title: Neville Neville

text: Neville died on 7 August 2015 in Sydney at the age of 65, following a heart attack. He took ill while in Australia to support his daughter Tracey, England's netball coach, during the World Cup. Manchester United players wore black armbands during their game against Tottenham Hotspur on 8 August 2015 while the England netball team observed a minute's silence prior to their Third Place match, which they won. Neville's funeral took place on 27 August 2015 in Bury.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf (born Henry Joseph Nasiff Jr.; April 20, 1962 – September 4, 2001) was an American entertainer. He appeared numerous times on "The Howard Stern Show" and on the televised studio segments which aired on the E! channel. He was a member of the show's Wack Pack. Hank's career began August 16, 1996, when he entered Stern's studio at radio station WXRK (K-Rock) in New York City. He was tall and weighed .


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: Hank received widespread media coverage in 1998 when he won a "People" magazine online poll asking the public to vote for the most beautiful person in the world as part of the run-up promotion for the magazine's "50 Most Beautiful People" issue. When the public was given the option to submit a write-in candidate, the magazine had not counted on 230,169 votes for Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf—beating out assorted celebrities by a wide margin. In third place was Leonardo DiCaprio, with 14,471 votes. In the early years of public participation on the Internet, media critics responded by wondering whether this was evidence of an emerging digital democracy.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: Henry Joseph Nasiff Jr. was born on April 20, 1962, in Fall River, Massachusetts. He was diagnosed with achondroplasia dwarfism a week after he was born. His mother, Claudette, taught him from a young age that he could do whatever he set his mind to do, and Hank learned to ride a bike and participated in Little League Baseball for several seasons. When Hank was twelve he had an operation on his legs to straighten them. Although doctors had said that he would eventually require more surgery, Hank put off doing it and ultimately opted to not undergo another operation.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: Before being associated with the Howard Stern Show, Hank had a bit part in an ongoing performance of "Finnegans Wake" at a Boston dinner theater. Hank played a character who would pop up out of a beer keg at the end of each performance. He was paid $50 to say four lines of dialogue. The gig lasted two years.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: Hank met Howard Stern on August 16, 1996, after driving to New York City with a friend from the Boston dinner theatre. After a night of drinking, Hank was waiting outside the K-Rock studios in Manhattan at 5:30am. He never had a doubt that he would make it onto the air. Stern's producer Gary Dell'Abate recalled arriving at work and encountering an obviously intoxicated dwarf who aggressively demanded that he be permitted to meet Stern:


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: There was a dwarf standing there, and I remember he was wearing a Hawaiian shirt and one of those Hawaiian leis. And he had a vodka bottle in his hand... and he was drunk beyond belief. And it really was like a gift for our show. It was like a gift fell out of the sky. He could go to , he could go to Letterman, he could go to all those shows, and they'd have him arrested. And I said 'Howard, I just walked in and there's a drunken dwarf wearing a Hawaiian lei, with a vodka bottle.' And [Howard] said, 'Bring him in "immediately".' He really found the right place.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: Hank's first appearance that day included reading a series of one-sentence jabs against various groups and ethnicities which he had scrawled on a piece of paper the night before.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: Hank asserted from his first on-air conversation with Stern that he be referred to as a dwarf and not a midget, and was quick to correct anyone who violated this rule, viewing it as an issue of respect. The name of Hank's character came about spontaneously during his first appearance. During that day's show, Howard Stern commented: "I've always wanted an angry, drunken dwarf on my program and now I've got one". A short time later he added, "Isn't this great? An angry dwarf, an angry drunken dwarf. Everything I've ever dreamed about."


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: From his first appearance until his death five years later, Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf became a popular character on the show. Never afraid to express himself, Hank would come across completely unguarded. In terms of being belligerent, Hank's manager Doug Z. Goodstein explained that this tended to only occur when Hank was really drunk and people would heckle him. He described Hank "as a relatively soft-spoken polite guy who quite often had a big smile on his face." Behind Hank's public persona, an underlying "good nature" tended to shine through, which fans seemed to recognize. During the first few years, Hank would take the bus from Boston each month as soon as he got his SSI disability check. Hank was a member of the show's Wack Pack and soon attracted a large informal fan base.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: Hank was not paid for his appearances on Howard Stern, but he said sometimes they would "slip [him] a little under the table." Adding, "What do I need money for anyway? People fight to buy me drinks."


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: In May 1998, "People Magazine" conducted an online poll on their website asking the public to vote to determine the "Most Beautiful People" in the world as part of the promotion for their annual Spring issue. The film "Titanic" had been released the previous winter, and had a prominent position in American popular culture. There were indications that "People's" editors simply assumed that the film's leading star, Leonardo DiCaprio, would automatically garner the most votes.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: The magazine also allowed readers to submit a write-in candidate. The suggestion to vote for Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf started on a Stern fan website and was discussed on message boards, and Howard Stern mentioned it on air a few times. Word started to spread and votes for Hank started coming into "People" Online at a rate of fifty per minute. The voting lasted a week, and by that Wednesday Hank had garnered 50,000 votes as a write-in candidate.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: The following Tuesday, the official poll results were posted and Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf had won by a landslide with 230,169 votes. DiCaprio's final tally was 14,471 votes (third place). In second-place was another write-in candidate, professional wrestler Ric Flair, with 17,145 votes. The executive editor of "People" was none too thrilled with the poll's outcome, stating, "Frankly, I think it's stupid."


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: When "People's" "50 Most Beautiful People" issue was released, DiCaprio appeared on the cover. (The magazine photographed Hank so that he was mentioned on their website along with the more famous runners-up).


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: Details of what had happened with the poll were picked up by various media; as one writer explained, "Voting for Hank offered people a chance to violate "People's" expectations while still playing by its rules". Some observers concluded that the reaction by the public to vote for Hank was a veiled commentary on how the media assumes that the masses are easily manipulated into liking what is marketed to them. The "New York Times" quoted a participant in the poll as stating, "The 'media' tells us what food to eat, what movies to see, what music to listen to, who to vote for politically and what kind of people are attractive enough to have relationships with!...Voting for 'Hank the Dwarf' is a reflection of how the people really feel about media!"


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: And some saw it as public recognition of Hank's "inner beauty." Hank himself often wondered what it all meant.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: Whenever Hank appeared on the Stern Show inevitably he would be carrying a green plastic bottle of Sprite or some other soda mixed with vodka. He explained that it was so he could drink during the bus commute from Boston without getting hassled.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: Hank would don a costume for some appearances, such as when he was an angel with wings and a halo; a leprechaun; or dressed as Superman.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: On March 4, 1998, Hank dressed in a pink rabbit suit, took a succession of phone calls from Stern listeners, sang karaoke to Led Zeppelin songs, and blew a .375 on a breathalyzer test.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: After the publicity generated by the online poll, Hank started appearing more often on the Stern Show. In June 1998, Hank was followed by the cameras of "E! Entertainment Television" as he was given a make-over. Hank had his 1970s-era hair cut at a salon; had a manicure; received an eye exam and new glasses; got fitted for a tuxedo; and was supposed to have his teeth cleaned at a dentist, but was too inebriated.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: One of the producers from "E!" started managing Hank, and soon he was being offered various paying gigs to make appearances at bachelor parties, bars, strip clubs, etc. His manager related in an interview that "Hank was diligent in finding out every fine detail about his appearances and treated them with the utmost professionalism." Hank would be hired to sing karaoke, bartend, or hurl insults. He also started merchandising a line of T-shirts and key chains. Hank, once dependent on disability checks, was now making $5,000–7,000 per month. He had bought himself a new stereo, and was most excited about almost being out of credit card debt.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: When Hank was asked if he wasn't worried that he was being exploited he replied: "No, and even If I am I don't care, I'm making money."


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: In 1999 Hank was hired by Interplay Entertainment to promote the developer's upcoming video game "Messiah". Hank donned an angel costume and wandered the streets of various cities with a sign promoting the game. Several videos of these public events were eventually released as commercials to advertise the game.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: On November 29, 2000, Hank again dressed up in his iconic bunny costume and was sent by Stern to disrupt extreme performer David Blaine during his Frozen in Time stunt. Speaking remotely through a portable microphone connection, Stern initially wanted Hank to urinate on the statue or streak by it. Not wanting to be incarcerated, Hank refused and instead gave Blaine the middle finger.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: trivia, especially 1960s–70s rock music. In what many fans consider to be one of his most memorable appearances, on April 25, 2001, Hank competed against Stern producer Gary Dell'Abate in a rock music trivia contest (Dell'Abate was scheduled to be a contestant on VH1's "Rock & Roll Jeopardy!"). Despite being so inebriated that it was difficult for him to sit fully upright in his chair, Hank easily won the contest. Among the questions that Hank answered correctly included, "Who played keyboards on 'Let It Be'?"; and "Which group sang the song, 'Green-Eyed Lady'?" After the match was over, Hank insisted on lying down in the studio and passed out for several minutes. The segment was televised on the "Howard Stern Show" on E!, and has since aired on "Howard TV" on demand. During a later Stern show, Hank also competed against Sugar Ray lead singer Mark McGrath in a rock trivia contest, which Hank also won.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: Hank was friends with actor Billy Barty and had auditioned for a part in the 1988 movie "Willow" in which Barty had a role as a benevolent wizard, but Hank did not get the part. Because of his friendship with Barty, Hank raised money every year for the Billy Barty Foundation to Benefit Little People.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: Hank made at least one appearance on WWF "Raw is War" on May 25, 1998 being presenting by The Jackyl as Oddites; and starred in a local commercial selling used cars.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: In 2000, Hank had a supporting actor role in the film "Shoe Shine Boys" playing a mustached felon named Leo Henry Williams. Actor Martin Landau saw the film and was so impressed with Hank's performance that he arranged a meeting and met Hank. (the film's title was later changed to "Prank").


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: Hank would occasionally cut down on his drinking. During a Stern Show segment in August 1999 in which Howie Mandel was the guest, Hank explained that when he reduced his intake of alcohol it precipitated him to go into a seizure during an appearance in California.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: In a documentary short that profiled Hank, his mother related how doctors had told her that Hank's liver was damaged, and that she didn't know how long he had to live, and that she "didn't know what to do." Hank had been in rehab before, as well as court-mandated detox, and it had never worked. Once Hank was even kicked out of Alcoholics Anonymous because he brought a bottle of MD 20/20 to a meeting and started drinking it five seconds after the meeting started. Regarding trying to get Hank help for his alcoholism, Howard Stern explained, "People always asked me if we tried to get him to stop drinking, and I said all the time we did..." Stern also related that there were employees of the show who tried to get Hank into programs.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: Hank had related that he first tried alcohol when his grandfather had given him a taste of blackberry brandy when he was around seven or eight years old (his grandfather died when Hank was eight).


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: Although the schtick of Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf was that Hank drank because he was angry about being a dwarf, Hank had actually experienced significant trauma in his life as a child. On his first appearance on the Stern Show he related how he had been sexually abused by a male when he was seven years old (Hank explained that it was someone unrelated to him). Later, during another Stern appearance, when asked further about the incident, Hank said that the abuse was in the form of rape. As he got older he said that he almost took out lethal revenge against the perpetrator. When Hank reached adolescence, particularly around the age of fourteen, his drinking started to pick up, and he slowly started "to build up a tolerance".


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: On the afternoon of September 4, 2001, Hank died in his sleep at the home he shared with his parents in Fall River. His mother discovered that he had died when she went to wake him. He was 39 years old. His death certificate listed his immediate cause of death as a seizure disorder, with ethanol abuse and chondrodystrophy as contributing factors. Hank is buried at the Notre Dame Cemetery in Fall River, Massachusetts. The next day, Howard Stern devoted most of the show to Hank.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: Hank's mother, Claudette, called into the Stern Show on September 10, 2001, to publicly thank everyone who attended Hank's funeral and wake. She also thanked everyone who emailed and sent their condolences. She told an anecdote about how someone in the family had put a can of beer in Hank's casket. She said that "someone else slipped a bottle of Jack Daniel's in under Hank's coat." She ultimately left the items in the casket because she said that's what Hank would have wanted.


title: Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf

text: Talk of Hank's death in the media was cut short by the events of 9/11. Early in the 8 o'clock hour of the Stern Show on 9/11, Stern was interviewing an executive from the E! channel who said that they were going to produce an "E! True Hollywood Story" about Hank and that Hank actually had quite a few friends in the entertainment industry. (The first plane crashed into the World Trade Center at 8:46am.)


title: Timeline of LGBT history in the United Kingdom

text: Following the war, moral attitudes to prostitution and homosexuality rapidly changed. The Anglican Public Morality Council declared that the police were once again 'conducting a campaign against this deplorable (homosexual sex) offences'. In London, gay men in Piccadilly and Leicester Square were targeted and anyone caught charged with being "concerned together in committing an act of gross indecency"


text: Throughout the cold war atmosphere of the 1950s, when witch hunts later called the Lavender Scare were ruining the lives of many gay men and lesbian women in the United States, the parallel political atmosphere in Britain was virulently anti-homosexual. The then Home Secretary, Sir David Maxwell Fyfe, had promised "a new drive against male vice" that would "rid England of this plague." As many as 1,000 men were locked up in Britain's prisons every year amid a widespread police clampdown on homosexual offences. Undercover officers acting as ""agents provocateurs"" would pose as gay men soliciting in public places. The prevailing mood was one of barely concealed paranoia.


title: Lee Dae-hwi

text: Lee Dae-hwi (Hangul: 이대휘, born January 29, 2001), better known mononymously as Daehwi, is a South Korean singer-songwriter, producer and television personality. He is a member of South Korean boy group AB6IX, and is known for his participation in the reality competition show "Produce 101 Season 2", where he finished in third place overall and became a member of the boy group Wanna One. As the group promoted for a year and a half, it achieved both critical and commercial success with all four of its albums topping South Korea's Gaon Album Chart and all five of its lead singles ranking in the top three of South Korea's Gaon Digital Chart. He released the song "Candle" with Park Woo-jin which reached number 60 on the Gaon Single Chart. In addition to singing and writing songs for various artists, he guest hosted and then became the permanent host for the long-time running variety show "M Countdown".


title: Lee Dae-hwi

text: Lee Dae-hwi was born in Seoul, South Korea. His father passed away when he was six years old due to liver cirrhosis. He had lived in Osaka, Japan, for two years and Los Angeles, United States, for six years. He started his path as an idol after he passed the JYP Entertainment's Global Audition in the United States to begin his trainee life in South Korea in 2015. Around late 2016 he got accepted in Brand New Music through audition. In 2019, he graduated from School of Performing Arts Seoul as a Department of Stage Arts major. He currently attends Global Cyber University as a Broadcasting and Entertainment major.


title: Lee Dae-hwi

text: In 2017, Lee participated in "Produce 101 Season 2", a reality competition show broadcast on Mnet which produces a boy band from a field of 101 contestants. Lee became the first center performer for the program's promotional theme song, "Pick Me". He participated on the program along with Brand New Music representative trainees Park Woo-jin, Im Young-min and Kim Dong-hyun. In the finale, he finished in third place with 1,102,005 votes, securing him a spot as a member of the boy band which was named Wanna One.


title: Lee Dae-hwi

text: Wanna One debuted at the Wanna One Premier Show-Con on August 7, 2017, at the Gocheok Sky Dome with the mini-album "1×1=1 (To Be One)". He went on to represent the group in several appearances on variety shows such as "Saturday Night Live Korea", "Wednesday Food Talk", "Amazing Saturday", "Produce 48", "Visiting Tutor" and "King of Masked Singer".


title: Lee Dae-hwi

text: He also continued to promote with Wanna One, including as a part of Wanna One's unit The Heal, as a duo with fellow member Ong Seong-wu. He participated as a lyricist of the unit's song, "Sandglass", which is produced by Heize.


title: Lee Dae-hwi

text: In 2018, Lee was involved in several prominent solo activities as an emcee. He was part of Global MC Crew on "M Countdown", a music program on Mnet. He has also participated as a special emcee on music programs such as Inkigayo, M Countdown in Thailand, and the music festival KCON 2017–2018 during its stops in Los Angeles, Australia, Japan, New York, and Thailand.


title: Lee Dae-hwi

text: Lee has also composed and produced songs for the "Produce 101" shows. During the first evaluation of the "Produce 101 Season 2" program, he performed his own composed song, titled "Hollywood". After his debut in Wanna One, Lee had been actively released his own songs under his label, Brand New Music. His first released song under the label was "Good Day" which was included in MXM's first digital single.


title: Lee Dae-hwi

text: In 2018, Lee participated in the Mnet competition program "Produce 48" as one of producer for the Concept songs, which was titled "See You Again". His other composed songs for his labelmates includes "Remember Me" by Kang Min-hee, "Wish You Love Me" and "Dawn", which was included on the MXM's first album "More Than Ever".


title: Lee Dae-hwi

text: In January 2019, Lee collaborated with fellow labelmate Park Woo-jin and released a single titled "Candle". The song reached number 60 on the Gaon Single Chart. Lee also joined Brand New Music's boy band AB6IX, which debuted in May.


title: Lee Dae-hwi

text: Lee wrote the song "Slow" for Yoon Ji-sung's debut album "Aside", the song "Young20" for Park Ji-hoon, and the song "Airplane" from Iz*One's second mini album "Heart*Iz".


title: Lee Dae-hwi

text: In April 2019, he and Han Hyun-min became official permanent co-hosts on "M Countdown". His final broadcast as MC for the show was in February 2021.


title: Lee Dae-hwi

text: Lee is set to make his acting debut as the male lead Dong Jin-woo in SBS’s mobile platform Mobidic short drama called "Mon Chouchou Global House". The drama will begin filming in August and premiere in October.


title: Lee Dae-hwi

text: On December 16, 2020 it was confirmed that Lee would be producing songs for Mnet's audition show "CAP-TEEN."


title: Lee Dae-hwi

text: Daehwi participated in the music competition show "Listen Up", competing against producers from across the K-pop industry. In the finale, on October 8th, 2022 it was announced he had finished the show in 1st place.


title: Lee Dae-hwi

text: In April 2019, Lee was selected for his first solo endorsement deal as a campaign model of Coca-Cola Korea beverage brand, Fanta pineapple flavor.


title: Clive Mantle

text: Clive Andrew Mantle (born 3 June 1957) is an English actor. He played general surgeon Mike Barratt in the BBC hospital drama series "Casualty" and "Holby City" in the 1990s, and Little John in the 1980s fantasy series "Robin of Sherwood". He returned to "Casualty" in 2016 as Mike Barratt for the show's 30th anniversary.


title: Clive Mantle

text: Mantle was educated at Kimbolton School, Cambridgeshire between 1970 and 1975 and at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) between 1978 and 1980. He appeared in 11 productions of the National Youth Theatre in five seasons between 1974 and 1978, and began carving a successful career as a stage actor in the 1980s, alongside various television roles. In 1984 he was nominated for an Olivier Award and was joint Best Newcomer in the Plays and Players Awards for his performance as Lennie in "Of Mice and Men". That year he was cast as Little John in "Robin of Sherwood", a role which he considers the most enjoyable of his career and which has remained one of his best-known roles. He was to appear as the first Nuclear Man in "" in 1987, but his scenes were cut from the film; they were later included with other deleted scenes when the film was released on DVD. After playing several minor roles in other Hollywood films such as "White Hunter Black Heart" (1990) and "Alien 3" (1992), Mantle was cast as consultant Dr Mike Barratt in "Casualty", becoming one of its most popular characters. He left "Casualty" in 1996 after appearing in 85 episodes between October 1992 and November 1996, but after struggling with his acting career, he returned to the role in 1999 in "Holby City", and appeared in another 32 episodes until 2001.


title: Clive Mantle

text: On stage, Mantle has appeared in plays such as "Coming Clean", "A Streetcar Named Desire", and "Educating Rita", and has continued his successful stage career since departing from "Holby City". In 2003 he appeared in "Rattle of a Simple Man"; in 2006 he played the part of The Narrator in "The Rocky Horror Show"; and over the Christmas and New Year period of 2007–2008, he portrayed the villain Abanazer in a pantomime production of "Aladdin" at the Theatre Royal in Bath. In 2010 he portrayed comedian Tommy Cooper in the stage entertainment show "Jus' Like That! A Night Out with Tommy Cooper"; it was one of his most challenging roles, due to the various skills the performance required. More recently, Mantle has become known for his roles on television as Lord Greatjon Umber in HBO's "Game of Thrones" and as Tony Curry, Ollie's (Will Mellor's) father, in the BBC's "White Van Man".


title: Clive Mantle

text: Mantle was born in Barnet, Hertfordshire, in 1957. He was the cousin of John Hallam and was a keen supporter of Chelsea Football Club from a young age. Mantle studied at the boarding school Kimbolton School in Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire between 1970 and 1975, and was a chorister in the Choir of St John's College, Cambridge for four years. He first worked on a farm in Cambridgeshire during his studies and soon became interested in theatre. He appeared in 11 productions of the National Youth Theatre in five seasons between 1974 and 1978.


title: Clive Mantle

text: As a student, Mantle lived in a basement flat in Islington. He trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) between 1978 and 1980, where he initially found his towering height of 6' 5½" (1.97 m) to be a hindrance to the sort of roles he could convincingly perform in his acting. He said that he was discouraged early on by people who said, "You'll never work, you're too tall to be an actor."


title: Clive Mantle

text: In 1980, Mantle debuted on the screen with a small role as Ewen in Christian Marnham's short thriller feature "The Orchard End Murder". In 1981, he appeared in the national tours of "The Ideal Gnome Expedition" for David Wood's Whirligig Theatre and Deborah Warner's play, "Woyzeck", which showed at the University Theatre during the Edinburgh Festival. In 1982, he appeared in an episode of the TV series "Minder", before taking on the voice of Private Smith in the animated military comedy series "Jane". From 3 November 1982, Mantle portrayed Jurgen opposite Eamon Boland, C. J. Allen, Philip Donaghy and Ian McCurrach in David Hayman's award-winning stage production of "Coming Clean" at the Bush Theatre in London.


title: Clive Mantle

text: In 1983, Mantle was cast in the fantasy series "Robin of Sherwood" as "Little John", a legendary fellow outlaw of Robin Hood, who was said to be Robin's chief lieutenant and second-in-command of the Merry Men, in a cast which included Michael Praed as "Robin Hood", Peter Llewellyn Williams as "Much", Ray Winstone as "Will Scarlet", and Judi Trott as "Maid Marian". Footage for the series was shot in rural Somerset and Wiltshire, with the Saxon Tithe Barn in Bradford-on Avon functioning as the great hall of Nottingham Castle, Great Chalfield Manor near Melksham doubling as Maid Marion's family home, and numerous battles were shot at Leaford Grange and Nettleton Mill near Castle Combe, locations which Mantle considered to be "wonderfully realised and breathtaking".


title: Clive Mantle

text: The waterfall scene for the quarterstaff battle between Robin and Little John in the first episode "Robin Hood and the Sorcerer" was shot at Bowood House. Helen Phillips said of his performance as Little John, "excellently played by Clive Mantle, the series' John at first appears to conform to a, by then, well-established stereotype." Mantle has said of his role: It is the job I've enjoyed doing more than anything else on TV. I have the greatest memories of beautiful, halcyon days-out filming on location and we had such a great, fun crew working on the show. We still get together once a year. Not just the cast but also the directors, producer, props guys, it's like a family! I think the key to part of the series' success was that this great camaraderie came across on screen.


title: Clive Mantle

text: In 1984, he was nominated for an Olivier Award and was joint Best Newcomer in the Plays and Players Awards for his performance as Lennie in "Of Mice and Men". Following the success of the play, it was transferred from the Nuffield Theatre in Southampton to the Mermaid Theatre in London. He went on to tour extensively as Lennie in "Of Mice and Men", and has appeared in six different productions of the play. He also played Little John in the theatrical production of "Robin Hood" at the Young Vic Theatre; and Mitch in Tim Albery's production of "A Streetcar Named Desire" at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield. Other theatrical credits include "The Relapse"; "The Red Devil Battery Sign"; "King John"; "Johnny Johnson"; "The Ideal Gnome Expedition"; "East"; "Blood on the Neck of the Cat" and "Bedroom Farce". He has also appeared as the guest star at the Wyndham's Theatre and Theatre Royal Bath, in the award-winning production of "The Play What I Wrote". Also in 1984, Mantle was one of four in the live BBC radio comedy show "In One Ear". with Nick Wilton, Helen Lederer and Steve Brown. He transferred to TV with a version of it in 1987 called "Hello Mum" which was also live.


title: Clive Mantle

text: In 1986, Mantle replaced Alan Rickman as Achilles in Howard Davies's Royal Shakespeare Company production of "Troilus and Cressida" at the Barbican Theatre in London. "London Theatre Record" said that Mantle "gives a curious performance: virtually a mirror-image of Ajax in his nasal, bovine stolidity." He continued with minor screen roles as a ruffian on a bus in Ronald Neame's film "Foreign Body" and as "Big Ben" Davis in "Dempsey and Makepeace" in 1986. He was to appear as the first Nuclear Man in "" (1987), but the role was left on the cutting room floor. Some of his deleted footage from "Superman IV" was released on DVD in a Special Edition as part of "Superman Ultimate Collector's Edition" in November 2006. The footage was included as "Additional Scenes" but was not re-incorporated into the main feature. In 1987–1998 he appeared in two episodes of "Smith & Jones", and in 1989 played a policeman in the TV series "The Return of Shelley" and had a small role as Johnny Ladder in the Menahem Golan-directed film "Mack the Knife", a 19th-century set crime comedy which starred Raúl Juliá, Richard Harris, and Julia Migenes in the leading roles. He also appeared in the radio plays "Farewell, My Lovely"; "Frozen Assets"; and "The Rise and Fall of the Romanov Autocracy".


title: Clive Mantle

text: In 1990, Mantle had a small role as an electricity meter reader in the "One Foot in the Grave" episode "The Return of the Speckled Band", and played Harry, a man who "gave Clint Eastwood a pounding" in "White Hunter Black Heart". In 1991, Mantle played an irate husband whose wife is chatted up by Richie (Rik Mayall) in the first episode of "Bottom", "Smells", and also had a role as a police inspector in an episode of "Drop the Dead Donkey". In 1991–92 he played Dave in Sandi Toksvig's "The Pocket Dream" at the Nottingham Playhouse and Albery Theatre in London. In 1992 he played a minor character as a bald monk in the film "Alien 3", in which he had to shave his head for the role. In applying for the film, Mantle sent off photographs of himself from a RADA play he had once starred in, sporting a similar shaven look. In an interview at the time, he spoke of his role in "Alien 3":


title: Clive Mantle

text: I'm playing a heinous criminal. In fact, there are about 12 or 15 of us, the last remaining prisoners on a prison asteroid, which is hurtling through space. It was a hard labour prison, which is about the best place to send all your hardened, nastiest pieces of work. We're not nice people.


title: Clive Mantle

text: Mantle is best known for his long stint as general surgeon Dr Mike Barratt in 85 episodes of the TV series "Casualty" from October 1992 to November 1996, and 32 episodes of "Holby City" between 1999 and 2001. He previously appeared in "Casualty" as the brother of a patient in 1988. Mantle received much acclaim for his role and was one of the show's most popular characters. He was praised for being entirely convincing as a hospital consultant and very dominant and authoritative in his role, "shouting orders in incomprehensible hospital-speak." "Daily Mirror" described him as a "heart-throb consultant" and said that the role brought him "an army of female fans". A 2001 poll by the Scottish "Sunday Mail" voted him 7th on a list of Top "10 heart-throb docs on the box" in a list which included the likes of George Clooney and Goran Višnjić. Mantle has said that during his role as the doctor he received a lot of fan mail, some of which were medically related and asking for his advice, believing him to be a real doctor, but professed that he couldn't even stand the sight of real blood. He has said, "It's funny because people always treat me like a doctor. Not a day goes by without someone coming up to me and asking me for advice." In 1996, he turned down an offer of £250,000 to continue playing the character, and last appeared in "Casualty" in November 1996. He said of his departure:


title: Clive Mantle

text: I've had a great time, but I'm frightened that, if I stick around too long, I'll end up unable to do anything else. It's not about money, it's about doing other things and not wanting Mike to pale into insignificance.


title: Clive Mantle

text: In 1995, Mantle was honoured with a surprise "This Is Your Life" edition, presented by Michael Aspel; the title theme drew upon the "Robin of Sherwood", after his role as Little John. During the life tribute, Mantle met his heroes from Worcestershire County Cricket Club, and the Chelsea FA Cup winners from 1970.


title: Clive Mantle

text: In 1994 he played a prophet in "Jo Brand Through the Cakehole", and in 1995 he performed on stage as Frank in "Educating Rita", a No.1 National Tour. In 1996 he visited Ghana on an eight-day tour for the charity Save The Children. Mantle was a friend of Jill Dando, and played the prosecuting barrister in a TV dramatisation of the trial of Barry George in a "Tonight With Trevor McDonald" special, "Nothing But The Truth".


title: Clive Mantle

text: In 1997, Mantle was cast opposite Sarah Lancashire as Jack Deakin in the comedy series "Bloomin' Marvellous", written by playwright John Godber, described as "a comedy about a couple who decide to start a family." The series was panned by most critics, and Mantle sarcastically remarked that "I've seen murderers and rapists get a better press than we did."


title: Clive Mantle

text: In 1998, he appeared in Stephen Daldry's production of "The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists" at the Liverpool Playhouse and the Theatre Royal Stratford East theatres. In 1998-9 he portrayed Simon Horton, younger brother of David Horton in the British sitcom "The Vicar of Dibley" for two episodes; Stevyn Colgan said that his imposing height was "used to great comic effect" in this role when he became the love interest of 5' 0" (1.52 m) tall Reverend Geraldine Granger (Dawn French). From March 1999, Mantle played Victor in Jan Sargent's production of "The Price" at the Bristol Old Vic. Ian Shuttleworth of the "Financial Times" describes Mantle's Victor as a character who "sacrificed a promising academic career in science to become a cop on the beat simply in order to keep his shattered father" and said that "Clive Mantle expresses his obstinacy through gritted teeth and cold, civil smiles rather than letting it loose", also remarking that both he and his wife Esther (played by Susan Wooldridge) seemed several years too young for their roles.


title: Clive Mantle

text: In May 1999, Mantle, a cricket fan, agreed to participate in a celebrity international cricket tournament with the likes of Caprice Bourret, Rory Bremner, Ainsley Harriott, Lawrence Dallaglio, Lesley Garrett, Barry Norman, and Robbie Earle, and played Sri Lanka on 14 May 1999.


title: Clive Mantle

text: After experiencing mixed fortunes in his acting career after leaving "Casualty", Mantle agreed to return to the role as Dr Mike Barratt in "Holby City" in 1999. Claire Stoker of "Liverpool Echo" said that "Clive will always be the best consultant Holby had ever had." Mantle finally left his role in "Holby City" after 32 episodes in 2001. That year, Mantle participated in a charity trek of the Annapurna circuit in the Himalayas and to Everest Base Camp, reaching 18,420 ft in aid of Hope and Homes for Children. In 2002, Mantle appeared in an episode of "Heartbeat". He played a character called Vinny Sanders


title: Clive Mantle

text: In 2003, Mantle played Maynard in Ben Bolt's TV movie, "Second Nature", which starred Alec Baldwin in the leading role, and appeared in the first episode of the series "Fortysomething". He portrayed Percy, described as a "big, bashful Northern mill-worker who lives with his mum", in Patrick Sanford's stage production of "Rattle of a Simple Man" at the Clwyd Theatr Cymru in Mold, Flintshire. Gail Cooper of the "Western Mail" praised his performance and said: Mantle, better known as dishy and confident consultant Mike Barrett in "Casualty", is cast completely against type as Percy, the 42-year-old virgin who admits to being only 35. His body language is superb: awkward, self-effacing, obsessively tidy – "Coronation Street" fans should think Roy Cropper if they want to imagine the sort of man Percy is. In 2003, Mantle began filming "The Bingo Club", one of five specially commissioned one-hour plays which were screened in January 2004 on BBC1. Co-starring Paula Wilcox and John McArdle, "The Bingo Tales" relates the story of three women facing romantic hardship and growing old. During production, Mantle fell on his face while shooting a fencing scene and was rushed to Selly Oak Hospital with a ruptured ligament in his leg.


title: Clive Mantle

text: In 2004, Mantle appeared in an episode of "The Afternoon Play", and in 2005 appeared in John Putch's two-part TV movie "The Poseidon Adventure", opposite Adam Baldwin, Steve Guttenberg and Rutger Hauer. He also appeared in an episode of "Doctors". In 2006, he guest-starred in the "Doctor Who" audio drama "The Settling" by Big Finish Productions, and had a role in Simon Shore's TV movie about a boy with autism, "After Thomas", He toured as "The Narrator" in "The Rocky Horror Show", and also played Brauner opposite Robin Hood's Michael Praed in Haymarket Productions's National Tour of Brian Stewart's "Killing Castro". The play was performed at the Festival Theatre in Malvern in June 2006, and was described by the "Birmingham Mail" as an "acclaimed comedy" which "chronicles the more bizarre of America's attempts to kill the Cuban leader Fidel Castro – including filling his shoes with poison and inventing an exploding cigar."


title: Clive Mantle

text: Over the Christmas and New Year period of 2007 and 2008, Mantle portrayed the villain Abanazer in a pantomime production of "Aladdin" at the Theatre Royal in Bath, described as an attempt by a theatre spokesman for Mantle to "throw off his gentle giant persona and transform himself into a classic panto baddie for the audience to boo and hiss wildly." He performed in 64 shows over the duration of five and a half weeks. In 2008, he appeared in an episode of "The Invisibles", opposite Anthony Head, Warren Clarke and Jenny Agutter. In 2009, Mantle had minor roles in Lucy Akhurst's Morris dancing comedy "" and in the Thaddeus O'Sullivan historical biopic of Sir Winston Churchill, "Into the Storm", co-starring Iain Glen, Brendan Gleeson, and James D'Arcy.


title: Clive Mantle

text: In 2010, Mantle portrayed Tommy Cooper in the successful stage entertainment show "Jus' Like That! A Night Out With Tommy Cooper", which appeared at the Edinburgh Festival. To train for the role, Mantle mastered many of Cooper's magic tricks, studying under Geoffrey Durham for several months. Mantle was thrilled to take on the role as Cooper is his ultimate comic hero, saying "It's such a big privilege playing Tommy – I genuinely love the man. He is one of the funniest comedians this country has ever produced. So this whole tour for me is just an immense thrill." Mantle considered the role highly challenging, given that he had to combine several aspects of skill, from the magic tricks to the joke-telling, the physical comedy, and emulating the distinctive voice.


title: Clive Mantle

text: Some people initially questioned the suitability of Mantle for the character, given that he was well known for playing a solemn doctor in "Casualty", but he and the play were warmly received by critics. "South Wales Echo" called it a "compelling, funny and moving play" and said "Clive, best known for his role as Dr Mike Barratt in Casualty, has had to get used to wearing a fez and conjuring up some magic for his title role of Jus' Like That! A Night Out With Tommy Cooper."


title: Clive Mantle

text: In 2011 he took a supporting role in the TV series "White Van Man" as Tony Curry, father of the central character, Ollie "Rogan" Josh Curry, played by Will Mellor. He also has an ongoing role in HBO's "Game of Thrones" as Lord Greatjon Umber, a close ally of Robb Stark, and has provided the voice to the audio editions of Andy McNab's Nick Stone thrillers. In 2012, Mantle appeared in the "Sherlock" episode "The Hounds of Baskerville" as Dr Frankland.


title: Clive Mantle

text: In 2013, Mantle performed in the black comedy "The Ladykillers", playing the part of Major Courtney. He was forced to withdraw from the touring production in March 2013 after he was attacked at the Travelodge hotel in Newcastle. On the night of Saturday 23 March, he became involved in a brawl after asking a group of fellow guests to keep the noise down, during which part of his right ear was bitten off. He had to have emergency surgery at the Royal Victoria Infirmary hospital to have it sewn back on. A 32-year-old man from Hamilton, South Lanarkshire was charged over the incident and appeared before a magistrate in April 2013, and another man was released on bail in connection to the incident; a third man has been released without charge. In June 2014 the two accused were found not guilty of all charges.


title: Clive Mantle

text: In 2014 Mantle supplied the voice of Gator in the eighteenth season of the British children's television series "Thomas & Friends" as well as its sixth CGI animated film "Tale of the Brave". He voiced Gator in both British and American dubbed versions.


title: Wacław Kiełtyka

text: Wacław "Vogg" Kiełtyka (born 17 December 1981) is a Polish musician, best known as the guitarist of the death metal band Decapitated. In addition to Decapitated, Wacław has been the guitarist of Lux Occulta since 1998, as well as a former member of the Krakow group Sceptic. He also worked with the death metal band Vader. He is a graduate of musical school in the first and second degree, and attended the Academy of Music in Kraków as an accordionist.


title: Wacław Kiełtyka

text: Kiełtyka auditioned for second guitarist of Morbid Angel after the departure of Erik Rutan in 2006. Before joining Vader in 2009, Kiełtyka was a music store salesman. He also worked as a guitar technician for the band Hypocrisy.


title: Wacław Kiełtyka

text: In September 2019, Kiełtyka was named as the new Machine Head lead guitarist in a post on the band's Facebook page by founding member Robb Flynn.


title: Wacław Kiełtyka

text: On 9 September 2017, all four members of Decapitated (Michal Łysejko, Kiełtyka, Rafał Piotrowski and Hubert Więcek) were arrested in Santa Ana, California after a show, and were charged with first-degree kidnapping in relation to an incident alleged to have happened after the band's show at Spokane, Washington's The Pin on 31 August 2017. Prior to the arrest, the band members had offered to surrender to the police as soon as they had learned of an investigation, but never heard anything back.


title: Wacław Kiełtyka

text: During the alleged incident, two women were held in the band's tour bus against their will. Of the two women, one was able to escape. The other informed police that each member of the band raped her on the bus.


title: Wacław Kiełtyka

text: After being extracted to Spokane, each band member was formally charged with rape in October 2017. Piotrowski and Kiełtyka were both charged with second degree rape, while Łysejko and Więcek's charges were for third degree rape. This was in contrast to earlier reports, which had depicted Piotrowski and Więcek as the primary aggressors. Kiełtyka was represented by defense attorney Steve Graham. All members of the band plead not guilty to their respective criminal charges.


title: Wacław Kiełtyka

text: Later in October the band was released from jail, with each member paying $100,000 in bail and being required to surrender their passports.


title: Wacław Kiełtyka

text: Charges were dropped by prosecutors in January 2018, citing the "well-being of the victim" and "in the interest of justice", and the scheduled trial later that month was cancelled. The charges were dropped without prejudice, leaving the possibility of future charges open. According to Piotrowski's attorney Jeffry Finer, the accuser was heavily involved in the decision to drop charges. The defence attorneys also highlighted testimonies from numerous concert attendees and musicians from other bands in support of the band's version of events.


title: Wacław Kiełtyka

text: In March 2018, Kiełtyka wrote a lengthy statement on behalf of the band where he announced the band's return and addressed the band's hiatus from music resulting from the criminal charges. Decrying the accusations made against the band as false, he wrote, "Does sexual harassment happen and do crimes against women exist? Yes, and it is horrible. Do false accusations happen? Yes, this really happens. And it is also horrible. (...) We cannot and we will never accept someone else's narration about who we are. That is why we have chosen to return with the band. We know who we are and we can hold our heads and our music high with that knowledge."


title: Anton Rodgers

text: Anthony "Anton" Rodgers (10 January 1933 – 1 December 2007) was an English actor and occasional director. He performed on stage, in film, in television dramas and sitcoms. He starred in several sitcoms, including "Fresh Fields" (ITV, 1984–86), its sequel "French Fields" (ITV, 1989–91), and "May to December" (BBC, 1989–94).


title: Anton Rodgers

text: Rodgers was born in Ealing, the son of William Robert Rodgers and Leonore Victoria (née Wood). His early education was at Westminster City School. The family were evacuated to Wisbech, Isle of Ely during the war, where his father worked for Balding and Mansell, printers of ration books, permits and passes; Rodgers was sometimes erroneously reported as having been born in Wisbech. Later he was educated at the Italia Conti Academy and LAMDA. He appeared on stage from the age of 14. He was known for his television performances, specifically his long-running roles in the television sitcoms "Fresh Fields" in the 1980s and "May to December" from 1989 to 1994.


title: Anton Rodgers

text: He also had a long career both on stage and in film. His stage roles ranged from contemporary comedy and satirical farce to Restoration comedy, Ibsen, Shaw and Wilde and Peter Nichols. He appeared in films such as "The Man Who Haunted Himself" (1970), "Scrooge" (1970, in which he performed the Academy Award-nominated Best Original Song "Thank You Very Much"), "The Day of the Jackal" (1973), and "The Fourth Protocol" (1987). He also narrated the children's animated TV series "Old Bear Stories" and appeared as Andre, the comically corrupt French policeman who aided Michael Caine in his romantic/financial schemes in "Dirty Rotten Scoundrels."


title: Anton Rodgers

text: He narrated programmes for the railway video production company Video 125, including "Cornish Branchlines: A Drivers Eye View".


title: Anton Rodgers

text: Rodgers first married Morna Watson, a ballet dancer, in Kensington in 1959, and they had a son and a daughter and later divorced. Rodgers's second wife was the actress Elizabeth Garvie; they frequently appeared on stage together and toured giving readings from the works of Jane Austen and Robert Browning, among others.


title: Anton Rodgers

text: Rodgers died in Reading, Berkshire on 1 December 2007, aged 74. At the time of his death, he was a resident of Whitchurch-on-Thames, Oxfordshire.


title: Anton Rodgers

text: Rodgers made his first West End appearance in 1947, aged 14, in "Carmen" at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. He followed this in same year with a tour of an adaptation of Charles Dickens' "Great Expectations" playing Pip, and the title role in a revival of Terence Rattigan's "The Winslow Boy" which toured the UK in 1948. After repertory experience at Birmingham, Northampton and Hornchurch, he trained at LAMDA.


title: Anton Rodgers

text: Returning to London in November 1957 he joined the cast of "The Boy Friend" at Wyndham's Theatre. Thereafter his credits include:


title: Lavochkin La-7

text: The Lavochkin La-7 () was a piston-engined single-seat Soviet fighter aircraft developed during World War II by the Lavochkin Design Bureau. It was a development and refinement of the Lavochkin La-5, and the last in a family of aircraft that had begun with the LaGG-1 in 1938. Its first flight was in early 1944 and it entered service with the Soviet Air Forces later in the year. A small batch of La-7s was given to the Czechoslovak Air Force the following year, but it was otherwise not exported. Armed with two or three cannon, it had a top speed of . The La-7 was felt by its pilots to be at least the equal of any German piston-engined fighter. It was phased out in 1947 by the Soviet Air Force, but served until 1950 with the Czechoslovak Air Force.


title: Lavochkin La-7

text: By 1943, the La-5 had become a mainstay of the Soviet Air Forces, yet both its head designer, Semyon Lavochkin, as well as the engineers at the Central Aerohydrodynamics Institute (), felt that it could be improved upon. "TsAGI" refined earlier studies of aerodynamic improvements to the La-5 airframe in mid-1943 and modified La-5FN c/n 39210206 to evaluate the changes. These included complete sealing of the engine cowling, rearrangement of the wing center section to accommodate the oil cooler and the relocation of the engine air intake from the top of the cowling to the bottom to improve the pilot's view.


title: Lavochkin La-7

text: The aircraft was evaluated between December 1943 and February 1944 and proved to have exceptional performance. Using the same engine as the standard La-5FN c/n 39210206 had a top speed of at a height of , some faster than the production La-5FN. It took 5.2 minutes to climb to . It was faster at low to medium altitudes than the La-5 that used the more powerful prototype Shvetsov M-71 engine.


title: Lavochkin La-7

text: Lavochkin had been monitoring "TsAGI"s improvements and began construction in January 1944 of an improved version of the La-5 that incorporated them as well as lighter, but stronger, metal wing spars to save weight. The La-5, as well as its predecessors, had been built mostly of wood to conserve strategic materials such as aircraft alloys. With Soviet strategists now confident that supplies of these alloys were unlikely to become a problem, Lavochkin was now able to replace some wooden parts with alloy components. In addition Lavochkin made a number of other changes that differed from c/n 39210206. The engine air intake was moved from the bottom of the engine cowling to the wing roots, the wing/fuselage fillets were streamlined, each engine cylinder was provided with its own exhaust pipe, the engine cowling covers were reduced in number, a rollbar was added to the cockpit, longer shock struts were fitted for the main landing gear while that for the tail wheel was shortened, an improved PB-1B(V) gunsight was installed, and a new VISh-105V-4 propeller was fitted. Three prototype Berezin B-20 autocannon were mounted in the engine cowling, firing through the propeller, arming the 1944 standard-setter (), as the modified aircraft was named.


title: Lavochkin La-7

text: The "etalon" only made nine test flights in February and March 1944 before testing had to be suspended after two engine failures, but quickly proved itself to be the near-equal of c/n 39210206. It was lighter than the earlier aircraft, which allowed the "etalon" to out-climb the other aircraft (4.45 minutes against 5.2 minutes climb to 5,000 meters). It was slower at sea level, but only slower at . The flight tests validated Lavochkin's modifications and it was ordered into production under the designation of La-7, although the B-20 cannon were not yet ready for production and the production La-7 retained the two 20-mm ShVAK cannon armament of the La-5.


title: Lavochkin La-7

text: Five La-7s were built in March by Factory () Nr. 381 in Moscow and three of these were accepted by the Air Force that same month. The Moscow factory was the fastest to complete transition over to La-7 production and the last La-5FN was built there in May 1944. "Zavod" Nr. 21 in Gorky was considerably slower to make the change as it did not exhaust its stock of wooden La-5 wings until October. The quality of the early production aircraft was significantly less than the "etalon" due to issues with the engine, incomplete sealing of the cowling and fuselage, and defective propellers. One such aircraft was tested, after these problems had been fixed, by the Flight Research Institute () and proved to be only slower than the "etalon" at altitude. Aircraft from both factories were evaluated in September by the Air Force Scientific Test Institute () and the problems persisted as the aircraft could only reach at a height of and had a time to altitude of 5.1 minutes to 5,000 meters.


title: Lavochkin La-7

text: Combat trials began in mid-September 1944 and were generally very positive. However four aircraft were lost to engine failures and the engines suffered from numerous lesser problems, despite its satisfactory service in the La-5FN. One cause was the lower position of the engine air intakes in the wing roots of the La-7 which caused the engine to ingest sand and dust. One batch of flawed wings was built and caused six accidents, four of them fatal, in October which caused the fighter to be grounded until the cause was determined to be a defect in the wing spar.


title: Lavochkin La-7

text: Production of the first aircraft fitted with three B-20 cannon began in January 1945 when 74 were delivered. These aircraft were heavier than those aircraft with the two ShVAK guns, but the level speed was slightly improved over the original aircraft. However, the time to climb to 5000 meters increased by two-tenths of a second over the older model. More than 2000 aircraft were delivered before the war's end, most by Zavod Nr. 21. A total of 5,753 aircraft had been built by "Zavod" Nr. 21, Nr. 381, and Nr. 99 in Ulan-Ude, when production ended in early 1946.


title: Lavochkin La-7

text: The 63rd Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (GIAP) began combat trials of the La-7 in mid-September 1944 in support of the 1st Baltic Front. Thirty aircraft were provided for the trials, which lasted one month. During this time the new fighters made 462 individual sorties and claimed 55 aerial victories while losing four aircraft in combat. Four other La-7s were lost to non-combat causes, mostly related to engine problems. A total of three pilots were killed during the trials to all causes.


title: Lavochkin La-7

text: 63rd GIAP regimental commander Colonel Yevgeny Gorbatyuk, a Hero of the Soviet Union, commented: "The La-7 exhibited unquestionable advantages over German aircraft in multiple air combats. In addition to fighter tasks, photo reconnaissance and bombing were undertaken with success. The aircraft surpasses the La-5FN in speed, manoeuvrability, and, especially, in the landing characteristics. It requires changes in its armament, and urgent fixing of its engine." The twin ShVAK armament inherited from the La-5 was no longer powerful enough to bring down later, more heavily armored German fighters, especially the Focke-Wulf Fw 190, in a single burst, even when Soviet pilots opened fire at ranges of only .


title: Lavochkin La-7

text: The 156th Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 4th Air Army was the next unit to receive the La-7 in October 1944. At one point during the month, they had fourteen aircraft simultaneously unserviceable with engine failures. By 1 January 1945 there were 398 La-7s in front-line service of which 107 were unserviceable. By 9 May 1945 this had increased to 967 aircraft, of which only 169 were unserviceable. For the invasion of Japanese Manchuria, 313 La-7s were assigned and only 28 of these were unserviceable on 9 August 1945.


title: Lavochkin La-7

text: The La-7 was flown by the top Soviet ace of the war, Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub and was successfully used by him to down an Me-262 jet fighter, one of the few such shoot downs of the war. Kozhedub, a three-time Hero of Soviet Union, scored his last 17 air victories in 1945 in the La-7 numbered 27, which is now preserved in the Central Air Force Museum at Monino on the outskirts of Moscow.


title: Lavochkin La-7

text: One fighter regiment of the 1st Czechoslovak Composite Aviation Division was later equipped with the La-7 after participating in the Slovak National Uprising of August–October 1944 with La-5FN. A total of 56 aircraft were delivered and equipped the 1st and 2nd Fighter Regiments. The bulk of the aircraft, however, were delivered in 1945 and saw no combat during the war. It remained in service with the Czechoslovaks until 1950 and was designated postwar by them as the S-97. One of these aircraft survives in the Prague Aviation Museum, Kbely. Despite reports to the contrary, no La-7s were ever sold or transferred to the People's Republic of China or North Korea. Such reports arose from misidentification by Western pilots of the La-9s or La-11s that were given to those countries.


title: Lavochkin La-7

text: The British test pilot, Eric Brown, was given the chance to fly an La-7 at the former "Erprobungsstelle Tarnewitz" Luftwaffe aircraft test station on the Baltic coast, shortly after the German surrender in May 1945. He described the handling and performance as "quite superb", but the armament and sights were "below par", the "wooden construction would have withstood little combat punishment" and the instrumentation was "appallingly basic".


title: Lavochkin La-7

text: Production of the La-7 amounted to 5,753 aircraft, plus 584 La-7UTI trainers. Those aircraft still in service after the end of the war were given the NATO reporting name Fin. The follow-up model, the La-9, despite its outward similarity, was a completely new design.


title: Lavochkin La-7

text: The La-7 ended the superiority in vertical maneuverability that the Messerschmitt Bf 109G had previously enjoyed over other Soviet fighters. Furthermore, it was fast enough at low altitudes to catch, albeit with some difficulties, Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter-bombers that attacked Soviet units on the front lines and immediately returned to German-controlled airspace at full speed. The Yakovlev Yak-3 and the Yakovlev Yak-9U with the Klimov VK-107 engine lacked a large enough margin of speed to overtake the German raiders. 115 La-7s were lost in air combat, only half the number of Yak-3s. According to VVS-KA records, only 3 La-7s were actually shot down in air combat in all of 1944 and a mere 10 fell victim to anti-aircraft fire with a further 23 due to non-combat cause. Losses to air combat in 1945 stand at 79 in total, with 115 overall. However, aircraft that went missing (not returning) or lost to wear are not included, e.g. 24 additional La-7s went missing in 1944. However, the total VVS-KA record loss may not give a true picture of combat losses, as combat losses were often claimed as non-combat losses either to conceal losses or for propaganda purposes.


title: Stygiomedusa

text: Stygiomedusa gigantea, commonly known as the giant phantom jelly is a part of the monotypic genus of deep sea jellyfish, Stygiomedusa. This is in the Ulmaridae family. With only around 110 sightings in 110 years, it is a jellyfish that is rarely seen, but believed to be widespread throughout the world, with the exception of the Arctic Ocean.


title: Stygiomedusa

text: The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute's remotely operated underwater vehicles have only sighted the jelly 27 times in 27 years. A study conducted by the Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, focusing on four "Stygiomedusa gigantea" present in the Gulf of Mexico, revealed information regarding the wider distribution of this species. "S. gigantea" is thought to be one of the largest invertebrate predators in the ecosystem. It is commonly found in the ocean's midnight zone, reaching depths as deep as .


title: Stygiomedusa

text: "S. gigantea" has an umbrella-shaped bell that can grow up to .The bell's pliant tissue allows for the jellyfish to stretch 4 to 5 times its size, presumably to engulf their prey. Their four arms have a "paddle-like" or "kite-like" shape and can grow up to in length. The arms grow in a "V" shape transversely, with a wider base and tapering towards the ends. They do not have any stinging tentacles and instead use their arms to trap and engulf their prey which consists of plankton and small fish. From Browne's analysis of a collected "S. gigantea", their jelly appears a red-orange color only when there is visible light. However, since they dwell in the deep ocean, visible light does not penetrate far enough. Thus, the giant jellyfish may appear "invisible" or glow orange very faintly in its surroundings, depending on the depth of the water.


title: Stygiomedusa

text: Furthermore, their bodies being made of either spongy tissue or jelly allows for the species to withstand the enormous deep ocean pressure of 5,800 pounds per square inch. The circular stomach contained canals that travel to the surface of the sub-umbrella. It is inferred that the lower stomach is thick to ensure the species has the strength to carry their long arms. Its four genital openings were also small to avoid weakening the stomach. Since there were no gastric pouches nor radial canals, the jellyfish was determined to be a part of the Ulmaridae family.


title: Stygiomedusa

text: Known to be one of the largest invertebrate predators in the deep sea, the giant phantom jellyfish's typical prey consists of plankton and small fish. The "S. gigantea" tends to be more dominant in locations with a low productivity system, which in turn deters other predatory organisms, like fish, to high productivity systems (coastal, upwelling zones). However, the jellyfish remains an important predator for the deep sea, often competing with squids and whales.


title: Stygiomedusa

text: Larger "S. gigantea" have also been observed to be in the immediate vicinity of hydrothermal vents where large proportions of zooplankton are abundant. This is in mesopelagic and bathypelagic depths. The further away from hydrothermal vents, the smaller the medusa are––indicating that zooplankton are an important resource for the species. Due to this, the medusae are well off during early spring to early summer when zooplankton biomass is enhanced.


title: Stygiomedusa

text: Evidence has been collected to support the first-ever documented symbiotic relationship for an ophidiiform fish, "Thalassobathia pelagica". Scientists have observed that the large umbrella-shaped bell of "S. gigantea" provides food and shelter for "T. pelagica", while the fish aids the giant phantom jelly by removing parasites. The "S. gigantea"s jelly providing shelter for "T. pelagica" is essential for the fish, considering the lack of shelter resources at such extreme ocean depths. Studies to further support this symbiotic relationship have shown that the two species reassociate with one another even if separated. It was inferred that "T. pelagica" is able to find its way back to the giant phantom jelly due to neuromasts that increase the sensitivity of low-frequency water movements––which the bell of the jellyfish emits.


title: Stygiomedusa

text: The first "S. gigantea specimen", weighing in at ninety pounds, was collected in 1899, but it was not recognized as a species until 1959. Despite having discovered only 118 individuals within 110 years (1899–2009), gelatinous mucus from the medusa have been found covering vents, indicating they may travel in swarms. Similar large jelly Schyphomedusae were observed traveling in swarms off the West coast of North America. However, there are instances in which the species is spotted alone, such as the "S. gigantea" identified at a depth of 1,200 meters in the San Clemente Basin just off of California.


title: Stygiomedusa

text: The giant phantom jelly occurs all around the world with the exception of the Arctic Ocean. They are typically found 61ºN–75ºS and 135ºW–153ºE. In areas of high latitude in the Southern ocean, the depth at which the species may be found are at the mesopelagic and epipelagic levels. However, in areas of mid to low latitude, the species are typically found at bathypelagic and mesopelagic levels. This is due to the variability of the ocean's temperature and light distribution.


title: Stygiomedusa

text: Determining the reproduction of the "S. gigantea" is difficult considering how rare sightings are. It has been noted that young captured "S. gigantea" looked like an exact miniature' of the adult. However, researchers have analyzed the jellyfish's structure and anatomy enough to understand how it may reproduce.


title: Stygiomedusa

text: The "S. gigantea" has four brood chambers that protrude into the stomach in folded narrow ridges and epithelium that covers the gastric side. Its lower periphery has frills along the folds, creating a band about high. Above this band, there is a germinal line that forms a shallow groove with different epithelial cells that are more cubical in shape with large, rounded nuclei. Irregular placement of the cells in small pits (small clumps of cells, similar to cyst) along the germinal line produce a multiplication of epithelial cells that create a deep invagination. This is the first stage leading to the reproduction of "S. gigantea". The cyst grows with a pointed end on the subumbrella side. As its size increases, it pushes out the brood chamber wall and into the cavity of the chamber. Simultaneously on the opposite end, two outgrowths develop horizontally, making the cyst into a "T" shape. This protrudes more and more as size increases, taking the brood chamber with it. Eventually, a thin membrane forms and the cyst enters the stomach cavity.


title: Stygiomedusa

text: Within the cyst, a scyphistoma—a single developing medusa—forms and is now called a chorion. Once the chorion grows into about 2 millimeters long and 2–3 millimeters in diameter with teat-shaped distal ends (which are basal outgrowths), it begins to be pushed out of the chamber. Within the chorion capsule, differentiation and formation begins. The inner epithelial wall is directly from the parent tissue and is pocketed into its distal tips that will eventually become the "S. gigantea"s arms. As the "baby" medusa grows, it takes the shape of the capsule.


title: Stygiomedusa

text: In order to escape, the well-developed "baby" medusa will detach from the subumbrella wall where it was already slightly protruding. It then exits through the gastric cavity and out the parent's mouth.


title: Stygiomedusa

text: The baby medusa soon become free-swimming planules, then polyps or "scyphistomae" that reproduce asexually through budding or podocysts. These are what become larval medusae that feed on plankton. Eventually, it will grow into the size of an adult. It is inferred that reproduction of "S. gigantea" is continuous with one parent estimated to produce fifty to one hundred medusa.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: International relations between South Korea and the United States commenced in 1950, when the United States helped establish the modern state of South Korea, also known as the Republic of Korea, and fought on its UN-sponsored side in the Korean War (1950–1953). During the subsequent four decades, South Korea experienced tremendous economic, political and military growth.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: South Korea has a long military alliance with the United States, aiding the U.S. in every war since the Vietnam War, and most recently during the Iraq War. At the 2009 G20 London summit, U.S. President Barack Obama called South Korea "one of America's closest allies and greatest friends." In 1989, South Korea was among the first batch of countries to be designated as a major non-NATO ally.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: According to academics David Shambaugh and Michael Yahuda, there are currently several security factors shaping the alliance:


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: South Korea is currently one of the most Pro-American countries in the world. According to a 2018 Pew survey, 77% of South Koreans had a favorable view of the United States, while 21% had a negative view. According to a 2018 Gallup poll, 77% of Americans had a favorable view of South Koreans, while 22% had a negative view.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: However, signs indicate S.K.-U.S. relations may be simultaneously strengthening, as cultural exchange (see also TALK program), developments in media partnership (See Parasite Oscar win), and a strong trade in goods and services continues. South Korea is also a top destination of U.S. military hardware, with a recent deal in August 2019 for Seahawk helicopters topping 800 million dollars.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: The former US Ambassador to South Korea, Harry Harris, arrived in Seoul on July 7, 2018. The post had been vacant since President Donald Trump took office in January 2017. Harris, a former head of the US military's Pacific Command, has expressed his resolve to work as an ambassador to strengthen the alliance between the United States and South Korea.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: Following the United States expedition to Korea in 1871, the United States and Korea's Joseon Dynasty established diplomatic relations under the 1882 Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, a 1905, when Japan assumed direction over Korean foreign affairs. In 1910, Japan began a 35-year period of colonial rule over Korea.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: Following Japan's surrender to the Allies in 1945, at the end of World War II, the Korean Peninsula was divided at the 38th parallel into two occupation zones, with the United States in the South and the Soviet Union in the North. Initial talks in 1945–6 to achieve a unified, independent Korea were not successful, and in 1948 two separate nations were established – the Republic of Korea (ROK) in the South, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) in the North. On January 1, 1949, the United States officially recognized the Republic of Korea as the sole legitimate government of Korea and established diplomatic relations on March 25 of that year.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: Cross-border skirmishes and raids at the 38th Parallel escalated into open warfare when the North Korean forces invaded South Korea on June 25, 1950. In response, 16 member countries of the United Nations, including the United States, came to the defense of South Korea. It was the first significant armed conflict of the Cold War with extensive deployment of U.S. and other troops.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: Following the end of World War II, the United States established a bilateral alliance with South Korea instead of establishing a multilateral alliance with South Korea and other East Asian countries.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: Moreover, the "U.S. alliance with South Korea would consequently have three functions. First, it would serve as part of a network of alliances and military installations designed to ring the Soviet threat in the Pacific. Second, it would deter a second North Korean attack, with U.S. ground troops serving as the "tripwire" guaranteeing U.S. involvement. Third, it would restrain the South from engaging in adventurism."


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: The United States and South Korea are allies under the 1953 Mutual Defense Treaty. Under the agreement, U.S. military personnel have maintained a continuous presence on the Korean peninsula.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: South Korea and the United States agreed to a military alliance in 1953. They called it "the relationship forged in blood". In addition, roughly 29,000 United States Forces Korea troops are stationed in South Korea. In 2009, South Korea and the United States pledged to develop the alliance's vision for future defense cooperation. Currently, South Korean forces would fall under United States control should the war resume. This war time control is planned to revert to South Korea in 2022.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: At the request of the United States, President Park Chung-hee sent troops to Vietnam to assist American troops during the Vietnam War, maintaining the second largest contingent of foreign troops after the United States. In exchange, the United States increased military and economic assistance to South Korea. In 2004, President Roh Moo-hyun authorized dispatching a small contingent of troops to Iraq at the request of U.S. President George W. Bush.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: Since 2009, air forces of South Korea and the U.S.A. have conducted annual joint exercises under the name "Max Thunder". In 2018 the drills began on May 11 and continued until May 17.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: At a Cabinet meeting in Seoul on 10 July 2018 the government decided not to hold that year's Ulchi drill, scheduled for June 2018. The Government said the decision was made in line with recent political and security improvements on the peninsula and the suspension of South Korea-U.S. joint military exercises.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: Former South Korean President Moon Jae-in, elected in May 2017, has said he supports the continuation of sanctions against North Korea if it is aimed at bringing North Korea out of its state of isolation and to the negotiating table. He also argued, at the same time, that he was against a "sanctions-only" approach toward North Korea. His approach to North Korea is similar to Kim Dae-jung's Sunshine Policy, which only continued up to the Roh Mu-hyun's administration.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: In 2018 there were several rounds of talks regarding sharing the cost of U.S forces in South Korea. These reflect Washington's desire for South Korea to share a "greater burden" of the costs of the military deployment. On February 10, 2019, South Korea and the United States confirmed that a year long deal for keeping American troops, numbering 28,500, in South Korea had been made. This was in exchange for South Korea paying 925 million dollars to the United States.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: In terms of American leadership, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush both emphasized the Middle East over North Korea. Clinton had deep emotional ties with Israel but neglected North Korea issues and never built strong personal relations with South Korean leaders. Bush, whose religious fundamentalism led him to divide the world into good and evil, had a personalized hatred for North Korean leader Kim Jong-il, but he also had frosty relations with South Korean leaders.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: In his 2021 New Year’s press conference on January 18, President Moon Jae-in stated that the two Koreas might be able to discuss the U.S.-South Korea military drills through a joint inter-Korean military committee. However, U.S. officials expressed that it is not a topic to be decided by Pyongyang, and that scaling down the exercises was not desirable.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: In May 2022, President Joe Biden and President Yoon Suk Yeol agreed in talks to begin discussions on restarting and potentially expanding joint military training on and around the Korean Peninsula. The move was a signal that


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: Between 1958 and 1991, the United States based a variety of nuclear weapons in South Korea. The number reached a peak of 950 warheads in 1967. Since 1991, when President George H. W. Bush announced the withdrawal of all tactical nuclear weapons based abroad, the Korean peninsula has seen ongoing efforts by the U.S. to negotiate an end to North Korea's own nuclear and missile development. These efforts have been characterized by "stalemates, crises and tentative progress." Despite the ongoing tensions, the U.S. has not redeployed nuclear weapons, although one recent press report suggests a majority of South Koreans are in favor of developing their own nuclear weapons. South Korea announced the deployment of the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense anti-ballistic missile defense system at the end of 2017.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: According to Pew Research Center, 84% of South Koreans have a favorable view towards the United States and Americans (ranked within top 4 among the countries in the world). Also, according to a Gallup Korea poll, South Korea views the U.S. as the most favorable country in the world. On the political side, the United States supported South Korea after 1945 as a "staunch bastion against communism", even when the ROK itself was ruled by a US-backed dictatorship. In a March 2011 Gallup Poll, 74% of South Koreans said that they believe that the U.S. influence in the world is favorable, and in a November 2011 Gallup Poll, 57% of South Koreans approved of U.S. leadership, with 22% disapproving. In a 2011 Gallup poll, a 65% favorability rating, the highest rating to date.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: According to a 2014 BBC World Service Poll, 58% of South Koreans view U.S. influence positively, the highest rating for any surveyed Asian country.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: As relations with Korea waxed hot and cold under President Donald Trump, American public opinion regarding North Korea likewise fluctuated sharply, and no clear picture emerges.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: In 1953, at the end of the Korean War, the number of prostitutes in South Korea was estimated as about 350,000, with about 60 percent working near U.S. military camps. In the post-Korean War period, the U.S military continued to contribute significantly to the South Korean economy, providing an estimated 1 percent of the South Korean GNP in 1991, including the sex industry. Despite the world-wide growth of women's human rights advocacy since the 1990s, and the shift towards foreign workers providing sex services for U.S troops, (particularly women trafficked from the Philippines and the former Soviet Union), prostitution via "juicy bars" remains an issue near U.S. bases in South Korea.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: In 1992, Yun Geum-i, a 26-year-old woman, was brutally killed by a U.S. serviceman, Private Kenneth L. Markle, in Dongducheon. In August 1993, the U.S. government compensated the victim's family with a payment of about US$72,000. Markle was sentenced by a South Korean court to life imprisonment, later reduced to 15 years. Professor Katharine Moon notes that the murder was not unique, and did not spark a national debate about the presence of U.S. forces. However, it did become a "call to action" for some Koreans, and led to the establishment of the "National Campaign for the Eradication of Crimes by U.S. troops."


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: In July 2000, the Eighth U.S. Army apologized for an incident where formaldehyde, a toxic fluid, was released into the Han River in February of that year. In a report released in 2017 detailing spill incidents from 1995 to 2015 at the US garrison in Yongsan, South Korean environmentalist groups expressed concern about the lack of transparency and the possibility of continued water contamination, as well as who would take responsibility for cleanup of the site.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: On 13 June 2002, two 14-year-old South Korean schoolgirls were crushed to death by a 50-ton United States Army vehicle in Yangju. Anti-Americanism was pervasive after the driver and the navigator of the vehicle were both acquitted in U.S. courts-martial on charges of negligent homicide. There was resentment from protesters towards the U.S.–South Korea Status of Forces Agreement, which restricted South Korea from having jurisdiction over alleged crimes that occurred when American soldiers were on official duty. South Korean presidential candidate Lee Hoi-chang called on United States President George W. Bush to "apologize to soothe the pain of the Korean people and to prevent any escalation in anti-American sentiment". American ambassador to South Korea Thomas C. Hubbard apologized on behalf of Bush.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: The Government of South Korea banned imports of U.S. beef in 2003 in response to a case of mad cow disease in Washington state. In 2008, the protests against U.S. beef recalled the student "pro-democracy" movements of the 1980s. Nevertheless, by 2010 South Korea had become the world's third largest U.S. beef importer. With its strong import growth, South Korea surpassed Japan for the first time to become the largest market for U.S. beef in Asia and in 2016 US beef imports in Korea reached a value of $1 billion.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: At about 7:40 a.m. on March 5, 2015, Mark Lippert, United States Ambassador to South Korea was attacked by a knife-wielding man at a restaurant attached to Sejong Center in downtown Seoul, where he was scheduled to give a speech at a meeting of the Korean Council for Reconciliation and Cooperation. The assailant, Kim Ki-jong, is a member of Uri Madang, a progressive cultural organization opposed to the Korean War. He inflicted wounds on Lippert's left arm as well as a four-inch cut on the right side of the ambassador's face, requiring 80 stitches. Lippert underwent surgery at Yonsei University's Severance Hospital in Seoul. While his injuries were not life-threatening, doctors stated that it would take several months for Lippert to regain use of his fingers. A police official said that the knife used in the attack was long and Lippert later reported that the blade penetrated to within 2 cm of his carotid artery. ABC News summarized the immediate aftermath of the attack as follows: "Ambassador Lippert, an Iraq war veteran, defended himself from the attack. Lippert was rushed to a hospital where he was treated for deep cuts to his face, his arm, and his hand. ... [He] kept his cool throughout the incident."


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: During the attack and while being subdued by security, Kim screamed that the rival Koreas should be unified and told reporters that he had attacked Lippert to protest the annual United States–South Korean joint military exercises. Kim has a record of militant Korean nationalist activism; he attacked the Japanese ambassador to South Korea in 2010 and was sentenced to a three-year suspended prison term. On September 11, 2015, Kim was sentenced to twelve years in prison for the attack.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: The rollout of the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) has been met with domestic opposition in South Korea. The opposition has been on the grounds that the North Korean threat has gone, and on environmental grounds. THAAD was deployed under the administration of ROK President Park Geun-hye. Her opponents accused her of "bow[ing] too readily to America's requests." According to South China Morning Post, when Prime Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn visited Seongju to appease the local backlash against THAAD, demonstrators blocked Hwang's buses and pelted him with eggs and water bottles. The progressive People's Party also opposes the deployment.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: The decision to deploy THAAD in South Korea has been opposed and criticized by China and Russia who have accused the US of "destabilizing [the] region." On 30 October 2017, South Korea and China agreed to normalize relations, which had rifted due to THAAD deployment. South Korea's economic dependence on China has been a source of friction for the Korea-US alliance. In April 2020, the National Assembly speaker Moon Hee‐sang declared that asking the ROK to choose between China and America was like “asking a child whether you like your dad or your mom.” He said that South Korea cannot leave aside his economic interests for the sake of security, and vice versa.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: South Korea has experienced significant economic growth in the years since the Korean War, sometimes referred to as the Miracle on the Han River.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: As of 2019, China is the ROK's largest trading partner, leading Japan (2nd) and the United States (3rd). Exports to the United States have fallen from 40 percent in the late 1980s to less than 20 percent in 2002.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: There remains some major trade disputes between the ROK and the US in the areas including telecommunications, automotive industry, intellectual property rights issues, pharmaceutical industry, and the agricultural industry.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: South Korea's export-driven economy and competition with domestic U.S. producers in certain fields of products have led to some trade friction with the United States. For example, imports of certain steel and non-steel products have been subject to U.S. anti-dumping and countervailing duty investigations. A total of 29 U.S. imports from South Korea have been assessed.


title: South Korea–United States relations

text: The South Korean government maintains Korean cultural education centers in: Wheeling, Illinois (near Chicago), Houston, New York City, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Washington, DC.


title: Brahim Ghali

text: Brahim Ghali () (; ; born 16 September 1949) is a Sahrawi politician and military officer that serves as the current president of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) and former SADR ambassador to Algeria and Spain.


title: Brahim Ghali

text: Ghali has served as a historic figure and played a key role in the struggle of the Sahrawi people for self-determination and independence from Morocco. He was instrumental in the creation of the Movement for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab, the 1970 Zemla Intifada against Spanish rule, the foundation of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and Río de Oro (Polisario Front) in 1973, and the Sahrawi Republic in 1976. He also played a major role in the Western Sahara War and establishment of MINURSO, the UN peacekeeping mission for the Western Sahara.


title: Brahim Ghali

text: Ghali was born in Smara on 16 September 1949 (although other sources claimed he was born in Bu Craa). Ghali joined the Spanish-led Nomadic troops in the late 1960s and was subsequently dispatched to Smara for administrative work. After several meetings with Mohamed Bassiri and other Sahrawi political leadership, they decided to create the AOLS in 1969, with Ghali being the affiliation secretary of the organization. He participated in the AOLS demonstration held in El Aaiun on June 16, 1970, which passed to be known as the Zemla Intifada. Detained that same night by Spanish soldiers, he was sentenced to one year in prison for his political activities. He was freed in 1971 but was briefly detained again in 1972 for taking part in demonstrations.


title: Brahim Ghali

text: Ghali was one of the original founders and leaders of the Polisario Front in 1973 and was elected as the first General Secretary of the movement at its constitutive congress. Alongside El Uali Mustapha Sayed, Ghali led the El-Khanga raid, the first military action of the POLISARIO against a desert post of the Spanish Army, overrunning the position and gathering weapons and equipment. In 1974, as El Uali was elected as the new POLISARIO General Secretary, Ghali was selected to command the Sahrawi People's Liberation Army, its military wing.


title: Brahim Ghali

text: On October 22, 1975, Ghali, El Uali, and Mahfoud Ali Beiba met General Federico Gómez de Salazar, the Spanish governor of the territory on the first official encounter between representatives of the Spanish government and the POLISARIO. Negotiations broke off shortly thereafter, with Ghali do not attending another meeting with Gómez de Salazar on October 29, while the Spanish government declared a curfew on El Aaiun.


title: Brahim Ghali

text: On 4 March 1976, he was designated as the defense minister of the first government of SADR, proclaimed in Bir Lehlou on February 27. He remained in that post until 1989 when he was chosen as Commander-in-chief of the Second Military Region.


title: Brahim Ghali

text: At an election held on July 9, 2016, in the Sahrawi refugee camps in Tindouf, Ghali was chosen as the next President and Secretary-General of SADR. Ghali replaced longtime leader Mohamed Abdelaziz, who died on May 31, 2016. Ghali paid a presidential visit to the Nigerian President, President Mohammadu Buhari on Thursday, June 13, 2019, at the villa in Abuja, Nigeria.


title: Brahim Ghali

text: A complaint was filed against him in 2013 for alleged rape and sexual abuse of Khadijatou Mahmoud Mohamed Zoubeir. In addition, the ASADEDH () filed a lawsuit against him in Spain for alleged torture. The ASADEDH was criticized as its chairman, Ramdane Messaoud, is a member of the Moroccan Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs. Provisionally dismissed, the lawsuits were reopened after Ghali's arrival to Spain in 2021 to recover from a critical health state due to COVID-19. Then, on 19 May 2021, the Spanish Audiencia Nacional summoned him to testify as a defendant in the case presented by the ASADEDH and Fadel Breica; Ghali testified via videoconference from the Hospital San Millán-San Pedro in Logroño as he was recovering from COVID-19 on the 1 June 2021. Judge determined the accusing parties had not brought any evidence whatsoever (not even indicative) hinting at Ghali's culpability.


title: Brahim Ghali

text: Shortly afterwards, Ghali left Spain and landed in Algeria on 2 June 2021, continuing with the less acute phase of his recovery in the Ain El Naaja military hospital in Algiers, where he was visited by Algerian President Abdelmadjid Tebboune.


title: The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here

text: The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here is the fifth studio album by the American rock band Alice in Chains, released on May 28, 2013 through Capitol Records (and the band's final album released by the label). It is the band's second reunion album. Following a worldwide tour in support of its previous album, "Black Gives Way to Blue" (2009), Alice in Chains began work on a new album. The making of "The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here" lasted for more than a year and the release of the album was delayed numerous times. The band entered the studio in July 2011 to start work on their fifth album. During the writing and recording sessions, guitarist and vocalist Jerry Cantrell underwent shoulder surgery, which resulted in the delay of the album. The recording sessions of "The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here" were completed in December 2012.


title: The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here

text: Peaking at No. 2 on the "Billboard" 200 chart and at No. 1 on the Top Rock Albums chart, the album was well received by music critics, and "Hollow", "Stone", "Voices" were released as singles to promote the album. "Hollow" and "Stone" reached No. 1 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks, while "Voices" reached No. 3, and each one of the three songs stayed on the chart for 20 weeks.


title: The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here

text: "The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here" also reached the top ten in the national albums charts of Australia, Finland and Norway. The album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical in 2013, and ranked No. 4 on Loudwire's 2019 list of the Best Rock Albums of the Decade.


title: The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here

text: About seven months after the release of "Black Gives Way to Blue", Alice in Chains hinted at the possibility of a fifth studio album when guitarist Jerry Cantrell told MTV News that there were thoughts and did not "see any reason why it wouldn't [happen]." Singer William DuVall also commented on the possibility of the album and Alice in Chains' future, "we've got a lot of water to sail before we do that. There's a lot of shows. But yeah, generally speaking, yeah, we're excited about the future. I don't anticipate some long layoff."


title: The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here

text: DuVall revealed in September 2010 that Alice in Chains had not begun writing their next album yet, but "there's plenty of riffs flying around." He added, "That was the case when we first started back up. We would just stockpile these fragments, and then some time later we would sift through the mountain of stuff, and that's what became "Black Gives Way to Blue". The same thing has been happening since we've been touring "Black Gives Way to Blue", so it would be only natural to at some point say, 'Hey, we've got a lot of stuff. Let's sift through and see what we've got this time.'" DuVall also mentioned that it was possible that the album would feature songs that were written for "Black Gives Way to Blue".


title: The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here

text: On March 21, 2011, "Metal Hammer" reported that Alice in Chains would begin recording their new album by the end of 2011. In July 2011, Alice in Chains began working on the new album at Los Angeles' Henson Recording Studios. In May 2012, Cantrell revealed that prior to the recording sessions, he had surgery in his right shoulder. He explained, "The thing that set me back is I had some bone spurs [and] cartilage issues in my shoulders. I had the same issue in the other shoulder about six years ago so I've had them both done now. It's a repetitive motion injury from playing." Cantrell could not play guitar for eight months while he was recovering from surgery. While recuperating at home in a sling, Cantrell heard a riff in his head and sang it into his phone. The riff later became the song "Stone". Cantrell returned to the studio to finish the album in early 2012. The band selected Nick Raskulinecz, who produced their previous record "Black Gives Way to Blue", to helm the new album. In December 2012, Cantrell confirmed that the album was completed.


title: The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here

text: On the making of the album, Cantrell said to "Revolver" magazine: "I don't think you'll be surprised by anything you hear. ... It's us. But it's also really unique. It's got all the elements of any record we've put out, but it's unlike any record we've put out. Basically, it's the next chapter in the Alice in Chains book, and it's going to be a big one." Cantrell also said to "Guitar World": "In my opinion, "Black Gives Way to Blue" stood up to anything else we've put out in our career. Hopefully, the new album will connect with people in the same way."


title: The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here

text: On February 13, 2013, Alice in Chains posted on Facebook that their new album title would be an anagram of the letters H V L E N T P S U S D A H I E E O E D T I U R R, and asked fans to decode the anagram. The next day they announced that the album would be called "The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here". The song titles were revealed in the March 2013 issue of "Revolver".


title: The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here

text: To help promote the album, Alice in Chains teamed up with Funny or Die for an 11-minute mockumentary titled "", in which Film Studies professor Alan Poole McLard (played by W. Earl Brown) attempts to make a documentary on Alice in Chains without any help from the actual band, interviewing other musicians instead. Among them are country singer Donnie 'Skeeter' Dollarhide Jr. (played by Cantrell), reggae singer Nesta Cleveland (played by DuVall), black metal musician Unta Gleeben Glabben Globben Globin (played by bassist Mike Inez), and the hipster Stanley Eisen (played by drummer Sean Kinney). Snippets of the album's tracks were played in the short film. The video was released on April 3, 2013 and also features cameos by Ann and Nancy Wilson from Heart, Mike McCready from Pearl Jam, Kim Thayil from Soundgarden, Duff McKagan from Guns N' Roses, Brent Hinds and Bill Kelliher from Mastodon, and Lars Ulrich and Robert Trujillo from Metallica.


title: The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here

text: A limited edition of Jerry Cantrell's signature Dunlop Cry Baby Wah pedal was made available as a tribute to the album. It features the cover artwork for "The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here", and the lyrics to "Stone" printed on the bottom plate.


title: The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here

text: Jerry Cantrell stated in an interview with "Rolling Stone", "We made a unique record that's completely different from anything we ever did. It encapsulates a period of time, like all records do. You see growth and that the band is moving ahead in new territory that we haven't been to before, but we haven't lost our identity."