title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: The Stereotypes had known Mars and worked with him since 2007, but after he signed a deal with Atlantic Records they did not collaborate very often. In 2015, Jonathan Yip talked with Mars about working together. Mars was already recording "24K Magic" and asked for "some beats", which Yip sent. Mars later asked for more beats and the Stereotypes sent them, but they never heard from him; "nothing came of it". In June 2016, Yip contacted Mars, who asked Yip if they would like to help him finish a song for his album; he needed another song with a certain tempo and key. Yip sent Mars an idea that caught his attention; he asked the Stereotypes to go to the studio. After they helped Mars finish "24K Magic", Mars challenged the team to help him with two more songs.


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: At this point, Mars had already shown the Stereotypes two songs, including a fully written and produced demo of "That's What I Like" that sounded like a ballad, according to Ray Romulus. Mars, however, told the Stereotypes he wanted the song to make him move in a certain way and that it was missing a certain "bounce". He wanted them to focus on the "groove, shifting and fine-tuning" until they found the "precise ingredient of danceable joy" that he wanted. The team started to change the rhythms and the drums of the song, and Mars danced along to it and stopped when he could not move to a chord or drum. Once the programming of the drums was finished, the song had a different feeling; despite its slow tempo it had a "danceable double-time". This is due to the trap beats, which modernized the track and gave it "bounce". Then, the Stereotypes tore everything else apart, giving the track new chords and a new pre-hook, B section, and bridge.


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: In November 2017, Mars was a guest on the "Charlie Rose Show". He said the album was intended to make people feel fabulous: "I'm talking about eating shrimp scampi and lobster tails and drinking strawberry champagne". Romulus said the lyrical concept came from Mars, adding, "All that about the Cadillacs and champagne ... that's how Bruno is. He's giving you a day in the life". During a phone interview with CBS Mars said that he second guessed the song, having to listen to it "for over a year to make sure it's all right." It was the first song that Mars asked James Fauntleroy to help him write.


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: "That's What I Like" was written by Mars, Philip Lawrence, Christopher Brody Brown, Fauntleroy, Yip, Romulus, Jeremy Reeves, and Ray McCullough II. It was produced by Mars, Lawrence and Brown under the alias Shampoo Press & Curl; and co-produced by Yip, McCullough, Romulus, and Reeves as the Stereotypes. Eric "E-Panda" Hernandez played the live drums while Mars, Fauntleroy, and Lawrence performed background vocals. At Glenwood Place Studios in Burbank, California, Charles Moniz recorded and engineered the track with assistance from Jacob Dennis. It was mixed at MixStar Studios in Virginia Beach by Serban Ghenea, with John Hanes serving as mixing engineer. The track was mastered by Tom Coyne at Sterling Sound, NYC.


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: "Versace on the Floor" was scheduled to be the second single released from Mars's third studio album "24K Magic" (2016). In early January 2017, however, AllAccess reported that "That's What I Like" was being sent to Top 40 radio stations as the second single instead. Atlantic Records released the track on January 30, 2017, to adult contemporary, hot adult contemporary and modern adult contemporary radio stations in the United States and to American contemporary hit radio and rhythmic contemporary stations on the next day. BBC Radio 1 began adding the song onto their playlists on February 24, 2017. In Italy, the song was sent for radio airplay on March 3, 2017, through Warner. On April 21, 2017, a remix package with four versions of the song was released for digital download in various countries.


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: "That's What I Like" is a hip hop soul, new jack swing, R&B, and funk song. It was composed in the key of B minor at a tempo of 134 beats per minute. Mars's vocal range spans from G to C. The song features Mars in the center of the track, supported by enthusiastic backing vocals, Boyz II Men-style finger-snaps, a "silky pre-chorus", and "punctuating ad libs". Bill Lamb of ThoughtCo described the single as an "R&B groove, giving a nod to the new jack swing music of the late 1980s and early 1990s".


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: "Billboard" Andrew Unterberger said the song is reminiscent of the R&B from the early 1990s, infused with New Jack Swing and a little hip-hop, comparing it to the "harmonies and Uptown production of early Jodeci". Christopher R. Weingarten of "Rolling Stone" wrote that the track "brings the silky vibes" of R. Kelly's "12 Play" (1993) "into the boom of modern trap". Chris Molanphy from "Slate" defined "That's What I Like" as a mix of the "80s-into-90s styles like New Edition pop-and-B and New Jack Swing" infused with "the skittering, thumping 808 drums of a modern trap" song. Molanphy compared Mars's vocals to those of Bobby Brown, especially in his "high-register vocal". Katherine St. Asaph of "Pitchfork" compared its sound to that of "The 20/20 Experience" (2013) by Justin Timberlake. "Vulture" Craig Jenkins noted a resemblance between the composition of "That's What I Like" and The Neptunes' production of "Kitty Kat" (2006) by Beyoncé. The lyrics of the song have been described as "playful" and "opulent"; they were written from the point of view of someone "who loves himself" and luxury ("strawberry champagne and ice bucket") as much as his lover, with her being promised everything she wants, being allowed to "dictate the pace of the night". Mars references "Julio" from "Uptown Funk". On February 26, 2019, West Java's Indonesian Broadcasting Commission placed a daytime ban on the radio broadcast of several songs, including "That's What I Like", due to their adult, offensive and obscene lyrics.


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: "That's What I Like" received mixed reviews from music critics. Andrew Unterberger, writing for "Billboard", and Rob Arcand of "Spin" found the single to be one of the best on "24K Magic". "Vulture" Jenkins said the track is one of the best on the album and sonically one of the "most modern" songs due to "a killer vocal and tasteful trap drums". Peter Helman of "Stereogum" said the recording is one of the "catchiest" tracks on "24K Magic". Caroline Sullivan from "The Guardian" praised the song for paying homage to R Kelly, calling it a "resurrection". Karen Gwee from "Consequence of Sound" commended Mars's vocals and said the singer takes his vocals to the limit. Gwee dubbed the track "giddy". "The Observer" Kitty Empire praised the lyrics, saying Mars is able to give "conspicuous consumption with more charm than boorishness". In a mixed review Nick Levine, writing for "NME", said he did not enjoy the track's lyrics, despite finding them playful.


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: Jonathan Wroble of "Slant Magazine" criticized the song's lyrics, saying they appear to be "written with a dollar store's rhyming dictionary". Wroble choose the rhymes between "beach house in Miami" and "Julio, serve that scampi" as an example. "The Independent" Andy Gill and Patrick Ryan from "USA Today" both found the lyrics on "That's What I Like" to exhibit a list of "unimaginative" and "obnoxious" hedonism.


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: "That's What I Like" was listed as the second best song of 2017 according to Associated Press's Mesfin Fekadu. She said, "Bruno Mars is perfect. That is all." It was the 34th among Billboard's 100 Best Songs of 2017: Critics' Picks list; Ross Scarano wrote that Mars "is a pop star of total hospitality" showing several clichés of a luxurious life, such as "sex in front of the fireplace and champagne with strawberries", "waking up inside clean sheets without any clothes on", and "the private chef, Julio, preparing shrimp scampi for dinner". In late 2017, Bill Lamb of ThoughtCo considered the single the fourth-best song by Mars. Minou Clark from "HuffPost" called the single "the ultimate cuffing season anthem" due to its "sexy smooth melody".


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: In 2017, "That's What I Like" was nominated for Choice Song: Male Artist, Choice Music: Summer Song and Choice Music: R&B/Hip-Hop Song at the Teen Choice Awards. That same year, the song was also nominated for Song of the Year at the Telehit Awards. The single received the awards for Favorite Soul/R&B Song at the 2017 American Music Awards and for Song of the Year at the Soul Train Music Awards. In 2018, "That's What I Like" won Song of the Year, Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song at the 2018 Grammy Awards. The track received a nomination for Favorite Song at the Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards and won R&B Song of the Year, whilst being nominated for Song of the Year at the 2018 iHeartRadio Music Awards. It also received a Titanium Award from iHeartRadio for reaching a threshold of 1 billion total audience spins.


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: It was nominated for Top Hot 100 Song, Top Streaming Song (Video), Top Radio Song and Top R&B Song at the "Billboard" Music Awards, winning in the latter category. The song was one of the Top 10 Gold International Gold Songs at the RTHK International Pop Poll Awards. That same year, the track received the first issued accolade for Outstanding Song, Traditional category at the 2018 NAACP Image Awards. "That's What I Like" received two awards from ASCAP, one from the Pop Music Awards as one of the Most Performed Songs, and another from the Rhythm & Soul Music Awards as Top R&B/Hip-Hop Song. In the following year, at the same award ceremonies, it won, again, Most Performed Songs and it was one of the winners of Winning R&B/Hip-Hop Song.


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: Upon the album's release, "That's What I Like" debuted at number 79 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart for the issue week of December 10, 2016. In February 2017, Mars's performance at the 2017 Grammy Awards helped the song to enter the top 10 of the Hot 100, where it remained for two months. The single rose to number two on the chart, spending four weeks there behind Ed Sheeran's "Shape of You" (2017). After the release of several remixes, featuring artists such as Gucci Mane and PartyNextDoor, "That's What I Like" climbed to number one in its fifteenth week on the chart, replacing Kendrick Lamar's "Humble" (2017). Both songs spent one week on the top of the chart and the former became Mars's seventh number one single on the Hot 100. The track spent 24 weeks in the top five of the "Billboard" Hot 100, becoming one of five singles to spend at least 24 weeks in the top five and 28 weeks in the top ten. As of 2018, Mars, Sheeran, and Jewel are the only artists with two songs to spend at least half a year in the top 10 of the Hot 100. The song spent a total of 52 weeks on the chart and ranked at number three on the Year-End "Billboard" Hot 100.


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: On the Radio Songs chart, "That's What I Like" peaked at number one and spent nine weeks there, becoming Mars's longest run at the top as a solo artist. It surpassed his previous seven-week number-one runs for "Just the Way You Are" (2010) and "Locked Out of Heaven" (2013). On the Mainstream Top 40 chart, the single peaked at number one, tying Mars with Justin Timberlake for the highest total among solo males of number one songs on the chart, with eight each one. For the week of July 22, 2017, the song returned to the top of the Hot R&B Songs chart, spending 20 weeks at number one. It tied with The Weeknd's "Starboy" (2016) and Drake's "One Dance" (2016), featuring WizKid and Kyla, for the most weeks spent at number one. In August 2020, the achievement was broken by The Weeknd's "Blinding Lights" (2019). "That's What I Like" peaked at number one on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs Chart and topped the Year-End Chart in the format. The track reached the top spot on the Rhythmic chart. The single was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It became the fourth best-selling song of 2017 in the US, with 1,673,000 downloads and 835,856,000 streams.


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: On the Canadian Hot 100, the song peaked at number three on April 17, 2017, spending 38 weeks on the chart, and it was certified seven-times Platinum by the Music Canada (MC). The song ended 2017 at number seven on the Year-End Charts in Canada.


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: "That's What I Like" peaked at number 12 on the UK Singles Chart and was certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), denoting sales and streams equivalent to 1,200,000 copies. On the Belgian charts, the single debuted at number 34 on February 25, 2017, on the Ultratop 50 in Flanders, peaking at number three for two consecutive weeks in April. On the Ultratop 50 in Wallonia, the song debuted at number 34 on March 25, 2017, and went on to peak at number eight in May. It was certified platinum by the Belgian Entertainment Association (BEA). The track peaked at number seven on the Portuguese Single Charts. It earned a platinum plaque from the Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa (AFP), for its sales and streams equivalent to 20,000. "That's What I Like" entered the Official New Zealand Music Chart at number 26 on February 20, 2017. In its sixth week, the track peaked at number four, where it remained for two weeks. The song ranked at the fifth spot on the 2017 Year-End List and received a double-platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RMNZ), denoting sales and streams equivalent to 60,000 copies. In Australia, the single debuted at number 47 on the ARIA Singles Chart for the week of March 5, 2017. In its sixth week on the chart, the song peaked at number five, becoming Mars's twelfth top-ten single in Australia. It was certified four-times platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for exceeding 70,000 units. The song reached the top 20 in several other countries, including Denmark, Ireland, and Scotland. The song was the fourth-best-selling digital single of 2017, with 9.7 million units.


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: On March 1, 2017, Mars announced on his Twitter account that he had been filming the accompanying music video for "That's What I Like"; he said, "Just finished shootin it! I'm gonna edit it, take a bubble bath & then we party. Gimme 2 hours! Let the count down begin #TWIL". The visual was directed by Mars and Jonathan Lia. The choreography was done by the singer and Phil Tayag prior to the shooting, allowing Lia and Mars to produce animations before filming the video. Some animations were added in post-production by GenPop. The music video was filmed against a grey background in Los Angeles using a stationary camera throughout the entire shot. Several hand-drawn animations "relating to the lyrics" appeared and vanished off-frame; to create this effect, Lia filmed Mars while the song was played at half-speed. Lia then doubled the speed of the footage, making the "synced playback" have a "surreal feel to it", with a single, eight-minute take. Mars and Lia had a different concept for the music video, but the result was not what they expected when the two carried out a test shoot, and they decided to use a single light. When Mars started to dance, him and Lia they knew "that was the video". The video was released on March 1, 2017, via YouTube.


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: The visual begins with Mars wearing a black, white, and gold-striped silk shirt, black track pants, white sneakers and sunglasses. During the video, Mars dances alone against a white background with several animations, which move with him during his choreography, enacting the lyrics and music. The black-and-white animations include a mirror, Manhattan condominium, sipping strawberry champagne glasses, driving a Cadillac and its wheels, traveling to Paris, and dancing partners that appear as Mars dances across the screen. The cartoon sketches, related to the lyrics, were drawn to show the flexibility of the singer's dance moves. According to Rania Aniftos, Mars exudes charm throughout the music video.


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: Critics including Althea Legaspi from "Rolling Stone" and Minou Clark of "HuffPost" complimented Mars's dancing skills and choreography. Mike Wass, writing for Idolator, and "Vulture"s Karen Brill compared the video to Drake's "Hotline Bling" (2015) due to its simplicity and "unadulterated feeling-yourself-ness". Wass and the staff of "Rap-Up" called Mars's footwork "fancy", while Brill said the visual is "wondrous" but that it should include "the ubiquitous music video cube". "Vibe" J'na Jefferson shared a similar perspective, saying "the magic of this video is in the simplicity" because of Mars's performance skills, visual effects, and editing. Alex Young of "Consequence of Sound" praised the combination of the choreographed dance and the animation. "Billboard" Rania Aniftos praised the music video, saying it will make viewers smile and hit "the replay button". In 2017, it won Best Male Video at the MTV Video Music Awards Japan and was nominated for Best International Video at the LOS40 Music Awards 2017, a category decided by a Jury. The video received the award for Video of the Year at the 2017 American Music Awards. In 2018, it won the award for Outstanding Music Video at the NAACP Image Awards and earned a nomination for Best Music Video at the iHeartRadio Music Awards. The video effects were available on Facebook for users to try; it was the first time the platform made a based camera effect around music. As of March 2021, the music video has reached over 1.8 billion views.


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: Mars's first live performance of "That's What I Like" occurred at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards on February 12, 2017. Mars danced in synchronization with his backup singers, and towards the end of the song he made a "doo-wop harmonizing" breakdown while interacting with women in the crowd and using his falsetto vocals. The performance was well received by critics. Joe Lynch of "Billboard" rated Mars's performance 11 out of 20, saying, "Bruno Mars is one of pop's finest showmen" who "can make an unextraordinary song such as 'That's What I Like' sound like a bona fide hit ... he sang the hell out of it". Billy Nilles of "E! News" wrote that Mars showed his "smooth dance moves and silky vocals", and that "every lady in the crowd looked as they were putty in Bruno's hand". "Rolling Stone"s Elias Leight described the singer as being on "seduction mode", using his vocals to demonstrate it. Mars's voice reminded Leigh of the "firepower" of New Edition's Johnny Gill.


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: Mars later performed the song live at the 2017 Brit Awards on February 21; he was "dressed in a vintage-inspired 1990s color-block collared top with navy slacks" and along with his band, performed a routine choreography. Halfway through the track, Mars serenaded the audience. At the 2017 iHeartRadio Music Awards, he performed the song as part of a medley with the single "Treasure", a track on Mars's second studio album "Unorthodox Jukebox" (2012). Andrew Unterberger, writing for "Billboard", found the performance to be the best of the night because Mars made the medley work "seamlessly". An acoustic version of the single was performed on the "Charlie Rose Show"; it featured Mars and some of his bandmates sitting at a table and using it as a soft drum set. Mars performed the single at the Apollo Theater alongside the majority of the "24K Magic" album for his CBS prime time special titled "", which aired on November 29, 2017. "That's What I Like" was also sung during the Mars's third tour, 24K Magic World Tour (2017–18) and it was part of the setlist of An Evening With Silk Sonic at Park MGM (2022), a concert residency performed by Mars with Anderson .Paak, as Silk Sonic.


title: That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)

text: Kurt Hugo Schneider and Mario Jose covered "That's What I Like", releasing their version for download on July 13, 2017. Macy Kate recorded a cover of the single, which is now only available on YouTube.


title: Bass (sound)

text: Bass ( ) (also called bottom end) describes tones of low (also called "deep") frequency, pitch and range from 16 to 256 Hz (C to middle C) and bass instruments that produce tones in the low-pitched range C-C. They belong to different families of instruments and can cover a wide range of musical roles. Since producing low pitches usually requires a long air column or string, and for stringed instruments, a large hollow body, the string and wind bass instruments are usually the largest instruments in their families or instrument classes.


title: Bass (sound)

text: In musical compositions, such as songs and pieces, these are the lowest-pitched parts of the harmony. In choral music without instrumental accompaniment, the bass is supplied by adult male bass singers. For an accompanied choir, the bass is typically provided by pipe organ or piano (or if a choir can afford to hire one, by orchestra). In an orchestra, the basslines are played by the double bass and cellos, bassoon or contrabassoon, low brass such as the tuba and bass trombone, and the timpani (kettledrums). In many styles of traditional music such as Bluegrass, folk, and in styles such as Rockabilly and big band and Bebop jazz, the bass role is filled by the upright bass. In most rock and pop bands and in jazz fusion groups, the bass role is filled by the electric bass guitar. In some 20th and 21st century pop genres, such as 1980s pop, hip hop music and electronic dance music, the bass role may be filled with a bass synthesizer.


title: Bass (sound)

text: When bass notes are played in a musical ensemble such an orchestra, they are frequently used to provide a counterpoint or counter-melody, in a harmonic context either to outline or juxtapose the progression of the chords, or with percussion to underline the rhythm.


title: Bass (sound)

text: In popular music, the bass part, which is called the "bassline", typically provides harmonic and rhythmic support to the band. The bass player is a member of the rhythm section in a band, along with the drummer, rhythm guitarist, and, in some cases, a keyboard instrument player (e.g., piano or Hammond organ). The bass player emphasizes the root or fifth of the chord in their basslines (and to a lesser degree, the third of the chord) and accents the strong beats.


title: Bass (sound)

text: In classical music, different forms of bass are: "basso concertante", or "basso recitante"; the bass voice of the chorus; the bass which accompanies the softer passages of a composition, as well as those passages which employ the whole power of the ensemble, generally played by the violoncellos in orchestral music; "contrabass" (“under bass”), is described as that part which is performed by the double basses; violoncellos often play the same line an octave higher, or a different melodic or rhythmic part which is not a bassline when double basses are used; "basso ripieno"; that bass which joins in the full passages of a composition, and, by its depth of tone and energy of stroke, affords a powerful contrast to the lighter and softer passages or movements.


title: Bass (sound)

text: Basso continuo was an approach to writing music during the Baroque music era (1600-1750). With basso continuo, a written-out bassline served to set out the chord progression for an entire piece (symphony, concerto, Mass, or other work), with the bassline being played by pipe organ or harpsichord and the chords being improvised by players of chordal instruments (theorbo, lute, harpsichord, etc.).


title: Bass (sound)

text: "The bass differs from other voices because of the particular role it plays in supporting and defining harmonic motion. It does so at levels ranging from immediate, chord-by-chord events to the larger harmonic organization of an entire work."


title: Bass (sound)

text: As seen in the musical instrument classification article, categorizing instruments can be difficult. For example, some instruments fall into more than one category. The cello is considered a tenor instrument in some orchestral settings, but in a string quartet it is the bass instrument. Also, the Bass Flute is actually the tenor member of the flute family even though it is called the "Bass" Flute.


title: Bass (sound)

text: A musician playing one of these instruments is often known as a bassist. Other more specific terms such as 'bass guitarist', 'double bassist', 'bass player', etc. may also be used.


title: Bass (sound)

text: With recorded music playback, for owners of 33 rpm LPs and 45 singles, the availability of loud "and" deep bass was limited by the ability of the phonograph record stylus to track the groove. While some hi-fi aficionados had solved the problem by using other playback sources, such as reel-to-reel tape players which were capable of delivering accurate, naturally deep bass from acoustic sources, or synthetic bass not found in nature, with the popular introduction of the compact cassette in the late 1960s it became possible to add more low frequency content to recordings. By the mid-1970s, 12" vinyl singles, which allowed for "more bass volume", were used to record disco, reggae, dub and hip-hop tracks; dance club DJs played these records in clubs with subwoofers to achieve "physical and emotional" reactions from dancers.


title: Bass (sound)

text: In the early 1970s, early disco DJs sought out deeper bass sounds for their dance events. David Mancuso hired sound engineer Alex Rosner to design additional subwoofers for his disco dance events, along with "tweeter arrays" to "boost the treble and bass at opportune moments" at his private, underground parties at The Loft. The demand for sub-bass sound reinforcement in the 1970s was driven by the important role of "powerful bass drum" in disco, as compared with rock and pop; to provide this deeper range, a third crossover point from 40 Hz to 120 Hz (centering on 80 Hz) was added. The Paradise Garage discotheque in New York City, which operated from 1977 to 1987, had "custom designed 'sub-bass' speakers" developed by Alex Rosner's disciple, sound engineer Richard ("Dick") Long that were called "Levan Horns" (in honor of resident DJ Larry Levan).


title: Bass (sound)

text: By the end of the 1970s, subwoofers were used in dance venue sound systems to enable the playing of "[b]ass-heavy dance music" that we "do not 'hear' with our ears but with our entire body". At the club, Long used four Levan bass horns, one in each corner of the dancefloor, to create a "haptic and tactile quality" in the sub-bass that you could feel in your body. To overcome the lack of sub-bass frequencies on 1970s disco records (sub-bass frequencies below 60 Hz were removed during mastering), Long added a DBX 100 "Boom Box" subharmonic pitch generator into his system to synthesize 25 Hz to 50 Hz sub-bass from the 50 to 100 Hz bass on the records. In the early 1980s, Long designed a sound system for the Warehouse dance club, with "huge stacks of subwoofers" which created "deep and intense" bass frequencies that "pound[ed] through your system" and "entire body", enabling clubgoers to "viscerally experience" the DJs' house music mixes.


title: Bass (sound)

text: Deep, heavy bass is central to Jamaican musical styles such as dub and reggae. In Jamaica in the 1970s and 1980s, sound engineers for reggae sound systems began creating "heavily customized" subwoofer enclosures by adding foam and tuning the cabinets to achieve "rich and articulate speaker output below 100 Hz". The sound engineers who developed the "bass-heavy signature sound" of sound reinforcement systems have been called "deserving as much credit for the sound of Jamaican music as their better-known music producer cousins". The sound engineers for Stone Love Movement (a sound system crew), for example, modified folded horn subwoofers they imported from the US to get more of a bass reflex sound that suited local tone preferences for dancehall audiences, as the unmodified folded horn was found to be "too aggressive" sounding and "not deep enough for Jamaican listeners".


title: Bass (sound)

text: In Jamaican sound system culture, there are both "low and high bass bins" in "towering piles" that are "delivered in large trucks" and set up by a crew of "box boys", and then positioned and adjusted by the sound engineer in a process known as "stringing up", all to create the "sound of reggae music you can literally feel as it comes off these big speakers". Sound system crews hold 'sound clash' competitions, where each sound system is set up and then the two crews try to outdo each other.


title: Bass (sound)

text: The use of subwoofers to provide deep bass in film presentations received a great deal of publicity in 1974 with the movie "Earthquake" which was released in Sensurround. Initially installed in 17 U.S. theaters, the Cerwin Vega "Sensurround" system used large subwoofers which were driven by racks of 500 watt amplifiers which were triggered by control tones printed on one of the audio tracks on the film. Four of the subwoofers were positioned in front of the audience under (or behind) the film screen and two more were placed together at the rear of the audience on a platform. Powerful noise energy and loud rumbling in the range of 17 Hz to 120 Hz was generated at the level of 110–120 decibels of sound pressure level, abbreviated dB(SPL). The new low frequency entertainment method helped the film become a box office success. More Sensurround systems were assembled and installed. By 1976 there were almost 300 Sensurround systems leapfrogging through select theaters. Other films to use the effect include the WW II naval battle epic "Midway" in 1976 and "Rollercoaster" in 1977.


title: London Boulevard

text: London Boulevard is a 2010 British independent crime film released in the United Kingdom on 26 November 2010. It is based on Ken Bruen's novel of 2001 of the same name, with screenplay and direction by William Monahan, marking his directorial debut. The cast features Colin Farrell, Keira Knightley and Ray Winstone.


title: London Boulevard

text: Harry Mitchel (convicted of grievous bodily harm under never-explained circumstances) is leaving prison. He is propositioned by his friend and former partner-in-crime, Billy Norton, to live in a nice "acquired" apartment, but on condition he work for Billy's criminal boss. On his way to a "welcome back" party, Mitchel saves a woman, Penny, from being mugged.


title: London Boulevard

text: At the party, Billy propositions Mitchel again. Mitchel is told by Billy and their contact, Danny, that his sister, Briony, is in the basement, and he "saves" her from being raped by a drug addict. Mitchel meets Penny for a drink elsewhere, and she offers him a job to help her friend, a reclusive famous "retired" young actress, Charlotte.


title: London Boulevard

text: Mitchel goes to a railway station to visit his friend Joe, a blind homeless Big Issue salesman and gives him a knife to protect himself. The next day, Mitchel meets Charlotte and her friend, Jordan. Charlotte is constantly hounded by the paparazzi perpetually stationed outside her home, taunting and photographing anyone who enters or leaves.


title: London Boulevard

text: Mitchel is offered the job to "assist" and Jordan gives him a tour of the mansion, including a collection of paintings that look like Francis Bacon's studies on Velazquez screaming Popes and a garage full of Charlotte's ex-husband Tim's cars. At his apartment, corrupt police Detective Bailey visits Mitchel and tells him to avoid Billy and forces a small bribe from Mitchel.


title: London Boulevard

text: Mitchel talks to Billy about Detective Bailey, whom Billy cannot stand. Joe is mugged, then brutally beaten by two 16 year old footballers from the estate and left for dead; and one of the boys takes Joe's knife. At the hospital, Dr Sanji Raju lets Mitchel visit Joe, who wants Mitchel to avenge his death.


title: London Boulevard

text: The next day, Billy tells Mitchel that he knows about the car collection and that his boss wants to steal them. At Joe's funeral, Dr Raju tells Mitchel that he wants to date Briony, which Mitchel accepts. Mitchel goes to the pub and asks Danny to find out as much as he can about the two footballers. That night, Mitchel is kidnapped by Billy and taken to his boss, Rob Gant, who insists that Mitchel collect money for him.


title: London Boulevard

text: Charlotte and Mitchel escape from the paparazzi to her mansion in the countryside. Charlotte mentions to Mitchel that something happened to her in Italy, which is implied to be a drug overdose. Jordan reveals to Mitchel that in this incident she was raped by a drug addict, who never got caught but is currently on life support after overdosing on quaaludes, administered by Jordan.


title: London Boulevard

text: Gant threatens Detective Bailey to stop him making Mitchel pay bribes. Later that evening, Mitchel and Billy meet Gant in a garage, where Gant shoots a black man, whom Gant was led to believe by Billy to be one of the Nation of Islam members who beat up Mitchel and scared off Billy while earlier collecting for Gant. Gant yells at Billy, but Mitchel protects Billy and yells at Gant, who claims Mitchel said to kill anyone. Gant tells Mitchel he is now an 'accessory' to the killing, and to meet him at Criterion Restaurant the next night, for an unknown arrangement.


title: London Boulevard

text: Charlotte tells Mitchel she loves him. Later, Mitchel and Gant meet and Gant assigns Mitchel to collect money in Streatham, Clapham and Kennington. Gant reveals that the main mugger footballer has a future and is being scouted by professional teams, and implies that Mitchel had best leave him alone.


title: London Boulevard

text: Mitchel tells Gant that if he "were" a gangster, Gant would be the first person he would kill and would take everything Gant has, but claims he is not a gangster and walks away. Gant, to put Mitchel in trouble, waylays the doctor who owns Mitchel's apartment, and after Gant rapes him, he orders his henchmen, Fletcher and Beaumont, to kill him. Mitchel learns who the footballer is and follows him into a tunnel, planning to shoot him, but has a change of heart at the last moment, and lets the young man walk away unaware.


title: London Boulevard

text: Mitchel visits Charlotte and tells her that he loves her; the two sleep together. Mitchel sees Billy's van and attacks Billy, who says that Gant sent him to kill Mitchel; he warns Mitchel to look for "a big Bosnian fucker". Mitchel borrows one of Charlotte's husband's Rolls Royces and confronts Billy at a pub. He beats Billy, who says Gant will kill everyone whom Mitchel loves, and Mitchel steals the money Billy collected for Gant.


title: London Boulevard

text: Mitchel meets his sister at a restaurant to persuade her to get out of the country and out of Gant's reach. He gives her a train ticket and money, but she ignores the warning, resulting in her and Dr. Raju being killed by Gant. Mitchel and Jordan find Billy's dead body in the front garden of Charlotte's home and the Bosnian, named Storbor, lurking outside the gate.


title: London Boulevard

text: Mitchel asks Jordan to help him kill Storbor and the two follow Storbor to a nightclub where they meet him and the drug addict from the party named Whiteboy. Mitchel kills Gant and it looks to be a happy ending. But when Mitchel walks out to the street on his way to go to America, the young kid he let live stabs him several times in the side and leaves him to die.


title: London Boulevard

text: The film is set in London, which is where the majority of the scenes were filmed, with some scenes shot at Ealing Studios. It was also filmed in Hammerwood Park, East Sussex. Filming began on 8 June. The giant billboard advertising posters of Charlotte's face that appear in the film were shot by fashion photographer David Bailey.


title: London Boulevard

text: A trailer was released on 1 November 2010. The film opened in the United Kingdom on 26 November 2010. When the film was released in the United Kingdom, it opened on #3, behind "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1" and "Unstoppable".


title: London Boulevard

text: IFC Films picked up the release rights in the United States, and had a 5 October 2011 release date for the premiere on Video on Demand, and an 11 November 2011 release date for the theatrical release.


title: London Boulevard

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 38% based on reviews from 48 critics. The site's consensus states: "In spite of its spotless pedigree and a strong sense of visual style, London Boulevard stumbles over its frenetic pace and crowded, clichéd plot." On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 52 out of 100 based on reviews from 13 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: London Boulevard

text: Reviews tended to criticise the narrative as being unfocussed. Betsy Sharkey of the "Los Angeles Times", while praising the cinematography, a "beautifully bleak brush stroke of contemporary noir", and the "brutal extremes" of violence, wrote that "in trying to take a bite out of crime and another out of fame, [Monahan] ended up with more than he can chew for his first time in the director's chair".


title: London Boulevard

text: "The New York Times" reviewer found the cockney accents "virtually unintelligible" and complained of "abbreviated, sometimes unnecessary subplots". "The A.V. Club" also complained of "a surplus of plot threads that don't have space to play out, and accordingly come across as clichés."


title: London Boulevard

text: The film also received significant praise. Among positive reviews, Stephanie Zacharek of "Movieline" praised the cinematography of two time Oscar-winner Chris Menges, and the "aura of '60s stylishness", and noted that the violence is "deftly handled". In "The Hollywood Reporter", Ray Bennett praised the "gleaming cinematography of London at night", and the soundtrack that "succeeds in evoking the '60s while sounding entirely in the present."


title: London Boulevard

text: In "The New York Post", Kyle Smith wrote: "One of Hollywood’s most in-demand writers whips up a potent directorial debut with the vicious, spirited gangster drama 'London Boulevard'." The "Urban Cinefile"'s review stated: "Fast paced with great cinematography and an upbeat score, this graphically violent thriller satisfies on every count".


title: 2021–22 RB Leipzig season

text: The 2021–22 season was the 13th season in the existence of RB Leipzig and the club's sixth consecutive season in the top flight of German football. In addition to the domestic league, RB Leipzig participated in this season's editions of the DFB-Pokal, the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League. This was Jesse Marsch's first season as coach, succeeding Julian Nagelsmann before being sacked mid-season.


title: 2021–22 RB Leipzig season

text: The draw for the round of 16 was held on 25 February 2022. After being drawn against Russian side Spartak Moscow, Leipzig received a bye to the next round following Spartak's expulsion by UEFA and FIFA due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: Alberto Salazar (born August 7, 1958) is an American former track coach and long-distance runner. Born in Cuba, Salazar immigrated to the United States as a child with his family, living in Connecticut and then in Wayland, Massachusetts, where Salazar competed in track and field in high school. Salazar won the New York City Marathon three times in the early 1980s, and won the 1982 Boston Marathon in a race known as the "Duel in the Sun". He set American track records for 5,000 m and 10,000 m in 1982. Salazar was later the head coach of the Nike Oregon Project. He won the IAAF Coaching Achievement Award in 2013.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: In 2015, Salazar was named in a joint BBC "Panorama" and ProPublica investigation into doping allegations. In 2019 Salazar was banned for four years from athletics for doping offenses involving athletes he coached. The Nike Oregon Project was shut down in the wake of the controversy.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: In January 2020 the United States Center for SafeSport placed Salazar on its temporarily banned list while it investigated allegations against him involving sexual and emotional misconduct. SafeSport permanently banned him a year and a half later, in July 2021, after it found that he had committed four violations involving emotional and sexual misconduct. In December 2021, Salazar appealed the ban in arbitration but lost, making him permanently ineligible for any activity held by the USOPC or any sport's USOPC-recognized National Governing Body.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: Born in Cuba, Salazar grew up in Wayland, Massachusetts. His father Jose was a close friend of Fidel Castro and fellow Cuban revolutionary, who became an opponent of the Communist government and member of the anti-Castro movement. The younger Salazar was an outstanding high school runner who was state cross country champion in 1975. He trained with the well-known Greater Boston Track Club (whose members included the likes of Bill Rodgers, Randy Thomas, and Greg Meyer), where he was given the nickname of "the rookie".


title: Alberto Salazar

text: From Massachusetts, he went to the University of Oregon where he won numerous All-American honors, was a member of the 1977 NCAA cross country championship team, and won the individual NCAA cross country championship in 1978. Salazar won the 1978 NCAA national cross country championship in cold, snowy conditions, handing Track & Field News Athlete of the Year Henry Rono one of his few losses of the year. He finished 2nd to Rono in a memorable contest at the 1979 NCAA national cross country championships at Lehigh University, in which Rono (28:19) and Salazar (28:28) ran the 3rd and 5th fastest 10,000-meter cross country times in NCAA championship history. Neither time has been matched in over three decades of NCAA cross country competition since then. After that, he finished third in the Olympic Trials 10,000-meter race in 28:10.42 to make the 1980 Olympic team (which didn't compete in the Olympics in Moscow due to the U.S. boycott) and received one of 461 Congressional Gold Medals created especially for the spurned athletes.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: At the 1978 Falmouth Road Race after fading to 10th place, he collapsed at the finish with a temperature of 107 degrees Fahrenheit (41.7 °C) and was read his last rites prematurely.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: At the 1981 Millrose Games in New York, he set an American indoor 5,000 meter record with a time of 13:21.2, finishing second behind Suleiman Nyambui, who broke the indoor world record with a 13:20.3.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: From 1980 through 1982, Salazar won three consecutive New York City Marathons. His first-ever marathon was the 1980 race, which he won in 2:09:41, at the time the fastest American debut and the second-fastest time recorded by a U.S. runner (behind Bill Rodgers' 2:09:27 at Boston in 1979). He was on that week's cover of "Sports Illustrated" after the victory. In 1981, Salazar set an apparent world record at the New York City Marathon of 2:08:13, surpassing the 12-year-old mark of 2:08:33 set by Australian Derek Clayton in 1969 in Antwerp, Belgium. However, the course was found on re-measurement to be about 148 meters short of the 42.195 kilometers (26 miles, 385 yards) distance. This is equivalent to about 27 seconds.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: In 1982 he won his first and only Boston Marathon after the memorable head-to-head with Dick Beardsley. Salazar won the race in an exciting sprint finish and collapsed at the end before being taken to an emergency room and given six liters of saline solution intravenously because he had not drunk during the race. Salazar ended the year ranked #1 in the world in the marathon by Track & Field News magazine for his wins in Boston and New York, #1 in their North American Road Rankings for his American 10K road record win of 28:04 at the Orange Bowl 10K and his course record of 31:53 at the highly competitive Falmouth road race (his second win and course record there), #8 in the world (and #1 American with an AR of 13:11.93) in the 5,000 meters, and #2 in the world in the 10,000 meters, with three second-place finishes at Eugene (27:30.0), at Oslo in an American Record of 27:25.61, and at Paris (27:29.06).


title: Alberto Salazar

text: Salazar enjoyed success in cross country competition, earning several All-American honors in collegiate and post-collegiate national championships. Salazar was also the U.S. national cross country champion in 1979. He fared well at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships, finishing second in 1982 and fourth in 1983. His silver medal in 1982 marks the last time an American male reached the podium in World Cross Country.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: In addition to a fourth-place finish (only one second behind the top three placers) at the 1983 world cross country championships, Salazar twice broke the American 10 km road record in 1983 with efforts of 28:02 and 28:01 at the Americas 10 km and Continental Homes 10 km respectively. He finished as the top ranker in Track & Field News magazine's North American Road Rankings for 1983. He was also the 10,000-meter national track champion in 1983, pulling away from Craig Virgin in the last straightaway at the U.S. championships in Indiana in June to win his second such title (the first coming in 1981). However, he finished last in the 10,000 meters at the World Track & Field Championships while suffering from bronchitis and was beaten for the first time in the marathon, finishing fifth at the Rotterdam marathon in April (2:10:08) and then fifth again at Fukuoka in December (2:09:21). (The latter time would have been the American Record for the next 17 years except that there was a problem in filing the paperwork with the authorities.)


title: Alberto Salazar

text: In 1984, after a 2nd-place finish by Salazar in the 10,000 meters at the Mt. SAC Relays in 27:45.5, he finished 2nd at the men's Olympic marathon trials (2:11:44) to become a member of the United States Olympic Marathon Team, along with Pete Pfitzinger and John Tuttle. He was considered a favorite to win or medal in the 1984 Summer Olympics but finished a disappointing 15th in 2:14:19 under the hot Los Angeles sun.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: Salazar's competitive decline is often attributed to the stress on his body from that memorable "Duel in the Sun" detailed in the eponymous book by John Brant. Salazar recounts falling into a "more-is-better" mindset which led him to reason that if 120 miles per week yielded a certain level of success, then or even would bring even better results. This intense and grueling regimen of such extremely long distances led to a breakdown of his immune system, and he found himself frequently sick, injured, and otherwise unable to continue training.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: After failing to make the 1988 Olympic Marathon Team Salazar opened a successful restaurant in Eugene, Oregon. Although only able to stagger through four or five miles per run, he remained obsessed with training. Brant wrote that "He couldn't run, yet he couldn't stop running." Salazar unsuccessfully visited the Stanford Sleep Clinic and a cardiologist, had surgery, and trained in Kenya. In 1994 he said that "For most of the last 10 years, I hated running. I hated it with a passion. I used to wish for a cataclysmic injury in which I would lose one of my legs. I know that sounds terrible, but if I had lost a leg, then I wouldn't have to torture myself anymore."


title: Alberto Salazar

text: A doctor diagnosed Salazar's running problems and exercise-induced asthma as largely due to the 1982 marathon, and successfully prescribed Prozac to improve his depression and physical symptoms. After Salazar closed the restaurant he owned, he began training again at the age of 34 and in 1994 won the prestigious Comrades Marathon. He soon retired from competing, believing that he had nothing left to prove as a runner, and became a running coach. Salazar stated that the medication played a role in motivating him to succeed again in professional running though the actual effect of the drug on his performance remains controversial.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: After his competition career, Salazar moved into coaching. By 1996 this included middle-distance runner Mary Decker, who at the age of 37 qualified for the 5000 meters at the Atlanta Olympics. However, a urine test taken in June at the Olympic Trials showed a testosterone to epitestosterone (T/E) ratio greater than the allowable maximum of six to one. While Decker and her lawyers contended that the T/E ratio test is unreliable for women in their late 30s who are taking birth control pills, she was eliminated in the heats at the Olympics. In June 1997, the IAAF banned Decker from competition. Later reinstated by a USATF panel, the IAAF cleared her to compete but took the case to arbitration. In April 1999, the arbitration panel ruled against her, after which the IAAF through a retroactive ban stripped her of a silver medal she had won in the 1500 meters at the 1997 World Indoor Championships.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: Salazar was employed by Nike as coach of the Nike Oregon Project. Aimed at producing Olympic-caliber athletes, project members who have trained under Salazar's tutelage include Alan Webb, Mo Farah, Galen Rupp, Adam Goucher, Kara Goucher, Dan Browne, Amy Yoder Begley, Sifan Hassan and Dathan Ritzenhein. His connection to Oregon and Oregon Sports gave him the distinction of being inducted into the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame in 1997. In August 2012 at the London Summer Olympics, two of Salazar's Olympic-caliber athletes, Mo Farah and Galen Rupp, finished 1st and 2nd respectively in the 10,000 m; Farah also went on to win gold in the 5,000 m, becoming the first British double Olympian in long distance.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: Salazar ran in the ING New York Marathon in 2006, at age 48, serving as a pacesetter for cyclist Lance Armstrong, who was attempting his first marathon. Salazar was primarily responsible for guiding Armstrong for the first of the race, while Joan Benoit Samuelson oversaw the next , and Hicham El Guerrouj the final . With their help, Armstrong met his goal of completing the race under three hours, finishing in 2:59:36.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: On Saturday, June 30, 2007, Salazar suffered a heart attack and was rushed to the hospital. On Sunday, July 1 he was reported to be "groggy" by his family and remained listed in serious condition. On July 2, doctors upgraded his condition from "serious" to "fair". He was released from the hospital on July 8.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: On June 26, 2008, on the eve of the US Olympic trials, Salazar was taken to the hospital again, for dehydration and high blood pressure. He attributes this partially to the stress of coaching five Olympic-hopeful athletes. Afterwards, doctors adjusted his medications, but do not believe that there was any further injury to the heart. He returned to the track to coach his athletes through the trials.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: In 2012, Salazar published the autobiography "14 Minutes: A Running Legend's Life and Death and Life", along with John Brant. The book tracks Salazar's story from his family's roots in Cuba, his adolescence in Massachusetts, through his running career to present-day coaching efforts, culminating in his 14-minute-long heart stop in 2007.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: In June 2015, Salazar was named in a joint BBC "Panorama" and ProPublica investigation into doping allegations. This involved testimonies from various athletes and people associated with Salazar about alleged microdosing of testosterone and prednisone at the Nike Oregon Project. Salazar declined to be interviewed for the programme, but denied any wrongdoing, saying in a statement that the "allegations your sources are making are based upon false assumptions and half-truths in an attempt to further their personal agendas". One of the more high-profile allegations was made by former Nike Oregon Project athlete Kara Goucher, who claimed she was pressured by Salazar to take thyroid medication not prescribed by her doctor to lose weight gained during her pregnancy in 2010. The accusations were addressed by Salazar in public releases.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: On October 1, 2019, USADA banned Salazar and Dr. Jeffrey Stuart Brown, a colleague at the Nike Oregon Project, for doping offences. These included using a WADA prohibited method, tampering with doping control methods and trafficking testosterone through a prohibited testing program. In response, Salazar stated that "Throughout this six-year investigation my athletes and I have endured unjust, unethical and highly damaging treatment from USADA. [...] I have always ensured the World Anti-Doping Agency code is strictly followed." Records of the investigations were unsealed two days later, exposing a pattern of withholding their own medical records from the athletes, ignoring subpoenas, and other forms of delay.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: Salazar appealed his doping ban to the international Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), which upheld his 4-year ban on September 16, 2021. The CAS stated that he was found guilty of "possessing testosterone, complicity in Brown's administration of a prohibited method, and tampering with the doping control process." The CAS did reject USADA's request to increase the ban beyond 4 years, stating that "None of the ADRVs (anti-doping rule violations) directly affected athletic competition, and... there was no evidence put before the CAS as to any effect on athletes competing at the elite level."


title: Alberto Salazar

text: In January 2020, the United States Center for SafeSport sanctioned Salazar with an additional (temporary) ban from coaching, after SafeSport investigated allegations against him of sexual and emotional misconduct. Although SafeSport did not make public the offense or offenses for which it banned him, Mary Cain, Kara Goucher, and Amy Yoder Begley were among those who had previously made public complaints about Salazar's conduct.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: On July 26, 2021, Salazar was deemed "permanently ineligible" by SafeSport, after it found that he had committed four violations of emotional and sexual misconduct, including two instances of his penetrating a runner with his finger while giving an athletic massage.


title: Alberto Salazar

text: Salazar appealed via an arbitration that was held in early December 2021. At the arbitration hearing Salazar denied the accusations against him, and said he did not speak with or see the runner on the days in question. The appeal was unsuccessful as an arbitrator did not find Salazar’s explanation credible, and accepted his accuser’s version of events, determining that he more likely than not had sexually assaulted the athlete on two different occasions and had also made sexually inappropriate comments toward the runner. As a result Salazar was effectively banned for life from participating in any activity put on by or under the auspices of the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee or any sport's USOPC-recognized National Governing Body. Salazar continues to deny involvement in any misconduct and said that he felt the SafeSport process was unfair and "lacked due process protections".


title: Cereal germ

text: The germ of a cereal is the reproductive part that germinates to grow into a plant; it is the embryo of the seed. Along with bran, germ is often a by-product of the milling that produces refined grain products. Cereal grains and their components, such as wheat germ oil, rice bran oil, and maize bran, may be used as a source from which vegetable oil is extracted, or used directly as a food ingredient. The germ is retained as an integral part of whole-grain foods.


title: Cereal germ

text: Non-whole grain methods of milling are intended to isolate the endosperm, which is ground into flour, with removal of both the husk (bran) and the germ. Removal of bran is aimed at producing a flour with a white rather than a brown color, and eliminating fiber, which reduces nutrition. The germ is rich in polyunsaturated fats (which have a tendency to oxidize and become rancid on storage) and so germ removal improves the storage qualities of flour.


title: Cereal germ

text: Wheat germ or wheatgerm is a concentrated source of several essential nutrients, including vitamin E, folate (folic acid), phosphorus, thiamin, zinc, and magnesium, as well as essential fatty acids and fatty alcohols. It is a good source of fiber. White bread is made using flour that has had the germ and bran removed.


title: Cereal germ

text: Wheat germ can be added to protein shakes, casseroles, muffins, pancakes, cereals, yogurt, smoothies, cookies, and other goods.


title: Cereal germ

text: Wheat germ can become rancid if not properly stored in a refrigerator or freezer and away from sunlight.


title: Cereal germ

text: Some manufacturers prevent rancidity by storing wheat germ in vacuum-sealed glass containers, or by placing an oxygen-absorbing sachet inside air-tight packaging.


title: Cereal germ

text: In molecular biology, wheat germ extract is used to carry out cell-free "in vitro" translation experiments since the plant embryo contains all the macromolecular components necessary for translating mRNA into proteins but relatively low levels of its own mRNA.


title: Cereal germ

text: Wheat germ is also useful in biochemistry since it contains lectins that bind strongly to certain glycoproteins; therefore, it can be used to isolate such proteins.


title: Alistair Brownlee

text: Alistair Edward Brownlee MBE (born 23 April 1988) is a British triathlete. He is the only athlete to hold two Olympic titles in the triathlon event, winning gold medals in the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games. He is also a four-time World Champion in triatlon being Triathlon World Champion twice (2009, 2011) and World Team Champion (2011, 2014) twice, a four-time European Champion (2010, 2011, 2014, 2019), and the 2014 Commonwealth champion. Brownlee is the only athlete, male or female, to have completed a grand slam of Olympic, World, continental and Commonwealth championships. Brownlee is also a one-time world champion in aquathlon.


title: Alistair Brownlee

text: His brother Jonathan Brownlee is also a decorated triathlete. Along with long time Spanish rivals Mario Mola and Javier Gómez, and Frenchman Vincent Luis, the Brownlee brothers were considered the dominant male Olympic distance triathletes of the 2010s, and the Brownlees were particularly dominant in the Olympic triathlon races.


title: Alistair Brownlee

text: Brownlee was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2013 New Year Honours for services to sport.


title: Alistair Brownlee

text: Brownlee was educated at Bradford Grammar School, a co-educational independent school in the city of Bradford in Yorkshire. He then started a medicine degree at Girton College, Cambridge, but left after just the first term having decided instead to study Sports Science and Physiology at the University of Leeds, where he gained his degree in 2010. He also completed an MSc in Finance in 2013 at Leeds Metropolitan University.


title: Alistair Brownlee

text: His father Keith was a runner, while his mother Cathy was a swimmer. The eldest of three boys, he has two younger brothers, Jonathan and Edward (b.1995). His younger brother Jonathan Brownlee is also a triathlete, winning the bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics, the silver medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics, and a gold medal in the mixed relay triathlon at the 2020 Summer Olympics and his youngest brother Edward is also a keen sportsman but prefers rugby and water polo over the triathlon.


title: Alistair Brownlee

text: Brownlee was introduced to triathlon at a young age by his uncle, Simon Hearnshaw, who regularly competed in the sport. As a junior, he was a successful fell and cross country runner, coming second in the Junior English Cross Country Championships and winning the Yorkshire County title on several occasions.


title: Alistair Brownlee

text: He has said that "It was only when I won the World Junior Championships in 2006 that I made the conscious decision to really focus on triathlon". This was when Brownlee left Cambridge to move back to Yorkshire, focus on triathlon and study at the University of Leeds. He described his decision to leave Cambridge to a student newspaper there in 2013, saying "trying to fit 30+ hours of training around my degree was pretty impossible. I decided that triathlon was my true passion, so I moved back to study at Leeds on a less demanding course, and in a city where the sport was well supported at the time by British Triathlon". He was a member of the triathlon club based at Leeds Metropolitan University's Carnegie High Performance centre, and was coached by Carnegie Director of Sport Malcolm Brown, and in swimming by Jack Maitland.


title: Alistair Brownlee

text: Brownlee represented Great Britain at the 2008 Summer Olympics in the triathlon event, finishing in 12th place and first British competitor. During the 2008 season, his best world cup finish was 3rd place in Madrid and he also won the under-23 world championship.


title: Alistair Brownlee

text: He won the 2009 ITU Triathlon World Championship, winning all five of the season's ITU World Championship Series events in which he competed. He was victorious in Madrid, Washington D.C, Kitzbühel and London before winning the 2009 season Grand Final, held on Australia's Gold Coast on 12 September and thereby became the first person ever to win the ITU world Triathlon titles for Junior Men (2006), Under 23 Men (2008) and Senior Men (2009).


title: Alistair Brownlee

text: During the 2010 off season, Brownlee sustained a stress fracture of the femur and was not able to return to competition until June, which made defence of his ITU title almost impossible. He did however mark his return to competitive triathlon with a convincing win in Madrid, followed a month later with the European Triathlon Union (ETU) Championships title. Collapsing with exhaustion at the London race in late July, meant that despite winning the final race of the 2010 ITU Series in Budapest, he lost his overall World Championship title to Javier Gómez.


title: Alistair Brownlee

text: In the April opening event of the 2011 ITU Championship season in Sydney, Brownlee suffered a heavy fall while in the lead which brought early disappointment and a 29th-place finish. This was contrasted with outstanding success when, in the space of just twenty-one days during June 2011, he convincingly won the next two ITU series events (in Madrid and Kitzbühel) and, following a puncture whilst in the lead and having to make up more than 30 seconds on the new leaders, successfully defended his European title at the 2011 Pontevedra ETU Triathlon European Championships and shared the podium with his brother Jonathan, who took the silver medal. Alistair won the 2011 ITU world title, after winning the Grand Final in Beijing and the gold medal at the London 2012 Olympics, while his brother took the bronze medal.


title: Alistair Brownlee

text: Brownlee won the Commonwealth Games Triathlon in 2014, controlling the race with his brother from the start, before pulling away on the first lap of the run in dominating style; Jonathan took the silver medal. Brownlee also took gold in the mixed triathlon team relay at the 2014 Commonwealth Games, with brother Jonathan, Vicky Holland and Jodie Stimpson.


title: Alistair Brownlee

text: At the final race of the 2016 World Triathlon Series in Cozumel, Mexico, his brother Jonathan, who had been leading comfortably as they headed into the final kilometre of the 10 km run, began to show the effects of heat and exhaustion, weaving across the course and appearing to be on the verge of collapse. Alistair abandoned his own chance of winning the race, instead opting to assist his brother over the line, finally pushing him to a second-place finish and coming in third himself. The South African Henri Schoeman, who had won bronze behind the Brownlees in Rio, overtook the Brownlee brothers to win the race.


title: Alistair Brownlee

text: Brownlee made his long-course debut at the half-iron distance Challenge Mogan-Gran Canaria triathlon in April 2017, which he won in a time of 4:03:09, finishing over eight minutes ahead of the runner-up. He took another win the following month when he triumphed in the North American Ironman 70.3 Championships in St. George, Utah, which secured his place in the Ironman 70.3 World Championship in September 2017.


title: Alistair Brownlee

text: In the six years from 2005 to 2010, Alistair Brownlee took part in 31 ITU competitions and achieved 24 top ten positions, among which were 13 gold medals, 5 silver medals, and 2 bronze medals.


title: Alistair Brownlee

text: Unless indicated otherwise, the following events are triathlons (Olympic Distance) and refer to the "Elite" category.


title: Alistair Brownlee

text: In 2010, only the femur fracture could slow Brownlee's dominance for some time. At the opening triathlon in Dunkirk (23 May 2010), Alistair was not present, his brother Jonathan won the gold medal. At Beauvais (13 June 2010) Alistair placed 9th. At the "Triathlon de Paris" (18 July 2010), however, and at Tourangeaux (29 August 2010), Brownlee won the gold medals again. At the Grand Final in La Baule (Triathlon Audencia, 18 September 2010), Alistair placed 2nd, Jonathan 3rd, and their rival Javier Gómez Noya won gold.


title: Alistair Brownlee

text: In 2011, Brownlee took part in the French Club Championship Series "Lyonnaise des Eaux" representing the club "ECS Triathlon", which, thanks to the Brownlee brothers and Javier Gómez Noya, had already won the Club Championship in 2010. At Nice (24 April 2011), Dunkirk (22 May 2011), and Paris (9 July 2011) Brownlee was the winner.


title: Bruce Hall (musician)

text: Bruce William Hall (born May 3, 1953) is an American musician, best known for his work as the bass guitarist, backing and occasional lead vocalist for the rock band REO Speedwagon. He joined the band in 1977, performing on the album, "You Can Tune a Piano but You Can't Tuna Fish" released the following year. He replaced Gregg Philbin. Of the five members that constituted the band upon his joining (and they were the only members until 1988), he, Kevin Cronin, and Neal Doughty still remain as of summer of 2022, each having continuously remained as main players.


title: Bruce Hall (musician)

text: Hall wrote and sang lead on a few of the band's songs, including "Back on the Road Again", "Girl With the Heart of Gold" (Hall sings the verse; frontman Kevin Cronin sings the refrain), "Let's Be-Bop", "Someone Tonight", "Hey, Wait a Minute", "After Tonight", and "Born to Love You". He also co-wrote "Thru the Window" and "Accidents Can Happen" with his brother, Jeffery B. Hall and the Christmas carol "I Believe in Santa Claus" with Cronin. He collaborated with other members of REO Speedwagon in composing several other songs, including the title track of the 1974 album "Lost in a Dream" with then-lead singer Mike Murphy before he joined the band.


title: Fiat 500X

text: The Fiat 500X (Type 334) is a subcompact crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Stellantis (formerly Fiat Chrysler Automobiles), since its debut at the 2014 Paris Motor Show. Following the 500L, and produced from 2014 (from 2016 model year for US), the 500X is closely related to the Jeep Renegade. Both are manufactured at FCA's SATA Plant in Melfi, Italy.


title: Fiat 500X

text: The 500X is based on the Small Wide 4×4 architecture, a platform evolved from the GM Fiat Small platform used for the Fiat Grande Punto and Fiat 500L.


title: Fiat 500X

text: The Fiat 500X is available with several engines with optional all-wheel drive with most. At launch, engines available outside of North America included: one gasoline, the turbocharged 1.4 MultiAir2, and two MultiJet turbodiesels displacing 1.6 and 2.0 litres.


title: Fiat 500X

text: In the United States, FCA originally offered the Fiat 500X in Pop, Easy, Lounge, Trekking, and Trekking Plus trim levels — with optional all wheel drive on all but Pop trim level. In Europe, it comes in Pop, Pop Star, Lounge, Cross, Cross Plus and Sport trims, with the all wheel drive available only on the 2.0L Multijet diesel, and the higher powered gasoline versions with automatic gearboxes.


title: Fiat 500X

text: The Italian-made 500X in its most basic Latin American configuration with 6 airbags and ESC received 5 stars for adult occupants, 5 stars for toddlers, and "Advanced Award" from Latin NCAP in 2018.


title: Fiat 500X

text: The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety named the 2016 Fiat 500X small crossover a 2015 Top Safety Pick+, its highest rating.


title: Suzee Pai

text: Suzee Pai (born 8 August 1962) is an American former actress and model who was the "Penthouse" Pet of the Month in January 1981.


title: Suzee Pai

text: Born in Toledo, Ohio, Pai was a Penthouse Pet of the Month in 1981 and also appeared in a follow-up pictorial in June 1982. She was also featured in the annual "Sex in the Cinema" pictorial in "Playboy" magazine in November 1982 for the scene shot, but not used, in the movie "First Blood". She also competed in the spokesmodel category of the 1980s Ed McMahon entertainment competition show "Star Search" in its second season.


title: Suzee Pai

text: Pai went on to appear in several feature films and television shows including the Burt Reynolds action film "Sharky's Machine" (1981), the Sylvester Stallone action film "First Blood" (1982), John Carpenter's "Big Trouble in Little China" (1986), "Jakarta" (1988), and "The Cosby Show" (1984). She had a reoccurring role in the NBC comedy-drama "Tattingers" (1988–1989).


title: Lisa Simone

text: Lisa Simone Kelly (born Lisa Celeste Stroud, September 12, 1962) is an American singer, composer and actress, known for her work on and off Broadway, in "Rent", "The Lion King", "Aida", and "Les Miserables". She is the only child of the late musician and civil rights activist Nina Simone from her marriage to police detective Andrew Stroud and is the executive producer of the Netflix documentary "What Happened, Miss Simone?" Simone's albums include "Simone on Simone", "All is Well", "My World", and "Live at the Edge".


title: Lisa Simone

text: As a child, Simone often lived with relatives and friends due to her mother's busy touring schedule, her parents' tempestuous marriage, as well as Nina's mental health problems. Later in life, Simone alleged that her mother was emotionally and physically abusive, driving her to the point of contemplating suicide until finally going to New York to live with her father.


title: Lisa Simone

text: As a young adult, Simone served in the United States Air Force for over 10 years as an engineering assistant stationed at Davis Monthan in Tucson, Arizona, Osan Airbase in South Korea, and Rhein Main Air Base in Frankfurt, Germany. She is a veteran of the Gulf War. After being honorably discharged, Simone sang background for various European artists and was part of the Spanish artist Raphael's touring chorus.


title: Lisa Simone

text: Simone's theatrical stage debut was in a national tour of the Andrew Lloyd Webber rock musical "Jesus Christ Superstar", as a Soul Sister, Simon, and understudy for Mary. In 1996, she continued her career as a swing and female understudy in the original Broadway production of "Rent" at which time she also performed the roles of Aida in Disney's "Aida" and Nala in "The Lion King". Later that year, Simone performed the lead role of Mimi Marquez in "Rent"'s first national tour, from November 1996 to April 1998. She was nominated for both a Helen Hayes Award and a Jefferson Award for her performances.


title: Lisa Simone

text: Starting in 1998 Simone took a hiatus from the theatre during which she toured and recorded two albums with the acid jazz band Liquid Soul as a featured vocalist. Along with the rest of the band, she was nominated for a Grammy Award for their 2000 album "Here's the Deal". Simone then returned to the Broadway stage in the title role of the Disney musical "Aida". She performed the role from January 29, 2002, until June 15, 2003. She won the National Theatre Award for Best Actress in a Musicalvoted on by fansfor her performances on Aida's First National Tour before returning to Broadway's Palace Theatre. She reprised this role for a short time at The Muny Theater in St. Louis in the summer of 2006. In August 2007, she played Fantine in "Les Misérables" at The Muny.


title: Lisa Simone

text: Simone has released five solo albums: "Simone on Simone," "All Is Well", "Lisa Simone with Tromsø Big Band Live at the Edge", "My World", and "In Need of Love".


title: Lisa Simone

text: Simone is married to Robert Kelly. Simone has appeared on "Psychic Kids", the "Larry King Show", and the "Tyra Banks Show".


title: Lisa Simone

text: Simone is also fluent in French, having been partly raised in Switzerland. She was featured on the France 24 program "A l'Affiche" on April 5, 2016.


title: Preston (singer)

text: Samuel Dylan Murray Preston (born 16 January 1982), more commonly known simply as Preston, is an English singer in the band the Ordinary Boys. He also appeared in the reality television show "Celebrity Big Brother" in 2006, in which he finished fourth. After the Ordinary Boys split in 2008, he embarked on a songwriting career. In 2013, he officially reunited the Ordinary Boys and in 2015 they released their self-titled comeback album.


title: Preston (singer)

text: Samuel Preston was born in Worthing, West Sussex. He was educated at Sompting Abbotts prep school and Bishop Luffa School in Chichester. He is son to Anthony and Miranda Preston (born in Philadelphia), and brother to Alex and Lucy Preston. His grandfather was the Princeton University English professor Samuel Hynes. His brother, Alex Preston, is a novelist. In his teenage years, Preston lived in Philadelphia with his mother's side of the family. He is a descendant of the 19th-century British Prime Minister Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey.


title: Preston (singer)

text: Preston became the lead singer of Worthing-based pop group, the Ordinary Boys. They had a string of top-ten hits in the UK Singles Chart. Their most famous song, "Boys Will Be Boys", featured in the 2007 film "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix".


title: Preston (singer)

text: After the Ordinary Boys split, Preston started working on material for a solo album, and released the song "Dressed to Kill", on 5 July 2009 as part of T4. The song samples the introduction from the song "Happy House" by Siouxsie and the Banshees. The single was released on 7 September 2009 but failed to chart after Preston had to delay the launch and pull out of promotional performances after breaking both arms in a bicycle accident. He is now a songwriter. In 2011, Preston co-wrote the number one Olly Murs song "Heart Skips a Beat". Preston announced the reforming of the Ordinary Boys in 2011, and a new 12-date tour. Preston also co wrote the song and duet "Beautiful" by Enrique Iglesias and Kylie Minogue for their respective albums, and his track "Dressed to Kill" was re-recorded by American singer Cher for her album "Closer to the Truth".


title: Preston (singer)

text: In January 2006, Preston appeared on Channel 4's fourth series of "Celebrity Big Brother". During his time in the house he became close to the eventual winner, Chantelle Houghton. Preston was evicted during the final episode on 27 January 2006, finishing in fourth place.


title: Preston (singer)

text: In 2007, Preston filmed a documentary on voodoo for Channel 4. He has also presented "Top of the Pops" and "".


title: Preston (singer)

text: In January 2007, Preston appeared as a guest panellist on comedy gameshow "Never Mind the Buzzcocks" (Season 20, Episode 3). He walked out of the studio during the programme's recording, offended by jokes made at Houghton's expense by the show's host Simon Amstell, who read extracts from Chantelle's autobiography. In an interview with NME after the incident, he claimed that Simon Amstell didn't write his own jokes, and called him a "snotty little posh boy". He later regretted this, reflecting to the BBC "I'm struggling to think why I would have acted so weird." Speaking of Amstell, Preston said he is "funny, charming and likeable, which made it [walking off] all the more embarrassing".


title: Preston (singer)

text: On 24 August 2010, he returned to the Big Brother franchise for "Ultimate Big Brother", along with his now ex-wife Chantelle; he finished sixth.


title: Preston (singer)

text: A week after the end of "Celebrity Big Brother," Preston became engaged to his longtime French girlfriend, Camille Aznar. He kept in contact with Houghton from the Big Brother show, and broke up with Aznar a month later to allow Houghton to move into his Brighton flat. He and Houghton got engaged on 11 April 2006 and, in an exclusive £300,000 each deal with OK! magazine, they were married on 25 August 2006 at Dartmouth House in Mayfair, London.


title: Preston (singer)

text: Preston and Houghton announced their separation on 27 June 2007, and received the decree nisi for their divorce on 21 November 2007.


title: Preston (singer)

text: Preston moved to Philadelphia in the US in 2008, where he lived for 3 years. He had American citizenship from his mother's side of the family.


title: Preston (singer)

text: In 2017, he was hospitalised following a fall from a balcony in Denmark. As of 2018, Preston is engaged to Emily Smith.


title: Kammatipaadam

text: Kammatipaadam, alternatively spelled as Kammatti Paadam, is a 2016 Indian Malayalam-language action drama film directed by Rajeev Ravi and written by P. Balachandran. The film stars Dulquer Salmaan, Vinayakan, Shaun Romy, Manikandan R. Achari, Vinay Forrt, Shine Tom Chacko, and Suraj Venjaramoodu. The songs were composed by K, John P. Varkey and Vinayakan while the background score was composed by K.


title: Kammatipaadam

text: The film centers on Kammattippaadam, a slum locality in Kochi, Kerala. It focuses on how the Dalit community was forced to give up their lands to real-estate mafias and how modern urbanisation of Kochi metro-city took place over the plight of the Dalits.


title: Kammatipaadam

text: The film won four awards at the 47th Kerala State Film Awards, including Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor, Best Art Director and Best Film Editing. It has been listed by several publications as one of the best Malayalam films of the decade and a defining movie of the New Wave Movement.


title: Kammatipaadam

text: Krishnan, who works in a security firm in Mumbai, receives a call from his childhood friend Ganga. The call indicates that Ganga is in danger and needs Krishnan's help. Later, Krishnan travels to Kerala to find Ganga. During his journey, Krishnan recalls the memories of his hometown Kammattippaadam.


title: Kammatipaadam

text: In the early 1980s, Krishnan, a primary school student befriends Gangadharan/Ganga, a kid who belongs to a Dalit family. Ganga's brother Balan/Balan Chettan is a thug and is involved in smuggling spirit. Both Krishnan and Ganga are introduced to violence at a very young age. Krishnan is in love with Anitha, a relative of Ganga (Anitha is Ganga's bride as per custom).


title: Kammatipaadam

text: Krishnan, Ganga, Balan Chettan, Venu and others form a gang working for a local real estate conman named Surendran Aashaan. After the gang is involved in a fight, Krishnan kills a police officer while trying to save Ganga. He then goes to jail and returns to Kammattippaadam only to discover that the gang is now more advanced and are smuggling spirit under the leadership of Surendran Aashaan. The gang creates a lot of enemies, which includes Johnny. Krishnan discovers that Ganga is also in love with Anitha and is planning to get married soon. The gang threatens the local people to leave their homes at low price. Ganga's grandfather is devastated at his grandchildrens' involvement in it and he dies grief-stricken at their disrespect.


title: Kammatipaadam

text: Balan who is now a changed man after his grandfather's death wants to stop everything. One night Balan's wife demands to go to medical shop to get some supplies. They are accompanied by both Ganga and Krishnan. Balan Chettan says that he wants to stop his criminal activity and simply wants to live happily with his family in Kammattippaadam by starting a travel agency. During their conversation about Anitha, Balan mentions his wish to see Krishnan marry her and this causes Ganga and Balan to end up in a fight. Ganga gets out of the car. Later, Balan, Krishnan and Balan's wife Rosamma reach the nearby medical shop. Rosamma and Krishnan get out of the car and walk towards the medical shop. Balan, too intoxicated stays in the car which moments later gets hit by a truck, explodes and leaves Balan Chettan dead. Ganga blames Krishnan for his brother's death and both their friendship is torn apart.


title: Kammatipaadam

text: Later, Krishnan starts a travel agency and Ganga still remains a thug. The gang later hanging out in a bar, a discussion cracks out among the gang members, one among them asks whether Krishnan remembers how much he has vomited while coming back from a trip at Alappuzha & he says the stain of Krishnan's vomit is still persistent on the bathroom wall, meanwhile they meet a friend Sumesh & the discussion turns to be serious when they learn that Johnny was the one who planned Balan's murder. An enraged Krishnan and Ganga stab Johnny, landing them in trouble, chased by the police. Krishnan gets arrested saving Ganga. Meanwhile, Ganga marries Anitha and then Krishnan relocates to Mumbai.


title: Kammatipaadam

text: In the present, Krishnan learns about the mishaps created by Ganga and tries to find him with the help of Rosamma. Rosamma reveals that it could be Johnny who is behind Ganga's problems and Krishnan sets on a journey to find Johnny. Johnny who is paralysed after Ganga stabbing him says that he is not aware of Ganga's whereabouts. Krishnan beats down all of Johnny's gang members but the fight ends with Krishnan getting stabbed by Johnny's brother Sunny.


title: Kammatipaadam

text: Later, Krishnan is left heartbroken when he hears that Ganga's dead body has been found. He later seeks the help of Aashaan who is now a big business entrepreneur to find the real killer only to discover that he is the one who murdered Ganga. Aashaan reveals that he killed Ganga due to his constant disturbance and demands for money. Aashaan is killed by Krishnan kicking him out the window of his high storey apartment built on the swamps on Kammattippaadam.


title: Kammatipaadam

text: Ernakulam was a small town during the early 1950s, and during the first communist government of EMS Namboodiripad in 1957, small tracts of farm land were given to all landless community, mainly to the Dalit community, under the Land Reforms Ordinance Act. But in the later years, Ernakulam boomed into a metro city, and real estate skyrocketed. The swamps and paddy fields were converted to housing boards, luxury villas and apartments.


title: Kammatipaadam

text: "Kammatipadam" shows how the Dalits were forced by their own brethren (depicted in the film as Balan Chettan and gang) to sell out their lands to the real estate mafia, of which the members were born among them (represented by Surendran aka Aashaan in the film). It is an irony that Balan Chettan and Gangadharan who work as goons of the mafia themselves are grandsons of a staunch Communist grandfather (Achachan in the film). Father of Gangadharan is also depicted as strong believer of Communism, who reads only Deshabhimani, the official Communist daily. By the time Balan and the gang understood the reality, literally, they lost the ground under their feet and even their lives. Dalits had no right over the lands through generations, but when they got it, their own next generation's irresponsible and uncivil deeds, despite the warning from elders, led to losing those rights. The events in the movie show how undesirable events unfold within a community that does not understand the meaning of liberty and lacks unity and civility. Because of the rude deeds of few uncivil minds in their own community, the history of Dalits repeats, as most of them lose their lands and existence itself. Although the film upholds intercaste friendship and marriage values, the main characters' lives are depicted to be wasted due to their irresponsible and impulsive behaviour.


title: Kammatipaadam

text: Rajeev Ravi wrote in an article in "Deshabhimani" few days after the release of the movie that the word ‘Pulayan’ was not allowed to be used even once in the movie by the Censor Board.


title: Kammatipaadam

text: The film started production in September 2015 in Mumbai. The title "Kammattipaadam" was announced in February 2016. The filming was completed on 10 March 2016 and the release was scheduled for May 2016. A one-minute twenty five second long trailer of film was released on 16 May in YouTube.


title: Kammatipaadam

text: The soundtrack features songs composed by three composers, namely K, John P. Varkey and Vinayakan. The background score was composed by K.


title: Kammatipaadam

text: "Kammatipaadam" released in theatres on May 20, 2016. The DVDs and VCDs of the film were released on 10 August 2016.


title: Kammatipaadam

text: Anurag Kashyap has stated that "Kammatipaadam" is one of the best gangster movies ever made in India. He also appreciated the brilliant performance of actors in the movie.


title: Kammatipaadam

text: Gowtham VS of "The Indian Express" wrote: "Rajiv Ravi has dismantled all conventional concepts of Malayali aesthetics by capturing the unadulterated beauty of black skin through characters who portrayed the lives of Dalits. The director has continued to use his anarchic concepts of visualisation, which include shaky shots, blurred frames and sometimes abrupt sequences. The realistic and daring approach of Rajiv Ravi deserves standing ovation at times when the paper tigers in this industry still fear to come up with something different from the old mould." A critic from "Indiaglitz.com" described it as "one classy movie which needs to be applauded for its passion and intensity".


title: Kammatipaadam

text: The film has collected on its opening day at the Kerala box office, becoming the fifth Malayalam film of 2016 with highest first day collection after "Kali", "King Liar", "Darvinte Parinamam" and "Action Hero Biju" and within three days of release from the Kochi multiplexes and from the Chennai box office. It collected from all over India in its first week. The film collected around within 12 days from all India box office. The film collected during its third weekend in the U.S. market. The film was a super hit collecting from Kerala box office, the budget was .


title: Please Stand By

text: Please Stand By is a 2017 American comedy-drama film directed by Ben Lewin and based on the 2008 short play of the same name by Michael Golamco, who also wrote the screenplay. The film stars Dakota Fanning, Toni Collette, Alice Eve, River Alexander and Patton Oswalt, and was distributed by Magnolia Pictures. After playing at various film festivals, the film was simultaneously released theatrically and on-demand on January 26, 2018.


title: Please Stand By

text: Wendy—a brilliant autistic young woman who has a fixation on "Star Trek"—lives a routine life in a San Francisco group home where she is monitored by the house manager, Scottie. She spends her time writing a 450-page "Star Trek" script to enter in Paramount Pictures' screenwriting contest in hopes of winning the $100,000 prize. Wendy is visited by her sister Audrey, who shows Wendy pictures of her infant daughter, Ruby, and reveals that she is selling their childhood home. Wendy asks Audrey to take her home, arguing that she will be able to buy back the house and help Audrey care for Ruby once she wins the screenwriting contest. Audrey refuses, informing Wendy she isn't capable of caring for a baby. Unfortunately, Wendy has a meltdown and Audrey leaves the group home weeping.


title: Please Stand By

text: After Wendy misses the mail-in date to send her script to Paramount Pictures, she decides to deliver the script herself. She leaves the group home early the next morning and is followed by the group home's small dog, Pete. Wendy and Pete board a bus to Los Angeles, but are kicked off and left by the side of the road after Pete urinates on the bus. Wendy then wanders into a shanty town, where she is robbed of most of her money. She then wanders to a nearby shop and is nearly swindled out of the last of her money by an employee. An elderly woman named Rose intervenes to stop the employee from exploiting Wendy. Rose sympathizes with Wendy as her grandson is also autistic, and lets Wendy accompany her on the senior citizens' bus. The bus driver subsequently falls asleep at the wheel, crashing the bus without warning.


title: Please Stand By

text: Following the bus crash, Wendy wakes up in a hospital in Bakersfield. Still determined to deliver her script as planned, Wendy leaves Pete at the hospital and escapes. During her escape, Wendy loses part of her script by chance. She gathers used paper and begins rewriting the script. Simultaneously, Audrey and Scottie have realized Wendy is missing. They begin to search for her and file a missing persons report. After correctly deducing that Wendy left for Los Angeles to personally deliver her script, Scottie and her son Sam leave on the road. The Bakersfield hospital notifies Scottie and Audrey of Wendy's whereabouts; police continue the search from there. Scottie and Sam find the missing script pages while scouring the hospital.


title: Please Stand By

text: Wendy then attempts to buy a bus ticket to Los Angeles, but is unable as she has no money. She ultimately stows away on the next bus to Los Angeles, hiding herself inside a baggage compartment. Upon her arrival in Los Angeles, Wendy wanders around until two police officers recognize her from the missing persons report. Fortunately, Officer Frank gains Wendy's trust by speaking to her in Klingon. The officers bring Wendy to the police station, where she is reunited with Audrey and Scottie. They bring Wendy to Paramount Pictures so she can deliver her script as planned.


title: Please Stand By

text: Despite being stonewalled by a bad-mannered mailroom worker, Wendy is able to sneak past security and submit the script to the turn-in box. Satisfied that she has completed her mission, Wendy informs her sister she did this to prove that she was more capable than Audrey thought. Wendy returns to the group home where she later receives a letter from Paramount Pictures informing her that her script was not chosen, but encouraging her to continue writing. Despite the rejection from the movie studio, she is satisfied with everything she has accomplished. Wendy visits Audrey at their childhood home and holds her niece in her arms for the first time, while Audrey embraces Wendy.


title: Please Stand By

text: It had its world premiere at the Austin Film Festival on October 27, 2017. It was theatrically released on January 26, 2018 and on VOD by Magnolia Home Entertainment on May 1, 2018.


title: Please Stand By

text: "Please Stand By" grossed $9,868 in the United States and Canada, and $396,864 in other territories, for a worldwide total of $406,732. Sales of its DVD/Blu-ray releases have grossed an estimated $145,291.


title: Please Stand By

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 58% based on 38 reviews, and an average rating of 5.86/10. The website's critical consensus reads, ""Please Stand By" hits a number of familiar coming-of-age beats, but adds just enough of a "Trek"-fueled twist to keep things interesting." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 49 out of 100, based on 12 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: Knee Deep in the Hoopla

text: Knee Deep in the Hoopla is the debut studio album by American AOR band Starship, the succeeding musical project to Jefferson Starship. It was released on September 10, 1985, through record label Grunt.


title: Knee Deep in the Hoopla

text: Four singles were released from the album: the No. 1 hits "We Built This City" and "Sara", "Tomorrow Doesn't Matter Tonight" (No. 26 US Hot 100) and "Before I Go" (No. 68 US Hot 100).


title: Knee Deep in the Hoopla

text: AllMusic retrospectively described "Knee Deep in the Hoopla" as the Jefferson Airplane/Jefferson Starship/Starship project's "most overtly commercial effort to date".


title: Knee Deep in the Hoopla

text: The track "Desperate Heart", written by Michael Bolton and Randy Goodrum, also appears on Bolton's album "Everybody's Crazy", released the same year. Two songs sung by Grace Slick were recorded for but left off the album: Slick's own "Do You Remember Me?" (released on "The Best of Grace Slick") and the Peter Wolf–Jeremy Smith composition "Casualty" (included as a bonus track on the 1999 remaster). Jeannette and Pete Sears wrote a song for the album called "One More Innocent", but it was rejected for its political lyrics.


title: Knee Deep in the Hoopla

text: "Cash Box" said of the track "Tomorrow Doesn't Matter Tonight" that "Mickey Thomas’ sensational lead vocal keeps this cut aloft with exhilerating sonic flight" and that "It slices like a double bladed sword, and backed by searing rock guitars and a churning rhythm." "Billboard" called that song "exemplary American AOR of the '80s, interrupted only by an ethereal bridge."


title: Knee Deep in the Hoopla

text: Four singles were released from the album: the No. 1 hits "We Built This City" and "Sara", "Tomorrow Doesn't Matter Tonight" and "Before I Go".


Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy (SVPNPA) is the civil service training institution in India. The institute trains Indian Police Service (IPS) officers before they are sent to their respective state cadres to carry out their duties. The academy is in Shivrampalli, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.


title: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy

text: The academy was established on 15 September 1948, as the Central Police Training College (CPTC). In 1967, the Institution was renamed as the National Police Academy (NPA). Later, in 1974, it was named after India's former Deputy Prime Minister Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel who was the man responsible for creating the All India Services and for establishing a training institution to train IPS officers. In 1975, the Academy attained its current shape which once was the biggest police training grounds of Nizam of Hyderabad at Hyderabad.


text: The National Police Academy (NPA) is situated on the Hyderabad - Bangalore highway, 8 km from the city. It is spread over 277 acres.


text: It trains officers of the Indian Police Service, who have been selected through the All-India Civil Services Examination. The trained officers will be posted as Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) in their respective states under whom the other sub-ranks of police force will be working. The recruitment of sub-ranks such as constables, sub-inspectors, inspectors, Deputy Superintendent of Police is each state's prerogative and will be done by respective state director generals of police. The IPS cadre is controlled by the Home Ministry of the Government of India and the officer of this service can only be appointed or removed by an order of the President of India.


text: Apart from the Basic Training Course for IPS officers the Academy conducts three In-service Management Development Programmes for officers of Superintendent of Police, Deputy Inspector General of Police and Inspector General levels of the Indian Police Service; 'Training of Trainers' Courses for the trainers of police training institutions in the country; IPS Induction Training Course for State Police Service Officers; and short specialised thematic courses, seminars and workshops on professional subjects for all levels of police officers. Foreign police officers and other officers belonging to IRS/IAS/IFS/Judiciary/CAPF, public sector undertakings, nationalised banks, insurance companies etc. also attend specialised courses conducted here from time to time. The academy is affiliated to Osmania University for conducting courses on police subjects for IPS officers.


text: In recognition of the outstanding achievements of the academy and its service to the nation, the academy received the President's Colours on its 40th anniversary on 15 September 1988.


text: The Academy is headed by a Director, an IPS officer of the rank of Director General of Police (3-star rank) and assisted by 2 Joint Directors of the rank of Inspector General of Police, 3 Deputy Directors of the rank of Deputy Inspector General of Police, and 20 Assistant Directors. The Assistant Directors include 8 IPS/SPS officers of the rank of Superintendent of Police from state cadres, a Forensic Scientist, a Judicial Service Officer, a specialist each in Training Methodology, Computers and Wireless. The sanctioned strength of the faculty includes management professors, reader in Behavioural Sciences, reader in Teaching Methodology, medical officers, junior scientific officer, Hindi instructor, photographic officer and chief drill instructor. The supporting staff include administrative, ministerial and medical staff and other Group D employees.


title: Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

text: Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship or Warmia-Masuria Province or Warmia-Mazury Province (in , is a voivodeship (province) in northeastern Poland. Its capital and largest city is Olsztyn. The voivodeship has an area of and a population of 1,425,967 (as of 2019).


title: Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

text: The Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship was created on 1 January 1999, from the entire Olsztyn Voivodeship, the western half of Suwałki Voivodeship and part of Elbląg Voivodeship, pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. The province's name derives from two historic regions, Warmia and Masuria.