the Internet, meeting rooms for adult education classes, the Original Gallery for art exhibitions, literary groups and performers. There is also a children's library, where events for pre-school children take place.


title: Crouch End

text: Permanent artwork includes the engraved Hornsey Window by Fred Mitchell, and a bronze sculpture outside by Huxley-Jones. The library contains the Community and Youth Music Library, one of largest collections of music sets in the country. Owned by a charitable company, it was started over 100 years ago and is now located semi-permanently at Hornsey Library.


title: Crouch End

text: In 2022 it was one of 4 centres of the Crouch End Festival, with almost 20 events covering arts, culture, and a live street art event, the Crouch End Festival


title: Crouch End

text: To the immediate west, lies Highgate Wood, and the adjacent Queen's Wood, as well as a large expanse of playing fields. To the north is Alexandra Park and to the south Finsbury Park. The Parkland Walk, a former railway line, makes a circuitous connection part of the way between these two parks. Other parks in the area include Stationers' Park, Priory Park and Parkland Walk which is in both Haringey and Islington.


title: Crouch End

text: The Neighbourhood Forum, set up in response to the government initiatives under the heading "localism". The forum is formally recognised by the London Borough of Haringey as representative of Crouch End. One of the first tasks of the forum was to define the boundaries of Crouch End. The forum's main task is to produce a neighbourhood plan.


title: Crouch End

text: Founded in 1971, the HHS has over 400 members and is based in the old school house on the boundary between Hornsey and Crouch End by Holy Innocents. The HHS was originally formed to research, preserve and promote the history of the parish of Hornsey, and from 1983 included the area covered by the parliamentary constituency of Hornsey and Wood Green. They have over 21,000 items including articles, books, documents & manuscripts, local newspapers, maps, photographs, postcards and video memories. They also sell books on the local history and organise talks.


title: Crouch End

text: Crouch End has long been associated with creativity, especially since the 1970s when many artists, musicians, film and TV makers, animators and performers of all kinds flocked here due to cheap rents. According to Haringey Council, a higher than average proportion of the population work in the creative industries. The Evening Standard states that locals like to call the area "London’s Creative Village", and that "ever since the heady days of student protests at nearby Hornsey College of Art in 1968, Crouch End has had an arty reputation".


title: Crouch End

text: Crouch End is the home of the symphonic choir, Crouch End Festival Chorus. The choir has worked with many classical and popular music artists including Ennio Morricone, Noel Gallagher, Andrea Bocelli, Katherine Jenkins. It has recorded with Lesley Garrett, Bryn Terfel, Ray Davies, Alfie Boe, EMI Classics and Classic FM, performed at The Proms in the Royal Albert Hall on several occasions and recorded works for film, television and sound track recording. Amongst those is the soundtrack for "Doctor Who". It also commissions works from modern composers on its own account.


title: Crouch End

text: The Crouch End Festival was launched in May 2012 by Chris Arnold, Robin Stevenson and Marice Cumber. It originally started as a Facebook site, Crouch End Creatives. It includes art exhibitions, drama, dance, film, poetry, photography, fringe, music, an outdoor cinema, introduced by Peter Bradshaw. The festival features over 200 artists plus 14 schools, 6 churches and numerous community groups across over 60 venues and was described by the "Ham & High Broadway" as "London's own mini Edinburgh Festival".


title: Crouch End

text: The Church Studios is a recording studio located in the former Park Chapel in Crouch End. The Chapel was turned into a studio in 1984 by Dave Stewart and Annie Lennox of Eurythmics, who used it to record Eurythmics' sophomore album Sweet Dreams. David Gray acquired ownership in 2004 before UK leading music producer Paul Epworth bought and refurbished the studio in 2013. It has since been used by notable artists such as Adele, Beyoncé, Mumford & Sons, U2, Coldplay and Madonna.


title: Crouch End

text: In the early 1980s part of the old church on Crouch Hill was converted for use as a studio by Bob Bura and John John Hardwick, the animators who worked on Camberwick Green, Captain Pugwash and Trumpton. It was named The Church Studios, and in the 1990s the space was rented to Dave Stewart and Annie Lennox of the Eurythmics (but at the time was in the Tourists). Dave and Annie worked and rehearsed in the Spanish Moon record shop, and lived in the flat above from 76-80, opposite what is now the Co-op.


title: Crouch End

text: In the 1990s Bob Dylan worked on an album in the studio, and became so fond of the area he looked for a property in Crouch End. He was a regular at the now-closed Shamrat Indian restaurant.


title: Crouch End

text: Hornsey Station is to the north of Crouch End. Harringay Station is to the east. to the south is Finsbury Park Station. All three are managed and served by Great Northern.


title: Crouch End

text: The Gospel Oak to Barking line runs to the south of Crouch End. London Overground trains running along the line call at Crouch Hill station, from the centre of Crouch End. The London Overground links the area directly to Upper Holloway and Gospel Oak in the west, and to Harringay, South Tottenham, Walthamstow, and Barking in the east.


title: Crouch End

text: The Parkland Walk runs along the southern rim of Crouch End. The Parkland Walk is a shared use path for both pedestrians and cyclists. Westbound, the path links the area to Highgate, whilst in the east, the route ends in Finsbury Park. The path runs predominantly in a cutting through Crouch End, so for cyclists, wheelchair users, and pushchairs, step-free access ramps are provided. Step-free access to Parkland Walk can be found near the summit of Crouch Hill.


title: Heonjong of Joseon

text: Heonjong of Joseon (8 September 1827 – 25 July 1849) was the 24th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. He was the grandson of Sunjo. His father was Crown Prince Hyomyeong (posthumously named Munjo of Joseon), who died at the age of 20 before becoming king and his mother was Queen Sinjeong of the Pungyang Jo clan. Heonjong was born three-years before Hyomyeong's death.


title: Heonjong of Joseon

text: Yi Hwan was born to Crown Princess Jo and Crown Prince Hyomyeong on 8 September 1827 in Gyeongchunjeon (경춘전, 景春殿) within Changdeok Palace. It was said that when the day before he was born, she dreamt of giving her son a box containing a tree carved with jade, and on the day of his birth, a group of cranes flew from the front room and went around for a long time. She and the others considered it to be strange. The young Heonjong ascended to the throne in 1834 at the age of 7 after his grandfather, King Sunjo, died. Like King Sunjo, Heonjong took the throne at a young age and his grandmother, Queen Sunwon served as queen regent. Although King Heonjong ascended to the throne, he had no political control over Joseon. When Heonjong reached adulthood, Queen Sunwon refused to give up control. In 1840, the control over the kingdom was then handed down to the Andong Kim clan, the family of his grandmother Queen Sunwon, following the anti-Catholic Gihae persecution of 1839.


title: Heonjong of Joseon

text: King Heonjong died after reigning for 15 years in 1849 at the age of 21. He was buried at the Gyeongneung tomb within the Donggureung Tomb Cluster in Seoul, where several kings and queens of the Joseon Dynasty were buried, with Queen Hyohyeon and Queen Hyojeong. As King Heonjong died without an heir, the throne passed to a distant descendant of King Yeongjo, King Cheoljong.


title: Heonjong of Joseon

text: As was customary with the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, the chronicle of Heonjong's reign was compiled after his death, in 1851. The compilation of the 16-volume chronicle was supervised by Jo In-yeong, her mother's uncle.


title: Steeplejack

text: A steeplejack is a craftsman who scales buildings, chimneys, and church steeples to carry out repairs or maintenance.


title: Steeplejack

text: Steeplejacks erect ladders on church spires, industrial chimneys, cooling towers, bell towers, clock towers, or any other high structure. In the UK, steeplejacks now use a belay rope fall-arrest system (similar to the method used by rock climbers) attached to the ladders as they are erected to eliminate solo climbing and greatly reduce the risk of falls from height.


title: Steeplejack

text: Once ladders have been erected, the next stage is usually to suspend a bosun's chair (a strong wooden plank on which the steeplejack can sit, pull themselves upwards or lower themselves downwards, or sit in a stationary position), but abseiling (UK) or rappelling (US) equipment is replacing the bosun's chair on many operations because of its lighter weight.


title: Steeplejack

text: Once this has been done it is possible to use this access to begin building scaffolding to carry out any repairs which may be required. This is done by fixing anchors into the wall (whether concrete, stone, or brick) and "kicking" the scaffolding off from there.


title: Steeplejack

text: It is also possible to carry out repairs from "suspended access cradles". These are the same type of rig window cleaners use on skyscrapers. The cradle is suspended from four wires. Two of these run through an electric motor which can "climb" or "descend" the wire, and the other two run freely through a box which allows the cradle to travel upwards with no obstruction, but will stop it instantly if it starts to fall. These "suspended access cradles" are popularly called "swing stages" by their crews.


title: Steeplejack

text: Steeplejacks are called upon to repair or replace masonry (brick, stone or concrete), carry out general carpentry or painting or roof repair, remove and clean and repair windows, as well as sandblasting and other masonry cleaning tasks.


title: Steeplejack

text: In Ontario, Canada, many steeplejacks are represented by Local 598 of the OPCMIA union (Operative Plasterers and Cement Masons International Association of the United States and Canada), and are required to complete a five-year apprenticeship.


title: Steeplejack

text: In the UK steeplejack companies may be members of the industry association ATLAS (Association of Technical Lightning and Access Specialists). Britain's most famous steeplejack was Fred Dibnah, who became a television presenter and celebrity as a result of his craft and personality.


title: Geno Atkins

text: Gene "Geno" Raynard Atkins Jr. (born March 28, 1988) is an American football defensive tackle who is a free agent. He played college football at Georgia, and was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the fourth round of the 2010 NFL Draft. Atkins has twice been selected as a first-team All-Pro, once been selected as a second-team All-Pro and is an eight-time Pro Bowler.


title: Geno Atkins

text: Atkins was born in Pembroke Pines, Florida on March 28, 1988. He attended St. Thomas Aquinas in Fort Lauderdale and helped his high school football team to be the Class 5A runners-up in both 2004 and 2005. As a junior at St. Thomas Aquinas in 2004, Atkins had 70 tackles (12 resulted in lost yardage), one interception, and four fumble recoveries. In 2005, during his senior season, he had 117 tackles, 7.5 sacks, four forced fumbles, and two fumble recoveries. Following the season, he was named first-team all-county by the "Sun-Sentinel" and "Miami Herald", first-team Class 5A in the state of Florida and was also named Florida Class 5A Defensive Player of the Year. Coming out of high school, he was rated as the 24th best defensive end in the nation by Rivals.com and 41st best by Scout.com.


title: Geno Atkins

text: In track & field, Atkins was one of the state's top performers in the throwing events. In the discus, he got a PR of 48.35 meters at the 2006 FHSAA 3A Region 4, placing 2nd in the finals. At the 2006 FHSAA 3A-4A Outdoor State Finals, he tied for 1st place in the shot put event, recording a top-throw of 18.01 meters.


title: Geno Atkins

text: Atkins enrolled in the University of Georgia, where he played for coach Mark Richt's Georgia Bulldogs football team from 2006 to 2009. He played as a true freshman, recording nine tackles and 0.5 sacks in 11 games.


title: Geno Atkins

text: In 2007, Atkins saw significant playing time as a backup behind Kade Weston and Jeff Owens. On September 21, Owens said of Atkins's impact, "Geno is doing a heck of a job. He's contributing a lot to the defense. He's leading the defensive line in tackles for loss and I think we're tied in tackles." As of September 29, despite being a backup, Atkins was fourth in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) with six tackles for losses along with a sack. On October 6, Atkins was named the starter over Weston and in only his second game led the team in tackles against Vanderbilt. He became the first defensive tackle to lead the team in tackles in a game since Jason Ferguson did so in 1995 and the first defensive lineman since David Pollack in 2003. Following a game against Kentucky in which he had five tackles, he was named SEC defensive player of the week for the week of November 17. Following, his sophomore season Atkins was named First-team All-SEC, and was the only player for Georgia other than running back Knowshon Moreno to be named to the team.


title: Geno Atkins

text: During the press conference for Hawaii's quarterback Colt Brennan before the Sugar Bowl, Atkins asked for an autograph and took a photo with Brennan. Fellow Georgia defensive lineman Marcus Howard said of Atkins's antics during the press conference, "He was like acting like a groupie. All of us gave him grief for that." Despite getting Brennan's autograph before the game, Atkins sacked him in the fourth quarter, forcing him out of the game.


title: Geno Atkins

text: Two games into the 2008 season, Atkins already had eight tackles and nine quarterback hurries. After the defense as a whole sacked Heisman Trophy winner Tim Tebow of Florida six times, Atkins said, "I think we rattled Tim Tebow and the offense. We wanted to pressure him. No one really works that well under pressure, not even the greatest quarterbacks. You put a little pressure on them, they're bound to flinch." On November 14 against Auburn, Atkins came in on offense and was the lead blocker for Matthew Stafford on a quarterback sneak. In the Capital One Bowl on January 2, 2009, against Michigan State, Atkins had one tackle and two quarterback hurries.


title: Geno Atkins

text: In 2009, Atkins was listed at No. 5 on Rivals.com′s preseason defensive tackle power ranking. He was also named to the 2009 Outland Trophy watch list. In his three years after his freshman season, Atkins racked up 33 sacks, including 15 as a sophomore and 10.5 as a senior.


title: Geno Atkins

text: The Cincinnati Bengals selected Atkins in the fourth round (120th overall) of the 2010 NFL Draft. He was the 12th defensive tackle selected in 2010.


title: Geno Atkins

text: On July 16, 2010, the Cincinnati Bengals signed Atkins to a four-year, US$3.20 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $472,450.


title: Geno Atkins

text: Throughout training camp, he competed against Jonathan Fanene and Pat Sims for the job as the backup defensive tackle. Head coach Marvin Lewis named Atkins the fourth defensive tackle on the depth chart to start the regular season, behind Domata Peko, Tank Johnson, and Pat Sims.


title: Geno Atkins

text: He made his professional regular season debut during the Cincinnati Bengals' season-opening 38–24 loss at the New England Patriots. The following week, he had one assisted tackle and made his first career sack with teammate Michael Johnson in the Bengals' 15–10 victory over the Baltimore Ravens. Atkins and Johnson sacked Joe Flacco for a four-yard loss in the fourth quarter. On November 14, 2010, Atkins recorded a season-high three combined tackles and a half a sack during a 23–17 loss at the Indianapolis Colts. In Week 14, Atkins earned his first career start during a 23–7 loss at the Pittsburgh Steelers. The following week, Atkins collected two combined tackles and made his first career solo sack on quarterback Colt McCoy in their 19–17 win against the Cleveland Browns. He finished his rookie season with 16 combined tackles (ten solo), three sacks, and a pass deflection in 16 games and one start.


title: Geno Atkins

text: Atkins competed for the job as the starting defensive tackle against Tank Johnson in training camp. He received the opportunity after Pat Sims missed training camp and the majority of the preseason after sustaining a knee injury. Defensive coordinator Mike Zimmer decided to name Atkins and Domata Peko the starting defensive tackles after the Bengals opted to release Tank Johnson on August 16, 2011.


title: Geno Atkins

text: He started the Cincinnati Bengals' season-opener at the Cleveland Browns and collected five combined tackles and broke up a pass in their 27–17 victory. On November 20, 2011, Atkins recorded a season-high six combined tackles and a sack in the Bengals' 31–24 loss at the Baltimore Ravens. Atkins finished his second season with a total of 47 combined tackles (26 solo), 7.5 sacks, two pass deflections, and two forced fumbles in 16 games and 15 starts. He led the Bengals with 7.5 sacks and tied Oakland Raiders' Tommy Kelly for the most sacks by a defensive tackle in 2011. Atkins was selected to the 2012 Pro Bowl as an alternate. He was officially named to his first Pro Bowl after New England Patriots' Vince Wilfork was unable to participate due to his appearance in Super Bowl XLVI.


title: Geno Atkins

text: The Cincinnati Bengals received a wildcard berth after finishing third in the AFC North with a 9–7 record. On January 7, 2012, Atkins started his first career playoff game and made four combined tackles and a sack on quarterback Matt Schaub as the Bengals lost 31–10 to the Houston Texans in the AFC Wildcard game.


title: Geno Atkins

text: He returned as the starting defensive tackle alongside Domata Peko to start the season. In Week 4, he recorded three solo tackles and sacked quarterback Blaine Gabbert during a 27–10 victory at the Jacksonville Jaguars. This marked his first career multi-sack game. On November 18, 2012, Atkins collected a season-high six solo tackles, deflected a pass, a sack, and forced two fumbles in the Bengals' 28–6 win at the Kansas City Chiefs. On December 23, 2012, Atkins tied his season-high of six combined tackles, forced a fumble, and sacked Pittsburgh Steelers' quarterback Ben Roethlisberger twice in their 13–10 victory. On December 26, 2012, it was announced that Atkins was voted to the 2013 Pro Bowl and received the second most votes of any defensive tackle in 2012. His 12.5 sacks ranked 15th in most single season sacks in NFL history. Atkins was also a defensive player of the year candidate and received the highest overall grade of any defensive tackle in 2012 from Pro Football Focus.


title: Geno Atkins

text: On September 2, 2013, the Cincinnati Bengals signed Atkins to a five-year, $53.32 million contract that includes a $15 million signing bonus.


title: Geno Atkins

text: On September 29, 2013, Atkins recorded three combined tackles and a season-high 1.5 sacks during a 17–6 loss at the Cleveland Browns. In Week 6, he made a season-high six combined and a half a sack in the Bengals' 27–24 victory at the Buffalo Bills. On October 31, 2013, Atkins recorded two solo tackles and a sack in the Bengals' 22–20 overtime loss at the Miami Dolphins on "Thursday Night Football". He left in the second quarter after sustaining an injury to his leg. On November 1, 2013, the Bengals placed him on injured reserve for the remainder of the season after it was discovered he would have to undergo surgery to repair his torn ACL. He finished the season with 20 combined tackles (nine solo) and six pass deflections in nine games and nine starts.


title: Geno Atkins

text: Assistant coach Paul Guenther was hired to replace Mike Zimmer at defensive coordinator after he departed to accept the head coaching position with the Minnesota Vikings. Guenther retained Atkins and Peko as the starters at defensive tackle to begin the regular season.


title: Geno Atkins

text: In Week 9, he recorded a season-high six combined tackles and deflected a pass during a 33–23 victory over the Jacksonville Jaguars. On November 23, 2014, Atkins made two solo tackles and recorded his first career safety on running back Alfred Blue as the Bengals defeated the Houston Texans 22–13. Atkins finished the season with 34 combined tackles (20 solo), three sacks, a pass deflection, and a safety in 16 games and 16 starts. He was voted as an alternate for the 2015 Pro Bowl. On January 16, 2015, it was announced that Atkins would replace Detroit Lions' defensive tackle Ndamukong Suh in the Pro Bowl due to an injury.


title: Geno Atkins

text: In Week 11, Atkins recorded a season-high four solo tackles and a sack during a 34–31 loss at the Arizona Cardinals. On December 20, 2015, he collected four solo tackles and made a season-high two sacks on San Francisco 49ers' quarterback Colin Kaepernick in their 24–14 victory. He finished the season with 42 combined tackles (31 solo) and a career-high 11 sacks in 16 games and 16 starts. On December 20, 2015, the NFL announced that Atkins had been voted to the 2016 Pro Bowl for the second consecutive year. He was selected as a player captain along with Devonta Freeman, Aaron Donald, and Odell Beckham Jr. The Cincinnati Bengals finished first in the AFC North with a 12–4 record and secured home field advantage. On January 9, 2016, Atkins recorded three solo tackles and sacked quarterback Ben Roethlisberger in the Bengals' 18–16 AFC Wildcard loss to the Pittsburgh Steelers. Atkins was ranked 29th on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016.


title: Geno Atkins

text: Head coach Marvin Lewis named Atkins and Domata Peko the starting defensive tackles for the sixth consecutive season. On December 15, 2016, he collected a season-high six combined tackles and sacked quarterback Robert Griffin III three times in the Bengals' 33–10 victory at the Cleveland Browns. He finished the season with 32 combined tackles (21 solo) and nine sacks in 16 games and 16 starts. On December 20, 2016, it was announced that Atkins was voted to the 2017 Pro Bowl, along with teammate A. J. Green. He was ranked 68th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017. Pro Football Focus gave Atkins the sixth highest overall grade of all qualifying interior defensive linemen in 2016.


title: Geno Atkins

text: Atkins was named the starting defensive tackle, along with Pat Sims who replaced Domata Peko after he departed for the Denver Broncos in free agency. He started the Cincinnati Bengals' season-opener against the Baltimore Ravens and recorded a career-high seven combined tackles and sacked Joe Flacco during a 20–0 loss. The next week, Atkins collected five combined tackles and a season-high two sacks on quarterback Deshaun Watson during a 13–9 loss to the Houston Texans. On December 17, 2017, he made four combined tackles and tied his season-high of two sacks in the Bengals' 34–7 loss at the Minnesota Vikings. On December 19, 2017, Atkins was named to his sixth Pro Bowl. He finished his eighth season in with 46 combined tackles (29 solo) and nine sacks in 16 games and 16 starts. Atkins played in 64 consecutive games and started 60 from 2014 to 2017. Pro Football Focus gave Atkins an overall grade of 91.5, ranking him second with the highest overall grade among interior defensive linemen in 2017. Atkins was ranked 63rd on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2018.


title: Geno Atkins

text: On August 28, 2018, Atkins signed a four-year, $65.3 million contract extension with the Bengals through the 2022 season. After recording a sack in the season-opener against the Indianapolis Colts, he sacked Joe Flacco twice the next week against the Baltimore Ravens on September 13.


title: Geno Atkins

text: In week 3 against the Buffalo Bills, Atkins recorded his first sack of the season on Josh Allen in the 21–17 loss.


title: Geno Atkins

text: On December 16, 2020, Atkins was placed on injured reserve after undergoing shoulder surgery, an injury he had since training camp. He finished the season with only one tackle through eight games.


title: Geno Atkins

text: Atkins married his college sweetheart, Kristen Merritt, on June 25, 2016, at the St. Regis hotel in Buckhead, Atlanta.


title: Geno Atkins

text: During his freshman year at the University of Georgia, Atkins learned he suffers from Sickle cell trait.


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: Rainbow Warrior was a Greenpeace ship involved in campaigns against whaling, seal hunting, nuclear testing and nuclear waste dumping during the late 1970s and early 1980s. The Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure (the French intelligence service) bombed "Rainbow Warrior" in the Port of Auckland, New Zealand on 10 July 1985, sinking the ship and killing photographer Fernando Pereira.


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: "Rainbow Warrior" was commissioned by the UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) as a trawler called "Sir William Hardy". It was built in 1955, in Aberdeen, Scotland. It was later purchased by the environmental organization Greenpeace UK.


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: In 1977 the ship was acquired by Greenpeace UK at a cost of £37,000 and underwent a four-month refit. It was re-launched on 2 May 1978 as "Rainbow Warrior". The ship was named by Greenpeace co-founder Susi Newborn after the book "Warriors of the Rainbow" which she had been given by another Greenpeace co-founder, Robert Hunter. The book's rhetoric included this passage: "The world is sick and dying, the people will rise up like Warriors of the Rainbow". After a series of high-profile campaigns in the North Atlantic, including two escapes from captivity in Spain resulting in the resignation of the Admiral of the Spanish Navy, "Rainbow Warrior" made its way to North America where it underwent modification in 1981 and the fitting of sails in a ketch rig in 1985.


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: In early 1985, "Rainbow Warrior" was in the Pacific Ocean campaigning against nuclear testing. In May, it relocated 300 Marshall Islanders from Rongelap Atoll, which had been polluted by radioactive fallout from past American nuclear tests at the Pacific Proving Grounds.


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: It then travelled to New Zealand to lead a flotilla of yachts protesting against French nuclear testing at the Mururoa Atoll in the Tuamotu Archipelago of French Polynesia. During previous nuclear tests at Mururoa, protest ships had been boarded by French commandos after sailing into the shipping exclusion zone around the atoll. For the 1985 tests, Greenpeace intended to monitor the impact of nuclear tests and place protesters on the island to monitor the blasts.


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: DGSE agent Christine Cabon infiltrated the Auckland offices of the organisation and secretly monitored communications from "Rainbow Warrior", collected maps, and investigated underwater equipment. French agents posing as interested supporters or tourists also toured the ship while it was open to public viewing.


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: "Rainbow Warrior", then captained by Peter Willcox, was sabotaged and sunk just before midnight NZST on 10 July 1985, by two explosive devices attached to the hull by operatives of the French intelligence service (DGSE). One of the twelve people on board, photographer Fernando Pereira, returned to the ship after the first explosion to attempt to retrieve his equipment, and was killed when the ship was sunk by the second, larger explosion.


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: A homicide inquiry began after the arrests of two French agents. The revelations of French involvement caused a political scandal and the French Minister of Defence Charles Hernu resigned. The captured French agents were imprisoned, but later transferred to French custody. They were confined to the French military base on the Island of Hao for a brief period before being released. After facing international pressure, France agreed to pay compensation to Greenpeace, and later admissions from the former head of the DGSE revealed that three teams had carried out the bombings. In addition to those successfully prosecuted, two DGSE divers, Jacques Camurier and Alain Tonel, had carried out the actual bombing, but their identities have never been officially confirmed. On 22 September 1985, the French Prime Minister Laurent Fabius summoned journalists to his office to read a 200-word statement in which he said: "The truth is cruel," and acknowledged there had been a cover-up, he went on to say that "Agents of the French secret service sank this boat. They were acting on orders."


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: Following the sinking, Greenpeace and the French Republic entered into an agreement to submit Greenpeace's claims against France to international arbitration. The arbitral tribunal, seated in Geneva, Switzerland, was composed of three members (Professor Claude Reymond, Sir Owen Woodhouse and Professor Francois Terre) and rendered an award in 1987 in favour of Greenpeace, ordering France to pay it US$8.1 million. David McTaggart, Greenpeace's chairman, described the award as "a great victory for those who support the right of peaceful protest and abhor the use of violence." Greenpeace was represented by Lloyd Cutler and Gary Born of Wilmer Cutler & Pickering.


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: The wreck of "Rainbow Warrior" was refloated on 21 August 1985 and moved to a naval harbour for forensic examination. Although the hull had been recovered, the damage was too extensive for repair and the vessel was scuttled in Matauri Bay in the Cavalli Islands, New Zealand, on 12 December 1987, to serve as a dive wreck and artificial reef to promote marine life. The hull is now covered with a large colony of varicoloured sea anemones. The masts were salvaged and now stand outside the Dargaville Museum. A second ship, also named "Rainbow Warrior", was acquired in 1989 whilst a third ship of the same name was built from scratch and launched in October 2011.


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: Several books have been written about both the history of Greenpeace and the genesis of "Rainbow Warrior". "A Bonfire in my Mouth: Life, Passion and the Rainbow Warrior" by Susi Newborn was published in 2003 and Rex Wyler's "Greenpeace: An Insider's Account. How a Group of Ecologists, Journalists and Visionaries Changed the World" in 2004. In 2014, Pete Wilkinson's book "From Deptford to Antarctica – The Long Way Home" was published.


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: Books that have been published about the bombing of "Rainbow Warrior" include "Eyes of Fire: The Last Voyage of the Rainbow Warrior", which was produced the year after the sinking and written by shipboard author David Robie.


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: Books in French include "L'affaire Greenpeace", in "Les grands énigmes de notre temps", Jacques Derogy, Éditions de Cremille, Geneva, 1990, which notes (at p. 82) that the affair cost France 115 million francs, in addition to being the most serious scandal during the Mitterrand presidency.


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: Documentaries made about "Rainbow Warrior" include "The Rainbow Warriors of Waiheke Island" (2009), "Departure and Return" (2006) and "The Women who Launched the Rainbow" (2005).


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: Several fictionalised films have also been made about the ship, including "The Rainbow Warrior Conspiracy" (1989), "The Rainbow Warrior" (1992), two French films "Opération Rainbow Warrior" and "Le Rainbow Warrior" (both 2006), and "Bombshell" (2016). The Steven Seagal-directed "On Deadly Ground", an action film inspired by Greenpeace's activities, had the working title "Rainbow Warrior".


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: Musicians and bands who have referenced the original "Rainbow Warrior" and the sinking, include the Danish/American band White Lion and their song "Little Fighter", Belgian band Cobalt 60, the New Zealand band The Bats ("Green" on "Silverbeet"), the Irish folk-rock singer Luka Bloom, the Faroese metal band Týr, and the Argentinian metal band Rata Blanca. Geffen Records released a double album, "Greenpeace Rainbow Warriors", in 1989 and included songs from artists such as U2, INXS, The Pretenders, Talking Heads, Peter Gabriel, and White Lion. German punk band Die Toten Hosen also referenced the sinking in their song "Walkampf", although not by name.


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: "Anchor Me" is a 1994 single by New Zealand rock band The Mutton Birds which a charity supergroup of New Zealand artists recorded in 2005 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the bombing of the "Rainbow Warrior". The song peaked at #3 in the New Zealand singles chart.


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: A Greenpeace "Rainbow Warrior" benefit concert was held on 5 April 1986 at Mt. Smart Stadium, Auckland, including Herbs, Neil Young, Jackson Browne, Graham Nash, Topp Twins, Dave Dobbyn and a Split Enz reunion.


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: In 2013 the "Rainbow Warrior" travelled the islands of Indonesia with elders of the Mentawi Islands, the visit included a stop on the island of Bali where popular independent rock band Navicula filmed their hit song Busur Hujan. The video filmed by Erick Est included footage from the history of Greenpeace and the original "Rainbow Warrior". The video, shared on YouTube, brought the story of the "Rainbow Warrior" into the popular culture of Indonesia's youth movement.


title: Rainbow Warrior (1955)

text: Rainbow Quay in Rotherhithe, London, is named after the vessel, which was moored in this part of the Greenland dock prior to the development of residential flats also named Rainbow Quay.


title: Tom Vaughan-Lawlor

text: Tom Vaughan-Lawlor (born 4 November 1977) is an Irish actor. He is best known in Ireland for his roles as Nigel 'Nidge' Delaney in the RTÉ One series "Love/Hate" (2010–2014), and is known internationally for his role as Ebony Maw in "" and its sequel "".


title: Tom Vaughan-Lawlor

text: Vaughan-Lawlor was born in Dundrum, Dublin, Ireland. He attended De La Salle College, Churchtown, an all-male state secondary school in Dublin 14. He graduated from Trinity College, Dublin, with a degree in Drama Studies and continued his studies at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, England.


title: Tom Vaughan-Lawlor

text: After leaving the RADA Vaughan-Lawlor starred in many plays including "The Quare Fellow" directed by Kathy Burke, "This Lime Tree Bower", for the Young Vic, and as Christy Mahon in "The Playboy of the Western World" for the Abbey Theatre which toured North America. Also at the Abbey he played Len in Edward Bond's "Saved", Solyony in David Leveaux's production of "Three Sisters" and as Arturo Ui in Bertolt Brecht's "The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui". In 2008 he played Lyngsrand in "The Lady from the Sea" by Henrik Ibsen directed by Lucy Bailey. At the National Theatre London he played Yolland in Sean Holmes' production of Brian Friel's "Translations" in 2005


title: Tom Vaughan-Lawlor

text: In 2008 Vaughan-Lawlor played the Dauphin in "Henry V" at the Royal Exchange Manchester for which he received an Ian Charleson Award commendation. For his performance in "The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui" he won the 2009 Irish Times Best Actor Theatre Award. He won the award again in 2014 for "Howie the Rookie".


title: Tom Vaughan-Lawlor

text: He also had small roles in "The Tiger's Tail", which starred fellow Irish actor Brendan Gleeson and "Becoming Jane" which starred Anne Hathaway and James McAvoy.


title: Tom Vaughan-Lawlor

text: From 2010 to 2014, he began playing the lead role of Nigel "Nidge" Delaney in the critically acclaimed Irish television crime drama "Love/Hate". For his portrayal of Nidge he has won the Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Television award at the 2012 IFTA Awards, and the Best Actor for Television award at the 2013 IFTA Awards. On playing the role of Nidge he said "One of the joys of playing the part is he's a different man in all four series, he's always changing and he's incredibly difficult to pinpoint, people are drawn to him because of his humour, the moments he has with his children and the moments he has with his own conscience."


title: Tom Vaughan-Lawlor

text: During "Love/Hate" he continued working on stage in production such as the 2010 West End production of "All My Sons" directed by Howard Davies. The next year he played Jerry Devine in Davies's production of "Juno and the Paycock". In 2013 Vaughan-Lawlor played both the Howie Lee and the Rookie Lee in Mark O'Rowe's "Howie the Rookie". Originally written for two actors, O'Rowe re-imagined the play for one actor to play both parts, and directed the production himself for Landmark Productions. The production opened in Dublin, then toured to Cork, Galway, and the Edinburgh Festival. In 2014 the production was invited to the Barbican Centre London where it played in The Pit for 2 weeks, and then toured to BAM in New York.


title: Tom Vaughan-Lawlor

text: In 2013 he appeared in the role of Byrne in fifth episode of the BBC2 crime drama "Peaky Blinders". In October 2013, he began filming in Dublin on a three-part political drama "Charlie" which is based on the life of the late Taoiseach Charles Haughey. He played political spin doctor P. J. Mara in the drama.


title: Tom Vaughan-Lawlor

text: Vaughan-Lawlor played McCabe in Jim Sheridan's movie "The Secret Scripture" with Rooney Mara and Jack Reynor which filmed in early 2015, and appeared in the 2016 film "The Infiltrator" with Bryan Cranston and Diane Kruger, directed by Brad Furman.


title: Tom Vaughan-Lawlor

text: He appeared in the three-part drama "Trial of the Century", where he played Patrick Pearse. In July 2016 Vaughan-Lawlor played Michaelis in the BBC's 3-part television adaptation of Joseph Conrad's 1907 novel "The Secret Agent".


title: Tom Vaughan-Lawlor

text: Vaughan-Lawlor currently lives in Whitstable with his wife Claire Cox, who is an actress, and their son.


title: Tom Vaughan-Lawlor

text: His father played the part of a priest in "Love/Hate" and his son Freddie, appeared as Nidge and Trish's second child John in the crime drama.


title: Reticulocyte

text: Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells (RBCs). In the process of erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation), reticulocytes develop and mature in the bone marrow and then circulate for about a day in the blood stream before developing into mature red blood cells. Like mature red blood cells, in mammals, reticulocytes do not have a cell nucleus. They are called reticulocytes because of a reticular (mesh-like) network of ribosomal RNA that becomes visible under a microscope with certain stains such as new methylene blue and Romanowsky stain.


title: Reticulocyte

text: To accurately measure reticulocyte counts, automated counters use a combination of laser excitation, detectors and a fluorescent dye that marks RNA and DNA (such as titan yellow or polymethine).


title: Reticulocyte

text: Reticulocytes appear slightly bluer than other red cells when looked at with the normal Romanowsky stain. Reticulocytes are also relatively large, a characteristic that is described by the mean corpuscular volume.


title: Reticulocyte

text: The normal fraction of reticulocytes in the blood depends on the clinical situation but is usually 0.5% to 2.5% in adults and 2% to 6% in infants. A reticulocyte percentage that is higher than "normal" can be a sign of anemia, but this depends on the health of a person's bone marrow. Calculating the reticulocyte production index is an important step in understanding whether or not the reticulocyte count is appropriate to the situation. This is often a more important question than whether the percentage is in the normal range; for instance, if someone is anemic but has a reticulocyte percentage of only 1%, the bone marrow is likely not producing new blood cells at a rate that will correct the anemia.


title: Reticulocyte

text: Reticulocytes at less mature levels can be detected by having higher intensity fluorescence regions. An increased immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF), specifically an IRF more than or equal to 0.23, together with an increased absolute reticulocyte count, generally indicates an adequate erythroid response to anemia. An IRF of more than 0.23 but a subnormal or normal absolute reticulocyte count (with a corresponding reticulocyte production index of less than or equal to 2) is seen in for example acute infection, iron deficiency anemia, human immunodeficiency virus infection, sickle disease with crisis, pregnancy, and myelodysplastic syndrome. An IRF of less than 0.23 is seen in diseases that lead to decreased erythropoietic activity, predominantly chronic renal insufficiency.


title: Reticulocyte

text: The development begins with the expulsion of the normoblast nucleus, and is followed by loss of organelles and remodeling of the plasma membrane, giving rise to an erythrocyte.


title: Reticulocyte

text: Reticulocytes are a valuable tool for biologists who study protein translation. Reticulocytes are unusual among cells in that they contain all of the machinery necessary to translate proteins but lack a nucleus. Since a cell's nucleus contains many components that make studying translation difficult, these cells are quite useful. Scientists can collect reticulocytes from animals such as rabbits and extract the mRNA and translation enzymes to study protein translation in a cell-free, in vitro system, allowing greater control over the environment in which proteins are being synthesized.


title: Chinese yam

text: Dioscorea polystachya or Chinese yam (), also called cinnamon-vine, is a species of flowering plant in the yam family. It is sometimes called Chinese potato or by its Korean name ma.


title: Chinese yam

text: It is a perennial climbing vine, native to East Asia. The edible tubers are cultivated largely in Asia and sometimes used in alternative medicine. This species of yam is unique as the tubers can be eaten raw.


title: Chinese yam

text: This plant grows throughout East Asia. It is believed to have been introduced to Japan in the 17th century or earlier. Introduced to the United States as early as the 19th century for culinary and cultural uses, it is now considered an invasive plant species. The plant was introduced to Europe in the 19th century during the European Potato Failure, where cultivation continues to this day for the Asian food market.


title: Chinese yam

text: The botanical names "Dioscorea opposita" and "Dioscorea oppositifolia" have been consistently misapplied to Chinese yam. The name "D. opposita" is now an accepted synonym of "D. oppositifolia". Botanical works that point out the error may list, e.g., "Dioscorea opposita" auct. as a synonym of "D. polystachya". Furthermore, neither "D. oppositifolia" nor the prior "D. opposita" have been found growing in North America and have no historical range in China or East Asia, this grouping is native only to the subcontinent of India and should not be confused with "Dioscorea polystachya".


title: Chinese yam

text: "Dioscorea polystachya" vines typically grow 3–5 meters long, but can be longer. They twine clockwise. The leaves are up to 11 centimeters long and wide. They are lobed at the base and larger ones may have lobed edges. The arrangement is variable; they may be alternately or oppositely arranged or borne in whorls.


title: Chinese yam

text: In the leaf axils appear warty rounded bulbils under 2 centimeters long. The bulbils are sometimes informally referred to as "yam berries" or "yamberries".


title: Chinese yam

text: The plant produces one or more spindle-shaped or cylindrical tubers. The largest may weigh 10 pounds and grow one meter underground. "Dioscorea polystachya" is more tolerant to frost and cooler climates than other yams, which is attributed to its successful introductions and establishment on many continents.


title: Chinese yam

text: In Chinese it is known as "shānyào" (), "huáishān" ( or ), or "huáishānyào" ( or , i.e. the Huai Qing Fu () region). Rarely, it is also referred to as "shǔyù" (). The yam bulbils are referred to as "shanyao dou" () or "shanyao dan" ().


title: Chinese yam

text: In Japan, three groups of this species in cultivation are recognized. The common long, cylindrical type is known as . The bears a flat, shape, and the is round or . The term is used particularly in the Kantō region for the "ichōimo" in the market, but this is confusing since traditionally "yamatoimo" has also referred to "tsukuneimo", especially if produced in Yamato Province (now Nara Prefecture). Cultivars of this species (such as "yamatoimo") is sometimes called "Japanese mountain yam", though that term should properly be reserved for the native "Dioscorea japonica".


title: Chinese yam

text: In Vietnam, the yam is called "củ mài" or "khoai mài". When this yam is processed to become a medicine, the yam is called "hoài sơn" or "tỳ giải".


title: Chinese yam

text: Creams and dietary supplements made from the related "Dioscorea villosa" are claimed to contain human hormones and promoted as a medicine for a variety of purposes, including cancer prevention and the treatment of Crohn's disease and whooping cough. However, according to the American Cancer Society, the claims are false and there is no evidence to support these substances being either safe or effective. Huáishān has also been used in traditional Chinese medicine.


title: Chinese yam

text: "Dioscorea polystachya" was introduced to the United States in the 1800s when it was planted as an ornamental or food crop. It and other introduced yam species now grow wild there. It is troublesome in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, where its range is "rapidly expanding", particularly into the Tennessee Valley where different native, hybrid and/or invasive non-native variants of morning glory and bindweed as well as invasive kudzu and dodder have all become problematic and are similar in appearance to the fast-moving and often mishandled tubers.


title: Chinese yam

text: As Chinese yam and air potatoes continue to destroy entire swaths of gardens and yards though are not yet classified as invasive in these areas, residents seeking to eat the tuber plant their vines in unprotected land while residents seeking removal chop the tops off of vines at ground level and compost them or turn them into mulch for years before realizing this only makes their problem much worse and that no weed killers on the market, state recommended or otherwise do a decent job at ridding a garden or yard of this nuisance. The newest solution from Florida for people in Florida and surrounding states experiencing harm to their property and wishing a reprieve from these plant pests is to request free Air Potato Beetles. However, the beetles continue to elude Tennesseans due to various government regulations and the lack of others. It is most prevalent in moist habitat types. It is more tolerant of frost than other yams and can occur in temperate climates as far north as New York.


title: Chinese yam

text: The tubers of "D. polystachya" can be eaten raw (grated or sliced), while most other yams must be cooked before consumption (due to harmful substances in the raw state).


title: Chinese yam

text: First the skin needs to be removed by peeling (or by scraping off using a hard-bristled brush). This may cause a slight irritation to the hand, and wearing a latex glove is advised, but if an itch develops then lemon juice or vinegar may be applied.


title: Chinese yam

text: The peeled whole tubers are briefly soaked in a vinegar-water solution, to neutralize irritant oxalate crystals found in their skin, and to prevent discoloration. The raw vegetable is starchy and bland, mucilaginous when cut or grated, and may be eaten plain as a side dish, or added to noodles, etc.


title: Chinese yam

text: In Japanese cuisine, both the Chinese yam cultivars and the Japanese yam (often wild foraged) are used interchangeably in dishes. The difference is that the "nagaimo" tends to be more watery, while the native Japanese yam is more viscous.


title: Chinese yam

text: The is the mucilaginous purée made by grating varieties the Chinese yam ("nagaimo", "ichōimo", "tsukuneimo") or the native Japanese yam. The classic Japanese culinary technique is to grate the yam by grinding it against the rough grooved surface of a "suribachi", which is an earthenware mortar. Or the yam is first grated crudely using an "oroshigane" grater, and subsequently worked into a smoother paste in the "suribachi" using a wooden pestle.


title: Chinese yam

text: The "tororo" is mixed with other ingredients that typically include "tsuyu" broth (soy sauce and dashi), sometimes wasabi or green onions, and eaten over rice or (steam-cooked blend of rice and barley).


title: Chinese yam

text: The tororo poured over raw tuna ("maguro") sliced into cubes is called "yamakake", and eaten with soy sauce and wasabi.


title: Chinese yam

text: The "tororo" may also be poured over noodles to make "tororo udon/soba". Noodles with grated yam over it is also called "yamakake".


title: Chinese yam

text: Sometimes the grated yam is used as an additive for making the skin of the manjū confection, in which case the product is called . The yam is also used in the making a regional confection called "karukan", a specialty of the Kyūshū region.


title: Chinese yam

text: Chinese yam is referred to as "shānyào" () in Chinese and the tuber is consumed raw, steamed or deep-fried. It is added to savory soups, or can be sweetened with a berry sauce.


title: Chinese yam

text: In Korea, there are two main types of Chinese yam: The straight, tube-shaped variant is called "jangma" (), while "danma" () refers to the variant, which grows shorter, cluster-like tubes. Both are used in cooking and the tubers are prepared in a variety of ways. They are most commonly consumed raw, after the skinned roots have been blended with water, milk or yogurt (occasionally with additional honey) to create a nourishing drink known as "majeup" () or ""ma" juice" (). Alternatively, the peeled tubers are cut into pieces and served—either raw, after cooking, steaming or frying, along with seasoning sauces.


title: Chinese yam

text: The Chinese yam's growing cycle spans approximately one year, and should be planted between winter and spring. The traditional methods growing it are: using smaller tubers, top cut of bigger tubers or through cuttings of branches. The first two methods can produce 20 cm (7.8 in) long tubers and above. The latter produces smaller tubers (10 cm or 4 in) that are usually replanted for the next year.


title: Chinese yam

text: Between 7 and 9 months of replanting Chinese yam tubers, their leaves start to get dry (a common fact in plants that grow tubers), which indicates that the tubers are ready for harvest. In home gardens generally only what will be consumed is harvested, with the rest left in the pot in moist soil.


title: Iñigo Pascual

text: Iñigo Dominic Lazaro Pascual (born September 14, 1997) is a Filipino actor, singer and songwriter. He is popularly known for his 2016 hit single, "Dahil Sa'yo", the first number one song on "Billboard Philippines" then-new Philippine Top 20 chart which also won "Song of the Year" at the 30th Awit Awards, the Philippine version of the Grammys. He is the son of actor Piolo Pascual.


title: Iñigo Pascual

text: Iñigo Pascual was born on September 14, 1997, in the Philippines. Pascual moved to the United States when he was 8 years old. At the age of 17, he moved back to the Philippines to pursue his career in entertainment.


title: Iñigo Pascual

text: Pascual's first lead role in film came in 2014 when he starred in the teen romance film "Relaks, It's Just Pag-ibig," which was directed by Antoinette Jadaone and Irene Villamor. He played the role of Josh Brillantes, a teenage boy who joined in the journey of a girl who wanted to meet a pair of lovers during a blue moon after she picked up a love letter written by a man named Elias. Piolo Pacual, Inigo's father, has a special participation in the film as the mysterious letter writer, Elias. The film was produced by Spring Films and distributed by Star Cinema.


title: Iñigo Pascual

text: In 2015, Pascual starred in another teen romance film, "Para sa Hopeless Romantic" alongside James Reid, Nadine Lustre, and Julia Barretto. The film was directed by Andoy Ranay and was based on the Marcelo Santos III's bestselling novel of the same name. Pascual played the role of Ryan Sebastian, a fictional character from a story written by Becca, Lustre's character. Pascual then starred in Mae Cruz-Alviar's "Crazy Beautiful You" with another pair of popular loveteam, Kathryn Bernardo and Daniel Padilla. He played the role of Marcus Alcantara, the stepbrother of Padilla's character who had feelings for Bernardo's character.


title: Iñigo Pascual

text: After appearing in several episodes of anthology shows such as "Maalaala Mo Kaya" and "Wansapanataym", Pascual landed a role in the afternoon drama series, "And I Love You So." He starred in the series alongside Miles Ocampo, Julia Barretto, Dimples Romana, and Angel Aquino. He played the role of Justin Santiago, who was a love interest for both Ocampo's and Barretto's characters.


title: Iñigo Pascual

text: In 2016, Pascual released his self-titled debut album under Star Music, which included the hit single "Dahil Sa'Yo." The song became the first number 1 track of the short-lived Billboard Philippines Top 20 chart. In 2017, Pascual was tapped by Disney Philippines to record the Philippine version of "Remember Me," the theme song from Disney-Pixar's animated movie, "Coco". In 2019, Pascual released his first international solo single, Options. The track was produced by LA-based instrumentalist Bernard "HARV" Harvey. On May 6, 2020, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, Pascual was featured in 88rising's online music festival called "Asia Rising Forever." During the livestream event, Pascual performed a cover of Post Malone's Better Now. In June 2020"," Pascual appeared as a musical act in Filipino-American stand-up comedian Jo Koy's Netflix special entitled "Jo Koy: In HIs Elements".


title: Iñigo Pascual

text: On September 15, 2021, "Deadline Hollywood" announced that Pascual had joined the cast of Fox drama series "Monarch" in his American television debut.


title: Mercy rule

text: A mercy rule, slaughter rule, knockout rule, or skunk rule ends a two-competitor sports competition earlier than the scheduled endpoint if one competitor has a very large and presumably insurmountable scoring lead over the other. It is called the "mercy" rule because it spares further humiliation for the loser. It is common in youth sports in North America, where running up the score is considered unsporting. It is especially common in baseball and softball in which there is no game clock and a dominant team could in theory continue an inning endlessly.


title: Mercy rule

text: The rules vary widely, depending on the level of competition, but nearly all youth sports leagues and high school sports associations and many college sports associations in the United States have mercy rules for sports including baseball, softball, American football and association football.


title: Mercy rule

text: However, mercy rules usually do not take effect until a prescribed point in the game (like the second half of an association football game). Thus, one team, particularly if it is decidedly better than a weaker opponent, can still "run up the score" before the rule takes effect. For instance, in American football, one team could be ahead by 70 points with three minutes left in the first half; in baseball, the better team could have a 20-run lead in the second inning, but the game would still continue.


title: Mercy rule

text: At the middle- or high-school level, 34 states use a mercy rule that may involve a "continuous clock" (the clock continues to operate on most plays when the clock would normally stop, such as an incomplete pass) once a team has a certain lead (for example, 35 points) during the second half. That greatly decreases the amount of time taken for a game to complete, which reduces the leading team's chances to score more and the time that the trailing team must spend in facing an insurmountable deficit. In most states, the clock stops only for scores, timeouts (officials', injury, or charged), or the end of the quarter. Plays that would normally stop the clock, such as penalties, incomplete passes, going out of bounds, or change of possession, would not stop the clock. The rule varies by state; for example, the clock does not stop upon a score in Colorado, Indiana, Kansas (regular-season games only), or Missouri (fourth quarter only).


title: Mercy rule

text: In most states, once the point differential is reduced to below the mercy rule-invoking amount, normal timing procedures resume until either the end of the game or the mercy rule-invoking point differential is re-established; in Colorado, Georgia, and Kansas, the clock continues to run even if the differential falls below the threshold. Most states that have mercy rules waive this rule for a championship game.


title: Mercy rule

text: In some states, coaches and game officials may choose to end a game at their own discretion at any time during the second half if the continuous clock rule is in effect; that usually happens if a lopsided margin continues to increase or if threatening weather is imminent. Sometimes the coach of the team that is losing agrees to shorten the length of a quarter in addition to the continuous clock rule. Although it is rare, some states or high school conferences have rules in which the team with a very large lead may not run a certain play for the rest of the game, such as a deep pass or outside run.


title: Mercy rule

text: In some states (where 8-man and 6-man football is widely used), the rules call for a game to end when one team is ahead by a certain score (like 45 or 50 points) at halftime or any time thereafter. In other states with 6- or 8-man football, continuous clock rules are used, and the rule may be modified; for instance, in Iowa, the rule goes into effect if the 35-point differential is reached at any time after the first quarter.


title: Mercy rule

text: In a variant on the mercy rule used in Connecticut high school football from 2006 to 2016, the team's coach was issued a one-game suspension (i.e., for the team's next game) if at any point the team had a 50-point lead. In 2016 it was replaced with a running clock rule.


title: Mercy rule

text: The National Collegiate Athletic Association's mercy rule provides, "Any time during the game, the playing time of any remaining period or periods and the intermission between halves may be shortened by mutual agreement of the opposing head coaches and the referee." (NCAA Football Rule 3-2-2-a) NCAA Football Approved Ruling 3-2-2-I cites an example: "At halftime the score is 56–0. The coaches and the referee agree that the third and fourth quarters should be shortened to 12 minutes each. The coaches also request that the second half be played with a 'running clock' i.e., that the game clock not be stopped." The NCAA Football Rules Committee determined, "The remaining quarters may be shortened to 12 minutes each. However, the 'running clock' is not allowed; normal clock rules apply for the entire game."


title: Mercy rule

text: The most recent example of an NCAA football game shortened by invoking this rule occurred on October 1st, 2022 when the Syracuse Orange played the Wagner Seahawks. The mismatched Wagner team trailed the 4-0 Syracuse team 49-0 at halftime. In the second half coaches and the referee agreed to 10 minute quarters. Syracuse head coach Dino Babers made the controversial choice of leaving some of Syracuse's starting players in late into the second half. The final score of the game was 59-0.


title: Mercy rule

text: September 1, 2018 the rule was enacted during a game Georgia played against Austin Peay in Athens Georgia.  With the score 45–0 in the 3rd quarter and a high heat index, the Austin Peay Coach Will Healy suggested to Georgia head coach Kirby Smart that they play a 10-minute fourth quarter instead of the typical 15 minute fourth quarter.  The coaches and referee agreed and the game was shortened.


title: Mercy rule

text: September 24, 2016 the Missouri Tigers led Delaware State 58–0 at halftime. The coaches agreed to shorten the third and fourth quarters from 15 minutes to 10 minutes each, shortening the total game time from 60 minutes to 50 minutes. Missouri added three touchdowns in the abbreviated second half to make the final score 79–0, setting team records for the most points scored in a game (79), the greatest margin of victory (79), and the largest number of touchdowns scored (11).