title: Willie Watson (musician)

text: In 2018, Willie made his film debut as "The Kid" in the Coen brothers film "The Ballad of Buster Scruggs". He also performed "When A Cowboy Trades His Spurs For Wings" on the film's soundtrack with Tim Blake Nelson – a performance that resulted in an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song.


title: Willie Watson (musician)

text: Watson's debut solo album, "Folk Singer Vol. 1", was released May 6, 2014 by Acony records. It was produced by David Rawlings, producer of Old Crow Medicine Show albums. The release features ten songs, from folk standards to "obscure gems." As Watson himself describes it,


title: Willie Watson (musician)

text: Tour stops to promote the album release included dates at Nashville area's Music City Roots at the Loveless Café, New York City's Mercury Lounge, Philadelphia's World Café Live, and Berkeley's Freight & Salvage. Rolling Stone named the album one of "The 26 Albums of 2014 You Probably Didn't But Really Should Hear", stating, "Watson's voice carries the weight of generations past, but on "Folk Singer", it's still appropriate for the one we live in, right now." Rawlings, who produced the album, said: "Willie is the only one of his generation who can make me forget these songs were ever sung before."


title: Willie Watson (musician)

text: While at work on the second volume of "Folk Singer", Watson stated: "Volume two will be a continuation of Volume one, and consist of old songs." Released September 15, 2017, "Folk Singer Vol. 2" was produced by David Rawlings and featured collaborations with Gillian Welch, The Fairfield Four, Morgan Jahnig of Old Crow Medicine Show, and Paul Kowert of Punch Brothers. In its review of the new album, The Guardian states nobody makes "the old songs sound fresher" than Watson, "thanks to a voice that's young but weathered, strong but eerie, and comes backed by intricate banjo and guitar picking."


title: Willie Watson (musician)

text: Watson appeared as The Kid in the Coen brothers' "The Ballad of Buster Scruggs" (2018), performing in "When a Cowboy Trades His Spurs for Wings." Written by his personal friends and professional colleagues Gillian Welch and Dave Rawlings, the song came about in an interesting way, as Welch explains:


title: Willie Watson (musician)

text: Coen also said, "They have to be able to sing it together. They have to be able to sing it once [the other character] has been shot and is dead and is floating up to heaven." So it was meant to be a duet between singing cowboys, one of whom is dead.


title: Willie Watson (musician)

text: Watson performed on "Lazy Old Moon" for another Coen film, "Hail, Caesar!", from 2016. He performed in "We'll Understand It Better By and By" for the Ben Affleck film "Live by Night" (2016).


title: Willie Watson (musician)

text: Watson regularly tours solo and with other acts. In Summer 2016, he toured Australia with Josh Hedley for "a string of joint-headline shows throughout the east coast" of that country, including the Bello Winter Music Festival in Bellingen. The tour included stops in the major cities of Brisbane, Melbourne, and Sydney where regional "support" acts opened for them—e.g., Imogen Clark, Matt Walker, Freya Josephine Hollick, and Elwood Myre. In Fall of 2016, Watson toured with Aiofe O'Donovan, "captivating" lead singer of Boston progressive string band Crooked Still—with stops in Ohio, North Carolina, and Virginia. Featured vocalist on "The Goat Rodeo Sessions"—a Grammy-winning album by Yo-Yo Ma, et al. – O'Donovan released her debut solo album "Fossils" in 2013.


title: Willie Watson (musician)

text: Watson started with his father's record collection, which included artists like Bob Dylan and Neil Young, as well as Lead Belly. He later discovered Harry Smith's Anthology of American Folk Music – which helped trigger the folk music revival in the 1950s and 1960s.


title: Willie Watson (musician)

text: The Ithaca-Tompkins County area played host to a number of old-time musicians, including banjo player Richie Stearns whose group The Horse Flies mixed old-time fiddle music with 1980s pop.


title: Willie Watson (musician)

text: Nirvana's "Unplugged" includes a take on Lead Belly songs "In the Pines/Where Did You Sleep Last Night." Knowing his father had a Lead Belly record in the basement, Watson went and got it out. He says: "Really, that changed everything for me right there. It was all coming together at the same time." After which followed the "alternative scene", like the Pixies and They Might Be Giants.


title: Willie Watson (musician)

text: Vocally, his first influence was Roy Orbison – when he "was, like, 9" – when Orbison had the comeback with "You Got It" and joined the Traveling Wilburys. And he was really into Neil Young, sitting up in his room singing Young songs in "that higher register." When he eventually started listening to old-time and "mountain music," he found that "singing up there, that high lonesome sound, sort of put a little more volume behind it."


title: Willie Watson (musician)

text: All of these influences informed the style and substance he brings to traditional and old-time music. As Watson himself says of his songs:


title: ThinkGeek

text: ThinkGeek was an American retailer that catered to computer enthusiasts and "geek culture". Described as a "Sharper Image for sysadmins", their merchandise has been likened to "toys for adults, novelties designed to appeal to both your inner child and your inner grad student." These include clothing, electronic and scientific gadgets, unusual computer peripherals, office toys, pet toys, child toys, and caffeinated drinks and candy. ThinkGeek was founded in 1999, was based in Fairfax, Virginia, and is owned by Geeknet, a unit of GameStop.


title: ThinkGeek

text: ThinkGeek was founded in 1999, and originally based in downtown McLean, Virginia. The company was founded by Jen Frazier, Jon Sime, Scott Smith, and Willie Vadnais, all of whom were running a small Internet startup at the time, with ThinkGeek initially starting as a side project. The website's official launch date was August 13, 1999. Andover.net, a Boston area technology news publisher, acquired ThinkGeek in October 1999. Only a few months later Andover.net was acquired by VA Linux, a California-based tech company that specialized in Linux hardware and software products. VA Linux, after several name changes, became Geeknet.


title: ThinkGeek

text: In August 2000, the company moved its offices to Fairfax, Virginia. ThinkGeek grew steadily and increased the number of employees from six in 2004 up to 83 in 2013. Company revenues also increased during this time period, reaching $50 million in sales in 2009 and $118.9 million in 2012. In 2012, ThinkGeek was ranked as one of the top online retailers, listing as #175 on the Internet Retailer Top 500 List.


title: ThinkGeek

text: On May 26, 2015, it was announced that pop culture-oriented retailer Hot Topic had made an offer to acquire Geeknet and ThinkGeek for $17.50 per-share, valuing the company at $122 million. However, on May 29, 2015, it was revealed that an unspecified company had made a counter-offer of $20 per-share; Hot Topic was given until June 1, 2015 to exceed this new offer. On June 2, 2015, it was announced that video game retail chain GameStop had acquired Geeknet for $140 million. The deal was completed on July 17, 2015.


title: ThinkGeek

text: On September 25, 2015, ThinkGeek opened its first retail store at The Florida Mall in Orlando, Florida. In 2016, ThinkGeek opened 25 more physical stores in the U.S., along with 25 international stores. The retailer said they were "committed to creating a seamless omnichannel experience for its customers", including store pickups and ship-to-store options.


title: ThinkGeek

text: In June 2019, ThinkGeek announced that it would be discontinuing its online store, and integrating its e-commerce operations into a "curated selection" of GameStop's online operations. New product details from after the standalone site closed were made public in January 2020, including Jigglypuff and Get Schwifty (from "Rick and Morty") themed Bluetooth Speakers.


title: ThinkGeek

text: The Miami location closed in January 2021. In July 2021, the North Star Mall location in San Antonio, Texas closed. In August 2021, the Austin, Texas; El Paso, Texas; McAllen, Texas; and Tacoma, Washington locations announced on social media that they would be closing on September 26, 2021. As of 2022, no items appear on what was formerly a dedicated ThinkGeek section on GameStop's website.


title: ThinkGeek

text: ThinkGeek ran a points-for-reward system called "Geek Points", under which customers could earn rewards for buying more products.


title: ThinkGeek

text: Most of ThinkGeek's merchandise is licensed from various science fiction and fantasy media franchises such as "Star Wars", "Star Trek", "Firefly", Marvel Comics, "Doctor Who", "Minecraft", and "The Big Bang Theory". Other products offered by the company include classic pop cultural icons like the Magic 8-Ball, or products inspired by science, such as a Schrödinger's Cat Executive Decision Maker.


title: ThinkGeek

text: ThinkGeek was known for its April Fool's Day gags, wherein the site would post a series of fictional, unconventional products referencing popular culture, such as the "Banksy Toaster" (which burns pictures of Banksy artwork into toast), "Where's Barb?" (a "Stranger Things"-themed parody of "Where's Waldo?"), and the "Thor Mighty Mjolnir Mailbox". Some of the more popular items, however, were made into actual products, such as "Canned Unicorn Meat", the "Tentacuddle Blanket", the Tauntaun sleeping bag, and the "Technomancer Hoodie".


title: Shakespearean problem play

text: In Shakespeare studies, the problem plays are plays written by William Shakespeare which are characterized by their complex and ambiguous tone, which shifts violently between more straightforward comic material and dark, psychological drama. Shakespeare's problem plays eschew the traditional trappings of both comedy and tragedy, and are sometimes cited as early predecessors to the tragicomedy.


title: Shakespearean problem play

text: The term was coined by critic F. S. Boas in "Shakespeare and his Predecessors" (1896). Boas' use of the phrase was derived from a type of drama that was popular at the time of his writing, most commonly associated with the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. In these problem plays, the situation faced by the protagonist is put forward by the author as a representative instance of a contemporary social problem. The term can refer to the subject matter of the play, or to a classification "problem" with the plays themselves.


title: Shakespearean problem play

text: As Boas used it, the term "problem play" was originally used to refer exclusively to three plays that Shakespeare wrote between the late 1590s and the first years of the seventeenth century: "All's Well That Ends Well", "Measure for Measure", and "Troilus and Cressida". Some critics include other plays that were not enumerated by Boas, most commonly "The Winter's Tale", "Timon of Athens", and "The Merchant of Venice". The term has been variously applied to other odd plays from different points in Shakespeare's career, as the notion of a problem play remains somewhat vaguely defined, and its use as a classification is still not accepted by all Shakespeare critics.


title: Shakespearean problem play

text: Boas himself lists the first three plays and adds that "Hamlet" links Shakespeare's problem-plays to his unambiguous tragedies. For Boas, this modern form of drama provided a useful model with which to study works by Shakespeare that had previously seemed uneasily situated between the comic and the tragic; nominally two of the three plays identified by Boas are comedies, while the third, "Troilus and Cressida", is found amongst the tragedies in the First Folio, although it is not listed in the "Catalogue" (table of contents) of the First Folio. According to Boas, Shakespeare's problem-plays set out to explore specific moral dilemmas and social problems through their central characters.


title: Shakespearean problem play

text: Boas contends that the plays allow the reader to analyze complex and neglected topics. Rather than arousing simple joy or pain, the plays induce engrossment and bewilderment. "All's Well that Ends Well" and "Measure for Measure" have resolutions, but "Troilus and Cressida" and "Hamlet" do not. Instead Shakespeare requires that the reader decipher the plays. Per Boas, these plays, distinguished by their themes and treatment, require classification beyond comedy; adopting the popular classification of his time, he called them problem plays.


title: Shakespearean problem play

text: Author Neil Rhodes argues that the defining characteristic of the Shakespearean problem-play is its controversial plot, and as such, the subgenre of problem-plays has become less distinct as scholars continue to debate the controversies in Shakespeare's straightforward tragedies and comedies. What differentiates plays like "Measure for Measure" from Shakespeare's explicitly comedic or tragic plays is that it presents both sides of a contentious issue without making a judgement for the audience. Rhodes goes on to claim that this offering of the merits of both sides of the social dispute is a rhetorical device employed but not originated by Shakespeare. Rather, the rhetorical practice of submitting a thesis with a counter-contention that is just as persuasive began in Ancient Greece. Per Rhodes, Shakespeare's problem-plays must address a social issue that can reasonably be debated, ranging from gender roles to institutional power frameworks.


title: Shakespearean problem play

text: Another scholarly analysis of Shakespeare's problem-plays by A.G. Harmon argues that what the problem-plays have in common is how each consciously debates the relationship between law and nature. Many of the problem-plays address a disorder in nature, and the characters attempt to mitigate the disorder in varying manners. In four of the plays that Harmon categorizes as problem-plays, "The Merchant of Venice," "All's Well That Ends Well," "Measure for Measure," and "Troilus and Cressida," the social order is restored when faulty contracts are properly amended. Harmon's conception of the problem-plays differs from others in that he argues that the problem-plays offer a resolution to their respective stories. Much like the characters in the plays must fulfill their contracts, he argues, Shakespeare fulfills his contract as a playwright by providing resolution. Though Harmon's conception of the problem-plays does not align with the common understanding of Shakespeare's problem-plays, he does provide examples of the social dilemmas that Shakespeare addresses through these plays. The common social problem, per Harmon, is the tension between laws establishing order and the natural tendencies of humans. The problem-plays follow a formula: the established laws of society are challenged, chaos reigns over society, chaos is vanquished by the institution of a new order.


title: Shakespearean problem play

text: From the perspective of scholar Ernest Schanzer, a Shakespearean problem-play is first defined independently of the idea of a Shakespearean play and only by what the phrase "problem play" itself necessitates. Schanzer chooses to consider only ethical dilemmas in the definition of "problem," excluding psychological, political, social, and metaphysical problems that may develop. He concludes that problem plays are classified by a pivotal ethical dilemma that instigates multiple opposing but equally plausible opinions from the audience. Using this theory, Schanzer distinguishes only "Measure for Measure" as a Shakespearean problem comedy, identifying both "All's Well That Ends Well" and "Troilus and Cressida" as lacking of a pivotal ethical dilemma that divides the audience. Schanzer offers "Julius Caesar" and "Antony and Cleopatra" in the place of previously recognized problem plays.


title: Enzalutamide

text: Enzalutamide, sold under the brand name Xtandi, is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) medication which is used in the treatment of prostate cancer. It is indicated for use in conjunction with castration in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, and metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). It is taken by mouth.


title: Enzalutamide

text: Side effects of enzalutamide when added to castration include asthenia, back pain, diarrhea, arthralgia, and hot flashes. Rarely, it can cause seizures. It has a high potential for drug interactions. Enzalutamide is an antiandrogen, and acts as an antagonist of the androgen receptor, the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. In doing so, it prevents the effects of these hormones in the prostate gland and elsewhere in the body.


title: Enzalutamide

text: Enzalutamide was first described in 2006, and was introduced for the treatment of prostate cancer in 2012. It was the first second-generation NSAA to be introduced. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.


title: Enzalutamide

text: There is good evidence that enzalutamide is an effective treatment for increasing overall survival among people with high-risk non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, particularly those with a PSA doubling time ≤ 6 months.


title: Enzalutamide

text: Enzalutamide is provided in the form of a 40 mg Capsule. It is taken orally at a dosage of 160 mg once per day (four capsules).


title: Enzalutamide

text: Notable side effects of enzalutamide seen in clinical trials have included gynecomastia, breast pain/tenderness, fatigue, diarrhea, hot flashes, headache, sexual dysfunction, and, less commonly, seizures. Other "common" side effects reported in clinical trials have included neutropenia, visual hallucinations, anxiety, cognitive disorder, memory impairment, hypertension, dry skin, and pruritus (itching). Enzalutamide monotherapy is regarded as having a moderate negative effect on sexual function and activity, significantly less than that of GnRH analogues but similar to that of other NSAAs such as bicalutamide.


title: Enzalutamide

text: Seizures have occurred in approximately 1% of patients treated with enzalutamide in clinical trials. This is thought to be due to enzalutamide crossing the blood–brain barrier and exerting off-target binding to and inhibition of the GABA receptor in the central nervous system (it has been found to inhibit the GABA receptor "in vitro" ( = 3.6 μM) and induces convulsions in animals at high doses). In addition to seizures, other potentially GABA receptor-related side effects observed with enzalutamide treatment in clinical trials have included anxiety, insomnia, vertigo, paresthesia, and headache. Due to its ability to lower the seizure threshold, patients with known seizure disorders or brain injury should be closely monitored during enzalutamide treatment. NSAA-induced seizures are responsive to benzodiazepine treatment, and it has been suggested that GABA receptor inhibition by enzalutamide could be treated with these drugs. In dose-ranging studies, severe fatigue was observed with enzalutamide at doses of 240 mg/day and above.


title: Enzalutamide

text: There is a single case report of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) with enzalutamide treatment. The mechanism of action of the side effect is unknown, but it was proposed to a consequence of inhibition of the GABA receptor by enzalutamide.


title: Enzalutamide

text: Enzalutamide is a moderate to strong inducer of multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes including CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 and hence has a high potential for clinically relevant drug interactions. Circulating concentrations of enzalutamide may be altered by inhibitors and inducers of CYP2C8 and CYP3A4, and should be avoided if possible.


title: Enzalutamide

text: In a clinical study of enzalutamide for -positive breast cancer in women, enzalutamide was found to decrease serum concentrations of the aromatase inhibitors anastrozole and exemestane by 90% and 50%, respectively, which could reduce their effectiveness.


title: Enzalutamide

text: Enzalutamide acts as a selective silent antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Unlike the first-generation NSAA bicalutamide, enzalutamide does not promote translocation of AR to the cell nucleus and in addition prevents binding of AR to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and AR to coactivator proteins. As such, it has been described as an AR signaling inhibitor in addition to antagonist. The drug is described as a "second-generation" NSAA because it has greatly increased efficacy as an antiandrogen relative to so-called "first-generation" NSAAs like flutamide and bicalutamide. The drug has only 2-fold lower affinity for the AR than DHT, the endogenous ligand of the AR in the prostate gland.


title: Enzalutamide

text: When LNCaP cells (a prostate cancer cell line) engineered to express elevated levels of AR (as found in patients with advanced prostate cancer) were treated with enzalutamide, the expression of androgen-dependent genes PSA and TMPRSS2 was down regulated in contrast to bicalutamide where the expression was upregulated. In VCaP cells which over-express the AR, enzalutamide induced apoptosis whereas bicalutamide did not. Furthermore, enzalutamide behaves as an antagonist of the W741C mutant AR in contrast to bicalutamide which behaves as a pure agonist when bound to the W741C mutant.


title: Enzalutamide

text: Enzalutamide monotherapy at a dosage of 160 mg/day has been found to increase circulating levels of testosterone by 114.3%, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by 51.7%, estradiol by 71.7%, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) by 100.6%, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) by 9.6%, androstenedione by 51.1%, luteinizing hormone (LH) by 184.7%, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by 47.0%, and prolactin by 16.8%. These changes in hormone levels are similar to those with high-dose bicalutamide monotherapy. The median maximum decrease in levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels was 99.6%.


title: Enzalutamide

text: Enzalutamide has approximately 8-fold higher binding affinity for the androgen receptor (AR) compared to bicalutamide. One study found an of 21 nM for enzalutamide and 160 nM for bicalutamide at the AR in the LNCaP cell line (7.6-fold difference), while another found respective IC values of 36 nM and 159 nM (4.4-fold difference). In accordance, clinical findings suggest that enzalutamide is a significantly more potent and effective antiandrogen in comparison to first-generation NSAAs such as bicalutamide, flutamide, and nilutamide. Also, unlike with the first-generation NSAAs, there has been no evidence of hepatotoxicity or elevated liver enzymes in association with enzalutamide treatment in clinical trials.


title: Enzalutamide

text: Enzalutamide is only effective for a certain period of time, after that the growth of the cancer is not inhibited by this antiandrogen. The mechanisms of resistance to Enzalutamide are being intensively studied. Currently, several mechanisms have been found:


title: Enzalutamide

text: Enzalutamide is reported to be a strong inducer of the enzyme CYP3A4 and a moderate inducer of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, and can affect the circulating concentrations of drugs that are metabolized by these enzymes.


title: Enzalutamide

text: The bioavailability of enzalutamide in humans is unknown, but is at least 84.6% based on the amount recovered from urine and bile in excretion studies. Similarly, the bioavailability of enzalutamide in rats is 89.7%. Steady-state concentrations of enzalutamide are achieved within 28 days of treatment initiation. The plasma protein binding of enzalutamide is 97 to 98%, while that of "N"-desmethylenzalutamide (NDME), its major metabolite, is 95%. Enzalutamide is primarily bound to albumin. The medication is metabolized in the liver, mainly by the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C8 and CYP3A4. CYP2C8 is primarily responsible for the formation of NDME. Enzalutamide has a long elimination half-life of 5.8 days on average, with a range of 2.8 to 10.2 days. The elimination half-life of NDME is even longer, at about 7.8 to 8.6 days. Enzalutamide is eliminated 71.0% in urine, 13.6% in bile, and 0.39% in feces.


title: Enzalutamide

text: Enzalutamide is a synthetic diaryl thiohydantoin derivative and is structurally related to the earlier first-generation NSAAs such as flutamide, nilutamide, and bicalutamide as well as to newer second-generation NSAAs like apalutamide and proxalutamide.


title: Enzalutamide

text: Enzalutamide was discovered by Charles Sawyers, now at the Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, and Michael Jung at the University of California, Los Angeles. They and their colleagues synthesized and evaluated nearly 200 thiohydantoin derivatives of RU-59063, an analogue of nilutamide, for AR antagonism in human prostate cancer cells, and identified enzalutamide and RD-162 as lead compounds. These compounds were patented in 2006 and described in 2007. Enzalutamide was developed and marketed by Medivation for the treatment of prostate cancer. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of mCRPC in the United States in August 2012, and for the treatment of nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in July 2018. Enzalutamide was the first new AR antagonist to be approved for the treatment of prostate cancer in over 15 years, following the introduction of the first-generation NSAA bicalutamide in 1995. It was the first second-generation NSAA to be introduced.


title: Enzalutamide

text: Research suggests that enzalutamide may be effective in the treatment of certain types of breast cancer in women. It has been tested for the treatment of triple-negative, AR-positive breast cancer in a phase II clinical trial.


title: Enzalutamide

text: Enzalutamide has been suggested as a potential treatment for hirsutism and hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.


title: German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war

text: During World War II, Nazi Germany engaged in a policy of deliberate maltreatment of Soviet prisoners of war (POWs), in contrast to their general treatment of British and American POWs. This policy, which amounted to deliberately starving and working to death Soviet POWs, the bulk of whom were Slavs, was grounded in Nazi racial theory, which depicted Slavs as sub-humans ("Untermenschen"). The policy resulted in some 3.3 to 3.5 million deaths.


text: During Operation Barbarossa, the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, and the subsequent German–Soviet War, millions of Red Army (and other Soviet Armed Forces) prisoners of war were taken. Many were executed arbitrarily in the field by the German forces or handed over to the SS to be shot, under the Commissar Order. Most, however, died during the death marches from the front lines or under inhumane conditions in German prisoner-of-war camps and concentration camps.


text: It is estimated that at least 3.3 million Soviet POWs died in Nazi custody, out of 5.7 million. This figure represents a total of 57% of all Soviet POWs and it may be contrasted with 8,300 out of 231,000 British and U.S. prisoners, or 3.6%. About 5% of the Soviet prisoners who died were Jews. The most deaths took place between June 1941 and January 1942, when the Germans killed an estimated 2.8 million Soviet POWs primarily through deliberate starvation, exposure, and summary execution. A million at most had been released, most of whom were so-called 'volunteers' (Hilfswillige) for (often compulsory) auxiliary service in the Wehrmacht, 500,000 had fled or were liberated, the remaining 3.3 million had perished as POWs.


text: The figure of 3.3 million POW dead is based on German figures and analysis. Data published in Russia presents a different view of Soviet POW dead. Viktor Zemskov estimated Soviet POW deaths at 2.3 million; he published statistics that put Soviet POW losses at 2,471,000 (5,734,000 were captured, 821,000 were released for German military service, 72,000 escaped and 2,371,000 liberated ). Of the 823,000 POWS released for service in the German military forces 212,400 were killed or missing, 436,600 were returned to the USSR and imprisoned and 180,000 remained in western countries after the war. Russian military historian Grigori F. Krivosheev maintained POW and MIA losses of the combat forces were actually 1.783 million, according to Krivosheev the higher figures of dead includes reservists not on active strength, civilians and military personnel who were captured during the course of the war.


text: By September 1941, the mortality rate among Soviet POWs was in the order of 1% per day. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), by the winter of 1941, "starvation and disease resulted in mass death of unimaginable proportions". This deliberate starvation, despite food being available, led many desperate prisoners to resort to acts of cannibalism, was Nazi policy, and was all in accordance with the Hunger Plan developed by the Reich Minister of Food Herbert Backe. For the Germans, Soviet POWs were expendable: they consumed calories needed by others and, unlike Western POWs, were considered to be subhuman.


text: The Commissar Order (German: "Kommissarbefehl") was a written order given by the German High Command (OKW) on 6 June 1941, prior to the beginning of Operation Barbarossa (German invasion of the Soviet Union). It demanded that any Soviet political commissar identified among captured troops be shot immediately. Those prisoners who could be identified as "thoroughly bolshevized or as active representatives of the Bolshevist ideology" were also to be executed.


text: In the summer and autumn of 1941, vast numbers of Soviet prisoners were captured in about a dozen large encirclements. Due to their rapid advance into the Soviet Union and an anticipated quick victory, the Germans did not want to ship these prisoners to Germany. Under the administration of the Wehrmacht, the prisoners were processed, guarded, forced-marched, or transported in open rail cars to locations mostly in the occupied Soviet Union, Germany, and occupied Poland. Much like comparable events, such as the Pacific War's Bataan Death March in 1942, the treatment of prisoners was brutal, without much in the way of supporting logistics.


text: Soviet prisoners of war were stripped of their supplies and clothing by poorly-equipped German troops when the cold weather set in; this resulted in death for the prisoners. Most of the camps for Soviet POWs were simply open areas fenced off with barbed wire and watchtowers with no inmate housing. These meager conditions forced the crowded prisoners to live in holes they had dug for themselves, which were exposed to the elements. Beatings and other abuse by the guards were common, and prisoners were malnourished, often consuming only a few hundred kilocalories or less per day. Medical treatment was non-existent and an International Red Cross offer to help in 1941 was rejected by Hitler. The Soviet government ignored offers of help from the International Red Cross as well as prisoner exchanges from the Axis forces.


text: Some of the Soviet POWs were also experimented on. In one such case, Dr. Heinrich Berning from Hamburg University starved prisoners to death as "famine experiments". In another instance, a group of prisoners at Zhitomir were shot using dum-dum bullets.


text: The camps established especially for Soviet POWs were called "Russenlager" ("Russian camp"). The Allied regulars kept by Germany were usually treated in accordance with the 1929 Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War. Although the Soviet Union was not a signatory, Germany was, and Article 82 of the Convention required signatories to treat all captured enemy soldiers "as between the belligerents who are parties thereto". "Russenlager" conditions were often even worse than those commonly experienced by prisoners in regular concentration camps. Such camps included:


text: In the "weeding-out actions" ("Aussonderungsaktionen") of 1941–42, the Gestapo further identified Communist Party and state officials, commissars, academic scholars, Jews and other "undesirable" or "dangerous" individuals who had survived the Commissar Order selections, and transferred them to concentration camps, where they were summarily executed. At Stalag VII-A at Moosburg, Major Karl Meinel objected to these executions, but the SS (including Karl von Eberstein) intervened, Meinel was demoted to reserve, and the killing continued.


text: In all, between June 1941 and May 1944 about 10% of all Soviet POWs were turned over to the SS-Totenkopfverbände concentration camp organization or the Einsatzgruppen death squads and murdered. Einsatzgruppen killings included the Babi Yar massacres where Soviet POWs were among 70,000–120,000 people executed between 1941 and 1943 and the Ponary massacre that included the execution of some 7,500 Soviet POWs in 1941 (among about 100,000 murdered there between 1941 and 1944).


text: Between 140,000 and 500,000 Soviet prisoners of war died or were executed in Nazi concentration camps. Most of those executed were killed by shooting, though some were gassed.


text: In January 1942, Hitler authorized better treatment of Soviet POWs because the war had bogged down, and German leaders decided to use prisoners for forced labour on a large scale. Their number increased from barely 150,000 in 1942, to the peak of 631,000 in the summer of 1944. Many were dispatched to the coal mines (between 1 July and 10 November 1943, 27,638 Soviet POWs died in the Ruhr Area alone), while others were sent to Krupp, Daimler-Benz or other companies, where they provided labour while often being slowly worked to death. The largest "employers" of 1944 were mining (160,000), agriculture (138,000) and the metal industry (131,000). No less than 200,000 prisoners died during forced labour.


text: The Organisation Todt was a civil and military engineering group in Germany eponymously named for its founder Fritz Todt. The organisation was responsible for a wide range of engineering projects both in pre-World War II Germany, and in Germany itself and occupied territories from France to the Soviet Union during the war, and became notorious for using forced labour. Most of the so-called "volunteer" Soviet POW workers were consumed by the Organisation Todt. The period from 1942 until the end of the war had approximately 1.4 million labourers in the service of the Organisation Todt. Overall, 1% were Germans rejected from military service and 1.5% were concentration camp prisoners; the rest were prisoners of war and compulsory labourers from occupied countries. All non-Germans were effectively treated as slaves and many did not survive the work or the war.


text: Even during the war, servicemen who had escaped from the encirclement and who crossed the front line from among the civilian population, after filtration, were sent mainly to replenish the rear units, in particular labor armies. These armies built military-industrial facilities, in particular the Kuibyshev Aviation Plant, etc.


text: To check "former Red Army servicemen who were in captivity and surrounded by the enemy," a network of testing and filtration camps was created by the decree of the State Defense Committee of 27 December 1941. In 1942, in addition to the previously existing Yuzhsky special camp, 22 more camps were created in the Vologda, Tambov, Ryazan, Kursk, Voronezh and other regions. In practice, these special camps were military high security prisons, and for prisoners, who in the overwhelming majority did not commit any crimes.


text: In 1944, the flow of prisoners of war and repatriated returning to the Soviet Union increased sharply. In the summer of this year, a new system of filtering and screening by the state security authorities of all returnees was developed and then introduced.


text: In the spring and summer of 1945, a large number of repatriates accumulated at check-filtration and collection-transfer points in Germany and other European countries, several times exceeding the throughput of these points.


text: The Soviet and Russian military historian G.F.Krivosheev indicates the following figures based on the data of the NKVD: out of 1,836,562 soldiers who returned home from captivity, 233,400 people were convicted in connection with the accusation of cooperation with the enemy and were serving sentences in the GULAG system. Most of them were released quickly after routine processing.


text: During the war, servicemen released from captivity in most cases, after a short check, were restored to military service, moreover, enlisted and non-commissioned personnel mainly in ordinary military units, and officers, as a rule, were deprived of their officer ranks, and from them officer assault (penalty) battalions were formed ... In the post-war period, the released officers were sent to the NKVD camps and spare parts of the Red Army Glavupraform for a more thorough check.


text: After the war, the privates and sergeants released from captivity, who did not serve in the German army or traitorous formations, were divided into two large groups according to age - demobilized and non-demobilized age. In 1945, after the dismissal from the army to the reserve of the Red Army men of those ages who were subject to the demobilization order, ordinary and non-commissioned prisoners of war of the corresponding ages were also released to their homes. Prisoners of war of the rank and file and non-demobilized ages, in accordance with a special decree of the State Defense Committee of 18 August 1945, were sent to workers' battalions to work in industry and restore facilities destroyed during the war.


text: By the directive of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR of 12 July 1946, the workers' battalions were disbanded, and the term "transferred to permanent cadres of industry" was applied to those enrolled in them. They had no right to change jobs and return to their homeland even after their peers were demobilized from the army.


text: In 1956, a massive review of the cases of convicted former prisoners of war took place. At the initiative of Georgy Zhukov, Minister of Justice Konstantin Gorshenin and Attorney General Roman Rudenko issued a joint decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the USSR Council of Ministers on 29 June 1956 "On elimination of the consequences of gross violations of the law in respect of former prisoners of war and their families". After that, prosecutorial protests began to be introduced against the sentences to Soviet prisoners of war. As a result of consideration of the protests of the military prosecutor's office made in the second half of 1956, the courts terminated cases with full rehabilitation against 253 convicts, and another 13 convicts changed their sentences with retraining. For example, on 11 December 1956, the plenum of the USSR Supreme Court terminated the criminal case against the former prisoner of war P. Okhotin - for lack of corpus delicti. When the case was reconsidered, it turned out that Okhotin, who performed the duties of a cook in a German camp, became the victim of a slander in beating prisoners of war who disturbed the order in the kitchen (because of this slander, on 16 July 1948, he was sentenced by the tribunal of the Leningrad Military District to 25 years in forced labor camps). On 20 September 1956, a decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet extended the amnesty decree of 17 September 1955 to former Soviet servicemen convicted of aiding the enemy. For former prisoners of war, the punishment was reduced to actually served and they were subject to release. The cases of the deceased former prisoners of war were not checked.


title: Zoe Telford

text: Telford was born in Norwich, England. She started training as a dancer at a very young age and continued until she was in her 20s. She attended the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts. Her first break was on the show "The Bill", a police drama, in 1993.


title: Zoe Telford

text: After guesting in "The Bill", Telford appeared as a guest on several British TV shows before her first major role in the mini-series "The Last Train" (1999). One of her first recognisable works was in the first season of Channel 4's "Teachers" (2001) in which she played Maggie, a police officer and girlfriend to the character Simon Casey, played by Andrew Lincoln.


title: Zoe Telford

text: In the TV movie "Men Only" (2001), she played Alice, a nurse who was gang-raped by a group of men known to her and with whom she had flirted, played by, among others, Stephen Moyer and Martin Freeman. She played the social worker Christina Leith in "Real Men" (2003), a two part TV drama that tackled the subject of paedophilia. Telford appeared as Eva Braun in the 2003 Emmy-nominated "" opposite Robert Carlyle. The TV movie was broadcast in the US on CBS with some controversy as it reportedly "likened the nation's acceptance of the Bush administration's pre-emptive strike on Iraq to the climate of fear that allowed Hitler to prosper". Her screen time was short since the film focused more on the events leading up to the Final Solution.


title: Zoe Telford

text: In "Agatha Christie's Poirot's Death on the Nile" (2004), Telford played Rosalie Otterbourne, one of the cruise passengers alongside Emily Blunt, James Fox, and David Suchet. She played Alison Jackman, a young trainee at the fictional PR firm of Prentiss McCabe headed by Stephen Fry in the BBC's "Absolute Power" (2003–2005), and trauma doctor Jane Cameron in "The Golden Hour" (2005), a four part ITV miniseries.


title: Zoe Telford

text: In 2006 Telford played Emily Trefusis in "Agatha Christie's Marple's The Sittaford Mystery", produced jointly by Granada and WGBH-Boston. The show was broadcast in the US as part of the PBS "Mystery!" anthology series and marked her first collaboration with Laurence Fox. She was also in three different movies in the same year: "", "The Painted Veil" (starring Naomi Watts), and "The Truth" (starring Elizabeth McGovern). She played Abigail Thomas, Assistant Private Secretary (APS) to the Sovereign, in the eight episode ITV series "The Palace" (2008). The show was originally conceived as an answer to "The West Wing" but underwent several script changes and, according to Telford, "became a very different thing to what it originally started out as". In 2008 she worked for the first time with Juliet Stevenson in the three part ITV series "Place of Execution"; the show was broadcast in the US in the following year as part of the PBS "Mystery!" anthology.


title: Zoe Telford

text: In 2009 Telford appeared in several other procedural drama shows including "" (2009), the second season of "Criminal Justice" (2009) where she played the defence barrister for Maxine Peake’s character Julie, and "Collision" (2009) which was broadcast in the US under the PBS "Masterpiece Contemporary". In the same year she appeared as a freelance tabloid reporter in two episodes of the comedy series "The Thick of It" (2009). In 2010 she appeared in "Foyle's War" (2010), shown in the US under the PBS "Mystery!" series. She also appeared in Episodes 2 and 3 of the first season of the BBC's "Sherlock" (2010) as Sarah, a physician colleague and love interest of Dr. John Watson, played by her "Men Only" co-star Martin Freeman. Telford's appearance as Freya Carlisle in "Lewis" (2011) reunited her with Juliet Stevenson and James Fox; while her appearance as Eva Storr in the BBC's Room at the Top (2012) reunited her with her "Criminal Justice " co-star Maxine Peak. She played the newly created character Claire Sutton, a policy adviser, in the 2013 remake of "Yes, Prime Minister".


title: Zoe Telford

text: Telford won a Special Commendation Award for her role in the film "Greyhawk" at the 2014 Edinburgh International Film Festival, where the film premiered. She plays Paula, a beleaguered housewife who helps Mal, a blind veteran, find his dog.


title: Zoe Telford

text: She appeared in the Series 17 opening episodes of "Silent Witness" (2015) as DCI Jane de Freitas. Her role as Bella Cross, the daughter of one of the main suspects in the first season of "Unforgotten" (2015) reunited her with Nicola Walker, her former co-star in "The Last Train". She played the tragic Clara Haber in the first season of National Geographic's "Genius – Einstein" (2017). She appeared in other British TV series including "Death in Paradise" (2018) as Michelle Devaux, a professional poker player, and "Grantchester" (2019) as Professor Jean Simms, Head of the Computing Department at the University of Cambridge, set in the 1950s. She played Sarah Bradford, the missing wife of DI David Bradford in the TV series "London Kills" (2019), produced by Acorn TV and acquired by the BBC for 2020 release in the UK.


title: Hi-Chew

text: Hi-Chew candy was first released in 1975. It was re-released in the packaging of individually wrapped candies in February 1996.


title: Hi-Chew

text: The origins of Hi-Chew began when Taichiro Morinaga sought to create an edible kind of chewing gum that could be swallowed because of the Japanese cultural taboo against taking food out of one's mouth. Morinaga already produced caramel. By combining his chewy caramel with flavoring, Morinaga was able to create his new candy called Chewlets in 1931. Morinaga, whose business was hampered immensely by World War II, had to rebuild his company from scratch, and Chewlets were reintroduced in the form of Hi-Chews, as they are known today.


title: Hi-Chew

text: Hi-Chew candies are individually wrapped in logo-stamped foil or plain white wax paper (depending on the localization). Each individual candy piece consists of an outer white coating (this is the same for most flavors) and a colored, flavored interior. The exceptions to this rule are the Strawberry Cheesecake, Yogurt, and Cotton Candy, Sweet and Sour Mix, and Superfruit Mix flavors, which have an outer colored coating with a white, flavored inside, whereas the Cola flavored Hi-Chews are brown colored.


title: Hi-Chew

text: The texture is similar to a cross between chewing gum and fruit-flavored candies in the United States and other western countries such as the German brand Mamba or the British brand Starburst. Hi-Chew is commonly sold in Taiwan, Shanghai, Singapore, and Hong Kong. Outside of Asia the candy is sold in specialty shops and import stores.. In Walt Disney World's Epcot in Florida, Hi-Chew can be also found sold in a smaller package and translated into English.


title: Hi-Chew

text: Special editions are sometimes released, normally focusing on a specific fruit farmed in Japan and the location where they are grown; examples include Seto Inland Sea Lemon and Okinawan Shikuwasa.


title: Hi-Chew

text: Starting in 2012, Hi-Chew became a gluten-free product. Although the candy never actually contained gluten ingredients, it had been processed in factories that processed gluten. Hi-Chew contains gelatin ingredients derived from pork, so it is not halal, kosher, or vegetarian.


title: Hi-Chew

text: Hi-Chew's ingredients include glucose syrup, sugar, hydrogenated palm kernel oil, gelatin, natural and artificial flavors, strawberry juice from concentrate, DL-malic acid, citric acid, emulsifiers, sodium lactate solution, and natural colors (beta-carotene, carmine). Hi-Chew may contain soybeans. Product could also be processed in facilities with dairy products.


title: Hi-Chew

text: After seeing increased sales in Salt Lake City in the early 2010s attributed to Latter-Day Saint missionaries who had visited Japan, Hi-Chew began a marketing campaign with Major League Baseball players. U.S. sales then grew from $8 million in 2012 to more than $100 million in 2021.


title: Hi-Chew

text: Hi-Chew is available in twenty one flavors in the United States: Blue Hawaii (a citrus and pineapple flavor), blue raspberry, rainbow sherbert, raspberry, blueberry, black cherry, watermelon, green apple, dragonfruit, strawberry, grapefruit, kiwi, mango, grape, lemon, açai, cola, banana, yogurt, lilikoi, and pineapple. Hi-Chew Sours and Hi-Chew Bites were released in February 2016. Hi-Chew Sours include flavors such as lemon, lime, and grapefruit. Hi-Chew Bites are soft chew candy blended with already established flavors, being offered in "grape and strawberry" and "mango and orange". Since its inception, over 170 flavors have been created.


title: Hi-Chew

text: In early 2018, Hi-Chew began a contest known as "East meets West", in which user-submitted votes decided which of their Japanese line of flavors should be introduced to a Western audience. On April 11, 2018, Hi-Chew's Instagram account officially announced that Dragon Fruit had won the competition and would be coming to the United States the following year.


title: Hi-Chew

text: In 2008, Morinaga recalled some of its Hi-Chew products due to complaints that rubber-like material had been found in the candy. The source of this turned out to have come from a piece of a worker's glove that had fallen into the cooking vat in the Hyogo Morinaga factory. The green apple and grape flavored varieties of Hi-Chew that had a 2009 expiration date were recalled. Some of the affected products also had been exported to Hong Kong, where the Centre for Food Safety monitored the situation and warned the public against its purchase or consumption.


title: Eurocopter MH-65 Dolphin

text: The Eurocopter MH-65 Dolphin is a twin-engined helicopter operated by the United States Coast Guard (USCG) for medevac-capable search and rescue (SAR) and armed Airborne Use of Force missions. It is a variant of the French-built Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin.


title: Eurocopter MH-65 Dolphin

text: The SA366 G1 Dauphin version was selected by the United States Coast Guard in 1979 as its new short range recovery (SRR) air-sea rescue helicopter, replacing the Sikorsky HH-52A Sea Guard. In total 99 helicopters, optimised for the USCG's search and rescue role tasks and given the designation HH-65A Dolphin, were acquired. Unlike the HH-52, the HH-65A is not able to perform water landings. The HH-65 normally carries a crew of four: Pilot, Copilot, Flight Mechanic and Rescue Swimmer.


title: Eurocopter MH-65 Dolphin

text: The Dolphin was manufactured by Aerospatiale Helicopter Corporation (later Airbus Helicopters) and assembled in Grand Prairie, Texas. Lycoming LTS101-750B-2 turboshaft engines were selected, while Rockwell Collins manufactured the HH-65's avionics in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.


title: Eurocopter MH-65 Dolphin

text: The HH-65 Dolphin is used for homeland security patrols, cargo, drug interdiction, ice breaking, military readiness, pollution control, and search and rescue missions. The HH-65 is known for its Fenestron tail rotor and its autopilot capabilities, which can complete an unaided approach to the water and bring the aircraft into a stable hover, or automatically fly search patterns, an ability which allows the crew to engage in other tasks.


title: Eurocopter MH-65 Dolphin

text: In order to comply with U.S. regulations relating to local content (based primarily on the value of individual components of the aircraft), engineering changes were required—notably, the SA365's original Turbomeca Arriel engines were replaced with the LTS101-750B-2, which at the time were required to be American. Unfortunately, initial teething problems with this engine worsened as the HH-65's weight grew, resulting in several in-flight loss-of-power events. The USCG funded a program to improve engine reliability, but the resulting LTS101-850 failed to meet expectations.


title: Eurocopter MH-65 Dolphin

text: In 1994, the USCG therefore held a fast-track competition to select a new engine, and in March 2004 the Guard announced the selection of the Turbomeca Arriel 2C2-CG, already installed on the EC155. This upgrade began in 2004, and has resulted in a safer and more capable aircraft. These modified HH-65As and HH-65Bs, which also gained new avionics and other enhancements, have been designated as HH-65Cs.


title: Eurocopter MH-65 Dolphin

text: The HH-65A's minimum equipment requirements exceeded anything previously packaged into a helicopter weighing less than 10,000 pounds (4,535 kg). Seventy-five percent of the HH-65's structure—including rotorhead, rotor blades and fuselage—consists of corrosion-resistant composite materials.


title: Eurocopter MH-65 Dolphin

text: Also a unique feature of the Dolphin is its computerized flight management system, which integrates state-of-the-art communications and navigation equipment. This system provides automatic flight control. At the pilot's direction, the system will bring the aircraft to a stable hover above a selected object. This is an important safety feature in darkness or inclement weather. Selected search patterns can be flown automatically, freeing the pilot and copilot to concentrate on sighting & searching the object.


title: Eurocopter MH-65 Dolphin

text: A distinctive feature of the MH-65 is its fenestron ducted-fan anti-torque device. The fenestron consists of 11 blades spinning inside a circular housing at the base of the helicopter's tail fin.


title: Eurocopter MH-65 Dolphin

text: Certified for single-pilot instrument flight rules (IFR) operation, the HH-65A was the first helicopter certified with a four-axis autopilot, allowing for hands-off hover over a pre-determined location.


title: Eurocopter MH-65 Dolphin

text: The Dolphin is primarily a Short Range Recovery (SRR) aircraft. There are now a total of 102 Dolphins in the Coast Guard Fleet. The fleet has home ports in 17 cities on the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, Hawaii, and the Great Lakes region.


title: Eurocopter MH-65 Dolphin

text: The Dolphin is usually deployed from shore but it can be deployed from medium and high endurance Coast Guard Cutters, as well as the Polar Icebreakers. The Dolphin's main jobs are: search and rescue, enforcement of laws and treaties (including drug interdiction), polar ice breaking, marine environmental protection including pollution control, and military readiness.


title: Eurocopter MH-65 Dolphin

text: When deployed from an icebreaker, the helicopter acts as the ship's eyes, searching out thinner and more navigable ice channels. They also have the job of airlifting supplies to villages isolated by winter, or transporting scientists to conduct remote research.


title: Eurocopter MH-65 Dolphin

text: The MH-65 is also used to patrol the Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) around Washington, D.C., also known as the National Capital Region (NCR). Seven new-build MH-65Cs were acquired for this mission.


title: Eurocopter MH-65 Dolphin

text: In the early 1980s, the Israeli Navy sought to acquire a purpose-built maritime helicopter to bolster its over-the-horizon detection and targeting capabilities. Several helicopter types were evaluated, including the Westland Lynx and SH-60 Seahawk; in 1983, Israel announced the selection of the HH-65 Dolphin. Seeking a few examples to gain service experience and with limited funding, Israel acquired two used HH-65A developmental test aircraft from the USCG, the first HH-65A pre-production prototype (c/n 6002) and the third prototype (c/n 6005). These were delivered on 4 August 1985 and although owned by the navy, they were operated by the Israeli Air Force. Initially serving as the maritime flight of 124 Squadron at Palmachim, in June 1987 the IAF formed a dedicated maritime squadron, 193 Squadron, to which the two Dolphins were assigned. On 16 September 1996 one crashed in the Mediterranean, killing the three crew members on board. The remaining helicopter was retired a year later, replaced by the Eurocopter AS565 Panther. The Dolphins were operated by a crew consisting of an IAF Pilot, and IAF mechanic and an IN maritime support officer. First deployed in USCG colors, they were later given a blue and gray color scheme.


title: Harley Bird

text: Harley Fiona Riley (born 13 December 2001), better known by her stage name of Harley Bird, is an English actress. She was the third as well as the longest running voice of "Peppa Pig", taking on the role in 2007 and leaving in 2020. She was replaced by Amelie Bea Smith. She was Peppa Pig for 13 years.


title: Harley Bird

text: Harley Fiona Riley was born in Rochdale, Greater Manchester in Northern England. She lives in Tring, Hertfordshire, with her parents, Gill and Craig Riley. She is the second eldest of four children, and has two sisters and a brother. Bird attended Tring Park School for the Performing Arts on their Tring Park Associates programme before enrolling into the main school.


title: Harley Bird

text: At age five, she was signed to Alphabet Kidz Talent Agency. A month later she gained the voice role of Peppa in the children's animated series "Peppa Pig". She replaced the previous actors, Lily Snowden-Fine and Cecily Bloom. She first voiced Peppa on the 2007 "Peppa's Christmas" special and continued to voice the character for seasons 3, 4, 5 and the first half of the 6th. She voiced Peppa Pig on "The Official BBC Children in Need Medley" and various other pieces of show merchandise.


title: Harley Bird

text: Bird's TV appearances and radio broadcasts include a behind-the-scenes feature on CBBC's "Newsround" and an interview in character as Peppa on BBC Radio One's "Chris Moyles Show". She became the youngest British Academy Film Award winner when she won the Performer award at the 2011 British Academy Children's Awards for her voice-artist work as Peppa Pig.


title: Harley Bird

text: Bird announced that she was leaving the role of Peppa Pig on 31 January 2020, after 13 years and 185 episodes in the role. She was succeeded in the role by Amelie Bea-Smith.


title: Harley Bird

text: Bird starred as Daisy in "Blueberry", a 2009 short film which won the Audience Award at the Cinequest Film Festival, She also starred as Piper alongside Saoirse Ronan in Kevin Macdonald's "How I Live Now", released in 2013. She also starred in "Goodbye", a radio drama by Morwenna Banks, her Peppa Pig co-star, that aired on BBC Radio 4 alongside Olivia Colman, Natascha McElhone, Darren Boyd, Alison Steadman, and John Simm. In 2017, Bird played the lead role of Sammy in Disney Channel's webisode series, "So Sammy".


title: 2nd Pornhub Awards

text: The 2nd Pornhub Awards was a major pornography awards ceremony held October 11, 2019 at Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles, California. The show was hosted by Asa Akira and featured musical performances by Bad Bunny, Ty Dolla Sign, Rico Nasty, Tommy Genesis and Kali Uchis.


title: 2nd Pornhub Awards

text: The show was hosted by Asa Akira and streamed on Pornhub. It was held the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles. The one hour and forty minute broadcast featured musical performances by Bad Bunny, Ty Dolla Sign, Rico Nasty and Kali Uchis.


title: Bahamas (musician)

text: Jurvanen taught himself guitar. He worked with a variety of musicians that includes The Lumineers, City and Colour, Feist, Howie Beck, Jason Collett, Jack Johnson, The Weather Station, and Zeus. Downtown Music Publishing represents Bahamas' songs. Jurvanen recorded his debut album, "Pink Strat", in a cabin in rural Ontario in 2008. He released the album under the name Bahamas in 2009 and was subsequently nominated for a 2010 Juno Award for Roots & Traditional Album of the Year – Solo.


title: Bahamas (musician)

text: Bahamas' second album, "Barchords, was released" on February 7, 2012. The album received nomination at the 2013 Juno Awards for the Adult Alternative Album of the Year. Jurvanen received a nomination for Songwriter of the Year for the tracks "Be My Witness", "Caught Me Thinking", and "Lost in the Light".


title: Bahamas (musician)

text: Jurvanen released his third album, "Bahamas Is Afie" on August 19, 2014. The album received first place on "Q"'s Top 20 Albums of 2014. "Bahamas Is Afie" received a nomination for Adult Alternative Album of the Year At the Juno Awards of 2015, and Jurvanen received nomination for Songwriter of the Year for "All the Time", "Bitter Memories" and "Stronger Than That". He won the awards in both categories.


title: Bahamas (musician)

text: Jurvanen tours with drummer Jason Tait and backing vocalist Felicity Williams. Bahamas opened for Jack Johnson, Robert Plant, Wilco, The Lumineers and City and Colour.


title: Bahamas (musician)

text: Jurvanen released his fourth album, "Earthtones" on January 19, 2018. Bahamas began their Canadian tour for Earthtones on January 18, 2018, the Earthtones World Tour and recruited Zach Gill to open the shows.


title: Bahamas (musician)

text: Jurvanen released his fifth studio album, "Sad Hunk", on October 9, 2020. The album won the Juno Award for Adult Alternative Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2021.


title: Bahamas (musician)

text: Jurvanen lived in The Junction neighborhood of Toronto with his wife and two children until December 2018, when they relocated to Nova Scotia.


title: FC Mariupol

text: Football Club Mariupol ( ) was a Ukrainian professional football club based in Mariupol, that competed in the Ukrainian Premier League. The club ceased to exist as a result of the Siege of Mariupol, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.


title: FC Mariupol

text: From 2002 to 2017, the club was named Illichivets Mariupol under which it participated in European competitions. It was renamed as part of decommunization in Ukraine.


title: FC Mariupol

text: Previously the city of Mariupol hosted a football team that competed consistently in Ukrainian republican competitions among teams of physical culture (amateur teams). The first mentioning of a Mariupol team could be traced to 1936 when it lost to Dynamo Kryvyi Rih 0:5 as part of the 1936 Soviet Cup. Next season, in 1937, it was seeded to play against another team from Berdyansk as part of the Ukrainian championship, but did not appear for the game and was eliminated. After that there is no evidence a team that represented the city until after World War II. After the war, Mariupol sometimes was represented by two teams, but usually the main was named Metalurh Zhdanov. At the end of 1958 it was renamed into Avanhard Zhdanov.


title: FC Mariupol

text: Football Club Mariupol traces its history to 1960, when it was established as Azovstal based on a former two teams of physical culture (a type of Soviet amateur clubs) FC Avanhard Zhdanov and FC Shakhtar Rutchenkove.


title: FC Mariupol

text: The new team of masters Azovstal Zhdanov sponsored by the local Azovstal iron and steel works was admitted to Soviet competitions for teams of masters in Class B (at that time the second division). It was eliminated soon in 1964. After skipping one season the club again was admitted for the 1966 Soviet competitions for teams of masters in Class B, now as Azovets. During that time the club stayed in professional competitions a little bit longer and in 1971 changed its name to more recognizable Metalurh. However, soon after changing its name in 1973, the club again was relegated and now for a much longer period of time.


title: FC Mariupol

text: Missing the 1974 season, the club returned to republican competitions in 1975 as Lokomotyv, sponsored now by "Azovmash" which specializes in productin of railroad cars as well as mining and metallurgical heavy equipment. Soon before the final collapse of the Soviet Union, the club already playing as Novator was relegated in 1989 to Ukrainian amateur competitions. In 1991 Novator became a champion of the Ukrainian football championship among amateur clubs. Due to reformation of the Ukrainian football competitions, the new amateur champion was admitted to the newly formed Ukrainian First League.


title: FC Mariupol

text: After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1992, the club changed its name to old one Azovets (part of the Azovmash's SC Novator). In summer of 1995 it merged with FC Dynamo Luhansk and during following spring changed its name again to Metalurh.


title: FC Mariupol

text: FC Metalurh Mariupol changed its name to Illichivets during the winter break of the 2002–2003 season when the club was acquired by the Illich Steel and Iron Works.


title: FC Mariupol

text: Illichivets were relegated to Ukrainian First League in the 2006–07 season after finishing 15th (out of 16). However, they returned to the Ukrainian Premier League the following season after finishing as champions in the 2007–08 Ukrainian First League.


title: FC Mariupol

text: Due to the 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine, the club was forced to play its home games in Dnipropetrovsk during the 2014-15 season.


title: FC Mariupol

text: In 2017 as part of the ongoing decommunization process of Ukraine, the club changed its name of Illichivets to simply FC Mariupol, officially adopting on 14 June 2017 for the 2017–18 Ukrainian Premier League season. Its name came from the Illichivets steelworks, which were named after Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.


title: FC Mariupol

text: Mariupol first qualified for European competitions in 2004 when they played in the UEFA Cup through the UEFA Respect Fair Play ranking award.


title: Visa policy of Israel

text: Visitors to Israel must obtain a visa from one of the Israeli diplomatic missions unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries. All visitors must hold a passport that is valid for 6 months after the date of departure from Israel.


title: Visa policy of Israel

text: Holders of normal passports of the following 101 jurisdictions do not require a visa for Israel for a maximum stay of 3 months for tourism:


title: Visa policy of Israel

text: Visa is not required for nationals of for stays up to 14 days if entering through Taba and visiting up to Beersheba only.


title: Visa policy of Israel

text: Holders of Palestinian Authority passports can obtain their visa on arrival in order to continue their journey to the Palestinian territories. Holders of a confirmation issued by the Israeli Ministry of Interior, traveling in a group of 10 or more, can obtain a visa on arrival (not applicable to nationals of Jordan).


title: Visa policy of Israel

text: Israeli citizens can enter visa free or receive a free visa on arrival to all of the countries that Israel gives visa free access to except Australia and the United States.


title: Visa policy of Israel

text: In return Israel grants visa free access to most countries that gives Israelis visa free access but Israel requires a visa for passports from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Jordan (with confirmation), Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Maldives, Nicaragua, Samoa, Seychelles, Thailand, Turkey, and Uzbekistan


title: Visa policy of Israel

text: Holders of diplomatic and service category passports of Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, China, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Gambia, Guyana, India, Madagascar, Morocco, Niger, Sierra Leone, Thailand, Togo, and Turkey and of diplomatic passports of Kenya, Nicaragua, Rwanda and Vietnam do not require a visa.


title: Visa policy of Israel

text: Holders of diplomatic or service category passports of Australia, Belarus, Dominica, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, South Africa, Taiwan and United States require a visa. Russian diplomatic and service category passports require confirmation from the government before a visa can be issued.


title: Visa policy of Israel

text: Visa free agreement for diplomatic and special passports was signed with , , and and they are yet to be ratified.


title: Visa policy of Israel

text: Israel and Democratic Republic of the Congo signed visa exemption agreement for diplomatic and service passports on 19 November 1963 and 14 April 1964, came into force on 28 July 1964. Date of cancellation is unknown. Israel and Liberia signed visa exemption agreement for diplomatic and service passports on 17 July and 3 August 1961, came into force on 1 November 1961. Date of cancellation is unknown. Israel and Tanganyika signed visa exemption agreement for diplomatic and service passports on 16 and 17 September 1963, came into force on 17 September 1963. Date of cancellation is unknown. Israel and Bolivia signed visa exemption agreement for diplomatic and service passports on 10 and 16 August 1972, came into force on 16 October 1972. Date of cancellation is unknown. Israel and Dominica signed visa exemptions for diplomatic and official passport holders in December 1987. Date of cancellation is unknown.


title: Visa policy of Israel

text: Visitors with a passport stamp from Israel are not allowed to enter a number of countries because of the Arab League boycott of Israel. Some countries, e.g. Austria, Canada, Germany, Russia, UK and the USA allow their citizens to hold two or more passports of their country to circumvent such travel restrictions, but some countries (including Austria and Germany) also restrict or forbid the holding of passports of two countries, i.e. dual citizenship. However for the past several years, stamps are no longer used at Ben Gurion airport (since January 15, 2013) and also land border crossings with Jordan. Instead, entry and departure records are printed on small slips of paper, which include the name of the traveller, the photo read from the epassport, the date, the visa status, and other details. The slips also include a 2D barcode which is used as a Gate Pass to pass through the gate out of the passport control hall.


title: Visa policy of Israel

text: Holders of national and official passports of the following countries require a confirmation from the Israeli Foreign Ministry before a tourist visa is issued.


title: Kerri Colby

text: Kerri Colby is the stage name of Elyse Alessandra Anderson, an American drag performer most known for competing on season 14 of "RuPaul's Drag Race", where she would place ninth overall. Kerri Colby is based in Los Angeles, California, and she is the drag daughter of well-known drag artist Sasha Colby.


title: Kerri Colby

text: Anderson was born in Dallas, Texas. She was raised in a Pentecostal household. She stated that she has never fit in with those beliefs, and after watching the fifth season of "RuPaul's Drag Race", she learned about drag. She left home at 15, and she has stated the reasoning for leaving is the toxic environment that her family created for her. She couch-surfed and found friends to take care of her after leaving home. She has stated that many of the people taking care of her were much older, and it led to abusive situations.


title: Kerri Colby

text: One day when Kerri was resting at a train station, a stranger recognized her from her posts on both Instagram and online and offered to help. Kerri told them that unless they helped with her homelessness, they could not help. This person then took Kerri in until she was eighteen. Kerri has stated in an interview, "[My friend was] completely my angel... I would not have made it."


title: Kerri Colby

text: She competed on season 14 of "RuPaul's Drag Race". On episode 4, she landed in the bottom and lip-synced against Alyssa Hunter to Jennifer Lopez's song, "Play". On episode 8, she landed in the bottom again with Jasmine Kennedie, and lost the lip-sync to "Un-Break My Heart" by Toni Braxton.


title: Kerri Colby

text: She was a featured performer during Jennifer Lopez's performance at the 2022 iHeartRadio Music Awards. In May, her nomination was announced at the 2022 WOWIE Awards as part of RuPaul's DragCon in Los Angeles in the category Best Viral Moment (The America’s Next Top Meme Award), shared with drag queens Daya Betty and Kornbread "The Snack" Jeté.


title: Kerri Colby

text: In 2022, Colby appeared in an advertising campaign for cannabis beverage brand Cann, alongside fellow season 14 contestants Willow Pill, Jorgeous, and Kornbread, as well as other LGBTQ+ celebrities including Hayley Kiyoko and Gus Kenworthy. During press for the Cann campaign, Colby shared that she worked at a dispensary before appearing on Drag Race.


title: Kerri Colby

text: Kerri Colby is a trans woman and is noted for guiding fellow "Drag Race" contestant Kornbread Jeté with her transition as well. She has also helped inspire Jasmine Kennedie to come out as a trans woman on an episode of "" on season 14 of "RuPaul's Drag Race". Bosco has also cited Kerri Colby as a source of "clarity" in her transition, which she announced after season 14 wrapped filming.


title: Taharqa

text: Taharqa, also spelled Taharka or Taharqo (Egyptian: 𓇿𓉔𓃭𓈎 "tꜣ-h-rw-k", Akkadian: "Tar-qu-u", , Manetho's "Tarakos", Strabo's "Tearco"), was a pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt and qore (king) of the Kingdom of Kush (present day Sudan), from 690 to 664 BC. He was one of the "Kushite Pharaohs" who ruled over Egypt for nearly a century.


title: Taharqa

text: Taharqa was the son of Piye, the Nubian king of Napata who had first conquered Egypt. Taharqa was also the cousin and successor of Shebitku. The successful campaigns of Piye and Shabaka paved the way for a prosperous reign by Taharqa.


title: Taharqa

text: Taharqa's reign can be dated from 690 BC to 664 BC. Evidence for the dates of his reign is derived from the Serapeum stele, catalog number 192. This stela records that an Apis bull born and installed (fourth month of Season of the Emergence, day 9) in year 26 of Taharqa died in Year 20 of Psamtik I (4th month of Shomu, day 20), having lived 21 years. This would give Taharqa a reign of 26 years and a fraction, in 690–664 BC.


title: Taharqa

text: Taharqa explicitly states in Kawa Stela V, line 15, that he succeeded his predecessor (generally assumed to be Shebitku but now established to be Shabaka instead) after the latter's death with this statement: "I received the Crown in Memphis after the Falcon flew to heaven." The reference to Shebitku was an attempt by Taharqa to legitimise his accession to power. However, Taharqa never mentions the identity of the royal falcon and completely omits any mention of Shabaka's intervening reign between Shebitku and Taharqa possibly because he ousted Shabaka from power.


title: Taharqa

text: Therefore, Taharqa says that King Shebitku, who was very fond of him, brought him with him to Egypt and during that trip he had the opportunity to see the deplorable state of the temple of Amun at Kawa, an event he remembered after becoming king. But on Kawa V Taharqa says that sometime after his arrival in Egypt under a different king whom this time he chose not to name, there occurred the death of this monarch (Shabaka here) and then his own accession to the throne occurred. Taharqa's evasiveness on the identity of his predecessor suggests that he assumed power in an irregular fashion and chose to legitimise his kingship by conveniently stating the possible fact or propaganda that Shebitku favoured him "more than all his brothers and all his children."


title: Taharqa

text: Moreover, in lines 13 – 14 of Kawa stela V, His Majesty (who can be none other but Shebitku), is mentioned twice, and at first sight the falcon or hawk that flew to heaven, mentioned in the very next line 15, seems to be identical with His Majesty referred to directly before (i.e. Shebitku). However, in the critical line 15 which recorded Taharqa's accession to power, a new stage of the narrative begins, separated from the previous one by a period of many years, and the king or hawk/falcon that flew to heaven is conspicuously left unnamed in order to distinguish him from His Majesty, Shebitku. Moreover, the purpose of Kawa V, was to describe several separate events that occurred at distinct stages of Taharqa's life, instead of telling a continuous story about it. Therefore, the Kawa V text began with the 6th year of Taharqa and referred to the High Nile flood of that year before abruptly jumping back to Taharqa's youth at the end of line 13. In the beginning of line 15, Taharqa's coronation is mentioned (with the identity of the hawk/falcon—now known to be Shabaka—left unnamed but if it was Shebitku, Taharqa's favourite king, Taharqa would clearly have identified him) and there is a description given of the extent of the lands and foreign countries under Egypt's control but then (in the middle of line 16) the narrative switches abruptly back again to Taharqa's youth: "My mother was in Ta-Sety …. Now I was far from her as a twenty year old recruit, as I went with His Majesty to the North Land". However, immediately afterwards (around the middle of line 17) the text jumps forward again to the time of Taharqa's accession: "Then she came sailing downstream to see me after a long period of years. She found me after I had appeared on the throne of Horus...". Hence, the Kawa V narrative switches from one event to another, and has little to no chronological coherence or value.


title: Taharqa

text: Although Taharqa's reign was filled with conflict with the Assyrians, it was also a prosperous renaissance period in Egypt and Kush. The empire flourished under Taharqa, due in part to a particularly large Nile river flood, abundant crops, and the "intellectual and material resources set free by an efficient central government." Taharqa's inscriptions indicate that he gave large amounts of gold to the temple of Amun at Kawa. The Nile valley empire was as large as it had been since the New Kingdom. Taharqa and the 25th dynasty revived Egyptian culture. Religion, arts, and architecture were restored to their glorious Old, Middle, and New Kingdom forms. During Taharqa's reign, the "central features of Theban theology were merged with Egyptian Middle and New Kingdom imperial ideology.". Under Taharqa, the cultural integration of Egypt and Kush reached such a point that it could not be reversed, even after the Assyrian conquest.


title: Taharqa

text: Taharqa restored existing temples and built new ones. Particularly impressive were his additions to the Temple at Karnak, new temple at Kawa, and temples at Jebel Barkal. Taharqa continued the 25th dynasty's ambitious program to develop Jebel Barkal into a "monumental complex of sancturies...centered around the great temple of...Amun." The similarity of Jebel Barkal to Karnak "seems to be central to the builders at Jebel Barkal.". The rest of Taharqa's constructions served to create "Temple Towns", which were "local centers of government, production, and redistribution."


title: Taharqa

text: It was during the 25th dynasty that the Nile valley saw the first widespread construction of pyramids (many in modern Sudan) since the Middle Kingdom. Taharqa built the largest pyramid (52 square meters at base) in the Nubian region at Nuri (near El-Kurru) with the most elaborate Kushite rock-cut tomb. Taharqa was buried with "over 1070 shabtis of varying sizes and made of granite, green ankerite, and alabaster."


title: Taharqa

text: Taharqa began cultivating alliances with elements in Phoenicia and Philistia who were prepared to take a more independent position against Assyria. Taharqa's army undertook successful military campaigns, as attested by the "list of conquered Asiatic principalities" from the Mut temple at Karnak and "conquered peoples and countries (Libyans, Shasu nomads, Phoenicians?, Khor in Palestine)" from Sanam temple inscriptions. Torok mentions the military success was due to Taharqa's efforts to strengthen the army through daily training in long-distance running, as well as Assyria's preoccupation with Babylon and Elam. Taharqa also built military settlements at the Semna and Buhen forts and the fortified site of Qasr Ibrim.


title: Taharqa

text: Imperial ambitions of the Mesopotamian based Assyrian Empire made war with the 25th dynasty inevitable. In 701 BC, Taharqa and his army aided Judah and King Hezekiah in withstanding a siege by King Sennacherib of the Assyrians (2 Kings 19:9; Isaiah 37:9). There are various theories (Taharqa's army, disease, divine intervention, Hezekiah's surrender, Herodotus' mice theory) as to why the Assyrians failed to take Jerusalem and withdrew to Assyria. Many historians claim that Sennacherib was the overlord of Khor following the siege in 701 BC. Sennacherib's annals record Judah was forced into tribute after the siege. However, this is contradicted by Khor's frequent utilization of an Egyptian system of weights for trade, the 20 year cessation in Assyria's pattern (before 701 and after Sennacherib's death) of repeatedly invading Khor, Khor paying tribute to Amun of Karnak in the first half of Taharqa's reign, and Taharqa flouting Assyria's ban on Lebanese cedar exports to Egypt, while Taharqa was building his temple to Amun at Kawa.


title: Taharqa

text: In 679 BC, Sennacherib's successor, King Esarhaddon, campaigned into Khor and took a town loyal to Egypt. After destroying Sidon and forcing Tyre into tribute in 677-676 BC, Esarhaddon invaded Egypt proper in 674 BC. Taharqa and his army defeated the Assyrians outright in 674 BC, according to Babylonian records. This invasion, which only a few Assyrian sources discuss, ended in what some scholars have assumed was possibly one of Assyria's worst defeats. In 672 BC, Taharqa brought reserve troops from Kush, as mentioned in rock inscriptions. Taharqa's Egypt still held sway in Khor during this period as evidenced by Esarhaddon's 671 BC annal mentioning that Tyre's King Ba'lu had "put his trust upon his friend Taharqa", Ashkelon's alliance with Egypt, and Esarhaddon's inscription asking "if the Kushite-Egyptian forces 'plan and strive to wage war in any way' and if the Egyptian forces will defeat Esarhaddon at Ashkelon." However, Taharqa was defeated in Egypt in 671 BC when Esarhaddon conquered Northern Egypt, captured Memphis, imposed tribute, and then withdrew. Although the Pharaoh Taharqa had escaped to the south, Esarhaddon captured the Pharaoh's family, including "Prince Nes-Anhuret, royal wives," and most of the royal court, which were sent to Assyria as hostages. Cuneiform tablets mention numerous horses and gold headdresses were taken back to Assyria. In 669 BC, Taharqa reoccupied Memphis, as well as the Delta, and recommenced intrigues with the king of Tyre. Taharqa intrigued in the affairs of Lower Egypt, and fanned numerous revolts. Esarhaddon again led his army to Egypt and on his death in 668 BC, the command passed to Ashurbanipal. Ashurbanipal and the Assyrians again defeated Taharqa and advanced as far south as Thebes, but direct Assyrian control was not established." The rebellion was stopped and Ashurbanipal appointed as his vassal ruler in Egypt Necho I, who had been king of the city Sais. Necho's son, Psamtik I was educated at the Assyrian capital of Nineveh during Esarhaddon's reign. As late as 665 BC, the vassal rulers of Sais, Mendes, and Pelusium were still making overtures to Taharqa in Kush. The vassal's plot was uncovered by Ashurbanipal and all rebels but Necho of Sais were executed.


title: Taharqa

text: The remains of three colossal statues of Taharqa were found at the entrance of the palace at Nineveh. These statues were probably brought back as war trophies by Esarhaddon, who also brought back royal hostages and numerous luxury objects from Egypt.


title: Taharqa

text: Taharqa died in the city of Thebes in 664 BC. He was followed by his appointed successor Tantamani, a son of Shabaka, who invaded Lower Egypt in hopes of restoring his family's control. This led to a renewed conflict with Ashurbanipal and the Sack of Thebes by the Assyrians in 663 BCE. He was himself succeeded by a son of Taharqa, Atlanersa.


title: Taharqa

text: Taharqa chose the site of Nuri in North Sudan to build his pyramid, away from the traditional burial site of El-Kurru. It was the first and the largest pyramid of Nuri, and he was followed by close to twenty later kings at the site.


title: Taharqa

text: Mainstream scholars agree that Taharqa is the Biblical "Tirhakah" (Heb: תִּרְהָקָה), king of Ethiopia (Kush), who waged war against Sennacherib during the reign of King Hezekiah of Judah (2 Kings 19:9; Isaiah 37:9).


title: Taharqa

text: The events in the biblical account are believed to have taken place in 701 BC, whereas Taharqa came to the throne some ten years later. If the title of king in the biblical text refers to his future royal title, he still may have been too young to be a military commander.


title: Taharqa

text: Aubin mentions that the biblical account in Genesis 10:6-7 (Table of Nations) lists Taharqa's predecessors, Shebitku and


title: Taharqa

text: Shabako (סַבְתְּכָ֑א and סַבְתָּ֥ה). Concerning Taharqa's successor, the sack of Thebes was a momentous event that reverberated throughout the Ancient Near East. It is mentioned in the Book of Nahum chapter 3:8-10:


title: Taharqa

text: Taharqa, under the name "Tearco the Aethiopian", was described by the Ancient Greek historian Strabo. Strabo mentioned Taharqa in a list of other notable conquerors (Cyrus the Great, Xerxes, Sesotris) and mentioned that these princes had undertaken "expeditions to lands far remote." Strabo mentions Taharqa as having "Advanced as far as Europe", and (citing Megasthenes), even as far as the Pillars of Hercules in Spain: Similarly, in 1534 the Muslim scholar Ibn-l-Khattib al-Makkary wrote an account of Taharqa's "establishment of a garrison in the south of Spain in approximately 702 BC."


title: Taharqa

text: The two snakes in the crown of pharaoh Taharqa show that he was the king of both the lands of Egypt and Nubia.


title: Taharqa

text: Taharqa has left monuments throughout Egypt and Nubia. In Memphis, Thebes, and Napata he rebuilt or restored the Temple of Amon.


title: Taharqa

text: A small temple of Taharqa was once located at Kawa in Nubia (modern Sudan). It is located today in the Ashmolean Museum.


title: Mongolia national football team

text: The Mongolia national football team (, "Mongolyn khölbömbögiin ündesnii shigshee bag") represents Mongolia in international football and is controlled by the Mongolian Football Federation.


title: Mongolia national football team

text: Founded in 1959, the association was inactive between 1960 and 1998 when the team did not feature in any international fixtures. The Mongolian Football Federation is a member of the Asian Football Confederation and the East Asian Football Federation. The team has never participated in the FIFA World Cup, and the only major international tournaments the team has taken part in are the 2016 AFC Solidarity Cup and 1998 Asian Games, not progressing past the group state in either competition.


title: Mongolia national football team

text: Mongolia's first international fixture was a 12-0 loss to Japan during a match in Manchukuo in 1942. Between 1960 and 1998, the Mongolia team played no international matches before being accepted as a FIFA member in 1998. Mongolia's first competitive matches were in the 1998 Asian Games qualifiers where they were heavily defeated by Kuwait 11–0, and by Uzbekistan 15–0.


title: Mongolia national football team

text: They entered qualification for the 2002 FIFA World Cup, but lost their opening five matches before drawing 2–2 with Bangladesh, securing a single point. In the 2006 World Cup qualifiers, Mongolia was drawn against the Maldives and though they remained competitive after the first leg, only losing 1–0 at home, they were crushed in the second leg in Malé 12-0 and eliminated. In the first round of the 2010 World Cup qualifiers, Mongolia was beaten 9–2 on aggregate by North Korea, and four years later in the 2014 qualifiers, Mongolia lost to Myanmar 2–1. Mongolia then lost in the 2018 World Cup qualifiers to Timor-Leste; however, they were later awarded two 3–0 victories as Timor-Leste had fielded numerous ineligible players. Unfortunately this came after the second round matches had been played; therefore, Mongolia did not advance in the competition.


title: Mongolia national football team

text: Mongolia succeeded in qualifying past the first round for the first time in the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualifiers by beating Brunei 3–2 over two legs. In the second round, following a 14–0 defeat to Japan on 30 March 2021, they let head coach Rastislav Božik go and hired Shuichi Mase as their new head coach. In their next game on 7 June, Mongolia managed to shock Kyrgyzstan 1–0 for their first ever win against a Central Asian and a top-100 ranked opponent in a FIFA qualifier.


title: Mongolia national football team

text: According to the voting outcome at the AFC Congress held in January 2011, the Mongolian Football Federation was suspended to conduct any activities at the EAFF until the EAFF Ordinary Congress of March 2014. They were welcomed back to the federation at the 7th Ordinary Congress and 41st & 42nd Executive Committee Meeting of the EAFF.


title: Mongolia national football team

text: The Mongolian national team is often nicknamed the Blue Wolves. The blue wolf is a symbol of Turkic and Mongolian people, and originates from the Mongolian legend of the blue wolf. The team has also been known as the "Shegshee", which translates as "national team" in Mongolian.


title: Mongolia national football team

text: Currently, the Mongolian national football team uses an all-white uniform as their first colours, and a blue uniform as their second colours.


title: Mongolia national football team

text: Mongolia plays their home matches at the MFF Football Centre, a 5,000 capacity stadium in Ulaanbaatar. The stadium boasts an artificial playing surface.


title: Idiopathic disease

text: An idiopathic disease is any disease with an unknown cause or mechanism of apparent spontaneous origin. From Greek ἴδιος "idios" "one's own" and πάθος "pathos" "suffering", "idiopathy" means approximately "a disease of its own kind". For some medical conditions, one or more causes are somewhat understood, but in a certain percentage of people with the condition, the cause may not be readily apparent or characterized. In these cases, the origin of the condition is said to be idiopathic. With some other medical conditions, the root cause for a large percentage of all cases have not been established—for example, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or ankylosing spondylitis; the majority of these cases are deemed idiopathic.


title: Idiopathic disease

text: Advances in medical science improve the understanding of causes of diseases and the classification of diseases; thus, regarding any particular condition or disease, as more root causes are discovered and as events that seemed spontaneous have their origins revealed, the percentage of cases designated as idiopathic decreases.


title: Idiopathic disease

text: The word essential is sometimes synonymous with "idiopathic" (as in essential hypertension, essential thrombocythemia, and essential tremor) and the same is true of primary (as in primary biliary cholangitis, or "primary amenorrhea"), with the latter term being used in such cases to contrast with "secondary" in the sense of "secondary to [i.e., caused by] some other condition." Another, less common synonym is agnogenic ("agno-", "unknown" + "-gen", "cause" + "-ic").


title: Idiopathic disease

text: The word "cryptogenic" ("crypto-", "hidden" + "-gen", "cause" + "-ic") has a sense that is synonymous with "idiopathic" and a sense that is contradistinguished from it. Some disease classifications prefer the use of the synonymous term cryptogenic disease as in cryptogenic stroke, and some forms of epilepsy. The use of cryptogenic is also sometimes reserved for cases where it is presumed that the cause is simple and will be found in the future.


title: Idiopathic disease

text: Some congenital conditions are idiopathic, and sometimes the word "congenital" is used synonymously with "idiopathic"; but careful usage prefers to reserve the word "congenital" for conditions to which the literal sense of the word applies (that is, those whose pathophysiology has existed since the neonatal period).


title: Idiopathic disease

text: The term syndrome without a name (SWAN) is used "when a child or young adult is believed to have a genetic condition and testing has failed to identify its genetic cause". It is believed that "about half (50%) of children with learning disabilities and approximately 60% of children with congenital disabilities (disabilities which are apparent from birth) do not have a definitive diagnosis to explain the cause of their difficulties".


The Most Beautiful Moment in Life: Young Forever () is the first Korean-language compilation album by South Korean boy band BTS. The album was released on May 2, 2016, in two physical configurations, a day version and a night version. The album contains twenty-three tracks, including three new singles ("Epilogue: Young Forever", "Fire" and "Save Me"), and most tracks from "The Most Beautiful Moment in Life, Pt. 1" and "The Most Beautiful Moment in Life, Pt. 2", as well as several remixes.


title: The Most Beautiful Moment in Life: Young Forever

text: On March 21, 2016, Big Hit Entertainment announced BTS' upcoming return and a concert scheduled for May. BTS released concert teasers on April 7 on their official Twitter account as "Motion Posters". They later released concept photos on April 21 and 24, indicating that the physical album would be available in two cover designs, Day and Night. Both versions include a photobook, polaroid, mini photocard and poster. The video teaser for the concert was released on April 25. The track list was released on April 27, revealing that it would be a compilation album with a total of twenty-three tracks. They also released the design and details of the physical album. On April 29, Big Hit Entertainment released a preview for BTS’ "Fire" music video, featuring the members dancing.


text: The "Epilogue: Young Forever" music video was released on April 19, picturing the members running in a maze full of fences as well as flashbacks to scenes from the "I Need U", "On Stage: Prologue" and "Run" videos. It was produced and directed by GDW. The music video for "Fire," the lead single from the album, was released on May 2. It featured the members dancing and partying in an abandoned place in flames. The video was produced and directed by Lumpens and GDW. Fuse stated that, "The cut feels like an upgraded version of "Dope," a standout single from "The Most Beautiful Moment In Life, Part 1". The accompanying music video also sees the guys whipping out their most intense choreography to date". On May 9, BTS released the dance version of the "Fire" video ahead of their promotion on music programs. The dance was choreographed by Keone Madrid. The "Save Me" music video was released on May 15, which was notably filmed in a one-shot take. The dance was choreographed by The Quick Style Crew and the music video was also produced and directed by GDW.


text: On May 1, BTS held a comeback show on Naver V LIVE, which received over 100 million likes during broadcast on the night of the release. They held a press conference for their tour, "", on May 7. The first shows were held on May 7 and 8 at Olympic Gymnastics Arena in South Korea, where BTS performed songs from the album. In total, the tour was held in nine cities abroad and ended in Japan. BTS decided to promote on music shows only for a week, performing on Mnet, KBS, MBC and SBS as planned to allow for individual activities, performances and overseas schedules, starting with "M! Countdown" on May 12.


text: Tickets for BTS' first solo concert in 2016, "BTS LIVE The Most Beautiful Moment in Life On Stage: Epilogue", sold out immediately, causing connection errors on Interpark Ticket's PC and mobile sites due to high traffic. Search keywords related to the concert topped at portal sites, as both fans and the public showed high interest. After the album and the "Fire" music video were released on May 2, "Fire" became the fastest BTS music video to reach one million views at the time in just 6 hours. The video hit 10 million views in 75 hours. The videos for "Fire" and "Save Me" ranked first and second respectively on Most Viewed K-Pop Videos in America, Around the World: May 2016 list revealed by Billboard. BTS also rose to number 15 in the artist category on YouTube Music Global Top 100.


text: BTS topped Billboard World Digital Songs with lead single "Fire," "Save Me," and "Epilogue: Young Forever" lining up the top three ranks of the chart, which had never been achieved by a K-pop act. "Fire" achieved an 'all-kill' on the South Korean music charts (simultaneous #1's on all charts) and received three number-one trophies on music programs while performing on "M! Countdown", "Music Bank" and "Inkigayo".


text: "The Most Beautiful Moment in Life: Young Forever" album became BTS' second consecutive release to chart on the "Billboard" 200, peaking at number 107, the second K-pop act to do so. It debuted at number 2 on Billboard World Albums and number 10 on Billboard Top Heatseekers. "The Most Beautiful Moment in Life: Young Forever" was reported to have sold over 300,000 copies in pre-sales after less than a week. According to the Hanteo Chart, 100,000 copies of the album were sold within the first three days of release, and 164,868 copies were sold within the first week. The album topped Gaon Weekly Chart for two consecutive weeks. It also topped the Gaon Monthly Chart in May with just over 310,000 albums sold and became the fourth best selling album on the yearly Gaon Album Chart of 2016. BTS received their first "daesang", or "grand award", with this album—Album of The Year at the 8th Melon Music Awards in 2016. Big Hit Entertainment also shared that the unofficial combined sales of all albums from "The Most Beautiful Moment in Life" series would soon reach its million mark as it had already sold a total of 930,000 copies at the time.


title: Tetsujin 28-go

text: , known as simply Tetsujin 28 in international releases, is a 1956 manga written and illustrated by Mitsuteru Yokoyama, who also created "Giant Robo". The series centers on the adventures of a young boy named Shotaro Kaneda, who controls a giant robot named Tetsujin 28, built by his late father.


title: Tetsujin 28-go

text: The manga was later adapted into four anime television series, a Japanese television drama and two films, one live action and one animated. Released in 1963, the first series was among the first Japanese anime series to feature a giant robot. It was later released in the United States as "Gigantor". A live-action movie with heavy use of CGI was produced in Japan in 2005.


title: Tetsujin 28-go

text: The series is credited with featuring the first humanoid giant robot controlled externally via remote control by an operator.


title: Tetsujin 28-go

text: In the final phase of the Pacific War, the Imperial Japanese Army were developing a gigantic robot "Tetsujin 28-go" as the secret weapon to fight against the Allies. However, Japan surrendered before they could complete its construction. After the war, Dr. Kaneda (the developer of Tetsujin 28-go) passed his robot to his son Shotaro Kaneda.