title: Certificate signing request

text: Before creating a CSR for an X.509 certificate, the applicant first generates a key pair, keeping the private key secret. The CSR contains information identifying the applicant (such as a distinguished name), the public key chosen by the applicant, and possibly further information. When using the PKCS #10 format, the request must be self-signed using the applicant's private key, which provides proof-of-possession of the private key but limits the use of this format to keys that can be used for signing. The CSR should be accompanied by a proof of origin (i.e., proof of identity of the applicant) that is required by the certificate authority, and the certificate authority may contact the applicant for further information.


title: Certificate signing request

text: Typical information required in a CSR (sample column from sample X.509 certificate). Note that there are often alternatives for the Distinguished Names (DN), the preferred value is listed.


title: Certificate signing request

text: If the request is successful, the certificate authority will send back an identity certificate that has been digitally signed using the private key of the certificate authority.


title: Certificate signing request

text: A certification request in PKCS #10 format consists of three main parts: the certification request information, a signature algorithm identifier, and a digital signature on the certification request information. The first part contains the significant information, including the public key. The signature by the requester prevents an entity from requesting a bogus certificate of someone else's public key. Thus the private key is needed to produce a PKCS #10 CSR, but it is not part of, the CSR.


title: Certificate signing request

text: CSR for personal ID certificates and signing certificates must have the email address of the ID holder or name of organisation in case of business ID.


title: Certificate signing request

text: The first part, ASN.1 type "CertificationRequestInfo", consists of a version number (which is 0 for all known versions, 1.0, 1.5, and 1.7 of the specifications), the subject name, the public key (algorithm identifier + bit string), and a collection of attributes providing additional information about the subject of the certificate. The attributes can contain required certificate extensions, a challenge-password to restrict revocations, as well as any additional information about the subject of the certificate, possibly including local or future types.


title: Certificate signing request

text: The PKCS#10 standard defines a binary format for encoding CSRs for use with X.509. It is expressed in ASN.1. Here is an example of how you can examine its ASN.1 structure using OpenSSL:


title: Certificate signing request

text: The above certificate signing request's ASN.1 structure (as parsed by openssl) appears as the following, where the first number is the byte offset, d=depth, hl=header length of the current type, l=length of content:


title: Certificate signing request

text: This was generated by supplying the base64 encoding into the command codice_1 where PEM stands for Privacy-Enhanced Mail and describes the encoding of the ASN.1 Distinguished Encoding Rules in base64.


title: A Great Day in Harlem (photograph)

text: A Great Day in Harlem or Harlem 1958 is a black-and-white photograph of 57 jazz musicians in Harlem, New York, taken by freelance photographer Art Kane for "Esquire" magazine on August 12, 1958. The musicians gathered at 17 East 126th Street between Fifth and Madison Avenue. "Esquire" published the photo in its January 1959 issue.


title: A Great Day in Harlem (photograph)

text: Count Basie, having grown tired of standing, sat down on the curb, and gradually a dozen children followed. Most of the children were neighborhood residents, although the second child from the right, Taft Jordan, Jr., had accompanied his father, Taft Jordan, to the photo session. The photography crew was already having trouble directing the adults, and the presence of the children added to the chaos: one of the children appearing in the window kept yelling at a sibling on the curb; another kept playing with Basie's hat; Taft Jordan, Jr. had been scuffling with the older child seated to his left. Ultimately, Art Kane realized that any further attempt to organize the proceedings would be futile, and he decided to incorporate the subjects' actions.


title: A Great Day in Harlem (photograph)

text: Willie "The Lion" Smith was sitting out of shot at the time the main picture used by "Esquire" was taken. Ronnie Free, Mose Allison and Charlie Rouse turned up too late for the "Esquire" picture; Dizzy Gillespie took a photograph of them with Mary Lou Williams, Lester Young and Oscar Pettiford.


title: A Great Day in Harlem (photograph)

text: Jean Bach, a radio producer of New York, recounted the story behind the photograph in her 1994 documentary film, "A Great Day in Harlem". The film was nominated in 1995 for an Academy Award for Documentary Feature.


title: A Great Day in Harlem (photograph)

text: Bach described how, upon the film's release, a number of similar photographs employed the "A Great Day in..." theme. Hugh Hefner assembled Hollywood-area musicians for "A Great Day in Hollywood" in conjunction with a sneak preview of "A Great Day in Harlem". Soon after, "A Great Day in Philadelphia" included musicians such as Jimmy Heath, Benny Golson and Ray Bryant. During the filming of "Kansas City" (1996), musicians including Jay McShann posed for "A Great Day in Kansas City". A multi-page supplement in "The Star-Ledger" featured "A Great Day in Jersey", while a Dutch photograph was titled "A Great Day in Haarlem". In 1998, "Great Day in St Paul" was taken by Byron Nelson.


title: A Great Day in Harlem (photograph)

text: The trend spread to other styles of music, with Houston blues musicians posing for "A Great Day in Houston". "A Great Day in Hip Hop" was followed by XXL's "The Greatest Day in Hip Hop". An Atlanta radio station gathered musicians for "A Great Day in Doo-Wop". A New York cellist, inspired by both the original photograph and the film, assembled chamber musicians for "A Great Day in New York". "The New York Post" ran "A Great Day in Spanish Harlem".


title: A Great Day in Harlem (photograph)

text: The photograph was a key plot point in Steven Spielberg's 2004 film "The Terminal". The film starred Tom Hanks as Viktor Navorski, a character who comes to the United States in search of Benny Golson's autograph, with which he can complete his deceased father's collection of autographs from the musicians pictured in the photo. Golson himself made a cameo in the film.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The is a subcompact car produced by the Japanese manufacturer Suzuki in India since September 2015 with a hatchback body style.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: Prior to this, the "Baleno" nameplate had been applied to the Cultus Crescent in numerous markets and also for sedan version of Aerio and SX4 in Indonesia. Unlike the previous generations of Baleno when it was offered as a sedan, wagon, or a 3-door hatchback, the model sold since 2015 is exclusively offered as a 5-door hatchback.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: Since June 2019, it is also marketed at Toyota dealerships in India as the Toyota Glanza, and since September 2020 in several African countries as the Toyota Starlet.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The car was officially unveiled first to the public at the 66th IAA Frankfurt Motor Show on 15 September 2015. It was previewed by the "iK-2" concept car that was first shown at the 85th Geneva Motor Show in March 2015.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The Baleno is built on the new lightweight HEARTECT platform, shared with the smaller Swift and Ignis hatchbacks. Baleno is the first vehicle from Maruti Suzuki to be underpinned with the newly developed platform. It has a luggage volume of 320–355 litres (with or without spare tyre), which can be expanded to 756 litres when the rear seats folded. The total interior volume is 1085 litres (VDA method). The "Liquid Flow" design has drag coefficient of , making Baleno the most streamlined production Suzuki to date. The car has ground clearance between 120 to 170 mm depending on the market to suit the road conditions.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: It is built on a powertrain range of K-series petrol engines: a new three-cylinder 1.0-litre "Boosterjet" turbocharged direct injection engine, a four-cylinder 1.25-litre "Dualjet" dual injector engine, which is also available with mild hybrid "SHVS (Smart Hybrid Vehicle by Suzuki)" technology. There is also 1.2-litre conventional petrol and mild hybrid engines mainly offered for Indian market and a 1.4-litre engine equipped for most regions outside Europe and India. A 1.25-litre Fiat-sourced turbo-diesel engine is also available exclusively for Indian market.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The facelifted Baleno was launched first in India on 28 January 2019. Suzuki redesigned the Baleno’s exterior with remodeled front bumper with new grille design and new 16-inch alloy wheels design with dual-tone colour. The interior also upgraded with a dual-tone black-and-blue colour scheme. The interior noise and ride comfort are also improved.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The facelifted model is not available in Europe, Japan and several other countries, after Suzuki decided to not continue selling Baleno in those markets in 2020 and focused on the more popular Swift.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The Baleno was announced first in Italy in December 2015, but the sales was postponed until April 2016. European market Baleno is powered by 1.0-litre three-cylinder direct injection turbocharged "K10C Boosterjet" petrol engine, generating and a 1.25-litre four-cylinder dual injectors "K12C Dualjet" petrol engine, generating . Mild hybrid variant is also available for the 1.25-litre engine. Due to low sales, the Baleno was discontinued in Europe in 2020.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The Baleno was launched in the UK in June 2016 with two trim levels; SZ-T and SZ5. The cheaper SZ3 trim was added in April 2017. It was discontinued in August 2019 alongside the Celerio city car.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The Baleno was introduced in India on 26 October 2015. Slots above the Swift, the hatchback was built to maximize interior space while retaining Indian GST structure benefit for vehicles with length dimension under 4 meters and powered by either 1200 cc petrol or 1500 cc diesel engine. The Baleno is exclusively sold through Maruti Suzuki’s premium "NEXA" outlets across India. The car is available in four trim levels - Sigma, Delta, Zeta and Alpha.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: There are three engine options for the Indian model: a four-cylinder 1.2-litre "K12M" petrol engine that generates of power and of torque, a four-cylinder 1.25-litre "Multijet/DDiS 190" diesel engine that generates of power and of torque, and a three-cylinder turbocharged 1.0-litre "K10C Boosterjet" engine which is the same engine that is found in the European market Baleno. All the engines get a 5-speed manual as standard, while the "K12M" engine is offered with a CVT option (initially only available for Delta trim, followed by Zeta in April 2016 and Alpha in August 2017). All variants are equipped with dual airbags, ABS and EBD as standard.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: A performance variant for Indian market called Baleno RS ("Road Sport") was launched in March 2017. The Baleno RS was first displayed in India as a concept model at the 2016 Auto Expo, alongside the Ignis. The styling is almost similar to the 2015 "iK-2" concept car. It is powered with a 1.0-litre three-cylinder direct injection "Boosterjet" turbocharged petrol engine, generating and paired with the same 5-speed manual transmission gearbox that was offered in the standard versions of the car. It was also provided with full-black alloy wheels (which was removed in the 2019 upgrade), disc brakes on all wheels (14 inch front and 13 inch rear) and tuned suspension. The Baleno RS was supposed to launch by the end of 2016, but the launches got pushed to the beginning of 2017, due to a lot of pending deliveries for the regular Baleno and the Vitara Brezza and production constraints.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: A new model with a 1.2-litre "K12N Dualjet" dual injector petrol engine with mild hybrid technology which produces was launched in April 2019, It is only available for Delta and Zeta trims and without CVT option.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The Baleno RS was discontinued in January 2020 after Maruti Suzuki decided not to upgrade the 1.0-litre "Boosterjet" engine to meet the Bharat Stage 6 emission standards. Despite positive reviews from critics, the Baleno RS was not well received by the market despite multiple price cuts and readily available units at showrooms as compared to a long waiting period for the regular Baleno.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The Baleno began its sales in Japan on 9 March 2016. Initially, only base model XG with 1.25-litre "K12C Dualjet" four-cylinder petrol engine was available, followed by the more expensive XT with 1.0-litre "K10C Boosterjet" three-cylinder turbocharged petrol engine in May. In November 2016, the middle trim called XS was added with 1.25-litre engine and XG trim was axed later in December.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: To gain wider range of customers, the 1.0-litre turbocharged engine was reworked to be able to run with regular petrol octane (89–94 RON) in May 2018. This changes made the engine power and torque dropped from and to and .


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The hatchback was launched in the country on 10 August 2017 at the 25th Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show. The Indonesian market Baleno is based on the Indian Baleno RS to suit the local preference. Instead of positioned above the Swift like in other markets, the car is marketed as the successor to second-generation Swift and positioned above the smaller 1.2-litre Ignis. It is offered in sole GL trim level with a 1.4-litre four-cylinder petrol engine inherited from the Swift, generating and of torque, paired with either 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic transmission. The Indonesian market Baleno received its facelift on 20 December 2019, once again based on the facelifted Baleno RS.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The hatchback was launched for Taiwanese market in March 2017. It is only available in sole unnamed trim, powered with a 1.0-litre "Boosterjet" engine and mated with a 6-speed automatic transmission. The sales was discontinued in October 2020 due to low sales.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The Indian market Baleno Zeta was introduced to the country in August 2016. The hatchback is powered with the same 1.2-litre petrol engine and only paired to a CVT. The facelifted model was introduced in June 2019, which is New Zealand specification Baleno. The hatchback is improved with projector LED headlights, 1.0-litre turbocharged engine, 6-speed automatic transmission, rear disc brake, six airbags, cruise control and several new features.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: Colombian market Baleno was introduced to public in November 2016 at the Salón del Automóvil de Bogotá (Bogotá Motor Show), the hatchback is marketed as the Baleno Esteem. It is offered in two trim levels; GL and GLX. Only 1.4-litre engine available and mated either 5-speed manual for both trims or 4-speed automatic transmission for GLX. The GLX trim has six airbags and rear disc brakes.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: In March 2020, the facelifted model arrived in the country and renamed to Baleno Cross. The GLX trim was deleted, leaving GL as the only trim. The car is now marketed with crossover styling with additional accessories such as roof rack, side body moulding, mud guards and new dual tone 16 inch alloy wheels.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The Baleno was launched in Mexico on 4 June 2021. It is offered in two trim; levels GL and GLX. Powered with a 1.4-litre engine, and mated to either 5-speed manual or GLX only 4-speed automatic transmission.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The Baleno was launched in July 2016 with two trim levels; GL with 1.4-litre engine paired with either 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic transmission and GLX with turbocharged 1.0-litre engine paired with 6-speed automatic transmission. In February 2019, the 1.0-litre turbocharged engine was replaced with 1.4-litre engine and 4-speed automatic transmission from GL trim. The "Series II" Baleno arrived in Australia in August 2019. To avoid the global semiconductor shortage, the 2022 model year Baleno (and Suzuki Australia's entire line-up) received new locally supplied 9-inch touch screen infotainment system without satellite navigation feature in October 2021.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: In August 2022, Suzuki Australia introducing a limited edition trim called Shadow Edition. It is based on the GL trim with automatic transmission, black colored bodykits and 16-inch alloy wheels, which only 300 units are available for sale and more expensive than the loaded GLX trim. Despite being the best seller car of Suzuki Australia (second in its segment behind MG3), the car was discontinued in July 2022 and the remaining stocks are available until the end of the year. The next generation Baleno (which is the same car with some improvements) will not coming to the country because it was not engineered to meet the safer ADR85/00 side impact crashes standard.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The Baleno was announced in New Zealand on 27 July 2016. It is available in two trim levels; GLX and LTD. The car is only offered with a 1.4-litre engine and paired with either 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic transmission. A new trim level called RS was launched in June 2017, it comes with 1.0-litre turbocharged engine, 6-speed automatic transmission and rear disc brakes. The RS in New Zealand did not receive the Indian market Baleno RS styling.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The revised Baleno became available in August 2019. The RS trim now comes with LED projector headlights as standard and the deletion of LTD trim. A limited edition based on GLX trim called Baleno SE with additional LED projector headlights and 16 inch alloy wheels from RS plus several exterior accessories was launched in November 2020.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The hatchback was launched to the country in November 2016. It is available in two trim levels; GL and GLX. All models are equipped with 1.4-litre petrol engine, paired with either 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic transmission. The GLX trim received additional features such as LED headlight, six airbags, automatic air conditioning, chrome-finished door handles, leather-wrapped steering wheel and cruise control.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The facelifted model was announced in October 2019. The electronic stability program (ESP) became standard across the range since September 2020.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The facelifted Baleno is sold by Toyota as the Toyota Glanza, which debuted in India on 6 June 2019. The "Glanza" nameplate was previously used for the sports version of the Japanese market P90 series Starlet hatchback. The Glanza is offered in two trim levels - the Glanza G and V based on the Baleno's Zeta and Alpha trims respectively and also powered with the same 1.2-litre "K12M/N" petrol engines. The Glanza is also sold in Africa under the Starlet nameplate and powered with a 1.4-litre petrol engine.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The European market Baleno was crash tested by Euro NCAP in April 2016, receiving three star overall safety rating for the basic version and a four star overall safety rating for the version with the extra "Radar Brake Support" security package. Same result as the Japanese-built Swift, which is also underpinned by the same platform. As standard, it offers six airbags (frontal, side and curtain), ABS with EBD, brake assist, electronic stability program and hill-start assist.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The base model Latin American market Baleno (2 airbags and no ESC) crash test result was announced in October 2021 (similar to Euro NCAP 2014), it has received a very disappointing zero star rating. Compared to the European market Baleno, the test dummies received more fatal injuries on the chest, neck, knees and child occupants.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The second-generation Baleno hatchback was first released in India on 23 February 2022. It is continued to be assembled at Suzuki's plant in Ahmedabad and will be exported to Asia, Africa, Middle East and Latin America.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: Suzuki stated the hatchback as full model change with the marketing name "New Age Baleno", however it uses the previous model's underpinnings with major body shell revisions. The exterior received new body panels, headlights, LED fog lights, taillights, smaller C-pillar window and wheels. For the interior, it comes with redesigned dashboard with a floating 9-inch LCD display, gauge cluster, refreshed steering wheel, plus additional new features such as rear air conditioning vents, fast charging USB ports, head-up display, 360° view camera, Amazon Alexa voice assistant support and improved NVH performance. The handling is also improved with all new suspension, new hydraulic clutch system and bigger front disc brake.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The Baleno continued to be powered by four-cylinder K series petrol engines. Indian market received the same 1.2-litre "K12N Dualjet" petrol engine from the previous model, mated to a 5-speed manual transmission or new 5-speed AMT "AGS" option, replaced the more expensive CVT unit. The export model gets bigger 1.5-litre "K15B" petrol engine replacing the old 1.4-litre "K14B" unit and paired with either 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic from previous generation.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: Maruti Suzuki launched the car in India on 23 February 2022 with the same four trim levels as previous generation; Sigma, Delta, Zeta and Alpha. It is also retained the same 1.2-litre "K12N Dualjet" petrol engine and 5-speed manual transmission, while the CVT option was replaced with the cheaper AMT unit. The Zeta and Alpha trims comes with 6 airbags as standard.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The second-generation Baleno hatchback was also launched together with S-Presso in Indonesia on 11 August 2022 at the 29th Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show with sole unnamed trim as the previous generation. The car is powered by a new 1.5-litre petrol engine and retained the same 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic transmission options. In terms of features, it is similar to Indian market Baleno Zeta which lacked the 360° view camera and 9-inch LCD display (replaced by a smaller 6.8-inch unit).


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: Suzuki South Africa introduced the hatchback in February 2022 and became available later in May. It is comes with two trim levels; GL and GLX.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: The second-generation Baleno-based Glanza was launched on 15 March 2022 with four trim levels: E, S, G and V. Unlike the previous model, the Glanza received differentiated front fascia, alloy wheels, and dual tone black-beige interior colour. The mechanical and equipment levels are identical to the Baleno. The second-generation Glanza is also sold in Africa under the Starlet nameplate since May 2022 and powered with a 1.5-litre petrol engine.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: In 2016, a Baleno was modified by Suzuki Motorsport Italia to compete in "Rally di Roma Capitale" in Italy. The car is powered by a 1.0-litre turbocharged three-cylinder petrol engine and modified to meet R1B class specifications.


title: Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)

text: Toyota Gazoo Racing South Africa modified a Baleno-based Toyota Starlet to participate in 2022 South African National Rally Championship and will be competing in Class NRC1. The locally developed rally car is powered by a 2.0-litre turbocharged four-cylinder petrol engine, which drives all four wheels via a sequential gearbox.


title: Precalculus

text: In mathematics education, precalculus is a course, or a set of courses, that includes algebra and trigonometry at a level which is designed to prepare students for the study of calculus. Schools often distinguish between algebra and trigonometry as two separate parts of the coursework.


title: Precalculus

text: For students to succeed at finding the derivatives and antiderivatives with calculus, they will need facility with algebraic expressions, particularly in modification and transformation of such expressions. Leonhard Euler wrote the first precalculus book in 1748 called "Introductio in analysin infinitorum" (Latin: Introduction to the Analysis of the Infinite), which "was meant as a survey of concepts and methods in analysis and analytic geometry preliminary to the study of differential and integral calculus." He began with the fundamental concepts of variables and functions. His innovation is noted for its use of exponentiation to introduce the transcendental functions. The general logarithm, to an arbitrary positive base, Euler presents as the inverse of an exponential function.


title: Precalculus

text: Then the natural logarithm is obtained by taking as base "the number for which the hyperbolic logarithm is one", sometimes called Euler's number, and written formula_1. This appropriation of the significant number from Gregoire de Saint-Vincent’s calculus suffices to establish the natural logarithm. This part of precalculus prepares the student for integration of the monomial formula_2 in the instance of formula_3.


title: Precalculus

text: Today's precalculus text computes formula_1 as the limit formula_5. An exposition on compound interest in financial mathematics may motivate this limit. Another difference in the modern text is avoidance of complex numbers, except as they may arise as roots of a quadratic equation with a negative discriminant, or in Euler's formula as application of trigonometry. Euler used not only complex numbers but also infinite series in his precalculus. Today's course may cover arithmetic and geometric sequences and series, but not the application by Saint-Vincent to gain his hyperbolic logarithm, which Euler used to finesse his precalculus.


title: Precalculus

text: Precalculus prepares students for calculus somewhat differently from the way that pre-algebra prepares students for algebra. While pre-algebra often has extensive coverage of basic algebraic concepts, precalculus courses might see only small amounts of calculus concepts, if at all, and often involves covering algebraic topics that might not have been given attention in earlier algebra courses. Some precalculus courses might differ with others in terms of content. For example, an honors-level course might spend more time on conic sections, Euclidean vectors, and other topics needed for calculus, used in fields such as medicine or engineering. A college preparatory/regular class might focus on topics used in business-related careers, such as matrices, or power functions.


title: Precalculus

text: A standard course considers functions, function composition, and inverse functions, often in connection with sets and real numbers. In particular, polynomials and rational functions are developed. Algebraic skills are exercised with trigonometric functions and trigonometric identities. The binomial theorem, polar coordinates, parametric equations, and the limits of sequences and series are other common topics of precalculus. Sometimes the mathematical induction method of proof for propositions dependent upon a natural number may be demonstrated, but generally coursework involves exercises rather than theory.


The 2004 American League Championship Series was the Major League Baseball playoff series to decide the American League champion for the 2004 season, and the right to play in the 2004 World Series. A rematch of the 2003 American League Championship Series, it was played between the Boston Red Sox and the New York Yankees, at Fenway Park and the original Yankee Stadium, from October 12 to 20, 2004. The Red Sox became the first (and to date only) team in MLB history to come back from a 0–3 series deficit to win a best-of-seven series. The Red Sox, who had won the AL wild card, defeated the Anaheim Angels in the American League Division Series to reach the ALCS, while the Yankees, who had won the AL East with the best record in the AL, defeated the Minnesota Twins.


title: 2004 American League Championship Series

text: In Game 1, Yankees pitcher Mike Mussina pitched a perfect game through six innings, while the Red Sox recovered from an eight-run deficit to close within one run before the Yankees eventually won. A home run by John Olerud helped the Yankees win Game 2. The Yankees gathered 22 hits in Game 3 on their way to an easy win. The Yankees led Game 4 by one run in the ninth inning, but a steal of second base by Red Sox base runner Dave Roberts and a single by Bill Mueller off Yankees closer Mariano Rivera tied the game. A home run by David Ortiz then won it for the Red Sox in extra innings. Ortiz also won Game 5 with a single in the 14th inning. Curt Schilling pitched seven innings in Game 6 for the Red Sox, during which time his sock became soaked in blood due to an injury in his ankle. Game 7 featured the Red Sox paying back New York for their Game 3 blowout with a dominating performance on the road, anchored by Derek Lowe and bolstered by two Johnny Damon home runs, one a grand slam. David Ortiz was named the Most Valuable Player of the series.


text: The Red Sox remain the only team in MLB history to win a series after being down 3–0. Prior to the 2004 ALCS, no team in MLB had so much as forced a Game 7 under those circumstances - the only team to even do that since 2004 is the Houston Astros who after being down 3-0 went on to lose the 2020 ALCS in seven games to the Tampa Bay Rays. The Red Sox went on to sweep the St. Louis Cardinals in the World Series, winning their first World Series championship in 86 years and ending the Curse of the Bambino.


text: The Red Sox ended their 2003 season in the previous American League Championship Series with a game seven loss to the Yankees, on a walk-off home run by Yankees third baseman Aaron Boone in the bottom of the 11th inning. During the offseason, they traded Casey Fossum, Brandon Lyon, Jorge de la Rosa, and a minor leaguer to the Arizona Diamondbacks for ace starting pitcher Curt Schilling. Manager Grady Little was also fired and replaced with Terry Francona due to poor decisions that Little made during the previous season's playoffs. The Red Sox also signed a closing pitcher, Keith Foulke, to a three-year contract.


text: Going into the all-star break, the Red Sox were seven games behind the Yankees for the division lead with a record of 48–38, but led the wild card. In an attempt to improve the team and solidify a playoff decision and in anticipation for a showdown against the New York Yankees, general manager Theo Epstein traded well-liked shortstop Nomar Garciaparra to the Chicago Cubs in exchange for first baseman Doug Mientkiewicz and shortstop Orlando Cabrera in a four-team deal on the trading deadline (July 31). The team fell behind up to games in the division during the month of August, but managed to come back in September to within two games. However, the Yankees held strong and won the division, finishing three games ahead of the Red Sox. The Red Sox won the AL Wild Card (the best record among three second-place teams) to obtain a spot in the playoffs. Entering the postseason, first baseman Kevin Millar was asked to compare the team with the previous season's team, to which he responded, "I'm pretty sure we're five outs better than last year." It was a reference to the 2003 American League Championship Series, in which the Red Sox held a 5–2 lead over the Yankees with one out in the eighth inning of Game 7, only to blow the lead and lose the series.


text: The Red Sox would sweep the Anaheim Angels in three games, but at a cost. In the first game of the series, Schilling would be hurt by a line drive hit off his foot, leaving the rest of his postseason play in doubt.


text: The 2004 Yankees began the season in Tokyo with a split against the Rays. Playing a much-anticipated game against the Red Sox, the team lost the game 6–2 and 6 out of the first 7 games to their rivals. After falling as many as games behind the Red Sox on April 25, the team would make up the deficit in less than 2 weeks, including an 8-game win streak. By the end of June, they had a commanding game lead in the AL East over the Sox after sweeping them with a dramatic 5–4 walk-off 13-inning victory. After the All-Star break, the Yankees traded José Contreras to the White Sox for Esteban Loaiza. Contreras was signed away from the Red Sox before the 2003 season, but he failed to live up to expectations. With a game lead in the second week of August, the team struggled and watched their lead dwindle to only games on September 3. The team held off the Red Sox to claim the division and set up a playoff rematch with the Twins. The results were pretty much the same, as the Yankees took the Division Series in 4 games, setting up the rematch.


text: The Red Sox and Yankees had met 45 times in the previous two years, with Boston holding a 23–22 lead. The Red Sox held an 11–8 advantage over New York in 2004, but eight of the games were decided in one of the teams' final at-bats. Boston outscored New York, 106–105. and this was the fifth time that the two teams were on the doorstep of a World Series, with the Yankees winning the previous four, in 1949, 1978, 1999, and 2003.


text: The Series was widely anticipated, especially given the outcome of the previous October, when the Yankees beat the Red Sox in seven games when Aaron Boone hit the home run off of Tim Wakefield in the bottom of the 11th inning to send the Yankees to the World Series. Yankees General Manager Brian Cashman said that "the two teams in the American League facing each other in this series are the two best teams, period." Fox commentator Joe Buck said as the series began: "What's hard to believe, it was almost exactly one year ago tonight that Aaron Boone hit that 11th inning home run to beat the Red Sox, yet for some reason it seemed predetermined that we would be right back here a year later for a rematch of sort."


text: Dan Shaughnessy of "The Boston Globe" wrote that "one year after they (Yankees) jousted to the (Sox's) finish in the Bronx last October in an epic seventh game that appeared to take the clash to its zenith they go at it again..." In this series, Alex Rodriguez seemed to answer the Sox' acquisition of Curt Schilling, as the two veteran stars faced each other, "wearing the uniforms of the ancient rivals in an October game..." Yankees pitcher Mike Mussina summed up the build-up: "This is what everyone was hoping for...It's a rematch of last year, with the best two teams in the American League."


text: "The New York Times" said that this was the showdown the Yankees anticipated the entire season, while the Red Sox craved it an entire year. This was the reason why the Red Sox fired Grady Little, traded Nomar Garciaparra, and added Curt Schilling. Outfielder Johnny Damon said of Boone's home run: "If we do advance to the World Series and win, it's a better story that we went through New York. We needed to get back here. This is where a lot of hearts were broken, and we're in a perfect seat to stop the hurting." The Red Sox' Theo Epstein agreed, saying "Now that it's here, we can admit that if we're able to win a World Series and go through New York along the way, it will mean that much more."


text: Initially, Game 4 was scheduled for the afternoon. However, MLB Commissioner Bud Selig had moved the starting time of Game 4 to primetime, due to the rematch, and Fox had a triple-header, first the Seattle Seahawks–New England Patriots game at Gillette Stadium at 1:00 pm ET, then Game 4 of the NLCS between the St. Louis Cardinals and Houston Astros at Minute Maid Park at 4:30 pm ET.


text: Game 1 pitted the Red Sox's star pitcher Curt Schilling against Yankees ace Mike Mussina. Schilling entered the game with a 6–1 postseason career record, but the expected pitchers' duel quickly became a one-sided exhibition. Schilling had sustained a torn tendon sheath in his right ankle during Game 1 of the American League Division Series against the Angels, and proved to be ineffective. In the first, Gary Sheffield doubled with two outs before Hideki Matsui drove him in with a double, then Matsui scored on Bernie Williams's single. In the third, the Yankees loaded the bases with no outs on two singles and a walk before Matsui cleared them with a double. After moving to third on a groundout, Matsui scored on Jorge Posada's sacrifice fly. In the sixth, Kenny Lofton hit a leadoff home run off of knuckleballer Tim Wakefield. Sheffield doubled with two outs before scoring on a single by Matsui, giving him an ALCS record-tying five RBIs in the game.


text: Mussina, meanwhile, retired the game's first 19 Red Sox batters. Mark Bellhorn ended Mussina's bid for a perfect game with a one-out double in the seventh. After David Ortiz singled with two outs, Kevin Millar's double to left scored two runs. Millar moved to third on a passed ball before scoring on Trot Nixon's single. Tanyon Sturtze relieved Mussina and allowed a home run to Jason Varitek that made it 8–5 Yankees. Next inning, Tom Gordon allowed singles to Bill Mueller and Manny Ramirez before Ortiz's two-out triple cut the Yankees lead to 8–7. The Yankees called upon closer Mariano Rivera, who induced a pop out by Kevin Millar to end the inning. In the bottom half, Alex Rodriguez and Sheffield singled off of Mike Timlin before Williams' two-run double made it 10–7 Yankees. The Sox hit two singles in the top of the ninth inning off of Rivera, but the game ended when Bill Mueller grounded into a double play.


text: Game 2 featured Pedro Martínez of the Red Sox facing Yankees pitcher Jon Lieber. Again, the Yankees struck first, as Gary Sheffield drove in Derek Jeter, who walked, in the first inning. The 1–0 score held up for several innings, as Lieber and Martinez put together a classic pitchers' duel.


text: Martinez got himself in and out of trouble through several innings, but, shortly after making his 100th pitch of the night, walked Jorge Posada and allowed a John Olerud home run, giving New York a 3–0 lead.


text: Again, the Red Sox rallied. Trot Nixon singled to lead off the eighth off of Lieber, who was replaced by Tom Gordon. A double by Jason Varitek moved Nixon to third before Orlando Cabrera's RBI groundout closed the gap, 3–1. With two outs and a runner on third, however, the Yankees again turned to Rivera, who struck out Johnny Damon to end the inning. Rivera shut down the Red Sox in the ninth by inducing a groundout by Mark Bellhorn, and, after giving up a double to Manny Ramírez, striking out David Ortiz and Millar, ending the game.


text: With the series moving to Fenway Park, Game 3 was originally scheduled for October 15, but was postponed a day due to rain. The starting pitchers were Kevin Brown for the Yankees and Bronson Arroyo for the Red Sox.


text: As in the first two games, the Yankees began by scoring in the first. Derek Jeter walked and scored from first on a double by Alex Rodríguez. Two batters later, Hideki Matsui hit a home run to right field, giving the Yankees a 3–0 lead. The Red Sox answered in the second inning with a leadoff walk by Jason Varitek and a Trot Nixon home run to right field. A double by Bill Mueller, an infield RBI hit by Johnny Damon (his first hit of the series), and a Derek Jeter error led to two more runs. The Red Sox led for the first time in the series, 4–3.


text: This lead was short-lived, as Alex Rodríguez led off the third inning with a home run over the Green Monster. Gary Sheffield then walked and Hideki Matsui doubled, prompting Bronson Arroyo to be replaced on the mound by Ramiro Mendoza, who immediately allowed a Bernie Williams RBI single and then balked, allowing Matsui to score from third, which gave the Yankees a 6–4 lead. The Red Sox, however, responded in the bottom of the inning, scoring two runs on an Orlando Cabrera bases-loaded double off Yankees reliever Javier Vázquez to tie the game.


text: In the fourth inning, the Yankees took the lead on a three-run home run to left by Gary Sheffield after a walk and hit-by-pitch. After another double by Hideki Matsui, the Red Sox put in pitcher Tim Wakefield, who volunteered to forgo his scheduled Game 4 start in order to preserve Boston's battered bullpen. Wakefield got Bernie Williams to pop out and then intentionally walked Jorge Posada. Rubén Sierra then tripled to score Matsui and Posada, giving the Yankees an 11–6 lead.


text: From that point on the Yankees were in total control, with the New York offense continuing to hit and score runs long into the night. In the fifth, Jeter walked with one-out before back-to-back RBI doubles by Rodriguez and Sheffield made it 13–6 Yankees. In the seventh, Miguel Cairo and Sheffield singled off of Wakefield, who was relieved by Alan Embree. Matsui's single scored a run, Williams's double scored two, and Jorge Posada's double scored another. The Red Sox scored their last runs of the game in the bottom of the inning off of Vazquez on Jason Varitek's two-run home run after a leadoff single. Matsui also hit a two-run home run in the ninth off of Mike Myers.


text: When the game was over, the Yankees had set a team record for postseason runs scored. Rodríguez, Sheffield, and Matsui had prolific hitting nights. Matsui had five hits and five RBIs, tying LCS records. He and Rodríguez both tied the postseason record for runs scored with five. The two teams combined for 37 hits and 20 extra-base hits, both postseason records. At four hours and 20 minutes, the contest was the longest nine-inning postseason game ever played up to that time.


text: Although the final score was 19–8, Dan Shaughnessy of "The Boston Globe" said "nineteen to eight. Why not '19–18'?" He was referring to the Red Sox not having won a World Series since , and demeaning chants of that year echoed at Yankee Stadium.


text: Bob Ryan wrote about the Red Sox in "The Boston Globe": "They are down, 3–0, after last night's 19–8 rout, and, in this sport, that is an official death sentence. Soon it will be over, and we will spend another dreary winter lamenting this and lamenting that."


text: Game 4 featured Yankees pitcher Orlando Hernández, the 1999 ALCS MVP against Boston's Derek Lowe. For the first time in the series, the Yankees did not score in the first inning. However, they eventually did score first. With two outs and nobody on in the third inning, Derek Jeter singled. Alex Rodríguez then hit a two-run home run over the Green Monster. This hit resembled a home run he hit in Game 3, as it also came in the third inning and went out of the park onto Lansdowne Street. This would be followed by the ball being thrown back into the outfield by fans on the Street, Johnny Damon tossing the ball back over the fence, and the ball once again being tossed back before being pocketed by Umpire Joe West.


text: Hernández, who had not pitched in two weeks, cruised through the first four innings giving up just one hit and two walks. In the fifth inning, he pitched himself into a jam, walking two of the first three batters. With two men on and two out, Orlando Cabrera singled to right field, scoring Bill Mueller. Manny Ramírez walked to load the bases, and then David Ortiz hit a single to center field, scoring Cabrera and Johnny Damon and giving the Red Sox a 3–2 lead, only their second lead in the series.


text: The lead lasted less than an inning. Hideki Matsui hit a triple with one out in the sixth, after which Mike Timlin relieved Lowe. Bernie Williams hit an infield single to score Matsui and tie the game 3-3. After Jorge Posada walked, Williams attempted to advance to third on a passed ball but was thrown out by Jason Varitek. However, Rubén Sierra hit another infield single, moving Posada to third. Tony Clark then hit the third infield single of the inning, to score Posada and give the Yankees a 4–3 lead. Miguel Cairo then walked to load the bases for Jeter, but Timlin induced a groundout to escape the inning.


text: Massachusetts native Tanyon Sturtze pitched two scoreless innings in relief of Hernández. Mariano Rivera, the Yankees star closer, entered the game in the eighth for a two-inning save attempt. In the ninth inning, Rivera allowed a lead-off walk to Kevin Millar, which ultimately turned out to be the turning point of the series. Dave Roberts was then chosen to pinch-run for Millar. With the Red Sox down to their final three outs, Rivera checked Roberts at first base several times before throwing a pitch to Bill Mueller.


text: On Rivera's first pitch to Mueller, the speedy Roberts stole second, putting himself in scoring position. Mueller's single (through Rivera and into centerfield) allowed Roberts to score, resulting in Rivera blowing the save and the game going into extra innings, tied at four runs apiece.


text: Both teams threatened for more runs in the 11th inning, but the game remained tied until the bottom of the 12th. Ramírez led off with a single against new pitcher Paul Quantrill, who had relieved Tom Gordon, and Ortiz hit a two-run walk-off home run to right field. Ortiz became the first player with two walk-off homers in the same postseason; his first capped a Red Sox sweep of the Anaheim Angels in the American League Division Series. Red Sox pitcher Curtis Leskanic got the win in relief after being called on to stop the Yankees' 11th inning threat and had pitched the 12th and allowed no runs.


text: Game 5 began at 5:11 pm EDT on Monday, October 18, just 16 hours after Game 4 had ended. Mike Mussina led the Yankees against Boston's Pedro Martínez. The Red Sox drew first blood this time, as David Ortiz drove in a run with an RBI single after two one-out singles and Jason Varitek walked with the bases loaded in the first inning to give Boston a 2–0 lead. Bernie Williams homered in the second inning to close the gap to 2–1, a score which would hold up for several innings.


text: Despite seven strikeouts by Martínez, in the top of the sixth inning, Jorge Posada and Rubén Sierra singled with one out. After Miguel Cairo was hit by a pitch to load the bases, Derek Jeter cleared the bases with a double, giving the Yankees a 4–2 lead. The Red Sox threatened again in the seventh inning but came up empty. For the second straight night, however, the Yankee bullpen could not keep the lead. Ortiz led off the eighth inning with a home run off former Red Sox reliever Tom Gordon, making it a one-run game. Kevin Millar followed with a walk and was again replaced by pinch runner Dave Roberts, who went to third on Trot Nixon's single. Gordon was replaced by Mariano Rivera with the lead still intact, but Jason Varitek's sacrifice fly tied the game. The Yankees threatened in the top of the ninth when former Red Sox player Tony Clark hit a ball to deep right with two outs, but the ball took a hop over the short right-field wall for a ground-rule double, forcing Rubén Sierra to stop at third base, where he was stranded to set up another extra-inning marathon.


text: Each team got its share of base runners in extra innings. Boston's Doug Mientkiewicz doubled in the tenth and moved to third, but did not score. Two Red Sox led off the 11th with singles, but Esteban Loaiza, who had struggled since being acquired by the Yankees mid-season, came in to pitch with one out and got Orlando Cabrera to ground into a double play. Knuckleballer Tim Wakefield came on in relief once again for the Red Sox in the 12th. He allowed a single to Miguel Cairo, who went to second on a Manny Ramírez error, but Cairo was eventually stranded. In the top of the 13th, Red Sox catcher Jason Varitek, who didn't normally catch for Wakefield (backup catcher Doug Mirabelli usually did) and who admitted to being poor at catching knuckleballs, allowed three passed balls, but the Yankees stranded runners on second and third when Sierra struck out. Loaiza pitched well over his first two innings, but, in the bottom of the 14th, Damon and Ramírez walked, bringing up Ortiz with two outs. The previous night's hero did his job again, singling to center on the 10th pitch of the at-bat to bring home Damon and setting off another celebration at Fenway. Ortiz's heroics prompted Fox TV announcer Tim McCarver to gush shortly afterwards, saying, "He didn't do it again, did he? Yes he did." The late inning heroics of Ortiz also gave the Red Sox fans a chance to create their own chant, "Who's your Papi?" (Ortiz being known affectionately as "Big Papi"), in rebuttal to the "Who's your daddy?" chant used by Yankees fans in reference to a quote by Pedro Martínez.


text: The game set the record for longest duration of a postseason game at 5 hours, 49 minutes, a record which was broken the next year by Game 4 of the 2005 National League Division Series between the Houston Astros and Atlanta Braves, which was only one minute longer even though it was 18 innings instead of 14. Both games were eventually passed by Game 2 of the 2014 National League Division Series between the Washington Nationals and the San Francisco Giants which was also 18 innings but significantly longer time-wise, lasting six hours and 23 minutes. This in turn was broken by Game 3 of the 2018 World Series between the Red Sox and the Los Angeles Dodgers, which was also 18 innings but lasted seven hours and 20 minutes.


text: Game 5 of the National League Championship Series began at 8:54 pm EST on the same night and was intended to be the second part of FOX's two-game telecast. However, that game proceeded quickly and, despite starting 3 hours and 43 minutes after ALCS Game 5, ended only 24 minutes after the final pitch of this game.


text: This victory by the Red Sox forced a Game 6. Before this, the 1998 Atlanta Braves and 1999 New York Mets were the only baseball teams ever to be down 0–3 in a seven-game series and force a Game 6, but neither of those teams won that game.


text: Game 6 was held on Tuesday, October 19 at Yankee Stadium. The starting pitchers were Curt Schilling of the Red Sox and Jon Lieber of the Yankees. Schilling pitched with a torn tendon sheath in his right ankle, which was sutured in place in an unprecedented procedure by Red Sox team doctors. The teams played the first few innings scoreless as cold, windy conditions, combined with a light drizzle, kept many hard hit balls in the field of play. Lieber, who had been brilliant in Game 2, was the first of the starters to falter, to the surprise of many given Lieber's Game 2 outing and Schilling's injured state. Lieber surrendered a two-out single to Jason Varitek, driving in Kevin Millar. Then Orlando Cabrera singled to left field and Mark Bellhorn, who had struggled the entire series, drove a line drive into the left field stands. The ball struck a fan in the hands in an attempted catch and dropped back onto the field, after which left field umpire Jim Joyce signaled the ball to be still in play, prompting Boston manager Terry Francona to run onto the field and argue the ruling. The officiating crew huddled and ultimately overruled the call. Bellhorn had a three-run home run, and the Red Sox had a 4–0 lead.


text: Schilling, still injured from the ALDS and Game 1, pitched seven strong innings, allowing only one run on a Bernie Williams home run. To help stabilize the tendon in his ankle, Red Sox doctors had placed three sutures connecting the skin with ligament and deep connective tissue next to the bone, effectively creating a wall of tissue to keep the peroneal tendon from disrupting Schilling's pitching mechanics. Schilling was only forced to field his position once and visibly limped to first base to field the toss from Millar. Nonetheless, the Yankees did not bunt for the duration of Schilling's outing, something Joe Torre later explained as not playing out of the normal character of his team. Torre also admitted that had he known beforehand how bad the injury really was, it might have changed his mind. By the end of his performance, Schilling's white sanitary sock was partially soaked in blood, and he stated later that he was completely exhausted.


text: Bronson Arroyo took the mound for Boston in the eighth and, with one out, allowed a Miguel Cairo double. Derek Jeter singled him in to close the gap to 4–2, leading up to the series' most controversial play. Alex Rodriguez grounded a ball to Arroyo, who picked up the ball and ran to the baseline to tag Rodriguez out, but Rodriguez slapped Arroyo's arm, knocking the ball loose. While the ball rolled down the baseline, Rodríguez went to second and Jeter scored. After another long conversation among the umpires, Rodríguez was called out for interference and Jeter was ordered back to first, thus wiping out the score. The call further incensed the Yankee fans, already irate over the home run call in the fourth. As Torre and Rodríguez continued to frenetically argue with the umpires, many fans began to throw balls and other debris onto the field. Boston manager Terry Francona pulled his players from the field to protect them. After a delay, order was restored, and Arroyo got out of the inning unscathed. In the top of the ninth, after a leadoff single by Jason Varitek, his third hit of the night, off Paul Quantrill (the game 4 loser), the Yankees attempted to turn a double play. However, on a very close play, Orlando Cabrera was called safe at first base. This was the third time in the game that the frustrated New York fan base had a close call go against their team, and they again showered the field with debris. As the Yankees made a pitching change to insert Tanyon Sturtze into the game to relieve Quantrill, home plate umpire Joe West conversed with New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg, MLB security director Kevin Hallinan, and various NYPD officials. Shortly after this, Sturtze was told to stop his warmup, and NYPD officers began streaming out of the dugouts, and took the field in full riot gear. The police remained on the field, near the first and third base walls, for the remainder of the top of the ninth. When the game resumed, Sturtze did get out of the inning, stranding Cabrera. The police vacated the field during the break between innings. Red Sox closer Keith Foulke came in for the bottom of the ninth and allowed Matsui and Sierra to walk, bringing Tony Clark to the plate as the potential pennant-winning run, but Clark struck out swinging on a full count to end the game.


text: Five previous teams had managed to win one game after going down 3–0 in a post-season series. Of these five, two made it to a Game 6. But now the Red Sox, the 26th team in Major League Baseball playoff history to face a 3–0 series deficit, became the first to force a Game Seven.


text: After the game, Schilling proudly wore his shirt with the Red Sox's motto, ""Why Not Us?"" in the locker room and during the press conferences.


text: For inspiration for their ALCS comeback, the Red Sox gathered in Yankee Stadium's visitors' clubhouse prior to Game 7 to watch "Miracle", the movie chronicling the 1980 U.S. men's gold-medal hockey team. The Yankees meanwhile, had Bucky Dent, the hero of the Yankees' one-game playoff against Boston in 1978, throw out the ceremonial first pitch.


text: Game 7 began at 8:30 p.m. The starting pitchers were Derek Lowe for the Red Sox and Kevin Brown for the Yankees. Johnny Damon led off the game with a single to left and stolen base, but was thrown out at home trying to score on a Manny Ramirez base hit. The very next pitch, however, was lined into the right-field bleachers by David Ortiz to give Boston a 2–0 advantage. After the Yankees went down in order in the first inning, Brown retired Trot Nixon on a groundout to begin the top of the second, but Kevin Millar singled to center field before Brown walked Bill Mueller and Orlando Cabrera to load the bases. Torre then replaced Brown with Javier Vázquez to face Johnny Damon, who hammered his first pitch into the right-field seats for a grand slam to make the score 6–0 Boston. Lowe, meanwhile, on two days rest, pitched six innings, allowing only one run on one hit when Miguel Cairo was hit by a pitch in the third, stole second, and scored on Derek Jeter's single. Vazquez walked Cabrera to lead off the fourth before Damon again homered on his first pitch to make it 8–1 Boston and give him three hits and six RBIs in this game. After walking two batters, Vazquez was relieved by Esteban Loaiza, who allowed a single to Jason Varitek to load the bases before retiring Trot Nixon and Kevin Millar to end the inning. Loaiza then threw three shutout innings, allowing three hits.


text: Pedro Martínez relieved Lowe in the seventh inning, receiving loud chants of "Who's Your Daddy?," which intensified as he gave up a


text: leadoff double to Hideki Matsui, who scored on Bernie Williams's double. After Jorge Posada grounded out, Williams scored on Kenny Lofton's single, but John Olerud struck out and Cairo flew out to end the inning. In the eighth, Mark Bellhorn homered for the second night in a row off of Tom Gordon to make it 9–3 Boston. Next inning, Nixon hit a leadoff single, advanced to second on a Doug Mientkiewicz single, then went to third on a Mueller sacrifice fly before scoring on a sacrifice fly by Cabrera. Mariano Rivera relieved Gordon and retired Damon to end the inning.


text: Mike Timlin pitched a scoreless eighth and started the 9th for the Red Sox, but allowed a leadoff single to Matsui and walked Lofton with two outs. Alan Embree was brought in to finish the game for Boston. At 12:01 am, on October 21, Rubén Sierra hit a groundball to second baseman Pokey Reese, who threw to first baseman Doug Mientkiewicz to finish the unprecedented comeback. It was their first pennant since 1986. The Red Sox won 10–3 and became the third team in sports history and the first since the 1975 NHL's New York Islanders to win a seven-game series after losing the first three games. For the Yankees, this was their first time losing an ALCS in eight appearances (their last ALCS elimination was in 1980). David Ortiz was named the series MVP.


text: A riot broke out near Fenway Park in Boston following the series win, in which Victoria Snelgrove, an Emerson College journalism student, was accidentally shot and killed by police with an FN 303 pepper spray crowd-controlling projectile round.


text: After dominating much of baseball since 1996, this would be the closest that the Joe Torre-led Yankees would get to going back to the World Series. They would not get back until 2009 (by which point Joe Girardi had taken over the manager position) when they beat defending Champion Philadelphia Phillies in six games.


text: The Yankees signed Johnny Damon away from the Red Sox after the 2005 season. In an interview with Jomboy Media in 2021, Damon stated he wanted to stay in Boston, but he believed Red Sox management weren't interested in keeping him due to the emergence of top prospect Jacoby Ellsbury, who scouts compared to Damon. Ironically, Ellsbury would sign with the Yankees as a free agent as well after a long and successful career in Boston.


text: This series is often seen as a turning point of the Yankees–Red Sox rivalry, which up until this point, was almost entirely dominated by the Yankees. From the time the Red Sox's owner Harry Frazee traded Babe Ruth to the Yankees for cash on January 5, 1920, through October 2004, the Yankees were the premier team in baseball, winning a record 26 World Series and 39 pennants in between then. On the other hand, the Red Sox, who were Major League Baseball's most successful franchise until the Ruth trade in 1920, only won a handful of pennants, losing every World Series they played in. However, since 2004, the Red Sox have won four World Series compared to just one Yankees World Series (the Yankees still have superior regular season winning percentage than the Red Sox since 2004). The 2010s was the first ever decade the Yankees franchise did not play in the World Series since the 1910s, and the first in which they did not win a World Series since the 1980s. In the same decade, the Red Sox won a World Series in 2013 and 2018. On their way to a championship in 2018, the Red Sox defeated the Yankees in four games in the American League Division Series, which was the first postseason match-up between the two rivals since the 2004 AL Championship Series.


text: In 2010, ESPN's 30 for 30 featured a documentary named "Four Days in October", which went into depth of the Red Sox's triumph over the Yankees in the 2004 AL Championship Series over the course of 4 days.


text: In 2020, the Houston Astros nearly came back from a 3–0 series deficit, but lost in Game 7 of the AL Championship Series to the Tampa Bay Rays. It was the closest a team in Major League Baseball had come to pulling off this feat since the 2004 Red Sox. In the National Hockey League, the 2010 Philadelphia Flyers became the first NHL team to comeback from a 3–0 deficit since the New York Islanders did it 1975 (they coincidentally beat a team from Boston, the Bruins, in the 2010 Eastern Conference Semifinals to accomplish the feat) en route to the Stanley Cup Finals. Four years later in 2014, the Los Angeles Kings came back from 3–0 in a series with the San Jose Sharks in the Western Conference First Round en route to winning the Stanley Cup. To date, no NBA team has ever come back from a 3-0 postseason deficit.


text: In 2021, the Red Sox and Yankees would once again face off in the postseason, with the Red Sox winning the American League Wild Card Game by a score of 6–2.


Garth Brooks in...the Life of Chris Gaines, also titled Greatest Hits, is an album by American country music artist Garth Brooks, in which Brooks assumes the fictitious persona of Australian rock artist Chris Gaines. Originally, this album was intended to be the soundtrack for a movie called "The Lamb" that would star Brooks as a rock star recalling the different periods of his life. This album was purposely released a year in advance from the scheduled film release date to pique interest in Brooks performing rock instead of country. "The Lamb", however, was never filmed due to financial and management problems.


title: Garth Brooks in...the Life of Chris Gaines

text: The album was released on September 28, 1999. It reached No. 2 on the "Billboard" 200 chart behind Creed's "Human Clay", and also gained Brooks his first and to date only appearance in the top 40 of the US "Billboard" Hot 100, with "Lost in You", which peaked at No. 5. The track "It Don't Matter to the Sun" was later covered in 2005, by Rosie Thomas on her "If Songs Could Be Held" album, and later as a duet between Don Henley and Stevie Nicks on the Target edition of Henley's 2015 album "Cass County". The track "Right Now" samples the chorus of The Youngbloods' 1969 hit "Get Together", while the track "Maybe" was previously recorded by Alison Krauss on her 1999 album "Forget About It".


text: On November 13, 1999, Brooks hosted "Saturday Night Live" as himself but performed the musical number ("Way of the Girl") as Chris Gaines without acknowledging to the audience that they were the same person. The album had disappointing sales compared to Brooks' previous albums, with some citing Brooks' image change of wig and make up, and the album's rock-star concept for this fact.


text: "Garth Brooks in... The Life of Chris Gaines" peaked at No. 2 on the U.S. "Billboard" 200, and peaked at No. 5 on the Canadian Albums Chart. In November 1999, it was Certified 2 x Platinum by the RIAA.


title: Chuck McCann

text: Charles John Thomas McCann (September 2, 1934 – April 8, 2018) was an American actor, comedian, puppeteer, commercial presenter and television host. He was best known for his work in presenting children's television programming and animation, as well as his own program "The Chuck McCann Show" and he also recorded comedy parody style albums.


title: Chuck McCann

text: McCann worked his way up to regional star status by apprenticing on a number of other children's shows, such as "Captain Kangaroo" in the 1960s. The best-selling "The First Family", an early 1960s LP record album which lampooned the newly elected United States President John F. Kennedy and his family, included McCann among its voices.


title: Chuck McCann

text: Until 1975, McCann hosted comedy/variety TV puppet shows in the New York area with Paul Ashley, featuring the Paul Ashley Puppets. Together, they did "The Puppet Hotel" for WNTA-TV, Channel 13; then "Laurel & Hardy & Chuck", "Let's Have Fun", and "The Chuck McCann Show" for WPIX, Channel 11; and finally, "The Chuck McCann Show", "The Great Bombo's Magic Cartoon Circus Lunchtime Show", and "Chuck McCann's Laurel and Hardy Show" for WNEW-TV, Channel 5. In addition, Chuck was the comedy sidekick on WPIX's long-running rock music showcase, "The Clay Cole Show". During this time, McCann appeared at many New York area venues, including Palisades Amusement Park and Freedomland U.S.A., to meet and entertain children. At Freedomland, McCann hosted a yo-yo contest, filmed several Halloween specials, filmed a WPIX Freedomland special with other children's show hosts and appeared with Clay Cole at the park's Moon Bowl entertainment venue that featured celebrity singers and other performers. McCann's ties to Freedomland are featured in the book "Freedomland U.S.A.: The Definitive History" (Theme Park Press, 2019).


title: Chuck McCann

text: By the end of the 1960s, he had appeared in the 1968 film "The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter" and performed regularly on CBS's "The Garry Moore Show".


title: Chuck McCann

text: He began an animation acting career, doing everything from Bob Kane's "Cool McCool" to Sonny the Cuckoo Bird ("I'm cuckoo for Cocoa Puffs" and "Ripe for Rice Krispies!") in commercials for General Mills. He had even been one of the stars of "Turn-On", producer George Schlatter's offshoot of "Laugh-In".


title: Chuck McCann

text: In the 1970s, McCann's life and career shifted west, and he relocated to Los Angeles. He made frequent guest appearances on network television shows including "Little House on the Prairie", "Bonanza", "Columbo", "The Rockford Files" and "The Bob Newhart Show". He appeared in the 1973 made-for-TV movie "The Girl Most Likely to..." and was a regular on Norman Lear's "All That Glitters".


title: Chuck McCann

text: In addition, he co-starred with Bob Denver in CBS's Saturday-morning sitcom "Far Out Space Nuts", which he co-created. The 1970s also brought him fame in a long-running series of commercials for Right Guard antiperspirant: he was the enthusiastic neighbor with the catch phrase "Hi, guy!" who appeared on the other side of a shared medicine cabinet, opposite actor Bill Fiore.


title: Chuck McCann

text: McCann appeared as Wally Stone in Season Two of Starsky and Hutch in an episode named Murder on Stage 17 in which he played an ex-comedian turned murderer. In this episode, McCann's talent as an actor was spotlighted and he was able to portray various characters throughout the episode.


title: Chuck McCann

text: McCann impersonated Oliver Hardy in commercials for various products (teaming with Jim MacGeorge as Stan Laurel), and for a few years, he played the holiday-season recurring role of Kris Kringle on the NBC soap opera "Santa Barbara". In 1965, he and John McCabe were two of the five founding members of the now worldwide society of The Sons of the Desert, an appreciation club for the works of Laurel and Hardy. He had a role in "Kojak" in 1974.


title: Chuck McCann

text: After "The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter", McCann's motion picture career took a turn back into comedy with many supporting roles and a co-starring turn (with Tim Conway) in "They Went That-A-Way & That-A-Way" (1978).


title: Chuck McCann

text: His most notable post-"Hunter" films were "The Projectionist" (1971), "Jennifer on My Mind" (1971), "Linda Lovelace for President" (1975), "Foul Play" (1978), "C.H.O.M.P.S." (1979), "The Comeback Trail" (1982), "" (1986), "Thrashin'" (1986) and "Herbie Rides Again" (1974), where he played Loostgarten, president of Loostgarten Wrecking Company.


title: Chuck McCann

text: He had a supporting role in the 1988 horror film "Cameron's Closet". He had a brief appearance in Mel Brooks' 1993 comedy film "" as a villager and also appeared as an innkeeper in another Brooks production; "" in 1995.


title: Chuck McCann

text: In 1980, McCann and Paul Ashley were reunited for a pair of TV show pilots: "Tiny TV", a satirical/variety puppet series aimed at adults for the cable market, and "LBS Children's Theater", a children's film anthology show where McCann and the Paul Ashley Puppets were to introduce reruns of primetime animated TV specials and theatrical cartoons from Europe. However, Paul Ashley was forced to leave the projects when he proved to be suffering from Alzheimer's disease. "Tiny TV" never reached fruition, but "LBS Children's Theater" was picked up for national syndication in 1983. McCann emceed the series alone because Ashley did not live long enough to see the show, having died on September 3, 1984.


title: Chuck McCann

text: In the 1980s, McCann reprised a number of his best sketches from his New York television days as interstitial material for a two-hour presentation of cartoons on KCOP-TV, Channel 13 in Los Angeles, assisted by Bob Ridgely. McCann also voiced characters for various projects by The Walt Disney Company, such as Dreamfinder in the theme park attraction Journey Into Imagination, and several characters including Duckworth, Burger Beagle and Bouncer Beagle in the 1987 animated series "DuckTales".


title: Chuck McCann

text: In 1989, McCann returned to daily children's television one more time with "Chuck McCann's Funstuff," produced by fellow New York kid show legend Sonny Fox. "Chuck McCann's Funstuff" was seen weekday mornings on KHJ-TV from Monday, September 18, 1989 until Friday, October 13, 1989.


title: Chuck McCann

text: In the 1990s, McCann co-founded and participated in Yarmy's Army, a group of comedians and character actors of his generation who gathered regularly to cheer up Don Adams' brother Dick Yarmy, who was dying of cancer. A group with a massive array of comic talent, its members included Harvey Korman, Shelley Berman, Tim Conway, and many others.


title: Chuck McCann

text: After Yarmy's death, the group stayed together to cheer themselves up since increasing age and health problems made it increasingly more difficult for them to get steady work. In addition to having monthly dinners, they performed in various group-directed shows in select venues around the country.


title: Chuck McCann

text: McCann continued voice work for cartoons, playing Jollo, Bookworm, Bump-On-A-Log, and Woof in 1992's "". One of his best-known voiceover roles was The Thing in the "Fantastic Four" and "Hulk" animated series, as well as the villain Blizzard in another animated adaptation, "Iron Man".


title: Chuck McCann

text: He also played Heff Heffalump, a recurring not-so-villainous character in Disney's "The New Adventures of Winnie The Pooh". He was also the voice of Leatherneck on the second season of "". Throughout the 1990s and into the new millennium, he has been in commercials at Christmas time, he has played Santa Claus for one product or another—and TV/movie gigs ("Sabrina, the Teenage Witch").


title: Chuck McCann

text: In the 2000s, McCann appeared in "They Call Him Sasquatch" (2003) and "Dorf da Bingo King" (with his old pal, Tim Conway). He supplied voices for "The Powerpuff Girls" and "Mickey's Twice Upon a Christmas". He moved into the field of video games, providing voices for "". He made an appearance in "The Aristocrats" (2005), with an animated rendition of a "clean" version of the "dirty" joke that serves as the movie's subject.


title: Chuck McCann

text: In 2006-07 he made appearances on "The Radio Adventures of Dr. Floyd" as Benjamin Franklin and Dr. Floyd's father. He has also made multiple appearances as a judge on "Boston Legal", including the two-hour series finale in December 2008. In 2007, McCann played the villain Dalton Kern on the radio drama "Adventures in Odyssey" and also Navarro and Buck in "Random! Cartoons".


title: Chuck McCann

text: In 2013, McCann voiced Moseph "Moe" Mastro Giovanni on an episode of "Adventure Time", Mayor Grafton on "The Garfield Show", and reprised Duckworth, Bouncer Beagle and Burger Beagle in "DuckTales Remastered". In 2016, he reprised the role of the Amoeba Boys in the 2016 reboot of "The Powerpuff Girls". In 2017, McCann recorded a comedy podcast program, "Trump: The Last Family" with Kevin Sean Michaels, a modern send-up to the best-selling "The First Family" LP of the 1960s.


title: Chuck McCann

text: McCann was born in Brooklyn, New York, to a bandleader/singer father. He was a close friend of Hugh Hefner and a regular at the Playboy Mansion.


title: Chuck McCann

text: McCann died on April 8, 2018 of congestive heart failure in Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles at the age of 83. He was cremated and his remains are in Forest Lawn Memorial Park, at the 'Dawn of Tomorrow' section, 'Columbarium of Tenderness', left-side (southeast wall), Outdoor Garden Niche 6396 (7 rows up from bottom, 5 columns in from left corner).


title: Chuck McCann

text: He is survived by his third wife, Betty Fanning and two daughters from his second marriage. His son Sean, from his first marriage, died in 2009.


title: Base transceiver station

text: A base transceiver station (BTS) is a piece of equipment that facilitates wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and a network. UEs are devices like mobile phones (handsets), WLL phones, computers with wireless Internet connectivity, or antennas mounted on buildings or telecommunication towers.


title: Base transceiver station

text: The network can be that of any of the wireless communication technologies like GSM, CDMA, wireless local loop, Wi-Fi, WiMAX or other wide area network (WAN) technology.


title: Base transceiver station

text: BTS is also referred to as the "node B" (in 3G networks) or, simply, the "base station" (BS). For discussion of the LTE standard the abbreviation "eNB" for evolved node B is widely used, and GNodeB for 5G.


title: Base transceiver station

text: Though the term BTS can be applicable to any of the wireless communication standards, it is generally associated with mobile communication technologies like GSM and CDMA. In this regard, a BTS forms part of the base station subsystem (BSS) developments for system management. It may also have equipment for encrypting and decrypting communications, spectrum filtering tools (band pass filters) and so on. Antennas may also be considered as components of BTS in general sense as they facilitate the functioning of BTS. Typically a BTS will have several transceivers (TRXs) which allow it to serve several different frequencies and different sectors of the cell (in the case of sectorised base stations). A BTS is controlled by a parent base station controller via the base station control function (BCF). The BCF is implemented as a discrete unit or even incorporated in a TRX in compact base stations. The BCF provides an operations and maintenance (O&M) connection to the network management system (NMS), and manages operational states of each TRX, as well as software handling and alarm collection. The basic structure and functions of the BTS remains the same regardless of the wireless technologies.


title: Base transceiver station

text: Directional antennas reduce LoRa (long-range) interference. If not sectorised, the cell will be served by an omnidirectional antenna, which radiates in all directions. A typical structure is the trisector, also known as clover, in which there are three sectors served by separate antennas. Each sector has a separate direction of tracking, typically of 120° with respect to the adjacent ones. Other orientations may be used to suit the local conditions. Bisectored cells are also implemented. These are most often oriented with the antennas serving sectors of 180° separation to one another, but again, local variations do exist.


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: The Razor's Edge is a 1984 American drama film directed and co-written by John Byrum starring Bill Murray, Theresa Russell, Catherine Hicks, Denholm Elliott, Brian Doyle-Murray, and James Keach. The film is an adaptation of W. Somerset Maugham's 1944 novel "The Razor's Edge".


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: This marked Murray's first starring role in a dramatic film, though he did inject some of his dry wit into the script. The book's epigraph is dramatized as advice from the Katha Upanishad: "The path to salvation is narrow and as difficult to walk as a razor's edge."


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: In Illinois in 1917, just before the United States joins World War I, a fair has been planned to raise money to support Gray Maturin and Larry Darrell, who are joining the war in Europe as ambulance drivers. Larry looks forward to returning home to marry his longtime sweetheart Isabel. Larry shares a final night with Isabel watching the fireworks along with Gray, their close friend Sophie, and her husband Bob.


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: At the front, commanding officer Piedmont schools his new men on the harsh reality of war. For example, he has both of them armed, because in spite of it being an ambulance unit and America's neutrality, the enemy can and will kill those helping the Allies. He also destroys the headlights and windows of a fellow ambulance truck because the lights will signal enemies to their unit. Larry adapts quickly, shooting the headlights and windows of his own truck.


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: Larry witnesses the deaths of soldiers and fellow ambulance drivers, and is in constant danger. By the time America is deeply in the war, Larry's unit is down to a few men. During an unexpected encounter with German soldiers, Piedmont is fatally stabbed trying to block a German soldier from shooting a wounded Larry. The war ends not long after, and when Gray and he return to America, Larry suffers survivor's guilt and realizes that his life has changed. His plans to join Gray in working for Gray's father as a stockbroker will not make him happy, so he puts off his engagement to Isabel and travels to Paris in an effort to find meaning in his life. Isabel's uncle, Elliott Templeton, assures her that some time in Paris will help clear Larry's mind and take away any jitters he has about marriage.


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: Instead of following Elliott's suggestions of staying at first-class hotels and wining and dining with the aristocracy, Larry lives a simple life, reading philosophy books in a cheap hotel. He finds work, first as a fish packer, then as a coal miner. After saving the life of a coworker by pushing him out of the way of an out-of-control mine car, he has a conversation about books with the elder miner. The miner discusses a Russian magician's book, lends a copy of the Upanishads, and suggests that Larry travel to India to gain a different perspective.


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: In India, Larry joins a Buddhist monastery. As an exercise, he hikes to the top of a snow-covered mountain and meditates alone. After running out of firewood, he starts to burn books that he brought along. He finds his sense of inner peace. A monk lets him know that his journey is not over, that "the path to salvation is narrow and as difficult to walk as a razor's edge."


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: Returning to Paris, Larry first re-encounters Elliott, who lets him know that many things have changed, notably that Isabel has married Gray. (She had ended her relationship with Larry after a disastrous reunion in Paris not long after he first arrived.) They have had two children. Gray and Isabel were forced to move to Elliot's house in Paris after the Great Depression bankrupted Gray's livelihood. His spirit was also shattered when his father committed suicide after the crash. Larry learns that, while he was gone, Sophie lost both Bob and her child in a car accident and turned to alcohol, opium, and prostitution.


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: Larry immediately attempts to reform Sophie, and after a period of time, they become engaged. Isabel insists that she will buy Sophie a wedding dress as a gift. During their conversation, Isabel admits she still loves Larry and condemns Sophie, labeling her a burden on Larry. She is interrupted by a phone call and leaves Sophie alone with a bottle of liquor.


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: Larry searches for Sophie and finds her at an opium den with her former pimp. After a confrontation, Larry is left bleeding in the street with a black eye, while Sophie stays in the establishment. The next morning, Larry is awakened by two men at the door and brought to the morgue to identify Sophie's body. Her throat had been slashed by a razor. Larry then goes to Elliott's house to try to figure out what went wrong the previous day. Elliott has had a stroke and has been given his last rites. Larry confronts Isabel about what happened and forces her to admit her role in driving Sophie back to the bottle. She tells Larry what she did is no different from Larry ruining their relationship by running off to find the meaning of his "goddammed life", but she admits that she still loves him and did not want anyone (including Sophie) to hurt him the way she, Isabel, had been hurt when Larry left her for the war.


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: Before Larry can respond, they are interrupted by the final moments of Elliott's life. Larry does a good deed for Elliott by convincing him that the Parisian aristocrats have not forgotten about him. (He had been waiting for an invitation to a costume party thrown by a French princess.) After Elliott dies, Larry comforts the grief-stricken Isabel. He admits that his journey was about trying to lead a good life that would make him worthy of Piedmont's sacrifice. Isabel and he part on reasonable terms, and he says his goodbyes to her and to Gray. He states his intention to depart for home, which prompts the question "Where is home?" He replies, "America".


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: According to an interview with director John Byrum published on August 8, 2006 in the "San Francisco Bay Guardian", he had wanted to film an adaptation of Maugham's book in the early 1980s. The director brought a copy of the book to his friend Margaret "Mickey" Kelley, who was in the hospital after giving birth. Byrum remembers getting a call the next day at 4:00 am, "and it was Mickey's husband, Bill [Murray]. He said, 'This is Larry, Larry Darrell.'"


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: Byrum and Murray drove across America while writing the screenplay. What they had written did not resemble the previous film version. Murray included a farewell speech to his recently deceased friend John Belushi in the script; this appears as Larry Darrell's farewell speech to Piedmont, a fellow ambulance driver in World War I.


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: While Murray was attached to the project, Byrum had trouble finding a studio to finance it. At one stage, 20th Century Fox planned to make it. Murray wanted to play the part because "it was a different kind of character, calmer, more self-aware."


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: Dan Aykroyd suggested that Murray could appear in "Ghostbusters" for Columbia Pictures in exchange for the studio's approving to make "The Razor's Edge." Murray agreed and a deal was made with Columbia.


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: For the next year and a half, cast and crew shot on location in France, Switzerland, and India with a $12 million budget. The Indian locations were primarily in the Indian Himalayas. After the last day of principal photography, Murray left to make "Ghostbusters."


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: Executive Producer Rob Cohen said, "It's a timeless story about someone looking for values in this world. It's about a transition. Well, who can make a more extreme transition, somebody like Bill Hurt, who looks pensive to begin with, and will wind up simply a little more spiritual than he was in the first place, or a Bill Murray, who can begin as the class clown, go to war, come back, and having had traumatic experiences, start to question?"


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: The film was a commercial failure, grossing a little more than $6 million, half of its $12 million production budget.


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: Janet Maslin of "The New York Times" called the film "slow, overlong, and ridiculously overproduced," as well as "so disjointed that Mr. Murray, for all his wise-cracking inappropriateness, is all that holds it together." Roger Ebert gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four and judged the movie "flawed," pointing to the hero as "too passive, too contained, too rich in self-irony, to really sweep us along in his quest." He placed the blame on Murray's shoulders, saying he "plays the hero as if fate is a comedian and he is the straight man". Todd McCarthy of "Variety" wrote, "Conceived as a major career departure for comic star Bill Murray, "The Razor's Edge" emerges as a minimally acceptable adaptation of W. Somerset Maugham's superb novel. Tonally inconsistent and structurally awkward, film does develop some dramatic interest in the second half, but inherent power of the material is never realized." Gene Siskel of the "Chicago Tribune" gave the film three stars out of four and remarked that "the movie stands or falls on whether Murray is able to disappear into his character of a young man searching for meaning in life after experiencing the horror of World War I. The feeling here is that Murray successfully meets that challenge by playing his character with both a quick comic tongue and with soulful eyes. His character's sense of humor is vintage Murray; his soulfulness is deep and genuine." Patrick Goldstein of the "Los Angeles Times" wrote, "It's possible that moviegoers will find this mystic glider ride to the snowcapped peaks of the Himalayas painfully earnest, especially for a comic of Murray's wise-guy gifts. But Murray, in his first serious role, is anything but miscast. He's perhaps the best thing about this intriguing but stubbornly ineffectual drama that only fitfully revives the dated charm of Maugham's rambling, meditative novel." Paul Attanasio of "The Washington Post" wrote that "this longtime pet project of Murray's will only disappoint his fans," finding the juxtaposition of Murray's comedic sensibility with the 1920s setting "jarringly bizarre" and the supporting cast "uniformly lousy."


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: Since its release, "The Razor's Edge" has developed something of a following, and criticism has softened. Nathan Rabin of "The A.V. Club", reviewing the film in 2007, felt, "If "The Razor's Edge" is ultimately a failure, it's an honest, noble one", and that there were "all manner of minor pleasures to be gleaned along the way."


title: The Razor's Edge (1984 film)

text: As of January 2020, review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a 50% rating based on 16 reviews. Murray stated he deluded himself that there would be major interest in the film as a period piece, while the studio wanted to make a modern movie. Afterwards Murray realized his mistake, but said he still would have found the experience worth it if the film had never been released.


title: Manorama Six Feet Under

text: Manorama Six Feet Under is a 2007 Indian thriller film directed and co-written by Navdeep Singh. The film features Abhay Deol, Raima Sen and Gul Panag in the lead roles. The film released on 21 September 2007. It follows an amateur detective in a small sleepy town from Rajasthan who finds himself caught in a web of lies, deceit and murder. The movie is based on American neo-noir film, "Chinatown" (1974). The makers of "Manorama Six Feet Under" acknowledged the inspiration from the original by playing the sequence where Jack Nicholson's character gets his nose slashed on the main character's (Satyaveer) television.


title: Manorama Six Feet Under

text: The film opens with a narrative about a nondescript town called Lakhot in Rajasthan, India. The narrator is Satyaveer Singh Randhawa, a down-on-his-luck public works engineer. He compares Lakhot – dry, desolate and despondent – to the general downturn in his own life. As he returns to his irritable and nagging wife Nimmi and their young son, we learn that Satyaveer has just been implicated in a small bribery scandal at work. Nimmi broods over how she wishes she had married a richer fellow. Satyaveer, an aspiring writer whose only novel Manorama sank without a trace, laments about how he had once wished to be famous but is now resigned to a banal and unremarkable existence.


title: Manorama Six Feet Under

text: They have an unusual visitor that night. A well dressed, affluent woman presents herself as Mrs. P. P. Rathore, the wife of the Irrigation Minister (and former Maharaja) P. P. Rathore (Kulbhushan Kharbanda). She says she is a big fan of Satyaveer's novel. Captivated by the ingenuity of the detective Raghu, the principal character of the novel, she hopes to secure Satyaveer's assistance in applying the same ingenuity to procure photographic evidence of her husband's affair. She pays him an advance and leaves.


title: Manorama Six Feet Under

text: Satyaveer accepts the job in spite of Nimmi's reproach. He stealthily stakes out Rathore's manor. He spots another woman visiting Rathore. Rathore rebukes the woman and turns her away. Satyaveer snaps a few pictures of this exchange and hands over the roll to Mrs. Rathore. He also confides in his brother-in-law and best friend, the loutish but generally well-meaning local cop Brij Mohan. Brij finds this all very fishy and advises Satyaveer to take Nimmi on a short vacation.


title: Manorama Six Feet Under

text: Strange events happen to Satyaveer. He finds out that the woman who hired him is not Mrs. Rathore; the real Mrs. Late one evening, as Satyaveer returns home after drinks with Brij, he spots the same woman running for her life from people who are out to kill her. She earnestly urges him to remember her real name, Manorama, and that she is 32 years old. The next day's papers report that Manorama committed suicide in connection with her protests against a canal being built through Lakhot. The canal project is sponsored by Rathore.


title: Manorama Six Feet Under

text: He decides to investigate further. He finds out that Manorama was connected with a local children's home and lived with a roommate, Sheetal. The roommate is confused and scared. She refuses to talk with Satyaveer. Satyaveer is later set upon by thugs; they turn out to be the same men who chased Manorama on the night of her death, and they want to find out what she told him that night. Satyaveer tells them what was told to him after getting his two fingers broken and his motorbike is stolen. Satyaveer later uncovers that Manorama's death was an accident; she was hit by a truck as she fled her pursuers.


title: Manorama Six Feet Under

text: Sheetal calls him. She is still scared but somehow warms to him and asks if she can stay with him for a few days. Seeing as Nimmi has returned to Rohtak (her parents’ house) for Diwali, Satyaveer agrees. Sheetal moves in for a little while. Around this time, Satyaveer attends a rally function with Rathore in attendance. He follows Rathore and discovers that Rathore receives regular medication from a doctor for an unknown ailment. He also spots the woman who visited him on the night Satyaveer took the photos.


title: Manorama Six Feet Under

text: He follows the woman and makes contact with her. She lives with the doctor Anil Poddar. She turns out to be Sameera Rathore, the illegitimate daughter of Rathore. She was trying to get Rathore to accept her as a daughter. Satyaveer begins piecing the parts together. However, when Satyaveer visits the doctor, he finds that the doctor and Sameera have both been brutally murdered. There he and Sheetal discuss what to do next and they almost kiss but his wife calls him and he takes her call immediately remembering his marriage. He runs to the children's home where he discovers that Sheetal has actually been dead for around 8–10 days.


title: Manorama Six Feet Under

text: Arriving home, he finds that the woman masquerading as Sheetal is neither surprised nor scared. She blames him for the act she had to up (as Sheetal), and she directs him to meet Rathore. Rathore demands the photos. Satyaveer turns over the photos he had taken. Not surprisingly, Rathore is not the least bit interested in photos of him having an argument with his biological daughter. It turns out that Neetu (the girl pretending to be Sheetal) is a concubine for Rathore. Rathore now openly threatens him and asks that he hand over those photos. Satyaveer returns home. He scans one of the photos he had taken and suddenly finds a clue in it. This clue leads him to what Manorama had said to him on the night she died. The clue was that Manorama from his book died at page 32. He uses the clues to land up in the room of a small hotel in town, where he discovers a shocking set of photos in a packet cached behind the light switchboard.


title: Manorama Six Feet Under

text: Satyaveer returns to confront Rathore. He presents the shocking evidence he has found. Rathore was a pedophile. The children's home was his steady supply of (orphaned) children. The real Sheetal and Manorama, who worked at the orphanage, had realized his wicked activities. They were about to blow his cover and hence he had them silenced. Rathore calmly informs Satyaveer that Satyaveer, smart though he may be, is still a small-town man that may easily be dispensed with. He then has Neetu harass him sexually which makes Satyaveer come out of disgust and he sees the goons dismantling his scooter. Satyaveer then comes back and reveals another fact. The doctor, Anil Potdar and Manorama were siblings. Also, though the doctor knew that Rathore had lung cancer, he kept concealing the fact from him and kept giving him placebos merely to suppress the symptoms of cancer. The doctor and Manorama merely wanted to keep him alive long enough for him to accept Sameera as his daughter and heir. Then, on Rathore's eventual death, the estate would come to Sameera and thus also to the doctor and Manorama. It was now too late since cancer had reached an advanced stage and Rathore had precious little time left to live. Hearing this Rathore's wife laughs with great relief.


title: Manorama Six Feet Under

text: As Satyaveer is walking out, one of the goons, who is asthmatic, starts choking on a peanut, but he continues walking by carefree. He remarks that big fish doesn't always win, small fish does manage to get out and sometimes a bigger fish comes along to take over. He gets away in the pink taxi and reunites with his wife and son at the terminal.


title: Manorama Six Feet Under

text: The film received mostly positive reviews from critics. Raja Sen of Rediff.com gave it 3.5 out of 5 stars calling it "a well-executed thriller". Khalid Mohamed of Hindustan Times gave the film a 3/5 rating calling Abhay Deol "an actor who has matured and radiates intelligence". Times of India gave it a 3/5 rating, calling it "a sparkling gem, off mainstream masala, for the choosy film buff". Rajeev Masand gave the movie 2 out of 5 stars and wrote, "It’s unlikely that Manorama Six Feet Under will appeal to all, mostly because it unfolds at a pace slower than a melting candle. But skillfully directed by debutant Navdeep Singh, the film works as a show reel for the talents of everyone involved."


title: God of Carnage

text: God of Carnage (originally in French Le Dieu du carnage) is a play by Yasmina Reza that was first published in 2008. It is about two sets of parents; the son of one couple has hurt the son of the other couple at a public park. The parents meet to discuss the matter in a civilized manner. However, as the evening goes on, the parents become increasingly childish and the meeting devolves into chaos. Originally written in French, the play was translated into English by translator Christopher Hampton, and has enjoyed acclaim in productions in both London and New York.


title: God of Carnage

text: Before the play begins, two 11-year-old children, Ferdinand Reille and Bruno Vallon (Benjamin and Henry in the Broadway production), get involved in an argument because Bruno refuses to let Ferdinand join his 'gang'. Ferdinand knocks out two of Bruno's teeth with a stick. That night, the parents of both children meet to discuss the matter. Ferdinand's father, Alain (Alan in the Broadway production), is a lawyer who is never off his mobile phone. Ferdinand's mother, Annette is in "wealth management" (her husband's wealth, to be precise), and consistently wears good shoes. Bruno's father, Michel (Michael in the Broadway production), is a self-made wholesaler with an unwell mother. Michel's wife, Véronique (Veronica in the Broadway production), is writing a book about Darfur. As the evening goes on, the meeting degenerates into the four getting into irrational arguments, and their discussion falls into the loaded topics of sexism, racial prejudice and homophobia. One of the central dramatic moments of the play occurs when Annette vomits on stage, all over the coffee table and books.


title: God of Carnage

text: Christopher Hampton's English translation of the play was first presented in a UK Premiere at the Gielgud Theatre in London's West End on 25 March 2008. This production was directed by Matthew Warchus and starred Ralph Fiennes, Tamsin Greig, Janet McTeer and Ken Stott. On the opening night of the performance, there was a power failure about an hour into the show. The show therefore had to continue in emergency lighting. The London production was widely acclaimed, receiving the Olivier Award for Best New Play of the year.