title: Federico Fazio

text: In his second year, they finished third but Fazio featured slightly less and saw time at both positions. He was mostly injured during the following season, making only ten league appearances (on 13 March 2010, he headed home in a 1–1 home draw against Deportivo de La Coruña). The Andalusians ended the league in the fourth place, also winning the Copa del Rey, but he was not picked for the final of the latter competition itself.


title: Federico Fazio

text: Still bothered with some physical problems in 2010–11, Fazio played the most he had in years, appearing in 19 games – 17 starts – as Sevilla ranked fifth and qualified to the Europa League.


title: Federico Fazio

text: Fazio signed for Tottenham Hotspur on 26 August 2014 for a fee of £8 million, on a four-year contract. On 18 October he started on his Premier League debut at Manchester City, but was given a straight red card for denying Sergio Agüero a goalscoring opportunity in the penalty area, in an eventual 4–1 defeat. On 6 November he met the same fate, after conceding a penalty with a foul on Jerónimo Barrales in the closing stages of a 2–1 away win over Asteras Tripolis F.C. in the Europa League group stage.


title: Federico Fazio

text: On 31 January 2016, after only one competitive game in the first part of the season (a 1–2 home loss to Arsenal in the League Cup) Fazio returned to Sevilla on a five-month loan. He was sent off after just 24 minutes on his debut for two bookable offences, in a 1–1 away draw with RC Celta de Vigo.


title: Federico Fazio

text: The decision to hand Fazio the number 16 shirt was controversial, as convention had previously been for only homegrown players to wear the number that Antonio Puerta wore when he died playing for the team in 2007.


title: Federico Fazio

text: On 3 August 2016, Fazio was loaned to A.S. Roma, with the Italians having the possibility of buying outright at the end of the campaign for €3.2 million. He made his Serie A debut 17 days later, playing ten minutes in a 4–0 home win against Udinese Calcio. A permanent deal was agreed on 15 July 2017.


title: Federico Fazio

text: Fazio tested positive for COVID-19 in November 2020. After the arrival of new manager José Mourinho, he did not receive any playing time and was ultimately made to train on his own; as a result, he took legal action against the club.


title: Federico Fazio

text: On 29 January 2022, shortly after initially rejecting an offer, Fazio signed a 2.5-year contract with U.S. Salernitana 1919.


title: Federico Fazio

text: Fazio was an integral part of the Argentina under-20 team that won the FIFA World Cup in 2007. The following year, he helped the Olympic team win gold at the Summer Olympics in Beijing: he played twice in the tournament, as backup for Nicolás Pareja and Ezequiel Garay.


title: Federico Fazio

text: On 1 June 2011, Fazio made his debut for the full side, appearing in a 4–1 friendly defeat in Nigeria. He scored his first goal for his country in another exhibition game, opening an eventual 6–0 win in Singapore on 13 June 2017.


title: Federico Fazio

text: Fazio was selected by manager Jorge Sampaoli for his 2018 FIFA World Cup squad. He made his debut in the competition on 30 June, coming on as a 46th-minute substitute for Marcos Rojo in a 4–3 round-of-16 loss against France.


title: Biasing

text: In electronics, biasing is the setting of DC (direct current) operating conditions (current and voltage) of an active device in an amplifier. Many electronic devices, such as diodes, transistors and vacuum tubes, whose function is processing time-varying (AC) signals, also require a steady (DC) current or voltage at their terminals to operate correctly. This current or voltage is called "bias". The AC signal applied to them is superposed on this DC bias current or voltage.


title: Biasing

text: The operating point of a device, also known as bias point, quiescent point, or Q-point, is the DC voltage or current at a specified terminal of an active device (a transistor or vacuum tube) with no input signal applied. A bias circuit is a portion of the device's circuit which supplies this steady current or voltage.


title: Biasing

text: In electronics, 'biasing' usually refers to a fixed DC voltage or current applied to a terminal of an electronic component such as a diode, transistor or vacuum tube in a circuit in which AC signals are also present, in order to establish proper operating conditions for the component. For example, a bias voltage is applied to a transistor in an electronic amplifier to allow the transistor to operate in a particular region of its transconductance curve. For vacuum tubes, a grid bias voltage is often applied to the grid electrodes for the same reason.


title: Biasing

text: In magnetic tape recording, the term "bias" is also used for a high-frequency signal added to the audio signal and applied to the recording head, to improve the quality of the recording on the tape. This is called tape bias.


title: Biasing

text: Linear circuits involving transistors typically require specific DC voltages and currents for correct operation, which can be achieved using a biasing circuit. As an example of the need for careful biasing, consider a transistor amplifier. In linear amplifiers, a small input signal gives larger output signal without any change in shape (low distortion): the input signal causes the output signal to vary up and down about the Q-point in a manner strictly proportional to the input. However, because the relationship between input and output for a transistor is not linear across its full operating range, the transistor amplifier only approximates linear operation. For low distortion, the transistor must be biased so the output signal swing does not drive the transistor into a region of extremely nonlinear operation. For a bipolar junction transistor amplifier, this requirement means that the transistor must stay in the active mode, and avoid cut-off or saturation. The same requirement applies to a MOSFET amplifier, although the terminology differs a little: the MOSFET must stay in the active mode, and avoid cutoff or ohmic operation.


title: Biasing

text: For bipolar junction transistors the bias point is chosen to keep the transistor operating in the "active" mode, using a variety of circuit techniques, establishing the Q-point DC voltage and current. A small signal is then applied on top of the bias. The Q-point is typically near the middle of the DC load line, so as to obtain the maximum available peak-to-peak signal amplitude without distortion due to clipping as the transistor reaches saturation or cut-off. The process of obtaining an appropriate DC collector current at a certain DC collector voltage by setting up the operating point is called biasing.


title: Biasing

text: Grid bias is the DC voltage provided at the control grid of a vacuum tube relative to the cathode for the purpose of establishing the zero input signal or steady state operating condition of the tube.


title: Biasing

text: There are many methods of achieving grid bias. Combinations of bias methods may be used on the same tube.


title: Biasing

text: Electret microphone elements typically include a junction field-effect transistor as an impedance converter to drive other electronics within a few meters of the microphone. The operating current of this JFET is typically 0.1 to 0.5 mA and is often referred to as bias, which is different from the phantom power interface which supplies 48 volts to operate the backplate of a traditional condenser microphone. Electret microphone bias is sometimes supplied on a separate conductor.


title: Say You Won't Let Go

text: "Say You Won't Let Go" is a song by English singer and songwriter James Arthur. The song was released as a digital download on 9 September 2016 in the United Kingdom by Columbia Records as the lead single from his second studio album "Back from the Edge" (2016). The single peaked at the top of the UK Singles Chart, a position it maintained for three weeks. Outside the United Kingdom, the single has topped the charts in Australia, New Zealand, Sweden and the Republic of Ireland. It also became his breakthrough hit in the US, peaking at number 11 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. In early March, it had gone double platinum in the UK. In May 2018, it was reported that The Script had launched legal proceedings against Arthur due to alleged copyright infringement in regards to the song.


title: Say You Won't Let Go

text: In response to claims that the song sounds similar to The Script's "The Man Who Can't Be Moved", the song's writers initially decided not to pursue legal action. However, following a claim in May 2018, they were successfully awarded a songwriting credit.


title: Say You Won't Let Go

text: On 12 September 2016, the song was at number 30 on "The Official Chart Update" in the United Kingdom. On 16 September 2016, the song entered the UK Singles Chart at number 25, and peaked at number one two weeks later, becoming Arthur's second number one and spending three consecutive weeks at the top. The song was ranked the nineteenth biggest-selling song of 2016 in the UK, making Arthur the biggest-selling British male artist of the year. By the second week of January 2017, it had surpassed the one million sales mark, making him the first-ever "X Factor" act to have two singles sell over a million copies in his homeland.


title: Say You Won't Let Go

text: In the United States, the song debuted at #100 on the date November 12, 2016. The song peaked at #11 for two non-consecutive weeks being kept out of the top 10 from Malibu by Miley Cyrus the first week and Congratulations by Post Malone the second week. It spent 52 weeks on the chart. The song is his first single to chart on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, making Arthur only the second winner of "The X Factor UK" to reach the US top 40 (following Leona Lewis) and only the third winner to chart on the Hot 100 following Lewis and Little Mix. In May 2017, the song reached No. 1 on the Adult Pop Songs Airplay Chart, more than six months after its release in the US. The song was also certified platinum in the US by the RIAA on May 18, 2017. The song has sold over 1,208,000 digital copies in the US as of September 2017. It was the eighth best-selling song of 2017 in the US, with 1,195,000 copies sold in 2017.


title: Say You Won't Let Go

text: On 15 September 2016, the song entered the Irish Singles Chart at number 91 before peaking at number one on 14 October and spending four non-consecutive weeks at the top of the charts. The song has also charted in Australia, France, New Zealand and Sweden. On February 26, 2017, it was announced on Channel 4's "Sunday Brunch" that the single had sold 2 million copies worldwide.


title: Say You Won't Let Go

text: A music video to accompany the release of "Say You Won't Let Go" was first released onto YouTube on 9 September 2016 at a total length of three minutes and thirty seconds. On YouTube it has received over 1.2 billion views.


title: Special relationship (international relations)

text: A special relationship is a diplomatic relationship that is especially strong and important. This term is usually used to refer to the relationship between the United States and the United Kingdom. In an extended use of the term, it has also been used to describe the whole of EU–US relations and the following relations:


title: Vagal tone

text: Vagal tone is activity of the vagus nerve, the 10th cranial nerve and a fundamental component of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system. This branch of the nervous system is not under conscious control and is largely responsible for the regulation of several body compartments at rest. Vagal activity results in various effects, including: heart rate reduction, vasodilation/constriction of vessels, glandular activity in the heart, lungs, and digestive tract, liver, immune system regulation as well as control of gastrointestinal sensitivity, motility and inflammation.


title: Vagal tone

text: In this context, tone specifically refers to the continual nature of baseline parasympathetic action that the vagus nerve exerts. While baseline vagal input is constant, the degree of stimulation it exerts is regulated by a balance of inputs from sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, with parasympathetic activity generally being dominant. Vagal tone is frequently used to assess heart function, and is also useful in assessing emotional regulation and other processes that alter, or are altered by, changes in parasympathetic activity.


title: Vagal tone

text: Measurements of vagal tone can be performed by means of either invasive or noninvasive procedures. Invasive procedures are in the minority and include vagus nerve stimulation by specific manual, breathing or electrical techniques. Noninvasive techniques mainly rely on the investigation of heart rate and heart rate variability.


title: Vagal tone

text: In most cases, vagal tone is not measured directly. Instead the processes affected by the vagus nerve – specifically heart rate and heart rate variability – are measured and used as a surrogate for vagal tone. Increased vagal tone (and thus vagal action) is generally associated with a lower heart rate and increased heart rate variability. However, during graded orthostatic tilt, vagal tone withdrawal is an indirect indicator of cardiovascular fitness.


title: Vagal tone

text: Heart rate is largely controlled by the heart's internal pacemaker activity. In a healthy heart, the main pacemaker is a collection of cells on the border of the atria and vena cava called the sinoatrial node. Heart cells exhibit automaticity, the ability to generate electrical activity independent of external stimulation. The electrical activity spontaneously generated by the sinoatrial node sets the pace for the rest of the heart.


title: Vagal tone

text: In absence of external stimuli, sinoatrial pacing generally, while awake, maintains the heart rate in the range of 60–100 beats per minute (bpm). The two branches of the autonomic nervous system work together to increase or slow the heart rate. The vagus nerve acts on the sinoatrial node, slowing its conduction and modulating vagal tone, via the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and downstream changes to ionic currents and calcium of heart cells. Because of its effect on heart rate, and cardio health, vagal tone can be measured and understood by examining its correlation to heart rate modulation and heart rate variability.


title: Vagal tone

text: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is typically a benign, normal variation in heart rate that occurs during each breathing cycle: the heart rate increases when breathing in and decreases when breathing out. RSA was first recognized by Carl Ludwig in 1847 but is still imperfectly understood. It has been observed in humans from the early stages of life through adulthood, and is found in several different species.


title: Vagal tone

text: During inhalation, the intra-thoracic pressure lowers due to the contraction and downward movement of the diaphragm and the expansion of the chest cavity. Atrial pressure is also lowered as a result, causing increased blood flow to the heart, which in turn decreases baroreceptors firing response which diminishes vagal tone. This causes an increase in heart rate.


title: Vagal tone

text: During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes, moving upward, and decreases the size of the chest cavity, causing an increase in intrathoracic pressure. This increase in pressure inhibits venous return to the heart resulting in both reduced atrial expansion and increased activation of baroreceptors. This relieves the suppression of vagal tone and leads to a decreased heart rate.


title: Vagal tone

text: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is frequently used as a noninvasive method for investigating vagal tone, in physiological, behavioral, and several clinical studies. This can be done using electrocardiography (ECG) recording, although other methods are also being developed that take advantage of the interactions between ECG and respiration. Interpretation of RSA measurements must be done with care, however, as several factors including differences between individuals can change the relationship between RSA and vagal tone.


title: Vagal tone

text: It has been suggested that RSA may have evolved to save energy for both cardiac and respiratory systems by reducing the heart rate and by suppressing ineffective ventilation during the ebb of perfusion (delivery of blood from arteries to capillaries for oxygenation and nutrition).


title: Vagal tone

text: RSA has been found to increase in subjects in resting state and to decrease in states of stress or tension. It is increased in supine position and decreased in prone position, and is on average higher and more pronounced during the day as compared to the night. RSA has also been extensively used to quantify vagal tone withdrawal in graded orthostatic tilt.


title: Vagal tone

text: Typically, expression of RSA decreases with age. However, adults in excellent cardiovascular health, such as endurance runners, swimmers, and cyclists, are likely to have a more pronounced RSA. Professional athletes on average maintain very high vagal tone and consequently higher RSA levels. RSA is less prominent in individuals with diabetes and cardiovascular disease.


title: Vagal tone

text: Vagal tone research has the potential to offer insight into social behavior, social interactions, and human psychology. Much of this work has been focused on newborns and children. Baseline vagal tone can be used either as a potential predictor of behavior or as a signal of mental health (particularly emotion regulation, anxiety, and internalizing and externalizing disorders).


title: Vagal tone

text: The polyvagal theory by Porges is an influential model of how the vagal pathways respond to novelty and to stressful external stimuli. The theory proposes that there are two vagal systems, one that is shared with reptiles and amphibia and a second, more recent, system that is unique to mammals. The two pathways behave differently and can work against each other. This theory can account for several psychophysiological phenomena and psychosomatic illnesses. However, recent studies indicate that the vagal "system" described by Porges as being unique to mammals existed long before the evolution of mammals.


title: Vagal tone

text: RSA and vagal tone are used as markers to help determine the severity of neurodevelopmental disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorders. Children with more secure attachments with their mothers exhibited greater empathetic responsiveness, less social inhibition, and higher vagal tone.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: The fourteenth season of "American Idol", also known as American Idol XIV, premiered on the Fox television network on January 7, 2015. Ryan Seacrest continues his role as host, while Jennifer Lopez, Keith Urban and Harry Connick Jr. returned for their respective fourth, third and second times as judges. Randy Jackson stepped down as mentor, being replaced by Scott Borchetta. Long-time sponsor Coca-Cola ended its relationship with the show. This was the fourth season to have an all-male finale and the third season where the final two contestants had never been in the bottom group prior to the finale.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: Before the finale, it was announced that the fifteenth season would be the last of the reality show. Since the series began in 2002 it peaked in viewership at 30 million viewers per episode in 2006, slipping to 20 million viewers per episode in 2011, and down further since with an average of about 9.15 million viewers per episode in 2015.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: The fourteenth season of "American Idol" featured a number of major changes to its format and talent. Some of these changes came in response to the falling popularity and viewership of "Idol" in comparison to NBC's competing series "The Voice"; viewership of the thirteenth season had fallen by 27%. Former judge Randy Jackson, who served as a mentor on the previous season, left the show and was succeeded by Big Machine Records founder Scott Borchetta. In May 2014, Ryan Seacrest signed a two-year extension to remain host of "Idol" through 2016, which would be the show's final season. Long-time sponsor Coca-Cola ended its relationship with the series, and the Ford Motor Company maintained a reduced role.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: To evaluate their ability to perform in front of a live audience, the final 48 contestants participated in a private concert at the House of Blues in West Hollywood before being cut to 24. Separate results shows during the top 12 round were discontinued, in favor of a single two-hour broadcast on Wednesday nights; results from the previous week were revealed during the following week's show, similarly to "Dancing with the Stars". A new feature known as the "Fan Save" was also introduced, in which viewers could vote via Twitter to decide which of the bottom two singers from the previous week would advance.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: Beginning in the top eight, American Idol introduced the Twitter-powered Idol Fan Save, similar to the "Instant Save" first introduced in another show "The Voice". At some point during every show, the two contestants who received the lowest votes from the previous week were revealed. The bottom two contestants then performed in exactly the same format as the safe contestants. However, after the performances were completed, the viewers only had five minutes to vote by tweeting about which of the bottom two contestants should be saved; one contestant with a higher vote count will receive the save and eliminating the other. Viewers in the Eastern and Central time zones vote during the live broadcasts; due to taping delays, viewers in the Mountain and Pacific time zones are cued to vote to save contestants on the show's official Twitter account during the live East coast broadcast.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: For the New York auditions, Adam Lambert replaced Urban who took time off to be with his wife, Nicole Kidman, after the death of her father.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: The American Idol "Audition Bus Tour" visit the cities of: Portland, Oregon; Portland, Maine; Reno, Nevada; Columbus, Ohio; Richmond, Virginia; Albuquerque, New Mexico; Amarillo, Texas; Myrtle Beach, South Carolina; Branson, Missouri; Tallahassee, Florida; and Kansas City, Missouri.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: Hollywood Week aired in four parts over two weeks. They were filmed in late October 2014. Contestants participated in three rounds: lines of ten, groups and solos. The judges also asked some of the most notable contestants to sing for them at the beginning of the rounds, surprising many of them, but they all advanced. After Hollywood Week, contestants performed in the Showcase round in front of a live audience at the House of Blues in Los Angeles.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: The semi-finals began on February 25, 2015, and continued for four episodes. They were filmed at The Fillmore in Detroit, Michigan. They top 24 episodes were filmed February 19, 2015. The male contestants aired on Wednesday, February 25, 2015. The female contestants aired on Thursday, February 26, 2015. Those who obtained the most votes per gender group advanced onto the Top 16 and sang a song from Motown to hopefully advance further the following week. The top 16 episodes were filmed March 4, 2015, and March 5, 2015. After ten contestants were chosen to perform in the finals based on the public vote, the six semi-finalists were eligible for their Instant Wildcard pick. The judges only picked two contestants to perform in the finals.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: The following is a list of Top 24 semi-finalists who were not selected to perform and failed to reach the second round of the semi-finals:


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: In this season, there were ten weeks of the finals, consisting of eleven live shows, and twelve finalists, with one finalist eliminated per week based on the American public's votes. They were filmed at CBS Television City in Hollywood, California. Scott Borchetta replaced Randy Jackson as finalists' in-house mentor.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: Sarina-Joi Crowe performed "Neon Lights" in the Top 11 night for the Judges' Save. However, the judges chose not save her, resulting in her elimination.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: Beginning this week, the studio versions of each contestant performance were available at iTunes. Also introduced this week is "Fan Save" where the bottom two contestants will compete via tweets to save a contestant from elimination. The "Fan Save" run for the next four weeks until Top 5.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: Daniel Seavey performed "Breakaway" in the Top 8 night for the Twitter fan save. He was part of the Top 9 week's Bottom two alongside Rayvon Owen. However, he was eliminated and did not advance.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: Qaasim Middletion performed "Hey Ya!" in the Top 7 night for the Twitter fan save. He was part of the Top 8 week's Bottom two alongside Rayvon Owen. However, he was eliminated and did not advance.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: For the first time in the competition, each finalist performed two songs. Joey Cook performed "My Funny Valentine" and "Somebody to Love" in the Top 6 night for the Twitter fan save. She was part of the Top 7 week's Bottom two alongside Rayvon Owen. However, she was eliminated and did not advance.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: The "American Idol Tour" which in years past included the top ten on tour had changed to include only the top five finalists so this week the finalists who moved forward were considered as part of the annual summer tour of "AI" finalists. Quentin Alexander performed "Light My Fire" and "Shake It Out" in the Top 5 night for the Twitter fan save. He was part of the Top 6 week's Bottom two alongside Rayvon Owen. However, he was eliminated and did not advance.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: Contestants performed three songs, a song decided by in-house mentor Scott Borchetta, one dedicating for the hometown, and one selected by the judges. Rayvon Owen performed "Want to Want Me", "As", and "You Are So Beautiful" in the Top 3 night for a spot in the top three. However, he have revealed to have a lower vote count and did not advance.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: National media outlets reported on an exchange between judge Harry Connick Jr. and contestant Quentin Alexander noting the incident of Connick scolding a contestant was awkward. On the live airing of the Top 6 show, there was three contestants who had not been saved when Alexander was chosen. After he performed, host Ryan Seacrest noted that he appeared to be upset. When asked Alexander responded "This sucks, We've got two of the best vocalists, my best friend [Joey Cook] sitting over there. This whole thing is whack, but I'm going to shut up right now." Seacrest then replied saying that this is a competition, and with the save anything could happen. When Alexander had left the stage, Connick Jr. said, "Quentin, if it's that whack, then you can always go home, because "Idol" is paying a lot of money to give you this experience and for you to say that to this hand that is feeding you right now, I think is highly disrespectful." Alexander was then prompted by the producers to return to the stage where he approached the judges and clarified he meant the two being potentially eliminated was whack, not the show, or the experience. Later, after performing his second song, he explained "I understand that these things are going to happen, and I just didn't want my friend to leave" and apologized. Judge Jennifer Lopez empathized with Alexander's emotions running high but said that as an artist he had to learn to work through that even when it happens to put on the performance. Joey Cook commented after being eliminated on Alexander's statements: I pretty much just told him what he did was beautiful, in my opinion, and it was the perfect representation of him. Quentin is a very emotional person. He’s very 'all cards on the table.' There is no sugar coating. He doesn’t hide his emotions. He’s honest. He’s a raw human being, and I think what happened last night was the perfect example of that and how emotional of a person he is.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: The producers played up the exchange in what "Music Times" termed "what seemed like shady circumstances" to replay the incident throughout the week in show promos and at the beginning of the Top 5 show. An "AI" source also stated that for fairness purposes the judges and contestants have a strict wall of silence between them and only interact onstage so Connick Jr. and Alexander have not had contact since last week. Alexander was eliminated the next show the following week with what "Music Times" questioned as possibly the first time "American Idol" "went into an episode with what seemed to be a very clear agenda." "Yahoo"'s managing editor Lyndsey Parker detailed many points that she argued was "American Idol" "throwing Quentin Alexander under the tour bus" referring to the idiom of throw under the bus by sacrificing a friend as the show heavily promotes the summer tour which only guarantees the top five finalists will be included. Included in her critique was that the show had aired the promotional video featuring the confrontation which she characterized as "misleadingly edited" to boost ratings which have been historically low, had a surprisingly few negative judges comments, and instead lavish praise for other contestants while Alexander's was pointedly negative, and what Parker saw as a "backhanded and unflattering" exchange from Connick Jr. insinuating Alexander needed Auto-Tune. She also noted that the "Fan Save" portion was handled uniquely in that the other contestant Rayvon Owen didn't have a replay or critique until after a commercial break, while Alexander did not get the same treatment, and host Ryan Seacrest claimed Alexander had muttered "I give up" which Alexander had to clarify was actually "I give "it" up." "USA Today" echoed the sentiment stating that the awkward moments probably led to his elimination.


title: American Idol (season 14)

text: The season premiere was watched by 11.2 million viewers; down 25% from the thirteenth season's premiere (which had an audience of 15.19 million viewers). However, it was up 6.3% from the thirteenth season's finale (which had an audience of 10.53 million viewers), the second time in the show's history. Currently, the most-viewed episode this season was the "Minneapolis Auditions," which aired on January 21, 2015, and the episode with the fewest viewers tuning in was the "Top 7 Perform: Billboard Hits," which aired on April 8, 2015. This episode now takes the top spot as the least-viewed and worst-rated "American Idol" episode ever, with 6.58 viewers. The title was previously held by the thirteenth season's "The Final 2," which was watched by 6.76 million viewers on May 20, 2014. The average viewership in millions for the audition episodes was 10.84. The "Top 10 Perform: Movie Night" episode was moved to Thursday night, to make way for the two-hour finale of "Empire." This season, there was a two part finale, with the first of two parts airing on Tuesday, May 12, 2015, at 9/8c. The second of the two-part-finale aired on Wednesday, May 13, 2015, at 8/7c.


title: Scam baiting

text: Scam baiting (or scambaiting) is a form of internet vigilantism primarily used towards advance-fee fraud, IRS impersonation scam, technical support scams, pension scams, and consumer financial fraud.


title: Scam baiting

text: Scambaiters pose as potential victims to waste the time and resources of scammers, gather information useful to authorities, and publicly expose scammers. They may document scammers' tools and methods, warn potential victims, provide discussion forums, disrupt scammers' devices and systems using remote access trojans and computer viruses, or take down fraudulent webpages. Some scambaiters are motivated by a sense of civic duty, some simply engage for their own amusement, or a combination of both.


title: Scam baiting

text: For scams conducted via written communication, baiters may answer scam emails using throwaway email accounts, pretending to be receptive to scammers' offers.


title: Scam baiting

text: Popular methods of accomplishing the first objective are to ask scammers to fill out lengthy questionnaires; to bait scammers into taking long trips; to encourage the use of poorly made props or inappropriate English-language idioms that surreptitiously cast doubt upon their scams.


title: Scam baiting

text: Baiters may deceive scammers with claims as ludicrous as the ones they have used to defraud their victims; or they may entrap them with Trojan horses, such as remote administration tools, that enable baiters to gain sensitive information from or damage scammers' computers. Baiters may publicly humiliate scammers by live streaming their sessions or persuading them to produce humiliating images colloquially known as "trophies". Some of the images that were uploaded to early scam baiting websites have been described as reinforcing racist stereotypes. However, modern day scam baiting content is primarily centred around education on how the scams work and how to prevent falling victim to scams.


title: Scam baiting

text: In May 2004, a Something Awful forum poster asked for advice on how to deal with a bogus escrow scam from a buyer on eBay. Since the eBay auction was for an Apple PowerBook G4, the poster sent a three-ring binder crudely dressed as a PowerBook and declared it to customs at the value of a real product. The buyer, who lived overseas, paid several hundred dollars in import duties to claim the fake laptop. A member of the scambaiting website 419eater.com was able to convince a scammer to send him a wooden replica of a Commodore 64.


title: Scam baiting

text: In February 2011, the Belgian television show "Basta" portrayed, with hidden cameras, how a scammer was fooled during a meeting with baiters, raising the stakes by involving a one-armed man, two dwarves and a pony. Eventually, a police raid was faked, during which the baiters were arrested and the scammer went free, abandoning the money, and without any suspicion.


title: Scam baiting

text: In January 2014, members of 419eater.com appeared in two segments of the Channel 4 show "Secrets of the Scammers". In the first segment scambaiters persuaded a scammer to travel from London to a remote location in Cornwall by train and taxi to meet a victim (played by a baiter) and collect payment for a gold deal. In the second segment a female scammer met with two scambaiters posing as victims in Trafalgar Square to pass them a fake check. This scammer was subsequently questioned by the police.


title: Scam baiting

text: In 2015 and 2016, James Veitch hosted three TED talks about scambaiting. Veitch also presented the Mashable video series "Scamalot" on YouTube.


title: Scam baiting

text: In March 2020, an anonymous YouTuber and grey hat hacker under the alias "Jim Browning" infiltrated and gathered drone and CCTV footage of a fraudulent call centre scam operation in India with the help of fellow YouTube personality Karl Rock. Through the aid of the British documentary programme "Panorama", a police raid was carried out when the documentary was brought to the attention of assistant police commissioner Karan Goel, leading to the arrest of call centre operator Amit Chauhan, who also operated a fraudulent travel agency under the name "Faremart Travels".


title: Scam baiting

text: YouTube and Twitch are popular sources scambaiters use to educate and/or entertain their audience about various types of scams.


title: Jeff Rawle

text: Jeffrey Alan Rawle (born 20 July 1951) is an English actor. He is known for portraying George Dent in the news-gathering sitcom "Drop the Dead Donkey". He also portrayed Silas Blissett in "Hollyoaks" from December 2010 until 2012. Rawle returned to "Hollyoaks" in 2016, 2020 and 2022.


title: Jeff Rawle

text: Rawle was born on 20 July 1951 in Birmingham, West Midlands, England. His first secondary school was King Edward VI School in Aston, Birmingham. When he was 15 his family moved to Sheffield, and it was at High Storrs Grammar School that he first became interested in drama when he appeared in school plays. He worked at the Sheffield Playhouse before training at LAMDA.


title: Jeff Rawle

text: Rawle landed his first major role in 1973 as Billy in the television version of Keith Waterhouse and Willis Hall's "Billy Liar". In 1979, he appeared with Ian McKellen and Tom Bell in "Bent" at the Criterion Theatre, London. In 1984, he appeared in the "Doctor Who" story "Frontios" as the character Plantaganet. He appeared in "Faith in the Future" on ITV from 1995 to 1998. In 2004, Rawle began appearing in the ITV series "Doc Martin" as Roger Fenn. The actor went on to make a guest appearance in the fourth episode of the fourth series of "New Tricks" as lawyer Jonathan Blunt. The following year, he starred in the fourth series of "Spooks" as the Home Secretary. He also appeared in "Ultimate Force" – "Never Go Back" alongside Ross Kemp.


title: Jeff Rawle

text: Rawle portrayed Amos Diggory, father to Cedric Diggory (Robert Pattinson), in "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire". 2008 saw Rawle play Gilbert Murray in the National Theatre's production of Tony Harrison's play "Fram". The following year, he guested in "The Bill" and appeared in "The Sarah Jane Adventures" on CBBC. During 2010, Rawle joined the cast of "Hollyoaks" in the role of serial killer Silas Blissett. He stated that he was delighted to be playing such a sinister character. He has won various awards for his portrayal of Silas. He initially left the role in 2012 before making guest returns from January to May 2016, October 2020 to January 2021. He reprised the role in September 2022, where his character was finally killed off by his grandson, Bobby.


title: Jeff Rawle

text: In October 2012, it was announced Rawle had joined the cast of "Doctors" as Rory Bishton, a road sweeper with something to hide. Rawle made his screen debut as Rory in early 2013. He had previously appeared in the series in 2004.


title: Jeff Rawle

text: Rawle has provided numerous narrations including "A Bear Called Paddington", three series of the Duchess of York's "Budgie the Little Helicopter", Stephen Hawking's "Universe" and Tom Fort's "The Grass is Always Greener" for BBC Radio 4. Rawle's writing credits include "The Young Poisoner's Handbook" in 1995 and "Who Goes There?"


title: César Awards

text: The César Award is the national film award of France. It is delivered in the "" ceremony and was first awarded in 1976. The nominations are selected by the members of twelve categories of filmmaking professionals and supported by the French Ministry of Culture. The nationally televised award ceremony is held in Paris each year in February. The exact location has changed over the years (in the Théâtre du Châtelet from 2002 to 2016). It is an initiative of the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma, which was founded in 1975.


title: César Awards

text: The César Award is considered the highest film honor in France, the French film industry's equivalent to the Molière Award for theatre, and the Victoires de la Musique for music. In cinema, it is the French equivalent to the Academy Award.


title: César Awards

text: The award was created by Georges Cravenne, who was also the creator of the Molière Award for theatre. The name of the award comes from the sculptor César Baldaccini (1921–1998) who designed it.


title: César Awards

text: The 47th César Awards ceremony took place on 25 February 2022. "Lost Illusions", directed by Xavier Giannoli, won the award for Best Film.


title: César Awards

text: In 1974, Georges Cravenne founded the Academy of Arts and Techniques of Cinema that was, from the outset, intended to reward the achievements and the most remarkable film artwork, to have a French equivalent to the American Oscars. The first César Awards – also known as the "Night of Caesar" – were held on 3 April 1976 under the chairmanship of Jean Gabin who watched the ceremony from the front row seated in a wheelchair a few months before his death. The name of the award comes from the sculptor César, designer of the trophy awarded to the winners in each category. It is also an homage to the Raimu, the great French actor and performer of Marseille trilogy of Marcel Pagnol, in which Raimu played the character of César.


title: César Awards

text: The César Awards replaced the , which was awarded from 1955 to 1975. Other prizes had been awarded to French cinema in the past. From 1934 to 1986, the , established by film pioneer Louis Lumière, was given to one film a year. In the 1950s, the was awarded each June. Lacking popular enthusiasm compared to the Étoile de cristal, this award was discontinued after 1964.


title: César Awards

text: At the inaugural César Awards, 13 awards were distributed. Today, there are 22 (in nine subcategories). Categories added in recent years include Most Promising Actor/Actress ("Meilleur espoir"), Best Documentary ("Meilleur documentaire") and Best Animated Film ("Meilleur film d'animation"), while awards honoring the best film poster and best producer have been dropped, as they are now given at a sister ceremony, the .


title: César Awards

text: Beginning with the 43rd César ceremony in 2018, a new special award, the César du public, is given to the French film with the most box office receipts during the previous year and the beginning of the current year. This award responds to the need to reward French comedy films, which remain the most popular genre in France.


title: César Awards

text: During the 45th ceremony in 2020, Adèle Haenel, a French actress playing the main character in "Portrait of a Lady on Fire" left the room when Roman Polanski's award for best director was announced in protest against the fact that notable sexual abusers in the film industry can receive awards when their victims are reduced to silence. Polanski was convicted of unlawful sexual intercourse with a 13-year-old in California in 1978, and has additionally been accused of other incidents of rape.


title: César Awards

text: The César statues are compressed sculptures of metal objects, designed in 1975 by the sculptor César Baldaccini, a friend of Georges Cravenne who gave them their name as a wink to the Oscars, the sound of the name being close to the film "César" by Pagnol. These forged pieces are made from polished natural bronze, unlike the Oscars which are plated in gold. The latter directly inspired the first AATC trophy in 1976, which was a reel of film encircling a silhouette. In 1977, before a mixed reception of actors, Baldaccini unveiled the current 8 by 8 cm compression, weighing 3.6 kg and cast in the Bocquel foundry in Normandy. The cost of a César has not been officially revealed, but is estimated at around 1,500 euros.


title: César Awards

text: Voting for César Awards is conducted through two ballots by mail: the first to establish nominations per category (three to five, depending on the discipline), and the second to decide the winner.


title: César Awards

text: Voters are professionals in the field, numbering about 4,000, divided into 12 colleges (actors, directors, writers, technicians, producers, distributors and international vendors, operators, agents artistic, technical industries, casting directors, press officers and members associates). The criteria for voting are: demonstrate a relatively consistent career in film and get a double sponsorship in the Académie des arts et techniques du cinéma. Nominees or winners of the previous editions are exempt from these formalities.


title: César Awards

text: To aid voters, the Académie identifies each year films released in France and provides a guide to the works and eligible professionals. A DVD set of French or primarily French productions produced during the year is sent in December with the catalog of films to the electors. After the nominations are revealed, at the end of January, special screenings of the nominated films are shown at the Le Balzac cinema in Paris, near the Champs-Élysées. Each year, a special lunch () for nominees is held at the famous Fouquet's restaurant on the Champs-Élysées, a few weeks before the ceremony.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: Jack Edward Miller (born April 2, 1982), better known by the ring name Jack Evans, is an American professional wrestler. Throughout his career, he has wrestled for numerous promotions around the world, including Calgary's Stampede Wrestling, Ring of Honor, Dragon Gate, Combat Zone Wrestling, Lucha Underground, Pro Wrestling Guerrilla, Pro Wrestling Noah, Wrestling Society X and All Elite Wrestling (AEW). He is a former PWG World Tag Team Champion and winner of the 2008 Dynamite Duumvirate Tag Team Title Tournament (with Roderick Strong).


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: Evans made his debut in September 2000 against Tiger Redding. He then began wrestling in the Matrats promotion, which was set up by Eric Bischoff. In mid-2003, Evans broke his ankle, before competing for Stampede Wrestling after recovering. He also wrestled for Major League Wrestling (MLW) in 2003 and early 2004. He challenged for the MLW Junior Heavyweight Championship, losing a singles match to the champion Sonjay Dutt, and also unsuccessfully participating in a four-way match, also involving Dutt, Puma and Chasyn Rance. During his time in MLW, he also wrestled under a mask as "Dark Fuego" to team with Pete Wilson.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: Evans made his Ring of Honor debut on November 1, 2003, at "Main Event Spectacles", where he wrestled in a Scramble Cage match with Teddy Hart, won by The Backseat Boyz, and which also included Special K, The S.A.T., and The Carnage Crew. The match was highly praised, and featuring Evans performing a 720° moonsault off the top of the cage, making him one of the first people to do a moonsault with two full rotations. Following the match, Evans was involved in an altercation with Samoa Joe.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: On May 22, 2004, Evans turned into a villainous character by joining Generation Next faction with Alex Shelley, Austin Aries, and Roderick Strong. Generation Next felt that they were the top athletes in ROH, and they were going to take the top spots in the company any way they could. For the rest of 2004, Generation Next feuded with the likes of the Second City Saints and Ricky Steamboat, as well as others in the ROH roster. At "Final Battle", Aries confronted Shelley after he lost a tag match with Strong to CM Punk and Steve Corino. Aries told Shelley to step down as the leader of Generation Next, and then attacked him before Shelley could answer. Strong pulled Aries off Shelley, but then turned around and helped in the beat down. Evans was not present for the event and did not return for the next several shows, leaving into questioning if he would side with Shelley or Aries and Strong. He returned at part one of the "Third Anniversary Show" on February 19, 2005, teaming up with Strong to face The Ring Crew Express, The Carnage Crew, and Special K (Izzy and Deranged) in a Scramble Cage match. On February 26, Evans lost in a match against Alex Shelley. Following the match, all three members of Generation Next attacked Shelley.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: On December 12, 2004, Blitzkrieg gave his gimmick and mask to Evans. Since then, Evans competes on occasion as Blitzkrieg II.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: On March 5, Generation Next competed in the Trios Tournament. They won their first two matches, defeating the team of Davey Andrews, Shane Hagadorn, and Anthony Franco (students of the Ring of Honor wrestling school) in the first round, and the team of the Second City Saints (CM Punk and Colt Cabana) and Steve Corino in the second round. Generation Next lost in the finals, however, against The Rottweilers (Homicide, Ricky Reyes and Rocky Romero).


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: Generation Next spent most of 2005 feuding with Alex Shelley. Shelley, due to his actions while he was the leader of Generation Next, was unable to find many allies in the ROH locker room and was left to defend himself against Generation Next. Eventually, Prince Nana offered him a spot in The Embassy, but he refused, although he soon changed his mind. Shelley joining the Embassy turned Generation Next into faces and the two factions continued to wage war on each other for the rest of the year. On August 12, Generation Next added Matt Sydal to the group, as well as his valet Daizee Haze. Generation Next soon had another valet when Jade Chung, tired of the way she was being abused by Prince Nana, turned on the Embassy. On November 5, Haze betrayed Generation Next and joined the Embassy. The Generation Next/Embassy feud ended on December 3, in a steel cage elimination match, with Generation Next emerging victorious.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: In 2004, wrestling promoter and personality "Coach" Scott D'Amore brought together fellow Canadians to form his own incarnation of Team Canada in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) for 2004 American and World X-Cup Tournaments. Evans, despite being American, was added to the team, which was composed of Teddy Hart as team captain and both Johnny Devine and Petey Williams as his teammates. When the World X-Cup was announced, the team was revamped to add power to the speed and agility in the previous incarnation of the team, with Hart and Evans being replaced by Eric Young and Bobby Roode. The team made it to the finals, which was an Ultimate X match, but lost to Team USA (Jerry Lynn, Chris Sabin, Christopher Daniels and Elix Skipper).


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: As part of the working agreement between AAA and TNA, Evans made his return to TNA on June 28, 2011 at the tapings of the edition of July 7 of "Impact Wrestling", defeating Jesse Sorensen and Tony Nese in a three–way match to advance to a four–way match for a TNA contract at Destination X. At the pay-per-view, Evans was defeated in the finals by Austin Aries.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: That same month, Evans and Roderick Strong toured Japan with the Dragon Gate promotion. Starting in April 2006, Evans moved to Japan for three months to train and wrestle with the Dragon Gate promotion. In Dragon Gate, Evans became a member of CIMA's Blood Generation faction. 2006 brought changes for Evans and ROH, as Austin Aries and Roderick Strong were the tag team champions while Evans and Matt Sydal began to work more in Japan. On March 30, Generation Next lost to the Dragon Gate stable Blood Generation. With Sydal and Evans touring in Japan, Roderick Strong and Austin Aries announced at the June 3 Ring of Honor show that there was no longer a need for Generation Next. Evans teamed with Aries, Strong, and Sydal one last time on July 29 at "Generation Now", losing to the team of Davey Richards, Jerelle Clark, and The Irish Airborne. Following with match, Evans, Aries, Strong, and Sydal laid down their Generation Next shirts in the middle of the ring, officially ending Generation Next. Evans stayed in Japan for the rest of 2006, wrestling for Dragon Gate. He returned to ROH on January 26, 2007 in Braintree, Massachusetts, defeating Eddie Edwards.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: After returning to ROH, Evans began feuding with Roderick Strong and his No Remorse Corps faction. In order to combat the numbers of the No Remorse Corps, Evans enlisted Ruckus, Jigsaw and Julius Smokes to form his own faction known as The Vulture Squad. Evans announced Ruckus and Smokes as members on August 25, at "Manhattan Mayhem II" after competing against Austin Aries and Strong in a triple threat match, won by Aries, and Jigsaw joined a few weeks later. On December 20 at "Final Battle 2007", Mercedes Martinez joined The Vulture Squad, and Evans named her "The Booty Vulture". The Vulture Squad was scheduled to face The Briscoe Brothers at "Breakout" in January 2008, but Evans suffered a severe facial injury in Dragon Gate due to a kick from Human Tornado prior to the event while Ruckus missed the show due to pneumonia. They were instead replaced with Vulture Squad member Jigsaw and Matt Cross.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: In 2006, Evans taped episodes on Wrestling Society X, which aired on MTV in 2007. In the company's first televised match on the inaugural episode, Evans defeated Matt Sydal. On the following episode, he defeated El Hombre Blanco Enmascarado. In a later episode he defeated Scorpio Sky. His most notable feud was with the Human Tornado. The two tied in a "dance off" and had a 10-minute time limit draw on the ninth episode of the show.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: In 2008, Evans joined AAA as a member of the villainous group La Legión Extranjera (The Foreign Legion), led by Konnan. Upon joining AAA, Evans began re-teaming with Teddy Hart as The Hart Foundation 2.0. During this time, Evans along with Hart came close to winning the AAA World Tag Team Championships on several occasions.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: Starting in May and throughout the beginning of June 2009, Evans and Hart began to have issues as a team. After a match in a tournament for the Cruiserweight Championship against Xtreme Tiger, the team finally broke up. After the breakup, many members of La Legión assaulted Evans before ousting him from the group. Following his departure from the group, Evans joined Team AAA and thus became a fan favorite, representing the named owner of AAA who was fighting Konnan for control of the company. At Triplemania XVII Evans and Team AAA defeated La Legión Extranjera to win control of AAA and force Konnan out of the company. Evans returned to Ring of Honor on December 19, 2009, at the company's first live pay-per-view, Final Battle 2009, where he defeated his AAA nemesis, Teddy Hart.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: On June 6, 2010, at Triplemania XVIII Evans defeated Christopher Daniels, Extreme Tiger and Nosawa in a four-way elimination match to win the AAA Cruiserweight Championship. On March 21, 2011, Evans teamed with Extreme Tiger to defeat "Los Maniacos" (Silver King and Último Gladiador) for the AAA World Tag Team Championship, making Evans a double champion. Evans and Tiger made their first successful defense of the title on June 18 at Triplemanía XIX, defeating the TNA team of Abyss and Mr. Anderson in a steel cage match. On September 16, the 467th day of his reign as the AAA Cruiserweight Champion, Evans made his first title defense, defeating Escoria. On October 9 at Héroes Inmortales, Evans and Tiger lost the AAA World Tag Team Championship to Abyss and Chessman in a Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match. Afterwards, Evans began feuding with "Los Perros del Mal" leader El Hijo del Perro Aguayo, pinning him in back-to-back tag team matches on November 14 and 26. On December 16 at Guerra de Titanes, Evans and Aguayo continued their rivalry in a six-man tag team match, during which they busted each other open. Eventually, Aguayo's team won the match, when Héctor Garza pinned Fénix. On March 18, 2012, at "Rey de Reyes", Evans faced Aguayo and two other "Perros del Mal", Garza and L.A. Park, in the finals of the "Rey de Reyes". Despite managing to outlast both Park and Garza, Evans was eventually pinned by Aguayo for the win. On May 19, Evans lost the AAA Cruiserweight Championship to Juventud Guerrera in a four-way hardcore match, which also included Psicosis and Teddy Hart, ending his reign at 713 days. On August 5 at "Triplemanía XX", Evans reunited with Hart for one night to take part in a "Parejas Suicidas" steel cage match, featuring three other former tag teams. However, both Evans and Hart managed to escape the cage and avoid having to face each other in a "Lucha de Apuestas" Hair vs. Hair match.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: In early 2013, Evans formed the "Los Güeros del Cielo" ("The Sky Blondes") tag team with South African wrestler Angélico. On October 18 at "Héroes Inmortales VII", Evans and Angélico won a four-way match to become the new AAA World Tag Team Champions. On December 7, 2014, at Guerra de Titanes Angélico and Evans lost the AAA World Tag Team Championships to Joe Líder and Pentagón Jr. in a three-way tag team match that also included Fénix and Myzteziz. Evans and Ángelico then entered a feud with Dark Cuervo and Dark Escoria, which culminated on June 14, 2015, at Verano de Escándalo, where Evans and Ángelico were victorious in a steel cage "Lucha de Apuestas". As per stipulation, Cuervo and Escoria were forced to have their heads shaved following the match. On October 4, 2015, at Héroes Inmortales IX, Evans and Angélico regained the AAA World Tag Team Championship from Líder and Pentagón Jr. in a three-way match, also involving Daga and Steve Pain. They vacated the title on January 22, 2016, due to Angélico suffering a leg injury. On July 17, 2016, Evans and Angélico won the AAA World Tag Team Championship for the third time. On September 29, 2016, Evans criticized AAA and fellow wrestler La Parka during an interview with Solowrestling.com. A few days later, AAA removed him from all shows. On October 22, 2016, Evans left AAA.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: On May 13, 2015 Evans made his Lucha Underground debut where he was defeated by Aero Star. On June 3 Evans got his first win against Argenis. On May 25, 2016 Evans teamed with Johnny Mundo and P. J. Black, forming a group known as "Worldwide Underground", to defeat Dragon Azteca Jr., Prince Puma and Rey Mysterio for the Lucha Underground Trios Championship. On July 20 at "Ultima Lucha Dos" Part 3 The Worldwide Underground were defeated by Aero Star, Drago and Fénix for the Lucha Underground Trios Championship. On October 12 Evans was unsuccessful at winning the Lucha Underground Gift Of The Gods Championship against Sexy Star. On 5 April 2018 at the Impact Wrestling vs Lucha Underground show, Evans loses against Matanza Cueto in a 6 man match. On April 10, 2018, Evans officially announced his departure from Lucha Underground.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: Evans returned to Pro Wrestling Guerilla at PWG Treemendous IV on July 24, 2015 teaming with Angelico unsuccessfully challenging the Young Bucks for the PWG World Tag Team Championship. Evans then entered to the Battle Of Los Angeles 2015, defeating Angelico in the first round, Brian Cage in the second but losing to Chris Hero in the Semi Final.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: At PWG Lemmy event on January 2, 2016 he was defeated by Drew Galloway. Evans returned at "PWG Bowie" Event on February 12, 2016 where he defeated Sami Callihan.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: On July 13, 2018, Evans made his return to the AAA as "Rudo" teaming with Juventud Guerrera and Taurus defeating "Los Nuevos Mosqueteros del Diablo" (La Máscara & La Máscara) and Aero Star. He wrestled throughout 2018, into 2019. On March 16, 2019, he wrestled at Rey de Reyes (2019) in scramble match that was won by Aerostar. He was scheduled to wrestle in an Ultimate X match in his return to TNA now known as Impact Wrestling, representing AAA through their partnership with Impact. This match took place WrestleMania 35 weekend in April 2019. However, Evans was replaced by Impact's Ace Austin without given reason.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: On May 9, 2019, it was announced that Evans signed a contract with All Elite Wrestling (AEW) where he would reform Los Güeros del Cielo with Angélico, now being billed as The Hybrid2. The team made their debut at AEW's inaugural pay-per-view event Double or Nothing on May 25, losing to Best Friends (Trent Beretta and Chuck Taylor). At Fight for the Fallen on July 13, The Hybrid2 competed in a three-way tag team match against Jungle Boy and Luchasaurus and The Dark Order (Evil Uno and Stu Grayson), which the Dark Order won. At the All Out "Buy In" pre-show on August 31, The Hybrid2 lost to Private Party (Isiah Kassidy and Marq Quen). Evans obtained his first win in AEW on the October 8 episode of "AEW Dark", teaming with Angélico and the Lucha Brothers (Fénix and Pentagón Jr.) to defeat Best Friends and Private Party in an eight man tag team match. On the November 26 episode of "Dark", Evans unsuccessfully challenged Kenny Omega for the AAA Mega Championship. On April 19, 2022, Evans announced that his contract would expire at the end of April, and that it would not be renewed.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: In November 2003, at ROH's "Main Event Spectacles" event, Evans was involved in a backstage altercation with Samoa Joe. In March 2009, Evans was involved in a backstage fight with Juventud Guerrera. The fight started when Guerrera was involved in a confrontation with Konnan, and Guerrera claimed that Evans had been working stiff during the match that he and Evans had competed in earlier that night.


title: Jack Evans (wrestler)

text: Evans is married to a woman named Sandy, who gave birth to their first child, a daughter, on October 21, 2014, and their second, a son, on November 14, 2018.


title: Mediaset

text: Mediaset Italia S.p.A., also known as Mediaset, is an Italian-based mass media company which is the largest commercial broadcaster in the country. The company is controlled by the holding company MFE - MediaForEurope. Founded in 1987 by former Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi, the group competes primarily against the public broadcaster RAI, the privately owned La7 and (through Sky Group Limited) Comcast's Sky Italia.


title: Mediaset

text: Mediaset's headquarters are in Milan, Lombardy. Many of its studios are located in the Milano 2 area of Segrate, a municipality bordering Milan, where broadcasts of local station TeleMilano (now airing nationally as Mediaset's Canale 5) began in 1978. After merging with various local broadcaster to form the Canale 5 syndication, much production was moved to Cologno Monzese, where the infrastructure of the former Telealtomilanese was present. The company currently has three main television production centres, in Milan (Segrate, Cologno Monzese) and Rome.


title: Mediaset

text: Due to their proximity to Italy, other countries including France, Croatia, Switzerland, Spain, Greece, Albania, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro and Slovenia also receive Mediaset broadcasts. In addition to its domestic television interests, Mediaset also operates a series of news, entertainment and sport websites; owns the film production company Medusa Film.


title: Mediaset

text: Mediaset's story began in 1978, with Telemilano, a local Milan-based broadcaster that became Canale 5 two years later and began broadcasting nationally. Canale 5 was subsequently joined by Italia 1 (bought from the publishing group Rusconi in 1982) and Rete 4 (acquired from Arnoldo Mondadori Editore in 1984). Television area was called RTI and became established with three national analogue networks, supported by an advertising sales company, Publitalia '80, that exclusively collects advertising for all three channels, and two other companies, Videotime, that manages TV technology and production activities, and Elettronica Industriale that guarantees signal distribution through the management of the broadcasting infrastructure. In 1987, it bought out Italian's leading home video distributor Domovideo, in a seesaw contest with Vincenzo Romangoli. In 1990, Silvio Berlusconi Communications entered into a partnership with DIC Enterprises and having SBC subsidiaries Reteitalia, S.p.A. and Telecinco to co-produce shows, a relationship that lasted until 1994.


title: Mediaset

text: Branding the company under his own image and having prior experience with the cable broadcasting industry during his time in Milan, Berlusconi expanded into many media ventures such as television, film and radio industries; and in 1996, RTI, Videotime, Publitalia and Elettronica Industriale were brought together in a single group, Mediaset, which was then listed on the Milan stock exchange, opening up the company to both important institutional investors and private investors (around 300,000). In 1997, Mediaset expands outside Italy with the acquisition of a 25% stake in the Spanish broadcaster, Telecinco. In 1999, Mediaset Group expands its web-based activities with a television portal dedicated to Canale 5, Italia 1 and Retequattro and a daily online news service, is accessible from a range of media (internet, TV, radio, Mediavideo teletext and mobile phones).


title: Mediaset

text: In 2003, Mediaset increases its stake in Telecinco and becomes the major shareholder with 50.1% of the shares. The following year the Spanish TV company was listed on the Madrid stock exchange. In 2004, with the debut in Italy of digital terrestrial television, an innovative signal broadcasting system that uses standard aerials and a small set-top box. Mediaset launches Mediashopping, a shopping channel.


title: Mediaset

text: In 2005, the group launched Mediaset Premium, a pay digital terrestrial television service which offered live Serie A football, with a pre-paid card and without a subscription. Mediaset Premium also had a pay-per-view offer including films (including first TV-screenings), theatre and live events. In 2006, Mediaset launched Europe's first digital terrestrial Mobile TV network using DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcast Handheld) technology.


title: Mediaset

text: In 2007, Mediaset became a major network due to its international expansion and new acquisitions. In a consortium with Cyrte Fund and Goldman Sachs, they acquired from Telefonica a controlling interest in Endemol. The Dutch production company buys Medusa, Italy's leading film production and distribution company. In 2008, they reached an agreement regarding the acquisition of Taodue.


title: Mediaset

text: Mediaset decides to enter the Chinese market by obtaining the licence to sell advertisements for China Global Media which in October launched the sports channel China Sport Network, a consortium of seven regional broadcasters with an audience reach of 400 million viewers. Publieurope which sells international advertising for the channel; launching a new free Italian digital terrestrial channel, Iris, featuring auteur cinema, music, literature and theatre.


title: Mediaset

text: In 2008, the creation of Premium Gallery, a new digital terrestrial premium content offer available with a pre-paid card. Three new channels, Joi, Mya, Steel, where viewers can see exclusive previews of the best TV series and films from Time Warner and NBC-Universal. In July, the Gallery family was joined by the Disney Channel and Premium Calcio 24 kicks off. At 2008 end, the Premium Gallery offering further improved with the launch of Premium Fantasy, including four proposals dedicated to children and teenagers. In addition to Disney Channel and Disney Channel +1, the expanded offering includes: Playhouse Disney, Cartoon Network, Hiro.


title: Mediaset

text: In the same year, Telecinco entered the North American market with the acquisition of a 29.2% stake in Caribevision - a US broadcaster for the country's Spanish-speaking population - while a joint venture was established between Medusa Film and Taodue, leader in the production of quality TV dramas. The union of these two companies will lead to the creation of an Italian production unit which will compete with the main international majors.


title: Mediaset

text: Mediaset Premium doubled its offer of cinema with the launch of Premium Cinema and the much anticipated re-launch of Studio Universal. On 20 November Mediaset Premium launched a new feature: Premium-On-Demand, a digital library with 50 films, updated daily, and American TV series. Also 20 November Premium also launched two features dedicated to the cinema: Premium Cinema Emotion and Premium Cinema Energy.


title: Mediaset

text: Publitalia'80 and Mondadori Pubblicità, stipulated an agreement for the realisation of a joint initiative aiming at gathering advertising on line. On the basis of this agreement, a new company was founded on 30 July owned jointly by Mediamond.


title: Mediaset

text: On 31 July Mediaset sees the launch of Tivù Sat, Italy's first free digital satellite platform, built by a company jointly owned by RAI (48.25%), Mediaset (48.25%) and Telecom Italia Media (3.5%). TivùSat is a complementary platform to the existing digital terrestrial platform, and is able to reach areas of the country not covered by the terrestrial networks.


title: Mediaset

text: On 18 December 2009 Mediaset S.p.A., the subsidiary Telecinco and Gruppo Prisa approved and signed an agreement that foresees, conditional upon determined conditions being met, the acquisition by Telecinco of a newly founded company which will include the company part of Cuatro and its shareholding of 22% in Digital Plus.


title: Mediaset

text: In 2010, the title News Mediaset is operational: an internal press agency that will provide images, news and services for all of Mediaset's news structures. Two free-to-air channels were launched: La5, dedicated to a mainly female audience; Mediaset Extra, dedicated to Mediaset channels' entertainment programmes from yesterday and today.


title: Mediaset

text: Mediaset Premium see the launch of Premium Cinema HD: previews of films in HD. From October, Premium will broadcast, using the on demand system films in 3D. To watch the films, viewers will need a 3D TV and a normal Premium On Demand HD decoder which, as well as providing a high definition signal, is also equipped to carry 3D.


title: Mediaset

text: The Comisión Nacional de la Competencia (the Spanish antitrust commission), with a resolution dated 28 October 2010, authorised the acquisition by Gestevision Telecinco S.A. of exclusive control of Sociedad General De Television Cuatro S.A.U. through the purchase of 100% of its share capital, subordinate to certain conditions. Telecinco, having met the suspension conditions to which it was subjected, today acquired a 22% stake in "DTS Distribuidora de Televisión Digital SA" ("Digital+") and 100% of the share capital of "Four Television SAU" ("Sogecuatro"), holder, among other things, of the free-to-air channel "Cuatro". This operation resulted in the Mediaset Group becoming Spain?s biggest television operator.


title: Mediaset

text: Mediaset launched a new service called Premium Net TV, a new non-linear "over-the-top" TV system that offers films, TV series, cartoons, documentaries, football; in addition to all of the Mediaset channels' programmes of the last seven days and the entire offer can be seen also on a PC with the same quality as on TV. Premium Net TV is a completely open, independent network system, viewable with any Gold Stamp digital decoder and a broadband connection from any telephone carrier and it is included in the standard Mediaset Premium subscription, without any additional cost.


title: Mediaset

text: Mediaset launched four new channels on its digital terrestrial platform: BBC Knowledge and Discovery World that broadcast documentaries; while Premium Crime dedicated to enthusiasts of thrillers and detective stories and Premium Cinema Comedy to those who love both Italian and American light comedy.


title: Mediaset

text: Mediaset launched new three free-to-air channels: Me, in which Mediaset will reinforce its presence in the mail order sales sector with a new brand and a new approach; TgCom24, a new, live, free-to-air, all news channel, also available online in live streaming on the TgCom24 website, and on smartphones and tablets.


title: Mediaset

text: Mediaset launched a new service called Infinity, a new non-linear "over-the-top" TV system that offers films, TV series, cartoons, anime; in addition to all of the Mediaset channels' programmes.


title: Mediaset

text: Mediaset launched a two new free-to-air channel: 20 and Focus. Mediaset removed Mediaset HD Premium channels on 1 June 2018.


title: Mediaset

text: Mediaset bought Sony Pictures Television Italia's terrestrial frequences and replaced Pop and Cine Sony by Boing Plus (owned by Boing S.p.A.) and Mediaset Extra 2, later replaced with Cine 34.


title: Mediaset

text: In January 2021 Mediaset signs a collaborative contract with the Romanian IT and telecommunications company DeltaLab S.A. for the construction of fiber optic network infrastructures around the world €196,000,000,000 (euro) project that will bring the high-speed line even in areas where there is no connection. the construction will take about 3 years with the help of construction companies in the various territories. When the works are finished it will be the largest infrastructure in the world, the infrastructures will be owned 30% by Mediaset and 70% by DeltaLab which will provide the connection as a direct supplier.


title: Mediaset

text: In November 2021, Mediaset announced a major restructuring, under which it would form a new parent company, MFE–MediaForEurope N.V., which would be domiciled in the Netherlands.


title: Mediaset

text: In January 2022, Mediaset closed Premium Action, Premium Crime, Premium Stories and Premium Cinema. Mediaset later bought ViacomCBS' terrestrial frequencies and launched Twentyseven 27.


title: Mediaset

text: A 2019 study in "The American Economic Review" examined the impact of Mediaset on Italy during its rollout in the 1980s. The study compared voting habits of people who grew up in towns and regions that got early access to Mediaset against ones that only got late access to Mediaset. The study noted that Mediaset's programming, especially during the 80s & 90s, was far more slanted toward entertainment and contained far less news and educational content than its competitor, the RAI. It also concluded that "individuals with early access to Mediaset all-entertainment content were more likely to vote for Berlusconi's party in 1994, when he first ran for office... we find that individuals exposed to entertainment TV as children were less cognitively sophisticated and civic-minded as adults, and ultimately more vulnerable to Berlusconi's populist rhetoric." The study said the effect included populist parties in general that offered simple slogans and easy cure-alls, including non-Berlusconi populist parties such as the Five Star Movement.


title: Mediaset

text: In January 2008, the European Court of Justice ruled that the TV frequencies used by Mediaset to broadcast Rete 4 were shared out unfairly. They should have been given to Europa 7, a competitor channel, the judges maintain, and Rete 4 should be broadcast via satellite instead. Although the Italian Council of State, the highest court on administrative matters, has confirmed that the Italian government should abide by this European ruling, Rete 4 continues its operation on analog frequencies and on DVB-T.


title: Mediaset

text: On 30 July 2008, Mediaset filed a lawsuit against Google for €500 million (US$779 million) charging copyright infringement. The company stated that 325 hours worth of material was uploaded to YouTube and the result was the loss of 315,672 viewing days and ad revenue.


title: Mediaset

text: On 16 September 2009, SKY Italia (fully owned by News Corporation) filed a lawsuit to the Court of Milan, Italy, against Reti Televisive Italiane and Publitalia '80 for a violation of Article 82 of European Treaty that regulates free economic competition between companies, in particular for refusing to allow SKY Italia to purchase advertising on the three main Mediaset television channels (Canale 5, Italia 1 and Rete 4), exercising Article 700 of the Italian Civil Procedural Code who permit to require an urgent action. Mediaset has rejected the charge of antitrust violations, stating that in 2009 it had broadcast SKY Italia commercials 3107 times on its channels, whereas SKY Italia has always refused to broadcast Mediaset commercials.


title: Dane County, Wisconsin

text: Dane County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 561,504, making it the second-most populous county in Wisconsin. The county seat is Madison, which is also the state capital.


title: Dane County, Wisconsin

text: Dane County is the central county of the Madison, Wisconsin, Metropolitan Statistical Area, as well as the Madison-Janesville-Beloit Combined Statistical Area.


title: Dane County, Wisconsin

text: Dane County was formed in 1836 as a territorial county and organized in 1839. It was named after Nathan Dane, a Massachusetts delegate to the Congress of the Confederation who helped carve Wisconsin out of the Northwest Territory. Dane County was settled in the 1840s by settlers from New England.


title: Dane County, Wisconsin

text: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of , of which is land and (3.3%) is water.


title: Dane County, Wisconsin

text: In 2017, there were 5,891 births, giving a general fertility rate of 51.7 births per 1000 women aged 15–44, the eighth lowest rate out of all 72 Wisconsin counties. Of these, 73 of the births occurred at home, the fifth highest number of home births for Wisconsin counties. 428 of the births were to mothers who held doctorate or professional degrees, more than any other Wisconsin county. These accounted for 7.3% of total births for the county, a higher percent than any other Wisconsin county and more than Ozaukee County which had 5.8% of births to mothers who held doctorate or professional degrees and ranked second.


title: Dane County, Wisconsin

text: As of the census of 2020, the population was 561,504. The population density was . There were 248,795 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 77.6% White, 6.4% Asian, 5.4% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 3.2% from other races, and 6.9% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 7.5% Hispanic or Latino of any race.


title: Dane County, Wisconsin

text: At the 2010 census there were 488,073 people, 203,750 households, and 116,752 families living in the county. The population density was 394 people per square mile (152/km). There were 216,022 housing units at an average density of 174 per square mile (67/km). The racial makeup of the county was 84.7% White, 5.2% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 4.7% Asian, 0.003% Pacific Islander, 2.5% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. 5.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.


title: Dane County, Wisconsin

text: Of the 203,750 households 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.1% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.7% were non-families. 30.5% of households were one person and 7.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.95.


title: Dane County, Wisconsin

text: The age distribution was 21.7% under the age of 18, 12.8% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% 65 or older. The median age was 34.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.00 males.


title: Dane County, Wisconsin

text: At the 2000 census there were 426,526 people, 173,484 households, and 100,794 families living in the county. The population density was 355 people per square mile (137/km). There were 180,398 housing units at an average density of 150 per square mile (58/km). The racial makeup of the county was 88.96% White, 4.00% Black or African American, 0.33% Native American, 3.45% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.43% from other races, and 1.79% from two or more races. 3.37% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 34.4% were of German, 11.5% Norwegian, 8.9% Irish and 6.0% English ancestry.


title: Dane County, Wisconsin

text: Of the 173,484 households 29.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.10% were married couples living together, 7.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.90% were non-families. 29.40% of households were one person and 7.00% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.97.


title: Dane County, Wisconsin

text: The age distribution was 22.60% under the age of 18, 14.30% from 18 to 24, 32.50% from 25 to 44, 21.30% from 45 to 64, and 9.30% 65 or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.00 males.


title: Dane County, Wisconsin

text: In 2010, the largest religious groups in Dane County by number of adherents were Catholic at 106,036 adherents, ELCA Lutheran at 48,620 adherents, United Methodist at 9,753 adherents, non-denominational Christian at 7,448 adherents, Evangelical Free at 6,075 adherents, United Church of Christ at 5,035 adherents, Wisconsin Synod Lutheran at 4,214 adherents, Missouri Synod Lutheran at 3,921 adherents, American Baptist at 3,755 adherents, and PC-USA Presbyterian at 3,664 adherents.


title: Dane County, Wisconsin

text: Dane County is governed by a county executive and a county board of supervisors. The county executive is elected in a countywide vote. The county executive is Joe Parisi. The board of supervisors consists of 37 members, each elected from single member districts. As the policy-making body of the county government, the board of supervisors enacts county ordinances, levies taxes, and appropriates money for services.


title: Dane County, Wisconsin

text: Like most other counties anchored by an urban population center and a large public university, Dane County is solidly Democratic, with a long history in the progressive movement. They have backed the Democratic presidential nominee in every election since 1960 (and the only Republican president to carry the county since 1932 was Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952 and 1956), even in the Republican landslide victories of 1972, 1980, 1984, and 1988. In that time, Republicans have only crossed the 35% mark six times. Only the predominantly Native American county of Menominee is more reliably Democratic.


title: Dane County, Wisconsin

text: At state level, the county is no less Democratic. The last Republicans the county supported at state level were Governor Tommy Thompson and Treasurer Jack Voight in 1994. The last Republican Senator to carry the county was Alexander Wiley in 1956 by less than one percent, 10 years earlier the county was the only one in the state to not vote for notorious Senator Joseph McCarthy. In the three-party era of 1930s-1940s, the county backed Progressive Party candidates, such as the La Follette brothers, Orland Steen Loomis and Herman Ekern.


title: Dane County, Wisconsin

text: Dane County is one of the counties in the United States to have elected a member of the Green Party (Leland Pan) into county-level office.


title: Keiichiro Toyama

text: Toyama was born in 1970 in Miyazaki Prefecture, and studied art in Tokyo Zokei University. After graduating he joined Konami in 1994 as a graphic artist. He was the graphic designer and character designer for the Sega CD version of "Snatcher" and "International Track & Field", and after that he created the "Silent Hill" series. The game was successful and produced various sequels, but Toyama left Team Silent in 1999 after the first game was launched to join Japan Studio afterwards to work on the "Siren" series. He directed the video games "Siren" (2003) and its sequel "Forbidden Siren 2" (2006). In 2008, Toyama released "", a reimagining of the original "Siren" game. Toyama then worked on the PlayStation Vita game "Gravity Rush", released in 2012. A sequel, "Gravity Rush 2", was released on January 19, 2017, in Japan.


title: Keiichiro Toyama

text: Toyama left Sony Japan Studio in September 2020. He has founded Bokeh Game Studio alongside Kazunobu Sato and Junya Okura, both of whom worked on the Siren series, on August 13, 2020. When asked about what prompted the move, Toyama stated that he had been inspired by fellow designer Fumito Ueda who had related much of his experiences founding genDESIGN to Toyama. Toyama announced that he plans on returning to the horror genre, with a debut game inspired in particular by film directors Wong Kar-wai and Fruit Chan. The game, "Slitterhead", was formally revealed during The Game Awards 2021.


title: Keiichiro Toyama

text: In 2012 Toyama received the outstanding performance award at the 16th Japan Media Arts Festival and the excellence award at the Japan Game Awards for his work on "Gravity Rush".


title: Engineering design process

text: The engineering design process is a common series of steps that engineers use in creating functional products and processes. The process is highly iterative - parts of the process often need to be repeated many times before another can be entered - though the part(s) that get iterated and the number of such cycles in any given project may vary.


title: Engineering design process

text: It is a decision making process (often iterative) in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a stated objective. Among the fundamental elements of the design process are the establishment of objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction, testing and evaluation.


title: Engineering design process

text: It's important to understand that there are various framings/articulations of the engineering design process. Different terminology employed may have varying degrees of overlap, which affects what steps get stated explicitly or deemed "high level" versus subordinate in any given model. This, of course, applies as much to any particular example steps/sequences given here.


title: Engineering design process

text: One example framing of the engineering design process delineates the following stages: "research, conceptualization, feasibility assessment, establishing design requirements, preliminary design, detailed design, production planning and tool design, and production". Others, noting that "different authors (in both research literature and in textbooks) define different phases of the design process with varying activities occurring within them," have suggested more simplified/generalized models - such as "problem definition, conceptual design, preliminary design, detailed design, and design communication". Another summary of the process, from European engineering design literature, includes "clarification of the task, conceptual design, embodiment design, detail design". (NOTE: In these examples, other key aspects - such as concept evaluation and prototyping - are subsets and/or extensions of one or more of the listed steps.)


title: Engineering design process

text: Various stages of the design process (and even earlier) can involve a significant amount of time spent on locating information and research. Consideration should be given to the existing applicable literature, problems and successes associated with existing solutions, costs, and marketplace needs.


title: Engineering design process

text: The source of information should be relevant. Reverse engineering can be an effective technique if other solutions are available on the market. Other sources of information include the Internet, local libraries, available government documents, personal organizations, trade journals, vendor catalogs and individual experts available.


title: Engineering design process

text: Establishing design requirements and conducting requirement analysis, sometimes termed problem definition (or deemed a related activity), is one of the most important elements in the design process, and this task is often performed at the same time as a feasibility analysis. The design requirements control the design of the product or process being developed, throughout the engineering design process. These include basic things like the functions, attributes, and specifications - determined after assessing user needs. Some design requirements include hardware and software parameters, maintainability, availability, and testability.


title: Engineering design process

text: In some cases, a feasibility study is carried out after which schedules, resource plans and estimates for the next phase are developed. The feasibility study is an evaluation and analysis of the potential of a proposed project to support the process of decision making. It outlines and analyses alternatives or methods of achieving the desired outcome. The feasibility study helps to narrow the scope of the project to identify the best scenario.


title: Engineering design process

text: The purpose of a feasibility assessment is to determine whether the engineer's project can proceed into the design phase. This is based on two criteria: the project needs to be based on an achievable idea, and it needs to be within cost constraints. It is important to have engineers with experience and good judgment to be involved in this portion of the feasibility study.


title: Engineering design process

text: A concept study (conceptualization, conceptual design) is often a phase of project planning that includes producing ideas and taking into account the pros and cons of implementing those ideas. This stage of a project is done to minimize the likelihood of error, manage costs, assess risks, and evaluate the potential success of the intended project. In any event, once an engineering issue or problem is defined, potential solutions must be identified. These solutions can be found by using ideation, the mental process by which ideas are generated. In fact, this step is often termed Ideation or "Concept Generation." The following are widely used techniques:


title: Engineering design process

text: Various generated ideas must then undergo a concept evaluation step, which utilizes various tools to compare and contrast the relative strengths and weakness of possible alternatives.


title: Engineering design process

text: The preliminary design, or high-level design includes (also called FEED or Basic design), often bridges a gap between design conception and detailed design, particularly in cases where the level of conceptualization achieved during ideation is not sufficient for full evaluation. So in this task, the overall system configuration is defined, and schematics, diagrams, and layouts of the project may provide early project configuration. (This notably varies a lot by field, industry, and product.) During detailed design and optimization, the parameters of the part being created will change, but the preliminary design focuses on creating the general framework to build the project on.


title: Engineering design process

text: “The ‘whats’ initiating conceptual design produce ‘hows’ from the conceptual design evaluation effort applied to feasible conceptual design concepts. Next, the ‘hows’ are taken into preliminary design through the means of allocated requirements. There they become ‘whats’ and drive preliminary design to address ‘hows’ at this lower level.”


title: Engineering design process

text: Following FEED is the Detailed Design (Detailed Engineering) phase, which may consist of procurement of materials as well.


title: Engineering design process

text: This phase further elaborates each aspect of the project/product by complete description through solid modeling, drawings as well as specifications.


title: Engineering design process

text: Computer-aided design (CAD) programs have made the detailed design phase more efficient. For example, a CAD program can provide optimization to reduce volume without hindering a part's quality. It can also calculate stress and displacement using the finite element method to determine stresses throughout the part.


title: Engineering design process

text: The production planning and tool design consists of planning how to mass-produce the product and which tools should be used in the manufacturing process. Tasks to complete in this step include selecting materials, selection of the production processes, determination of the sequence of operations, and selection of tools such as jigs, fixtures, metal cutting and metal or plastics forming tools. This task also involves additional prototype testing iterations to ensure the mass-produced version meets qualification testing standards.


title: Engineering design process

text: Engineering is formulating a problem that can be solved through design. Science is formulating a question that can be solved through investigation.


title: Engineering design process

text: The engineering design process bears some similarity to the scientific method. Both processes begin with existing knowledge, and gradually become more specific in the search for "knowledge" (in the case of "pure" or basic science) or a "solution" (in the case of "applied" science, such as engineering). The key difference between the engineering process and the scientific process is that the engineering process focuses on design, creativity and innovation while the scientific process emphasizes Discovery (observation).


title: Charmed (season 8)

text: The eighth and final season of "Charmed", an American supernatural drama television series created by Constance M. Burge, premiered in the United States on The WB from September 25, 2005 through May 21, 2006.


title: Charmed (season 8)

text: Paramount Home Entertainment released the complete eighth and final season in a six-disc box set on September 11, 2007.


title: Charmed (season 8)

text: The season premiere, which aired on September 25, 2005, garnered 4.27 million viewers; an increase from the 3.44 million viewers who watched the seventh-season finale. The season and series finale, "Forever Charmed", was watched by 4.49 million viewers, making it the highest rated episode of the season. The eighth season averaged 3.5 million viewers for all 22 episodes. Out of all regular primetime programming that aired during the 2005–06 U.S. television season, "Charmed" ranked 132nd out of 156, according to the Nielsen ratings system.


title: History of the Republic of Ireland

text: The Irish state came into being in 1919 as the 32 county Irish Republic. In 1922, having seceded from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, it became the Irish Free State. It comprised 32 counties until 6 counties under the control of Unionists opted out. The 1937 constitution renamed the 'Southern Ireland' state 'Ireland'. In 1949, only 26 counties explicitly became a republic under the terms of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948, definitively ending its tenuous membership of the British Commonwealth. In 1973 the Republic of Ireland joined the European Communities (EC) as a member state which would later become the European Union (EU).


title: History of the Republic of Ireland

text: Upon its foundation, the Irish Free State was embroiled in a civil war between nationalists supporting the Treaty and opponents who supported the existing Republic. The pro-Treaty side, organised as Cumann na nGaedheal, emerged victorious from the conflict and won subsequent elections. They formed the government of the state until 1932, when they peacefully handed over power to the anti-Treaty faction in Fianna Fáil, who defeated them in an election. The Irish state, despite its violent beginnings, has remained a liberal democracy throughout its existence. Changes in the 1930s removed many of the links with Britain established under the Treaty and Ireland's neutrality in the Second World War demonstrated its independence in foreign policy matters from Britain.


title: History of the Republic of Ireland

text: In the economic sphere, the Irish state has had a mixed performance. On independence, it was one of the wealthier countries in Europe per head of population. However it also inherited from British rule the problems of unemployment, emigration, uneven geographical development and lack of a native industrial base. For much of its history, the state struggled to rectify these problems. Particular peaks of emigration were recorded during the 1930s, 1950s and 1980s, when the Irish economy recorded little growth.


title: History of the Republic of Ireland

text: In the 1930s, Fianna Fáil governments attempted to create Irish domestic industries using subsidies and protective tariffs. In the late 1950s, these policies were dropped in favour of free trade with selected countries and encouraging of foreign investment with low taxes. This was expanded when Ireland entered the European Economic Community in 1973. In the 1990s and 2000s, Ireland experienced an economic boom known as the Celtic Tiger, in which the country's GDP surpassed many of its European neighbours. Immigration also surpassed emigration, bringing the state's population up to over 4 million. However, since 2008, Ireland has experienced a severe crisis in the banking sector and with sovereign debt. The resultant economic slump has deepened the effect of the world recession on Ireland till 2012. Since 2012 unemployment rates and the economy has grown except around Covid. In the global GDP per capita tables, Ireland ranks 4th of 186 in the IMF table and 4th of 187 in the World Bank ranking.


title: History of the Republic of Ireland

text: From 1937 to 1998, the Irish constitution included an irredentist claim on Northern Ireland as a part of the national territory. However, the state also opposed and used its security forces against those armed groups – principally the Provisional Irish Republican Army – who tried to unite Ireland by force. This occurred in the 1950s, throughout the 1970s and 1980s and has continued on a reduced scale. Irish governments meanwhile tried to broker an agreement to the conflict known as the Troubles within Northern Ireland from 1968 to the late 1990s. The British government officially recognised the right of the Irish government to be a party to the Northern negotiations in the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985. In 1998, as part of the Good Friday Agreement, the Irish constitution was altered by referendum to remove the territorial claim to Northern Ireland and instead extend the right of Irish citizenship to all the people of the island should they wish to have it.


title: History of the Republic of Ireland

text: From Union in 1801 until 6 December 1922 the whole of Ireland was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. However, from the 1880s, there had been long-standing nationalist agitation for autonomy or Home Rule. Other, more radical voices such as the Irish Republican Brotherhood called for independence, but these were in a minority.