text: After the second stage, 23 pianists qualified to the third stage, including six from Poland, five from Japan, three from Italy, two each from Canada, Russia, South Korea, and one each from the United States, China, and Spain. The number of participants admitted to the next stage again exceeded the number 20 originally prescribed in the competition format. Jury chairwoman Katarzyna Popowa-Zydroń stated in an interview that all jury members agreed that it was necessary to listen to a larger group of participants.


title: XVIII International Chopin Piano Competition

text: In the third stage, pianists perform a complete set of mazurkas, a piano sonata (excluding the first) or the complete set of Preludes Op. 28, and any other compositions of Chopin to fill the remaining time. On Day 10, Polish Radio commentators highlighted the performance of Miyu Shindo from Japan. Sułek proclaimed her "some kind of Japanese priestess of the god of time", with the "fantastic ability to stop a chord from sounding or a phrase from closing, sounds vibrating, floating in the air like Debussy's, like a drop of watercolor in a glass of water". On Day 11, J J Jun Li Bui was praised for his performance of mazurkas and the Sonata in B minor, Światczyńska calling him a candidate for the Special Prize for the Best Performance of Mazurkas, which is awarded by the Polish Radio. In the evening session, Alexander Gadjiev's individualism was once again highlighted, some wondering why he came to the Chopin competition at all. Światczyńska remarked that he "is of a completely non-competitive type, not falling within the bounds of objective assessment", the question being whether his performance went "beyond the limits of good taste". At the end of the day, Majchrowski praised Eva Gevorgyan, calling her performance "one that will go down in competition history". On Day 12, Nikolay Khozyainov was called "one of the absolute favorites to win the competition", being described as a "mature, conscious pianist, intellectual pianist " with an "interestingly structured, coherent program". The third stage concluded with the performance of Canadian Bruce Liu, noted by Sułek as a pianist with "inexhaustible imagination", performing an "excellent recital".


text: From the third stage, twelve pianists from ten countries qualified for the final, two more than prescribed in the competition rules. Artur Szklener, director of the Chopin Institute, explained that "the substantive argument was that the participants ranked 10th, 11th and 12th very were close in terms of points. After checking the organizational possibilities with the National Philharmonic Orchestra, the jury came to the conclusion that the best solution would be to allow an increased number of 12 pianists." Sułek commented that the finalists constituted an "unprecented" mosaic of pianists, a "rich gallery of characters, pianistic individualities, among whom there are amazing phenomena". Światczyńska highlighted the "extremely different artistic personalities", noting that the jury's "range of tastes and criteria" was quite wide this year.


text: The final was held over three days, four pianists presenting one of Chopin's two piano concertos on each day, accompanied by the Warsaw National Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Andrzej Boreyko.


text: Kamil Pacholec of Poland was the first to perform. Sułek wondered about his experience with an orchestra, noting that Pacholec tended to follow the orchestra rather imposing certain musical thoughts on it. John Allison, writing for the competition daily "Chopin Courier", praised Pacholec's "elegantly poised playing", yet noted that his performance "got weighted down", particularly in the slow movement. Distler called Pacholec's performance "steady" but "smaller-scaled" than his competitors.


text: Hao Rao of China was the second participant. Przemysław Psikuta of the Polish Radio noted that Rao, like Pacholec before him, seemed to play in a more classical, traditional way, "physical elements dominating over poetry". Allison noted that the middle movement was a particular highlight of Rao's performance, and that he projected it with "fully expressive, "bel canto" feeling". For Distler, the "effervescent and nimble" Rondo stood out the most.


text: Kyohei Sorita of Japan followed after an intermission. Majchrowski called his Romance "simply extraordinary", with nuances and an emphasis on the details of the score, and recognized him as the best performer of the day. Allison highlighted Sorita's "developed artistic personality" that secured him a "spacious performance" with "well-managed rubato". In Distler's view, Sorita demonstrated "an altogether higher level of pianistic cultivation" with his "variegated turns of phrase, subtle transitions and wider dynamic range".


text: Leonora Armellini of Italy concluded the first day. Sułek called her performance the best of the session, rating her a little higher than Sorita in terms of pianistic value. Allison called her performance "satisfying", writing that it felt like "being at a good concert", though noting that her Rondo was not the "most successful of the lot". Distler was captivated by Armellini's "warm and soaring tone, natural musicality, spontaneity and unalloyed joy in just being at the keyboard", noting that she "truly listened to her fellow musicians", though the Rondo's coda "didn't sparkle so brightly as expected".


text: J J Jun Li Bui of Canada was the first to perform on the second day of the final. Sułek was disappointed by his performance, expecting an early Chopin-Warsaw style that defined his performance of the "Rondo à la mazur" in the previous stage. Sułek also highlighted Bui's apparent inexperience with an orchestra, and had the impression that Bui was focused on himself, not communicating well with the conductor and orchestra. Światczyńska praised Bui's "extremely poetic" moments in the Romance. Krzysztof Stefański, writing for the "Chopin Courier", found praise for Bui's "warm, round tone" and "impressionist hues above the clarity of his arpeggio". Distler criticized Bui's playing as being too "uniform, machine-like", "ploughing through Chopin's bravura writing like the proverbial horse with blinders".


text: Alexander Gadjiev of Italy and Slovenia was the first to play the Piano Concerto in F minor. Światczyńska liked his sound and his "ability to operate within wide planes", but criticized his "manneristic pathos and affectation" that "contradict Chopin's expression". Sułek noted that Gadjiev's "wild nature" worked better in solo works, whereas in the concerto it caused the "narrative to become too fragmented". Stefański found that Gadjiev "played with a large sound, as if echoing the pianist's Romantic individualism". Distler found praise for Gadjiev's performance: "He illuminated the opening Maestoso movement's salient points by executing decorative passages in tempo, while demarcating melodies with discreet rubato and sophisticated accentuation. Gadjiev's seamless legato and multi-leveled dynamic control transformed the Larghetto into an aria where the piano's hammers seemed to have replaced by lungs."


text: Martín García García of Spain followed with the same concerto. Światczyńska was initially concerned with García's fearful appearance, but thought that he surprised many people with a good performance having "beautiful moments". Stefański described García's playing as "bathed in a gentle morning light", continuously displaying "Chopin's sunny side", playing "lightly, with an incredible songfulness and cultured tone". Distler remarked that García' seemed "held back on a leash" compared to his "impetuous, risk-taking solo performances" in the earlier stages of the competition, calling it "lovely by any standard" but with too little adventurousness to rival Gadjiev's "penetrating interpretation". In contrast, three of five music critics for the Polish music magazine "Ruch Muzyczny" called García's the best concerto performer: Szymon Atys called him his favorite pianist of the competition, Anna Chęćka highlighted his "surprisingly fresh and seductive vision" of the concerto, and Dariusz Marciniszyn remarked that García "enchanted" him completely, bringing forth "hidden melodic and harmonic dependencies" in the Rondo.


text: Eva Gevorgyan of Russia and Armenia concluded the session. Sułek noted that she "delighted" him, but did not "seduce" him until the second part. Stefański praised her "clear sense of direction", with each broken chord serving "a higher structural goal". For Distler, Gevorgyan was a "performance of eloquence, nobility and substance", evoking memories of "notable Russian luminaries like Emil Gilels and Bella Davidovich".


text: Aimi Kobayashi of Japan opened the final day of the competition. Światczyńska remarked that Kobayashi did not seem to have the best day, wondering if the level expectations were becoming psychologically difficult to bear. Allison highlighted the delicacy and intimacy of her performance, though noting that her tempos might not endear her to critics. Distler highlighted Kobayashi's "micro-management and tense finger-orientated pianism". Two of five authors of "Ruch Muzyczny" called Kobayashi the best performer of a concerto. Marcin Bogucki praised her "romantic vision", though noting a few slip-ups in the finale. Krzysztof Stefański remarked that "time stopped for a moment. Her fingers flew lightly over the keyboard, even when she was building the climaxes, she did not reach for a strong forte. The lunar fragment of Romanza sounded like a wonderful improvisation. It was hard not to fall in love."


text: Jakub Kuszlik of Poland gave a performance that was assessed by Polish Radio commentators as another "step up". Światczyńska admired his composure and ability to focus, though feeling a certain lack of "poetic expression and color differentiation" Allison called his performance "straightforward", with "impressively fleet passage work", but also noting that he went "under the surface, into the realms of that uniquely Polish spirit of "żal"". Distler praised Kuszlik's "red-blooded, forward-moving" performance.


text: Hyuk Lee of South Korea brought the day's only performance of the Concerto in F minor. Allison criticized Lee's tone as being "too brittle", noting that he sounded "less than completely at ease". Stefański wrote that Lee seemed to reject the "romantic character" of the middle Larghetto, though playing the recitative fragments poignantly.


text: Bruce Liu of Canada was the final performer. Allison praised Liu's performance for "holding poetry and virtuosity in wonderful balance", the "dreaminess of the Romance" sustaining "right to the dying last note". Distler called his performance "effortless, insouciant yet relatively straightforward". Stefański called Liu the "undisputed favorite of critics and the audience", remarking: "He is a complete pianist – he has excellent technique, and he uses it to conjure up the most fascinating timbres on the Fazioli piano. You can write about his perfect brillante, his ability to produce a soft sound without the sustain pedal, his wonderfully rocking rubato, his great control of the dynamics, but also his ability to create form, as in the ever-increasing passages that end the first movement. And sometimes the pianist played in such a way that the critic's pen stood still – helpless, unable to find the right words for what he was hearing."


text: Participants were required to select a different program for each stage of the competition. The competition repertoire had to be played from memory and could be performed in any order. Contestants were not allowed to play the same piece again in different stages of the competition, though they could perform pieces they performed in the preliminary round (except the first two etudes) in the main stage. Participants could use any available edition of Chopin's works, though they were recommended to use the Chopin National Edition.


text: In the first stage, pianists most often chose the Étude in G-sharp minor, Op. 25 No. 6, the Ballade No. 4 in F minor (18 pianists each), as well as the Étude in C major, Op. 10 No. 1, and the Nocturne in B major, Op. 62 No. 1 (17 pianists each). No participant at this stage chose the Nocturne in G major, Op. 37 No. 2.


text: In the second stage, the most played pieces were the "Andante spianato et grande polonaise brillante" (18 pianists), the Waltz in F major, Op. 34 No. 3 (16 pianists), as well as the Barcarolle in F-sharp major and the Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53 (15 pianists each). Scherzo No. 4 was played by only one pianist (Hyounglok Choi), as were the Polonaises, Op. 26 (Federico Gad Crema). From additional pieces supplementing the repertoire program of this stage, pianists most frequently chose the "Rondo à la mazur" (5 pianists), the Waltz in A minor, Op. 34 No. 2, and the Nocturne in C minor, Op. 48 No. 1 (3 pianists).


text: In the third stage, most participants selected the Piano Sonata No. 3 (12 pianists), Piano Sonata No. 2 (8 pianists), and the Mazurkas Op. 24 and Mazurkas Op. 56 (5 pianists each). Of the additional pieces supplementing the repertoire program of this stage, the pianists most frequently chose the Fantaisie in F minor and the Polonaise-Fantaisie (3 pianists each).


text: In the finale, nine pianists decided to perform the Piano Concerto No. 1, and three chose the Piano Concerto No. 2.


text: Before the start of the competition, each participant was allotted a timeslot of 15 minutes to choose an instrument. Participants could choose between a Yamaha, a Kawai, a Fazioli and two Steinway pianos. Once selected, participants may not change pianos between the rounds. Out of 87 participants of the first round, 43 chose the Steinway ending with serial number 479, 21 the Steinway ending with number 300, nine the Yamaha, eight the Fazioli and six the Kawai.


text: There were three juries corresponding to each phase of the competition. The qualifying committee screened more than 500 video applications and admitted 164 candidates into the preliminary round. Of these, the preliminary round jury admitted 78 participants to the main stage, joined by nine pianists who qualified directly. The main competition jury narrowed the field of candidates further through three competition stages, culminating in a final with twelve pianists.


text: In all stages except the final, jurors gave candidates two assessments: a simple YES or NO on whether to accept the candidate into the next stage of the competition, and an integer score from 1 to 25 (25 being the highest). A YES required the juror to give at least 17 points for the preliminaries and 18, 19, and 20 points for Stage I, Stage II, and Stage III, respectively. When calculating the average score, scores were bounded within 3 points (preceding Stage II) or 2 points (Stage II and III) of the true average; for example, if the true average were 14.35 in Stage I, all scores lower than 12 would be adjusted to 11.35 and all scores higher than 17 would be adjusted to 17.35, and the average would then be calculated again. Based on these two assessments, but without the participants' names, the jury made the decision on admitting candidates to the next stage.


text: In the final, Jurors assessed candidates on a scale from 1 to 10, while the highest score of 10 was allowed to be given only once. Jurors were to take the candidate's performances in the preceding stages into account. As in the main stages, the score average was adjusted with a permitted difference of 2 points.


text: The main competition jury consists of numerous pianists, many of whom were participants and prize-winners in previous editions of the Chopin Competition.


text: Nelson Freire and Martha Argerich withdrew prior to the start of the competition and were replaced by Arthur Moreira Lima.


text: Contestants from Taiwan were initially labeled as "PRC Taiwan" in a participant list that was published in March 2020 on the competition website. It was then later revised to "China Taiwan". However, after Taiwan's Representative Office in Warsaw lodged a protest, it was again revised to "Chinese Taipei", according to Taiwan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which cited that the designation issue was a result of political interference from Beijing, and that "Chinese Taipei", while not the designation Taiwan would prefer, would be "acceptable".


text: In Poland, the competition was broadcast on national channel TVP1 and on Polskie Radio Program II. All performances were also livestreamed on YouTube, and included, for the first time, a 4K broadcast and a virtual reality (VR) broadcast. In New York, London, Paris, Budapest, Moscow, Jerusalem, Seoul and Tokyo, the Adam Mickiewicz Institute collaborated with the Chopin Institute to create "listener's zones", where the competition was streamed in specially arranged spaces.


title: Cameron County, Texas

text: Cameron County, officially the County of Cameron, is the southernmost county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 421,017. Its county seat is Brownsville.


title: Cameron County, Texas

text: The county was founded in 1848 and is named for Captain Ewen Cameron, a soldier during the Texas Revolution and in the ill-fated Mier Expedition. During the later 19th century and through World War II, Fort Brown was a US Army outpost here, stimulating the development of the city of Brownsville.


title: Cameron County, Texas

text: Cameron County comprises the Brownsville–Harlingen, TX metropolitan statistical area, as well as the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville combined statistical area, which itself is part of the larger Rio Grande Valley region.


title: Cameron County, Texas

text: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which are land and (30%) are covered by water. To the east, the county borders the Gulf of Mexico.


title: Cameron County, Texas

text: "Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race."


title: Cameron County, Texas

text: As of the census of 2010, 406,220 people, 119,631 households, and 96,579 families were residing in the county. The population density was 370 people per square mile (143/km). The 141,924 housing units averaged 132 per square mile (51/km). The racial makeup of the county was 87.0% White, 0.5% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 9.8% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. About 88.1% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.


title: Cameron County, Texas

text: Of the 119,631 households, 50.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.80% were married couples living together, 20.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.3% were not families. About 16.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.36, and the average family size was 3.80.


title: Cameron County, Texas

text: In the county, the age distribution was 33.0% under the age of18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.10% who were 65 or older. The median age was 30.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.90 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 86.30 males.


title: Cameron County, Texas

text: The median income for a household in the county was $31,264, and for a family was $33,770. Males had a median income of $21,410 versus $15,597 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,695. About 30.0% of families and 34.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 46.8% of those under age 18 and 24.8% of those age 65 or over.


title: Cameron County, Texas

text: A 2000 Texas A&M study stated that of the residents of Cameron County, 43% do not have basic literacy skills.


title: Cameron County, Texas

text: Within the 2010s decade, a noticeable trend in the county population showed that growth among the county's northern cities (defined as major towns whose city limits lie entirely north or east of U.S. Highway 83 in the county) on average has been greater than those cities on U.S. Highway 83 in the county, suggesting a possible desire among both locals and new residents from outside the Rio Grande Valley to move away from the population centers of the county. This trend has also been shared by nearby Hidalgo County. Los Fresnos, for example, grew by 42.2% from 2010 to 2018. Other major cities, such as Indian Lake, Primera, and Rio Hondo, all grew by more than 15% in the same period. In contrast, the cities of Harlingen, La Feria, and San Benito, all cities along U.S. Highway 83, have seen growths less than 1% in the same period. The city that grew the most among the Highway 83 cities in the county was Brownsville, which grew by 4.4% from 2010 to 2019.


title: Cameron County, Texas

text: U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement operates the Port Isabel Service Processing Center, located in an unincorporated area adjacent to the Port Isabel-Cameron County Airport, which is itself owned and operated by the county. The airport has four runways and offers fuel and other general aviation services.


title: Cameron County, Texas

text: U.S. District Judge Andrew S. Hanen stated in 2013 that the corruption in the county judiciary and legal system was so pervasive that most people would not believe it "unless they heard it themselves."


title: Cameron County, Texas

text: Cameron County leans toward the Democratic Party in presidential elections. The last Republican to win the county was George W. Bush in 2004. Donald Trump's 2016 showing of 32.0% was the lowest received by a Republican candidate in the county since Alf Landon in 1936. However in 2020, Trump's performance of 43% was the best for a Republican in the county since 2004.


title: Cameron County, Texas

text: As of 2006, officeholders tend to be Democrats. As of 2006, about 20,000 to 30,000 people in Cameron County vote in primary elections, and presidential elections have higher turnouts. "Politiqueras", women hired to help elderly people vote, are crucial in South Texas elections.


title: Cameron County, Texas

text: In addition, residents are eligible to apply to South Texas Independent School District's magnet schools.


title: Cameron County, Texas

text: SpaceX has been approved by the FAA to build a private spaceport east of Brownsville on the Gulf Coast.


title: Cameron County, Texas

text: The SpaceX South Texas Launch Site is projected to employ 75–100 full-time workers in the early years with up to 150 full-time employees/contractors by 2019. In 2014, SpaceX acquired additional land near Boca Chica, which they consolidated into a subdivision called "Mars Crossing", possibly named after the novel by science-fiction writer Geoffrey A. Landis.


title: Cameron County, Texas

text: The Southern Cattle Tick ("Rhipicephalus microplus") is invasive here. Populations here have also become highly permethrin resistant. In 2014 the problem had become so severe that spread to neighboring counties was feared, and a Temporary Preventative Quarantine Area was established to preserve efficacy in those counties. All quarantine efforts have been somewhat unsuccessful, due at least in part to the ticks' infestation of wildlife including whitetail ("Odocoileus virginianus").


title: Eurotrash (TV series)

text: Eurotrash is a 30-minute magazine-format programme in English, presented by Antoine de Caunes and Jean-Paul Gaultier and produced by Rapido Television. It was shown in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland on Channel 4 from 24 September 1993 and was a late-night comical review of unusual topics mainly from Western and Central Europe; though, despite the title, also around the world. The show averaged around a 20 percent audience share, pulling in around 2–3 million viewers each week, making it the most popular entertainment show on the channel. Channel 4's slot average for Eurotrash's broadcast time was around 900,000 viewers, making the show an important hit for the channel at the time.


title: Eurotrash (TV series)

text: It ran for 16 series (over 160 episodes) until 2004, making it one of the UK's longest running late-night entertainment shows.


title: Eurotrash (TV series)

text: All intellectual property rights to the series are now controlled by the production company, Rapido Television.


title: Eurotrash (TV series)

text: A one-off special aired on 17 June 2016 to coincide with the UK's referendum on European Union membership.


title: Eurotrash (TV series)

text: The show was conceived in Paris for London-based Rapido Television by producer and director Peter Stuart, son of American film director Mel Stuart. Rapido Television makes over 100 programme titles, mostly for Channel 4, and was originally launched with backing by Richard Branson. The first "Eurotrash" series were presented by Antoine de Caunes and Jean-Paul Gaultier, with narrative voiceovers by British comic actress Maria McErlane. Gaultier left at the end of series 7 and de Caunes then co-presented with a range of guest presenters for the remainder of the run.


title: Eurotrash (TV series)

text: A number of features and stars survived from series one, including Pipi and Popo, two cardboard giraffes made from toilet paper tubes, and the Belgian singer Eddy Wally. Victoria Silvstedt was a semi-regular during 2003, often appearing in the studio with de Caunes to present the "Naked Germans of the Week" feature. Graham Norton featured as a roving reporter in series 9, Carla Bruni also appeared. Melinda Messenger appeared in the last series as a "roving reporter", always wearing a Union Jack minidress and big red boots.


title: Eurotrash (TV series)

text: In 2009, digital channel Living TV began airing a series of new compilation episodes under the title "Eurotrash: The Sexy Bits". These included new voiceovers from original narrator Maria McErlane.


title: Eurotrash (TV series)

text: Despite being a big budget show (around £400,000 per hour to make) the programme was surreal and had a deliberate low budget feel. Bright colourful pop-art studio backgrounds used to be built full size, but in later years chromakey was used with model shots, adding to the comical 'trashy' feel. Studio material was shot in Paris. Topics covered included rabbit show jumping, singing dogs, 'nude cleaning services', magicians, porn stars (such as Lolo Ferrari) and Europe's very worst (but usually popular in their host country) bands and singers.


title: Eurotrash (TV series)

text: The series was voiced by Maria McErlane (who had also appeared in "The Fast Show", a sketch show famous for its 'channel 9' segments, a spoof of European TV channels). Davina McCall provided English voice translations in series 1. In later years Kate Robbins provided voiceovers for the strange continental "stars", which she performed in Yorkshire and other British regional accents and similar quirky anglicised effects. Johnny Daukes, former singer and writer with the indie Band FIN in the 1990s, provided male voices in a similar fashion throughout the series.


title: Eurotrash (TV series)

text: One issue had an obituary of Lolo Ferrari that was produced and broadcast with a straight voiceover as a mark of respect, this stood out from the usual comic tone of the programme.


title: Eurotrash (TV series)

text: "A Song for Eurotrash" was a spin-off of "Eurotrash" broadcast for the first time on 12 May 1998. It was accompanied by an album with the same title containing the following tracks mostly covers of successful songs to mark the Eurovision Song Contest 1998 being held in the UK, plus a title track "A Song for Eurotrash" written for the programme:


title: I Love You to Death

text: I Love You to Death is a 1990 American black comedy film directed by Lawrence Kasdan and starring an ensemble cast featuring Kevin Kline, Tracey Ullman, Joan Plowright, River Phoenix, William Hurt, and Keanu Reeves.


title: I Love You to Death

text: The screenplay by John Kostmayer is loosely based on an attempted murder that happened in 1983, in Allentown, Pennsylvania, where Frances Toto repeatedly tried to kill her husband, Anthony. She spent four years in prison for attempted murder and was released in 1988.


title: I Love You to Death

text: Joey Boca is the owner of a pizza parlor located in Tacoma, Washington, and has been married to Rosalie for several years. Their marriage seems a typical one until Rosalie discovers that Joey is a womanizer and has been cheating on her for years with multiple women.


title: I Love You to Death

text: Rosalie does not want to allow Joey the pleasure of having every woman he wants, so she refuses divorce. Taking extreme measures, she enlists the help of her mother and her young co-worker Devo, who is secretly in love with her, to kill Joey. They hire two incompetent, perpetually stoned men, cousins Harlan and Marlon James.


title: I Love You to Death

text: To her surprise, Joey proves impossible to kill. Even though Rosalie heavily doses Joey with sleeping pills, he simply gets a stomach cramp, and dismisses it as a virus. They then ask Devo to come over and shoot Joey, but Devo looks away and only ends up wounding Joey behind the ear. When Marlon's cowardice stops him from being present at Joey's murder, Harlan shoots Joey through the chest, but missing his heart.


title: I Love You to Death

text: Eventually a convict at the local commissary reveals their plan, and when the police arrive they find the wounded Joey in some pain. He is taken to the hospital, and Rosalie, her mother, Devo, and the James cousins are arrested. Seeing the error of his ways and at his mother's behest, Joey refuses to press charges and bails everyone out of jail. As he waits for Rosalie with flowers and a box of chocolates, he meets the James cousins and makes peace. Seeing Rosalie again, he asks her to take him back, but still offended, she runs out. Joey catches her and in the janitors' closet they reveal their love with some intimacy, much to Devo's dismay and the surprise of Rosalie's mother.


title: I Love You to Death

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a approval rating based on reviews, with an average score of . On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 45 out of 100 based on reviews from 13 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade C on scale of A to F.


title: I Love You to Death

text: Jonathan Rosenbaum, writing for the "Chicago Sun-Times", described the film as a "fair-to-middling black comedy" and that "although the pacing is sluggish in spots, people with a taste for acting as impersonation will enjoy some of the scenery chewing—especially by Plowright, Kline, and Hurt".


title: I Love You to Death

text: Roger Ebert describes the film as "an actor's dream" but isn't quite so sure it is a dream film for an audience. He praises Ullman for her performance, noting it is all the more effective against the overtly comic performance of Kline. Ebert remarks "William Hurt could have walked through the role of the spaced-out hit man, but takes the time to make the character believable and even, in a bleary way, complex". Ebert suggests Kasdan was attracted to the script because it seems almost impossible to direct, and although he is not sure it succeeds, it is certainly not boring.


title: Elijah in Islam

text: Ilyās () was a prophet and messenger of God (Allah) who was sent to guide the Children of Israel. He was given the prophetic mission to prevent people from worshipping idols. Ilyas is the prophetic predecessor to Alyasa. Some Islamic scholars believe, that Ilyas is from the progeny of Harun (Aaron).


title: Elijah in Islam

text: Some Muslims believe that Ilyas is still alive and attends Hajj every year, along with Khidr. Some Muslims also believe that Ilyas will return at the end times.


title: Elijah in Islam

text: In Islamic sources, Ilyas' full name is Ilyas ibn Yasin, since in As-Saffat 37:130, Ilyas is called Yasin. Some stories of Ilyas are also mentioned in Islamic Hadiths; such as the curse of Israelites with drought by Ilyas, healing Alyasa, and fighting with Ahab.


title: Elijah in Islam

text: According to many Islamic sources and the Bible, Elias (a) is alive and ascended to skies. However, Ibn Kathir did not accept these hadiths and considered them among Isra'iliyat. In "Mu'jam al-buldan", Yaqut al-Hamawi mentioned a grave for Elias (a) in Baalbek.A shrine was later built over this grave, but it was dedicated to a "Prophet Aila" even though locals believed it was the tomb of Elias (a)


title: Elijah in Islam

text: Ilyas is first mentioned as a prophet in . He invited his people who lived in Baalbek to monotheism, obeying God and abandoning sins. His main task was to prevent the idol-worshipping. After he faced persistence of his people for many years, cursed them with drought and people were inflicted with starvation. Ilyas' narrative in the Quran and later Muslim tradition resembles closely that in the Hebrew Bible and Muslim literature records Elijah's primary prophesying as taking place during the reign of Ahab and Jezebel as well as Ahaziah. Ilyas' figure has been identified with a number of other prophets and saints, including Idris, which is believed by some scholars to have been another name for Ilyas, and Khidr. Islamic legend later developed the figure of Ilyas, greatly embellishing upon his attributes, and some apocryphal literature gave Ilyas the status of a half-human, half-angel. Ilyas also appears in later works of literature, including the "Hamzanama".


title: Elijah in Islam

text: Ilyas is mentioned in the Quran, where his preaching is recounted in a concise manner. The Quran narrates that Ilyas told his people to come to the worship of God and to leave the worship of Baal, the primary idol of the area. The Quran states:


title: Elijah in Islam

text: The Quran makes it clear that the majority of Ilyas' people denied the prophet and continued to follow idolatry. However, it mentions that a small number of devoted servants of God among them followed Elijah and believed in and worshiped God. The Quran states, "They denied him (Elijah), and will surely be brought to punishment, Except the sincere and devoted Servants of God (among them). And We left his (memory) for posterity."


title: Elijah in Islam

text: Numerous commentators, including Abdullah Yusuf Ali, have offered commentary on verse 85 saying that Ilyas, Zakariya, Yahya and Isa were all spiritually connected. Abdullah Yusuf Ali says, "The third group consists not of men of action, but Preachers of Truth, who led solitary lives. Their epithet is: "the Righteous." They form a connected group round Jesus. Zachariah was the father of John the Baptist, who is referenced as "Ilyas, which was for to come" (Matt 11:14); and Elias is said to have been present and talked to Jesus at the Transfiguration on the Mount (Matt. 17:3)."


title: Elijah in Islam

text: Although most Muslim scholars believed that Elijah preached in Israel, some early commentators on the Quran stated that Ilyas was sent to Baalbek, in Lebanon. Modern scholars have rejected this claim, stating that the connection of the city with Elijah would have been made because of the first half of the city's name, that of "Baal", which was the deity that Elijah exhorted his people to stop worshiping. Scholars who reject identification of Elijah's town with Baalbek further argue that the town of Baalbek is not mentioned with the narrative of Ilyas in either the Quran or the Hebrew Bible.


title: Elijah in Islam

text: By the passage of time, drought spread and many died. When they saw themselves inflicted, regretted their past deeds, turned to Elias (a), and accepted his invitation. Then, due to the prayer of Elias (a) a heavy rain came and the land was satiated; however, after a while, people forgot their covenant with God and returned to idol worshipping. When Ilyas saw this, he asked God for his own death; but, God sent him a chariot of fire and he ascended to the skies and chose Alyasa who was his pupil as his vicegerent. Ilyas is rarely associated with Islamic eschatology. However, some Muslims believe that Ilyas is expected to come back along with the mysterious figure Khidr during the end of times.


title: Elijah in Islam

text: Muslim literature and tradition recounts that Ilyas preached to the Kingdom of Israel, ruled over by Ahab and later his son Ahaziah. He is called a "prophet of the desert—like Yahya". Ilyas is believed to have preached with zeal to Ahab and his wife Jezebel, who according to Muslim tradition was partly responsible for the worship of false idols in this area. Muslims believe that it was because the majority of people refused to listen to Elijah that Elisha had to continue preaching the message of God to Israel after him.


title: Elijah in Islam

text: Ilyas has been the subject of legends and folktales in Muslim culture, usually involving his meeting with Khidr. According to a Muslim exegete report, Muhammad met Ilyas in Mecca. In Islamic mysticism, Ilyas is associated closely with the sage Khidr. One hadith reported that Ilyas and Khidr met together every year in Jerusalem to go on the pilgrimage to Mecca. Ilyas appears also in the "Hamzanama" numerous times, where he is spoken of as being the brother of Khidr as well as one who drank from the Fountain of Youth. Further, It is narrated in Kitab al-Kafi that Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq was reciting the prostration of Ilyas in the Syrian language and began to weep. He then translated the supplication in Arabic to a group of visiting scholars:<poem>


title: Elijah in Islam

text: "O Lord, will I find that you punish me although you know of my thirst in the heat of midday? Will I find that you punish me although you know that I rub my face on Earth to worship you? Will I find that you punish me although you know that I give up sins for you? Will I find that you punish me although you know that I stay awake all night just for you?" To which Allah then inspired to Ilyas, "Raise your head from the Earth for I will not punish you".


title: Ciro Gomes

text: Ciro Ferreira Gomes (; born 6 November 1957), known mononymously as Ciro, is a Brazilian politician, lawyer, and academic. Ciro is currently affiliated with and vice-president of the Democratic Labour Party (PDT).


title: Ciro Gomes

text: Born in São Paulo but raised in Ceará into a political family, Ciro began his political career at the age of 27 in 1984. Ciro was elected Mayor of Fortaleza at age of 30 in 1988 and was elected Governor of Ceará at the age of 32 in 1990. During his tenure, Ciro was the most popular governor in the country. His "Viva Criança" program that reduced infant mortality in Ceará by 32% was given an international award by UNICEF. His success led to his appointment as Minister of Finance for a few months in late 1994 under President Itamar Franco, where he presided over the ongoing Real Plan that eventually stabilized the economy and ended hyperinflation.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: Ciro ran for President of Brazil for the Popular Socialist Party (PPS) in 1998 and 2002, coming in third and fourth place. In both Ciro presented himself as critical of Fernando Henrique Cardoso presidency and attempted to be a centre-left alternative to "petista" candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Following the election, Ciro was appointed by President Lula as Minister of National Integration, presiding over regional development and the interbasin transfer of the São Francisco River. In 2006, Ciro was elected federal deputy for Ceará. Ciro was expected to succeed Lula for the 2010 election, but Lula instead appointed Energy Minister Dilma Rousseff, a move he criticized. Ciro coordinated her successful presidential campaigns, but afterwards retired to the private sector.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: In 2018, Ciro returned to politics after joining the Democratic Labour Party, launching his long-awaited third campaign for the presidency. Running on a platform that included a public credit debt refinancing, a progressive tax system with dividend tax, increased funding for education and healthcare, a federal agency defending LGBTQ rights, and a neo-Keynesian, re-industrializing platform, he sought to portray himself as an alternative between Lula's appointee Fernando Haddad and right-wing candidate Jair Bolsonaro. Though he polled better than Haddad directly against Bolsonaro, Ciro finished in third place. Following Bolsonaro's victory, many argued that Ciro would have won if he had been nominated by a centre-left coalition. Ciro refused to endorse Haddad afterwards, PT's offer to be his running mate, and has opposed Lula's party within the Brazilian left.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: Described as having "one of the sharpest tongues in Brazilian politics", Ciro's public image has been characterized by his outspoken personality, receiving both praise and criticism. Ciro is currently one of the main opposers of Jair Bolsonaro's presidency, accusing Bolsonaro and his sons of criminal militia involvement. Ciro was also critical of Michel Temer's presidency, characterizing Dilma's impeachment as a coup. He has also been critical of Lula's presidency, accusing him of enabling Dilma's impeachment through Temer and Eduardo Cunha's appointments, and both of leading a social liberal government that led to the current Brazilian recession and Bolsonaro's election. Since joining PDT in 2015, Ciro has led a resurgence of PT's traditional left-wing nationalist opposition by PDT and the legacy of Getúlio Vargas, receiving accusations of being a left-wing populist. In the private sector, Ciro served as director for Brazilian rail company Transnordestina S/A and steelmaker Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional, and he is a best-selling author.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: Ciro was born in Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo, the son of José Euclides Ferreira Gomes Filho and Maria José Ferreira Gomes in 1957. His family moved to Sobral, Ceará in 1962. His father's family, the , has been active in Ceará politics for several generations.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: Ciro enrolled in the Law School of the Federal University of Ceará in 1976. Ciro later recalled that within the student movements of the time, he was most closely affiliated with the Catholic Left. Upon graduation, Ciro returned to the city of Sobral, to work for the local government as a municipal prosecutor.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: Ciro ran for office for the first time in 1982, as a State Deputy representing Sobral, and won; he began his first term in February 1983. Ciro attracted substantial media attention early on for his willingness to debate national political questions — including democracy, social reforms, and international relations — which he said other Ceará politicians ignored. In 1985, Ciro also started teaching tax law as a professor at the University of Fortaleza.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: In 1988, Ciro was elected Mayor of Fortaleza, the capital of Ceará, and began his term the next year. As Mayor of Fortaleza, endorsed centre-left candidate Mário Covas in the first round of the 1989 presidential election and socialist candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in the second round.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: Ciro was elected the Governor of Ceará in 1990, at the age of 32, becoming the second youngest governor in the country at the time. His efforts included policies to support small businesses and reduce bureaucracy. He also cracked down on tax evasion, increasing state revenue. Ciro also ordered increased investments in education and in public health; by July 1992, a Datafolha poll found he was the most popular governor in Brazil, with a 74% approval rate, and Time magazine listed him as one of the 100 most important emerging leaders on the world stage.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: One of his most high-profile achievements as governor was the construction of a 71-mile long water canal, the "." Northeastern Brazil suffered a series of droughts in 1991, 1992, and 1993; in 1993, Ciro managed to organize and complete the construction of the canal in only 3 months, successfully bringing water to the capital city of Fortaleza and thus preventing a water supply crisis.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: Ciro's public health program "Programa Viva Criança" was attributed with a 32% decrease in infant mortality in the state and was awarded the Maurice Paté prize by UNICEF.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: In 1994 he served as Minister of Finance in the administration of Itamar Franco. This appointment came at a crucial time in Brazil's modern economic development, when the Real Plan was underway as an economic stabilization program to fight hyperinflation. His successful performance overseeing the Real Plan was credited by some with helping Fernando Henrique Cardoso win the subsequent presidential election in the fall of 1994, after Cardoso campaigned on continuing the plan's implementation. However, Ciro would break with the Cardoso government in 1997.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: A founding member of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) in 1988, Ciro would leave the party, which was originally centre-left, in 1997 following its right turn. Ciro would join the Socialist People's Party (PPS) in opposition to the Cardoso administration, and ran as a member of the party for president in 1998 with Roberto Freire as his running mate. During the campaign, Ciro attempted to position himself as a left alternative to Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, a staple of the Brazilian left who had run for president twice prior to 1998 as a member of the Workers' Party (PT).


title: Ciro Gomes

text: The centrist Brazilian Democratic Movement (PMDB), a kingmaker in Brazilian politics, considered supporting his candidacy, but did not end up doing so. In the end, Ciro came in third place in the first round, and won 11% of the vote (only the top two candidates advance to the second round). The sole state he won was Ceará, his home state. However, Cardoso was re-elected with a majority.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: During the 2002 presidential election, Ciro looked to be formidable, even passing PSDB candidate José Serra, the main centre-right candidate, at one point in the polls. However, a series of gaffes, most notable a crass joke about his wife Patrícia Pillar, led to his collapse in the polls, and Ciro came in fourth place in the first round, with 12% of the vote. He supported Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in the second round of the 2002 election, and was ultimately chosen to be the Minister for National Integration in Lula's new government.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: When the PPS' leadership voted to leave the governing coalition in December 2004 that propped up Lula's government, Ciro chose to remain in his post. As a result, the PPS removed him from the party leadership, and he decided to join the Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB) in 2005. In 2006 he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies with 16.19% of the vote, the highest percentage ever achieved by a single candidate in a proportional election.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: Having passed on a presidential campaign in 2010, Ciro announced his long-awaited third bid for the presidency in the 2018 presidential election as the candidate of the PDT. For the position of Vice President, Ciro chose Kátia Abreu, a centre former Minister of Agriculture, as his running mate.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: Political analysts had widely speculated that, since Lula was legally barred from running for president (after his conviction for corruption, under Brazil's "Ficha Limpa" law), Ciro would attract many of Lula's supporters in the 2018 presidential election, and potentially unite a number of left and center-left political parties. His main contender for the left vote was Fernando Haddad, the former Mayor of São Paulo, running as a member of the Workers' Party (PT) with Lula's backing. Polling showed that Ciro would have performed better versus Bolsonaro in the second round than Haddad would have.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: While Ciro polled competitively throughout most of the election, Lula's endorsement of Haddad rallied enough of his former voters to support Haddad. As a result, Ciro finished in third place in the first round, only coming in first place in his home state of Ceará.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: In the second round, Ciro announced his opposition to right-wing rival Jair Bolsonaro, who he describes as a "fascist" for his pro-military rule statements, but did not formally endorse Haddad. Following the election of Bolsonaro over Haddad, a number of major left figures including Governor Rui Costa of Bahia, a member of the PT, indicated they regret supporting Haddad over Ciro.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: Ciro has lived in Ceará for most of his life, graduating with a degree in law from the Federal University of Ceará. He was a professor of tax law and constitutional law, and wrote three books on political economy: ""No País dos Conflitos"" ("In the Country of Conflicts", 1994); ""O Próximo Passo – Uma Alternativa Prática ao Neoliberalismo"" ("The Next Step - A Practical Alternative to Neoliberalism", 1995), co-authored with Harvard professor Roberto Mangabeira Unger; and ""Um Desafio Chamado Brasil"" ("A Challenge Called Brazil," 2002).


title: Ciro Gomes

text: He was also a visiting researcher at Harvard Law School. He served in the private sector as the President of (a commodities transportation company in Northeastern Brazil), and on the Board of Directors of Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional. Two of his four siblings (Cid Gomes and ), his father, and his uncle, have all been involved in Brazilian politics.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: He was married to his first wife, politician Patrícia Saboya, from 1983 to 1999, with whom he has three children: Lívia, Ciro and Yuri. Like her husband, Patricia Saboya Gomes was also politically active in the Northeastern state of Ceara, including serving as a Federal Deputy and a Senator for the state; the two were seen as political allies. From 1999 to 2011, Ciro was married to Brazilian actress Patrícia Pillar. In 2013, he began a relationship with Zara Castro, with whom he had his fourth child, Gael, in 2015. Ciro is the godfather of his advisor Roberto Mangabeira Unger's eldest child, Gabriel.


title: Ciro Gomes

text: Since 2017, his girlfriend has been TV producer Giselle Bezerra; she was previously a dancer on the popular Brazilian TV show "Xuxa".


title: Martha Davis (musician)

text: Martha Emily Davis (born January 19, 1951) is an American rock and new wave singer-songwriter from Berkeley, California. She is most famous for being the lead singer of the band The Motels, but has also made several solo albums, contributed many songs to motion pictures, been on television, and worked onstage with Teatro ZinZanni.


title: Martha Davis (musician)

text: Martha Emily Davis was born on January 19, 1951, in Berkeley, California. She was the second child, as her parents had adopted older sister Janet. Davis' father was an administrator at the University of California, Berkeley, and her mother had worked as a kindergarten teacher in Berkeley. Growing up in a household that was both conservative and Bohemian, Davis began taking guitar and ballet lessons at the age of 8. Davis recounted that her love of music not only came from her parents, but also from a babysitter (a law student at the time) who eventually became a renowned judge: Thelton Henderson.


title: Martha Davis (musician)

text: At the age of 15, upon discovering that she was pregnant, Davis dropped out during her freshman year of high school. She entered into a hasty marriage with the child's father, Ronnie Paschell, a 17-year-old whom she had been dating since the age of 12. Paschell enlisted in the U.S. Air Force shortly after the nuptials. The young couple then embarked on a new life at an airbase in Tampa, Florida.


title: Martha Davis (musician)

text: Despite having a second child with Paschell, the marriage was tumultuous. Davis would later reveal that the lyrics "I heard him talkin’ / I heard him say / He wasn't gonna kill you / He was just gonna fuck up your pretty face" from the song "Celia" were inspired by something that Paschell had said to her during their marriage. When Paschell was called to serve in Vietnam, Davis wrote him a letter stating that she was going to return to Berkeley, and the couple divorced thereafter in 1970. Upon returning to Berkeley in 1968, a now 17-year-old Davis found that her hometown had changed as the counterculture was in full swing. While Davis participated in a few sit-ins, she felt disenchanted that many of the attendees were not participating for the cause but rather for the adrenaline rush. It was also during this time that Davis made efforts to earn her high school diploma. Often she had to bring her daughters along while she attended classes.


title: Martha Davis (musician)

text: When Davis was 19, her mother (who had been divorced from Davis' father) died by suicide. Following her mother's death, Davis' father encouraged his daughter to attend vocational school. However, upon discovering her late mother's diary, Davis learned that her mother—a UC Berkeley English major who once belonged to Phi Beta Kappa—had aspired to be an author but had given up on her dreams to fulfill her domestic role. Davis theorized that "My mother became the wife she thought my father wanted her to be...It was a brutal and lonely lesson when she died, but I learned from her not to give myself up." Davis purchased a home using an inheritance left by her mother and survived as a single mother on welfare. It was at this time that Davis turned toward a musical career.


title: Martha Davis (musician)

text: In 1971, while still residing in Berkeley, Davis joined The Warfield Foxes. Although Davis has been credited as being a founder, she was actually invited to sing for the band by her friend Lisa Brenneis. As a single mother, Davis would often bring her daughters with her to rehearsals. In 1973, Davis' father died due to an illness, and she relied on Janet for familial support.


title: Martha Davis (musician)

text: By 1975, Davis had to leave behind her family and home in Berkeley so that The Warfield Foxes could try to launch their musical career in Los Angeles. The group's name slowly morphed into The Motels after being inspired by the motor inns that they passed along Santa Monica Boulevard. However, the band encountered mixed success as it was a prerequisite that a band had to belong to a label in order for them to perform at music venues. The band resided in Echo Park, and Davis began her first significant romance since her marriage with bandmate Dean Chamberlain (guitarist). Their relationship dissipated by 1977 when Chamberlain left The Motels, and Davis used the breakup as the inspiration for her song "Total Control".


title: Martha Davis (musician)

text: After changing band members in 1978, the lineup now included Davis (lead vocals, guitar), Jeff Jourard (guitarist), Marty Jourard (keyboards; saxophone), Michael Goodroe (bass) and Brian Glascock (drums). On May 12, 1979, The Motels finally signed with Capitol Records, and the group's first album "Motels" (1979; produced by John Carter) was released in the fall of the same year.


title: Martha Davis (musician)

text: The 1980s was pivotal not only for Davis' rising musical success, but also for her health crisis. She battled breast cancer in 1984 and received surgical treatment for it. Davis reformed the group into a 1980s new wave band that created five albums produced by Capitol Records.


title: Martha Davis (musician)

text: The Motels' second album "Careful" (1980), also produced by Carter, was released on June 15, 1980. By the end of 1981, lead guitarist Tim McGovern (who had replaced Jeff Jourard) eventually departed, as his four-year romantic relationship with Davis culminated in a bitter power struggle on his part. The Motels then hired producer Val Garay as the group's manager, who also did production duties on the band's third album "All Four One". "All Four One" was released on April 6, 1982. The band's albums "Little Robbers" and "Shock" (produced by Richie Zito) were released in 1983 and 1985 respectively. Davis became romantically involved with the band's guitarist Kevin McCormack, with whom she co-wrote The Motels song "Isle of You".


title: Martha Davis (musician)

text: Although "All Four One" and "Little Robbers" produced hits, The Motels reached a nadir. As Davis said about the success following the song "Only the Lonely": "Even with that song it was the first time we had a hit, it definitely was not what I was envisioning for myself and then as time goes on, you get a hit so they say, 'Oh, I guess this is working, that’s what we’re supposed to be doing', it became more and more in that direction MOR [middle of the road]."Around the time, Davis had stated in interviews that she often invested her own money into the band. Yet, although The Motels had a familial-like bond, Davis painstakingly decided to fire all of the band members. The 1987 album "Policy" (which was intended to be another The Motels album) became Davis' first solo album and included the singles "Don't Tell Me the Time", "Tell It to the Moon" and "Don't Ask Out Loud". "Policy" was not well-received, and Davis later stated that the album's songs (one of which was penned by Diane Warren) were a mismatch for her style.


title: Martha Davis (musician)

text: By 1989, Davis asked to be released from her Capitol Records contract. While Davis partially retired from producing music afterwards, she still had a small part in the movie "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure".


title: Martha Davis (musician)

text: The early 1990s marked the end of Davis' engagement to a saxophone player with whom she became involved during the creation of her "Policy" album. On the musical front, Davis was asked to create music for several films that included "Madhouse" (1990) and "Miracle Beach" (1992). In addition to working with artists such as Clarence Clemons, Charlie Sexton and Kenny G, Davis also played sporadic performances to showcase her original material. By the decade's end, Davis was once again writing songs regularly and even created a new incarnation of The Motels.


title: Martha Davis (musician)

text: In 2001, Davis and The Motels' new lineup appeared on the television show "Hit Me, Baby, One More Time". She made her first solo album in seventeen years titled "So The Story Goes" and in 2005 joined Teatro ZinZanni for a two-month run in Seattle. She wrote music and helped create an album for this show. In 2007, Davis and the band appeared on the Australian concert series "Countdown Spectacular 2". The following year, Davis released "Beautiful Life" (2008) and her solo album (which was released near the time Davis was going through another divorce) touched upon her mother's death and legacy. She released two other albums with The Motels, and in 2010, Davis created her first album for children titled "Red Frog Presents 16 Songs For Parents and Children". In 2018, Davis released the album "The Last Few Beautiful Days".


title: Martha Davis (musician)

text: Davis' children include daughters Maria and Patricia. In 1982, Davis adopted son Phil from her sister Janet. Her eldest daughter Maria passed away in 2016 after battling an opioid addiction. Maria's death inspired many of the songs on "The Last Few Beautiful Days" album. Davis continues to tour and she lives on a 72-acre ranch (which has doubled as a recording studio for her) near Portland surrounded by her many pets.


title: Akashi Kaikyo Bridge

text: The is a suspension bridge which links the city of Kobe on the Japanese island of Honshu to Iwaya on Awaji Island. It is part of the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway, and crosses the busy and turbulent Akashi Strait ("Akashi Kaikyō" in Japanese). It was completed in 1998, and has the second longest central span of any suspension bridge in the world, at , only behind the 1915 Çanakkale Bridge that was opened in March 2022.


title: Akashi Kaikyo Bridge

text: It is one of the key links of the Honshū–Shikoku Bridge Project, which created three routes across the Inland Sea.


title: Akashi Kaikyo Bridge

text: The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge forms part of the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway, the easternmost route of the bridge system linking the islands of Honshu and Shikoku. The bridge crosses the Akashi Strait (width 4 km) between Kobe on Honshu and Iwaya on Awaji Island; the other major part of the crossing is completed by the Ōnaruto Bridge, which links Awaji Island to Ōge Island across the Naruto Strait.


title: Akashi Kaikyo Bridge

text: Before the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge was built, ferries carried passengers across the Akashi Strait. A major passageway for shipping, it is also known for its gale, heavy rain, storms, and natural disasters. The in 1945, which killed 304 people, first stirred public discussion on the possibility of a bridge over the span. In 1955, two ferries sank in the Shiun Maru disaster during a storm, killing 168 people. The ensuing shock and public outrage convinced the Japanese government to develop plans for a bridge to cross the strait.


title: Akashi Kaikyo Bridge

text: Investigations for a bridge across the strait were first conducted by the Kobe municipal government in 1957, followed by an evaluation by the national Ministry of Construction in 1959. In 1961, the Ministry of Construction and Japan National Railways jointly commissioned the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE) to conduct a technical study, and the JSCE established a committee to investigate five potential routes between Honshu and Shikoku. In 1967, the committee compiled the results of the technical study, concluding that a bridge across the Akashi Strait would face "extremely severe design and construction conditions, which have no similar examples in the world's long-span bridges" and recommending additional study.


title: Akashi Kaikyo Bridge

text: In response to the report, the Honshu–Shikoku Bridge Authority (now the Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Expressway Company) was established in 1970, which conducted extensive investigations, including sea trials to establish the construction method of a submarine foundation. In 1973, a bridge with a central span of 1,780 meters on the route was approved, but construction was halted due to poor economic conditions.


title: Akashi Kaikyo Bridge

text: The original plan called for a mixed railway-road bridge, but when construction on the bridge began in April 1988, the construction was restricted to road only, with six lanes. Actual construction did not begin until May 1988 and involved more than 100 contractors. The Great Hanshin Earthquake in January 1995 did not do substantial damage to the bridge due to anti-seismic building methods. Construction was finished on time in September 1996. The bridge was opened for traffic on April 5, 1998, in a ceremony officiated by the Crown Prince Naruhito and his spouse Crown Princess Masako of Japan along with Construction Minister Tsutomu Kawara.


title: Akashi Kaikyo Bridge

text: The bridge has four substructures: two main piers (located beneath the water) and two anchorages (on land). These are denoted 1A, 2P, 3P, and 4A in sequence from the Kobe side. 1A consists of an underground circular retaining wall filled with roller-compacted concrete, 2P and 3P are circular underwater spread-foundation caisson structures, and 4A is a rectangular direct foundation. 2P is located at the edge of the sea plateau at a level depth of 40–50 m and a bearing depth of 60 m, and 3P is located at the symmetrical point to 2P with respect to the bridge's center, at a level depth of 36–39 m and a bearing depth of 57 m.


title: Akashi Kaikyo Bridge

text: The towers are located in an area of strong tidal currents where water velocity exceeds 7 knots (about 3.6 m/s). The selected scour protection measure includes the installation of a filtering layer with a thickness of 2 m in a range of 10 m around the caisson, covered with rip raps of 8 m thick.


title: Akashi Kaikyo Bridge

text: The bridge has three spans. The central span is , and the two other sections are each . The bridge is long overall. The two towers were originally apart, but the Great Hanshin earthquake on January 17, 1995 (magnitude 7.3, with epicenter 20 km west of Kobe) moved the towers (the only structures that had been erected at the time) such that the central span had to be increased by . The central span was required to be greater than 1,500 m to accommodate maritime traffic; it was concluded before construction began that a larger span between 1950 and 2050 meters would minimize construction costs.


title: Akashi Kaikyo Bridge

text: The bridge was designed with a dual-hinged stiffening girder system, allowing the structure to withstand winds of , earthquakes measuring up to magnitude 8.5, and harsh sea currents. The bridge also contains tuned mass dampers that are designed to operate at the resonance frequency of the bridge to dampen forces. The two main supporting towers rise above sea level, and the bridge can expand because of heat by up to over the course of a day. Each anchorage required of concrete. The steel cables have of wire: each cable is in diameter and contains 36,830 strands of wire.


title: Akashi Kaikyo Bridge

text: The Akashi–Kaikyo bridge has a total of 1,737 illumination lights: 1,084 for the main cables, 116 for the main towers, 405 for the girders and 132 for the anchorages. Sets of three high-intensity discharge lamps in the colors red, green and blue are mounted on the main cables. The RGB color model and computer technology make for a variety of combinations. Twenty-eight patterns are used for occasions such as national or regional holidays, memorial days or festivities.


title: Akashi Kaikyo Bridge

text: The total cost is estimated at ¥500 billion or US$3.6 billion (per 1998 exchange rates). It is expected to be repaid by charging drivers a toll to cross the bridge. The toll is 2,300 yen and the bridge is used by approximately 23,000 cars per day.


title: Characterization

text: Characterization or characterisation is the representation of persons (or other beings or creatures) in narrative and dramatic works. The term character development is sometimes used as a synonym. This representation may include direct methods like the attribution of qualities in description or commentary, and indirect (or "dramatic") methods inviting readers to infer qualities from characters' actions, dialogue, or appearance. Such a personage is called a character. Character is a literary element.


title: Characterization

text: The term "characterization" was introduced in the 19th century. Aristotle promoted the primacy of plot over characters, that is, a plot-driven narrative, arguing in his "Poetics" that tragedy "is a representation, not of men, but of action and life." This view was reversed in the 19th century, when the primacy of the character, that is, a character-driven narrative, was affirmed first with the realist novel, and increasingly later with the influential development of psychology.


title: Characterization

text: Characters in theater, television, and film differ from those in novels in that an actor may interpret the writer's description and dialogue in their own unique way to add new layers and depth to a character. This can be seen when critics compare, for example, the 'Lady Macbeths' or 'Heathcliffs' of different actors. Another major difference in drama is that it is not possible to 'go inside the character's head' in the way possible in a novel, meaning this method of character exposition is unavailable. Still another is that in drama, a character usually can be seen and heard and need not be described.


title: Characterization

text: Mythological characters have been depicted to be formulaic and are a part of a classification that consists of several differing, limited archetypes, which is type of component. Multiple components, such as archetypes and other elements of a story, together form a type of configuration that results in fully realized myth. These configurations can be mixed and matched together to form new types of configurations, and humans have never tired of using these configurations for their mythologies. This is an idea that uses the kaleidoscopic model on narrating for mythology. Another perspective holds that humans when reading or hearing a mythology do not dissect it into various parts, that when physically together humans do not tell stories by using limited components in a configuration, and that people and their cultures do change and thus this leads to new developments in stories, including characters.


title: Characterization

text: Mythological characters have influence that extends to recent works of literature. The poet Platon Oyunsky draws heavily from the native mythology of his homeland, the Yakut region in Russia and the Sahka people. In several of his stories, he depicts a main character that follows historic examples of heroism, but fashions the main character using Soviet examples of heroism, even using real life figures, such as Stalin, Lenin, etc. in a new type of mythology. These figures often play the lead in tragic stories full of sacrifice. An example of this includes his character Tygyn, who on his quest for peace determines that the only way for peace to exist is to use military strength to enforce. The use of mythology is used in Shakespeare's Hamlet as a device to parallel the characters and to reflect back on them their role in the story, such as the use of the Niobe myth and the twin sister of Gertrude.


title: Characterization

text: The psychologist Carl Jung identified twelve primary 'original patterns' of the human psyche. He believed that these reside in the collective subconscious of people across cultural and political boundaries. These twelve archetypes are often cited in fictional characters. 'Flat' characters may be considered so because they stick to a single archetype without deviating, whereas 'complex' or 'realistic' characters will combine several archetypes, with some being more dominant than others – as people are in real life.


title: Characterization

text: Jung's twelve archetypes are: the Innocent, the Orphan, the Hero, the Caregiver, the Explorer, the Rebel, the Lover, the Creator, the Jester, the Sage, the Magician, and the Ruler. However, Jung's notions of character archetypes have been considered problematic in a variety of ways. First, the use of these archetypes is often reductive and unhelpful for many writers since it simplifies character complexity into clichéd tropes.


title: Characterization

text: A character's voice is their manner of speech. Different characters use different vocabularies and rhythms of speech. For example, some characters are talkative, others taciturn. The way a character speaks can be a powerful way of revealing the character's personality. In theory, a reader should be able to identify which character is speaking simply from the way they talk. When a character voice has been created that is rich and distinctive, the writer can get away with omitting many speech attributions (tag lines).


title: Characterization

text: The manner of a character's speech is to literature what an actor's appearance and costume are to cinema. In fiction, what a character says, as well as how they say it, makes a strong impression on the reader. Each character should have their distinctive voice. To differentiate characters in fiction, the writer must show them doing and saying things, but a character must be defined by more than one single topic of conversation or by the character's accent. The character will have other interests or personality quirks as well. Although individual temperament is the largest determinant of what a character says, it is not the only one. The writer can make the characters' dialogue more realistic and interesting by considering several factors affecting how people speak: personality psychology, age, culture, family background, region, gender, education, and circumstances. Words characterize by their diction, cadence, complexity, attitude and fluency. Mannerisms and catch-phrases can help too. Considering the degree of formality in spoken language is also useful. Introverts tend to use more formal language compared to extroverts, who typically speak in a more casual and colloquial manner. Characters who spend a lot of their lives in a more formal setting often use a more formal language all the time, while others never do. Tone of voice, volume, rate of delivery, vocabulary, inflection, emphasis, pitch, topics of conversation, idioms, colloquialisms, and figures of speech: all of these are expressions of who the character is on the inside. A character's manner of speech must grow from the inside out. The speaking is how their essential personality leaks out for the world to see; it is not the sum total of their personality.


title: American Idol (season 16)

text: The sixteenth season of "American Idol" premiered on March 11, 2018, on the ABC television network. It is the show's first season to air on ABC, and after 15 years on Fox, Ryan Seacrest continued his role as the show's host, while Katy Perry, Luke Bryan, and Lionel Richie joined as judges. Maddie Poppe from Clarksville, Iowa won the season on May 21, 2018, while Caleb Lee Hutchinson was the runner-up, and Gabby Barrett finished in third place. Poppe was the first female winner since Candice Glover in season twelve.


title: American Idol (season 16)

text: In early 2017, "Variety" reported that FremantleMedia was in talks to revive the show for NBC or for its original network, Fox. A dispute between Fremantle and Core Media Group derailed these plans. Then, in May 2017, it was announced that ABC was making a bid to revive the program. Later, ABC announced that it had acquired the rights to the series, and that "American Idol" would return for the 2017–18 television season. On November 6, 2017, it was announced that the revival season would premiere on March 11, 2018.


title: American Idol (season 16)

text: On July 20, 2017, it was announced on "Live with Kelly and Ryan", that Ryan Seacrest would be returning as the host for the revival season. On May 16, 2017, Katy Perry was the first judge to be announced by ABC. On September 24, 2017, Luke Bryan was the second judge to be announced for the revival season. On September 29, 2017, Lionel Richie was the third and final judge to be announced. On February 21, 2018, it was announced that iHeartRadio radio personality Bobby Bones would be the mentor for the Top 24 this season.


title: American Idol (season 16)

text: On April 23, 2018, ABC announced that the April 29, May 6, and May 13 live shows of the season would air across all mainland U.S. time zones, a first for "American Idol". Radio Disney also broadcast its first season of "American Idol Insider".


title: American Idol (season 16)

text: In June 2017, it was announced that "American Idol" would begin two bus tours in 19 cities, later increased to 22, for audition starting August 17, 2017. Those who passed their first audition would go in front of the producers where they would be selected to appear before the judges in different cities. Instead of focusing on a city in each aired episode as in previous seasons, this season each episode showed a compilations of auditions from different cities.


title: American Idol (season 16)

text: During the live broadcast of the 2017 American Music Awards, three contestants who did not pass the audition in front of the judges were given one more chance to allow the public to vote for them. The three candidates were Maris, Britney Holmes and Dominique Smith. The winner of the golden ticket to Hollywood was then revealed the following night on an episode of "Dancing with the Stars". Lionel Richie appeared in the show announcing that the public vote was in favor of Britney Holmes, a 28-year-old vocal coach from Texas, who is headed to Hollywood as the first declared semifinalist of the season.


title: American Idol (season 16)

text: Hollywood Week aired over two episodes on March 26 and April 1. It featured three rounds: Lines of 10, Group Round, and Solo Round. In the first round, each contestant sang individually, and after ten sang, they gathered in a line. Those who impressed the judges and the producers advanced to the next round where the contestants performed in groups of four or five, singing a song together. The remaining auditionees who passed the group rounds performed their final solos to advance in the Showcase Round.


title: American Idol (season 16)

text: The Showcase Round aired on April 2, which featured the top 50 performing for the judges and a live audience at Exchange LA, a nightclub in Los Angeles. The following day, the judges narrowed the number of contestants down from 50 to 24 in the Final Judgement. The top 24 contestants then moved on to perform solos and celebrity duets.


title: American Idol (season 16)

text: The following is a list of the contestants who reached the Top 24 and the song they performed at the Showcase:


title: American Idol (season 16)

text: The Top 24 contestants were split into two groups of twelve. Prerecorded performances at the Academy in the Heart of LA of the first group aired on April 8 and the second group on April 15. On the following day each week, prerecorded performances of each contestant's duet aired, as did the judges' selection of seven contestants from each group to advance to the Top 14. "Idol" contestants were paired with celebrity singers as their duet partners. The artists who duetted with the Top 24 included: Banners, Aloe Blacc, Bishop Briggs, Cam, Colbie Caillat, Luis Fonsi, Andy Grammer, Lea Michele, Patrick Monahan, Rachel Platten, Bebe Rexha, Sugarland, and Allen Stone.


title: American Idol (season 16)

text: The Top 14 performances were taped on April 21, 2018, and aired on Sunday, April 22, followed with the live results on Monday, April 23.


title: American Idol (season 16)

text: The Top 7 performed tribute performances to the late Prince and songs from their birth years. Nick Jonas served as a guest mentor.


title: American Idol (season 16)

text: The Top 5 performed songs by Carrie Underwood and songs dedicated to their mothers. Underwood served as mentor for the week and performed with the contestants.


title: American Idol (season 16)

text: The Top 3 performed their winner’s song, a reprise of their favorite performance of the season and a song dedicated to their hometowns, which they visited. Bobby Bones returned as mentor this week.


title: American Idol (season 16)

text: On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the premiere episode holds an approval rating of 70% based on 20 reviews, with an average rating of 6.51/10. Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the season a score of 60 out of 100 based on eight reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews."


title: Yellowtail (fish)

text: A yellowtail may be any of several different species of fish. Most commonly the yellowtail amberjack "Seriola lalandi" is meant. In the context of sushi, yellowtail usually refers to the Japanese amberjack, "Seriola quinqueradiata". Other species called simply "yellowtail" include:


title: Caroline Ducey

text: Caroline Ducey (born Caroline Trousselard, 12 December 1976) is a French actress who has appeared in 34 films since 1994. Outside of her home country, she is best known for her controversial role in Catherine Breillat's 1999 film "Romance", a role for which she was awarded the 2000 Étoile d’or de la révélation féminine (Gold Star) by l’Académie de la presse du cinéma français. Ducey was nominated for the Prix Michel Simon film prize for Best Actress in "Familles je vous hais" (1997). In 2000, she was a member of the jury at the 22nd Moscow International Film Festival.


title: Stephanie

text: Stephanie is a female name that comes from the Greek name Στέφανος (Stephanos) meaning "crown". The male form is Stephen. Forms of Stephanie in other languages include the German "Stefanie", the Italian, Czech, Polish, and Russian "Stefania", the Portuguese "Estefânia" (although the use of that version has become rare, and both the English and French versions are the ones commonly used), and the Spanish "Estefanía". The form Stéphanie is from the French language, but Stephanie is now widely used both in English- and Spanish-speaking cultures.


title: Thomas Petrou

text: Thomas Petrou is an American social media personality and entrepreneur of Greek descent, known for his TikTok and YouTube channels. Petrou is a founder of The Hype House, a group of online-content creators and the Hollywood Spanish-style mansion that they reside in together. Thomas also briefly lived in the Team 10 house before being fired for unknown reasons in August 2019. As of August 8, 2022, Petrou has amassed over 1.87 million subscribers on YouTube and 7.9 million followers on TikTok.


title: Thomas Petrou

text: Petrou joined YouTube in 2015. Petrou joined Team 10 in May 2019 before announcing that he had been fired three months later for "no reason." Seven months after concluding his time at Team 10, he co-founded The Hype House, a collective of creators who live in a large-house in Los Angeles and make content together, with Alex Warren, Kouvr Annon, Daisy Keech, and Chase Hudson.


title: Thomas Petrou

text: Alongside other Hype House members, Petrou starred in a reality television series about the collective, also titled "Hype House", which premiered on Netflix on January 7, 2022.


title: Thomas Petrou

text: In March 2020, Daisy Keech left The Hype House after claiming she felt as though she was being left out of important decisions regarding the group, before suing Petrou and other founding member Hudson. In May 2020, controversy arose between Bryce Hall, a member of another online-content creator collective called the Sway House, and Petrou. Hall accused Petrou of stealing money from members of The Hype House and handling his personal financials poorly. After Petrou direct messaged Hall suggesting that they should work through their problems on Hall's podcast, Hall posted the screenshot of the messages to which Petrou responded by posting more of their online interactions in order to provide context to the situation.


title: Super (2005 film)

text: Super is a 2005 Indian Telugu-language heist action film produced by Nagarjuna on Annapurna Studios banner, written and directed by Puri Jagannadh. Starring Nagarjuna, Sonu Sood, Anushka Shetty and Ayesha Takia in lead roles and music composed by Sandeep Chowta. This film Ais debut film of Anushka Shetty and Ayesha Takia. Upon release the film had a mixed response by the critics. The film was also dubbed and released in Hindi as "Robbery" and in Tamil with the same title.


title: Super (2005 film)

text: Akhil owns a call cab service, who soon falls in love with a doctor named Siri Valli, who soon falls in love with Akhil as well. Sonu is a big-time hi-tech robber, who used to work for Siri's father and so he adopts her as his sister after their family falls into bad times. Incidentally, Akhil and Sonu are enemies. When Sonu realizes that Siri is deeply in love with Akhil, he asks her to put an end to their relationship and to never see him again. Siri goes to Akhil's house to find out why Sonu and he are enemies. Akhil reveals that Sonu's real sister Sasha had loved Akhil, but Sasha was murdered, which makes Sonu to suspect Akhil as Sasha's murderer.


title: Super (2005 film)

text: Due to this, Akhil decided to live a normal life. The artist who's trying to draw a picture of Sonu, ends up drawing Akhil's picture. The police arrest Akhil, who also looks like one of the mysterious guys from a police surveillance video. According to the video, it is revealed that Sasha was murdered. Akhil lies to the cops that he's not in the video. The artist says that Akhil's not a thief. Sonu follows Akhil to the "Biker's club". Akhil and Sonu realize that the Biker's club owner Mama is responsible for their robberies and Sasha's death. Sasha was at the club late, where she finds out that Mama's men are the ones who told them to rob the diamonds.


title: Super (2005 film)

text: The goons planned to kill the trio (Akhil, Sonu, and Sasha) right after they succeed in the robbery. Sasha escapes, but the goons kills her and makes Akhil and Sonu believe that she committed suicide. After Sonu learns about the truth, he reconciles with Akhil, but Mama reveals he kidnapped Siri and tells Akhil and Sonu to rob the same diamonds which they were supposed to rob in Mumbai. They successfully rob the diamonds by blowing up underneath the truck carrying the diamonds "(inspired by "The Italian Job")" and falling into the sea. Akhil dives into the ocean and retrieves the diamonds.


title: Super (2005 film)

text: The cops chases Sonu and Akhil on motorboats. One of the cops shoots Sonu, who falls into the ocean. Akhil does not stop and heads over to Mama's place. Akhil gets a hold of Sonu, who was wearing a bullet-proof vest. Sonu, (who is alive) rushes to save Siri from Mama's clutches. Akhil and Sonu manage to kill everyone and keep the diamonds. The artist finally draws Sonu's picture, but the police don't believe the artist, and that the captain already got transferred to another town. Akhil and Sonu give a diamond to the artist to draw a picture of Akhil & Siri, to which the artist tells that he learned to draw in prison.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: Pink (stylized PINK) is a lingerie and apparel line by Victoria's Secret, a former subsidiary of L Brands, targeting younger women than their main line. The target demographic consists of youth from ages 13 to 22. PINK had a regular segment featuring their products in the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show, held through 2018. Sales at the company were initially swift, reaching $1 billion in 2010. Reports of decline due to shifting consumer preferences appeared in 2018.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: On October 16, 2002, Victoria's Secret announced the launch of PINK, a new sub-brand and product line. While originally aimed at "tween" girls ages 10–12, the brand would eventually state its official target demographic is teen girls and college-age women. The product first appeared in late 2003 in select stores, with a full chain-wide roll out in July 2004. The company often placed its stores side-by-side with Victoria's Secret stores.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: The PINK brand sells underwear, swimsuits, sleepwear, loungewear, beauty products, and accessories. The brand was launched strategically, to increase and preserve future Victoria's Secret customers (i.e, ages 21+) and market share by building an expanded pipeline of customers whose brand awareness and loyalty are established and cemented up to 10 years earlier, as tweens and teens.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: Pink's competition in the lingerie market for the youth demographic includes Abercrombie & Fitch and Aerie by American Eagle. The company's pajamas and sweat pants proved popular within the teenage and preteen set from 2006.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: The company grew rapidly in the 2000s, adding stores domestically, and by 2010, sales at PINK reached $1 billion. On November 1, 2009, PINK established its first stand-alone store in Canada, prior to the main Victoria's Secret brand opening its first Canadian store on August 12, 2010.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: After working as a leading executive at L Brands and Bath and Body Works, Richard Dent joined the management team at PINK in 2005. He held several key leadership roles at PINK, including the jointly-held responsibilities of COO, SVP, and co-leader of the division. Under Dent's leadership, the brand established a partnership with the National Football League (NFL), Major League Baseball (MLB) and the Collegiate Licensing Company for use of the names and logos of 60 universities in a line of PINK clothing. The Pink "Collegiate Collection" was released in July 2008. Dent expanded the company’s college line in 2009 to include historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs), in response to a campaign by a student at Howard University.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: Denise Landman was appointed CEO at PINK in 2011 and served until she retired at the end of 2018. Landman was succeeded by Amy Hauk as CEO in 2019.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: The PINK line has been promoted through college tours, and in 2011, the brand continued to work in partnership with NFL teams to market apparel containing team logos to teenage girls and college-aged women.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: Reports of declining sales at PINK began to appear in 2018, following shifts in consumer preferences towards athleisure and a move towards more body-positive brands of underwear than parent brand Victoria's Secret. Analysts have regarded PINK as more nimble, with a better track record of shifting their marketing towards inclusivity, than their parent brand, which faced an onslaught of controversy in 2019 and 2020. As of 2020, the company had 141 stores, all attached to Victoria's Secret stores.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: In March 2013, Victoria's Secret PINK launched a marketing campaign for its "Bright Young Things" underwear line, directed at teen and pre-teen girls, that drew considerable negative attention. The underwear contained wording such as "call me", "feeling lucky", and "wild". A Change.org petition calling for the company to discontinue its product line amassed over 24,000 subscribers. After the criticism increased, Victoria's Secret removed the items from the company's website and said that the ad campaign was meant for college-age women.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: Kylie Bisutti, a former Victoria's Secret model, headlined several Pink to Purpose events from 2013 to 2015, and since 2018. These events, unrelated to the retailer, are described as an encouragement for women "to leave the PINK lifestyle to find PURPOSE!" Bisutti perceives her past as "being at the pinnacle of the PINK lifestyle of fake, broken relationships".


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: PINK was central to the controversy around longtime L Brands Chief Marketing Officer Ed Razek's 2018 interview with "Vogue", in which he spoke out against the inclusion of plus-size and trans models in the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show specifically, and the Victoria's Secret business model, generally. In August 2019, the first openly transgender model, Valentina Sampaio, was hired to work for PINK; Razek's resignation was announced just days later.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: PINK is a division of Victoria's Secret, and was owned by American retail company L Brands. Victoria's Secret was a subsidiary of L Brands, with financials for PINK reported jointly with those of Victoria's Secret.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: In a 2009 letter to shareholders, the company's founder, Les Wexner, stated in that PINK had "brought vitality, youth, energy, and an all-new customer base to base Victoria's Secret."


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: The PINK brand has its own spokesmodels that serve as brand ambassadors. Zuri Tibby became the brand's first spokesmodel of color in 2016.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: PINK has a college line that focuses brand recognition through public university athletics, started in 2008 under the leadership of Richard Dent.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: The company has partnered with both MLB and the NFL for lines launched by Prinsloo as well as then Angels Chanel Iman, Erin Heatherton, and Candice Swanepoel. Since then, spokesmodels, including Hosk and Jessica Hart, have attended sporting events to promote joint ventures with MLB and the NFL.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: Starting in 2010, the brand marketed their product line at spring break parties, often hosted by a pair of female models (including Behati Prinsloo, Chanel Iman, Elsa Hosk, Rachel Hilbert, Sara Sampaio, and Devon Windsor) and a male guest such as Alexander Ludwig, Nick Jonas, Cody Simpson, or Diego Boneta


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: The brand, via a "PINK Nation" campaign, has also promoted their products with campus bashes featuring popular performers, as in 2014 with Iggy Azalea at University of Nevada Las Vegas.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: Additional models appeared at events for the brand, including Taylor Marie Hill, Emily Didonato, and Jessica Strother as well as the celebrity Ashlee Simpson.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: There has been segment for PINK in the annual Victoria's Secret Fashion Show from 2006 to 2018, the final year the show was held.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: In 2007, the brand held an event featuring spokesmodel Miranda Kerr, alongside Jessica Stam and Rosie Huntington-Whiteley. The company ran a contest called "Pink Road Trip to the Runway", awarding a spot in the 2007 fashion show to winner, Katie Wile.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: The Fashion Show runway segment for PINK was initially accompanied by recorded music from popular artists. From 2010 through 2018, the PINK runway segment featured live performances by widely recognized music acts. Katy Perry was the first live performer for the PINK runway at Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2010, performing a medley from her recently released "Teenage Dream" album, in addition to performing "Firework" in a segment for the main Victoria's Secret brand.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: In 2012, Justin Bieber performed during the Pink segment of the fashion show, while the notorious bicycle corset, featuring only handlebars with streamers, was modeled by Jessica Hart.


title: Pink (Victoria's Secret)

text: PINK has also marketed their brand by sponsoring fashion show viewing parties during air time, such as in 2013 at West Virginia University.


title: Suite: Judy Blue Eyes

text: "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" is a song written by Stephen Stills and performed by Crosby, Stills & Nash (CSN). It appeared on the group's self-titled debut album in 1969 and was released as a single, reaching number 21 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 pop singles chart. In Canada, "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" peaked at number 11. The song imitates the form of a classical music suite as an ordered set of musical pieces.


title: Suite: Judy Blue Eyes

text: The title "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" (a play on words for "Sweet Judy Blue Eyes") refers to Stephen Stills' former girlfriend, singer/songwriter Judy Collins, and the lyrics to most of the suite's sections consist of his thoughts about her and their imminent breakup. During a July 15, 2007 interview for the National Public Radio program "All Things Considered", Stills revealed that Collins was present in the studio when the demo tapes were recorded and had advised him, "Don't stay in here [in the studio] all night now." Stills also commented that the breakup with Collins "was imminent. ... We were just a little too big for one house." Stills said that he liked parts of this demo version of "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" better than the released version; the song and other demos of early Crosby, Stills and Nash songs were released commercially on the album "Just Roll Tape".


title: Suite: Judy Blue Eyes

text: Collins and Stills had met in 1967 and dated for two years. In 1969, she was appearing in the New York Shakespeare Festival musical production of "Peer Gynt" and had fallen in love with her co-star Stacy Keach, eventually leaving Stills for him. Stills was devastated by the possible breakup and wrote the song as a response to his sadness. In a 2000 interview, Collins gave her impressions of when she first heard the song:


title: Suite: Judy Blue Eyes

text: The recording features an acoustic guitar tuned to EEEEBE ("Bruce Palmer Modal Tuning") vs. the standard EADGBE tuning. This style of tuning would later be used for the "Déjà Vu" songs "4+20" and "Carry On".


title: Suite: Judy Blue Eyes

text: "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" has four distinct sections. The timings below are for the full album version. The shortened version released as a single cut the second and fourth verses from the first section, the third and fourth verses from the second section, and the final verse and preceding break from the third section, and shortened the guitar break between the second and the third sections. The final section is the only part that stayed fully intact on the single.


title: Suite: Judy Blue Eyes

text: The first section is a traditional pop song with four verses, featuring a chorus of "I am yours, you are mine, you are what you are." Running at approximately 2:56, the lead vocal is performed by Stills, with Crosby and Nash providing harmonies.


title: Suite: Judy Blue Eyes

text: The second section is performed in half time relative to the first section, and features four verses of three-part harmony from the band, with Stills performing a brief vocal solo between the second and third. This section runs from 2:56 to 4:43.


title: Suite: Judy Blue Eyes

text: The third section is more upbeat and features poetic lyrics ("chestnut brown canary, ruby-throated sparrow"), lasting from 4:43 to 6:25. Each of the three phrases is initially sung by Stills, with Nash then joining, and finally Crosby rounding out the harmonies. Connecting the phrases are instrumental breaks performed by Stills on acoustic guitar.


title: Suite: Judy Blue Eyes

text: The final section (the coda) is sung in Spanish, with "doo-doo-doo-da-doo" backing vocals, starting at 6:34 until the song concludes. Stills has said that he intentionally made the final stanzas unexpected and difficult, even using a foreign language for the lyrics, "just to make sure nobody would understand it" (not even Spanish speaking people).


title: Suite: Judy Blue Eyes

text: The final section has been parodied many times, notably in Frank Zappa's compositions "Billy the Mountain" and "Magdalena" on The Mothers of Invention's album "Just Another Band From L.A." "Weird Al" Yankovic performs a takeoff of it ("Mission Statement") on his 2014 album "Mandatory Fun"; instead of Spanish, the lyrics are corporate buzzwords strung together in such a way as to be ultimately nonsensical. It is also sampled in the 2010 Cypress Hill song "Armada Latina".


title: Suite: Judy Blue Eyes

text: The final section of the song is included on the CSNY live album "4 Way Street". It fades in on the opening of side one of the album. CSN also performed "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" as their opening song at the Woodstock and Live Aid festivals, and their performance at the former is featured in the film "Woodstock" (1970).