title: Interfaith marriage in Judaism

text: Occasionally, a Jew marries a non-Jew who believes in God as understood by Judaism, and who rejects non-Jewish theologies; Jews sometimes call such people Noahides. Steven Greenberg, an Orthodox Rabbi, has made the controversial proposal that, in these cases, the non-Jewish partner be considered a "resident alien" – the biblical description of someone who is not Jewish, but who lives within the Jewish community; according to Jewish tradition, such "resident aliens" share many of the same responsibilities and privileges as the Jewish community in which they reside.


title: Interfaith marriage in Judaism

text: In the early 19th century, in some less modernised regions of the world, exogamy was extremely rare—less than 0.1% of the Jews of Algeria, for example, practiced exogamy. In the early 20th century, even in most Germanic regions of central Europe there were still only a mere 5% of Jews marrying non-Jews. However, the picture was quite different in other locations; the figure was 18% for Berlin, and during the same period, nearly half of all Jews in Australia intermarried.


title: Interfaith marriage in Judaism

text: In more recent times, rates of intermarriage have increased generally; for example, the US National Jewish Population Survey 2000-01 reports that, in the United States of America between 1996 and 2001, nearly half (47%) of Jews who had married during that time period had married non-Jewish partners. The 1990 National Jewish Population Survey reported an intermarriage rate of 52 percent among American Jews. The possibility that this might lead to the gradual dying out of Judaism is regarded by most Jewish leaders, regardless of denomination, as precipitating a crisis. For this reason, as early as the mid 19th century, some senior Jewish leaders denounced intermarriage as a danger to the continued existence of Judaism.


title: Interfaith marriage in Judaism

text: In the United States of America, other causes, such as more people marrying later in life, have combined with intermarriage to cause the Jewish community to decrease dramatically; for every 20 adult Jews, there are now only 17 Jewish children. Some religious conservatives now even speak metaphorically of intermarriage as a "silent holocaust". On the other hand, more tolerant and liberal Jews embrace interfaith marriage as an enriching contribution to a multicultural society. Regardless of attitudes to intermarriage, there is now an increasing effort to reach out to descendants of intermarried parents, each Jewish denomination focusing on those it defines as "Jewish"; secular and non-denominational Jewish organisations have sprung up to bring the descendants of intermarried parents back into the "Jewish" fold.


title: Interfaith marriage in Judaism

text: In some cases, children of a Jewish parent were raised in the non-Jewish parent's religion while maintaining a sense of Jewish ethnicity and identity. An example of such a child is the late Barry Goldwater, who had a Jewish father, but was a lifelong Episcopalian like his mother, though Goldwater rarely referred to himself as Jewish.


title: Interfaith marriage in Judaism

text: In Christian–Jewish relations, interfaith marriage and the associated phenomenon of Jewish assimilation are a matter of concern for both Jewish and Christian leaders. Most mainstream Christian churches accept and may even promote the conversion of Jews. However, a number of Progressive Christian denominations have publicly declared that they will no longer adhere to this practice. These churches embrace dual-covenant theology. Additionally, Jewish counter-missionary and anti-missionary organizations like Outreach Judaism encourage Jews to reject conversion to Christianity, while Messianic Jewish organizations like Jews for Jesus actively work to encourage it.


title: Interfaith marriage in Judaism

text: Most Israeli Jews oppose mixed relationships, particularly those between Jewish women and Muslim men. A 2007 opinion survey found that over half of Israeli Jews believed intermarriage is equivalent to "national treason". In 2005, Ben-Zion Gopstein, a disciple of the ultra-nationalist Meir Kahane, founded the anti-miscegenation organisation Lehava. The group's name is an acronym for “To Prevent Assimilation in the Holy Land”. A group of Jewish "Lehava" men started patrolling the Jerusalem neighborhood of Pisgat Ze'ev in an effort to stop Jewish women from dating Arab men. The municipality of Petah Tikva has also announced an initiative to prevent interfaith relationships, providing a telephone hotline for friends and family to "inform" on Jewish girls who date Arab men as well as psychologists to provide counselling. The city of Kiryat Gat launched a school programme in schools to warn Jewish girls against dating local Bedouin men. In November 2019, Lehava leader Gopstein was indicted on charges of incitement to terrorism, violence, and racism.


title: Interfaith marriage in Judaism

text: Interfaith marriages and dating are extremely rare in Israel, reaching way below 0.5 of the population.


title: BM (rapper)

text: Matthew Kim (born October 20, 1992), known by his stage name BM or Big Matthew, is a Korean-American rapper, songwriter and composer based in South Korea signed under DSP Media. He is best known for his activities with the South Korean co-ed group Kard. He made his debut as a solo artist on June 9, 2021, with the single "Broken Me".


title: BM (rapper)

text: BM was born in Los Angeles, California on October 20, 1992. BM moved to South Korea in 2011 in order to audition and take part in the first season of the SBS reality competition show "K-pop Star". He entered within the top 50 of the competition, before eventually being eliminated. Due to his then poor Korean language skills, he forgot the lyrics during his audition on several occasions. After "K-pop Star", he was recruited by DSP Media. He was featured in Goo Hara's song "La La La" from her 2015 debut EP "Alohara (Can You Feel It?)" and was her dance partner for the music video and live performances of its lead single "Choco Chip Cookies".


title: BM (rapper)

text: DSP Media first revealed the upcoming debut of its new co-ed group Kard along with its members on December 5, 2016, with a card game-based concept. BM was assigned a role as a "King" card. The group unveiled the first part of its debut project on December 13 with the release of their first single "Oh NaNa", and officially debuted on July 19, 2017, with their first EP "Hola Hola".


title: BM (rapper)

text: In November 2018, BM was featured in the eponymous title track for singer Zsun's album "I'm On My Wave". In the same month, he also uploaded the self-produced track "Better Myself" on SoundCloud.


title: BM (rapper)

text: On December 6, 2018, he made a guest appearance on the JTBC variety show "Shall We Walk Together" in celebration of g.o.d's 20th debut anniversary. He appeared alongside Woosung of Snuper and Heochan of Victon, wherein they visited and walked through the Santiago pilgrimage route for three days as they made their way towards g.o.d's dormitory.


title: BM (rapper)

text: In May 2019, BM has appeared on the magazine cover of Men's Health Korea. He was then confirmed to be joining the lineup for the SBS television series "Law Of The Jungle" on June 6, appearing alongside several acts including Korean entertainer Kim Byung-man, PENTAGON’s Hongseok, Hong Soo Ah, and Nature’s Saebom. The show began airing a week later on June 13.


title: BM (rapper)

text: In September, he received his first major credits as the primary songwriter, composer, and producer for the single "Dumb Litty". The title of the song was derived from usual slang words used by BM when he lived in Los Angeles. BM had previously taken part in producing Kard's music, initially through writing and composing his rap parts.


title: BM (rapper)

text: In 2020, BM was cast in the DIVE Studios variety program "HWAITING!", starring alongside Ashley of Ladies' Code, Jae of Day6, Peniel of BTOB, Jamie Park and Amber Liu. The program first premiered on Facebook Watch on February 12. Since July, BM began hosting the DIVE Studios podcast "Get Real" alongside Peniel of BTOB and Ashley from Ladies' Code. He then featured in the track "Put It On Ya" alongside Korean rapper Nafla as part of Jessi's second EP "Nuna" which was released on July 30. On October 9, he appeared as an intern in the TBS show "Hong Gi-mak Studio".


title: BM (rapper)

text: BM revealed the first teaser image for his debut solo single "Broken Me" through his Instagram account on April 29, 2021. He has stated that the song is a reflection of his internal struggles, sharing about how the track is about "fighting a war" with oneself. On June 30, DSP Media released a documentary video detailing the behind-the-scenes work of BM for his upcoming single album, "The First Statement". BM then collaborated with AleXa when he featured in the music video of her single "Xtra" which was the title track of her album "ReviveR" released on July 1. The following day, BM released his debut single album "The First Statement", with its lead single "13IVI". "The First Statement" is accompanied the deep house-inspired song "Body Movin'" and the Korean-language version of his debut single, "Broken Me", with BM penning the lyrics of all three tracks and also participating in the songwriting and composition for each song.


title: BM (rapper)

text: On August 9, 2022, BM released his second single album "Strangers", with its eponymous lead single. "Strangers" is accompanied the hip hop-inspired song "Bad Intentions", with BM penning the lyrics of all two tracks and also participating in the songwriting and composition for each song.


title: BM (rapper)

text: BM went viral in March 2019 after responding to a fan's question during an Instagram Live regarding his preferred body part in working out, in which he humorously responded by referring to his chest area, eventually sparking a meme known as the "Big Tiddie Committee" after he acknowledged other male idols with a similar physique, such as Monsta X member Shownu, soloist Wonho, NU'EST's Baekho, Seventeen's Mingyu, Pentagon's Hongseok, Stray Kids's Bang Chan, The Rose's Woosung, BTS's RM, among others. After meeting a fan during the Los Angeles stop of Kard's US tour in October 2019 who revealed that she was undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer, BM began selling "Big Tiddie Gang" merchandise through his apparel brand Staydium, with a share of the proceeds going to breast cancer research and awareness. As of April 2020, BM and Staydium have donated $20,533.75 to the Breast Cancer Research Foundation.


title: BM (rapper)

text: Staydium launched another collaboration to raise funds for a non-profit organization in December 2020, the Healers X Staydium collection. Similar to the "Big Tiddie Gang" merchandise, part of the proceeds from this movement will go towards a non-profit organization called #STOMPOUTBULLYING.


title: Biratnagar

text: Biratnagar () is a metropolitan city in Nepal, which serves as the capital of Province No. 1. With a population of 242,548 as per the 2011 census, it is the largest city in the province and also the headquarters of Morang district. As per the preliminary report of 2021 Nepal census, Biratnagar has an estimated city population of 244,750. It is one of the cities of the "Greater Birat Development Area" which incorporates the cities of Biratnagar-Itahari-Gothgau-Biratchowk-Dharan primarily located on the Koshi Highway in Eastern Nepal, with an estimated total urban agglomerated population of 804,300 people living in 159,332 households. Biratnagar is located east of the capital, Kathmandu, and north of the bordering town of Jogbani in the Indian state of Bihar.


title: Biratnagar

text: Biratnagar was declared a metropolitan city on 22 May 2017, a merger with additional wards pushing the total population to over 240,000. It is the sixth most populous city of Nepal after Kathmandu, Pokhara, Bharatpur, Lalitpur and Birgunj, with 244,750 inhabitants living in 45,204 households as per 2021 Nepal census. It is the most densely populated city among all cities out of the Kathmandu Valley.


title: Biratnagar

text: The city is home to the Biratnagar Jute Mills, the first large-scale industry of Nepal. Besides being considered as the industrial capital of Nepal, the city has contributed actively to the Nepalese democracy movement by being the birthplace of five prime ministers of democratic Nepal. The latter claim is also evident from the fact that the first labor strike leading to the anti-Rana movement started from Biratnagar.


title: Biratnagar

text: Modern-day Biratnagar serves as an entry point to eastern Nepal as well as north-eastern India. It is the second Nepalese city, after Janakpur, to have a connection with the Indian Railways and the only city other than Birgunj to operate an integrated check post (ICP) on the Indian border.


title: Biratnagar

text: In 1914, Colonel Jit Bahadur Khatri, the then district governor, laid the foundations of modern Biratnagar by moving the hospital, post office, prison and the customs, land registry, forestry and auditor offices to Gograha Bazaar from Rangeli, the then district capital of Morang.


title: Biratnagar

text: Recorded history of Biratnagar dates back to beginning of the 7th century, when King Mung Mawrong Hang came to prominence in the terai lands of Limbuwan (present-day Sunsari, Morang and Jhapa area). He cleared much of the forest area in present-day Rangeli, east of Biratnagar, and built a town there. He named his Kingdom Morang after his name and rose to power.


title: Biratnagar

text: The old name of Biratnagar was "Gograha Bazaar". The ruins of temples, palaces and ponds are scattered in a vast area to the south of the current city, in Vedhyari, Buddhanagar. The preservation of this heritage has been a major problem citing the encroachment by newcomers into the city.


title: Biratnagar

text: The town was named Biratnagar in 1919 (1976 BS) by Keshar Shamsher Rana after the ruins of a palace, thought to be of King Virat (not proved), and other objects of historical importance were found. Kingdom of Virata mentioned in Mahabharata is however believed to be Viratnagar, located in present-day Rajasthan. King Virata was the king of the Matsya Kingdom, in whose court the Pandavas spent a year in concealment during their exile.According to the Markandey Puran, the famous seven Kirat kingdoms during the Mahabharat time were Aswakut or Kabul, Kulya or Kulu Valley, Matsya or North Bihar Paundra or Bengal, Sumer or Assam, Malak or Mlek or Lohit, Kinner Kirat or Garhwal and Nepal. In those days, the Kirat people were ruling all the lands from Himalayan Mountains to the sea shores of the Bay of Bengal.


title: Biratnagar

text: The name may have been derived to refer to as a huge city.In Nepali, "Birat" () means "Huge" and "Nagar" () means "City".


title: Biratnagar

text: On 4 March 1947, the first anti-Rana movement in Nepal started in Biratnagar at the Biratnagar jute mills under the leadership of Girija Prasad Koirala and B. P. Koirala. This sparked a countrywide anti-Rana demonstration that eventually led to the abolishment of Rana rule in Nepal.


title: Biratnagar

text: The highest temperature ever recorded in Biratnagar was on the 14 April 1992, while the lowest temperature ever recorded was in December 1970 and January 1971.


title: Biratnagar

text: According to 2011 CBS census data, 39% of the population in the city spoke Nepali, 38% Maithili, 5% Urdu, 2% Rajastani, and 15% spoke other languages as their first language.


title: Biratnagar

text: Biratnagar is very diverse city, The largest ethnic group is Madheshi consisting of (Brahmins,Yadavs & Baisyas like Teli,Suri,Haluwai, Rauniyars,Kalwars etc.), who makes 31% of the population. Second largest ethnic groups is Khas consisting (Hill Brahmin, Chhetri, kami, sarki,damai, thakuri, sanyasi/dasnami) makes 30% of the population,similarly Muslim population is (8%). Other groups in Biratnagar includes the Newar (5%), Kewat (4%), Marwari (2%) and others various ethnic groups like Tharus, Rajbanshis,Janjatis, Dalits etc. makes(20%) of the population.


title: Biratnagar

text: Biratnagar is the economic center of eastern Nepal. The first industry of Nepal, the Biratnagar jute mills, was established here. Biratnagar is driven by startup culture. The multi-million business house, Golchha Organisation, has its roots in Biratnagar where it started as a small startup business. Biratnagar is connected to a major custom route with India and has the second largest land port in Nepal.


title: Biratnagar

text: Biratnagar is a hub for explorers of places in eastern Nepal like Ilam, Taplejung, Sankhuwasabha and Panchthar. A number of colorful "haat bazaars" (weekly markets) are held each week in different parts of the town, where farmers from the rural hinterland set up stalls to trade agricultural products, spices and handicrafts. There are several gardens, temples and places of religious importance in Biratnagar. Gopal garden, located near Hathkhola and Hridreyandra Bal Udhhyan near Thulo Mill are two main gardens. Temples have been the jewel of Biratnagar. They are decorated in vibrant ways to make them attractive.


title: Biratnagar

text: Dharan is and Itahari is north of Biratnagar. These places are famous for Taltalaiya, Ocean Park, Gokulam Resort, Dantakali Temple, Pindeshwor Temple, Budha Subba Temple and Panch Kanya. The hill-station of Bhedetar is a local viewpoint. The tea gardens of Ilam are approximately 4 hours' drive away. Another place of interest is the hilly district of Dhankuta with its orange orchards. The Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, popular with bird-watching enthusiasts, is a 90-minute drive from the city. It is home to the endangered wild buffaloes called "Arna" in Nepali. The largest rhododendron forests of Tinjure, Milke and Jaljale can be reached in about 3–4 hours. Treks with views of Mt. Makalu and Kanchenjunga can be started from the small towns of Basantapur or Tumlingtar.


title: Biratnagar

text: The district headquarters of Morang were moved to Biratnagar from Rangeli in 1914 by the then district governor, Colonel Jit Bahadur Khatri. The next governor, Shiva Pratap Shumsher Thapa, further developed the town. Krishna Prasad Koirala was the first major political leader based in Biratnagar. His sons Matrika Prasad Koirala and Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala were the prime ministers of Nepal after the fall of the Rana rule. Since then Biratnagar has been a major contributor to Nepali politics, and is the most politically active city in the country. Girija Prasad Koirala, the younger brother of Matrika and BP Koirala, was elected prime minister on four occasions; from 1991 to 1994, 1998 to 1999, 2000 to 2001, and from 2006 to 2008. He also served as the acting Head of State from January 2007 to July 2008. Man Mohan Adhikari, the first communist prime minister of Nepal was also born in Biratnagar. Leaders like Bharat Mohan Adhikari, Shailaja Acharya, Sushil Koirala, Lal Babu Pandit, Amod Prasad Upadhyay and Mahesh Acharya all hail from this city. The 1973 plane hijack, which was to fund the political revolution, took place at the Biratnagar Airport. The hijack plan, masterminded by Girija Prasad Koirala, was executed by Durga Subedi, Nagendra Dhungel and Basant Bhattarai.


title: Biratnagar

text: Nepali Congress's Nagesh Koirala and CPN UML's Shilpa Nirala Karki are the current Mayor and Deputy Mayor of the metropolitan respectively.


title: Biratnagar

text: Biratnagar is the center of education in eastern Nepal. Home to the Purbanchal University, Biratnagar has a number of colleges and educational institutes including medical and engineering institutes. There are two medical colleges in Biratnagar, the first one to open was Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital and second one was Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital.The medium of teaching is English in all the private schools, colleges and universities whereas Nepali is the medium of instruction in government schools up to secondary level. There are more than 80 schools, over 20 colleges and 21 hospitals in Biratnagar, the most after Kathmandu.


title: Biratnagar

text: Biratnagar has been the ground for many prominent literary personalities like, Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala, Tarini Prasad Koirala, Dev Kumari Thapa, Bal Krishna Pokharel, Parashu Pradhan, Krishna Bhooshan Bal, Suman Pokhrel, Bhola Rijal, Bhuwan Dhungana and others. Some of the prominent books in Nepali literature have emerged from Biratnagar. Landmark books in Nepali poetry, "Bholi Basne Bihan" by Krishna Bhooshan Bal and "Jeevanko Chheubaata" by Suman Pokhrel were first published in this city. There is a popular culture of poetry recitation in regular sessions in various locations of Biratnagar.


title: Biratnagar

text: Biratnagar is the birthplace of the theater group, Aarohan Gurukul. The theater group was founded and registered with District Administration Office, Morang here in Biratnagar in 1982. The group has expanded its activities to Kathmandu and aboard. This theatre group has produced dozens of theatrical plays including Agniko Katha and Yajnaseni and has got them performed across the countries. At present day, Aarohan Gurukul is considered as one of the major places of public attraction in Biratnagar.


title: Biratnagar

text: Cricket and association football are the most popular sports in Biratnagar. Biratnagar City F.C. is one of the heart beats of the footballing culture of the city. Sahid Rangsala with a capacity of 10,000+ spectators is the largest football stadium in the city. Sahid Maidan is the home stadium of Morang Football Club. The Mahendra Gold Cup, now Birat Gold Cup, is held in the stadium along with district divisional league matches. There is a covered hall nearby Sahid Maidan where indoor events can be organized. A cricket stadium is being constructed in Baijanathpur on the outskirts of Biratnagar with the objective of organizing local and national-level cricket tournaments. Other facilities in the city include lawn tennis and basketball courts


title: Biratnagar

text: Several local and national daily, weekly and monthly publications are available in the city. Media houses "Kantipur", "Nagarik", and "Aja Ko Samachar Patra" print their publications in Biratnagar and distribute throughout eastern Nepal. Local dailies such as "Udgosh" and "Biratpath" provide daily news and updates on their websites in addition to their print editions. Local daily newspapers published in Biratnagar include:


title: Anpo protests

text: The Anpo protests, also known as the in Japanese, were a series of massive protests throughout Japan from 1959 to 1960, and again in 1970, against the United States–Japan Security Treaty, which is the treaty that allows the United States to maintain military bases on Japanese soil. The name of the protests comes from the Japanese term for "Security Treaty," which is , or just for short.


title: Anpo protests

text: The protests in 1959 and 1960 were staged in opposition to a 1960 revision of the original 1952 Security Treaty, and eventually grew to become the largest popular protests in Japan's modern era. At the climax of the protests in June 1960, hundreds of thousands of protestors surrounded Japan's National Diet building in Tokyo on nearly a daily basis, and large protests took place in other cities and towns all across Japan.


title: Anpo protests

text: On June 15, protestors smashed their way into the Diet compound itself, leading to a violent clash with police in which a female Tokyo University student, Michiko Kanba, was killed. In the aftermath of this incident, a planned visit to Japan by US president Dwight D. Eisenhower was cancelled, and conservative prime minister Nobusuke Kishi was forced to resign.


title: Anpo protests

text: A second round of protests occurred in 1970, at the time of the 1960 treaty's automatic renewal. Although shorter in duration, these later protests also achieved significant size.


title: Anpo protests

text: The original US-Japan Security Treaty had been forced on Japan by the United States as a condition of ending the US military occupation of Japan following the end of World War II. It was signed on September 8, 1951, along with the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty ending World War II in Asia, and went into effect on April 28, 1952, in tandem with the end of the occupation of Japan. The original Security Treaty had no specified end date or means of abrogation, allowed US forces stationed in Japan to be used for any purpose without prior consultation with the Japanese government, had a clause specifically authorizing US troops to put down domestic protests in Japan, and did not commit the United States to defend Japan if Japan were attacked by a third party.


title: Anpo protests

text: The Japanese government began pushing for a revision to the treaty as early as 1952. However, the Eisenhower administration resisted calls for revision until a growing anti-US military base movement in Japan culminated in the Sunagawa Struggle of 1955–1957 and popular outrage in Japan in the aftermath of the Girard Incident in 1957, which made deep dissatisfaction with the status quo more apparent. The United States agreed to a revision, negotiations began in 1958, and the new treaty was signed by Eisenhower and Kishi at a ceremony in Washington D.C. on January 19, 1960.


title: Anpo protests

text: From a Japanese perspective, the new treaty was a significant improvement over the original treaty, committing the United States to defend Japan in an attack, requiring prior consultation with the Japanese government before dispatching US forces based in Japan overseas, removing the clause preauthorizing suppression of domestic disturbances, and specifying an initial 10-year term, after which the treaty could be abrogated by either party with one year's notice.


title: Anpo protests

text: Because the new treaty was better than the old one, Kishi expected it to be ratified in relatively short order. Accordingly, he invited Eisenhower to visit Japan beginning on June 19, 1960, in part to celebrate the newly ratified treaty. If Eisenhower's visit had proceeded as planned, he would have become the first sitting US president to visit Japan.


title: Anpo protests

text: Many on the Japanese left, and even some conservatives on the right, were united in hoping to chart a more neutral course in the Cold War, and thus hoped to get rid of the treaty and the U.S.–Japan Alliance entirely. Therefore, even though the revised treaty was manifestly superior to the original treaty, these groups decided to oppose ratification of the revised treaty.


title: Anpo protests

text: Kishi anticipated that such protests might arise, and in the fall of 1958 attempted to pass a "Police Duties Bill" which would have given police in Japan new powers of warrantless search and seizure in order to target protesters ahead of treaty ratification. However, this proved to be a miscalculation, as the law reminded many in Japan of pre-World War II authoritarianism and provoked widespread popular outrage. A nationwide coalition of political and civic organizations coalesced to oppose the Police Bill, and Kishi was forced to withdraw it.


title: Anpo protests

text: This victory emboldened the protestors, and rather than disbanding, the anti-Police Bill coalition remained active and recruited new member organizations to oppose the revised Security Treaty, which was in the final stages of negotiation. Rebranding itself the People's Council for Preventing Revision of the Security Treaty ("Anpo Jōyaku Kaitei Soshi Kokumin Kaigi") in the spring of 1959, the coalition coordinated a series of "united actions" in which thousands of local "joint struggle councils" around the nation would take part in coordinated protest activity on specified days.


title: Anpo protests

text: Over the rest of 1959 and into 1960, the protest movement continued to gradually grow larger, especially as heightening Cold War tensions inspired fear that the new treaty would lock Japan into one side of a dangerous global conflict. The April 1960 revolution in Korea that forced US-backed strongman Syngman Rhee from power proved an inspiration to Japanese protesters, as it showed that autocratic governments could be defeated by popular protests, even if they had the backing of the United States.


title: Anpo protests

text: Then on May 1, the U-2 Incident shattered the amiable "Spirit of Camp David" that had prevailed between the United States and the Soviet Union since Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev's visit to the United States the previous September. In the aftermath of the incident, the Soviet Union disinvited Eisenhower from his planned visit to the USSR the coming summer and the brief thaw in the Cold War came to an end. It also came to light that some of the U-2 spy planes that were used to surveil the Soviet Union were based at US bases in Japan, further fueling fears that in the case of a nuclear war, Japan might become a target.


title: Anpo protests

text: Meanwhile, in the National Diet the revised treaty faced an arduous path to ratification. Although the opposition Japan Socialist Party (JSP) controlled only about a third of the seats in the Diet, and thus lacked the votes to prevent ratification, the Socialists used a variety of parliamentary tactics to drag out debate, in hopes of preventing ratification before Eisenhower's planned arrival on June 19, and giving the extra-parliamentary protests more time to grow.


title: Anpo protests

text: With Eisenhower's visit approaching, Kishi became increasingly anxious to ratify the treaty in time. Moreover, the Diet session was scheduled to end almost a month earlier, on May 26. Late in the evening on May 19, Kishi took the desperate measure of suddenly and unexpectedly calling for a 50-day extension of the Diet session, in defiance of longstanding parliamentary norms and over the opposition of many members of his own ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). When Socialist Diet members staged a sit-in in the halls of the Diet, Kishi took the unprecedented step of calling 500 police officers into the Diet chambers and having opposition lawmakers physically removed from the premises. Thereafter, with only members of his own party present, he passed the extension of the Diet Session. A final shock came after midnight, just after the extension was approved, when Kishi then called for immediate ratification of the treaty. With only members of Kishi's own party present, the revised Security Treaty was approved by the Lower House of the Diet with no debate and only a voice vote. According to Japanese law, if the Upper House failed to vote on the treaty, which seemed highly likely given the political chaos, the treaty would automatically take effect 30 days later on June 19, just in time for Eisenhower's arrival.


title: Anpo protests

text: Kishi's "anti-democratic" actions during this stunned the nation and even much of his own party. Kishi received criticism from across the political spectrum, with even conservative newspapers calling for his resignation. In late May and into June, the anti-Treaty protests greatly increased in size, as many ordinary citizens took to the streets to express their outrage, and the aims of the protests expanded from protesting the Security Treaty to ousting Kishi and "protecting democracy."


title: Anpo protests

text: Large protests around the National Diet, the US Embassy, and the Prime Minister's Official Residence in Tokyo occurred on a near daily basis, and large-scale protests were staged in city centers all over Japan. In June, the Sōhyō labor federation carried out a series of nationwide general strikes. The June 15 strike involved 6.4 million workers across the country, making it the largest strike in Japan's history.


title: Anpo protests

text: On June 10, Eisenhower's Press Secretary James Hagerty arrived at Tokyo's Haneda Airport to make advance preparations for Eisenhower's impending arrival. Hagerty was picked up in a black car by US Ambassador to Japan Douglas MacArthur II (the nephew of the famous general), who deliberately provoked an international incident by ordering that the car be driven into a large crowd of protesters. The protesters surrounded the car, cracking its windows, smashing its tail lights, and rocking it back and forth for more than an hour while standing on its roof, chanting anti-American slogans and singing protest songs. Ultimately, MacArthur and Hagerty had to be rescued by a US Marines military helicopter, creating indelible imagery of the so-called that was transmitted by newswires around the world.


title: Anpo protests

text: MacArthur had hoped that the image of the car surrounded by protesters would incentivize the Japanese government to crack down harder on the protests. However, his actions backfired by suggesting instead that Eisenhower's safety would be at risk if he continued with his plans to visit Japan.


title: Anpo protests

text: On June 15, as part of the anti-Treaty coalition's 24th united action, hundreds of thousands of protestors marched on the National Diet in Tokyo. In the late afternoon, the protestors were attacked by right-wing ultranationalist counter-protestors, who rammed them with trucks and attacked them with wooden staves spiked with nails, causing dozens of injuries from moderate to severe, including several hospitalizations.


title: Anpo protests

text: Just a few minutes later, radical left-wing activists from the nationwide student federation Zengakuren smashed their way into the Diet compound itself, precipitating a long battle with police, who beat the unarmed students bloody with their batons in front of mass media reporters and television cameras. The police finally succeeded in clearing the Diet compound after 1 a.m., but in the struggle, a young female Tokyo University student and Zengakuren member named Michiko Kanba was killed.


title: Anpo protests

text: After this violent , pressure mounted on Kishi to cancel Eisenhower's visit. Kishi hoped to secure the streets for Eisenhower's visit by calling out the Japan Self Defense Forces and tens of thousands of right-wing thugs that would be provided by his friend, the yakuza-affiliated right-wing "fixer" Yoshio Kodama. However, he was talked out of these extreme measures by his cabinet, and thereafter had no choice but to cancel Eisenhower's visit and take responsibility for the chaos by announcing his own resignation on June 16.


title: Anpo protests

text: On June 17, newspapers across the nation, which had previously supported the protestors in their struggle to oust Kishi, issued a joint editorial condemning violence on both sides and calling for an end to the protest movement. Nevertheless, the largest single day of protests in the entire movement took place on June 18, the day before the treaty would automatically take effect. Hundreds of thousands of protesters surrounded the National Diet, hoping to somehow stop the treaty at the last moment. The protestors remained in place until after midnight, when the treaty automatically took effect.


title: Anpo protests

text: With the treaty in force and Kishi's resignation becoming official on July 15, the protest movement lost momentum. Although the anti-Treaty coalition held a few more "united actions," turnout was low, and the movement died away.


title: Anpo protests

text: The 1960 Anpo protests had ultimately failed to stop the revised US-Japan Security Treaty from taking effect, but they did force the resignation of the Kishi Cabinet and the cancellation of Eisenhower's planned visit. Kishi was succeeded as Prime Minister by Hayato Ikeda, who took a much more conciliatory stance toward the political opposition, indefinitely shelved Kishi's plans to revise the Japanese Constitution, and announced the Income Doubling Plan to redirect the nation's energies away from contentious political struggles and toward a nationwide drive for rapid economic growth.


title: Anpo protests

text: The anti-American aspect of the protests and the humiliating cancellation of Eisenhower's visit brought US-Japan relations to their lowest ebb since the end of World War II. However, the incoming administration of President John F. Kennedy responded by taking a more gentle approach to US-Japan relations. Kennedy appointed sympathetic Japan expert and Harvard University professor Edwin O. Reischauer as ambassador to Japan, rather than a career diplomat. He also invited Ikeda to be the first foreign leader to visit the United States in his term in office, and at their 1961 summit, promised Ikeda he would henceforth treat Japan more like a close ally such as Great Britain.


title: Anpo protests

text: In Japan, the protests spurred a new wave of right-wing activism and violence, including the assassination of Socialist Party chairman Inejirō Asanuma during a televised election debate in the fall of 1960. Asanuma's assassination weakened the JSP, which was further riven by conflicts over the conduct of the anti-Treaty protests, leading to the splitting off of the breakaway Democratic Socialist Party.


title: Anpo protests

text: The Anpo protests also influenced a series of transformations in Japanese art and literature, as disillusionment with the failure of the protests to stop the treaty led more artists and writers to experiment with new types of artistic and literary forms.


title: Anpo protests

text: Japanese students who were in college or graduate school between 1960 and 1970 and protested against the Security Treaty are often remembered as the "Anpo Generation" (安保世代, "Anpo sedai"), suggesting the defining role the anti-Treaty protests had in their lives. However, the protests had a splintering effect on the student movement, as heated disagreements over who was to blame for the failure to stop the treaty led to infighting. In the immediate aftermath of the protests, the previously unified nationwide Zengakuren student federation disintegrated into numerous warring factions, paving the way for the rise of the radical New Left sects that would play a leading role in the 1968-69 Japanese university protests.


title: Anpo protests

text: Throughout the decade of the 1960s, left-wing activists looked forward to the end of the revised treaty's initial 10-year term in 1970 as an opportunity to try to persuade the Japanese government to abrogate the treaty. In 1970, in the wake of the 1968-1969 student riots in Japan, a number of student groups, civic groups, and the anti-Vietnam War organization Beheiren held a series of protest marches against the Security Treaty. However, prime minister Eisaku Satō (who was Kishi's younger brother) opted to ignore the protests completely and allow the treaty to automatically renew.


title: Art horror

text: Art horror or arthouse horror (sometimes called elevated horror) is a sub-genre of both horror films and art-films. It explores and experiments with the artistic uses of horror.


title: Art horror

text: Art-horror films tend to rely on atmosphere building, psychological character development, cinematic style and philosophical themes for effect - rather than straightforward scares.


title: Art horror

text: Art-horror films have been described as "a fascinating byproduct of the collision of art and commerce, of genre convention and personal vision". Historically, the genre was loosely related to J-horror and Italian Giallo. In the 2000s, a movement of transgressive films in France known as "New French Extremity" has been described as an arthouse horror film movement.


title: Art horror

text: Although commentators have suggested some horror films have exemplified qualities applicable to "art horror" for many decades, the term became more widely used during the 2010s, with independent film company A24 credited with popularising the genre. The term "elevated horror" was first used in the early 2010s, and subsequently has been the subject of criticism and debate among film critics as it became more widely used.


title: Last Exile

text: The story is set on the fictional world of Prester, where its inhabitants use aerial vehicles known as vanships as a means of transportation. On this world which is divided in eternal conflict between the nations of Anatoray and Disith, sky couriers Claus Valca and Lavie Head must deliver a girl who holds the key to uniting the two factions. Although Prester itself is not a representation of Earth, it features technology reminiscent of nineteenth century Europe at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution. Many of its designs were also inspired by Germany's technological advances during the interwar period.


title: Last Exile

text: "Last Exile" was well received in North America, and the series was licensed in English by Geneon Entertainment (then Pioneer Entertainment) in June 2003, two months after the first episode aired in Japan. Funimation began licensing the series after Geneon ceased production of its titles, later licensing the sequel series. It was also licensed for English releases in the United Kingdom, originally by ADV Films until its closure in 2009, and is now licensed by Manga Entertainment, and in Australia by Madman Entertainment. In the Arab world, it was licensed by Spacetoon. Other published media included two soundtracks, two manga adaptions, and artbooks.


title: Last Exile

text: "Last Exile" is set on the fictional world of Prester. Prester's two nations of Anatoray and Disith are separated by a turbulent region of the sky known as the Grand Stream and are engaged in conflict according to the code of chivalric warfare. A superior faction known as the Guild enforces these rules. It also provides the two nations with technology but, unknown to them, has dishonorable intentions, to preserve the status quo and enforce its dominance of both sides. Although the story is set in the future, the technology employed differs from that in a typical space opera. Instead, the show's retro-futuristic setting resembles nineteenth-century Europe at the height of the Industrial Revolution. Inhabitants of Prester operate aerial vehicles known as vanships in the world's Golden Age of Aviation; although the technology is primitive, the aerial vehicles use a form of antigravity (developed by the Guild) and lighter-than-air methods of flight rather than the use of wings.


title: Last Exile

text: Various scenes in the series also show existing tension between the upper and lower classes. Anatoray's nobility and military officers generally believe that commoners do not understand their codes of chivalry. On the other hand, the lower class also despise the aristocracy for their monopoly on resources. This tension extends to the accessibility of clean water, which varies in price according to purity grades. In the larger story, the advanced Guild society is portrayed as degenerate and lazy, while the people of Anatoray and Disith are creative and industrious.


title: Last Exile

text: The series introduces viewers to a wide range of naval and military vocabulary. More primitive navigational methods such as dead reckoning and instruments such as the sextant are also used in the series.


title: Last Exile

text: The story revolves around fifteen-year-old pilot Claus Valca and navigator Lavie Head, who fly their vanship as sky couriers in the nation of Anatoray. Although they usually take up missions of relatively low difficulty, they are one day asked to complete the mission of a dying courier. The mission, rated seven stars out of ten, is to deliver a young girl named Alvis Hamilton to the mysterious battleship "Silvana". Despite their fears, Claus and Lavie deliver Alvis to the battleship but decide to remain aboard to keep her safe.


title: Last Exile

text: Claus and Lavie are initially treated as intruders but eventually befriend the crew of the "Silvana". They learn that the Guild intends to capture Alvis for reasons unknown to them. In the first battle between the "Silvana" and Guild forces, Guild member Dio Eraclea takes an interest in Claus's flying skills and his signature move, the Immelmann turn. Wanting to learn more about Claus, Dio willingly allows himself to be captured. He reveals to the "Silvana's" captain, Alex Row, the existence of one of four Mysteria which act as a key to something known as "Exile".


title: Last Exile

text: When the "Silvana"s executive officer, Sophia Forrester, is revealed to be the Emperor's daughter and heir, she returns to Anatoray at the request of the prime minister. Sophia assumes the throne after the Emperor is killed during a surprise attack at the capital by the Disith nation and pleads for an alliance with Disith in order to capture "Exile" and end the Guild's control. Sophia reveals to Claus that Alvis is linked to the Mysteria, but as preparations for the assault are made, Alvis is captured by the Guild.


title: Last Exile

text: Delphine Eraclea, the Maestro of the Guild, reveals that "Exile" is a colony ship used by those who first settled their world, and she intends to use Alvis and the Mysteria to take control of it. However, Claus and Alvis escape the Guild stronghold and are reunited with Lavie when the alliance fleet attacks. As the fleet follows "Exile" past the Grand Stream and enters Disith, it is able to destroy Delphine's forces. After Claus and Alvis recite the four Mysteria, "Exile" reveals itself as a starship that will carry people back to their old home world.


title: Last Exile

text: A manga set right after the events of "Last Exile" and before "Fam, The Silver Wing", "Travelers from the Hourglass" continues the story of Claus, Lavie, Alvis, and the others who left Prester and settled on Earth, their ancestors' home world. As they get used to their new home, Al is pursued by the Earth Guild.


title: Last Exile

text: Taking place two years after the events of "Last Exile", "Last Exile: Fam, The Silver Wing" is set on Earth, the original home world of the colonists of Prester. The new story focuses on Fam Fan Fan and Giselle Collette, two vespa vanship pilots who work as Sky Pirates, capturing and selling battleships for a living.


title: Last Exile

text: Fam and Giselle get into an adventure when they and the Sky Pirates rescue Liliana il Grazioso Merlo Turan and her younger sister, Millia Il Velch Cutrettola Turan, Princesses of the Turan Kingdom, from the clutches of the mighty Ades Federation. The Federation, led by Empress Sārā Augusta and Premier Luscinia Hāfez, is on an all out war against nations who descended from immigrants who came back to Earth by Exile ships. As Ades was the only nation to stay on Earth when it was in a state of chaos and ruin, Luscinia believes that the Exile immigrants have no right to return to Earth since their ancestors abandoned Earth when it was in chaos only to return when Earth was viable to live on again and force the original inhabitants of Earth off their lands to form their own nations. To return these lands to their original inhabitants, Luscinia leads the Ades Federation to conquer the immigrant nations and destroy their armies, with Turan being one of them.


title: Last Exile

text: After Luscinia kidnaps Liliana, who has the ability to control an Exile, Luscinia summons an Exile to destroy Iglasia, the capital of Turan, killing its soldiers and the King of Turan, leading to the surrender of Turan to Ades. With everything she cared for lost, Millia is given refuge by the Sky Pirates, where Fam promises to help Millia regain her kingdom.


title: Last Exile

text: "Last Exile" was created by Gonzo in celebration of the company's 10th anniversary. It featured a production team led by director Koichi Chigira, character designer Range Murata, and production designer Mahiro Maeda. The three had previously worked together to create "Blue Submarine No. 6", one of the first CG anime series.


title: Last Exile

text: Conceptual designs were created by Range Murata, who was given complete freedom to create the setting. He began drawing detailed sketches of machines and everyday objects from a daily newspaper. His research was given no constraints with the exception of production deadlines. Gonzo initially intended for "Last Exile" to be shown in a space setting, but producers did not want the characters to wear sterile space suits. Instead, the final product was described by Jonathan Mays as an "ugly" world of "rusting bolts, lots of blues and grays." Murata believed the design took "the course the story had laid out". His character conceptualization included a great amount of time spent on costume design. Wanting to portray each character's personality more fully, he "tried to draw in the kind of material that would have been used in creating their clothes and try to represent the stitches connecting the fabric." In contrast to crewmembers of the battleship "Silvana" who wear modern and utilitarian uniforms, other characters wear traditionally aristocratic attire. High amount of attention was given to character animation. Animators especially experienced difficulties with Alex Row's hair and flowing cape.


title: Last Exile

text: Production of "Last Exile" relied heavily on 3D computer animation. Of the 350 shots used in the first episode, more than 200 included computer-generated animation. In comparison, Gonzo's previous work "Vandread" used an average of 40 to 50 computer-generated shots per episode. Animation was also supplemented with Victorian era flourishes. In order to combine hand-drawn animation with computer-generated ones, the production team used a technique for non-photorealistic rendering, which could not be used for "Blue Submarine No. 6" because of a stylistic conflict. At the 2003 Anime Expo, Maeda, who also worked with Studio Ghibli's production of "Castle in the Sky", commented that "["Last Exile"] is very advanced in how it will incorporate the two mediums".


title: Last Exile

text: Real-world historical designs were also adapted for the fictional world. Flying battleships of the Anatoray and Disith nations included components of Japanese dreadnoughts in commission at the turn of the twentieth century. Uniform designs for Anatoray's musketeers were based on Napoleon Bonaparte's army and American Civil War soldiers. On the other hand, Soviet Red Army fur coats provided the basis for Disith uniforms. Another inspiration for creators came from a silent film of the airship "Hindenburg", which depicted the aircraft's UFO-like silver-plated design in contrast to the traditional buildings below. This imagery was reproduced in the series.


title: Last Exile

text: Several characters were also named after historical figures. The name of Claus Valca's father was derived from Hamilcar Barca, the leading commander of Carthaginian forces during the First Punic War and father of the talented tactician Hannibal. An Anatoray general was named after Vitellius, who led the Roman Empire for several months during the Year of the Four Emperors.


title: Last Exile

text: "Last Exile" premiered in Japan on April 8, 2003, and aired on TV Tokyo until the airing of its final episode on September 30. A total of 13 DVD compilations were released by Victor Entertainment from July 23, 2003 to July 21, 2004. A complete seven-disc boxed set was released on November 21, 2004. The deluxe edition of this set included a model of Tatiana's and Alister's red vanship, a short story on the fictional Battle of Otranto, unpublished articles on the series, and illustrations by character designer Range Murata.


title: Last Exile

text: After receiving a respectable amount of attention in the United States, Pioneer Entertainment (later Geneon Entertainment) licensed the series in June 2003, two months after the first episode aired in Japan, and the first compilation DVD was released on November 18. TechTV premiered the series in English during its Anime Unleashed programming block on March 8, 2004. The first thirteen episodes aired nightly until March 14, and remaining episodes premiered on December 6 after channel was merged into G4techTV, with new episodes airing each weeknight until the series concluded on December 22. All 26 episodes were also aired in a marathon broadcast on Christmas Day. AZN Television and G4techTV Canada also broadcast the series in 2007. After Geneon ceased distribution of its licensed titles in North America, rights to the series were transferred to Funimation, and a four-disc boxed set was released on May 5, 2009, and again on June 14, 2011, under the "Anime Classics" line.


title: Last Exile

text: ADV Films originally owned the license for the series' English release in the United Kingdom until its parent company's shutdown in 2009. It was then relicensed by Manga Entertainment, while distribution rights in Australia and New Zealand are owned by Madman Entertainment. "Last Exile" is also licensed for regional language release in France, Germany, Sweden, Russia, and Taiwan. It has been hosted at the streaming media website Crunchyroll.


title: Last Exile

text: On February 1, 2011, Gonzo revealed that a new "Last Exile" anime was planned titled "Last Exile -Fam, The Silver Wing-", described as "a new series of "Last Exile" [with] new story, [main] characters, and mechanical designs." Koichi Chigira and Hitomi Kuroishi returned to direct and score the anime, respectively. The series aired in Japan from October 15, 2011 to March 24, 2012 and was also simulcasted on the same day in Asia by Animax Asia, making it the fifth anime to be simulcasted the same time as its Japanese premiere on the channel, after "Tears to Tiara", "", "", and "Maid Sama!". Funimation licensed the series for streaming and home video release and simulcast the series as it aired. A film adaptation of the series, titled "Last Exile -Fam, The Silver Wing-: Over the Wishes", was released in theaters on February 6, 2016. The film recompiles the events of the television series with some newly animated footage.


title: Last Exile

text: Two pieces of theme music were used for the series. "Cloud Age Symphony", performed by Shuntaro Okino, was used as the opening theme for all 26 episodes. It was released by Victor Entertainment as a maxi single on May 21, 2003, and remained on the Oricon music charts for six weeks, where it peaked at 52nd position. Hitomi Kuroishi's "Over The Sky" was used as the ending theme.


title: Last Exile

text: Music trio Dolce Triade, which includes Kuroishi, produced two CD soundtracks for the series. "Last Exile O.S.T." was released by Victor Entertainment on June 21, 2003, and remained on the Oricon music charts for seven weeks, where it peaked at 52nd position. It includes both theme songs and 17 additional instrumental tracks. The second soundtrack, "Last Exile O.S.T. 2" was released on September 3, 2003, and remained on the Oricon music charts for five weeks, where it peaked at 55th position. It includes an alternate version of the ending theme song and 19 additional instrumental tracks. Geneon Entertainment licensed both soundtracks for release in North America. The first soundtrack was released on February 17, 2004, and the second was released on April 13. However, both soundtracks are out of print in North America after Geneon ceased production of its licensed titles in 2007.


title: Last Exile

text: A 136-page art book titled "Last Exile Aerial Log" was published in February 2005 but has since been discontinued. It was published in Japanese and was never translated for English-language release. The book contains detailed character sketches and descriptions as well as technical manuals for aircraft that appeared in the series. It also includes exclusive interviews with members of the production staff.


title: Last Exile

text: There are two manga. The first is a manga adaptation of "Last Exile: Fam, The Silver Wing" written by Gonzo and illustrated by Robo Miyamoto, serialized in Young Ace magazine and published by Kadokawa Shoten. The second, titled , tells what happened to the Claus and his friends after the events of "Last Exile" and before the events of "Last Exile: Fam, The Silver Wing". The manga was written by Gonzo and illustrated by Minoru Murao, one of the original animators of the "Last Exile" anime. "Last Exile – Travelers from the Hourglass" was serialized in Newtype Ace and published by Kadokawa.


title: Last Exile

text: On February 11, 2005, a report on "Anime News Network" mentioned a possible live-action "Last Exile" film. It was based on a blog post by Patrick Macias, writer for "Animerica" and author of several books on Japanese pop culture and anime, which noted that while he was attending the Tokyo International Anime Fair, a Gonzo employee suggested that an unnamed New Line Cinema producer was interested in adapting the series for a live-action production. On July 8, 2009, a concept art image was leaked on the Internet but was removed at the request of filmmakers. However, as of 2013, there has been no new news about the film, suggesting it has been canceled.


title: Last Exile

text: After receiving a respectable amount of attention in the United States, the series was licensed to Pioneer Entertainment (later Geneon Entertainment) in June 2003, only two months after the first episode aired in Japan. It received numerous praises for its artwork and production, placing it as one of Gonzo's best work. By integrating music and sounds of a European theme, the soundtrack contributed to the series' unique flavor. Divers Allen of "Anime News Network" gave it an A, and describes the series as ""Last Exile" is filled with breathtaking scenery, non-stop action and intriguing characters that will keep even the most casual anime fans glued to the edge of their seats. It's a stunning series that leaves viewers craving for more, it continues to shine as a TV series that has the production values of a theatrical animated film. A visual masterpiece with the story to back it up". "Last Exile" has been likened to Hayao Miyazaki's classic work "Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind" and the early steampunk novel trilogy "A Nomad of the Time Streams".


title: Last Exile

text: Enoch Lau of "THEM Anime Reviews" gave the anime series 5 out of 5 stars. Lau praised the series for its great story, outstanding animation and characters. Saying that "Resembling something from Miyazaki more than Gonzo, "Last Exile" looks different. From the faces of the characters down to the stylings of the battleships, it evokes a classic feel but all the while look entirely new. The vanships and battleships are rendered in CG, and so are the myriad of battle effects. However, the art isn't high on detail, and this is evident in the simple designs of the environment and backgrounds". Lau concluded: "The plot is quite solid and intriguing, but is a bit vague through the first half of the series and only begins to explain itself later on. "Last Exile" has one of the most interesting settings that I have come across in recent anime. It's a time of war, and chivalry dictates how the opposing forces battle. But instead of using horses and chariots, they use battleships". When Geneon's compilation DVDs were released, reviewers such as IGN praised them despite the use of Dolby Digital 2.0 audio mix over a 5.1 mix. "The separation is masterfully taken care of with voices, music, and sound effects leveled off very cleanly for both the Japanese and English audio tracks." In an interview with director Koichi Chigira given in July 2004, he was surprised to find that the series had reached a great level of popularity among fans in the United States.


title: Last Exile

text: TechTV vice president Laura Civiello stated that "Last Exile" "had more universal appeal than other types of anime shown on the network, which often contained lots of references recognizable only by hard-core fans." When the series premiered on the network, "The New York Times" recommended it for younger viewers as well with the headline "An Anime Marathon, and It's Not Just for Adults." The network moved its Anime Unleashed programming block into prime time to take advantage of the quality of the series, eventually launching it into a top ten position on the Nielsen VideoScan anime survey in the middle of 2004. Sony Pictures Entertainment selected "Last Exile", "Blood+", "", and "R.O.D the TV" as part its promotional campaign throughout 2007 and 2008 targeting audiences ages 15–35. It streamed the four series throughout Europe, Latin America, and other parts of Asia on Animax and Animax Asia through various 3G mobile phone services.


title: Catra

text: Catra is a fictional character in the toyline, and animated television series, "" (1985–86), which is part of the Masters of the Universe franchise. In the 2018 reboot, "She-Ra and the Princesses of Power", Catra is one of the central antagonists for the first four seasons before becoming an ally to the heroes in its final season.


title: Catra

text: In both animated series, Catra is a Force-Captain of Hordak's Evil Horde, a position previously held by Adora before she defected in the 2018 reboot. In the first series, Catra displays minor sorcery abilities, possessing a magical mask, which when slid over her face gives the ability to transform into a purple panther-like beast, also showing telepathic control over all cats; in the second series she has cat-like features of her own, including a tail, large furry ears, and claws.


title: Catra

text: In the toyline, she is the principal villain. However, the 2018 series portrays her as a far more complex figure, serving as an antagonist before ultimately redeeming herself and becoming Adora's girlfriend.


title: Catra

text: Catra's first appearance in animated media is as one of the Horde captains of Hordak in the 1985 He-Man and She-Ra feature film "The Secret of the Sword". In Filmation's "She-Ra: Princess of Power" cartoon series, Hordak is the leader of the Evil Horde, with Catra as of one of his minions. In early proposals for the show, Catra was the main antagonist, but when the Princess of Power toyline was released, Mattel decided to tie in the Evil Horde characters to "Princess of Power" toyline, to better integrate it with the "Masters of the Universe" franchise.


title: Catra

text: When Adora is reconciled with her twin brother Adam, she leaves the Horde and is replaced by Catra as the Force-Captain. Several times, while serving Hordak, Catra strikes out on her own, showing that she does not need Hordak. This is quite evident when Catra betrays Hordak to Skeletor, in an attempt to overthrow him. Even though there are a few other female villains in The Horde, Catra does not get on that well with any of them, only working with them as a last resort. She appears to have a particularly intense rivalry with fellow female villain Scorpia. Along with the other Horde members, Catra holds an intense hatred for Imp.


title: Catra

text: Catra is in possession of a magical mask, given to her by Hordak, which he stole from the imprisoned Queen of the Magicats. The mask grants her the ability to transform into a large panther by sliding it from her forehead over her eyes. Once in her cat form, she retains the ability to speak and possesses greater strength than her human form. One of the most overlooked details about Catra is that she also possesses the power of teleportation. She only demonstrates this ability on one occasion and it is uncertain where this power originates, although it is assumed that it is another power bestowed by her magical mask. The Magicats also revealed one of the mask's powers to Catra called Freezefire, which generates an energy beam that can encase its target in ice, but Catra lost any knowledge of this power when her mind was wiped. Additionally, the Magicat Percival, states that once the mask has been used for evil, it can no longer be used for good.


title: Catra

text: Catra is also the owner of a pink lion named Clawdeen. Clawdeen only appears once during the series' run. In that episode, she scares the rebels into the Cage-Mines so The Horde can capture them. Bow traps her in one of the Cage-Mines and she is never seen again.


title: Catra

text: In the Ladybird books, Clawdeen is female (despite looking having a mane) and only referred to as a "giant cat". Nonetheless, she can talk and is Catra's mode of transportation. She also appears in the mini-comic "A Born Champion", but has a minor role.


title: Catra

text: In the 2018 series, a teenage Catra was a childhood friend of Adora, raised alongside her by their trainer/mother-figure, Shadow Weaver. Though Adora tried to defend Catra from Shadow Weaver's abuse throughout their childhood, Catra resented Adora for the favoritism shown to her by Shadow Weaver. Furthermore, unlike Adora, Catra is well aware of the Horde's manipulations and accepted it for the sake of her own ambitions and life with Adora. When Adora defects from the Horde, Catra rejects her former friend's attempt to talk her into leaving as well and takes her desertion personally. Stevenson explains: "Catra's feelings of betrayal towards Adora are personal. Adora's more idealistic, and she loves everyone in the world and wants to save everybody. Catra can't understand or accept that. That's the core tragedy, not just of the characters, but of the show." There are also hints of Adora and Catra harboring romantic feelings for each other throughout the series that play into Catra’s abandonment issues.


title: Catra

text: Catra seizes the opportunity to prove herself to the Horde and is quickly promoted to Force Captain by Lord Hordak. Although her plan to capture Adora fails, Catra is able to win the allegiance of the eccentric genius Princess Entrapta, providing the Horde with new technology for an attempted conquest of Etheria. Although that plan fails as well, Catra impresses Hordak enough to replace Shadow Weaver as his second in command.


title: Catra

text: During the second and third seasons, Hordak begins losing faith in Catra due to her arrogance and putting her personal grudges before the Horde's agenda. When Shadow Weaver is due to be exiled, she tricks Catra into providing the means for her to escape. As punishment for her mistake, she is sent on a dangerous mission in the hazardous desert of the Crimson Waste. There she becomes the leader of a local band of bandits, and is tempted to abandon the Horde for her new life in the desert, but when returns to the Horde upon learning that Shadow Weaver has defected to the rebels. Her resentful mindset drives her to willfully endanger Etheria after learning the risk of activating experimental portal, driving her to incapacitate Entrapta and covering her tracks by exiling the princess to Beast Island and lying to Hordak that Entrapta betrayed them.


title: Catra

text: In the fourth season, Catra coerces Hordak into letting her command the Horde's war effort, and hires the shapeshifting mercenary Double Trouble to sow dissent in the Rebellion. But the Horde's victories leave Catra unsatisfied, as her obsession with proving herself drives off her few remaining friends. When Hordak learns the truth of Entrapta's exile from Double Trouble after they were bought by the Rebellion to sabotage the Horde, with Catra immobilizing Hordak when he attacks her. Double Trouble then reveals they switched sides while giving Catra an analysis of her character flaws, causing her to emotionally break down and accept her defeat. At the end of the season, Catra is taken aboard the ship of Horde Prime, Hordak's creator, along with Glimmer, and manages to convince him to refrain from killing Glimmer and destroying Etheria in order to use it as a weapon.


title: Catra

text: At the start of the fifth and final season, Catra—effectively held prisoner on Horde Prime's ship as a “guest”—begins to question and show regret for her past behavior. She tentatively bonds with Glimmer, her fellow “guest”, over their mutual connections with Adora. Catra's fear for Adora's safety leads her to sacrifice herself to help Glimmer escape, resulting in Horde Prime implanting her with a mind-hive chip. Her act of redemption encourages Glimmer, Adora, Bow, and Entrapta to in turn rescue Catra from Horde Prime's clutches. After her rescue, though retaining her cynical and abrasive personality, Catra joins Adora's group and helps them fight to liberate Etheria. In the series finale, Catra accompanies Adora to the Heart of Etheria; it is only after Catra professes her love for Adora that the latter is able to free the magic of Etheria from Horde Prime's clutches.


title: Catra

text: Catra appears in the "Robot Chicken" episode "Slaughterhouse on the Prairie", voiced by Eden Espinosa. She accompanies Scorpia and Entrapta into attacking Castle Bright Moon only to be impaled on Scorpia's tail by She-Ra.


title: Catra

text: Comic Book Resources listed the original incarnation of the character in He-Man: Eternia’s 15 Mightiest Villains. The rebooted incarnation of Catra has been praised as one of the show's most complex and interesting characters.


title: When the Bough Breaks (2016 film)

text: When The Bough Breaks is a 2016 American psychological thriller film directed by Jon Cassar and starring Morris Chestnut, Regina Hall, Theo Rossi and Jaz Sinclair. It was written by Jack Olsen. The screenplay concerns a woman who begins to develop a deadly crush on the husband of the couple she is surrogate mothering for.


title: When the Bough Breaks (2016 film)

text: Filming began on February 2, 2015 in New Orleans. The film was released on September 9, 2016, received generally negative reviews and grossed $30 million.


title: When the Bough Breaks (2016 film)

text: A married couple in their 40s, named John and Laura Taylor (Morris Chestnut and Regina Hall) desperately want to have a baby, but they are unable to have a lasting pregnancy. Laura had already suffered three miscarriages in the past years. After attempting all other options, the couple hire a beautiful young woman named Anna (Jaz Sinclair) who agrees to become a gestational surrogate mother for the Taylors.


title: When the Bough Breaks (2016 film)

text: After Anna has a doctor's appointment, her boyfriend, Mike (Theo Rossi), doesn't pick her up, causing Anna to go to John's job for a ride home. That night, Laura receives an emergency phone call from Anna. John drives to her house seeing the police. It is then revealed that Mike assaulted Anna, leaving her face bloody and bruised. The police suggest Anna find another place to stay, and John offers for her to stay at the couple's house for the time being.


title: When the Bough Breaks (2016 film)

text: Everything seems fine for a while, until Anna starts to develop a fixation on John as the pregnancy moves further along. Anna's growing obsession interferes with what was a plan by her and her boyfriend, Mike, to scam the couple by demanding money. When Mike pushes Anna to demand money, she kills him.


title: When the Bough Breaks (2016 film)

text: Later, at a doctors appointment, John calls Laura trying to get her to the appointment. John and Anna find out that their baby is a boy. Later, at work John gets a call from Anna saying that they should go out for lunch, but he gets annoyed and Anna hangs up on him. John then avoids all calls from Anna. Eventually, he answers and she asks him why he's lying to her about having appointments. Anna walks into his office door and tries to seduce him but his boss enters and John prompts Anna to leave.


title: When the Bough Breaks (2016 film)

text: Anna later reveals her feelings to John and becomes outraged when he says he doesn't feel the same way. John is able to calm Anna down but Anna runs out of the guest house into the main house and picks up a knife. The police arrive and Anna lies and says she and John have sex every night. Laura and John then find out that Anna ordered a drug that will end her pregnancy. Laura and John devise a plan to get their unborn baby back by making John act as if he shares Anna's feelings. John and Anna meet at the aquarium. As Anna thinks she is being played, she walks away. John stops her and kisses her forcefully and asks her to come with him up to the family's lake house.


title: When the Bough Breaks (2016 film)

text: John returns home to Laura the next day. The plans works fine until Anna notices the two embracing each other. Anna leaves John a voicemail claiming the baby's coming. John leaves to go to the hospital while Laura stays home.


title: When the Bough Breaks (2016 film)

text: Anna returns to the Taylor house. She kills the family cat and then hits Laura in the head with a lamp, knocking her out. Anna then goes into labor. While in the hospital they discover that Anna has fled to the family lake-house with the baby. John manages to get the baby but Anna wakes up and a fight breaks out between the two of them. John throws her onto a cabinet which knocks her unconscious. John goes outside and Laura places the baby in the car. When Laura turns on the lights she sees Anna standing in front with a shotgun. Anna shoots at the car and misses but hits the window. Laura runs over Anna with her car, killing her.


title: When the Bough Breaks (2016 film)

text: The next morning, Laura, the baby, and John are sitting inside the lake house. They hear the police arrive and John turns to Laura and says, "It's going to be okay."


title: When the Bough Breaks (2016 film)

text: On October 29, 2014, Sony's Screen Gems hired Jon Cassar to direct "When the Bough Breaks", which Robert Shaye and Michael Lynne were producing. On November 18, 2014, Morris Chestnut and Regina Hall were cast to play the lead roles. On December 16, 2014, Jaz Sinclair signed on to co-star. On January 8, 2015, Theo Rossi was added to the film.


title: When the Bough Breaks (2016 film)

text: Production was first set to begin in late January 2015 in New Orleans, Louisiana. Filming began on February 2, 2015 in New Orleans, and was confirmed by Screen Gems on February 11. Filming was taking place on St. Charles Avenue in early March, and was scheduled to end in mid-March 2015.


title: When the Bough Breaks (2016 film)

text: On March 30, 2015, Screen Gems announced that the film was slated to be released on September 16, 2016. On April 13, 2016, Sony Pictures released the first trailer for the film. In May 2016, the release date was moved up to September 9, 2016.


title: When the Bough Breaks (2016 film)

text: "When the Bough Breaks" was released by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on Blu-ray and DVD on December 27, 2016, with a digital release on December 13, 2016.


title: When the Bough Breaks (2016 film)

text: In the United States, "When the Bough Breaks" was released on September 9, 2016, alongside "The Disappointments Room", "Sully" and "The Wild Life", with the studio projecting it to gross $10–12 million from 2,246 theaters in its opening weekend. Some publications, however, had the film opening to $16–20 million, with some going as high as $25 million. The film grossed $5.3 million on its first day and $14.5 million in its opening weekend, finishing second at the box office.


title: When the Bough Breaks (2016 film)

text: "When the Bough Breaks" was panned by critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 12%, based on 25 reviews, with an average rating of 3.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Shallow, clichéd, and silly instead of suspenseful, "When the Bough Breaks" offers nothing domestic thriller fans haven't already seen before – and done far better." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 28 out of 100, based on reviews from 9 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.


title: When the Bough Breaks (2016 film)

text: Many critics compared "When the Bough Breaks" to made-for-television films typically produced by Lifetime. Neil Genzlinger of "The New York Times" criticized Jon Cassar's direction, suggesting that "Hollywood needs to give the reductive, crazy, sex-obsessed female character a permanent rest."


title: When the Bough Breaks (2016 film)

text: In a review for "Rogerebert.com", Nick Allen criticized the film's premise as "morally tasteless," writing, "Despite the story's initially completely baffling but welcome focus on characters for a change, the movie is baffled by the requirement of motivation, instead wanting to honor ideas of obsession while finding a way to get some dead body insert shots into the mix."


title: Karnak (comics)

text: Karnak is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby and debuted in "Fantastic Four" (vol. 1) #45 (1965) along with other members of the Inhuman Royal Family.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: The character Karnak Mander-Azur was never exposed to the Terrigen Mists, so he never developed additional powers like other Inhumans, but he is a martial artist who can find the weakness in anything and then use his training and strength to exploit it. Although the "Jack Kirby Collector" described him as "a philosophical karate expert with nominal personality" in 2004, subsequent writers have made use of his skill for puzzle-solving and strategic-planning in Inhumans' stories, leading to him being given his first solo series in 2015.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: Karnak made his live-action debut in the 2017 Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) television series "Inhumans", portrayed by Ken Leung.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: Karnak first appeared in "Fantastic Four" #45, and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, as part of their run on the title that helped lay the foundations for the Marvel Universe.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: As a core member of the Inhumans, he has appeared in the group's own series over the years, including the 1998 "Inhumans" twelve-issue limited series by Paul Jenkins and Jae Lee, the "Silent War" mini-series by David Hine and Frazer Irving in 2007, and "Secret Invasion: Inhumans" in the following year.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: Karnak is the narrator of "Inhumanity" #1 (February 2014) because his abilities gave writer Matt Fraction a way to frame the story:


title: Karnak (comics)

text: Although he commits suicide at the end of that issue, he appears in the cliffhanger of "Inhuman" #13 (May 2015) saying he had found a weakness in the afterlife. This allowed writer Charles Soule to bring the character back, and he explained Karnak's importance:


title: Karnak (comics)

text: Karnak will get his first eponymous series as part of the All-New, All-Different Marvel line emerging from 2015's "Secret Wars" storyline and the first issue of his series will feature a monster variant cover of Rommbu from "Tales to Astonish" #19 drawn by Eric Powell. "Karnak" is part of a wider push the Inhumans are getting across Marvel's media output - on television (in "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D."), in film (with the upcoming "Inhumans") and in print (with the A-N, A-DM relaunch including the team books "All-New Inhumans" and "Uncanny Inhumans", alongside the other solo titles "Ms. Marvel" vol. 4 and "Moon Girl and Devil Dinosaur"). Editor-in-Chief Axel Alonso has said that the specific series came about because "Nick Lowe was looking to build the Inhumans line with a solo book or two and suggested Karnak as a character to spotlight. I didn't need to be sold on Karnak, who's far and away my favorite Inhuman". They picked Warren Ellis to write the title because of his earlier stints at Marvel reworking their characters. Ellis, who is joined by Gerardo Zaffino on art duties, described what drew him to the character:


title: Karnak (comics)

text: Karnak is a member of the Inhuman race, one of those who form the Inhuman Royal Family, born on the island of Attilan. Cousin of Black Bolt, king of the Inhumans, Karnak has the ability to find the weak point in any person, plan, or object. Thus, he is usually used as planner by the Inhumans. He also serves as a priest and philosopher to the Inhumans.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: He is the brother of Triton, who endured Terrigenesis before he did. However, Triton's Terrigenesis was so extreme that his parents, Mander and Azur, begged that Karnak not have to endure the procedure. Instead, he was sent to a monastery, where he learned martial arts.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: He is usually attended by his relatives, Gorgon and Triton. He has taken part in most of the Inhumans' adventures, such as the Kree-Skrull War, and the many moves of the Inhuman city of Attilan.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: Karnak and the Royal Family encounter Maximus' creation, the Trikon, and are driven from Attilan's Great Refuge in exile.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: Karnak first appeared as a member of the Inhumans when he attempted to retrieve his cousin and queen, Medusa from the outside world and take her back to Attilan. This led him into conflict with the Fantastic Four, the first humans he met, who were harboring Medusa after rescuing her from the villainous Frightful Four. Accordingly, Karnak is indirectly responsible for revealing the existence of Attilan to the outside world. Karnak battled Maximus alongside the Inhuman Royal Family, and became trapped in Maximus' "negative zone" barrier around the Great Refuge. He was freed from the "negative zone" barrier along with the rest of the Inhumans by the Fantastic Four and left the Great Refuge with the Royal Family to visit the outside world. He teamed with the Thing, Human Torch, and Black Panther against the Psycho-Man. He aided the Inhuman Royal Family in defeating Maximus' next attempt to overthrow the Great Refuge.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: He later assisted Gorgon in freeing Maximus. He journeyed to America to search for the missing Black Bolt. Gorgon battled Magneto and his mutated minions.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: Karnak later battled Blastaar and the Kree Kaptroids. He traveled to New York City, where he battled Kree agent Shatterstar. Karnak was imprisoned by Maximus. He aided in the defeat of Maximus and the Evil Inhumans. Karnak then left Earth with the Inhuman Royal Family to prevent the Kree subjugation of the Inhumans, and battled various aliens. He continued to battle Kree agents, and then returned to Earth. Karnak later accompanied the Inhuman exodus when Attilan was relocated to the Blue Area of Earth's Moon.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: Karnak later battled the Avengers while under Maximus' mind control. He then battled the High Evolutionary's forces during the Evolutionary War. He accompanied Medusa to Earth when she fled Attilan to avoid a compulsory abortion.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: He was later sent to Earth with Gorgon in an attempt to find Black Bolt's missing son with Daredevil's help. There he and his companions fought against Ultron-13 in which Karnak's power allowed him to discover the weak spot in Ultron's neck. Later they became entangled in Mephisto's plot against Daredevil, and were transported to a netherworld where they were personally attacked by the supernatural entity known as Blackheart. Karnak's animosity towards Gorgon was fanned into a rage, causing actual physical violence. Blackheart was soon defeated and the group went their intended ways.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: Karnak aids the New Warriors against the third Star-Thief. Alongside X-Factor, he then battles Apocalypse. He also helps the Avengers battle Thane Ector. Karnak joins an Inhuman strike team to help defeat the confused super-powered Sentry.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: During the "Secret Invasion", Karnak encounters a Skrull in the form of Toros. Karnak engages it and learns that it can copy his powers. Karnak manages to defeat the Toros-Skrull by sending it out the window where it was impaled on a fence.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: Following Attilan's destruction during the "Infinity" storyline, Karnak goes on a rampage in New York at the start of the "Inhumanity" storyline. He is stopped and imprisoned by the Avengers. After warning Medusa to forget what she knows in order to prepare for a coming cataclysm, Karnak commits suicide by leaping out of one of the windows in Avengers Tower. Months pass by and the Terrigen Mists that spread throughout the world during "Inhumanity" have revealed Inhuman hybrids living among humans, dubbed the NuHumans. Medusa reveals their existence to the general public, and NuHumans become integrated into New Attilan society. One NuHuman named Lineage joins Medusa's council, taking Karnak's place. Lineage's power is having the knowledge of all his ancestors. Lineage plans to use the Inhuman genome to destroy humanity and rule the Inhumans. Meanwhile, Karnak has wound up in a strange afterlife that he believes to be hell. He and an ally he meets here plans to escape this place, and they successfully find a door out while holding off strange creatures. Karnak uses his ability to see the weakness in things to open the door, and finds himself bursting out of Lineage's chest in the real world, killing Lineage in the process. He realizes that what he thought was Hell was inside Lineage, as Karnak is one of his ancestors. Karnak tells Medusa he knows that she has been an outstanding queen in his absence and rejoins her council.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: During the "Civil War II" storyline, Karnak was at New Attilan when Iron Man infiltrated it to claim Ulysses. Alongside Medusa and Crystal, Karnak was defeated by Iron Man and made off with Ulysses. Karnak joined Medusa, Crystal, and the Inhumans with them for a trip to Stark Tower. He nearly leveled it with his powers until the Avengers, the Ultimates, and S.H.I.E.L.D. arrived. Karnak was present when Ulysses projected his latest vision that involved a rampaging Hulk standing over the corpses of the superheroes.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: During the "Inhumans vs. X-Men" storyline, Karnak is attacked by a time-displaced Jean Grey who telepathically traps him.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: During the "Secret Empire" storyline, Karnak joins up with Daisy Johnson's Secret Warriors. While driving West, the Warriors encounter the Howling Commandos after falling into a trap. After escaping, the team is found by the X-Men.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: Karnak has enhanced strength, stamina, durability, agility, and reflexes as a result of his genetically superior Inhuman physiology. Unlike most other Inhumans, he does not have superhuman powers because he was never exposed to the mutagenic Terrigen Mist. Instead, Karnak has the extrasensory ability (achieved through meditation and intensive training) to perceive stress points, fracture planes, or weaknesses in objects or persons. He has complete voluntary control of most of his autonomic bodily functions. All striking surfaces of his body are extremely toughened. He is capable of shattering substances up to and including mild steel and rendering superhuman opponents unconscious by striking them.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: Karnak has received his fighting skills as a result of Inhuman royal militia training. He is also a graduate of the religious seminary, at the Tower of Wisdom in Attilan.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: In "Amalgam Comics", Triserinak - a combination of DC's Serifan and Marvel's Triton and Karnak - is a member of the superhero group Un-People in Amalgam Comics universe.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: In the alternate future of Earth X, Karnak has undergone a further mutation. His cranium has greatly increased and his features are now more sunken. During an investigative mission to Earth, he attempts to act as a calming influence among the members of the Royal Family. He has altered his uniform in order to expose his powerful limbs.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: In the sequel "Paradise X", he is shown as having exiled himself from his own people, seeing the marriage of Medusa and the King of Brittan as a betrayal of Black Bolt's memory and the superiority of the Inhumans.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: In "Exiles", Karnak appears as one of the many heroes overtaken by a mutated version of the techno-organic Phalanx.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: In the "Heroes Reborn" continuity, Karnak lives with the other Inhumans, hidden on Earth. His society pays reverence to Galactus and his many heralds via statues. Karnak dresses in a more stylized version of his 616 uniform.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: In the "Marvel Zombies" continuity, Karnak is seen as one of the many zombies trying to bring down the Silver Surfer. He turns up again in a sequel to the story, visiting the "clone pens" of a zombified Kingpin. He is shredded by a chainsaw when he battles Earth-616's Machine Man. Another version, from Earth Z, is seen assisting in eating the Warbound. In a flashback series, Karnak is one of the many heroes fighting a last-ditch effort to evacuate as many un-infected humans to an alternate reality.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: In "Mutant X", Karnak joins with his fellow Inhumans and a team of Eternals to confront the murderous duo of the Beyonder and Dracula. Inhumans and Eternals alike are all killed and Dracula drains them.


title: Karnak (comics)

text: In the "Ultimate Marvel" continuity, the Ultimate version of Karnak was introduced in "Ultimate Fantastic Four" Annual #1. Here, he is a member of the Inhuman royal family. His power is the ability to sense and control energy, for example, he sensed the stress-points in Sue Storm's invisible force-field, and attacked it with a bolt of electricity.


title: United States Air Force Special Reconnaissance

text: Special Reconnaissance (SR)—formerly Special Operations Weather Technician or Team (SOWT)—is conducted by trained Air Force personnel assigned to Special Tactics Squadrons of the United States Air Force Special Operations Command who operate deep behind enemy lines to conduct covert direction of air and missile attacks, place remotely monitored sensors, and support other special operation units. Like other special operations units, SR units may also carry out direct action (DA) and unconventional warfare (UW), including guerrilla operations. As SOWTs they were tactical observer/forecasters with ground combat capabilities and fell under the Air Force Special Tactics within the Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC). The mission of a Special Operations Weather Technician was to deploy by the most feasible means available into combat and non-permissive environments to collect and interpret meteorological data and provide air and ground forces commanders with timely, accurate intelligence. They collect data, assist mission planning, generate accurate and mission-tailored target and route forecasts in support of global special operations, conduct special weather reconnaissance and train foreign national forces. SOWTs provided vital intelligence and deployed with joint air and ground forces in support of direct action, counter-terrorism, foreign internal defense, humanitarian assistance, special reconnaissance, austere airfield, and combat search and rescue.


text: An article in the 13 May 2019 "Air Force Times" announced changes to the career field and stated in part:


text: During World War II, Army Air Forces combat weathermen supported the American effort against the Japanese in the China-Burma-India theater of operations. They also participated in the European theater at Normandy Beach, France; and in the Netherlands and Yugoslavia.


text: However most of the special operations weather lineage, honors, and heraldry origins of WWII are attributed to the 10th Weather Squadron, at New Delhi, India under the 10th Air Force. The 10th Weather Squadron was constituted 10th Weather on 15 Jun 1942 and activated on 24 Jun 1942 (New Delhi, India). Inactivated on 3 Jul 1946 the 10th Weather Squadron was subsequently activated on 1 June 1948, inactivated on 20 May 1952, activated on 16 Jun 1966, organized on 8 Jul 1966, inactivated on 30 Sep 1975, designated 10th Combat Weather Squadron and activated on 1 Apr 1996, and finally inactivated 7 May 2014. The inactivation of the 10th Combat Weather Squadron resulted in special operations weathermen from the unit being integrated into 720th STG.


text: The various regional conflicts escalating in Southeast Asia during the years 1961 through 1975 were causal for reactivating the 10th Weather Squadron on 8 July 1966 at Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base in Thailand, to conduct combat weather operations in Southeast Asia. The 10th subsequently relocated to Long Binh AI, RVN, 3 Aug 1967 and then to Nakhon Phanom, Thailand, 18 February 1974 before being inactivated 30 June 1972. The squadron trained indigenous weather personnel and set up clandestine weather observation networks throughout Southeast Asia. The 10th Weather Squadron played an important part in the raid on the Son Tay POW camp (a.k.a. Operation Ivory Coast) of 1970. The weather forecasting for this mission primarily relied upon images obtained from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites, data obtained by weather aircraft reconnaissance sorties, and extensive climatic analysis data. Weather forecaster Major Keith R. Grimes who as Lt Col became the commander of the 10th during the period from 7 July 1974 to 15 Jul 1975 was weather advisor to the Joint Task Force Commander planning Operation Ivory Coast. It is Major Grimes' extensive work with climatological data and forecasts prepared by Air Weather Service personnel credited by Air Weather Service historians as setting raid's general date.


text: Previously, during 1963 and 1964, Captain Keith R. Grimes organized the first ad-hoc Air Weather Service Unconventional Warfare Detachment at Hurlburt Field, FL, between 1963 and 1964. These few in-member numbers special warfare weathermen began deploying to Laos with primary mission training friendly forces to take and report weather observation. It was this small in numbers group of weathermen who worked clandestinely in Laos, under dangerous conditions and on a nearly uninterrupted basis, to establish and maintain weather observing and reporting net essential to combat air operations. Posing as civilians with varying cover stories and carrying only a civilian identification card functioned not only as weathermen and advisors, but as forward air controllers, intelligence gatherers, and fighters. By 1972 the Air Weather Service had twenty-seven jump qualified combat weather team weathermen. Most were assigned in support of the XVIII Airborne Corps, or the 82d and 101st Airborne Divisions, but others were assigned with the 7th Weather Squadron in Germany and eight were assigned with the 5th Weather Wing's Detachment 75 at Eglin AFB's Hurlburt Field in support of Air Force and Army Special Forces. From 1972 to about 1985 parachutist qualified combat weather teams and special operations weather teams were considered nonessential. The prevailing senior leadership attitude during this period was expressed by a question AWS chief of staff, Colonel Edwin E. Carmell hypothetically asked in December 1972 of "If you look at it objectively, what kinds of weather [data] do you get out of those guys?" in referring to Detachment 75. "I think the answer is pretty clear," he continued: "they aren't needed."


text: The decisive origins of Special Operations Weather becoming a unique separate career weather Air Force Specialty Code having a specialty description is the 1 October 1996 reactivation of the 10th Air Weather Squadron as the 10th Combat Weather Squadron (10th CWS) and assigned to the 720th Special Tactics Group (720th STG) of the Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC). On 5 May 2008, the Air Force approved the establishment of a new Air Force Specialty Code for Special Operations Weather, formally recognizing their commitment to deploy into restricted environments by air, land or sea to conduct weather operations, observe and analyze all environmental data. The 10th Combat Weather Squadron was inactivated 7 May 2014 with special operations weathermen from the unit being integrated into the Special Tactics Group, Wing and Squadrons.


text: Special operations weathermen were not included in the failed US embassy hostage rescue attempt in Iran in 1980, known as Operation Eagle Claw. A review group composed of six senior military officials (Admiral James L. Holloway III, United States Navy, Retired; Lieutenant General Samuel V. Wilson, United States Army, Retired; Lieutenant General Leroy J. Manor, United States Air Force Retired; Major General James C. Smith, United States Army; Major General John L. Piotrowski, United States Air Force, and Major General Alfred M. Gray Jr., United States Marine Corps) released a report titled "Rescue Mission Report, August 1980" on Saturday, 23 August 1980. Issue 15 "Weather Reconnaissance" (pp. 40 and 41) of the report discusses the ability of the Joint Task Force's weather team (the AWS team was assigned to the JTP J-2 section) to accurately and reliably forecast Iranian weather, particularly along the 200 nautical mile helicopter route is discussed. The report asserts "in hindsight" that more timely and accurate weather data could and should have been obtained from a WC-130 reconnaissance sortie scouting the route ahead of the helicopters, which would have encountered the dust phenomena before the helicopters and forwarded this info to the helicopters. However immediately following the "hindsight" suggestion is disclosure of the OPSEC risks of such a WC-130 pathfinder reconnaissance, potentially causing mission compromise, was considered to override any advantages gained. Regardless, this working group's assessment for direct weather causals for mission abort and the Desert One tragedy was insufficient and inadequate command and control combined with lack of precise weather abort criteria being determined during mission planning for mission aircrews to rely on in the absence of positive command and control.


text: Special operations weathermen have directly participated in the majority of modern special operations contingency operations since Operation Urgent Fury, the U.S. invasion of Grenada working with other special operations and conventional forces. These recent successes include operations Just Cause in Panama, Desert Shield/Desert Storm, Task Force Ranger operations in Somalia, Uphold Democracy in Haiti, operations in Bosnia and counter narcotics operations in South America, as well as ongoing operations in support of Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom.


text: The Air Force refers to all its ground element as Battlefield Airmen (BA). This designation includes both the Special Operations career fields of AFSOC – Pararescue (PJ), Combat Control (CCT), Special Reconnaissance (SR), and Tactical Air Control Party (TACP) – but also other career fields that often train and support AFSOC elements. The latter include the Explosive Ordinance Disposal (EOD), Survival Evasion Resistance Escape (SERE), and Security Forces (SF) career fields. However, a major overhaul of the SOF career fields is underway.