text: Bahujan Samaj Party which is ruling in Uttar Pradesh has decided to field candidates for all 234 seats and will be contesting alone . The party announced its candidate list on 18 March. Puratchi Bharatham led by MLA JeganMurthy which was part of DMK alliance from 2004 left the alliance due to seat sharing issue. It contested 40 seats on its own. Social Democratic Party of India has also plunged into the Tamil Nadu election fray with a view to garnering Muslim votes. They are concentrating on Coimbatore, Ramanathapuram and some parts of Chennai. Ahila Indiya Parampariya Meenavar Sangam decided to contest in 27 constituencies that constitute a major population of fishermen. The decision was made in a meeting of fishermen's unions from across Tamil Nadu held in Pattinapakkam headed by its general secretary Rubeshkumar. Arundhathiar (a section of dalits) outfit headed by R Adhiyaman has fielded candidates in 20 segments in western Tamil Nadu .


title: 2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election

text: DMDK launched a vigorous campaign to defeat DMK; It made a resolution to call all parties to come together to defeat the ruling DMK in a conference held in Salem on 8 January presided over by its leader Vijayakanth.


text: AIADMK general secretary Jayalalithaa campaigned supporting the candidates of her alliance across the entire state from 24 March until on 11 April. She promised to provide the people of Tamil Nadu with golden reign, if they voted out the ruling party. From the Tamil film industry, film directors R. V. Udayakumar and S. A. Chandrasekhar and actors Vijay, Senthil, Gundu Kalyanam, Ponnambalam, C. R. Saraswathi, Radha Ravi and Anandaraj campaigned for the AIADMK front. Communist Party of India (Marxist) general secretary Prakash Karat characterised the DMK's rule as a dark chapter in the history of Tamil Nadu and the 2G spectrum case had shamed its people. Communist Party of India general secretary A. B. Bardhan exhorted Jayalalithaa to lead the battle to unseat the corrupt regime at the centre after its victory in Tamil Nadu.


text: S. Ramadoss, leader of Pattali Makkal Katchi expressed his dissatisfaction with people from film industry ruling Tamil Nadu since 1967. He also urged voters not to vote for Vijayakanth with long career as a Tamil actor. Expressing dissatisfaction that he could not be elected to Chief Ministership, Ramadoss complained – in a meeting held in Mayilam – that Vanniars with a total population of 25 million in Tamil Nadu never elected one of their own for Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.


text: Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam (KMK), a political party in the western districts of Tamil Nadu, complained about the neglect of Kongu region by the successive governments in a conference held at Karur. Er. Eswaran, general secretary of KMK, urged the government to focus more on infrastructure development in the Kongu region. Comedy actor Vadivelu campaigned for the DMK Front. Telugu actor and politician Chiranjeevi who had recently merged his party Praja Rajyam with Congress in Andhra Pradesh also campaigned for the DMK front. Actor turned Union Minister Napoleon, director K. Bhagyaraj, and actors Khushbu and Vaagai Chadrasekar campaigned for DMK . Congress President Sonia Gandhi shared the stage with Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M Karunanidhi in an election rally highlighting the strides made by the state under the latter's leadership. Addressing a rally near Marina beach in Chennai, Gandhi said Tamil Nadu had become a front-ranking state whose ideas of development and welfare were copied by the rest. All India Congress Committee general secretary Rahul Gandhi appealed to the people of Tamil Nadu to support the Democratic Progressive Alliance to further the development and socialistic agenda of the State for the next five years. Addressing an election rally which was presided over by Union Home Minister P. Chidambaram, he said that Tamil Nadu was one of the most progressive States in the country. It had achieved an important place in industrial, textile, automobile sectors and information technology; A number of social welfare schemes were being implemented. It was leading in health care and higher education in the country.


text: AIADMK general secretary J. Jayalalithaa released election manifesto for the election that mentioned it would give:


text: DMK president M. Karunanidhi released election manifesto for the election that mentioned it would give:


text: The election commission was commended for conducting the election in a strict and fair manner. It enforced stringent measures to curb use of money power to bribe voters by paying them cash. It also strictly enforced 10 PM curfew on campaigning. DMK chief M Karunanidhi and his ally PMK founder S Ramadoss accused the EC of bringing about an emergency like situation in the State while such a situation was not prevalent in the other poll-bound States. CEC has said the people were happy about the conduct of elections, the CEC displayed an SMS from Chennai which read "earlier EC just announced elections. Only now they are conducting them. This is just one sample of people’s response".


text: Most non-partisan pre-polls found AIADMK+ winning comfortably in this election. The pre-polls indicated a great deal of anger towards the incumbent government, due to corruption allegations and recent food price rises. Also AIADMK was aided by including DMDK and its leader Vijaykanth, which has had on average a 10% vote share in recent elections in Tamil Nadu.


text: Since exit polls are banned by ECI, Headlines Today-ORG Poll, conducted a post-poll survey, where they polled voters after they voted in their houses. Post polls conducted by Headlines Today-ORG Poll, found this election to be a toss-up, with DMK gaining a lot of ground in the last few weeks before the election. The exit poll particularly noted a late swing towards the incumbent in the rural communities of Tamil Nadu, which allowed the DMK and its alliance to increase its overall vote share percentage from 45% in the pre-poll survey to 50% post-poll. A couple of weeks after the Headlines today post poll, a few post polls showed the exact opposite result, with CNN-IBN and Asianet post poll giving AIADMK+, the majority of the same margin.


text: Poll notification was issued on 19 March. The last date of filing nominations was 26 March and candidates were allowed to withdraw their nominations until 30 March. The state election commission scrutinised the nominations on 28 March. Election was held in a single phase on 13 April 2011. 77.8% of the electorate voted in the election, the highest ever in the history of all elections conducted in Tamil Nadu surpassing 76.57% polled in 1967 election. Karur district registered highest turnout of 86.4% followed by Ariyalur district of 84.1%. Chennai district and Kanyakumari district polled the lowest number of votes, 68.2% and 69% respectively.


text: M. Karunanidhi submitted his resignation to Governor Surjit Singh Barnala, thus paving way for Jayalalithaa to swear-in on 16 May. After the election, Jayalalithaa thanked her supporters and said "this is not a victory for me, but a victory for the state and the country". She further stated that she wants to "rebuild the state, from the havoc created by the previous government" and insisted that she does not plan to share power with her allies. DMDK leader, Vijaykanth, after being the second largest party in the new assembly and an important ally of AIADMK, stated that this is a "victory for the people and an end to family rule". TDP leader and former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Chandrababu Naidu, called and congratulated Jayalalithaa on her "victory over corruption". After the loss, Congress leader Jayanthi Natarajan, conceded defeat and wished the best for incoming CM, Jayalalithaa. While she admitted that 2G spectrum case played a huge role in their defeat, she further re-iterated that they have done everything they can to be transparent and that action has been taken against individuals responsible for the corruption. Union Minister, P. Chidambaram admitted that this was a huge loss for Congress in Tamil Nadu but does not believe this will affect the UPA government at the center, because this was a loss of an alliance led by DMK and not INC. M. Karunanidhi after the loss stated, "People have given me proper rest" and went on to congratulate the people of the state (on the election outcome).


text: Pre-polls and post-polls released before the counting showed a mixed picture and a close race and failed to predict the landslide victory for the AIADMK alliance. Including this election, no incumbent party has ever won a re-election in Tamil Nadu since M.G.R's victory in 1984 election. The results were consistent with the anti-incumbency factor that is common in Tamil Nadu politics. Closer look at the results show that AIADMK swept through the state winning by big margins. AIADMK and its allies won all the seats in 12 out of the 32 districts, with margins greater than 10% over its rival DMK and its allies. Out of those 12 districts, AIADMK+ won by margins greater than 15% in seven of them. In Chennai District, which once used to be a DMK bastion, AIADMK+ won 14 out of 16 constituencies with a margin of 13.1% over DMK+. In northern Tamil Nadu which is considered to be DMK's traditional bastion, DMK and its allies just won 4 out of 62 constituencies. DMK members blamed that the alliance with caste based Pattali Makkal Katchi and Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi didn't go well with other castes and caused their downfall. Analysts felt that the strife between Vanniyars and Dalits could have played a role in DMK+ debacle in northern region. AIADMK's best district was the newly created Tiruppur, where they beat the DMK and its allies by a margin of 29.4%. This is consistent with the continued support for AIADMK in this region, since the former Coimbatore district was AIADMK's best performance in 2006 election. AIADMK+, did extremely well in its traditional stronghold in western Tamil Nadu. DMK, weak in this region, relied on its ally, Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam, who had a disappointing performance in this region losing by margins greater than 20% to AIADMK+. The western region was already affected with major issues like power cuts, agricultural crisis and industrial pollution and the DMK members after the election admitted that family rule could be one of the reasons for their downfall. DMK leaders after the election blamed the alienation of Dalits and other castes by KNMK due to the fact it is viewed as a party of Gounders. DMK+, on the hand, only did better than its opponent in four districts: Nilgiris, Kanniyakumari, Thiruvarur and Perambalur, all traditional DMK strongholds. The only region, DMK+ was able to be competitive is in the Cauvery delta region, which has long been a DMK stronghold. DMK's best district was Nilgiris, which includes A. Raja's former MP constituency. DMK+ did poorly in the Madurai district, where they found a lot of success in recent years (2006 by-election & 2009 LS election), due to Azhagiri's vigorous campaigning. They were not able to win a single seat in this district, and lost by a margin of 20.9% to AIADMK-CPI(M)-DMDK combine.


text: Post-poll data released by CNN-IBN, showed that DMK+ did the worst amongst the poor, especially in rural areas. Major issue cited by them as a reason for voting against the DMK is supply of electricity. Before the election, DMK was hoping that freebies and welfare schemes implemented by their administration would help them gain support from rural voters, who were an important electorate for the DMK to grab power in the previous election. This failed to take place, since many rural voters were unhappy with the distribution of these freebies in a disproportionate manner and lack of policies targeting towards income generation schemes in rural areas. This coupled with the recent food price rises resulted in a decline in rural support for the DMK. While spiraling prices, power cut, and DMK's family politics were important factors, many analysts agree that it was the corruption charges (2G spectrum scandal), that eventually led them to their ultimate defeat. This election saw one of the worst performance of Congress in Tamil Nadu, winning only 5 seats out of 63 seats it contested. During the campaign, they were marred with in-fighting between state Congress leader K.V. Thangkabalu and other Congress members, which added to their declining support in the state. In both Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry, Congress did poorly reflecting widespread anger and disapproval.


text: J. Jayalalithaa was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for the fourth time on 16 May 2011. She submitted her unanimous election as the general secretary of AIADMK legislature party to Governor Surjit Singh Barnala on 15 May 2011. She was sworn in along with 33 other ministers at the Madras University centenary auditorium on 16 May 2011 by the Governor, the same venue she took oath in 1991 when she first became chief minister. She and all other ministers took oath in Tamil. The ceremony was attended by Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi, former Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu and Communist Party of India (CPI) general secretary A. B. Bardhan among others.


title: Corona (band)

text: Corona is an Italian Eurodance project. Initially as a band originally formed by the Brazilian-born singer and model Olga Maria de Souza and the producer Francesco "Checco" Bontempi (a.k.a. Lee Marrow), it found commercial success with the worldwide hits "The Rhythm of the Night" (1993) and "Baby Baby" (1995). After the second album Bontempi left the band and was replaced by Francesco Conte and Paolo Dughero.


title: Corona (band)

text: Corona's first single, "The Rhythm of the Night", was released in Italy in November 1993 on Roberto Zanetti's DWA record label and became an instant hit. It featured the voice of the Italian singer Giovanna Bersola, better known by her stage name Jenny B. It stayed at number 1 on the Italian music chart for eight consecutive weeks, but was not released elsewhere until the following year. A remixed version of the song became a number 2 hit in the United Kingdom in September 1994. Like several early 1990s Eurodance/Hi-NRG songs that eventually became American hits, "The Rhythm of the Night" did not become popular in the United States until well after its success had peaked in Europe. However, by spring 1995, the song was all over American radio and clubs, eventually reaching #11 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. It was later released as a track in the 1995 studio album "The Rhythm of the Night". Lead vocals for the remaining songs in the album were by the Welsh singer Sandy Chambers who also sang on the group's second album, "Walking On Music".


title: Corona (band)

text: Corona followed up with the 1995 singles "Baby Baby" and "Try Me Out", with similar success. The single "I Don't Wanna Be a Star" was a moderate hit. A fifth single, "Do You Want Me", became a regional hit in discotheques in the Eastern U.S. "The Rhythm of the Night" album sold modestly, peaking at #2 on the US Top Heatseekers chart and at #154 on the "Billboard" 200.


title: Corona (band)

text: In 1996, after the demise of Discomagic Records, DWA Records reorganized its staff due to internal conflicts. As a result, the production of Corona was moved from DWA Records to Bontempi's own label (World Of Music, which was also a sublabel of Discomagic).


title: Corona (band)

text: The third album, "And Me U", was released in 2001 by Brazil's Abril Music, under the name Corona X. This time the vocals were by new vocalists, the sisters Bernadette "Brandy" Jones and Bambi Jones' (who died of cancer in 2010). Again, de Souza was just the face but still not the voice, as many people thought. Although Bontempi co-wrote some of the material in the album, he did not participate in the production and left the band. In 2004, as a tribute to de Souza's native Brazil, Corona sang "A cor dos teus olhos" ("The Colour of Your Eyes") which was distributed by 5000. De Souza described the song like an imprint of her childhood memory. It was an immediate hit. The same year "Garota Brasileira", a song with spicy samba sounds, became a hit in Japan.


title: Corona (band)

text: Towards the end of 2005, Souza finally sang on the records for the first time and re-emerged onto the European music scene with "Back in Time", peaking at #36 in the Italian charts. It was followed by "I’ll Be Your Lady" (2006), the first song co-authored by de Souza.


title: Corona (band)

text: Corona's album "Y Generation" (2010), reached #1 on the Italian iTunes dance album chart. The first single was "Angel"”, followed by "Saturday" and "My Song". Corona's last single, "Super Model" reached #44 on the Italian Singles Chart and was later included in a re-edition of the album called "Y Generation Remixed".


title: Deck the Halls

text: "Deck the Halls" (originally titled "Deck the Hall") is a traditional Christmas carol. The melody is Welsh, dating back to the sixteenth century, and belongs to a winter carol, "Nos Galan", while the English lyrics, written by the Scottish musician Thomas Oliphant, date to 1862.


title: Deck the Halls

text: The English-language lyrics were written by the Scottish musician Thomas Oliphant. They first appeared in 1862, in volume 2 of "Welsh Melodies", a set of four volumes authored by John Thomas, including Welsh words by John Jones (Talhaiarn) and English words by Oliphant. The original English lyrics, as published in 1862, run as follows (later variants are discussed below):


title: Deck the Halls

text: The phrase "'Tis the season", from the lyrics, has become synonymous with the Christmas and holiday season, 'tis being an archaic contraction of "it is".


title: Deck the Halls

text: A variation of the lyrics appears in the December 1877 issue of the "Pennsylvania School Journal". This version, in which there is no longer any reference to drinking, runs as follows:


title: Deck the Halls

text: Other common alterations replace the word "Christmas" with "Yule" or "Yuletide". For example, "Christmas carol" may be changed to "Yuletide carol" and "Christmas treasure" to "Yuletide treasure". Yule is used in modern times as another word for Christmas and the Christmas season, though the word has origins in an ancient Germanic midwinter festival.


title: Deck the Halls

text: In the original 1862 publication, Oliphant's English lyrics were published alongside Talhaiarn's Welsh lyrics. Although some early sources state that Oliphant's words were a "translation" of Talhaiarn's Welsh original, this is not the case in any strict or literal sense. The first verse in Welsh, together with a literal English translation taken from Campbell's "Treatise on the language, poetry, and music of the Highland Clans" (1862), is given for comparison:


title: Deck the Halls

text: The melody of "Deck the Hall" is taken from "Nos Galan" ("New Year's Eve"), a traditional Welsh New Year's Eve carol published in 1794, although it is much older. In 1912, Ruth Herbert Lewis made a wax cylinder recording of a Welshman named Benjamin Davies singing a song, "Can y Coach faier", which uses the old melody now associated with "Deck the Halls". The recording can be heard on the British Library Sound Archive website.


title: Deck the Halls

text: The Pennsylvania version from 1877 omits the third "Fa la la" line (which corresponds to the instrumental flourish in the Welsh original).


title: Deck the Halls

text: The third and fourth "Fa la la" lines sung to the words "Deck the Hall" differ from those sung or played in Wales, the fourth having a more arpeggiated melody in the Welsh version and the third differing in both melody and rhythm.


title: Deck the Halls

text: The tune is that of an old Welsh air, first found in a musical manuscript by Welsh harpist John Parry dating back to the 1700s. Poet John Ceiriog Hughes later wrote his own lyrics. A middle verse was later added by folk singers. In the eighteenth century the tune spread widely, with Mozart allegedly using it in his 18th violin sonata (1778) and later Haydn arranged it in under the Welsh title, "Nos galan" (Hob. XXXIb: 29, 1803).


title: Deck the Halls

text: The Welsh and English lyrics found in the earliest publication of the "Nos Galan" melody are as follows:


title: Ahn Nae-sang

text: Ahn Nae-sang (born December 25, 1964) is a South Korean actor. He began his career on the stage, and in 1994 made his film debut in the Bong Joon-ho short film "Baeksekin" ("White Man" or "White-collar worker"), followed by Jang Sun-woo's "Bad Movie" in 1997. He has since starred in numerous films, with supporting roles in Lee Chang-dong's "Oasis" and "Poetry", and a leading role in "Hoichori" ("Cane"). He also appears in television series, notably "Conspiracy in the Court", "First Wives' Club", "Three Brothers", "", and "The Light in Your Eyes".


title: Tract housing

text: Tract housing is a type of housing development in which multiple similar houses are built on a tract (area) of land that is subdivided into smaller lots. Tract housing developments are found in suburb developments that were modeled on the "Levittown" concept and sometimes encompass large areas of dozens of square miles.


title: Tract housing

text: Tract housing came about in the 1940s when the demand for cheap housing skyrocketed. Economies of scale meant that large numbers of identical houses could be built faster and more cheaply to fulfill the growing demand. Developers would purchase a dozen or more adjacent lots and conduct the building construction as an assembly-line process.


title: Tract housing

text: Tract housing development makes use of few architectural designs, and labor costs are reduced because workers need to learn the skills and movements of constructing only those designs rather than repeat the learning curve. In addition, as all houses in the development will be built at the same time, the cost of purchasing and transporting building supplies may be reduced due to economies of scale. Components such as roof trusses, plumbing, and stair systems are often prefabricated in factories and installed on-site. This allows builders to offer lower prices, which in turn can make houses affordable to a larger percentage of the population. Early tract houses were often identical, but many tracts since the late 20th century have several designs and other variations in footprint, roof form, and materials, along with options such as garage bays, for a more diverse appearance.


title: Tract housing

text: The concept of tract housing is occasionally mocked in North American popular culture as the basis of suburbia; notable examples are the songs "Little Boxes" by Malvina Reynolds, "Suburbia" by the Pet Shop Boys and "Subdivisions" by Rush. It is also often criticized by city planners and architects, as its construction tends to overlook required elements of successful community building, instead creating a homogeneous residential neighborhood with no local employment, commerce, services, or attractions within close commuting distance. This leads to a heavy reliance on automobile travel, as residents are unable to address any of these needs locally.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The 2017 Major League Baseball season began on April 2 with three games, including the 2016 World Series champions Chicago Cubs facing off against the St. Louis Cardinals, the regular season ended in late September. The postseason began on October 3. The World Series began October 24 and Game 7 was played on November 1, in which the Houston Astros defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games, to capture their first World Series championship in franchise history.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The 88th Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 11 at Marlins Park, the home of the Miami Marlins. For the first time since 2002 when the game ended in a tie, the All Star Game did not determine home field advantage for the World Series. Instead, home field advantage was awarded to the team with the better regular season record. The American League won 2–1 in 10 innings.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: After the 2019 season, Mike Fiers alleged that the 2017 Astros used technology to illicitly steal their opponents' signs and relay it to their hitters. The Astros used this method throughout the 2017 season, and part of the 2018 season. MLB and the Astros opened an investigation into this sign stealing allegation. MLB found the Astros used technology to cheat during their 2017 season and suspended Hinch and Astros' general manager Jeff Luhnow for one year; the Astros fired Luhnow and Hinch the same day. Alex Cora, who was the Astros bench coach in 2017 and the Red Sox manager from 2018 to 2019, parted ways with the Red Sox after the scandal broke.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: As has been the case since 2013, all teams played their four division opponents 19 times each for a total of 76 games. They played six or seven games against each of the other ten same-league opponents for a total of 66 games, and 20 inter-league games. The primary inter-league match-ups were AL East vs. NL Central, AL Central vs. NL West, and AL West vs. NL East. Teams also played four games against a designated interleague rival.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: On March 9, it was announced that the Pittsburgh Pirates and St. Louis Cardinals would play a game at the minor league BB&T Ballpark in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, on August 20. The game coincided with the Little League World Series, held annually in nearby South Williamsport, and was exclusively attended by Little League players and their families.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: As a consequence of Hurricane Harvey damaging the Houston area, the three-game Lone Star Series between the Texas Rangers and Houston Astros from August 29 to 31 was moved from Minute Maid Park to Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, Florida. Although the Astros were the designated home team, they wore their away uniforms during the series while the Rangers wore their home uniforms. The Astros returned to Minute Maid Park for a three-game series with the New York Mets, beginning with a split doubleheader on September 2.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Tampa Bay Rays' three-game set with the New York Yankees from September 11 to 13 was moved from Tropicana Field to Queens' Citi Field due to Hurricane Irma's impending landfall on the Tampa Bay Area.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: Irma's damage to South Florida also forced the Miami Marlins' three-game set with the Milwaukee Brewers from September 15 to 17 to move from Marlins Park to the Brewers' home field at Miller Park, with the Marlins as the designated home team. Similar to the Rangers–Astros series in Tampa Bay, the Marlins wore their away uniforms as the 'home' team, while the Brewers wore their home uniforms as the 'away' team.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: In March 2017, Major League Baseball and the Major League Baseball Players Association agreed to seven rule changes.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: For the 2017 season, the TrackMan component of Major League Baseball's Statcast platform has replaced the previous PITCHf/x system for official measurements of pitch speed. The new system uses a doppler radar to calculate pitch speed based on maximum velocity (typically from the release of the pitch), rather than the speed measured from home plate. The change in data source has led to discrepancies in pitch speed reports between those reported in 2016 and 2017, with some pitches registering slightly higher speeds than with the previous system.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Arizona Diamondbacks tweaked their uniform set that was unveiled last season. The pant stripes now reach to the hip, while the gradient below was removed. The road uniform lettering is also changed to improve visibility.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The San Diego Padres unveiled new home and road uniforms, with noticeable changes such as the team name and the removal of yellow on the home uniforms, the bowtie-shaped lettering in the city name on the road uniforms, and the interlocking "SD" on both uniforms.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Kansas City Royals unveiled an updated version of their gold-trimmed white uniform, featuring gold numbers and blue lettering. It was paired with a blue cap featuring the gold 'KC' lettering, and was worn on Friday home games.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Washington Nationals unveiled a white alternate uniform featuring the 'curly W' logo in a Stars and Stripes design. It was paired with two caps featuring the 'curly W' Stars and Stripes design: a navy cap with red brim, and a red cap with navy brim. The uniforms were worn during patriotic-themed and weekend day games.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: Coinciding with Canada's 150th anniversary, the Toronto Blue Jays unveiled a red alternate uniform featuring a monochrome red rendition of the team's logo, complete with red belts, socks and cleats, and a red cap featuring the maple leaf logo. It was worn on Sunday home games and select other games in the month of July. They also promoted their white-paneled home caps to alternate status after wearing them once the past two seasons.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Cleveland Indians retired their cream alternate uniforms. The red caps that were formerly paired with the cream uniforms will now be worn with the navy alternates at select home games.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Cincinnati Reds changed their caps on Military Appreciation nights from camo to olive, with a white horseshoe "C".


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Pittsburgh Pirates changed their caps on Thursday home games to mustard, while still wearing their camo jerseys.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The New York Mets changed the brim of their home alternate caps from orange to blue, while the Mr. Met patch on both alternate uniforms were replaced with the primary Mets logo.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: All spring training uniforms in 2017 featured a pattern on the names and numbers. The pattern was the same for all 30 teams. In addition, seven teams unveiled new caps to be worn for spring training. The New York Yankees introduced a home cap with a pinstripe visor and a road cap with a grey crown and a navy visor. The Seattle Mariners replaced their compass logo with their original 'M'-shaped trident updated in current team colors. The Chicago Cubs added an alternate cap featuring an "angry cub" logo. The Atlanta Braves added a solid navy cap with a tomahawk. Tampa Bay Rays added a powder blue cap with a white front panel, featuring their starburst logo. Cleveland Indians changed the front panel of their cap from white to red. The New York Mets replaced the "Mr. Met" logo with their "NY" logo.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Cubs wore gold-trimmed numbers and letters on the backs of their shirts April 10 and 12 to mark their winning the 2016 World Series title.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: Players, managers, coaches and umpires wore #42 on April 15, the 70th anniversary of Jackie Robinson's debut in the majors.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: On April 17 (Patriots' Day), the Boston Red Sox wore home white jerseys with "BOSTON" written on the front to mark the four-year anniversary of the Boston Marathon bombings. The uniform also sported the 2013 navy-blue circular patch with a white border on the left shoulder saying "B Strong" (with the red B in the classic font featured on the Red Sox's caps).


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Padres wore camouflage uniforms on April 23, Air Force Appreciation Day. They wore them again on June 25, Naval Appreciation Day.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Reds and Giants wore Spanish language "Los Rojos" and "Gigantes" uniforms May 5, Cinco de Mayo. The Reds wore them again on September 22. The Reds' "Los Rojos" uniforms have "Los Rojos" in the style of the Reds' script wordmark, and do not have the player's number or the "C" on them.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Reds wore camo uniforms May 20, June 6 (the 73rd anniversary of D-Day), August 4 and September 19. The uniforms had the "Reds" script wordmark on their front, instead of the player's number and their "C" logo.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Orioles wore a uniform with the Flag of Maryland May 20. Their caps featured the Maryland flag, as well.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: Teams wore green-colored caps and jerseys, undershirts and socks May 27, May 28 and 29, Memorial Day in the United States. The Blue Jays didn't wear them on May 27 and 28, but did May 29, even though Memorial Day is not a holiday in Toronto, the province of Ontario, or anywhere in Canada. The Rockies wore them again on July 9, which was Military Appreciation Day.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Rays wore blue "fauxback" uniforms for the first game of a doubleheader against the Athletics June 10.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: All teams wore blue-colored caps and jerseys, undershirts and socks June 17 and 18, Father's Day. The Dodgers and Reds wore the uniforms on June 18 only.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: All teams wore patriotic jerseys, undershirts and socks July 1–4. The Brewers did not wear them July 1. The Blue Jays wore red caps July 3–4, and their jerseys included a flipped US flag on one sleeve and a Canadian flag on the other during that time.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Tigers wore their Spanish-language "Tigres" uniforms August 12. The uniforms were based on the uniforms that the Tigers only wore during the 1960 season.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: Teams wore caps with an American flag design September 11, the 16th anniversary of the September 11 attacks. The Blue Jays wore caps with both Canadian and American flags.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Reds wore green uniforms September 23. The uniforms have a shamrock on the right sleeve and the Reds script wordmark on the front, instead of the player's number and the "C" logo.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The weekend of August 25–27 was the inaugural Players Weekend, organized jointly by MLB and the MLB Players Association, during which all 30 teams wore special uniforms. The first use of the special uniforms was on August 20 by the Cardinals and Pirates for the MLB Little League Classic, played in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, during the 2017 Little League World Series in nearby South Williamsport. Players Weekend also coincided with the final days of the LLWS. The uniforms dramatically differed from regular uniforms in several respects:


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Indians and Royals wore Negro leagues throwbacks May 7. The Indians wore the uniforms of the Cleveland Buckeyes, and the Royals wore the uniforms of the Kansas City Monarchs.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Red Sox and Cardinals wore 1967 throwbacks May 16 to mark the 50th anniversary of the Cardinals' 1967 World Series title.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Cubs and Pirates wore Negro leagues throwbacks June 16. The Cubs wore the uniforms of the Leland Giants, while the Pirates wore the uniforms of the Homestead Grays.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Indians and Tigers wore Negro leagues throwbacks July 1. The Indians wore the uniforms of the Cleveland Buckeyes, and the Tigers wore the uniforms of the Detroit Stars.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Angels and Rangers wore 1977 throwbacks July 8. The Rangers wore their away throwbacks, even though they were the home team.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Phillies and Brewers wore 1982 throwbacks July 14–16 as part of a weekend where members of the Brewers' 1982 AL champion team reunited.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Indians and White Sox wore 1917 throwbacks July 29 to mark the 100th anniversary of the White Sox winning the 1917 World Series title.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Reds and Brewers wore Negro leagues throwbacks August 12. The Reds wore the uniforms of the Cincinnati Tigers (which were hand-me-downs from the Reds in the 1930s), and the Brewers wore the uniforms of the Milwaukee Bears.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Rangers and Astros wore 1999 throwbacks August 12 as part of the Rangers retiring the #7 of 1999 AL MVP Ivan Rodriguez, who played for the 1999 AL West-winning Rangers (the Astros were in the NL Central in 1999, which they won).


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Astros wore 1997 Major League Baseball season throwbacks August 19. The uniforms appeared with the Jackie Robinson 50th anniversary patch, which all teams wore that season.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: The Orioles wore 1992 Major League Baseball season throwbacks on August 19. The uniforms were preceded to honor the first season at Oriole Park at Camden Yards.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: This was the Atlanta Braves' first season at SunTrust Park in Cumberland, Georgia. It succeeds Turner Field as the Braves' home ballpark. The first regular season game at SunTrust Park was on April 14, 2017, against the San Diego Padres.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: There were plans to host some games at Olympic Stadium in London, England during the season but the plans were dropped after a lack of time for negotiations. There was a series played in London in 2019, between the Yankees and the Red Sox.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: This was the fourth year of the current eight-year deals with Fox Sports, ESPN and TBS. Fox aired eight weeks of baseball on Saturday Night leading up to the 2017 Major League Baseball All-Star Game which also aired on Fox. Fox then televised Saturday afternoon games for the last four weeks of the regular season. Fox Sports 1 televised games on Tuesday nights and on Saturdays both during the afternoon and night. ESPN televised games on its flagship telecast "Sunday Night Baseball", as well as Monday and Wednesday nights. TBS televised Sunday afternoon games for the last 13 weeks of the regular season. Fox and ESPN Sunday Night Baseball telecasts will be exclusive; all other national telecasts will be subject to local blackout. ESPN also had national exclusivity for the Cubs home opener and World Series/NLCS pennant raising ceremony on April 10.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: TBS televised the National League Wild Card Game, Division Series, and Championship Series. ESPN televised the American League Wild Card, Fox Sports 1 and MLB Network televised the American League Division Series, and Fox and Fox Sports 1 televised the American League Championship Series. The World Series aired exclusively on Fox for the 18th consecutive year.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: CBS Radio's WIP-FM renewed its contract with for Philadelphia Phillies play-by-play for the 2017 season.


title: 2017 Major League Baseball season

text: ESPN Radio aired its 20th season of national coverage, including "Sunday Night Baseball", Saturday games, Opening Day and holiday games, the All-Star Game, and Home Run Derby, and the entire Major League Baseball postseason.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: Gregory Alan Gagne (born July 27, 1948) is a retired American professional wrestler. He is the son of Verne Gagne. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, he achieved his biggest success as one half of the tag team The High Flyers with Jim Brunzell. The High Flyers enjoyed a number of high-profile feuds within the American Wrestling Association (AWA) with the likes of Bobby Duncum and Blackjack Lanza, Pat Patterson and Ray "The Crippler" Stevens, The East-West Connection (Adrian Adonis and Jesse "The Body" Ventura), and The Sheiks (Ken Patera and Jerry Blackwell).


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: Schooled in the fundamentals of amateur wrestling by his father as a teenager, Gagne started wrestling professionally in 1972 in his father's promotion, the American Wrestling Association (AWA). Gagne formed the team The High Flyers with Jim Brunzell, and on July 7, 1977 they defeated Duncum and Lanza to win the AWA World Tag Team Championship. The Flyers successfully defended the title in rematches with the former champions as well as other contenders within the AWA ranks for nearly 15 months before they had to vacate the title due to an injury that Jim Brunzell sustained while playing in a charity softball game. The title was awarded to Pat Patterson and Ray Stevens in late September 1978. The Flyers regained the title in June 1981 from The East-West Connection (Adrian Adonis and Jesse "The Body" Ventura). The Flyers held the title for a little more than two years before dropping it to Ken Patera and Jerry Blackwell on June 26, 1983. Though the Flyers came close to regaining the title on several occasions, they never recaptured it. The team parted ways shortly thereafter, with Gagne entering into singles competition while Brunzell worked frequently as both a singles and tag team wrestler before departing for the World Wrestling Federation in 1985.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: From 1984 to 1986, Gagne was involved in a feud with Sheik Adnan Al-Kaissie's army, which at the time included King Kong Brody. The feud also saw Greg's retired father Verne return briefly for a number of matches. The David vs. Goliath feel to the Brody/Gagne feud boosted attendance at the time, a trend that might have continued, giving the AWA a much needed shot in the arm. Before the feud could be marketed to its full potential, Brody left the AWA. Meanwhile, in 1985, Gagne began an ill-fated and short-lived metamorphosis, becoming a member of Sgt. Slaughter's Cobra Corps. The idea saw a fatigues-clad Gagne teaming with Slaughter.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: In the later 1980s, Gagne feuded with Curt Hennig, Ron Garvin, and Larry Zbyszko and briefly resurrected his feud with Sheik Adnan Al-Kaissie. His feud with Hennig over the AWA title only heated up when both fathers, Verne and Larry Hennig, became embroiled in the feud interfering on behalf of their sons during many of their matches. Gagne apparently won the title on several occasions only to have the belt returned to Hennig on technicality, à la the Dusty finish.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: It was during this time that the AWA created the AWA International Television Championship. Gagne defeated Adrian Adonis in a tournament to be crowned the first TV champion. Ron Garvin defeated Gagne for the TV title in the fall of 1988, hitting Gagne with a foreign object to get the pin. The belt was held up until a showdown at SuperClash III. Gagne won the belt back as the result of a count out.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: After SuperClash III, the AWA stripped Jerry Lawler of the World Title (Lawler eventually left the AWA and competed in the USWA as that federation's World champion). It was then decided that the new champion would be determined in a battle royal in February 1989. Many fans expected either Gagne or Slaughter to win the title that night and the crowd reacted with shock when both were eliminated late in the match. The crowd was even more stunned when Larry Zbyszko became the new champion by eliminating Tom Zenk to end the match. Gagne challenged Larry Zbyszko for the AWA World Heavyweight Championship at "War in the Windy City", but was unsuccessful. It was also around this time the Sheik Adnan Al-Kaissie attacked Verne Gagne during an interview. As a result, Gagne turned his attention to Adnan in a feud that eventually involved a young Kokina Maximus. Gagne's wrestling career ended during a match for the vacated AWA World Tag Team Title. Gagne and Paul Diamond were facing The Destruction Crew in the finals when Adnan and Kokina came to the ring and confronted Gagne. Kokina slammed Gagne on the cement floor outside the ring and then splashed his leg, apparently doing damage to Gagne's knee. Gagne retired due to the injury and began to work in the broadcast booth and in production. Publicly, he enlisted the help of Jerry Blackwell to exact revenge on Adnan and Kokina. Despite the build up, the match never occurred.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: Following an ongoing exodus of talent and the disastrous Team Challenge Series, the AWA became inactive in late 1990. The Gagnes made an attempt to revive the AWA in May 1991, but were unsuccessful. Gagne teamed with Wahoo McDaniel to face the Destruction Crew in the main event of the last AWA show promoted by Verne Gagne in May 1991. After the AWA closed for good, Gagne worked as a road agent for World Championship Wrestling for a couple of years. While working for his father's AWA, Gagne received $100,000 in workman's compensation benefits. This money would later play a role in his bankruptcy proceedings.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: Although he worked the majority of his career for his father's promotion, Gagne made some rare appearances in the then World Wrestling Federation, current day WWE.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: Gagne's first appearance in the WWF (at that time under the "World Wide Wrestling Federation "WWWF"" banner) was in 1977, in a match for WWWF TV-Tapings at Madison Square Garden, where he defeated Johnny Rodz.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: Gagne's second appearance in the WWF was on April 24, 1980, where he defeated preliminary wrestler Jose Estrada in a match for WWF-TV Tapings at MSG.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: Gagne's third and final appearance in the WWF was at the Showdown at Shea event on August 9, 1980, where he defeated Rick McGraw.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: Apart from the WWF, Gagne made some other rare appearances in other territories, though many of these appearances would be the result of the AWA exchanging their talent with other promotions.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: In 1976, Gagne would make his first appearance in wrestling outside his father's promotion, appearing at a Central States Wrestling event, where Gagne teamed up with Pat O' Connor to take on the team of Baron von Raschke and Ernie Ladd.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: Gagne's final appearance in CSW was when Gagne teamed up with Jim Brunzell to defeat the team of Bennie Ramirez and Moose Morowski.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: Gagne would make multiple appearances through the course of 1977 and 1978 at NWA St. Louis Wrestling and Maple Leaf Wrestling, where he often would be paired up with Jim Brunzell to defend their AWA World Tag Team Titles.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: Gagne would later appear in the Memphis-based Continental Wrestling Association, where he and Brunzell would successfully defend their titles against the team of Frankie Laine and Mike Boyer.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: Through the course of 1982 and 1984, Gagne would often travel to Japan and make appearances for All Japan Pro Wrestling, where he would team with Jim Brunzell as well.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: On May 11, 1984, Gagne and Brunzell appeared at a Georgia Championship Wrestling event, where they defeated the team of Jimmy Duke and Rooster Griffin.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: On September 19, 1985, Gagne appeared at a Jim Crockett Promotions event, where he teamed up with Sgt. Slaughter (as Brunzell by the time left the AWA for the WWF) to take on the team of Nick Bockwinkel and Larry Zbyszko. Bockwinkel and Zbyszko would win the match by disqualification.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: Gagne's last appearance outside the AWA would come in 1988, at a CWA event, where he defeated Terry Adonis.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: Gagne played football at the University of Minnesota from 1967 to 1969. He transferred to the University of Wyoming in 1970 where he played ten games as quarterback.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: Gagne appeared in the 1974 movie, "The Wrestler". He also made a brief appearance in the movie "Highlander" during the opening scene at Madison Square Garden.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: Greg was married to Mary Gail Gagne and has three children. Mary Gail Gagne died on March 29, 2019. Greg inducted his father, Verne Gagne, into the WWE Hall of Fame on April 1, 2006.


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

text: When his run with WCW was over, he sold Mitsubishi cars in Minnesota. On April 30, 2006, it was announced that Gagne would be working for World Wrestling Entertainment full-time as a road agent, starting at Backlash. He also worked at WWE's training camp Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW). He later parted ways with WWE. He runs a small commodity trading fund on behalf of retired AWA talent. In addition, in 2009, Gagne opened a professional wrestling school in Mound, Minnesota. He has also coached football.


title: Diss (music)

text: A diss track, diss record or diss song (diss – abbr. from "disrespect") is a song whose primary purpose is to verbally attack someone else, usually another artist. Diss tracks are often the result of an existing, escalating feud between the two people; for example, the artists involved may be former members of a group, or artists on rival labels.


title: Diss (music)

text: The diss track as a medium of its own was popularized in the hip hop genre, fueled by the hip hop rivalry phenomenon (especially the East Coast–West Coast hip hop rivalry of the mid-1990s). More recently, entertainers from outside the traditional music landscape have adopted the genre.


title: Diss (music)

text: In the course of constructing their argument, artists often include a wealth of references to past events and transgressions in their diss tracks, which listeners can dive into. Artists who are the subject of a diss track often make one of their own in response to the first. It is this back-and-forth associated with a feud that makes this type of song particularly viral. The term sneak diss refers to a type of verse in a song in which an artist refrains from mentioning a specific individual but describing or referring to them in a negative or derogatory manner.


title: Diss (music)

text: An early example of a diss track was "You Keep Her" (1962) by Joe Tex. He wrote the song after his wife left him for soul singer James Brown, who then broke up with her and wrote Tex a letter saying he could have her back. Tex refused and ridiculed this offer in his song.


title: Diss (music)

text: After Lee "Scratch" Perry left producer Coxsone Dodd, he released a track called "Run for Cover" (1967) poking fun at him. Perry in particular has a long history of releasing diss tracks directed at former musical collaborators. The musical single "People Funny Boy" (1968) attacked his former boss Joe Gibbs by adding sounds of a crying baby into the mix. In response, Gibbs himself released a track called "People Grudgeful" (1968). Perry's "Evil Tongues" (1978) was aimed at The Congos and "Judgement Inna Babylon" (1984) and "Satan Kicked the Bucket" (1988) at Chris Blackwell. Perry also attacked Michael Jackson (with whom he had never worked) on the track "Freaky Michael" (2010).


title: Diss (music)

text: John Lennon of the Beatles wrote "Sexy Sadie", a song released on the band's 1968 album "The Beatles", as a diss track aimed at Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, a guru who he felt had been a let down to them. The original lyrics specifically targeted him, but at the request of George Harrison the lyrics became more vague.


title: Diss (music)

text: Lennon's "How Do You Sleep?" (1971), from his solo album "Imagine", is another prototypical example of a diss track. Lennon had the impression that the song "Too Many People" from Paul McCartney's "Ram" (1971) was a dig at him, something McCartney later admitted. Lennon thought that other songs on the album, such as "3 Legs", contained similar attacks, and the back cover of "Ram", showing one stag beetle mounting another, has been described by McCartney as indicative of how he felt treated by the other members of the Beatles. As a result, Lennon's "How Do You Sleep?" indirectly mocked McCartney's musicianship. While McCartney is never mentioned in the song, the many references make clear he is the target, particularly in the lyrics "The only thing you done was yesterday/And since you've gone you're just another day", the first lyric being a reference to The Beatles' 1965 song "Yesterday" and the second line referring to McCartney's 1971 song "Another Day".


title: Diss (music)

text: The opening track on Queen's album "A Night at the Opera", "Death on Two Legs (Dedicated to...)", is a prime example of a hard rock diss track, directed toward the band's former manager. The Sex Pistols recorded two diss tracks, "New York", aimed at The New York Dolls, and "E.M.I.", aimed at their former record label EMI.


title: Diss (music)

text: Wild Man Fischer wrote a song called "Frank" in 1980, which was aimed at his former record producer Frank Zappa, who enabled him to record his debut album "An Evening with Wild Man Fischer" (1969) but afterwards broke all contact when the mentally disturbed Fischer threw a bottle at Zappa's infant daughter and missed. Dr. Demento once played "Frank" when Zappa was a guest on his show and to his amazement Zappa turned absolutely livid with anger when he heard it, even threatening the radio host to never ever play this song again on the air.


title: Diss (music)

text: In the 1980s, diss tracks began to feature prominently in the hip-hop genre. The first known hip-hop feud (or "beef") was the Roxanne Wars. The Roxanne Wars began in 1984 when Roxanne Shanté and Marley Marl released the song "Roxanne's Revenge", a diss track aimed at the trio U.T.F.O. "Roxanne's Revenge" was a quick success, leading U.T.F.O. to compose a response: they joined forces with Elease Jack and Adelaida Martinez, who adopted the stage name "The Real Roxanne," to release a song under that name in 1985. Roxanne Shanté replied soon afterward, and the feud rapidly expanded from there, with numerous other rappers writing songs that expanded upon the Roxanne mythos.


title: Diss (music)

text: Another prominent hip-hop feud from the 1980s was The Bridge Wars, a dispute over the birthplace of hip-hop. Marley Marl and MC Shan released the track "The Bridge" in 1985, in which they were perceived as claiming that the genre originated in Queensbridge. KRS-One and Boogie Down Productions responded with "South Bronx" in 1986, and the feud continued to escalate, culminating with Boogie Down Productions' "The Bridge Is Over" in 1987.


title: Diss (music)

text: There also existed smaller-scale rivalries during this period: Craig Werner describes "interminable ego duels between LL Cool J and Kool Moe Dee" during the later 1980s.


title: Diss (music)

text: The East Coast–West Coast hip-hop rivalry led to increased popularity for hip-hop diss tracks. This feud began with Bronx rapper Tim Dog's 1991 song "Fuck Compton", which expressed his anger at record companies' preference of West Coast artists over the East Coast. This song provoked many responses, including Dr. Dre's single "Fuck Wit Dre Day" the following year. "Fuck Wit Dre Day" is also notable as a diss track that emerged from the breakup of the group N.W.A., taking shots at former group member Eazy-E. The N.W.A. breakup also led to Ice Cube's diss track "No Vaseline" in 1991.


title: Diss (music)

text: The East Coast–West Coast rivalry came to be exemplified by the feud between 2Pac and the Notorious B.I.G., which began after Biggie's song "Who Shot Ya?" was interpreted by 2Pac as a mockery of his 1994 robbery. Though both B.I.G. and Puff Daddy denied involvement and asserted that "Who Shot Ya?" had been recorded before the robbery, 2Pac nevertheless retorted on several tracks, most famously "Hit 'Em Up" in 1996.


title: Diss (music)

text: Another major feud from this era was the feud between Jay-Z and Nas in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Jay-Z dissed Nas (as well as Prodigy of Mobb Deep) on the 2001 track "Takeover", and Nas retorted later that year with "Ether." Ether in particular has come to be seen as a "classic" diss track, and caused "ether" to emerge as a slang term meaning to ruthlessly defeat someone in a rap battle.


title: Diss (music)

text: After years of a reported feud and subtle references, rapper Pusha T called out Lil Wayne, as well as Wayne's Cash Money and Young Money record labels, in a 2012 song titled "Exodus 23:1". Lil Wayne responded with a diss track of his own, "Ghoulish". Drake, who at the time was signed to Young Money, subsequently entered the feud with "Tuscan Leather", a song on his 2013 album "Nothing Was the Same". Pusha T and Drake then recorded several further diss tracks against each other. In 2016, Pusha T released the freestyle "H.G.T.V." and Drake responded with "Two Birds, One Stone". Pusha T then continued the feud with "Infrared", the closing track of his 2018 album "DAYTONA". This song sparked the response "Duppy Freestyle" from Drake, to which Pusha T responded with "The Story of Adidon". The cover of "The Story of Adidon" depicted a young Drake in blackface and featured lyrics revealing that Drake had a son. Due to Drake's high level of commercial success and popularity, the feud and the diss tracks that followed received significant coverage from hip hop media and beyond.


title: Diss (music)

text: In 2015, Drake also engaged in a feud against rapper Meek Mill, who alleged that Drake used ghostwriters for his music. Drake's second diss track in response to the allegations was "Back to Back", which went on to become a critical and commercial success.


title: Diss (music)

text: In 2017, Rapper Remy Ma released a diss track aimed at Nicki Minaj named "Shether", a reference to the aforementioned Nas diss track, using the same beat.


title: Diss (music)

text: Diss tracks found a resurgence in the late 2010s as personalities from platforms outside of music, especially YouTubers, entered the medium. Diss tracks performed especially well on the platform, often drawing tens or hundreds of millions of views, spawning internet memes, and earning millions of dollars in AdSense revenue for their creators. Notable participants in this movement included Logan Paul, Jake Paul, RiceGum, and KSI, with PewDiePie and IDubbbzTV being large creators who've engaged in diss track parodies.


title: Diss (music)

text: In 2018, YouTuber Jake Paul was certified RIAA platinum for his track "It's Everyday Bro", and YouTubers RiceGum and Alissa Violet were certified platinum for "It's Every Night Sis", the diss track they made in response.


title: Diss (music)

text: In 2022, Rapper Pusha T and Arby's made a diss track against McDonald's Filet-O-Fish, saying, "A little cube of fish from a clown is basic", among other criticisms.


title: Daisy Johnson (Marvel Cinematic Universe)

text: Daisy Johnson is a fictional character portrayed by Chloe Bennet appearing in the Marvel Cinematic Universe multimedia franchise. Based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name and adapted for television by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, the character first appeared in the 2013 pilot episode of "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.".


text: Johnson is initially introduced as a computer hacker known as "Skye"; the character's real name of Daisy Johnson is revealed over the course of the second season, with the character being known as such for the rest of the series. The character evolves throughout her appearances from a hacker, to a S.H.I.E.L.D. agent and ultimately an Inhuman superhero known to the public as Quake in the fourth season. Aspects of this interpretation were later integrated into the comics version of the character.


text: Daisy Johnson was born in China to Calvin Johnson and his Inhuman wife Jiaying, but was soon taken by Hydra agents which infiltrated S.H.I.E.L.D. and raised as an orphan by nuns. Taking the name "Skye" since she disliked the name the orphanage gave her, she became a skilled hacktivist, opposing organisations like S.H.I.E.L.D..


text: Being a hacker led to Skye's involvement with Coulson, who decided to recruit her, and have Ward, and then May, train her to be a formidable field agent. Ward unfortunately turns out to be a Hydra mole, devastating and enraging Skye, who had harbored romantic feelings for him prior to realizing his true colors. After reuniting with her father, Skye chooses to drive him away, knowing him to be a monster and murderer, though his wishes for her to fulfill her destiny—by unlocking her Inhuman abilities—are granted when she unintentionally comes into contact with the Terrigen Mists, which give her earthquake-generating abilities. Skye soon meets Jiaying, who helps Skye control her abilities. Skye's loyalties are tested when Jiaying attempts to start a war with S.H.I.E.L.D., and she ultimately sides with S.H.I.E.L.D. Now using her birth name, Johnson forms a S.H.I.E.L.D. team of Inhumans named the Secret Warriors, including Elena "Yo-Yo" Rodriguez, Lincoln Campbell, and Joey Gutierrez.


text: After briefly being connected to Hive, and watching Lincoln Campbell, with whom she developed a romantic relationship, sacrifice himself for her, Johnson leaves S.H.I.E.L.D. and becomes known as the powered vigilante "Quake" to the public. She later returns to S.H.I.E.L.D. following the fight with Eli Morrow in the fourth season of the series. While traveling through time to stop the Chronicoms from changing history in season seven, she enters into a relationship with time-displaced Agent Daniel Sousa and discovers she had an older half-sister, Kora, who had died in her timeline. After helping an earlier timeline version of Kora join the team, Daisy continues to work with her and Sousa one year after defeating the Chronicoms.


text: Daisy Johnson was created by Brian Michael Bendis and Gabriele Dell'Otto for "Secret War" #2. When the character of Skye was introduced to the series, it was always intended that she would be the MCU version of Johnson, as executive producer Maurissa Tancharoen explained, "there are always the series of clearances, but we always knew we wanted to evolve Skye into something else. Daisy Johnson was the main character that we wanted to go for. We got confirmation on that very early on, so we’ve been on that track ever since." Bennet was cast as Skye in December 2012, out of more than 400 actresses who auditioned for the role. Unlike the comic version, Skye is an Inhuman; Jed Whedon explained that "We’ve created a different origin for her...we merged those two ideas together also because there are such rabid fans out there that if we stick to original story points from the comics, they will smell story points from miles away. Those two factors led us to coming up with a different notion of how she got her powers."


text: Skye's initial costume design was intended to keep her relatable, with inspiration coming from street style blogs, but as she became a more experienced S.H.I.E.L.D. agent in the second season, she received a more tactical outfit. For the third season, Bennet cut her hair to further her character's transformation to Daisy Johnson, as she is portrayed in the comics, though she did not cut her hair as short as her comic counterpart; Bennet explained that "the comic book version of Daisy Johnson has very short, Miley Cyrus-esque hair. We wanted to stay true to the comic book character fans love; I wanted to please them but also make sure there was still some movement and length and sexiness in the hair." Bennet also received a superhero costume for the third season, again bringing the character closer to the version in the comics. Foley felt that "one of the most important things was that the symbol be incorporated into her costume but especially onto the gauntlets, And it’s also on the back of her suit, which was a fun little touch that we added. As far as the silhouette, we wanted to stay true to the comics and pay tribute to those original designs. I also wanted to incorporate the gold color that I’ve seen in some of the illustrations of her suit throughout the comics, which is why we have the gold lines that we see on the suit. Finally, for me personally, I wanted a nod to her tactical look from last season, so if you look at the style lines around the top of the costume, you will see that they’re similar to her tactical hood from Season 2." The suit was "made out of printed EuroJersey, which works well for these costumes because it’s a four-way stretch that gives Chloe the ability to move and do her stunts... But there is a lot more leather in her suit than in some of the others." Legacy Effects created Johnson's iconic gauntlets from the comics, making them "out of flexible materials painted to look like metal" so as not to injure anyone during stunts. During a single-shot fight sequence in "The Dirty Half Dozen", Bennet broke her arm and finished the second season without wearing a cast.


text: Bennet, talking about Skye's commitment to S.H.I.E.L.D., stated that "I think at the beginning she came into S.H.I.E.L.D. thinking it was this government-run, CIA-type thing, where they’re not for the people and their motives were not good ones. But throughout the [first] season, being on the team and seeing what was happening, she really got to know why S.H.I.E.L.D. is there. It really is to protect people, and the intention behind the organization is pure...I think she finds a parallel between S.H.I.E.L.D. and Coulson, and I think that’s why she’s committed to it so deeply." Elaborating on this, Bennet said "she’s always had this unspoken bond with Coulson that’s a very father/daughter relationship where clearly the love they have for each other is evident in a very caring way."Going into the second season, Bennet noted on the character, "I think she’s always someone who will wear her heart on her sleeve, but I think she’s much smarter about it now, if that makes any sense. I don’t think she’s the type of person who can halfass anything, and that includes emotions. If she feels something, she feels something. But she knows how to control it more". Talking about the changes to the character after it was revealed that she was Daisy Johnson and an Inhuman, Tancharoen said "With this discovery will come some consequences, especially in her relationships with everyone around her, specifically Coulson...Needless to say, it’s going to be a very complex, emotional journey for her. We have the ability on a television show to really explore the emotional journey of that. What does that mean now that she has this ability? Does she even want it?" Explaining some of these changes in the character, Bennet stated that "I make sure to try to keep the season one Daisy weaved through the new, badass Daisy...[but] she's changed a lot. She went into S.H.I.E.L.D. hating organizations like S.H.I.E.L.D., and now she's the epitome of S.H.I.E.L.D. She believes in everything that they believe in." Discussing the reveal that Skye is actually Daisy Johnson, Maurissa Tancharoen explained thatJohnson is a character that we always liked. We always knew there was a potential to evolve Skye into something else. It took a little bit of time, but we were happy when we were able to land on Daisy Johnson, and actually have that work in our mythology. But as with everything that we do on the show, we pull from the properties, and we do our own spin to it. So we are kind of merging a few concepts and storylines. We've spent a season and a half with Skye. We've seen her evolve as a person, we've grown to like her as a person, we've seen her evolve as an agent. And now, finally bringing her to her origin story—I think there's just a lot more emotional weight to it, because you already know her as just Skye, and now she will have this ability that she may not understand, that she may not want ... We're going to focus on Skye, and how that affects the people around her, and how the relationships may shift. Because we've seen through the course of our series so far; we've spoken about how S.H.I.E.L.D. treats gifteds or views them, and they're categorized, things like that. What does that mean when one of your own is now considered someone with an ability? How do you categorize her?Whedon elaborated that "We're going to walk her through the steps of discovering what this really means, and coming to terms with it. All that stuff is really interesting to us, and in television, because we have time to explore, we can take her origin on all sorts of different paths." Additionally, Whedon talked about how the character would be referred to on the show after the reveal, saying, "She's still Skye, because "she" thinks she's Skye. I think her dad thinks she's Daisy, and we'll see if she ever gets to the point where she believes that that's something that she would want to call herself. But right now, she has her own identity."


text: Discussing the character becoming leader of the Secret Warriors, Bennet said, "What makes her such a good leader is how much she's been through, so she can relate to everyone on the team and she really has so much empathy and that's what I love about playing her. She really genuinely cares about everyone so deeply and it wears heavily on her because she obviously went through this big Inhuman change...And so what I think makes her such a good kind of...unconventional leader is that she's really kind of still learning and I think that's so realistic that leaders are—it's almost like when you grow up and you realize that your parents are just humans, parenting." Wen noted how the character "has evolved from being so anti-establishment into suddenly being someone who wants to create an establishment that would help and enhance the betterment of the world", to which Bennet said, "she was lost for a really long time, she was an orphan and she wanted to find her parents and all of a sudden she does and it's not what she expected. You know, when your mom tries to kill you and your dad is Hyde. So she's kind of grown into this."


text: Entering the fourth season, Bennet felt that, after the events of the final episode of season three, Johnson was "in a darker place. She's mourning. She cares about the team so much that she feels like she is protecting them by kind of pushing them away, because I think she feel like everything bad happens around her and she can't help but cause problems. Her way of taking care of the people she cares about is kind of pushing them away, which... is not the best thing." She also added that physically, Johnson would not be in great shape, since she is no longer under S.H.I.E.L.D.'s monitoring "containing and helping me grow my powers" so there would be "repercussions of her kind of using these powers and... abusing her body".


text: Bennet received nominations for 'Favorite TV Actress' and 'Favorite Female TV Star – Family Show' at the 28th and 29th Kids' Choice Awards, respectively.


title: Chevrolet Silverado EV

text: The Chevrolet Silverado EV is a battery electric full-size pickup truck to be manufactured by General Motors under the Chevrolet brand. Introduced in January 2022, the Silverado EV will go on sale in 2023 for the 2024 model year in the North American market.


title: Chevrolet Silverado EV

text: Despite using the Silverado nameplate, the vehicle does not share its underpinnings with the ICE-powered Silverado, as it is built on a narrower version of the dedicated electric platform used by the GMC Hummer EV. It is the first Chevrolet-branded electric pickup truck after the experimental S-10 EV.


title: Chevrolet Silverado EV

text: The GMC counterpart, the GMC Sierra EV was introduced in October 2022 with a restyled exterior and interior design.


title: Chevrolet Silverado EV

text: The Silverado EV was introduced at the 2022 Consumer Electronics Show (CES) on January 5, 2022. Instead of using the existing Silverado platform, it uses the electric-only BT1 platform with an Ultium battery. While the wheelbase and overall length are similar to the ICE-powered Silverado, the proportions are significantly altered which enables it to adopt a more aerodynamic exterior design and a forward-shifted cab to increase interior space. It is available in a four-door Crew Cab configuration.


title: Chevrolet Silverado EV

text: All models are powered by front and rear electric motors with optional 200 kWh battery and uses independent front and rear suspension. The truck will initially have a towing capacity of , but Chevrolet will offer a max tow package that will increase the figure up to .


title: Chevrolet Silverado EV

text: The truck features a midgate which is similar to the one in the Avalanche, which allows the wall separating the bed from the cab to be lowered in a 60:40 split to increase the effective bed length while leaving room for a rear passenger. The rear glass is removable and can be stored in the folding section, further enlarging the opening. Combined with the tailgate, the 5.9 feet long bed is extendable to 10 feet 10 inches. The front hood hosts a front trunk capable of handling three large suitcases.


title: Chevrolet Silverado EV

text: Production will start in the Factory Zero assembly plant (formerly Detroit-Hamtramck Assembly) in the second quarter of 2023.


title: Chevrolet Silverado EV

text: Two trim levels were available at its introduction, which are the base, fleet-oriented WT and the flagship RST First Edition, while other trim levels between them will be released later. The WT has a power output of and of torque, while the RST offers a power output of and .


title: Chevrolet Silverado EV

text: The WT trim features a more basic appearance, silver-painted steel wheels, black front and rear bumpers and exterior accents, and a vinyl interior with rubberized floors, while the RST features a sporty appearance with large aluminum-alloy wheels, color-keyed front and rear bumpers and exterior accents, a luxury leather-trimmed interior, and carpeted flooring with front and rear floor mats. Both models include a touchscreen infotainment system with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto smartphone integration, as well as a large Thin Film Transistor (TFT) reconfigurable LCD full-color instrument cluster display screen. Also standard on both models are LED front headlamps and a dual-zone automatic climate control system.


title: Chevrolet Silverado EV

text: The RST First Edition trim features a drive mode called Wide Open Watts, that enables time in less than 4.5 seconds. It also will come equipped with 24-inch wheels, four-wheel steering, an adaptive air suspension that can raise or lower the model up to , and a Super Cruise semi-autonomous driving system.


title: Chevrolet Silverado EV

text: GM expects about 400 miles of range on a full charge from both the WT and RST trims. The WT model is expected to arrive in spring of 2023, whereas the RST First Edition model will arrive in fall of 2023. Additional trim levels, such as the off-road oriented Trail Boss, will also debut in the future.


title: Shawm

text: The shawm () is a conical bore, double-reed woodwind instrument made in Europe from the 12th century to the present day. It achieved its peak of popularity during the medieval and Renaissance periods, after which it was gradually eclipsed by the oboe family of descendant instruments in classical music. It is likely to have come to Western Europe from the Eastern Mediterranean around the time of the Crusades. Double-reed instruments similar to the shawm were long present in Southern Europe and the East, for instance the ancient Greek, and later Byzantine, aulos, the Persian sorna, and the Armenian duduk.


title: Shawm

text: The body of the shawm is usually turned from a single piece of wood, and terminates in a flared bell somewhat like that of a trumpet. Beginning in the 16th century, shawms were made in several sizes, from sopranino to great bass, and four- and five-part music could be played by a consort consisting entirely of shawms. All later shawms (excepting the smallest) have at least one key allowing a downward extension of the compass; the keywork is typically covered by a perforated wooden cover called the "fontanelle". The bassoon-like double reed, made from the same "arundo donax" cane used for oboes and bassoons, is inserted directly into a socket at the top of the instrument, or in the larger types, on the end of a metal tube called the bocal. The "pirouette", a small wooden attachment with a cavity in the center resembling a thimble, surrounds the lower part of the reed—this provides support for the lips and embouchure.


title: Shawm

text: Since only a short portion of the reed protrudes past the pirouette, the player has only limited contact with the reed, and therefore limited control of dynamics. The shawm's conical bore and flaring bell, combined with the style of playing dictated by the use of a pirouette, gives the instrument a piercing, trumpet-like sound, well-suited for outdoor performances.


title: Shawm

text: In English the name first appears in the 14th century. There were originally three main variant forms, (1) ( or ), (2) ( or , all plural forms in Middle English), and (3) (or ), each derived from a corresponding variant in Old French: , , and (the plural of ), each in turn derived from the Latin ('reed'), or its Vulgar Latin diminutive form, . (The name of a somewhat different reed instrument, the chalumeau, also shares this etymology.) The early plural forms were often mistaken for a singular, and new plurals were formed from them. The later reduction in the 15th and 16th centuries to a single syllable in forms such as "schalme", "shaume", "shawme", and finally (in the 16th century) "shawm", was probably due to this confusion of plural and singular forms.


title: Shawm

text: In German the shawm is called (or for the larger members of the family —also in English in the 14th century—later corrupted to and finally in the 17th century to "Pommer") This is borne out by the very similar names of many folk shawms used as traditional instruments in various European nations: in Spain, many traditional shawms with different names can be found, such as the Castilian, Aragonese, and Leonese "dulzaina" (sometimes called "chirimía", a term that derives from the same Old French word as "shawm"); the Valencian and Catalan shawms (, , or "gralla") or the Navarrese "gaita". In Portugal there is an instrument called ; and the name of the Italian shawm is (or: , ).


title: Shawm

text: However, it is also possible that the name comes from the Arabic (), a traditional oboe from Egypt, as the European shawm seems to have been developed from similar instruments brought to Europe from the Near East during the time of the Crusades. This Arabic name is itself linguistically related to many other Eastern names for the instrument: the Arabic , the Turkish "zūrnā", the Persian "surnāy", the Chinese "suona", the Javanese , and the Hindu or "sanayi".


title: Shawm

text: Instruments resembling the medieval shawm can still be heard in many countries today, played by street musicians or military bands. The latter use would have been familiar to crusaders, who often had to face massed bands of Saracen shawms and nakers, used as a psychological weapon. It must have had a profound effect, for the shawm was quickly adopted by Europeans, to accompany dance as well as for military purposes. The standard outdoor dance band in the fifteenth century consisted of a slide trumpet playing popular melodies, while two shawms improvised countermelodies over it. In many Asian countries, shawm technique includes circular breathing allowing continuous playing without pauses for air.


title: Shawm

text: By the early 16th century the shawm had undergone considerable development. The harsh tonality of the medieval shawm had been modulated somewhat by a narrowing of the bore and a reduction in the size of the fingerholes. This also extended the range, enabling the performer to play the notes in the second octave. Larger sizes of shawm were built, down to the great bass in B, two octaves and a major third below the soprano in D. However, the larger sizes were unwieldy, which made them somewhat rare.


title: Shawm

text: The smaller sizes of shawm, chiefly the soprano, alto and sometimes the tenor, were more often coupled with the Renaissance trombone, or sackbut, and the majestic sound of this ensemble was much in demand by civic authorities. The shawm became standard equipment for town bands, or waits, who were required to herald the start of municipal functions and signal the major times of day. The shawm became so closely associated with the town waits ( in German and in Italian) that it was also known as the wait-pipe.


title: Shawm

text: Before the discovery of a still shawm aboard the shipwreck of the "Mary Rose", instrument historians had been puzzled by references to "still shawms", or "soft" shawms, that were said to have a sound that was less shrill than earlier shawms. The still shawm disappeared from the musical scene in the 16th century; the instrument found on the "Mary Rose" is the only surviving example. A reproduction has been made and played. Combined with a pipe and tabor, it provides a "very effective bass part" that would have produced "rich and full sound, which would have provided excellent music for dancing on board ship".


title: Shawm

text: The shawm was reserved almost exclusively for outdoor performance—for softer, indoor music, other instruments such as the crumhorn and cornamuse were preferred. These were double reed instruments fitted with a capsule that completely enclosed the reed, which softened the sound but still did not allow for any variation in dynamics.


title: Shawm

text: Known by the Spanish term "chirimia", the shawm remains an important ritual instrument among Maya peoples of Highland Guatemala. Accompanied by a drum, the chirimia is frequently used in processions and in certain ritual dances, such as the Dance of the Conquest (Baile de la Conquista), and this is still played today.


title: Shawm

text: A tenor shawm in C with a single key [without the customary lower extension to G], with a range of a perfect twelfth, was described as a "nicolo" according to Michael Praetorius in his "Syntagma Musicum" II (1619), pages 23 and 36, but was not illustrated. Praetorius does, however, illustrate in Plate 13 in the supplementary volume of illustrations, the (1620), along with crumhorns, a "bassett:nicolo" which has the outward appearance of a capped shawm with four keys, but in fact conceals a mostly cylindrical bore. (The range of the bassett: nicolo descended to the A below great C and was just over four feet in length; a shawm of this range, i.e., with a conical bore, would require more than 9 feet of bore length.)


title: Shawm

text: The shawm inspired the later 17th-century "hautbois", an invention of the French musician Martin Hotteterre (d. 1712). He is credited with devising essentially a brand-new instrument, one which borrowed several features from the shawm, chiefly its double reed and conical bore, but departed from it significantly in other respects, the most important departure being the fact the player places his lips directly on the reed with no intervening pirouette. Around 1670, the new French began replacing the shawm in military bands, concert music and opera; by 1700, the shawm had all but disappeared from concert life, although as late as 1830 shawms could still be heard in German town bands performing their municipal functions. Curiously, the Germans and Dutch continued to manufacture an ornate version of the shawm, called , well after the introduction of the French . Several examples of this instrument survive in European collections, although its exact musical use is unclear.


title: Shawm

text: The 16th-century proclivity for building instruments in a full range of sizes was naturally extended to the shawm, but the extreme length of pipe of the bass instruments meant that few were built and played, due to their cumbersome size. A solution was devised whereby the bore was in effect "folded back" upon itself, creating a much more manageable instrument. The new instrument is often referred to as the dulcian, and was called "curtal" in England, or in Germany and Italy, and in Spain. The dulcian, like the first oboes, employed direct lip-to-reed contact, which allowed for much greater control over the sound than was offered by shawms. This led to the dulcian becoming very popular, serving as a bass both to the other shawms and even to indoor ensembles that did not feature shawms, afforded by its ability to play quietly. The dulcian was the forerunner to the bassoon, which like the oboe was a Baroque invention.


title: Shawm

text: The , or , is a double-reed instrument in traditional Japanese music descended either from shawms brought to Japan by Portuguese Christian missionaries, or possibly Iberian traders in the 16th century. It is sometimes used in kabuki theatre performances. It is also strongly associated in popular culture with street vendors of ramen, who played a distinctive melody on it to attract customers.


title: Tang-class submarine

text: The "Tang"-class submarines were the first submarines designed (under project SCB 2) and built by the United States Navy after WWII. They incorporated the best features of the high-speed German Type XXI U-boat and the venerable U.S. Navy fleet submarine. The "Tang"-class and the fleet submarines converted under the Greater Underwater Propulsion Power (GUPPY) program had much higher submerged performance than their predecessors, but were quickly surpassed by the nuclear-propelled submarines that entered service beginning in 1954.


title: Tang-class submarine

text: Probably the most important innovation of the "Tang"s, and their primary advantage over contemporary GUPPY conversions, was an increase in test depth from to , achieved with the same High Tensile Steel (HTS; yield strength) as the "Balao" and "Tench" classes. This allowed the class to take advantage of deeper ocean conditions to evade sonar, as well as maneuver more safely at moderate depths.


title: Tang-class submarine

text: An unsuccessful innovation of the "Tang" design was the General Motors EMD 16-338 lightweight, compact, high-speed "pancake" engine, rated at 1,000 bhp. Very different from the classic diesel engines that nearly all preceding submarines used, which were laid out with a horizontal crankshaft, this new engine had a vertical crankshaft, and the cylinders were arranged radially like an aircraft engine. Four of these , , eight-ton engines could be installed in a single engine room, thus deleting an entire compartment from the submarine's design. The goal was to reduce overall length, as testing had shown that shorter submarines were more maneuverable, especially in depth, and had less submerged drag. Four compact Guppy-type 126-cell lead–acid batteries were installed to provide a high sustained submerged speed. The overall design allowed for a top speed and possible future propulsion replacement with a Type XVII U-boat-derived hydrogen peroxide turbine, closed-cycle diesel system, or even a nuclear power plant. However, attempts to develop the first two systems were unsuccessful, and nuclear power plants proved too large to be accommodated in the "Tang"-class hull.


title: Tang-class submarine

text: When the boats went to sea in the early 1950s, the new engines did not work well. Their compact, high-speed design made them difficult to maintain, and they tended to leak oil into their generators. In 1956, the Navy decided to replace the pancake engines with three ten-cylinder Fairbanks-Morse opposed-piston 38D 8-1/8 diesels. These were similar to those of late-war World War II boats, but uprated from to each. To accommodate the larger engines, the boats had to be lengthened some nine feet in the engine room (three additional frames between frames 69 and 70). Accordingly, in 1957 and 1958, the first four "Tang"s were lengthened, while "Gudgeon" and "Harder", still on the ways, were built to the new length with the new engines. This propulsion plant was used for almost all subsequent US conventional submarines.


title: Tang-class submarine

text: The torpedo tubes were also redesigned. The six forward tubes now used air-powered piston ejection pumps, which forced a slug of water through a slide valve behind the torpedo to push it out, rather than the pulse of air used in previous designs. Because this design is somewhat quieter and does not release an air bubble every time a torpedo is fired, it has been used in all subsequent submarine designs throughout the world. The four stern tubes of previous classes were reduced to two shorter, simpler tubes that could not accommodate the longer anti-ship torpedoes and had no capability to actively eject torpedoes. Rather, they were designed for the Mark 27 and planned Mark 37 swim-out torpedoes.


title: Tang-class submarine

text: In October 1946, the first two boats were ordered. was built at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard; at the Electric Boat yard in Groton, Connecticut. In 1947, contracts were awarded to Portsmouth for and to Electric Boat for . Then in 1948, a similar pair of contracts were awarded to Portsmouth for and to Electric Boat for . They are named for six US submarines lost during World War II, of which most of their commanding officers were killed in action while combating Japanese surface vessels.


title: Tang-class submarine

text: In 1967, "Tang", "Wahoo", "Gudgeon", and "Harder" received an additional 15-foot () section (five additional frames between frames 42 and 43) to accommodate the BQG-4 Passive Underwater Fire Control Feasibility System (PUFFS) passive ranging sonar installation, with three tall domes added topside, and additional fire control equipment that enabled the use of the Mark 45 nuclear torpedo. This left the boats similar in size and capability to the GUPPY III conversions.


title: Tang-class submarine

text: Two boats of this class, TCG "Pirireis" (ex-"Tang") and TCG "Hizirreis" (ex-"Gudgeon"), are preserved as museum ships in Turkey. Ex-"Tang" is at the İnciraltı Sea Museum, in İzmir, and ex-"Gudgeon" is at the Kocaeli Museum Ships Command in Izmit.


title: Cascabela thevetia

text: Cascabela thevetia (syn: "Thevetia peruviana") is a poisonous plant native throughout Mexico and in Central America, and cultivated widely as an ornamental. It is a relative of "Nerium oleander", giving it a common name yellow oleander, and is also called lucky nut in the West Indies.


title: Cascabela thevetia

text: 'Cascabel', 'cascavel' or 'cascabela' is Spanish for a small bell, a snake's rattle or a rattlesnake itself. The allusion may also be to the plant's toxicity comparable to the venom of a rattlesnake. The latin specific name "thevetia" commemorates André de Thevet (1516-1590), a French Franciscan priest and explorer, who explored Brazil and Guiana (where the plant is known as chapéu-de-napoleão, ie, Napoleon's hat).


title: Cascabela thevetia

text: "Cascabela thevetia" is an evergreen tropical shrub or small tree. Its leaves are willow-like, linear-lanceolate, and glossy green in color. They are covered in waxy coating to reduce water loss (typical of oleanders). Its stem is green turning silver/gray as it ages. Flowers bloom from summer to fall. The long funnel-shaped sometimes-fragrant yellow (less commonly apricot, sometimes white) flowers are in few-flowered terminal clusters. Its fruit is deep red-black in color encasing a large seed that bears some resemblance to a 'Chinese lucky nut.'


title: Cascabela thevetia

text: "Cascabela thevetia" is commonly known as Kaneir or Kaner (कनेर) in Hindi language in India. It is effectively drought resistant and tolerant to high temperatures, hence found in various states of India like Andhra, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh , Odisha and Assam where semi arid climate is prevalent.


title: Cascabela thevetia

text: Its bright yellow flowers are used for religious purposes in India. The tree is native to Mexico and thus direct references to Hindu culture are new.


title: Cascabela thevetia

text: All parts of the "C. thevetia" plant are toxic to most vertebrates as they contain cardiac glycosides. Many cases of intentional and accidental poisoning of humans are known.


title: Cascabela thevetia

text: The main toxins are the cardenolides called thevetin A and thevetin B; others include peruvoside, neriifolin, thevetoxin and ruvoside. These cardenolides are not destroyed by drying or heating and they are very similar to digoxin from "Digitalis purpurea". They produce gastric and cardiotoxic effects. Antidotes for treatment include atropine and digoxin immune fabs (antibodies) and treatment may include oral administration of activated charcoal. Ovine polyclonal anti-digitoxin Fab fragment antibody (DigiTAb; Therapeutic Antibodies Inc.) can be used to treat "T. peruviana" poisoning, but for many countries the cost is prohibitive.


title: Cascabela thevetia

text: A few bird species are however known to feed on them without any ill effects. These include the sunbirds, Asian koel, red-whiskered bulbul, white-browed bulbul, red-vented bulbul, brahminy myna, common myna and common grey hornbill.


title: Cascabela thevetia

text: In South India and in Sri Lanka swallowing the seeds of "Thevetia peruviana" (Kaneru කණේරු (Sinhala), Manjal arali (Tamil)) is one of the preferred methods for suicides in villages where they are grown in abundance.


title: Cascabela thevetia

text: "Cascabela thevetia" is cultivated as an ornamental plant, and planted as large flowering shrub or small ornamental tree standards in gardens and parks in temperate climates. In frost prone areas it is container plant, in the winter season brought inside a greenhouse or as a house plant. It tolerates most soils and is drought tolerant.


title: Cascabela thevetia

text: The plant's toxins have tested in experiments for uses in biological pest control. "T. peruviana" seed oil was used to make a 'paint' with antifungal, antibacterial and anti-termite properties.


title: Conga (song)

text: "Conga" is the first hit single released by the American band Miami Sound Machine, led by Gloria Estefan, on their second English-language album, "Primitive Love". The song was written by the band's drummer and lead songwriter Enrique Garcia. The song first appeared on August 31, 1985, as part of the album. The single was released in Australia on September 9, 1985.


title: Conga (song)

text: "Conga" became a worldwide success and is recognized as the Miami Sound Machine and Gloria Estefan's signature song. The single reached the top 10 in various countries, including the United States and the Netherlands.


title: Conga (song)

text: According to Gloria Estefan in an interview in the Netherlands television show RTL Late Night, Conga was written after the band had performed "Dr. Beat" in a club called Cartouche in Utrecht, the Netherlands. "Conga" is written in the key of E minor.


title: Conga (song)

text: "Conga" was re-recorded as a new remix in 2001, including samples of "Dr. Beat" and "Rhythm Is Gonna Get You" and was released on Estefan's fourth compilation album. This new song was released as a promo single in Spain and titled "Y-Tu-Conga."


title: Conga (song)

text: A version of "Conga" arranged with Brazilian rhythms and instrumentation and renamed "Samba" is included in Estefan's 2020 album "Brazil305". A remix of "Conga" featuring Leslie Grace and Meek Mill was released in 2021 as a Bacardi sponsored and Boi-1da produced single.


title: Conga (song)

text: The single was released in 1985 and became a worldwide hit, reaching #10 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 and winning the Grand Prize at the 15th annual "Tokyo Music Festival" in Japan. The single was certified Gold by the RIAA in the U.S. for shipments of 500,000 copies. However, it wasn't a hit in the United Kingdom, failing to chart on the top 75.


title: Conga (song)

text: The video is set in the fictional Miami night club Copacabana, hosting a reception for an unspecified ambassador. After a boring piano recital, the Miami Sound Machine is announced as the next featured act (though Gloria insists the setting is not appropriate for the song). Despite the initial shock of his wife, the more upbeat song becomes a hit with the audience and ambassador. Clips of the original video feature in the video of Estefan's 2020 Brazilian themed version, "Samba".


title: Flag of Yemen

text: The flag of Yemen ( "Alam al-Yaman") was adopted on May 22, 1990, the day that North Yemen and South Yemen were unified. The flag is essentially the Arab Liberation Flag of 1952, introduced after the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 in which Arab nationalism was a dominant theme. The Arab Liberation Flag of 1952 served as the inspiration for the flags of both North and South Yemen prior to unification, as well as for the current flags of Egypt, Iraq, Sudan, Palestine and Syria.


title: Flag of Yemen

text: According to the official description, the red stands for unity and the bloodshed of martyrs, the white for a bright future, and the black for the supposed dark past. The flag is graphically identical to the flag of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1972.


title: Flag of Yemen

text: Before Yemen was unified into the present-day Republic of Yemen in 1990, it existed as two states, North and South Yemen.


title: Flag of Yemen

text: After its independence from the Ottoman Empire, the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen used a red flag with a sword and stars for most of its existence, from 1927 to 1962. When it became the Yemen Arab Republic in 1962, the flag adopted the Arab Liberation colors with one green star in the center of the white band. The 1962 flag (with or without the star) is used by the supporters of the Houthi movement in parts of North Yemen.


title: Flag of Yemen

text: The flag of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen in the South was the Arab Liberation Flag of 1952 with a sky-blue chevron with a red star (the emblem of the Yemeni Socialist Party) next to the hoist. The flag was adopted on 30 November 1967 when South Yemen declared independence from the United Kingdom until the Yemeni unification in 1990. It was used again for a few months in 1994 during the existence of the Democratic Republic of Yemen. Today, the South Yemeni flag is used by the separatist supporters from the Southern Movement and the Southern Transitional Council.