title: Daily Bugle

text: In the first issue of "Runaways" vol. 2, Victor Mancha states in an exchange about Spider-Man that ""The only people who think he's a criminal are Fox News and the "Daily Bugle". And the "Bugle" is, like, the least respected newspaper in New York City."" The paper's major named competitors are the "Daily Globe", which implicitly takes a more balanced look at the superhero, "Front Line", run by EIC Ben Urich and Sally Floyd, and "The Alternative". After Peter Parker revealed he is Spider-Man and the "Bugle" planned to sue him for fraud, the paper itself was put on the defensive with front page accusations from "The Globe" (with information secretly supplied by "Bugle" reporter Betty Brant) of libeling the superhero.


title: Daily Bugle

text: The adventures of the staff of the newspaper beyond Peter Parker have been depicted in two series, "Daily Bugle" and "The Pulse".


title: Daily Bugle

text: After Jameson suffered a near-fatal heart attack, his wife sold the "Bugle" to rival newspaper man Dexter Bennett, who changed the name to The DB (either standing for Dexter Bennett or "Daily Bugle"), and transformed it into a scandal sheet. Since after "Brand New Day" no one knows the secret identity of Spider-Man anymore, the animosity between Jameson and Parker is retconned as a simple financial question, with Jameson's heart attack coming right after a monetary request from Peter.


title: Daily Bugle

text: The reputation of the DB since the mention in Runaways has plummeted down because of the new, scandalistic angle Bennett gives it. Several reporters unwilling, or refusing the new course, like Peter himself, are forced to go away, finding a new safe haven in the "Front Line", the only magazine willing to accept people fired by Bennett, pursuing a "scorched earth" policy over them.


title: Daily Bugle

text: The villain Electro targeted Dexter Bennett because of a government bailout plan for the financially strapped paper. Spider-Man intervened, and during a battle inside the DB offices, the entire building was demolished, bringing an end to the newspaper as well.


title: Daily Bugle

text: Front Line was a newspaper founded and run by Ben Urich and Sally Floyd. The organization was formed in "" #11 as Frontlines.com. The newspaper appeared in the miniseries "" and "Siege: Embedded". Originally it was not competitive with the "Daily Bugle" while Jameson was still in charge, but it became an alternative view to "The DB" once Bennett took control.


title: Daily Bugle

text: Sometime after the DB's destruction, Jameson, now the mayor of New York cashed in the DB shares he acquired from Bennett and gave the money to Robbie Robertson. Jameson asked Robertson to remake "Front Line" (which itself was on hard times) into the new "Daily Bugle".


title: Daily Bugle

text: In the "Age of Apocalypse" timeline, the "Daily Bugle" is a clandestine paper run by humans meant to inform the public about the secrets of Apocalypse, here the tyrannical ruler of North America. This "Daily Bugle" is run by a Robbie Robertson, who is killed by a Brood-infected Christopher Summers, leaving the status of the paper unknown.


title: Daily Bugle

text: The "Daily Bugle" appears in the Amalgam (DC & Marvel Comics) world. Similar to the mainstream "Bugle", employees include J. Jonah White, Tana Moon, Jack Ryder and Spider-Boy. In this world, the Daily Bugle regularly produces cover stories revolving around Spider-Boy's love life.


title: Daily Bugle

text: In the "Marvel 1602" setting, Jameson is publisher of the first "news-sheet" in the New World; the "Daily Trumpet".


title: Daily Bugle

text: In this alternate reality, the "Daily Bugle" exists mostly as a propaganda machine for the ruling mutant hierarchy. Stories can be and are repressed if they aren't favorable enough to mutants. In this reality, a blue-skinned woman named Cerena Taylor is the editor-in-chief. Other staff members include Bugman (the "Daily Bugle"'s paparazzi driver), Jacob Guntherson (the Daily Bugle's photographer), and Triporter (the Daily Bugle's three-eyed reporter).


title: Daily Bugle

text: In the "Ultimate Marvel" universe, the "Bugle" is much the same as in the 616 version. The main difference is that Peter Parker is not employed as a photographer, but works on the newspaper's website after Jameson sees him assist with a problem. The newspaper plays less of a role in "Ultimate Spider-Man" than it did in the comics portraying the equivalent period of the 616 Spider-Man's career. Peter frequently implies that he doesn't spend much time there. After the events of Ultimatum, the "Daily Bugle", much like the rest of New York, was heavily damaged. Instead of a full rebuild, the "Bugle" was made into an online newspaper and blog.


title: Daily Bugle

text: The "Daily Bugle" appears in the live-action films "Spider-Man" (2002), "Spider-Man 2" (2004), and "Spider-Man 3" (2007), all directed by Sam Raimi. This version is housed in the Flatiron Building like in the "Marvels" miniseries, with J. Jonah Jameson (portrayed by J. K. Simmons) as the editor in-chief, Robbie Robertson (portrayed by Bill Nunn) as associate editor, and Betty Brant (portrayed by Elizabeth Banks), Peter Parker (portrayed by Tobey Maguire), and Eddie Brock (portrayed by Topher Grace) as employees. One "Bugle" employee who appears exclusively in the films is Hoffman (portrayed by Ted Raimi), who serves as comic relief and is frequently harassed by Jameson.


title: Daily Bugle

text: Ben Urich appears in the live-action film "Daredevil" (2003), although he works for the "New York Post" instead, as the film rights to the "Daily Bugle" were owned by Columbia Pictures at the time.


title: Daily Bugle

text: The "Daily Bugle" appears as both a newspaper and television station in the live-action films "The Amazing Spider-Man" (2012) and "The Amazing Spider-Man 2" (2014), both directed by Marc Webb. Peter Parker (portrayed by Andrew Garfield) works for the "Bugle" in the second film. Jameson is mentioned, but does not appear physically. To promote the second film, an official "Daily Bugle" blog was hosted on Tumblr, where promotional material was posted as in-universe articles.


title: Daily Bugle

text: In films set in Sony's Spider-Man Universe, the "Daily Bugle" appears as a newspaper outlet with the same title treatment as the version seen in Sam Raimi's "Spider-Man" trilogy.


title: Daily Bugle

text: In the live-action film "" (2021), the "Bugle" documents convicted serial killer Cletus Kasady's crimes, which Eddie Brock (portrayed by Tom Hardy) and Patrick Mulligan read while separately collecting evidence for his crimes. In the mid-credits scene, Brock and Venom are transported to the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) and watch Jameson of "TheDailyBugle.net" broadcasting Peter Parker's identity as Spider-Man, as seen in "Far From Home".


title: Daily Bugle

text: During the events of the film "Morbius" (2022), Milo (Matt Smith) orders a "Daily Bugle" newspaper from a street news stand in New York City. The organization is also established to have an online presence in a similar fashion to "TheDailyBugle.net". In a deleted scene, Michael Morbius reads the front page of a "Bugle" newspaper covering his apprehension by the police for a "vampire murder" case.


title: Daily Bugle

text: Christine Everhart is featured prominently in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films "Iron Man" (2008) and "Iron Man 2" (2010) as well as part of promotional material for "Ant-Man" (2015) and "" (2016). Due to Sony Pictures owning the "Spider-Man" film rights and all associated characters and organizations at the time, Everhart was not announced as being portrayed as a reporter for the "Daily Bugle." Instead, she initially works as a journalist for "Vanity Fair" before transitioning towards being an anchor for the in-universe news organization "WHIH Newsfront" in later years.


title: Daily Bugle

text: Ben Urich appears as a series regular in the first season of the Netflix television series "Marvel's Daredevil". However, since the show was in production prior to Marvel Studios and Sony Pictures' agreement to share the "Spider-Man" film rights, the crew on the show were also restricted from adapting the character as a "Daily Bugle" employee. Instead, he works for the fictional newspaper agency the "New York Bulletin", whose origins in the comics included the company being established by Caxton J. Ford, a former "Daily Bugle" employee. The agency is also featured prominently throughout the rest of Marvel's Netflix television series, which all share continuity with the MCU.


title: Daily Bugle

text: A controversial online news outlet called TheDailyBugle.net appears in the mid-credits scene of the live-action film "" (2019). The outlet is run by J. Jonah Jameson (again portrayed by J. K. Simmons), who plays doctored footage sent in by one of Mysterio's associates to demonize Spider-Man (portrayed by Tom Holland) before publicly revealing his secret identity.


title: Daily Bugle

text: The outlet and Jameson return in the sequel "" (2021) and the web series "The Daily Bugle" (2019–present), the latter of which is headlined by Simmons as Jameson and Angourie Rice as Betty Brant. In the film, Jameson launches a misinformed slander campaign against Parker following the reveal of his secret identity as Spider-Man while Brant, who is undergoing an internship at the firm, serves as a correspondent for Jameson while continuing her work on Midtown High's news program, covering Parker's celebrity status within the school. Following Doctor Strange's second, successful attempt at wiping the world's knowledge of Peter's civilian identity, Jameson resumes his coverage of Spider-Man's vigilante activity while promising his viewers that he will uncover the truth of his secret identity.


title: Daily Bugle

text: The "Daily Bugle" appears in the Broadway musical "", with J. Jonah Jameson portrayed by Michael Mulheren through the entirety of the play's run.


title: Daily Bugle

text: An unrelated "Daily Bugle" appears in the untelevised DC Comics-related pilot "The Adventures of Superpup".


title: Blooming onion

text: A blooming onion, also called onion bloom, onion blossom, onion flower, bloomin' onion, or onion mum, is a dish consisting of one large onion, cut to resemble a flower (after it has expanded while soaking in ice water), battered, and deep-fried, often served with dipping sauce. It is served as an appetizer at some restaurants.


title: Blooming onion

text: References to an "onion mum" consisting of an onion cut into the shape of a flower date as far back as 1947, though this dish did not fry or cook the onion. The more popular fried version of the dish was likely invented in 1985 at New Orleans restaurant Russell's Marina Grill, where future Outback Steakhouse founder Tim Gannon worked at the time.


title: Blooming onion

text: The dish was popularized in the United States when it appeared as "Bloomin' Onion", a charter feature of the Outback Steakhouse when that national chain opened in 1988. It is usually served with a restaurant-specific signature dipping sauce.


title: Blooming onion

text: From June 21, 2016, Outback Steakhouse began serving a limited time only variant of the Bloomin' Onion, the Loaded Bloomin' Onion.


title: Blooming onion

text: The egg wash and deep frying preparation process of the dish means it is high in calories; a single blooming onion with dressing contains approximately 1660 calories and 87 grams of fat. In 2007, a study by the Center for Science in the Public Interest found a fat content of 116 grams, including a combined 44 grams of saturated and trans fat.


title: Blooming onion

text: When it existed, the similarly styled Awesome Blossom at Chili's was ranked "Worst Appetizer in America" by "Men's Health" magazine in 2008 for the unusually high totals of calories and fat, with 2,710 calories, 203 grams (1,827 calories) of fat, 194 grams of carbohydrates, and 6,360 milligrams of sodium, with as much fat as 67 strips of bacon. For reference, the U.S. Reference Daily Intake for fat is 65g and for sodium is 2300 mg, assuming a 2000-calorie diet, while typical daily food energy recommendations lie in the range of 1600-3000 calories.


title: Up (R.E.M. album)

text: Up is the eleventh studio album by American rock band R.E.M., released on October 26, 1998, by Warner Bros. Records. It was the band's first album without drummer Bill Berry, who retired from the group in October of 1997. In his place, R.E.M. used session drummers like Joey Waronker and Barrett Martin, as well as programming drum machines. The band has said that the album probably would have sounded much the same with Berry, as initial rehearsals with him had commenced, but his departure almost “broke” them and "hung over" the resulting recordings.


title: Up (R.E.M. album)

text: "Up" saw R.E.M. move into electronic music-influenced territory after delivering "New Adventures in Hi-Fi" in 1996. Ending a 10-year relationship with co-producer Scott Litt, the band engaged the production assistance of Pat McCarthy, who was assisted on most tracks by engineer Nigel Godrich, Radiohead's producer. The single "Daysleeper" became a Top 10 UK hit, and "Lotus", The Beach Boys-influenced "At My Most Beautiful" and "Suspicion" were also released as singles.


title: Up (R.E.M. album)

text: "There are certain things I set out to do," Michael Stipe noted. "Rough ideas that I wanted to play around with. One of them was the religious-spiritual versus science-technology-modern-age. There are several songs on the record that, to me, address that. I don't know how other people are going to take them. It's taking off a little bit from 'Undertow' and 'New Test Leper', with the freedom of 'E-Bow the Letter' and 'Country Feedback' – songs that just come out. What I really wanted was more of that automatic, unconscious stuff… greatly inspired by Patti Smith and various others… Bert Downs said the record's about people falling down and getting back up again. He said there's a lot of that imagery. I'm like, 'Really?'"


title: Up (R.E.M. album)

text: Breaking with a tradition that stretched back to the band's 1983 debut, "Murmur", Stipe elected to have his complete lyrics included in "Up"'s CD booklet, a practice he would maintain on all subsequent R.E.M. studio albums. "[Mike Mills] was reading the lyrics," he explained, "and he said, 'These are really great – we should print them on the record sleeve.' It was a really good night and there were eight or nine songs on the wall. I said, 'Yeah, we will'… I thought it was a nice way of saying that we are a different band now."


title: Up (R.E.M. album)

text: "Up" reached number 3 in the U.S. (with 16 weeks on the "Billboard" 200) and #2 in the UK, but didn't have the staying power of the band's previous albums, and thus had the band's lowest sales in years. "The things that we have to do creatively for the band may not be the most commercial things," Mike Mills observed. "That isn't the point. The point is to keep it fresh and interesting and alive."


title: Up (R.E.M. album)

text: "It will certainly sound strange to those who only own "Automatic for the People" and repeat-play the hits," wrote Danny Eccleston in a 4-star review for "Q". "Conversely, anyone who has a healthy number of R.E.M. records – let's say four – and plays them regularly, should manage to listen to "Up" without his head exploding or tossing herself off a tall building or any of the weird things people are meant to do when faced with music they don't quite understand. This is R.E.M. after all. We couldn't even hear the lyrics until album five."


title: Up (R.E.M. album)

text: Although R.E.M. initially intended not to tour for the album, after many successful promotional concerts upon the album's release, the band quickly arranged a four-month arena tour of Europe and America during the summer of 1999. As of March 2007, "Up" has sold 664,000 units in the U.S.


title: Up (R.E.M. album)

text: In 2005, Warner Bros. Records issued an expanded two-disc edition of "Up" which includes a CD, a DVD-Audio disc containing a 5.1-channel surround sound mix of the album done by Elliot Scheiner, and the original CD booklet with expanded liner notes.


title: Up (R.E.M. album)

text: In 1999, "Nude as the News" ranked the album at number 74 in its list of "The 100 Most Compelling Albums of the Decade". That same year, Australian magazine "Juice" ranked it at number 38 in its list of the "100 Greatest Albums of the '90s". In 2005, journalist Jude Rogers included the album in "The Word"'s list "Hidden Treasure: Great Underrated Albums of Our Time", whose inductions were chosen by celebrities. It also appeared in at least 22 magazine lists of the greatest albums of 1998.


title: Up (R.E.M. album)

text: All songs by Peter Buck, Mike Mills and Michael Stipe, except "Hope" by Buck, Mills, Stipe and Leonard Cohen.


title: Up (R.E.M. album)

text: Cohen was not directly involved in the writing of "Hope" but was given a writing credit by the band due to similarities in melody and lyrical pattern to his "Suzanne".


title: Up (R.E.M. album)

text: Two non-album tracks from the "Up" sessions appeared as single-only releases, as well as alternate versions of four album tracks.


title: Breathwork

text: Breathwork is a New Age term for various breathing practices in which the conscious control of breathing is said to influence a person's mental, emotional or physical state, with a claimed therapeutic effect. There is limited evidence that breathwork may be helpful for relaxation and stress in a similar way to meditation. Although there are claims that breathwork may provide other health benefits, no other health benefits have been proven. During a breathwork session, individuals will typically lie down and be instructed to breathe using particular methods, depending on the sub-type of breathwork. In addition to a practitioner, breathwork sessions will often have "sitters" present. Sitters are individuals who provide emotional or physical support to those practicing breathwork. Most breathwork sessions last around an hour. Breathwork practitioners believe that an individual's particular pattern of passive breathing can lead to insights about their unconscious mind.


title: Breathwork

text: Some common side effects include "sleepiness; tingling in the hands, feet, or face; and a sense of altered consciousness that can be distressing to some." Breathwork is generally considered safe if done with a skilled practitioner, but contraindications such as cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, high blood pressure, mental illness, severe asthma, or seizure disorders, among others, may make this practice risky. Relying on this treatment alone instead of seeking conventional medical care for mental or physical illnesses may have serious health consequences.


title: Breathwork

text: Breathwork is a method of breath control that attempts to give rise to altered states of consciousness, and to have an effect on physical and mental well-being. Derived from various spiritual and pre-scientific traditions from around the world, it was pioneered in the West by Wilhelm Reich. According to Jack Raso, "breathwork" is described by proponents as a multiform "healing modality" characterized by stylized breathing. Its purported design is to effect physical, emotional, and spiritual change. Such a process can allegedly "dissolve limiting programs" that are "stored" in the mind and body, and increases one's ability to handle more "energy". Vipassana Meditation focuses on breathing in and around the nose to calm the mind (anapanasati).


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: Hornsea Wind Farm is a Round 3 wind farm which began construction in 2018. Sited in the North Sea off the east coast of England, the eventual wind farm group is planned to have a total capacity of up to 6 gigawatt (GW).


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: The development has been split into a number of subzones. The 1.2 GW Project 1 gained planning consent in 2014. Construction of Hornsea One started in January 2018, and the first turbines began supplying power to the UK national electricity grid in February 2019. The turbines were all installed by October 2019 and the equipment fully commissioned in December 2019. With a capacity of 1,218 MW, it was the largest in the world on its completion.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: A second 1.4 GW Project 2 was given planning consent in 2016. First power was achieved in December 2021, and it became fully operational in August 2022 overtaking Hornsea One as the largest offshore wind farm in the world.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: In 2016 a third subzone was split into two projects Hornsea 3 and 4, with approximate capacities of 1–2 GW and 1 GW, increasing the capacity of the developed project to a maximum of 6 GW.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: The tendering process for Round 3 offshore wind farm opportunities was begun by the Crown Estate in 2008. Bids were received in March 2009, and Zone Development Agreements signed in December 2009. The Hornsea development zone was awarded to a joint venture (SMart Wind) of Siemens and a consortium "Mainstream Renewable Power" including Hochtief. The development had an estimated potential generating capacity of 4 GW.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: The Hornsea site is one of three off the British coast in the North Sea, roughly halfway between the other two: Dogger Bank Wind Farm and East Anglia Wind Farm. The Hornsea site ('Zone 4', also known as 'Holderness' zone) has a total area of , and is from land at the closest point; water depth in the zone is from , with a tidal range of , and typical annual wave height of . The surface of the seabed consists primarily of sands and gravel.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: In 2011 the Danish firm Ørsted A/S (then named DONG Energy) became a partner in SMart Wind. In early 2015 Ørsted A/S became the 100% owner of the first phase, Project 1, of the scheme. Ørsted acquired rights to the remaining subzones of the Hornsea development (2 & 3) by August 2015.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: In 2016 Ørsted reached an agreement with the Crown Estate for amended plans for the Hornsea Two and Hornsea Three phases. Hornsea Three was split into two new projects, Hornsea Three and Hornsea Four; the new phases were expected to be developed in the 2020s. The changes increased the potential generating capacity of the wind farm to 6 GW, with Hornsea Three estimated at 1–2 GW and Hornsea Four at about 1 GW.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: The initial scoping report for "Project One" within the Hornsea zone identified it as a subzone of in the centre of the Hornsea zone, with an estimated potential wind farm of 1.2 GW, divided into two further subzones of 600 MW capacity each. The zone was to connect to an existing 400 kV National Grid substation at Killingholme. A variety of configurations were considered – foundations of pile jacket, monopile or gravity base; turbines from 3.6 to 8 MW rated power; with electrical power export by HVDC. Later DONG Energy added the consideration to use HVAC export cables. The chosen cable export was planned to make landfall at Horseshoe Point (northeast of Marshchapel, East Lindsey), then passing west and northwest to a substation near Killingholme Power Station, North Killingholme in North Lincolnshire.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: Within the zone of Project 1 the primary underlying geology consisted of deposits from the Quaternary Period consisting of Bolders bank, Botney Cut and Eem formations – primarily sediments or tills – gravelley/sandy clays, overlying sediments were sands or gravels up to thick, with waves within the area varying in height by . Project 1 water depths were generally .


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: In 2011 Smart Wind signed lease agreements with the Crown Estate for "Heron Wind" and "Njord" areas making up the zone. The zone was given provisional contract for difference renewable subsidies by the UK government in April 2014. Hornsea Project 1 was given planning consent in December 2014. The 'contract for difference' strike price was £140 per MWh. In early 2015 DONG acquired all of the project, becoming 100% owner.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: Seabed investigation including boreholes at turbine foundation positions was completed by Fugro by April 2015. In mid 2015 DONG selected Siemens Wind Power 7 MW turbines with rotor turbines for the project – around 171 turbines would be used for the wind farm. In its 2015 financial report DONG stated it had chosen to use suction bucket foundations on a third of the turbines at Hornsea. The rationale for use of the new foundation type is thought to be a simplified foundation installation, requiring only a heavy-lift crane to lower the foundation to the sea bed, reducing costs.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: DONG Energy formally committed to building the wind farm in early 2016. The expected completion date for the project was 2020. A £25 million contract to construct the onshore substation at North Killingholme had been awarded to Balfour Beatty in late 2015.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: NKT Cables and ABB were awarded €139 (c. $158) million and $250 million contracts to supply 220 kV AC export cables in March/April 2016. In late 2016 JDR Cables was contracted to supply of inter-array subsea power cables for the wind farm; Nexans was awarded a contract for of inter-array cables; and EEW was awarded a contract to supply 116 monopiles.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: Bladt Industries/Offshore Structures (Britain) Ltd. was awarded a contract for 96 tower transition pieces in early 2017, to be constructed at Aalborg, Denmark and Billingham, UK.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: The wind farm was scheduled to be constructed between 2018 and 2020, and expected to provide an annual production of around 4.1 terawatt-hours (TWh).


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: The first foundation of the new windpark was installed by DEME Group's subsidiary GeoSea in January 2018.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: The export cables were installed by Tideway Offshore Solutions, a subsidiary company of the Belgian DEME Group. The installation was completed in December 2018, several months ahead of schedule.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: Hornsea 1 began supplying power to the UK national electricity grid in February 2019, with full completion expected in the first quarter of 2020.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: The final monopile foundation was completed in April 2019 and as of 3 May 2019, 28 turbines out of 174 had been installed.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: In 2019 the failure of the plant was partially responsible for a large scale nationwide power cut on the evening of 9 August.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: At 16:52:33 on Friday 9 August 2019, lightning struck a 400 kV mainland transmission line between Eaton Socon and Wymondley north of London, causing small generators, Little Barford Power Station (641 MW) and Hornsea (737 MW) to unexpectedly disconnect a combined 1,878 MW (1,691 MW maximum single-time) supply within minutes, greater than the 1,000 MW limit. Grid frequency declined, initially below the 'exceptional circumstances' limit at 49.5 Hz, triggering additional generation and then more importantly below 48.8 Hz at which point the first stage of ‘Low Frequency Demand Disconnection’ (LFDD) a form of automatic load shedding commences to stabilise the grid. As part of this 1.1 million customers were disconnected; rail services were disrupted with 371 trains cancelled, 220 part cancelled, and 873 trains delayed. Power was restored at 17:37. Hornsea disconnected due to a software flaw, which was fixed the next day.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: A scoping report for "Project Two" was published in October 2012. The subzone was expected to be developed in a number of phases, with a potential wind turbine capacity of 1.8 GW, in an area of around located in the centre of the Hornsea wind farm zone. Project 2 was use the same route for its electrical export cable as Project One, and to use either HVAC or HVDC with a separate onshore substation. Suitable areas for the Project 2 development were identified as being adjacent to the north, east or west of the Zone 1, which was located in the shallowest area of the whole Hornsea zone. The design considered piled, suction pile, monopile or gravity base foundations for wind turbines of 5 to 15 MW rated power.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: As with Project 1 sea bed conditions and geology consisted of Quaternary period deposits, primarily sediments of sand, till and clays, with the overlying gravel or sand seabed including sandwaves, with the average water depth of .


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: In 2013 SMart wind signed lease agreements with the Crown Estate for the "Optimus Wind" and "Breesea" areas making up Project 2 of Hornsea wind farm. A planning application for Project 2 was submitted and accepted for examination in early 2015; its wind turbine area was located adjacent northwest of the Project 1 area, with the cable export route following that of Project 1 adjacent on the northward side. Planning permission for the development was awarded in August 2016, for 300 turbines covering at a height of each. At the time of the award, Dong had committed to building 174 turbines, but the whole project is the biggest marine wind farm in the world.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: The inter-array cables were supplied by JDR Cable Systems, installed by Seaway 7, and operate at 66 kV.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: By the time construction commenced in 2020, the selected area was to the east and north of Hornsea One and the specification had been set as 165 8 MW turbines giving a rated capacity of 1.4 GW. As of April 2021, a third of the turbine foundations had been installed and the remaining turbines are set to be installed during the second half of 2021.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: The first turbine was in place by the end of May 2021, and on 23 June 2021 Ørsted announced that the 16th turbine to be added to the Hornsea Two array was the 1,000th turbine they had installed in UK waters, fifteen years after they installed their first, which was part of the 30-turbine Barrow Offshore Wind Farm, off the coast of Cumbria. Hornsea Two has two diesel-electric crew ships. Having completed the offshore substation, first power was achieved by 20 December 2021, and became fully operational in August 2022. By doing so, Hornsea Project 2 overtook Hornsea One as the largest offshore wind farm in the world.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: DONG Energy (which in November 2017 changed its name to Ørsted) began consultation on the project three development in May 2016. Project 3 will be to the east of Projects 1 and 2, with an estimated maximum capacity of 2.4 GW over . Ørsted submitted a Development consent application in 2018 and consent was granted on 31 December 2020. The project is expected to begin construction in 2022, and be completed by 2025.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: Ørsted put forward a plan to add a fourth area to the Hornsea wind farm in 2018, with the area covering , and being located adjacent, north-west of Hornsea Project 1. During 2018 and 2019, consultation with the local communities which will be affected by the project occurred, with a Development Consent Order application originally intended in the first quarter of 2020. However additional consultations and revisions delayed the submission until September 2021, with further analysis needed on the impacts to kittiwake, razorbill and guillemot populations in the Flamborough and Filey Coast Special Protection Area. Part of the site is also scheduled for an underground carbon dioxide storage, leading to conflict over the use of the seabed and the ocean surface.


title: Hornsea Wind Farm

text: Construction of the wind farm was provisionally expected to start in 2023, and be operational by 2027, at the earliest. The project's capacity is unknown by Ørsted due to the ever increasing size of available wind turbines for the project.


title: Old Spanish

text: Old Spanish, also known as Old Castilian (; ), or Medieval Spanish (), was originally a dialect of Vulgar Latin spoken in the former provinces of the Roman Empire that provided the root for the early form of the Spanish language that was spoken on the Iberian Peninsula from the 10th century until roughly the beginning of the 15th century, before a "consonantal readjustment" gave rise to the evolution of modern Spanish. The poem ('The Poem of the Cid'), published around 1200, is the best known and most extensive work of literature in Old Spanish.


title: Old Spanish

text: The phonological system of Old Spanish was quite similar to that of other medieval Romance languages.


title: Old Spanish

text: The set of sounds is identical to that found in medieval Portuguese and almost the same as the system present in the modern Mirandese language.


title: Old Spanish

text: Changes 2–4 all occurred in a short period of time, around 1550–1600. The change from to is comparable to the fluctuation occurring in the sj-sound of Modern Swedish.


title: Old Spanish

text: The Old Spanish spelling of the sibilants was identical to modern Portuguese spelling, which, unlike Spanish, still preserves most of the sounds of the medieval language, and so is still a mostly faithful representation of the spoken language. Examples of words before spelling was altered in 1815 to reflect the changed pronunciation:


title: Old Spanish

text: The Old Spanish origins of and reflect their Arabic origins, from Arabic "sheikh" and from Arabic "sharif".


title: Old Spanish

text: The voiced bilabial stop and fricative were still distinct sounds in early Old Spanish, judging by the consistency with which they were spelled as and respectively. ( derived from Latin word-initial or intervocalic , while derived from Latin or intervocalic .) Nevertheless, the two sounds could be confused in consonant clusters ( ~ 'dawn') or in word-initial position, perhaps after or a pause. The two appear to have merged in word-initial position by about 1400 CE and in all other environments by the mid–late 16th century at the latest. In Modern Spanish, many earlier instances of were replaced with , or vice versa, to conform to Latin spelling.


title: Old Spanish

text: At an archaic stage, there would have existed three allophones of in approximately the following distribution:


title: Old Spanish

text: By the early stages of Old Spanish, the allophone had spread to all prevocalic environments and possibly before as well.


title: Old Spanish

text: Subsequently, the bilabial allophones of (that is, those other than ) were modified to the labiodental in 'proper' speech, likely under the influence of the many French and Occitan speakers who migrated to Spain from the twelfth century onward, bringing with them their reformed Latin pronunciation. This had the effect of introducing into Old Spanish numerous borrowings beginning with a labiodental . The result was a phonemic split of into and , since the native 'last' was now distinct from the borrowed 'form' (both ultimately derived from the Latin ). Compare also the native 'speech' and borrowed 'fable'. In some cases, doublets appear in apparently native vocabulary, possibly the result of borrowings from other Ibero-Romance varieties; compare modern 'iron' and 'branding iron' or the names "Hernando" and "Fernando".


title: Old Spanish

text: Old Spanish had , just as Modern Spanish does, which mostly represents a development of earlier * (still preserved in Portuguese and French), from the Latin . The use of for originated in Old French and spread to Spanish, Portuguese, and English despite the different origins of the sound in each language:


title: Old Spanish

text: The palatal nasal was written (the geminate being one of the sound's Latin origins), but it was often abbreviated to following the common scribal shorthand of replacing an or with a tilde above the previous letter. Later, was used exclusively, and it came to be considered a letter in its own right by Modern Spanish. Also, as in modern times, the palatal lateral was indicated with , again reflecting its origin from a Latin geminate.


title: Old Spanish

text: The Graeco-Latin digraphs (digraphs in words of Greek-Latin origin) , , and were reduced to , , and , respectively:


title: Old Spanish

text: In Old Spanish, perfect constructions of movement verbs, such as ('(to) go') and ('(to) come'), were formed using the auxiliary verb ('(to) be'), as in Italian and French: was used instead of ('The women have arrived in Castilla').


title: Old Spanish

text: Possession was expressed with the verb (Modern Spanish , '(to) have'), rather than : was used instead of ('Pedro has two daughters').


title: Old Spanish

text: In the perfect tenses, the past participle often agreed with the gender and number of the direct object: was used instead of Modern Spanish ('María has sung two songs'). However, that was inconsistent even in the earliest texts.


title: Old Spanish

text: Personal pronouns and substantives were placed after the verb in any tense or mood unless a stressed word was before the verb.


title: Old Spanish

text: The future and the conditional tenses were not yet fully grammaticalised as inflections; rather, they were still periphrastic formations of the verb in the present or imperfect indicative followed by the infinitive of a main verb. Pronouns, therefore, by the general placement rules, could be inserted between the main verb and the auxiliary in these periphrastic tenses, as still occurs with Portuguese (mesoclisis):


title: Old Spanish

text: Generally, an unstressed pronoun and a verb in simple sentences combined into one word. In a compound sentence, the pronoun was found in the beginning of the clause: = .


title: Old Spanish

text: The future subjunctive was in common use ( in the second example above) but it is generally now found only in legal or solemn discourse and in the spoken language in some dialects, particularly in areas of Venezuela, to replace the imperfect subjunctive. It was used similarly to its Modern Portuguese counterpart, in place of the modern present subjunctive in a subordinate clause after , etc., when an event in the future is referenced:


title: Old Spanish

text: The following is a sample from (lines 330–365), with abbreviations resolved, punctuation (the original has none), and some modernized letters. Below is the original Old Spanish text in the first column, along with the same text in Modern Spanish in the second column and an English translation in the third column.


title: PSO-1

text: The PSO-1 ("Прицел Снайперский Оптический, Pritsel Snaipersky Optichesky", "Optical Sniper Sight") is a 4×24 telescopic sight manufactured in Russia by the Novosibirsk instrument-making factory (NPZ Optics State Plant) and issued with the Russian military Dragunov sniper rifle.


title: PSO-1

text: The PSO-1 was specifically designed for the SVD as a telescopic sight for military designated marksman activities. The current version of the sight is the PSO-1M2. This telescopic sight is different from the original PSO-1 only in that it lacks the now obsolete infrared detector, which was used to detect generation-zero active-infrared night vision devices like the US M2 Sniperscope. The metal body of the PSO-1 is made from a magnesium alloy. The PSO-1 features a battery-powered red illuminated reticle with light provided by a simple diode bulb. It features professionally ground, fully multi-coated optical elements, a baked enamel finish for scratch protection, and an attached, quick-deployable, extendable sunshade.


title: PSO-1

text: The scope body is sealed and filled with nitrogen, which prevents fogging of optics and was designed to function within a -50 °C to 50 °C temperature range. For zeroing the telescopic sight the reticle can be adjusted by manipulating the elevation and windage turrets in at (0.5 mil or 1.72 MOA) increments.


title: PSO-1

text: Considered the higher end of Soviet military side-mount telescopic sights, the quality of the PSO-1 is higher than most other PSO-style telescopic sights. The PSO-1 has neither a focus adjustment nor a parallax compensation control. Most modern military tactical scopes with lower power fixed magnification such as the ACOG, C79 optical sight or SUSAT (intended for rapid close-intermediate range shots rather than long-range sniping) lack such features as well. Modern fixed magnification military high-end-grade sniper telescopic sights scopes intended for long-range shooting usually offer one or both of these features. The positioning of the scope's body to the left of the bore's center line may not be comfortable to all shooters.


title: PSO-1

text: The PSO-1 elevation turret features bullet drop compensation (BDC) in or increments for engaging point and area targets at ranges from up to . At longer distances the shooter must use the chevrons that would shift the trajectory by per each chevron. The BDC feature must be tuned at the factory for the particular ballistic trajectory of a particular combination of rifle and cartridge at a predefined air density. Inevitable BDC-induced errors will occur if the environmental and meteorological circumstances deviate from the circumstances the BDC was calibrated for. Marksmen can be trained to compensate for these errors.


title: PSO-1

text: Besides the BDC elevation (vertical adjustment control) of the reticle, the windage (horizontal adjustment control) of the reticle can also be easily dialed in by the user without having to remove turret caps.


title: PSO-1

text: The PSO-1 features a reticle with "floating" elements designed for use in range estimation and bullet drop and drift compensation (see external ballistics).


title: PSO-1

text: The top center "chevron" (^) is used as the main aiming mark. The horizontal hash marks are for windage and lead corrections and can be used for ranging purposes as well.


title: PSO-1

text: To the left is a stadiametric rangefinder that can be used to determine the distance from a tall object/person from (2) to (10). For this the lowest part of the target is lined up on the bottom horizontal line. Where the top of the target touches the top curved line the distance can be determined.


title: PSO-1

text: This reticle layout is also used in several other telescopic sights produced and used by other former Warsaw Pact member states.


title: PSO-1

text: The three lower chevrons in the center are used as hold over points for engaging area targets beyond (the maximum BDC range setting on the elevation drum). The user has to set the elevation turret to and then apply the chevrons for , or respectively.


title: PSO-1

text: The 10 reticle hashmarks in the horizontal plane can be used to compensate for wind or moving targets and can also be used for additional stadiametric rangefinding purposes, since they are spaced at 1 milliradian intervals, meaning if an object is 5 m wide it will appear 10 hashmarks wide at 500 m.


title: PSO-1

text: The telescopic sight propriety mount is adjustable for tension on the SVD rifle's side rail scope mount. This side rail is a type of dovetail rail known as the Warsaw Pact rail, which has cut-out portions to reduce weight and allow easier installation. The side rail mount is an offset mounting that positions the PSO-1 telescopic sight axis to the left side in relation to the receiver center axis. The mount has a castle nut that screws into the bottom of the locking lever. The spring-loaded portion of the clamp has to be pressed down to tighten or loosen the castle nut as needed.


title: PSO-1

text: The telescopic sight is factory matched to the rifle by engraving the scope's serial number on to the butt stock of the SVD rifle. Commercial Russian Tigr rifles (based on the SVD military rifle) have the serial number of the rifle engraved in to the PSO-1M2 scope's side mount.


title: PSO-1

text: The PSO-1 is issued with a lens hood that can be attached to the ocular to reduce/eliminate image quality impairing stray light and a carrying case to protect the sight during transport and storage.


title: PSO-1

text: The PSO-1M2-1 Used on the VSS Vintorez and AS VAL features a unique reticle, and elevation turret calibrated for the 9×39mm cartridge. The reticle features a stadiametric rangefinder, ranging out to 400 meters and a single chevron as an aiming point with vertical stadia lines for a windage hold.


title: PSO-1

text: The PSO-1M2-1 has also been made in a version for the 7.62×39mm intermediate cartridge, which has the range drum marked for up to 1,000 meters. This version has a 400 m stadia metric range finder marked 1.7 m.


title: PSO-1

text: The POSP is a commercial variant which features various reticles, windage/elevation turrets, mounts, magnification, and variations of the body and lenses used. Various Russian and Belorussian manufacturer these optics under the same name.


title: Desperate Measures (film)

text: Desperate Measures is a 1998 American action thriller film starring Michael Keaton, Andy García, Marcia Gay Harden and Brian Cox, directed by Barbet Schroeder. It was filmed in both the San Francisco Bay Area and downtown Pittsburgh with such landmarks as the BNY Mellon Center, the Allegheny County Courthouse and the Oakland Bay Bridge. The film was released on January 30, 1998 and was a critical and financial failure. However, Andy García won an ALMA Award for "Outstanding Actor in a Feature Film in a Crossover Role".


title: Desperate Measures (film)

text: San Francisco police officer and widowed father Frank Conner is in a frantic search for a compatible bone marrow donor for his leukemia-stricken son, Matt. In desperation, he breaks into FBI headquarters and finds a perfect match. Unfortunately, it is Peter McCabe, a sociopath who is serving life in prison for several murders. During his time in prison, the brutal, cunning McCabe has attempted escape and killed several guards and fellow prisoners, and must be kept in multiple restraints when out of the SHU in the supermax at Pelican Bay State Prison.


title: Desperate Measures (film)

text: McCabe initially shows little interest in helping Conner, but later finds an opportunity to turn the situation to his advantage and devises a plot to escape. Biding his time, McCabe plays chess against a computer, easily defeating the program, and expresses the need for a challenge akin to Garry Kasparov or Deep Blue. Meanwhile, Conner, along with police captain Cassidy and Matt's physician, Dr. Hawkins, prepare for McCabe to be transferred to the hospital for the organ transplant.


title: Desperate Measures (film)

text: At the hospital, McCabe is given a sedative. With the aid of a counteracting drug he had obtained from a fellow inmate, McCabe slips out of his restraints, attacks the guards and attempts to escape. Conner and a fellow officer corner him, but McCabe holds a scalpel to Hawkins' throat, prompting Conner to drop his gun. The other officer gets the drop on McCabe, but Hawkins warns the police that if he dies, his bone marrow becomes useless. Conner stands in the way of the other officer; McCabe takes his gun and shoots the officer.


title: Desperate Measures (film)

text: After hearing what happened, Cassidy immediately orders Conner off the case and removed from the scene. Conner breaks free to search the hospital for McCabe on his own. McCabe causes an explosion with propane tanks, seizes control of the hospital's adjacent wing, holds guards hostage and orders a lockdown of the building.


title: Desperate Measures (film)

text: Conner and Hawkins make their way to McCabe and convince him to let them inside so that Hawkins can attend to Matt. As McCabe watches Conner on the security cameras, he realizes that his nemesis is a truly devoted father, and develops a grudging respect for him. Conner intervenes when McCabe is about to ambush Cassidy and his SWAT team with a set of tanks of cyclopropane. Cassidy is furious that Conner continues to aid an escaped convict, while McCabe is angry that Conner foiled his plan. He kidnaps Matt and descends to the sub-levels of the building.


title: Desperate Measures (film)

text: Matt tries to wound McCabe to give his father a better chance; impressed, McCabe spares Matt and leaves him at the hospital for Conner to find. McCabe then escapes into San Francisco, where he steals a car. Conner chases McCabe to a bridge, still needing him captured alive. Cassidy and his men arrive in a helicopter and a sniper opens fire. Conner again shields McCabe and is wounded in the arm. McCabe attempts to flee, but Conner is determined not to let him go. Conner wounds McCabe, sending him off the bridge and into the bay. Conner then dives in and saves him.


title: Desperate Measures (film)

text: Back in the hospital, a wounded McCabe agrees to the transplant, which saves Matt's life. Even though his career is clearly over, Conner is overjoyed that his son will live. McCabe is informed by a guard that the surgery went well. As the bed reclines upwards and McCabe looks at the guard menacingly, the guard suddenly realizes that his gun is gone. McCabe holds it over the guard and asks, "What kind of car do you have?".


title: Desperate Measures (film)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 19% based on reviews from 31 critics. The site's consensus states: "Times aren't desperate enough for this lame thriller to be called for." Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B−" on an A+ to F scale.


title: Desperate Measures (film)

text: Lisa Schwarzbaum of "Entertainment Weekly" wrote, "By the time "Desperate Measures" degenerates into an old-fashioned car chase, you may wish you were watching "General Hospital". Although I suspect there is plenty of bone-marrow-and leukemia-related preposterousness here, my limited medical education precludes me from informed eyeball rolling. I may not be a doctor, but I know a movie with iron-poor blood when I see one." Online film critic James Berardinelli stated, "when you consider how many contrivances the characters have to endure to reach the ending, you may think that the title has more to do with the film makers' approach than with anything that happens on screen."


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: The Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA), formerly known as Harakah al-Yaqin ( "faith movement" in English), is a Rohingya insurgent group active in northern Rakhine State, Myanmar. According to a December 2016 report by the International Crisis Group, it is led by Ataullah abu Ammar Jununi, a Rohingya man who was born in Karachi, Pakistan, and grew up in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Other members of its leadership include a committee of Rohingya émigrés in Saudi Arabia.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: Myanmar's Anti-Terrorism Central Committee declared ARSA a terrorist group on 25 August 2017 in accordance with the country's counter-terrorism law. ARSA is also considered a terrorist group by Malaysia.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: ARSA has been accused by Myanmar's government of being involved with and subsidised by foreign Islamists, despite there being no firm evidence proving such allegations. ARSA subsequently released a statement on 28 August 2017, calling government allegations against it as "baseless" and claiming that its main purpose is to defend the rights of Rohingyas.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: According to the International Crisis Group (ICG) and a spokesperson for ARSA, the group was formed in 2013, following the 2012 Rakhine State riots, under the name "Harakah al-Yaqin" (translated as "Faith Movement" in English). A former member of ARSA described how he was recruited by the group's leader, Ataullah abu Ammar Jununi, three years prior to the attacks in October 2016. Ataullah had approached villagers, asking for five to ten recruits to join his group and telling them that the time had come to "stop the mistreatment of the Rohingya people". Prior to the October 2016 attacks, ARSA had merely patrolled villages armed with bamboo sticks, making sure that villagers prayed at mosques. According to Rohingya locals and Burmese security officials, the group had again began approaching Rohingya men from various villages for recruitment six months prior to its first attack in October 2016, this time with the intention of training them across the border in Bangladesh for a future attack in Myanmar.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: In October 2016, under the name "Harakah al-Yaqin", the group claimed responsibility for attacks on Burmese border posts along the Bangladesh-Myanmar border, which left nine border officers and four soldiers dead. The Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces) announced on 15 November 2016 that a total of 69 insurgents had been killed by security forces in the recent fighting. The ICG reported on 14 December 2016 that in interviews with ARSA, its leaders claimed to have links to private donors in Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. The ICG also released unconfirmed reports that Rohingya villagers had been "secretly trained" by Afghan and Pakistani fighters.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: Burmese state media reported on 22 June 2017 that three insurgents had been killed by security forces in a raid on an insurgent camp supposedly belonging to ARSA, as part of a two-day "area clearance operation" by the government. Authorities confiscated gunpowder, ski masks and wooden rifles used for training.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: In July 2017, the Burmese government accused ARSA of murdering 34 to 44 civilians and kidnapping 22 others in reprisal attacks against those ARSA have perceived as government collaborators. ARSA denied the accusations.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: On 25 August 2017, the group claimed responsibility for coordinated attacks on at least two dozen police posts and an attempted raid on an army base. The government gave an official death toll of 77 Rohingya insurgents and 12 security forces in northern Maungdaw following the attacks. The government stated that ARSA insurgents had attacked a police station in the Maungdaw District with a handmade bomb alongside the coordinated attacks on several police posts. ARSA claimed they were taking "defensive actions" in 25 different locations and accused government soldiers of raping and killing civilians. The group also claimed that Rathedaung had been under a blockade for more than two weeks, starving the Rohingya, and that government forces were preparing to do the same in Maungdaw. The Myanmar Army also blamed ARSA for the killings of 99 Bengali Hindus in the Kha Maung Seik massacre, which occurred on the same day as the attacks.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: Over 4,000 ethnic Rakhines fled their villages on 26 August 2017, as fighting between ARSA and the Tatmadaw escalated.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: In late August 2017, the Burmese government accused ARSA of killing 12 civilians, including Hindus and Muslims, some of whom were suspected by ARSA of being government informants. On 24 September 2017, Myanmar's military accused ARSA of killing 28 Hindus in Ye Baw Kya village in the previous month after they uncovered their bodies in a mass grave. ARSA released a statement on 28 August 2017, calling government allegations against it as "baseless" and stating that ARSA only seeks to defend Rohingyas and their rights. An ARSA spokesman also denied allegations that it was behind the killings and accused Buddhist nationalists of spreading lies to divide Hindus and Muslims. Bangladesh meanwhile has proposed joint military operations with Myanmar against ARSA.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: A one-month unilateral ceasefire was declared by ARSA on 9 September 2017, in an attempt to allow aid groups and humanitarian workers safe access into northern Rakhine State. In a statement, the group urged the government to lay down their arms and agree to their ceasefire, which would have been in effect from 10 September until 9 October (the one-year anniversary of the first attacks on Burmese security forces by ARSA). The government rejected the ceasefire, with Zaw Htay, the spokesperson for the State Counsellor's office, stating, "We have no policy to negotiate with terrorists." ARSA responded on 7 October 2017 that they would respond to any peace initiatives proposed by Myanmar's government, but added that their one-month unilateral ceasefire was about to end. Despite the ceasefire ending on 9 October, the government stated that there were no signs of any new attacks.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: On 9 November 2017, Myint Khyine, the Burmese secretary of the Immigration and Population Department, blamed the deaths of 18 village leaders in the last three months on ARSA in Muslim-majority Maungdaw and Buthidaung. The victims were village leaders who helped the Immigration and Population Department issue national verification cards to Rohingya residents.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: In September 2017, Bangladeshi sources stated that the possibility of cooperation between Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and ARSA was "extremely high". Bangladesh's Minister of Road Transport and Bridges, Obaidul Quader, stated during a reception organised by the nation's deputy high commission in Kolkata, India that his country was investigating the allegations.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: In November 2017, it was reported that members of the Rohingya diaspora in Malaysia were providing financial support to ARSA.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: ARSA claimed responsibility for an ambush carried out on 5 January 2018 in the village of Turaing, which reportedly injured six members of Myanmar's security forces and a civilian driver.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: In late November 2018, Hindu community leaders in Myanmar claimed that ARSA had been warning Hindu refugees in Bangladesh not to return to Rakhine State after Burmese authorities called for their repatriation.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: On the 16 January, Myanmar state media reported that six police officers had been injured in an ambush by ten ARSA insurgents in Watkyein village bridge in Maungdaw. In March, ARSA's leadership called for their followers to cease criminal activities in refugee camps in Bangladesh. This was statement was made in response to reports of killings and abductions in the refugee camps. Bangladeshi media blamed ARSA for the crimes, while ARSA denies any responsibility.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: Reports circulated in May 2020 that ARSA had reformed in Maungdaw after several months of inactivity. On 2 May, the "Myawady Daily" reported that two Burmese police officers had been attacked by 41 ARSA insurgents near the Bangladesh–Myanmar border.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: Two alleged ARSA insurgents died in a confrontation with Myanmar security forces at the Bangladeshi border on 4 June. According to military spokesman and Brigadier General Zaw Min Tun, the clash occurred during routine border security at Mee Dike village and began when around 30 ARSA insurgents opened fire.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: Three civilians were killed and six others were wounded when their vehicle struck an alleged ARSA mine in Maungdaw Township on 17 November.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: Rohingya leader Mohammed Mohib Ullah, who had raised the issue of human rights violations of Rohingyas and was an opponent of ARSA, was killed on 29 September 2021. His brother accused the group of being behind the attack, but the group denied it. The Bangladesh Police said in March 2022 that the group was behind it and assassinated him due to his growing popularity.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: Some Rohingyas told Reuters that ARSA and other armed gangs enforced their rules at night in refugee camps, abducting their critics and instructing women to abide by conservative Islamic norms. An attack on the Darul Ulum Nadwatul Ulama Al-Islamia Madrasa in the Moinarghona camp-18, located in Ukhiya, resulted in deaths of six refugees and injuries to eight others on 22 October. Some of the eyewitnesses blamed ARSA.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: Tom Andrews, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar, stated on 19 December that he had received credible reports of ARSA killing, torturing, abducting and intimidating Rohingya refugees in camps. Bangladesh's Foreign Minister AK Abdul Momen however denied the group's presence in the camps.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: The group started reemerging in the Maungdaw region around November 2021, after allying with the National Unity Government formed in opposition to the military junta that took power after the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état. Clashes broke out between ARSA and the Tatmadaw in November.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: Several images and videos appeared on social media in early-January 2022, purportedly showing more than 50 members of the group along with its leaders taking part in a military drill in Maungdaw.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: Bangladesh Police on 18 July 2022 announced arrests of Nur Mohammad, chairman of ARSA's fatwa committee, and Abu Bakkar, a commander of the group accused of the killings of Rohingyas in October 2021. The two were stated to have been arrested on 7 and 17 July respectively. Armed Police Battalion unit 14 commander Naimul Haque claimed that they had arrested 834 Rohingyas linked to ARSA in the last six months.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: Bangaldeshi officials accused ARSA of being responsible for the killing of an intelligence officer and a Rohingya woman on 14 November during a counter-narcotics operations near the border with Myanmar. The group denied any responsibility.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: ARSA leader Ataullah abu Ammar Jununi stated in a video posted online, "Our primary objective under ARSA is to liberate our people from dehumanising oppression perpetrated by all successive Burmese regimes". The group claims to be an ethno-nationalist insurgent group and has denied allegations that they are Islamist, claiming they are secular and "have no links to terrorist groups or foreign Islamists". However, ARSA follows many traditional Islamic practices such as asking for "fatwas" from foreign Muslim clerics.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: In contrast to other insurgent groups in Myanmar, ARSA is not organised like a paramilitary. While other groups have military ranks and uniforms, most members of ARSA have appeared in videos wearing civilian clothes. The group is also ill-equipped; it was reported that during their attacks in Maungdaw District on 25 August, most of ARSA's fighters were armed with machetes and bamboo sticks. The local authorities responded with automatic machine gunfire, heavily outmatching ARSA's weapons.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: Analysts have compared the tactics used by ARSA to those used by insurgent groups fighting in southern Thailand, namely crossing the border from one country to another to launch small scale attacks, then retreating back across the border to a community that shares a similar ethnic and/or religious background.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: The Myanmar government alleged in a statement that ARSA killed four Muslims, including a village head and a government informant, on 25 August 2017. The next day on 26 August, another Muslim village head and a Hindu child were allegedly killed when ARSA insurgents fired at a monastery. In addition, six Hindus were stated to have been killed when the insurgents attacked a Hindu family. The Office of Myanmar's State Counsellor also blamed ARSA for the killings of five Daingnets on 26 August and seven Mro people on 31 August.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: The mass-graves of 28 Hindus were found by Myanmar's security forces on 24 September 2017 near the village of Ye Baw Kya, with 17 more bodies found on the next day. Three relatives of the deceased said that masked men marched 100 Hindus away from the village before slitting their throats and pushing them into a hole. The relatives recognised some of the attackers as Rohingya Muslims, who told their victims they should not be in possession of official identity cards, which were issued by the government to Hindus but not to Muslims. After the discovery of the bodies, the Myanmar government claimed the victims were killed by ARSA insurgents. An ARSA spokesman denied the allegation that it was behind the killings and accused Buddhist nationalists of spreading lies to divide Hindus and Muslims.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: On 9 November, Myint Khyine, the secretary of the Immigration and Population Department, blamed the deaths of 18 village leaders in the past three months in Maungdaw and Buthidaung, on ARSA. The village leaders helped the department to issue national verification cards to Rohingya villagers.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: On 22 May 2018, Amnesty International released a report claiming it had evidence that ARSA rounded up and killed as many as 99 Hindu civilians on 25 August 2017, the same day that ARSA launched a massive attack against Myanmar's security forces. The report alleged that ARSA insurgents armed with guns and swords were responsible for at least one reported massacre of Hindus in northern Rakhine State. Survivors claimed that in the village of Kha Maung Seik, ARSA insurgents killed the men, whilst the women were kidnapped and forced to convert to Islam. It was also alleged in the report that statements given by Hindus immediately after the massacre were false, and that they were threatened by ARSA into blaming Rakhine Buddhists for the killings.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: The Rohingya Solidarity Organisation (RSO), a rival Rohingya insurgent group, blamed ARSA for 2020–2021 attacks against Rohingya community leaders in Bangladeshi refugee camps.


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: ARSA periodically releases press statements online, in documents and videos posted to its Twitter account. Unlike other insurgent groups in Myanmar, most of ARSA's written statements are exclusively in English, rather than in the group's native tongue (in this case, Rohingya).


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: On 17 October 2016, ARSA (then under the name Harakah al-Yaqin) released a press statement online. In a roughly five-minute video, the group's leader, Ataullah abu Ammar Jununi, flanked by armed fighters reads from a sheet of paper:


title: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

text: The group released a press statement on 29 March 2017 under a new name, the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA). The document included demands made to the Burmese government and a warning that if they were not met, there would be further attacks.


title: ASRock

text: ASRock Inc. is a Taiwanese manufacturer of motherboards, industrial PCs and home theater PCs (HTPC). Founded by Ted Hsu, it was founded in 2002 and is currently owned by Taiwanese electronics company Pegatron.


title: ASRock

text: ASRock was originally spun off from Asus in 2002 in order to compete with companies like Foxconn for the commodity OEM market. Since then, ASRock has also gained momentum in the DIY sector and plans for moving the company upstream began in 2007 following a successful IPO on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. It was acquired by Pegatron in 2010.


title: ASRock

text: As of 2011, ASRock is the world's third largest motherboard manufacturer, having cooperated with professional esports player Johnathan Wendel in the development of a gaming-oriented enthusiast motherboard in 2011.


title: ASRock

text: ASRock established itself as a server motherboard affiliate in April 2013, having received orders from 10 mid-size clients for server and industrial PC motherboards and forming partnerships with system integrators.


title: ASRock

text: Besides motherboards, ASRock also sells desktop minicomputers. Three ASRock products were short-listed for the 2012 Taiwan Brand Award for the first time, and then became endorsed products of the External Trade Development Council when they were promoting the quality image of Taiwan brands globally. In 2012, ASRock stepped into the industrial PC and server motherboard market. ASRock began developing graphics cards in partnership with AMD in 2018 as a result of the surge in cryptocurrency mining.


title: ASRock

text: ASRock is the world's third-largest motherboard brand and the distribution channels cover electronics stores, PC stores, gadget retailers, and online shops. Major sales regions in 2011 included Europe for 37.68%, Central and South America accounted for 21.13%, the Asia Pacific region accounted for 40.95% and other markets accounted for only 0.24%. As a whole, ASRock accounted for a large proportion of sales in Asia and Europe in terms of overall performance.


title: ASRock

text: According to the annual report for Digitimes 2011, ASRock has been growing very fast in the past few years. ASRock has been one of the top 3 motherboard brands for 2 consecutive years.


title: ASRock

text: ASRock received a "Tom's Hardware" 2012 Recommended Buy Award for their X79 Extreme4 motherboard, and also won the Xbit labs 2012 Editor Recommended Award with Z77 Extreme4. Furthermore, ASRock Z68 Extreme7 Gen3, Fatal1ty Z68 Professional Gen3 and the mini PC series was awarded three 2011 Taiwan Brand Awards.


title: ASRock

text: ASRock is also the first and only manufacturer of a Mini ITX-sized X99 chipset-based motherboard, the X99E-ITX/ac. It supports Haswell-E and Broadwell-E Intel Core i7 and Haswell-EP Intel Xeon CPUs with CPU core support up to 18 cores.


title: Demographics of Montenegro

text: This article is about the demographic features of the population of Montenegro, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.


title: Demographics of Montenegro

text: The vast majority (over 90%) of the population of Montenegro is of Slavic origin. Albanians make up 5 percent of the population (4.9% at the 2011 census), while there is also a small Romani minority (total 1.2% at the 2011 census). The Slavic population of Montenegro uses a large diversity in ethnic identities to describe their ethnicity. During the first decades after WW II most Slavic people identified themselves as Montenegrins, with less than 2% Serbs and less than 2% Croats in 1948. During the last decades of the existence of Yugoslavia up to 5% of the population declared themselves Yugoslavs (South-Slavs). During and after the Yugoslav Wars the ethnic identity of the Serbs (and in general the political influence of Serbia) became increasingly important in Montenegro and at the 2003 census almost one third of the population identified themselves as Serbs. The Serbs live mostly along the borders with Bosnia and Serbia, while the Montenegrins live in the center of the country. The Slavic population are in majority Eastern Orthodox Christians, but there is also a large Muslim minority, like in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Although most of the Slavic Muslims in Montenegro initially also identified themselves as Montenegrins, gradually over time more and more Slavic Muslims started to use the term Muslim as an ethnic designation, thus opting for a distinctive ethno-religious identity. After the Yugoslav Wars this changed again and at the 2003 and 2011 census most ethnic Muslims declared themselves Bosniaks, mainly because they had some historical relations with Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina and mostly live in the northeast of Montenegro.


title: Demographics of Montenegro

text: This census witnessed the emerging of ethnic Bosniaks; although there are still people who declare themselves as ethnic Muslims. Also, there are very few people left who consider themselves Yugoslavs. Also a noticeable difference compared to 1991 census is the reemerging in the number of Serbs, from nearly 60,000 to 200,000 in a decade (compared to 1931s 90% strong Serb community).


title: Demographics of Montenegro

text: Others include small ethnic groups of perceived non-European/Slavic origins: Romani, Balkan Egyptians and Black Montenegrins.


title: Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline

text: The Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India (TAPI) Pipeline, also known as Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline, is a natural gas pipeline being developed by the Galkynysh – TAPI Pipeline Company Limited with participation of the Asian Development Bank. The pipeline will transport natural gas from the Galkynysh Gas Field in Turkmenistan through Afghanistan into Pakistan and then to India. Construction on the project started in Turkmenistan on 13 December 2015, work on the Afghan section began in February 2018, and work on the Pakistani section was planned to commence in December 2018. The abbreviation TAPI comes from the first letters of those countries. Proponents of the project see it as a modern continuation of the Silk Road.


text: The roots of this project lie in the involvement of international oil companies in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan beginning of 1990s. As Russia, who controlled all export pipelines of these countries, consistently refused to allow the use of its pipeline network, these companies needed an independent export route avoiding both Iran and Russia.


text: The original project started on 15 March 1995 when an inaugural memorandum of understanding between the governments of Turkmenistan and Pakistan for a pipeline project was signed. This project was promoted by Argentinian company Bridas Corporation. The U.S. company Unocal, in conjunction with the Saudi oil company Delta, promoted an alternative project without Bridas' involvement. On 21 October 1995, these two companies signed a separate agreement with Turkmenistan's president Saparmurat Niyazov. In August 1996, the Central Asia Gas Pipeline, Ltd. (CentGas) consortium for construction of a pipeline, led by Unocal, was formed. On 27 October 1997, CentGas was incorporated in formal signing ceremonies in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, by several international oil companies along with the Government of Turkmenistan.


text: Since the pipeline was to pass through Afghanistan, it was necessary to work with the Taliban. The U.S. ambassador to Pakistan, Robert Oakley, left his post and was hired by CentGas in 1997. In January 1998, the Taliban, selecting CentGas over Argentinian competitor Bridas Corporation, signed an agreement that allowed the proposed project to proceed. In June 1998, Russian Gazprom relinquished its 10% stake in the project. On 7 August 1998, American embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam were bombed. The United States alleged that Osama bin Laden was behind those attacks, and all pipeline negotiations halted, as the Taliban's then leader, Mullah Omar, announced that bin Laden had the Taliban's support. Unocal withdrew from the consortium on 8 December 1998, and soon after closed its offices in Afghanistan and Pakistan.


text: After September 11 attacks some people came to believe that a possible motivation for the attacks included justifying the invasions of Afghanistan as well as geostrategic interests such as the Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline project, but this is usually dismissed by analysts as a conspiracy theory.


text: The new deal on the pipeline was signed on 27 December 2002 by the leaders of Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan. In 2005, the Asian Development Bank submitted the final version of a feasibility study designed by British company Penspen. The project has drawn strong US support as it would allow the Central Asian republics to export energy to Western markets "without relying on Russian routes". Then-US Ambassador to Turkmenistan Tracey Ann Jacobson noted, "We are seriously looking at the project, and it is quite possible that American companies will join it". Due to increasing instability, the project has essentially stalled; construction of the Turkmen part was supposed to start in 2006, but the overall feasibility is questionable since the southern part of the Afghan section runs through territory which continues to be under "de facto" Taliban control.


text: On 24 April 2008, Pakistan, India and Afghanistan signed a framework agreement to buy natural gas from Turkmenistan. The intergovernmental agreement on the pipeline was signed on 11 December 2010 in Ashgabat. However, in April 2012, India and Afghanistan have failed to agree on transit fee for gas passing through Afghan territory. Consequently, Islamabad and New Delhi too could not agree on the transit fee for the segment of the pipeline passing through Pakistan, which has linked its fee structure to any India-Afghanistan agreement. On 16 May 2012, the Afghan Parliament, approved the agreement on a gas pipeline and the day after, the Indian Cabinet allowed state-run gas-firm GAIL to sign the Gas Sale and Purchase Agreement (GSPA) with Türkmengaz, Turkmenistan's national oil company.


text: Construction on the project started in Turkmenistan on 13 December 2015 and was completed by mid-2019. Construction on the Afghan side started on 24 February 2018, while construction on the Pakistan side is planned to start by October 2019 and be completed in 2020. The Taliban have vowed to cooperate and not disrupt the project in areas they control.


text: The pipeline will be in diameter with a working pressure of . The capacity will be of natural gas per year of which will be provided to Afghanistan and to each Pakistan and India. Six compressor stations would be constructed along the pipeline. The pipeline was intended to be operational by 2019.


text: Originally, the cost of the pipeline project was reportedly estimated at US$7.6 billion, but a more recent estimate was $10 billion. The leading partner of the project is Türkmengaz.


text: The pipeline will run from Galkynysh gas fields in Turkmenistan through Afghanistan and Pakistan to India. It starts from the Galkynysh gas field. In Afghanistan, TAPI pipeline will be constructed alongside the Kandahar–Herat Highway in western Afghanistan, and then via Quetta and Multan in Pakistan. The final destination of the pipeline will be the Indian town of Fazilka, near the border between Pakistan and India.


title: Australian Survivor (season 3)

text: The third season of Australian Survivor is a television series based on the international reality game show franchise "Survivor". This season, announced by Ten in November 2015, is the third Australian edition of the program, the second to feature non-celebrity contestants and the first to air on Network Ten. The first season aired on the Nine Network in 2002, while the second season (a celebrity edition) aired in 2006 on the Seven Network. This season gives "Australian Survivor" the rare distinction of being one of the few Australian programs to have aired across all three commercial networks in Australia.


title: Australian Survivor (season 3)

text: The season was filmed in Samoa from May to July 2016 and premiered on 21 August 2016 on Network Ten. Hosted by Jonathan LaPaglia, the program featured 24 Australian castaways competing for 55 days for a grand prize of A$500,000. After 55 days on the island, Kristie Bennett was named the "Sole Survivor" and awarded the grand prize over former professional cricketer Lee Carseldine by a jury vote of 8–1.


title: Australian Survivor (season 3)

text: After "Australian Celebrity Survivor" was not renewed by the Seven Network, a third season of "Australian Survivor" appeared unlikely. However, in August 2013, the creator of the "Survivor" format, Charlie Parsons revealed in an interview with fan website and podcast "Survivor Oz" that the rights to produce "Australian Survivor" had been licensed to an undisclosed production company. The company who believed that there was an appetite for the program and would be approaching Australian networks to commission the potential series.


title: Australian Survivor (season 3)

text: On 19 November 2015, Network Ten revealed at their upfronts that they would be commissioning a revival of "Australian Survivor" to air in mid-late 2016. They also announced that Endermol Shine Australia would be producing the series in association with Castaway Television.


title: Australian Survivor (season 3)

text: This season of "Australian Survivor" introduced several elements from international editions of "Survivor", including: hidden immunity idols, small trinkets that, when played on a castaway after the votes were cast at Tribal Council but before they were read, negated all votes cast against them at that Tribal Council; the ability to prohibit another player from voting at a single Tribal Council, as offered during the season's Survivor Auction; and Exile Beach, where a small number of castaways were banished to a separate beach for a predetermined amount of time, and given minimal tools for survival.


title: Australian Survivor (season 3)

text: With the announcement of the series in November 2015, a casting call was made for potential contestants. Applicants for the series were required to be 18 years of age or older, be Australian citizens or permanent residents and be able to swim. More than 5,000 people applied within the first week of casting being opened, and 7,500 had applied before the year's end. Submissions eventually reached 15,000 before the 10 February deadline, making it the largest pool of applicants for a Network Ten reality program.


title: Australian Survivor (season 3)

text: The season was rumored to be filmed in Samoa as early as March, and was officially confirmed on 9 May by LaPaglia in a radio interview on the "Hamish & Andy" show. The season was filmed on the island of Upolu, the same location used in four seasons of the American edition of "Survivor": "", "", "" and "". In total, 250 Australians and at least 180 Samoan locals worked on the program, including Trent Pattison, who has previously worked as a challenge producer on the American edition as well as Ten's own "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!".


title: Australian Survivor (season 3)

text: "Australian Survivor" was initially scheduled to air twice a week, with new episodes airing on Sunday and Monday at 7:30pm. However, following the first week, a third weekly episode — set to air Tuesdays at 7:30pm — was added to the schedule. The move was a means to both increase the exposure to the series to potential viewers and to increase the competitiveness of Ten's Tuesday schedule following low ratings for the previous programs airing in the 7:30pm slot, "Modern Family" and "Life in Pieces".


title: Australian Survivor (season 3)

text: In addition to the main show, a 9-part companion program, titled "The Jury Villa", was released online through tenplay. Based on the similar "Ponderosa" series from the American show, the web series follows the last nine castaways to be voted off as they become members of the Tribal Council Jury and interact with one another and discuss the game in the villa. Episodes began airing after episode 17 and were uploaded following the airing of subsequent episodes.


title: Australian Survivor (season 3)

text: The 24 castaways were initially divided into three tribes of eight, each named after a beach in Samoa: Aganoa, Saanapu and Vavau. On Day 12, two castaways each from Saanapu and Vavau swapped tribes as a result of a special joint Tribal Council in which the tribes unknowingly voted to switch a member of their tribe to the other; the switched castaways each brought a tribe member with them. After winning the reward challenge on Day 19, Saanapu earned the right to redistribute the 18 remaining castaways into two tribes of nine, and Aganoa was officially disbanded. For winning the immunity challenge on Day 29, Saanapu sent an observer to Vavau's Tribal Council where, instead of a vote, the observer was to "kidnap" one of the Vavau tribe members, bringing them back to Saanapu as an official member.


title: Australian Survivor (season 3)

text: On Day 32, the 13 remaining castaways merged into the Fia Fia tribe, named after the Samoan term for "celebration". The final 11 players comprised the two finalists and the nine members of the jury, who voted to decide which of the two finalists should be the "Sole Survivor" and be awarded the grand prize.


title: Australian Survivor (season 3)

text: The game began with three tribes of eight, and in each, a majority alliance was formed. On Saanapu, Flick and Brooke recruited Sam, Matt, and Conner. On Vavau, Craig, Andrew, Sue, and Jennah-Louise joined forces. And on Aganoa, Evan aligned with Phoebe, Rohan, Lee, and El, but drama from the idol clue twist between him and Rohan would see the alliance turn on Evan. On Day 12, a Fake Double Tribal Council consisting of Vavau and Saanapu occurred; Conner and Nick were voted out, but instead of leaving the game, were switched to the other tribe and they brought Tegan and Sam with them respectively.


title: Australian Survivor (season 3)

text: On Day 19, with 18 contestants remaining, a Reward Challenge won by Saanapu gave them the power to decide which tribe between Vavau and Saanapu to stay on. After the five remaining Saanapu remembers chose to stay at Saanapu, they then had the power to choose their remaining members. They selected Sam, El, and Lee for their challenge strength as well as Jennah-Louise with the intention of voting her off. The game became one-sided after the swap, as not only did the stronger Saanapu tribe dominate in challenges but Phoebe's idol plays ousted the two strongest members of Vavau in Rohan and Craig. After a fake Tribal Council spared Kristie, Phoebe's ally whom she threw under the bus to save herself, Brooke further decimated Vavau by adding Sue to her tribe. Phoebe would be voted out at the next Tribal, and the tribes would merge at 13.


title: Australian Survivor (season 3)

text: The Saanapu alliance, with the original members of Flick, Brooke, Matt, and Sam at the core and with the help of members from post-swap Saanapu, would vote out the remnants of post-swap Vavau as well as outsiders from Saanapu up until the final 7. At that point, Flick viewed Brooke as too big of a threat and flipped to Lee, El, and Kristie to vote out her best friend. Despite El and Lee's obvious strong bond, Flick and Kristie did not flip back and voted out Sam and Matt. At that point Flick tried to force a 2-2 tiebreaker but Kristie still would not flip and Flick would go home. Despite not having won a previous individual challenge, Kristie won the Final Immunity Challenge and voted El out. At Final Tribal Council, despite Lee having more control of the game, Kristie's underdog status and the fruition of her floater strategy resulted in her receiving 8 of the 9 jury votes and becoming the "Sole Survivor".


title: Australian Survivor (season 3)

text: Ratings data is from OzTAM and represents the viewership from the 5 largest Australian metropolitan centres (Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide).


title: Lint (material)

text: Lint is the common name for visible accumulations of textile fibers and other materials, usually found on and around clothing. Certain materials used in the manufacture of clothing, such as cotton, linen, and wool, contain numerous, very short fibers bundled together. During the course of normal wear, these fibers may either detach or be jostled out of the weave of which they are part. This is the reason why heavily-used articles such as shirts and towels become thin over time and why such particles accumulate in the lint screen of a clothes dryer.


title: Lint (material)

text: Because of their high surface area to weight ratio, static cling causes fibers that have detached from an article of clothing to continue to stick to one another and to that article or other surfaces with which they come in contact. Other small fibers or particles also accumulate with these clothing fibers, including human and animal hair and skin cells, plant fibers, and pollen, dust, and microorganisms.


title: Lint (material)

text: The etymology of the modern word "lint" is related to "linting", the term used for the cultivation of the shorter fibers from the cotton plant ("Gossypium"), also called "lint", from which lower-quality cotton products are manufactured. Lint is composed of threads of all colors, which blend hues and may appear to be a uniform grey.


title: Lint (material)

text: Cotton lint refers to the fibrous coat that covers the cotton seeds. Cotton lint is ginned cotton. The lint that is delivered to the spinning mill contains a variety of extraneous materials, including seed pieces, dust, and motes, which are collectively referred to as trash.


title: Lint (material)

text: Dryer lint is lint generated by the drying of clothes in a clothes dryer; it typically accumulates on a dryer screen. Underwriters Laboratories recommends cleaning the lint filter after every cycle for safety and energy efficiency. Failure to clean the lint filter is the leading cause of home clothes dryer fires.


title: Lint (material)

text: Navel lint (also known by names such as navel fluff, belly button lint, belly button fluff, and dip lint) is an accumulation of fluffy fibers in the navel cavity often found at the beginning and end of the day. Cloth fibers are scraped by body hair via friction, which ratchets the fibers in the direction of hair growth. One hypothesis is that hair travels along a lint highway defined as integral curves of the vector field given by the direction of growth of the hair, which must end at a vanishing point according to the hairy ball theorem. Another is that rubbing of navel hairs and clothing contributes to a build-up of static electricity, resulting in the collection of clothing fibers and to a lesser extent, dead skin cells.


title: Lint (material)

text: Pocket lint (also known as gnurr) is debris including bits of fabric as well as small shreds of paper and tissue that are often found in pockets. It may sometimes be caused by running the clothing through a washing machine one or more times, causing the pocket lining or contents to compact and shred.


title: Lint (material)

text: As pocket lint is an amalgamation of the contents of the pockets, pocket lint can be helpful when determining whether drugs have been previously stored in the pockets, by testing it with various drug tests. In a survival situation, pocket lint can be used as tinder for starting a fire.


title: Lint (material)

text: The Infocom game, "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", was sold with a collection of "props" that included a small bag of "pocket fluff".


title: Lint (material)

text: Inhalation of excessive amounts of lint, as observed in early textile workers, may lead to diseases of the lungs, such as byssinosis. Lint shed from clothing during the course of wear may also carry bacteria and viruses. For this reason, the presence of lint presents a danger during surgery, when it might carry microorganisms into open wounds. It has been demonstrated that due to the abrasive contact between clothing and skin, "a person wearing a standard cotton scrub suit actually sheds more bacteria than without clothing". Lint is also a component of "toe jam", described as "that gunk located between your toes", which can result due to not properly cleaning feet and toes. Like ear wax, mucus, and many other bodily residues (...). But the issue can have several different causes—some of them more serious than others — so it pays to give your feet special attention." Lint also presents a threat to the environment in spaces that generally do not experience human contact, constituting "one of the primary polluters" in cave exploration.


title: Lint (material)

text: Lint contamination also presents what may be the most serious threat of damage to delicate mechanical devices. In order to prevent lint contamination, workers entering clean rooms are generally required to wear an outer layer of clothing made from artificial fibers that are longer and thicker, and therefore much less likely to shed any material. Lint-resistant clothing materials include elastic fabrics like spandex (or Lycra), for which the fibers will tend to stretch rather than break, and longer, stronger non-woven polyolefin fibers. Lint contamination in aerospace manufacturing led Dupont to develop a low-lint wipe for Boeing. Dupont's Sontara wipe still dominates aerospace manufacturing as it is durable, disposable, and solvent-resistant.


title: Lint (material)

text: Lint on clothing is generally considered unattractive and unprofessional. Furthermore, lint may be abrasive and may damage the clothing itself. For these reasons, visible lint is often removed with a lint remover or clothes brush. The accumulation of lint during clothes cleaning can be reduced with the use of a fabric softener, which reduces the amount of static electricity on clothing surfaces and therefore prevents the lint from sticking to the clothes.


title: Lint (material)

text: Dryer lint, which collects on the lint screen of a clothes dryer, is highly flammable and therefore presents a fire hazard. However, because of this flammability, dryer lint may be collected for use as tinder, although burning man-made fibres can produce toxic fumes.


title: Lint (material)

text: It is possible to compost lint retrieved from the lint screen on a dryer by adding it to other materials being composted. The texture of the material allows the organic matter within it to compost quickly and easily, but depending on the source, it may include inorganic fibers and materials which never break down.


title: Lint (material)

text: Lint is useful to examine in forensic science because it is accumulated over time, and because the fibers shed from clothing adhere to not only that clothing, but also other particles to which the carrier is exposed. The lint on a person's clothing is therefore likely to contain material transferred from the various environments through which that person has passed, enabling forensic examiners to collect and examine lint to determine the movements and activities of the wearer. Examiners may use various chemicals to isolate lint fibers from different articles of clothing based on differences in color and other characteristics.


title: Lint (material)

text: Dryer lint burns readily. Although this may present a hazard in the household, it also means that lint makes excellent tinder for starting fires. It is especially useful for catching sparks from flint and steel, or similar striker-type fire starters in the absence of matches.


title: Lint (material)

text: Lint was used as a form of wound treatment for cuts and sores as early as 1500 BC and as recently as the American Civil War. Lint used specifically for treating wounds was sometimes referred to as "charpie".


title: Toy Story 3 (video game)

text: Toy Story 3 (also known as Toy Story 3: The Video Game) is a 2010 platform game developed by Avalanche Software and published by Disney Interactive Studios. It is loosely based on the film of the same name. It was released for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, Windows, and Mac OS X. A Nintendo DS version was developed by n-Space, while Disney Mobile Studios developed and published an iOS game based on the film. Another version was developed by Asobo Studio and released for PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable.


title: Toy Story 3 (video game)

text: By February 2008, Disney and Pixar had rejected THQ's pitch to develop the film's video game adaptation, choosing instead to have it developed by Disney's Avalanche Software. A 10-person team from Pixar aided Avalanche in developing the game. Most of the voice cast from the film reprised their characters for the game. "Toy Story 3" includes a story mode that loosely recreates the film's events, and the Toy Box mode, consisting of a western town that can be freely roamed and customized by the player. The game was well received by critics, particularly for its Toy Box mode. The game was a top-seller in the UK.


title: Toy Story 3 (video game)

text: "Toy Story 3: The Video Game" is a platform video game. The game includes a story mode, which loosely recreates the events of the film; and the Toy Box mode, set within the universe of the fictional "Woody's Roundup" television series, which is featured in the second film, "Toy Story 2".


title: Toy Story 3 (video game)

text: The Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 (PS3) versions include a multiplayer feature in both modes. Woody, Buzz, and Jessie are playable characters throughout the game. They each have their own abilities that are needed to progress through the story mode, although they play the same when in Toy Box mode. The PS2 and PSP versions also allow the player to control the Aliens and Andy's soldier toys during certain levels. The PS3 and Xbox 360 versions have eight story mode levels, while the PS2 and PSP version includes 13 levels in story mode. In the later versions, after the player has completed a level in Story Mode, they can go back and replay it to try the two Challenge modes, which are Cube Destruction and Time Attack, that allow the player to win coins and unlock trophies. The three mini-games are Woody's Roundup (five levels), Buzz Adventures (five levels) and Aliens Escapades (two levels), based on the events of "Toy Story 2". In the PSP version, the final two levels of both Woody's Roundup and Buzz Adventures, along with the two levels of Aliens Escapes, have to be purchased via the PlayStation Store as downloadable content.


title: Toy Story 3 (video game)

text: Toy Box mode takes place in a western town that can be freely roamed and customized by the player. Toy Box mode features missions from Mayor Hamm, townsfolk, and other toys. Compared to the Xbox 360 and PS3 versions, the Wii, Windows and Mac OS X versions have fewer Toy Box options for gameplay and town customization, and they lack a multiplayer option. The PS2 and PSP versions exclude the Toy Box mode entirely, and also lack multiplayer.


title: Toy Story 3 (video game)

text: The PlayStation 3 version of the game features exclusive content such as the ability to play as Emperor Zurg in Toy Box mode, in addition to Buzz, Woody and Jessie. Players can drive around in Zurg's custom vehicle as well as blast at enemies using his trigun. Zurg has his own set of missions, and his primary goal is to eliminate Buzz. In addition, the game also features compatibility with the PlayStation Move motion controller, and there are also downloadable mini-games designed specifically for the Move that could be downloaded for free from the PlayStation Store.