title: Gorkha Kingdom

text: Among their conquests, the most important and valuable acquisition was the wealthy Newar confederacy of Nepal Mandala centered in the Kathmandu Valley. Starting in 1745, the Gorkhalis mounted a blockade in a bid to starve the population into submission, but the inhabitants held out.


title: Gorkha Kingdom

text: The Newars appealed to the British East India Company to help, and in 1767, it sent an expedition under Captain Kinloch which ended in failure. The three Newar capitals of Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur fell to the Gorkhalis between 1768 and 1769. The Gorkhali king subsequently moved his capital to Kathmandu.


title: Gorkha Kingdom

text: In 1788, the Gorkhalis turned their attention north and invaded Tibet. They seized the border towns of Kyirong and Kuti, and forced the Tibetans to pay an annual tribute. When the Tibetans stopped paying it, the Gorkhalis invaded Tibet again in 1791 and plundered the Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse. This time the Chinese army came to Tibet's defence and advanced close to Kathmandu but could not achieve success due to strong counterattack. The anxious Bahadur Shah asked for 10 howitzer mountain guns from the British East India Company. Captain William Kirkpatrick arrived in Kathmandu, however the deal was not made due to unfavorable circumstances for the Gorkhalis. Eventually, the Fu Kanggan was keen to protect his army and the war being resultless was concluded by signing a peace treaty at Betrawati.


title: Gorkha Kingdom

text: A later Nepalese–Tibetan War was fought from 1855 to 1856 in Tibet between the forces of the Tibetan government (Ganden Phodrang, then under administrative rule of the Qing dynasty) and the invading Nepalese army, resulting in the victory of Nepal.


title: Gorkha Kingdom

text: The Gorkha dominion reached its height at the beginning of the 19th century, extending all along the Himalayan foothills from Kumaon and Garhwal in the west to Sikkim in the east. They were made to return much of the occupied territories after their defeat in the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816) .


title: Gorkha Kingdom

text: The Gorkha dominion continued to be known as Gorkha Rajya (meaning the Gorkha Kingdom) until the beginning of the 20th century. Historically, the name 'Nepal' referred mainly to Kathmandu valley, the homeland of the Newars. Since the 1930s, the state began using it to refer to the entire country and 'Nepal Khaldo' (Nepal Valley) became 'Kathmandu Valley'. The name Gorkha Sarkar (meaning Gorkha government) was also changed to Nepal government.


title: Gorkha Kingdom

text: Similarly, the Gorkhali language was renamed as Nepali in 1933. The term Gorkhali in the former national anthem entitled "Shreeman Gambhir" was changed to Nepali in 1951. The government newspaper, launched in 1901, is still known as Gorkhapatra (meaning Gorkha gazette).


title: Gorkha Kingdom

text: The Shah dynasty ruled Nepal until 2008 when it became a republic following a people's movement. Today, Gorkha District, roughly corresponding to the old kingdom, is one of the 77 administrative districts of Nepal.


title: Gorkha Kingdom

text: Not to be confused with the inhabitants of the old Gorkha Kingdom only, the Gurkhas are also military units in the British or the Indian army (where they are known as Gorkhas) enlisted in Nepal and India. Their history goes back to the Anglo-Gorkha War and the Sugauli Treaty of 1816. It allowed the British East India Company to recruit men from the Gorkha kingdom hills to serve as mercenaries.


title: Gorkha Kingdom

text: During World War II (1939–45), a total of 250,280 Gurkhas served in 40 battalions, plus eight Nepalese Army battalions, plus parachute, training, garrison, and porter units. They earned 2,734 bravery awards, and suffered around 32,000 casualties in all theatres.


title: Residences of Donald Trump

text: Former U.S. president, businessman, and television personality Donald Trump currently has six residences.


title: Residences of Donald Trump

text: Trump grew up in Jamaica Estates, an affluent neighborhood in Queens, New York City. During his time at the New York Military Academy, he lived on campus; he later rented row houses in college. In 1971, Trump moved to a studio on 75th Street in Manhattan. Since the completion of Trump Tower in 1983, Trump had lived in a three-level penthouse on the top floors. He purchased the Seven Springs mansion in Bedford, New York, in 1995. Upon Trump's election to the U.S. presidency, he moved into the White House in Washington, D.C. From his birth in 1946 until 2019, Trump listed his primary state of residence as New York; in September 2019, Donald and Melania moved their primary residence to Mar-a-Lago in Florida. On January 20, 2021, Trump moved out of the White House preceding the inauguration of Joe Biden.


title: Residences of Donald Trump

text: Since September 2019, Trump's resort and residence Mar-a-Lago has served as the primary residence for Donald and Melania Trump.


title: Residences of Donald Trump

text: The three-story penthouse at Trump Tower was Trump's primary and main residence until September 2019 when Trump designated Mar-a-Lago his primary residence. In 2017, Forbes magazine estimated the 11,000 sq.ft. penthouse to be worth $64 million. The interior was originally designed by Angelo Donghia with black lacquered walls, brass, and mahogany but was later redesigned in Louis XIV-style with gold-trimmed furniture, marble floors, columns, tables, and walls, frescoed ceilings, bronze statues, and crystal chandeliers.


title: Residences of Donald Trump

text: A villa on the premises is reserved for Trump's exclusive use, and a 500-square-foot, two-story balcony and porch were added to it in 2017. In 2017, the place was designated as Trump's third presidential residence.


title: Residences of Donald Trump

text: Trump owns a mansion on in Bedford and New Castle, New York. The mansion has sixty rooms, including thirteen bedrooms, twelve baths, and an indoor pool of white marble. There are two other pools on the grounds, as well as a glass and stone orangery for growing citrus, with a bowling alley in its basement. The grounds are accented with a formal garden pavilion, a fountain in the front lawn, a greenhouse and root cellar, and a stone water tower. The property also contains a Tudor Revival house known as "Nonesuch", formerly owned by the Heinz family.


title: Residences of Donald Trump

text: Seven Springs was formerly a summer home of Eugene Meyer and his family, including his daughter Katharine Graham. In 1919, Meyer had the mansion built of sandstone from the property to a design by artist and architect Charles A. Platt. He spent $2 million constructing it. Meyer died in 1959, and after his wife's death in 1970, the family foundation gave 247 acres of land to The Nature Conservancy and the rest of the property first to Yale University and then to Rockefeller University, which used it as a conference center. Trump purchased the property in 1995 for $7.5 million. The mansion was in need of renovation, but Eric Trump and Donald Trump Jr. spent summers and weekends at the property, living in one of the carriage houses. They would ride ATVs, fish in Byram Lake, and help with construction work. Eric Trump described the property as a "home base" and "Forbes" called it a "family retreat".


title: Residences of Donald Trump

text: Trump originally planned to build a golf course on the property, but was opposed by the governments of the three municipalities the property lies within, and he wanted to avoid competing with his existing course nearby in Briarcliff Manor. He later explored renovating the two houses and redeveloping the rest of the property to build first 46 single-family houses, and in 2004, fifteen $25-million mansions. These plans were abandoned, and in 2015, Trump placed most of the property under a conservation easement.


title: Residences of Donald Trump

text: Donald Trump developed the 38-story Trump Parc condominium skyscraper at 106 Central Park South, and often privately owns multiple units within it, which he rents for up to $100,000 a month.


title: Residences of Donald Trump

text: Trump has several apartments at Trump Park Avenue. The penthouse, which was owned by Trump and where his daughter Ivanka and her family lived from 2011 until January 2017, was sold to Chinese-American businesswoman Angela Chen for 15.9 million dollars in February 2017.


title: Residences of Donald Trump

text: Donald Trump lived at the presidential mansion, the White House in Washington, D.C. during his presidency. His wife Melania and their son Barron remained at Trump Tower until the end of Barron's 2016–2017 school year.


title: Residences of Donald Trump

text: Trump lived with his family in Jamaica Estates, an affluent suburban neighborhood in Queens, New York. They lived at 85-15 Wareham Place until he was four. The house, a six-bedroom neo-Tudor, was built in 1940 by his father Fred Trump. In 1950, the family moved into a 23-room mansion Fred Trump built on two adjoining lots on Midland Parkway, directly behind the backyard of the house on Wareham Place. Trump's parents lived in the house for the rest of their lives.


title: Residences of Donald Trump

text: Beginning at age 13, Trump attended and resided at New York Military Academy, a private boarding school in Cornwall, New York. He subsequently attended Fordham University for two years and transferred to the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, where he lived in rented off-campus row houses.


title: Residences of Donald Trump

text: Around the 1970s Trump lived in a penthouse apartment at the Phoenix, a luxury apartment building on 65th Street in the Upper East Side in Manhattan. The apartment had large panoramic windows; he decorated the interior in beige, brown, and chrome.


title: Residences of Donald Trump

text: Trump purchased a mansion in Greenwich, Connecticut, in 1982 for $4 million. The house had eight bedrooms, eleven baths, a guest house, a putting green and tennis court, indoor and outdoor pools, and a sauna. Ivana Trump received the mansion as part of the settlement in her 1991 divorce from Donald Trump. She sold it for $15 million in 1998.


title: Residences of Donald Trump

text: Donald and Ivana Trump (his wife at the time) lived in an apartment on Manhattan's Fifth Avenue, which was decorated with beige velvet sofas and goatskin tables. According to family friend Nikki Haskell, Donald and Ivana lived in Olympic Tower prior to moving to 800 Fifth Avenue.


title: Residences of Donald Trump

text: Trump owned a five-bedroom mansion on North Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills, California from 2007 to 2019. Trump had rarely used it, and had put on the market and rented it out at different times. In June 2019, he quietly sold the property, off-market, for $13.5 million. He had originally purchased it for $7 million.


title: Residences of Donald Trump

text: From 2008 to 2009, Trump owned a neighboring house, an 11-bedroom Greek Revival mansion built in 1981. Trump purchased it for $10.35 million, but sold it for $9.5 million. It was previously a residence of Gabonese president Omar Bongo, who died in office in 2009.


title: Trollied

text: Trollied is a British sitcom about employees in a fictional supermarket named "Valco", which debuted on Sky One on 4 August 2011 and ended on 23 December 2018. The series was filmed in a purpose-built replica supermarket in the Bottle Yard Studios in Bristol throughout April and May 2011 for the first series with the second series being filmed in June and July 2012.


title: Trollied

text: At the conclusion of series 1, Sky 1 confirmed that the series had been recommissioned for two additional series of 13 episodes each, and a Christmas Special in 2012. The third series began airing from 22 August 2013 and ended on 7 November 2013. A second Christmas Special for 2013 aired on 24 December 2013. On 20 March 2014 it was announced that Sky had commissioned a fourth series of "Trollied" which aired in October 2014. The fourth series started filming in Bristol in June 2014 and began transmission on 3 November 2014 and concluded on 22 December 2014. A fifth series began airing on 2 November 2015 and ended on 14 December 2015. A Christmas Special aired on 23 December 2015. In April 2016, Jason Watkins confirmed that a sixth series had been commissioned, with filming to begin in June. A sixth series began airing on 7 November 2016, ending with a Christmas Special on 19 December 2016. A seventh series began filming on 11 July 2017, with a Christmas Special set to precede it. On 28 November 2017, it was announced that the Christmas Special would air on 24 December 2017. A seventh series began airing on 2 January 2018. On 23 August 2018, it was announced that "Trollied" would end with a final Christmas special, which broadcast on 23 December 2018.


title: Trollied

text: The show takes place in the fictional supermarket of Valco in Warrington, Cheshire, where the hapless staff deal with the everyday problems of running a value supermarket in the north west of England. The show explores the relationships between the staff, customers and managers as romances and rivalries blossom on the shop floor, along with a realistic supermarket atmosphere that customers and store employees in reality can relate to. This includes customer stereotypes and rivalries with other store branches such as Valco in Wigan.


title: Trollied

text: Originally the show was going to be set in Bradford, West Yorkshire where the creator Anne Marie O'Connor is from.


title: Trollied

text: The series was filmed on a set built by Sky TV at the Bottle Yard Studios in Bristol, UK. Between series 3 & 4, the BBC2 motoring entertainment show "Top Gear" destroyed some of the set by driving through it with three 1980's era hatchbacks. The segment aired on "Top Gear" Series 21, Episode 1.


title: Trollied

text: Trollied episode 'The Wedding', was partly filmed at the cruise terminal at the Port of Dover, which was used as the location for the Dublin and Holyhead Ferry Ports in scenes which sees Gavin (Jason Watkins) and his friends panic they are going to miss his & Cheryl’s wedding.


title: Trollied

text: "Trollied" was broadcast in Australia on Network Ten, first airing Thursday nights from 27 September 2012 at 11.15 pm. However, Network Ten stopped broadcasting the series, and instead, all seven series became available to view on the Australian streaming service Stan. Series 6 became available to the service as of 6 January 2017, while Series 7 started in April 2018.


title: Trollied

text: In the United States, the show airs on selected PBS affiliates. Although not a direct adaptation of "Trollied", the NBC network previewed their new comedy series "Superstore" on 30 November 2015. Many have seen "Superstore" as the American equivalent of "Trollied".


title: Trollied

text: Following the debut of "Trollied", Ian Richardson, manager of the Morrisons supermarket in Thornbury, Bradford, wrote an article in "The Guardian" newspaper, saying the show was the topic of the discussion in the staff canteen and that he felt the attention to detail on the set was excellent, making a realistic setting. In Mr Richardson's article he commented that the show portrayed many similarities with his supermarket, but he could not relate to the use of bad language on the shop floor or poor customer service levels. He felt that it was a shame there was not more customer interaction.


title: Trollied

text: Reviews for the series were mixed. In a review for The Guardian, Zoe Williams commented that the series is "A puerile, lazy comedy". On reviewing the first episode, Alice-Azania Jarvis of The Independent said that "In all, it wasn't bad. There was no reason to switch over. No reason to tune out. It was lightly amusing, which is enough for what it was. But it's not going to be something to go out of your way for. It's not appointment TV." Keith Watson of the Metro stated that "Trollied is worth watching but it's the minor characters that make you laugh".


title: The Glimmer Man

text: The Glimmer Man is a 1996 American buddy cop action comedy film directed by John Gray, and produced by Steven Seagal. The film stars Seagal, Keenen Ivory Wayans, Bob Gunton, and Brian Cox. The film was released in the United States on October 4, 1996.


title: The Glimmer Man

text: Seagal plays Lieutenant Jack Cole, a former government intelligence agent known as "The Glimmer Man", who now works as a detective with the Los Angeles Police Department. Wayans co-stars as Cole's partner Detective Jim Campbell.


title: The Glimmer Man

text: Jack Cole was once a CIA operative known as "The Glimmer Man," because he could move so quickly and quietly through the jungle that his victims would only see a glimmer before they died. Having retired from Central Intelligence, Coleversed in Buddhism and unaccustomed to working with othershas become a detective with the Los Angeles Police Department.


title: The Glimmer Man

text: Cole is partnered with tough, no-nonsense detective Jim Campbell... who has little patience for Cole's New Age philosophies and "outsider" attitude. Cole and Campbell must set aside their differences when they're assigned to track down a serial killer known as "The Family Man," named for his habit of killing entire households.


title: The Glimmer Man

text: The Family Man's latest victims turn out to be Cole's former wife Ellen and her current husband Andrew Dunleavy. When Cole's fingerprints are found on Ellen's body, he and Campbell suspect that Smith - Jack's former superior in the CIA - may be connected with the killings. Cole contacts Smith, who (unbeknownst to him and Campbell) has been working with local crime boss Frank Deverell.


title: The Glimmer Man

text: Cole and Campbell receive a tip which leads them to Christopher Maynard. Maynard insists that the Family Man murders were actually committed by more than one killer. Only the slayings that occurred prior to Jack's arrival in Los Angeles were Maynard's work; more recently, a second party has been massacring households and blaming it on Maynard... whom Cole is forced to shoot in self defense.


title: The Glimmer Man

text: Seeking a lead on the "other" Family Man, Cole goes to the home of Celia Rostov: Deverell's Russian translator and a recent victim of the serial killer. Jack finds out that the Rostovs had tickets to Russia, paid for by Deverell's company. The Family Man makes an unsuccessful attempt on the lives of both Cole and Campbell, blowing up the latter's apartment. It is revealed that the Family Man works for both Deverell and Smith, who have murder contracts out on both of the detectives... and also on Johnny, Deverell's own stepson.


title: The Glimmer Man

text: Cole and Campbell chat with Johnny's girlfriend Millie, who tells them where to find Johnny. The detectives trick and kill a hitman sent by Johnny's stepfather. Johnny informs Campbell and Cole that Donald Cunningham, Deverell's private security chief, is the other Family Man... whose killings were confused with Maynard's. Johnny also reveals Smith's partnership with Deverell.


title: The Glimmer Man

text: The detectives confront Smith, who reveals that Deverell has been smuggling chemical weapons into the USA from Russia... and selling said arms to the Serbian underworld. Smith is arranging contacts for the deal, which is being cut by the Russian Liberation Fighters (aka the Organizatsiya). The sale has been scheduled to take place at a welfare hotel in Downtown Los Angeles.


title: The Glimmer Man

text: When Cole and Campbell storm the hotel to disrupt the weapons deal, Cunningham kills Deverell (because Deverell set up Cunningham for the LAPD, in order to clear himself of the arms-running charges) and wounds Jim. Cole fights Cunningham, who is finally tossed through a window and impaled on a wrought iron fence. Campbell half-jokes that Cole has brought him nothing but bad luck ever since they became partners. Cole says he'll keep that in mind, as Campbell is driven off to the hospital.


title: The Glimmer Man

text: In the original screenplay which was 114 pages long, Cole was called Calhoun, Campbell was named Leary and Donald Cunningham was called Abraham.


title: The Glimmer Man

text: Originally envisioned as a much larger action picture, similar in scope to "The Last Boy Scout" (1991), which starred Wayans' brother Damon Wayans. Several action scenes were removed to cut down the budget. They included the bombing of a boat owned by Campbell (who lived on a houseboat instead of an apartment), an encounter between Cole and a SWAT team, who have raided his house, and the final confrontation/gunfight at the LA museum.


title: The Glimmer Man

text: Brian Cox's character Mr. Smith was originally intended for Steven Seagal's "Under Siege" co-star Tommy Lee Jones, and he was attached to the film before leaving shortly before filming began. Cox replaced him on very short notice.


title: The Glimmer Man

text: After the film was completed, just like they did with his other films he made for them, Warner Bros. conducted additional editing on the film to make it faster and more like a regular Steven Seagal movie. Cut scenes included several comedic and dramatic exchanges between Campbell and Cole and a great deal of Michelle Johnson's scenes, as Cole's wife, Jessica, were cut.


title: The Glimmer Man

text: According to Stephen Tobolowsky, Steven Seagal wanted to change the scene in which Cole (Seagal) kills Maynard (Tobolowsky). Due to his spiritual beliefs, Seagal did not want to kill villains in his movies anymore. Tobolowsky convinced Seagal that Maynard was a deeply unhappy person and killing him would allow for reincarnation and redemption. Seagal agreed and the scene was filmed as written. But months later, Seagal wanted to change the scene to show that Maynard survived the shooting. Tobolowsky was brought in to overdub lines to indicate that Maynard was still alive, though this was not used in the final cut.


title: The Glimmer Man

text: Seagal wrote two original songs for the film, "Bulletproof" and "Snake", performed by the Jeff Healey Band and Taj Mahal, respectively.


title: The Glimmer Man

text: Guitarist Trevor Rabin, formerly of Yes, composed the score, his first as a film music composer. He has since composed scores for many other films.


title: The Glimmer Man

text: The film debuted at No. 2 at the box office behind "The First Wives Club", but despite this the film was an overall box office flop grossing only $20,351,264, in North America, against an estimated production budget of $45 million.


title: The Glimmer Man

text: The film received mostly negative reviews from the film critics. Critic Lawrence van Gelder, writing for "The New York Times", did not like the film. He wrote, Short on suspense, routine in its action and monotonous in its performances, this movie opened yesterday without benefit of press screenings, usually a sign that the distributors have detected cinematic rigor mortis before audiences formally withdraw such life support systems as tickets, popcorn and the glucose drip of spilled Coke.


title: The Glimmer Man

text: Leonard Klady of "Variety" magazine gave the film a negative review: "For a rock'em, sock'em action thriller, "The Glimmer Man" is a hopelessly slow-moving, slow-witted shaggy-dog tale that delivers the jolts but lacks the juice necessary for high-voltage entertainment."


title: The Glimmer Man

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a score of 11% based on 27 reviews with the consensus: "A grimy, humorless glimpse of Steven Seagal's direct-to-video future, "The Glimmer Man" fails to shine." On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 33% based on reviews from 16 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.


title: Danny Collins (film)

text: Danny Collins is a 2015 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Dan Fogelman in his feature directorial debut. Inspired by the true story of folk singer Steve Tilston, the film stars Al Pacino, Annette Bening, Jennifer Garner, Bobby Cannavale and Christopher Plummer. The film was released in theaters on March 20, 2015.


title: Danny Collins (film)

text: For his performance, Pacino was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards.


title: Danny Collins (film)

text: Aging 1970s rocker Danny Collins cannot give up his hard-living ways – but then his manager, Frank Grubman, uncovers a 40-year-old undelivered letter to him from John Lennon. After reading the letter, Danny decides to change his way of life. He travels to New Jersey to attempt to connect for the first time with his grown son, Tom Donnelly, born from a casual relationship with a woman who died 10 years earlier. Tom has a wife, Samantha, and seven-year-old daughter, Hope, and is expecting a second child.


title: Danny Collins (film)

text: Seeking a new start, Danny forswears touring and checks into a Hilton hotel in New Jersey, much to the delight of the young staff. He begins to woo the hotel manager, Mary, and tries to set up her assistant Jaime on a date.


title: Danny Collins (film)

text: Tom initially rejects the father he believes abandoned him, but Danny persists, getting Hope, who has ADHD, into an exclusive school for children with special needs. He learns Tom has what doctors say may be terminal leukemia, inherited from his mother, and begins to attend doctor's visits with him. Tom's dislike of his father gradually gives way to the need for his support.


title: Danny Collins (film)

text: Inspired by his feelings for Mary and his happiness at having a family, Danny begins to write new songs. He books a one-night performance at a small club. However, when the audience demands he play his old material, Danny loses his nerve and gives a rote performance. Ashamed, he resumes doing drugs, damaging his relationship with Mary and his family. Tom confronts him, causing Danny to angrily reveal Tom's leukemia diagnosis, something Samantha had not been aware of. Feeling betrayed, Tom tells Danny never to bother his family again.


title: Danny Collins (film)

text: Danny finds out from Frank that his finances are in danger, on account of all his excessive habits, and that he needs to go on tour again. Danny goes to the hotel to mend fences with Mary. Tom is visited by Frank, who tells him that his father, despite many flaws, is a good man. Tom then finds Danny waiting at the doctor's office to hear his diagnosis. Danny reassures him that everything will be all right, which, after the doctor arrives, appears to be the case.


title: Danny Collins (film)

text: The story is based on a real-life situation in which John Lennon and Yoko Ono wrote a letter to the English folk singer Steve Tilston in 1971 but this remained unknown to him for 34 years. The real letter was signed "John + Yoko", while the letter in the movie was signed "John".


title: Danny Collins (film)

text: In November 2010, Steve Carell was attached to star in the film, then titled "Imagine", as the rocker's son, but he ultimately dropped out due to scheduling conflicts. In June 2011, Al Pacino was in discussions to star in the film. In October 2012, Jeremy Renner was announced as Carrell's replacement and Julianne Moore also joined the film. Both were eventually also replaced; by Bobby Cannavale and Annette Bening, respectively.


title: Danny Collins (film)

text: Filming began in July 2013 in Los Angeles. The crew filmed a scene with Pacino during a concert of the band Chicago in Los Angeles. In November 2014, it was reported that the film had been retitled "Danny Collins", and that Ryan Adams would compose the score with Theodore Shapiro. The film also switched distributors from Warner Bros. Pictures to Bleecker Street.


title: Danny Collins (film)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 78% based on 134 reviews, with an average rating of 6.44/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Thanks to Al Pacino's stirring central performance — and excellent work from an esteemed supporting cast — "Danny Collins" manages to overcome its more predictable and heavy-handed moments to deliver a heartfelt tale of redemption." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 58 out of 100, based on 31 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: Danny Collins (film)

text: In addition to Pacino's Golden Globe Award nomination, two of the film's original songs, "Don't Look Down" and "Hey Baby Doll", were long-listed for the 2015 Academy Award for Best Original Song.


title: Fabulous Hudson Hornet

text: The Fabulous Hudson Hornet is a famous NASCAR Grand National Series and AAA stock car campaigned during the early 1950s that was produced by the Hudson Motor Car Company. Several drivers, including Marshall Teague and Herb Thomas, drove Hudson Hornets that were nicknamed the "Fabulous Hudson Hornet".


title: Fabulous Hudson Hornet

text: Hudson Motor Car Company was an early proponent of auto racing as an integral component of the automaker's marketing strategy. The company began directly backing their racing teams and "providing the team cars with everything they needed to make their cars faster." Drivers that were part of the Hudson team included Marshall Teague, Herb Thomas, Dick Rathmann, Tim Flock, Fonty Flock, Jack McGrath, Frank "Rebel" Mundy, and Lou Figaro. Together they accounted for 13 wins in 1951, 49 in 1952, and 46 in 1953.


title: Fabulous Hudson Hornet

text: With the lowest center of mass among standard-sized cars at the time, the Hudson was praised for its great handling and roadworthiness so that stock car racers embraced these cars and "christened them with the 'Fabulous' prefix that followed this line through its days of track dominance." This combined with the car's light weight due to the advanced unibody construction that Hudson called 'step down' design, allowed Hudson drivers to win various stock car racing events from 1951 through 1954. Drivers "proved it could out-handle and out-accelerate much of its supposedly more powerful V-8 competition." The company used the "Fabulous Hudson Hornet, national stock car champion" description in its advertising.


title: Fabulous Hudson Hornet

text: Marshall Teague approached the Hudson Motor Car Company by traveling to Michigan and visiting their plant without an appointment. By the end of the visit Hudson executives assured Teague of corporate support and cars and the relationship was formalized shortly thereafter. Teague was also instrumental in helping Hudson tune the inline six-cylinder-powered Hudson Hornet to its maximum stock capability. His first time driving the Hornet in the February 1951 Daytona Beach and Road Course resulted in a first-place finish. Teague nicknamed his Hudson Hornet the "Fabulous Hudson Hornet" and had that name painted on the sides of the car. Teague went on to win five of the fifteen NASCAR Grand National races in 1951.


title: Fabulous Hudson Hornet

text: Teague and his crew chief Smokey Yunick won 27 of 34 events in major stock car events, including seven NASCAR events. Teague left NASCAR during the 1952 season in a dispute with NASCAR's owner Bill France, Sr.


title: Fabulous Hudson Hornet

text: Teague was awarded the 1951 AAA Stock Car Driver of the Year, and the 1952 and 1954 AAA National Stock Car Champion while driving in the Fabulous Hudson Hornet.


title: Fabulous Hudson Hornet

text: The original Fabulous Hudson Hornet can be found today, fully restored, at the Ypsilanti Automotive Heritage Museum in Ypsilanti, Michigan. This Hornet is also occasionally used in classic car racing.


title: Fabulous Hudson Hornet

text: Herb Thomas began the 1951 NASCAR Grand National season with moderate success in a Plymouth car, plus one win in an Oldsmobile. He switched mid season to his Fabulous Hudson Hornet, and won the 1951 championship.


title: Fabulous Hudson Hornet

text: Thomas dominated the entire 1953 NASCAR Grand National season. He won a series best 12 races en route to becoming the first two-time series champion.


title: Fabulous Hudson Hornet

text: A 1952 model was purchased by Thomas from a Hudson dealer sometime in late July or August 1952, and he campaigned it during next season and a half, ultimately capturing fifteen wins, as well as the 1953 championship with it. When Thomas purchased a replacement car to race in the 1954 season, his 1952 model was sold as a used car and subsequently driven in the southern U.S. ending up in eastern Kentucky by the mid-1970s. After being put in storage, changing owners, and verifying the serial numbers that it was the original number 92 raced by Thomas, the car was restored and shown at the 1998 EyesOn Design show.


title: Fabulous Hudson Hornet

text: This car was nominated for the National Historic Vehicle Register, which is limited to cars with "important American historic events, association with important American historic figures, its design or construction value, and its informational value" and shown at 2014 "Cars At The Capital" - the first ever automotive heritage celebration held on the National Mall.


title: Fabulous Hudson Hornet

text: Julius Timothy Flock (May 11, 1924 – March 31, 1998), an early NASCAR two time series champion, won the 1952 Grand National Champion cup as driver of one of the three Fabulous Hudson Hornets. His second championship cup, in 1955, was won using a Chrysler automobile. He was forced out of NASCAR after supporting a 1961 unionisation attempt but continued to race under other sanctioning bodies.


title: Fabulous Hudson Hornet

text: Despite Hudson's racing success, the marketplace competition and fierce rivalry between Chevrolet and Ford was too much to save the small scale independent automaker. Hudson merged with Nash-Kelvinator Corporation in 1954 to become American Motors Corporation. The Hudson name was finally retired in 1957, as AMC transformed into Rambler. The Hornet name was used by AMC for their compact sedan from 1970 to 1977. When automakers began returning to racing venues as a form of advertising and industrial prowess, AMC was competitive in the drag racing scene with their AMX taking the SS/D class record for ten years, and successfully fielded the AMC Javelin in the Trans-Am Series winning the manufacturer trophies in 1970 and 1971. The AMC Matador was developed into a winner on the NASCAR circuits.


title: Fabulous Hudson Hornet

text: The 2006 animated film "Cars" tells the story of a hotshot race car, Lightning McQueen (voiced by Owen Wilson) who finds himself stuck in the Route 66 town of Radiator Springs. The town's judge and doctor is Doc Hudson (voiced by Paul Newman), a Hornet that turns out to be the real Fabulous Hudson Hornet himself. Doc Hudson in "Cars" closely resembles the "Fabulous Hudson Hornet." He shares many of the same records as the real Hornet, although their fates differ. His number is 51, in reference to the year his model was created.


title: Gidget (film)

text: Gidget is a 1959 American CinemaScope comedy film. The picture stars Sandra Dee, Cliff Robertson, James Darren, Arthur O'Connell and The Four Preps. in a story about a teenager's initiation into the California surf culture and her romance with a young surfer.


title: Gidget (film)

text: The film—directed by Paul Wendkos—was the first of many screen appearances by the character Gidget, created by Hollywood writer Frederick Kohner (based on his daughter Kathy). The screenplay was written by Gillian Houghton, who was then head writer of the soap opera "The Secret Storm", using the pen name Gabrielle Upton. This would be Upton's sole contribution to the Gidget canon. The story was based on Kohner's 1957 novel "Gidget, the Little Girl with Big Ideas".


title: Gidget (film)

text: The film, which received one award nomination, not only inspired various sequel films, a television series, and television films, but is also considered the beginning of the entire "beach party film" genre. "Gidget" is credited by numerous sources ("Stoked! A History of Surf Culture" by Drew Kampion; "The Encyclopedia of Surfing" by Matt Warshaw; and "Riding Giants" a documentary film by Stacy Peralta—to name just three) as the single biggest factor in the mainstreaming of surfing culture in the United States.


title: Gidget (film)

text: Francine Lawrence (Sandra Dee) is about to turn 17 and is on her summer break between her junior and senior years of high school. She resists the pressure to go "man-hunting" with her girlfriends and laments the days when the girls had fun together without boys. Francine also rejects her parents wishing to fix her up on a date with the son of a friend of the family, Jeffrey Matthews (James Darren).


title: Gidget (film)

text: On a jaunt to the beach with her well developed girlfriends, flat-chested tomboy Francine meets surfer Moondoggie. She quickly becomes infatuated with him, but he shows no romantic interest; at any rate, Francine is more attracted to surfing than man-hunting.


title: Gidget (film)

text: At home, Francine importunes her parents for $25 for a used surfboard. Russ (Arthur O'Connell) and Dorothy Lawrence (Mary LaRoche) grant their daughter's request as an early birthday present and the excited youngster returns to the beach to surf. The gang dubs their female associate "Gidget", a combination of "girl" and "midget".


title: Gidget (film)

text: Gidget associates with an all-male surfer gang led by the worldly beach bum, The Big Kahuna (Cliff Robertson). Kahuna is a Korean War Air Force veteran twice the age of Gidget who is fed up with all the rules he had to live by when he flew combat missions, and dropped out of normal society. He travels the hemisphere surfing with his pet bird. Moondoggie admires Kahuna and wants to emulate him by joining Kahuna in working his way on a freighter to go surfing in Peru at summer's end, instead of going to university as his self-made father plans. Kahuna and Gidget enjoy each other's company, with Gidget questioning how he can survive an aimless and lonely existence without a job. She questions whether if Kahuna knew then what he knew now would he still make the same lifestyle choice after leaving the Air Force. Kahuna later reflects on Gidget's words after the death of his only friend, the pet bird.


title: Gidget (film)

text: Hoping to make Moondoggie jealous, Gidget hires one of the other surfers in the gang to be her date to a luau party on the beach. Her plan backfires when the surfer she hired pawns the job off on none other than Moondoggie, unaware that he was the one Gidget wanted to make jealous. Gidget lies and tells Moondoggie that it is Kahuna that she wants to make jealous, and they have a romantic evening at the luau. Eventually, Moondoggie says something that upsets Gidget and, as she flees the luau, she runs into Kahuna and agrees to take him to a nearby beach house. Alone with Kahuna, Gidget tries to make Kahuna take her virginity. Amused, Kahuna attempts to call Gidget's bluff by pretending to take her up on her offer, but finds himself falling under her spell. Realizing what he was about to do and angry at the situation he's been put in, Kahuna throws her out of the beach house just as Moondoggie arrives. Gidget is mortified and escapes out of the back of the beach house as Moondoggie confronts Kahuna. The cops are called to break up the fight between Kahuna and Moondoggie and, after leaving the beach house, they find Gidget stranded with a flat tire and without her driver's license. They take her in to the police station. Gidget's father, having heard about the incident, decides to take over control of her social life, and orders her not to see the surfer gang again. Gidget feels devastated at her failure, at which point her mother points out the needlepoint sampler from her grandmother, on her own bedroom wall. She rereads it: "To Be A Real Woman / Is To Bring Out The / Best In A Man".


title: Gidget (film)

text: In the end, her father arranges a date for Gidget with Jeffrey Matthews that she grudgingly accepts. To her surprise, Matthews turns out to be Moondoggie. The two return to the beach to find Kahuna tearing down his beach shack and find out that he has taken a job as an airline pilot. Moondoggie and Gidget realize how they feel about each other and, as an act of romantic devotion, Moondoggie asks Gidget to wear his class pin. Kahuna cheerfully warns Moondoggie that Gidget is quite a woman.


title: Gidget (film)

text: The film was shot in just 26 days during June–July 1958 at Leo Carrillo State Park and Columbia Pictures Studios. Sandra Dee originally was going to film the sequel "Gidget Goes Hawaiian" but didn't. Rose Marie Reid designed all of the women's swimsuits in the film.


title: Gidget (film)

text: Howard Thompson wrote in the "New York Times" of April 23, 1959, "[The film] is enough to make anybody leave one of the neighborhood theatres, where it opened yesterday, and light out for Long Island Sound. Pictorially, this mild little Columbia frolic, about a teen-age girl with boy trouble, seems an ideal way to usher in the beach season." He praised performers Dee, Robertson, and La Roche.


title: Gidget (film)

text: Craig Butler in "Allmovie" notes, "Although the very title prompts snorts of derision from many, "Gidget" is actually not a bad little teenaged flick from the '50s. Great art it definitely isn't, but as frivolous, lighthearted entertainment, it more than fits the bill. Those who know it only by reputation will probably be surprised to find that it does attempt to deal with the problems of life as seen by a teenager—and that, while some of those attempts are silly, many of them come off quite well. It also paints a very convincing picture of the beach-bum lifestyle, much more so than the Frankie Avalon–Annette Funicello beach party movies."


title: Gidget (film)

text: On November 10, 2017, Twilight Time Movies released Gidget (1959) on high-definition Blu-ray as a limited edition (3000 copies) release.


title: Gidget (film)

text: The film received a 1960 Golden Laurel Award nomination for Top Female Comedy Performance for actress Sandra Dee.


title: Falling in Love (1984 film)

text: Falling in Love is a 1984 American romantic drama film directed by Ulu Grosbard, written by Michael Cristofer, and starring Robert De Niro and Meryl Streep. The film received mixed reviews, and was a box office bomb.


title: Falling in Love (1984 film)

text: On Christmas Eve, commercial artist Molly Gilmore and architectural engineer Frank Raftis are last-minute Christmas shopping in Manhattan. Frank meets his colleague Ed for drinks; Ed tells Frank he is getting divorced. Molly sees her friend Isabelle, who is married, but plans to spend Christmas with another man; Molly also visits her sick father. Later that day, at the counter in a hectic bookstore, Frank and Molly get their packages mixed up, and on Christmas Day, Molly's husband, Brian, and Frank's wife, Ann, each opens the book that was meant for the other.


title: Falling in Love (1984 film)

text: Three months later, Frank and Molly, who commute into Manhattan from adjacent stops on the Metro-North Hudson Line, run into each other on the morning train. They struggle to place each other, but eventually Frank remembers, and reminds her of the confusion over the books. Later that day, Frank's boss asks him to take a post in Houston. Molly visits her father in hospital. Molly tells Isabelle about Frank; Frank tells Ed about Molly. That evening, Frank waits for Molly at Grand Central Terminal. They talk, and agree to meet on the morning train later that week.


title: Falling in Love (1984 film)

text: Against their better judgement, Frank and Molly grow closer. They see more and more of each other until, one afternoon, Frank takes Molly to Ed's apartment. They begin to make love, but Molly cannot go through with it. They agree that they must stop seeing each other.


title: Falling in Love (1984 film)

text: When Molly returns home that day, Brian gives her the news that her father has died. At the funeral, she has a panic attack. Convalescing, she tells Isabelle that it isn't grief for her father that she is suffering, but the loss of Frank. Meanwhile, Frank agrees to take the job in Houston. He tells Ann about Molly, throwing the future of their marriage into question.


title: Falling in Love (1984 film)

text: On the night he is due to leave, Frank calls Molly at home. Frank asks to see her before he goes, but as Brian stands listening, she ends the call. Unable to resist, she tells Brian she must see Frank one more time, and rushes to her car. Driving fast in the pouring rain, she nearly collides with a train at a crossing, and misses her chance. Meanwhile Frank tries to call her again but her husband answers the phone and says she doesn't want to talk to Frank.


title: Falling in Love (1984 film)

text: Some time later, once more in the run up to Christmas, Frank meets Ed and tells him that he and Ann are now separated. Molly meets Isabelle, and it is clear from their conversation that her marriage to Brian has failed too. Frank makes a stop at the bookstore where he and Molly first met. Molly is there at the same time. They talk but, uncertain how things now stand between them, go their separate ways. Walking away from the store, Frank stops, turns, and runs after her. A short time later on a crowded train out of Grand Central, he finds her again. They embrace.


title: Falling in Love (1984 film)

text: There are scenes in locations including Manhattan Place, Rizzoli Bookstore, the Hudson River train line, Englewood, New Jersey, and Dobbs Ferry, New York.


title: 99 (2019 film)

text: 99 is a 2019 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film directed by Preetham Gubbi and produced by Ramu. The film stars Ganesh and Bhavana. It was released on 1 May 2019. In spite of being a remake of the 2018 Tamil film "96", the film was dubbed in the same language as "99".


title: 99 (2019 film)

text: Ramachandra aka Ram is a travel photographer. He visits his high school and is overcome by memories. So, a reunion is arranged through their school WhatsApp group. At the reunion, his friends Murali, Shubha and Sathish catch up with him. Murali hesitantly mentions that Janaki aka Jaanu (Ram's childhood sweetheart) is coming from Singapore.


title: 99 (2019 film)

text: In 1999, Ram and Jaanu have been friends and classmates in tenth grade. Jaanu is a talented singer. Ram develops a love for Jaanu and she reciprocates. Once their board exams are over, they have a moment with each other where Jaanu asks him not to forget her until they meet again after the holidays.


title: 99 (2019 film)

text: Jaanu (Bhavana) arrives at the reunion and searches for Ram. When Shubha points Ram's location to her, Jaanu walks towards him. She reminisces the first day of 10th grade when she eagerly awaits Ram's arrival to the classroom, but he doesn't show up. She finds that Ram has left the school because his father had financial difficulties and his family relocated to Banglore overnight. Jaanu is inconsolable and pines for Ram until she completes school.


title: 99 (2019 film)

text: Ram and Jaanu finally meet and find it uncomfortable to interact with each other, but gradually get along. Their friends talk about Jaanu's married life in Singapore and disclose that Ram is still single and has not moved on. After the reunion party, both go out on a drive. Jaanu reveals how she could not forget Ram and would have traded anything just to have met him once back then. She narrates how circumstances forced her to marry someone else. Then, Ram asks Jaanu if she really does not remember the day he came to her college to meet her. Ram says that he and Murali waited in front of Jaanu's college to meet her and passed on a message through a student. Surprisingly, Jaanu refused to meet Ram and forbade him to contact her again. He returned sadly and never tried to meet her since then. Jaanu is devastated listening to this and reveals that she never saw them at her college and thought it was her stalker who was troubling her. Ram tells that except for the mistake of assuming that she hated him, he knew everything about her life. He also tells about seeing her from afar at her wedding. Jaanu is heartbroken because she felt his presence and expected him to come for her until the last minute. Both feel sad about their misfortune and finally come to terms with everything that happened in their lives. Jaanu expresses her desire to spend the final few hours with Ram before she catches the flight back home.


title: 99 (2019 film)

text: They go out into the city and then to a restaurant and catch up on more memories. There, they meet Ram's photography students who assume Jaanu is his wife and request her to share their story. Jaanu obliges and narrates an improvised version of the time when Ram tried to meet Jaanu at her college. She tells about how they finally met and made up and have been together ever since and got married. Ram feels awkward but tries his best to go along. The students leave and Ram and Jaanu get wet in the rain. So he asks her to visit his apartment to freshen up.


title: 99 (2019 film)

text: At his apartment, Jaanu is visibly upset that Ram does not have a love life and requests him to move on and get married and have a family. She finally sings Ram's favorite song for him, a song that she had purposefully avoided singing in school in spite of his repeated requests. Ram shows Jaanu a collection of their old memories like love poems, dried flowers and their school uniforms. They realize that time is running out and go back to Jaanu's hotel to get ready for her flight in a few hours. Jaanu is sad knowing that she will leave Bengaluru and Ram very soon. At the airport, Ram escorts her till the boarding gate and they bid a teary farewell. Jaanu then gets into the flight and leaves.


title: 99 (2019 film)

text: Back at his home, Ram finds Jaanu's clothes that he had put to dry the previous night. He folds them neatly, puts them along with his treasured collection of school memories and shuts the suitcase and screen cuts to black.


title: 99 (2019 film)

text: "99", a remake of the Tamil film "96" (2018), is directed by C. Premkumar, this being the first remake he directed. It is produced by Ramu of Ramufilms, and has cinematography by Santhosh Rai Pathaje. Principal photography began on 17 December 2018, and was expected to conclude by late January 2019. The title "99" was chosen because of Gubbi's friendship with Ganesh which began in 1999, when they were in college. Bhavana agreed to join the film because she knew that the combination of Gubbi and Ganesh would guarantee success. The first schedule of the film was shot in Puttur.


title: 99 (2019 film)

text: The soundtrack is composed by Arjun Janya. This will be his 100th soundtrack. The audio rights were sold to Anand Audio for . The song "Heege Doora" was released as a single on 4 March 2019.


title: Mike Bell (wrestler)

text: Michael Bell (March 18, 1971 – December 14, 2008) was an American professional wrestler who worked for the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and the original Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) as Mike "Mad Dog" Bell. He was the brother of Mark Bell and Chris Bell director of the 2008 documentary, "Bigger, Stronger, Faster", and the 2015 follow up documentary, "Prescription Thugs", in which Mike Bell's life and death by prescription drugs are explored.


title: Mike Bell (wrestler)

text: Michael Bell was born on March 18, 1971 in Poughkeepsie, New York. He struggled with weight issues as a child and was called "Pugsley" whenever he entered his school bus, which inspired him to begin weight lifting and playing football. Bell got his nickname “Mad Dog” by beating up the bullies that teased him during school. Eventually, Bell became captain of his high school football team, and enrolled at the University of Cincinnati on a football scholarship. Bell played Division I football until a knee injury ended his aspirations.


title: Mike Bell (wrestler)

text: In college, when Bell thought he was no longer his football team's biggest and strongest player, he switched to wrestling as he grew up watching the sport. He and his brothers would often imitate the moves they saw on television. He was trained by David Schultz and Paul Roma.


title: Mike Bell (wrestler)

text: Bell worked as a jobber for WWE (then-designated, the World Wrestling Federation, or, WWF) during the early-1990s, even performing on its flagship TV show, "Monday Night Raw". Like many jobbers of that era, Bell worked on a match-by-match substructure for the WWF, never being under continuous contract with the promotion. He would occasionally tag team with fellow jobber Tony DeVito, even teaming with him upon Bell's debut, where they lost to The Natural Disasters.


title: Mike Bell (wrestler)

text: Bell faced various wrestlers such as The Undertaker, Razor Ramon, The 1-2-3 Kid, and Owen Hart, all in a losing effort. During his time in the company, he additionally used steroids to stand out against the other wrestlers, but this further led to increasing drug use and depression. This was featured in the documentary "Bigger, Stronger, Faster". It can also be seen in "Prescription Thugs", a documentary created by his brother about prescription drug abuse in America. As the company stopped calling and Bell never obtained a full time contract, he said "I had a bottle of liquid lead, a bottle of nyquil, and like four boxes of sleeping pills. I went down to the river, down by the railroad tracks, parked my car and took everything. There’s no way I should be alive right now", indicating he was going to commit suicide.


title: Mike Bell (wrestler)

text: Aside from his run in the 90s, Bell was best known in the wrestling community for an incident with Perry Saturn during a taped WWF match for Jakked/Metal on May 17, 2001. Bell and Saturn both botched a snapmare armdrag, causing Saturn to land on the mat head first. Saturn legitimately attacked Bell in retaliation for this perceived lack of professionalism and in-ring ethic, at one point tossing Bell out of the ring and causing Bell himself to land on his head on the safety mat. Neither performer sustained serious injury, and both were able to resume their respective roles and finish the match as planned, without most spectators realizing what had actually happened. Saturn would be punished by management for the incident as he would suffer a kayfabe concussion and fall in love with a mop aptly named Moppy. Bell's final match with the company was on October 13, 2003, where he and brother Mark teamed up to face Garrison Cade and Mark Jindrak in a losing effort.


title: Mike Bell (wrestler)

text: Bell later worked with the original ECW. He performed at the Mid-Hudson Civic Center during his time in the company. He faced the likes of Chilly Willy, Matt Bentley, and Balls Mahoney in 2000, and Billy Wiles in 2001, all in a losing effort.


title: Mike Bell (wrestler)

text: In Eastern Wrestling Alliance, Bell and Tony DeVito reunited to form The Pasagoula Shipbuilders. They constantly lost to The Power Company, a tag team consisting of Dave Power and Dean Power. Bell won his first ever title in Ultimate Pro Wrestling, the heavyweight championship, by defeating Aaron Baker. He also teamed with brother Mark as Hell's Bells, where they lost to The Definition Of Pain and The Big Time. He was defeated by King Kong Bundy in USA Wrestling during its Mikey Whipwreck retirement show. He was defeated by Psycho Sam and Tom Marquez at ICW No Holds Barred.


title: Mike Bell (wrestler)

text: He was defeated by Phoenix in the North American Wrestling Alliance. In the World Wrestling Alliance, he defeated Danger and Vik Dalishus, also defeating The Texas Outlaw & Dalishus while teaming with Diablo Santiago. He also defeated Ronnie Garvin. At Assault Championship Wrestling, he defeated Shamir Hussein and Luis Ortiz. At Ohio Valley Wrestling, he lost to Big Bad John and the tag team Adrenaline. Hell's Bell's were defeated by Johnny Jeter & Seven, and Bell lost a 2,500 Dollar Battle Royale. At Defiant Pro Wrestling, he was defeated by his former partner Tony DeVito. His final match was at Ultimate Pro Wrestling, a four corners match, where he was defeated by Kid Vicious, on January 27, 2007.


title: Mike Bell (wrestler)

text: On December 14, 2008, he was found dead at a rehabilitation facility in Costa Mesa, California. It was ruled that he died of an inhalation-induced heart attack brought on by inhalation of difluoroethane in Dust-Off, a compressed gas product used for cleaning objects such as computer keyboards. Bell was 37 years old.


title: Mike Bell (wrestler)

text: Following his death, his brother Chris said "He was always wrestling, he was a personal trainer, he was always pushing his body to the max. You can’t really blame wrestling, but it’s kind of the lifestyle." “You have a couple of painkillers to get to the next match, have a couple drinks night to night and it gets out of hand." WWE released a statement saying "Although Mr. Bell was never under a WWE contract, WWE extends its deepest condolences to the Bell family."


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: Korea's drinking culture reveals much about its social structure, lifestyle, and traditions. The beverages themselves are also reflective of the country's geography, climate, and cultures.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: Korea's interest in creating its own alcohol came about during the Koryo Dynasty (946–943), when exposure to foreign cultures and the introduction of distilled water created the basis and technique for distilling a unique alcohol.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: Alcohol drinking in Korea helps create and form ties between family members and friends. Drinking is very present throughout traditional family rituals such as honoring ancestors. Aside from traditional holiday and family ritual drinking, alcohol consumption has modernized and become a huge part of socialization in Korean culture.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: Korea has a long tradition of consuming alcohol to celebrate holidays and seasonal events, in which they honor ancestors and exchange goodwill with neighbors and friends. Some of the holidays included New Year, Rice planting day and Korea's Day of Thanks.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: Drinking alcohol is often correlated with a season's passing and its related farming activities. Once the harvest has ended farmers would spend their downtime brewing and fermenting alcohol as they looked forward to the spring.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: Korean field workers often drank a glass of rice-wine (Takju) accompanied by a light breakfast snack (Saecham) before they left for the fields in the morning. Traditional Korean music (Nongak) would play while they worked.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: Upon the new year Korean ancestors consumed Soju to drive out disease and bad spirits, the word 'Soju' meaning a welcoming spring. One type of Soju is called Dosoju, made with medicinal herbs and refined rice wine.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: Alcohol consumption was also used to medicate both adults and children during illnesses. Because alcohol was held in such high regard, Korean ancestors took great pains to pass down drinking customs from generation to generation.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: The 15th day of the New Year according to the lunar calendar is a traditional Korean holiday. Many attend moon-viewing events all over the country for the new year's first full moon. On that night, Koreans drink Daeboreium or "ear-quickening wine" in hopes of hearing good news quickly for the next year. While children do not drink the alcohol they are encouraged to place their lips to the glass, then pour the wine in a chimney to deter sickness and vaporization. Each region gave their own name to the beverage.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: The fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar is called ‘Dano’. This is an important holiday and celebrates the transplanting of rice seedlings and the time of year when yin energy is weakest and yang energy is strongest.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: The custom during ‘Dano’ was/is to hold a memorial service for their ancestors and toast the day with a drink mixed with sweet flag called "Changpoju." The properties in the drink were said to dispel evil spirits, providing escape from misfortune and promote health and longevity.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: During this era most Koreans practiced Confucianism which prohibited women and certain other members of society from drinking alcohol or pouring it for someone else. However, in modern times anyone can partake in the customs.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: Koreans have strict rules of etiquette in drinking alcoholic beverages. When receiving a glass from an elder, one must hold the glass with two hands (left palm at the bottom and hold the glass with the right hand) and bow the head slightly. When it is time to drink, the drinker must turn away from the elder, and cover the mouth and glass with their hands. The first drink must be finished in one shot. When the glass is empty, the drinker hands it back to the person who poured the drink for them and the drinker then pours them a shot. This starts a series of glass and bottle passes around the table.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: By the middle of 1300s, manners and culture of drinking came into Korea. There are many manners about drinking alcohol in Korea. Among them is a typical manner of drinking culture called Hyangeumjurye()'. It was an event that saw many classical and Confucian scholars gather and drink, learning drinking manners. It also meant that people had to respect benevolent persons and support old men. It was held every October.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: Within 'Hyanguemjurye', the most important thing about Korea drinking culture is manners. Koreans believed drinking etiquette is important. When people become of age to drink alcohol, they are taught how to drink with other people by elders, because Korean ancestors thought that pouring and receiving drinks was important over the bowl.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: In Korea, it is traditional that when a person gives an alcoholic drink to another adult, the person has to offer the drink respectfully with two hands. When pouring a drink, the bottle should be held with the right hand, and the wrist of your right hand held lightly with the left hand. It is customary to wait until the glass is empty to pour another.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: There is also a tradition for receiving drinks. When receiving drinks, the same etiquette applies when pouring drinks. When elders give alcohol to a younger person, the younger person should receive the drink politely and with gratitude by saying "thank you". The next step is to hit the bottle, and then put it down. This pleases the elders. Also, when drinking beer, it is proper for the younger drinker to turn their head, so as to not directly face the elders when drinking.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: As society developed, the drinking culture started to change. In the past, people drank on specific days like New Year's, but presently alcohol can be consumed regardless of the occasion. The goal of drinking parties is to promote good fellowship and open one's heart to talking. Some other aspects are beginning to adapt to modern ways as well; Koreans are changing to enjoy drinking all kinds of alcohol. They also like to make special cocktails like "bomb drink" or "poktanju". A "bomb drink" is a mixed drink similar to the American boilermaker—a whiskey shot sunk into a glass of beer. In Korea, many people like "poktanju". Examples are soju and (maekju) beer = Somaek, foreign liquors and beers, and soju, beer and coke (kojingamlae). Poktanju makes people inebriated fairly quickly; nevertheless, people enjoy drinking it and drink it bottoms up. There are many Poktanju, with many new ones becoming famous, including 'red eye' and 'meakkiss', and commonly mix alcohol with other liquids such as milk, tomato juice, coke and coffee.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: According to a 2018 WHO report, citizens of the Republic of Korea drink 16L of alcohol per capita per year. The “bottoms-up” approach to drinking translates to drinking one-shot at a time rather than drinking a little sip each time. Whether drinking casually with a guest or binge drinking, statistics gathered on Koreans have categorized drinking occasions in to five different types: going out with friends (44.2%), going out with colleagues (34.2%), drinking at home or friend’s home (29.3%), drinking at home alone, and drinking with meals at home (27.5%). Regardless of the setting, drinking has become a major part of modern Korean socialization. A large majority of Korean people have regarded drinking as a necessary element of social life. Whether it’s during a time of joy, happiness, or stress, Koreans often drink until they are drunk.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: Drinking plays an important role in workplace socialization in Korean culture. One of the most important forms of socialization in Korean organizations is hoesik or "dining together". Hoesik and "bottoms-up sessions" are time for employees to gather and encourage each other to consume alcohol. These drinking sessions help promote and influence idea sharing and building of social networks. It has been reported that a typical job application form will even ask applicants to reveal whether or not they drink alcohol and if so, how much do they consume. Also part of the application process is the so-called "alcohol interview", where the applicant is given several shots of alcohol to consume. This will determine their alcohol tolerance and will see if they are someone who will work well with the organization.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: Aside from the enjoyment and high spirits that Koreans desire from partaking in frequent drinking, many employees consume alcohol to help alleviate high amounts of stress. The culture of binge drinking, which is defined as having six to seven drinks on one occasion, is closely associated with relieving elevated levels of stress. Reports have shown that more than 50% of Koreans who drink, do so to help release their stress.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: Although drinking culture in Korea has developed a “one shot at time” and “bottoms-up” approach, the Korean Government has started a campaign to intervene and decrease heavy drinking. According to the campaign, people were urged to not mix their drinks, refrain from bar-hopping, and to return to their homes by 9 pm. Hoesik may be one of the main organization socialization processes in Korea, but it also has negative impacts on employee welfare, productivity, and work environment. Frequent binge drinking may result in low work productivity due to tardiness, hangovers, or pure work avoidance. To help encourage healthier drinking habits, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety had created a website called "sullae jabgi," which provides Koreans information on how to enjoy alcohol without threatening one’s well-being.


title: Drinking culture of Korea

text: Drinking is the second leading cause of a decline in health for Koreans. The World Health Organization has identified drinking as a major factor affecting health-related quality of life. According to statistics, the leading cause of death in Korea was cancer. Liver cancer and other liver disease were among the top 10 causes of death in Korea. An increasing number of Koreans are also being diagnosed with osteonecrosis, with the leading cause being excessive alcohol consumption.


title: 38 cm SK C/34 naval gun

text: The 38 cm SK C/34 naval gun was developed by Germany mid to late 1930s. It armed the s and was planned as the armament of the s and the re-armed s. Six twin-gun mountings were also sold to the Soviet Union and it was planned to use them on the s, however they were never delivered. Spare guns were used as coastal artillery in Denmark, Norway and France. One gun and one barrel is currently on display at respectively Møvig Fortress outside Kristiansand and Bunkermuseum Hanstholm, Denmark.


title: 38 cm SK C/34 naval gun

text: It used the standard German naval system of ammunition where the base charge was held in a metallic cartridge case and supplemented by another charge in a silk bag. Both cartridges were crammed together.


title: 38 cm SK C/34 naval gun

text: Four types of shells were used by the "38 cm SK C/34" although the "Siegfried-Granate" could only be used by the coast defense versions. Almost 40 percent lighter, this latter shell could be fired with a reduced charge at out to . With a full charge it reached and could travel – over 34 miles.


title: 38 cm SK C/34 naval gun

text: The data given is according to Krupp datasheet 38 cm S.K.C/34 e WA52-453(e). This gun was mounted in pairs in the "Drh.L. C/34e" turret which allowed elevation from -5° 30' to +30°. Each gun had an individual cradle, spaced apart, but they were normally coupled together. In general the turret was hydraulically powered, but the training gear, auxiliary elevation, auxiliary hoists and some loading gear was electrically powered. The turrets weighed to , rested on ball bearings on a diameter track, could elevate 6° per second and traverse 5.4° per second. The guns were loaded at +2.5° and used a telescoping chain-operated rammer. According to German manuals the required permanent capacity for the loading equipment for ammunition was 3 shells per minute. During testing period at the Baltic Sea the AVKS Report states an output of the ammunition delivery system up to 3.125 shells per minute. Under battle conditions "Bismarck" averaged roughly one round per minute in her battle with and .


title: 38 cm SK C/34 naval gun

text: Sixteen guns were used for and and six were ordered for when she was to be re-armed in 1942. Six were intended for each of the s, but it is uncertain how many of these last were actually delivered. Six mountings with twelve guns were sold to the Soviet Union who planned to use them on two s, but these were never delivered. Surplus guns were used as coast defense guns.


title: 38 cm SK C/34 naval gun

text: During repairs after Operation Tungsten, the 38 cm SK C/34 naval guns of the "Tirpitz" were modified to allow their use against aircraft, being supplied with specially-fuzed 38 cm shells for barrage anti aircraft fire, in a manner similar to the Japanese San Shiki "Beehive" shells fired by the "Yamato"-class and other battleships. "Tirpitz" fired her main battery against Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm aircraft in Operations Planet, Brawn, Tiger Claw, Mascot and Goodwood. In Operations Paravane, Obviate, and Catechism, "Tirpitz"s 38 cm fragmentation shells proved ineffective in countering the Royal Air Force's high-level bombers.


title: 38 cm SK C/34 naval gun

text: These guns were modified with a larger chamber for coast defense duties to handle the increased amount of propellant used for the special long-range "Siegfried" shells. Gander and Chamberlain quote a weight of for these guns, presumably accounting for the extra volume of the enlarged chamber. An armored single mount, the "Bettungsschiessgerüst" ("Firing platform") "C/39" was used by these guns. It had a maximum elevation of 60° and could traverse up to 360°, depending on the emplacement. The "C/39" mount had two compartments; the upper housed the guns and their loading equipment, while the lower contained the ammunition hoists, their motors, and the elevation and traverse motors. The mount was fully powered and had an underground magazine. Normally these were placed in open concrete barbettes, relying on their armor, but Hitler thought that there was not enough protection for the guns of Battery "Todt" emplaced on Cap-Gris-Nez in the Pas de Calais near Wimereux and ordered a concrete casemate thick built over and around the mounts. This had the effect of limiting their traverse to 120°. Other C/39 mounts were installed at the Hanstholm fortress in Denmark, and the Vara fortress in Kristiansand, Norway.


title: 38 cm SK C/34 naval gun

text: Four "Drh LC/34" turrets, three of which were originally intended to re-arm the "Gneisenau" and one completed to the Soviet order, modified for land service, were planned to be emplaced at Paimpol, Brittany and on the Cap de la Hague on the Cotentin Peninsula, but construction never actually began. Construction for two of those turrets was well underway at Blaavand-Oksby, Denmark when the war ended.


title: 38 cm SK C/34 naval gun

text: Some guns also saw service as 38 cm Siegfried K (E) railroad guns, one of these being captured by American forces during the Rhône Valley campaign in 1944.


title: 38 cm SK C/34 naval gun

text: The first time these guns were used in combat was when the German battleship sailed out to hunt convoys alongside the heavy cruiser "Prinz Eugen" in May 1941. Enroute was countered by the British heavy cruisers "Norfolk" and "Suffolk", where 38-cm gun were fired in anger for the first time in the war, warding off the two heavy cruisers (although the blast of them disabled Bismarck's radar). Soon afterwards, the British battleships and engaged Bismarck, and Bismarck's guns were fired in anger again, sinking with a single hit. With "Hood" sunk, Bismarck turned her attention to "Prince of Wales", hitting her three times and, alongside "Prinz Eugen", sent her running off. They would be fired again when "Bismarck" was attacked by Fairey Swordfish torpedo bombers, where they were fired into the water to create massive splashes in order blow away the British bombers. After Bismarck sustained a rudder jam and she was attacked by the British battleships "King George V" and "Rodney". They would be fired but would claim no hits as they were all destroyed by 14-inch (356 mm) and 16-inch (406 mm) gunfire.


title: 38 cm SK C/34 naval gun

text: A few years later, on September 7th, 1943, the German battleship "Tirpitz" used her 38-cm guns to bombard the island Spitzbergen. Fifty-two 38-cm shells were fired, and several shore instalments were destroyed, and 74 soldiers were killed.


title: Article 35A of the Constitution of India

text: empowered the Jammu and Kashmir state's legislature to define "permanent residents" of the state and provide special rights and privileges to them. It was added to the Constitution through a Presidential Order, i.e., The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954 – issued by the President of India under Article 370. The state of Jammu and Kashmir defined these privileges to include the ability to purchase land and immovable property, ability to vote and contest elections, seeking government employment and availing other state benefits such as higher education and health care. Non-permanent residents of the state, even if Indian citizens, were not entitled to these 'privileges'.


text: The provisions facilitated by the Article 35A and the state's permanent resident laws have been criticised over the years for their discriminatory nature, including the hardships imposed on immigrant workers, refugees from West Pakistan, and the State's own female residents, who could lose their permanent resident status by marrying out of state.


text: On 5 August 2019, the President of India Ram Nath Kovind issued a new Presidential Order, whereby all the provisions of the Indian Constitution were made to apply to the State without any special provisions. This implied that the State's separate Constitution stood inoperative, including the privileges allowed by the Article 35A.


text: Prior to 1947, Jammu and Kashmir was a princely state under the British Paramountcy. The people of the princely states were "state subjects", not British colonial subjects. In the case of Jammu and Kashmir, the political movements in the state in the early 20th century led to the emergence of "hereditary state subject" as a political identity for the State's people. In particular, the Pandit community had launched a "Kashmir for the Kashmiris" movement demanding that only Kashmiris should be employed in state government jobs. Legal provisions for the recognition of the status were enacted by the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir between 1912 and 1932. The 1927 Hereditary State Subject Order granted to the state subjects the right to government office and the right to land use and ownership, which were not available to non-state subjects.


text: With the 1927 order, one could become a state subject under class III after 10 years of permanent residence. Another order was given on June 27th 1932, which reiterated the 10 year demand for "foreign nationals".


text: Following the accession of Jammu and Kashmir to the Indian Union on 26 October 1947, The Maharaja ceded control over defence, external affairs and communications (the 'ceded subjects') to the Government of India . The Article 370 of the Constitution of India and the concomitant Constitutional Order of 1950 formalised this relationship. Discussions for furthering the relationship between the State and the Union continued, culminating in the 1952 Delhi Agreement, whereby the governments of the State and the Union agreed that Indian citizenship would be extended to all the residents of the state but the state would be empowered to legislate over the rights and privileges of the state subjects, who would now be called "permanent residents".


text: In his statement to the Lok Sabha on the Delhi agreement, Nehru has said:The question of citizenship arose obviously. Full citizenship applies there. But our friends from Kashmir were very apprehensive about one or two matters. For a long time past, in the Maharaja's time, there had been laws there preventing any outsider, that is, any person from outside Kashmir, from acquiring or holding land in Kashmir. If I mention it, in the old days the Maharaja was very much afraid of a large number of Englishmen coming and settling down there, because the climate is delectable, and acquiring property. So although most of their rights were taken away from the Maharaja under the British rule, the Maharaja stuck to this that nobody from outside should acquire land there. And that continues. So the present Government of Kashmir is very anxious to preserve that right because they are afraid, and I think rightly afraid, that Kashmir would be overrun by people whose sole qualification might be the possession of too much money and nothing else, who might buy up, and get the delectable places. Now they want to vary the old Maharaja's laws to liberalise it, but nevertheless to have checks on the acquisition of lands by persons from outside. However, we agree that this should be cleared up. The old state's subjects definition gave certain privileges regarding this acquisition of land, the services, and other minor things, I think, State scholarships and the rest.


text: So, we agreed and noted this down: 'The State legislature shall have power to define and regulate the rights and privileges of the permanent residents of the State, more especially in regard to the acquisition of immovable property, appointments to services and like matters. Till then the existing State law should apply.'


text: Following the adoption of the provisions of the Delhi Agreement by the Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir, the President of India issued The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954, through which Indian citizenship was extended to the residents of the state, and simultaneously the Article 35A was inserted into the Indian constitution enabling the State legislature to define the privileges of the permanent residents.


text: "Saving of laws with respect to permanent residents and their rights. — Notwithstanding anything contained in this Constitution, no existing law in force in the State of Jammu and Kashmir, and no law hereafter enacted by the Legislature of the State:


text: (a) defining the classes of persons who are, or shall be, permanent residents of the State of Jammu and Kashmir; or


text: (b) conferring on such permanent residents any special rights and privileges or imposing upon other persons any restrictions as respects—


text: shall be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with or takes away or abridges any rights conferred on the other citizens of India by any provision of this part."


text: The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954 was issued by President Rajendra Prasad under Article 370, with the advice of the Union Government headed by Jawaharlal Nehru. It was enacted as a subsequent to the '1952 Delhi agreement', reached between Nehru and the then Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir Sheikh Abdullah, which dealt with the extension of Indian citizenship to the Jammu and Kashmir "state subjects".


text: The state was empowered, both in the Instrument of Accession and the Article 370, to decree exceptions to any extension of the Indian Constitution to the state, other than in the matter of ceded subjects. So Article 35A wa seen as an exception authorised by the Article 370, clause(1)(d).


text: Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad of the Jammu and Kashmir National Conference was the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir at the time of the 1954 Presidential order.


text: The Jammu and Kashmir Constitution, which was adopted by the Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly on 17 November 1956, defined a Permanent Resident (PR) of the state as a person who was a state subject on 14 May 1954, or who has been a resident of the state for 10 years, and has "lawfully acquired immovable property in the state". The Jammu and Kashmir state legislature could alter the definition of permanent residents or modify the privileges applicable to them through a law passed with two-thirds majority.


text: The State Constituent Assembly incorporated these discriminatory provisions under Section 51 (Qualifications for membership of the Legislature – "A person shall not be qualified to be chosen to fill a seat in the Legislature unless he is a Permanent Resident of the State"), Section 127 (Transitional provisions – "Until other provision is made in this behalf under this Constitution, all the laws in force immediately before the commencement of this Constitution and applicable to any public service or any post which continues to exist after the commencement of this Constitution, as service or post under the State, shall continue in force so far-as consistent with the provisions of this Constitution") and Section 140 ("The elections to the Legislative Assembly shall be on the basis of adult suffrage; that is to say, every person who is a permanent resident of the State and who is not less than Eighteen years of age on such date ..."), etc.


text: As a result of these provisions, no person who was not a Permanent Resident of Jammu and Kashmir could own property in Jammu and Kashmir, obtain a job in the Jammu and Kashmir Government, join any professional college run by government of Jammu and Kashmir, or get any form of government aid from government funds.


text: On 5 August 2019, the Union Government revocated the special status granted to Jammu and Kashmir under the Article 370 through a Presidential Order, and made the entire Constitution of India applicable to the state. This implied that the Article 35A stood abolished. Further, the Union Parliament passed legislation reorganising the state into two union territories, one being Jammu and Kashmir, the other Ladakh.


text: The union territory of Jammu and Kashmir continued under the old laws until 31 March 2020, while being under President's Rule. On 31 March, the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (Department of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Affairs) passed the "Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation (Adaptation of State Laws) Order, 2020", repealing 29 state laws and amending 109 laws of Jammu and Kashmir.


text: Among the amended laws is the "Jammu and Kashmir Civil Services (Decentralization and Recruitment) Act 2010". References to "permanent resident of the State" in the Act were substituted by the new concept of "domicile" in the union territory.


text: According to the order any person who has stayed in Jammu and Kashmir for 15 years or has studied for a period of seven years and appeared in Class 10th/12th examination in the territory will be deemed to have domicile in Jammu and Kashmir. Children of central government officials and others who have served in Jammu and Kashmir for a period of 10 years and their children also have domicile status.


text: A person registered as a migrant by the Relief and Rehabilitation Commissioner (Migrants) can also apply for domicile benefits.


text: In the original Order of 31 March, only subordinate posts in the Jammu and Kashmir government were reserved for domiciled residents. The higher level posts were made available to outsiders. Following protests and criticism, a Second Order was issued on 3 April 2020, reserving all posts of Jammu and Kashmir to domiciled residents. A new order on 19 May called the "Jammu and Kashmir Grant of Domicile Certificate (Procedure) Rules 2020" was passed"."


title: Michael Bentine

text: Michael Bentine, (born Michael James Bentin; 26 January 1922 – 26 November 1996) was a British comedian, comic actor and founding member of the Goons. His father was a Peruvian Briton.


title: Michael Bentine

text: Bentine was born in Watford, Hertfordshire, to a Peruvian father, Adam Bentin, and a British mother, Florence Dawkins, and grew up in Folkestone, Kent. He was educated at Eton College. With the help of speech trainer, Harry Burgess, he learned to manage a stammer and subsequently developed an interest in amateur theatricals, along with the Tomlinson family, including the young David Tomlinson. He spoke fluent Spanish and French.


title: Michael Bentine

text: His father was an early aeronautical engineer for the Sopwith Aviation Company during and after World War I and invented a tension meter for setting the tension on aircraft rigging wires.


title: Michael Bentine

text: In World War II, he volunteered for all services when the war broke out (the RAF was his first choice owing to the influence of his father's experience), but was initially rejected because of his father's nationality.


title: Michael Bentine

text: He started his acting career in 1940, in a touring company in Cardiff playing a juvenile lead in "Sweet Lavender". He went on to join Robert Atkins' Shakespearean company in Regent's Park, London, until he was called up for service in the RAF. He was appearing in a Shakespearean play in doublet and hose in the open-air theatre in London's Hyde Park when two RAF Police NCO's marched on stage and arrested him for desertion. Unknown to him, an RAF conscription notice had been following him for a month as his company toured.


title: Michael Bentine

text: Once in the RAF he went through flying training. He was the penultimate man going through a medical line receiving inoculations for typhoid with the other flight candidates in his class (they were going to Canada to receive new aircraft) when the vaccine ran out. They refilled the bottle to inoculate him and the other man as well. By mistake they loaded a pure culture of typhoid. The other man died immediately, and Bentine was in a coma for six weeks. When he regained consciousness his eyesight was ruined, leaving him myopic for the rest of his life. Since he was no longer physically qualified for flying, he was transferred to RAF Intelligence and seconded to MI9, a unit that was dedicated to supporting resistance movements and helping prisoners escape. His immediate superior was the Colditz escapee Airey Neave.


title: Michael Bentine

text: At the end of the war, he took part in the liberation of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. He said about this experience:


title: Michael Bentine

text: Millions of words have been written about these horror camps, many of them by inmates of those unbelievable places. I’ve tried, without success, to describe it from my own point of view, but the words won’t come. To me Belsen was the ultimate blasphemy. ("The Reluctant Jester", Chapter 17.)


title: Michael Bentine

text: After the war Bentine decided to become a comedian and worked in the Windmill Theatre where he met Harry Secombe. He specialised in off-the-wall humour, often involving cartoons and other types of animation. His acts included giving lectures in an invented language called Slobodian, "Imaginative Young Man with a Walking Stick" and "The Chairback", with a broken chairback having a number of uses from comb to machine gun and taking on a demoniacal life of its own. Peter Sellers told him this was the inspiration for the prosthetic arm routine in "Dr Strangelove". This act led to his engagement by Val Parnell to appear in the Starlight Roof revues starring Vic Oliver, where he met and married his second wife Clementina, with whom he had four children. Also on the bill were Fred Emney and a young Julie Andrews.


title: Michael Bentine

text: Bentine co-created "The Goon Show" radio show with Spike Milligan, Peter Sellers and Harry Secombe, but appeared in only the first 38 shows on the BBC Light Programme from 1951 to 1953. The first of these shows were actually called "Those Crazy People" and subtitled "The Junior Crazy Gang"; the term "Goon" was used as the headline of a review of Bentine's act by "Picture Post" dated 5 November 1948. Only one of this first series (and very few of the following three in which he did not appear) has survived, the rest of the original disc recordings having apparently been destroyed or discarded as no longer usable, so there is almost no record of his work as a radio "Goon". He also appeared in the 1952 "Goon Show" film "Down Among the Z Men".


title: Michael Bentine

text: In 1951 Bentine was invited to the United States to appear on "The Ed Sullivan Show". On his return he parted amicably from his partners and continued touring in variety, remaining close to Secombe and Sellers for the rest of his life. In 1972, Secombe and Sellers told Michael Parkinson that Bentine was "always calling everyone a genius" and, since he was the only one of the four with a "proper education", they always believed him.


title: Michael Bentine

text: His first appearances on television were as presenter on a 13-part children's series featuring remote controlled puppets, "The Bumblies", which he also devised, designed and wrote. These were three small creatures from outer space who slept on "Professor Bentine's" ceiling and who had come to Earth to learn the ways of Earthling children. Angelo de Calferta modelled the puppets from Bentine's designs and Richard Dendy moulded them in latex rubber. He sold the series to the BBC for less than they had cost to make. He then spent two years touring in Australia (1954–55).


title: Michael Bentine

text: On his return to Britain in 1954, he worked as a scriptwriter for Peter Sellers and then on 39 episodes of his own radio show "Round the Bend in 30 Minutes", which has also been wiped from the BBC archive. He then teamed up with Dick Lester to devise a series of six TV programmes "Before Midnight" for ABC Weekend TV in Birmingham in 1958. This led to a 13-programme series called "After Hours" in which he appeared alongside Dick Emery, Clive Dunn, David Lodge, Joe Gibbons and Benny Lee. The show featured the "olde English sport of drats, later known as nurdling". Some of the sketches were adapted into a stage revue, "Don't Shoot, We're British". He also appeared in the film comedy "Raising a Riot", starring Kenneth More, which featured his five-year-old daughter "Fusty". He joked that she got better billing.


title: Michael Bentine

text: From 1960 to 1964, he had a television series, "It's a Square World", which won a BAFTA award in 1962 and Grand Prix de la Presse at Montreux in 1963. A prominent feature of the series was the imaginary flea circus where plays were enacted on tiny sets using nothing but special effects to show the movement of things too small to see and sounds with Bentine's commentary. One, titled "The Beast of the Black Bog Tarn", was set in a (miniature) haunted house.


title: Michael Bentine

text: He was the subject of "This Is Your Life" in April 1963 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at the BBC Television Theatre.


title: Michael Bentine

text: In 1969–70 he was presenter of "The Golden Silents" on BBC TV, which attempted authentic showings of silent films, without the commentaries with which they were usually shown on television before then.


title: Michael Bentine

text: From 1974 to 1980 he wrote, designed, narrated and presented the children's television programme "Michael Bentine's Potty Time" and made one-off comedy specials.


title: Michael Bentine

text: From January to May 1984 Bentine put out 11 half-hour episodes, in two series, of "The Michael Bentine Show" on Radio 4. These have subsequently been repeated, several times, on the BBC's archive radio station BBC7 (now BBC Radio 4 Extra).


title: Michael Bentine

text: He was the writer of 16 best-selling novels, comedies and non-fiction books. Four of his books, "The Long Banana Skin" (1975), "The Door Marked Summer" (1981), "Doors to the Mind" and "The Reluctant Jester" (1992) are autobiographical.


title: Michael Bentine

text: In 1968, travelling on the British Hovercraft Corporation (BHC) SR.N6, "GH–2012", Bentine took part in the first hovercraft expedition up the River Amazon.


title: Michael Bentine

text: In the 1995 New Year Honours, Bentine received a CBE from Queen Elizabeth II "for services to entertainment". In 1971, Bentine received the Order of Merit of Peru following his fund-raising work for the 1970 Great Peruvian earthquake.


title: Michael Bentine

text: Bentine was a crack pistol shot and helped to start the idea of a counter-terrorist wing within 22 SAS Regiment. In doing so, he became the first non-SAS person ever to fire a gun inside the close-quarters battle training house at Hereford.


title: Michael Bentine

text: His interests included parapsychology. This was as a result of his and his family's extensive research into the paranormal, which resulted in his writing "The Door Marked Summer" and "The Doors of the Mind". He was, for the final years of his life, president of the Association for the Scientific Study of Anomalous Phenomena.


title: Michael Bentine

text: On 14 December 1977, he appeared with Arthur C. Clarke on Patrick Moore's BBC "The Sky at Night" programme. The broadcast was entitled "Suns, Spaceships and Bug-Eyed Monsters" – a light-hearted look at how science fiction had become science fact, as well as how ideas of space travel had become reality through the 20th century. In the opening of the programme, Moore introduces Bentine with Bentine confirming that he was the possessor of a "Readers Digest Degree". This remark was typical of Bentine's comic approach to most things in life that concealed his knowledge of science. Bentine appeared in a subsequent broadcast on a similar theme with Moore in 1980. Following the death of Arthur C. Clarke, "BBC Sky at Night" magazine released a copy of the 1977 archive programme on the cover of their May 2008 edition.


title: Michael Bentine

text: Bentine was married twice. With his first wife Marie Barradell, married 1941–1947, he had a daughter:


title: Michael Bentine

text: In 1949, he married his second wife, Clementina Stuart, a Royal Ballet dancer. They had four children:


title: Michael Bentine

text: Of his five children, the two eldest daughters, Elaine and Marylla, died from cancer (breast cancer and lymphoma) in the 1980s. His elder son, Stuart, was killed with a pilot friend when a Piper PA-18 Super Cub crashed into a hillside at Ditcham Park Woods near Petersfield, Hampshire, on 28 August 1971. Their bodies and the aircraft were not found until October 1971. The AAIB after an 11-month investigation found that the aircraft went into clouds when taking action to avoid power cables while flying low in poor visibility, and subsequently, went out of control. Bentine's subsequent investigation into regulations governing private airfields resulted in his writing a report for Special Branch into the use of personal aircraft in smuggling operations. He fictionalised much of the material in his novel "Lords of the Levels".


title: Michael Bentine

text: From 1975 until his death in 1996, he and his wife spent their winters at a second home in Palm Springs, California, US.


title: Michael Bentine

text: Shortly before his death from prostate cancer at the age of 74, he was visited in hospital by Prince Charles.


title: Anton Fig

text: Anton Fig (born 8 August 1952 in Cape Town, South Africa), known as "The Thunder from Down Under", is a South African session drummer, perhaps best known as the drummer and second-in-command for Paul Shaffer and the World's Most Dangerous Band. David Letterman, for whom the band served as house band on his late-night talk shows, often referred to Fig as "Anton Zip" or "Buddy Rich Jr." Fig is also well known for his work with Kiss, Ace Frehley and Joe Bonamassa.


title: Anton Fig

text: Fig began playing drums at the age of four. After performing in numerous successful local rock bands in Cape Town, becoming locally respected with bands like Hammak, he moved to Boston to further pursue his musical interests. His formal education included studies at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, where he studied jazz and classical disciplines, and graduated with honors in 1975. In 1976, he moved to New York City, where he began to establish a career as a freelance musician.


title: Anton Fig

text: Fig was a member of the band Spider during both their album releases in 1980 and 1981 as well as on their 1982 album as newly renamed band Shanghai, together with famed producer Beau Hill and songwriter Holly Knight.


title: Anton Fig

text: Fig was the drummer on Ace Frehley's 1978 eponymous solo album and subsequently became a member of the then ex-Kiss lead guitarist's solo project Frehley's Comet from 1984 to 1987. Fig also played drums on all but one song on Kiss's 1979 album "Dynasty" and every song on their 1980 album "Unmasked"; the use of Fig to replace usual drummer Peter Criss (producers thought Criss, who had a drug problem, had seen a deterioration of his skills) upset Criss, to the point where, after appearing in promotional videos and tours through "Unmasked", he left the band. Eric Carr took over drumming duties following Criss's departure.


title: Anton Fig

text: Other artists with whom he has worked include Bob Dylan, Warren Zevon, B. B. King, Peter Frampton, Joan Armatrading, Cyndi Lauper, Link Wray, John Waite, Robert Gordon, Eric Johnson, Beth Hart and Kix.