title: Monarchy of Pakistan

text: The Pakistani monarch and the federal legislature constituted the Parliament of Pakistan. All executive powers of Pakistan rested with the sovereign. All laws in Pakistan were enacted only with the granting of Royal Assent, done by the governor-general on behalf of the sovereign. The governor-general was also responsible for summoning, proroguing, and dissolving the Federal Legislature. The governor-general had the power to choose and appoint the Council of Ministers and could dismiss them under his discretion. All Pakistani ministers of the Crown held office at the pleasure of the governor-general.


title: Monarchy of Pakistan

text: Pakistani ambassadors and representatives to foreign countries were accredited by the monarch in his or her capacity as the Sovereign of Pakistan and Pakistani envoys sent abroad required royal approval. The letters of credence and letters of recall were formerly issued by the monarch.


title: Monarchy of Pakistan

text: Within the Commonwealth realms, the sovereign is responsible for rendering justice for all her subjects, and is thus traditionally deemed the "fount of justice". In Pakistan, criminal offences were legally deemed to be offences against the sovereign and proceedings for indictable offences were brought in the sovereign's name in the form of "The Crown versus [Name]". Hence, the common law held that the sovereign "can do no wrong"; the monarch cannot be prosecuted in his or her own courts for criminal offences. The governor-general of Pakistan was also exempted from any proceedings against him in any Pakistani court.


title: Monarchy of Pakistan

text: The representative of the Pakistani monarch officially resided at Governor-General's House, in the city of Karachi. All four governors-general lived there until 1956, when the monarchy was abolished, and the residence was renamed President's House.


title: Monarchy of Pakistan

text: All oath taking ceremonies were held at the Darbar Hall of Governor-General's House. The Hall also contains a throne which was made for King Edward VII during his tour of India as Prince of Wales in 1876, and was also used by Queen Mary during the Delhi Durbar in 1911. All governors-general took salutes at the terrace of the house on national days as the contingents of guards marched past.


title: Monarchy of Pakistan

text: Within the Commonwealth realms, the monarch is deemed the fount of honour. Similarly, the monarch, as Sovereign of Pakistan, conferred awards and honours in Pakistan in his or her name. Most of them were awarded on the advice of "His Majesty's Pakistan Ministers" (or "Her Majesty's Pakistan Ministers").


title: Monarchy of Pakistan

text: The Crown sat at the pinnacle of the Pakistan Defence Force. It was reflected in Pakistan's naval vessels, which bore the prefix "HMPS", i.e., "Her Majesty's Pakistan Ship" (or "His Majesty's Pakistan Ship" during the reign of George VI). The Pakistan Navy and the Pakistan Air Force were known as Royal Pakistan Navy and Royal Pakistan Air Force respectively. The prefix "Royal" was dropped when the Pakistani monarchy was abolished.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: The analytic–synthetic distinction is a semantic distinction, used primarily in philosophy to distinguish between propositions (in particular, statements that are affirmative subject–predicate judgments) that are of two types: analytic propositions and synthetic propositions. Analytic propositions are true or not true solely by virtue of their meaning, whereas synthetic propositions' truth, if any, derives from how their meaning relates to the world.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: While the distinction was first proposed by Immanuel Kant, it was revised considerably over time, and different philosophers have used the terms in very different ways. Furthermore, some philosophers (starting with W.V.O. Quine) have questioned whether there is even a clear distinction to be made between propositions which are analytically true and propositions which are synthetically true. Debates regarding the nature and usefulness of the distinction continue to this day in contemporary philosophy of language.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: The philosopher Immanuel Kant uses the terms "analytic" and "synthetic" to divide propositions into two types. Kant introduces the analytic–synthetic distinction in the Introduction to his "Critique of Pure Reason" (1781/1998, A6–7/B10–11). There, he restricts his attention to statements that are affirmative subject–predicate judgments and defines "analytic proposition" and "synthetic proposition" as follows:


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: Each of these statements is an affirmative subject–predicate judgment, and, in each, the predicate concept is "contained" within the subject concept. The concept "bachelor" contains the concept "unmarried"; the concept "unmarried" is part of the definition of the concept "bachelor". Likewise, for "triangle" and "has three sides", and so on.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: As with the previous examples classified as analytic propositions, each of these new statements is an affirmative subject–predicate judgment. However, in none of these cases does the subject concept contain the predicate concept. The concept "bachelor" does not contain the concept "alone"; "alone" is not a part of the "definition" of "bachelor". The same is true for "creatures with hearts" and "have kidneys"; even if every creature with a heart also has kidneys, the concept "creature with a heart" does not contain the concept "has kidneys".


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: In the Introduction to the "Critique of Pure Reason", Kant contrasts his distinction between analytic and synthetic propositions with another distinction, the distinction between "a priori" and "a posteriori" propositions. He defines these terms as follows:


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: The justification of these propositions does not depend upon experience: one need not consult experience to determine whether all bachelors are unmarried, nor whether . (Of course, as Kant would grant, experience is required to understand the concepts "bachelor", "unmarried", "7", "+" and so forth. However, the "a priori" - "a posteriori" distinction as employed here by Kant refers not to the "origins" of the concepts but to the "justification" of the propositions. Once we have the concepts, experience is no longer necessary.)


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: Both of these propositions are "a posteriori": any justification of them would require one's experience.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: The analytic/synthetic distinction and the "a priori" - "a posteriori" distinction together yield four types of propositions:


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: Kant posits the third type as obviously self-contradictory. Ruling it out, he discusses only the remaining three types as components of his epistemological frameworkeach, for brevity's sake, becoming, respectively, "analytic", "synthetic "a priori"", and "empirical" or ""a posteriori"" propositions. This triad accounts for all propositions possible.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: Examples of analytic and "a posteriori" statements have already been given, for synthetic "a priori" propositions he gives those in mathematics and physics.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: Part of Kant's argument in the Introduction to the "Critique of Pure Reason" involves arguing that there is no problem figuring out how knowledge of analytic propositions is possible. To know an analytic proposition, Kant argued, one need not consult experience. Instead, one needs merely to take the subject and "extract from it, in accordance with the principle of contradiction, the required predicate" (A7/B12). In analytic propositions, the predicate concept is contained in the subject concept. Thus, to know an analytic proposition is true, one need merely examine the concept of the subject. If one finds the predicate contained in the subject, the judgment is true.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: Thus, for example, one need not consult experience to determine whether "All bachelors are unmarried" is true. One need merely examine the subject concept ("bachelors") and see if the predicate concept "unmarried" is contained in it. And in fact, it is: "unmarried" is part of the definition of "bachelor" and so is contained within it. Thus the proposition "All bachelors are unmarried" can be known to be true without consulting experience.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: It follows from this, Kant argued, first: All analytic propositions are "a priori"; there are no "a posteriori" analytic propositions. It follows, second: There is no problem understanding how we can know analytic propositions; we can know them because we only need to consult our concepts in order to determine that they are true.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: After ruling out the possibility of analytic "a posteriori" propositions, and explaining how we can obtain knowledge of analytic "a priori" propositions, Kant also explains how we can obtain knowledge of synthetic "a posteriori" propositions. That leaves only the question of how knowledge of synthetic "a priori" propositions is possible. This question is exceedingly important, Kant maintains, because all scientific knowledge (for him Newtonian physics and mathematics) is made up of synthetic "a priori" propositions. If it is impossible to determine which synthetic "a priori" propositions are true, he argues, then metaphysics as a discipline is impossible. The remainder of the "Critique of Pure Reason" is devoted to examining whether and how knowledge of synthetic "a priori" propositions is possible.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: Over a hundred years later, a group of philosophers took interest in Kant and his distinction between analytic and synthetic propositions: the logical positivists.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: Part of Kant's examination of the possibility of synthetic "a priori" knowledge involved the examination of mathematical propositions, such as


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: Kant maintained that mathematical propositions such as these are synthetic "a priori" propositions, and that we know them. That they are synthetic, he thought, is obvious: the concept "equal to 12" is not contained within the concept "7 + 5"; and the concept "straight line" is not contained within the concept "the shortest distance between two points". From this, Kant concluded that we have knowledge of synthetic "a priori" propositions.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: Gottlob Frege's notion of analyticity included a number of logical properties and relations beyond containment: symmetry, transitivity, antonymy, or negation and so on. He had a strong emphasis on formality, in particular formal definition, and also emphasized the idea of substitution of synonymous terms. "All bachelors are unmarried" can be expanded out with the formal definition of bachelor as "unmarried man" to form "All unmarried men are unmarried", which is recognizable as tautologous and therefore analytic from its logical form: any statement of the form "All "X" that are ("F" and "G") are "F"". Using this particular expanded idea of analyticity, Frege concluded that Kant's examples of arithmetical truths are analytical "a priori" truths and "not" synthetic "a priori" truths.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: The logical positivists agreed with Kant that we have knowledge of mathematical truths, and further that mathematical propositions are "a priori". However, they did not believe that any complex metaphysics, such as the type Kant supplied, are necessary to explain our knowledge of mathematical truths. Instead, the logical positivists maintained that our knowledge of judgments like "all bachelors are unmarried" and our knowledge of mathematics (and logic) are in the basic sense the same: all proceeded from our knowledge of the meanings of terms or the conventions of language.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: Thus the logical positivists drew a new distinction, and, inheriting the terms from Kant, named it the "analytic-synthetic distinction". They provided many different definitions, such as the following:


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: These definitions applied to all propositions, regardless of whether they were of subject–predicate form. Thus, under these definitions, the proposition "It is raining or it is not raining" was classified as analytic, while for Kant it was analytic by virtue of its logical form. And the proposition "" was classified as analytic, while under Kant's definitions it was synthetic.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: Two-dimensionalism is an approach to semantics in analytic philosophy. It is a theory of how to determine the sense and reference of a word and the truth-value of a sentence. It is intended to resolve a puzzle that has plagued philosophy for some time, namely: How is it possible to discover empirically that a necessary truth is true? Two-dimensionalism provides an analysis of the semantics of words and sentences that makes sense of this possibility. The theory was first developed by Robert Stalnaker, but it has been advocated by numerous philosophers since, including David Chalmers and Berit Brogaard.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: is taken to express two distinct propositions, often referred to as a "primary intension" and a "secondary intension", which together compose its meaning.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: The primary intension of a word or sentence is its sense, i.e., is the idea or method by which we find its referent. The primary intension of "water" might be a description, such as "watery stuff". The thing picked out by the primary intension of "water" could have been otherwise. For example, on some other world where the inhabitants take "water" to mean "watery stuff", but, where the chemical make-up of watery stuff is not HO, it is not the case that water is HO for that world.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: The "secondary intension" of "water" is whatever thing "water" happens to pick out in "this" world, whatever that world happens to be. So if we assign "water" the primary intension "watery stuff" then the secondary intension of "water" is HO, since HO is "watery stuff" in this world. The secondary intension of "water" in our world is HO, which is HO in every world because unlike "watery stuff" it is impossible for HO to be other than HO. When considered according to its secondary intension, "Water is HO" is true in every world.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: If two-dimensionalism is workable it solves some very important problems in the philosophy of language. Saul Kripke has argued that "Water is HO" is an example of the necessary "a posteriori", since we had to discover that water was HO, but given that it is true, it cannot be false. It would be absurd to claim that something that is water is not HO, for these are known to be "identical".


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: Rudolf Carnap was a strong proponent of the distinction between what he called "internal questions", questions entertained within a "framework" (like a mathematical theory), and "external questions", questions posed outside any framework – posed before the adoption of any framework. The "internal" questions could be of two types: "logical" (or analytic, or logically true) and "factual" (empirical, that is, matters of observation interpreted using terms from a framework). The "external" questions were also of two types: those that were confused pseudo-questions ("one disguised in the form of a theoretical question") and those that could be re-interpreted as practical, pragmatic questions about whether a framework under consideration was "more or less expedient, fruitful, conducive to the aim for which the language is intended". The adjective "synthetic" was not used by Carnap in his 1950 work "Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology". Carnap did define a "synthetic truth" in his work "Meaning and Necessity": a sentence that is true, but not simply because "the semantical rules of the system suffice for establishing its truth".


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: The notion of a synthetic truth is of something that is true both because of what it means and because of the way the world is, whereas analytic truths are true in virtue of meaning alone. Thus, what Carnap calls internal "factual" statements (as opposed to internal "logical" statements) could be taken as being also synthetic truths because they require "observations", but some external statements also could be "synthetic" statements and Carnap would be doubtful about their status. The analytic–synthetic argument therefore is not identical with the internal–external distinction.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: In 1951, Willard Van Orman Quine published the essay "Two Dogmas of Empiricism" in which he argued that the analytic–synthetic distinction is untenable. The argument at bottom is that there are no "analytic" truths, but all truths involve an empirical aspect. In the first paragraph, Quine takes the distinction to be the following:


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: To summarize Quine's argument, the notion of an analytic proposition requires a notion of synonymy, but establishing synonymy inevitably leads to matters of fact – synthetic propositions. Thus, there is no non-circular (and so no tenable) way to ground the notion of analytic propositions.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: While Quine's rejection of the analytic–synthetic distinction is widely known, the precise argument for the rejection and its status is highly debated in contemporary philosophy. However, some (for example, Paul Boghossian) argue that Quine's rejection of the distinction is still widely accepted among philosophers, even if for poor reasons.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: Paul Grice and P. F. Strawson criticized "Two Dogmas" in their 1956 article "In Defense of a Dogma". Among other things, they argue that Quine's skepticism about synonyms leads to a skepticism about meaning. If statements can have meanings, then it would make sense to ask "What does it mean?". If it makes sense to ask "What does it mean?", then synonymy can be defined as follows: Two sentences are synonymous if and only if the true answer of the question "What does it mean?" asked of one of them is the true answer to the same question asked of the other. They also draw the conclusion that discussion about correct or incorrect translations would be impossible given Quine's argument. Four years after Grice and Strawson published their paper, Quine's book "Word and Object" was released. In the book Quine presented his theory of indeterminacy of translation.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: In "Speech Acts", John Searle argues that from the difficulties encountered in trying to explicate analyticity by appeal to specific criteria, it does not follow that the notion itself is void. Considering the way which we would test any proposed list of criteria, which is by comparing their extension to the set of analytic statements, it would follow that any explication of what analyticity means presupposes that we already have at our disposal a working notion of analyticity.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: Analytic truth defined as a true statement derivable from a tautology by putting synonyms for synonyms is near Kant's account of analytic truth as a truth whose negation is a contradiction. Analytic truth defined as a truth confirmed no matter what, however, is closer to one of the traditional accounts of "a priori". While the first four sections of Quine's paper concern analyticity, the last two concern a priority. Putnam considers the argument in the two last sections as independent of the first four, and at the same time as Putnam criticizes Quine, he also emphasizes his historical importance as the first top rank philosopher to both reject the notion of "a priority" and sketch a methodology without it.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: Jerrold Katz, a one-time associate of Noam Chomsky, countered the arguments of "Two Dogmas" directly by trying to define analyticity non-circularly on the syntactical features of sentences. Chomsky himself critically discussed Quine's conclusion, arguing that it is possible to identify some analytic truths (truths of meaning, not truths of facts) which are determined by specific relations holding among some innate conceptual features of the mind or brain.


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: In "Philosophical Analysis in the Twentieth Century, Volume 1: The Dawn of Analysis", Scott Soames pointed out that Quine's circularity argument needs two of the logical positivists' central theses to be effective:


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: It is only when these two theses are accepted that Quine's argument holds. It is not a problem that the notion of necessity is presupposed by the notion of analyticity if necessity can be explained without analyticity. According to Soames, both theses were accepted by most philosophers when Quine published "Two Dogmas". Today, however, Soames holds both statements to be antiquated. He says: "Very few philosophers today would accept either [of these assertions], both of which now seem decidedly antique."


title: Analytic–synthetic distinction

text: This distinction was imported from philosophy into theology, with Albrecht Ritschl attempting to demonstrate that Kant's epistemology was compatible with Lutheranism.


title: Jean Harris

text: Jean Struven Harris (April 27, 1923 – December 23, 2012) was the headmistress of The Madeira School for girls in McLean, Virginia, who made national news in the early 1980s when she was tried and convicted of the murder of her ex-lover, Herman Tarnower, a well-known cardiologist and author of the best-selling book "The Complete Scarsdale Medical Diet". The case is featured on the TV show "Murder Made Me Famous".


title: Jean Harris

text: Born Jean Struven on April 27, 1923, in Chicago, Illinois, to Albert and Mildred Struven, Harris was the second of four children. She went to Laurel School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, before attending Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts. In 1945, she graduated "magna cum laude" from Smith with a degree in economics. After college, she married Jim Harris and they had two sons by 1952. In 1965, Harris divorced her husband, who died in 1977.


title: Jean Harris

text: Harris met Tarnower, a cardiologist (later known as the "Scarsdale Diet Doctor" due to a popular diet book he published), in December 1966, the year after her divorce. They then began a 14-year relationship. Though Tarnower showered Harris with gifts and exotic vacations, he had relationships with multiple other women during these years.


title: Jean Harris

text: Harris worked as the headmistress of the Madeira School for girls in McLean, Virginia, while continuing her long-distance relationship with Tarnower. Harris was aware of Tarnower's other relationships; he did not hide them from her. Tarnower prescribed Harris multiple medications over the course of several years. In the 1970s, Tarnower hired Lynne Tryforos, a divorcee more than thirty years his junior, to work as a secretary-receptionist at the Scarsdale Medical Center. Tarnower then began an affair with Tryforos.


title: Jean Harris

text: In late winter 1980, Madeira students were preparing to leave for their break when some staged a "sit-in" protest that denounced the educators and headmistress of Madeira. Harris was troubled by the actions of the students. On the evening of March 9, Madeira faculty members noted she seemed despondent and distant. It was later learned that she was physically addicted to one of her prescriptions, unknowingly at the time.


title: Jean Harris

text: On March 10, 1980, Harris made a five-hour, 264-mile drive from the Madeira School in Virginia to Herman Tarnower's home in Purchase, New York, with a .32 caliber revolver in her possession. She later stated that she had planned to commit suicide after talking in person with Tarnower one last time. When she arrived at the house, she noticed Tryforos' lingerie in the bedroom. An argument ensued, and Tarnower allegedly said to her, "Jesus, Jean, you're crazy! Get out of here!" According to Harris a struggle over the gun ensued when Harris told Tarnower she was going to kill herself. Prosecutors disputed her claim, noting that she had placed extra ammunition in her pocket before confronting Tarnower. Harris shot Tarnower four times at close range. She later reported that she tried phoning for help from the upstairs bedroom, but that phone was not working. She left in her car to get help not knowing Tarnower's housekeeper had already phoned the police after hearing the gunshots. Harris saw police cars driving past her, headed in the direction of Tarnower's home. She turned her car around and followed the police cars back to his home. She was ultimately arrested and booked for second-degree murder. She pled not guilty, insisting that the shooting was an accident in that the gun had gone off accidentally and repeatedly while Tarnower tried to wrest it away from her.


title: Jean Harris

text: Harris was released on $80,000 bail raised by her brother and sisters and signed into the United Hospital of Port Chester for psychiatric evaluation and therapy. She then contracted the services of attorneys Joel Aurnou and Bonnie Steingart to plan her defense.


title: Jean Harris

text: The case went to trial at the Westchester County Courthouse in White Plains, New York, on November 21, 1980, and was prosecuted by Assistant District Attorney George Bolen. The trial lasted 14 weeks, becoming one of the longest in state history. The New York press sensationalized the trial and made Harris a household name from coast-to-coast. Harris took the stand and testified at length in her own defense, but the jury rejected her story that the shooting had been accidental and convicted her of second-degree murder after eight days of deliberations. Consequently, Harris was not legally eligible to inherit $220,000 Tarnower had bequeathed to her in his will.


title: Jean Harris

text: Harris consistently maintained that she did not intentionally kill Tarnower. Joel Aurnou later stated that he encouraged his client to plead guilty to a lesser charge, but she refused. Because the defense had gone for broke in their quest for a complete acquittal, the jury was not offered the option of finding Harris guilty of manslaughter, and the mental health professionals who tested and treated Harris were not called to testify. Judge Russell R. Leggett ordered her confined to the Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for Women in Westchester County, New York, for the minimum of 15 years to life. Numerous appeals followed the conviction, but the higher courts determined that she had received a fair trial. While serving her sentence, Harris made it her mission to improve the education of fellow inmates in her facility. She began programs in which women could work toward obtaining their GEDs or college degrees while imprisoned. She also taught a parenting class to inmates and developed the in-prison nursery for babies born to inmates.


title: Jean Harris

text: Chief Medical Examiner-Coroner for the County of Los Angeles Thomas Noguchi, along with ballistic and bloodstain expert Herbert MacDonnell, analyzed the case in Noguchi's 1985 book "Coroner at Large".


title: Jean Harris

text: In the book's chapter "For Love of Hy" both men come to the conclusion that Harris was innocent of second-degree murder, and that Harris had engaged in a struggle for the murder weapon, a pistol, with Tarnower, who was attempting to take the pistol away from Harris. Their evidence was based upon unused police photographs, and a 1984 inspection of the murder scene which had been preserved for four years.


title: Jean Harris

text: Eleven years after Harris's conviction, Governor Mario Cuomo commuted the remainder of her sentence on December 29, 1992, as she was being prepped for quadruple bypass heart surgery. She was released from prison by the parole board and initially planned to live in a cabin in New Hampshire, but later moved to the Whitney Center, a retirement home in Hamden, Connecticut.


title: Jean Harris

text: Harris died of natural causes on December 23, 2012, at an assisted-living center in New Haven, Connecticut at age 89. She was survived by her sons, David and Jimmie.


title: Jean Harris

text: Harris' story was told by Diana Trilling in the 1982 book "Mrs. Harris", and by the journalist Shana Alexander in the 1983 book "Very Much a Lady: The Untold Story of Jean Harris and Dr. Herman Tarnower".


title: Jean Harris

text: Harris' murder trial was depicted in the 1981 made-for-television movie "The People vs. Jean Harris". She was portrayed by Ellen Burstyn, who was nominated for an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award for the performance. Burstyn was later nominated for another Emmy for a cameo role as one of Tarnower's former lovers in "Mrs. Harris", a 2005 movie in which Annette Bening played Jean Harris. The 2005 film, by HBO Films, depicts Harris' relationship with Tarnower from beginning to end, including the trial. Ben Kingsley starred opposite Bening as Tarnower. Bening and Kingsley received Emmy and Golden Globe nominations for the film.


title: Jean Harris

text: In the 1995 movie "Dolores Claiborne", the journalist daughter Jennifer Jason Leigh asks her mother, Kathy Bates, why she killed her husband. The daughter then excuses herself by saying, "Don't feel too bad, Ma. I asked Jean Harris the same thing once."


title: Jean Harris

text: In the 1997 "Seinfeld" episode "The Summer of George", Raquel Welch plays herself portraying Harris in a fictional Tony Award-winning musical about the murders called "Scarsdale Surprise".


title: Jean Harris

text: The October 4, 2013, episode of the show "Deadly Women" tells Harris' story from when she met Tarnower to when she killed him. The episode is called "Vengeance".


title: Jean Harris

text: The Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, has a collection of Harris' records.


title: Jean Harris

text: Barbara Walters did several interviews with Harris over the years, on November 16, 2015, Walters aired an episode on "American Scandals" called "Jean Harris: The Headmistress Murderer".


title: Gershom

text: According to the Bible, Gershom ( "Gēršōm", "a sojourner there"; ) was the firstborn son of Moses and Zipporah. The name means "a stranger there" in Hebrew, ( "ger sham"), which the text argues was a reference to Moses' flight from Egypt. Biblical scholars regard the name as being essentially the same as "Gershon" and in the Book of Chronicles the progenitor of one of the principal Levite clans is sometimes identified as Gershom, sometimes as Gershon.


title: Gershom

text: The firstborn son of Moses by Zipporah; born in Midian. Moses’ father-in-law Jethro came to Moses in the wilderness, bringing with him Moses’ wife Zipporah and their two sons, Gershom and Eliezer. The priestly service of Gershom's descendant Jonathan on behalf of the Danites was illegal, because, although he was a Levite, he was not of Aaron's family.


title: Gershom

text: The passage in Exodus concerning Moses and Zipporah at a night camp appears to suggest that some being, possibly God or an angel, attacks either Gershom or Moses, until a circumcision is carried out by Zipporah on Gershom.


title: Gershom

text: The later Books of Chronicles identify Shebuel as a "son" of Gershom, though this is anachronistic for a literal interpretation of the bible because "Shebuel" is described as living in the time of King David. The Hebrew word for "son" can also mean descendant; for example even remote descendants of King David are in many instances identified as "So-and-so son of David" in the original Hebrew.


title: Gershom

text: Although certain passages of the Bible, which textual scholars ascribe to the Priestly Source, assert that it is only the descendants of Aaron known as Aaronim who were legitimate priests, biblical scholars believe that the priesthood was originally open to members of any tribe, and that the restriction to Aaronim was purely an Aaronim invention, opposed by authors such as the Deuteronomist. Aaronim claimed descent from Aaron – Moses' brother, and hence any immediate descendant of Moses would not count among the Aaronim.


title: Gershom

text: The possibility that the story of Micah's Idol refers to "immediate descendants of Moses being priests" is taken by biblical scholars as a demonstration that the Aaronim-only restriction was originally not present in the Israelite priesthood. One of the accounts of Micah's idol refers to a priest as being "a sojourner there" (), which could alternatively be taken as stating that the priest was indeed Gershom (). The accounts of Micah's idol also include reference to a "Jonathan son of Gershom" as being a priest, and although the Masoretic Text seems to avoid the implication that non-Aaronim could be priests by describing this particular "Gershom" as a son of "Manasseh" (), this appears to have been distorted; the letter "nun" () appears here in superscript, suggesting that the text originally described this "Gershom" as the one that was a son of "Moses" (). The rabbinic text known as the "Seder Olam" has "Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Moses" when it quotes this verse.


title: Gershom

text: The priestly/prophetic aspect remains open to discussion, God explicitly chose Aaron and his direct sons for the Tabernacle and Temple services in remembrance of Aaron's servitude to Moses all along. Aaron served his brother Moses with much devotion being metaphorically called "his prophet" from the very beginning.


title: Gershom

text: The King and the Priest/Prophet are the two head leaders in ancient hierarchy; from this viewpoint, the belief of priesthood being open to "anyone" appears unsupported. The Bible recounts very strict lineage rules for the priests, aka "the descendants of Aaron", but certain deviations from the concept are mentioned – for instance, prophets such as Samuel or Elijah performed priestly-like services in special cases. As mentioned above, it is probable that Gershom's lineage would have compelled him into the priesthood, yet it appears he performed no regular priestly services of note. In other related writings it is mentioned that God ordered Moses to pass authority unto Joshua instead of his own two stubborn sons, Gershom and Eliezer.


title: Baltic Pipe

text: The Baltic Pipe is a natural gas pipeline between Europipe II (which traverses the North Sea between Norway and Germany) and Poland. It is a strategic infrastructure project to create a new European gas supply corridor.


title: Baltic Pipe

text: The Baltic Pipe transports natural gas from the North Sea to Poland via Denmark at up to per year. The project was developed by the Danish gas and electricity transmission system operator Energinet and the Polish gas transmission system operator Gaz-System. The project is recognised as a Project of Common Interest of the European Union.


title: Baltic Pipe

text: The Baltic Pipe officially became operational on 27 September 2022, one day after a series of as of yet unexplained explosions on 26 September 2022 rendered the Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 pipelines from Russia to Germany inoperable.


title: Baltic Pipe

text: The project started in 2001, when Danish oil and gas company DONG and Polish oil and gas company PGNiG signed an agreement on construction of the pipeline and Danish gas supply to Poland. It was agreed to establish a pipeline consortium with two-thirds of the shares belonging to DONG and one-third to PGNiG with possible Statoil participation. However, shortly afterward the project was suspended, because of economic feasibility.


title: Baltic Pipe

text: The project was revived in 2007. On 2 May 2007, PGNiG and Energinet, a Danish transmission system operator, which was taken over Danish natural gas transmission network from DONG, signed an agreement to explore the possibility of constructing the Baltic Pipe. In August 2008, the Polish Government replaced PGNiG with the fully state-owned pipeline operator Gaz-System as the project partner.


title: Baltic Pipe

text: On 18 May 2009, the European Commission launched a call for proposals for grants in the framework of the European Energy Programme for Recovery. It proposed to allocate about €150 million for implementation of Skanled and Baltic Pipe projects. The European Commission provided €3.2 million for technical design of the pipeline. However, on 16 June 2009 Gaz-System suspended the implementation of the project due to the suspension of the Skanled project and a lack of natural gas demand in Poland. The project was reactivated by Poland in February 2010 after reviewing the project, to reduce its use of coal and eastern gas.


title: Baltic Pipe

text: The current project was initiated in 2016 when a new feasibility study was conducted. The project was included in the first list of projects of common interest by the European Commission in 2013, and the binding list on 18 November 2015. On 24 November 2017, it was included for the third time. In mid-2017, Energinet and Gaz-System launched the open season procedure. In January 2018, they signed 15-year capacity agreements with market participants. In 2018, public hearings took place in Denmark, Sweden, Germany and Poland. In July 2018, a €18.3 million subsidy was granted from the Connecting Europe Facility. In April 2019, €214.9 million funding was granted to the project by the European Commission.


title: Baltic Pipe

text: Between 2018 and 2020, analytical, survey and design works were carried out in order to obtain the required permits for construction and operation of the Baltic offshore pipeline.


title: Baltic Pipe

text: In 2018, 48% of electricity produced in Poland came from hard coal, 29% from brown coal, 13% from renewable sources (mostly wind power) and 7% from natural gas.


title: Baltic Pipe

text: On 3 June 2021, the Danish Environmental and Food Appeals Board announced that it had repealed a land permit issued in 2019 for Baltic Pipe. According to the appeals board, a permit for the project given by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency did not sufficiently lay out the measures that would be taken to protect dormice, Nordic birch mice and bats during construction of the 210-kilometer (130-mile) pipeline across Denmark. The decision meant that Denmark's environmental agency needed to carry out more studies.


title: Baltic Pipe

text: On 19 June 2021, the Danish Environmental Protection Agency informed that the Baltic Pipe Project can resume construction works in specific parts of the route across Denmark. It is expected that the overall project will be delayed by 3 months, but that it will be able to deliver a large part of the agreed upon capacity by October 2022 working towards delivering full capacity by the end of 2022.


title: Baltic Pipe

text: On 21 December 2021, the Danish Environmental Protection Agency began the 8 weeks long hearing period for the Baltic Pipe Environmental Impact Assessment Report and the draft hearing for the project.


title: Baltic Pipe

text: On 1 March 2022, the Danish Environmental Protection Agency has issued a new environmental permit for the Baltic Pipe gas pipeline after the original permit was repealed by the Danish Environmental and Food Appeals Board in 2021. With the new permit, Energinet can restart construction on parts of the project in the eastern part of the Jutland peninsula and on the western part of the island of Funen.


title: Baltic Pipe

text: Energinet commenced commissioning the Baltic Pipe on 27 September 2022, using parts of the existing gas transmission system in Denmark as temporary replacement for the parts that have been delayed. The entire project is expected to be operational at full annual capacity of up to by 1 January 2023. By August, the pipeline had been welded, tested and cleaned between Denmark and Poland. On 15 September, PGNiG announced that no hydrocarbons were found in the Norwegian Copernicus oil and gas field, of which they own 50%. On 23 September, PGNiG and Equinor announced a 10-year gas supply contract through Baltic Pipe at , from 2023 to 2033. The opening of Baltic Sea section took place in Szczecin, Poland on 27 September 2022, and the North Sea section opened on 1 November 2022. Full capacity was ready on 30 November 2022.


title: Baltic Pipe

text: The original submarine pipeline was to connect Faxe South in Denmark and Niechorze-Pogorzelica in Poland. The cost of building that pipeline was estimated at €335-350 million, depending on the diameter of the pipe. It was planned to be built allowing gas flows in both directions.


title: Baltic Pipe

text: At fully operational in December 2022, it has a gas transportation capacity of from Norway to Denmark and Poland, and from Poland to Denmark. The pipeline from the North Sea to Poland has a total length of .


title: Baltic Pipe

text: The Baltic Pipe has the capacity to replace the roughly 60% of Polish gas imports coming from Russia via the Yamal pipeline.


title: Jameson Taillon

text: Jameson Lee Taillon ( ; born November 18, 1991) is a Canadian-American professional baseball pitcher for the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played in MLB for the Pittsburgh Pirates and New York Yankees.


title: Jameson Taillon

text: The Pirates chose Taillon as the second overall pick in the 2010 MLB draft. He made his MLB debut in 2016. The Pirates traded Taillon to the Yankees before the 2021 season and signed with the Cubs after the 2022 season.


title: Jameson Taillon

text: Jameson Taillon was born in Lakeland, Florida to Christie and Michael Taillon on November 18, 1991. Taillon attended The Woodlands High School in Texas. He caught the attention of scouts with a 22–6 win–loss record in his high school career. He was 8–1 during his senior year and threw a 19-strikeout no-hitter against rival Conroe High School on March 23, 2010.


title: Jameson Taillon

text: Prior to the 2010 MLB draft, Fangraphs called Taillon the best high school pitching prospect since Josh Beckett (1999). "Baseball America" compared him to pitchers like Stephen Strasburg. The Pittsburgh Pirates selected Taillon with the second overall selection of the draft. He had signed a National Letter of Intent with Rice University in November 2009 posing a challenge to the Pirates in their effort to sign him. However, hours before the signing deadline, the "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette" reported that Taillon had indeed signed with the Pirates. "Baseball America"s Jim Callis reported that Taillon's deal included a $6.5 million signing bonus, the second-highest in draft history.


title: Jameson Taillon

text: Taillon made his professional debut with the West Virginia Power against the Hagerstown Suns on April 27, 2011. He joined the team on April 24 after staying in Florida for an extended spring training assignment. He spent the whole season with the Power, going 2–3 with a 3.98 earned run average (ERA) in 23 starts.


title: Jameson Taillon

text: Taillon was named to appear in the 2012 All-Star Futures Game. He began the season with the Bradenton Marauders and he was promoted to the Altoona Curve in August 2012. In his first week with the Curve, August 20–26, 2012, Taillon was named the Eastern League pitcher of the week. In 26 starts between the two teams, he was 9–8 with a 3.55 ERA.


title: Jameson Taillon

text: Prior to the 2013 season, Taillon was ranked as the 15th best prospect in baseball by MLB.com. Taillon participated in the 2013 World Baseball Classic for Team Canada, being the youngest member of the team at age 21. He began the season with Altoona and was promoted to the Indianapolis Indians in August. In 26 games (25 starts) between both clubs, Taillon compiled a 5–10 record and 3.73 ERA.


title: Jameson Taillon

text: Taillon underwent Tommy John surgery in April 2014 to repair damage to the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow in his throwing arm, costing him the 2014 season. A hernia surgery caused him to miss the 2015 season.


title: Jameson Taillon

text: Taillon returned in 2016 with the Pirates, where he made 10 starts before earning his first major league call-up. Taillon went 4–2 with a 2.04 ERA, striking out 61 in 61.2 innings and walking only 6. On June 8, Taillon was recalled to make a spot start with the Pirates, who decided to push back Francisco Liriano's start one day after they played a doubleheader the day before. Facing off against fellow 2010 first rounder Noah Syndergaard in his debut, Taillon threw 6 innings, giving up 3 runs on 6 hits, 2 walks, and 3 strikeouts, not receiving a decision in the eventual 6–5 loss. After the game, Taillon was optioned back to Triple-A, but not without receiving compliments from his manager, Clint Hurdle, on his effort, saying, "This kid's poured into everything he's done. It's been a great fight back." However, his stay in Indianapolis was very brief, as an injury to Gerrit Cole necessitated a move to bring Taillon back into the rotation. On June 14, Taillon made his second start, also against the Mets, throwing 8 scoreless innings, carrying a no-hitter into the seventh before it was broken up by Curtis Granderson, and recording his first win in the 4–0 victory. In July, he was hit in the head by a batted ball. Taillon spent the remainder of 2016 with Pittsburgh. In 18 starts, he compiled a 5–4 record and a 3.38 ERA.


title: Jameson Taillon

text: Taillon was in the Pirates' starting rotation in 2017. He was placed on the disabled list in May as he underwent surgery for testicular cancer. Taillon made his first rehabilitation start three weeks later, giving up one run in three innings. He returned to the mound for the Pirates on June 12. In 25 starts during the 2017 season, he pitched to an 8–7 record and 4.44 ERA.


title: Jameson Taillon

text: In the 2018 season, Taillon spent the entire season on the roster without being injured, pitching to a 3.20 ERA in 32 starts. He was 14–10 in 191 innings.


title: Jameson Taillon

text: In 2019, Taillon's season was cut short due to a forearm injury. He was shut down for the remainder of the season on August 2, 2019; he was 2–3 with a 4.10 ERA in 7 starts. On August 14, he underwent surgery to repair a flexor tendon as well as UCL revision. Taillon missed all of 2020 as well.


title: Jameson Taillon

text: On January 24, 2021, the Pirates traded Taillon to the New York Yankees for prospects Miguel Yajure, Roansy Contreras, Maikol Escotto, and Canaan Smith-Njigba. He was named the American League Pitcher of the Month in July, posting a 1.16 ERA. He finished the 2021 season with an 8–6 record in 29 starts with a 4.30 ERA and 140 strikeouts in innings. On June 2, 2022, Taillon pitched seven perfect innings against the Los Angeles Angels. This bid was broken up by a Jared Walsh double in the eighth inning.


title: Jameson Taillon

text: Taillon underwent surgery for testicular cancer on May 8, 2017. He had one testicle removed. As of 2019, he was cancer-free.


title: Jameson Taillon

text: Although he was born in the United States, Taillon's parents are Canadian, and he holds citizenship in both countries.


title: Rodrigo García (director)

text: Rodrigo García Barcha (born 24 August 1959) is a Colombian and Mexican television and film director, screenwriter, author and former cinematographer, best known for his films "Nine Lives" (2005), "Mother and Child" (2009), "Albert Nobbs" (2011), "Last Days in the Desert" (2015), as well as his work on the HBO drama series "In Treatment". He also created, wrote, and directed the award-winning web series "Blue" (2012–2015), starring Julia Stiles, for which he won an IAWTV Award in 2014. In 2021 García released his first memoir, A Farewell to Gabo and Mercedes: A Son's Memoir of Gabriel García Márquez and Mercedes Barcha.


title: Rodrigo García (director)

text: García was born in Bogotá, Colombia, the son of Colombian Nobel-winner writer Gabriel García Márquez and Mercedes Barcha Pardo. Because of his father, he grew up around Carlos Fuentes, Julio Cortázar, Pablo Neruda and Luis Buñuel.


title: Rodrigo García (director)

text: García has directed a variety of independent films, such as the award-winning "Nine Lives" (2005), which was nominated for the William Shatner Golden Groundhog Award for Best Underground Movie, and "Albert Nobbs" (2011), which screened at several film festivals, as well as episodes of several HBO series, including "Six Feet Under", "Carnivàle", and "Big Love". He produced and developed the HBO drama series "In Treatment".


title: Rodrigo García (director)

text: He worked as a camera operator for "Cold Heaven", "Reality Bites", "A Walk in the Clouds", "The Birdcage", "Twilight" and "Great Expectations", and as director of photography for "Gia" and "Poison Ivy".


title: Rodrigo García (director)

text: In 2012, García and Jon Avnet created WIGS, a web channel part of YouTube Original Channel Initiative that produces scripted drama mainly targeted to female audiences. For WIGS, García created, wrote and directed several web series, notably "Blue", starring Julia Stiles, for which he won an IAWTV Award for Best Director – Drama in 2014.


title: Bleach (season 13)

text: The thirteenth season of the "Bleach" anime series is based on Tite Kubo's "Bleach" manga series. It is known as the , is directed by Noriyuki Abe and produced by TV Tokyo, Dentsu, and Studio Pierrot. The anime original season focuses on an alternative set of events in which the Soul Reaper's swords, "zanpakutō", assume human forms and declare war against their wielders, led by a mysterious man named Muramasa, who is a former "zanpakutō".


title: Bleach (season 13)

text: The season aired from July 28, 2009, to April 6, 2010 on TV Tokyo. The English adaptation of the "Bleach" anime is licensed by Viz Media. The season began airing on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim on November 13, 2011 in the United States, eventually joining the lineup of the newly relaunched Toonami programming block on the same network from May 27 to August 5, 2012. Aniplex released the season in a series of nine DVD volumes, each containing the first four episodes, from May 26, 2010 to January 26, 2011.


title: Bleach (season 13)

text: The episodes use five pieces of theme music: two opening themes and three closing themes. The first opening theme, by Scandal, and the first ending theme, "Mad Surfer" by Kenichi Asai, are used for episodes 230 to 242. The second opening theme, by Porno Graffitti, and the second ending theme, by SunSet Swish, are used from episode 243 to 255. The third ending theme, by RSP is used for episodes 256 to 265.


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: Joliet Correctional Center (originally known as Illinois State Penitentiary, colloquially as Joliet Prison, Joliet Penitentiary, the Old Joliet Prison, and the Collins Street Prison) was a prison in Joliet, Illinois, United States, from 1858 to 2002. It is featured in the motion picture "The Blues Brothers" as the prison from which Jake Blues is released at the beginning of the movie (hence his nickname Joliet Jake). It is also used for the exterior shots of the Illinois "state prison" in the James Cagney film "White Heat", and the location for first season of Fox Network's "Prison Break" television show, and the movie "Let's Go to Prison". In 2018, it opened for tours.


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: Joliet Correctional Center, which was a completely separate prison from Stateville Correctional Center in nearby Crest Hill, opened in 1858. The prison was built with convict labor leased by the state to contractor Lorenzo P. Sanger and warden Samuel K. Casey. The limestone used to build the prison was quarried on the site. The first 33 inmates arrived from Alton in May 1858 to begin construction; the last prisoners were transferred in July 1860. Both criminals and prisoners of war were confined there during the Civil War. The first corrections officer to be killed there was Joseph Clark in 1865. By 1872 the population had reached 1,239, a record number for a single prison. From the 1870s the prison had work contracts with local businesses.


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: The penitentiary's original plans included a one-hundred cell "Female Cell House" located inside the male penitentiary. Female prisoners were housed adjacent to men's cells from 1859 until 1870, when they were moved to the fourth floor of the central administration building. In 1896 a separate, one-hundred cellblock "Joliet Women's Prison" was built across the street from the male penitentiary. In design it was an exact mini-replica of the male prison. In 1933 all female prisoners were moved to the Oakdale Women's Reformatory (later known as Dwight Correctional Center) and the facility was used for male prisoners.The women's prison was converted into secondary facility to house male prisoners, making Joliet Prison an all-male prison.


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: The prison was slow to modernize. There was no running water or toilets in the cells in 1910. The construction of the nearby Stateville Correctional Center began in 1917 and opened in March 1925 was meant to lead to the swift closure of Joliet. This did not happen, and both prisons operated simultaneously for the rest of the 20th Century.


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: In 1924, Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb were given life sentences to be served at Joliet (after their successful defense—from the death penalty—by Clarence Darrow). Their case was known as "the crime of the century" at the time after kidnapping and murdering Robert Franks. The duo went on to revamp the prison's educational system, adding a high school curriculum to help inmates who are seeking for a tertiary education.


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: In 1933 Lester Joseph Gillis (Baby Face Nelson) was released from Joliet Prison, and a mock-up of the foyer is shown in the 1957 movie, "Baby Face Nelson" where Gillis (played by Mickey Rooney) is seen both entering and leaving the facility with a suitcase in his hand. The name of the prison can be seen in his exit sequence.


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: From at least the early 1960s, the prison included a reception and classification center for northern Illinois, holding new prisoners for less than a month before their final assignments and processing over 20,000 a year. In addition to the prisoners temporarily held in the R&C unit, Joliet maintained a large population of permanent inmates.


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: In the late 1960's quasi-ethical hepatitis experiments at Willowbrook State School on developmentally disabled children became controversial. When these were discontinued, the US Army recruited "volunteers" at Joliet to continue the experiments. In reality, the "volunteers" were Vietnam-draft conscientious objectors, who agreed to drink feces-laden chocolate milkshakes and exposed to the feces of other inmates in an effort to mass-produce and isolate the virus that caused Hepatitis A. The Army was especially interested in Hepatitis A because it was a classic disease of overcrowding and unsanitary conditions common in prisons and military camps.


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: In 1975, members of the Almighty Black P. Stone Nation and other Chicago street gangs took over a cell block and held several corrections officers hostage. The warden at the time, Fred L. Finkbeiner, spoke to the inmates through a bullhorn and promised they would not be harmed. Their primary grievance was the fact that they were being transferred to other prisons because they had too much control over other inmates at Joliet. One former gang member, Herbert "Cadillac" Catlett, had reformed and been cooperating with the administration to bring about positive change. He tried to reason with the rioting inmates and was murdered. Warden Finkbeiner was standing in Catlett's blood as he spoke to the inmates, and the hostage situation was resolved. The warden later eulogized Catlett at an African-American church in Chicago Heights.


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: The number of inmates peaked at 1,300 in 1990 and was still 1,156 in 2000, although capacity had been raised to 1,300 over 1999–2000, from 1,180 previously. In 2000 there were 541 staff.


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: Joliet Correctional Center closed as a holding prison in 2002. Budget cuts and the obsolete and dangerous nature of the buildings were the cited reasons. All inmates and most staff were transferred to Stateville Correctional Center.


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: On May 30, 2017, one of the buildings (the mattress factory) in Joliet Correctional Center was heavily damaged by fire, the cause of which was later determined to be arson. This is the third building to be severely damaged or destroyed by fire at the facility.


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: Joliet is referred to in Edgar Lee Masters's poem "Silas Dement", part of the "Spoon River Anthology":


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: Mentioned in Kerouac's "On the Road": "To get out of the impossible complexities of Chicago traffic I took a bus to Joliet, Illinois, went by the Joliet pen, stationed myself just outside town after a walk through its leafy rickety streets behind, and pointed my way."


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: In chapter 31 of The Case of the Murderous Dr. Cream by Dean Jobb, in reference to inmate Thomas Neill Cream, admitted November 1881.


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: Memphis Minnie recorded the song "Joliet Bound" with Kansas Joe McCoy in 1932, which was most likely derived from the same source as Noah Lee's "Viola Lee Blues". Perhaps the most well-known version of the tune was by Rory Block on "When a Woman Gets the Blues".


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: Bob Dylan's "Percy's Song" tells the story of the singer's attempt to have a friend's ninety-nine year sentence in Joliet Prison commuted. The song, an outtake from the sessions that produced Dylan's album "The Times They Are a-Changin'", has been covered by Fairport Convention and Arlo Guthrie.


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: The Henningsens wrote and recorded the song "Gun", which mentions Joliet – "I'm singing solo in my cell in Joliet".


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: Folk singer Steve Goodman recorded the song "Lincoln Park Pirates" concerning an auto towing company of Chicago. The song includes the lyrics "Our drivers are friendly and courteous/ Their good manners you always will get/ 'Cause they all are recent graduates/ Of the charm school in Joliet".


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: Joliet Prison was featured in the 1980 John Landis film "The Blues Brothers" both as a filming location and as the namesake for "Joliet" Jake Blues (John Belushi).


title: Joliet Correctional Center

text: Since its closure, Joliet Prison has been used much more as a set for various film and television projects.


title: The Animals of Farthing Wood (TV series)

text: The Animals of Farthing Wood is a British animated series commissioned by the European Broadcasting Union between 1993 and 1995, and is based on the series of books written by English author Colin Dann. It was produced by Telemagination, based in London, and La Fabrique, based in Montpellier in France, but also aired in other European countries. The first countries to air the series were Norway, Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland, Italy and the United Kingdom, in January 1993.


text: On 3 October 2016, Network Distributing released all three series of "The Animals of Farthing Wood" onto a DVD box set. This was the first time that all episodes had been released in English as an official and complete set. As of 2021, it is now available for digital purchase in the UK on Amazon Prime Video.


text: The television series followed the basic plots of the series of books, although certain elements were changed.


text: The first series followed the animals of Farthing Wood, who were forced to flee their homes after humans started destroying the wood to build suburban tract houses. Led by Fox, and guided by Toad, the animals left Farthing Wood on a journey to White Deer Park, a nature reserve where they would be protected. The second and third series followed the relationships between the Farthing Wood animals, the White Deer Park animals and outsiders, particularly a blue fox named Scarface, his mate Lady Blue and cub Ranger.


text: The episodes were made in both the UK and France. Because of this, in Series 1 traffic is seen driving on the right hand carriageway of the motorway. However, they are briefly seen in Series 3 driving on the left hand side. Other than this, the location is generally kept ambiguous, apart from a brief moment in Series 2 when a gravestone is visible with French writing on it.


text: When the series aired in the United States, two versions were shown, the UK version which was shown on select television stations, and a new version released on home video titled "Journey Home: The Animals of Farthing Wood". The home video version saw some of the voices changed, for example, the role of Fox was replaced by Ralph Macchio, along with added songs as well.


text: Fox, the leader of the Animals of Farthing Wood, was voiced by Rupert Farley in the UK and Ireland version but in the US home video version he was played by Ralph Macchio.


text: Appears last on the Greatest BBC Children's Video ever along with Fireman Sam, Pingu, Spider, William's Wish Wellingtons, Clangers, Nursery Rhyme Time, Noddy's Toyland Adventures, Funnybones, Hairy Jeremy and The Little Polar Bear. It has clips from the following episodes:


text: Apart from books and videos, there was also a Farthing Wood CD-ROM game that was released in October 1996, and in the mid-1990s, a 130-part magazine for children entitled "Farthing Wood Friends" was also developed. Audio tapes recapping the first two seasons were released, with the story being told to young fox cubs by several of the cast who would also debate the events and mimic some of the other characters.


text: Watered-down versions of episode storylines were also featured as a running story in 'Farthing Wood Friends', illustrated using photographic stills from the series. Between magazine coverages of second and third series episodes, abridgements of Colin Dann's original stories were used to fill the void, entitled 'Tales From Farthing Wood'. Another book adaptation of the running story employed for series one was released by Ted Smart Publishing, with illustrations by Stuart Trotter.


text: Episode stories were also abridged for Buzz Books, Reed Children's Books' range of storybooks based on popular children's characters. The Farthing Wood stories in this range started with five books to begin with, then steadily expanded to cover the remainder of series one and series two. Illustrations were produced by William Heinemann in favour of using stills from the series.


text: Hornby, known mainly for its model railways, produced collectable figurines of the series ensemble, released in batches or 'presentation packs'. They were as follows:


text: The characters were also released in twin packs and later in the run, Hornby produced compatible play-scenes. Early in the run, almost simultaneous with the first series being shown in the UK, they released plush toys of Badger, Fox and Mole. Although these were rare finds in toyshops, they were the subject of a running promotion in 'Farthing Wood Friends', enabling readers to win them.


text: Despite the show being very popular, the series did not see any form of DVD release until 2009, with the episodes on VHS hard to find up to then (in particular the last two collections). However, there had been an increase in unofficial DVDs available on eBay.


text: Series 1 was released in Germany on 25 September 2009, Series 2 was released in Germany on 27 May 2011, and Series 3 was released in Germany on 24 February 2012. The German DVD releases offer both English and German audio options.


text: On 3 October 2016, Network released all three series of The Animals of Farthing Wood onto a DVD Box Set. This is the first time all episodes have been released in English as an official & complete set. (http://networkonair.com/shop/2553-animals-of-farthing-wood-the-the-complete-series.html) Brownee Bear Productions also own the licence for this shows. The licence was done thru agreements of the creators.


text: There are a number of differences between the books and the television series, most notably the changing of a number of characters from male to female. This included Adder, Weasel, Owl and Kestrel, who retained the markings of a male kestrel. Owl had also been known as Tawny Owl in the books. In addition to this, the books featured a family of lizards who became the newts of the television series. New characters like the Shrews, Hurkel and Measley were introduced. Plucky is also changed from being Bold's grandson to his son. There are females that are males now. They are Sinuous, The Big Owl and Hollow. The Fieldmice are now known as the Mice. Holly is now known as Hollow.


text: Minor plot changes also exist, such as the order of the pheasant's deaths, the deaths of Badger and Moley, and the motives of certain characters. Scarface has a different reason for attacking the Farthing Animals and Bold leaves the Park after an argument with his father, rather than to find a mate as he does in the books. In contrast to Badger's death, Toad and Mossy survive the television series, the former befriending Spike, the rat who killed Mossy and was killed himself by Adder in the books. The cause of Sinuous' death was also changed. Of the rats, Brat originally returned to the sewers instead of being killed by Sinuous, while Bully had his tail bitten off by Cleo rather than being killed by Vixen. Also in the end of the book Season 3 was based on, Battle for the Park, Dash is the one who tells the others that White Deer Park has merged with another reserve giving more space for the animals to live, in Season 3, it's instead Trey who tells them this.


text: Scarface and his tribe were rival red foxes in the books. His mate was not also named in the books and her personality is not so developed. Too many red foxes would have been confusing for viewers, so the animators made Scarface and his family distinguishable by making them "blue foxes" (more commonly referred to as "silver foxes", a melanistic color morph of the red fox.). Speedy was also unnamed. There are also one-episode characters that didn't appear in the books such as The Red Squirrels, Stoat and Scragg the Rat who is killed in his one-time appearance.


text: The only main plotline that is left out of the series is the plot of The Siege of White Deer Park, in which the character known as 'The Beast' (a big wild cat) attacks the park, causing further trouble for the animals' survival. The storyline of this book is presumably removed because of too much horror and peril themes and the sub-plots that occur in the book (such as Badger mistaking Mossy for Mole) are broken down into small plot changes in the other book storylines for the series.


title: Simon Merrells

text: Simon Merrells is an English film, television and stage actor best known for his portrayal of Marcus Licinius Crassus in "".


title: Simon Merrells

text: Merrells was born in London, three years before his brother Jason Merrells. He started drama school, but soon left to work as a minicab driver to fund travelling to Mexico, where he painted. He became involved in fringe theatre in Brighton, where his brother was living, when he returned to England.


title: Simon Merrells

text: Merrells appeared with his brother Jason in a production of "The Comedy of Errors" in 2007, playing twins.


title: Simon Merrells

text: Merrells has worked with director Steven Berkoff several times, first in a world tour of the play "Coriolanus". In 2009, he played Terry Malloy in "On the Waterfront", directed by Berkoff. "Variety" said that "Compact and bristling with contained energy, Simon Merrells has the right physicality to play Terry but never quite emerges from Brando’s long shadow"; "The Independent" said he "brings his own brand of studied vulnerability and sullen pride to the part".


title: Simon Merrells

text: Merrells performed as Benedick in "Much Ado About Nothing" at the Liverpool Playhouse in 2007, and starred as Oedipus in another Berkoff production at the same venue in 2011. He was nominated for a Stage Award for Best Actor for that role. Later that year he played detective Philip Marlowe in "The Big Sleep"; "The Stage" said he was "charismatic" but "a touch too suave and slick".


title: Simon Merrells

text: He has appeared on television in "London's Burning" as DSO Griggs, "Family Affairs" (as bouncer Conrad Williams), and "Merseybeat".


title: Simon Merrells

text: In 2009, Merrells had a lead role in the 2009 film, "Invisible Eyes". In 2010, he portrayed Ben Talbot, brother of Lawrence Talbot in remake of "The Wolfman". In 2013, he portrayed the Roman commander Marcus Licinius Crassus in the Starz series "". He had to undergo a strict diet and four-week fitness boot camp in preparation for the role, losing 21 lbs. Also that year, he portrayed character Mark Vega in the British horror film Judas Ghost. He also plays The Founder in the 2013 American remake of "The Tomorrow People".


title: Simon Merrells

text: In 2014, Merrells starred in a small sci-fi film named "Index Zero" as Kurt, a main character, and two films in 2015, "Billionaire Ransom" (originally titled "Take Down") and "Victrix". In 2015, Merrells guest-starred in the Syfy channel series "Dominion" as a dyad named Julian. Also in 2015 Merrells starred in a futuristic short film called The Leap as an enforcement agent whose job it is to stop people trafficking on an interplanetary scale. In 2016, Merrells was cast as Tancrede de Hautville in the History channel's series "Knightfall", which premiered in the United States in December 2017.


title: WWE NXT Level Up

text: WWE NXT Level Up, also known as NXT Level Up (stylized as NXT LVL UP), is an American professional wrestling streaming television program. It is produced by the American professional wrestling promotion WWE, featuring performers from the promotion's NXT brand division. It airs on Fridays at 10 p.m. Eastern Time on Peacock in the United States and the WWE Network internationally. The program features matches taped either before or after the preceding episode of "NXT". The show premiered on February 18, 2022, as a replacement for "205 Live".


title: WWE NXT Level Up

text: In October 2019, WWE's 205 Live brand merged under the NXT brand with the "205 Live" streaming television show becoming a supplementary show of NXT. On February 15, 2022, WWE announced that "205 Live" would be replaced by a new show called "NXT Level Up", which would stream in "205 Live"s former Friday night slot at 10 pm Eastern Time on Peacock in the United States and the WWE Network in international markets. The show premiered on February 18, 2022. The commentators for the show are Sudu Shah and Byron Saxton, and the ring announcers are Alicia Taylor and Kelly Kincaid. In the main event of the inaugural episode, Edris Enofé defeated Kushida.


title: The Legend of Korra (season 1)

text: Book One: Air is the first season of the American animated television series "The Legend of Korra" created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko. Consisting of twelve episodes (called "chapters"), it was initially intended to be a stand-alone epilogue miniseries sequel to "" before the series was expanded to an order of four seasons ("books") of fifty-two episodes ("chapters") in total. "Book One: Air" aired from April 14 to June 23, 2012, on the Nickelodeon channel in the U.S., and is broadcast in other countries beginning in June 2012.


title: The Legend of Korra (season 1)

text: "Book One: Air" follows seventeen-year-old Korra from the Southern Water Tribe, and the successor of Avatar Aang from the preceding series "", as she travels to the metropolis of Republic City to learn airbending and faces an anti-bender revolutionary group, the "Equalists", led by the masked Amon.


title: The Legend of Korra (season 1)

text: Before the series premiered on television, it was announced that the first two episodes would be pre-released online if "Korra Nation", an online social-networking platform for the show, reached 100,000 likes and shares. The goal was reached and at midnight on March 24, the first two episodes were released on a Viacom-owned website. They remained online for the duration of the weekend.


title: The Legend of Korra (season 1)

text: "Book One: Air" aired on Nickelodeon and Nickelodeon HD between April 14, 2012, and June 23, 2012. For U.S. residents, the episodes were available for free viewing on the channel's website and for purchase through digital download services. Nicktoons re-aired "Book One", with a few minutes of commentary from the series's creators during commercial breaks, from July 9 to July 20, 2012, under the name "Korra: Making of a Legend".


title: The Legend of Korra (season 1)

text: This series debuted in Canada on channel YTV on June 9, 2012, and on Nickelodeon Canada in late 2012. The series also premiered on Nickelodeon UK and Ireland on July 7, 2013.


title: The Legend of Korra (season 1)

text: The series opens introducing Korra as the Avatar and showing that she has mastered all elemental arts except airbending. Korra runs away to Republic City so that Tenzin, Avatar Aang's youngest son, can train her therein. In the metropolis, Korra clashes with police chief Lin Beifong (the daughter of Toph Beifong of the original series) after dispensing vigilante justice to the local triads. Tarrlok, an ambitious member of the city's ruling council, enlists Korra against the "Equalists", an anti-bender revolution led by the masked Amon. As Korra explores Republic City, she befriends the brothers Mako and Bolin and joins their pro-bending team, the "Fire Ferrets". The team is sponsored by Asami Sato, daughter of a wealthy industrialist, and the four together form the new "Team Avatar".


title: The Legend of Korra (season 1)

text: After Korra's appearance in the city, the Equalists become increasingly violent, climaxing in an attack on the pro-bending arena. When Tarrlok indiscriminately represses non-benders, Korra refuses to support him. In the resulting fight, Tarrlok overpowers Korra with bloodbending, an illegal form of waterbending, and kidnaps her, framing the Equalists. As Amon arrives at Tarrlok's hideout and removes Tarrlok's bending, Korra escapes, only to find Republic City facing an Equalist conquest.


title: The Legend of Korra (season 1)

text: In the two-part finale, naval reinforcements led by Iroh (the grandson of Zuko of the original series), are defeated by Equalist sea mines and biplanes. Attempting to find Amon, Korra learns that Tarrlok and Amon are the sons of Yakone, a mob boss defeated 42 years ago by Avatar Aang. Amon strips Korra of her bending abilities but Korra reveals her dormant airbending abilities in a moment of distress, exposing Amon as a waterbender and causing all his followers to desert him. He flees with Tarrlok, who detonates their boat on the open sea. Despondent, Korra establishes spiritual contact with her predecessor Aang, who restores her bending powers, allowing her to do the same to Amon's other victims.


title: The Legend of Korra (season 1)

text: "Book One" received very positive reviews from critics, with review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes calculating a 91% approval rating for the season from 11 reviews, with an average rating of 8.25/10. The website's critical consensus reads, ""The Legend of Korra" expands the world of "Avatar: The Last Airbender" with narrative substance and crisp animation -- and progresses the drama and action with a female lead."


title: The Legend of Korra (season 1)

text: Elements of the first season that received praise were the exceptional quality of the animation, the background paintings and the martial-arts action scenes, as well as the series' innovative and engrossing visual design and style. The writers were credited for finding a believable balance between magic and technology and for their mature and nuanced portrayal of romantic relationships and conflicts. Critics also praised the writers' willingness and ability to tackle difficult themes such as social unrest, terrorism, Tarrlok's murder–suicide of Amon, as well as the insinuation of Korra contemplating suicide during the season finale.


title: The Legend of Korra (season 1)

text: While "Book One: Air" was generally well received, some aspects of the writing were criticized by reviewers. In "Kotaku", Kirk Hamilton wrote that he felt that the series failed to tackle its central conflicts in a meaningful way, commenting also on the mix of comedy and drama, the many character arcs in a shorter series than "Avatar", and the neat ending. Raz Greenberg of "Strange Horizons" commented that Korra seemed as though she had things too easy in life in comparison to Aang, and also criticized the show's rapid pacing. Max Nicholson of "IGN" praised the series' writing, animation, humor, setting, and characters, and wrote that elements characterized as a "deus ex machina" had been foreshadowed throughout. But in his opinion, the love triangle arc between Mako, Asami, and Korra fell flat and the pro-bending arc felt superfluous, although it led up to the conflict with Amon. He also considered that Mako, although a major character, felt underwritten. Lauren Davis of "io9", while approving of the character arcs and the setting, was also disappointed about the series' pacing.


title: The Legend of Korra (season 1)

text: The initial airings of "Book One: Air", excluding reruns and digital downloads, drew an average of 3.7 million viewers per episode.


title: The Legend of Korra (season 1)

text: An art book published by Dark Horse Comics, "The Legend of Korra – Book One: Air – The Art of the Animated Series" was released in July 2013. Edited by Dave Marshall and written by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, the art book collects concept art, sketches, storyboards, background paintings, model sheets and other development art from "Book One", together with the creators' and artists' comments on the development process. "Culture Mass" praised the book as "meticulously executed and impressively comprehensive".


title: The Legend of Korra (season 1)

text: "Book One: Air" of "The Legend of Korra" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 9 July 2013. It contains audio commentary from the creators, the cast and crew. Both versions are to contain, as a special feature, a comical interview with the series' characters in puppet form. The Blu-ray version comprises, additionally, audio commentaries for all episodes as well as the extra "Series creators' Favorite Scenes: Eight Animatics".


title: The Legend of Korra (season 1)

text: "Book One: Air" was adapted as two novels by Erica David, aimed at readers aged twelve and up. The novelizations were published by Random House in 2013:


title: The Legend of Korra (season 1)

text: "The Legend of Korra" is set to music by "The Track Team", the partnership of composers Jeremy Zuckerman and Benjamin Wynn. They jointly wrote the music for "Avatar: The Last Airbender", but split their roles for "The Legend of Korra": Zuckerman composed the music and Wynn was responsible for the sound design.


title: The Legend of Korra (season 1)

text: Bryan Konietzko and Mike DiMartino's concept for the score was to blend traditional Chinese music with early jazz. On that basis, Zuckerman and Wynn composed a score combining elements of Dixieland, traditional Chinese music and Western orchestration, performed mainly by a string sextet and various Chinese solo instruments.


title: The Legend of Korra (season 1)

text: A soundtrack CD, "The Legend of Korra: Original Music from Book One", was released on July 16, 2013. It features 26 instrumental tracks. Konietzko wrote that the album release required "an incredibly frustrating wait and battle" to overcome "a bureaucratic impasse". He wished for the record to be commercially successful to convince Nickelodeon to release an "Avatar: The Last Airbender" soundtrack, a subject of many fan petitions. The day after its release, the album was the bestselling soundtrack album and no. 5 in the pop sales rankings at the online retailer Amazon.com.


title: The Simpsons (season 31)

text: The thirty-first season of the animated television series "The Simpsons" premiered on Fox in the United States on September 29, 2019, and ended on May 17, 2020. Al Jean continues as showrunner, a position he has held since the thirteenth season. Matt Selman also contributed as showrunner for the episodes "Go Big or Go Homer", "Livin La Pura Vida", "Thanksgiving of Horror", "The Miseducation of Lisa Simpson", "Bart the Bad Guy", "Highway to Well" and "The Hateful Eight-Year-Olds".


title: The Simpsons (season 31)

text: This season features the first scripts credited to writers Max Cohn and Elisabeth Kiernan Averick. Comedian and writer Pete Holmes also both wrote and guest-starred in the two-part "Warrin' Priests" episodes, making him the third freelance writer to do so after Ricky Gervais and Seth Rogen. While in "Warrin' Priests" Holmes plays the character of Bode, he had previously guest-starred in season 30 premiere "Bart's Not Dead" as a different character. The episode "The Incredible Lightness of Being a Baby" was delayed from the previous season, with the original intent to air it instead of "I'm Just a Girl Who Can't Say D'oh" on April 7, 2019. The episode was put on hold after the show's producers decided to make a short film related to the episode involving Maggie and another baby named Hudson titled "Playdate with Destiny" as well. The short film premiered on February 29, 2020, attached to advanced screenings of the Disney/Pixar release "Onward" with "The Incredible Lightness of Being a Baby" serving as a sequel to it.


title: The Simpsons (season 31)

text: In April 2020, the show joined the rest of Fox's Animation Domination lineup in a partnership with Caffeine for the "AniDom Beyond Show", a recap show hosted by Andy Richter. The hour-long program featured interviews with guests and live interactivity with fans online, with recaps for the episodes that aired through April and May. "The Simpsons" episode aired on April 26 featuring Al Jean, cast member Yeardley Smith and writer and guest star Pete Holmes. On May 18, Matt Selman joined the show with other writers from the Fox Animation Domination lineup.


title: The Simpsons (season 31)

text: Parts of this season were produced and aired during the COVID-19 pandemic, which delayed or canceled the production of many television productions, but as an animated production, this took less of a toll on the show than most live-action ones. Executive producer James L. Brooks encouraged the staff to begin working from their homes in early March 2020, before California's stay-at-home order was declared. In an interview with "The Hollywood Reporter" in late March 2020, Al Jean stated, "Production hasn't skipped a day or lost a beat. We intend to do the 22 shows we were contracted to do... There's been no change in how we do things."


title: The Simpsons (season 31)

text: It is the last season to feature the voice talents of recurring co-star Russi Taylor who died on July 26, 2019, and had been with the show since the first season voicing characters such as Martin Prince, Sherri and Terri and Üter Zörker. Taylor's characters were adopted during this season's production cycle by voice actress Grey DeLisle starting with the episode "Marge the Lumberjill", though the last episode to feature Taylor would be "Thanksgiving of Horror" which aired afterwards due to being part of the prior season's production run. Several recurring guests made return appearances, including four stints from Joe Mantegna reprising his role of mobster Fat Tony, four different roles from Dawnn Lewis, Natasha Lyonne voicing Krusty's daughter Sophie again, Glenn Close as Homer's mother Mona Simpson, Kelsey Grammer as Sideshow Bob, Jon Lovitz as Artie Ziff, and Werner Herzog and Michael York as new characters Dr. Lund and Clayton respectively.


title: The Simpsons (season 31)

text: The season features guest appearances from John Mulaney, Michael Rapaport, Jason Momoa, Bob Odenkirk, Jane Goodall, Asia Kate Dillon, Fortune Feimster, Scott Bakula, Steve Ballmer, Zach Woods, Beanie Feldstein, Ed "Too Tall" Jones, Jim Parsons, Taran Killam, Dr. Drew Pinsky, Billy Porter, Kevin Smith, Joey King, Lilly Singh and Cate Blanchett. "Black Mirror" creator Charlie Brooker has a cameo in a referential segment of "Thanksgiving of Horror" while the episode "Bart the Bad Guy" features Marvel Cinematic Universe producers Kevin Feige and the Russo Brothers in parody roles, along with Maria Hill actress Cobie Smulders. "The Hateful Eight-Year-Olds" features "Riverdale" stars Camila Mendes, Madelaine Petsch and Lili Reinhart playing three girls who bully Lisa.


title: The Simpsons (season 31)

text: Also in "The Hateful Eight-Year-Olds", members of the band Weezer voiced the members of cover band Sailor's Delight, performed the main theme song at the end of the episode as themselves and also debuted their song "Blue Dream" within the episode. Musician Jill Sobule wrote and performed an original song for the episode "Marge the Lumberjill" and John Legend also performed an original song for "The Miseducation of Lisa Simpson" while guest-starring with his wife Chrissy Teigen.


title: The Simpsons (season 31)

text: In early December 2019, it was announced that three episodes had been nominated for for the 72nd Writers Guild of America Awards, resulting in "The Simpsons" having the most nominations overall that year. The writers and episodes nominated were John Frink for "Go Big or Go, Homer," Brian Kelley for "Livin' La Pura Vida" and Dan Vebber for "Thanksgiving of Horror" and on February 1, 2020, it was announced that Vebber and "Thanksgiving of Horror" had won.


title: The Simpsons (season 31)

text: Only a few days after the WGA nominees were listed, the show also received a nomination for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Animated Series, but lost to "Bojack Horseman" when winners were announced at the 10th Critics' Choice Television Awards on January 12, 2020.


title: The Simpsons (season 31)

text: On July 28, 2020, it was announced the show had received three nominations for the 72nd Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards. "Thanksgiving of Horror" was nominated for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program, while both Nancy Cartwright and Hank Azaria were up for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance. Cartwright was nominated for playing Bart Simpson, Nelson Muntz, Ralph Wiggum and Todd Flanders for the episode "Better Off Ned" and Azaria for his roles of Professor Frink, Moe Szyslak, Chief Wiggum, Carl Carlson, Cletus Spuckler, Kirk Van Houten and Captain McCallister in "Frinkcoin". On September 19, 2020 it was announced however that "Rick and Morty" won the award for Outstanding Animated Program, while Maya Rudolph picked up the voice-acting award for her work in "Big Mouth".


title: The Simpsons (season 31)

text: It was during the run of this season that longtime voice actor Hank Azaria announced that he was officially stepping down from voicing Apu Nahasapeemapetilon, a character he had played since the episode "The Telltale Head" from the first season. The character and Azaria's portrayal of him had come under scrutiny since the release of Hari Kondabolu's 2017 documentary "The Problem with Apu". Apu's portrayal came under scrutiny again when the Simpsons staff referenced the criticism as being too politically correct in the season 29 episode "No Good Read Goes Unpunished" which resulted in backlash from some people concerned about the issue who felt that the response was immature. Azaria said that it was a mutual decision made between himself and the senior staff, stating, "all we know there is I won't be doing the voice anymore unless there's some way to transition it or something."


title: SUSE

text: SUSE ( , ) is a German-based multinational open-source software company that develops and sells Linux products to business customers. Founded in 1992, it was the first company to market Linux for enterprise. It is the developer of SUSE Linux Enterprise and the primary sponsor of the community-supported openSUSE Linux distribution project. While the openSUSE "Tumbleweed" variation is an upstream distribution for both the "Leap" variation and SUSE Linux Enterprise distribution, its branded "Leap" variation is part of a direct upgrade path to the enterprise version, which effectively makes openSUSE Leap a non-commercial version of its enterprise product.


title: SUSE

text: In July 2018, Micro Focus International, SUSE's parent company since 2014, announced its plan to sell the business unit to a subsidiary of EQT Partners in the first quarter of calendar year 2019. This acquisition was completed on 15 March 2019, making SUSE a standalone business. Under new ownership, their legal name is SUSE Software Solutions Germany GmbH.


title: SUSE

text: On 2 September 1992, Roland Dyroff, Burchard Steinbild, Hubert Mantel and Thomas Fehr founded the Software and Systems Development Corporation (). The name S.u.S.E. was an acronym for "Software- und System-Entwicklung" (Software and Systems Development). The name alludes to the inventor of the first computer, Konrad Zuse. The first Linux product sold was an extension of the Linux distribution Slackware, which was delivered on 40 floppy disks. The company translated the distribution in cooperation with the Slackware founder Patrick Volkerding into German. While the core of the distribution remained Slackware, in May 1996, S.u.S.E. released its first own distribution based on the Jurix distribution published by Florian La Roche.


title: SUSE

text: In 1997, S.u.S.E. opened an office in Oakland, California, and in 1998, moved the corporate office from Fürth to Nuremberg. In December 1998, the name was changed from S.u.S.E. to SuSE. In the following years, SUSE opened a total of six national and four international (USA, Czech Republic, Great Britain and Italy) branches. On 25 November 2002, Richard Seibt became CEO. In Hong Kong, SUSE's products are distributed by TriTech Distribution Limited.


title: SUSE

text: On 4 November 2003, Novell announced the acquisition of SuSE Linux AG at a price of . Novell had been migrating away from the NetWare kernel and used this acquisition as a migration path for its customers. The acquisition was completed on 13 January 2004, and the name was changed from SuSE Linux AG to a Novell, Inc. subsidiary under the name SuSE Linux GmbH and SUSE Linux Products GmbH. SUSE Linux Products GmbH was entirely responsible for the development of the SUSE Linux distribution and was led by Markus Rex. During the transfer, both the partner and the sales organizations were integrated into Novell. Richard Seibt became CEO of Novell EMEA and left on 9 May 2005.


title: SUSE

text: In August 2005, the openSUSE community project launched to open up the development of SUSE Linux for external users and developers. SUSE Linux Enterprise has since been developed using the openSUSE community.


title: SUSE

text: Novell was in turn acquired by The Attachmate Group on 27 April 2011. Under its new owner, SUSE remained a separate company. By June 2012, many former SUSE engineers who had been laid off during Novell's ownership had been brought back.


title: SUSE

text: On 20 November 2014, The Attachmate Group and Micro Focus International finalized their merger, making Micro Focus International SUSE's new parent company. SUSE operates as a semi-autonomous business unit within the Micro Focus Group, with former president Nils Brauckmann promoted to CEO and member of the Micro Focus Group board.


title: SUSE

text: On 9 November 2016, SUSE announced the acquisition of assets relating to the OpenAttic storage management assets from the German IT firm it-novum. OpenAttic was integrated into SUSE Enterprise Storage as a graphical tool to manage and monitor Ceph-based storage clusters.


title: SUSE

text: On 9 March 2017, SUSE announced the completion of its acquisition of assets relating to the OpenStack and Cloud Foundry products from Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE). Development teams and code related to those products were to be used to expand SUSE's IaaS and PaaS capabilities. As part of the agreement, HPE was given the option to OEM those products to produce their Helion OpenStack and Stackato products.


title: SUSE

text: On 2 July 2018, Micro Focus announced that it would sell its SUSE business segment to Blitz 18-679 GmbH, a newly-created subsidiary of EQT Partners, for $2.535 billion. On 15 March 2019, SUSE announced the completion of the acquisition. "Blitz 18-679 GmbH" later adopted the name "Marcel BidCo GmbH" and is currently an ultimate parent of "SUSE Software Solutions Germany GmbH", which continued operations of "SUSE LINUX GmbH", a company dissolved on 28 August 2019.


title: SUSE

text: On 8 July 2020, SUSE announced its definitive agreement to acquire Rancher Labs, which provides a Kubernetes management platform. The acquisition closed on 1 December 2020, at which time Rancher CEO and cofounder Sheng Liang became SUSE's President of Engineering and Innovation.


title: SUSE

text: Early in 2021 sources indicated that SUSE was preparing for an IPO before summer with a projected value of 7-8 billion euros.


title: SUSE

text: On May 19, 2021, SUSE went public at Frankfurt Stock Exchange at an original issue price of 30 euros, with EQT Partners retaining 75.7 percent. The headquarters of the newly formed SUSE S.A. was set to Luxembourg. Nuremberg remained the largest software development office though.


title: SUSE

text: On 28 October 2021, SUSE announced that it had acquired NeuVector, Inc., a provider of full lifecycle container security, for $130 million in cash and stock.


title: SUSE

text: Starting with the launch of the SUSE Linux Enterprise 10 platform in July 2006, the SUSE Linux Enterprise 10 platform was the basis for both the server and desktop, with an almost identical code base.


title: SUSE

text: The primary server Linux distribution from SUSE is SUSE Linux Enterprise Server ("SLES") targeted to large organizations for physical, virtual and cloud workloads. All versions are available for multiple processor architectures, including Intel x86, ARM, AMD x86-64, IBM Power, IBM S/390 and z Systems, and Intel Itanium. SLES is available in both on-demand and bring-your-own-subscription ("BYOS") images on Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure, and Google Compute Engine.


title: SUSE

text: SUSE Linux Enterprise Server has several optimized editions created in the context of the respective partnerships. These editions are derived from the base Server product:


title: 12 O'Clock High (TV series)

text: 12 O'Clock High is an American military drama television series set in World War II. It was originally broadcast on ABC-TV for two-and-one-half TV seasons from September 1964 through January 1967 and was based on the 1949 film of the same name. The series was a co-production of 20th Century Fox Television (Fox had also produced the movie) and QM Productions (one of their few non-law enforcement series). This show is one of the two QM shows not to display a copyright notice at the beginning, but rather at the end (the other was "A Man Called Sloane") and the only one not to display the standard "A QM Production" closing card on the closing credits.


title: 12 O'Clock High (TV series)

text: The series follows the missions of the fictitious 918th Bombardment Group (Heavy) of the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF), equipped with B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers, stationed at Archbury Field, England (a fictitious air base). For the first season, many of the characters from the book and 1949 movie were retained, including Brigadier General Frank Savage, Major Harvey Stovall, Major Cobb, Doc Kaiser, and General Pritchard, albeit played by different actors from in the motion picture. In addition to these characters, several other infrequently reappearing characters were introduced, including Captain (later Colonel) Joseph "Joe" Gallagher, who appeared in two episodes (episodes 1 and 24) as well as being the central character for seasons 2 and 3.


title: 12 O'Clock High (TV series)

text: At the end of the first season, the studio executives decided a younger-looking lead actor was needed. In the first episode of the second season, General Savage, played by Robert Lansing, was killed in action and replaced by Colonel Joe Gallagher, played by Paul Burke. (Burke, though considered more youthful-looking than Lansing, was actually two years older, a fact that TV critics were quick to point out.) The decision to replace Lansing with Burke proved unpopular and the ratings began to drop quickly.


title: 12 O'Clock High (TV series)

text: The character Joe Gallagher's father was Lt. General Maxwell Gallagher, played by Barry Sullivan. Burke and Sullivan had previously worked together in the TV series "Harbormaster". In an interview given by Lansing on "The Mike Douglas Show" in 1965, Lansing mentioned that had he known what a boost to his career "12 O'Clock High" was, he never would have fired himself. Savage was killed off in a way so as not to require Lansing's participation. According to "TV Guide", ABC moved the show from a 10:00 pm Friday time slot to a 7:30 pm Monday time slot for the second season to capture a younger audience. It was hoped that TV viewers would identify more with a colonel rather than an Army Air Corps general. Lansing, had he remained, would have received limited air time with Burke's addition.


title: 12 O'Clock High (TV series)

text: For the second season, most of the supporting cast from the first season was replaced, with the exception of Major Stovall, Doc Kaiser, and an occasional appearance by General Pritchard. Other actors who did reappear after the first season played other characters. Edward Mulhare appeared twice – as different Luftwaffe officers. Bruce Dern appeared four times as three different characters. Tom Skerritt appeared five times, each time in a different role.