title: Miss Universe 2011

text: The top 16 competed in the swimsuit competition and were narrowed down to the top 10 afterward. The top 10 competed in the evening gown competition and were narrowed down to the top 5 afterward. The top 5 competed in the question and answer round and the final look. During the telecast, viewers are able to see on-screen a fan-voting meter which instantly reveals the scores of the contestants from the real-time voting.


title: Alex Perez (fighter)

text: Alexander Salvador Perez (born March 21, 1992) is an American mixed martial artist and currently competes in flyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). As of December 6, 2022, he is #6 in the UFC flyweight rankings.


title: Alex Perez (fighter)

text: Perez is of Mexican descent and has eight siblings. He started wrestling in the sixth grade alongside his two brothers Silverio Esparza and Julian Perez. Perez represent West Hills College Lemoore in wrestling and he was the regional champion and All-American wrestler in his sophomore year in college.


title: Alex Perez (fighter)

text: After Perez completed high school, he began helping friends train for their MMA fights due to his wrestling experience.


title: Alex Perez (fighter)

text: Perez fought all of his fights in United States where he made his professional debut on May 6, 2011, at TPF 9. He faced Jesus Castro and knockout Castro in round one. He amassed a total of 16-4 before joining Dana White's Contender Series 5, facing Kevin Gray. He defeated Gray, and with the win, he was signed by UFC.


title: Alex Perez (fighter)

text: Perez made his promotional debut on December 9, 2017, at against Carlos John de Tomas. He won the fight via submission in round two.


title: Alex Perez (fighter)

text: On February 24, 2018, Perez faced Eric Shelton at . At the weigh-ins, Perez weighed in at 126.5 pounds, a half pound over the flyweight non-title fight upper limit of 126 pounds. As a result, the bout proceeded at catchweight and Perez was fined 20% of his purse which went to Shelton. He won the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Alex Perez (fighter)

text: Perez faced Joseph Benavidez on November 30, 2018, at . He lost the fight via technical knockout out in round one.


title: Alex Perez (fighter)

text: Perez faced Mark De La Rosa in a bantamweight bout on March 30, 2019, at UFC on ESPN 2. He won the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Alex Perez (fighter)

text: Perez was scheduled to face Sergio Pettis on September 21, 2019, at UFC Fight Night 159. However, Perez pulled out of the bout on August 26 citing an injury.


title: Alex Perez (fighter)

text: Perez faced Jordan Espinosa on January 25, 2020 at UFC Fight Night 166. He won the fight via an arm-triangle choke in round one. This win earned him the Performance of the Night award.


title: Alex Perez (fighter)

text: Perez's arm triangle was an on the fly adjustment and the first time he had submitted someone from that position.


title: Alex Perez (fighter)

text: Perez was expected to face Kai Kara-France on . However, on April 9, Dana White, the president of UFC announced that this event was postponed to a future date due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead Perez faced Jussier Formiga on June 6, 2020, at UFC 250. He won the fight via first-round technical knockout. This win earned him the "Performance of the Night".


title: Alex Perez (fighter)

text: Perez was expected to face Brandon Moreno on November 21, 2020, at UFC 255. However, on October 2, it was announced that Perez would face Deiveson Figueiredo, replacing an injured Cody Garbrandt for the UFC Flyweight Championship at the same event. He lost the fight via guillotine choke submission in round one.


title: Alex Perez (fighter)

text: Perez was scheduled to meet Matt Schnell on May 15, 2021, at UFC 262. However, for undisclosed reasons Perez was forced to pull out from the event and was replaced by Rogério Bontorin.


title: Alex Perez (fighter)

text: Perez was scheduled to face Askar Askarov on July 31, 2021, on . However, Askarov pulled out of the fight in early July citing injury. In turn, Perez was removed from the card entirely and rescheduled to face Matt Schnell four weeks later on August 28, 2021, at . However, for undisclosed reasons, the bout was moved to . However, the bout was yet again moved for unknown reasons to UFC 269. At the weigh-ins, Alex Perez weighed in at 126.25 pounds, a quarter-pound over the flyweight non-title fight limit. Shortly after the weigh-ins, officials had announced that the bout had been cancelled due to Schnell withdrawing from the event because of a medical issue. The pair was rescheduled to UFC 271 on February 12, 2022. At weigh-ins, Perez came in at 128 pounds and did not attempt to try again, resulting in Matt Schnell refusing to accept the catchweight bout and the fight being canceled.


title: Alex Perez (fighter)

text: Perez faced Alexandre Pantoja on July 30, 2022, at UFC 277. He lost the fight via a neck crank submission early in the first round.


title: Alex Perez (fighter)

text: Perez was scheduled to face Amir Albazi on December 17, 2022 at UFC Fight Night 216. However, he pulled out due to undisclosed reasons in late October and was replaced by Brandon Royval.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Dennis Brian Erickson (born March 24, 1947) is an American football coach who most recently served as the head coach for the Salt Lake Stallions of the Alliance of American Football league. He was also the head coach at the University of Idaho (1982–1985, 2006), the University of Wyoming (1986), Washington State University (1987–1988), the University of Miami (1989–1994), Oregon State University (1999–2002), and Arizona State University (2007–2011). During his tenure at Miami, Erickson's teams won two national championships, in 1989 and 1991. His record as a college football head coach is


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Erickson was also the head coach of two teams in the NFL, the Seattle Seahawks and the San Francisco 49ers and tallied a mark of


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Erickson retired on December 30, 2016, after 47 years in coaching. In 2018, the AAF named Erickson as the head coach of the Salt Lake Stallions, bringing him out of retirement.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Erickson was raised in Ferndale, Washington, north of Seattle, and in Everett, north of Seattle. Robert "Pinky" Erickson, was the head football coach at Ferndale High School and later at Cascade High School Erickson played quarterback at the rival Everett High, coached by next-door neighbor, Bill Dunn. This "made for some quiet dinners on game day." As a junior, Dennis was the starting quarterback, beating out the former starter, senior Mike Price, another future college


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Price, the son of the head coach of Everett Junior College, was moved to defense as a safety. When Erickson left Washington State for Miami in 1989, he recommended Mike Price (who got the job) as his replacement, and Price rented Erickson's Pullman home. Erickson had beaten out Price for the Washington State job in 1987. Six years earlier in 1981, Price had beaten Erickson out for the job at Weber State College in Ogden, Utah. While at Idaho, Erickson in conference play against Price's Weber teams, and at Oregon State, he against Price's Washington State teams.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Erickson graduated from EHS in 1965 and accepted a football scholarship to Montana State in Bozeman to play for head coach and was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. He was an effective undersized quarterback from 1966 to 1968, earning all-conference honors in the Big Sky. Immediately after his senior season, Erickson began his coaching career as a graduate assistant for the Bobcats in 1969. In 1970 at age 23, he was the head coach at Billings Central Catholic High School, staying for just a single season.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: From 1971 to 1981 Erickson was a college assistant coach, working with the offense. Beginning at his alma mater MSU in 1971 under Sonny Holland, he became an offensive coordinator in 1974 at the University of Idaho under newly promoted head coach, Ed Troxel, and stayed in Moscow for two seasons.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Erickson's college coach, Jim Sweeney, resigned from neighboring Washington State after the 1975 season, soon moved to Fresno State, and Erickson joined him as offensive coordinator for 1976. After two years, Sweeney left to become an assistant with the NFL's Oakland Raiders under John Madden, and Erickson continued at Fresno in 1978 under new head coach Bob Padilla.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: When Jack Elway, a former Sweeney assistant at WSU, was hired at San Jose State in 1979, Erickson joined him for three seasons, again as the offensive coordinator. They instituted the spread offense, which Elway had picked up from his son John's high school head coach, Jack Neumeier. Erickson was a finalist for the Weber State job after the 1980 season, but lost out to high school teammate and friend Mike Price; he finally got his head coaching chance following the 1981 season.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Erickson's head coaching career began at age 34 at the University of Idaho on December 11, 1981, succeeding Jerry Davitch, who had been fired nine days prior to his final game (a one-point home loss against rival Boise State). A pre-season playoff pick in Davitch's fourth season, Idaho finished 1981 with six consecutive losses, winless in all seven games in the Big Sky. Erickson was hired by UI athletic director Bill Belknap and accepted a one-year contract at $38,001.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Building on his reputation as an offensive innovator, Erickson became Idaho's all-time winningest head coach in just four seasons with the Vandals (1982–85), taking them to the I-AA playoffs in his first and fourth seasons. In his first season of 1982, Erickson took an underachieving (and injured) 3–8 team in 1981 and immediately turned it into an 8–3 playoff team, led by decathlete quarterback Ken Hobart. Erickson's overall record with the Vandals was 32–15 (.680), 31–13 (.704) in the regular season and 1–2 in post season. He went 4–0 in the rivalry game with Boise State, a team which had dominated the series by winning the previous five games. (The winning streak against the Broncos reached 12 games; it was broken in 1994 when BSU advanced to the I-AA finals.)


title: Dennis Erickson

text: His most notable recruits at Idaho were his quarterbacks - future NFL head coach Scott Linehan, who had future Oakland Raiders head coach Tom Cable blocking for him, and future College Football Hall of Famer John Friesz, who had Mark Schlereth blocking for him. Erickson revived Vandal football and quickly turned it into a top I-AA program, whose success was continued for another decade by former assistants Keith Gilbertson (1986–88) and John L. Smith (1989–94).


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Before 1982, the Vandals had posted only four winning seasons in over four decades, and had not had consecutive winning seasons since 1938. Idaho had three consecutive winning seasons only once (1903–05), and never had four. With Erickson's arrival as head coach, the program embarked on fifteen consecutive winning seasons (1982–96), and eleven trips to the Division I-AA playoffs in fourteen seasons, including two appearances in the semifinals (1988, 1993).


title: Dennis Erickson

text: On December 2, 1985, Erickson was introduced as the head coach of the Wyoming Cowboys. His four-year contract included a base annual salary of $60,000 plus $20,000 from radio and television, and the rent-free use of a home in Laramie. The Division I-A Cowboys had just concluded 3–8 season in 1985, tied for seventh in the nine-team WAC.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Erickson installed his "Air Express" form of the spread offense and led the Cowboys to 3–1 start in September, with road wins at Air Force and Wisconsin. Wyoming finished at 6–6 season in 1986, tied for fourth in the WAC with a 4–4 record. He left Wyoming without notice after accepting the head coaching job at Washington State in early January.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: When introduced as the head coach of the Washington State Cougars of the Pac-10 on January 7, 1987, Erickson stated that it was his lifelong goal to be the head coach at WSU in 1987 was a five-year deal at an annual base salary of $70,000, with up to $30,000 from radio, television, and speaking to the Palouse after just 13 months in Wyoming, then led the Cougars to in his first year, the same record the Cougars had the year before under Jim Walden. Erickson turned around the Washington State program quickly, going in 1988 with a post-season victory in the Aloha Bowl, WSU's first bowl win since the 1916 Rose Bowl. Erickson's continued success led to his hiring by the University of Miami although a week before he stated he was not leaving WSU.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Expectations were very high at Miami, as Erickson replaced the successful Jimmy Johnson, who had led the Hurricanes to ten or more wins each the previous four seasons and a national championship in 1987 before departing for the NFL's Dallas Cowboys. Erickson led Miami for six seasons (1989–1994), winning national championships in 1989 and 1991. That gave Erickson more national championships than any other Miami coach. Erickson's 0.875 winning percentage (63–9) at Miami remains the highest in the history of the program. However, his 1993 team went 9–3, the first season with fewer than ten wins for Miami since 1985. That team was drubbed 29–0 by Arizona in the 1994 Fiesta Bowl, still Miami's worst bowl loss ever. In September 1994, the Hurricanes lost, 38–20, to Washington at the Orange Bowl, snapping the Canes' NCAA record 58-game home win streak.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Moreover, in 1991 Miami self-reported rampant violations of NCAA rules dating back to 1985, Johnson's second year. However, when it emerged that an academic adviser had helped players fraudulently obtain Pell Grants, the federal government asked Miami to stop its probe so the Department of Education could conduct an investigation of its own. Ultimately, Miami was placed on three years' probation not long after Erickson left the school, banned from postseason play in 1995 and docked 31 scholarships over three years. Erickson himself was not implicated in wrongdoing.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Erickson was interviewed about his time at the University of Miami for the documentary "The U", which premiered December 12, 2009, on ESPN.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: After turning down offers from both the Denver Broncos and Philadelphia Eagles, Erickson accepted an offer to coach the Seattle Seahawks in January 1995 for about $1 million per year, compared to the estimated $700,000 in his final year at Miami. In his first season, he switched starting quarterbacks from the #2 overall pick in the 1993 NFL Draft, Rick Mirer, and went to John Friesz, whom he recruited to Idaho in 1985. Friesz guided the Seahawks to their second biggest comeback win ever in a game, rallying from 20–0 down at the half after Mirer had started, and took the Seahawks to the final week of the season with an 8–7 record after starting 2–6 and a playoff berth on the line only to lose to Kansas City and finish 8–8. In 1996, the Seahawks finished 7–9, Erickson's worst record with the team. 1997 saw an ownership change in Seattle, in which Microsoft co-founder Paul G. Allen purchased the team from then owner Ken Behring and helped pass a referendum for a new stadium to be built; that season, the Seahawks had one of the best passing offenses in the league, only to finish 8–8 after an 0–2 start in which they were outscored 76–17 in two home losses. After the season, Erickson, who had been told by new owner Paul Allen that he would return in 1998, had to fire longtime friend and assistant the special teams coach Dave Arnold and replace him with Pete Rodriguez.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: With a revamped lineup led by 1997 passing leader Warren Moon, the Hawks flew out of the gate in 1998 with a three-game winning streak (including a Kickoff Weekend shutout of the Eagles at Veterans Stadium), but stumbled and lost their next three games. Later in the year, with the team playing at .500, he turned to Jon Kitna to lead the offense, and they responded with a close win at home against the Tennessee Oilers before going on the road to New York to play the Jets. In a hotly contested game that many viewed as the best combined offensive performances of 1998, the game came down to a blown call on a short touchdown run by Jets quarterback Vinny Testaverde (where he was ruled to have scored despite replay evidence clearly showing his forward progress had been stopped short of the goal line), which cost Seattle the game and Erickson his job. This game would be cited as one of the main reasons the NFL restored its instant replay review system following the season.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: In January 1999, Erickson returned to the college ranks when he was hired at Oregon State University in Corvallis, with a five-year contract at $300,000 per year. The OSU Beavers had become one of three perennial "cellar dwellers" in the Pacific-10 Conference; expectations were so low that Erickson's predecessor, Mike Riley, was promoted to an NFL head coaching position with the San Diego Chargers after leading the Beavers to a 5–6 record in 1998.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: In his first season, Erickson directed the Beavers to a 7–5 record, the program's first winning season in 29 years. They secured an invitation to the Oahu Bowl—their first bowl appearance in 35 years, and Erickson received an improved contract.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: The following year, Oregon State went 11–1, snapped a 33-year losing streak to the USC Trojans, and earned a share of the Pac-10 conference championship for the first time since the conference expanded to ten teams in 1978. It was the first time the Beavers won at least a share of a conference championship since 1964. Oregon State began to develop a national reputation for its high-powered offense and a swarming defense. In fact, the team barely missed an invitation to play in the national BCS title game due to a late-in-the-game missed field goal against Washington. The win over USC did, however, help Erickson's crew clinch a spot in the Fiesta Bowl against the Notre Dame Fighting Irish—the Beavers' first major-bowl appearance since the 1965 Rose Bowl. Oregon State won 41–9, in what is generally considered to be one of Erickson's crowning career achievements.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: At the close of the 2000 season's bowl games, the Beavers were ranked fourth nationally in the AP Poll, their highest final ranking ever. Some media outlets suggested Oregon State would have been a favorite to win the BCS Championship at the Orange Bowl had they been selected.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Before the 2001 season, "Sports Illustrated" ranked Oregon State as the number one team in the nation. However, a lack of returning talent from the 2000 team took its toll, and the Beavers went 5–6. Among the players who hail from Erickson's high-octane 2000 team are NFL stars Chad Johnson and T. J. Houshmandzadeh; both were selected in the 2001 NFL Draft by the Cincinnati Bengals.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Erickson was named "Sporting News" National Coach of the Year in 2000, and his name came up for several high-profile college football positions. In late 2000, Erickson was a primary choice to fill the vacant position at USC, however he spurned a $7.2 million, five-year contract to remain with the Beavers, and the position eventually went to Pete Carroll.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Erickson remained coach at Oregon State for four seasons (1999–2002) before accepting another coaching position in the NFL. His early departure left some OSU fans angry with him for not finishing-out his contract, but he is still credited with playing a leading role in reviving the Beavers football program. Mike Riley returned to Corvallis to succeed Erickson as head coach in 2003.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Erickson returned to the NFL in February 2003 with the San Francisco 49ers, and received a five-year contract at $2.5 million per year.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: The 49ers had serious salary cap problems, and Erickson lasted just two seasons before being fired, along with general manager Terry Donahue, after a 2–14 season in 2004. The hiring of Erickson was very surprising and highly criticized by the fans and the media after a longer-than-usual coaching search to replace the fired coach Steve Mariucci. This move was the first strong indicator that the fans believed that John York was not cut out to be the owner of the team after taking over the franchise from his brother-in-law Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. in 2000. The search began without much direction and several candidates in the coaching search withdrew from consideration. When the 49ers had reportedly named their finalists, three defensive coordinators were named. But the offensive-minded Erickson ended up being hired and due to the timing of the hiring, Erickson did not have the time to properly assemble his coaching staff. The 49ers' offense had mostly players who specialized in the West Coast Offense that Mariucci ran. But the aggressive style of offense that Erickson is known for deviated greatly from that scheme and the hybrid scheme that Erickson tried to employ in order to maintain parts of the West Coast Offense and ease the transition to his offense never worked out. After two seasons, Erickson was fired with three years remaining on his contract; he did not coach during the 2005 season.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: On February 8, 2006, the University of Idaho announced the re-hiring of Erickson as its head football coach. Erickson had won 32 games in his first four seasons as a head coach (1982–85) to establish Idaho as a top I-AA program in the Big Sky Conference. The Vandals moved up to Division I-A in 1996 but had not had a winning season since 1999. Idaho had just completed its first season in the WAC in 2005 when previous head coach Nick Holt resigned in early February, after just two seasons. He left to take a higher paying assistant's job in the NFL, as the defensive line coach for the St. Louis Rams under new head coach Scott Linehan, a former Vandal quarterback and offensive coordinator. After a few days, Holt reconsidered and accepted another job back at USC, as defensive coordinator under Pete Carroll for even more money, more than double his salary at Idaho.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: When asked at his introductory press conference if Idaho was indeed a long-term arrangement, Erickson responded, "You want to look at the age on my driver's license?...This, hopefully, is going to be my last job." Erickson's rejuvenated 2006 Vandals broke to a 4–3 record and were and 3–0 in the WAC, then lost the final five conference games to finish at 4–8 overall and sixth in the WAC. Erickson was paid $215,000 by Idaho and nearly $2.3 million by the 49ers for the fourth year of his NFL contract.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: After just ten months back at Idaho, Erickson left again for the opportunity to lead his fourth BCS program. Arizona State athletic director Lisa Love hired him on December 9 to replace recently fired Dirk Koetter, who had finished the 2006 regular season at 7–5. Arizona State was Erickson's third head coaching stint in the Pac-10, after Washington State and Oregon State.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Arizona State paid $2.8 million to Koetter and a $150,000 buyout to Idaho to complete the hiring of Erickson to a five-year contract. He immediately paid dividends at ASU, leading the Sun Devils to a 10–2 regular season record in 2007, a share of the Pac-10 title, and a berth in the Holiday Bowl. Erickson was named the Pac-10 Coach of the Year; the first to ever win the award at three different Pac-10 schools. He also coached another major award winner; placekicker Thomas Weber was named the Lou Groza Award winner. Erickson worked for the relatively low salary of $500,000 from ASU in his first season, with another $2 million paid by the 49ers for the last year of his NFL contract. The remaining four years of the original ASU contract paid $1.275 million per year. In 2008 the Arizona Board of Regents had approved a contract extension to keep Erickson at Arizona State through June 2012.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Erickson's early success at ASU was not sustained, as the Sun Devils failed to have another winning season and lost three of four Territorial Cup rivalry games against Arizona. In his final four seasons, Erickson was 21–28 overall and 14–22 in conference. After opening the 2011 season with a promising 6–2 record, Arizona State suffered four straight Pac-12 defeats in November to end the regular season, and Erickson was fired on November 28. He was allowed to coach in their bowl game on December 22, but ASU was soundly beaten 56–24 by Boise State in the Maaco Bowl in Las Vegas for their fifth consecutive loss.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: In February 2013, Erickson came out of retirement to join the staff at the University of Utah as the co-offensive coordinator with Brian Johnson under head coach Kyle Whittingham. In announcing the hire, Erickson is quoted "Being around football players and coaches has been my life and that's why I am coming out of retirement, I will do whatever I can to help the players and coaches at Utah be successful and I am excited to get back out on the football field." Erickson retired on December 30, 2016 after 47 years of coaching.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: In 2018, Erickson was named the head coach of the Salt Lake Stallions, a team part of the Alliance of American Football, set to play in 2019. On April 2, 2019 the AAF suspended operations, and went bankrupt on April 17.


title: Dennis Erickson

text: Erickson and his wife, Marilyn, have two sons: Bryce and Ryan. Erickson hired Bryce to the Arizona State staff, as a graduate assistant for his first two seasons. In 2012, Bryce became the head coach at South Albany High School in Albany, Oregon. Later that year, he was hired as an assistant coach for Idaho.


title: Mehazabien Chowdhury

text: Mehazabien Chowdhury is a Bangladeshi actress, model and the winner of Lux Channel I Superstar 2009. Mehazabien began her acting career after winning "Lux Channel I Superstar", (2009) a Bangladeshi beauty pageant, and rose to national prominence for her acting.


title: Mehazabien Chowdhury

text: She has acted in numerous TV dramas and came to limelight after acting in a TV commercial for mobile phone operator Banglalink. In 2017, she was starred in a popular television drama Boro Chele. Mehazabien Chowdhury now brand ambassador of Hair oil brand Nihar Naturals.


title: Mehazabien Chowdhury

text: Chowdhury began her career as a model. After winning the Lux Channel I Superstar contest, she signed to appear in Salauddin Lavlu's ‘"Waris"’. Later, the film was canceled. Chowdhury's first television debut was in "Tumi Thako Shindhu Parey." Mehazabien then started to appear in television in commercials. She played a role as the heroine in romantic-comedy telefilm "Ekai 100" and romantic tragedy "Boro Chele". In 2015, Mehjabin Chowdhury acted in the Mostofa Sarwar Farooki's film "Duboshohor".


title: Mehazabien Chowdhury

text: She was crowned as Lux Channel I Superstar in 2009 where Mounita Khan Ishana finished as first runner up and Sadika Swarna finished as second runner up.


title: Unitary group

text: In mathematics, the unitary group of degree "n", denoted U("n"), is the group of unitary matrices, with the group operation of matrix multiplication. The unitary group is a subgroup of the general linear group . Hyperorthogonal group is an archaic name for the unitary group, especially over finite fields. For the group of unitary matrices with determinant 1, see Special unitary group.


title: Unitary group

text: In the simple case , the group U(1) corresponds to the circle group, consisting of all complex numbers with absolute value 1, under multiplication. All the unitary groups contain copies of this group.


title: Unitary group

text: The unitary group U("n") is a real Lie group of dimension "n". The Lie algebra of U("n") consists of skew-Hermitian matrices, with the Lie bracket given by the commutator.


title: Unitary group

text: The general unitary group (also called the group of unitary similitudes) consists of all matrices "A" such that "A""A" is a nonzero multiple of the identity matrix, and is just the product of the unitary group with the group of all positive multiples of the identity matrix.


title: Unitary group

text: Since the determinant of a unitary matrix is a complex number with norm , the determinant gives a group homomorphism


title: Unitary group

text: The kernel of this homomorphism is the set of unitary matrices with determinant . This subgroup is called the special unitary group, denoted . We then have a short exact sequence of Lie groups:


title: Unitary group

text: The above map to has a section: we can view as the subgroup of that are diagonal with in the upper left corner and on the rest of the diagonal. Therefore is a semidirect product of with .


title: Unitary group

text: The unitary group is not abelian for . The center of is the set of scalar matrices with ; this follows from Schur's lemma. The center is then isomorphic to . Since the center of is a -dimensional abelian normal subgroup of , the unitary group is not semisimple, but it is reductive.


title: Unitary group

text: The unitary group U("n") is endowed with the relative topology as a subset of , the set of all complex matrices, which is itself homeomorphic to a 2"n"-dimensional Euclidean space.


title: Unitary group

text: As a topological space, U("n") is both compact and connected. To show that U("n") is connected, recall that any unitary matrix "A" can be diagonalized by another unitary matrix "S". Any diagonal unitary matrix must have complex numbers of absolute value 1 on the main diagonal. We can therefore write


title: Unitary group

text: The unitary group is not simply connected; the fundamental group of U("n") is infinite cyclic for all "n":


title: Unitary group

text: To see this, note that the above splitting of U("n") as a semidirect product of SU("n") and U(1) induces a topological product structure on U("n"), so that


title: Unitary group

text: Now the first unitary group U(1) is topologically a circle, which is well known to have a fundamental group isomorphic to Z, whereas formula_7 is simply connected.


title: Unitary group

text: The determinant map induces an isomorphism of fundamental groups, with the splitting inducing the inverse.


title: Unitary group

text: The Weyl group of U("n") is the symmetric group "S", acting on the diagonal torus by permuting the entries:


title: Unitary group

text: Thus a unitary structure can be seen as an orthogonal structure, a complex structure, and a symplectic structure, which are required to be "compatible" (meaning that one uses the same "J" in the complex structure and the symplectic form, and that this "J" is orthogonal; writing all the groups as matrix groups fixes a "J" (which is orthogonal) and ensures compatibility).


title: Unitary group

text: In fact, it is the intersection of any "two" of these three; thus a compatible orthogonal and complex structure induce a symplectic structure, and so forth.


title: Unitary group

text: At the level of forms, this can be seen by decomposing a Hermitian form into its real and imaginary parts: the real part is symmetric (orthogonal), and the imaginary part is skew-symmetric (symplectic)—and these are related by the complex structure (which is the compatibility). On an almost Kähler manifold, one can write this decomposition as , where is the Hermitian form, is the Riemannian metric, is the almost complex structure, and is the almost symplectic structure.


title: Unitary group

text: From the point of view of Lie groups, this can partly be explained as follows: O(2"n") is the maximal compact subgroup of , and U("n") is the maximal compact subgroup of both and Sp(2"n"). Thus the intersection or is the maximal compact subgroup of both of these, so U("n"). From this perspective, what is unexpected is the intersection .


title: Unitary group

text: Just as the orthogonal group O("n") has the special orthogonal group SO("n") as subgroup and the projective orthogonal group PO("n") as quotient, and the projective special orthogonal group PSO("n") as subquotient, the unitary group U("n") has associated to it the special unitary group SU("n"), the projective unitary group PU("n"), and the projective special unitary group PSU("n"). These are related as by the commutative diagram at right; notably, both projective groups are equal: .


title: Unitary group

text: The above is for the classical unitary group (over the complex numbers) – for unitary groups over finite fields, one similarly obtains special unitary and projective unitary groups, but in general formula_11.


title: Unitary group

text: From the point of view of Lie theory, the classical unitary group is a real form of the Steinberg group formula_12, which is an algebraic group that arises from the combination of the "diagram automorphism" of the general linear group (reversing the Dynkin diagram A, which corresponds to transpose inverse) and the "field automorphism" of the extension C/R (namely complex conjugation). Both these automorphisms are automorphisms of the algebraic group, have order 2, and commute, and the unitary group is the fixed points of the product automorphism, as an algebraic group. The classical unitary group is a real form of this group, corresponding to the standard Hermitian form Ψ, which is positive definite.


title: Unitary group

text: Analogous to the indefinite orthogonal groups, one can define an indefinite unitary group, by considering the transforms that preserve a given Hermitian form, not necessarily positive definite (but generally taken to be non-degenerate). Here one is working with a vector space over the complex numbers.


title: Unitary group

text: Given a Hermitian form Ψ on a complex vector space "V", the unitary group U(Ψ) is the group of transforms that preserve the form: the transform "M" such that for all . In terms of matrices, representing the form by a matrix denoted Φ, this says that .


title: Unitary group

text: Just as for symmetric forms over the reals, Hermitian forms are determined by signature, and are all unitarily congruent to a diagonal form with "p" entries of 1 on the diagonal and "q" entries of −1. The non-degenerate assumption is equivalent to . In a standard basis, this is represented as a quadratic form as:


title: Unitary group

text: Over the finite field with elements, F, there is a unique quadratic extension field, F, with order 2 automorphism formula_18 (the "r"th power of the Frobenius automorphism). This allows one to define a Hermitian form on an F vector space "V", as an F-bilinear map formula_19 such that formula_20 and formula_21 for . Further, all non-degenerate Hermitian forms on a vector space over a finite field are unitarily congruent to the standard one, represented by the identity matrix; that is, any Hermitian form is unitarily equivalent to


title: Unitary group

text: where formula_23 represent the coordinates of in some particular F-basis of the "n"-dimensional space "V" .


title: Unitary group

text: Thus one can define a (unique) unitary group of dimension "n" for the extension F/F, denoted either as or depending on the author. The subgroup of the unitary group consisting of matrices of determinant 1 is called the special unitary group and denoted or . For convenience, this article will use the convention. The center of has order and consists of the scalar matrices that are unitary, that is those matrices "cI" with formula_24. The center of the special unitary group has order and consists of those unitary scalars which also have order dividing "n". The quotient of the unitary group by its center is called the projective unitary group, , and the quotient of the special unitary group by its center is the projective special unitary group . In most cases ( and ), is a perfect group and is a finite simple group, .


title: Unitary group

text: More generally, given a field "k" and a degree-2 separable "k"-algebra "K" (which may be a field extension but need not be), one can define unitary groups with respect to this extension.


title: Unitary group

text: First, there is a unique "k"-automorphism of "K" formula_25 which is an involution and fixes exactly "k" (formula_26 if and only if ). This generalizes complex conjugation and the conjugation of degree 2 finite field extensions, and allows one to define Hermitian forms and unitary groups as above.


title: Unitary group

text: The equations defining a unitary group are polynomial equations over "k" (but not over "K"): for the standard form , the equations are given in matrices as , where formula_27 is the conjugate transpose. Given a different form, they are . The unitary group is thus an algebraic group, whose points over a "k"-algebra "R" are given by:


title: Unitary group

text: For the field extension C/R and the standard (positive definite) Hermitian form, these yield an algebraic group with real and complex points given by:


title: Unitary group

text: The unitary group of a quadratic module is a generalisation of the linear algebraic group U just defined, which incorporates as special cases many different classical algebraic groups. The definition goes back to Anthony Bak's thesis.


title: Unitary group

text: Let "R" be a ring with anti-automorphism "J", formula_30 such that formula_31 for all "r" in "R" and formula_32. Define


title: Unitary group

text: Let be an additive subgroup of "R", then Λ is called "form parameter" if formula_34 and formula_35. A pair such that "R" is a ring and Λ a form parameter is called "form ring".


title: Unitary group

text: Let "M" be an "R"-module and "f" a "J"-sesquilinear form on "M" (i.e., formula_36 for any formula_37 and formula_38). Define formula_39 and formula_40, then "f" is said to "define" the "Λ-quadratic form" on "M". A "quadratic module" over is a triple such that "M" is an "R"-module and is a Λ-quadratic form.


title: Unitary group

text: To any quadratic module defined by a "J"-sesquilinear form "f" on "M" over a form ring one can associate the "unitary group"


title: Unitary group

text: The special case where , with "J" any non-trivial involution (i.e., formula_42 and gives back the "classical" unitary group (as an algebraic group).


title: Unitary group

text: These are easily seen to be the real and imaginary parts of the complex form formula_44. The two invariants separately are invariants of O(2"n") and Sp(2"n"). Combined they make the invariants of U("n") which is a subgroup of both these groups. The variables must be non-commutative in these invariants otherwise the second polynomial is identically zero.


title: Walter Murch

text: Walter Scott Murch (born July 12, 1943) is an American film editor, director, writer and sound designer. With a career stretching back to 1969, including work on "THX 1138", "Apocalypse Now", "The Godfather I", "II", and "III", "American Graffiti", "The Conversation", "Ghost" and "The English Patient", with three Academy Award wins (from nine nominations: six for picture editing and three for sound mixing), he has been referred to by Roger Ebert as "the most respected film editor and sound designer in the modern cinema." David Thomson, in his "New Biographical Dictionary of Film", calls Murch "the scholar, gentleman and superb craftsman of modern film", adding that "in sound and editing, he is now without peer."


title: Walter Murch

text: Murch was born in New York City, New York, the son of Katharine (née Scott) and Canadian-born Walter Tandy Murch (1907–1967), a painter. He is the grandson of Louise Tandy Murch, a music teacher who was the subject of the 1975 documentary film "" and of Mary Elizabeth MacCallum Scott, a Canadian physician, educator and Christian medical missionary.


title: Walter Murch

text: As a boy, he began to experiment with sound recording, taping unusual sounds and layering them into new combinations. He attended The Collegiate School, a private preparatory school in Manhattan, from 1949 to 1961. In the summer of 1961 he worked as a music librarian and production assistant at Riverside Church's newly founded radio station WRVR, now WLTW. He assisted with the July 29th 1961 live broadcast of a 12-hour folk music Hootenanny produced by Izzy Young. This featured, among many other acts, the first radio performance of the 20-year-old Bob Dylan. Murch then attended Johns Hopkins University from 1961 to 1965, graduating Phi Beta Kappa in Liberal Arts. Murch spent the university school year 1963–1964 in Europe, studying Romance Languages and the History of Art in Italy at Perugia and in France at the Sorbonne.


title: Walter Murch

text: While at Johns Hopkins, he met future director/screenwriter Matthew Robbins, cinematographer Caleb Deschanel, and philosopher Andrew Feenberg, with whom he staged a number of happenings. In 1965, Murch and Robbins enrolled in the graduate program of the University of Southern California's film school, encouraging Deschanel to follow them. There all three encountered, and became friends with, fellow students such as George Lucas, Hal Barwood, Robert Dalva, Willard Huyck, Don Glut and John Milius; all of these men would go on to be successful filmmakers. Not long after film school, in 1969, Murch, Lucas, and others joined Francis Ford Coppola at American Zoetrope in San Francisco. Murch and his family settled in Bolinas, California, in 1972.


title: Walter Murch

text: Murch started editing and mixing sound with Francis Ford Coppola's "The Rain People" (1969). Subsequently, he worked on George Lucas's "THX 1138" and "American Graffiti" and Coppola's "The Godfather" before editing picture and mixing sound on Coppola's "The Conversation," for which he received an Academy Award nomination in sound in 1974. Murch also mixed the sound for Coppola's "The Godfather Part II" which was released in 1974, the same year as "The Conversation". He did sound design work on "Apocalypse Now", for which he won his first Academy Award in 1979 and he was also significantly involved in the re-editing work that resulted in the extended "Apocalypse Now Redux" in 2001.


title: Walter Murch

text: In 1985 he directed his only feature film, "Return to Oz", which he co-wrote with Gill Dennis. After the film failed at the box office, he never directed another film.


title: Walter Murch

text: In 1988 Murch was one of the editors on "The Unbearable Lightness of Being," directed by Philip Kaufman.


title: Walter Murch

text: Murch edits in a standing position, comparing the process of film editing to "conducting, brain surgery and short-order cooking" since all conductors, cooks, and surgeons stand when they work. In contrast, when writing, he does so lying down. His reason for this is that where editing film is an editorial process, the creative process of writing is opposite that, and so he lies down rather than sit or stand up, to separate his editing mind from his creating mind.


title: Walter Murch

text: Murch has written one book on film editing, "In the Blink of an Eye" (1995), which has been translated into many languages including Chinese, Italian, Hebrew, Spanish, French, German, Hungarian and Persian. His book describes many of his notable techniques used in his film editing. One of his most praised techniques he refers to as "the rule of six" referring to the 6 criteria in a film that he examines when making a cut. In his book, Murch also describes editing as more of a psychological practice with a goal of anticipating and controlling the thoughts of the audience.


title: Walter Murch

text: Before this, he wrote the foreword to Michel Chion's "Audio-Vision: Sound on Screen" (1994). He was also the subject of Michael Ondaatje's book "The Conversations" (2002), which consists of several conversations between Ondaatje and Murch; the book emerged from Murch's editing of "The English Patient", which was based on Ondaatje's novel of the same name.


title: Walter Murch

text: In 2007 the documentary "Murch" premiered at the San Francisco International Film Festival, which centered on Murch and his thoughts on filmmaking.


title: Walter Murch

text: In 2012, Murch's translations of short stories by the Italian writer Curzio Malaparte were published as "The Bird That Swallowed Its Cage".


title: Walter Murch

text: While he was editing directly on film, Murch took notice of the crude splicing used for the daily rough-cuts. In response, he invented a modification which concealed the splice by using extremely narrow but strongly adhesive strips of special polyester-silicone tape. He called his invention "N-vis-o".


title: Walter Murch

text: In 1979, he won an Oscar for the sound mix of "Apocalypse Now" as well as a nomination for picture editing. The movie was among the first stereo films to be mixed using an automated console. Additionally, the film is the first to credit anyone as Sound Designer, a professional designation that Murch is widely attributed to have coined as a means to help legitimize the field of post-production sound, much in the way William Cameron Menzies coined the term "Production Designer" in the 1930s.


title: Walter Murch

text: "Apocalypse Now" was also notable for being the second film released in a Dolby sound system that has come to be known as 5.1, with three screen speaker channels, low-frequency enhancement, and two surround channels (one more channel than standard surround sound arrangements at the time). The movie was initially seen and heard in this 70mm six-track format in only 17 theaters, some of which also featured prototypes of the Model 650 subwoofer developed by John and Helen Meyer. In recent years, Murch has asserted that the Meyer Sound subwoofers were more "emotionally significant" to the film's presentations than were the two surround channels.


title: Walter Murch

text: In 1996, Murch worked on Anthony Minghella's "The English Patient", which was based on Michael Ondaatje's novel of the same name. Murch won Oscars both for his sound mixing and for his editing. Murch's editing Oscar was the first to be awarded for an electronically edited film (using the Avid system), and he is the only person ever to win Oscars for both sound mixing and film editing.


title: Walter Murch

text: In 2003, Murch edited another Anthony Minghella film, "Cold Mountain" on Apple's sub-$1000 Final Cut Pro software using off the shelf Power Mac G4 computers. This was a leap for such a big-budget film, where expensive Avid systems were usually the standard non-linear editing system. He received an Academy Award nomination for this work; his efforts on the film were documented in Charles Koppelman's 2004 book "Behind the Seen".


title: Walter Murch

text: In 2006, he was awarded an honorary doctorate of letters by the Emily Carr Institute of Art and Design in Vancouver, Canada.


title: Walter Murch

text: In 2009, Murch's work was the subject of a tribute, "The Art of Walter Murch," a program in "The Professionals," a series by the California Film Institute at the Christopher B. Smith Rafael Film Center.


title: Walter Murch

text: In 2012, Murch was invited to serve as a mentor for the Rolex Mentor and Protégé Arts Initiative, an international philanthropic program that pairs masters in their disciplines with emerging talents for a year of one-to-one creative exchange. Out of a gifted field of candidates, Murch chose Italian film editor Sara Fgaier as his protégée. Previous film mentors for the initiative include Mira Nair (2004), Stephen Frears (2006), Martin Scorsese (2008) and Zhang Yimou (2010).


title: Walter Murch

text: Murch is the 2012 recipient of the Nikola Tesla Award given by the International Press Academy Satellite Awards for "Visionary Achievement in Filmmaking Technology". Previous recipients have included Douglas Trumbull, James Cameron, Roger Deakins, Dennis Muren and George Lucas.


title: Walter Murch

text: In 2015, Murch was presented with the Vision Award Nescens, at the 68th Locarno Film Festival, for his contributions to cinema. The two previous recipients of the award, initiated in 2013, were Douglas Trumbull and Garrett Brown.


title: Walter Murch

text: In 2016, Murch was awarded an honorary doctorate of media by the Southampton Solent University in Southampton, England along with Anne Coates who received an honorary Doctorate of Arts.


title: Walter Murch

text: In 2018, Murch was awarded an honorary doctorate of arts by the University of Hertfordshire, for his contribution to the film industry in the county of Hertfordshire and his contribution towards The Elstree Project and the Film and Television Production degrees. There is a dedicated post-production lab on the Hertfordshire campus named for Murch which opened in 2015.


title: Walter Murch

text: He is the only film editor to have received Academy Award nominations for films edited on four different systems:


title: Walter Murch

text: Murch married Muriel Ann "Aggie" Slater at Riverside Church, New York City, on August 6, 1965. Directly after getting married, the couple took a motorcycle trip across the United States. Since 1972, they have lived in Bolinas, California, and have 4 children: Walter Slater Murch, Beatrice Louise Murch, Carrie Angland, and Connie Angland.


title: Death and state funeral of Boris Yeltsin

text: Boris Yeltsin, the first President of Russia, died of cardiac arrest on 23 April 2007, twelve days after being admitted to the Central Clinical Hospital in Moscow. Yeltsin was the first Russian head of state to be buried in a church ceremony since Emperor Alexander III, 113 years prior.


text: On the day Yeltsin died, President Vladimir Putin declared the day of his funeral, held on 25 April 2007, to be a day of national mourning. The ceremony was broadcast live on the main Russian state TV channels, and was attended by current and former heads of state, with a number of them expressing their condolences. The lowering of the coffin into the grave was accompanied by an artillery salute.


text: Yeltsin died due to heart failure at 3:45 p.m., Moscow time, as a result of progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Yeltsin was hospitalized for 12 days before his death. He was mostly bedridden for the last week, experiencing a sharp deterioration in his health along with heart pain in the last three days. Yeltsin's condition improved slightly on the morning of his death, but then his heart stopped twice, and doctors were unable to revive him the second time. According to Renat Akchurin, the heart surgeon who performed Yeltsin's bypass surgery in 1996, this heart failure was unexpected. An autopsy was carried out on the request of his relatives.


text: Shortly before his death, Yeltsin had traveled to the Middle East (Jordan, Israel and the Palestinian Territories), which may have contributed to his health deteriorating.


text: President Vladimir Putin telephoned Yeltsin's widow Naina Yeltsina on 25 April 2007, to express his condolences. Others to express theirs were Angela Merkel, Jacques Chirac, George W. Bush, Lech Kaczyński, Helmut Kohl, Tony Blair and Bill Clinton. Students and staff of his native Urals State Technical University held a minute's silence and mourning to honor the former leader's memory.


text: The day after his death, a farewell ceremony was held at the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, at 16:30 Moscow time. A half-couch casket and the Russian flag were placed in the center of the church, near a stand with Yeltsin's awards and portrait. The requiem liturgy was given by the Vicar of the Moscow Diocese Archbishop Arseny (Epifanov). An honor guard was present, formed of soldiers from the Kremlin Regiment. The church was open for viewing all evening and night, with around 25,000 people coming to pay their respects. All through the memorial service, representatives were present to accept condolences to the Yeltsin family members: his widow Naina, daughters Elena Okulova and Tatyana Dyachenko, and his grandchildren.


text: After the civil ceremony, which ended at 12:30 p.m. on 25 April, there was a farewell held for officials and representatives of foreign states.


text: The funeral service was led by Metropolitan Krutitsy and Kolomna Juvenal (Poyarkov), assisted by Metropolitan Kirill (Gundyaev) and Clement (Kapalin). During the reading of the Psalms, the funeral rites and the liturgy, Yeltsin was remembered as "First President of Russia Boris Nikolayevich," as opposed to the usual "servant of God, Boris". This change emphasized the President as the modern Russian equivalent to the monarch: the use of titles and patronymic name was the same construction as the heave offerings that were given to the monarch and members of the royal house until the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II.


text: After the burial service, Yeltsin's coffin was closed and carried outside into a hearse which was then escorted through the Novodevichy streets by motorcyclists. Officers draped with the national flag on the hearse and placed it on a gun carriage, whereby it was drawn to the cemetery gates by an armored personnel carrier. From there, the funeral procession continued with the gun carriage being manoeuvred on foot. Yeltsin's coffin was removed and carried by eight officers, with a bell of the Novodevichy Convent. The procession continued to the central avenue to where the grave was, with a small hearse in front of it. The flag was taken from the coffin and handed over to Sergey Sobyanin, who in its turn gave it to Naina Yeltsina.


text: The coffin was taken down and opened again. Metropolitan Juvenal called Yeltsin's family to approach the body one last time, first Yelena Okulova, then Tatyana Dyachenko, and finally, widow Naina Yeltsina. After that a final memorial was performed by Mn. Juvenal, with Mns. Kirill and Kliment assisting, while "Eternal Memory" was sung by a female chorus from the Novodevichy Convent. Metropolitan Juvenal then put a small wreath on Yeltsin's brow. By about 16:30 p.m., the coffin was closed, adorned with flowers and lowered into the grave. An artillery salute of three volleys rang out and a military band played the Russian anthem.


text: The ceremony was attended by more than thirty foreign visitors. These were the heads of state and government and other representatives of various countries, as well as many former heads of state and government, who had worked with Boris Yeltsin.


text: A total of 12 foreign leaders, 16 former leaders, 4 governmental delegates and 3 multilateral leaders attended the funeral. In total, 50 countries and 3 organizations was represented.


text: Yeltsin was memorialised in several ways in 2008. On 8 April, a street in Yekaterinburg, formerly 9 January Street, was renamed "Boris Yeltsin Street". On 23 April, a grand opening ceremony at Novodevichy Cemetery was held for the monument to Boris Yeltsin, made by sculptor Georgy Frangulyan. The memorial is a broad headstone, made in the colors of the Russian flag – a white marble, blue Byzantine mosaics and red porphyry. On the pavement under the tricolor is an engraved Orthodox cross. The ceremony was attended by Yeltsin's family, including his widow, Naina, Russian President Vladimir Putin, the president-elect Dmitry Medvedev, Prime Minister Viktor Zubkov, Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office Sergey Sobyanin, government members, friends, colleagues and others who worked with Yelstin. On the same day, the name of the Ural State Technical University was changed to include "Boris Yeltsin".


title: Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Tiruchendur

text: Chenthilandavar Temple, Tiruchendur is an ancient Hindu temple dedicated to Murugan. It is second among six abodes of Murugan (Arupadaiveedugal) situated in Tamil Nadu, India. This temple is the fourth Hindu temple in Tamil Nadu to get ISO certification. It is located in the eastern end of the town Tiruchendur in the district of Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India. It is 40 km from Thoothukudi, 60 km south-east of Tirunelveli and 75 km north-east of Kanniyakumari. The temple complex is on the shores of Bay of Bengal. Temple is open from 5 AM to 9 PM


title: Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Tiruchendur

text: Arulmigu Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Tiruchendur is one of the six major abodes, or sacred temples, of the Kaumaram religion. Soorasamharam, a reenactment of the victory over Soorapadman, and Kanda Shasti, a devotional song in praise of Murugan are performed at the temple.


title: Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Tiruchendur

text: The temple, which is built near the seashore, measures north to south, east to west, and has a nine-tier gopuram, or tower gate, that is 157 feet (47 meter) high. The principal entrance faces south, and opens into the first of two prakarams, the first of which is lined with rows of Yalis. The inner sanctum of the temple is in a cave and the main deity, or moolavar, is Murugan as a saintly child, portrayed in a granite carving. Naazhi Kinaru, a sacred well fed by a freshwater spring, is located south of the temple. Devotees undergo a ritual cleansing by bathing in water from the well after bathing in the ocean.


title: Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Tiruchendur

text: The Murugan temple at Tiruchendur was occupied by the Dutch East India company from 1646 to 1648, during the course of their war with the Portuguese. The local people tried to free their temple, with no success. The Dutch finally vacated the temple on orders from the Naik ruler. However, while leaving, they removed the sculpture depicting the 2 utsava murthis (this representation of the deities comes out only during Maasi and Aavani tirunal) which is made of an alloy named Shanmukhar, and took it with them. During their sea voyage, they encountered a strong storm and realised their mistake of stealing the murti. They dropped it in the middle of the sea and saw the storm stop immediately. Later, Senthil Aandavan appeared in a dream to Vadamaliyappa Pillai, an ardent devotee of Murugan, and revealed the place in the sea where the idol had been abandoned. Vadamlaiyappa Pillai in the Tiruchendur temple, went to the spot in a fishing boat and retrieved the murti in 1653. The story is shown in paintings inside the temple.


title: Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Tiruchendur

text: The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu.


title: Hetty Wainthropp Investigates

text: Hetty Wainthropp Investigates is a British crime drama television series, starring Patricia Routledge as the title character, Henrietta "Hetty" Wainthropp, that aired for four series between 3 January 1996 and 4 September 1998 on BBC One. The series, spawned from a pilot episode entitled "Missing Persons" aired by ITV in 1990, was co-created by writers David Cook and John Bowen, co-starred Derek Benfield as Hetty's patient husband Robert, and Dominic Monaghan as her assistant and lodger Geoffrey Shawcross.


title: Hetty Wainthropp Investigates

text: Other co-stars in the series include John Graham Davies as local chief of police DCI Adams; Suzanne Maddock as Janet Frazer, a feisty young auto mechanic; and Frank Mills as Robert's brother Frank. In the United States, episodes have broadcast as part of PBS's anthology series "Mystery!". A parody of the series, entitled "Wetty Hainthropp Investigates", aired on 12 March 1999 as part of the Comic Relief telethon starring Victoria Wood, Julie Walters and Duncan Preston.


title: Hetty Wainthropp Investigates

text: "Hetty Wainthropp Investigates" is based on characters from the novel "Missing Persons" (1986) by David Cook, who co-wrote the episodes with John Bowen. The incidents in Cook's novel were inspired by his own mother's experiences. Prior to the pilot going into production, Patricia Routledge read the story "Missing Persons" for BBC Radio 4's "A Book At Bedtime" in February 1987.


title: Hetty Wainthropp Investigates

text: In 1990 ITV broadcast a feature-length pilot, "Missing Persons", featuring Tony Melody as Robert Wainthropp and Garry Halliday as Geoffrey Shawcross, but ITV opted not to pursue a series. The storyline of this episode is ignored in the subsequent BBC series, with the first episode establishing Hetty as a detective in her first case and meeting Geoffrey for the first time. The characterization of Hetty was altered considerably for the series from the pilot. The 'original' Hetty was blonde and far more 'theatrical' in her manner. Additionally, the pilot character lived in considerably better circumstances than the home seen in the series.


title: Hetty Wainthropp Investigates

text: The BBC series was filmed primarily in Burnley, Darwen, Blackburn, Rossendale, Bolton and other locations in Lancashire.


title: Hetty Wainthropp Investigates

text: The music for the series was composed by Nigel Hess, the cornet solo was performed by Phillip McCann and in 1997 the title track was awarded the Ivor Novello Award for best television theme.


title: Hetty Wainthropp Investigates

text: The BBC series was popular with viewers, but no further episodes were commissioned after 1998. In 2008 Patricia Routledge said in an interview that the cast and crew had been told by the BBC at the end of the fourth series that a fifth series would be commissioned, but it never was. In 2017 Suzanne Maddock shared her memories of making "Hetty Wainthropp Investigates" in a 45-minute interview for "The Bill Podcast" and explained how she felt disappointed for the fans of the series that they did not get to see a proper conclusion to the series.


title: Hetty Wainthropp Investigates

text: Hetty Wainthropp is a retired working-class woman from Darwen in North West England, who has a knack for jumping to conclusions and solving crimes of varying bafflement which often are too minor to concern the police. Although on occasion her husband offers assistance, he more often than not tends to the home while Hetty gads about the countryside with young Geoffrey in search of resolution and justice. In many episodes Hetty seeks the help and advice of DCI Adams of the local constabulary.


title: Hetty Wainthropp Investigates

text: All four series have been released on DVD in the United Kingdom and United States by Acorn Media. In Australia, the series was released by Madman Films. In Belgium and the Netherlands, the series was released by Lime-Lights Pictures.


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: Prince Hans of the Southern Isles is a fictional character from Walt Disney Animation Studios' animated film "Frozen". He is voiced by Santino Fontana in the film.


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: Hans is the thirteenth prince of the Southern Isles. Knowing that he will be unable to inherit the throne of his own country, he concocts a scheme to usurp the throne of another country through marriage. Although he is portrayed as honest and noble throughout most of the film, he is later revealed to be deceptive, calculating, and cruel in nature.


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: Hans' villainy is a plot twist in "Frozen", revealed in the film's final act. Despite the acclaim that the film has received, Hans' betrayal has been the subject of mixed reception from some critics. While the character's mastery of trickery and Fontana's performance have been praised, Hans' villainous reveal has been criticized for being too upsetting and confusing for the film's younger viewers. However, others have considered the character's shift in personality to be a valuable lesson that children can learn from.


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: The Disney studio made their first attempts to adapt Hans Christian Andersen's fairytale, "The Snow Queen", as early as 1943, when Walt Disney considered the possibilities to produce a biography film of the author. However, the story and the characters proved to be too symbolic and implicit that they posed unsolvable problems to Disney and his animators. Later on, other Disney executives had made efforts to translate this material to the big screen; however, these proposals were all shelved due to similar issues.


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: He's depicted to have bright auburn/red hair much like Anna. He has green eyes, pales skin, rose cheeks and freckles. For most of the film he was wearing a white, blue and purple suit.


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: He is voiced in "Frozen" and "Frozen Fever" by Santino Fontana. On playing the role, Fontana stated "It's pretty great... When I wanted to be an actor, I always think of like trying to get to the place of the floor is lava, that feeling of like you're a little kid... If I can get to that place of finding like here's what I'm playing like a kid... And the great thing about animation is you're not limited by anything physical or even logical."


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: Since 2014, some local TV stations have been dubbing the movie in their local languages (namely: Albanian, Arabic TV, Karachay-Balkar, Persian and Tagalog). This means that the voice actor varies from country to country.


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: Usually the hero or heroine of the film undergoes a transformation (e.g. Aladdin goes from street rat to prince, Cinderella from servant to princess). In "Frozen", Hans goes from a courtly charmer to power-hungry villain. According to Hyrum Osmond, one of the supervising animators for Hans, Hans initially appears as a handsome, dashing character. The crew wanted the audience to fall in love with him and the relationship he could have with Anna. Then they got to turn him around towards the climax and make it a big shock. According to Lino Di Salvo, Hans is a chameleon who adapts to any environment to make the other characters comfortable. And one of the biggest challenges in designing Hans, according to Bill Schwab, character design supervisor, was to make sure that they covered all aspects of his personality without fully tipping their hand to the audience. He shares similar personalities with various Disney villains: notably, the personality of Lady Tremaine for the way he treats Anna near the climax of the end. He shares with Ratigan from "The Great Mouse Detective", Frollo from "The Hunchback of Notre Dame", Scar from "The Lion King", and Jafar from "Aladdin", intentions for wanting to murder their respective rulers and install themselves as king (which only Ratigan, Frollo and Hans are almost able to fulfill, while Jafar decided he would force Jasmine to marry him and not kill her. On the other hand, Scar had succeeded in killing Mufasa and taking over as king until he was finally foiled by Simba, who forced his confession during their fight). He shares similarities with Gaston from "Beauty and the Beast" in which they were the youngest villains to appear and having the towns fall in love with them. However, the main difference is that Belle quickly saw Gaston for who he is and distrusted him, whereas Hans gained Anna's trust before betraying her. Afterwards, he left a lasting and negative impact on Anna when she realizes that the warning Elsa, and later Kristoff, originally gave her about falling in love with someone she just met


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: Hyrum Osmond, one of the film's supervising animators, later revealed that during the "Love Is an Open Door" musical sequence, a brief moment where Hans, belting out a high note under a waterfall, closes his eyes and raises his arm, was a parody of a signature move by Donny Osmond, of whom Hyrum is a nephew.


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: Once the Southern Isles is given word of Queen Elsa's coronation, Hans is the royal representative that attends in honor of his country. Along with the other invited royalty, he arrives on the day of the event and is first seen arriving in Arendelle on his horse, Sitron, who accidentally runs into Princess Anna when she crashes into his horse, and falls into a rowboat. Using grace and charm, Hans immediately woos the lovesick princess, with Anna almost immediately falling for him due to his wondrous looks and undeniable charisma. Moments later, Hans attends Queen Elsa's crowning, waving to Anna as he watches alongside the other visiting royals and dignitaries. Later on that night, a ball is held in honor of the new queen and Hans appears at the celebration party, soon finding and inviting Anna for a romantic waltz after coincidentally bumping into her once again.


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: During their time together, Hans learns of Anna's longing of having someone special in her life, with her sister apparently developing a dislike of being around her by suddenly shutting Anna out one day when they were kids, to which Hans openly relates to, only furthering Anna's connection with him. And with this, Hans promises to never shut Anna out, unlike Elsa, much to the princess' absolute joy. By the end of their tour, Hans works up the courage to propose, with Anna agreeing in a heartbeat. The two head back to the royal throne room, where the party is being held, to ask for Elsa's blessing. Elsa coldly refuses, denying Anna marrying someone she just met, and subsequently ends the party. Suspecting he has an ulterior motive for wanting to marry Anna, she orders Hans to leave out of frustration. Heartbroken, Anna confronts her sister, but this accidentally exposes Elsa's abilities to conjure up ice and snow, much to Hans' shock, along with everyone else's. The Duke of Weselton immediately declares Elsa a monster, and orders his men to capture her. Elsa flees, accidentally causing an eternal winter over Arendelle while doing so, with Anna and Hans chasing after her until she runs across the surface of the fjord. Anna volunteers to go after Elsa, but Hans objects to her going by herself, considering it too dangerous. However, Anna insists that Hans stay behind to take care of Arendelle during her absence, to which the prince eventually agrees.


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: It does not take long for Arendelle to turn into an icy wasteland. However, through it all, Hans proved to be a worthy ruler, winning the hearts of Arendelle's citizens, gaining their trust and loyalty through his seemingly benevolent and caring ways. Hans does so by distributing free cloaks to the public and setting up soup lines in the palace. The Duke of Weselton is furious that Hans is giving away Arendelle's tradeable goods. Scolding Hans, the Duke then openly expresses his suspicion over Anna and Elsa, believing they're conspiring together to doom them all. Hans immediately snaps and threatens to punish the Duke for treason if he doesn't silence himself. Just then, Anna's horse returns, riderless, making Hans believe Anna is in danger. With the royal guards and the Duke's men, Hans leads a rescue mission for Anna and a hunt for Elsa.


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: A few days later, the army arrives at Elsa's ice palace. As they are approaching the front steps, Elsa's snowlem bouncer, Marshmallow, disguised as a pile of snow by the staircase, suddenly attacks him. While Hans and his army battle Marshmallow, the Duke's two guards make their way inside to take on Elsa. Hans manages to defeat Marshmallow by slicing his leg off, sending him plunging into a gorge. With him out of the way, Hans and the others rush inside to find Anna, but she is nowhere in sight. Instead, they find Elsa merely seconds away from killing the Duke's two guards. Hans is able to stop her, freeing the two thugs. However, one of the thugs attempts to shoot her with his bolt, but Hans interferes and causes the bolt to shoot upward and shatter the hook on a massive chandelier, which crashes down and manages to knock Elsa unconscious. Captured, Elsa is imprisoned in Arendelle's dungeon. Hans decides to pay Elsa a visit, asking her to put an end to the winter. However, Elsa confesses she has no idea how and asks to be released. Hans claims he will do what he can.


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: Anna suddenly returns and desperately begs Hans for a kiss. The two are given privacy and Anna explains that during her journey, Elsa froze her heart, and only an act of true love can save her from freezing to death. However, Hans smirks, revealing his true colors and rejects Anna. Confused, Anna tries to understand what's going on, but Hans simply explains his entire plot to marry her, arrange an "accident" for Elsa, and become king of Arendelle through marriage. Anna tries to stop him, but she is far too weak. After informing her his next move is to kill Elsa and bring back summer, Hans leaves Anna to die, locking the door and trapping her within to prevent others from finding her or prevent her from escaping and interfering. Hans then returns to the Duke and the other dignitaries. He tells them Anna was killed by Elsa, but is unaware that Olaf foiled him by helping Anna escape. He sentences Elsa to death for high treason.


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: Meanwhile, through her magic, Elsa manages to escape her cell by freezing her shackles until they become so brittle that they break, then freezing the wall of her cell until it collapses. Hans chases after her into the frozen fjords as a harsh blizzard consumes the kingdom. He eventually stumbles upon her, and claims to her she cannot escape all the horrible things she has already done. Elsa pleads for mercy, and asks him to take care of her sister for her, to which Hans responds by telling her that Anna has died from Elsa freezing her heart (or so Hans thinks, since Olaf has found Anna and helped her escape). Elsa collapses, and whilst she is distracted, Hans pulls out his sword and prepares to stab her. As he is swinging, Anna suddenly arrives and jumps in front of Hans' sword path, completely freezing solid just before Hans' blade strikes her and shatters. Anna's freezing causes a forceful blast, knocking Hans off his feet and rendering him unconscious.


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: When he awakens several moments later, he finds Arendelle thawed and peace restored. Enraged by what Hans did to Anna and what he was doing to Elsa, Kristoff approaches Hans intending to attack him, but Anna intervenes. Instead, Anna confronts Hans, and the sight of her alive and well confuses Hans, prompting him to ask how she survived the frozen heart curse. She tells him that the only person who has a frozen heart is Hans himself for what he did to her and Elsa. Anna turns her back to him, much to Hans' disbelief, then, in a swift movement, turns around again and punches him in the face and off the side of a ship. Humiliated and defeated, Hans is last seen imprisoned on a ship heading back to the Southern Isles. According to the French dignitary, Hans is set to receive an ultimate (and unspecified) punishment from his older brothers.


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: Hans briefly makes an appearance in "Frozen Fever" where he is seen cleaning up horse manure in the Southern Isles as part of his punishment from his family in his actions against Queen Elsa and Arendelle. After Elsa sneezes into her birthday bugle horn, she creates a large snowball that flies over to the Southern Isles and accidentally catapults Hans into a pile of manure, causing all the horses in the stable to laugh at his misfortune.


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: Hans is frequently mentioned in "Frozen II", and he appears in the snowy flashback manifestations of Elsa's past, where Elsa destroys his figure due to her being bitter at him for his past actions.


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: Hans appears in two short scenes recreating moments from the film, and has no lines. He first appears dragging an unconscious Elsa back to the kingdom for execution, where Sora notes an extreme amount of darkness within him and expresses willingness to kill him if it means saving Elsa and protecting Arendelle from further harm. Hans appears later on trying to kill Elsa, which Anna stops by coming between them and freezing, knocking Hans to the ground as in the film. The scene then diverges from canon, with Hans being consumed by his own darkness and giving birth to a wolf-shaped Heartless called Skoll which serves as the world's main boss. Hans dies when Skoll is defeated, leaving him eternally banished to the Realm of Darkness, a fate shared with Mother Gothel and the Tremaine family.


title: Hans (Frozen)

text: While the film has largely received critical acclaim, critics were divided on the reveal of Hans' duplicity. Gina Dalfonzo from "The Atlantic" questioned the reveal's age-appropriateness, saying, "Children will, in their lifetimes, necessarily learn that not everyone who looks or seems trustworthy is trustworthy—but "Frozen"'s big twist is a needlessly upsetting way to teach that lesson." Other critics disagreed: Melissa Leon from "The Daily Beast" said, "Anna is being ridiculous. But unlike "Snow White" or "Sleeping Beauty", the world of "Frozen" knows that. It uses Anna's ill-thought-out engagement to show exactly why the cliché is unrealistic and absurd—in her case, it even proves dangerous as ... her charming prince turns out to be a two-faced villain." Alyssa Rosenberg of "ThinkProgress" took a moderate position, arguing, "Rather than declaring Prince Charming fantasies good or bad, I think "Frozen" is part of a tradition of adding heft to Prince Charming himself. And that's a good thing. [...] "Frozen" might have been a dud if Hans had only been a jerk. But, so help me, I found myself with some sympathy for the guy."


title: Pete de Freitas

text: Peter Louis Vincent de Freitas (2 August 1961 – 14 June 1989) was an English musician and producer. He was the drummer in Echo & the Bunnymen, and performed on their first five albums.


title: Pete de Freitas

text: De Freitas was born in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, and educated by the Benedictines at Downside School in Somerset, south-west England. His father, Denis, was a copyright lawyer. He joined the Bunnymen in 1979, replacing a drum machine. Bunnymen's singer Ian McCulloch related that they told him "to get stuck into the toms. Budgie [from the Banshees] was the only other drummer doing that stuff at the time and Pete loved his drumming".


title: Pete de Freitas

text: He funded, produced and played drums under the name Louis Vincent on the first single of the Wild Swans, "The Revolutionary Spirit", in 1982, for the Zoo Records label.


title: Pete de Freitas

text: In 1985, de Freitas temporarily left the band. He spent several months drinking in New Orleans, while attempting to form a new group, the Sex Gods. By 1987, he returned to the Bunnymen to record their fifth album, though only as a part-time member. He was married in the same year and his daughter Lucie Marie was born in 1988.


title: Pete de Freitas

text: De Freitas died in a motorcycle accident in 1989 at the age of 27, on his way to Liverpool from London. He was riding a 900cc Ducati motorcycle on the A51 road in Longdon Green, Staffordshire when he collided with a motor vehicle at approximately 16:00. His ashes are buried in Goring-on-Thames.


title: Pete de Freitas

text: His sisters Rose and Rachel were founding members of the band the Heart Throbs. His brother Frank is the bass player of the Woodentops.


title: Niana Guerrero

text: Niana Jose Evidente Guerrero (born January 27, 2006), better known as Niana Guerrero, is a Filipino dancer, singer and social media personality. She is known for her dance covers with her brother Ranz Kyle.


title: Niana Guerrero

text: Guerrero is the daughter of Niño Guerrero and Elcid Evidente. All fellow YouTubers, she has three older half-siblings from her parents' previous relationships, including Ranz Kyle, and one younger full sister Natalia. She made her first appearance in a Chicser dance cover of "Teach Me How to Dougie" in 2011. In 2017, she gained fame in YouTube for her "Despacito" dance cover and has been making dance covers, especially with Ranz Kyle since then. In November 2019, she joined TikTok, where she usually posts dance videos. She is the most followed TikTok personality in the Philippines, reaching more than 30 million followers.


title: Deep Cover (song)

text: "Deep Cover", also known as "187", is the debut solo single by American rapper Dr. Dre and his first track released after the breakup of N.W.A. The track was recorded for the soundtrack of the film "Deep Cover". The song features fellow American rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg in his first appearance on a record release.


title: Deep Cover (song)

text: The album peaked on the "Billboard" 200 albums chart at #166 on July 25, 1992. Apart from the soundtrack compilation, it also appeared as a single and on Dr. Dre's "First Round Knock Out", which spent two weeks on the "Billboard" 200 starting at #52 and later on several greatest hits albums, including: "Doggy Stuff" and "Doggy Style Hits". Like the artist indication on the original 12" vinyl says, "Dr. Dre introducing Snoop Doggy Dogg", it is the first time Snoop Dogg was featured on a record. As a single it had no major breakthrough regarding sales, but it launched Snoop Dogg's career. It samples a number of 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s funk acts, such as Undisputed Truth's "(I Know) I'm Losing You," the song "Bad Times" by Tavares, and Sly & the Family Stone's "Sing a Simple Song", which provided the drumbeat. The bassline is similar to part of the bassline found in the jazz composition "Zoltan," written by Woody Shaw and performed by Shaw, organist Larry Young, and Joe Henderson and Elvin Jones, on Larry Young's album "Unity."


title: Deep Cover (song)

text: The single was set to be released on "The Chronic", but fallout from Body Count's banned song, "Cop Killer", prevented it since this song is also about killing police officers. Despite being praised by critics, the film itself did not have much commercial success, and it only received two nominations on the "Independent Spirits Awards" in 1993; however, the song was well received. During the 2007 VH1 Hip Hop Honors show, T.I. and B.G. performed this song during Snoop's honor ceremony.


title: Deep Cover (song)

text: The plot of the video resembles that of the same-titled movie starring Laurence Fishburne and Jeff Goldblum. An undercover cop goes deep in the hierarchic pyramid of the underground mafia to get the bosses locked up, and "goes deep" also by getting addicted to drugs while trying to not reveal himself. The video begins in the first scene with Snoop, marking Snoop's first appearance in a music video, Dre and a black kingpin in a smoky office in the middle of an initiation where Snoop has to decide between the pipe and being caught up. After that introduction the music starts but the rest of the video is rather cut-to-cut and is a mixture of some five seconds long takes in black and white and some pictures from the motion picture. The scenes take place in a filthy concrete bungalow with several crack addicts and a projector flashing the movie itself on the wall, in addition to a rooftop of a building with the skyline of Downtown Los Angeles directly behind. The house is later raided by the drug squad. There's also a scene with Snoop and Dre wearing business suits in a car, but it has no additional meaning to the plot.


title: Deep Cover (song)

text: There is a remix of the song entitled "One Eight Seven", later known as "Deep Cover – The Remix" on the ""Fuck Wit Dre Day" 12" single and on the 1995 album "One Million Strong", and the Death Row compilation, "Dr. Dre Chronicles: Deathrow Classics". The remix, a minute shorter than the original, has a slightly modified sample and alternate lyrics. The title, which is also a part of the chorus, refers to the paragraph of the California Penal Code that defines murder.


title: Deep Cover (song)

text: This version appears as track nine on the 1995 hip hop compilation "One Million Strong", listed as "187um" by Snoop Doggy Dogg and Dr. Dre.


title: Deep Cover (song)

text: The rappers Big Pun and Fat Joe collaborated to make a cover of the song titled "Twinz (Deep Cover '98)", for Pun's debut studio album "Capital Punishment", released in 1998. The idea for the song was suggested to Pun by Joe, who liked Snoop and Dre's song, and wanted to use it as something listeners of both the East Coast and West Coast rap scenes could listen to. The song was released as a single in 1997. Snoop Dogg also made a brief appearance in its music video.


title: Vu Televisions

text: Vu Televisions (also Vu Technologies) is a television brand and an LED TV and display manufacturer founded by Indian businessperson Devita Saraf, in United States in 2006. It is the largest-selling TV brand across e-commerce platforms in India.


title: Vu Televisions

text: Vu Technologies was founded as a high-end electronics company in 2006 by Indian businessperson Devita Saraf, who became its CEO and Design Head.


title: Vu Televisions

text: With a sales turnover of ₹1 billion, the company turned profitable in 2012. It started exporting televisions to United States. Vu introduced ultra-high-definition television (4K HD) in 2014. At the end of the year, the company, valued at ₹2 billion, was selling about 40,000 televisions a year.


title: Vu Televisions

text: Vu had annual sales of $30 million in 2015, with units sold. Vu Technologies gave away a 25% stake in the company to private equity investors.


title: Vu Televisions

text: In 2016, Vu introduced entertainment-focused apps on its TVs, with video on demand including Netflix as a preloaded feature. The company had 20 own stores in Indian cities. Already producing TVs with a range of input options, including features like MHL compatibility and built-in Miracast support, the company launched Vu SuperMac TV, India's first TV with built-in OS X Mountain Lion Operating System. It has also manufactured Windows and Android-based televisions. Its designer TV sets include one made in collaboration with designer Tarun Tahiliani, with a Swarovski crystal frame.


title: Vu Televisions

text: Aside from India, Vu Televisions are sold in 60 countries. The company sells a majority of its televisions online and has become the highest-selling TV brand across e-commerce platforms in India. In 2016, Flipkart became its exclusive online sales partner. The share of Vu grew to 40% of the total marketshare in the TV category for Flipkart.


title: Vu Televisions

text: Vu Technologies imports all the components for panel manufacturing from China, Taiwan, South Korea and Japan. The company had an annual turnover of ₹5 billion for 2016–17, and Flipkart reported that Vu had grown 200% on its marketplace in that period. According to analysts, the main reason for such growth was its offer of high-quality TV sets at affordable prices. Vu is expected to generate sales of about ₹850–9 billion by March 2018.


title: Pyramid of the Moon

text: The Pyramid of the Moon is the second-largest pyramid in Mesoamerica, after the Pyramid of the Sun, and located in modern-day San Martín de las Pirámides, Mexico. It is found in the western part of the ancient city of Teotihuacan and mimics the contours of the mountain Cerro Gordo, just north of the site. Cerro Gordo may have been called "Tenan", which in Nahuatl, means "mother or protective stone". The Pyramid of the Moon covers a structure older than the Pyramid of the Sun which existed prior to 200 AD.


title: Pyramid of the Moon

text: The Pyramid's construction between 100 and 450 AD completed the bilateral symmetry of the temple complex. The pyramid is located at the end of the Avenue of the Dead, connected by a staircase, and was used as a stage for performing ritual sacrifices of animals and humans upon. It was also a burial ground for sacrificial victims. These burials were done in order to legitimize the addition of another pyramid layer over the existing one. The passing of several rulers, and rapid changes in ideologies, led to the Pyramid of the Moon's exponential expansion between 250 and 400 AD. A platform atop the pyramid was used to conduct ceremonies in honor of the Great Goddess of Teotihuacan, the goddess of water, fertility, the earth, and even creation itself. This platform and the sculpture found at the pyramid's bottom are thus dedicated to The Great Goddess.


title: Pyramid of the Moon

text: Opposite the Great Goddess's altar is the Plaza of the Moon. The Plaza contains a central altar and an original construction with internal divisions, consisting of four rectangular and diagonal bodies that formed what is known as the "Teotihuacan Cross."


title: Pyramid of the Moon

text: Between 150 BC and 500 AD, a Mesoamerican culture built a flourishing metropolis on a plateau about . The ethnicity of the inhabitants of Teotihuacan is a subject of debate, therefore "Teotihuacan" is the name used to refer to both the civilization and the capital city of these people. Teotihuacan was a highly influential civilization in Mesoamerica. The city was home to a religious complex which was the religious center of all of Mesoamerica. The people who lived there constructed a city conducive to religious life and worship by incorporating cosmology into every aspect of the urban plan.


title: Pyramid of the Moon

text: During the initial phase of Teotihuacan, called Tzacualli (0–150 AD), ingenious building systems were developed to erect the monumental bases of the Pyramids of the Moon and the Sun. The Teotihuacan metropolis has a planified urbanization with main axis, and a huge palace surrounded by 15 monumental pyramids. It was said by the Aztecs to have been surmounted by a huge stone figure related to the moon. This figure was uncovered (weighing 22 metric tons and was somehow lifted to the top of the pyramid) and it represents the Great Goddess as a water deity.


title: Pyramid of the Moon

text: Beginning in 1998, archaeologists excavated beneath the Pyramid of the Moon. Tunnels dug into the structure have revealed that the pyramid underwent at least six renovations; each new addition was larger and covered the previous structure.


title: Pyramid of the Moon

text: As the archaeologists burrowed through the layers of the pyramid, they discovered artifacts that provide the beginning of a timeline to the history of Teotihuacan. In 1999, a team led by Saburo Sugiyama, associate professor at Aichi Prefectural University in Japan and adjunct faculty at Arizona State University, and Ruben Cabrera of Mexico's National Institute of Anthropology and History, found a tomb apparently made to dedicate the fifth phase of construction. It contains four human skeletons, animal bones, jewelry, obsidian blades, and a wide variety of other offerings. Archeologists estimated that the burial occurred between 100 and 200 AD.


title: Pyramid of the Moon

text: Another tomb dedicated to The Great Goddess was discovered in 1998. It is dated to the fourth stage of construction. It contained a single human male sacrificial victim as well as a wolf, jaguar, puma, serpent, bird skeletons, and more than 400 other relics which include large greenstone and obsidian figurines, ceremonial knives, and spear points.


title: Pyramid of the Moon

text: The pyramid is shaped like many of the other pyramids of Mesoamerica. The outer layer of the pyramid, which is currently visible features a talud-tablero shape. It has 7 layers of buildings built on top of each other. It is 43 meters tall. Its base is 147 meters in the West to East direction by about 130 meters in the North to South direction. Given the name and contents of the pyramid, it is hypothesized that there the symbolism of the moon may have been associated with water, the rainy season, femininity, fertility, and even earth.


title: Pyramid of the Moon

text: Among Mesoamerican cultures it is common to use the urban planning of their city to echo their cosmological and mythological beliefs regarding the order of the universe. The positioning of this pyramid plays into the narrative of Teotihuacan.


title: Pyramid of the Moon

text: The Pyramid of the Moon was deliberately placed at the end of the Avenue of the Dead and at the foot of Cerro Gordo. This central position makes the processional nature of the Walk of the Dead rather clear. This mimicking of natural structures in human temples has been seen throughout Mesoamerican culture. The relation between the mountain, pyramid, and road has been theorized to resemble a connection between the road and the watery underworld, whereas the mountain serves as a sort of anchor to the earth. Also significant in the larger plan of the city is the orientation of all of the buildings. The north–south axis of the city emphasizes the cosmological and astrological ideologies of the city, since there was a connection between this orientation and the ritual 260-day calendar. The east–west was the worldly structure of the city used for the sake of symmetry. Connecting the Pyramid to the Avenue of the Dead is a public plaza, located at the base of the pyramid. This plaza was viewed as the ritual/sacred site, while the pyramid was seen as a structure built on top of it.


title: Pyramid of the Moon

text: This pyramid has 7 different layers of buildings which were constructed on top of each other in order to update the building's religious power over time. Building 1 is the oldest monument in Teotihuacan, from approximately 100 CE. The structure was a square pyramidal platform with talud side facades that were about 23.5 meters long. Building 2 was a minor enlargement that covered the entire previous structure, while correcting its orientation, which was slightly unaligned from the true east–west axis of the Pyramid of the Moon Complex. Building 2 was also in talud style whose east–west walls were about 29.3 meters long. Building 3 covered the construction before it, but didn't expand much. Building 4: was a substantial enlargement which rendered the building's east–west width is 89.2 meters and its north–south length is 88.9 meters. This building was completed in approximately 250 CE. Building 5 was somewhat expanded, the architectural style of the building was the main shift. The east–west size didn't change, but the north–south wall grew to 104 meters. The style used was talud-tablero on both the main body and an additional adosada platform. This design still used the pyramid as a stage for ritual, rather than a house for a temple. Building 6 grew to be east–west 144 meters while north–south remained the same. This building was constructed to contain Burials 5 and 4 in approximately 350 CE. Building 7 is the final structure, which is still visible today, but was built in about 400 CE. A distinct shift in architectural style between the first three buildings may be indicative of an ideological shift.


title: Pyramid of the Moon

text: This pyramid had several religious functions. The main function of the pyramid was public ritual sacrifice.  Archaeologists have found a great number of sacrificed remains in the foundations of the pyramid. Among the sacrificial victims were felines, birds of prey, snakes, humans, and more. These sacrifices can be carefully cataloged and examined when looking at the different burials within the different layers of buildings. Thus far, archaeologists have found a total of 5 rectangular burial offering complexes within the 7 layers of the pyramid. Sacrificial and inanimate offerings were carefully selected to represent large ideas of Teotihuacan cosmology (such as authority, militarism, human and animal sacrifice, femininity) rather than the worship of a single ruler or deity.


title: Pyramid of the Moon

text: Within the seven layers that make up the Pyramid of the Moon, there are five burial complexes labeled two through six. They were found to have contained sacrificial victims and other remains such as figurines, obsidian objects, as well as nonhuman animal remains. While the pyramid structures are labeled from the earliest to the oldest (one through seven), the burial structures are numbered in the order in which they were found (two through six). For example, burial two and six are associated with the time of the fourth structure, three with the fifth structure, and four and five with the sixth structure. It is important to note that there have been no associated burials within structures one through three. The burials begin in conjunction with structure four. Due to this, Siguyama suggests a large-scale change politically and militaristically within Teotihuacan during the period of which structure four was built. This is because of the substantial increase in size of structure four, as well as the addition of ritualistic burials that correlate to the addition of new structures to the Pyramid of the Moon.


title: Pyramid of the Moon

text: Burial two was built during the construction of Building four and was believed to be built around 250 AD. It contained a single-seated corpse of a man facing west who was probably around 40–50 years of age. The structure also contained part of a different person's occipital bone. The first individual had offerings associated with him such as ear flares, beads, and a pendant. This would suggest that he was of relatively high status. Also, within the pit, their other offerings. First, there were several assortments of figurines depicting a human, blades of obsidian, and shells. The offerings were displayed so that the figurines had the obsidian blades pointing towards their heads. There were also storm god vessels that were placed near each corner of the burial pit. Finally, there was another figure of greenstone, probably depicting a female instead of a male. This is significant because many of the figurines were either not depicted as a clear gender, or were male. Scholars have suggested that this female figure may represent the goddess to which the ritual was being made. Adding to this, there were nonhuman sacrifices as well such as pumas, eagles, falcons, crows, owls, rattlesnakes, and mollusks. The individual found, and his positioning suggests that he was probably bound before he was thrown into the grave hole. Studies on oxygen-isotope and strontium-isotope ratios within tooth enamel and bone were done by White and his team in order to determine possible locations of origin. Their work has revealed that the full skeleton was probably not originally from Teotihuacan, which could suggest that he was a sacrificial victim of war.