title: Suite: Judy Blue Eyes

text: Writing for "The New York Times" in 1969, Robert Christgau suggested that while "Stills has become such a sophisticated guitarist that many of his lines lack any straight-on rhythmic compulsion", his "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" is "a structural triumph which could never have been brought off by a more Dionysiac spirit."


title: Suite: Judy Blue Eyes

text: "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" was named the 51st greatest song ever in a 2000 list by VH1. In 2004, "Rolling Stone" magazine ranked it number 418 in the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. It was also included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's "500 Songs That Shaped Rock & Roll".


title: Suite: Judy Blue Eyes

text: "I love the intricacies of the harmonies and Stills's guitar work," remarked Slipknot front-man Corey Taylor. "This is a favourite."


title: Pope Anacletus

text: Pope Anacletus (died ), also known as Cletus, was the bishop of Rome, following Peter and Linus. Anacletus served between and his death, . Cletus was a Roman who, during his tenure as pope, ordained a number of priests and is traditionally credited with setting up about twenty-five parishes in Rome. Although the precise dates of his pontificate are uncertain, he "...died a martyr, perhaps about 91". Cletus is mentioned in the Roman Canon of the mass; his feast day is April 26.


title: Pope Anacletus

text: The name "Cletus" () means "one who has been called", and "Anacletus" () means "one who has been called back". Also "Anencletus" () means "unimpeachable" or "blameless".


title: Pope Anacletus

text: The Roman Martyrology mentions the pope as "Cletus". The "Annuario Pontificio" gives both forms as alternatives. Eusebius, Irenaeus, Augustine of Hippo and Optatus all suggest that both names refer to the same individual.


title: Pope Anacletus

text: Cletus/Anacletus was traditionally understood to have been a Roman who served as pope for twelve years. The "Annuario Pontificio" states, "For the first two centuries, the dates of the start and the end of the pontificate are uncertain". It gives the years 80 to 92 as the reign of Pope Cletus/Anacletus. Other sources give the years 77 to 88.


title: Pope Anacletus

text: According to tradition, Pope Anacletus divided Rome into twenty-five parishes. One of the few surviving records concerning his papacy mentions him as having ordained an uncertain number of priests.


title: Pope Anacletus

text: Anacletus was buried next to his predecessor, Linus, near the grave of Peter, in what is now Vatican City. His name (as Cletus) is included in the Roman Canon of the Mass.


title: Pope Anacletus

text: The Tridentine Calendar reserved 26 April as the feast day of Saint Cletus, who the church honoured jointly with Pope Marcellinus, and 13 July for solely Saint Anacletus. In 1960, Pope John XXIII, while keeping the 26 April feast, which mentions the saint under the name given to him in the Canon of the Mass, removed 13 July as a feast day for Saint Anacletus. The 14 February 1961 Instruction of the Congregation for Rites on the application to local calendars of Pope John XXIII's motu proprio "Rubricarum instructum" of 25 July 1960, decreed that "the feast of 'Saint Anacletus', on whatever ground and in whatever grade it is celebrated, is transferred to 26 April, under its right name, 'Saint Cletus'". Priests who celebrate Mass according to the General Roman Calendar of 1954 keep the July 13th feastday; but the feast has been removed from the General Roman Calendar since 1960, and as such is not kept even in the 1962 Missal. Although the day of his death is unknown, Saint Cletus continues to be listed in the Roman Martyrology among the saints of 26 April.


title: Pope Anacletus

text: In the Divine Comedy, Dante mentions him as being placed in the "Heaven of the Fixed Stars" (Paradiso 27.41).


title: Medway

text: Medway is a unitary authority district and conurbation in Kent, South East England. It had a population of 278,016 in 2019. The unitary authority was formed in 1998 when Rochester-upon-Medway amalgamated with the Borough of Gillingham to form Medway Towns. It is now a unitary authority area run by Medway Council, independent of Kent County Council but still part of the ceremonial county of Kent.


title: Medway

text: Medway is one of the boroughs included in the Thames Gateway development scheme. It is also the home of Universities at Medway, a tri-partite collaboration of the University of Greenwich, the University of Kent and Canterbury Christ Church University on a single campus in Chatham, together with the University for the Creative Arts, which has a campus in Rochester.


title: Medway

text: Because of its strategic location by the major crossing of the River Medway, it has made a wide and significant contribution to Kent, and to England, dating back thousands of years, as evident in the siting of Watling Street by the Romans and by the Norman Rochester Castle, Rochester Cathedral (the second oldest in Britain) and the Chatham naval dockyard and its associated defences.


title: Medway

text: The main towns in the conurbation are (from west to east): Strood, Rochester, Chatham, Gillingham, and Rainham. These are traditionally known as the "Medway Towns". Many other towns and villages such as Frindsbury and Brompton lie within the conurbation. Outside the urban area, the villages retain parish councils. Cuxton, Halling and Wouldham are in the Medway Gap region to the south of Rochester and Strood. Hoo St Werburgh, Cliffe, High Halstow, St Mary Hoo, Allhallows, Stoke and Grain are on the Hoo Peninsula to the north. Frindsbury Extra including Upnor borders Strood.


title: Medway

text: The southern part of the urban area is on the north slope of the North Downs, including the suburbs of Walderslade, Luton, Hempstead and Wigmore.


title: Medway

text: Over half of the unitary authority area is rural in nature. Medway includes parts of the North Kent Marshes, an environmentally significant wetlands region with several Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). Other similar areas of conservation include Ranscombe Farm on chalk grassland and woodland between Strood and Cuxton, with rare woodland flowers and orchids.


title: Medway

text: The Medway area has a long and varied history dominated originally by the city of Rochester and later by the naval and military establishments principally in Chatham and Gillingham.


title: Medway

text: Rochester was established on an Iron Age site by the Romans, who called it Durobrivae (meaning "stronghold by the bridge"), to control the point where Watling Street (now the A2) crossed the River Medway. Rochester later became a walled town and, under later Saxon influence, a mint was established here. The first cathedral was built by Bishop Justus in 604 and rebuilt under the Normans by Bishop Gundulf, who also built the castle that stands opposite the cathedral. Rochester was also an important point for people travelling the Pilgrims' Way, which stretches from Winchester to the shrine of Thomas Becket at Canterbury. The Pilgrims' Way crossed the Medway near Cuxton.


title: Medway

text: In Rochester, parts of the Roman city wall are still in evidence, and the city has many fine buildings, such as the Guildhall (today a museum), which was built in 1687 and is among the finest 17th-century civic buildings in Kent; the Corn Exchange, built in 1698, originally the Butcher's Market; the small Tudor house of Watts Charity endowed by Sir Richard Watts to house "six poor travelers" for one night each; Satis House and Old Hall, both visited by Queen Elizabeth I, built in 1573. In Medway there are 82 scheduled ancient monuments, 832 Listed buildings and 22 conservation areas.


title: Medway

text: The Royal Navy opened an anchorage dockyard in Gillingham (Jillingham Water) during the reign of Henry VIII, in 1567 the Royal Naval Dockyard was established in Medway. Although it is called Chatham dockyard, two-thirds of the dockyard lie within Gillingham. The dockyard was closed in 1984, with the loss of eight thousand jobs at the dockyard itself and many more in local supply industries, contributing to a mid-1980s Medway unemployment rate of sixteen percent. It was protected by a series of forts including Fort Amherst and the Lines, Fort Pitt and Fort Borstal. The majority of surviving buildings in the Historic Dockyard are Georgian. It was here that , Admiral Lord Nelson's flagship at Trafalgar, was built and launched in 1765. Sir Francis Drake learned his seamanship on the Medway; Sir John Hawkins founded a hospital in Chatham for seamen, and Nelson began his Navy service at Chatham at the age of 12. Other notable sea-faring and naval figures, such as William Adams, were raised on the Medway but apprenticed elsewhere. The river was further protected by such fortifications as Upnor Castle which, in 1667 in varying accounts says it was partly successful in thwarting the Dutch raid on the dockyard, or the commanding officer fled without firing on the Dutch.


title: Medway

text: Another warship built at Chatham that still exists is (a 46-gun "Leda" class frigate) laid down in February 1822, and launched 30 March 1824. She never saw active service and has been restored and is (as of 2005) preserved afloat in Dundee, Scotland.


title: Medway

text: On 25 November 1914 the battleship was moored at buoy number 17 at Kethole Reach on the River Medway. She was taking on coal from the airship base at Kingsnorth, on the Isle of Grain when an internal explosion (most likely the result of cordite charges stored alongside a boiler room bulkhead and failure to follow guidelines on the storage of shells) ripped the ship apart. In all, the explosion killed 745 men and 51 officers. Five of the 14 men who survived died later of their wounds, and almost all of the others were seriously wounded. There are mass and individual graves in Woodlands Cemetery in Gillingham for the "Bulwark"s dead, who were mostly drawn from the Portsmouth area. The explosion could be heard from up to at Southend and Whitstable. In terms of loss of life it remains the second worst explosion in British history.


title: Medway

text: Less than six months later there was a second explosion. This time it was the "Princess Irene". She was a 1,500-passenger liner built at Dumbarton in 1914 for Canadian Pacific. Before she could leave Britain she was commandeered for war service and became , and was used as a minelayer. After several trips she was back in the Medway for a refit when on the morning of 27 May 1915 a huge internal explosion tore through the vessel, shaking the ground for miles around and showering the surrounding villages with remains of bodies and debris. 278 died, including 78 workers from nearby towns and villages. In one Sheerness street there were ten who died. A Court of Inquiry was held into the loss and evidence was given that priming of the mines was being carried out hurriedly and by untrained personnel. A faulty primer was blamed for the explosion.


title: Medway

text: The British Army also established barracks here; and the Royal Engineers headquarters is in Gillingham.


title: Medway

text: The Royal Marines also have a long association with Chatham. The Chatham Division was based in Chatham until the closure of Chatham Dockyard. A museum dedicated to the Royal Marines can be found close to the dockyard at the Royal Engineers Museum in Brompton. Founded in 1812, it moved to its current site in 1987. It was classed as Grade II listed on 5 December 1996.


title: Medway

text: After World War II, the Medway conurbation expanded to the south as areas including Walderslade and Wigmore were developed, aided by the construction of the M2 motorway in the 1960s.


title: Medway

text: The population of Medway is projected to increase to around 300,000 by 2028 according to 2013 projections. Medway Council foresees total investment on development to be in excess of £1 billion over a 20-year period from 2006.


title: Medway

text: As of 2019, the towns in order of population (approximate figures) were Gillingham (85,000 – not including Rainham), Chatham (78,000), Strood (40,000), Rochester (30,000 – not including Strood) and Rainham (25,000). The towns as a whole are expected to rise dramatically in residents as increased development and housing prices are considerably less than most of Kent and London, which is 30 miles away.


title: Medway

text: In 2004, Medway Council announced its development strategy for the Medway Waterfront area. The report set out a 20-year framework plan for the redevelopment of up to seven miles (11 km) of waterfront and surrounding areas along the River Medway. The project aims to create between 6,000 and 8,000 new homes and 8,500 jobs, against central government targets of 16,000 new homes and 23,000 new jobs for the Medway area as a whole.


title: Medway

text: Among the transport proposals set forth for consideration were a new bridge linking the Medway City industrial estate to central Chatham; the removal of Chatham's gyratory system along with an associated relocation of the town's bus station; remodelling of Strood's one-way system; and the provision of new cycle lanes and park-and-ride services throughout the area.


title: Medway

text: Chatham's ring road system was subsequently changed into a two-way system in September 2006 with the Sir John Hawkins flyover (pictured right in 2007) being closed before later demolition to make way for a new bus station at the end of 2008. The new bus station opened in October 2011.


title: Medway

text: In Rochester, a 74-acre (30-hectare) area of brownfield land between the river and the railway line is being developed with high-density housing. Up to 50 homes per hectare will be built. The site will also include a primary school, two hotels, business centre, health centre, cafes, restaurants, bars and various commercial units.


title: Medway

text: Numerous developments are proposed for the Chatham area including widening and straightening Union Street, development and improvements to The Brook and new developments at Gun Wharf and Chatham Waterfront. One such development at Chatham Waterfront (the area between Rochester railway station and Chatham Dockyard) is The Quays, a mixed-use development comprising two 20-storey residential towers, designed by WilkinsonEyre architects.


title: Medway

text: A major development in Strood between Medway Valley Park and junction 2 of the M2 motorway, much of the Medway Gate development is inside a large abandoned chalk pit. The area has seen the building of over 400 homes since work began in 2006, including 125 affordable homes.


title: Medway

text: Redevelopment including new homes and a landscaped play area were completed in the 1990s, but there are plans to extend this development further along the river beyond Strood railway station with another 500 to 600 homes to be built, the waterfront developed with new recreational and leisure facilities, and access to the station, town centre and Medway City estate to be improved.


title: Medway

text: This 173-acre (70-hectare) area between the river and Morgan's Timber yard in Strood (formerly a Templar farm) has plans for 600 homes to be built along with 161,458 square feet (15,000 square metres) of commercial space and a new two-hectare (4.9-acre) site for Morgan's Timber.


title: Medway

text: Throughout the 19th century there had been proposals to join the Medway towns under a single authority. By 1903 moves began to take place: that year saw the creation of the Borough of Gillingham, to which, in 1928, the adjoining parish of Rainham was added.


title: Medway

text: In 1944, a Medway Towns Joint Amalgamation Committee was formed by the borough corporations of Chatham, Gillingham and Rochester, to discuss the possibility of the towns forming a single county borough. In 1948 the Local Government Boundary Commission recommended that the area become a "most purposes" county borough, but the recommendation was not carried out. In 1956 the Joint Amalgamation Committee decided in favour of the amalgamation and invited representatives from Strood Rural District Council to join the Committee. In 1960, a proposal was made by Rochester Council that the merger be effected by the city absorbing the two other towns, to safeguard its ancient charters and city status. This led to Gillingham Council voting to leave the committee, as it believed the three towns should go forward as equal partners. On 9 March, the committee held its last meeting, with the Chatham representatives voting to dissolve the body and those from Rochester voting against. The motion to disband was passed on the casting vote of the chairman, Alderman Semple from Chatham.


title: Medway

text: Under the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 the City of Rochester, the Borough of Chatham and part of Strood Rural District were amalgamated to form the Borough of Medway, a local government district in the county of Kent. Gillingham chose to remain separate. Under letters patent the former city council area was to continue to be styled the "City of Rochester" to "perpetuate the ancient name" and to recall "the long history and proud heritage of the said city". The city was unique, as it had no council or charter trustees and no mayor or civic head. In 1979, the Borough of Medway was renamed as Rochester-upon-Medway, and in 1982 further letters patent transferred the city status to the entire borough.


title: Medway

text: On 1 April 1998, the existing local government districts of Rochester-upon-Medway and Gillingham were abolished under the local government review and merged to become the new unitary authority of Medway, administratively independent from Kent County Council; though, Medway is still within the Kent ceremonial county and Lieutenancy Area, as this has not been amended.


title: Medway

text: Since it was the local government district of Rochester-upon-Medway that officially held city status under the 1982 letters patent, when it was abolished, it also ceased to be a city. The other local government districts with city status that were abolished around this time (Bath and Hereford) appointed charter trustees to maintain the existence of the city and the mayoralty. However, Rochester-upon-Medway City Council had decided not to and as a result their city status was rescinded. Medway Council apparently only became aware of this when they discovered that Rochester was not on the Lord Chancellor's Office's list of cities. Medway applied for city status in the 2000 and 2002 competitions, but was unsuccessful. In 2010, it started to refer to the "City of Medway" in promotional material, but it was rebuked and instructed not to do so in future by the Advertising Standards Authority. Medway Council made a further bid for city status in 2012, when three cities were afforded the honour as part of The Queen's Diamond Jubilee civic honours competition. Ultimately Medway was unsuccessful with the eventual winners being Chelmsford (Essex), Perth (Perthshire), and St Asaph (Denbighshire).


title: Medway

text: The council comprises 55 councillors representing different wards. The party political breakdown of the council following the 2019 local elections is:


title: Medway

text: Since the election, one Conservative councillor was expelled from the group and now sits as an Independent Conservative.


title: Medway

text: Parts of the unitary authority are parished, chiefly the rural areas. There are currently 11 parishes;


title: Medway

text: Medway operates a two-tier education system, with academic selection for admission to secondary schools determined by the Eleven plus exam. There are a number of grammar schools located in the area, the other secondary schools in Medway being non-selective (apart from one faith schools and the school on the peninsula). There are also a number of independent schools operating in the area. Medway is also home to the third largest Home School population of children in the UK after the Isles of Scilly and Isle of Wight.


title: Medway

text: This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Medway at current basic prices published (pp. 240–253) by "Office for National Statistics" with figures in millions of pounds Sterling.


title: Medway

text: Medway's cultural strategy is run by Creative Medway, a sector-led organisation drawing together business, cultural sector organisations and freelancers.


title: Medway

text: There are five theatres in Medway, two run by the council and three independent. The council theatres are the Central Theatre (966 seats hosting a variety of tribute acts) and the Brook Theatre in the Old town hall (400 seats hosting a variety of shows). The independent theatres are Medway Little Theatre (96 seats), The Oasthouse Theatre and Kings Theatre (110 seats).


title: Medway

text: Watling Street (the A2), the Roman road between the Port of Dover on the English Channel and London, runs through Medway. This route became particularly congested and led to the building of the M2 to bypass the Medway Towns to the south in the 1960s and was subsequently widened extensively at the turn of the 21st century. The A2 through the Medway Towns varies from single carriageway to dual carriageway to "one way" systems. In places it deviates from the original route of Watling Street.


title: Medway

text: The A2 leaves the main route (which bypasses Medway by either the Northern Relief Road — The A289 or the M2) at the Three Crutches junction. The road descends through Strood towards the river. During the descent, the road to Gravesend, the A226 joins. In Strood the High Street is bypassed by the one-way system to the north and south encircling the High Street. The A2 crosses the Medway via two bridges in a dual carriageway (see Rochester Bridge). One bridge is Victorian and in the position of the original Roman bridge. The second bridge is more recent and build upon the piers of the original London, Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR) main line railway bridge (the Chatham Main Line uses the South Eastern Railway's branch line's bridge).


title: Medway

text: In Rochester the High street is bypassed to the north by the dualled Corporation Street. The A2 then crosses the high street, climbs Star Hill and follows New road by Fort Pitt / Jackson's Field to bypass Chatham to the south (by the Station, via a flyover known as New Cut). As it approaches Luton it is a dual carriageway for a short stretch, where a major junction lies with the railway (Chatham Main line) passes overhead — this is known as Luton Arches. It then climbs Chatham Hill (to Gillingham) now has a separate bus lane. The A2 / Watling street traditionally bypasses central Gillingham which lies to the North. From the main road to Gillingham (Canterbury Street), the A2 is dual carriageway. Here the Northern Relief Road (A289) rejoins at the Will Adams roundabout. This is swiftly followed by the Bowater roundabout where the A278 Hoath Way leads to the M2 to the South, this is so named and distinctive because of the former paper mill Bowaters at this location that left a giant water tower. A large Tesco supermarket currently inhabits the site. As the road progresses into Rainham it becomes single carriageway again.


title: Medway

text: Connecting Medway with neighbouring Gravesend is the A226. The leaves the A2 on the hill above Strood. It is a single carriageway A road.


title: Medway

text: The A228 runs along the west bank of the Medway, through Strood. Intersecting the M2 at its second junction, crossing the A2 through the centre of Strood and meeting (and encompassing for a short stretch) the Northern Relief Road (A289). The road then carries on to the Isle of Grain. Throughout its passage through Strood it is single carriageway, but the stretches to the North are dualled partially toward Grain. The road to Grain was an accident black spot, this and increased traffic from the major port of Thamesport which is located to the north-west along the Medway Estuary prompted the construction of a new dual carriageway. The A228 Main Road to Ropers Lane project was provisionally approved by the government in December 2001. Design work started in March 2000 and in February 2004, contractors got under way with moving services such as water, gas and fuel pipes. This work was vital, as the pipes actually supply the Hoo Peninsula and the power station at Grain. The largest water main that was moved was 24 inches (610 mm) in diameter and the largest gas main 36 inches (914 mm). The road cost £19 million and is approximately 2.5 miles (4 km) long.


title: Medway

text: The A229 starts from the A2 at the junction at the top of Star Hill alongside Jackson's Field / Fort Pitt, it follows City Way to the South where at Fort Horstead / Rochester Airport / Mid Kent College it meets the branch from Chatham (the A230 which starts at Chatham Station / New Cut). From here it continues south, becoming dual carriageway and meeting the M2 at its third junction, which also provides access with Walderslade. This road then proceeds down Blue Bell Hill (from the summit of the North Downs) to the county town of Maidstone and the M20.


title: Medway

text: The A278 Hoath Way links the A2 at Gillingham to its southern suburbs (Hempstead, Wigmore and Parkwood) to the M2's fourth junction. It is dual carriageway throughout.


title: Medway

text: The A289 was built in the 1990s as the Medway Towns Northern Relief Road. Constructed in three stages, firstly it bypasses Strood with a dual carriageway from Three Crutches (M2 J1) to the A226 and the A228 (The Wainscott Northern Bypass). It then joins the A228 (as The Wainscott Eastern Bypass) — these two parts are dualled. A dualled link road leads to the Medway Tunnel to the Chatham Dockyard. Here it meets Dock Road (A231) that leads to Chatham. The A289 continues between northern Gillingham and the river, and then turns southwards through Gillingham Golf Course to rejoin the A2 at the Will Adams roundabout.


title: Medway

text: The A2045 is the A289's counterpart, however it is largely unbuilt. The Medway Towns Southern Relief Road was proposed to link the (then) new developments to the south of Chatham (Walderslade) and Gillingham (Hempstead, Wigmore and Parkwood) with M2's J3 and the A229 to the east and the M2's J4 and A278 in the west. A single carriageway road was built south of Walderslade to access the Walderslade Woods and Lordswood developments. At the other end a small section was built to access the Hempstead development and its shopping centre. However, the key middle stretch was left unbuilt, a link road to central Chatham via Luton, the B2156 North Dane Way was also left incomplete with no road to link to. The removal of Medway from Kent (which the incomplete section would lay in) and the recent widening of M2 leaves the proposed project with little chance of completion in the foreseeable future.


title: Medway

text: The vast majority of local bus routes throughout Medway are centred upon the newly opened Waterfront bus station (replacing Pentagon bus station) in Chatham.


title: Medway

text: Most bus routes are run by Arriva Southern Counties, which took over the locally owned Maidstone & District bus company in the 1990s. Other local bus companies including Nu-Venture provide certain services, some under contract to the local authority.


title: Medway

text: Buses are numbered between 100 and 199 for local services, with buses numbered in the 700s to show Kent County Council subsidised services including those to Walderslade and Bluewater Shopping Centre, and in the 600s for school bus services.


title: Medway

text: Bus links to London and other parts of the south east can be accessed via Bluewater Shopping Centre, near Greenhithe, which has extensive bus routes to London.


title: Medway

text: Commuter coaches run from various parts of Medway to a selection of London destinations using the M2/A2. Operating companies include The Kings Ferry and Chalkwell Coaches.


title: Medway

text: National Express runs regular services from Hempstead Valley Shopping Centre, Chatham Waterfront bus station, and Chatham Maritime Universities to Gatwick Airport.


title: Medway

text: The owners of the Thames and Medway Canal tunnel that linked Medway (specifically Strood) with Gravesend turned half their canal into a railway bringing the first rails to Medway. They were soon absorbed by the South Eastern Railway whose North Kent line linked Strood with Gravesend, Dartford, and then London Bridge. Subsequently, SER extended their branch from their main line to Maidstone to Strood — the Medway Valley line. Stations were built on the Medway Valley line for the villages of Cuxton and Halling.


title: Medway

text: A rival company, the London, Chatham and Dover Railway, built a railway between Chatham and East Kent. Unable to secure a connection and running rights over the SER's North Kent line they built their own main line to Bromley where they connected with the West End of London & Crystal Palace Railway to gain access to London Victoria. This railway became known as the Chatham Main Line. It had stations at which was actually in Strood, Chatham and New Brompton which was renamed Gillingham. The line was extended through Rainham to the Kent Coast (Thanet and Dover).


title: Medway

text: In reaction to this strong rival the SER built a small branch alongside the LCDR over the Medway on a parallel bridge to a station in Rochester and a terminus called which was actually just outside Chatham.


title: Medway

text: The strenuous competition between the two companies resulted in their merger into the South Eastern and Chatham Railway in 1899. Subsequent rationalisation saw the closure of the LCDR's station in Strood and the SER's branch to Rochester and Chatham (although the bridge was retained and is used to this day).


title: Medway

text: Post World War I saw the big four grouping and the SECR was merged into Southern in 1923. This led to electrification of suburban services (750 V DC third rail) which by World War II had seen electric traction reach Gillingham on the Chatham Main Line and Maidstone West (via Strood and the North Kent Line) on the Medway Valley line.


title: Medway

text: Post war (1948) saw nationalisation into British Rail, which under its 1955 modernisation part saw the completion of Southern's electrification efforts in Kent as a key target. Thus Rainham was reached as part of this programme. It also saw the extension of platforms on the Chatham Main Line to 12 cars, leading to the closure of two of Chatham's four platforms. Rochester retained four platforms, while Strood and Gillingham kept three. Rainham had only two platforms until 2017 when an additional bay was created to facilitate new trains on through services to destinations north of London. These are scheduled to commence in May 2018. In December 2015, a new Rochester station opened replacing the original one. It has three platforms and can handle 12-car trains.


title: Medway

text: Extensive goods yards existed at Strood, Rochester and Gillingham. Strood had engine sheds, while Gillingham still has carriage depots. A freight branch to Chatham Dockyard also exists. The network within the dockyard has been extensively curtailed since the dockyards closure.


title: Medway

text: Rail services generally consist of North Kent Line services (to London Bridge and beyond — Charing Cross and Cannon Street) starting from Gillingham. The Medway Valley line receives a shuttle service up and down terminating at Strood for transfers to the North Kent Line, although some services run through to Tonbridge and even Gatwick. The main services are on the Chatham Main line, with stopper services from Faversham (i.e. they stop at local stations, running fast from Bromley) and fast services from Kent Coast (i.e. they run fast from Medway to London). Services are currently operated by Southeastern.


title: Medway

text: The High Speed 1 line passes through the Medway Towns area, running parallel to the M2/A2 Trunk road. The completion of High Speed 1 has seen domestic services operating on the line, which includes a stopping service starting at Faversham running to Strood and Gravesend before joining the High Speed line at Ebbsfleet. From there it travels at high speed to Stratford International and St Pancras International, where connections can now be made with mainline trains to the north of England. The rail service is extensively used by the residents of Medway to commute into London.


title: Medway

text: Although it is extensively used for leisure, the River Medway is not used for local transport purposes; however, cargo ships operated by Union Transport of Bromley still sail to the cement works to the south at Halling/Cuxton. Part of the closed Royal Navy base is now used as a cargo port and has Ro/Ro facilities; cargo that comes in ranges from paper pulp to dredged material, but this traffic only uses one of the three main basins. There is also a ship repair facility located in the basin. Thamesport, which is located on the edge of the Medway Estuary on the Isle of Grain, handles the shipping of containers and fossil fuels. Kingsnorth Power Station has coal shipped in from Dunkirk. Scotline also operates a fleet of coasters for the import of wood, and has a wharf on the River Medway. There is also a wharf on the river called Eurowharf, which deals with dredged material. In addition, there was a shipping company based on the river, formerly known as Lapthorn Shipping but then as Coastal Bulk Shipping, but it ceased trading at the end of 2008.


title: Medway

text: There are two small airports. The first, Rochester Airport, is a "grass strip" used for leisure purposes. Stoke Airfield near Grain is used by microlights and light aircraft. For scheduled air travel, Medway residents can use Kent's Lydd Airport (or Manston Airport until its 2014 closure), but these lack extensive passenger facilities or routes; thus, the main London airports are used instead in most cases.


title: Keon Johnson (basketball, born 2002)

text: Christopher Keon Johnson is an American professional basketball player for the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Tennessee Volunteers.


title: Keon Johnson (basketball, born 2002)

text: Two months before beginning high school, Johnson suffered open fractures in four of his fingers, was thrown about 10 feet and lost consciousness in a fireworks accident. He underwent surgery to repair blood vessels in his hand and avoid amputation, and he underwent eight weeks of intensive physical therapy.


title: Keon Johnson (basketball, born 2002)

text: Johnson played high school basketball for The Webb School in Bell Buckle, Tennessee. In his sophomore season, he averaged 25.6 points, 10.2 rebounds, and 4.1 assists per game, earning Division II-A Tennessee Mr. Basketball honors. As a junior, Johnson averaged 25.3 points, 9.4 rebounds and 3.7 assists per game, leading his team to the Division II-A state semifinals. He repeated as Division II-A Tennessee Mr. Basketball. Early in his senior season, Johnson suffered a season-ending meniscus injury. In four games, he averaged 30.5 points with 10.5 rebounds and 5.8 assists per game.


title: Keon Johnson (basketball, born 2002)

text: On August 6, 2019, Johnson committed to play college basketball for Tennessee over offers from Ohio State and Virginia, among others. By the end of his high school career, Johnson was rated by major recruiting services as a consensus five-star recruit and the highest ranked player in Tennessee in the 2020 class. He became the first top-ranked in-state prospect to commit to Tennessee since Robert Hubbs III in 2013.


title: Keon Johnson (basketball, born 2002)

text: On February 6, 2021, Johnson scored a career-high 27 points in an 82–71 win over Kentucky. As a freshman, he averaged 11.3 points, 3.5 rebounds and 2.5 assists per game, and was named to the Southeastern Conference (SEC) All-Freshman Team. On April 7, 2021, Johnson declared for the 2021 NBA draft, forgoing his college eligibility. At the NBA Draft Combine, he recorded the highest maximum vertical leap in combine history, at 48 inches.


title: Keon Johnson (basketball, born 2002)

text: Johnson was selected with the 21st pick in the 2021 NBA draft by the New York Knicks and was traded to the Los Angeles Clippers. In his rookie year, Johnson played in only 15 games for the Clippers.


title: Keon Johnson (basketball, born 2002)

text: On February 4, 2022, Johnson was traded, alongside Eric Bledsoe, Justise Winslow, and a 2025 second-round pick, to the Portland Trail Blazers in exchange for Norman Powell and Robert Covington.


title: Keon Johnson (basketball, born 2002)

text: Johnson's mother, Conswella Sparrow Johnson, was a two-time Class AAA Tennessee Miss Basketball winner in high school and played college basketball for Auburn, where she was a two-time All-Southeastern Conference selection.


title: Arx Fatalis

text: Arx Fatalis is an action role-playing video game developed by Arkane Studios and released for Microsoft Windows in 2002 and Xbox in 2003. The game is played from a first-person perspective and is set on a world whose sun has failed, forcing the above-ground creatures to take refuge in caverns. The game's mechanics include the use of mouse gestures to cast spells. "Arx Fatalis" received mostly positive reviews from critics but was not commercially successful.


title: Arx Fatalis

text: On 14 January 2011, Arkane Studios released a 1.21 patch and the game's source code under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL), though the game assets remain proprietary.


title: Arx Fatalis

text: "Arx Fatalis" (Latin for "fatal fortress") is set on a world whose sun has failed, forcing the above-ground creatures to take refuge in caverns. The action in "Arx Fatalis" takes place in one of these large caves, where the members of various races, such as Trolls, Goblins, Dwarves, Humans, etc., have made their homes on various levels of the cave. The player awakens inside a prison cell and, after making his escape, eventually discovers his mission is to subvert and imprison the God of Destruction, Akbaa, who is trying to manifest itself in Arx.


title: Arx Fatalis

text: "Arx Fatalis" features somewhat open-ended gameplay, allowing the player to allocate skill points for their character type in skills such as spellcasting, weapons and armour, stealth, and so on. There are several side quests that can be undertaken. A simple crafting system involves enchanting ammunition and weapons, or creating items, such as a fishing rod (fishing pole and rope), keyrings (key and ring), or pies (dough and rolling pin, optional apple and optional bottle of wine). Raw food can be cooked, like rounds of bread, chicken drumsticks, or pies. The main plot line is non-linear with the player collecting the various items to forge a sword required to defeat Akbaa in a final showdown. Additional goals come up such as dealing with the rebels of Arx, the snake women and The King of Arx. The player can resolve the conflict between them all and experience several different endings to the conflict with different consequences somewhat affecting the story.


title: Arx Fatalis

text: There is no dialogue system in "Arx Fatalis". Rather, the player makes choices through actions which lead to different consequences. There are also multiple ways to finish quests and the player can progress through the game in several different ways. For example, the player can use force to kill enemies and break down doors, or they can use stealth and avoid enemies.


title: Arx Fatalis

text: One of the intuitive interfaces in "Arx Fatalis" is the spellcasting system. Using the mouse and the control key, runes are drawn in mid-air with mouse gestures, which must be correctly drawn in order to successfully cast a spell. The player can find or buy different runes as gameplay progresses, combinations of which unlock new spells.


title: Arx Fatalis

text: This gestural interface was simplified in the Xbox version to account for the limitations of the joypad. Each direction of the directional pad corresponds to a different mouse direction and different combinations of directions are entered with the directional pad to draw runes and correspondingly cast spells. A queue of up to three spells can be cast in advance, ready to be activated at the press of a button. There is also an instant magic mode that allows the player to simply select the desired spell they want to cast from a list of learned spells during gameplay.


title: Arx Fatalis

text: In addition, "Arx Fatalis" supports a stealth mode that is active when a stealth icon is visible on the interface. In stealth mode, usually when a player is in dark or shadowy areas, non-player characters cannot see them.


title: Arx Fatalis

text: The design of "Arx Fatalis" was influenced by games from the now-defunct Looking Glass Studios, especially "Ultima Underworld". Arkane Studios have stated that "Arx Fatalis" was intended to be "Ultima Underworld III"; however, while Raphaël Colantonio had support from Paul Neurath, one of the original developers of "Ultima Underworld", Electronic Arts, who owned the rights, would not allow Arkane to make a sequel with their intellectual property unless he accepted some of their provisions. Colantonio refused to accept this and instead had Arkane set out on the game in the spirit of "Ultima Underworld". Colantonio had difficulty in getting a publisher; with finances nearly exhausted, they had signed one small publisher who had gone bankrupt within the month, but later secured JoWooD Productions for publication, eventually releasing in 2002.


title: Arx Fatalis

text: "Arx Fatalis" was released for Microsoft Windows in 2002 and for the Xbox in 2003. In April 2007, "Arx Fatalis" was released on the digital distribution platform Steam, followed by GOG.com in December 2008.


title: Arx Fatalis

text: On 14 January 2011, Arkane Studios released a 1.21 patch and the game's source code under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). Based upon this source code, the "Arx Libertatis" project was formed to fix bugs and incompatibilities, and to port the game to operating systems such as Linux, FreeBSD and the OpenPandora handheld. the most recent "Arx Libertatis" release is version 1.2.


title: Arx Fatalis

text: While the game was well received, it was considered a commercial failure. The PC version of "Arx Fatalis" received "generally favourable reviews", while the Xbox version received "average" reviews, according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.


title: Arx Fatalis

text: "Arx Fatalis" was released after the more successful fantasy role-playing games "" and "Neverwinter Nights", with reviewers stating that although it is not as open as "Morrowind", it will appeal to fans that like dungeon-crawler RPGs, paying homage to games like "Ultima: Underworld".


title: Arx Fatalis

text: GameSpot's Greg Kasavin was pleased with the experience that the PC version offered, stating that ""Arx Fatalis" is entertaining and great looking, and it should especially appeal to fans of other atmospheric first-person games, including "", "System Shock 2", and "Deus Ex", let alone this year's "Morrowind". Though marred by some technical issues (many of which have already been addressed by patches) and at times confusing to navigate in, "Arx Fatalis" nevertheless delivers a memorable, original role-playing experience", and IGN's Dan Adams enjoyed the same PC version, stating that "The atmosphere, spell system, puzzles, voices, and story were good and interesting enough to give me a pretty enjoyable experience."


title: Arx Fatalis

text: "Arx Fatalis" was nominated as 2002's best computer role-playing game by "Computer Gaming World", GameSpot and the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences. It was also a runner-up for RPG Vault's "Surprise of the Year" and "Debut Game of the Year" awards, and for GameSpot's "Best Sound" and the Game Developers Choice Awards' "Rookie Studio of the Year" prizes. It won RPG Vault's award for sound design that year. The editors of "Computer Gaming World" wrote that "Arx Fatalis" "has hands-down the most annoying interface of the year, but fortunately, it also sports sharp graphics [...] and a great story".


title: Arx Fatalis

text: "Arx Fatalis" critical praise gave Arkane the opportunity to work with Valve to develop a new title on their Source engine, and Colantonio opted to make a sequel, "Arx Fatalis 2". However, the poor sales of the first game made it difficult to find a publisher. Arkane was eventually approached by Ubisoft and asked to apply the "Arx Fatalis" game engine to their "Might and Magic". This became "Dark Messiah of Might and Magic", released in October 2006. It refined the first-person melee combat of "Arx Fatalis" with a lesser emphasis on role-playing elements. During this time, Colantonio moved from France to Austin, Texas, leaving the main studio in the hands of his colleagues while he set up Arkane Austin in June 2006. Colantonio left the studio in 2017 to concentrate on smaller projects.


title: Arx Fatalis

text: To celebrate Arkane Studios' 20th anniversary, the game was made available for free on PC from 28–31 May 2020.


title: SRT Tomahawk

text: The SRT Tomahawk Vision Gran Turismo is a fictional concept car created by Street & Racing Technology, a sub-division of Stellantis North America (formerly Fiat Chrysler Automobiles). It was developed as part of the "Vision Gran Turismo" project, where real-life automakers partner with video game developer Polyphony Digital to create car models for their "Gran Turismo" driving simulation series. The vehicle was released as downloadable content for "Gran Turismo 6" in 2015. While the car's advanced design makes it impossible to functionally create with 2015 technology, the company has discussed creating it a few decades in the future, when technology has caught up with the car's design.


title: SRT Tomahawk

text: In "Gran Turismo Sport", all of the Tomahawks are sold under the Dodge name to acknowledge the fact that SRT was absorbed back into Stellantis North America's Dodge brand.


title: SRT Tomahawk

text: The SRT Tomahawk was teased in late May 2015, and fully revealed a week later in June 2015. A concept car developed by Stellantis, the vehicle was created digitally for the video game "Gran Turismo 6". A small-scale physical model of the vehicle's "S" model was created. The vehicle was designed more as a conceptual "preview of what supercars could look like in 20 years", with the vehicle's makeup deemed impossible with 2015 technology (but it was estimated that technology could advance to the point of plausibility closer to the year 2035). The car's design was so exaggerated compared to current automobiles that even the "Gran Turismo 6" physics engine needed to be reworked to allow the car to function in the in-game world.


title: SRT Tomahawk

text: Three models of the vehicle were created: the Tomahawk S, the Tomahawk GTS-R, and the Tomahawk X (the original version). The three variants were created because the game designers felt that even in the game the car was too overpowered and difficult to control, leading the team to create the two weaker, more accessible variants. Additionally, it was purported that were the car ever developed in real life, a G-suit would be necessary to withstand acceleration forces (unless using the comparatively lower-powered S variant).


title: SRT Tomahawk

text: The Tomahawk S was featured in June 2016 as a scale model in Polyphony Digital's "Gran Turismo Sport" unveiling event in the Copper Box Arena along with nine other full-size and scaled replicas of Vision GT vehicles.


title: SRT Tomahawk

text: The Tomahawk is powered by a 6980 cc naturally aspirated 144-degree DOHC V10 engine, capable of producing up to . This output varies between the three models in the Tomahawk series. There is a regenerative pneumatic hybrid system with a high storage capacity that stores compressed air in composite tanks, and when used, the compressed air becomes a drive force. As with the engine, the pneumatic power output differs between the three models. The engine delivers power to the rear wheels via a 7-speed paddle-shifted dual-clutch transmission, and the pneumatic hybrid system delivers power to the front wheels using a direct drive mechanism. Together, the two systems make the car all-wheel-drive.


title: SRT Tomahawk

text: All three models are equipped with a 100-litre fuel tank and carbon matrix disc brakes. Five exhaust pipes deliver a large amount of exhaust gases out of the car in a blown diffuser configuration. The body is shaped with a continuous flow to decrease the coefficient of drag. It also uses a graphene lattice, a form of carbon purported to be stronger than steel and lighter than carbon fibre. The chassis includes a structural spine that extends throughout the car, most likely to steady the chassis in high speed. The light clusters, both front and rear, consist of plasma lights.


title: SRT Tomahawk

text: The Tomahawk S (labeled the Tomahawk Street in Brand Central of "Gran Turismo Sport") is the entry-level variant that has all the capabilities of the concept itself in a street-legal form. The "S" in the name means "Street". The 7.0L V10 is set to and of torque. Along with the pneumatic system, which in this case produces another , the total amount is set at . Since the vehicle is meant to be street-legal, the weight is set at , low enough to give the car a total power-to-weight ratio of 1,092 horsepower per ton. All of the power is sent to the rear wheels, and the pneumatic system drives the front wheels, therefore making it an all-wheel-drive car. The vehicle is also equipped with active aerodynamics located at the front splitter and an integrated rear spoiler.


title: SRT Tomahawk

text: The Tomahawk GTS-R (labelled the Tomahawk Racing in Brand Central of "Gran Turismo Sport") is a concept racing version based on the S variant, built to withstand extreme g-forces when cornering and produce very quick lap times. The V10 engine is now set at and of torque, which, along with the pneumatic system (now set at 313 horsepower), results in a total of . Weight has also been drastically reduced to , which means the power-to-weight ratio is now 2,185 horsepower per ton. As mentioned before, the vehicle is built to withstand extreme g-forces, which means downforce has been extensively upgraded for racing. The integrated spoiler now lifts, and a second element extends from underneath the spoiler as an airbrake. Other than that, the rest of the design stays the same.


title: SRT Tomahawk

text: The Tomahawk Group 1 (labelled the Tomahawk Gr. 1 in Brand Central of "Gran Turismo Sport") is the prototype racing version of the Tomahawk, and also the alternate to the GTS-R, built to compete along with other LMP1 prototypes. "Group 1" is the second-highest racing level of the "Gran Turismo Sport" game, and is the class belonging to sports prototypes and high-end Vision Gran Turismo race cars, and is the reason why this Tomahawk uses the name. The V10 engine is reduced to . The weight is the heaviest out of all Tomahawk models, at , therefore setting the power-to-weight ratio to 729 horsepower per ton (despite the lack of a pneumatic drive system).


title: SRT Tomahawk

text: The Group 1 Tomahawk's aerodynamic body kit is reminiscent of modern Le Mans prototypes, with a multi-element fixed wing, dive planes, and a vertical stabilizer, although the GTS-R's body shape has been carried over. The Group 1 is also the only rear-wheel-drive car of the series, to meet modern prototype regulations.


title: SRT Tomahawk

text: The Tomahawk X (labelled the Tomahawk Technology in Brand Central of "Gran Turismo Sport") is the extreme version of the Tomahawk, built solely to push boundaries and cross thresholds. The "X" in the name means "Experimental". The V10 engine is set at and of torque. Combined with the pneumatic system, set at 422 horsepower, the X's total output is . The weight has increased from the GTS-R at , mostly due to the fact the car has extra aerodynamic parts. With all of these specifications, this gives for an extreme power-to-weight ratio of 3,452 horsepower per ton.


title: SRT Tomahawk

text: As mentioned before, the vehicle's body now has nine control surfaces, including four panels located above the wheels, two "rudder" panels aft of the rear wheels, and the dual-element rear wing as seen in the GTS-R.


title: SRT Tomahawk

text: In "Top Gear"'s overview of the car, editor Vijay Pattni stated that the prospect of such a car was a "lofty claim" of what technology would ever be like in 20 years, and that its impracticality would "test the limits of human physiology". Similarly, Chris Perkins of Mashable felt that such a vehicle was unlikely to ever materialize, but still found the hypothetical idea enjoyable to explore. AutoWeek concurred that one would have to "suspend their disbelief" when reviewing the car's parameters, noting that such a car would require "an infinite budget" and that "It’s more fun to pretend that the SRT Tomahawk is real. Or that it could be real." They also noted that the car did not perform particularly well in "Gran Turismo 6"'s virtual world either, with its specs making it difficult to handle.


title: The Ghost Inside (band)

text: The Ghost Inside, formerly known as A Dying Dream, is an American metalcore band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 2004. The band currently consists of vocalist Jonathan Vigil, guitarists Zach Johnson and Chris Davis, bassist Jim Riley and drummer Andrew Tkaczyk. They have released one EP and five studio albums, with their latest, "The Ghost Inside", released on June 5, 2020 via Epitaph Records as a return from their hiatus.


title: The Ghost Inside (band)

text: As A Dying Dream, they released an EP, "Now or Never" on Frontline Records. A year later, they signed to Mediaskare Records, where they re-recorded and re-released the EP with an additional track and bonus live footage. The release contained early versions of their debut album that followed. Not long after, they changed their name to the Ghost Inside, and released a full-length studio album entitled "Fury and the Fallen Ones".


title: The Ghost Inside (band)

text: On February 24, 2011, it was announced that KC Stockbridge and the Ghost Inside mutually parted ways and that Andrew Tkaczyk, formerly the drummer and main songwriter in For the Fallen Dreams, had been filling in on drums. As of January 10, 2012, the band has been signed to Epitaph Records.


title: The Ghost Inside (band)

text: Their first release for Epitaph Records "Get What You Give", which was produced by A Day to Remember's vocalist Jeremy McKinnon was released on June 19, 2012 and debuted at No. 88 on the "Billboard" 200. The band toured the world in support of the album in 2013.


title: The Ghost Inside (band)

text: On September 8, 2014, the band released a new song "Avalanche". And on September 16, 2014 Spotify leaked details of their new album "Dear Youth", which was later released on November 17, 2014 via Epitaph Records and debuted at No 63. on the "Billboard" 200.


title: The Ghost Inside (band)

text: On January 9, 2015, the Ghost Inside posted on their Facebook page that they are parting ways with founding member and lead guitarist Aaron Brooks, leaving Jonathan Vigil as the last original member in the current lineup.


title: The Ghost Inside (band)

text: On the morning of November 19, 2015, the band's tour bus collided head on with a tractor trailer while headed west to Mesa, Arizona on U.S. Highway 180, eight miles east of the border patrol checkpoint outside of El Paso, Texas. The drivers of both vehicles died, while the remaining ten people on the bus survived. Jonathan Vigil, Zach Johnson, Andrew Tkaczyk and two others were hospitalized in critical condition. On January 13, 2016, Vigil posted his first update via Instagram since the accident, where he stated his injuries and his gratefulness "to be alive". The next day, Tkaczyk confirmed via his Instagram account that the accident had resulted in him losing one of his legs following an initial ten-day coma.


title: The Ghost Inside (band)

text: On March 22, 2016, during the livestream of the Warped Tour band announcement of that year, it was announced that the Ghost Inside would play Warped Tour 2017. An announcement that far in advance was unprecedented. They were the first band announced for the tour. On March 23, 2016, Chris Davis, formerly of Texas in July, was announced as an official member after touring with the band since 2015. On February 10, 2017, Vigil announced that the band would be unable to perform on Warped Tour 2017. Warped Tour announced they would continue to hold their spot for the band until they were well enough to play, even though the Warped Tour's full cross-country format was retired the following year.


title: The Ghost Inside (band)

text: On April 17, 2018, the band held their first practice since the accident. On April 30, 2018, the band confirmed and assured their fans with a statement in which they said "Yes, there is a future."


title: The Ghost Inside (band)

text: On January 21, 2019, the band shared a photo of them in studio on Twitter after a fan asked if they were working on new music, indicating they had something in the works in front of them. On February 22, they announced a return show for July 13, 2019, at The Shrine in Los Angeles.


title: The Ghost Inside (band)

text: The show at The Shrine sold out in 4 minutes according to vocalist Jonathan Vigil. The show successfully took place on July 13, outside the venue with a festival-style stage rather than in the expo hall itself. During the show, Vigil said he was not sure if that would be the Ghost Inside's last show ever or if they would play "a hundred more," but he did announce that the band was working on new music.


title: The Ghost Inside (band)

text: In a video update on August 27, 2019, the band stated that they plan to perform some one-off shows at some point in 2020 but stressed that they are "not going on tour."


title: The Ghost Inside (band)

text: On January 11, 2020 the band played their second comeback show at UNIFY Gathering in Australia where they alluded they would come back to Australia in 2021, but nothing was confirmed yet.


title: The Ghost Inside (band)

text: On April 22, 2020 the band released a new single, "Aftermath", and announced their self titled album set for release on June 5, 2020.


title: The Ghost Inside (band)

text: On June 6, 2020, the Ghost Inside announced they had parted ways with longtime bassist Jim Riley following an alleged racial comment made by Riley in 2015, which Jim had opened up about the day before. In an interview that September, however, the band reflected that this was the "wrong call" and regretted firing Riley. By November 2020, Riley had been reinstated per the band's official Instagram page.


title: The Ghost Inside (band)

text: In 2021, as the COVID-19 pandemic began to lessen, the band returned to the stage once again in Worcester, Massachusetts on August 28. This would be the first time any of the songs off their self-titled record would be performed. They also planned to perform at the Blue Ridge Rock Festival in Virginia and Riot Fest in Chicago following their date at the Palladium. The band is due to return to So What?! Music Festival in Dallas, TX on Memorial Day Weekend 2022 and then the UK and Europe for shows in the Summer of 2022.


title: The Ghost Inside (band)

text: The Ghost Inside's music has been classified as metalcore and "melodic, emotional hardcore". They have self-identified as melodic hardcore, for example on their Facebook page. However, former bassist and backing vocalist Jim Riley stated in a 2013 interview that "to [him] the band is a metalcore band" and that they're "similar to Unearth or As I Lay Dying or something like that, with a little bit less guitar solos and a little bit less singing". He said that they are influenced by "an older generation of bands" such as Throwdown, Bury Your Dead (especially "Beauty and the Breakdown"), Misery Signals, Killswitch Engage, Unearth (especially "The Oncoming Storm") and Bleeding Through, some of which he considers "seminal to what metalcore is", as well as modern music that isn't necessarily heavy (such as pop punk), and that he himself listens "to a lot of emo". In a 2009 interview, vocalist Jonathan Vigil stated that he grew up listening to punk rock bands such as NOFX and Less Than Jake before getting into heavier bands such as Hatebreed and Slipknot, while guitarist Aaron Brooks said that he listened to bands like Bad Religion before getting into Poison the Well, that one of his favorite bands currently are Comeback Kid and that he also appreciates Hatebreed. This musical background was further confirmed when Zach Johnson listed NOFX's "Punk in Drublic", Strung Out's "Suburban Teenage Wasteland Blues" and AFI's "Black Sails in the Sunset" as his favorite three albums.


title: The Ghost Inside (band)

text: Riley stated that when writing a song, the band usually puts the instrumentation together first, before vocalist Jonathan Vigil and guitarist Aaron Brooks write lyrics for it. He also noted that the decision to use clean vocals in some songs of "Get What You Give", such as "Engine 45", came from the band and wasn't forced by producer Jeremy McKinnon.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: Armand de Brignac, known colloquially as Ace of Spades, is a French Champagne owned by Shawn "Jay-Z" Carter and LVMH. The brand is produced by Champagne Cattier and sold in opaque metallic bottles. The brand's first bottling, Armand de Brignac Brut Gold, is identifiable by its gold bottle with French pewter Ace of Spades labels.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: The Armand de Brignac champagnes are produced in a multi-vintage style, and the Brut Gold cuvée is a blend of the grape varieties Pinot Noir, Pinot Meunier, and Chardonnay. Two other cuvées, a Rosé and a Blanc de Blancs (100% Chardonnay), were released in 2008. In 2015, a Demi Sec and a Blanc de Noirs (100% Pinot Noir) also joined the range.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: At the turn of the twenty-first century, the Cattier family began to set aside parcels of reserve wines for a new ultra prestige Champagne project. The first bottles of Armand de Brignac Brut Gold left the cellars in France in 2006.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: The original "de Brignac" name was registered by the Cattier family in "the late 1940s or early 50s", according to Jean-Jacques Cattier. It was chosen at that time by his mother, who had been reading a novel featuring a character named de Brignac. Dormant for decades, the brand was revived for the new champagne after adding the name Armand. This was required by the French industry group Comité Interprofessionnel du vin de Champagne (CIVC) to avoid any confusion with the northwestern French village of Brignac, sitting just outside of the Champagne region itself.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: In November 2014 it was announced that the champagne brand had been bought by a company led by Jay-Z.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: Armand de Brignac Brut Gold is the flagship tête de cuvée from the 13th generation Montagne de Reims champagne growers, the Cattier family, the first bottles were released in 2006. The assemblage typically comprises 40% Pinot Noir, 40% Chardonnay, and 20% Pinot Meunier.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: Armand de Brignac Rosé was first introduced in 2008. The color comes from the inclusion of 12% of still red wine, harvested from old vines that produce fruit with great flavor intensity. The assemblage typically comprises 50% Pinot Noir, 40% Pinot Meunier, and 10% Chardonnay.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: Armand de Brignac Demi Sec was first released at the end of 2015. It is a sweeter style of champagne with just 34 g/L of sugar. The assemblage typically comprises 40% Pinot Noir, 40% Chardonnay, and 20% Pinot Meunier.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: Armand de Brignac Blanc de Blancs is a single varietal champagne comprising 100% Chardonnay. Fruit is sourced from traditional Chardonnay territory, the Côte des Blancs, as well from Montagne de Reims. The first bottles were released in 2008.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: Armand de Brignac Blanc de Noirs is the rarest cuvée in the Armand de Brignac range, with fewer than 3,000 bottles created for each assemblage. It is a 100% Pinot Noir made with fruit from some of the best Pinot Noir growing villages in the region including Verzenay and Chigy les Roses. The first bottles were for sale exclusively at Harrods in November 2015.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: The Champagne Cattier team who produce Armand de Brignac is led by Jean-Jacques and Alexandre Cattier, 12th and 13th generation champagne growers. A team of 18 people touch a bottle of Armand de Brignac from pressing the fruit to when the bottles leave the cellars in France.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: The Armand de Brignac champagnes are made in the village of Rilly-la-Montagne, in the Montagne de Reims region of Champagne. Fruit is sourced from the 30+ hectares owned by the Cattier family and from growers in selected villages across the region. All three Champagne grape varieties are used: Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: After hand-picking, the fruit is pressed in one of two family-owned wineries located close to the vineyards. The first press of 4,000 kilos of grapes provides an allowable yield of 20.5 hectolitres of juice (the "cuvée") and Armand de Brignac selects just the very first and freshest portion of this press.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: The champagnes rest on lees in the cellars for years before disgorgement. Armand de Brignac uses a unique dosage that comprises the best still wines aged for one year in French oak barrels. These oak barrels are placed 30 ft underground and thought to give the champagne its complexity and life.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: Each metalized bottle is finished by hand, with the application of French pewter labels, polished, and housed in a wooden lacquered gift box, ensuring every single bottle is unique. The annual yield for these bottles is roughly 60,000, which is considered fairly low in comparison to other named brands.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: In February 2009, Spanish critic José Peñín published his own review of Armand de Brignac Brut Gold. In November 2009, "FINE Champagne" Magazine published the results of a blind tasting of 1,000 champagne brands, with Armand de Brignac the top finisher.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: In 2015, wine critic Jancis Robinson MW rated the new Blanc de Noirs and Demi Sec champagnes 18/20 points. That same year, Armand de Brignac Blanc de Blancs received a Double Gold Medal in the San Francisco International Wine Competition. Armand de Brignac Brut Gold was also awarded a Gold Medal at the 2015 San Francisco International Wine Competition.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: In 2016, Armand de Brignac Blanc de Noirs Assemblage One (A1) was awarded the #1 Blanc De Noirs in the World for 2016 by FINE Champagne Magazine. In the same year, Wine Spectator rated Armand de Brignac Rosé 92 points and the Tasting Panel rated Armand de Brignac Brut Gold 93 points, and the Blanc de Blancs was awarded 94 points. Decanter awarded 96 points to the new release Armand de Brignac Blanc de Noirs Assemblage Two (A2), 95 points for the Brut Gold and both the Rosé and Demi Sec cuvées were given 93 point ratings.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: In 2017, Armand de Brignac Brut Rosé was awarded Best Rosé Champagne in the World for 2017 by TastingBook.com.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: An appearance in Jay-Z's 2006 music video for "Show Me What You Got" prior to the launch of the Armand de Brignac brand sparked wide discussion on sites covering hip-hop and popular culture, following his public fallout with the makers of Cristal.


title: Armand de Brignac

text: In June 2011 Mark Cuban spent $90,000 on a 15-litre bottle (10 magnum bottles) of Armand de Brignac in celebration of the Dallas Mavericks' NBA Championship. A week later, the Boston Bruins purchased a 30-litre bottle of Armand de Brignac, dubbed the "Midas", for $100,000. At the time of the purchase, the Midas bottle was one of six bottles released to date worldwide. It is the largest bottle of Champagne available in the world and is made only by Armand de Brignac.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: The "Armidale" class is a class of patrol boats built for the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Planning for a class of vessels to replace the fifteen s began in 1993 as a joint project with the Royal Malaysian Navy, but was cancelled when Malaysia pulled out of the process. The project was reopened in 1999 under the designation SEA 1444, with the RAN as the sole participant. Of the seven proposals tendered, the Austal/Defence Maritime Services (DMS) proposal for twelve vessels based on an enlarged was selected. Two additional boats were ordered in 2005 to provide a dedicated patrol force for the North West Shelf Venture.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: All fourteen vessels were constructed by Austal at Henderson, Western Australia. The first vessel, , was commissioned into the RAN in June 2005, and the last, , entered service in February 2008. The "Armidale"-class ships are operated by the Australian Patrol Boat Group, and based in Cairns and Darwin. They are primarily tasked with border protection, fisheries patrols, and the interception of unauthorised arrivals by sea. The "Armidale"s are longer and heavier than their "Fremantle"-class predecessors, with improved seakeeping ability and increased range, allowing them to reach Australia's offshore territories. The ships are multi-crewed, with three ship's companies available for every two vessels, allowing the patrol boats to spend more time at sea without cutting into sailors' rest or training time.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: During their early service life, there were problems with the fuel systems across the class, and a 20-bunk auxiliary accommodation compartment has been banned from use after toxic fumes were found in the compartment on multiple occasions. The high operational tempo from the Operation Resolute and Operation Sovereign Borders border protection and asylum seeker interception operations, combined with design flaws and poor maintenance, resulted in the ships suffering from hull fracturing around the engineering spaces, mechanical defects, and corrosion issues. DMS's contract to provide in-service support was terminated in 2017, and the patrol boats underwent a major refit in Singapore to reinforce the hull. Two s have been chartered to supplement naval patrol boat availability during the refit cycle, and plans to replace the "Armidale"s with an enlarged class of offshore combatant vessel have been accelerated to bring them into service by the early 2020s.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: After extensive damage from an onboard fire, was decommissioned at the end of 2014. A fictional "Armidale"-class boat, HMAS "Hammersley", appears in the Australian military drama series "Sea Patrol" from the second season onwards, with filming occurring aboard multiple ships of the class.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: Planning for the "Armidale" class began in 1993, as a plan to replace the , which was due for retirement in 1998. This evolved into a joint program with Malaysia to construct an offshore patrol craft. When Malaysia pulled out, the plan was scrapped, and the "Fremantle"s underwent a life-extending refit. The cost of maintaining the aging vessels prompted the Department of Defence to create the Replacement Patrol Boat program, which received the procurement project designation SEA 1444.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: SEA 1444 marked several departures from the department's standard acquisition requirements. Instead of specifying a number of vessels, the coverage of 3,000 ship-days per year (with 1,800 to be spent on border protection operations, and a surge capability of 3,600 days) was given, with the producer to determine how many ships were needed to meet this. The ships had to meet specific performance parameters, such as the ability to conduct boarding operations in conditions up to Sea State 4, and to maintain surveillance capability up to Sea State 5. The producer was also required in the contract to provide support and maintenance for the ships, for fifteen years after construction completed.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: Nine companies expressed interest in the project; of these, seven had the required capability to build the ships. These seven were narrowed down to three based on each tender's merit, competitiveness with the other tenders, and successful meeting of Australian industry involvement targets for both construction and long-term support. Austal and Defence Maritime Services (DMS) partnered to offer twelve ships based on an expanded version of the latter's , in use with the Australian Customs Service. The companies submitted two proposals for a vessel, one with a steel hull, and one with an aluminium hull; the latter offering a 21% reduction in fuel consumption. Australian Defence Industries (ADI) tendered a design based on the Royal Danish Navy's . The vessel was to be built with a glass-reinforced plastic hull, similar to ADI's s. The Tenix proposal was a variant of a search and rescue vessel constructed for the Philippine Coast Guard. The tender was awarded to the Austal/DMS partnership in December 2003. The contract was valued at $553 million, with each ship costing between $24 million and $28 million to construct.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: During the 2004 federal election, the Howard government promised to acquire two more patrol boats to provide a dedicated patrol force for the North West Shelf Venture located off the north-west coast of Australia. These were ordered in 2005. The order was placed in June 2006.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: All fourteen boats were constructed by Austal at its shipyard in Henderson, Western Australia. Lead ship was commissioned into the RAN in June 2005. Two other patrol boats were delivered to the RAN in 2005, six in 2006, and five in 2007, with the final ship in the class, , delivered in October 2007 and commissioned in February 2008. At one stage, six vessels were being constructed simultaneously.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: Each patrol boat has a length of , a beam of , a draught of , and a standard displacement of 300 tons. The hull is of the semi-displacement vee type, and is fabricated from aluminum alloy. The ship is designed to a combination of Det Norske Veritas standards for high-speed light craft and RAN requirements: much effort went into avoiding attempts to overengineer the "Armidale"s or turn them into 'miniature warships'.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: The "Armidale"s can travel at a maximum speed of , and are driven by two propeller shafts, each connected to an MTU 4000 16V diesel engine, providing . The ships have a range of at , allowing them to patrol the waters around the distant territories of Australia, including the Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Christmas Island. The "Armidale" class has demonstrated an improved seakeeping ability over the preceding "Fremantle" class: the "Armidale"s are longer, 85 tons heavier, and have hydraulic stabiliser fins and trim tabs incorporated into the design, allowing them to survive conditions up to Sea State 9. The vessels are designed for standard patrols of 21 days, with a maximum endurance of 42 days.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: The main armament of the "Armidale" class is a Rafael Typhoon stabilised gun mount fitted with an M242 Bushmaster autocannon. This cannon has a rate of fire of 200 rounds per minute, and is controlled remotely from the bridge. Two machine guns are also carried.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: Boarding operations are performed by two , waterjet propelled rigid-hulled inflatable boats (RHIB), which carry ten people (a fully equipped, eight-strong boarding party, and two boat crew). The RHIBs are larger and more powerful than the single RHIB aboard a "Fremantle", are capable of operating independently of their mothership, and carry their own communications, navigation, and safety equipment. Each RHIB has a dedicated cradle and davit, the boats can be launched and recovered easily, and a centralised 'dressing room' incorporated into the ship's design has streamlined the deployment and return of personnel.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: The patrol boats are fitted with a Bridgemaster E surface search and navigational radar, a Toplite electro-optical detection system, and a Warrlock direction finding system. A Prism III radar warning system was fitted to the last two boats during construction, and retro-fitted to the rest. Tenders for a Naval Unmanned Aerial System (NUAS) capability for the "Armidale" class were requested in mid-2014.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: Each patrol boat has a standard ship's company of 21 personnel, with a maximum of 29 (not including use of the austere compartment). Unlike the "Fremantle"-class patrol boats, the "Armidale"s do not have a permanently assigned ship's company. Instead, there are 21 crews established for the 14 "Armidale"-class patrol boats, which are divided up into four divisions: "Attack", "Assail", "Ardent", and "Aware". The first three of the Divisions are assigned six crews for four ships, while "Aware" has three crews for two ships. The ships are continually manned, with two out of three crews actively deployed while the third undergoes leave or training, or prepares to transfer into a ship: a handover can be accomplished in less than six hours. The intention of multi-crewing is to allow the ships to spend more time at sea, without compromising sailors' rest time or training requirements.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: Junior sailors are housed in four-berth cabins, as opposed to the central sixteen-berth mess deck of the "Fremantle"s, while senior sailors and commissioned officers either have individual or share two-berth cabins. Personnel have access to e-mail and satellite television, and the galley is better equipped than that on a "Fremantle"-class vessel and better suited to use in heavy seas. The comfort of personnel is also significantly improved over the "Fremantle"s, with air conditioning throughout the entire ship (excluding engine and machinery compartments).


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: The introduction of the class into service has not been without problems. Since June 2005, all active "Armidale"s have undergone operating restrictions on two occasions, both due to water contamination of the main fuel systems. The first occurrence, in September 2006, led to the suspension of operations by the patrol boats for a month, and the engineering controls were redesigned. The problem occurred again in January 2007, and led to an 'operational pause' while Austal redesigned the fuel system, engineering procedures were altered, and fuel quality criteria were tightened. The five ships yet to be completed were fitted with the modified fuel system during construction, while the active ships were refitted over the course of 2007. As of December 2007, no further fuel problems have occurred.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: A 20-berth auxiliary accommodation compartment (the 'austere' compartment) was included in the design, for the transportation of soldiers, illegal fishermen, or unauthorised arrivals; in the latter two cases, the compartment could be secured from the outside. However, a malfunction in the sewage treatment facilities aboard in August 2006 pumped hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide into the compartment, non-fatally poisoning four sailors working inside resulting in use of the compartment as accommodation being heavily restricted across the class. In 2010, allegations were made to "The Australian" that a sailor working in the austere compartment on a different vessel had been gassed with hydrogen sulphide, and carbon monoxide was regularly detected in the enclosed space. Following publication of the allegations, Chief of Navy Russ Crane claimed that there was no record of the alleged gassing incident, and while there were ongoing incidents of poisonous gasses detected in the compartment, the sensors were set to trigger well below dangerous levels, and modifications were being made to the sewerage and ventilation systems.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: In 2014, the navy reported the recurrence of hull cracking around the engine spaces, which has been attributed to a combination of design issues related to the aluminium hull, and the high tempo of operations. By 2015, several patrol boats were confined to port because of structural, mechanical, and corrosion issues. In response, the Department of Defence threatened to cancel DMS' maintenance contract based on the company's poor performance in maintaining the "Armidale"'s (but did not go ahead due to the political repercussions from potentially losing local jobs). Defence and Serco (the parent company of DMS) later agreed to end the contract in 2017, with the Australian government to tender for a new in-service support contract during 2016. The patrol boat fleet began a mid-life refit program in October 2015, in order to extend hull life until a replacement class of larger vessels enters service from 2022. The patrol boats were refitted two at a time in Singapore, with the RAN chartering the s "Cape Byron" and "Cape Nelson" from mid-2015 until the end of 2016 to supplement naval patrol boat availability. During work on the first two patrol boats, the estimated cost of work-per-vessel doubled to A$7 million.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: The "Armidale"-class ships are operated by the Australian Patrol Boat Group and are primarily tasked with border protection and fisheries patrols. Multiple "Armidale"-class boats are assigned to patrols of Australian waters at any given time as part of Operation Resolute (and later Operation Sovereign Borders), with an ability to surge further vessels when required.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: On introduction of the "Armidale" class, the Australian Patrol Boat Group was reorganised into four divisions, named after "Attack" class ships:


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: At the start of 2014, the long transit differences and near-constant deployment of the patrol boats for Operation Resolute was impacting on the ability to keep the vessels properly maintained.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: In August 2014, a fire broke out aboard while undergoing refit work at a civilian shipyard in Hemmant, Queensland. The patrol boat was damaged beyond repair and was decommissioned on 18 December.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: In November 2017 the RAN began deploying "Armidale"-class patrol boats to the Philippines. The boats have been used to conduct counter-terrorism patrols in the Sulu Sea with the Philippine Navy.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: From the second season onwards of "Sea Patrol", an Australian military drama series, the fictional "Armidale"-class patrol boat HMAS "Hammersley" (pennant number 82) is used as the main setting. In 2008, two ships were conflated to represent "Hammersley": 42 of the 86 days of filming were spent aboard , with later pick-up filming aboard .


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: "", the 2009 Department of Defence white paper, proposed replacing the "Armidale"s, along with the RAN's mine warfare and hydrographic vessels, with a single class of multi-role offshore combatant vessels (OCVs). These vessels, with a theoretical maximum displacement up to 2,000 tonnes, would use a modular mission payload system to change between roles as required, and would be equipped for helicopter or unmanned aerial vehicle operations. The 2013 white paper postponed the multi-role OCV as a long-term project.


title: Armidale-class patrol boat

text: The 2013 white paper proposed that an existing OCV design be sourced as a short-term replacement for the "Armidale" class. Procurement project SEA 1179 is undertaking several studies towards the replacement of the "Armidale"s. In April 2016, the Lürssen OPV80A design was selected to replace the "Armidale" class ships. The replacement OPVs will be larger and provide improved seakeeping and endurance. Construction started in 2018, with entry into service planned from 2022. A hull remediation program was implemented to extend the lifespans of the patrol boats to this point.


title: Forest Research Institute (India)

text: The Forest Research Institute ( FRI; ) is a Natural Resource Service training institute of the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education and is an institution in the field of forestry research in India for Indian Forest Service cadres and all State Forest Service cadres. It is located at Dehradun in Uttarakhand, and is among the oldest institutions of its kind. In 1991, it was declared a deemed university by the University Grants Commission.


title: Forest Research Institute (India)

text: The Forest Research Institute campus hosts the Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy (IGNFA), the staff college that trains officers selected for the Indian Forest Service (IFS).


title: Forest Research Institute (India)

text: In 1906, it was reestablished as the Imperial Forest Research Institute, under the British Imperial Forestry Service.


title: Forest Research Institute (India)

text: Established as Imperial Forest Research Institute in 1906, the Forest Research Institute (FRI) Dehradun, was first situated at Chandhbagh (the present location of the Doon School) on the Mall Road. A much larger campus at the present location was acquired ca 1923. Construction of the new buildings commenced thereafter. Styled in Greco-Roman Architecture by C.G. Blomfield, the main building was inaugurated in 1929 by then Viceroy Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon. It is now a National Heritage site.


title: Forest Research Institute (India)

text: Forest Research Institute Dehradun is among the oldest institutions of its kind. The institute's history is virtually synonymous with the evolution and development of scientific forestry, not only in India, but over the entire sub-continent. Built over 450 hectares, with the outer Himalaya forming its back drop, the institute's main building combines Greco-Roman and Colonial styles of architecture, with a plinth area of 2.5 hectares. The building was listed for a time, in the Guinness Book of Records, as the largest purely brick structure in the world. The institute has a developed infrastructure of all equipped laboratories, library, herbarium, arboreta, printing press and experimental field areas for conducting forestry research. It is 7 km from Clock Tower, on the Dehradun-Chakrata motorable road. It is the biggest forest based training institute in India. Most of the forest officers are a part of this institute. The FRI's building also houses a Botanical Museum and there are many different kind of trees from around the world.


title: Forest Research Institute (India)

text: Kaulagarh in the north and the Indian Military Academy to the south. The Tons River forms its Western Boundary.


title: Forest Research Institute (India)

text: Within its campus, it hosts Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy (IGNFA), which is a separate organization of the Indian Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF). It also hosts the Central Academy for State Forest Services (CASFOS). The Wildlife Institute of India was on campus but now has moved to Chandrabani, and is an independent organization under MoEF. IIFM is an independent autonomous organization of MoEF and has good liaisons with FRI for forestry research and related activities. Presently IIM Kashipur running its executive management course on weekends for working person in this campus. The deemed university of FRI runs four MSc courses viz. Cellulose & Paper Technology, Environment Management, Forestry Management, Wood Science Technology and two P.G.Diploma courses in Natural Resource Management and Aroma Technology. <nowiki>It also enrolls a large number of research scholars every year for Ph.D. </nowiki>


title: Forest Research Institute (India)

text: The museum is open from 9:30am to 5:00pm daily. There is an entry fee of ₹40 per person and a nominal entry fee for vehicles.


title: Forest Research Institute (India)

text: More than half a dozen movies "Dulhan Ek Raat Ki", "Krishna Cottage", "Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein", "404", "Paan Singh Tomar", "Nanban", "Student of the Year", "Student of the Year 2", Dilli Khabar, "Yaara", "Genius", "Dear Daddy" and "Maharshi" were majorly shot in this campus.


title: Forest Research Institute (India)

text: Television commercial ad of Bournvita was also shot here. Punjabi song Pyaar tere naal he and Sajjan Raji by Satinder Sartaj also shot here.


title: Forest Research Institute (India)

text: Rash Behari Bose worked here as a head clerk, before becoming a full-time participant in the Independence movement.


title: Malasada

text: A malasada (, from ""mal-assada"" = "badly-baked"; similar to filhós), sometimes called "Portuguese fried dough," is a Portuguese confection. It is a fried type of doughnut, made of flattened rounds of yeast dough, flavoured with lemon zest and coated with granulated sugar and cinnamon. The traditional Portuguese malasadas do not contain holes or any type of filling, but some variations do, especially the ones made in Hawaii. Some cream fillings include coconut, passion fruit, guava, pineapple and custard. Malasadas are often eaten on Mardi Gras - the day before Ash Wednesday.


title: Malasada

text: In Madeira, malasadas are mainly eaten on "Terça-feira Gorda" ("Fat Tuesday" in English; "Mardi Gras" in French) which is also the day before Lent begins. It is a traditional confection eaten in the Azores islands and in Madeira during the Portuguese Carnival (Carnival of Madeira in the Madeira Islands). Malasadas were created with the intention of using all the lard and sugar in one's home, in preparation for Lent (similar to the tradition of the Shrove Tuesday in the United Kingdom, commonly incorrectly called Pancake Day). This tradition was taken to Hawaii, where they celebrate Shrove Tuesday, known as Malasada Day, which dates back to the days of the sugarcane plantations of the 19th century when the Portuguese (mostly from Madeira and the Azores) went to Hawaii to work in those plantations, bringing their Catholic traditions. These workers used up butter and sugar prior to Lent by making large batches of malasadas. In some of the Portuguese islands, such as S. Miguel, Malasadas can also be eaten after dipping them in molasses. Malasadas are known by other names (for example, Filhoses and Farturas) depending on the region and island.


title: Malasada

text: In 1878, Portuguese laborers from Madeira and the Azores went to Hawaii to work in the plantations. These immigrants brought their traditional foods with them, including a fried dough pastry called "malasada." Today, there are numerous bakeries in the Hawaiian islands specializing in malasadas.


title: Malasada

text: Mardi Gras ("Fat Tuesday"), the day before Lent, is Malasada Day in Hawaii. Being predominantly Catholic, Portuguese immigrants would need to use up all their butter and sugar prior to Lent. They did so by making large batches of malasadas, which they would subsequently share with friends from all the other ethnic groups in the plantation camps.


title: Malasada

text: In the United States, malasadas are cooked in many Portuguese or Portuguese descendant homes on Fat Tuesday. It is a tradition where the older children take the warm doughnuts and roll them in sugar while the eldest woman – mother or grandmother – cooks them.


title: Malasada

text: On the East Coast, in Rhode Island and Southeastern Massachusetts, there is a high population of Portuguese-Americans. Festivals in cities such as New Bedford and Fall River will often serve Portuguese cuisine, including malasadas.


title: Malasada

text: Malasadas were a purchasable food item in the video game "Pokémon Sun and Moon", and one of the main characters, Hau, is obsessed with them.


title: Derek Paravicini

text: Derek Paravicini (born 26 July 1979) is an English autistic savant known as a musical prodigy. He resides in London.


title: Derek Paravicini

text: On 26 July 1979, Paravicini was born at Royal Berkshire Hospital in Reading, He was born extremely prematurely, at 25 weeks, along with a twin sister, who did not survive birth. He was blinded by an overdosage of oxygen therapy given during his time in a neonatal intensive care unit. This also affected his developing brain, resulting in him having a severe learning disability. He also is considered to be on the autism spectrum.


title: Derek Paravicini

text: Paravicini has absolute pitch and can play any piece of music after hearing it once. He began playing the piano at the age of two when his nanny gave him an old keyboard. His parents arranged for him to attend the Linden Lodge School for the Blind in London. On his introductory visit to the school, in the music room he broke free from his parents, then headed straight for a piano being played. He pushed the player aside to take over. The player encouraged him and arranged first weekly and then daily lessons. At age seven, Paravicini gave his first concert, at Tooting Leisure Centre in South London.


title: Derek Paravicini

text: In 1989, at the age of nine, Paravicini had his first major public concert at the Barbican Hall in London where he played with the Royal Philharmonic Pops Orchestra. In that year, he appeared on "Wogan" and was the main subject of a documentary called "Musical Savants".


title: Derek Paravicini

text: When he was older, he was presented with a Barnardo's Children's Champion Award by Diana, Princess of Wales, for his performances at age seven and nine. More opportunities followed, including playing at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club.


title: Derek Paravicini

text: Paravicini's first album "Echoes of the Sounds to Be" was released on 27 September 2006. His official biography, "In the Key of Genius" by Adam Ockelford, was published in the UK by Hutchinson () on 3 May 2007.


title: Derek Paravicini

text: Paravicini has appeared on various television programs. He was featured on an episode of Channel 5's "Extraordinary People," in an episode titled "The Musical Genius." This showed his journey to Las Vegas to play in a charity concert with another savant, Rex Lewis-Clack. He was interviewed twice by Lesley Stahl for "60 Minutes". In 2009, he was one of the subjects of the NOVA series' episode "Musical Minds", featuring neurologist Oliver Sacks, on PBS. He was featured a second time by "60 Minutes" on 14 March 2010. In 2009, he performed for the former Chancellor Alistair Darling, and unexpectedly played "Big Spender".


title: Derek Paravicini

text: On 26 August 2010, Paravicini was featured on the History Channel's "Stan Lee's Superhumans". On the show, he was subjected to testing which verified his savantism and musical ability. After Paravicini improvised at two pianos with the composer Matthew King for a radio programme made for BBC Radio 4, they collaborated on a new piano concerto entitled "Blue." It was first performed in September 2011 by the Orchestra of St John's in the Queen Elizabeth Hall, London. This is believed to be the first work for piano and orchestra ever composed for someone with learning disabilities. It was the subject of a feature on BBC News in September 2011.


title: Derek Paravicini

text: On 9 March 2013, Paravicini appeared with Adam Ockelford at TEDxWarwick. During the talk, Ockelford discussed Paravicini's amazing musical abilities, while Paravicini demonstrated them.


title: Derek Paravicini

text: On 27 December 2017, Paravicini was featured on an episode of "Mind Field" with Michael Stevens. The episode explored his musical ability and the science of the mind of a savant.


title: Derek Paravicini

text: Paravicini is the son of Nicolas Paravicini and Mary Ann Parker Bowles, sister of Andrew Parker Bowles. Paravicini's aunt by marriage was Camilla, later Queen consort of the United Kingdom.


title: Derek Paravicini

text: After his parents divorced, there were legal questions raised about Paravicini's care. On 13 May 2010, Paravicini made legal history when the United Kingdom's last remaining secret court was opened for the first time to discuss his future care. The Court of Protection, which controls the future of adults incapable of managing their own affairs, appointed Paravicini's family to look after his welfare and commercial future. Until that legal decision was made, the Official Solicitor from the Ministry of Justice had been looking after his affairs.


title: Derek Paravicini

text: He is a great-grandson of author W. Somerset Maugham and great-great-grandson of Thomas John Barnardo. His stepmother is Susan Rose "Sukie" Phipps (born 1941), who was brought up by Fitzroy Maclean, one of the models for James Bond. His cousins include food writer Tom Parker Bowles and his sister Laura Lopes.


title: Geography of France

text: The geography of France consists of a terrain that is mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in the north and west and mountainous in the south (including the Massif Central and the Pyrenees) and the east (the highest points being in the Alps). Metropolitan France has a total size of (Europe only). It is the third largest country in Europe by area (after Russia and Ukraine) and the largest in Western Europe.


title: Geography of France

text: The French metropolitan territory is relatively large, so the climate is not uniform, giving rise to the following climate nuances:


title: Geography of France

text: "Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):" 31.62 km/yr (19%/71%/10%) (512.1 m/yr per capita) (2009)


title: Geography of France

text: Coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, uranium, antimony, arsenic, potash, feldspar, fluorspar, gypsum, timber, fish, gold, clay, petroleum


title: Geography of France

text: Flooding, avalanches, midwinter windstorms, drought, forest fires in the south near the Mediterranean


title: Geography of France

text: The region that now comprises France consisted of open grassland during the Pleistocene Ice Age. France gradually became forested as the glaciers retreated starting in 10,000 BC, but clearing of these primeval forests began in Neolithic times. These forests were still fairly extensive until the medieval era.