title: Internet area network

text: In early 2008, Eucalyptus became the first open-source, AWS API-compatible platform for deploying private clouds. In early 2008, OpenNebula, enhanced in the RESERVOIR European Commission-funded project, became the first open-source software for deploying private and hybrid clouds, and for the federation of clouds. In the same year, efforts were focused on providing quality of service guarantees (as required by real-time interactive applications) to cloud-based infrastructures, in the framework of the IRMOS European Commission-funded project, resulting to a real-time cloud environment. By mid-2008, Gartner saw an opportunity for cloud computing "to shape the relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell them" and observed that "organizations are switching from company-owned hardware and software assets to per-use service-based models" so that the "projected shift to computing... will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some areas and significant reductions in other areas."


title: Internet area network

text: In 2011, RESERVOIR was established in Europe to create open source technologies, to allow cloud providers to build an advanced cloud with the balancing of workloads, lowering costs and moving workloads across geographic locations through a federation of clouds. Also in 2011, IBM announced the Smarter Computing framework to support a Smarter Planet. Among the various components of the Smarter Computing foundation, cloud computing is a critical piece.


title: Internet area network

text: Now, the ubiquitous availability of high-capacity networks, low-cost computers and storage devices as well as the widespread adoption of hardware virtualization, service-oriented architecture, autonomic, and utility computing have led to a tremendous growth in cloud computing. Virtual worlds and peer-to-peer architectures have paved the way for the concept of an IAN.


title: Internet area network

text: iAreaNet was founded in 1999 by CEO James DeCrescenzo as a company called Internet Area Network, devoted to providing offsite data storage and disaster prevention before the cloud existed in widely deployed commercial form. It pioneered the idea of an IAN. Since then, it has strengthened operations and has made significant investments in developing a powerful infrastructure to provide businesses with an array of technology solutions, including the patent-pending iAreaOffice, which commercializes the concept of an IAN by eliminating the need for traditional LAN, WAN or telephone system for business communications.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: Jeffrey Scott Brohm (born April 24, 1971) is an American football coach and former quarterback, who is the current head football coach of the Louisville Cardinals. Brohm played college football at the University of Louisville for coach Howard Schnellenberger from 1989 to 1993 and played in the National Football League (NFL) for seven seasons from 1994 to 2000 and the XFL in 2001. He has previously served as the head coach of the Western Kentucky Hilltopppers (2014–2016) and the Purdue Boilermakers (2017–2022).


title: Jeff Brohm

text: Brohm was born in Louisville, Kentucky. His father, Oscar, was a quarterback for Louisville and a high school football coach in Louisville. He attended Trinity High School in Louisville, Kentucky. After graduation from high school, he was selected by the Montreal Expos in the seventh round of the 1989 MLB Draft, but he instead decided to pursue playing football and baseball at the University of Louisville. After spending his freshman season as a backup quarterback, he was once again selected in the MLB Draft, this time in the fourth round by the Cleveland Indians. This time Brohm had a change of heart and decided to pursue a professional baseball career in the summers when he wasn't playing football. After two summers, he decided to drop baseball and focus solely on football. As starting quarterback for two seasons, he led the Cardinals to the 1993 Liberty Bowl.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: Brohm went undrafted in the 1994 NFL Draft. He played seven years as a quarterback in the NFL, with the San Diego Chargers in 1994, the Washington Redskins in 1995, the San Francisco 49ers from 1995 to 1997, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 1998, the Denver Broncos in 1999 and the Cleveland Browns in 2000. He also played one season with the Orlando Rage of the XFL, where he was named to the All-XFL team despite having his season end early with a shoulder injury.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: In 2002, Brohm moved to the AF2 where he became the head coach of the Louisville Fire. Brohm returned to the University of Louisville in 2003. He spent the next six years as a quarterback coach, passing game coordinator, offensive coordinator, and assistant head coach for the Cardinals and helped them win the 2007 Orange Bowl. In 2009, Brohm went to Florida Atlantic University, where he was reunited with Schnellenberger as offensive coordinator. Brohm then went on to coach at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign from 2010 to 2011, at the University of Alabama at Birmingham in 2012, and at Western Kentucky University in 2013 as an associate head coach, offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach. When Petrino returned to Louisville in 2014, Brohm was promoted to head coach of the Western Kentucky Hilltoppers. As head coach, he led the team to three bowl games, winning two of them. In 2016, Brohm took the head coaching position at Purdue University.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: Brohm was born in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1971. He is the son of Donna and Oscar Brohm. Brohm and his siblings Greg, Kimberly, and Brian were born in Louisville while his father was an assistant football coach at Trinity High School in Louisville.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: Brohm was a standout high school player at Trinity High School in Louisville. He was named the "Kentucky High School Player of the Decade" for the 1980s and won the Kentucky "Mr. Football" Award in 1988 while leading his team to a state championship and undefeated season. Brohm was inducted as a member of the 2014 Kentucky High School Athletic Association Hall of Fame class.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: In February 1989, Brohm committed to play football for Howard Schnellenberger's Louisville Cardinals football team. Brohm played in every game, but was relegated to backing up Browning Nagle. The 1990 Cardinals ended the season 10–1–1 in the 1991 Fiesta Bowl. Brohm played for two series during the Fiesta Bowl, but on his first series he was intercepted. He was intercepted again on his second series by Charles Garner who returned it 49-yards for a touchdown.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: After Nagle graduated, Brohm became the starting quarterback for the 1991 team. Just two games into the season, Brohm and the Cardinals were facing the Tennessee Volunteers, when Brohm suffered a fracture in his right ankle, placing him in a cast for six weeks.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: Brohm returned from his ankle injury to regain his starting quarterback role. In his first game back, Brohm was a two-point conversion away from knocking off #17 Ohio State as Brohm's pressured pass floated just past the arms of Ralph Dawkins. Brohm played well against #6 Florida, completing 66.6% of his passes and frustrating the Gators defense with his ability to scramble. The Cardinals ended up losing 31–17.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: Brohm returned for his senior season. After taking every snap as a junior, Brohm proved he was fully recovered from his ankle injury. After defeating San Jose State to begin the season, Brohm had a dominant performance against Memphis State, throwing for four touchdowns and 219 yards—175 yards and three touchdowns of which went to Aaron Bailey. The following week, Brohm threw for a career-high 331 yards defeating the #23 Arizona State 35–17. Brohm led the Cardinals to the #17 ranking. During the game against #24 West Virginia, Brohm threw for 270 yards. However, he had two very critical turnovers, including an interception with 3:02 to play. The Cardinals were upset by the Mountaineers 36–34. After a 7–1 start, the Cardinals accepted a bid to be the home team in the 1993 Liberty Bowl Brohm broke the index finger of his passing hand in Louisville's final regular season game. His finger was repaired with a steel plate and pins, and he wasn't allowed to throw until the week before the bowl game. Trailing 7–3 going into the 4th quarter against the Michigan State in the Liberty Bowl, Brohm threw for two touchdowns in the final minute leading the Cardinals to an 18–7 victory.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: After Trinity High School, Brohm was drafted in the seventh round of the 1989 MLB Draft by the Montreal Expos. He turned down the Expos offer, choosing instead to accept a scholarship to play football for the University of Louisville. However, after one year of college football, he had a change of heart and decided to pursue both sports, playing minor league baseball during his college summers.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: He held a workout for all MLB teams prior to the 1990 MLB draft and was selected by the Cleveland Indians in the 4th round, and chose to play baseball and football. He played for two summers in the minor leagues before quitting to focus on football. The Indians also pushed him to drop football entirely.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: After going undrafted in the 1994 NFL Draft, Brohm signed with the San Diego Chargers in 1994 as an undrafted free agent. Brohm beat out Trent Green to become the team's third-string quarterback. Brohm spent the season as the third-string quarterback never appearing in a game as the Chargers lost Super Bowl XXIX.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: Brohm signed with the San Francisco 49ers in 1996. Brohm got to play in the season opener for the 49ers in 1997 after Steve Young was sacked seven times and left the game with a concussion. Brohm was in line to start Week 2 for the 49ers, but he cracked a bone near the base of his middle finger on his passing hand. Brohm didn't make a start, instead Jim Druckenmiller made the start for the 49ers.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: Brohm signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 1998, competing with Steve Walsh and Scott Milanovich for the backup quarterback position behind Trent Dilfer. After just three plays in the Buccaneers first preseason game, Brohm scrambled and slid to avoid being hit, but on the slide Brohm tore a ligament in his right thumb. Brohm had to decide between wearing a cast for 4 weeks hoping his thumb would heal, or have surgery and heal the thumb properly, but ending his season. Brohm elected to have surgery on his thumb, where a pin was placed in his thumb during his August 10 surgery. Two weeks later, Brohm was placed on injured reserve, ending his season. After the season, Brohm requested he be waived by the Buccaneers, and the team granted him his wish on April 25, 1999.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: On December 13, 2000, Brohm was signed by the Cleveland Browns to be the emergency third-string quarterback with one week remaining in the season.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: On October 28, 2000, Brohm was drafted with the fourth overall pick in the XFL Draft by the Orlando Rage of the XFL. Brohm briefly left the Rage when he signed with the Browns. Brohm battled with Brian Kuklick for the starting quarterback position with the Rage. Brohm won the starting job, and led the Rage to a season opening win 33–29 over the Chicago Enforcers. During the 2001 XFL season, he owned the league's highest QB rating at 99.9 and was named first-team All-XFL. He was at the receiving end of a particularly brutal attempted sack by Shante Carver in the Week 5 contest against the Memphis Maniax; although it knocked Brohm out of the game and led to a hospital visit, the actual play resulted in a touchdown pass, and Brohm was back on the sidelines in a neck brace later in the game. When Brohm returned to play the next week, he gave a memorable speech when asked why he returned to play so soon:


title: Jeff Brohm

text: Let me answer that question by asking you two questions – One, is this or is this not the XFL? Yes, it is. Two, do I or do I not currently have a pulse? Yes, I do. Let's play football.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: Brohm later admitted fearing that the statement would make him an even greater target for the Rage's opponents. A shoulder injury in the Week 7 contest against the Los Angeles Xtreme ended Brohm's playing career.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: Brohm was, along with Las Vegas Outlaws running back Rod Smart, one of the few players to openly embrace the XFL's approach to football, fully immersing himself in the kayfabe and sports entertainment. Brohm had hoped to put the nickname "J Bro" on the back of his jersey, but his fellow players voted not to use jersey nicknames.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: On December 19, 2001, Brohm was named the head coach of the Louisville Fire arena football team. The Fire started the 0–7 before they defeated the Carolina Rhinos 31–28 to improve to 1–7. The Fire would finish the season 2–14.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: On December 24, 2002, Bobby Petrino hired Brohm to return to his alma mater as quarterbacks coach. Brohm worked with first-year starting quarterback Stefan LeFors, helping him to a 3,145-yard passing season, the third-best in school history. LeFors finished first in the nation in passing efficiency and completion percentage and was named First-team All-Conference USA. During Brohm's second season, he helped recruit his brother Brian Brohm, who was one of the most sought-after recruits in the nation. LeFors and Brian split time at quarterback, similar to how Jeff split time as a freshman with Nagle. LeFors and Brohm led the Cardinals to the 2004 Liberty Bowl and a No. 6 ranking to end the season. Brian finished the season as the Conference USA Freshman of the Year, and LeFors was named First-team All-Conference USA and the Conference USA Co-Offensive Player of the Year. In 2005, Brian took over the starting role permanently, leading the Cardinals to an 8–2 regular season and a berth in the 2006 Gator Bowl. Brian tore his ACL, forcing the Cardinals to start walk-on Hunter Cantwell. Cantwell completed 15 of his 37 passes for 216 yards, three touchdowns, and three interceptions.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: In 2006, Brian Brohm led the Cardinals to a victory over No. 15 Miami (FL), but he injured his thumb in the process, forcing Cantwell into action. Cantwell led the team to victories over Kansas State and Middle Tennessee, with Cantwell throwing for a career-high 340 yards against Middle Tennessee, before Brian's return. The Cardinals finished the 2006 season, 12–1, establishing a record high victories for the school in a single season and winning the 2007 Orange Bowl.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: After Petrino left Louisville to take the Atlanta Falcons head coaching job, new Cardinals head coach Steve Kragthorpe kept Brohm on his staff as an assistant head coach and passing game coordinator. Brohm declined an offer to join Nick Saban's staff at Alabama in 2007 to stay with Louisville. The Cardinals offense went in a different direction under the coaching change. Brian threw 473 times, which was second in school history for a single season, but he broke the then record for passing touchdowns in a single season with 30.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: Cantwell in his first season as the starting quarterback threw 16 touchdowns and 16 interceptions and averaged 207.8 passing yards a game. The Cardinals went 5–7 without bowl play for two consecutive years. The Cardinals offense averaged 377 yards a game, ranking 45th overall.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: Brohm joined his former college head coach Howard Schnellenberger at Florida Atlantic for the 2009 season as the quarterback coach. Brohm later revealed that he had been in contact with Schnellenberger for a month prior to the hiring. Brohm inherited Rusty Smith, who had won the 2007 Sun Belt Conference Offensive Player of the Year, to coach. After just 7 games, Smith had 1,915 yards passing to go along with 14 passing touchdowns and just 5 interceptions, but he sprained his non-throwing shoulder in the 7th game against Middle Tennessee, ending his career. With the injury, Brohm worked with Jeff Van Camp to replace Smith. Van Camp finished the year 1,372 yards passing and 12 touchdowns with just two interceptions and a win in the Shula Bowl.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: He then took a position coaching quarterbacks on Ron Zook's staff at Illinois. The move to Illinois reunited Brohm with Paul Petrino, whom Brohm worked with at Louisville. Brohm and Petrino were tasked with replacing Juice Williams, and in spring camp Nathan Scheelhaase emerged as the leading candidate. The Illini named Scheelhaase the starting quarterback as a redshirt freshman, and he made strong progress throughout his first two starts. With Scheelhaase's running ability, Brohm made sure that he taught him to keep running throughout his reads before deciding to run. Scheelhaase really began to start hitting his stride during a 44–10 defeat of Purdue, throwing for four touchdowns. The Illini finished the regular season 6–6, earning a berth in the 2010 Texas Bowl.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: In year two, Brohm worked to improve Scheelhaase's passing in accuracy, decisiveness and drop backs. Scheelhaase got the Illini off to a hot start going 6–0, even defeating #22 Arizona State and Brohm had acknowledged his development as a passer. The Illini would finish the regular season 0–6, costing Zook his job. Brohm was promoted to interim offensive coordinator during the 2011 Kraft Fight Hunger Bowl.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: In 2012, new head coach Garrick McGee hired Brohm to serve as offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach at UAB. In an interview prior to the 2012 season, Brohm said he regretted not accepting the position of offensive coordinator with Alabama. The offseason began with redshirt freshman quarterback Austin Brown pushing Jonathan Perry for the starting role. After an 0–3 start, Brohm named Brown the new starting quarterback. In four of his first five starts, Brown threw for 300 yards. The Blazers finished the season 3–9, with the offense finishing 53rd in the country with 417 yards per game.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: After a single season at UAB, Brohm decided to take a pay cut and take the assistant head coach and offensive coordinator position at Western Kentucky University, where he was again coaching under Bobby Petrino. Brohm had to replace Kawaun Jakes, who was the career leader in passing touchdowns and third in passing yards for the Hilltoppers. They selected Brandon Doughty to be the starter during the 2013 season, and was aided by the return of the NCAA single season all-purpose yards record holder, Antonio Andrews. The Hilltoppers began the season with an upset of SEC foe Kentucky. Brohm's lone season as offensive coordinator did not disappoint, as the Hilltoppers averaged 459 yards per game, and both Doughty and Andrews set the single season record for yards in a season in passing and rushing respectively.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: On January 8, 2014, Petrino was hired to his former position of head coach at Louisville in place of Charlie Strong, who moved to replace Mack Brown at Texas. Brohm was named as a candidate to become head coach later that same day. On January 10, 2014, Brohm was officially named the head coach of the Hilltoppers. On August 29, 2014, his Hilltoppers opened the season with a 59–31 win over the Bowling Green Falcons, scoring more points than during any game in the 2013 season. The team broke school records for total yards in a game (702) and most points scored since moving to the FBS level. Doughty also set three individual records. The following week Brohm suffered his first defeat as a head coach, losing 42–34 to Illinois. After losing 5 out of his first 8 games as a head coach (four of which were by a single possession), the Hilltoppers rallied to win their last four regular season games. This included a win over undefeated #19 Marshall 67–66 in overtime, again breaking the school record for points in an FBS game for the third time of the season. The Hilltoppers 7–5 regular season earned them a berth in the 2014 Bahamas Bowl where they played Central Michigan Chippewas. Leading 49–14 heading into the fourth quarter, the Chippewas rallied to be down 1-point, but their failed two-point conversion with no time left led to a Hilltoppers victory.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: Brohm made it clear that he wanted to build the Hilltoppers program by recruiting players from Kentucky. Brohm brought in thirteen players from the state of Kentucky in first full recruiting class.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: On September 3, 2015, Brohm won his first game as head coach against an SEC opponent, a 14–12 road win against Vanderbilt. On September 12, Western Kentucky won, 41–38, against Louisiana Tech, giving Brohm his tenth win as Western Kentucky's head coach. On September 19, Brohm and the Hilltoppers lost their first game of the season, 35–38, against Indiana. The Hilltoppers then won four straight games before traveling to Baton Rouge, Louisiana to face #5 LSU, where they were defeated 48–20. The Hilltoppers would win four straight again to finish the regular season 10–2 (8–0), winning the East Division of Conference USA. On December 5, Brohm led Western Kentucky to a 45–25 victory over Southern Miss in the 2015 Conference USA Football Championship Game, giving Western Kentucky their first ever Conference USA championship in school history. The win moved Western Kentucky into #25 in the A.P. Top 25. This was Western Kentucky's first appearance in the AP Top 25 since moving up to FBS. He finished his second season as the Hilltoppers' head coach with a 12–2 record, with losses against Indiana and LSU, and a victory in the 2015 Miami Beach Bowl over South Florida, 45–35. After trailing, 0–14, in the second quarter, Western Kentucky scored 24 unanswered points as they beat South Florida 24–14.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: On February 3, 2016, Brohm agreed to a contract extension with Western Kentucky. The deal would keep him under contract through the 2019 season.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: After defeating Rice in the opening game of the 2016 season, Western Kentucky traveled to #1 Alabama. It was the first time Western Kentucky had played a #1 ranked team since the 2012 season. Western Kentucky would then cruise through its non-conference game against Miami (OH) before being defeated by Vanderbilt on the final play of the game. After a blowout victory over FCS Houston Baptist, Western Kentucky was defeated by Louisiana Tech. This was Western Kentucky's first conference lost since 2014, which also came at the hands of Louisiana Tech. In week seven, the Hilltoppers narrowly defeated Middle Tennessee 44–43 in double overtime, and the first winning streak over Middle Tennessee since 1980. The Hilltoppers then won their next five games by a minimum of 28 points, once again winning the East Division advancing to the 2016 Conference USA Football Championship Game. The Conference USA Championship Game was a highly anticipated re-match against Louisiana Tech. In a game that went on to be the highest scoring FBS conference championship game to date, Western Kentucky finally defeated Skip Holtz's Bulldogs 58–44. On December 4, 2016, Western Kentucky accepted a bid to the 2016 Boca Raton Bowl. They defeated Memphis 51–31.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: On December 5, 2016, Brohm was hired by Purdue University to be the head coach of the football team. Brohm went to work right away on recruiting primarily the offensive and defensive lines as well as wide receiver bringing in five graduate transfers to help get instant depth, including two offensive linemen and a wide receiver. In his first ever game as head coach, Purdue was defeated by #16 Louisville 35–28 in a close game played at Lucas Oil Stadium. The next week Brohm achieved his first win at Purdue with a 44–21 victory over Ohio and followed that with a blowout win (35–3) at Missouri. Purdue hosted #8 Michigan the next week in a game that many Purdue fans saw as the turnaround they had been waiting for since Tiller, despite losing 28–10. The game saw a sold out Ross Ade Stadium, its first sell out since 2008 in Joe Tiller's final game as the Purdue head coach. Heading into week 8, Jeff Brohm and his team went into High Point Solutions Stadium to face Rutgers as they looked to improve 4–3 on the season, but would fall short on a two-point conversion, losing the game 12–14. However, Purdue would win the 4th game of the season against Lovie Smith's Illinois team. This would be the first time Purdue had won 4 games in one season since Danny Hope's final season at Purdue. In week 13, Purdue went into Iowa and won their biggest game of the season with a 24–15 win over the Hawkeyes, and Purdue would follow it up with the high point of the season taking the Old Oaken Bucket in a win against Indiana 31–24. Not only was it a rivalry game, but both teams were 5–6, meaning the winner would become bowl eligible. Purdue's win was the first for the program against their hated rivals since 2012. The six wins was enough to get Purdue into the 2017 Foster Farms Bowl, where they would face Arizona. The bowl game made Brohm the only the second head coach in Purdue history, along with Joe Tiller, to take Purdue to a bowl game in their first season as head coach.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: Before the bowl game, there was much speculation surrounding Jeff Brohm around the head coaching vacancy at Tennessee, some sources even saying that he had accepted the job. However, the two sides never met, killing the speculations after a few hours.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: Purdue would head into the Foster Farms Bowl game as slight underdogs, but would go on to beating the Arizona Wildcats 38–35, thanks in help to an Elijah Sindelar touchdown pass in the closing minutes of the game.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: On April 26, 2018, Brohm agreed to a contract extension with Purdue. The deal runs through the 2024 season.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: In the opening game of the season, which was also the home and conference opener, the Boilermakers were defeated by Northwestern 27–31. In their name game, the Boilermakers were defeated on a last second field goal by Eastern Michigan 19–20. In their next game Missouri, the Boilermakers fell 37–40, with David Blough setting a program record with 572 yards passing. On homecoming, the Boilermakers then defeated #23 Boston College 30–13. The following week, Purdue beat Nebraska 42–28. After the bye week, Purdue then went to Champaign and defeated Illinois 46–7 for its 3rd consecutive victory over the Fighting Illini. The following week, the Boilermakers defeated #2 Ohio State 49–20. In their 5th conference game, Purdue was defeated by Michigan State 13–23. The following week, Purdue returned home to take on #19 Iowa. The Boilermakers beat the Hawkeyes 38–36. The Boilermakers then got beat by Minnesota 10–41. The Boilermakers then were defeated by Wisconsin 44–47 in three overtimes. In the Old Oaken Bucket, Purdue on consecutive games against Indiana for the first time since 2012, defeating the Hoosiers 28–21. The win secured Purdue's 2nd consecutive bowl game since the 2012 season. Following the season, Purdue was selected for the Music City Bowl. In the bowl game against Auburn, Brohm suffered his worst loss at Purdue, losing 14–63. Brohm fell to 1–1 in Bowl Games at Purdue. The Boilermakers finished the season 6–7.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: In their opening game, Purdue was defeated by Nevada 31–34. In the home opener, the Purdue rolled Vanderbilt 42–24. In their final non-conference game, Purdue hosted TCU 13–34. Following the bye week, Purdue was then defeated by Minnesota 31–38. Purdue then traveled to University Park, where they were defeated by #12 Penn State 7–35. Purdue then returned home for homecoming and defeated Maryland 40–14. In the next game, the Boilermakers had a loss to #23 Iowa 20–26. In the battle for the Purdue Cannon, Purdue got its 1st loss to Illinois in 4 years, 6–24, securing Brohm's first season without a bowl game. In its second consecutive home game, Purdue took on Nebraska. Purdue handed Nebraska another loss, 31–27. The next week, Purdue defeated Northwestern 24–22. After a second bye week, the Boilermakers were dominated bye #12 Wisconsin 24–42. In the Old Oaken Bucket, Brohm suffered his first loss to rival Indiana 41–44. The Boilermakers finished the season 4–8.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: In his 4th season, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, Purdue's season was cut to an all conference, eight-game season beginning on October 24. On October 19, 2020, Brohm tested positive for COVID-19. In the season opener, Purdue opened at home and defeated Iowa 24–20, with offensive coordinator Brian Brohm leading the team as active head coach. On October 26, Brohm returned a positive COVID-19 test. In the first road game, Brohm was back on the sideline, Purdue defeated Illinois 31–24. The following week Brohm was scheduled to take on Wisconsin, but the game was canceled due to a high number of Badger players testing positive for the COVID-19 virus. The next week, the Boilermakers were beaten by #23 Northwestern 20–27. The Boilermakers then traved to Minneapolis where they were defeated by Minnesota. The next week, Purdue was beaten by Rutgers 30–37. Purdue finished the regular season after being defeated by Nebraska 27–37. The following week, Purdue was scheduled to play Indiana, but Purdue and Indiana announced a mutual one-time cancellation of the Old Oaken Bucket game scheduled for December 12 after team-related activities were paused because of an elevated number of coronavirus cases within both the Boilermakers' and Hoosiers' programs. On December 13, Purdue and Indiana came to a mutual agreement to reschedule the Old Oaken Bucket game for one week later, on December 18; however, on December 15, both teams again mutually agreed to cancel the Friday contest, due to issues remaining on both teams with COVID complications.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: In the home opener, Purdue defeated Oregon State 30–21 in their first meeting since the 1967 season. In the first road game, the Boilermakers shutout UConn 49–0. The following week, Purdue traveled to Notre Dame to take on #12 Notre Dame. The Boilermakers were defeated 13–27. In the conference opener, The Boilermakers won a close game 13–9 over Illinois. The next week at homecoming, Purdue was defeated by Minnesota 13–20. Following the bye week, Purdue then took on #2 Iowa winning 24–7. Following the defeat of #2 Iowa, Purdue was ranked #25 in the AP Poll. It was the first time Purdue had been ranked in the AP Poll since 2007. Purdue then returned home to play Wisconsin. The Boilermakers fell 13–30. The next week, Purdue bounced back defeating Nebraska 28–23. Purdue then returned home, defeating #3 Michigan State 40–29. Purdue then traveled to Columbus, where they were blown out by #4 Ohio State 31–59. Purdue wrapped up its road games against Northwestern winning 32–14, in a game played at Wrigley Field. On Senior day, Purdue won in a blowout, 44–7 over Indiana in the Old Oaken Bucket game. The win secured Brohm his 1st winning regular season at Purdue. The win also gave him his 2nd season over .500 at Purdue. The Boilermakers finished the regular season 8–4. Purdue received a bid to play against Tennessee in the Music City Bowl. The Boilermakers won a 48–45 overtime thriller to capture Purdue's first 9-win season since 2003.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: In the home opener, Purdue was defeated by Penn State, 31–35. The following week, Purdue shutout Indiana State 56–0. Following the shutout win, Purdue traveled to Syracuse to take on the Syracuse Orange, where they lost 29–32. The next week was homecoming week, where Purdue delivered a 28–26 win over Florida Atlantic. The next week, Purdue took on #21 Minnesota, where they won 20–10. The Boilermakers then traveled to Maryland, where they pulled out a 31–29 win. Purdue returned home the next week to face Nebraska, where they won 43–37 in a high-scoring shootout. Purdue then traveled to Wisconsin, where they lost 24–35. Following the loss to the Badgers, Purdue returned home to play Iowa, and lost 3–24. Purdue bounced back the next week at #21 Illinois, defeating the Illini 31–24. Purdue returned home to West Lafayette the next weekend, where they beat Northwestern 17–9. Following Iowa's loss to Nebraska on November 25, Purdue had an opportunity to clinch the Big Ten West by beating Indiana. The Boilermakers were up to the task, routing the Hoosiers 30–16 in front of a sellout crowd. Following the victory, Purdue was Big Ten West Champions for the first time in school history and earned the right to face undefeated #2 Michigan at the Big Ten Championship Game in Indianapolis. Purdue finished the regular season 8–4, with 2021–2022 as the first back-to-back 8–4 seasons or better since 1997–1998.


title: Jeff Brohm

text: Brohm's younger brother, Brian, is a football coach and a former quarterback who last played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. Another brother, Greg, played wide receiver at Louisville and had a stint in the Canadian Football League at the Edmonton Eskimos camp before being cut. Their sister, Kim, was a three-sport athlete at Spalding University. She played softball, volleyball, and basketball for the Pelicans (now the Golden Eagles).


title: Jeff Brohm

text: After Brohm turned down an offer to become Louisville head coach in November 2018 to remain at Purdue, then-Yahoo Sports journalist Pat Forde, a long-time Louisville resident, had the following to say about him:In a profession where coaches come and go and commitment is for suckers, Brohm is wired differently. Maybe that's why, as a 47-year-old millionaire, he still drives that now-famous 2004 Honda Accord to the office. Insincerity isn't part of his makeup.


title: Queen of Heaven (antiquity)

text: Queen of Heaven was a title given to a number of ancient sky goddesses worshipped throughout the ancient Mediterranean and the ancient Near East. Goddesses known to have been referred to by the title include Inanna, Anat, Isis, Nut, Astarte, and possibly Asherah (by the prophet Jeremiah). In Greco-Roman times, Hera and Juno bore this title. Forms and content of worship varied.


title: Queen of Heaven (antiquity)

text: Inanna was the Sumerian goddess of love and war. Despite her association with mating and fertility of humans and animals, Inanna was not a mother goddess and is rarely associated with childbirth. Inanna was also associated with rain and storms and with the planet Venus. The Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa, believed to have been compiled around the mid-seventeenth century BCE, referred to the planet Venus in the tablet as the "bright queen of the sky" or "bright Queen of Heaven".


title: Queen of Heaven (antiquity)

text: Although the title of Queen of Heaven was often applied to many different goddesses throughout antiquity, Inanna is the one to whom the title is given the most number of times. In fact, Inanna's name is commonly derived from "Nin-anna" which literally means "Queen of Heaven" in ancient Sumerian (It comes from the words NIN meaning "lady" and AN meaning "sky"), although the cuneiform sign for her name (Borger 2003 nr. 153, U+12239 𒈹) is not historically a ligature of the two.


title: Queen of Heaven (antiquity)

text: In several myths, Inanna is described as being the daughter of Nanna, the ancient Sumerian god of the Moon. In other texts, however, she is often described as being the daughter of either Enki or An. These difficulties have led some early Assyriologists to suggest that Inanna may have been originally a Proto-Euphratean goddess, possibly related to the Hurrian mother goddess Hannahannah, accepted only latterly into the Sumerian pantheon, an idea supported by her youthfulness, and that, unlike the other Sumerian divinities, she at first had no sphere of responsibilities.


title: Queen of Heaven (antiquity)

text: The view that there was a Proto-Euphratean substrate language in Southern Iraq before Sumerian is not widely accepted by modern Assyriologists. In Sumer Inanna was hailed as "Queen of Heaven" in the third millennium BC. In Akkad to the north, she was worshipped later as Ishtar. In the Sumerian "Descent of Inanna", when Inanna is challenged at the outermost gates of the underworld, she replies:


title: Queen of Heaven (antiquity)

text: Her cult was deeply embedded in Mesopotamia and among the Canaanites to the west. F. F. Bruce describes a transformation from a Venus as a male deity to Ishtar, a female goddess by the Akkadians. He links Ishtar, Tammuz, Innini, Ma (Cappadocia), Mami, Dingir-Mah, Cybele, Agdistis, Pessinuntica and the Idaean Mother to the cult of a great


title: Queen of Heaven (antiquity)

text: The goddess, the Queen of Heaven, whose worship Jeremiah so vehemently opposed, may have been possibly Astarte.


title: Queen of Heaven (antiquity)

text: Astarte is the name of a goddess as known from Northwestern Semitic regions, cognate in name, origin and functions with the goddess Ishtar in Mesopotamian texts. Another transliteration is "‘Ashtart"; other names for the goddess include Hebrew עשתרת (transliterated "Ashtoreth"), Ugaritic "‘ṯtrt" (also "‘Aṯtart" or "‘Athtart"), Akkadian "As-tar-tú" (also "Astartu") and Etruscan "Uni-Astre" (Pyrgi Tablets).


title: Queen of Heaven (antiquity)

text: According to scholar Mark S. Smith, Astarte may be the Iron Age (after 1200 BC) incarnation of the Bronze Age (to 1200 BC) Asherah.


title: Queen of Heaven (antiquity)

text: Astarte was connected with fertility, sexuality, and war. Her symbols were the lion, the horse, the sphinx, the dove, and a star within a circle indicating the planet Venus. Pictorial representations often show her naked. Astarte was accepted by the Greeks under the name of Aphrodite. The island of Cyprus, one of Astarte's greatest faith centers, supplied the name Cypris as Aphrodite's most common byname. Asherah was worshipped in ancient Israel as the consort of El and in Judah as the consort of Yahweh and Queen of Heaven (the Hebrews baked small cakes for her festival):


title: Queen of Heaven (antiquity)

text: The "Queen of Heaven" is mentioned in the Bible and has been associated with a number of different goddesses by different scholars, including: Anat, Astarte or Ishtar, Ashtoreth, or as a composite figure.


title: Queen of Heaven (antiquity)

text: The worship of a "Queen of Heaven" (, "Malkath haShamayim") is recorded in the Book of Jeremiah, in the context of the Prophet condemning such religious worship and it being the cause of God declaring that He would remove His people from the land.


title: Queen of Heaven (antiquity)

text: There was a temple of Yahweh in Egypt at that time, the 6th-7th centuries BC, that was central to the Jewish community at Elephantine in which Yahweh was worshipped in conjunction with the goddess Anath (also named in the temple papyri as Anath-Bethel and Anath-Iahu).


title: Queen of Heaven (antiquity)

text: The goddesses Asherah, Anat and Astarte first appear as distinct and separate deities in the tablets discovered in the ruins of the library of Ugarit (modern Ras Shamra, Syria). Some biblical scholars tend to regard these goddesses as one, especially under the title "Queen of heaven".


title: Queen of Heaven (antiquity)

text: John Day states that "there is nothing in first-millennium BC texts that singles out Asherah as 'Queen of Heaven' or associates her particularly with the heavens at all." F. F. Bruce, an evangelical (Biblical) scholar differentiates between Astarte and Asherah as two distinct feminine deities.


title: Queen of Heaven (antiquity)

text: Isis was venerated first in Egypt. As per the Greek historian Herodotus, writing in the fifth century BC, Isis was the only goddess worshiped by all Egyptians alike, and whose influence was so widespread by that point, that she had become completely syncretic with the Greek goddess Demeter. It is after the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great, and the Hellenization of the Egyptian culture initiated by Ptolemy I Soter, that she eventually became known as 'Queen of Heaven'.


title: Queen of Heaven (antiquity)

text: Lucius Apuleius confirms this in Book 11, Chap 47 of his novel, "The Golden Ass", in which his character prays to the "Queen of Heaven". The goddess herself responds to his prayer, delivering a lengthy monologue in which she explicitly identifies herself as both the Queen of Heaven and Isis.


title: Queen of Heaven (antiquity)

text: Then with a weeping countenance, I made this orison to the puissant Goddess, saying: O blessed Queen of Heaven...


title: Queen of Heaven (antiquity)

text: Thus the divine shape breathing out the pleasant spice of fertile Arabia, disdained not with her divine voice to utter these words unto me: Behold Lucius I am come, thy weeping and prayers has moved me to succor thee. I am she that is the natural mother of all things, mistress and governess of all the elements, the initial progeny of worlds, chief of powers divine, Queen of Heaven... and the Egyptians which are excellent in all kind of ancient doctrine, and by their proper ceremonies accustomed to worship me, do call me Queen Isis.


title: Petroleum naphtha

text: Petroleum naphtha is an intermediate hydrocarbon liquid stream derived from the refining of crude oil with CAS-no 64742-48-9. It is most usually desulfurized and then catalytically reformed, which rearranges or restructures the hydrocarbon molecules in the naphtha as well as breaking some of the molecules into smaller molecules to produce a high-octane component of gasoline (or petrol).


title: Petroleum naphtha

text: There are hundreds of different petroleum crude oil sources worldwide and each crude oil has its own unique composition or assay. There are also hundreds of petroleum refineries worldwide and each of them is designed to process either a specific crude oil or specific types of crude oils. Naphtha is a general term as each refinery produces its own naphthas with their own unique initial and final boiling points and other physical and compositional characteristics.


title: Petroleum naphtha

text: Naphthas may also be produced from other material such as coal tar, shale deposits, tar sands, and the destructive distillation of wood.


title: Petroleum naphtha

text: The first unit operation (after being desalinated) in a petroleum refinery is the crude oil distillation unit. The overhead liquid distillate from that unit is called "virgin" or "straight-run" naphtha and that distillate is the largest source of naphtha in most petroleum refineries. The naphtha is a mixture of many different hydrocarbon compounds. It has an initial boiling point (IBP) of about 35 °C and a final boiling point (FBP) of about 200 °C, and it contains paraffins, naphthenes (cyclic paraffins) and aromatic hydrocarbons ranging from those containing 4 carbon atoms to those containing about 10 or 11 carbon atoms.


title: Petroleum naphtha

text: The virgin heavy naphtha is usually processed in a catalytic reformer, because the light naphtha has molecules with six or fewer carbon atoms—which, when reformed, tend to crack into butane and lower molecular weight hydrocarbons that are not useful as high-octane gasoline blending components. Also, the molecules with six carbon atoms tend to form aromatics, which is undesirable because the environmental regulations of a number of countries limit the amount of aromatics (most particularly benzene) in gasoline.


title: Petroleum naphtha

text: The table below lists some typical virgin heavy naphthas, available for catalytic reforming, derived from various crude oils. It can be seen that they differ significantly in their content of paraffins, naphthenes and aromatics:


title: Petroleum naphtha

text: Some refinery naphthas also contain some olefinic hydrocarbons, such as naphthas derived from the fluid catalytic cracking, visbreakers and coking processes used in many refineries. Those olefin-containing naphthas are often referred to as "cracked" naphthas.


title: Petroleum naphtha

text: In some (but not all) petroleum refineries, the cracked naphthas are desulfurized and catalytically reformed (as are the virgin naphthas) to produce additional high-octane gasoline components.


title: Petroleum naphtha

text: Some petroleum refineries also produce small amounts of specialty naphthas for use as solvents, cleaning fluids and dry-cleaning agents, paint and varnish diluents, asphalt diluents, rubber industry solvents, recycling products, and cigarette-lighter, portable-camping-stove and lantern fuels. Those specialty naphthas are subjected to various purification processes which adjusts chemical characteristics to suit specific needs.


title: Petroleum naphtha

text: Specialty naphtha comes in many varieties and each are referred to by separate names such as "petroleum ether", "petroleum spirits", "mineral spirits", "paraffin", "benzine", "hexane", "ligroin", "white oil" or "white gas", "painters naphtha", "refined solvent naphtha" and "Varnish makers' & painters' naphtha (VM&P)". The best way to determine the boiling point and other compositional characteristics of any of the specialty naphtha is to read the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for the specific naphtha of interest. Safety Data Sheets can be found on a chemical suppliers websites or by contacting the supplier directly.


title: Petroleum naphtha

text: On a much larger scale, petroleum naphtha is also used in the petrochemicals industry as feedstock to steam reformers and steam crackers for the production of hydrogen (which may be and is converted into ammonia for fertilizers), ethylene, and other olefins. Natural gas is also used as feedstock to steam reformers and steam crackers.


title: Petroleum naphtha

text: People can be exposed to petroleum naphtha in the workplace by breathing it, swallowing it, skin contact, and eye contact. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) set the legal limit (permissible exposure limit) for petroleum naphtha exposure in the workplace as 500 ppm (2000 mg/m) over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 350 mg/m over an 8-hour workday and 1800 mg/m over 15 minutes. At levels of 1100 ppm, 10% of the lower explosive limit, petroleum naphtha is immediately dangerous to life and health.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: Henri George Lansbury (born 12 October 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Championship side Luton Town. He previously played for Arsenal, where he ascended from the club's academy. Lansbury also had spells with sides Scunthorpe United, Watford, Norwich City, West Ham United and Nottingham Forest. and most recently Bristol City. He achieved consecutive promotions to the Premier League in 2010–11 with Norwich and 2011–12 with West Ham. Lansbury also played for England as a youth international.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: Lansbury was born in Enfield, Greater London and grew up in Potters Bar. In 1999, he joined Arsenal as a schoolboy from the books of Norwich City. As such Lansbury featured as a regular for the club's academy sides. He finally made his first-team debut on 31 October 2007, in Arsenal's 3–0 League Cup win over Sheffield United, when he was brought on to replace Theo Walcott in the 83rd minute. Lansbury missed the second half of the 2007–08 season due to glandular fever but returned to fitness in time to participate in pre-season training and the 2008 pre-season friendly games.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: He was described by former Arsenal striker Alan Smith as having "huge potential". On 1 July 2008 he signed his first professional contract with Arsenal. but was restricted to cup games at the club. On 31 January 2009, Lansbury went on loan to Scunthorpe United in League One for a month. He scored on his full debut against Swindon Town in the league, adding three further goals during his loan campaign. Lansbury featured in the FA Youth Cup Final for Arsenal, helping them win the trophy over Liverpool, assisting Gilles Sunu on the first goal and Jay Emmanuel-Thomas on the fourth goal in the first leg 4–1 victory.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: On 21 August 2009, Lansbury joined Watford on loan until 31 December 2009. He scored his first goals for them with a brace against Sheffield Wednesday on 23 October 2009.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: On 31 December 2009, Lansbury signed a new long-term contract with Arsenal. After signing a new deal, manager Arsène Wenger said that Lansbury "will be a big player". He made his Premier League debut for Arsenal on 9 May 2010 against Fulham on the last day of the season, after returning from his loan spell at Watford. Arsenal won the match 4–0. His first goal for the club came against Tottenham Hotspur in the 3rd round of the League Cup, on 21 September 2010. Lansbury played the full 90 minutes and 30 minutes extra time, as the Gunners ran out 4–1 winners against their bitter North London rivals. It was a goal which he said was like a dream.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: After impressing against Spurs, Lansbury went on to be named in the Arsenal squad for their UEFA Champions League game against Shakhtar Donetsk but did not make an appearance off the bench. After a successful loan spell at Norwich City for much of the 2010–11 season, making 23 appearances and being involved in nine goals, he returned to his parent club. He made two substitute appearances for Arsenal at the beginning of the season before joining West Ham United at the end of August 2011 on a season long loan for rest of the 2011–12 season. On 13 September 2011, Lansbury signed a contract extension, for an undisclosed period of time, with Arsenal.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: On 22 November 2010, Lansbury joined Norwich City on a 28-day emergency loan deal to cover for injuries in the City squad. He was given the number 12 shirt and made his debut in the East Anglian derby victory against Ipswich Town on 28 November, setting up a goal for Grant Holt in the process. Lansbury sustained a hamstring injury in the 2–1 away victory over Coventry City. After briefly returning to Arsenal in mid-January, he soon rejoined Norwich on loan until the end of the season. He scored his first two goals for the club in consecutive home games against Millwall and Reading – the former being a stoppage time winner. He became a cult hero after his goal against Leeds United when he celebrated by doing the Dougie made famous by the song Teach Me How to Dougie.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: Lansbury missed out on the 2010–11 Football League Championship Young Player of the Year award after fierce competition from Connor Wickham who at the time was playing for Ipswich Town.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: On 31 August 2011, Lansbury joined West Ham United on a season-long loan from Arsenal. He made his debut on 10 September 2011 in a 4–3 home win against Portsmouth scoring West Ham's second goal, eventually finishing with the Man of the Match accolade. In October 2011, Lansbury was ruled out until Christmas with a knee injury. On 21 February 2012, Lansbury was brought on to play in goal against Blackpool after Robert Green had been sent off for a professional foul with West Ham leading 2–1. Manager Sam Allardyce had not named a goalkeeper amongst his substitutes. West Ham went on to win the game 4–1, and fans chanted "England's Number 1" at the final whistle in tribute to Lansbury's second-half goalkeeping debut, keeping a clean-sheet in the process. West Ham's travelling fans also sang 'Are you Ludo (Hammers favourite Ludek Miklosko) in disguise?' to Lansbury in honour of his emergency shot-stopping stint between the sticks.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: Lansbury, with West Ham, won the 2012 Football League Championship play-off final, in a 2–1 beating of Blackpool at Wembley Stadium, a triumph that earned the Irons promotion back to the Premier League, a status that the club has never left from as of present.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: On 28 August 2012, Lansbury joined Football League Championship side Nottingham Forest from Arsenal on a four-year deal for a transfer fee believed to be in excess of £1 million. On 19 February 2013 he scored his first goal for the club by netting the fifth goal in a 6–1 victory over Huddersfield Town. Lansbury scored the first goal of Forest's 2013–14 campaign in the Championship, netting the only goal in a 1–0 victory over Huddersfield Town. Lansbury scored his second goal on his third appearance of the season, in a 3–0 win over Bolton Wanderers.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: Having established himself as a regular starter for Forest, Lansbury missed the final months of the 2013–14 season through injury and was strongly linked in the summer with a move to newly promoted Premier League side Burnley. However, Lansbury signed a new three-year contract with Forest on 22 August 2014. He made his return from injury on 26 August 2014, scoring and winning the fan's man of the match award in a 2–0 League Cup second round victory over Huddersfield Town. Lansbury then started Forest's next game in the Championship away at Sheffield Wednesday. He played 68 minutes of the game and scored Forest's winner in the thirty-seventh minute. Lansbury also went on to win the EFL Championship Player of the Month award of February 2015.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: Prior to and during the 2015–16 Championship season, Lansbury was once again linked with a transfer to Burnley. Despite the continued media speculation and negotiations between Forest and Burnley, Lansbury's manager Dougie Freedman praised his new captain's attitude and commented that his performance against Rotherham was a "delight to watch". Less than a week after the Rotherham game, a statement was released by Forest on 20 August 2015 confirming that Lansbury had declared his intention to stay at the club.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: Lansbury continued to be a first-team regular during the 2016–17 season under the new management of Philippe Montanier, and scored his first career hat-trick on 25 November 2016 to inspire Forest to a 5–2 defeat of Barnsley at Oakwell. After the game Montanier stressed the importance of successfully negotiating a new deal for Lansbury, whose contract was due to expire in the summer of 2017. Lansbury himself expressed a desire to stay at the club in an interview with Sky Sports, describing Forest as his "second home". On 9 December Lansbury was awarded the Championship Player of the Month Award for November, being the second time that he's won such. His outstanding performance in Forest's win over Barnsley was cited as a factor in him being bestowed with the honour by Sky Sports pundit Don Goodman.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: In January 2017, and with his contract situation unresolved, Lansbury was the subject of bids from Derby County and Aston Villa, the latter of which was reported to be worth £3 million. Amid the speculation, Lansbury missed Forest's FA Cup defeat at Wigan Athletic on 7 January because his "head was not right to play". On 20 January, after reported interest from Watford, Celtic and Norwich City, Lansbury completed a transfer to Aston Villa to bring an end to his four-and-a-half-year stay at Forest.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: He scored his first goal for the Villans against Leeds United on 1 December 2017 to earn his side a 1–1 draw. However, after the appointment of Dean Smith as Aston Villa manager in October 2018, Lansbury found it difficult to find regular game time, playing mostly in cup competitions. At the start of the 2020–21 Premier League season, Lansbury found himself behind John McGinn, Conor Hourihane and Jacob Ramsey in the pecking order. On 15 September 2020, he made his 50th appearance for Aston Villa, after 3-and-a-half years with the club, in a 3–1 away victory over Burton Albion in the EFL Cup.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: On 20 October 2020, Aston Villa confirmed their squad for the 2020-21 Premier League season, which did not include Lansbury.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: On 29 January 2021, Lansbury departed Aston Villa after agreeing a mutual termination of his contract.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: On 29 January 2021, Lansbury joined Championship side Bristol City on a short-term contract until the end of the 2020–21 season. Lansbury made his Bristol City debut on 6 February, in a 0–2 home league defeat to Cardiff City.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: On 14 May 2021, Lansbury left Bristol City following the expiration of his contract, he was then immediately signed by Luton Town.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: Lansbury has featured for England as a youth international. He captained England's U-16 side and helped take their U17s to the final of the 2007 UEFA U-17 European Championship.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: He went on to miss the final due to a concussion that he suffered during the semi-final of the tournament.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: Lansbury also held the captain's armband at the U-19 level where he took England to the 2009 UEFA U-19 European Championship final against Ukraine where they emerged as runners up. He scored three goals to end up as the second highest scorer of the tournament altogether.


title: Henri Lansbury

text: Lansbury made his debut for the U21 team in a game against Portugal in November 2009. On 16 November 2010, in an England Under-21 friendly to Germany, Lansbury replaced Jason Steele in goal when he was red carded. He let in the resulting penalty by Cenk Tosun but then kept Germany at bay for the rest of the match. Lansbury was called up to England's U-21 squad for the 2011 UEFA Under-21 Championships featuring in all three group stage matches as a substitute. On 1 September 2011 he started for England in an 2013 UEFA Under-21 Championships qualifier against Azerbaijan. In an impressive display he scored twice, assisted two further goals and was named man of the match as England won 6–0. On 29 February 2012, he scored two goals as England U21 secured a play-off spot for Euro 2013 with a 4–0 victory at The Riverside over Belgium U21.


title: Helichrysum

text: The genus Helichrysum consists of an estimated 600 species of flowering plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). The type species is "Helichrysum orientale". They often go by the names everlasting, immortelle, and strawflower. The name is derived from the Anicent Greek words (helios, sun) and (, gold).


title: Helichrysum

text: It occurs in Africa (with 244 species in South Africa), Madagascar, Australasia and Eurasia. The plants may be annuals, herbaceous perennials or shrubs, growing to a height of . The genus was a wastebasket taxon, and many of its members have been reclassified in smaller genera, most notably the Everlastings, now in the genus "Xerochrysum".


title: Helichrysum

text: Their leaves are oblong to lanceolate. They are flat and pubescent on both sides. The bristles of the pappus are scabrous, barbellate, or plumose.


title: Helichrysum

text: The receptacle ("base of the flower head") is often smooth, with a fringed margin, or honey-combed, and resemble daisies. They may be in almost all colors, except blue. There are many capitula and generally flat-topped corymbs or panicles. The corolla lobes show glandular hairs at the abaxial surface.


title: Helichrysum

text: "Helichrysum" species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the bucculaticid leaf-miners "Bucculatrix gnaphaliella" (which feeds exclusively on "Helichrysum arenarium") and "Bucculatrix helichrysella" (feeds exclusively on "H. italicum") and the "Coleophora" case-bearers "C. caelebipennella", "C. gnaphalii" (feeds exclusively on "H arenarium") and "C. helichrysiella" (feeds exclusively on "H. italicum").


title: Helichrysum

text: Hilliard (1983) divided this large and heterogeneous genus in 30 morphological groups. But the genus remains controversial and is considered by many to be an artificial genus. The taxonomy of this large polymorphic and probably polyphyletic genus is complex and not yet satisfactorily resolved. Several Australian species, such as "H. acuminatum" and "H. bracteatum", have been reclassified in the genus "Xerochrysum" in 1991, resp. as "X. subundulatum" and "X. bracteatum". In 1989, misaligned species of "Helichrysum" were reclassified in "Syncarpha". Species included in "Pseudognaphalium", "Anaphalis", "Achyrocline" and "Humeocline" are probably congeneric with "Helichrysum". Australian species have also been reclassified to the genus "Chrysocephalum", including "Chrysocephalum semipapposum" and "Chrysocephalum apiculatum".


title: Helichrysum

text: Several species are grown as ornamental plants, and for dried flowers. When cut young and dried, the open flowers and stalks preserve their colour and shape for long periods.


title: Helichrysum

text: "Helichrysum italicum" (synonym "Helichrysum angustifolium") is steam distilled to produce a yellow-reddish essential oil popular in fragrance for its unique scent, best described as herbaceous, sweet, and honey-like. The epithet "angustifolium" means narrow leaved. It is commonly misspelled as "augustifolium".


The Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) is a department of His Majesty's Government, with responsibility for culture and sport in England, the building of a digital economy, and some aspects of the media throughout the UK, such as broadcasting and the Internet.


title: Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport

text: It also has responsibility for the tourism, leisure and creative industries (some joint with Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy). The department was also responsible for the delivery of the 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games.


text: DCMS originates from the Department of National Heritage (DNH), which itself was created on 11 April 1992 out of various other departments, soon after the Conservative election victory. The former ministers for the Arts and for Sport had previously been located in other departments.


text: DNH was renamed as the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) on 14 July 1997, under the premiership of Tony Blair. It was renamed to Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport on 3 July 2017, staying DCMS under the premiership of Theresa May to reflect the department's increased activity in the digital sector.


text: DCMS was the co-ordinating department for the successful bid by London to host the 2012 Olympics and appointed and oversees the agencies delivering the Games' infrastructure and programme, principally the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) and LOCOG.


text: The June 2007 Cabinet reshuffle led to Tessa Jowell MP taking on the role of Paymaster General and then Minister for the Cabinet Office while remaining Minister for the Olympics. Ministerial responsibility for the Olympics was shared with Ms Jowell in the Cabinet Office, but the staff of the Government Olympic Executive (GOE) remained based in DCMS.


text: Following the 2010 general election, ministerial responsibility for the Olympics returned to the Secretary of State. Although Jeremy Hunt's full title was Secretary of State for Culture, Olympics, Media and Sport, the department's name remained unchanged. On 4 September 2012, Hunt was appointed Health Secretary in a cabinet reshuffle and replaced by Maria Miller. Maria Miller later resigned due to controversy over her expenses. Her replacement was announced later that day as Sajid Javid.


text: After the 2015 general election, John Whittingdale was appointed as Secretary of State, tasked with initiating the BBC Charter review process. DCMS received full responsibility for the digital economy policy, formerly jointly held with BIS, and sponsorship of the Information Commissioner's Office from the Ministry of Justice.


text: Whittingdale was replaced by Karen Bradley after the referendum on the UK's membership of the EU in July 2016. The Office for Civil Society moved from the Cabinet Office to DCMS as part of the same reshuffle.


text: In January 2018, Matthew Hancock, previous Minister of State for Digital, was appointed Secretary of State as part of a Cabinet reshuffle. In the 9 July 2018 reshuffle, Jeremy Wright became the Secretary of State. Nicky Morgan became Secretary of State in July 2019; she stood down as an MP at the 2019 United Kingdom general election but was ennobled as Baroness Morgan of Cotes and retained her position from within the House of Lords. As part of the 13 February 2020 reshuffle, Oliver Dowden MP was appointed Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport.


text: Other responsibilities of DCMS include listing of historic buildings, scheduling of ancient monuments, export licensing of cultural goods, and management of the Government Art Collection (GAC).


text: The Secretary of State has responsibility for the maintenance of the land and buildings making up the historic Royal Estate under the Crown Lands Act 1851. These inherited functions, which were once centralised in the Office of Works, are now delivered as follows:


text: The department also has responsibility for state ceremonial occasions and royal funerals. However, responsibility for the Civil List element of head-of-state expenditure and income from the separate Crown Estate remains with the Chancellor of the Exchequer.


text: DCMS works jointly with the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) on design issues, including sponsorship of the Design Council, and on relations with the computer games and publishing industries.


text: DCMS organises the annual Remembrance Day Ceremony at the Cenotaph and has responsibility for providing humanitarian assistance in the event of a disaster. In the government's response to the 7 July 2005 London bombings the department coordinated humanitarian support to the relatives of victims and arranged the memorial events.


text: DCMS has also supported cyber initiatives such as Cyber Discovery and the UK Cyber Security Forum to support innovation in the cyber industry.


text: The main offices are at 100 Parliament Street, occupying part of the building known as Government Offices Great George Street.


text: The DCMS has policy responsibility for three statutory corporations and two public broadcasting authorities. These bodies and their operation are largely independent of government policy influence.


text: The department was responsible for the Horserace Totalisator Board (The Tote) until the sale of the Tote's business to Betfred in July 2011.


text: The DCMS sponsors the following executive non-departmental public bodies including a number of museums and galleries:


text: DCMS also has responsibility for two other bodies classified by the Office for National Statistics as being within the central government sector:


text: DCMS is also the major financial sponsor of the following bodies, which are not classed as part of the UK central government


text: Sponsorship of the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts (NESTA) transferred to the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills in June 2007. The Museum of London transferred to the Greater London Authority from 1 April 2008.


text: DCMS formerly sponsored eight Regional Cultural Consortiums with NDPB status. In July 2008, DCMS announced that the consortiums would be phased out over a twelve-month period and replaced by a new alliance of the regional teams of Arts Council England, Sport England, English Heritage and the MLA.


text: Culture, sport and tourism are devolved matters, with responsibility resting with corresponding departments in the Scottish Government in Scotland, the Welsh Government in Wales and the Northern Ireland Executive in Northern Ireland.


text: Scotland's comparability factor (the proportion of spending in this area devolved to the Scottish Government) was 68% for 2021/22.


text: Northern Ireland's comparability factor (the proportion of spending in this area devolved to the Northern Ireland Executive) was 69.9% for 2021/22.


text: Wales' comparability factor (the proportion of spending in this area devolved to the Welsh Government) was 67.7% for 2021/22.


title: SS Arthur M. Anderson

text: SS "Arthur M. Anderson" is a cargo ship of the laker type. She is famous for being the last ship to be in contact with before she sank on November 10, 1975. "Arthur M. Anderson" was also the first rescue ship on the scene in a vain search for "Edmund Fitzgerald" survivors. The vessel's namesake, Arthur Marvin Anderson, was director of U.S. Steel, a member of its finance committee and vice chairman of J.P. Morgan & Co. at the time. The ship was launched in 1952 and is in active service.


title: SS Arthur M. Anderson

text: SS "Arthur M. Anderson" came out of the drydock of the American Ship Building Company of Lorain, Ohio in 1952. She had a length of , a beam, a depth, and a gross tonnage of roughly 20,000 tons. She was second of eight of the AAA class of lake freighters; the others being, in order, , , , , , , and . "Arthur M. Anderson", along with "Philip R. Clarke" and "Cason J. Callaway", were built for the Pittsburgh Steamship Division of U.S. Steel. "Arthur M. Anderson"s sea trials commenced on August 7, 1952, and she loaded her first cargo at the Two Harbors dock on August 12, 1952. She received several refits in her life including the addition of a new midsection in 1975 which added about 6,000 tons to her gross tonnage, bringing the total to about 26,000 tons. During the Lake Superior storm on November 10, 1975, she was operating in close company with and reported its loss to the United States Coast Guard. In 1981 she received a self unloading boom which improved her cargo loading and unloading. She is unique among the three Great Lakes Fleet steamships in that she has a softer midsection that prohibits loading as much cargo as the others; roughly 1500 tons less.


title: SS Arthur M. Anderson

text: In February 2015 "Arthur M. Anderson" became stuck and stranded in several feet of ice in Lake Erie near Conneaut Harbor, Ohio. "Arthur M. Anderson" was freed from the ice on February 21, 2015, after five days with the help of the Canadian Coast Guard vessel . was slated to escort "Arthur M. Anderson" to Detroit. had also become stranded while attempting to free the ship from the up to thick ice.


title: SS Arthur M. Anderson

text: "Arthur M. Anderson" was put on long-term lay-up in Duluth, Minnesota on January 15, 2017, at the end of the 2016 shipping season. In April 2019, she was transferred to the nearby Fraser Shipyards for a five-month survey and refitting to prepare for her return to service. The vessel returned to service on July 25, 2019.


title: Liverpool F.C. (Montevideo)

text: Liverpool Fútbol Club is a Uruguayan football club based in Montevideo. The team was first promoted to the Primera División in 1919 and plays its home games at Estadio Belvedere.


title: Liverpool F.C. (Montevideo)

text: The club has its roots in the student team from the Catholic Capuchin school in Nuevo París, which began playing in 1908. The club took on the name Liverpool as there were many cultural links between the two areas; the majority of coal ships arriving in Montevideo came from the English port. A number of clubs took on Anglicised names, such as league rivals Montevideo Wanderers; in this case, the team paid homage to Liverpool FC.


title: Liverpool F.C. (Montevideo)

text: Liverpool plays home matches in Estadio Belvedere (Belvedere Stadium), formerly owned by the Montevideo Wanderers.


title: Liverpool F.C. (Montevideo)

text: In 2019 Liverpool won the Torneo Intermedio, their first 1st division title. In 2020, they won the Supercopa Uruguaya for the first time and finished a historic year by capturing the "Torneo Clausura" for the first time in its history.


title: Liverpool F.C. (Montevideo)

text: Liverpool FC had a basketball team until the 1990s, playing in the stadium that still exists behind the north tribune of Estadio Belvedere. The team never reached the first division.


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly is a 2002 platform video game released for the PlayStation 2 and GameCube, developed by Equinoxe Digital Entertainment and Check Six Studios; and published by Universal Interactive. It is the fourth main installment in the "Spyro" series. It is the first to be released for the console and the first to not be developed by the series creator, Insomniac Games.


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: Named for the companions of the dragons in the setting, "Enter the Dragonfly" concerns Spyro's contention with the return of the antagonist Ripto and his attempted abduction of 90 magical dragonflies.


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: Critical reception of the game was mixed due to its short length, lack of originality, and numerous technical issues. This was caused by creative disagreements with the publisher and time constraints to meet the holiday 2002 deadline.


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: The player controls Spyro the dragon, who is accompanied by his dragonfly partner Sparx. Spyro is able to breathe fire, charge, glide, hover, and swim. New to the series is the introduction of multiple breath attacks, such as bubble breath, ice breath, and electric breath. Spyro is also able to learn a block technique which can be used to deflect ranged attacks back at enemies. These abilities are attained from the ancient dragon statue in the home world by collecting magical runes.


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: The story continues from the events of "" with a rite of passage for the young dragons and the arrival of new young dragonfly guardians to assist them.


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: During the event, Ripto, who was the antagonist of , enters via a magical portal with his henchmen and disrupts the celebration. His intent is to capture all of the dragonflies, thus weakening the power of every dragon and thereby get his revenge upon Spyro, but his spell misfires, and the dragonflies become scattered throughout the Dragon Realms.


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: Spyro recovers the dragonflies by capturing them in the environment with his bubble breath ability and completing tasks for NPCs. After collecting all of the lost dragonflies, Spyro fights and defeats Ripto, who retreats whence he came.


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: Upon completion of the original "Spyro" trilogy for Sony PlayStation, the original developer Insomniac Games ceased production on the franchise and moved onto developing the "Ratchet & Clank" games. After the publishing agreement between Sony Computer Entertainment and Universal Interactive Studios ended in April 2000, Universal Interactive, who owned the "Spyro" intellectual property, was consolidated into Havas Interactive the following year, becoming a publishing label within the company and announced plans to bring an original "Spyro" game to the Xbox, PlayStation 2, PC, and Game Boy Advance. Universal contracted two California-based studios to develop the game: Equinoxe Digital Entertainment, responsible for the game's art, and Check Six Studios, who handled its design and programming.


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: Joel Goodsell, a game designer who had previously worked on the Disney Interactive Studios titles "Gargoyles" and "", joined the project after seeing a Spyro-themed demo they developed. Goodsell served as the original project lead and felt that Spyro needed a "tone update" going from PS1 to PS2. The developers initially created a darker, more adult take on "Spyro", integrating steampunk visuals into the design and art. Based on Universal's feedback, the game was rewritten to be more traditional, with a plot involving Gnasty Gnorc and Ripto, antagonists from the previous games, teaming up and demanding revenge on Spyro. Universal replied that the game was "just a standard "Spyro" game design", asking what was special about it. Goodsell then wrote "an epic "Zelda"-esque RPG-lite Spyro design" including a hub-town and surrounding open world field with changing seasons. Universal signed off on this design in January 2002, leaving no feedback. "Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly" for the PS2 was unveiled on February 19, 2002, at Vivendi Universal Games' First Annual Games Fair in France; a GameCube version was confirmed in July.


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: Several months into the game's development, Check Six and Equinoxe moved into a single office space in Venice, California. The game struggled with low framerates, even as the visuals were simplified. Check Six had difficulty paying their developers, missing paychecks, and the team was also pressured to release the game in time for the Christmas season. Goodsell felt that having two directors on the team, including Ricci Rukavina of Universal Interactive, hurt the team's morale and was a drain on Check Six's limited financial resources, he subsequently left the studio.


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: Stewart Copeland, composer of the previous three "Spyro" games as well as "Enter the Dragonfly" stated he started to feel a "divergence" with Universal Interactive, stating "I remember the team came in to create the promotional materials for "Enter The Dragonfly". They showed me an ad they had, which I didn’t even recognize as Spyro. It was country and western-themed, and I think that’s where the divergence happened for me. We were not on the same page any more."


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: "Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly" was the only game developed by Check Six and Equinoxe before they closed down. Check Six was working on "Aliens: Colonial Marines" simultaneously with "Spyro", which was cancelled due to performance and production issues. Equinoxe developed a prototype for a Nintendo game "that had a lot of promise, but Nintendo elected to not continue funding it after one particular milestone."


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: The PlayStation 2 version of the game received "mixed or average" reviews and the GameCube version received "generally unfavorable" reviews, according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: "IGN" said of the PS2 version, ""Enter the Dragonfly" is essentially a replica game, a side step or a lateral move rather than a step forward. So, what it comes down to is this: Are you up for more of the exact same Spyro game?" Ted Price, the President of Insomniac Games, even spoke out about how bad he found the game. In an interview, he stated, "Spyro has become an abused stepchild... Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly on PS2 and GameCube was an absolute travesty."


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: A large body of criticism for the game was caused by its numerous bugs and glitches. Some reviewers speculated that this was caused by a rushed development cycle to reach a scheduled release date. Matthew Gallant, writing for "GameSpot", said, "Even the biggest fans of Spyro are going to have a hard time enjoying this game. The leap to the latest generation of consoles leaves them with a slower game, a shorter game (10 hours), and an all-around less enjoyable game, not to mention a buggy one." Critics also reported that the technical issues extended to sound. "Gamershell" claimed: "Let's remember some basic school knowledge first: sounds that originate from far away are more silent than sounds which are near us. Not so in Spyro. Something went very wrong with the sound positioning system. Sounds from far away often sound like they are directly in front of you."


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: Another criticism of the game was the framerate. Ben Kosmina of "Nintendo World Report" said, "While running around the Dragon Realms (the overworld of the game) if there's too many sheep or moving characters on screen, the game will skip frames excessively. It also happens while running or flying through levels where there are a lot of characters, and even sometimes when there aren't any characters in the area! This is just unacceptable." "IGN" shared this complaint, adding "The framerate suffers often, chugging from around a maximum of 30 fps downward, depending on the area. Which is kind of strange, because these worlds aren't much bigger than those on the PlayStation versions of Spyro. There aren't many more enemies on screen, and the textures are still the same, simple flat shaded swaths of primary colours, just like the others. Oftentimes, entire areas pop in because of weird problems with load issues."


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: Critics also had issues with control and collision detection. Kosmina mentioned, "Due to the awful control you have over Spyro when he's flying, you'll be plummeting off cliffs, missing switches you're trying to ground pound, swerving all over the place while trying to land properly and falling off small platforms for no reason at all."


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: The GameCube version was a runner-up for the "Worst Game on GameCube" award at "GameSpot"s Best and Worst of 2002 Awards, which went to "Jeremy McGrath Supercross World".


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: The PlayStation 2 version received a "Platinum" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 300,000 units in the UK.


title: Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

text: On March 28, 2007, a lawsuit was filed against Universal, Check Six, Equinoxe and Sony by the parents of a child who suffered epileptic seizures after playing "Enter The Dragonfly".


title: Leeann Tweeden

text: Leeann Tweeden is an American radio broadcaster, model and sports commentator. She is co-host of "Dr. Drew Midday Live" on Radio 790 KABC in Los Angeles.


title: Leeann Tweeden

text: Tweeden was born in Manassas, Virginia, to Bill Tweeden, a retired Air Force Chief Mechanic, and his wife Catherine. She is of Filipino descent on her mother's side. After graduating from Osbourn Park High School in 1991, Tweeden moved to Hollywood to pursue a career in modeling.


title: Leeann Tweeden

text: In 1992, while working as a hostess at a Hooters restaurant in Colorado Springs, Colorado, she won first place in the Venus International Model Search. This break led to national exposure, including a regular role as a fitness model on the TV show "Fitness Beach". Tweeden modeled for promotional work for Hooters (which included an appearance in the restaurant's 1994 calendar), Venus International, and Frederick's of Hollywood. In the early 2000s, Tweeden hosted many segments of the Fox Sports Net show, "Bluetorch TV". Tweeden was a correspondent for Fox Sports Networks' "The Best Damn Sports Show Period" from 2001 to 2007. In 2008, Tweeden became the third hostess of the NBC late night television series "Poker After Dark". She has also appeared on the political discussion series "Hannity" in 2011 and 2012. She was a member of the "Great American Panel" and also occasionally appeared on the panel of "Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld". Tweeden was seen in pre- and post-game coverage of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim on Fox Sports West and on Fox Sports 1's "UFC Tonight", with Kenny Florian and Ariel Helwani.


title: Leeann Tweeden

text: On February 7, 2017, Tweeden joined the cast of the Los Angeles morning radio show "McIntyre in the Morning" on KABC, 790 AM as the news anchor.


title: Leeann Tweeden

text: In August 1996, Tweeden appeared on the cover of "Playboy" magazine and as part of a fitness model pictorial for that issue. She did not appear nude. In December 2011, at 38 years old, she again appeared on the cover of "Playboy", this time in a nude pictorial.


title: Leeann Tweeden

text: In 2002, she was a guest character in the motocross video game "Freekstyle" as a motocross rider. The March 2007 issue of "FHM" (the final U.S. issue ever printed) featured Tweeden as the cover girl. As part of Hooters' 25th anniversary in 2008, she was named among "The Top Hooters Girls of all time".


title: Leeann Tweeden

text: On October 30, 2017, California Congresswoman Jackie Speier was interviewed by the McIntyre show about a sexual assault that occurred when she was in her 20s and was a congressional staffer for Representative Leo Ryan. She reported Ryan's chief of staff "kissed me and stuck his tongue in my mouth". McIntyre said that led to a conversation with Tweeden about an alleged incident between her and Minnesota U.S. Senator Al Franken. Two weeks later, Republican operative Roger Stone wrote, "It’s Al Franken's 'time in the barrel.' Franken next in long list of Democrats to be accused of 'grabby' behavior." Following the posting of Tweeden's story, far-right radio show host and prominent conspiracy theorist. Alex Jones, broadcast that Stone had told him, in advance, "Get ready. Franken’s next". Stone told author and "New Yorker" reporter Jane Mayer that a Fox broadcasting executive, a friend of Tweeden had advised him of the story.


title: Leeann Tweeden

text: On November 16, 2017, Tweeden gave an interview to 790 KABC and wrote in a post on its website that Franken behaved inappropriately toward her when the two were on a 2006 USO tour to the Middle East. Tweeden stated that Franken, who in 2008 had been elected to the Senate from Minnesota, insisted that they rehearse the kiss that appeared in the script for a skit in the USO show: "I said 'OK' so he would stop badgering me. We did the line leading up to the kiss and then he came at me, put his hand on the back of my head, mashed his lips against mine and aggressively stuck his tongue in my mouth." She said she pushed him away, feeling "disgusted and violated". Tweeden wrote that Franken also posed for a photograph with her while she was asleep on the C-17 cargo plane flying home. According to "The Washington Post", the photograph, "shows Franken looking into a camera, his hands either over or on Tweeden’s chest as she slept". A subsequent review of the photo revealed that it may have been a parody of a skit that had been used in the USO show's comedy routine. In the skit, Franken appears as a doctor who informs Tweeden's character that "a woman your age should have a complete breast examination every year"; Franken then approaches her with his arms outstretched and his hands aimed at her chest.


title: Leeann Tweeden

text: Although Tweeden stated "he wrote that sketch just to kiss me", it was later confirmed that the same kissing skit had been performed on the USO tour by several other actresses in previous years. It had been intended as a callback to the Bob Hope/Raquel Welch USO skits of the Vietnam era. Numerous witnesses on that tour recalled that Tweeden had performed the skit on multiple occasions. CNBC's John Harwood said in defense of Franken, referring to a video taken of her "humping" a surprised, married comedian Robin Williams on a similar 2004 USO tour, "[T]hat pic was obviously a joke, not groping, just like Leeann Tweeden wrapping her leg around Robin Williams and smacking his butt; entertainment for soldiers deployed overseas is raunchy like that." Franken responded, saying: "I certainly don't remember the rehearsal for the skit in the same way, but I send my sincerest apologies to Leeann. [...] As to the photo, it was clearly intended to be funny but wasn't. I shouldn't have done it." He issued a longer apology later, which Tweeden accepted. Other accusations of sexual misconduct—including grabbing a woman's bottom while posing for a photo—followed Tweeden's. Franken resigned from the Senate on January 2, 2018.


title: Leeann Tweeden

text: Tweeden met her husband, Chris Dougherty, a pilot for the California Air National Guard, during a USO tour. They married in 2010. They have two children, son Kane and daughter Kaia.


title: Leeann Tweeden

text: She considers herself fiscally conservative and said that she voted twice for President George W. Bush.


title: Datalog

text: Datalog is a declarative logic programming language. While it is syntactically a subset of Prolog, Datalog generally uses a bottom-up rather than top-down evaluation model. This difference yields significantly different behavior and properties from Prolog. It is often used as a query language for deductive databases. In recent years, Datalog has found new application in data integration, information extraction, networking, program analysis, security, cloud computing and machine learning.


title: Datalog

text: Its origins date back to the beginning of logic programming, but it became prominent as a separate area around 1977 when Hervé Gallaire and Jack Minker organized a workshop on logic and databases. David Maier is credited with coining the term Datalog.


title: Datalog

text: Unlike in Prolog, statements of a Datalog program can be stated in any order. Furthermore, Datalog queries on finite sets are guaranteed to terminate, so Datalog does not have Prolog's cut operator. This makes Datalog a fully declarative language.


title: Datalog

text: Query evaluation with Datalog is based on first-order logic, and is thus sound and complete. However, Datalog is not Turing complete, and is thus used as a domain-specific language that can take advantage of efficient algorithms developed for query resolution. Indeed, various methods have been proposed to efficiently perform queries, e.g., the Magic Sets algorithm, tabled logic programming or SLG resolution.


title: Datalog

text: Some widely used database systems include ideas and algorithms developed for Datalog. For example, the standard includes recursive queries, and the Magic Sets algorithm (initially developed for the faster evaluation of Datalog queries) is implemented in IBM's DB2. Moreover, Datalog engines are behind specialised database systems such as Intellidimension's database for the semantic web.


title: Datalog

text: Several extensions have been made to Datalog, e.g., to support aggregate functions, to allow object-oriented programming, or to allow disjunctions as heads of clauses. These extensions have significant impacts on the definition of Datalog's semantics and on the implementation of a corresponding Datalog interpreter.


title: Datalog

text: Datalog programs may or may not use negation in rule bodies: Datalog programs with negation are often required to use it as stratified negation to ensure that the semantics are well-defined. Datalog programs may or may not use inequalities between variables in rule bodies.


title: Datalog

text: Some syntactic fragments of Datalog have been defined, such as the following (from most restricted to least restricted):


title: Datalog

text: Another restriction concerns the use of recursion: nonrecursive Datalog is defined by disallowing recursion in the definition of Datalog programs. This fragment of Datalog is as expressive as unions of conjunctive queries, but writing queries as nonrecursive Datalog can be more concise.


title: Datalog

text: The boundedness problem for Datalog asks, given a Datalog program, whether it is bounded, i.e., the maximal recursion depth reached when evaluating the program on an input database can be bounded by some constant. In other words, this question asks whether the Datalog program could be rewritten as a nonrecursive Datalog program. Solving the boundedness problem on arbitrary Datalog programs is undecidable, but it can be made decidable by restricting to some fragments of Datalog.


title: Datalog

text: This is what they mean: "xerces is a parent of brooke" and "brooke is a parent of damocles". The names are written in lowercase because strings beginning with an uppercase letter stand for variables.


title: Datalog

text: It asks the following: "Who are all the X that xerces is an ancestor of?" It would return "brooke" and "damocles" when posed against a Datalog system containing the facts and rules described above.


title: Datalog

text: More about rules: a rule has a ":-" symbol in the middle: the part to the left of this symbol is the "head" of the rule, the part to the right is the "body". A rule reads like this: "<nowiki><head> is known to be true if it is known that <body> is true</nowiki>". Uppercase letters in rules stand for variables: in the example, we don't know who "X" or "Y" are, but some "X" is the ancestor of some "Y" if that "X" is the parent of that "Y". The ordering of the clauses is irrelevant in Datalog, in contrast to Prolog, which depends on the ordering of clauses for computing the result of the query call.


title: Datalog

text: Datalog distinguishes between "extensional predicate symbols" (defined by facts) and "intensional predicate symbols" (defined by rules). In the example above codice_3 is an intensional predicate symbol, and codice_4 is extensional. Predicates may also be defined by facts and rules and therefore neither be purely extensional nor intensional, but any Datalog program can be rewritten into an equivalent program without such predicate symbols with duplicate roles.


title: Datalog

text: A Datalog program consists of a list of facts and rules (Horn clauses). If "constant" and "variable" are two countable sets of constants and variables respectively and "relation" is a countable set of predicate symbols, then the following grammar expresses the structure of a Datalog program:


title: Datalog

text: There are three widely-used approaches to the semantics of Datalog programs: model-theoretic, fixed-point, and proof-theoretic, developed and shown to be equivalent for Horn clause logic programs more generally by Maarten van Emden and Robert Kowalski


title: Datalog

text: A fact or rule is called "ground" if all of its subterms are constants. A ground rule "R" is a "ground instance" of another rule "R" if "R" is the result of a substitution of constants for all the variables in "R".


title: Datalog

text: The "Herbrand base" of a Datalog program is the set of all ground atoms that can be made with the constants appearing in the program. An "interpretation" (also known as a "database instance") is a subset of the Herbrand base. A ground atom is true in an interpretation if it is an element of . A rule is "true in an interpretation " if for each ground instance of that rule, if all the clauses in the body are true in , then the head of the rule is also true in .


title: Datalog

text: A "model" of a Datalog program "P" is an interpretation of "P" which contains all the ground facts of "P", and makes all of the rules of "P" true in . Model-theoretic semantics state that the meaning of a Datalog program is its minimal model (equivalently, the intersection of all its models).


title: Datalog

text: Let be the set of interpretations of a Datalog program "P" (i.e. , where "H" is the Herbrand base of "P" and P is the powerset operator). Define a map from to as follows: For each ground instance of each rule in "P", if every clause in the body is in the input interpretation, then add the head of the ground instance to the output interpretation. Then the fixed point of this map is the minimal model of the program. The fixpoint semantics suggest an algorithm for computing the minimal model: Start with the set of ground facts in the program, then repeatedly add consequences of the rules until a fixpoint is reached.


title: Datalog

text: There are many different ways to evaluate a Datalog program, with different performance characteristics.


title: Datalog

text: Bottom-up evaluation strategies start with the facts in the program and repeatedly apply the rules until the either some goal or query is established, or until the complete minimal model of the program is produced.


title: Datalog

text: "Naïve evaluation" mirrors the fixpoint semantics for Datalog programs. Naïve evaluation uses a set of "known facts", which is initialized to the facts in the program. It proceeds by repeatedly enumerating all ground instances of each rule in the program. If each atom in the body of the ground instance is in the set of known facts, then the head atom is added to the set of known facts. This process is repeated until a fixed point is reached, and no more facts may be deduced. Naïve evaluation produces the entire minimal model of the program.


title: The Message (Bible)

text: The Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language is a version of the Bible by Eugene H. Peterson published in segments from 1993 to 2002. It falls on the extreme dynamic end of the dynamic and formal equivalence spectrum.


title: The Message (Bible)

text: According to the Introduction to the New Testament of "The Message", its "contemporary idiom keeps the language of the Message (Bible) current and fresh and understandable". Peterson notes that in the course of the project, he realized this was exactly what he had been doing in his thirty-five years as a pastor, "always looking for an English way to make the biblical text relevant to the conditions of the people".


title: The Message (Bible)

text: The publisher states: "Peterson's work has been thoroughly reviewed by a team of recognized Old and New Testament scholars to ensure that it is accurate and faithful to the original languages."


title: The Message (Bible)

text: "The Message" was published piecemeal over a nine-year period. The New Testament was published in 1993. The Old Testament Wisdom Books were published in 1998. The Old Testament Prophets were published in 2000. The Old Testament Pentateuch were released in 2001. The Books of History came out in 2002. The entire Bible was released the same year and follows the traditional Protestant Biblical canon.


title: The Message (Bible)

text: "The Message" was translated by Peterson from the original languages. It is a highly idiomatic translation, using contemporary slang from the US rather than a more neutral International English, and it falls on the extreme dynamic end of the dynamic and formal equivalence spectrum. Some scholars, like Michael J. Gorman, consider some of Peterson's idiomatic renderings unconventional. The work was awarded the Evangelical Christian Publishers Association Gold Medallion in 2003 for being the title retailers prized.