title: N. G. Ranga

text: In Oxford, Ranga was influenced by the works of H. G. Wells, Sydney Webb, Bertrand Russell, and John Stuart Mill. Initially attracted to guild socialism in Europe, the progress of the USSR would turn him into a Marxist. Later, the Stalinist oppression of peasants and forced collectivization in the 1930s drove Ranga away from the Marxist fold.


title: N. G. Ranga

text: Ranga met Mahatma Gandhi in Madras and was so impressed that he joined the civil disobedience movement in 1929. He became part of mainstream politics with his entry in the central assembly in 1930. He opposed the Simon Commission report and participated in the first Round Table Conference.


title: N. G. Ranga

text: Based on methodology of the British Labour Party's political school, he went on to establish similar schools in Andhra to turn peasants into politically conscious citizens. The first Andhra Farmers’ School was opened in 1934 at his native village Nidubrolu.


title: N. G. Ranga

text: Ranga joined the freedom movement inspired by Gandhi's clarion call in 1930. He led the ryot agitation in 1933. He wrote a book, "Bapu Blesses," about his discussions with Gandhi.


title: N. G. Ranga

text: In the course of the Indian freedom struggle, he led the historic Ryot Agitation of Andhra in 1933. His pro-peasantry advocacy was reflected in his support of the farmers’ agitation against the zamindari oppression at Venkatagiri. He convinced Gandhi to support the movement, despite opposition from other members of Congress. The peasant movement gradually intensified and spread across the rest of India. All of these radical developments on the peasant front culminated in the formation of the All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) at the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress in April 1936, with Sahajanda Saraswati elected as its first president and Ranga as a general secretary. The Kisan Manifesto, which was released in August 1936, demanded the abolition of the zamindari system and the cancellation of rural debts.


title: N. G. Ranga

text: Ranga continuously organized farmers of the region. Along with his wife, Bharathi Devi, he associated himself with the Satyagraha (1940) and the Quit India Movement (1942), and also played a decisive role in connecting peasants with the national liberation movement. He was elected as a member of the Constituent Assembly in 1946 and became a member of the Provisional Parliament of India until after the first elections under the new constitution in 1952.


title: N. G. Ranga

text: Ranga wrote multiple books, one of them being "Bapu Blesses," regarding his discussions with Gandhi. Ranga's academic publications were mostly written about the conditions of peasants and laborers in the countryside. Known as Rythu Ranga and Coolie Ranga, he fought against both the colonial and socialist Indian state to ensure dignity for farmers. He wrote other books on diverse subjects like the credo of world peasantry, economic organization of Indian villages, and the Indian adult education movement.


title: N. G. Ranga

text: In 1951, in a closely contested presidential election of the Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee, Ranga was defeated by Neelam Sanjiva Reddy. Due to ideological differences, Ranga and Tanguturi Prakasam resigned from Congress and organized the Hyderabad State Praja Party, which was further split into the Krishikar Lok Party (KLP) for peasants, under the leadership of Ranga as the president. KLP contested the 1951 Lok Sabha elections, winning one seat. KLP also contested the 1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election and won 15 seats. In the 1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election, Congress, Praja Party and KLP formed an alliance and KLP won 22 seats. After the election, on the request of Nehru, Ranga merged KLP with the Congress party. He was elected to Congress in the 1957 general election from Tenali Lok Sabha constituency.


title: N. G. Ranga

text: Ranga's differences with Nehru were visible from the beginning. As part of the Kumarappa Committee on land reforms, he did not support land ceiling measures. Ranga was also opposed to the whole socialist apparatus of the Five-Year Plans and Planning Commission. He refused to join Nehru's cabinet when offered a ministerial berth. In response to Nehru's advocacy of cooperative farming, Ranga mobilized lakhs of peasants in Machilipatnam to oppose the abolition of property rights by the state. The 1959 Nagpur Resolution of INC was the final straw. The socialists in Congress proposed cooperative farming to emulate Mao's collectivization drive. The threat to property rights in an increasingly socialist India galvanized a disparate set of anti-Congress leaders to come together and form the Swatantra Party. Ranga became the party's first president.


title: N. G. Ranga

text: As a Swatantrite parliamentarian, Ranga's advocacy of liberty was most visible during the debates over the proposed 17th amendment in 1964. The amendment would empower state governments to acquire land from ordinary farmers without paying for it. Ranga's rousing speech in Parliament against the bill led to its defeat. Ranga's concern for farmers’ welfare was recognized by Nehru, who said, “As long as Rangaji is in Parliament, the Indian peasants could sleep without any worry.” On the question of his opposition to Nehru, Ranga clarified: “It was for the freedom of the peasants and in defense of dharma. I’ve visualized the resulting implications of his anti-farmer policies. Knowing fully well that opposing Pandit Nehru can be politically dangerous to me, I performed my duty in defense of my convictions."


title: N. G. Ranga

text: The dissident parties, the Congress (O), Jan Sangh and the Samyukta Socialist Party, formed an alliance with Swatantra Party called the National Democratic Front and fought against the Indian National Congress led by Indira Gandhi in the 1971 Indian general elections. After facing the massive defeat of his Swatantra party in the elections, Ranga rejoined the Indian National Congress and supported Indira Gandhi, to advance his goal of uplifting peasants.


title: N. G. Ranga

text: Ranga worked as a member of the Congress Working Committee (CWC 1975–85), and Deputy Leader of Congress Parliamentary Party (1980–1991).


title: N. G. Ranga

text: Ranga died on June 9, 1995. Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao said that when Ranga died, the country lost an outstanding parliamentarian who was a champion of public causes and rural peasants. The Andhra Pradesh government declared a 3-day state mourning period.


title: Phenomenon (UFO album)

text: Phenomenon is the third studio album by English hard rock band UFO, released in May 1974. It is the band's first album to feature lead guitarist Michael Schenker, who replaced Mick Bolton.


title: Phenomenon (UFO album)

text: Their third studio album in total, "Phenomenon" was UFO's debut with major label Chrysalis Records and also their first to be released in the United States. With the arrival of ex-Scorpions lead guitarist Michael Schenker, "Phenomenon" saw UFO begin to leave their blues-based "space rock" sound behind as the band began transitioning to a more straightforward hard rock sound.


title: Phenomenon (UFO album)

text: The album was produced by Leo Lyons, bass guitarist of British rock group Ten Years After. All tracks were recorded at Morgan Studios in London. The original cover design and photos were produced by Hipgnosis.


title: Phenomenon (UFO album)

text: British heavy metal band Iron Maiden released a cover version of "Doctor Doctor" as the b-side of the "Lord of the Flies" single in 1995. They also included it in their "Eddie's Archive" boxed set collection of 2002.


title: New York State Police

text: The New York State Police (NYSP) is the state police of the state of New York in the United States. It is part of the New York State Executive Department, and employs over 5,000 sworn state troopers and 711 civilian members.


title: New York State Police

text: The State of New York did not establish a state police force until the early twentieth century. In part this reflected the pattern of settlement across a wide frontier. A number of proposals to create such a force during the early 1900s, but faced considerable opposition from trade union interests. They feared the police would be used against union organizing, as was happening in several other states.


title: New York State Police

text: Following the 1913 murder of Sam Howell, a construction foreman in Westchester County, and failure of the local police to arrest suspects he had named before his death, the New York State Legislature passed a bill to establish a state police force. The New York State Police was officially established on April 11, 1917.


title: New York State Police

text: The division's first superintendent was George Fletcher Chandler, who was appointed by Governor Charles S. Whitman. Chandler is credited with much of the division's early organization and development. Chandler coined the term "New York State Troopers." He was an early advocate of officers carrying their weapons exposed on a belt, which was not common practice at the time.


title: New York State Police

text: On January 1, 1980, the Long Island State Parkway Police merged with the state police; this resulted in the official establishment of Troop L. In October 1997, the New York State Capital Police was consolidated and absorbed into the state police.


title: New York State Police

text: Since February 1994, the agency has accepted DNA evidence for forensic investigation and analysis. The New York State Police Forensic Investigation Center (FIC) opened in November 1996. The Crime Laboratory performs DNA analysis for state investigations and for local law enforcement. It includes a new DNA Data Bank Section that compiles DNA records from violent felons sentenced to prison in New York State. These records can be searched and compared by computer to other evidence collected in unsolved crimes.


title: New York State Police

text: In December 2019, Governor Andrew Cuomo announced that the New York State Park Police was to be merged with the New York State Police. The merger was expected to take about six months. However, in January 2022, New York officials announced that the two police forces would remain separate.


title: New York State Police

text: The NYSP divides New York state geographically into eleven "Troops," each comprising a specific geographic area, usually several counties. Each is supervised by a "Troop Commander" usually of the rank of Major. NYSP Troops cover the following counties and regions as listed:


title: New York State Police

text: Each Troop encompasses 2–4 "Zones" which are referred to simply by a Zone number. There are up to several "sub-stations" located within each zone.


title: New York State Police

text: Trooper uniforms are made of grey wool, with the exception of the Gore-Tex jacket. Prior to 1958, uniforms (shirts, jackets and britches) were woven of equal parts white fiber and black fiber to symbolize the impartiality of justice. The NYSP do not wear a badge on their uniform shirts.


title: New York State Police

text: As of January 2018, New York State Troopers are issued the Glock 21 Gen 4 .45 ACP handgun as their service pistol. New York State Troopers previously used the Glock 37 .45 GAP handgun from 2007 to 2018. The New York State Police used the Glock 17 9mm handgun from 1990 to 2007, the Glock 17 replaced the Smith & Wesson Model 686 (NYSP issued the Model 681).


title: New York State Police

text: The New York State Police is one of only five state police agencies in the United States that, as of 2019, does not equip its state police vehicles with dashboard cameras. New York State Troopers starting on April 5, 2021 have started receiving body-worn cameras.


title: New York State Police

text: The New York State Police has three Bell 407 single engine utility helicopters, six Bell 430 twin engine helicopters, three Bell UH-1 “HUEY 2” Single engine utility helicopters and one UH-1H “HUEY 1” Single engine utility helicopter. Their other aircraft are two Cessna 206 Stationair Single engine airplanes, one Cessna 172 Single engine airplane, one Partenavia 68 Twin engine observation airplane, one Sikorsky S-76 (used for transporting the governor), and two Beech King Air twin engine turboprop airplanes. All of these aircraft operate under the call sign “GrayRider”.


title: YBN (collective)

text: YBN (short for Young Boss Niggas), was an American hip-hop collective formed by Nick Simmons, who goes by the stage name YBN Nahmir. YBN was a collective of rappers, record producers, social media personalities and promoters. The collective included members from Alabama, Texas, California, Maryland, Connecticut, and Narberth, Pennsylvania.


title: YBN (collective)

text: On September 7, 2018, YBN released their only project together, "YBN: The Mixtape", which featured collaborations with Gucci Mane, Wiz Khalifa, Lil Skies, Machine Gun Kelly and Chris Brown.


title: YBN (collective)

text: In 2014, Nick Simmons, better known as YBN Nahmir, met YBN Almighty Jay on the video game Grand Theft Auto V. Nahmir later introduced Almighty Jay to his close friend YBN Glizzy, who he met on a San Andreas roleplay for Grand Theft Auto Online through an Xbox Looking for Group post.


title: YBN (collective)

text: YBN was originally a gaming collective where Nahmir and his friends played video games, recorded videos and uploaded their videos to YouTube and streamed on Twitch. In 2015, Nahmir and Almighty Jay eventually decided to record a song after freestyling in Xbox Live group chats. The song, titled "Hood Mentality", was both of the artists' first song, and the start of the collective's move away from video games and towards music. In 2015, crew member YBN Valley died due to a heart attack.


title: YBN (collective)

text: On September 18, 2017, Nahmir's debut single, "Rubbin Off the Paint", was released, and the music video premiered on WorldStarHipHop. The single featured production by Izak and went viral, peaking at number 46 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. Nahmir used the financial success of the song to move himself to Los Angeles, California and help fellow friends in the collective also move to Los Angeles, marking the first time they had met in person.


title: YBN (collective)

text: Fellow members of the collective soon started to have viral songs too, though none charted. YBN Almighty Jay's "Chopsticks" in November 2017, YBN Walker's "Gutta" in February 2018, and YBN NickyBaandz "Been Trippin" in April 2018.


title: YBN (collective)

text: YBN Nahmir and YBN Glizzy met Cordae Amari Dunston, better known as YBN Cordae, online in 2017. Though Cordae didn't play video games, he had been rapping longer than any other member of YBN and was older than the rest of the collective. He decided to formally join the collective in 2018 and, in May 2018, released a remix of Eminem's "My Name Is" which quickly went viral. He followed up with his breakout single, "Old Niggas", a remix and direct response to the song "1985 - (Intro to "The Fall Off)" by J. Cole. The song was mentioned on multiple publications such as "XXL", "Complex" and "HipHopDX."


title: YBN (collective)

text: The group announced their first world tour in July 2018, scheduled for Fall 2018. The group's first full-length project, titled "YBN: The Mixtape," which starred Nahmir, Almighty Jay and Cordae, was announced in August 2018 and was released on September 7, 2018. It included the singles "Rubbin Off The Paint" (Nahmir), "Bounce Out With That" (Nahmir), "Chopsticks" (Almighty Jay), "Bread Winners" (Nahmir and Almighty Jay), and "Kung Fu" (Cordae).


title: YBN (collective)

text: On August 6, 2020, Nahmir took to Twitter to announce that the collective had officially disbanded. Cordae implied that the collective disbanded as well as he changed his stage name from YBN Cordae to just Cordae. He also did this on all of his social media pages and streaming services.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: Lloyd Edgar Eisler, MSM, (born April 28, 1963) is a former Canadian pairs skater. With partner Isabelle Brasseur, he is the 1992 and 1994 Olympic bronze medallist and the 1993 World Champion.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: Eisler first competed with Lori Baier. They won three consecutive Canadian Championship silver medals from 1980-1982 and competed at the 1982 World Figure Skating Championships, finishing in ninth place.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: He competed with Katherina Matousek at the 1984 Winter Olympics, in which they finished in eighth place. They competed in three consecutive Worlds from 1983-85 and won the Canadian Figure Skating Championships in 1984 and 1985. Their career highlight was a bronze medal at the 1985 World Figure Skating Championships, after which Matousek retired from the sport.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: Eisler competed with Karen Westby in 1986 and won a bronze medal at the Canadian Figure Skating Championships, missing out on the World team by one spot. At the time, there was strong speculation that Eisler would retire.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: He partnered with Isabelle Brasseur in 1987 and they qualified for the Olympics and Worlds in 1988. They became Canadian champions in 1989 and went into the World Figure Skating Championships in Paris with high hopes of a medal in a weak and wide open field, but placed a disappointing seventh after two subpar, error-filled performances.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: Eisler and Brasseur had a disastrous performance in defense of their Canadian title in 1990, barely taking third place. They qualified for the 1990 World Figure Skating Championships by one judge over fourth-place finishers Michelle Menzies and Kevin Wheeler. They said afterwards that they likely would have retired had they missed the World team.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: With modest expectations, a clean performance in the short program at the 1990 World Figure Skating Championships in Halifax put them in fourth place. An inspired long program, which some thought should have won the gold medal, garnered a highly surprising silver medal behind only Russian skaters Ekaterina Gordeeva and Sergei Grinkov on a 5-4 split.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: Brasseur and Eisler regained their Canadian title and went into the 1991 World Figure Skating Championships as the favorite. They handily won the short program, but the inspired free program of Natalia Mishkutionok and Artur Dmitriev to Franz Liszt's Liebesträume (Dream of Love), combined with a costly singled double axel by Eisler, garnered a silver medal on a 7-2 judges split.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: After a spectacular long program at the 1992 Canadian Figure Skating Championships, Brasseur and Eisler competed in the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France. Their main competition was expected to be Mishkutionok and Dmitriev. Despite a fall by Brasseur on the side-by-side double axels in the short program, the pair were protected by the judges and placed third above top teams who had clean short programs, including Radka Kovarikova/Rene Novotny and Evgenia Shishkova/Vadim Naumov. The result put Brasseur and Eisler in position to automatically win the gold medal if they won win the long program, but their long program was filled with major errors, including two falls and two other two-footed landings. They were awarded a controversial bronze medal on a 5-4 split ahead of Kovarikova and Novotny.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: At the 1992 World Figure Skating Championships in Oakland, California, Brasseur and Eisler delivered a clean and spectacular short program to place second, but a flawed long program marred by two falls resulted in a bronze medal. Brasseur considered retirement, but the pair continued competing.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: Despite an inconsistent season, with the retirement of Miskutienok and Dmitriev and the disastrous season of world silver medalists Kovarikova and Novotny, Brasseur and Eisler went into the 1993 World Figure Skating Championships in Prague, Czech Republic as the favorites. They won the short program in a tight decision over Evgenia Shishkova and Vadim Naumov. Two of the favorites, European champions Marina Eltsova and Andrei Bushkov and hometown favorites Radka Kovarikova and Rene Novtony, took themselves out of the running with major errors, finishing in fifth and sixth place respectively. A spectacular long program by Brasseur and Eisler, followed by a mistake by Shishkova and Naumov on the side-by-side triple toes, ensured the long-awaited Worlds victory for Brasseur and Eisler, gaining first place votes from all nine judges. They were praised for artistic improvements in their skating along with their renowned technical strength.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: Despite being world champions, Brasseur and Eisler became the underdogs following the reinstatement of former Olympic champions Gordeeva and Grinkov and their longtime archrivals Mishkutionok and Dmitriev. At the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway, they made a strong bid for gold with clean short and long programs, but were barely able to fend off the young Russian team of Evgenia Shishkova and Vadim Naumov for the bronze medal, gaining it on a 5-4 split.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: Brasseur and Eisler competed injured at the 1994 World Figure Skating Championships in Chiba, Japan and earned a silver medal. It was their last amateur outing.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: Throughout their amateur career, Brasseur and Eisler were known as the team with the strongest lifts in the world and arguably the strongest double and triple twists in the world. They were noted particularly for a lift in which Eisler lifted Brasseur with one arm. Other pairs had lifts in which the male lifted the female with both hands and then let go with one, but theirs was unique in Eisler lifting Brasseur without ever touching her with his second hand.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: Brasseur and Eisler had a distinguished professional career, winning many events, although they were never able to place higher than runner-up at the two most prominent events, the World Professional Championships in Landover, Maryland and the Challenge of Champions. They became fan favorites with many inventive routines, including their gender-reversal routine to Chris De Burgh's "Patricia the Stripper." They also were popular show skaters, particularly in Canadian Stars on Ice and Champions on Ice, for many years.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: In 2004, Eisler was involved in starting the Skaters High Achievement Readiness Program at the West Kingston Skating Club in Kingston, Ontario; he resigned as director in January 2006.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: Effective October 6, 2006, Eisler was suspended from coaching in Canada for a one-year period by Skate Canada after allegedly sending sexually suggestive e-mails to his 15-year-old student. At the time of the ban, Eisler was coaching in California, where the Canadian ban did not apply. He did not appeal the ban. No criminal charges were ever filed.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: Eisler is director of skating operations at the L.A. Kings Valley Ice Center in Panorama City, Los Angeles.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: Eisler was born in Seaforth, Ontario, Canada. He has two sons, Ethan (born May 19, 2004) and Seth (born December 13, 2005) from his marriage to Marcia O'Brien Eisler.


title: Lloyd Eisler

text: He appeared in the 2006 FOX television program "Skating with Celebrities", in which he was partnered with actress Kristy Swanson. He began a relationship with Swanson during the show. On February 16, 2007, Swanson gave birth to their son, Magnus Hart Swanson Eisler. Eisler and Swanson married on February 7, 2009 in San Luis Obispo, California.


title: 2012 Indian presidential election

text: The 14th indirect Presidential election, in order to elect the 13th President, was held in India on 19 July 2012. The last date for filing nominations was 30 June, whereas the votes would be counted on 22 July. The two leading candidates for the presidency were former Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee from West Bengal and former Speaker of the Lok Sabha Purno Agitok Sangma from Meghalaya.


title: 2012 Indian presidential election

text: The new president is chosen by an electoral college consisting of the elected members of both houses of parliament, the elected members of the state legislative assemblies and the elected members of the legislative assemblies of the Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry.


title: 2012 Indian presidential election

text: The nomination of a candidate for election to the office of the President must be subscribed by at least 50 electors as proposers and 50 electors as seconders.


title: 2012 Indian presidential election

text: The election is held in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the Single transferable vote method. The voting takes place by secret ballot. The manner of election of President is provided by Article 55 of the Constitution.


title: 2012 Indian presidential election

text: Various names had been speculated by the Indian media and politicians prior to the official candidacies being submitted. Opinion polls have shown that the public preferred former President A. P. J. Abdul Kalam to hold the post once again, which was supported by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). On 15 June, the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) announced Pranab Mukherjee as its presidential candidate.


title: 2012 Indian presidential election

text: There were signs of a split within the Janata Dal (United) with Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar saying that "like the other constituents, the JD (U) too will abide by the final decision on the presidential poll," though Shivanand Tiwari said that "a senior and respected leader like Pranab Mukherjee, who is going into retire [from active politics] should be given a graceful send off." Tiwari added that "[Mukherjee] is a very senior and a respected leader, and my personal opinion is that as he should be elected to the president's post with consensus." The Shiv Sena supported Mukherjee's candidates according to its spokesman Sanjay Raut.


title: 2012 Indian presidential election

text: On 18 June, Kalam said he would not run in the race following statement from JDU leader Nitish Kumar and SP leader Mulayam Singh Yadav that they would prefer to support Mukherjee. Following Kalam's decision, the BJP-led NDA turned to supporting Sangma.


title: 2012 Indian presidential election

text: The final candidacy application had 45 names. Scrutiny of the candidates took place on 2 July Pranab Mukherjee filed his nomination on 28 June with the support of the INC's Manmohan Singh, party president Sonia Gandhi, General Secretary Rahul Gandhi, Samajwadi Party leader Mulayam Singh Yadav, the Rashtriya Janata Dal's leader Lalu Prasad Yadav, the Rashtriya Lok Dal's Ajit Singh, the Lok Janshakti Party's Ram Vilas Paswan, the National Conference's Farooq Abdullah, the Indian Union Muslim League's E. Ahmed and the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam's T. R. Baalu. The "Hindustan Times" suggested that he also had the support of the National Democratic Alliance's Janata Dal (United) and the Shiv Sena, as well as the Communist Party of India (Marxist). Mukherjee said after filing his nomination papers that "I only wish at this time that we have the blessing of god and cooperation of all at this juncture." P. A. Sangma filed his nomination papers with the support of the Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik, Punjab Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal, Goa Chief Minister Manohar Parrikar, BJP party president Nitin Gadkari and party leaders Lal Krishna Advani, Sushma Swaraj and Arun Jaitley, as well as the INC's Arvind Netam, who is the head of the Tribal Forum of India which supported Sangma. Prior to filing his nomination with the "Rajya Sabha" Secretary General V. K. Agnihotri he said that "today is a victory of tribal unity, that a tribal is filing his nomination for the post of president."


title: 2012 Indian presidential election

text: The election's Returning Officer V. K. Agnihotri announced: "I declare that Shri Pranab Mukherjee has been duly elected to the office of President of India." Mukherjee gained 373,116 MP votes and 340,647 MLA votes for a total of 713,763 votes to win the election. He defeated Sangma, who got 145,848 MP votes and 170,139 MLA votes for a total of 315,987 votes. Mukherjee's win was aided by cross-voting. He took the oath of office on 25 July at 11:00 in the Central Hall of the parliament building.


title: 2012 Indian presidential election

text: In Andhra Pradesh, the Telugu Desam Party and the Telangana Rashtra Samithi abstained from voting, while in Kerala and West Bengal, the same is not applied to the Communist Party of India and the Revolutionary Socialist Party. In Karnataka, one MLA abstained. In Assam, there were two invalid voted and one abstention. In Bihar, three voted were invalid with one abstention. In Haryana, there were 8 invalid votes. In Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh and Mizoram one vote was invalid. In Jammu and Kashmir, Maharashtra, Meghalaya and Nagaland and Punjab and Sikkim, there were two invalid votes. In West Bengal, four votes were invalid.


title: 2012 Indian presidential election

text: Pranab Mukherjee thanked the people of the "great country" and "express[ed] deep gratitude for electing me to high office." He later told the media that he "thank[s] all those who supported me...I thank Sangma for congratulating me. I have received much more than I have given." He also said he would "protect, defend and preserve [the Constitution of India<nowiki>]</nowiki>. I will try to justify in a modest way as I can to be trustworthy." He was also congratulated by his former party colleagues Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, Sonia Gandhi, as well as Vice-President Hamid Ansari and BJP President Nitin Gadkari.


title: 2012 Indian presidential election

text: While Sangma congratulated Mukherjee he also added: "The process in this Presidential election has been exceptionally partisan and political. The public perception is certainly that in identification and projection of its candidate, the UPA did not genuinely build consensus and that it persuaded political parties commanding major sections of the presidential electoral college by economic and other packages...as well as inducements, threats and promises. For election to the Lok Sabha and Assembly, there is a code of conduct for free and fair elections. Such a code of conduct does not exist for presidential and vice-presidential elections...Rs. 57,000 crore were given to U.P., Rs 27,000 crore to Bihar and so many other things have happened. We are meeting a day after tomorrow to review the whole situation where this matter will come up for discussion." He also added that this was an opportunity lost to elect a tribal candidate as president. INC spokesman Manish Tewari responded in saying: "Magnanimity should mark the conduct of people, who contest elections. Gritting after losing an election only endorses the proverb that grapes are sour [when you cannot reach them];" its General Secretary Janardan Dwivedi added to criticism of Sangma's allegations that "I think one should not talk with such a narrow vision."


title: 2012 Indian presidential election

text: In response to cross-voting against party lines as Mukherjee had support from 98 MLAs of the INC and JDS yet won with 19 extra votes and the Sangma got only 103 votes of BJP's 119 MLAs, Karnataka BJP General Secretary Dharmendra Pradhan said that "the party is taking this matter very seriously. The Central leadership has asked the Karnataka BJP unit to form a committee to probe this cross-voting by our MLAs. Once we get the committee's report we will take appropriate action." The issue also follows infighting within the Karnataka BJP that culminated in the recent appointment of Jagadish Shettar as chief minister.


title: 2012 Indian presidential election

text: Anti-corruption activist group Team Anna criticised Mukherjee in saying the country now had a "corrupt president." Biocon CEO Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw said of the election: "We are making a mockery of the presidential post. This is considered the highest office in our country and should be apolitical. The president should be an apolitical appointee who has the stature and integrity that can hold the political system accountable. How can persons who are in office, holding key ministerial posts, be even eligible for such a post? This is becoming a political chess game which is devaluing this very lofty post."


title: Ford Ranger (international)

text: The international or global version of the Ford Ranger is a series of pickup trucks sold by Ford under the Ranger nameplate mainly for markets outside the Americas since 1998. The 1998–2011 international Ranger models were jointly developed with Mazda, sharing the same assembly line and most parts with the Mazda B-Series and its successor, the Mazda BT-50. It is a successor of the Ford Courier as the Mazda-based Ford global pickup. The vehicles are mainly produced in the manufacturing plants in Rayong, Thailand and Pretoria, South Africa.


title: Ford Ranger (international)

text: The first-generation Ranger was produced from 1998 to 2006, with a facelift in 2002. The 2006–2011 second-generation Ranger was introduced after the B-Series was replaced by the Mazda BT-50. The globally-marketed T6 Ranger has been produced since 2011. In contrast to the previous versions, the T6 platform-based Ranger was designed by Ford Australia, and is also marketed in North America since 2019.


title: Ford Ranger (international)

text: The 1998–2006 Ranger/Courier (codenamed PE, PG and PH in Australia) is a rebadged fifth-generation (UN) Mazda B-Series with a reworked front fascia as a differentiation. Production at the AutoAlliance Thailand plant began in May 1998, being one of the first vehicles to roll off the production line at the newly built joint venture manufacturing plant. This model was sold as the Ford Courier in Australia and New Zealand.


title: Ford Ranger (international)

text: Engine options included a petrol engine which is a 2.6-litre unit that produces at 4,600 rpm and of torque at 3,500 rpm, while the diesel engines were either 2.5-litre that produces and a 2.5-litre turbo-diesel that offers at 3,500 rpm and at 2,000 rpm. The turbo-diesel engine features a single overhead camshaft design, three valves per cylinder, intercooler, indirect fuel injection and two internal balance shafts to reduce vibration and noise. Ford and Mazda has decided not to use a conventional radial type turbocharger on its new engine. Instead, a new diagonal exhaust gas flow turbocharger is used which was claimed to improve charging efficiency, reduce turbo lag and improve throttle response at low speeds.


title: Ford Ranger (international)

text: The vehicle had received two stars of Australian New Car Assessment Program (ANCAP) safety rating in 2006. Dual front airbags were optional and were not fitted to the test vehicle.


title: Ford Ranger (international)

text: The late 2002 facelift models feature a new grille, headlights, front bumper and front fenders and improved interiors. It has been restyled to mimic the design of the North American F-Series trucks. Power steering is now standard across the range and swaps its variable ratio for a new fixed gear ratio. In 2005, Ford released the 2.5-litre common rail injection turbo-diesel engine. The engine features a dual-mass flywheel which sharpens responses while also reducing vibration and a variable geometry turbocharger is employed to cut turbo lag and extend the torque band. The common-rail architecture of the Ranger's engine has improved its noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) levels.


title: Ford Ranger (international)

text: In the same year, Ford also introduced a V6 engine option for the Courier. The V6 model was made in Thailand before it was sent to South Africa where it was mated with the short-stroke 4.0-litre SOHC "Cologne" V6 engine, previously re-engineered for the Ford Explorer, which produces of power and of torque. The fuel tank is also increased to 80 litres, up 10 litres from the models fitted with the smaller engines. Ford engineers also retuned the front shock absorbers for improved ride quality and body control over rough roads for the V6 model compared to the inline-four models.


title: Ford Ranger (international)

text: The 2006–2011 Ranger (codenamed PJ and PK in Australia) is an updated version of the previous generation. The design of the PJ Ranger was previewed by the Ford 4-Trac Concept which debuted at the Bangkok Auto Show in December 2005. The concept vehicle design development was led by Ford Asia-Pacific chief designer, Paul Gibson. The production version was designed and built in Thailand in tandem with the Mazda BT-50.


title: Ford Ranger (international)

text: While the previous generation Ranger is a rebadge of the Mazda B-Series with a different fascia, the Ranger now has its distinct styling designed by former Ford Australia design chief, Simon Butterworth. As the result, the PJ Ranger picks up the new corporate design that appeared on several Ford North American light trucks. Although the changes are drastic compared to the PE/PG/PH Ranger hence Ford's "all-new" claim, it is instead a comprehensive redevelopment of the old model.


title: Ford Ranger (international)

text: In Australia and New Zealand, the Courier nameplate was dropped in favour of Ranger to distance itself from a 'basic workhorse' image and to align the model name with its Asian and European counterparts.


title: Ford Ranger (international)

text: Ford did not offer a petrol engine option in the PJ/PK Ranger, instead offering a choice of two four-cylinder common-rail turbo-diesel engines, one a 2.5-litre, the other a 3.0-litre. The 2.5-litre "Duratorq" engine is a DOHC 16-valve turbo-diesel unit, featuring Bosch common rail direct fuel injection and a variable geometry turbocharger. It makes at 3,500 rpm and of torque at 1,800 rpm, up from the previous 2.5-litre SOHC indirect injection turbo-diesel unit which makes and of torque. While the larger 3.0-litre engine peaks with at 3,200 rpm and at 1,800 rpm. Both engines were double-overhead camshaft.


title: Ford Ranger (international)

text: The Ranger received a facelift in 2009. Designated as the PK Ranger, it has received new front and rear styling which was previously previewed by the Ford Ranger Max Concept at the 2008 Thailand International Motor Expo. It featured a new three-bar grille, new front bumper, and a redesigned bonnet. Other changes include the clear tail lamp design, new exterior mirrors, side air vents and new tailgate cladding. A new flagship Wildtrak sports trim was also introduced. Inside changes include newly designed seats and door panels, as well as new colors and trimmings.


title: Ford Ranger (international)

text: The Ranger nameplate was consolidated onto a single globally-marketed model, the P375 Ranger, in 2011. Based on the T6 platform, it replaced both the 1998–2012 Ranger which was sold in North and South America, and the Mazda-based PJ/PK Ranger which was sold in Asia-Pacific, Latin America and Europe regions. Designed by Ford Australia, the T6 Ranger was unveiled at the Australian International Motor Show in Sydney in October 2010, with its production started in mid-2011. The P375 Ranger is also built and sold in North America starting from January 2019.


title: Ford Ranger (international)

text: The P375 Ranger is succeeded by the P703 Ranger, which is the fourth-generation international Ranger and the fifth-generation Ranger in North America. It was introduced in November 2021, continuing to use the T6 platform with revisions.


title: 1980s oil glut

text: The 1980s oil glut was a serious surplus of crude oil caused by falling demand following the 1970s energy crisis. The world price of oil had peaked in 1980 at over US$35 per barrel (equivalent to $ per barrel in dollars, when adjusted for inflation); it fell in 1986 from $27 to below $10 ($ to $ in dollars). The glut began in the early 1980s as a result of slowed economic activity in industrial countries due to the crises of the 1970s, especially in 1973 and 1979, and the energy conservation spurred by high fuel prices. The inflation-adjusted real 2004 dollar value of oil fell from an average of $78.2 in 1981 to an average of $26.8 per barrel in 1986.


title: 1980s oil glut

text: In June 1981, "The New York Times" proclaimed that an "oil glut" had arrived and "Time" stated that "the world temporarily floats in a glut of oil". However, "The New York Times" warned the next week that the word "glut" was misleading, and that temporary surpluses had brought down prices somewhat, but prices were still well above pre-energy crisis levels. This sentiment was echoed in November 1981, when the CEO of Exxon also characterized the glut as a temporary surplus, and that the word "glut" was an example of "our American penchant for exaggerated language". He wrote that the main cause of the glut was declining consumption. In the United States, Europe, and Japan, oil consumption had fallen 13% from 1979 to 1981, "in part, in reaction to the very large increases in oil prices by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and other oil exporters", continuing a trend begun during the 1973 price increases.


title: 1980s oil glut

text: After 1980, reduced demand and increased production produced a glut on the world market. The result was a six-year decline in the price of oil, which reduced the price by half in 1986 alone.


title: 1980s oil glut

text: During the 1980s, reliance on Middle East production dwindled as commercial exploration developed major non-OPEC oilfields in Siberia, Alaska, the North Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico, and the Soviet Union became the world's largest producer of oil. Smaller non-OPEC producers including Brazil, Egypt, India, Malaysia, and Oman doubled their output between 1979 and 1985, to a total of 3 million barrels per day.


title: 1980s oil glut

text: In April 1979, US President Jimmy Carter signed an executive order to remove price controls from petroleum products by October 1981 so that prices would be wholly determined by the free market. Carter's successor, Ronald Reagan, signed an executive order on 28 January 1981, which enacted that reform immediately, allowing the free market to adjust oil prices in the US. That ended the withdrawal of old oil from the market and artificial scarcity, which encouraged an increase in oil production. The US oil windfall profits tax was lowered in August 1981 and removed in 1988, ending disincentives to US oil producers.


title: 1980s oil glut

text: Additionally, the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System began pumping oil in 1977. The Alaskan Prudhoe Bay Oil Field entered peak production, supplying 2 million bpd of crude oil in 1988, 25 percent of all US oil production.


title: 1980s oil glut

text: Phillips Petroleum discovered oil in the Chalk Group at Ekofisk, in Norwegian waters in the central North Sea. Discoveries increased exponentially in the 1970s and 1980s, and new fields were developed throughout the continental shelf.


title: 1980s oil glut

text: From 1980 to 1986, OPEC decreased oil production several times and nearly in half, in an attempt to maintain oil's high prices. However, it failed to hold on to its preeminent position, and by 1981, its production was surpassed by non-OPEC countries. OPEC had seen its share of the world market drop to less than a third in 1985, from about half during the 1970s. In February 1982, the "Boston Globe" reported that OPEC's production, which had previously peaked in 1977, was at its lowest level since 1969. Non-OPEC nations were at that time supplying most of the West's imports.


title: 1980s oil glut

text: OPEC's membership began to have divided opinions over what actions to take. In September 1985, Saudi Arabia became fed up with de facto propping up prices by lowering its own production in the face of high output from elsewhere in OPEC. In 1985, daily output was around 3.5 million bpd, down from around 10 million in 1981. During this period, OPEC members were supposed to meet production quotas in order to maintain price stability; however, many countries inflated their reserves to achieve higher quotas, cheated, or outright refused to accord with the quotas. In 1985, the Saudis tired of this behavior and decided to punish the undisciplined OPEC countries. The Saudis abandoned their role as swing producer and began producing at full capacity, creating a "huge surplus that angered many of their colleagues in OPEC". High-cost oil production facilities became less or even not profitable. Oil prices as a result fell to as low as $7 per barrel.


title: 1980s oil glut

text: OPEC had relied on the price inelasticity of demand of oil to maintain high consumption, but underestimated the extent to which other sources of supply would become profitable as prices increased. Electricity generation from coal, nuclear power and natural gas; home heating from natural gas; and ethanol blended gasoline all reduced the demand for oil.


title: 1980s oil glut

text: New passenger car fuel economy in the United States rose from in 1978 to more than in 1982, an increase of more than 30 percent.


title: 1980s oil glut

text: The United States imported 28 percent of its oil in 1982 and 1983, down from 46.5 percent in 1977, due to lower consumption.


title: 1980s oil glut

text: The 1986 oil price collapse benefited oil-consuming countries such as the United States and Japan, countries in Europe, and developing nations but represented a serious loss in revenue for oil-producing countries in Northern Europe, the Soviet Union, and OPEC.


title: 1980s oil glut

text: In 1981, before the brunt of the glut, "Time Magazine" wrote that in general, "A glut of crude causes tighter development budgets" in some oil-exporting nations.


title: 1980s oil glut

text: Mexico had an economic and debt crisis in 1982. The Venezuelan economy contracted and inflation levels (consumer price inflation) rose, remaining between 6 and 12% from 1982 to 1986. Even Saudi Arabian economic power was significantly weakened.


title: 1980s oil glut

text: Iraq had fought a long and costly war against Iran and had particularly weak revenues. It was upset by Kuwait contributing to the glut and allegedly pumping oil from the Rumaila field below their common border. Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990, planning to increase reserves and revenues and cancel the debt, resulting in the first Gulf War.


title: 1980s oil glut

text: The Soviet Union had become a major oil producer before the glut. The drop of oil prices contributed to the nation's final collapse.


title: 1980s oil glut

text: In the US, domestic exploration and the number of active drilling rigs were cut dramatically. In late 1985, there were nearly 2,300 rigs drilling wells; a year later, there were barely 1,000. The number of US petroleum producers decreased from 11,370 in 1985 to 5,231 in 1989, according to data from the Independent Petroleum Association of America. Oil producers held back on the search for new oilfields for fear of losing on their investments. In May 2007, companies like ExxonMobil were not making nearly the investment in finding new oil that they did in 1981.


title: 1980s oil glut

text: Canada responded to high energy prices in the 1970s with the National Energy Program (NEP) in 1980. The program was in place until 1985.


title: USS Norfolk (DL-1)

text: The second USS "Norfolk" (DL-1) was the first destroyer leader of the United States Navy. Originally projected as a hunter-killer cruiser, she was in service until 1970, and was scrapped in 1974.


title: USS Norfolk (DL-1)

text: The first major U.S. warship built after the construction boom of World War II, "Norfolk" was designed beginning in 1945, designated project SCB 1 in 1946, and authorized in 1947 as CLK-1, an anti-submarine hunter killer ship which could operate under all weather conditions and would carry the latest radar, sonar, and other electronic devices. She was designed on a light cruiser hull so she could carry a greater variety of detection gear than a destroyer.


title: USS Norfolk (DL-1)

text: She was laid down 1 September 1949 by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Camden, New Jersey, launched 29 December 1951 with the destroyer leader reclassification DL-1, sponsored by Miss Betty King Duckworth, and commissioned 4 March 1953, Capt. Clarence Matheson Bowley in command.


title: USS Norfolk (DL-1)

text: After her Caribbean shakedown cruise (February 1954), "Norfolk" was assigned to the U.S. Atlantic Fleet and between 1955 and 1957 served successively as flagship for Commander Destroyer Flotillas 2, 4, and 6. During 1956 and 1957 she acted as flagship for Commander Destroyer Force, Atlantic Fleet. In June 1957, "Norfolk" participated in the International Fleet Review as flagship for Admiral Jerauld Wright, Commander-in-Chief Atlantic Fleet and Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic for NATO.


title: USS Norfolk (DL-1)

text: By 1959 "Norfolk"s eight 3 inch/50 caliber guns had been replaced by eight 3"/70 caliber guns and her 20 mm. battery had been removed. In 1960 the addition of an ASROC launcher enhanced her antisubmarine capabilities.


title: USS Norfolk (DL-1)

text: On 10 May 1960, an 83-foot Cuban vessel harassed "Norfolk" while she was patrolling the Florida Straits with in Cuban waters.


title: USS Norfolk (DL-1)

text: In Fall 1961 she took part in UNITAS II as flagship for Commander Cruiser Destroyer Flotilla 2. During the operation she performed ASW training exercises with the navies of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. "Norfolk" repeated this cruise over the next five years during which she served as flagship of Commander South Atlantic Forces except in 1962 when she was flagship for Commander Cruiser Destroyer Forces Atlantic Fleet.


title: USS Norfolk (DL-1)

text: "Norfolk" joined LANTFLEX 66 as flagship between 28 November and 16 December 1966. During this exercise she shadowed the Russian trawlers "Repiter" and "Teodilit". She proved her antisubmarine capabilities again as flagship for Commander South Atlantic Forces during UNITAS VIII in Fall 1967.


title: USS Norfolk (DL-1)

text: "Norfolk" was assigned to Commander Middle East Force as flagship (17 April–15 October 1968). On this mission she visited Bahrain, French Somaliland, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia. Kenya, the Seychelles, Mauritius, Malagasy Republic, India, Pakistan, Australia, New Zealand, Tahiti, Mexico, and Panama Canal Zone.


title: USS Norfolk (DL-1)

text: In October 1968 "Norfolk" returned to Norfolk where she decommissioned 15 January 1970 and entered the Atlantic Reserve Fleet. By 1 September 1974, "Norfolk" was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register and sold for scrap.


title: USS Norfolk (DL-1)

text: A projected sister ship was deferred and then cancelled in favor of the smaller and less expensive s, due to the high cost ($61.9 million) of "Norfork". While "Norfolk" was fully combat ready, she was effectively a one ship class experiment that tested new ASW weapons and concepts.


title: USS Norfolk (DL-1)

text: Two of "Norfolk"'s 3″/70 gun mounts were saved from the scrap heap and were on display at the Naval Training Center in Orlando, Florida. When NTC-Orlando closed, the Boca Raton Community High School's NJROTC requested custodianship of the mounts. The guns then stood near the east end zone of the football field in Boca Raton, Florida. The two mounts were then moved to Naval Station Norfolk by November 2020 and with the help of volunteers of current and former military personnel have been in the process of cleaning and preserving them in preparation for their display in front of Commander Naval Surface Force Atlantic headquarters.


title: USS Norfolk (DL-1)

text: "Norfolk"'s bell is preserved in Norfolk, Virginia. From 1975 to 1987 the bell was located at the foot of St. Paul's Boulevard along the Elizabeth River waterfront. The bell was moved to Town Point Park and then eventually relocated to Wisconsin Square, Norfolk, just north of the museum ship berth of .


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: The Third Republic of South Korea was the government of South Korea from December 1963 to November 1972. The Third Republic was founded on the dissolution of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction that overthrew the Second Republic and established a military government in May 1961. Park Chung-hee, the Chairman of the Supreme Council, was elected President of South Korea in the 1963 presidential election.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: The Third republic was presented as a return to civilian government under the National Assembly but in practice was a dictatorship under Park, Supreme Council members, and the Democratic Republican Party. The Third republic prioritized South Korea's economic development, anti-communism, and strengthening ties with the United States and Japan.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: Park was re-elected in the 1967 presidential election, and the National Assembly forced through a constitutional amendment to allow him to seek a third term, and he was re-elected in the 1971 presidential election. Park declared a state of emergency in December 1971 and announced plans for Korean reunification in a joint communique with North Korea in July 1972. Park launched the October Restoration in October 1972, declaring martial law, dissolving the National Assembly, and announced plans for a new constitution. The Third republic was dissolved on approval of the Yusin Constitution in the November 1972 constitutional referendum and replaced with the Fourth Republic of Korea.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: In May 1961, the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction overthrew the Second Republic of Korea in the May 16 coup, led by Major General Park Chung-hee, in response to its inability to prevent political instability after the overthrow of the First Republic of Korea under President Syngman Rhee in the April Revolution. The Supreme Council established a military junta headed by General Chang Do-yong and the May 16 coup's supporters in the Republic of Korea Army, hoping to kickstart South Korea's economic development that had been ignored for twelve years under the First Republic, and remove so-called "liberation aristocrats" – the ruling class of conservative politicians involved in the Korean independence movement. Power struggles within the Supreme Council allowed Park to engineer the gradual transfer of power from Chang to himself. In July, Park officially replaced Chang as chairman, effectively becoming the "de facto" dictator of South Korea. The Supreme Council suspended the National Assembly, reinforced South Korea's anti-communist position, and undertook a number of economy-oriented reforms to help industrialize and develop the country, including the first Five-Year Plan.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: The Supreme Council's military government was met with instant disapproval from South Korea's main ally, the United States, and Park's early attempts to appease the Americans were disregarded. By 1962, U.S. President John F. Kennedy and his administration began to pressure Park into restoring democracy and civilian rule in South Korea. On 2 December 1962, a referendum was held on returning to a presidential system of rule, which was allegedly passed with a 78% majority. In response, Park eventually abdicated from his military position to be eligible to run as a civilian in the upcoming presidential election, despite he and the other military leaders pledging not to run for office. Park narrowly won in the presidential election of October 1963, and replaced Yun Posun as the President of Korea.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: The Third Republic of Korea was inaugurated on 17 December 1963, officially dissolving the Supreme Council and ending the three-year constitutional vacuum. The Third Republic was presented as a return to liberal democratic civilian government under the National Assembly, and a new powerful presidential system with the Prime Minister as the second-highest executive position under the President. In theory, President Park and his Democratic Republican Party operated through their democratically elected majority of seats in the National Assembly. However, in practice, the Third Republic was a continuation of the military dictatorship under Park and his government was predominantly composed of former members of the Supreme Council, which often exercised significant autocratic powers.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: In May 1967, Park was re-elected President in the 1967 presidential election, defeating Posun of the New Democratic Party with 51.4% of the vote. The South Korean constitution limited the President to two four-year terms, meaning Park was not eligible to run for re-election in 1971 upon the end of his term. However, in 1969 the Democratic Republican Party-dominated National Assembly forced through a constitutional amendment to allow him to seek a third term. Park ran in the May 1971 presidential election and defeated his New Democratic Party opponent Kim Dae-jung with 53.2% of the vote.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: In December 1971, Park declared a state of emergency "based on the dangerous realities of the international situation." On 4 July 1972, Park and North Korean leader Kim Il-sung issued the July 4th North–South Korea Joint Statement establishing the three principles of Korean unification as independence, peace, and nation-wide unity.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: On 17 October 1972, Park launched a self-coup known as the October Restoration, dissolving the National Assembly, suspending the constitution, and declaring martial law across the country. Universities were closed, media outlets such as the press, radio and television were subjected to increased censorship, and speech was significantly restricted. Park commissioned work on a brand new constitution, which was completed on 27 October by the emergency State Council. The new constitution, known as the Yushin Constitution, was highly autocratic and authoritarian in design, lacked provisions regarding presidential term limits and elections were extended to every six years – essentially guaranteeing presidency for life for Park Chung-Hee.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: On 21 November 1972, the Yushin Constitution was approved in the 1972 South Korean constitutional referendum with 92.3% of the vote and came into force, dissolving the Third Republic and establishing the Fourth Republic of Korea in its place.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: The South Korean economy grew rapidly during the Third Republic and the government continued to economic development priorities set by the Supreme Council. The South Korean government used the influx of foreign aid from Japan and the United States to provide loans to export businesses with no interest, and also provided financial support for industrial projects, such as the construction of the POSCO steel mill. The Third Republic saw the first major construction of infrastructure in southern Korea since the Japanese colonial era, with many new roads, railways and airports being built across the country.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: The Third Republic saw the first major growth of the "chaebol", the large industrial conglomerates in South Korea that are run and controlled by an owner or family. When the Supreme Council came to power in 1961, they promised to tackle the corruption in the business world that had plagued the First Republic, and this was continued by the new government. However, despite some leading industrialists being arrested and charged with corruption, the new government realized that it would need the help of entrepreneurs if the government's ambitious plans to modernize the economy were to be fulfilled. A compromise was reached, under which many of the accused corporate leaders paid fines to the government. Subsequently, there was increased cooperation between corporate and government leaders in modernizing the economy.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: South Korea's economic boom came at the expense of severe restrictions on workers rights, and labor movements that arose during industrialization to secure greater protections for workers were actively suppressed by the Third Republic government.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: The Third Republic continued the program with the government of West Germany to recruit South Korean nurses and miners as "Gastarbeiter", which began in the final months of the Supreme Council. The costs were largely paid for by the South Korean government, with only their wages and some language services paid for by their West German employers. The Koreans in Germany were able to wire large sums of money to South Korea because their wages, much higher than available back home, greatly exceeded their subsidized living costs. The "Gastarbeiter" South Koreans have since been argued as a major cause of South Korea's rapid economic growth in the late 20th century.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: In 1970, the Saemaul Undong (New Community Movement) was introduced that set out to modernize the countryside and their economies, in response to the growing wealth disparity with the richer urban areas. The Saemaul Undong encouraged communalism and the government provided free materials for locals to develop some infrastructure themselves, rather than relying totally on government-built infrastructure. The government also provided electricity and running water to farmers, built paved roads, and replaced thatched roofs with tin roofs. Reportedly, Park could not stand the sight of thatched roofs on farmers' homes, which for him was a sign of South Korea's backwardness, and their replacement reflected a personal obsession rather than a practical necessity. Controversially, the Saemaul Undong movement actively pushed a type of iconoclasm towards the "superstitions" in rural South Korea, leading many practitioners of Korean shamanism to be harassed and centuries old Korean traditions to be destroyed.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: The Third Republic introduced several reforms to the South Korean educational system. In 1968, the entrance examinations for middle schools were abolished, placing all middle schools on an equal footing. Also in 1968, a Charter of National Education was adopted, emphasizing nationalism and anti-communism in education. The charter outlined four goals for education: national revitalization, creating self-reliant individuals, promulgating a new cooperative image of the nation, and supporting anti-communism.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: The Third Republic government sought to reduce the political activism among college students which had brought down the First Republic, and planned to disrupt the activism by increasing academic competition. The government allowed universities and colleges to recruit up to 130% of their graduation quotas, so that student activists would be forced to compete against one another in order to graduate. However, student activism continued at a high but reduced level despite these measures.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: The Third Republic began to take an increasingly prominent role in international politics and established new relations with many countries around the world.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: South Korea's first diplomatic relations with Japan were established under the Third Republic, and South Korea-Japan relations were normalized in the Treaty on Basic Relations signed on 22 July 1965, and in an agreement ratified on 14 August 1965. Japan agreed to provide a large amount of compensation, grants, and loans to South Korea, and the two countries began economic and political cooperation.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: The Third Republic maintained close ties with the United States and continued to receive large amounts of foreign aid. A status of forces agreement was concluded in 1965, clarifying the legal situation of the United States Forces Korea, which the Park sought to remain stationed in South Korea despite publicly pushing for military self-reliance Soon thereafter, South Korea entered the Vietnam War as a combatant under encouragement of the Many Flags program, eventually sending a total of 300,000 soldiers (the second-largest foreign contingent after the United States) to fight for South Vietnam against the communist North Vietnam and its allies.


title: Third Republic of Korea

text: Greater attempts to develop diplomatic relationships with Western and Asia-Pacific countries occurred in the Third Republic, including the first state visits to Europe by a Korean head of state. During the 1960s, South Korea formed relations with Belgium, Greece, the Netherlands, Portugal, Iceland, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Austria, the Vatican State, and Malta. South Korea held strong relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan) and West Germany in solidarity against their rival communist governments, the People's Republic of China and East Germany, respectively. The Third Republic generally rejected trying to form relations with communist countries, most of which did not recognize South Korea.


title: Marsilio Ficino

text: Marsilio Ficino (; Latin name: ; 19 October 1433 – 1 October 1499) was an Italian scholar and Catholic priest who was one of the most influential humanist philosophers of the early Italian Renaissance. He was an astrologer, a reviver of Neoplatonism in touch with the major academics of his day, and the first translator of Plato's complete extant works into Latin. His Florentine Academy, an attempt to revive Plato's Academy, influenced the direction and tenor of the Italian Renaissance and the development of European philosophy.


title: Marsilio Ficino

text: Ficino was born at Figline Valdarno. His father, Diotifeci d'Agnolo, was a physician under the patronage of Cosimo de' Medici, who took the young man into his household and became the lifelong patron of Marsilio, who was made tutor to his grandson, Lorenzo de' Medici. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, the Italian humanist philosopher and scholar was another of his students.


title: Marsilio Ficino

text: During the sessions at Florence of the Council of Ferrara-Florence in 1438–1445, during the failed attempts to heal the schism of the Eastern (Orthodox) and Western (Catholic) churches, Cosimo de' Medici and his intellectual circle had made acquaintance with the Neoplatonic philosopher George Gemistos Plethon, whose discourses upon Plato and the Alexandrian mystics so fascinated the humanists of Florence that they named him the second Plato. In 1459 John Argyropoulos was lecturing on Greek language and literature at Florence, and Ficino became his pupil.


title: Marsilio Ficino

text: When Cosimo decided to refound Plato's Academy at Florence, he chose Ficino as its head. In 1462, Cosimo supplied Ficino with Greek manuscripts of Plato's work, whereupon Ficino started translating the entire corpus into Latin (draft translation of the dialogues finished 1468–9; published 1484). Ficino also produced a translation of a collection of Hellenistic Greek documents found by Leonardo da Pistoia later called Hermetica, and the writings of many of the Neoplatonists, including Porphyry, Iamblichus, and Plotinus.


title: Marsilio Ficino

text: Among his many students was Francesco Cattani da Diacceto, who was considered by Ficino to be his successor as the head of the Florentine Platonic Academy. Diacceto's student, Giovanni di Bardo Corsi, produced a short biography of Ficino in 1506.


title: Marsilio Ficino

text: Though trained as a physician, Ficino became a priest in 1473. In 1474 Ficino completed his treatise on the immortality of the soul, "Theologia Platonica de immortalitate animae" (Platonic Theology). In the rush of enthusiasm for every rediscovery from Antiquity, he exhibited a great interest in the arts of astrology, which landed him in trouble with the Catholic Church. In 1489 he was accused of heresy before Pope Innocent VIII and was acquitted.


title: Marsilio Ficino

text: Ficino's letters, extending over the years 1474–1494, survive and have been published. He wrote "De amore" (Of Love) in 1484. "De vita libri tres" (Three books on life), or "De triplici vita" (The Book of Life), published in 1489, provides a great deal of medical and astrological advice for maintaining health and vigor, as well as espousing the Neoplatonist view of the world's ensoulment and its integration with the human soul:


title: Marsilio Ficino

text: One metaphor for this integrated "aliveness" is Ficino's astrology. In the "Book of Life", he details the interlinks between behavior and consequence. It talks about a list of things that hold sway over a man's destiny.


title: Marsilio Ficino

text: Probably due to early influences from his father, Diotifeci, who was a doctor to Cosimo de' Medici, Ficino published Latin and Italian treatises on medical subjects such as "Consiglio contro la pestilenza" (Recommendations for the treatment of the plague) and "De vita libri tres" (Three books on life). His medical works exerted considerable influence on Renaissance physicians such as Paracelsus, with whom he shared the perception on the unity of the microcosmos and macrocosmos, and their interactions, through somatic and psychological manifestations, with the aim to investigate their signatures to cure diseases. Those works, which were very popular at the time, dealt with astrological and alchemical concepts. Thus Ficino came under the suspicion of heresy; especially after the publication of the third book in 1489, which contained specific instructions on healthful living in a world of demons and other spirits.


title: Marsilio Ficino

text: Notably, Ficino coined the term Platonic love, which first appeared in his letter to Alamanno Donati in 1476. In 1492, Ficino published "Epistulae" (Epistles), which contained Platonic love letters, written in Latin, to his academic colleague and life-long friend, Giovanni Cavalcanti, concerning the nature of Platonic love. Because of this, some have alleged Ficino was a homosexual, but this finds little basis in his letters. Regardless, Ficino's letters to Cavalcanti resulted in the popularization of the term Platonic love in Western Europe.


title: Marsilio Ficino

text: Ficino died on 1 October 1499 at Careggi. In 1521 his memory was honored with a bust sculpted by Andrea Ferrucci, which is located in the south side of the nave in the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore.


title: Thomas Perry (author)

text: Thomas Perry (born 1947) is an American mystery and thriller novelist. He received a 1983 Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best First Novel.


title: Thomas Perry (author)

text: Perry's work has covered a variety of fictional suspense starting with "The Butcher's Boy", which received a 1983 Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best First Novel, followed by "Metzger's Dog", "Big Fish", "Island", and "Sleeping Dogs". He then launched the critically acclaimed Jane Whitefield series: "Vanishing Act" (chosen as one of the "100 Favorite Mysteries of the Century" by the Independent Mystery Booksellers Association), "Dance for the Dead", "Shadow Woman", "The Face Changers", "Blood Money", "Runner", and "Poison Flower".


title: Thomas Perry (author)

text: Perry developed a non-series list of mysteries with "Death Benefits", "Pursuit" (which won a Gumshoe Award in 2002), "Dead Aim", "Night Life", " Fidelity", and "Strip". "The New York Times" selected "Night Life" for its best seller selection. In "The Informant", released in 2011, Perry brought back the hit-man character first introduced in "The Butcher's Boy" and later the protagonist in "Sleeping Dogs".


title: Thomas Perry (author)

text: "The Informant" was awarded the 2012 Barry Award for Best Thriller. "Eddie's Boy" received the 2021 Barry Award for Best Thriller. In 2021, "Vanishing Act" was included in "Parade"'s list of "101 Best Mystery Books of All Time".


title: Thomas Perry (author)

text: Perry was born in Tonawanda, New York, in 1947. He received a B.A. from Cornell University in 1969 and his Ph.D. in English Literature from the University of Rochester in 1974. He has been a laborer, maintenance man, commercial fisherman, weapons mechanic, university administrator and teacher, as well as a television writer and producer ("Simon & Simon", "21 Jump Street", ""). Through January 2020, Perry has published 27 novels. He lives in Southern California with his wife, author Jo (née Lee), and their two children.


title: Jason Douglas

text: Jason Douglas is an American film, television and voice actor, known as Tobin on AMC's "The Walking Dead", as the voice of Beerus in the anime film ""and the series Dragon Ball Super, and Krieg in the video game "Borderlands 2" and its sequel, "Borderlands 3".


title: Jason Douglas

text: Douglas is noted for his appearances in films, including "Sin City", "Parkland", "Two Step" and "No Country for Old Men" as well as recurring and guest appearances on hit TV shows such as "The Leftovers", "Breaking Bad", "Nashville" and "The Night Shift".


title: Jason Douglas

text: In addition to the role of Beerus in the "Dragon Ball" franchise, his prolific voice acting career includes roles in "My Hero Academia", "RWBY", "Attack on Titan", "One Piece", "Fairy Tail", "Psycho-Pass" and "Parasyte".


title: Angel of mercy (criminology)

text: An angel of mercy or angel of death is a type of criminal offender (often a type of serial killer) who is usually employed as a caregiver and intentionally harms or kills people under their care. The angel of mercy is often in a position of power and may decide the victim would be better off if they no longer suffered from whatever severe illness is plaguing them. This person then uses their knowledge to kill the victim. In some cases, as time goes on, this behavior escalates to encompass the healthy and the easily treated.


title: Angel of mercy (criminology)

text: The motivation for this type of criminal behaviour is variable, but generally falls into one or more types or patterns:


title: Angel of mercy (criminology)

text: Some people with a pathological interest in the power of life and death can be attracted to medical or related professions. Killers who occupy the role of a professional carer are sometimes referred to as "angels of death" or angels of mercy. In this role they may kill their patients for money, for a sense of sadistic pleasure, for a belief that they are "easing" the patient's pain, or simply "because they can". The typical medical professional who murders kills two patients each month.


title: Angel of mercy (criminology)

text: One such killer was nurse Jane Toppan, who admitted during her murder trial that she was sexually aroused by death. She would administer a drug mixture to patients she chose as her victims, lie in bed with them and hold them close to her body as they died. Another example is Harold Shipman, an English family doctor, who made it appear that his victims died of natural causes (disease). Between 1975 and 1998, he murdered at least 215 patients; he is suspected of having murdered 250 people. Dr. John Bodkin Adams, meanwhile, though acquitted in 1957 of the murder of one patient, is believed to have killed around 163 patients in Eastbourne, England.


title: Angel of mercy (criminology)

text: An example of a malignant hero serial killer was Richard Angelo, who was called the "angel of death", or angel of mercy. Angelo devised a plan where he would inject the patient with drugs, then rush into the room and attempt to "save" the patient so that he could be a hero to the patient's family. This motive of excitement from inducing a health crisis for the patient has recently been labeled as a professional version of Münchausen syndrome by proxy, a type of factitious disorder. Richard Angelo confessed to killing 25 of his patients.


title: Angel of mercy (criminology)

text: A number of medical murderers were involved in fraud. For example, H. H. Holmes was often involved in insurance scams and confidence tricks. Harold Shipman had a previous conviction for prescription fraud and forgery, for which he was fined £600.


title: Angel of mercy (criminology)

text: The two spinster aunts in Joseph Kesselring's play "Arsenic and Old Lace" act as angels of mercy for lonely old men, poisoning them with elderberry wine laced with arsenic, strychnine and cyanide.


title: Angel of mercy (criminology)

text: The character Annie Wilkes in the Stephen King novel "Misery" seems to be a serial killer of this type. Additionally, "angel of mercy" is mentioned in Agatha Christie's novel "By the Pricking of My Thumbs". The novel "The 5th Horseman" in James Patterson's Women's Murder Club series features an "Angel of Mercy" serial killer. The term is also mentioned in a Fear Factory song "Demanufacture".


title: Angel of mercy (criminology)

text: In the television series "Dexter", Dexter Morgan's first kill is his father's nurse, an angel of mercy, who worked in the fictional Angel of Mercy Hospital.


title: Angel of mercy (criminology)

text: In season 1, episode 5 of the television series "Elementary", "Lesser Evils", Sherlock Holmes solves a series of angel of death murders at a hospital, revealed to be the work of the janitor, himself an ex-doctor.


title: Angel of mercy (criminology)

text: In season 3, episode 7 of the television series "Lie to Me", " Veronica", Dr. Lightman helps a woman with early-onset Alzheimer's disease uncover a traumatic memory from her past, and in the process discovers that there may be an "angel of death" working in her health care facility.


title: Angel of mercy (criminology)

text: British soap opera "Hollyoaks" featured a storyline of the "gloved hand killer" featuring Lindsey Butterfield a seemingly hardworking and kind doctor who crumbled under the pressure to be in control. She administered potassium chloride injections to patients to render heart attacks and cover her tracks. She killed seven people and attempted to kill three more, and attempted to kill her younger sister as a young girl.


title: Angel of mercy (criminology)

text: American TV series, "Fargo (TV series)" featured a fledgling Angel Mercy in Season 4, episode 1 - 2. The character “Nurse Oraetta Mayflower”, played by Jessie Buckley, attempts to shoot a fatal dose of morphine into Italian-American crime boss Donatello Fadda, referring to herself as an Angel of Mercy. From here, she begins to expand her purview.


title: Angel of mercy (criminology)

text: Karl Kopfrkingl in the Czech new wave classic The Cremator is a rare non-medical example of this criminal pathology. He murders his Jewish family under the belief he is freeing them from suffering and sending them on to better lives.


title: Angel of mercy (criminology)

text: The character Bertram Filcott in the second season of the show Why Women Kill has the behavior of an angel of mercy.


title: Angel of mercy (criminology)

text: The protagonist in the Kill Chain Series by William Hertling goes by the handle "AngelOfMercy" online.


title: Antonov An-140

text: The Antonov An-140 is a turboprop regional airliner, designed by the Ukrainian Antonov ASTC bureau as a successor to the Antonov An-24, with extended cargo capacity and the ability to use unprepared airstrips.


title: Antonov An-140

text: First flown on 17 September 1997, the 52 passenger An-140 is manufactured at the main production line in Kharkiv by KHDABP, in Samara by Aviakor, and assembled under license by Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company (HESA) in Iran as the IrAn-140. Assembly in Kazakhstan has also been discussed in tri-partite discussions between the Kazakh government, Ukraine and Russia.


title: Antonov An-140

text: An identical-in-appearance airplane with the same name is also manufactured by Aviakor in Samara, Russia. Since Ukraine is no longer cooperating with Russia in aircraft production, the Aviakor version of the An-140 is manufactured entirely with Russian components. The P&W Canada engine option is not offered.


title: Antonov An-140

text: , a total of 25 Antonov An-140 aircraft were in airline, military and police aviation service, with a further 19 firm orders. There are also several prototypes and test airframes at the three manufacturing sites. The An-140 is currently operated by the following organizations:


title: Antonov An-140

text: Since its introduction in 2002, the Antonov An-140 has been involved in five accidents and incidents, including four hull-loss accidents, resulting in 111 occupant fatalities. Of the aircraft lost, three were HESA IrAn-140 aircraft built in Iran from knock-down kits supplied by Antonov.


title: Bob Smith (doctor)

text: Robert Holbrook Smith (August 8, 1879 – November 16, 1950), also known as Dr. Bob, was an American physician and surgeon who founded Alcoholics Anonymous with Bill Wilson (more commonly known as Bill W.).


title: Bob Smith (doctor)

text: Smith was born in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, where he was raised, to Susan A. (Holbrook) and Walter Perrin Smith. His parents took him to religious services four times a week, and in response he determined he would never attend religious services when he grew up. He graduated from St Johnsbury Academy in 1898, having met his future wife Anne Robinson Ripley at a dance there.


title: Bob Smith (doctor)

text: Smith began drinking at college attending Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. Early on he noticed that he could recover from drinking bouts quicker and easier than his classmates and that he never had headaches, which caused him to believe he was an alcoholic from the time he began drinking. Smith was a member of Kappa Kappa Kappa fraternity at Dartmouth. After graduation in 1902, he worked for three years selling hardware in Boston, Chicago, and Montreal and continued drinking heavily. He then returned to school to study medicine at the University of Michigan. By this time drinking had begun to affect him to the point where he began missing classes. His drinking caused him to leave school, but he returned and passed his examinations for his sophomore year. He transferred to Rush Medical College, but his alcoholism worsened to the point that his father was summoned to try to halt his downward trajectory. But his drinking increased and after a dismal showing during final examinations, the university required that he remain for two extra quarters and remain sober during that time as a condition of graduating.


title: Bob Smith (doctor)

text: After graduation, Smith became a hospital intern, and for two years he was able to stay busy enough to refrain from heavy drinking. He married Anne Robinson Ripley on January 25, 1915, and opened up his own office in Akron, Ohio, specializing in colorectal surgery and returned to heavy drinking. Recognizing his problem, he checked himself into more than a dozen hospitals and sanitariums in an effort to stop his drinking. He was encouraged by the passage of Prohibition in 1919, but soon discovered that the exemption for medicinal alcohol, and bootleggers, could supply more than enough to continue his excessive drinking. For the next 17 years his life revolved around how to subvert his wife's efforts to stop his drinking and obtain the alcohol he craved while trying to hold together a medical practice in order to support his family and his drinking.


title: Bob Smith (doctor)

text: In January 1933, Bob Smith attended a lecture by Frank Buchman, the founder of the Oxford Group. For the next two years he and Smith attended local meetings of the group in an effort to solve his alcoholism, but recovery eluded him until he met Bill Wilson on May 12, 1935. Wilson was an alcoholic who had learned how to stay sober, thus far only for some limited amounts of time, through the Oxford Group in New York, and was close to discovering long-term sobriety by helping other alcoholics. Wilson was in Akron on business that had proven unsuccessful and he was in fear of relapsing. Recognizing the danger, he made inquiries about any local alcoholics he could talk to and was referred to Smith by Henrietta Seiberling, one of the leaders of the Akron Oxford Group. After talking to Wilson, Smith stopped drinking and invited Wilson to stay at his home. He relapsed almost a month later while attending a professional convention in Atlantic City. Returning to Akron on June 9, he was given a few drinks by Wilson to avoid delirium tremens. He drank one beer the next morning to settle his nerves so he could perform an operation, which proved to be the last alcoholic drink he would ever have. The date, June 10, 1935, is celebrated as the anniversary of the founding of Alcoholics Anonymous.


title: Bob Smith (doctor)

text: Smith was called the "Prince of Twelfth Steppers" by Wilson because he helped more than 5000 alcoholics before his death. He was able to stay sober from June 10, 1935, until his death in 1950 from colon cancer. He is buried at the Mount Peace Cemetery in Akron, Ohio.


title: The Sheltering Sky (film)

text: The Sheltering Sky is a 1990 British-Italian drama film directed by Bernardo Bertolucci starring Debra Winger and John Malkovich. The film is based on the 1949 novel of the same name by Paul Bowles (who appears in a cameo role) about a couple who journey to North Africa in the hopes of rekindling their marriage but soon fall prey to the dangers that surround them. The story culminates with the man falling severely ill in a very remote area of the Sahara desert, from where the events turn catastrophic.


title: The Sheltering Sky (film)

text: Three Americans from New York arrive in Oran, French Algeria in 1947. Port Moresby and his wife Kit are accompanied by their friend George Tunner on a trip that will take them deep into the Sahara Desert. Tunner observes, "We're probably the first tourists they've had since the war," to which Kit replies "We're not tourists. We're travelers." While Tunner plans to return home in a few weeks, Port and Kit plan on staying for a year or two.


title: The Sheltering Sky (film)

text: While awaiting transport to a hotel, the group meets a pair of English travelers, Mrs. Lyle, a travel writer, and Eric, her adult son. Eric's mother keeps him constantly short of money so he is always asking for credit and loans. After arriving at the hotel, they sit in the hotel bar and are observed by an older man sitting alone at a table.


title: The Sheltering Sky (film)

text: Port invites Kit to accompany him for a walk in the city. After she refuses and rebuffs his romantic advances, Port angrily leaves. During his walk he meets a pimp who introduces him to a prostitute in a Berber encampment. The two have sex and the prostitute attempts to steal his wallet. Port quickly leaves and is chased from the camp by a mob.


title: The Sheltering Sky (film)

text: The next morning Tunner arrives at Kit's room to take her shopping. Not wanting Tunner to know that Port stayed out all night, she removes the covers from his bed to make it appear that he slept there. As Kit and Tunner are preparing to leave, a disheveled Port arrives. Seeing his bed, he assumes that Tunner spent the night with Kit.


title: The Sheltering Sky (film)

text: Port and Kit once again encounter the Lyles and are offered a ride in their car to Boucif, their next destination, but are informed that there is no room for Tunner. Port accepts the ride with the Lyles while Kit and Tunner take the train. Tunner and Kit drink champagne and awake the next morning in Kit's hotel room after a drunken tryst.


title: The Sheltering Sky (film)

text: Suspicious of Kit's relationship with Tunner, Port arranges for Eric Lyle to provide Tunner with transportation to Messad on the pretext that Port and Kit will meet him later. Eric agrees but also steals Port's passport.


title: The Sheltering Sky (film)

text: In Bounoura, Port discovers his passport missing. Even after being informed by local officials that the passport can be recovered in Messad, Port decides to proceed by bus to El Ga'a with Kit in order to avoid a meeting with Tunner. On the journey, Port contracts typhoid fever. The hotel won't accommodate them from fear of infection. Kit transports the delirious Port to a French Foreign Legion post, but it has no doctor and she nurses him herself, becoming increasingly desperate at his condition. He eventually dies beside her in their room. Kit leaves the body and sets off alone into the Sahara.


title: The Sheltering Sky (film)

text: Kit wanders in the desert until she begs a ride from a camel train led by an Arab, Belqassim. After the caravan arrives at his home in Niger, Belqassim disguises Kit as a boy and locks her in a guest house. Although held captive, Kit welcomes Belqassim's advances and the two begin an affair. Kit is soon discovered by Belqassim's wives, who order her to leave. Kit finds herself disoriented in the local marketplace and is set upon by a mob. She is eventually found, mute and almost insane, in a Catholic mission hospital by staff of the American embassy, who have been prompted to search for her by Tunner, who has found Port's grave. She is transported back to Tangier, and is told that Tunner is waiting for her there. After arriving at the hotel, Kit flees into the city before Tunner can meet her.


title: The Sheltering Sky (film)

text: The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 50 percent of critics gave the film positive reviews, based on 26 reviews despite the film being a financial flop.


title: The Sheltering Sky (film)

text: Among those praising the film was "The New York Times" film critic Vincent Canby, who described it as a "long, beautifully modulated cry of despair." Roger Ebert gave the movie two stars, stating he "was left with the impression of my fingers closing on air."


title: The Sheltering Sky (film)

text: Author Raj Chandarlapaty opines that Bertolucci's movie does a "remarkable job sweetening the picture of Belqassim for today's viewing audience", as opposed to the "erratic brutishness" of the novel's character.


title: The Sheltering Sky (film)

text: In 1998, Paul Bowles wrote a new preface to the novel in which he stated "the less said about the film now, the better."


title: The Sheltering Sky (film)

text: The soundtrack, composed by Ryuichi Sakamoto, won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the LAFCA Award for Best Music.


title: Tales from the Cryptkeeper

text: Tales from the Cryptkeeper is an animated horror children's television series made by Canadian studio Nelvana. The series was broadcast on YTV in Canada and on ABC in the United States, and on ITV in the United Kingdom.


title: Tales from the Cryptkeeper

text: It was based on the 1950s EC Comics series "Tales from the Crypt" and the live action television series of the same name, which aired concurrently on HBO. Intended for children, "Tales from the Cryptkeeper" was significantly milder than its live action version and all blood and gore, profanity and sexual content were completely removed in order to target the audience.


title: Tales from the Cryptkeeper

text: Most episodes take place within the fictional city of Gravenhurst, California. This name is given in the first episode "The Gorilla's Paw", the same buildings which are shown in this episode are also seen in many other episodes in the series, and many of the characters speak with very obvious California accents.


title: Tales from the Cryptkeeper

text: The series was cancelled on December 10, 1994, and returned to the air in 1999 as "The New Tales from the Cryptkeeper". The animation differed from previous episodes, and it transferred to Teletoon in Canada, and also to CBS in the United States.


title: Tales from the Cryptkeeper

text: The series details the Cryptkeeper telling other horror stories to the viewers, each with a lesson to be learned.


title: Tales from the Cryptkeeper

text: In Season 2, the Cryptkeeper was continually feuding with his rivals and fellow EC Comics horror hosts, the Vault-Keeper and the Old Witch who were continually trying to steal the show from him as they didn't have one of their own, only to have their plans backfire on them. This season also saw the Cryptkeeper in different locales than his mansion, as he tried to elude his rivals.


title: Tales from the Cryptkeeper

text: Season 3 is aired in 1999 was the final season of the series. It was the only season to never aired on YTV in Canada and ABC in the United States. Instead, "New Tales from the Cryptkeeper" aired on Teletoon in Canada and on CBS in the United States. In this season, The Cryptkeeper takes a more active role in the stories. Usually by setting up situations to teach targeted kids with severe character flaws frightening lessons.


title: Tales from the Cryptkeeper

text: In North America, the series was premiered on YTV and on ABC, but later on Teletoon and CBS. In August 2012, Fearnet aired reruns in their "Funhouse" block, only on weekends. Spanish-dubbed episodes of the series aired on Telefutura; as part of Toonturama block on Saturday and Sunday morning as "Cuentos de la Cripta" from 2002 to 2005.


title: Tales from the Cryptkeeper

text: In October 2021, the live streaming television Filmrise Kids began airing the whole series every day.


title: Tales from the Cryptkeeper

text: Outside of North America, the series aired on Canal+ and M6 in France, Kindernet in the Netherlands and ITV in the United Kingdom.


title: Dave Goelz

text: David Charles Goelz (; born July 16, 1946) is an American puppeteer and puppet builder known for his work with the Muppets. As part of the Muppets' performing cast, Goelz performs Gonzo the Great, as well as Dr. Bunsen Honeydew, Waldorf (after Jim Henson's death), Zoot and Beauregard, originating on "The Muppet Show". Goelz's puppeteering roles also included in "Fraggle Rock", "The Dark Crystal", and "Labyrinth". Outside of puppeteering work, he was also the voice of Figment in the Journey into Imagination with Figment attraction at Epcot.


title: Dave Goelz

text: Born in Los Angeles, California, Goelz had an interest in puppetry as a child, including an affinity for the children's television show "Time for Beany", but after high school, he attended the Los Angeles Art Center College of Design and began work as an industrial designer. The mechanically-minded Goelz worked for such companies as John Deere, American Airlines, and Hewlett-Packard. However, when "Sesame Street" premiered, he was fascinated by the craftsmanship, as he recalled in an interview:


title: Dave Goelz

text: He met Frank Oz at a puppetry festival in 1972, and during a vacation in New York City, he attended daily "Sesame Street" tapings. A few months later, Goelz showed his design portfolio to Jim Henson, and in 1973, he was offered a job with Henson Associates as a part-time puppet builder. His first assignment was to build puppets and design effects for a proposed Broadway show. However, the show was soon abandoned in favor of an ABC pilot, "The Muppets Valentine Show", for which Goelz built characters and got his first chance at performing, playing Brewster, whom he also designed.


title: Dave Goelz

text: Upon Goelz's return to California, he learned that he had been replaced by his electronics employer, so he set up shop creating puppets and videos for industrial videos. Eight months later, in the fall of 1974, Henson offered him a full-time position as a builder/designer, and occasional performer in specials, while still allowing him to keep his industrial clients. Returning to New York, Goelz began work on "", for which he built the new host character, Nigel. Working from sketches by Jim Henson, Michael K. Frith, and Bonnie Erickson, he also built Animal, Floyd Pepper, and Zoot, the latter becoming his first major character.


title: Dave Goelz

text: In 1976, Goelz joined the rest of the Henson team and flew to London to begin work on "The Muppet Show". In addition to reprising his role of Zoot and playing background roles, as in the earlier specials, Goelz was promoted to "Principal Muppet Performer" with the starring role of The Great Gonzo. The puppet had debuted in "The Great Santa Claus Switch", as Cigar Box Frackle, and had made brief appearances in "Muppet Meeting Films" and "Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass", with different performers. The sad-eyed creation was now given a permanent name and puppeteer. However, in addition to playing Gonzo, Goelz was still employed in the Muppet Workshop.


title: Dave Goelz

text: Goelz recalled the hectic schedule of working full-time behind the scenes and in front of the cameras in a 2004 Film Threat interview:


title: Dave Goelz

text: Gonzo, that first season, like many of the new "Muppet Show" creations, was a work in progress, and especially for Goelz, playing his first starring character and major speaking role. When he was assigned the character, he panicked: "I have no voice!"


title: Dave Goelz

text: He thought of the voice the morning before the first taping performance. As recalled later, Goelz thought that he had the worst voice out of all the Muppet performers, and was scared the first time he had to sing.


title: Dave Goelz

text: The early Gonzo, with a permanently sad expression, inspired a similarly depressed portrayal from the novice puppeteer: "The downcast eyes made him easy to play because that was exactly how I felt. I was an impostor in show business. I was learning how to perform and to puppeteer on the job."


title: Dave Goelz

text: In that first season, Gonzo was a misfit and out of place, according to Goelz, which was how he saw himself as a performer:


title: Dave Goelz

text: Looking at the character in retrospect at MuppetFest, he recalled that "over the years, he sort of evolved along with me... I was an impostor in show business. In the first season, Gonzo is always self-effacing and embarrassed. But he knows he has something special." Adding to Goelz's insecurity was the jaded veteran crew members of ATV Studios, who had worked with the likes of Julie Andrews and Bing Crosby, and were thus hard to impress.


title: Dave Goelz

text: Finally, towards the end of the first season, Gonzo had a scene where he had to shout, in amazement, "No!" Jim Henson told him to go bigger, so Goelz obliged with an overemphatic "NO!" This earned his first laugh from the crewmembers.


title: Dave Goelz

text: As Goelz increased in confidence, and Gonzo transitioned from a nervous depressed failure to a manic, confident stuntman, other facets of the character fell into place. The second season introduces his romantic fascination with poultry. As the performer reminisced in "Of Muppets and Men":