title: Condemned 2: Bloodshot

text: 411Mania gave the Xbox 360 version an 8.7 out of 10 and said it was "a game that encourages you to think outside the box and use some strategy and smarts while challenging you to stay alive in hopes of bringing your city back to sanity". "Wired" gave the game a score of eight stars out of ten and said that it "has plenty of creepy moments, but it favors action over atmosphere. To that end it performs very well, and even throws in some juicy plot twists and a cliffhanger ending. But I miss the tension of the original, just the same". "The A.V. Club" gave the Xbox 360 version a B− and called it "a series of amazing shocks that are never quite worthy of suspension of disbelief".


title: Condemned 2: Bloodshot

text: Rumors about a sequel have circulated since "Condemned 2"s release. One of the Condemned series' previous developers stated in an interview with video game website NeoGAF: "Sadly it will never happen. "Condemned 2" just didn't sell enough copies. It is sad that "Condemned 2" got caught up in the 'everything needs multiplayer'. We could have really used the staff on multiplayer to make the single player campaign amazing. There were some good ideas of where to take the game. I've always wanted to do a reboot and just play "Condemned 2" off as a bad hangover and have Thomas closer to what he was in ["Condemned: Criminal Origins"]".


title: Condemned 2: Bloodshot

text: Monolith co-founder and former CEO Jace Hall currently holds the rights to the "Condemned" series and in January 2015, he expressed his interest to find the right independent development team to "take over the franchise and move it forward".


title: Emerald City

text: The Emerald City (sometimes called the City of Emeralds) is the capital city of the fictional Land of Oz in L. Frank Baum's Oz books, first described in "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" (1900).


title: Emerald City

text: Located in the center of the Land of Oz, the Emerald City is the end of the famous yellow brick road, which begins in Munchkin Country. In the center of the Emerald City is the Royal Palace of Oz. The Oz books generally describe the city as being built of green glass, emeralds, and other jewels.


title: Emerald City

text: In the earlier books, it was described as completely green. However, in later works, green was merely the predominant color while buildings were also decorated with gold, and people added other colors to their costumes.


title: Emerald City

text: In the first book, "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" (1900), the walls are green, but the city itself is not. However, when they enter, everyone in the Emerald City is made to wear green-tinted spectacles. This is explained as an effort to protect their eyes from the "brightness and glory" of the city, but in effect makes everything appear green when it is, in fact, "no more green than any other city". This is yet another "humbug" created by the Wizard.


title: Emerald City

text: One scene of the Emerald City is of particular note in the development of Oz: Dorothy sees rows of shops that sell green articles of every variety and a vendor who sells green lemonade that children buy with green pennies. This contrasts with the later description of Oz, in which money does not feature. Interpreters have argued that the Wizard may have introduced money into the city, but this is not in the text itself.


title: Emerald City

text: In this book, the Wizard also describes the city as having been built for the Wizard within a few years after he arrived. It was he who decreed that everyone in the Emerald City must wear green eyeglasses, since the first thing he noticed about Oz after he landed in his hot air balloon was how green and pleasant the land was.


title: Emerald City

text: In "The Marvelous Land of Oz" (1904), the characters are required to wear the glasses at first, but, contrast to the preceding "Wonderful Wizard of Oz" (1900), halfway through the book, no more eyeglasses appear and no more mention is made of the brilliance, but the city is still described as green. This is continued throughout the series.


title: Emerald City

text: Although at one point the character Tip describes the city as being built by the Wizard, the Scarecrow later explains that the Wizard had usurped the crown of Pastoria, the former king of the city, and from the Wizard the crown had passed to him. The book quickly concerns itself with finding the rightful heir to the crown of the city. Princess Ozma remained the king's heir, though both she and the original king were transformed to the ruler of all Oz.


title: Emerald City

text: The story reverted to the Wizard's having built the city in "Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz" (1908), with the four wicked witches having usurped the king's power before the Wizard's arrival.


title: Emerald City

text: The only allusions to the original conception of Emerald City among the Oz sequels appeared in "The Road to Oz" (1909), where the Little Guardian of the Gates wears green spectacles—though he is the only character to do so.


title: Emerald City

text: "The Emerald City of Oz" (1910), the sixth book in the Oz series, describes the city as having exactly 9654 buildings and 57,318 citizens.


title: Emerald City

text: Baum may have been partly inspired in his creation of the Emerald City by the World Columbian Exposition of 1893, nicknamed the "White City," which he visited frequently, having moved to Chicago in anticipation of the event. W. W. Denslow, who illustrated the original Oz book, also incorporated elements that may have been inspired by the White City. Denslow was familiar with the exposition as he had been hired to sketch and document it for the "Chicago Times." Likewise, the quick building of the real-life White City, in less than a year, may have contributed to the quick construction of the Emerald City in the first book.


title: Emerald City

text: Others believe Baum may have based his description of the city on the Hotel del Coronado, where he supposedly did much of his writing.


title: Emerald City

text: Scholars who interpret "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" as a political allegory see the Emerald City as a metaphor for Washington, D.C. and unsecured "greenback" paper money. In this reading of the book, the city's illusory splendor and value are compared with the value of paper money, which also has value only because of a shared illusion or convention. Here, Dorothy gains entry to the Emerald City (Washington, D.C.) wearing the witch's silver slippers (the silver standard) and taking the Yellow Brick Road (the gold standard). There, she met the Wizard (President William McKinley), whose power was eventually revealed to be an illusion.


title: Emerald City

text: There are also scholars who interpret the Emerald City as a benevolent vision of America with its new priorities and values that emerged with the onset of the industrial order. Some claim, for instance, that it is 1890s Chicago, which rose on a plain, subsuming unto itself much of the Midwestern creative aspiration so that it becomes the Garden of the West that has long struggled in its prairies. This interpretation focused on the affirmative descriptions of the city, which reveal the benefits and rewards of the new culture, particularly urban abundance and the economy of consumption.


title: Emerald City

text: More recently it has been speculated that the name “Emerald City” may be referring to the city of Seattle, Washington. This is incorrect as the American city gained its “Emerald City” nickname in 1982, over 80 years after the publication of Baum's first book.


title: Emerald City

text: The City of Seattle has used "The Emerald City" as its official nickname since 1982. There is also a drink known as "Emerald City" that is associated with the city of Seattle.


title: Emerald City

text: Eugene, Oregon is also referred to as the Emerald City, and the region has been known as the "Emerald Empire" as early as 1928.


title: Emerald City

text: Greenville, North Carolina is called the Emerald City by locals and tourists alike. The city has an art loop in the uptown district that is called the emerald loop, and on New Years Eve, the city drops an Emerald in the Town Common Park.


title: Emerald City

text: Peter Kaplan, a media icon and the former editor of the "New York Observer", a newspaper that chronicled the city's political, financial and cultural elites, frequently referred to New York as the "Emerald City."


title: Emerald City

text: In 1987, David Williamson—whose brother-in-law scripted the musical film "Oz" (1976)—wrote the play "Emerald City" in which the character Elaine Ross describes Sydney metaphorically as "the Emerald City of Oz." Sydney is where people go expecting their dreams to be fulfilled only to end up with superficial substitutes and broken dreams.


title: Emerald City

text: In 2006, the annual Sydney New Year's Eve were entitled "A Diamond Night in Emerald City" also in reference to Williamson's play, where the "Diamond Night" alluded to the 75th anniversary of the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Subsequently, "Emerald City" has occasionally been used as an unofficial nickname for the City of Sydney.


title: Emerald City

text: The head office of the Sydney-based merchant banking and private equity firm Emerald Partners is located on top of the Museum of Contemporary Art Australia building on the Sydney Harbour foreshore, at Circular Quay. The firm was named after Baum's book and the David Williamson play.


title: Emerald City

text: A long-running gossip column in the "Sydney Morning Herald", the city's flagship newspaper, is named "Emerald City."


title: Emerald City

text: In Gregory Maguire's revisionist Oz novels, "" (1995) and "Son of a Witch" (2005), the Emerald City is a much darker place than in Baum's novels. It does have splendid palaces and gardens, but sections are also beset by crime and poverty. "Son of a Witch" introduces Southstairs, an extensive political prison located in the caves below the Emerald City. The green glasses worn by the citizens are often used as a way to stop them from seeing what is going on around them.


title: Emerald City

text: The video game "Emerald City Confidential" (2009) portrays the Emerald City as a film noir place with private detectives, widespread corruption, mob bosses, smugglers, and crooked lawyers. Set 40 years after the events of "The Wizard of Oz", its described as "Oz, seen through the eyes of Raymond Chandler".


title: Newtonian telescope

text: The Newtonian telescope, also called the Newtonian reflector or just a Newtonian, is a type of reflecting telescope invented by the English scientist Sir Isaac Newton, using a concave primary mirror and a flat diagonal secondary mirror. Newton's first reflecting telescope was completed in 1668 and is the earliest known functional reflecting telescope. The Newtonian telescope's simple design has made it very popular with amateur telescope makers.


title: Newtonian telescope

text: A Newtonian telescope is composed of a primary mirror or objective, usually parabolic in shape, and a smaller mirror called the "secondary" which is flat. The first mirror makes it possible to collect the light coming from the pointed region of the sky, the second mirror redirects the light out of the optical axis at a 90 degree angle so it can be viewed with an eyepiece.


title: Newtonian telescope

text: There are several variations on the Newtonian design that add a lens to the system creating a catadioptric telescope. This is done to correct spherical aberration or reduce cost.


title: Newtonian telescope

text: A Schmidt–Newtonian telescope combines the Newtonian optical design with a full-aperture Schmidt corrector plate in front of the primary mirror that not only corrects spherical aberration but can also support the secondary mirror. The resulting system has less coma and secondary mirror support induced diffraction effects.


title: Newtonian telescope

text: Similar to a Schmidt–Newtonian, a Maksutov telescope's meniscus shaped corrector can be added to the Newtonian configuration, which gives it minimal aberration over a wide field of view, with one-fourth the coma of a similar standard Newtonian and one-half the coma of a Schmidt-Newtonian. Diffraction can also be minimized by using a high focal ratio with a proportionally small diagonal mirror mounted on the corrector.


title: Newtonian telescope

text: A Jones–Bird Newtonian (sometimes called a Bird–Jones) uses a spherical primary mirror in place of a parabolic one, with spherical aberrations corrected by sub-aperture corrector lens usually mounted inside the focusser tube or in front of the secondary mirror. This design reduces the size and cost of the telescope with a shorter overall telescope tube length (with the corrector extending the focal length in a "telephoto" type layout) combined with a less costly spherical mirror. Commercially produced versions of this design have been noted to be optically compromised, due to the difficulty of producing a correctly shaped sub-aperture corrector, and are targeted at the inexpensive end of the telescope market.


title: Newtonian telescope

text: Newton's idea for a reflecting telescope was not new. Galileo Galilei and Giovanni Francesco Sagredo had discussed using a mirror as the image forming objective soon after the invention of the refracting telescope, and others, such as Niccolò Zucchi, claimed to have experimented with the idea as far back as 1616. Newton may even have read James Gregory's 1663 book "Optica Promota" which described reflecting telescope designs using parabolic mirrors (a telescope Gregory had been trying unsuccessfully to build).


title: Newtonian telescope

text: Newton built his reflecting telescope because he suspected it could prove his theory that white light is composed of a spectrum of colours. Colour distortion (chromatic aberration) was the primary fault of refracting telescopes of Newton's day, and there were many theories as to what caused it. During the mid-1660s with his work on the theory of colour, Newton concluded this defect was caused by the lens of the refracting telescope behaving the same as prisms he was experimenting with, breaking white light into a rainbow of colours around bright astronomical objects. If this were true, then chromatic aberration could be eliminated by building a telescope which did not use a lens – a reflecting telescope.


title: Newtonian telescope

text: In late 1668 Isaac Newton built his first reflecting telescope. He chose an alloy (speculum metal) of tin and copper as the most suitable material for his objective mirror. He later devised means for shaping and grinding the mirror and may have been the first to use a pitch lap to polish the optical surface. He chose a spherical shape for his mirror instead of a parabola to simplify construction; even though it would introduce spherical aberration, it would still correct chromatic aberration. He added to his reflector what is the hallmark of the design of a Newtonian telescope, a secondary diagonally mounted mirror near the primary mirror's focus to reflect the image at a 90° angle to an eyepiece mounted on the side of the telescope. This unique addition allowed the image to be viewed with minimal obstruction of the objective mirror. He also made the tube, mount, and fittings. Newton's first version had a primary mirror diameter of and a focal ratio of f/5. He found that the telescope worked without colour distortion and that he could see the four Galilean moons of Jupiter and the crescent phase of the planet Venus with it. Newton's friend Isaac Barrow showed a second telescope to a small group from the Royal Society of London at the end of 1671. They were so impressed with it that they demonstrated it to Charles II in January 1672. Newton was admitted as a fellow of the society in the same year.


title: Newtonian telescope

text: Like Gregory before him, Newton found it hard to construct an effective reflector. It was difficult to grind the speculum metal to a regular curvature. The surface also tarnished rapidly; the consequent low reflectivity of the mirror and also its small size meant that the view through the telescope was very dim compared to contemporary refractors. Because of these difficulties in construction, the Newtonian reflecting telescope was initially not widely adopted. In 1721 John Hadley showed a much-improved model to the Royal Society. Hadley had solved many of the problems of making a parabolic mirror. His Newtonian with a mirror diameter of compared favourably with the large aerial refracting telescopes of the day.


title: Untouchable (2019 film)

text: Untouchable is a 2019 British documentary film about film producer Harvey Weinstein and the sexual abuse allegations that involve him. It was directed by Ursula Macfarlane.


title: Untouchable (2019 film)

text: The film focuses on interviews with Weinstein’s accusers, including Rosanna Arquette, Paz de la Huerta, and Erika Rosenbaum.


title: Untouchable (2019 film)

text: In the film, actors and actresses also appear for whom archival date was used. Who played themselves. They were also credited. This is Ben Affleck, Gillian Anderson, Asia Argento, Kate Beckinsale, Roberto Benigni, Juliette Binoche, Tom Cruise, Penelope Cruz, Uma Thurman, Nicole Kidman etc.


title: Untouchable (2019 film)

text: The film's festival debut at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival was followed by Hulu's acquisition of distribution rights, who released the film on 2 September 2019.


title: Untouchable (2019 film)

text: On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has approval rating, based on reviews. The website's consensus reads, "While subsequent documentaries on the subject might be more comprehensive, "Untouchable" offers a gut-wrenching look at horrific abuses of power."


title: Untouchable (2019 film)

text: Writing for "Entertainment Weekly", Leah Greenblatt called the film "[a] methodical, unmissable takedown."


title: Untouchable (2019 film)

text: Sharon Waxman of "TheWrap" wrote, "What director Ursula Macfarlane’s film does best is place the Weinstein scandal in context, revisiting the early years of Bob and Harvey, two brothers set on challenging the staid parameters of Hollywood filmmaking by making bold choices and supporting daring writer-directors."


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: The Peru First Division (; "First Division") —known as Liga 1 Betsson for sponsorship reasons and officially as Liga 1 — is the top flight of association football in Peru. It has been referred to as Torneo Descentralizado since 1966, when the first teams residing outside the Lima and Callao provinces were invited to compete in the inaugural league national competition.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: The main sponsor is the Spanish telecommunications brand Movistar. There are 20 teams in the division of a league that operates on a system of promotion and relegation determined at the end of the season with the Segunda División and the Copa Perú. Seasons run from February to December with each team playing 44 matches. The league is organized by Asociación Deportiva de Fútbol Profesional () (ADFP)


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: The Peruvian Football League was founded on an amateur basis and organized in 1912 into the two tiers of Primera División and the Segunda División. Editions from 1912 to 1921 were played by clubs based in Lima and considered unofficial by the Peruvian Football Federation (FPF), which came into existence in 1926. The Primera División became professional in 1951. In 1966, the first true national league was founded and continues.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: As of the win by current champion Alianza Lima in the 2022 season, the league championship has gone to 21 different clubs, though a majority (70 of 105 championships) have been won by just three clubs: Universitario (26), Alianza Lima (25), and Sporting Cristal (20).


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: Football was introduced in Peru in the 19th century by British residents in Lima. The early players were British residents, British sailors that stopped at the port in Callao, or upper class Peruvians were introduced to the sport on their travels. The first recorded football match in Lima was played on 7 August 1892 between British residents and Peruvians at the club ground Santa Sofía belonging to the Lima Cricket and Lawn Tennis club. Interest in sport slowly grew among the upper class Peruvians who established clubs, such as Lima Cricket & Lawn Tennis and Regatas Lima club dedicated their sporting activities to cricket and tennis, and aquatic sports. Additional clubs would follow: Lawn Tennis club, Unión Cricket, and Unión Ciclista Lima. Football would gain a following: Unión Cricket would be the inaugural club to include football in their activities. Other clubs would follow.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: Just before the turn of the 20th century, football was encouraged among students that began to hold small inter-scholastic championships. The first football club in Peru was Association FBC, founded on 20 May 1897 by students from different schools. Several other schools and students started their own football clubs. One club founded on 9 June 1902 by cricket enthusiasts from the "Instituto Chalaco" was Atlético Chalaco. They started to play football and become a representative team of Callao. Conversely, some educational institutions, like Universidad San Marcos would adopt a system of competition among clubs formed of faculty of each its colleges. Their competitions started as early as 1899. In time one faculty team would separate from the university to form their own independent football club, known today as Universitario. Clubs unaffiliated with educational institutions started to form. One of these clubs was Sport Alianza—today Alianza Lima—which was founded by Italians and Chinese of the working class of Lima in 1901 although their available records date from around 1912.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: After a period of time of random play competition among clubs, the idea of a league and championship status developed. In 1912, club Sporting Miraflores invited several other clubs in Lima and Callao to participate in the formation of a football league. Those clubs that accepted established the La Liga Peruana de fútbol (Peruvian Football League); teams from Callao declined the invitation. The inaugural season in 1912 established two divisions; Primera División and Segunda División. The Primera División composed of Lima Cricket, Association FBC, Miraflores, Sporting Miraflores, Jorge Chávez N°1, Escuela Militar de Chorrillos, Sport Progreso, Sport Inca and Sport Vitarte while the Segunda División composed Sport Lima, Carlos Tenaud N°1, Carlos Tenaud N°2, Atlético Grau N°1, Unión Miraflores, Libertad Barranco, Atlético Peruano y Sport Magdalena. Lima Cricket inaugurated the tournament championship title; Association finished second.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: The first edition was a relative success despite some minor setbacks. For instance, Escuela Militar de Chorrillos withdrew from the tournament in the middle of the season after only have earned 1 point. The second edition of the Liga Peruana had Jorge Chávez N°1 reach the top. The following year Lima Cricket would tally a second title. Sport José Gálvez—who refused to participate in 1912—won consecutive championships in 1915 and 1916. In 1917 Sport Juan Bielovucic championed the Liga. Sport Alianza would earn its first titles in 1918 and 1919. Sport Inca and Sport Progreso won the 1920 and 1921 seasons respectively. The league ran uninterrupted for 10 seasons until La Liga Peruana de fútbol temporarily disbanded due to disagreements. Between 1922 and 1925 no championships were played.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: The Peruvian Football Federation was founded in 1922 and restarted the Peruvian football league in 1926 with the addition of teams from Callao. Unfortunately, the two championships in 1926 and 1927 suffered drawback as teams withdrew from the league mid-season. Of the 11 competing teams, Sport Progreso was crowned champion. Because many clubs withdrew from the tournament, Sport Progeso only played 6 games. The following season, Alianza Lima conquered its third title; they had already won two back-to-back titles in 1918 and 1919. This season featured 8 teams. As in 1926, the league did not finish properly and Alianza Lima won after winning its 3 matches. In 1928, the federation increased the number of teams to 19 and separated them into 2 groups. 5 teams advanced to second stage where the winner was league champion. The first Clásico took place in this season. In the second stage Alianza Lima faced the newly invited Federación Universitaria. The match was a 1–0 win for Federación Universitaria and began the biggest rivalry in the history of Peruvian football. At the end of the second stage, Federación Universitaria and Alianza Lima were tied for first place which led to two extra matches between them to declare the 1928 champion. The first match was a 1–1 draw and the second was a 2–0 win for Alianza Lima.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: Following a second-place finish in their first division debut, Federación Universitaria would go on to win their first title in 1929. In 1930, the federation experimented with a new format. They separated the teams in 3 groups of 4 teams. The winner of each group advanced to the championship group to define the season champion. The three finalists were Atlético Chalaco, Alianza Lima, and Federación Universitaria. Atlético Chalaco would go on to win Callao's first title. Alianza Lima won the next four seasons. In 1935, the title would go back to Callao after Sport Boys–founded in 1927 and debuted in 1933–defeated the 4 teams it was competing against. In 1936, no championship was contested due to the participation of Peru in the Summer Olympics in Berlin. The championship returned in 1937 to be won by Sport Boys. The Peru national team that competed in Berlin was made up of mostly footballers who played in Sport Boys. One of the few exceptions was Teodoro Fernández who played for Universitario and scored 6 goals in 2 games. Deportivo Municipal, another club that would become a traditional team in Peruvian football, won its first championship in 1938 and a second in 1940 whilst Universitario a tallied four titles by winning in 1939 and 1941. Prior to 1939, teams played all other teams once in the course of the season. For the 1939, 1940, and 1941 seasons, teams played all others twice instead—a double round-robin tournament.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: In 1941 the Asociación No Amateur ("Non-Amateur Association") took the stand as the league's organizer and renamed the league Campeonato de Selección y Competencia. In 1942, Sport Boys won a third championship, finishing one point ahead of Deportivo Municipal. In this season, a single round-robin tournament was performed but the double round-robin returned next season. Deportivo Municipal lifted their third league trophy in 1943, and began to consolidate their place in Peruvian football. In 1944, a new champion was crowned by the name of Sucre. Universitario returned to the top after winning consecutive title between 1945 and 1946. In 1947 Atlético Chalaco won its last top flight division title. 1948 saw Alianza Lima taste glory again after trophyless seasons since their conquests between 1931 and 1934. 1949 and 1950—won by Universitario and Deportivo Municipal respectively—were the last two championships played before football would become a professional sport in Peru. Between 1946 and 1949, a triple round-robin tournament was employed until in 1950 the double round-robin system made its return. Midway through the 20th century, most of the clubs which had founded La Liga Peruana de fútbol had disappeared from the top flight and five teams had become the dominant forces in Peru; Alianza Lima, Universitario de Deportes, Deportivo Municipal, Sport Boys and Atletico Chalaco.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: In 1951 the top flight of Peruvian football earned professional status and the organization of the league was handed over to the ACF or Asociación Central de Fútbol ("Central Football Association"). Sport Boys won the first professional championship. In next 4 years, Alianza Lima rose to conquer 3 titles in 1952, 1954 and 1955. In addition, one-time champion Sucre won a second championship in 1953. The professional era saw the rise of a new team that would rival the five dominant clubs of the amateur era. During the course of Peruvian football, Rimac-based Sporting Tabaco was a regular contender. However, in December 1955, the brewery Backus and Johnston founded Sporting Cristal to represent them in the top flight. In their debut in professional football, Sporting Cristal won their first championship in 1956. The following season, a relatively unknown club by the name of Centro Iqueño won the championship. In addition, the 1957 season employed a new tournament format. After the double round-robin stage, the 10 teams were split into 2 groups for a further 4 matches. The top 5 would play for the season title and the bottom 5 for preventing relegation. This format would be used until 1959, between 1964 and 1965 (a similar format would be employed in 1969 and 1970). Sport Boys won a fifth title in 1958 while Universitario won an eighth in 1959.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: The 1960 season had a new attractive feature to Peruvian football; the champion would qualify to the newly created Copa de Campeones—today Copa Libertadores. Universitario de Deportes was the first Peruvian club to compete in the South American continental tournament after winning the 1960 season. In 1962 the ACF ended its run and the ADFP took its place as the current organizer of the league. In 1965, the runner-up would join the champion in the Copa Libertadores as CONMEBOL expanded the continental tournament. Up until 1965, only clubs based in Lima or Callao competed. Therefore, in 1966 the Asociación decided to expand the league outside Lima and Callao leading the championship to be renamed the Campeonato Descentralizado ("Decentralized Championship"). Atlético Grau of Piura, Melgar of Arequipa, Octavio Espinosa of Ica, and Alfonso Ugarte de Chiclín of Trujillo were the first four Peruvian clubs from the country interior to be invited to play in the top flight of Peruvian football, expanding it to 14 teams. The twist in this first Descentralizado was that only the best placed club outside Lima and Callao would remain in the first division; the other three would be relegated along with 1 Lima/Callao-based team. Miguel Grau—finished sixth—remained in the first division while Universitario was crowned first Descentralizado champion. With the new national championship, the Copa Perú was created to promote clubs outside the capital hub along with the Segunda División which promoted clubs from Lima and Callao. The first Copa Perú was played in 1967—prior to the start of the 1967 Descentralizado—returning Alfonso Ugarte de Chiclín and Octavio Espinoza to the top flight in addition to newcomer Juan Aurich of Chiclayo. Universitario would go on to win the second edition of the Torneo Descentralizado. However, in this season, only one club from the country interior was relegated instead of three.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: In the Torneo Descentralizado's third edition, improvements were made by the teams outside the capital hub, also known as "provincianos" to denote the clubs originate from the provinces of Peru. Notably Juan Aurich of Chiclayo tied with Sporting Cristal at the end of the season for first place. The championship was to be defined in a single playoff match in the Estadio Nacional. Sporting Cristal won the playoff 2–1 but Juan Aurich, as runner-up, qualified for the Copa Libertadores, being the first "provinciano" to do so. In 1969, the tournament suffered a minor change in the format. The tournament was played with 14 teams, as had been since 1966, however after the first leg of the round robin matchups, the table was split into two parts, with the top 6 fighting for the national title and the bottom 8 avoiding relegation. Universitario won their third Descentralizado title totalizing thirteen Primera División titles.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: In 1970, the national championship would modify the previous season's format. After the clubs played each other in a double round-robin tournament, the clubs would be separated into two groups of 7 each, then playing an additional double round-robin tournament to determine the champion. Sporting Cristal finished first obtaining their fourth league title, tying Deportivo Municipal's record. For the 1971 season, the championship was expanded to 16 teams. Universitario won the season title reaching fourteen Primera División titles, tying arch-rivals Alianza Lima in first division titles. Universitario's participation in the following season's Copa Libertadores would lead to an appearance in the continental finals against Independiente of Argentina, defeating Alianza Lima, Universidad de Chile and Unión San Felipe in the first group stage as well as defending champion Nacional and three-time champion Peñarol in the second group stage. In the first leg of the finals, they would draw in Lima 0–0 and lose 2–1 in Avellaneda. As in the 1972 Copa Libertadores, Universitario would finish second in the Descentralizado of 1972 to Sporting Cristal, tying Sport Boys 5 title record.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: Starting in 1984, the regional leagues would be employed which would be a complex system which featured up to 40 teams from all over the country.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: In 1997 the tournament format was modified again, this time employing a similar system being used in Argentina at the time. The general idea of the system was to divide the season into two tournaments called the Apertura and Clausura tournaments. At the end of the season the tournament winners faced in a season final for the championship title. The 1997 season did not have a final after Alianza Lima won both tournaments automatically winning the 1997 title ending an 18-season title drought. At the end of the 2008 season this format was abolished due to the lack of championship playoffs in 2007 and 2008. The 2009 season employed a new liguilla format including a regular season between 16 teams which would qualify to two groups depending on their placement at the end of the regular season. The winners of each group would dispute a two-legged final at the end of the season to determine the national champion.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: In 2018 the Peruvian Football Federation announced that the league would be restructured, called "Liga de Fútbol Profesional" and organized by the national federation itself instead of the ADFP, starting with the 2019 edition.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: As of 2022, Universitario, Alianza Lima and Sporting Cristal have won 26, 25 and 20 official league titles respectively. They are regarded as the Big Three of Peru. However, other teams have risen to new heights. In particular, a team from Cusco, Cienciano, has been the only Peruvian team to win international tournaments (Copa Sudamericana 2003 and Recopa Sudamericana 2004), though it has yet to win the domestic league title. Other notable teams include Binacional, Melgar, Juan Aurich and Unión Huaral, which are the only non-capital teams to have won a national championship.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: Below is the list of clubs that have appeared in Torneo Descentralizado since its inception in 1966 until the 2023 season. The teams in bold compete in Liga 1 currently.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: The 2019 season will be played by 18 teams. The season will be divided into three stages: Torneo Apertura, Torneo Clausura, and the Playoffs.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: The first and second stages will be two smaller Apertura and Clausura tournaments of 17 games each. Each team will play the other teams once during the Apertura tournament and once during the Clausura tournament in reversed order for a total of 34 matches. Points earned during the Apertura will not carry over during the Clausura. The winners of the Apertura and Clausura stages will qualify to the playoffs along with the top two teams of the aggregate table at the end of the season.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: The playoffs to decide the national champion will be contested by four teams, which will play two semifinals with the winners playing the final. In every stage of the playoffs, the teams with the most points on the aggregate table will choose which leg they play as the home team. If the teams are tied in points after the two legs of the final, a third match on neutral ground will be played to decide the national champion. If a team wins both the Apertura and Clausura, the playoffs will not be played and that team will be declared as champion.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: Qualification to international competitions will be as follows: the top four teams of the aggregate table will qualify for the Copa Libertadores, while the next four best teams in that table will qualify for the Copa Sudamericana. In case the Copa Bicentenario winners have already qualified for an international competition, the eighth best team in the aggregate table will also qualify for the Copa Sudamericana. The two teams with the fewest points in the aggregate table at the end of the season will be relegated.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: A system of promotion and relegation exists between the "Primera División" and the "Segunda División". The two lowest placed teams in Primera División are relegated to the "Segunda División", and the top team from the "Segunda División" and "Copa Perú" promoted to Primera.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: Eight teams participate in international competitions while they play the national championship. These international club fixtures take place during the week on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays. Peru is allotted 4 spots in the Copa Libertadores and 4 in the Copa Sudamericana.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: South America has two international competitions played every year. For 2019, Peru will have eight berths, four in the Copa Libertadores and four in the Copa Sudamericana.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: The Peruvian First Division is sponsored by Movistar TV (formerly known as Cable Mágico), hence the name Copa Movistar. They have had exclusive broadcasting rights since 2000.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: Currently, 19 clubs participate in the Liga 1, an increase of two from the 2019 season. Of these 20 clubs, only Universitario and Alianza Lima are owners of their home stadiums. The remaining 18 clubs are dependent upon the "Instituto Peruano del Deporte" for their local matches. 3 clubs operate as Sociedades Anónimas, the equivalent of a public limited company in the United Kingdom; these clubs are Universidad San Martín, Universidad César Vallejo and Sporting Cristal. The remaining 13 clubs operate as civil non-profit associations or "asociaciónes civiles sin fines de lucro" in Spanish. 7 of these clubs are from the Lima metropolitan area and the remaining clubs make up the 11 teams from the country's interior. Prior to the current 18-club Primera División, 14 teams competed in 2008, 12 between 2006 and 2007, and 16 between 2009 and 2018. In 1989 and 1990, the Primera División played with a record 44 teams.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: Universitario and Alianza Lima have a clear advantage of titles won over the other clubs in Peru. Since 1912, they have won a combined total of 48 Primera División championships of the 97 seasons contested, 26 and 22 respectively. Sporting Cristal trails behind with 19 professional era titles since their debut in 1956 and further behind is the traditional Sport Boys having conquered 6 league titles. Universidad de San Martín de Porres challenged the dominance of the Big Three with back-to-back titles in 2007 and 2008 and a third in 2010. In addition, Binacional, Melgar, Juan Aurich, and Unión Huaral are the only clubs outside the metropolitan area of Lima to have won a national championship. Other noteworthy clubs to have won championships include 4-time winner Deportivo Municipal.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: Universitario is the club with the longest spell in the Primera División, playing since 1928 when they debuted as Federación Universitaria and changing their name to Universitario de Deportes a few years later. They are followed by archrivals Alianza Lima who competed in the first edition of the Primera División but were relegated in 1938 and returning a year later for an uninterrupted spell since 1940. Melgar is the team with the longest run in the Primera División outside Lima, competing since 1971.


title: Peruvian Primera División

text: The oldest clubs currently participating in the Primera División is Alianza Lima which was founded at the beginning of the turn of the century in 1901. The newest club active in the Primera División include Binacional.


title: In Search of Darkness

text: In Search of Darkness is a 2019 documentary film written and directed by David A. Weiner and executive produced by Robin Block of CreatorVC Studios. An international co-production of the United Kingdom and the United States, the film explores the development and lasting impact of the horror film genre during the 1980s, and features interviews with numerous horror icons both from that decade and from the modern era, along with popular horror influencers.


title: In Search of Darkness

text: "In Search of Darkness" initially began as a crowdfunding campaign on Kickstarter in October 2018, and the project met its initial goal in two days. It went on to amass £99,478 in pledges from 1,532 backers on Kickstarter, before later moving platforms to Indiegogo in March 2019, where it has raised over £234,300. The film received an exclusive release in 2019 to backers of the project.


title: In Search of Darkness

text: On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, "In Search of Darkness" has an approval rating of , based on reviews, with an average rating of . Josh Weiss of "Forbes" called the documentary "a scary good magnum opus" and recommended it for fans of horror fiction and for those interested in history, writing: "At times, you'll be lost in wonder at how this comprehensively epic behemoth was cut together in the first place. [...] This is a definitive, intimate, anecdotal, thematic, funny, and loving oral history of a decade that changed the face of big screen horror forever." Michelle Swope of Dread Central gave the film a score of 5 out of 5, writing that "even at about four hours long, it's never boring", and summarizing it as "an all-encompassing, delightfully spooky love letter to eighties horror."


title: In Search of Darkness

text: Carolyn Mauricette of "Rue Morgue" wrote that "You might find the volume of information overwhelming at first because they come at you with a rapid-fire pace, but once you settle in, this documentary is a great ride." Noah Berlatsky of "The Verge" called the documentary "a compulsively watchable delight" and wrote that "even hardcore genre fans are bound to find something new they'd like to see or something old they want to revisit". Jessica Gomez of All Horror wrote: "It's well-researched, well-rounded, and filmed without bias. A masterpiece worthy of the most important decade of horror."


title: In Search of Darkness

text: "In Search of Darkness" was the second installment of the "In Search of" documentary series, following "In Search of the Last Action Heroes", which is dedicated to 1980s and 1990s action cinema.<br>


title: In Search of Darkness

text: It was followed by several further films: "In Search of Tomorrow", which chronicles science fiction films of the 1980s, and "" and "", which serve as a direct continuation of "In Search of Darkness".


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: Revenge of the Dreamers III is the third compilation album by American record label Dreamville, released on July 5, 2019, by Dreamville and Interscope Records.


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: "Revenge of the Dreamers III" includes contributions from Dreamville artists, J. Cole, Bas, Cozz, Omen, Lute, Ari Lennox, EarthGang, and JID. The album features appearances from several artists including DaBaby, T.I, Young Nudy, Buddy, Reason, Maxo Kream, Ski Mask the Slump God, Mez, 6lack, Mereba, Vince Staples, Ty Dolla Sign, Dreezy, Smino, Saba, and Guapdad 4000, among others. The album features production from a variety of record producers, including T-Minus, Christo, Elite, Bink!, Deputy, Henny Tha Bizness, Hollywood JB, ChaseTheMoney, Pyrex, Galimatias, Pluss, Kal Banx, and Cam O'bi, among others. Recording sessions for "Revenge of the Dreamers III" took place in Atlanta, Georgia at Tree Sound Studios over the course of 10 days in January 2019. A total of 343 artists and producers were invited, while 142 songs were recorded during the sessions. On the standard edition of the album, 35 artists and 27 producers contributed to the final product. The album was accompanied by a thirty-minute documentary titled, "", documenting the recording sessions.


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: The album was supported by the single "Middle Child", and two sets of dual singles. The first of the two sets included the songs "Down Bad" and "Got Me" and was released on June 12, 2019. The second set of dual singles were released on July 1, 2019, titled "LamboTruck" and "Costa Rica". The deluxe edition of the album was released on January 16, 2020, with 12 additional songs supported by the dual singles "Bussit" and "Still Up".


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: "Revenge of the Dreamers III" received positive reviews from critics and debuted atop the US "Billboard" 200, selling 115,000 album-equivalent units in its first week, earning Dreamville its first US number-one album. The album also debuted at number one on "Billboard"s Canadian Albums Chart. "Revenge of the Dreamers III" was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The album was nominated for Best Rap Album at the 2020 Grammy Awards, while "Middle Child" and "Down Bad" were nominated for Best Rap Performance.


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: On January 6, 2019, J. Cole took to Twitter to announce the album, by uploading a gold poster-like invitation. The poster read: "Your presence and participation is requested for the recording sessions of the upcoming compilation album Revenge of The Dreamers III". Recording sessions took place in Atlanta at Tree Sound Studios beginning January 6 through January 16, 2019. Senior writer for "DJBooth", Yoh Phillips, was invited to the recording sessions and remarked on how the whole idea came to be:


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: Throughout the 10-days of recording, invitations were shared by the entire Dreamville roster, among other artists and producers outside of Dreamville. A total of 343 artists and producers were invited to the sessions. Describing the scene in the several rooms of the studio, videographer Chase Fade said: "There's different energy in all of these different rooms, with a bunch of producers coming in, a bunch of rappers coming in, singers, managers, you name it. If you pop in one room and they're making trap music, you pop in another room and they're making some R&B, pop in another room and they're making some soulful stuff. You never know." According to Dreamville President Ibrahim Hamad, over 124 songs were recorded, as he spoke with "XXL" on the thought process behind the 10-day recording sessions:


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: On the first day of recording, Bas arrived from South Africa to Atlanta, hearing JID record a verse and hook for "Down Bad", and decided to write his verse on the song. "Sunset" was produced by Pryex who says, "It was a skeleton that I and ChaseTheMoney had started in another studio. We had started that a year ago and we came back to it, and were in the room making the beat when J. Cole walked in, heard it and was like, 'Can I write?'" Deante' Hitchcock arrived on the fourth day, who wrote his verse for "PTSD" with Omen, Cam O'bi, Mereba, and St. Beauty. Arsenio Archer made the beat for "Self Love" before arriving at the Dreamville sessions, as Najee Travis arranged for Ari Lennox and Baby Rose to be on the song.


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: On the fifth day, Groove said "it was kind of an energy shift of the artists that were there," as Buddy, Smino, Saba, Mez, and more arrived to the sessions. "Sacrifices" was produced by Groove and co-produced by Henny Tha Bizness, who gave Groove a folder of samples to work with and included the guitar riffs used on the song. Olu was the first to record his verse as Smino, Saba and Cole were writing their verses. The song was created on the same day and the same room as the Elite-produced "1993", with a total of ten songs made that day.


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: Bas recalls that "Costa Rica" was recorded around 5:00 A.M. with whoever was left in the studio, the song ended up becoming the most collaborated track on the album with nine artists. Hollywood JB made the "Oh Wow" beat in the summer of 2017, and was intended to be sent to J. Cole before he released "KOD". He played it in a session with Smino, JID, Buddy, and Guapdad 4000 as all started working on the hook before Cole walked in the room and recorded his verse. "Wells Fargo" was recorded on the last day, with Buddy freestyling a verse and JID had a cadence for the hook, Guapdad 4000 says the song was created in "15 minutes or less".


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: During the 2019 NBA All-Star Weekend in Charlotte, North Carolina, Dreamville held multiple events scheduled for the weekend, starting with an exclusive limited edition merchandise pop-up shop, a Dreamville brunch, and a private concert featuring the artists on the label taking place after the All Star game – which J. Cole was the halftime show performer. During the free concert, they previewed a few songs from the album. The entire Dreamville roster was featured on the cover of "XXL" magazine's spring 2019 issue, shot by photographer Jonathan Mannion. JID spoke with the magazine talking about the album saying "that’s the most creative shit I ever did. I want to do this for the rest of my life—just collab and record, be around creatives and shit. It’s all respect, all love, no egos. You making relationships with people outside of if you get a song done. Y’all probably exchange numbers. And that’s cool ’cause I like to have a conversation before I jump into creating."


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: Dreamville representatives used hotline phone number, 1-888-88-DREAM to talk to fans and also play some exclusive tracks from the album. On June 26, 2019, Dreamville released a trailer announcing, "", a film documenting the album's recording sessions in Atlanta. The documentary was released on July 2, 2019 on Dreamville's official YouTube account. On July 1, 2019, J. Cole took to social media to announce that the album would be released on July 5, 2019. Cole also posted a link to a pre-order page selling limited edition merchandise, including "Revenge of the Dreamers III" on vinyl. Dreamville revealed the official tracklist, and production and engineer credits a few hours before the album's release. On July 4, 2019, J. Cole and Dreamville hosted The Day Party at the sold out Brooklyn Mirage and was joined by DJ Clue?, DJ Moma, and DJ Spade.


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: The deluxe edition of the album was announced on July 19. Fans got a chance to hear songs from it at the 2019 ComplexCon in Chicago on July 20 and 21, 2019. Free limited edition "Revenge of the Dreamers III" comics was released on July 27, 2019, in Chicago, New York City, Los Angeles, Charlotte, and Atlanta. Only 200 copies were available per city. "Revenge of the Dreamers III: Director's Cut" was released on January 16, 2020, including 12 songs featuring 8 Dreamville artists, as well as 6lack, Buddy, Smino, Saba, Dreezy, Childish Major, Guapdad 4000, Mez, and more.


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: On January 20, 2019, J. Cole cleared his Instagram page, the next day Cole cryptically posted a series of posts, they read: "I'm Counting My Bullets", "I'm Loading My Clips", "I'm Writing Down Names", and "I'm Making A List", Cole later deleted the tweets. Later that same day, Cole announced on social media that he was releasing a new single titled, "Middle Child" on January 23, 2019, at 9:00 PM EST, and uploaded the cover which featured the song's title capitalized over a grey background. With only one day of tracking, "Middle Child" debuted at number 26 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. The following week, the song peaked at number 4, making it Cole's highest charting song. An accompanying music video for the track was released on February 25, 2019.


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: On June 12, 2019, the first of two sets of dual singles were released: "Down Bad" featuring J. Cole, JID, Bas, EarthGang, and Young Nudy, and "Got Me" featuring Ari Lennox, Omen, Ty Dolla Sign, and Dreezy. "Down Bad" has since peaked at number 64 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. The official music video for "Down Bad" was uploaded on YouTube on October 22, 2019. The video was filmed in Atlanta, Georgia.


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: On July 1, 2019, the second set of dual singles were released: "LamboTruck" featuring Cozz, Reason, and Childish Major and "Costa Rica" featuring Bas, JID, Guapdad 4000, Reese Laflare, Jace, Mez, Smokepurpp, Buddy, and Ski Mask the Slump God. Both singles were released together as an extended play titled, "ROTD3.COM", The EP's title is referencing the name of the website that Dreamville was selling limited merchandise on July 1, related to the album.


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: On January 13, 2020, the deluxe edition of the album was supported by two singles "Bussit" with Ari Lennox, and "Still Up" with EarthGang and Reason.


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: On August 12, 2019, the music video for "Sacrifices" featuring J. Cole, EarthGang, Smino and Saba was released. The video was directed by Scott Lazer, David Peters, and Chad Tennies. On August 26, Dreamville released the music video for "Sleep Deprived" featuring Lute, Omen, Mez and DaVionne, and was shot in one-take in Harlem. On September 16, the music video for "Under the Sun" was released with Cole, Lute, and DaBaby, directed by Scott Lazer, Aisultan Seitov, David Peters, and Chad Tennies.


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: In 2020, Dreamville released additional music videos for "Swivel" directed by Micah Anthony, Chad Tennies, Mac Grant and Caleb Seales, "LamboTruck" directed by Neal Farmer, "Bussit" directed by Tajana B. Williams, and "Don't Hit Me Right Now" directed by Tyler Sobel-Mason.


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: "Revenge of the Dreamers III" received generally positive reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 77, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: Sheldon Pearce of "Pitchfork" called the album a "successful meeting of the minds", he wrote: "the comp works because it never feels forced or closed off to ideas. Cole sheds the trap parody of "KOD" to really identify with those younger than him, even if it's just to reach an understanding." Robert Blair of "Highsnobiety" gave a positive review stating, "Aware of their favorable position in the industry, Cole and Dreamville took it upon themselves to create a watershed moment that foregoes petty squabbles or territorialism in order to celebrate an artform that captivates millions around the world. A launching pad for future stars and another accolade in the storied career of others, this one, as they say, is for the culture." Writing for "HipHopDX", Trent Clark praised the album calling it a "clinic for hardbody hip hop." He continued saying: ""ROTD3" sports keepers for a wide range of Hip Hop listeners, further proof that Young Simba has grown into the Mufasa of this rap shit. And his Dreamville pack is keeping the spirit of emceeing alive." Aaron Williams of Uproxx said, "if there's any complaint to be had, it's a most unusual one after critics and fans alike spent much of 2018 begging for mercy from rappers who kept releasing long projects. This is one time the 18 tracks we were given don't feel like enough."


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: Writing for "HotNewHipHop", Mitch Findlay said, "Given everything that went into crafting this third chapter of the Dreamville saga, it's difficult to deny the magnificent aura surrounding it. The accomplishment of its creation is enough to solidify the album as one of the year's most important releases thus far. Regardless of how one might feel about the music itself, the recording and release of "Dreamers 3" is an integral moment in hip-hop culture." Lucy Shanker of "Consequence of Sound" wrote: "If Cole's greater purpose was boosting the career of his prodigies, he succeeded. "Revenge of the Dreamers III" points out the obvious: the complete takeover of DaBaby, the undeniable powerhouse that is JID, and the melodious and irresistibly genuine Ari Lennox. But Cole has also done the anti-Drake: Instead of being a fan of artists whose talent reaches in different directions than his and subsequently exploiting their sound for his own benefit, Cole has provided the ultimate platform for underground artists to succeed."


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: "Revenge of the Dreamers III" debuted at number one on the US "Billboard" 200 with 115,000 album-equivalent units, of which 24,000 were pure album sales. It is Dreamville's first US number-one album, and J. Cole's sixth. Four songs from "Revenge of the Dreamers III" managed to chart on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, led by J. Cole's "Middle Child", which charted at number 34; in February, the song peaked at number 4 to become his highest-charting song. The tracks "Under the Sun", "Down Bad" and "Costa Rica" charted at positions 44, 64 and 75, respectively. "Revenge of the Dreamers III" remained in the top 10 of "Billboard" 200 for the next several weeks, selling 33,000 in its fourth week.


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: On July 30, 2019, "Revenge of the Dreamers III" was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over 500,000 album-equivalent units in the US. As of August 30, 2019 the album has been in the top 15 of the US "Billboard 200" for seven straight weeks. Since release "Down Bad", and "Costa Rica" has all been certified Gold, while "Under the Sun" has been certified platinum and "Middle Child" has been certified quintuple platinum. On April 27, 2020, the album has been certified platinum.


title: Revenge of the Dreamers III

text: After the release of the deluxe edition, the album earned the largest chart gains of that week, rising to number 12 on the "Billboard" 200, selling 33,000 album-equivalent units in its 29th week.


title: Every Trick in the Book

text: Every Trick in the Book is the fourth album by the American heavy metal band Ice Nine Kills, released on December 4, 2015 by Fearless Records. It is the band's first release through Fearless Records and their fourth overall. Each track on the album is based on a piece of literature. Some examples of the source material are: "Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde" ("Me, Myself & Hyde"), "Dracula" ("Bloodbath & Beyond"), "The Exorcist" ("Communion of the Cursed"), and "Romeo & Juliet" ("Star-Crossed Enemies"). The album peaked at number 122 on the US "Billboard" 200, selling over 7,300 albums in its first week. This is the last album the band released to feature Conor Sullivan on drums.


title: Beit She'an

text: Beit She'an ( '), also Beth-shean, formerly Beisan ( ), is a town in the Northern District of Israel. The town lies at the Beit She'an Valley about 120 m (394 feet) below sea level.


title: Beit She'an

text: Beit She'an is believed to be one of the oldest cities in the region. It has played an important role in history due to its geographical location at the junction of the Jordan River Valley and the Jezreel Valley. The town's ancient tell contains remains beginning in the Chalcolithic period. It served as an Egyptian administrative center during the Late Bronze Age. During the Hellenistic period, the settlement was known as Scythopolis (Ancient Greek: "Σκυθόπολις"). After the region came under Roman rule, Scythopolis gained imperial free status and was the leading city of the Decapolis. Later, under Byzantine rule, it served as the capital of Palaestina Secunda. Following the Arab conquest of the Levant, the city lost its prominence.


title: Beit She'an

text: The population of the town was completely changed from 1948 to 1950. It had been entirely Muslim and Christian, designated to be part of the Jewish state in the 1947 United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, and was captured by the Haganah in May 1948. The battle over the town during Operation Gideon caused most of its inhabitants to flee, and the remainder were expelled. The town was then resettled exclusively by Jewish immigrants.


title: Beit She'an

text: Today, Beit She'an serves as a regional centre for the towns in the Beit She'an Valley. The ancient city ruins are now protected within the Beit She'an National Park.


title: Beit She'an

text: Beit She'an's location has always been strategically significant, due to its position at the junction of the Jordan River Valley and the Jezreel Valley, essentially controlling access from Jordan and the inland to the coast, as well as from Jerusalem and Jericho to the Galilee.


title: Beit She'an

text: Beit She'an is situated on Highway 90, the north–south road which runs the length of Israel. The city stretches over an area of 7 square kilometers with a substantial national park in the north of the city. Beit She'an has a population of 20,000.


title: Beit She'an

text: In 1933, archaeologist G.M. FitzGerald, under the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania Museum, carried out a "deep cut" on Tell el-Hisn ("castle hill"), the large tell, or mound, of Beth She'an, in order to determine the earliest occupation of the site. His results suggest that settlement began in the Late Neolithic or Early Chalcolithic periods (sixth to fifth millennia BCE.) Occupation continued intermittently throughout the Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods, with a likely gap during the Late Chalcolithic period (ca. 4000–3300 BCE).


title: Beit She'an

text: Settlement seems to have resumed at the beginning of the Early Bronze Age I (3200–3000) and continues throughout this period, is then missing during the Early Bronze Age II, and then resumes in the Early Bronze Age III.


title: Beit She'an

text: A large cemetery on the northern mound was in use from the Bronze Age to Byzantine times. Canaanite graves dating from 2000 to 1600 BCE were discovered there in 1926.


title: Beit She'an

text: After the conquest of Beit She'an by Pharaoh Thutmose III in the 15th century BCE, as recorded in an inscription at Karnak, the small town on the summit of the mound became the center of the Egyptian administration of the region. The Egyptian newcomers changed the organization of the town and left a great deal of material culture behind. A large Canaanite temple ( in length) excavated by the University of Pennsylvania Museum (Penn Museum) may date from about the same period as Thutmose III's conquest, though the Hebrew University excavations suggest that it dates to a later period. Artifacts of potential cultic significance were found around the temple. Based on a stele found in the temple, inscribed with Egyptian hieroglyphs, the temple was dedicated to the god Mekal. The Hebrew University excavations determined that this temple was built on the site of an earlier one.


title: Beit She'an

text: One of the most important finds near the temple is the Lion and Lioness (or a dog) stela, currently in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem, which depicts the two playing.


title: Beit She'an

text: During the three hundred years of rule by the New Kingdom of Egypt, the population of Beit She'an appears to have been primarily Egyptian administrative officials and military personnel. The town was completely rebuilt, following a new layout, during the 19th dynasty. The Penn Museum excavations uncovered two important stelae from the period of Seti I and a monument of Ramesses II. One of those steles is particularly interesting because, according to William F. Albright, it testifies to the presence of a Hebrew population: the Habiru, which Seti I protected from an Asiatic tribe. Pottery was produced locally, but some was made to mimic Egyptian forms. Other Canaanite goods existed alongside Egyptian imports, or locally made Egyptian-style objects. The 20th Dynasty saw the construction of large administrative buildings in Beit She'an, including "Building 1500", a small palace for the Egyptian governor. During the 20th Dynasty, invasions of the "Sea Peoples" upset Egypt's control over the Eastern Mediterranean. Though the exact circumstances are unclear, the entire site of Beit She'an was destroyed by fire around 1150 BCE. The Egyptians did not attempt to rebuild their administrative center and finally lost control of the region.


title: Beit She'an

text: centuries BC. Most are in the typical Egyptian style but some are of a "grotesque" type linked to the Aegean which caused earlier archaeologists to suggest they were of the "sea peoples" which pharaoh Ramses III claimed to have resettled in the region.


title: Beit She'an

text: According to the Hebrew Bible, around 1000 BC the town became part of the larger Israelite kingdom. 1 Kings () refers to Beit She'an as part of the kingdom of Solomon, though the historical accuracy of this list is debated.


title: Beit She'an

text: An Iron Age I (1200-1000 BC) Canaanite city was constructed on the site of the Egyptian center shortly after its destruction.


title: Beit She'an

text: The Assyrian conquest of the northern kingdom of Israel under Tiglath-Pileser III (732 BC) brought about the destruction of Beit She'an by fire.


title: Beit She'an

text: The Hebrew Bible identifies Beit She'an as where the bodies of King Saul and three of his sons were hung by the Philistines after the Battle of Gilboa.


title: Beit She'an

text: According to the Hebrew Bible, during a battle against King Saul at nearby Mount Gilboa around the year 1010 BC, the Philistines prevailed and Saul together with three of his sons, Jonathan, Abinadab and Malchishua, died in battle (1 Samuel and 1 Chronicles, ). states that "the victorious Philistines hung the body of King Saul on the walls of Beit She'an". No archeological evidence was found of an occupation by the Philistines, but it is possible the force only passed there.


title: Beit She'an

text: The Hellenistic period saw the reoccupation of the site of Beit She'an under the new name "Scythopolis" (Ancient Greek: Σκυθόπολις), possibly named after the Scythian mercenaries who settled there as veterans. Little is known about the Hellenistic city, but during the 3rd century BCE a large temple was constructed on the tell. It is unknown which deity was worshipped there, but the temple continued to be used during Roman times. Graves dating from the Hellenistic period are simple, singular rock-cut tombs. From 301 to 198 BCE the area was under the control of the Ptolemies, and Beit She'an is mentioned in 3rd–2nd century BCE written sources describing the Syrian Wars between the Ptolemaic and Seleucid dynasties. In 198 BCE the Seleucids finally conquered the region.


title: Beit She'an

text: In 63 BCE, Pompey made Judea a part of the Roman Republic. Beit She'an was refounded and rebuilt by Gabinius. The town center shifted from the summit of the mound, or tell, to its slopes. Scythopolis prospered and became the leading city of the Decapolis, the only one west of the Jordan River.


title: Beit She'an

text: The city flourished under the "Pax Romana", as evidenced by high-level urban planning and extensive construction, including the best preserved Roman theatre of ancient Samaria, as well as a hippodrome, a cardo and other trademarks of the Roman influence. Mount Gilboa, away, provided dark basalt blocks, as well as water (via an aqueduct) to the town. Beit She'an is said to have sided with the Romans during the early phase of the First Jewish–Roman War in 66 CE. Excavations have focused less on the Roman period ruins, so not much is known about this period. The Penn. University Museum excavation of the northern cemetery, however, did uncover significant finds. The Roman period tombs are of the "loculus" type: a rectangular rock-cut spacious chamber with smaller chambers ("loculi") cut into its side. Bodies were placed directly in the "loculi", or inside sarcophagi which were placed in the "loculi". A sarcophagus with an inscription identifying its occupant in Greek as "Antiochus, the son of Phallion", may have held the cousin of Herod the Great. One of the most interesting Roman grave finds was a bronze incense shovel with the handle in the form of an animal leg, or hoof, now in the University of Pennsylvania Museum.


title: Beit She'an

text: Copious archaeological remains were found dating to the Byzantine period (330–636 CE) and were excavated by the University of Pennsylvania Museum from 1921 to 1923. A rotunda church was constructed on top of the Tell and the entire city was enclosed in a wall. Textual sources mention several other churches in the town. Beit She'an was primarily Christian, as attested to by the large number of churches, but evidence of Jewish habitation and a Samaritan synagogue indicate established communities of these minorities. The pagan temple in the city centre was destroyed, but the nymphaeum and Roman baths were restored. Many of the buildings of Scythopolis were damaged in the Galilee earthquake of 363, and in 409 it became the capital of the northern district, Palaestina Secunda. As such, Scythopolis (v.) also became the Metropolitan archdiocese of the province.


title: Beit She'an

text: Dedicatory inscriptions indicate a preference for donations to religious buildings, and many colourful mosaics, such as that featuring the zodiac in the Monastery of Lady Mary, or the one picturing a menorah and shalom in the House of Leontius' Jewish synagogue, were preserved. A Samaritan synagogue's mosaic was unique in abstaining from human or animal images, instead utilising floral and geometrical motifs. Elaborate decorations were also found in the settlement's many luxurious villas, and in the 6th century especially, the city reached its maximum size of 40,000 and spread beyond its period city walls.


title: Beit She'an

text: The Byzantine period portion of the northern cemetery was excavated in 1926. The tombs from this period consisted of small rock-cut halls with vaulted graves on three sides. A great variety of objects were found in the tombs, including terracotta figurines possibly depicting the Virgin and Child, many terracotta lamps, glass mirrors, bells, tools, knives, finger rings, iron keys, glass beads, bone hairpins, and many other items.


title: Beit She'an

text: Important Christian personalities who lived or passed through Byzantine Scythopolis are St Procopius of Scythopolis (died July 7, 303 AD), Cyril of Scythopolis (ca. 525–559), St Epiphanius of Salamis (c. 310/320 – 403) and Joseph of Tiberias (c. 285 – c. 356) who met there around the year 355.


title: Beit She'an

text: In 634, Byzantine forces were defeated by the Muslim army of Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab and the city reverted to its Semitic name, being named Baysan in Arabic. The day of victory came to be known in Arabic as "Yawm Baysan" or "the day of Baysan." The city was not damaged and the newly arrived Muslims lived together with its Christian population until the 8th century, but the city declined during this period. Structures were built in the streets themselves, narrowing them to mere alleyways, and makeshift shops were opened among the colonnades. The city reached a low point by the 8th century, witnessed by the removal of marble for producing lime, the blocking off of the main street, and the conversion of a main plaza into a cemetery. However, some recently discovered counter-evidence may be offered to this picture of decline. In common with state-directed building work carried out in other towns and cities in the region during the 720s, Baysan's commercial infrastructure was refurbished: its main colonnaded market street, once thought to date to the sixth century, is now known—on the basis of a mosaic inscription—to be a redesign dating from the time of the Umayyad caliph Hisham (r. 724–43). Abu Ubayd al-Andalusi noted that the wine produced there was delicious.


title: Beit She'an

text: On January 18, 749, Umayyad Baysan was completely devastated by a catastrophic earthquake. A few residential neighborhoods grew up on the ruins, probably established by the survivors, but the city never recovered its magnificence. The city center moved to the southern hill where later the Crusaders built their castle.


title: Beit She'an

text: Jerusalemite historian al-Muqaddasi visited Baysan in 985, during Abbasid rule and wrote that it was "on the river, with plentiful palm trees, and water, though somewhat heavy (brackish.)" He further noted that Baysan was notable for its indigo, rice, dates and grape syrup known as "dibs". The town formed one of the districts ("kurah") of Jund al-Urdunn during this period. Its principal mosque was situated in the center of its marketplace.


title: Beit She'an

text: In the Crusader period, the Lordship of Bessan was occupied by Tancred, Prince of Galilee in 1099; it was never part of the Principality of Galilee, despite its location, but became a royal domain of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1101, probably until around 1120. According to the Lignages d'Outremer, the first Crusader lord of Bessan once it became part of the Kingdom of Jerusalem was Adam, a younger son of Robert III de Béthune, peer of Flanders and head of the House of Bethune. His descendants were known by the family name "de Bessan".


title: Beit She'an

text: It occasionally passed back under royal control until new lords were created. The town became part of the Belvoir fiefdom.


title: Beit She'an

text: A small Crusader fortress surrounded by a moat was built in the area southeast of the Roman theatre, where the diminished town had relocated after the 749 earthquake. The fortress was destroyed by Saladin in 1183.


title: Beit She'an

text: During the 1260 Battle of Ain Jalut, retreating Mongol forces passed in the vicinity but did not enter the town itself.


title: Beit She'an

text: Under Mamluk rule, Beit She'an was the principal town in the district of Damascus and a relay station for the postal service between Damascus and Cairo. It was also the capital of sugar cane processing for the region. Jisr al-Maqtu'a, "the truncated/cut-off bridge", a bridge consisting of a single arch spanning and hung above a stream, was built during that period.


title: Beit She'an

text: During this period the inhabitants of Beit She'an were mainly Muslim. There were however some Jews. For example, the 14th century topographer Ishtori Haparchi settled there and completed his work "Kaftor Vaferach" in 1322, the first Hebrew book on the geography of Palestine.


title: Beit She'an

text: During the 400 years of Ottoman rule, Baysan lost its regional importance. During the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II when the Jezreel Valley railway, which was part of the Haifa-Damascus extension of the Hejaz railway was constructed, a limited revival took place. The local peasant population was largely impoverished by the Ottoman feudal land system which leased tracts of land to tenants and collected taxes from them for their use.


title: Beit She'an

text: The Swiss–German traveler Johann Ludwig Burckhardt described Beisan in 1812: "The present village of Bysan contains seventy or eighty houses; its inhabitants are in a miserable condition, from being exposed to the depredations of the Bedouins of the Ghor, to whom they also pay a heavy tribute." In the early 20th century, though still a small and obscure village, Beisan was known for its plentiful water supply, fertile soil, and its production of olives, grapes, figs, almonds, apricots, and apples.


title: Beit She'an

text: According to a census conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities, Beit She'an (Baisan) had a population of 1,941, consisting of 1,687 Muslims, 41 Jews and 213 Christians.


title: Beit She'an

text: In 1934, Lawrence of Arabia noted that "Bisan is now a purely Arab village," where "very fine views of the river can be had from the housetops." He further noted that "many nomad and Bedouin encampments, distinguished by their black tents, were scattered about the riverine plain, their flocks and herds grazing round them." Beisan was home to a mainly Mizrahi Jewish community of 95 until 1936, when the 1936–1939 Arab revolt saw Beisan serve as a center of Arab attacks on Jews in Palestine. In 1938, after learning of the murder of his close friend and Jewish leader Haim Sturmann, Orde Wingate led his men on an offensive in the Arab section of Baysan, the rebels’ suspected base.


title: Beit She'an

text: According to population surveys conducted in British Mandate Palestine, Beisan consisted of 5,080 Muslim Arabs out of a population of 5,540 (92% of the population), with the remainder being listed as Christians. In 1945, the surrounding District of Baysan consisted of 16,660 Muslims (67%), 7,590 Jews (30%), and 680 Christians (3%); and Arabs owned 44% of land, Jews owned 34%, and 22% constituted public lands. The 1947 UN Partition Plan allocated Beisan and most of its district to the proposed Jewish state.Jewish forces and local Bedouins first clashed during the 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine in February and March 1948, part of Operation Gideon, which Walid Khalidi argues was part of a wider Plan Dalet. Joseph Weitz, a leading Yishuv figure, wrote in his diary on May 4, 1948, that, "The Beit Shean Valley is the gate for our state in the Galilee...[I]ts clearing is the need of the hour."


title: Beit She'an

text: After Israel's Declaration of Independence in May 1948, during intense shelling by Syrian border units, followed by the recapture of the valley by the Haganah, the Arab inhabitants fled across the Jordan River. The property and buildings abandoned after the conflict were then held by the State of Israel. Most Arab Christians relocated to Nazareth. A ma'abarah (refugee camp) inhabited mainly by North African Jewish refugees was erected in Beit She'an, and it later became a development town.


title: Beit She'an

text: From 1969, Beit She'an was a target for Katyusha rockets and mortar attacks from Jordan. In the 1974 Beit She'an attack, militants of the Popular Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, took over an apartment building and murdered a family of four.


title: Beit She'an

text: In 1999, Beit She'an was incorporated as a city. Geographically, it lies in the middle of the Emek HaMaayanot Regional Council, formerly the Beit She'an Valley Regional Council.


title: Beit She'an

text: During the Second Intifada, in the 2002 Beit She'an attack, six Israelis were killed and over 30 were injured by two Palestinian militants, who opened fire and threw grenades at a polling station in the center of Bet She'an where party members were voting in the Likud primary.


title: Beit She'an

text: The University of Pennsylvania carried out excavations of ancient Beit She'an in 1921–1933. Relics from the Egyptian period were discovered, most of them now exhibited in the Rockefeller Museum in Jerusalem. Some are in the University of Pennsylvania Museum in Philadelphia. Excavations at the site were resumed by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1983 and then again from 1989 to 1996 under the direction of Amihai Mazar. The excavations have revealed no less than 18 successive ancient towns. Ancient Beit She'an, one of the most spectacular Roman and Byzantine sites in Israel, is a major tourist attraction. The seventh century Mosaic of Rehob was discovered by farmers of Kibbutz Ein HaNetziv. Part of a mosaic floor, it contains details of Jewish religious laws concerning tithes and the Sabbatical Year.


title: Beit She'an

text: Beit She'an is located above the Dead Sea Transform (a fault system that forms the transform boundary between the African Plate to the west and the Arabian Plate to the east) and is one of the cities in Israel most at risk to earthquakes (along with Safed, Tiberias, Kiryat Shmona and Eilat). Historically, the city was destroyed in the Golan earthquake of 749.


title: Beit She'an

text: According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), the population of the municipality was at the end of . In 2005, the ethnic makeup of the city was 99.5% Jewish and other non-Arab (97.3% Jewish), with no significant Arab population. See Population groups in Israel. The population breakdown by gender was 8,200 males and 8,100 females.


title: Beit She'an

text: Beit She'an is a center of cotton-growing, and many of residents are employed in the cotton fields of the surrounding kibbutzim. Other local industries include a textile mill and clothing factory.


title: Beit She'an

text: When the ancient city of Beit She'an was opened to the public in the 1990s and turned into a national park, tourism became a major sector of the economy.


title: Beit She'an

text: Beit She'an had a railway station that opened in 1904 on the Jezreel Valley railway which was an extension of the Hejaz railway. This station closed together with the rest of the Jezreel Valley railway in 1948. In 2011–2016 the valley railway was rebuilt and the new Beit She'an railway station, located at the same site as the historical station was opened. Passenger service offered at the station connects the city to Afula, Haifa and destinations in between. In addition to passenger service, the station also includes a freight rail terminal.


title: Beit She'an

text: The local football club, Hapoel Beit She'an spent several seasons in the top division in the 1990s, but folded in 2006 after several relegations. Maccabi Beit She'an currently plays in Liga Bet.


title: Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation

text: The Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation was a private foundation established in 2000 by New York convicted sex offender and financier Jeffrey Epstein. Officially registered as J. Epstein VI Foundation, the "VI" stands for Virgin Islands, where the foundation was based and Epstein owned a private island. The foundation's board included Cecile de Jongh, wife of the former governor of the United States Virgin Islands, John de Jongh.


title: Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation

text: the Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, directed by Martin Nowak, a professor of mathematics and biology. The university received only $6.5 million of this pledge. The foundation also supported NEURO.tv, a video series featuring experts discussing topics related to the brain, and the OpenCog project, an open-source software initiative for Artificial intelligence.


title: Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation

text: Over the years, the foundation convened many of these scientists in conferences to discuss the consensus on fundamental science topics such as gravity, global threats to the Earth and language.


title: Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation

text: As a representative of the foundation, Epstein sat on the Mind, Brain and Behavior Advisory Committee at Harvard University, and been involved in the Santa Fe Institute, the Theoretical Biology Initiative at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, and the Quantum Gravity Program at the University of Pennsylvania. Epstein also served on the Trilateral Commission and the Council on Foreign Relations.


title: Shane Bieber

text: Shane Robert Bieber (born May 31, 1995) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Cleveland Guardians of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played college baseball for the UC Santa Barbara Gauchos baseball team as a walk-on. He was drafted by the Indians in the fourth round of the 2016 Major League Baseball draft. Bieber made his MLB debut with Cleveland in 2018, was named an All-Star in 2019 and 2021, and received the American League's 2020 Cy Young Award.


title: Shane Bieber

text: Bieber attended Laguna Hills High School in Laguna Hills, California. Bieber's pitch speed reached the mid-80s as a junior and his command was very strong. He was recruited to play college baseball at University of California, Santa Barbara as a walk-on and did not receive much attention from many other programs. As a senior in 2013, he pitched to an 8–4 record with a 1.40 ERA.


title: Shane Bieber

text: After graduating, he enrolled at Santa Barbara where he played for the UC Santa Barbara Gauchos baseball team as a walk-on. He earned a scholarship by his sophomore year. In 2014, he played collegiate summer baseball in the West Coast League for the Cowlitz Black Bears. In 2015, he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Yarmouth-Dennis Red Sox. In 2016, his junior year, he went 12–4 with a 2.74 ERA in 18 starts. He was drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the fourth round of the 2016 Major League Baseball draft.


title: Shane Bieber

text: Bieber signed and made his professional debut with the Mahoning Valley Scrappers, where he spent the whole season, posting a 0.38 ERA in 24 innings. He spent 2017 with the Lake County Captains, Lynchburg Hillcats, and Akron RubberDucks, pitching to a combined 10–5 record with a 2.86 ERA in 28 starts between the three teams.


title: Shane Bieber

text: On May 25, 2018, Bieber pitched a rain-shortened seven-inning no-hitter for the Triple-A Columbus Clippers against the Gwinnett Stripers.


title: Shane Bieber

text: The Indians purchased Bieber's contract on May 31, 2018, and added him to their active roster. He made his major league debut that evening, starting against the Minnesota Twins at Target Field. He pitched 5.2 innings, giving up four runs (all earned) and eight hits while walking one and striking out six as the Indians defeated Minnesota 9–8. Bieber finished his rookie season with an 11–5 record, a 4.55 ERA, and 118 strikeouts in 20 appearances.


title: Shane Bieber

text: Owning a 7–3 record with a 3.54 ERA over 18 games (17 starts) to begin the 2019 season, Bieber was named an MLB All-Star for the first time, for the All-Star Game played at Progressive Field in Cleveland. He struck out the side on 19 pitches in the fifth inning as the American League won, 4–3. He received the All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award. Bieber finished the season with a 15–8 record in 34 games (33 starts). In innings, he struck out 259. For the season, he received mention for the Cy Young Award voting for the first time, placing fourth in the American League.


title: Shane Bieber

text: The Indians made Bieber their Opening Day starting pitcher in 2020. They faced the Kansas City Royals on July 24, 2020, at Progressive Field. Bieber struck out 14 batters in six innings in a 2–0 victory, setting a team record for most strikeouts by a starting pitcher on Opening Day. In his next start on July 30 versus the Minnesota Twins, he struck out 13 batters in eight innings, tying Karl Spooner for the most strikeouts by a pitcher in their first two starts in a season.


title: Shane Bieber

text: In August, Bieber started six games and recorded a 1.63 ERA with 57 strikeouts, including five starts with double figures in strikeouts. Upon reaching 50 innings for the season, Bieber had tallied 84 strikeouts, the most by a starting pitcher in MLB history in that span, according to the Elias Sports Bureau. At the end of the month, he had led the majors in ERA (1.20), strikeouts (84), wins (six) and innings (). He was named American League Pitcher of the Month, his first monthly award in the major leagues. Bieber reached 100 strikeouts at the -inning mark versus Minnesota, the fastest in terms of innings pitched in one season in MLB history, passing Max Scherzer with 63 innings in 2018.


title: Shane Bieber

text: For the 2020 season, Bieber became the first pitcher since Justin Verlander (who won in 2011 with the Detroit Tigers), to capture the American League pitching triple crown (8 wins, 1.63 ERA, 122 strikeouts) as the AL leader in each of the three categories. He also led the AL in WAR (3.2), won-loss percentage (.889), fewest hits per 9 IP (5.353), and strikeouts per 9 IP (14.198).


title: Shane Bieber

text: In the 2020 American League Wild Card Series against the New York Yankees, Bieber allowed seven runs on nine hits in innings and the Indians were defeated 12-3. They lost the best-of-three series, 2-0, following a 10-9 loss on Game 2. Bieber was awarded the AL Cy Young Award after the season.


title: Shane Bieber

text: On February 18, 2021, it was announced that Bieber had tested positive for COVID-19. However, he recovered in time to be the Indians' Opening Day starter for the 2021 season. On June 14, Bieber was placed on the injured list with a subscapularis strain. He was later transferred to the 60-day injured list on July 25. Bieber was activated off of the injured list on September 24.


title: Shane Bieber

text: On March 22, 2022, Bieber signed a $6 million contract with the Guardians, avoiding salary arbitration.


title: Shane Bieber

text: Bieber and longtime girlfriend, Kara, got engaged in July 2021. During the baseball season, Bieber resides in Westlake, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland.


title: Shane Bieber

text: With the same last name as Canadian singer Justin Bieber, the Cleveland pitcher chose "Not Justin" as his nickname for Players Weekend in 2019. Justin was seen wearing a "Not Shane Bieber" jersey a few weeks later. Bieber later gifted Justin an Indians jersey. That same year, a Topps baseball card mistakenly called the pitcher "Justin" on the back of the card, with both Biebers joking about the mistake on Twitter.


title: Paul Eiding

text: Paul Eiding (born March 28, 1957) is an American actor and instructor, best known for his voice roles as Colonel Roy Campbell in the "Metal Gear" series and Max Tennyson in the "Ben 10" franchise.


title: Paul Eiding

text: During the 1970s, Eiding was a prolific commercial actor, appearing in advertisements for granola bars and clothing. He also worked for theater groups across the Midwest, including Dudley Riggs's Brave New Workshop. He led a number of workshops in Wausau, Wisconsin, and was a guest director for its community theater's production of the comedy-mystery "What the Butler Saw" in 1980. He was a director and actor for the Chanhassen Dinner Theater of Minneapolis, portraying Max Detweiler in its 1981 production of "The Sound of Music". In the late 1980s, Eiding appeared in the short-lived ABC sitcom "The Charmings" as the neighbor Don Miller.


title: 24th Infantry Division (United States)

text: The 24th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the United States Army that was inactivated in October 1996. Formed during World War II from the disbanding Hawaiian Division, the division saw action throughout the Pacific theater, first fighting in New Guinea before landing on the Philippine islands of Leyte and Luzon, driving Japanese forces from them. Following the end of the war, the division participated in occupation duties in Japan, and was the first division to respond at the outbreak of the Korean War. For the first 18 months of the war, the division was heavily engaged on the front lines with North Korean and Chinese forces, suffering over 10,000 casualties. It was withdrawn from the front lines to the reserve force for the remainder of the war after the second battle for Wonju, but returned to Korea for patrol duty at the end of major combat operations.


title: 24th Infantry Division (United States)

text: After its deployment in the Korean War, the division was active in Europe and the United States during the Cold War. It was based at Fort Stewart, Georgia and later reactivated at Fort Riley, Kansas. It did not see combat again until the Persian Gulf War, when it faced the Iraqi military. A few years after that conflict, it was inactivated as part of the post-Cold War U.S. military drawdown of the 1990s. The division was reactivated in October 1999 as a formation for training and deploying U.S. Army National Guard units before its deactivation in October 2006.


title: 24th Infantry Division (United States)

text: The 24th Infantry Division traces its lineage to Army units activated in Hawaii. It was activated under the Square Division Table of Organization and Equipment (TO&E) on 1 March 1921 as the Hawaiian Division at Schofield Barracks, Oahu. The division insignia is based on the taro leaf, emblematic of Hawaii. The division was assigned the 21st Infantry Regiment and the 22nd Infantry Regiment, both of which had been assigned to the US 11th Infantry Division prior to 1921.


title: 24th Infantry Division (United States)

text: The entire Hawaiian Division was concentrated at a single location during the next few years, allowing it to conduct more effective combined arms training. It was also manned at higher personnel levels than other divisions, and its field artillery was the first to be motorized.


title: 24th Infantry Division (United States)

text: Between August and September 1941, the Hawaiian Division's assets were reorganized to form two divisions under the new Triangular Division TO&E. Its brigade headquarters were disbanded and the 27th and 35th Infantry Regiments were assigned to the new 25th Infantry Division. Hawaiian Division headquarters was redesignated as Headquarters, 24th Infantry Division on 1 October 1941. The 24th Infantry Division also received the Hawaiian Division's Shoulder Sleeve Insignia, which was approved in 1921.


title: 24th Infantry Division (United States)

text: The division was then centered around three infantry regiments: the 19th Infantry Regiment and the 21st Infantry Regiment from the old Hawaiian Division, and the 299th Infantry Regiment from the Hawaii National Guard. In July 1942, the 299th Infantry was inactivated after its ranks were depleted by the transfer of many "Nisei" (second-generation Japanese-Americans) to form the 100th Infantry Battalion, and the 25th Infantry Division's 298th Infantry Regiment was reassigned to the 24th. Also part of the division were the 13th Field Artillery Battalion, the 52nd Field Artillery Battalion, the 63rd Field Artillery Battalion, the 11th Field Artillery Battalion, the 24th Signal Company, the 724th Ordnance Light Maintenance Company, the 24th Quartermaster Company, the 24th Reconnaissance Troop, the 3rd Engineer Combat Battalion, the 24th Medical Battalion, and the 24th Counterintelligence Corps Detachment.


title: 24th Infantry Division (United States)

text: The 24th Infantry Division was among the first US Army divisions to see combat in World War II and among the last to stop fighting. The division was on Oahu, with its headquarters at Schofield Barracks, when the Japanese launched their Attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 and the unit suffered some casualties during the attack. Among these casualties were Sgt. Paul J. Fadon (killed in a truck 10 miles north of Schofield Barracks), Pvt. Walter R. French, Pfc. Conrad Kujawa, Pvt. Torao Migita (killed by friendly fire in downtown Honolulu), and Cpt. Theodore J. Lewis (who became the 24th Infantry Division's first soldier killed during WWII). The division was then charged with the defense of northern Oahu, where it built an elaborate system of coastal defenses throughout 1942. In July 1942, the 299th Infantry Regiment was replaced by the 298th Infantry Regiment. One year later, this regiment was replaced by the 34th Infantry Regiment from the Hawaiian Department Reserve. The 34th Infantry remained with the 24th Infantry Division until the end of the war. As an active component unit, the 34th was easier to deploy than the reserve component units, which were less trained.


title: 24th Infantry Division (United States)

text: In May 1943, the 24th Infantry Division was alerted for movement to Australia, and it completed the move to Camp Caves, near Rockhampton, on the eastern coast of Australia by 19 September 1943. Once deployed, it began intensive combat training. After training, the division moved to Goodenough Island on 31 January 1944, to prepare for Operation Reckless, the amphibious capture of Hollandia, Netherlands New Guinea (now Jayapura, Papua province, Indonesia).


title: 24th Infantry Division (United States)

text: The 24th landed at Tanahmerah Bay on 22 April 1944 and seized the important Hollandia Airdrome despite torrential rain and marshy terrain. Shortly after the Hollandia landing, the division's 34th Infantry Regiment moved to Biak to reinforce the 41st Infantry Division. The regiment captured Sorido and Borokoe airdromes before returning to the division on Hollandia in July. The 41st and 24th divisions isolated 40,000 Japanese forces south of the landings. Despite resistance from the isolated Japanese forces in the area, the 24th Infantry Division advanced rapidly through the region. In two months, the 24th Division crossed the entirety of New Guinea.


title: 24th Infantry Division (United States)

text: After occupation duty in the Hollandia area, the 24th Division was assigned to X Corps of the Sixth United States Army in preparation for the invasion of the Philippines. On 20 October 1944, the division was paired with the 1st Cavalry Division within X Corps, and the two divisions made an assault landing at Leyte, initially encountering only light resistance. Following a defeat at sea on 26 October, the Japanese launched a large, uncoordinated counteroffensive against the Sixth Army. The 24th Division drove up the Leyte Valley, advanced to Jaro and captured Breakneck Ridge on 12 November 1944, in heavy fighting.


title: 24th Infantry Division (United States)

text: While final clearing operations continued on Leyte, the 24th Division's 19th Infantry Regiment moved to Mindoro Island as part of the Western Visayan Task Force and landed in the San Jose area on 15 December 1944. There, it secured airfields and a patrol base for operations on Luzon. Elements of the 24th Infantry Division effected a landing on Marinduque Island. Other elements supported the 11th Airborne Division drive from Nasugbu to Manila.