title: Bureau of Engraving and Printing

text: By reducing the distortion that increases proportionally with the size of the sheet of paper, the Bureau was able to convert from 12-note printing plates to plates capable of printing 18 notes in 1952. Five years later in 1957, the Bureau began printing currency via the dry intaglio method that utilizes special paper and non-offset inks, enabling a further increase from 18 to 32 notes per sheet. Since 1968, all currency has been printed by means of the dry intaglio process, whereby wetting of the paper prior to printing is unnecessary. In this process, fine-line engravings are transferred to steel plates from which an impression is made on sheets of distinctive paper. Ink is applied to a plate containing 32 note impressions, which is then wiped clean, leaving ink in the engraved lines. The plate is pressed against the sheet of paper with such pressure as to actually press the paper into the lines of the plate to pick up the ink. Both faces and backs are printed in this manner – backs first. After the faces are printed, the sheets are then typographically overprinted with Treasury Seals and serial numbers.


title: Bureau of Engraving and Printing

text: During Fiscal Year 2013, the Bureau delivered 6.6 billion notes at an average cost of 10 cents per note.


title: Bureau of Engraving and Printing

text: The Bureau of Engraving and Printing has two locations: one in Washington, D.C., and another in Fort Worth, Texas.


title: Bureau of Engraving and Printing

text: The Washington facility consists of two adjacent buildings. The elder, considered the main building and located between 14th and 15th streets SW, was constructed in 1914. The architectural style of the main building is neoclassical. It has a steel superstructure with fireproof concrete, Indiana limestone, and granite trim exterior. The main façade of the building faces Raoul Wallenberg Place (15th St), the Tidal Basin, and the Jefferson Memorial, with stone columns spanning the length of the building's front. The building is deep and high with four wings that extend back toward 14th Street. The building is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places as Auditor's Building Complex.


title: Bureau of Engraving and Printing

text: In May 1938, work was completed on an addition to the Washington, D.C., facility to accommodate increases in personnel and production. The annex building, as it is called, is located on 14th Street, between C and D streets SW, just opposite the main building. The building is long, wide, and made entirely of reinforced concrete with a limestone façade. The structure consists of a central backbone running from 14th Street to 13th Street with five wings extending north and south from the backbone.


title: Bureau of Engraving and Printing

text: The Washington, D.C., location offers a free 30-minute guided tour which features the various phases of currency production. Tours may be taken Monday through Friday. The Bureau is closed for all federal holidays and the week between Christmas and New Year's Day.


title: Bureau of Engraving and Printing

text: In 1987, construction began on a second facility in Fort Worth, Texas. In addition to meeting increased production requirements, a western location was seen to serve as a contingency operation in case of emergencies in the DC metropolitan area; additionally, costs for transporting currency to Federal Reserve banks in San Francisco, Dallas, and Kansas City would be reduced. Currency production began in December 1990 at the Fort Worth facility, and the official dedication took place on April 26, 1991. Any currency printed at Fort Worth includes a small "FW", usually located to the left of the bill's face plate number, and most also have larger back plate numbers.


title: Bureau of Engraving and Printing

text: The Bureau moved into its own building in 1880 with the completion of a facility at 14th St. and Independence Ave. SW, now the Sidney Yates Building. An addition was built on the south side of the building in 1891. The Bureau relocated to its present Washington location, just south of the original building, in 1914.


title: Bureau of Engraving and Printing

text: On April 27, 2022, Maryland Governor Larry Hogan announced that the BEP would move from their historic Washington, D.C. location to Beltsville, MD at the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC). The U.S. Department of Treasury was transferred ownership of 114 acres within BARC from the Department of Agriculture for a future facility estimated to be completed in early 2027.


title: Bureau of Engraving and Printing

text: The Bureau operates a police department, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing Police Force, that protects BEP personnel and facilities. The BEP Police are responsible for enforcing federal and local laws, Treasury Department rules and regulations, Washington, DC Criminal Code through a Memorandum of Understanding, and Texas Criminal Code. In 2004, 234 Police officers were employed.


title: False balance

text: False balance, also bothsidesism, is a media bias in which journalists present an issue as being more balanced between opposing viewpoints than the evidence supports. Journalists may present evidence and arguments out of proportion to the actual evidence for each side, or may omit information that would establish one side's claims as baseless. False balance has been cited as a cause of misinformation.


title: False balance

text: False balance is a bias which usually stems from an attempt to avoid bias and gives unsupported or dubious positions an illusion of respectability. It creates a public perception that some issues are scientifically contentious, though in reality they may not be, therefore creating doubt about the scientific state of research, and can be exploited by interest groups such as corporations like the fossil fuel industry or the tobacco industry, or ideologically motivated activists such as vaccination opponents or creationists.


title: False balance

text: Examples of false balance in reporting on science issues include the topics of human-caused climate change versus natural climate variability, the health effects of tobacco, the alleged relation between thiomersal and autism, alleged negative side effects of the HPV vaccine, and evolution versus intelligent design.


title: False balance

text: False balance emerges from the ideal of Journalistic objectivity, where factual news is presented in a way that allows the reader to make determinations about how to interpret the facts, and interpretations or arguments around those facts are left to the Opinion pages. Because many newsworthy events have two or more opposing camps making competing claims, news media is responsible for reporting all (credible or reasonable) opposing positions, along with verified facts that may support one or the other side of an issue. At one time, when false balance was prevalent, news media sometimes reported all positions as though they were equally credible, even though the facts clearly contradicted a position, or there was a substantial consensus on one side of an issue, and only a fringe or naescent theory supporting the other side.


title: False balance

text: Today, most media is willing to call out false information as incorrect, such as the idea that the Earth is not warming, or that Donald Trump won the 2020 presidential election; in contrast to prior decades media will now regularly call the idea that Trump won the election a "lie" or "the big lie." Similarly, claims that the Earth is not warming is regularly referred to in news (vs only editorials) as "denial," "misleading," or "debunked." Prior to this shift, media would sometimes list all positions, without clarifying that one position is known or generally-agreed to be false.


title: False balance

text: Unlike most other media biases, false balance may stem from an attempt to "avoid" bias; producers and editors may confuse treating competing views "fairly"—i.e., in proportion to their actual merits and significance—with treating them "equally", giving them equal time to present their views even when those views may be known beforehand to be based on false information. Media would then present two opposing viewpoints on an issue as equally credible, or to present a major issue on one side of a debate as having the same weight as a minor one on the other. False balance can also originate from other motives such as sensationalism, where producers and editors may feel that a story portrayed as a contentious debate will be more commercially successful than a more accurate (or widely-agreed) account of the issue.


title: False balance

text: Science journalist Dirk Steffens mocked the practice as comparable to inviting a flat earther to debate with an astrophysicist over the shape of the Earth, as if the truth could be found somewhere in the middle. Liz Spayd of "The New York Times" wrote: "The problem with false balance doctrine is that it masquerades as rational thinking."


title: False balance

text: Although the scientific community almost unanimously attributes a majority of the global warming since 1950 to the effects of the industrial revolution, there are a very small number – a few dozen scientists out of tens of thousands – who dispute the conclusion. Giving equal voice to scientists on both sides makes it seem like there is a serious disagreement within the scientific community, when in fact there is an overwhelming scientific consensus on climate change that anthropogenic global warming exists.


title: False balance

text: Observers have criticized the involvement of mass media in the controversy, what is known as "science by press conference", alleging that the media provided Andrew Wakefield's study with more credibility than it deserved. A March 2007 paper in "BMC Public Health" by Shona Hilton, Mark Petticrew, and Kate Hunt postulated that media reports on Wakefield's study had "created the misleading impression that the evidence for the link with autism was as substantial as the evidence against". Earlier papers in "Communication in Medicine" and the "British Medical Journal" concluded that media reports provided a misleading picture of the level of support for Wakefield's hypothesis.


title: Vipin Sharma

text: Vipin Kumar Sharma is an Indian actor, editor and filmmaker. He is best known for his acting roles in "Taare Zameen Par" (2007), "Gangs of Wasseypur" (2012), "Kick" (2014), "Paatal Lok" (2020) and "The Family Man" (2021).


title: Vipin Sharma

text: Sharma spend his early childhood in a slum in Delhi. Though he was interested into acting from his early days, he got interested in theater, after listening to radio talk of Sanjeev Kumar. He joined a small Punjabi theater group to perform various odd jobs in Delhi, e.g. selling tickets or serving teas.


title: Vipin Sharma

text: He is an alumnus of National School of Drama, New Delhi, India and the Canadian Film Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He graduated from the National School of Drama, India in 2003, .


title: Vipin Sharma

text: Sharma made his acting debut with Doordarshan's television series "Bharat Ek Khoj" in 1989, followed by his feature film debut in "Krishna" (1996), he gained attention for his portrayal of Nandakishore Awasthi in Aamir Khan's "Taare Zameen Par" (2007). He was later nominated for his first ever Screen Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for "Taare Zameen Par," but eventually lost to his co-star Aamir Khan.


title: Vipin Sharma

text: Following the success of "Taare Zameen Par", Sharma played the servant Balvant in the horror film "1920" (2008), the title character's landlord in the psychological thriller film "Karthik Calling Karthik" (2010), Gaindha Singh in the romantic thriller film "Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster" (2011), Major Masand in the biographical drama film "Paan Singh Tomar" (2012), Ehsaan Qureshi in the critically acclaimed crime action film "Gangs of Wasseypur" (2012), and Dilip in the Indian-Australian-American co-production, "Hotel Mumbai" (2018). Since 2020, he has starred in the Amazon's series "Paatal Lok" as DCP Bhagat.


title: Aimé Leon Dore

text: Aimé Leon Dore (pronounced 'eh-meh lee-on door') is a fashion and lifestyle brand based in Queens, New York, founded in March 2014. Led by founder Teddy Santis, Aimé Leon Dore has their flagship store located on Mulberry Street in Manhattan's Nolita neighborhood.


title: Aimé Leon Dore

text: In 2015, the brand collaborated with Puma on an update of Puma's classic State sneaker. In 2016, ALD opened its first physical retail location on Mott St. in New York's Nolita neighborhood. The shop quickly developed a reputation for its strong community, evolving interior (which changed with each seasonal collection), and its mysterious exterior (with curtains hung over the door and street-facing windows). In 2017, Aimé Leon Dore collaborated with KITH on hoodies, t-shirts, pullover sailing jackets, pants, and caps with a nautical theme and anchors, boat paddles, and evil eye iconography inspired by Mykonos.


title: Aimé Leon Dore

text: In 2019, ALD moved to a larger storefront on nearby Mulberry St, That also has an attached nostalgic coffee shop. The new store gave greater expression to the brand's creative vision and included a living-room style interior evoking classic Parisian homes, an installation from New York artist Tyrrell Winston, as a well as Café Leon Dore, a Mediterranean coffee shop inspired by Santis' Greek roots with outdoor seating. Jon Caramanica of "The New York Times" reviewed ALD's Mulberry flagship in his column "Critical Shopper." The piece described ALD as a post-streetwear heritage brand.


title: Aimé Leon Dore

text: To date, ALD has collaborated with New Balance on three major projects spanning three seasons (Spring/Summer 2019, Fall/Winter 2020, and Spring/Summer 2020). Each project has seen ALD deliver its unique take on New Balance's heritage and design in ways which pay homage to life in New York. The inaugural project in April 2019 focused on NB's iconic 997 silhouette; a collection featuring the 990v2 and 990v5 followed in November 2019; and the brand delivered a project featuring the 827 (the first time the shoe had been revived following its launch over 20 years ago) in March 2020.


title: Aimé Leon Dore

text: In February 2020, ALD released the first-of-its-kind ALD 964, a one-of-one custom 1990 Porsche 964 911 Carrera 4 restored with Porsche's blessing and support, the first time they had lent their official backing to a vintage 911 restoration. The project included a video campaign, limited-edition capsule collection, and physical activation at the Deitch gallery on Wooster St. in New York's SoHo district.


title: Aimé Leon Dore

text: The brand's design is influenced by classic hip hop and basketball, and Teddy Santis's experiences growing up between Queens and Greece in the 1990s.


title: Aimé Leon Dore

text: The brand has also collaborated with Woolrich, Suicoke, Timberland, New Balance, New Era, Paraboot, Drake's, and Porsche.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: Birmingham is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a northern suburb of Detroit located along the Woodward Corridor (M-1). As of the 2010 census, the population was 20,103.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: The area comprising what is now the city of Birmingham was part of land ceded by Native American tribes to the United States government by the 1807 Treaty of Detroit. However, settlement was delayed, first by the War of 1812. Afterward the Surveyor-General of the United States, Edward Tiffin, made an unfavorable report regarding the placement of Military Bounty Lands for veterans of the War of 1812. Tiffin's report claimed that, because of marsh, in this area "There would not be an acre out of a hundred, if there would be one out of a thousand that would, in any case, admit cultivation." In 1818, Territorial Governor Lewis Cass led a group of men along the Indian Trail. The governor's party discovered that the swamp was not as extensive as Tiffin had supposed. Not long after Cass issued a more encouraging report about the land, interest quickened as to its suitability for settlement.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: The earliest land entry was made on January 28, 1819, by Colonel Benjamin Kendrick Pierce (brother of future U.S. President Franklin Pierce) for the northwest quarter of section 36. Colonel Pierce visited his land several times, but never settled on it. In March 1818, John W. Hunter and his brother Daniel left Auburn, New York, by sleigh and traveled to Michigan by way of Upper Canada. They waited in Detroit for their father and other family members, who arrived by schooner via Lake Erie in July. The family remained in Detroit until spring 1819, when Hunter made an entry for the northeast quarter of section 36, now in the southeast section of current-day Birmingham. Lacking a proper land survey, Hunter mistakenly built his log house on a tract later purchased by Elijah Willits. That house was later occupied by William Hall, a son-in-law of Elisha Hunter, while John W. Hunter built another log house a short distance to the southeast. On September 25, 1821, Elijah Willits made a land entry for the southwest quarter of section 25. Two days later, Major John Hamilton made an entry for the southeast quarter of section 25. Each of these initial land entries met at what is now the intersection of Maple Road and Pierce Street.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: For a time, all three men, John W. Hunter, Hamilton, and Willits, operated hotels and taverns from their houses within a short distance from each other. While Hunter did not continue for very long, Hamilton and Willits continued a rivalry for many years, competing with each other for business from travelers on Woodward Avenue between Detroit and Pontiac. The growing settlement was known variously as "Hamilton's", "Hunter's", or "Willits'"; it was later known as "Piety Hill".


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: The settlement's original plat was surveyed and recorded on August 25, 1836, in the northwest quarter of section 36, then owned by Rosewell T. Merrill, who also ran the town foundry and the thrashing machine factory. Merrill named his plat "Birmingham" after Birmingham, England; he envisioned that it would also become a great industrial center. Elijah Willits recorded a plat on his property on December 20, 1837. John W. Hunter followed suit with two plats on his property on January 31, 1840, and June 21, 1842, while Major Hamilton laid out a plat on October 7, 1846. Several other properties were subsequently platted as additions. The plats made in 1836 and 1837 were in anticipation of completion of the Detroit and Pontiac Railroad.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: Now known as 'Birmingham', the village first received mail through the "Bloomfield" post office. Birmingham established its own post office on April 5, 1838. The settlement incorporated as a village in 1864, comprising the northern half of section 36 and the southern half of section 25, with a total land area of one square mile. The first village elections were held March 1, 1864. It was soon governed by a seven-man board of trustees, who appointed a marshal and a treasurer. Birmingham re-incorporated as a city in 1933. Prior to this, the area just north of 14 Mile along Woodward was known as "Eco City".


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: The names of the city's founders appear throughout Birmingham in civic institutions and commercial businesses: Pierce Elementary School, Hunter House Hamburgers (which was located on the road formerly known as Hunter Boulevard, which bypassed downtown to the east and was renamed Woodward, with the original Woodward Avenue section renamed Old Woodward), Hamilton Hotel, Willits Building, and Merrill Street. Hall & Hunter Realtors adopted their name in honor of the builder and occupier of Birmingham's first home.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: Birmingham is bordered by Bloomfield Hills on the northwest, Royal Oak on the southeast, Bloomfield Charter Township on the west and north, Southfield Township on the south, and Troy on the northeast.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: As of the census of 2010, there were 20,103 people, 9,039 households, and 5,307 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 9,979 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 92.3% White, 3.0% African American, 0.1% Native American, 2.5% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.1% of the population.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: There were 9,039 households, of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.3% were non-families. 36.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.96.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: The median age in the city was 41.1 years. 24.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 3.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.7% were from 25 to 44; 30.1% were from 45 to 64; and 13.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: As of the census of 2000, there were 19,291 people, 9,131 households, and 5,076 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 9,700 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 96.13% White, 0.91% African American, 0.15% Native American, 1.50% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.19% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.19% of the population.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: There were 9,131 households, out of which 24.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.6% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.4% were non-families. 38.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.85.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: In the city the population was spread out, with 21.2% under the age of 18, 3.9% from 18 to 24, 34.9% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.2 males.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: The median income for a household in the city was $80,861, and the median income for a family was $110,627. Males had a median income of $78,865 versus $51,834 for females. The per capita income for the city was $59,314. About 1.6% of families and 2.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.5% of those under age 18 and 3.3% of those age 65 or over.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: Settlers founded the First United Methodist Church in 1821 and conducted services in Elijah Willets' tavern. Its current structure was built in 1839; it is now the oldest church building in the city. Other houses of worship represent many religions.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: George H. Mitchell and Almeron Whitehead were two of a small group of bachelors who had formed a club called The Eccentrics; they published a newspaper of the same name, issuing the first edition on May 2, 1878. At a price of 2 cents, "The Eccentric" provided a "live home paper, replete with all the news of the day", with considerable emphasis on the "local items of importance occurring in Birmingham and immediate vicinity". By the turn of the 20th century, "The Eccentric" ran advertisements for Detroit stores and theaters, as well as offers of property and houses suitable for the "commuter". In the 1920s, the slogan of "The Eccentric" was "For a Bigger and Better Birmingham". Today, the "Birmingham Eccentric" newspaper continues its role as reporter of the community's local news.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: In 1923, a group of friends formed The Village Players of Birmingham, a private theatre club. Originally, performances were given in the community house. In 1928 the group commissioned their own theater just outside the downtown area. Today this all-volunteer group is open to everyone and puts on five shows each year.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: Birmingham's Community House, opened in 1923, is located in downtown Birmingham. It is a non-sectarian, non-partisan venue used for meetings, banquets, weddings and other celebrations.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: In 2008, the Birmingham Little League won the nine- to ten-year-old Little League state championship. The team beat Western Little League 12–5 to earn the title.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: The city has more than twenty parks, with many amenities, including tennis and pickleball courts, baseball diamonds, playgrounds, golf courses, sledding hills, nature trails, picnic areas, and deep woods. Shain Park, the city's main commons, is the site of the Village Fair, art shows, summer music concerts and numerous community events. At the center stands "Freedom of the Human Spirit" sculpted by Marshall Fredericks.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: The Birmingham City School District administers several nationally accredited schools, including Seaholm High School and Groves High School. Roeper School has a campus on Adams Road.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: The Holy Name School is a co-educational parochial school founded by the Roman Catholic Holy Name Church. It educates children grades pre-K to 8. The private school was established in 1928, along with a convent for IHM nuns. (That has since closed.) The church and school continue to operate in conjunction today.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: Pierce Elementary School in Birmingham provides classes for elementary school students of the French School of Detroit.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: The Japanese School of Detroit (JSD), a supplementary school for Japanese citizens, first began holding classes in Birmingham in 1987, when its operation at Seaholm High started. It began holding classes at Covington School in 1989, and it also had classes at West Maple Elementary. At one point its school offices were in Birmingham. In 2010 the school announced it was moving its operations to Novi.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: The Baldwin Public Library serves the city of Birmingham and nearby communities of Beverly Hills, Bingham Farms, and Bloomfield Hills. The original building first opened to the public on December 19, 1927. In October 1959, an extension for the Youth Department was added to the east side of the building. In 1983, another addition opened, changing the entrance to Merrill Street. There are over 120,000 books in the library, along with CDs, DVDs, periodicals, educational toys, databases and free Wi-Fi.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: The library is named after Martha Baldwin, a civic leader and lifelong resident of Birmingham who was instrumental in establishing the first library. She also helped get improvements such as sidewalks laid for the business section, street lights, seats placed at interurban transit stops, flowers and trees planted, and trash baskets placed at the street corners.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: In 1839, the railroad tracks were extended to Birmingham with two steam trains a day running to Detroit.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: On June 18, 1896, the Oakland Railway, the electric interurban, was constructed to Birmingham; it provided service to Detroit in 40 minutes. This service ended in 1931 as many passengers switched to the commuter rail and automobiles.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: Amtrak provides long-distance passenger rail service on the Pontiac–Detroit–Chicago Wolverine. It stops in Birmingham three times per day in each direction at the Birmingham, Michigan Amtrak station. Class one freight rail service is provided by Canadian National Railway (CN).


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: By 1931, the Grand Trunk Western Railroad (GTW) moved the railroad tracks to their present location. It provided commuter rail service from Pontiac to downtown Detroit with a stop in Birmingham. The Southeastern Michigan Transportation Authority (SEMTA) took control of this service in 1974 but it was ended on October 17, 1983, after subsidies were discontinued. Efforts continue to this day to restore such service.


title: Birmingham, Michigan

text: In the 21st century, the Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation (SMART) and the Regional Transit Authority (RTA) operate local and regional bus transit.


title: Nancy Drew and the Hidden Staircase (2019 film)

text: Nancy Drew and the Hidden Staircase is a 2019 American teen mystery comedy film directed by Katt Shea with a screenplay by Nina Fiore and John Herrera, based on the book of the same name by Carolyn Keene which was earlier adapted for a 1939 film. The film, produced by A Very Good Production and Red 56 and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, stars Sophia Lillis in the role of Nancy Drew, as she investigates a haunted house. It also stars Zoe Renee, Mackenzie Graham, Laura Slade Wiggins, Sam Trammell, and Linda Lavin in supporting roles.


text: "Nancy Drew and the Hidden Staircase" was released in the United States on March 15, 2019, by Warner Bros. Pictures. The film received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for Lillis' performance and humor, but criticized its muddled plot and inconsistent tone.


text: After her mother's death, 16-year-old sleuth Nancy Drew and her father Carson relocate from Chicago to rural River Heights. While Nancy struggles to fit in, Carson is active in local politics, fighting the development of a train line through the town. A local thug named Willie Wharton threatens Nancy one night to try to scare her father into backing down.


text: While performing community service as punishment for a prank on a school bully, Nancy meets Flora, an elderly woman needing help with an apparent haunting in her home. Excited by the mystery, Nancy stays overnight at Flora's home, along with Flora's niece Helen. That night, strange things begin to happen, with lights going out and then exploding, cabinet doors and drawers opening, and a cloaked figure appearing and warning Nancy to give up her mystery.


text: The next day, Nancy believes that someone broke in and tried scaring them out. Nancy and Helen investigate, and they find a secret passage that leads outside, revealing how the "ghost" entered the house. The secret passage also contains props the intruder used to simulate a haunting, such as a rigged fuse box to manipulate the lights in the house. The rest of the strange phenomenon is explained by a rig that emits concentrated nutmeg through the house's air conditioning, which triggers dangerous hallucinations.


text: Later, Nancy realizes her father, who is staying out of town on a business trip, has not checked in with her or her aunt Hannah recently. She calls her father's friend Nate, who tells her that Carson's meeting is at a campsite and reception must be spotty. Nancy is not convinced, as Carson had told her he would be staying at a hotel.


text: Worried that something has happened to him, Nancy and Helen head to Carson's hotel. They discover that he never checked out, and his cell phone is still in his room. Security footage from the previous night reveals Carson was ambushed and kidnapped by Wharton. Nancy's friends Bess and George find out that Wharton is also the man who bought the nutmeg used at Flora's house, and Nancy realizes Carson is being kept in the secret passage there. She and Helen head to Flora's house, where they discover Wharton and Nate holding Carson and Flora hostage. It is revealed that Wharton and Nate were working together to sabotage the anti-train movement, and that they intended to force Flora to sell her house so the line could be built through her property. When Nancy's investigation proved that the house was not haunted, they were forced to use other means to secure the land. Nancy and Helen work together to save Carson and Flora from their captors, who are then arrested by the police.


text: The next day at school, Nancy, George, and Bess welcome Helen into their circle of friends, and together they plan their next adventure at the Lilac Inn.


text: On April 20, 2018, it was reported that Sophia Lillis would star in the film adaptation of "Nancy Drew and the Hidden Staircase", which would be produced by Ellen DeGeneres, Jeff Kleeman, and Chip Diggins for Warner Bros. Pictures. In June, other casting was announced which included Zoe Renee as George, Mackenzie Graham as Bess, Laura Slade Wiggins as Helen, Sam Trammell as Carson, Linda Lavin as Flora, and Andrea Anders as Hannah, along with Jay DeVon Johnson, Andrew Matthew Welch, Jon Briddell, Josh Daugherty, Evan Castelloe, and Jesse C. Boyd. Principal photography on the film took place that same month in Monroe, Georgia.


text: The score of the film was composed by Sherri Chung. Emily Bear composed and sings the songs "More than Just a Girl" and "Daylight".


text: On January 18, 2019, DeGeneres announced exclusively that the film would be released in theaters on March 15; she also debuted a trailer. On February 19, 2019, Warner Bros. Pictures released a short clip from the film. In addition, DeGeneres interviewed Lillis on her talk show to promote the film.


text: As of August 2020, "Nancy Drew and the Hidden Staircase" grossed $623,088 at the box office, and a further $322,939 with home video sales.


text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of , based on reviews, with an average rating of . The website's consensus reads, "Elevated by a well-cast Sophia Lillis, "Nancy Drew and the Hidden Staircase" leads audiences into a genially entertaining new take on the venerable character." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 55 out of 100, based on reviews from 10 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


text: Peter Debruge of Variety praised the "consistently clever script" saying it "isn't nearly as interested in the mystery as it is in Nancy Drew herself, or in the circle of characters and relationships that surround her. And that’s the smart way to approach such a case, since the movie was clearly intended to be more than a one-off." He also praises Lillis for her performance and says she is "the freshest thing to happen to Nancy Drew in decades, making it clear that casting was the solution that has so often eluded this series in its jump from page to screen in the past."


text: "Nancy Drew and the Hidden Staircase" was nominated for Best DVD or Blu-ray Release at the 45th Saturn Awards.


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: The Drowning Pool is a 1975 American thriller film directed by Stuart Rosenberg, and based upon Ross Macdonald's novel of the same name. The film stars Paul Newman, Joanne Woodward, and Anthony Franciosa, and is a loose sequel to "Harper". The setting is shifted from California to Louisiana.


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: Los Angeles-based private investigator Lew Harper flies to Louisiana to do a job for his former lover, Iris Devereaux. She believes the family's ex-chauffeur is the person who is blackmailing her with the knowledge that she has cheated on her husband. The husband does not care, but his mother, Olivia Devereaux, is the family matriarch and runs the family estate with an iron, unforgiving grip.


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: Even before his investigation begins, Harper is propositioned in his motel room by a teenaged girl. He sends her away, but later he discovers that the teenager is Iris Devereaux's daughter, Schuyler. Their meeting in the motel room brings Harper to the attention of police chief Broussard and the disagreeable Lieutenant Franks. Broussard accepts Harper's explanation, but tells him he will be following what Harper does, as he has a personal interest in the Devereaux family.


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: Harper is abducted by two hoods working for the oil magnate J.Hugh Kilbourne, who thinks Harper might be useful in his efforts to get ownership of some of Olivia Devereaux's oil-rich properties, which she is content to maintain as bird sanctuaries. Harper is noncommittal towards Kilbourne, and the hoods return him to his car. On Harper's return, he learns that the dead body of Olivia Devereaux has just been found and the police's prime suspect is the ex-chauffeur.


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: While searching for the chauffeur, Harper is abducted again, this time by hoods working for a mysterious woman. He does not have any useful information for her and is released; he later finds out she is Mavis Kilbourne, the wife of the oil magnate. She is working behind her husband's back trying to find an account book containing information of his illicit business dealings, which he is desperate to recover and would kill her over if he knew she had a hand in its disappearance.


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: Harper tracks down the chauffeur, Pat Reavis. He finds Reavis with $10,000 in his possession and believes that Reavis was paid to kill Olivia. He calls the police to say that he's bringing Reavis in and makes Reavis drive at gunpoint. En route, Reavis denies involvement in blackmailing Iris and murdering Olivia, claiming he was only at the scene of the murder because he had been having an affair with Schuyler. However, he admits to having information that he expects will yield a lot of money, and offers Harper a share of it if he will let him go. The car they are in is forced off the road by masked gunmen, who shoot Reavis dead but miss Harper, who wounds one of the gunmen. The next day he is informed by Broussard that, mysteriously, there was no report made to the police of any gunfight, but that Lt. Franks has been injured in a "hunting accident".


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: Despite Iris's pleading with him to give up on the case and go home, Harper continues investigating. He correctly deduces that Reavis came into possession of the missing account book and must have given it to a trusted girlfriend for safekeeping. Knowing that Franks was involved in the killing of Reavis, Harper ambushes Franks in his own home and forces him to admit that he does jobs for Kilbourne. When Harper later confronts Kilbourne with the information, the oil magnate admits to having hired Reavis, but insists it was only to spy on Olivia Devereaux, not to kill her. When Harper tells Kilbourne he knows about the missing account book, Kilbourne offers him a fortune for it, but Harper just walks away.


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: This leads to Kilbourne and his henchman kidnapping Harper and Mavis to find out where the notebook is, torturing them with a fire hose in an abandoned asylum. When Harper refuses to give up any information, Kilbourne leaves them overnight to suffer. During this time, Harper uses their clothes to plug the drain, and he and Mavis flood the room in an attempt to reach the skylight. When the water is finally high enough, they find that they can't break the window, and are near drowning when they are ironically saved by Kilbourne returning to torture them more. Harper gives Kilbourne's gun to Mavis, asking her to watch him while Harper finds a phone to call for help. As Kilbourne brags to Harper that he has too much influence and that he'll get away with it all, shots suddenly ring out. Harper returns to find Kilbourne dead, with Mavis admitting that "He's right, he would've gotten away with it".


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: Returning to the Devereaux estate, Harper finds that Iris has committed suicide in the night with a combination of sleeping pills and alcohol. Chief Broussard is also there, devastated. Broussard asks Harper, "Did she tell you about us?", to which Harper replies, "She didn't have to". Harper confronts Schuyler in the bird sanctuary, where she has released all of Olivia's birds into the wild. Harper lays out how Schuyler was behind the whole affair, and she insists that "they really did a job on" her father before admitting that she hated both her mother and her grandmother. Harper then reveals that Broussard has been listening the whole time. Broussard lets Schuyler go and lashes out at Harper, before breaking down in tears and confirming that he is Schuyler's real father. Harper tells Broussard, "That's YOUR kid out there. How are you gonna handle that?" before leaving.


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: Harper visits Reavis' girlfriend, Gretchen, giving her $9200 (the $10,000 he confiscated from Reavis, minus the $800 in expenses he racked up during the case). He asks Gretchen to send the account book to "the biggest newspaper in New Orleans". The film ends with Gretchen telling Harper, "you're not such a tough guy."


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: The novel was published in 1950. The "New York Times" called it one of the best mysteries of the year.


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: In 1966, a film was made of a Lew Archer novel called "Harper", starring Paul Newman. The character of Archer was renamed "Harper" for the movie. It was based on a script by William Goldman, who then wrote a follow-up Archer adaptation, based on "The Chill", but that movie was never made.


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: In April 1973, producers David Foster and Lawrence Turman announced they had optioned the rights to the novel "The Drowning Pool" for director Robert Mulligan and had hired Walter Hill to adapt it. Hill did a draft, saying he "tried to toughen up the material and put a little more muscle in Lew Archer's pants, which was probably a mistake. Certainly, the studio and the producers ended up feeling that way; their main criticism was MacDonald's fans don't respond to physical action. They may have been right, but I thought going in the direction they wanted with the script was a highway to dullsville." Hill said this prompted him to "more or less jump ship" to go and make his directorial debut "Hard Times".


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: Hill says that when he became involved, Paul Newman was not attached to the film, and that when Hill left the project, so did Mulligan.


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: Eventually, Paul Newman agreed to star. This meant the film was co-produced by First Artists at Warner Bros. By July 1974, Joanne Woodward had agreed to co-star and Lorenzo Semple had rewritten the script. Producer Foster says it was Woodward's suggestion to relocate the story from California to Louisiana, as she felt it would offer a point of difference.


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: By September 1974, Tracy Keenan Wynn, who had earned a strong reputation writing TV movies, was working on the screenplay. Hill said that later Eric Roth did some writing on it.


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: Jack Garfein said his agent pitched Garfein to direct the movie and Newman was agreeable, but then Stuart Rosenberg approached Newman asking for the job, saying he was going through personal problems and was "desperate" for the job, so Newman chose Rosenberg.


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: Originally, the plan was to call the lead character "Dave Ryan" so the film would not be confused as a sequel to "Harper". Then a few weeks before preproduction, it was decided that it was "foolish to make this change" (Foster) and the character ended up being called "Harper".


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: Newman said, "a character like Harper is very easy. It's great fun to get up in the morning and play Harper."


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: The film was shot in late 1974. Location filming occurred in Lafayette and New Orleans. The melody to the international hit song "Killing Me Softly with His Song" is heard playing in the background of several scenes in the film.


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: At the time the film was being made, Paramount was producing a TV series based on the Lew Archer novels starring Brian Keith.


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: Before the movie came out, a film buyer said, "you're sure it's going to be a disaster because Stuart Rosenberg-ooh! What has Stuart Rosenberg got on Paul Newman? I mean, after "WUSA", how could anyone . . .? This man has got to be the Otto Preminger of grade-B movies. He just hasn't made a commercial movie in years, and people still give him big properties."


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: Hill later estimated that only two minor scenes in the film were true to his adaptation. He said, "[he] wasn't too crazy about the movie."


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: A.H. Weiler of "The New York Times" said in the review: "Under Stuart Rosenberg's muscular but pedestrian direction, the script, adapted from (Ross Macdonald's) 1950 novel, transports our hero from his native California to present-day New Orleans and its bayou environs. ... Of course, Mr. Newman's Harper survives beatings, traps, and a variety of enticing offers with quips, charm, and inherent decency projected in underplayed, workman-like style. If his performance is not outstanding, it is a shade more convincing than the characterizations of the other principals, who emerge as odd types and not as fully fleshed, persuasive individuals. ... Unfortunately, the performances and such authentic facets as Cajun talk, bayous, New Orleans and an imposing, white-pillared, antebellum mansion set amid wide lawns and ancient live oaks, serve only to make "The Drowning Pool" a mildly interesting diversion."


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: Roger Ebert gave the film a mixed 2-stars out of a possible 4 rating. He wrote that the basic premise of "The Drowning Pool" was "straightforward thriller material, and could have made a decent B movie, but since "The Drowning Pool" is a Paul Newman vehicle, it goes first class, and that turns out to be fatal. So much attention is given to making the movie look good visually that the story gets mislaid..."


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: The film was a disappointment at the box office in the United States and Canada, earning rentals of $2.6 million, but it performed better elsewhere, especially in Italy, France, Spain, and South Africa, and was expected to earn worldwide rentals of $8 million.


title: The Drowning Pool (film)

text: "The Drowning Pool" was released on November 14, 2006, as part of the Paul Newman Collection DVD box set.


title: Bell Huey family

text: The Bell Huey family of helicopters includes a wide range of civil and military aircraft produced since 1956 by Bell Helicopter. This H-1 family of aircraft includes the utility UH-1 Iroquois and the derivative AH-1 Cobra attack helicopter series and ranges from the XH-40 prototype, first flown in October 1956 to the 21st-century UH-1Y Venom and AH-1Z Viper.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: Alongside the Carabinieri, it is the main police force for providing police duties, primarily to cities and large towns, and with its child agencies it is also responsible for highway patrol ("autostrade"), railways ("ferrovie"), airports ("aeroporti"), customs (together with the "Guardia di Finanza") as well as certain waterways, and assisting the local police forces.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: It was a military force until 1981 when the Italian State Law 121 was passed. This converted the State Police to a civil force, which is in contrast to the other main police forces of Italy: the "Arma dei Carabinieri", which is a military police (gendarmerie) force and the "Guardia di Finanza", the Italian customs and border protection police that also falls in the military corps category.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: The "Polizia di Stato" is the principal Italian police force for the maintenance of public security and as such it is run directly from the "Dipartimento della Pubblica Sicurezza" (Department of Public Security), and the keeping of public order ("ordine pubblico"). Interpol summarizes the primary focus of this force: "Its responsibilities include investigative and law enforcement duties, and the security of motorway, railway, and waterway networks".


title: Polizia di Stato

text: While the modern Polizia di Stato was created in 1981 with the merger of the many civil police services of Italy, its roots date back to 1852 as the police force of the then Kingdom of Sardinia.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: It is successor and heir to the traditions of military and civil police organizations under both monarchy and republic.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: On 11 July 1852, the King of Sardinia Victor Emmanuel II established the Public Security Guards, a prototype city police service created to serve Turin and Genoa for the protection of their citizens (Law no.1404), and also formed detachments of municipal police. This date is marked as the official anniversary of the State Police.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: At that time there were a number of provincial National Guard and Municipal Militia battalions, plus cavalry platoons detached from the army and Carabinieri.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: In 1859, given the current situation in regards to the Unification of Italy, the Public Security Guards became the national civil police "defacto" of a unified Italian nation. Law 3570 (13 November 1859) officially introduced police inspectors into the growing force, and to ensure the security of the residents of a number of provincial capitals and other major cities, the "questori", appointed by the leadership with Royal assent, were also introduced becoming the police chiefs of these areas.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: On 9 October 1861, the General Directorate of Public Security of the Kingdom was formally established (Royal Decree 225) to serve as the central authority for civilian law enforcement.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: Europol (the EU's law enforcement agency), provides this summary of the force's responsibilities: "protecting the state, safeguarding the rights and freedoms of citizens, supervising the maintenance of public order, maintaining public safety, providing assistance to public entities and private in the event of accidents and disasters as well as the peaceful resolution of disputes between private individuals. It also deals with the training and education, at its facilities, of members of other police bodies... speciality departments include the Traffic, Railway, Communications Police, the Mobile Departments and the Scientific Police".


title: Polizia di Stato

text: The State Police has an authorised strength by law of 115,000 people. However, there are approximately 110,000 people of which 16,000 are women. Just under 6,000 employees are civilian support personnel with technical skills who provide logistic and technical support. In 2005 the State Police contained 105,324 members as follows: 893 "dirigenti" (leaders/officers), 1,839 "vice questori" (Vice-Questors), 723 "commissari capo" (Chief Superintendents), 19,230 "ispettori" (Inspectors), 666 "vice ispettori" (Sub-inspectors), 13,677 "sovrintendenti" (Sergeants), 38,976 "assistenti" (Senior agents), and 29,320 "agenti" (Constables/Agents).


title: Polizia di Stato

text: Approximately 1,500 officers are assigned to the "neighbourhood police" service, the "Polizia di Quartiere", which has a police presence on the streets and deters crime. Pairs of "poliziotti" (policemen) patrol areas of major cities on foot.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: The headquarters of the "Polizia di Stato" are in Rome and its chief is referred to as the "Capo della Polizia" ("Chief of the Police") with official Rank of "Capo della Polizia – Direttore Generale della Pubblica Sicurezza" ("Chief of the Police – Director General of the Public Security"). The Chief of the State Police is also the Honorary President of the "National Association of State Police" ("Associazione Nazionale della Polizia di Stato"). Three vice chiefs/directors-general report to the chief and their main functions are:


title: Polizia di Stato

text: The force is organized on a regional and provincial basis. The territory of the Italian Republic is divided into 20 regions. They include 107 provincial commands – one each in the 14 metropolitan cities ("città metropolitane"), 80 provinces ("province"), 6 free municipal consortiums ("liberi consorzi comunali", the formal provinces of Sicily), 4 abolished Friuli-Venezia Giulia provinces, 2 autonomous provinces – Bolzano – Alto Adige and Trento and 1 in Valle d'Aosta, which is an autonomous region with no provinces nor akin administrative subdivision at all. The administrative centre of each provincial command is the local headquarters, called "Questura" which is commanded by a "Questore" (that is also the highest State Police authority for the province – "Autorità Provinciale di Pubblica Sicurezza" – "Provincial Authority of Public Security"). The only exceptions are the 2 recently created provinces (Barletta-Andria-Trani (established by law in 2004, operational since 2009) and South Sardinia (established in and operational since 2016). The territory of each province is further divided into Public Security Offices ("Commissariati di Pubblica Sicurezza"), commanded by a "Vice Questore Aggiunto" or "Commissario Capo" ("Chief Commissioner"). The lowest public security authority is the police station or precinct ("Stazione di polizia").


title: Polizia di Stato

text: Main Offices, Divisions and Specialties of the State Police ("Uffici, Reparti e Specialità della Polizia di Stato"):


title: Polizia di Stato

text: There is a "Questura" in each of the 105 Italian provincial capitals. It is responsible for all the activities carried out by the Polizia di Stato within the province.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: In major cities and highly populated towns, there are police stations named "Commissariati di Pubblica Sicurezza" ("Public Security Offices"). Each "Commissariato di Pubblica Sicurezza" is under the Authority of a "Questura". Their task is to control, prevent and fight crime in their jurisdiction, and to deal with paperwork as to, among other things, requests for gun licences, passports, permits, and regularization of foreigners.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: "Polizia di Quartiere" is the "Quarter Police". Pairs of "Poliziotti" (Policemen) patrol areas of major cities on foot.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: About 24,000 officers, that is almost a quarter of police personnel, work within the Highway Patrol ("Polizia Stradale"), Railroad Police ("Polizia Ferroviaria"), Postal and Telecommunications Police ("Polizia Postale e delle Telecomunicazioni") and Border and Immigration Police ("Polizia di Frontiera").


title: Polizia di Stato

text: The "Polizia Stradale", or "PolStrada" for short, is a highway patrol organization. PolStrada police public roads all over the country, including the of motorways ("autostrada"), the main highways and arterial roads outside towns. Their duties are the prevention and detection of driving offences, car accident reports, planning and carrying out of services to regulate traffic, providing escorts for road safety, protection and control of the road network, rescue operations and cooperation in the collection of traffic flow data.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: The "Polizia Ferroviaria", or "PolFer" for short, ensure the security of travellers and their belongings on trains and at stations plus the safety and control of dangerous goods. Railroad Police officers patrol, in particular, long-distance and night trains, and at stations in big cities where vagrants often accumulate. "Rete Ferroviaria Italiana" and other "Ferrovie dello Stato" companies co-operate fully with the railroad police in dealing with railway security for passengers.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: The Polizia postale e delle comunicazioni, or "Polizia Postale" for short, investigates all crimes that use communications as part of its modus operandi such as computer hacking, online child pornography, credit card fraud, spreading computer viruses or software copyright violations.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: To control the flow of migrants into Italy, the Department of Public Security set up the Immigration and Border Police Service (Polizia di Frontiera), to enforce regulations concerning the entry and stay of aliens in Italy. The service operates at both central and local level with many land, air and maritime border police offices.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: The service is also responsible for passport control, the issuing of residence permits, as well as the prevention and control of illegal immigration. Although due to the Schengen Agreement the land borders have disappeared, the division is still present on all borders to do systematic or random checks. In airports, the border police are in charge of security (hand baggage searches are done by airport companies or private security companies but are supervised by the Polizia di Frontiera and by the Guardia di Finanza) and immigration checks.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: There are 13 mobile units of "Reparto Mobile" located in the main Italian cities. These can be deployed throughout the country to maintain public order with crowd-control equipment and vehicles or perform rescue services in areas affected by natural disasters. These units employ personnel that are trained and equipped for their task.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: The P.d.S.'s bomb disposal units, mounted detachments, canine units, air support squadrons and maritime and river police units all fall under the mobile unit HQ.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: The Anti Terrorism Police is a specialist body made up of the Central Directorate for the Anti Terrorism Police and of the Branches for "General Investigations and Special Operations Division" (DIGOS – "Divisione Investigazioni Generali e Operazioni Speciali"), located in the "questure" at the local level. The Directorate for the Anti Terrorism Police has two departments: one is mainly responsible for information collection and analysis while the other develops and coordinates investigations aimed at preventing and fighting terrorism. The "Nucleo Operativo Centrale di Sicurezza" (Central Operational Core of Security) is the State Police's elite police tactical unit.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: Recruit training is carried out at the police academy and at an advanced school for senior police officers. There are schools for basic training of cadet officers and technical operators, for teaching police specialities, for instructors, pilots, dog handlers and mounted police officers and the community police school.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: The standard service pistol of the "Polizia di Stato" is the Beretta Model 92FS; other sidearms might be made available to police personnel according to necessities and assignments. In addition, a Beretta PM-12S submachine gun is issued to every squad car. Other firearms, such as the Beretta 70/90 assault weapons system, Heckler & Koch MP5 sub-machine guns and Benelli shotguns are in service with the corps and can either be issued to the general personnel according to particular necessities or to the specialities the officers are assigned to. A 40mm grenade launcher, the GL-40/90, manufactured by Luigi Franchi S.p.A. under license from Heckler & Koch of Germany is the standard issue weapon for riot control operations.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: The State Police use Italian vehicles ranging from 1994 Fiat Puntos to the Alfa Romeo 159 2,4 JTD, and the Alfa Romeo 155 8v and foreign makes such as the Subaru Legacy SW and Subaru Forester, BMW E46 and E91, and the Volvo XC70.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: In May 2004 the PdS received two Lamborghini Gallardos equipped with V10 engines and in the classic blue white livery with accessories such as a container for transporting organs and a defibrillator. The cars are used on the A3 Salerno-Reggio Calabria and the A14 Bologna-Taranto motorways.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: On 29 November 2009, one of the two Gallardos was severely damaged in an accident while returning from a public display in Cremona: it crashed into some parked cars while avoiding another car which crossed the road illegally. The Gallardo was fully insured, and is currently being repaired by Lamborghini itself.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: On 30 March 2017 the PdS received the second Lamborghini Huracán equipped with V10 engines and 520 bhp in the classic blue-white livery with accessories such as a container for transporting organs and a defibrillator.


title: Polizia di Stato

text: The directors of police are not sworn police officers, but senior civil servants, and are not uniformed.


title: Dolla (girl group)

text: Dolla is a four-member Malaysian girl group formed in 2019 by Universal Music Malaysia. Its members consists of Sabronzo, Tabby, Angel, and Syasya. The group is known for their vocal, dance & rap elements in their performances. They signed a contract with Universal Music Malaysia and released their debut single "Dolla Make You Wanna" on 20 March 2020. The group fandom is called "iDolla"


title: Dolla (girl group)

text: Dolla was formed in August 2019 through auditions. The members did not know each other prior to their auditions.


title: Dolla (girl group)

text: Dolla gained pre-debut public attention for their performance at the #RapstarEra Final, at The Bee Republika. On 20 March 2020, they released their debut single "Dolla Make You Wanna", produced by Australian composer and producer Bryan B, and written by Zamaera, Bryan B, Shou Raion, and Luca Sickta.


title: Dolla (girl group)

text: Dolla was one of seventeen Malaysian artists to collaborate with Universal Music Malaysia to produce the song, "#jangankeluar" (translation: "Don't Go Out), a hip hop song produced by Yonnyboii. The song was released as part of a public health appeal to remind Malaysians to keep to the Malaysian Government's Movement Control Order during the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Dolla (girl group)

text: The group, along with their fellow Southeast Asian artists, collaborated on the song, "HEAL", produced by Star Music, a wholly owned subsidiary of ABS-CBN Corporation.


title: Dolla (girl group)

text: Dolla released "Impikan" and its English version, "Watch Me Glow" in October 2020. They released their third single, "Berani" in September 2021.


title: Dolla (girl group)

text: On 13 November 2021, Dolla was nominated for the 34th Bintang Popular Berita Harian Awards as Most Popular Female New Artist and won in that category, making the group as the first all-female group to won the category.


title: Dolla (girl group)

text: In February 2022, they released their single, "Bad" in Malay and English version. In the same month, they held their first showcase & released their first mini album consist of their previously released songs including "Bad". Throughout the year, they released several collaboration songs with other artists such as "Hael Husaini", "Naim Daniel" & "Yonnyboii" showcasing their different sides of musical genres.


title: Hajime Moriyasu

text: Moriyasu was educated at and played for Nagasaki Nihon University High School. After finishing his school, he joined Japan Soccer League side Mazda in 1987. New manager Hans Ooft rated him highly and established him as an anchoring midfielder in the team. In April 1990, Moriyasu had a trial at Manchester United. When Japan's first ever professional league, J.League, started in 1993, Mazda was transformed to Sanfrecce Hiroshima for whom he continued to play. Together with Yahiro Kazama, he controlled Hiroshima's midfield and contributed to the club winning the second stage of the 1994 J1 League season.


title: Hajime Moriyasu

text: In 1998, Ooft became the manager of Kyoto Purple Sanga and recruited Moriyasu on a loan deal. The deal was initially meant to be a permanent one but infuriated Hiroshima supporters collected signatures against the deal, which forced the clubs to settle for a loan. He was the linchpin of Kyoto for the 1998 season.


title: Hajime Moriyasu

text: Moriyasu came back to Hiroshima for the 1999 season but find out his opportunities to play gradually decreasing mainly because of young Kazuyuki Morisaki's challenge for the place.


title: Hajime Moriyasu

text: He was offered a coaching position at Hiroshima in 2002 but turned it down to continue to play. He moved to Vegalta Sendai and retired there at the end of the 2003 season.


title: Hajime Moriyasu

text: Ooft became the national coach of Japan national team in 1992. Ooft called up and played Moriyasu for his first match in charge against Argentina held on 31 May 1992 at the Tokyo National Stadium. Moriyasu was still a low-profile player at that time and many international teammates didn't know how to pronounce his name. What Ooft asked him to do throughout his reign was a simple task, to "win the ball and pass it to playmaker Ruy Ramos".


title: Hajime Moriyasu

text: He was a member of the Japan team that won the 1992 Asian Cup and played all the Japan games except the final against Saudi Arabia for which he was ineligible due to suspension.


title: Hajime Moriyasu

text: Under Ooft, Japan progressed to the 1994 World Cup qualification for the 1994 World Cup. Moriyasu was on the pitch when Japan's hope to play in the finals was dashed by an injury time Iraqi equaliser in the last qualifier, the match that the Japanese fans now refer to as the Agony of Doha.


title: Hajime Moriyasu

text: He was capped 35 times between 1992 and 1996. He scored one goal for his country in a friendly against Australia on 10 February 1996.


title: Hajime Moriyasu

text: Moriyasu served as a coach for Sanfrecce Hiroshima from the 2004 season. He also coached the Japan national youth team which participated in the 2006 AFC Youth Championship and the 2007 U-20 World Cup. He was a coach for the Hiroshima first team from 2007 to 2009 before a spell coaching at Albirex Niigata.


title: Hajime Moriyasu

text: It was confirmed on 8 December 2011 that Moriyasu would return to Sanfrecce Hiroshima as manager for the 2012 season. Since then, he has won the J1 league title for both the 2012 season and the 2013 season. He left the club in July 2017 after poor results in the league campaign.


title: Hajime Moriyasu

text: Moriyasu was the coach of the under-23 national team preparing for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. He will stay on even as his duties were broadened by his new appointment.


title: Hajime Moriyasu

text: Moriyasu assisted coach Akira Nishino in the last 16 in the recent World Cup finals in Russia. On 26 July 2018, with the current coach stepping down, the Japan Football Association appointed Hajime Moriyasu as the new coach of the men's national team, with an eye to the World Cup in 2022. He led Japan to the 2019 AFC Asian Cup Final after defeated Iran 3–0 at semi-finals, but was defeated at the final 3–1 to Qatar to mark Japan's first defeat at a continental final.


title: Hajime Moriyasu

text: Moriyasu's son, Keigo Moriyasu, played as a striker for Edgeworth FC in the National Premier Leagues Northern NSW in Australia. Another son Shohei also played football professionally for J2 League side Kamatamare Sanuki.


title: Prince Philip movement

text: The Prince Philip movement is a religious sect followed by the Kastom people around the villages of Yaohnanen and Yakel on the southern island of Tanna in Vanuatu. It is a cargo cult of the Yaohnanen tribe, who believe in the divinity of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (1921–2021), once consort to Queen Elizabeth II.


title: Prince Philip movement

text: According to ancient Yaohnanen tales, the son of a mountain spirit travelled over them. He was sometimes said to be a brother to John Frum.


title: Prince Philip movement

text: The people of the Yaohnanen and Takel area had seen the respect accorded to Queen Elizabeth II by the colonial officials and concluded that her husband, Prince Philip, must be the son referred to in their legends.


title: Prince Philip movement

text: It is unclear just when this belief came about, but it was probably some time in the 1950s or 1960s. It was strengthened by the royal couple's official visit to Vanuatu in 1974, when a few villagers had the opportunity to actually see Prince Philip from a distance. The Prince was not then aware of the sect, but it was brought to his attention several years later by John Champion, the British Resident Commissioner in the New Hebrides.


title: Prince Philip movement

text: Champion suggested that Prince Philip send them a portrait of himself. He agreed and sent a signed official photograph. The villagers responded by sending him a traditional pig-killing club called a "nal-nal". In compliance with their request, the Prince sent a photograph of himself posing with the club. Another photograph was sent in 2000. All three photographs were kept by Chief Jack Naiva, who died in 2009.


title: Prince Philip movement

text: Anne, Princess Royal, visited Tanna in October 2014. She is the only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip. She had visited Vanuatu in 1974, but had not previously travelled to the island. Charles III, then Prince of Wales, visited the island in 2018.


title: Prince Philip movement

text: On 27 September 2007, Channel 4 broadcast "Meet the Natives", a reality show about five Tanna men from the Prince Philip Movement on a visit to Britain. Their trip culminated in an off-screen audience with Philip, where gifts were exchanged, including a new photograph of the Prince.


title: Prince Philip movement

text: The sect celebrated the 2018 wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle by holding a party, where they hoisted the Union Jack, danced, and ate pigs. The villagers were initially unaware of the wedding, until a travel agent for the island, who was contacted by "The Times", relayed the message.


title: Prince Philip movement

text: In April 2021, the sect mourned Prince Philip's death. Village Chief Albi said that he was "terribly, terribly sorry" that he died and tribal leader Chief Yapa sent his condolences to the Royal Family and the people of the UK. The Union Flag was flown at half mast on the grounds of the nakamal. A formal mourning period was declared and many tribespeople gathered on 12 April in a ceremony to remember the Duke, where men took turns to speak and pay tribute to him. For the next few weeks, villagers met periodically to conduct rites for him, whom they see as a "recycled descendant of a very powerful spirit or god that lives on one of their mountains". They conducted ritualistic dance, held a procession, and displayed memorabilia of the Duke, while the men drank kava, a ceremonial drink made from the roots of the kava plant. The period of mourning culminated with a "significant gathering" where a great deal of yams and kava plants were on display. Numerous pigs were also killed for the ceremony. Referring to the Queen, Chief Jack Malia said though the Duke is dead, they still have a connection with the 'mother' of the royal family. Many of the tribesmen believe that while his body lies at rest, the Duke's soul will return to "its spiritual home, the island of Tanna".


title: Prince Philip movement

text: Kirk Huffman, an anthropologist familiar with the group, said that after their period of mourning the group would probably transfer their veneration to Prince Charles (now King Charles III), who had visited Vanuatu in 2018 and met with some of the tribal leaders.


title: Islam in Korea

text: In South Korea, Islam (이슬람교) is a minority religion. The Muslim community is centered in Seoul and there are a few mosques around the country. According to the Korea Muslim Federation, there are about 200,000 Muslims living in South Korea, and about 70 to 80 percent are foreigners. Seoul alone has 40% of South Korea's total Muslim population. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has hosted an Iftar dinner during the month of Ramadan every year since 2004. Among Koreans, Muslims consist of only 0.4% of the total population. However, the increasing immigration of Muslims to Korea is allowing the Muslim communities in Korea to continue to grow.


title: Islam in Korea

text: During the middle to late 7th century, Muslim traders had traversed from the Caliphate to Tang China and established contact with Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In 751, a Chinese general of Goguryeo descent, Gao Xianzhi, led the Battle of Talas for the Tang dynasty against the Abbasid Caliphate but was defeated. The earliest reference to Korea in a non-East Asian geographical work appears in the "General Survey of Roads and Kingdoms" by Istakhri in the mid-9th century.


title: Islam in Korea

text: The first verifiable presence of Islam in Korea dates back to the 9th century during the Unified Silla period with the arrival of Arab navigators and traders. According to numerous Muslim geographers, including the 9th-century Muslim Persian explorer and geographer Ibn Khordadbeh, many of them settled down permanently in Korea, establishing Muslim villages. Some records indicate that many of these settlers were from Iraq. Korean records suggest that a large number of the Muslim foreigners settled in Korea in the 9th century CE led by a man named Hasan Raza Further suggesting a Middle Eastern Muslim community in Silla are figurines of royal guardians with distinctly Persian characteristics. In turn, later many Muslims intermarried with Koreans. Some assimilation into Buddhism and Shamanism took place owing to Korea's geographical isolation from the Muslim world.


title: Islam in Korea

text: In 1154, Korea was included in the Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi's world atlas, "Tabula Rogeriana". The oldest surviving Korean world map, the "Gangnido", drew its knowledge of the Western Regions from the work of Islamic geographers.


title: Islam in Korea

text: According to local Korean accounts, Muslims arrived in the peninsula in the year 1024 in the Goryeo kingdom, a group of some 100 Muslims, including Hasan Raza, came in September of the 15th year of Hyeonjong of Goryeo and another group of 100 Muslim merchants came the following year.


title: Islam in Korea

text: Trading relations between the Islamic world and the Korean peninsula continued with the succeeding kingdom of Goryeo through to the 15th century. As a result, a number of Muslim traders from the Near East and Central Asia settled down in Korea and established families there. Some Muslim Hui people from China also appear to have lived in the Goryeo kingdom.


title: Islam in Korea

text: With the Mongol armies came the so-called "Saengmokin" (Semu), this group consisted of Muslims from Central Asia. In the Mongol social order, the "Saengmokin" occupied a position just below the Mongols themselves, and exerted a great deal of influence within the Yuan dynasty. In the Yuan dynasty, Koreans were included along with Northern Chinese, Khitan and Jurchen in the third class, as "Han ren".


title: Islam in Korea

text: 2 Japanese families, a Vietnamese family, an Arab family, a Qochanese Uyghur family, 4 Manchuria originated families, 3 Mongol families, and 83 Chinese families migrated into Korea during Goryeo.


title: Islam in Korea

text: During the Yuan dynasty Korean women married Indian, Uyghur (Buddhist), and Turkic Semu men. A rich merchant from the Ma'bar Sultanate, Abu Ali (Paehari) 孛哈里 (or 布哈爾 Buhaer), was associated closely with the Ma'bar royal family. After falling out with them, he moved to Yuan China and received a Korean woman as his wife and a job from the Mongol Emperor, the woman was formerly 桑哥 Sangha's wife and her father was 蔡仁揆 채송년 Chae In'gyu during the reign of 忠烈 Chungnyeol of Goryeo, recorded in the "Dongguk Tonggam", "Goryeosa" and 留夢炎 Liu Mengyan's "中俺集 Zhong'anji". 桑哥 Sangha was a Tibetan.


title: Islam in Korea

text: Persians, Arabs, Central Asian Muslims and Uyghur Buddhists in the Mongol Yuan dynasty and Mongol empire's armies were sent by the Mongols to fill administrative and military posts in Goryeo era Korea. Central Asian Muslim conquering troops in the Mongol empire who participated in the conquest of Korea were stationed in Korea and Muslims also were appointed as officials in Korea by the Mongols. Korea also received Muslim merchants. In the reign of King Chungnyeol (reigned 1274-1308) a play written for the king's entertainment included a song about a Turkish store selling buns about a Korean woman buying a bun at old Turk's store and being erotically seduced by him. The same play mentions sex with an innkeeper, dragon and monk. Erotic sounding Korean syllables appear in the song. An Arab Muslim immigrant called Samga came to Korea under the Yuan dynasty as an official aide and married a Korean woman, was given the Korean name Jang Sunnyong by the Korean King Chungnyeol and his descendants became the Deoksu Jang clan who number 30,000 today. The Mongol Yuan dynasty was overthrown by the Red Turban rebellion a Central Asian (speculated to be Uyghur) called Seol Son moved to Korea, married a Korean woman and founded the Gyeongju Seol clan. Koreans learned how to distill soju alcohol from Muslims during Goryeo. Chinese and Koreans both referred to Central Asians as Huihui. Korea, like China also adopted Muslim calculations for calendars at that time. Central Asian Muslim presence in Korea during Goryeo and the early Joseon is confirmed by the fact that Joseon King Sejong issued an order concerning "HuiHui" in 1427 that indicated these Central Asian Muslims received stipends from the government during Goryeo and Joseon up to 1427, had their own mosque (ritual hall), their own headgear and clothes as well as culture. They personally addressed the king annually. However the privileges Central Asian Muslims had in Korea due to Mongol rule and the fact that they served as a reminder of Mongol rule of Korea disturbed King Sejong so he ordered that the huihui would be treated the same as all other Koreans and no longer given stipends.


title: Islam in Korea

text: It was during this period satirical poems were composed and one of them was the "Sanghwajeom", the "Colored-eye people bakery", the song tells the tale of a Korean woman who goes to a Muslim bakery to buy some dumplings.


title: Islam in Korea

text: Small-scale contact with predominantly Muslim peoples continued on and off. During the late Goryeo, there were mosques in the capital Kaesong, called "Yegung", whose literary meaning is a "ceremonial hall".


title: Islam in Korea

text: One of those Central Asian immigrants to Korea originally came to Korea as an aide to a Mongol princess who had been sent to marry King Chungnyeol of Goryeo. Goryeo documents say that his original name was "Samga" but, after he decided to make Korea his permanent home, the king bestowed on him the Korean name of Jang Sunnyong. Jang married a Korean and became the founding ancestor of the Deoksu Jang clan. His clan produced many high officials and respected Confucian scholars over the centuries. Twenty-five generations later, around 30,000 Koreans look back to Jang Sunnyong as the grandfather of their clan: the Jang clan, with its seat at Toksu village.


title: Islam in Korea

text: The same is true of the descendants of another Central Asian who settled down in Korea. A Central Asian named Seol Son fled to Korea when the Red Turban Rebellion erupted near the end of the Mongol's Yuan dynasty. He, too, married a Korean, originating a lineage called the Gyeongju Seol that claims at least 2,000 members in Korea.


title: Islam in Korea

text: Soju was first distilled around the 13th century, during the Mongol invasions of Korea. The Mongols had acquired the technique of distilling "Arak" from the Muslim World during their invasion of Central Asia and the Middle East around 1256, it was subsequently introduced to Koreans and distilleries were set up around the city of Kaesong. Indeed, in the area surrounding Kaesong, Soju is known as "Arak-ju" (hangul: 아락주).


title: Islam in Korea

text: There are many restrictions in Muslim community including dietary and clothing; drinking alcohol and eating pork is sinful in Muslim community due to Quran. However, Korea’s soju export to Islamic countries are increasing, especially Indonesia, a largest Muslim community country, increased 10.1% from 2017. While Islamic countries enforce their dietary rules, they allow alcohol imports for the non-Muslims and foreigners living in Indonesia are permitted to not follow the Islamic dietary laws.


title: Islam in Korea

text: In the early Joseon period, the Islamic calendar served as a basis for calendar reform owing to its superior accuracy over the existing Chinese-based calendars. A Korean translation of the "Huihui Lifa" "Muslim System of Calendrical Astronomy", a text combining Chinese astronomy with the zij works of Jamal al-Din, was studied during the time of Sejong the Great in the 15th century. The tradition of Chinese-Islamic astronomy survived in Korea up until the early 19th century.


title: Islam in Korea

text: In the year 1427, Sejong ordered a decree against the Huihui (Korean Muslim) community that had had special status and stipends since the Yuan dynasty. The Huihui were forced to abandon their headgear, to close down their "ceremonial hall" (Mosque in the city of Kaesong) and worship like everyone else. No further mention of Muslims exist during the era of the Joseon.


title: Islam in Korea

text: Islam was practically non-existent in Korea by the 16th century and was re-introduced in the 20th century. It is believed that many of the religious practices and teachings did not survive. However, in the 19th century, Korean settlers in Manchuria came into contact with Islam once again.


title: Islam in Korea

text: During the Korean War, Turkey sent a large number of troops to aid South Korea under the United Nations command called the Turkish Brigade. In addition to their contributions on the battlefield, the Turks also aided in humanitarian work, helping to operate war-time schools for war orphans. Shortly after the war, some Turks who were stationed in South Korea as UN peacekeepers began preaching Islam to Koreans. Early converts established the Korea Muslim Society(한국이슬람협회) in 1955, at which time the first South Korean mosque was erected at Imun-dong. The Korea Muslim Society grew large enough to become the Korea Muslim Federation in 1967.


title: Islam in Korea

text: The Pew Research Center estimated that there were 3,000 Muslims in North Korea in 2010, up from 1,000 in 1990. The Iranian embassy in Pyongyang hosts Ar-Rahman Mosque, the only mosque in the country.


title: Islam in Korea

text: In 1962, the government of Malaysia (then Malaya) offered a grant of 33,000 USD for a mosque to be built in Seoul. However, the plan was derailed due to inflation. The Seoul Central Mosque was finally built in Seoul's Itaewon neighborhood in 1976. Today there are also mosques in Busan, Anyang, Gyeonggi, Gwangju, Jeonju, Daegu, and Kaesong. According to Lee Hee-Soo (Yi Huisu), president of the Korea Islam Institute, there are about 10,000 listed Muslims (mostly foreign guest workers) in South Korea.


title: Islam in Korea

text: Seoul also hosts a hussainiya near Samgakji station for offering salah and memorializing the grandson of Muhammad, Husayn ibn Ali. Daegu also has a hussainiya.


title: Islam in Korea

text: The Korean Muslim Federation said that it would open the first Islamic primary school, Prince Sultan Bin Abdul Aziz Elementary School, in March 2009, with the objective of helping foreign Muslims in South Korea learn about their religion through an official school curriculum. Plans are underway to open a cultural center, secondary schools and even university. Abdullah Al-Aifan, Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Seoul, delivered $500,000 to KMF on behalf of the Saudi Arabian government.


title: Islam in Korea

text: The Korean Muslim Federation provides halal certificates to restaurants and businesses. Their halal certificate is recognized by the Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM), and there are a total of 14 KMF-halal approved restaurants in South Korea as of January 2018.


title: Islam in Korea

text: Before the formal establishment of an elementary school, a madrasa named Sultan Bin Abdul Aziz Madrasa functioned since the 1990s, where foreign Muslim children were given the opportunity to learn Arabic, Islamic culture, and English.


title: Islam in Korea

text: Many Muslims in Korea say their different lifestyle makes them stand out more than others in society. However, their biggest concern is the prejudice they feel after the September 11 attacks.


title: Islam in Korea

text: A 9-minute report was aired on ArirangTV, a Korean cable station for foreigners, on Imam Hak Apdu and Islam in Korea.


title: Islam in Korea

text: Migrant workers from Pakistan and Bangladesh make up a large fraction of the Muslim population. The number of Korean Muslims was reported by "The Korea Times" in 2002 as 45,000 while the Pew Research Center estimated that there were 75,000 South Korean Muslims in 2010, or one in every five hundred people in the country.


title: Islam in Korea

text: Among Muslim communities, there are two distinct groups: Traditional and immigrant Muslims. The "traditional" community of Muslims are usually Korean converts to Islam, while immigrants are people who migrated from Islamic countries to Korea for jobs, increasing the awareness of the religion and to escape hardship. Said migrants usually hail from regions such as the Middle East, Central Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. The immigration of non-Koreans had increased 9.2% compared to 2017, and the among the people, the highest age group that decides to migrate are between 20–29, followed up with age of 10–19.


title: Rayhana bint Zayd

text: Rayḥāna bint Zayd () was a Jewish woman from the Banu Nadir tribe, who is considered by some Muslims as being one of Muhammad's wives.


title: Rayhana bint Zayd

text: Rayhana was born into the Banu Nadir tribe, and became part of the Banu Qurayza tribe upon her marriage.


title: Rayhana bint Zayd

text: Ibn Sa'd wrote that Rayhana went on to be manumitted and subsequently married to Muhammad upon her conversion to Islam. Al-Tha'labi agreed that she became one of Muhammad's wives and cited evidence that he paid a mahr for her. Ibn Hajar makes reference to Muhammad giving Rayhana a home upon their marriage. Antonie Wessels suggested that Muhammad married Rayhana for political reasons due to her dual affiliation with both the Banu Nadir and Banu Qurayza tribes, while Lesley Hazleton felt it was evidence of Muhammad creating alliances. Conversely, Barakat Ahmad felt such rationale to support the notion of Rayhana and Muhammad's marriage was "meaningless" due to the annihilation of both tribes by Muhammad's forces.


title: Rayhana bint Zayd

text: Similar to Maria al-Qibtiyya, there is not universal consensus among Islamic scholars as to whether Rayhana was officially one of Muhammad's wives. Hafiz ibn Minda and Shibli Nomani, for example, believed that she returned to the Banu Nadir upon her manumission.


title: Rayhana bint Zayd

text: Rayhana died in 631, 11 days after "hajj", and was buried at the Al-Baqi Cemetery in Medina along with other wives of Muhammad.


title: Danny Mills

text: Daniel John Mills (born 18 May 1977) is an English former professional footballer best known for his time at Leeds United. His main position was right-back, though he could also play as a centre-back. On 7 August 2009, he announced his retirement from the game at the age of 32 due to an ongoing knee injury.


title: Danny Mills

text: Mills began his career with Norwich City after coming through their youth system. He was unable to establish a regular place in the side and moved to Charlton Athletic in March 1998 and helped them win promotion to the Premier League via the play-offs, playing in their dramatic win over Sunderland in the play-off final, winning 7–6 on penalties after a 4–4 draw.


title: Danny Mills

text: In June 1999, Mills signed for Leeds United in a £4.1 million transfer. He played a part in helping Leeds reach the 2000-01 UEFA Champions League Semi-final. Mills' Champions League debut came in Leeds' 4–0 defeat by Barcelona at the Nou Camp.


title: Danny Mills

text: Mills spent the 2003–04 season on loan at Middlesbrough, where he played in the 2004 Football League Cup Final to help Middlesbrough to their first ever major trophy.


title: Danny Mills

text: Following relegation from the Premier League at the end of 2003–04, Leeds could no longer afford to retain Mills' services, and he moved to Manchester City on a free transfer in the close season, signing a five-year contract. As part of his severance package with Leeds, Mills continued to receive part of his wages from the Yorkshire club for the duration of his original Leeds contract. Mills often said that he would've liked to go back to Leeds again (along with Olivier Dacourt), but this never materialised. Mills has been seen at Leeds games with his son after the club's relegation to the Football League Championship.


title: Danny Mills

text: Mills made his Manchester City debut in the opening fixture of the 2004–05 season, a 1–1 draw against Fulham at the City of Manchester Stadium. He started the majority of matches in his first season at Manchester City, but was dropped from the first team when Stuart Pearce replaced Kevin Keegan as manager in March 2005. He regained his place for the start of the 2005–06 season, and on 2 October 2005, he scored his first and only goal for Manchester City, a powerful shot from against Everton. One month later, he sustained a shin injury which resulted in a fifteen-game absence. The injury coincided with the emergence of Micah Richards who deposed him as first choice right-back; after Richards made his debut, Mills made only five further first team appearances in the remainder of the season.


title: Danny Mills

text: On 14 September 2006 he joined Hull City in a two-month loan deal. He returned to Manchester City in January and was on the verge of being sent on loan to Hull City again or Leeds United, but a decision was made to keep him at City. Following the appointment of Sven-Göran Eriksson as Manchester City manager, Mills was transfer listed for loan. He re-joined former club Charlton on a loan deal until the end of 2007.


title: Danny Mills

text: He joined Premier League strugglers Derby County on loan, in January 2008 until 2 May. However, he was injured in only his second game for the "Rams", returning to City shortly after. On 1 July 2009, he was released by Manchester City after his contract finally expired. On 7 August 2009 Mills announced his retirement from all football during an appearance on BBC Five Live.


title: Danny Mills

text: Following a series of impressive performances for Leeds United, Mills received his first England callup in 2001, making his international debut on 25 May 2001, as a substitute in a friendly against Mexico at Pride Park. His first England start came on 27 March 2002 in a friendly against Italy. At the 2002 FIFA World Cup, Mills was chosen as England's first choice right-back following an injury to Gary Neville, and he played every minute of England's five matches.


title: Danny Mills

text: Mills is a patron of Shine (formerly the Association for Spina Bifida And Hydrocephalus), and has raised money for the charity since the death of his son Archie from the condition in 2002. He has also appeared on BBC Five Live's Fighting Talk. Mills now acts as a regular pundit and commentator (often alongside Alan Green) for BBC Radio Five Live's coverage of the Premier League, League Cup, FA Cup, UEFA Champions League and England national football team matches.


title: Danny Mills

text: In 2010, he competed in the Brighton Marathon in a wheelchair to raise money for Shine and the National Association of Disabled Supporters, completing the race in two hours, 43 minutes.


title: Danny Mills

text: Mills was a runner up, along with Michael Underwood, on the 2012 series of Celebrity MasterChef. He was beaten by Emma Kennedy in a closely contested final.


title: Danny Mills

text: In 2016, he ran the London Marathon for The Bobby Moore Fund, finishing in a time of 3hours 14mins 46secs... he had previously run the Yorkshire Marathon for the Jane Tomlinson Appeal in 3hours 17mins.


title: Danny Mills

text: His son George Mills won the 1500 metres British title in athletics. His younger son Stanley is a professional footballer for Everton.


title: Tula Arms Plant

text: Imperial Tula Arms Plant () is a Russian weapons manufacturer founded by Tsar Peter I of Russia in 1712 in Tula, Tula Oblast as Tula Arsenal. Throughout its history, it has produced weapons for the Russian state. Its name was changed from Tula Arsenal to Tula Arms Plant during the Soviet era.


title: Tula Arms Plant

text: Historically, the plant produced a wide variety of sports weapons and arms for the Imperial Russian Army.


title: Tula Arms Plant

text: In the 18th century, Tula Arms Plant was recognized as setting the standard for Russian Arms Production.


title: Tula Arms Plant

text: Reconstructed in the 19th century Tula Arms Factory became one of the most prominent arms factories in Europe.


title: Tula Arms Plant

text: In 1927 planning and design office was established in order to improve the work of all of the plant's designers, the result of which was the development of aircraft machine guns - PV-1 and ShKAS. Between 1927 and 1938 the plant built the country's first spinning machines.


title: Tula Arms Plant

text: During World War II, Axis countries invaded USSR as part of Operation Barbarossa. By December 5, 1941, the German 2nd Panzer Division had advanced to within a few kilometers of Tula, forcing the Soviets to evacuate Tula Arms Plant. As a result, far fewer weapons were produced there than at other Soviet factories such as Izhevsk Mechanical Plant.


title: Tula Arms Plant

text: In 1941-1945, working under the slogan "Everything for the front, everything for victory", Tula gunsmiths produced Mosin–Nagant 91/30 rifles, SVT-40 self-loading rifles, ShVAK aircraft guns, Nagant revolvers and Tokarev pistols.


title: Tula Arms Plant

text: Tula was strategically important to the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Significant ore deposits were situated relatively close to it and it had access to ample transportation routes like the Upa River and many rail lines coming in and out of the city.


title: Tula Arms Plant

text: In 1965 constructors N. I. Korovyakov and V.P. Ochneva created a reliable double-barreled over-and-under shotgun TOZ-34.


title: Tula Arms Plant

text: During 1960s–1980s, the plant received an order for production of the world-famous Kalashnikov assault rifles (six variants), anti-tank guided missiles - 9M14 Malyutka, 9M133 Kornet, 9M113 Konkurs and the Bonfire underslung grenade launcher.


title: Tula Arms Plant

text: During the early to mid-Soviet era, Tula Arms Plant produced a variety military rifles, including the Mosin–Nagant, SVT-40, SKS, and AKM. It also produced the Nagant M1895 revolver.


title: Tula Arms Plant

text: From the late 1970s to the early 1980s, the factory produced the AK-74, and went on to manufacture the VSS Vintorez, AS Val, OTs-14 Groza, and TOZ rifle weapons designed by TsNIITochMash. The plant also produces large quantities of small arms ammunition for the military as well as for commercial sale.


title: Tula Arms Plant

text: The factory has also manufactured a number of pistols over the years such as the Korovin pistol, TT pistol, Stechkin automatic pistol, SPP-1 underwater pistol, and MSP Groza silent pistol.


title: The Good, the Bart, and the Loki

text: The Good, the Bart, and the Loki (also known as The Simpsons: The Good, the Bart, and the Loki) is an American animated short film based on the television series "The Simpsons" produced by Gracie Films and 20th Television Animation for Disney+. It is the fourth short film in "The Simpsons" franchise, and the second promotional short, after "The Force Awakens from Its Nap" (2021), that ties in with Disney+'s brands and titles. "The Good, the Bart, and the Loki" is directed by David Silverman and celebrates the Marvel Cinematic Universe, particularly its television series "Loki", with Tom Hiddleston reprising his role as Loki. The short was released on July 7, 2021, on Disney+, alongside the fifth episode of "Loki".


title: The Good, the Bart, and the Loki

text: Odin banishes Loki to Springfield, where he lands at the Simpsons' home. Bart Simpson welcomes him inside, and while at dinner, Loki banishes Lisa to Asgard. There, Lisa comes across Mjolnir, granting her the powers of Thor. Lisa returns to Springfield with the "Springfield Avengers" (other citizens dressed as various Marvel Cinematic Universe characters) to exile Loki, who has since switched guises with Bart, resulting in Bart being exiled. Later that night while in Bart's room, Loki is happy to finally be part of a functional family.


title: The Good, the Bart, and the Loki

text: In a mid-credits scene, Loki disguised as Moe Szyslak gives patrons at Moe's Tavern free drinks. In two post-credits scenes, Ralph Wiggum as the Hulk smashes Loki similarly to a scene from "The Avengers" (2012), and Loki stands before Ravonna Renslayer at the Time Variance Authority, where she finds him guilty of his various crimes, such as crossing over to the "Simpsons" universe.


title: The Good, the Bart, and the Loki

text: When "The Simpsons" was added to Disney+, co-creator and executive producer James L. Brooks had suggested the creation of a series of short films in which the Simpsons would "invade the rest of Disney+" as a way to promote "The Simpsons" and reach viewers who may not have been familiar with the series. By April 2021, which was the end of production on the first short, "The Force Awakens from Its Nap", executive producer Al Jean felt the then-upcoming Marvel Studios series "Loki" would be a good candidate for the next crossover short and was hopeful to get Tom Hiddleston to reprise his role as Loki. In June 2021, "The Good, the Bart, and the Loki" was announced, with Hiddleston attached. The short's title is a parody of the Sergio Leone film "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly" (1966), and was directed by David Silverman.