title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: On October 11, 1958, round-robin service ceased operating on weekends, being by replaced by shuttles running from Euclid Avenue to either terminal in the Rockaways. Round-robin service continued to operate late evenings, late nights, and early mornings. From October to June, round-robin service started at 6:40 p.m. leaving Euclid Avenue, and from June to October, the service began at 9:44 p.m. from Euclid Avenue.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: Since many Rockaway riders were dissatisfied with having rush hour service provided by local trains, starting on November 3, 1958, four morning rush hour E trains ran express via the Fulton Street Line from Euclid Avenue, two from Rockaway Park, and two from Far Rockaway. To make up for the loss of local service along the Fulton Street Line, four A trains began making local stops. All E trains began running express and all A trains began running local to Euclid Avenue on September 8, 1959. On June 6, 1960, three E trains started originating at Lefferts Boulevard in the morning rush hour, and three E trains began terminating there in the evening rush hour after complaints from riders. Shuttles between Euclid Avenue and the Rockaways, which had not been assigned a route designation, but often were signed as E trains, were labeled HH trains on February 1, 1962.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: In 1964, E trains were cut back from five-car trains to four-car trains on Saturday late nights and to three-car trains on Sunday late nights. In addition, trains were lengthened from five cars to six cars on Sunday mornings, afternoons, and evenings. Two additional E trains began running from 169th Street during the morning rush hour on April 6, 1964; these trips began entering service at 179th Street on December 21, 1964. On July 11, 1966, midday service began running every ten minutes, instead of every eight, and evening service began running every twelve minutes, instead of every ten. At the same time, midday and evening trains began running with ten-car trains instead of eight-car trains, and late night trains were extended from four-car trains to five-car trains. Midday and evening shuttles between the Rockaways and Euclid Avenue were replaced by the A service on July 10, 1967.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: In October 1969, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) performed a test over the course of a month to evaluate the impact that increasing the scheduled frequency of the E and F services along the Queens Boulevard Line in the southbound direction in the morning would have on running times and the number of trains that actually ran in service. As part of the test, 35 trains were scheduled to leave 179th Street during the morning peak hour, 17 E trains and 18 F trains. However, only 32 trains actually left the terminal, 15 E trains and 17 F trains. The study found that the average number of trains actually in service was 28 at Queens Plaza, 14 Es and 14 Fs, and 31 at 71st Avenue, 15 Es and 16 Fs, and that running such a high frequency of service was not possible without increasing running times and causing congestion.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: Southbound E trains began stopping at the lower level of the 42nd Street station during rush hours on March 23, 1970 to reduce delays by relieving congestion on the station's platforms. The frequency of weekend service was decreased on July 3, when trains started running every ten minutes on Saturdays, and every twelve minutes on Sundays. As part of systemwide changes in bus and subway service on January 2, 1973, the E became the local in Brooklyn again, running to Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street only. This change was initially supposed to take effect on September 11, 1972. On January 19, 1976, rush hour service on the E was decreased. Northbound rush hour service began running every four or five minutes, instead of every four, and southbound evening rush hour service began running every four or six minutes, instead of every four.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: Finally, on August 30, 1976, E service in Brooklyn was eliminated with all trains terminating at World Trade Center. Brooklyn service was replaced by the CC local. On January 24, 1977, as part of a series of NYCTA service cuts to save $13 million, many subway lines began running shorter trains during middays. As part of the change, E trains began running with six cars between 9:50 a.m. and 1:30 p.m. On August 30, 1976, some E trains began terminating at 71st Avenue after the morning rush hour. Until 1986, two E trains and two F trains started at 71st Avenue in the morning rush hour with the intention to relieve congestion. These trains were eliminated because they resulted in a loading imbalance, as these lightly-loaded trains would be followed by extremely crowded trains from 179th Street, which followed an eight-minute gap of E and F service from 179th Street.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: In 1986, the NYCTA studied which two services should serve the Queens Boulevard Line during late nights as ridership at this time did not justify three services. A public hearing was held in December 1986, and it was determined that having the E and R, which would replace the N, run during late nights provided the best service. On May 24, 1987, ten-minute frequencies on E during evenings were extended by an additional hour to 9 p.m.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: On December 11, 1988, the Archer Avenue Lines opened, and E trains were rerouted via this branch, running to Jamaica Center via the Queens Boulevard Line's express tracks. E trains began running express east of 71st Avenue, skipping 75th Avenue and Van Wyck Boulevard at all times, with local service to 179th Street replaced by the R, which was extended to 179th Street from 71st Avenue. The R extension allowed F trains to continue running express to 179th Street. It was decided to serve Archer with the E as opposed to the F to minimize disruption to passengers who continued to use Hillside Avenue, to maximize Jamaica Avenue ridership and the length of the peak ridership period, which is longer on the F. It was found that most riders using buses diverted to Archer Avenue used the E, while passengers on buses to 179th Street used the F. Having E trains run local between 71st Avenue and Van Wyck Boulevard was dismissed in order to provide 24 hour express service to the Archer Avenue Line.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: Two service plans were identified prior to a public hearing on February 25, 1988 concerning the service plan for the new extension. The first would have split rush-hour E service between the two branches, with late night service to 179th Street provided by the R, while the second would have had all E trains run via Archer Avenue, and would have extended R locals to 179th Street. A modified version of the second plan was decided upon. The change in the plan was the operation of alternate E trains from 179th Street as expresses during the morning rush hour between 7:07 and 8:19 a.m. to provide an appropriate level of E service to Archer during the morning rush, to maintain the same level of service to 179th Street while providing express service, and to provide greater choice for riders at the Parsons Boulevard and 179th Street stations on Hillside Avenue. It was decided not to divert some E trains to 179th Street during the afternoon rush hour so that Queens-bound riders would not be confused about where their E train was headed.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: The 1988 changes angered some riders because they resulted in the loss of direct Queens Boulevard Express service at local stations east of 71st Avenue (169th Street, Sutphin Boulevard, Van Wyck Boulevard and 75th Avenue stations). Local elected officials pressured the MTA to eliminate all-local service at these stations. As part of service cuts on September 30, 1990, the R was cut back to 71st Avenue outside of rush hours. Local service to 179th Street was replaced by F trains, which provided Queens Boulevard Express service, during middays, evenings, and weekends, and local G service during late nights.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: In May 1989, Sunday headways were reduced from twelve minutes to ten minutes. As part of the changes, on October 1, 1990, morning rush hour service from 179th Street was discontinued, and all E trains began running to Jamaica Center. In addition, the frequency of E service was reduced from 15 trains per hour to 12 trains per hour to allow the frequency of F service to be increased from 15 trains per hour to 20 trains per hour. The frequency of F service was subsequently reduced to running every minutes on April 15, 1991, before being increased back to minutes, or about 18 trains per hour, on October 26, 1992. On April 1, 1991, E trains were shortened to run with six-car trains between 11 p.m. and 6 a.m. in order to increase passenger security during overnight hours.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: In 1992, the MTA considered three options to improve service at the local stops east of 71st Avenue, including leaving service as is, having E trains run local east of 71st Avenue along with R service, and having F trains run local east of 71st Avenue replacing R service, which would be cut back to 71st Avenue at all times. The third option was chosen to be tested for six months starting in October or November 1992. The test started on October 26, 1992 and was implemented on a permanent basis six months later, eliminating express service along Hillside Avenue.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: On March 23, 1997, the E service began stopping at 75th Avenue and Briarwood during evenings, nights and weekends. On August 30, 1997, E service began running local in Queens during late nights in order to ease connections, reduce the need for late night transfers, and provide even service intervals. On the same date, late night G service was permanently cut back from 179th Street to Court Square, replaced by F service running local east of Queens Plaza, doubling late night service frequency at Queens Boulevard local stations. On September 8, 1998, E trains began running at a frequency of eight trains per hour middays, an increase from six trains per hour.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: During the early part of 2000, because of the replacement of track switches at the World Trade Center station, the E was extended to Euclid Avenue at all times except late nights, when it operated to Canal Street. Service on the E was again affected by the September 11 attacks in 2001, as its terminal station, World Trade Center, was located at the northeastern corner of the World Trade Center site, so for a time, the E again operated to Euclid Avenue in Brooklyn as the local on the IND Fulton Street Line at all times except late nights, replacing the temporarily suspended service. On September 24, 2001, service was restored, and E service was cut back to Canal Street, since World Trade Center would be closed until January 28, 2002.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: On December 16, 2001, the connection from the IND 63rd Street Line to the Queens Boulevard Line opened, and trains were rerouted via this connector to travel between Manhattan and Queens. E service was increased from 12 trains per hour to 15 trains per hour, and F service decreased from 18 trains per hour to 15 trains per hour to accommodate these trains. At the same time, occasional service to and from 179th Street was added, running express along Hillside Avenue. Four trains began at 179th Street in the morning rush hour and at the beginning of the evening rush hour, while four terminated at 179th Street in the evening rush hour. Three morning rush hour reverse-peak trips began terminating at Kew Gardens–Union Turnpike.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: In 2002, the frequency of weekend E service was increased. Trains began running every eight minutes on Saturday mornings, instead of every ten minutes, and every ten or twelve minutes on Saturday evenings, instead of every twelve minutes. Sunday service was increased to run every ten or twelve minutes during the morning and evening, instead of every twelve or fifteen minutes, and trains began running every 8 or 10 minutes during afternoons, instead of every twelve minutes. On April 27, 2003, evening service was increased, with trains running at six-, eight-, and ten-minute headways, instead of twelve minute headways. Midday, afternoon, and early evening service was increased to run every eight minutes on February 22, 2004. On September 16, 2019, the three trips that terminated at Kew Gardens were extended to 179th Street, making express stops along Hillside Avenue.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: Between September 19 and November 2, 2020, E service was cut back to Jamaica–Van Wyck due to track replacement on the upper levels of the Jamaica Center and Sutphin Boulevard stations. During this time, a shuttle bus connected to Sutphin Boulevard and Jamaica Center. During the second phase, which started on November 2, 2020, a limited number of E trains ran to Jamaica Center, running express east of 71st Avenue during the day on weekdays and making local stops at other times. Service to 179th Street was expanded from weekday limited rush hour service to weekday daytime service; these trains made local stops east of 71st Avenue. This phase was completed in December 2020.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: The EE originally ran as an Eighth Avenue local between 71st Avenue and Chambers Street during off peak hours when the did not run. This service was discontinued on July 1, 1937. However, the EE reappeared on November 26, 1967 when it ran between 71st–Continental Avenues and Whitehall Street via the local tracks of the BMT Broadway Line, replacing the and . This service was discontinued on August 30, 1976, and replaced by the .


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: The E and F, the two Queens Boulevard express services, have historically been some of the most overcrowded routes in the entire subway system, and have more ridership than can be accommodated by existing capacity. Multiple efforts have been made to deal with the problem. In 1968, as part of the Metropolitan Commuter Transportation Authority (MCTA)'s Program for Action plan to drastically expand the region's transportation network, the 63rd Street–Southeast Queens line was proposed to increase capacity between Queens and Manhattan and reduce overcrowding on Queens Boulevard express trains. This line would have served as a "super-express" bypass of the Queens Boulevard Line, paralleling the line by running along the Long Island Rail Road's Main Line, and making stops at Northern Boulevard, where a transfer would be available to Queens Plaza and Woodside, before merging with the Queens Boulevard Line at 71st Avenue. The line would have provided additional express service to stations east of 71st Avenue, and was intended to divert passengers from the overcrowded E and F to the new line, which would have connected to the BMT Broadway Line and IND Sixth Avenue Lines in Manhattan via the new 63rd Street Lines. Since funding for the entire line dried up, because of the 1975–1976 New York City fiscal crisis, the plan was scaled back to the construction of the 63rd Street Lines to a dead-end station at 21st Street–Queensbridge in Queens.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: In 1990, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) elected to connect the 63rd Street Lines to the Queens Boulevard Line at 36th Street, with connections to both the local and express Queens Boulevard tracks. In 2001, the 63rd Street Connection was completed, allowing for an increase of nine trains per hour on the line between Queens and Manhattan through the introduction of V service. Express F trains, which had run via 53rd Street, were rerouted via the new connection, and were replaced by new local V trains. To further increase capacity, as part of the MTA's 2010–2014 Capital Program, the MTA is equipping the tracks from 50th Street/8th Avenue and 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center to Kew Gardens–Union Turnpike with communications-based train control, which would allow for three more trains during peak hours on the Queens Boulevard express tracks (it currently runs 29 tph). This would also increase capacity on the local tracks of the IND Queens Boulevard Line. With the installation of CBTC on the Eighth Avenue Line as part of the 2015–2019 Capital Program, and on the Archer Avenue Line as part of the 2020–2024 Capital Program, the E will become fully automated.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: In October 2017, twenty five-car train sets assigned to the E service had seats at the end of the cars removed to provide extra capacity. The MTA expected that the removal of seats would allow each E train to carry up to 100 additional riders. Subsequent surveys found that the removal of seats improved passenger flow on trains, helping reduce dwell times in stations.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: For several decades, the E has hosted a large population of homeless people and has been nicknamed the "Homeless Express", according to a conductor interviewed by WNBC. It is the subway route that most homeless people sleep on since the route runs fully underground, sheltering people from the cold, and since the route has some of the system's newer rolling stock. In addition, the route passes through major transit hubs that shelter the homeless, like Pennsylvania Station and the Port Authority Bus Terminal.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: E trains run between Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer on the Archer Avenue Line and World Trade Center on the Eighth Avenue Line at all times, running via the Queens Boulevard Line in Queens. E trains run local along the Eighth Avenue Line at all times. All trains run express in Queens between 71st Avenue and Queens Plaza at all times except late nights, when they make local stops. On weekends, weekday evenings, and late nights, E trains stop at 75th Avenue and Briarwood; limited AM-rush trains also make these stops in both directions. During rush hours, limited service runs to and from 179th Street, typically making express stops east of 71st Avenue, although select PM-rush trains to this terminal make local stops. Four E trips originate from 179th Street during the a.m. rush hour, three E trips originate from 179th Street during the p.m. rush hour, three E trips terminate at 179th Street during the a.m. rush hour, and four trips terminate at 179th Street during the p.m. rush hour.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: E trains share tracks with F trains between the 75th Avenue and 36th Street interlockings during weekday rush hours and middays, and between the Van Wyck Boulevard and 36th Street interlockings on evenings, late nights and weekends. The shared segment with the F, during rush hours, receives the most scheduled service of any track segment in the system with 30 trains per hour, 15 on the E, and 15 on the F. The route shares tracks with M trains between Queens Plaza and Fifth Avenue–53rd Street, and with C or late-night A service from 42nd Street–Port Authority Bus Terminal to Canal Street.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: The following table shows the lines used by the E service, with shaded boxes indicating the route at the specified times:


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: The E is signed on trains, in stations, and on maps with a blue emblem, or "bullet" since it runs via the Eighth Avenue Line. The route was first color-coded in a light blue on November 26, 1967, when the NYCTA introduced its first set of colored service labels to coincide with the opening of the Chrystie Street Connection. In June 1979, the route was given a darker blue bullet as part of the introduction of a new color-coding scheme based on subway trunk lines in Manhattan, done in connection with a redesign of the subway map.


title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: The E train uses ten-car R160 trains to provide regular service, and uses 260 R160 cars, or 26 trains, to provide weekday service. E trains share their rolling stock with the , , and trains, and the route's rolling stock is stored and maintained at Jamaica Yard.


title: Devdas (1955 film)

text: Devdas is a 1955 Indian Hindi-language period drama film directed by Bimal Roy, based on the Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay novel "Devdas". It starred Dilip Kumar in the titular role, Suchitra Sen in her Bollywood debut as Parvati "Paro", Vyjayanthimala in her first dramatic role where she played courtesan named Chandramukhi. Motilal, Nazir Hussain, Murad, Pratima Devi, Iftekhar, Shivraj were playing other significant roles along with Pran, Johnny Walker in extended cameo appearances. Kumar essayed the title role of a drunkard protagonist without consuming alcohol.


title: Devdas (1955 film)

text: In 2005, "Indiatimes Movies" ranked the movie amongst the "Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films". Devdas was also ranked at #2 on University of Iowa's List of Top 10 Bollywood Films by Corey K. Creekmur. The film was also noted for its cinematography and lighting under Kamal Bose, that enhanced the emotional torment of the tight-lipped protagonist played by Dilip Kumar. "Forbes" included Kumar's performance in the film on its list, "25 Greatest Acting Performances of Indian Cinema". Although "Devdas" was a moderate success at box-office when initially released, partly due to its heavy theme and release of several Kumar's films around the same time including "Azaad" (1955), "Uran Khatola" (1955), and "Insaniyat" (1955), it found greater success in re-releases in subsequent years up till 1980s. The subsequent popularity of the film made the role essayed by Kumar amongst his most famous. The particular version of "Devdas" is considered to be the best-known and finest rendering of the novel.


title: Devdas (1955 film)

text: Set against the backdrop of rural Bengal during feudal times, Devdas is a young man from a Minor Zamindar Bengali family in India in the early 1900s. Paro, alias Parvati is a young woman from a middle-class Bengali Brahmin family, but belonging to a slightly lower status in terms of caste, affluence, and status. The two families lived in a village, and Devdas and Paro were childhood friends.


title: Devdas (1955 film)

text: Devdas goes away for some years to live and study in a boarding school in the city of Calcutta (now Kolkata). When, after finishing school, Devdas (Dilip Kumar) returns to his village, Paro (Suchitra Sen) looks forward to their childhood love blossoming into their lifelong journey together in marriage. Of course, according to the prevailing social custom, Paro's parents would have to approach Devdas' parents and propose a marriage of Paro to Devdas as Paro has longed for.


title: Devdas (1955 film)

text: When Paro's grandmother (Sarita Devi) makes the proposal to Devdas' mother (Pratima Devi), the latter rejects her. To demonstrate his own social status, Paro's father, Nilkant (Shivraj) then finds an even richer husband for Paro.


title: Devdas (1955 film)

text: When Paro learns of her planned marriage, she risks her honor to meet Devdas at night, desperately believing that Devdas will quickly accept her hand in marriage. Devdas meekly seeks his parents' permission to marry Paro, but Devdas' family was against him.


title: Devdas (1955 film)

text: In a weak-minded state, Devdas then flees to Calcutta, and from there, he writes a letter to Paro, saying that they were only friends and there was no love between them. But soon realizing his mistake, he goes back to the village and tells Paro that he is ready to do anything needed to save their love.


title: Devdas (1955 film)

text: By now, Paro's marriage plans are in an advanced stage, and she declines to go back to Devdas and chides him for his cowardice and vacillation. Parvati's marriage is finalized with a wealthy zamindar and widower (Moni Chatterjee) with children older than his young second wife-to-be.


title: Devdas (1955 film)

text: In Calcutta, Devdas' carousing friend, Chunni Babu (Motilal), introduces him to a courtesan named Chandramukhi (Vyjayanthimala). Devdas takes to heavy drinking at Chandramukhi's place, but the courtesan falls in love with him and looks after him. His health deteriorates because of a combination of excessive drinking and despair of life — a drawn-out form of suicide. Within him, he frequently compares Paro and Chandramukhi, remaining ambivalent as to whom he really loves.


title: Devdas (1955 film)

text: Sensing his fast-approaching death, Devdas returns to meet Paro to fulfill a vow that he would see her before he dies. He dies at her doorstep on a dark, cold night. On hearing of the death of Devdas, Paro runs towards the door, disregarding "purdah", but her family members prevent her from stepping out of the door.


title: Devdas (1955 film)

text: The movie powerfully depicts the prevailing social customs in Bengal in the early 1900s, which are largely responsible for preventing the happy ending of a genuine love story.


title: Devdas (1955 film)

text: Dilip Kumar was Bimal Roy's first choice for the role of Devdas. Roy wanted Meena Kumari as Paro, and Nargis as Chandramukhi, but, Meena Kumari could not take the role because her husband Kamal Amrohi laid down certain conditions which Roy did not agree with. Nargis rejected the role of Chandramukhi as she wanted to play Paro. The role of Paro was already given to Suchitra Sen. Bina Rai and Suraiya were approached to play Chandramukhi, who refused the role for the same reason as Nargis. Ultimately, Vyjayanthimala was approached and she agreed to play Chandramukhi. About Vyjayanthimala's casting, script writer Nabendu Ghosh said:"I did not approve of Vyjayanthimala [as Chandramukhi], but we had no option – no one wanted to play Chandramukhi, and we were committed to our distributors. We were in dire straits, and Bimalda's unit was big. He never compromised in the making [of his film]. That meant expenses. And we needed money."


title: Devdas (1955 film)

text: The Soundtrack of "Devdas" consists of 12 songs composed by S. D. Burman and the lyrics were penned by the veteran poet-lyricist Sahir Ludhianvi. Some of the songs were inspired by the Baul tradition. Apart from this, it also features some Thumris at Chandramukhi's place as to demonstrate "tawaif" culture.


title: Jack O'Neill

text: Jonathan J. "Jack" O'Neill is a fictional character in the MGM's military science fiction franchise "Stargate", primarily as one of the main characters of the television series "Stargate SG-1". Richard Dean Anderson played O'Neill in all the "Stargate" media since 1997, when he took over the role from actor Kurt Russell, who portrayed the character in the original "Stargate" film in 1994. O'Neill and Daniel Jackson are the only two characters to appear in both the original film and all three live-action "Stargate" television series.


title: Jack O'Neill

text: In his very first appearance in the 1994 film as Colonel Jack O'Neil, the character leads the first team to go through the Stargate on a reconnaissance mission. He subsequently becomes the main character of the television series "Stargate SG-1" created in 1997 as a sequel to the movie. In the first seven seasons of the show, Colonel Jack O'Neill, recalled from retirement after the first film, is the leader of the team SG-1, a part of the Stargate Program, whose goal is to explore the galaxy and defend against alien threats.


title: Jack O'Neill

text: He became less prominent in the eighth season, in which he is promoted to Commanding Officer of Stargate Command, at the rank of brigadier general, therefore greatly reducing the character's time spent exploring via the Stargate. Anderson chose to spend more time with his family, eventually leaving the show at the start of its ninth season and only appearing four times until the end of the series in its tenth and final season. The character's absence from the show was explained by yet another promotion, to the position of head of the Department of Homeworld Security, as a major general.


title: Jack O'Neill

text: Anderson reprised his role once again in the direct-to-DVD film "", a sequel to the TV series. O'Neill also appeared in the two other "Stargate" television series: he was an occasional character in the first three seasons of "Stargate Atlantis", serving as an Earth contact with Atlantis, this running parallel with Stargate SG-1 for a time, and in four episodes of "Stargate Universe", as a lieutenant general, having been promoted sometime after both "SG-1" and "Atlantis" had ended. His appearance in this show's first season finale is his last appearance in the "Stargate" universe to date. Anderson also voiced the character in the video game "".


title: Jack O'Neill

text: Jack O'Neill is a United States Air Force colonel with experience in special operations before joining the Stargate Program. He was married to Sara O'Neill, but their marriage suffered when Jack sank into a deep depression after their son accidentally shot himself with O'Neill's pistol. He then joins a dangerous mission through the Stargate with a couple of airmen and Dr. Daniel Jackson, who deciphers how to use the Stargate. They are transported to another planet. O'Neill's standing order is to detonate a nuclear warhead near the Stargate at any sign of danger. But a young boy named Skaara gives him a renewed sense of life. After the defeat of Ra, O'Neill and his team return to Earth, while Jackson remains on the planet. Though he and Sara were still together when Jack was initially recruited for his first mission through the Stargate, by the time he returned she had left him.


title: Jack O'Neill

text: O'Neill returns to the Stargate Program when the Goa'uld Apophis attacks the Earth installation via its stargate. He is given command of the SG-1 team, which consists of himself, Samantha Carter, Teal'c and Jackson. Eventually O'Neill gets the Repository of the Ancients temporarily "downloaded" to his brain and becomes the first modern human to travel to another galaxy, the Asgard home galaxy. A second download of the Ancients' knowledge into his brain during the season 7 finale, allows him to lead SG-1 to an Ancient outpost in Antarctica. O'Neill possesses the ATA gene, and thus is able to operate the Ancient weapons chair and save Earth from Anubis's fleet. With the Ancient knowledge about to overwhelm his personality and kill him, he is placed into a stasis pod in the outpost until Thor of the Asgard is able to remove the knowledge and save his life. After that event, O'Neill is promoted to brigadier general and is given command of Stargate Command. O'Neill is promoted again off-screen and becomes the new head of the Office of Homeworld Security/Homeworld Command after the retirement of General Hammond, with Major General Hank Landry taking his position as the new commander of Stargate Command.


title: Jack O'Neill

text: In the pilot of Stargate Atlantis, O'Neill convinces John Sheppard to join the Atlantis expedition to the Pegasus Galaxy. In 2006, he, along with Richard Woolsey, visits Atlantis to create a treaty between the humans of Earth and the Ancients. The death of O'Neill is briefly shown in an alternate timeline where Ba'al controls the Goa'uld Empire. O'Neill reappears as a lieutenant general in "Stargate Universe" with Nicholas Rush, where he is recruiting Eli Wallace into the Icarus Project. After the attack on the Icarus Base, he contacts Carter from The Pentagon to talk about the ongoing situation. With help from the Ancient Communication Stones, Everett Young body swaps with Colonel David Telford to tell O'Neill about a dire situation in which they find themselves.


title: Jack O'Neill

text: John Symes approached Michael Greenburg and Richard Dean Anderson of "MacGyver" fame. Although Anderson was never a real fan of the science fiction genre, he believed the original feature film to be a good vehicle for a series. Anderson agreed to become involved with the project if his character was allowed significantly more comedic leeway than Kurt Russell's character in the feature film, shown especially Anderson's flippant and utter disregard for appropriate military protocol and decorum over the series, which contrasted Russell's "by the book" adherence to protocol. He also requested "Stargate SG-1" to be more of an ensemble show, so that he would not be carrying the plot alone as on "MacGyver". Anderson was part of the main cast from season 1 through 8 and played a recurring role in several episodes each season thereafter. He was influential in the development of O'Neill's character and personality from the beginning. While he praised the work done by Russell in the "Stargate" film, he said he couldn't be that serious all the time and worked with the writers and directors to give his O'Neill a more lighthearted tone while maintaining the sense of importance the role required. Additionally, he joked that he would never be able to get his hair to stay like Russell's. This "double personality" was also joked in the second season, when Jack introduced himself as: "It's 'O'Neill,' with two 'L's. There's another Colonel O'Neil with only one L, and he has no sense of humor at all." Fans have speculated that the transition is due to Russell's O'Neill still being deeply traumatised by the recent death of his son, while Anderson's has overcome the worst of his issues even if he makes it clear he will never forget his loss.


title: Jack O'Neill

text: In season 8, Anderson chose to have a reduced role in the series so that he could spend more time with his young daughter. When Anderson left the show as a main character in the eighth season, the producers were talking about ending the series. Instead, the series introduced two new characters in the ninth season, Ben Browder as Cameron Mitchell, the new SG-1 team leader, and Beau Bridges as Hank Landry, the new commanding officer of Stargate Command. Anderson continued to appear in a recurring status on "Stargate SG-1", albeit with less frequent appearances. He returned for the second straight-to-DVD film, "" in a brief cameo, and was expected to return for the third movie. Executive producer Brad Wright stressed the importance of O'Neill's presence in the Stargate universe even after the character went on hiatus during the last two seasons of SG-1 when Anderson took a leave from regular acting.


title: Jack O'Neill

text: Anderson has also had various guest appearances on the two spin off series' "Stargate Atlantis" and "Stargate Universe". Anderson had several guest cameos scattered over the first season of "Stargate Universe". He is mainly seen in the Pentagon but later visits the Destiny after the revelations about Telford emerge. In total, he appears in six episodes of "Stargate Universe", the most of any main actor from "Stargate SG-1".


title: Jack O'Neill

text: For his portrayal of O'Neill, Richard Dean Anderson won a Saturn Award in the category "Best Genre TV Actor" in 1999, and was nominated in the same category in 1998 and 2000. From 2001 to 2005, Anderson was nominated for a Saturn Award in the category "Best Actor on Television" but never won. Anderson was nominated in the category for "Best Male Performance in a 2008 Science Fiction Film, TV Movie, or Mini-Series" at the Constellation Awards in 2009 for his work in "" (2008), where he reprised his role as O'Neill.


title: Jack O'Neill

text: He was presented with an award at the Air Force Association's 57th Annual Air Force Anniversary Dinner in Washington, D.C. on September 14, 2004, because of his role as star and executive producer of "Stargate SG-1", a series which has portrayed the Air Force in a positive light since it first premiered. It was presented by the then-Air Force Chief-of-Staff, General John P. Jumper. Anderson was made an honorary brigadier general.


The University of California, Hastings College of the Law (UC Hastings) is a public law school in San Francisco, California. Founded in 1878 by Serranus Clinton Hastings, UC Hastings was the first law school of the University of California as well as one of the first law schools established in California and the Western United States. Although part of the University of California, UC Hastings is not directly governed by the Regents of the University of California. UC Hastings is also one of the few prominent university-affiliated law schools in the United States that does not share a campus with the university's undergraduates or other postgraduate programs.


title: University of California, Hastings College of the Law

text: The law school has an extensive alumni network in California, particularly the San Francisco Bay Area, that includes general counsels, law firm partners, politicians, judges and corporate executives. Notable alumni include Kamala D. Harris, the 49th Vice President of the United States; George R. Roberts, a founding member of the private equity firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts; Alexander Francis Morrison, the founding member of the international law firm Morrison & Foerster; William H. Orrick, the founding member of the international law firm Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe; and Todd Machtmes, the General Counsel of Salesforce.


text: In November 2021, the Board of Directors of UC Hastings voted to change the name of the institution because of namesake Hastings's involvement in the killing and dispossessing of Yuki people during the California genocide. On July 27, 2022, the Board of Directors voted unanimously to rename the college the University of California College of the Law, San Francisco (UC Law SF). The rename is set to take effect starting in 2023.


text: In 1878, Serranus Clinton Hastings, the first Chief Justice of California, gave $100,000 to be used to create the law school that now bears his name. He arranged for the enactment of a legislative act on March 26, 1878 to create the Hastings College of the Law as a separate legal entity affiliated with the University of California. This was apparently intended for compatibility with Section 8 of the University's Organic Act, which authorized the Board of Regents to affiliate with independent self-sustaining professional colleges. Another reason for making the gift in this fashion was that Hastings desired to impose certain conditions on his gift, while "policy and law dictated that a free-gift could not be hedged by power of reversion."


text: According to UC Hastings's official centennial history, its founder, "whether from arrogance, oversight, ignorance, or a combination of all three, was the author of his own troubles." Although the founder had selected the original UC Hastings board of directors from among his professional acquaintances, he failed to adequately verify their concurrence with his beliefs that a proper legal education must include a course in legal ethics and must also be hybridized with elements of a liberal arts education. To his horror, it turned out they all believed that the only purpose of a law school was to provide vocational education in how to practice law. This latter belief was shared by the first professor hired, John Norton Pomeroy, who personally taught the vast majority of courses during Hastings' early years. The founder hoped to educate cultured intellectuals who also happened to be lawyers; the board simply wanted to produce lawyers. It was impossible to reconcile these fundamentally different visions, and by September 1882, Serranus Clinton Hastings had become estranged from his own handpicked board. By that point in time, he had come to see the Board of Regents as a superior vehicle for infusing liberal arts and legal ethics into his law school, and in March 1883 arranged for another legislative act that purported to transfer the Hastings College of the Law directly to the University of California and vested responsibility for its governance in the Regents. This was in facial conflict with the "affiliate" language in Section 8 of the Organic Act, so in March 1885, another act was passed to create a "pro forma" board of trustees for the sole purpose of holding title to UC Hastings assets at arm’s length from the Regents (but under which the Regents would continue to have the right to manage such assets).


text: In deference to the 1883 act, the UC Hastings board of directors ceased to meet. But because the Regents chose to remain neutral in the long-simmering dispute between board and founder—and did not attempt to exercise any control under the 1883 or 1885 acts—the Hastings College of the Law went through a strange period from September 1882 to April 1885 where it operated with no actual supervision from any governing board.


text: On April 25, 1885, the UC Hastings board of directors convened to appoint Perrie Kewen as the new registrar, because the previous registrar had died. At the request of Serranus Clinton Hastings, Attorney General Edward C. Marshall challenged Kewen's appointment by initiating a proceeding for a writ of "quo warranto" in San Francisco County Superior Court. On March 30, 1886, in what became known as "Kewen's Case", the Supreme Court of California upheld Kewen's appointment by declaring the 1883 and 1885 acts to be unconstitutional on the basis of a provision of the 1879 state constitution guaranteeing the legislative independence of the University of California. In other words, the 1879 ratification of the state's second constitution (which remains in effect today) effectively stripped the California State Legislature of the power to amend preexisting statutes governing the University of California, including the 1878 act. This was the last time that Serranus Clinton Hastings would try to shape the future of the law school that he had founded; UC Hastings has maintained its hard-fought independence from the Regents ever since. The irony of "Kewen's Case" is that a constitutional provision intended to protect the University of California was applied in such a way as to prevent the University from taking control of its first law school.


text: In contrast, the "Affiliated Colleges"—the medical, dental, nursing, and pharmacy schools in San Francisco—were affiliated with UC through written agreements, and not statutes invested with constitutional importance by court decisions. In the early 20th century, the Affiliated Colleges agreed to voluntarily submit to the Regents' governance during the term of UC President Benjamin Ide Wheeler, as the Board of Regents had come to recognize the problems inherent in the existence of independent entities that shared the UC brand but over which UC had no real control. While UC Hastings remained independent, the Affiliated Colleges began to increasingly coordinate with each other and the rest of the UC bureaucracy under the supervision of the UC President and the Regents, and evolved into the health sciences campus known today as the University of California, San Francisco. In 1900, UC Hastings became one of 27 charter members of the Association of American Law Schools (AALS).


text: Hastings College of the Law was for many years considered the primary law school of the University of California with the purpose of preparing lawyers for the practice of law in the state, whereas the Department of Jurisprudence on the Berkeley campus, which later became Boalt Hall School of Law (now styled Berkeley Law), was intended for the study of law as an academic discipline.


text: The same statute that affiliated Hastings to UC also designated UC Hastings as UC's "law department." According to UCLA political science professor J.A.C. Grant, it was believed there could only be one "law department" (i.e., only one official UC law school), which is why the Department of Jurisprudence at Berkeley retained its name even after it began to award law degrees. Berkeley did not rename its School of Jurisprudence to a School of Law until the state legislature passed a bill in 1947 authorizing UCLA to create a "school of law." William Lloyd Prosser got wind of this in 1948 while visiting UCLA to help plan the new law school and decided that Berkeley could get away with the same thing.


text: In the 1960s, UC Hastings began the "65 Club", the practice of hiring faculty who had been forced into mandatory retirement at age 65 from Ivy League and other élite institutions. After the passage of age discrimination laws, however, the "65 Club" slowly phased out, and Hastings hired its last "65 Club" professor in 1998. In the mid-1950s, "Newsweek" published a story where then Harvard Law School dean and jurist Roscoe Pound declared, referring to UC Hastings: "Indeed, on the whole, I am inclined to think you have the strongest law faculty in the nation."


text: In 2017, John Briscoe, a Hastings College adjunct professor, published an opinion essay entitled "The Moral Case for Renaming Hastings College of the Law". Briscoe said that the school's founder, Serranus Clinton Hastings, "was promoter and financier of Indian-hunting expeditions in the 1850s" and that his acquisition of land titles "was facilitated by the massacre of the rightful claimants".


text: The specific charges against Hastings are that he organized militias led by his employees to massacre the Yuki people who lived on or near his extensive land-holdings in Mendocino County, California in the late 1850s. Hundreds of Yuki, including women and children, were killed in what are called the Round Valley Settler Massacres of 1856–1859.


text: In 2020, after studying the matter for three years, a commission established by the school confirmed that its founder had managed a forced labor camp, organized murderous "Indian hunts", and otherwise participated actively in the genocide that killed most of the Native American population of Mendocino County, California. However, the commission — which was led by chancellor David L. Faigman — recommended against a proposal to rename the school "as it could lead to public confusion" and "result in a decline in applications and perhaps a loss of philanthropic and alumni support." On October 27, 2021, Faigman clarified his position: "There is no effort from me or the college to oppose a name change...Such a change would require action from the California State Legislature and Governor's office...If changing the name is something the College needs to do to bring restorative action and there is legislative action to facilitate that change, I will engage with that process."


text: In late October 2021 "The New York Times" published an article about S.C. Hastings' involvement in genocide against the Yuki and advocating for a name change. The article galvanized alumni, including former San Francisco mayor and Democratic Party power broker Willie Brown, to support a name change. On November 2, 2021, the Board of Directors for the University of California, Hastings College of the Law, voted unanimously to remove Serranus Clinton Hastings from the name of the college. On July 27, 2022, the Board of Directors voted unanimously to rename the college the University of California College of the Law, San Francisco (UC Law SF). The name change bill was signed into law by Governor Newsom on September 23, 2022, and is scheduled to take effect January 1, 2023.


text: On October 4, 2022, descendants of Serranus Hastings filed suit against the UC Hastings directors and the state to block the name change. The plaintiffs were represented by lawyers Harmeet Dhillon, Gregory Michael and Dorothy Yamamoto. The suit claims that the California act of 1878 contains the terms of a contract with Serranus Hastings. Interviewed in the San Francisco Chronicle, David Carrillo (a member of the law faculty at the University of California, Berkeley, and not involved in the suit) said that there is a distinction between a signed agreement between Serranus Hastings and the state (which could be a binding contract that the legislature cannot repudiate by enactment) and a legislative act (which cannot prevent the Legislature from later amending or repealing it).


text: UC Hastings campus spreads among four main buildings located near San Francisco's Civic Center: 200 McAllister Street houses academic space and administrative offices, 333 Golden Gate Avenue contains mainly classrooms and faculty offices, 198 McAllister is a 14-story residence complex with 657 units of housing, and 100 McAllister, known casually as "The Tower", contains university office and further student housing, as well as the Art Deco "Sky Room" on the 24th floor.


text: The campus is within walking distance of the Muni Metro and Bay Area Rapid Transit Civic Center/UN Plaza station. UC Hastings is commonly but affectionately derided by students and alumni as being located in the ugliest corner of the most beautiful city in the world. Indeed, the school has been referred to in jest as "UC Tenderloin."


text: Located within a two-block radius of the campus is the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, the California Supreme Court, the California Court of Appeal for the First District, San Francisco Superior Court, San Francisco City Hall, United Nations Plaza (and Federal Building Annex), the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, and the Main Library of the San Francisco Public Library system.


text: The UCSF Police Department patrols the Hastings campus. The heavy concentration of public buildings within the Civic Center, as well as the high crime rate, result in heavy police presence, and high security, around UC Hastings.


text: UC Hastings is managed by a nine-member Board of Directors. The UC Hastings Board of Directors exists independently of, and is not controlled by, the Regents of the University of California. Pursuant to California law, eight of the directors are appointed by the Governor of California. Pursuant to the UC Hastings constitutive documents, the ninth director must be a direct lineal descendant of UC Hastings founder Serranus Clinton Hastings. The Hastings family member now serving on the board is Claes H. Lewenhaupt.


text: UC Hastings' detachment from the UC Regents gives it a broad degree of independence in shaping educational and fiscal policies; however, due to a shrinking California education budget, UC Hastings must also compete for limited educational funds against its fellow UC campuses. Despite the apparent competition among the UC law schools, UC Hastings was able to maintain its traditionally high standards without having to decrease class size or raise tuition to higher levels than fellow UC law schools, until the California budget crisis in June 2009, first raised the possibility of slashing $10 million in state funding.


text: A few days later, however, lawmakers rejected the harsh budget cut, agreeing to cut only $1 million and apparently preventing dramatic tuition hikes.


text: Under California law, if the government ever cuts funding to UC Hastings to below the 19th-century figure of $7,000 a year, the state must return the $100,000, plus interest, to the Hastings family. State Sen. Mark Leno (D-San Francisco) has argued that the rejected $10 million budget cut, in abandoning state financial support for the school, would have allowed the Hastings family to launch an expensive court fight to reclaim the $100,000 plus hefty interest.


text: UC Hastings offers a three-year Juris Doctor program with concentrated studies available in seven areas: civil litigation, criminal law, international law, public interest law, taxation, family law, and recently, a new concentration in intellectual property law. Most J.D. students follow a traditional three-year plan. During the first year, students take required courses as well as one elective course. In the second and third years, students may take any course or substitute or supplement their courses with judicial externships or internships, judicial clinics, or study abroad. The college also offers a one-year LL.M. degree in U.S. legal studies for students holding law degrees from foreign law programs. It is an American Bar Association (ABA) approved law school since 1939.


text: UC Hastings participates in the Concurrent Degree Program with UC Santa Cruz's Masters of Science in Applied Economics and Finance. In this 3+3 program, students may concurrently earn a JD from UC Hastings and a masters degree in applied economics and finance from Santa Cruz, by pursuing the two degrees concurrently, eligible students can earn both degrees in less time than it would take to earn them serially. UC Hastings also participates in the Concurrent Degree Program with U.C. Berkeley's Haas Graduate School of Business. Upon completion of a four-year program, the student earns a Berkeley M.B.A. degree and a J.D. degree from UC Hastings College of the Law.


text: UC Hastings College of the Law and the UCSF School of Medicine of the University of California, San Francisco have commenced a joint degree program, and in 2011 began enrolling their first class of graduate students in the Master of Studies in Law (MSL) and LL.M. in Law, Science and Health Policy programs. Students have coursework available at each institution for fulfillment of the degrees. This program is a component of the UCSF/UC Hastings Consortium on Law, Science and Health Policy.


text: UC Hastings has a chapter of the Order of the Coif, a national law school honorary society founded for the purposes of encouraging legal scholarship and advancing the ethical standards of the legal profession. It joined the Association of American Law Schools (AALS) as a charter member in 1900; it renewed its membership in 1949.


text: The total cost of attendance (indicating the cost of tuition, fees, and living expenses) at UC Hastings for the 2018–2019 academic year is $49,538 for California residents and $55,538 for non-residents. The Law School Transparency estimated debt-financed cost of attendance for three years is $296,028. UC Hastings does not offer full-tuition scholarships.


text: According to UC Hastings official 2019 ABA-required disclosures, 70.6% of the Class of 2019 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation, excluding solo-practitioners. UC Hastings Law School Transparency 2019 under-employment score is 19.7%, indicating the percentage of the Class of 2019 unemployed, pursuing an additional degree, or working in a non-professional, short-term, or part-time job nine months after graduation.


text: "U.S. News & World Report" ranks UC Hastings 50th among top law schools in the US and as the most diverse of the five law schools in the UC system. It was listed with a "B+" in the March 2011 "Diversity Honor Roll" by "The National Jurist: The Magazine for Law Students". UC Hastings also has the largest student body and highest student/faculty ratio of the UC law schools.


text: In January 2011, UC Hastings was given a "B" in the "Best Public Interest Law Schools" listing by "The National Jurist: The Magazine for Law Students".In 2021, "Super Lawyers" magazine ranked UC Hastings 7th in terms of law schools that produced the most "Super Lawyers" in Southern California.


text: According to Brian Leiter's 2007 law school rankings, UC Hastings ranked 27th in the nation in terms of scholarly impact as measured by academic citations of tenure-stream faculty, on par with USC. In terms of student quality, UC Hastings ranked 33rd in 2008 in the nation by average LSAT score.


text: According to the Web site "Law School Advocacy," UC Hastings has the No. 1 Moot Court program in the country in 2021, with Top 5 rankings in each of the previous five years.


text: A 2013 article in Forbes Magazine ranks UC Hastings 20th among 'The 25 Law Schools Whose Grads Earn The Most'.


text: For the July 2019 California Bar Examination, 80% of UC Hastings Law graduates taking the exam for the first time passed.


text: The oldest law journal at UC Hastings is the "Hastings Law Journal," which was founded in 1949. The second oldest journal is the "Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly", which was founded in 1973. Inaugurated in 1997 to oversee the growing number of publications at UC Hastings, the O'Brien Center for Scholarly Publications now manages the publication of the ten UC Hastings journals.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: Sawai Madhopur is a city and Municipal Council (Nagar Parishad) in the Sawai Madhopur District in Rajasthan state, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Sawai Madhopur District of Rajasthan. Ranthambore National Park which is 7 km from the railway station and Ranthambore Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site are located near Sawai Madhopur.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: Sawai Madhopur was built as a planned city by Maharaja Madho Singh I of Jaipur (1751 1768) and is named after him. Founded in 1763, Sawai Madhopur celebrates its foundation day annually on 19 January.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: The Sawai Madhopur Lodge, now a hotel, survives as a relic of the days of tiger hunting. The lodge was built in 1936 by Maharaja Man Singh II (1912 1971) and used as a hunting lodge until his death. The two-storey crescent-shaped building is constructed with a long verandah. Queen Elizabeth of England visited the lodge in January 1961.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: Sawai Madhopur has a subtropical, dry climate with distinct winter, summer, and rainy seasons. The highest temperature occurs between May and June, rising up to . The lowest temperature, generally recorded between December and January, is about . The average rainfall in Sawai Madhopur is 800 mm with a monsoon season from July to October when Ranthambore National Park is closed. In summer, the average humidity is 10 to 15 percent and 60 percent in the rainy season. The ideal tourist season is from November to May.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: India census of 2011, Sawai Madhopur had a population of 121,106. Females constituted 47 percent of the population and males 53 percent. Sawai Madhopur has an average literacy rate of 79.44 percent which is greater than the national rate of 74.04 percent. Female literacy (67.98 percent) lags the male literacy rate (90.09 percent). In Sawai Madhopur, 12.89 percent of the population is under 6 years of age. Sawai Madhopur's communities include Gurjars and Meenas.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: Most people in Sawai Madhopur are Hindu. Just over 20 percent are Muslim. Christians are a very small minority. From a caste standpoint, 44 percent of Sawai Madhopur's population belong to the Meena Community and 12 percent are Gurjar.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: The Nagar Parishad of Sawai Madhopur is the body responsible for the town's civil works and administration. The Municipal Corporation is headed by a chairman. Each of 60 wards is represented in the Municipal Corporation by an elected member. The Urban Improvement Trust (UIT) of Sawai Madhopur is the government agency responsible for the planning and development of the town.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: Sawai Madhopur is one of four Assembly Constituencies within Sawai Madhopur District. The others are Gangapur, Bamanwas and Khandar. Sawai Madhopur lies in the Tonk-Sawai Madhopur Parliamentary Constituency. political representative (MLA) of Sawai Madhopur is Danish Abrar. The Member of Parliament (MP) from Tonk-Sawai Madhopur Parliament Constituency is Sukhbir Singh Jaunapuria.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: The economy of Sawai Madhopur is based on agriculture and hospitality. Factors affecting the economy have included the closure of a cement factory and the instituting of regulations protecting forests and the ecosystem. There are no large scale manufacturing plants in the town.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: Guava is grown around Sawai Madhopur. In 1985, the first guava in the area was grown on a farm of five hectares in Karmoda Village. In 2015, the retail and the wholesale markets of guava generated more than 5 billion rupees of revenue. In 2015, five thousand hectares of land were dedicated to cultivating guava.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: Other products from the region include those used for the extraction of essential oils and traditional medicines.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: The Sawai Madhopur Utsav is the annual celebration held on the foundation day of the city of Sawai Madhopur on 19 January. It is the day on which the city of Sawai Madhopur was established by Maharaja Sawai Madho Singh I in 1763.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: The Ganesh Chaturthi Fair is the largest of Sawai Madhopur's fairs. It is celebrated over three days on Bhadav Shukla Chaturthi at the Ganesh Temple in Ranthambore Fort. Dussera is celebrated in Sawai Madhopur for 10 days in the month of October.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: The Chauth Mata Mela fair is held in the month of January, at Chauth Mata Temple in Chauth Ka Barwara.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: Typical dishes in Sawai Madhopur include "Dal Baati Churma", "Gatte ki sabzi", "Bajre ki roti" and "Dal bade". The sweet dishes include "Kharbuje ka laddoo".


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: Popular dance forms in Sawai Madhopur include the "Ghoomar" dance, the Sawai Madhopur dance and the "Kalbeliya" dance.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: The Ranthambore National Park is one of the largest national parks in India. It is situated about from Sawai Madhopur. In 1955, it was established as the Sawai Madhopur Game Sanctuary. In 1973, the land became a Project Tiger reserve. The area was renamed the Ranthambore National Park in 1980. In 1984, the adjacent forests were declared the Sawai Man Singh Sanctuary and Keladevi Sanctuary, and in 1991 the tiger reserve was enlarged to include Sawai Man Singh and Keladevi sanctuaries.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: The history of Sawai Madhopur is closely linked to that of Ranthambore Fort. The date of its construction is unknown. The fort provides an oasis in an area of arid land. In medieval times, it was a defence against forces such as those of Delhi and Agra. In 1296 CE, Rao Hamir held the fort. Notable features of the fort include the "Toran Dwar", "Mahadeo Chhatri", "Sameton Ki Haveli", the 32 pillared "Chhatri", Mosque, and Ganesh Temple.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: The largest Chauth Mata Temple is located in Chauth Ka Barwara, Sawai Madhopur. Chauth Mata is the Kuldevi of the Meena community. The Chauth Mata Mandir is located on a hilltop of Chauth Ka Barwada, 35 km from Sawai Madhopur district.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: This temple, dedicated to Lord Meenesh i.e. Matsyavatar, is located in the town of Chauth Ka Barwara of Sawai Madhopur district. This grand temple built with the support of Meena Samaj of Barwara area of Chauth is equipped with modern facilities. The entire temple is built with white marble. The 108 feet high dome of this temple of Lord Meenesh remains the main attraction for visitors. The temple also houses a dharmshala of the Meena community. The construction of the temple, built without government aid, was financed by donations of 7 Crore rupees by the Meena community.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: On 23 December 2007, the foundation stone laying ceremony of Rajiv Gandhi Regional Museum of Natural History in Sawai Madhopur, was officiated by Hamid Ansari, Vice President of India. The museum focuses on the environment of the western arid region of India.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: Chamatkarji Jain temple is located in Alanpur village. The temple dates back to the early medieval period. It is built in the Pancharatha style with main shrine housing the idol of Rishabhanatha.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: Shilpgram is Sawai Madhopur's rural arts and crafts complex. It is a living ethnographic museum of the West Zone of India which includes five states. Special emphasis is laid on workshops for children on arts, crafts, theatre, and music.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: The Galta temple is a historic Shri Ram-Sita temple in the old city. Guavas are grown in the 40 km region around the city. Another popular temple close by is the Balaji temple of Itawa village, dedicated to Hanuman.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: On 1 September 2015, the Government of India inaugurated an Institute of Hotel Management at Sawai Madhopur to develop the hospitality sector and promote tourism.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: Sawai Madhopur has an airstrip used by private jets. Supreme Airlines has started regular flight operations between Sawai Madhopur and Delhi from 11 April 2018. The nearest large airport is the Jaipur International Airport, away.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: Sawai Madhopur Junction is located on the Delhi to Mumbai trunk route. The city is a stop for many trains, including Jaipur - Indore Super-Fast, Dayodaya Express (Ajmer - Jabalpur Express), Jodhpur - Indore Intercity, Hazrat Nizamuddin - Indore Express, Marusagar Express (Ajmer - Ernakulam Express / Ernakulam Express), Jaipur - Mysore Express, Jaipur - Chennai Express, Jaipur - Coimbatore Express, Jodhpur - Puri Express, Jodhpur - Bhopal Express, Jodhpur - Indore Intercity, and the August Kranti Rajdhani Express.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: The Jaipur - Indore Super-Fast connects Sawai Madhopur to Indore, a major city in Madhya Pradesh. There is also a Jan Shatabdi Express train from Sawai Madhopur to the national capital, Delhi. The Kota - Patna Express connects Sawai Madhopur and Patna cities via Agra, Kanpur, Lucknow, and Varanasi. Other trains include the Kota - Hanumangarh Express, the Sawai Madhopur-Mathura Passenger and the Jaipur-Bayana Passenger.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: Luxury trains include the Palace on Wheels, the Royal Rajasthan on Wheels, and the Indian Maharaja which makes a stop at Sawai Madhopur on an eight-day round trip to tourist destinations.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: The National Highway 552 (Tonk-Sawai Madhopur) and the Kota-Lalsot Mega Highway pass through the city.


title: Sawai Madhopur

text: The largest circulated daily newspapers in Sawai Madhopur are the Rajasthan Patrika and Dainik Bhaskar. The All India Radio (AIR / Akashvani) and the local FM radio station, 101.5 MHz broadcast programs in Hindi and Rajasthani.


title: Selective laser sintering

text: Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique that uses a laser as the power and heat source to sinter powdered material (typically nylon or polyamide), aiming the laser automatically at points in space defined by a 3D model, binding the material together to create a solid structure. It is similar to selective laser melting; the two are instantiations of the same concept but differ in technical details. SLS (as well as the other mentioned AM techniques) is a relatively new technology that so far has mainly been used for rapid prototyping and for low-volume production of component parts. Production roles are expanding as the commercialization of AM technology improves.


title: Selective laser sintering

text: Selective laser sintering (SLS) was developed and patented by Dr. Carl Deckard and academic adviser, Dr. Joe Beaman at the University of Texas at Austin in the mid-1980s, under sponsorship of DARPA. Deckard and Beaman were involved in the resulting start up company DTM, established to design and build the SLS machines. In 2001, 3D Systems, the biggest competitor to DTM and SLS technology, acquired DTM. The most recent patent regarding Deckard's SLS technology was issued January 28, 1997 and expired January 28, 2014.


title: Selective laser sintering

text: As SLS requires the use of high-powered lasers it is often too expensive, not to mention possibly too dangerous, to use in the home. The associated expense and potential danger of SLS printing due to lack of commercially available laser systems with Class-1 safety enclosures means that the home market for SLS printing is not as large as the market for other additive manufacturing technologies, such as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM).


title: Selective laser sintering

text: An additive manufacturing layer technology, SLS involves the use of a high power laser (for example, a carbon dioxide laser) to fuse small particles of plastic, metal, ceramic, or glass powders into a mass that has a desired three-dimensional shape. The laser selectively fuses powdered material by scanning cross-sections generated from a 3-D digital description of the part (for example from a CAD file or scan data) on the surface of a powder bed. After each cross-section is scanned, the powder bed is lowered by one layer thickness, a new layer of material is applied on top, and the process is repeated until the part is completed.


title: Selective laser sintering

text: Because finished part density depends on peak laser power, rather than laser duration, a SLS machine typically uses a pulsed laser. The SLS machine preheats the bulk powder material in the powder bed somewhat below its melting point, to make it easier for the laser to raise the temperature of the selected regions the rest of the way to the melting point.


title: Selective laser sintering

text: In contrast with SLA and FDM, which most often require special support structures to fabricate overhanging designs, SLS does not need a separate feeder for support material because the part being constructed is surrounded by unsintered powder at all times. This allows for the construction of previously impossible geometries. Also, since the machine's chamber is always filled with powder material the fabrication of multiple parts has a far lower impact on the overall difficulty and price of the design because through a technique known as 'Nesting', where multiple parts can be positioned to fit within the boundaries of the machine. One design aspect which should be observed however is that with SLS it is 'impossible' to fabricate a hollow but fully enclosed element. This is because the unsintered powder within the element could not be drained.


title: Selective laser sintering

text: Since patents have started to expire, affordable home printers have become possible, but the heating process is still an obstacle, with a power consumption of up to 5 kW and temperatures having to be controlled within 2 °C for the three stages of preheating, melting and storing before removal.


title: Selective laser sintering

text: The quality of printed structures depends on the various factors include powder properties such as particle size and shape, density, roughness, and porosity. Furthermore, the particle distribution and their thermal properties affect a lot on the flowability of the powder.


title: Selective laser sintering

text: Commercially-available materials used in SLS come in powder form and include, but are not limited to, polymers such as polyamides (PA), polystyrenes (PS), thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), and polyaryletherketones (PAEK). Polyamides are the most commonly used SLS materials due to their ideal sintering behavior as a semi-crystalline thermoplastic, resulting in parts with desirable mechanical properties. Polycarbonate (PC) is a material of high interest for SLS due to its high toughness, thermal stability, and flame resistance; however, such amorphous polymers processed by SLS tend to result in parts with diminished mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy and thus are limited to applications where these are of low importance. Metal materials are not commonly used in SLS since the development of selective laser melting.


title: Selective laser sintering

text: Powder particles are typically produced by cryogenic grinding in a ball mill at temperatures well below the glass transition temperature of the material, which can be reached by running the grinding process with added cryogenic materials such as dry ice (dry grinding), or mixtures of liquid nitrogen and organic solvents (wet grinding). The process can result in spherical or irregular shaped particles as low as five microns in diameter. Powder particle size distributions are typically gaussian and range from 15 to 100 microns in diameter, although this can be customized to suit different layer thicknesses in the SLS process. Chemical binder coatings can be applied to the powder surfaces post-process; these coatings aid in the sintering process and are especially helpful to form composite material parts such as with alumina particles coated with thermoset epoxy resin.


title: Selective laser sintering

text: Sintering in SLS primarily occurs in the liquid state when the powder particles forms a micro-melt layer at the surface, resulting in a reduction in viscosity and the formation of a concave radial bridge between particles, known as necking, due to the material's response to lower its surface energy. In the case of coated powders, the purpose of the laser is to melt the surface coating which will act as a binder. Solid state sintering is also a contributing factor, albeit with a much reduced influence, and occurs at temperatures below the melting temperature of the material. The principal driving force behind the process is again the material's response to lower its free energy state resulting in diffusion of molecules across particles.


title: Selective laser sintering

text: SLS technology is in wide use at many industries around the world due to its ability to easily make complex geometries with little to no added manufacturing effort. Its most common application is in prototype parts early in the design cycle such as for investment casting patterns, automotive hardware, and wind tunnel models. SLS is also increasingly being used in limited-run manufacturing to produce end-use parts for aerospace, military, medical, pharmaceutical, and electronics hardware. On a shop floor, SLS can be used for rapid manufacturing of tooling, jigs, and fixtures. Because the process requires the use of a laser and other expensive, bulky equipment, it is not suited for personal or residential use; however, it has found applications in art [EOS artist citation with images].


title: Bharat Ek Khoj

text: Bharat Ek Khoj () is a 53-episode Indian historical drama based on the book "The Discovery of India" (1946) by Jawaharlal Nehru that covers a 5,000-year history of India from its beginnings to independence from the British in 1947. The drama was directed, written and produced by Shyam Benegal with cinematographer V. K. Murthy in 1988 for state-owned Doordarshan. Shama Zaidi co-wrote the script. Its cast included Om Puri, Roshan Seth, Tom Alter and Sadashiv Amrapurkar. Jawaharlal Nehru was portrayed by Roshan Seth, the same role he portrayed in the Oscar-winning film "Gandhi".


title: Bharat Ek Khoj

text: The 53 episodes series was launched in November 1988 which coincide with the birth centenary of Nehru. The series was re-telecasted on DD Bharati from 27 May 2013 on the occasion of 49th death anniversary of Jawaharlal Nehru.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: The Rum Rebellion of 1808 was a "coup d'état" in the then-British penal colony of New South Wales, staged by the New South Wales Corps in order to depose Governor William Bligh. Australia's first and only military coup, the name derives from the illicit trade of the alcoholic drink rum in early Sydney, over which the 'Rum Corps', as the New South Wales Corps became known, had maintained a monopoly. During the first half of the 19th century, it was widely referred to in Australia as the Great Rebellion.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: Bligh, a former Royal Navy captain known for his overthrow in the mutiny on the "Bounty", had been appointed governor in 1805 to rein in the power of the Corps. Over the next two years, Bligh made enemies not only of Sydney's military elite, but several prominent civilians, notably John Macarthur, who joined Major George Johnston in organising an armed takeover. On 26 January 1808, 400 soldiers marched on Government House and arrested Bligh. He was kept in confinement in Sydney, then aboard a ship off Hobart, Van Diemen's Land, for the next two years while Johnston acted as Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales. The military remained in control until the 1810 arrival from Britain of Major-General Lachlan Macquarie, who took over as governor.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: William Bligh succeeded Philip Gidley King as the fourth Governor of New South Wales in 1805, having been offered the position by Sir Joseph Banks. A naval officer, Bligh was well known for his overthrow in the mutiny on the "Bounty". It is likely that he was deliberately selected by the British government because of his reputation as a "hard man", and was expected to have a good chance of reining in the maverick New South Wales Corps; something that his predecessors had not been able to do. Bligh left for Sydney with his daughter, Mary Putland, and her husband, Lieutenant John Putland, while Bligh's wife remained in England.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: Even before his arrival, Bligh's style of governance led to problems with his subordinates. The Admiralty gave command of the storeship and the convoy to the lower-ranked Captain Joseph Short, while Bligh took command of a transport ship. This led to quarrels which eventually resulted in Captain Short firing across Bligh's bow in an attempt to force Bligh to obey his signals. When this failed, Short tried to give an order to Lieutenant Putland to stand by to fire on Bligh's ship. Bligh boarded "Porpoise" and seized control of the convoy.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: When they arrived in Sydney, Bligh, backed up by statements from two of Short's officers, had Short stripped of the captaincy of "Porpoise" – which he gave to his son-in-law – cancelled the land grant Short had been promised as payment for the voyage and shipped him back to England for court-martial, at which Short was acquitted. The president of the court, Sir Isaac Coffin, wrote to the Admiralty and made several serious accusations against Bligh, including that he had influenced the officers to testify against Short. Bligh's wife obtained a statement from one of the officers denying this, and Banks and other supporters of Bligh lobbied successfully against his recall as governor.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: Soon after his arrival at Sydney, in August 1806, Bligh was given an address of welcome signed by Major George Johnston for the military, by Richard Atkins for the civilian officers, and by John Macarthur for the free settlers. However, not long after, Bligh also received addresses from the free and freed settlers of Sydney and the Hawkesbury River region, with a total of 369 signatures, many made only with a cross, complaining that Macarthur did not represent them, as they blamed him for withholding sheep so as to raise the price of mutton.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: One of Bligh's first actions was to use the colony's stores and herds to provide relief to farmers who had been severely affected by flooding on the Hawkesbury River, a situation that had disrupted the barter economy in the colony. Supplies were divided up according to those most in need and provisions were made for loans to be drawn from the store based on capacity to repay. This earned Bligh the gratitude of the farmers, but the enmity of traders in the Corps who had been profiting greatly from the situation.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: Bligh, under instructions from the Colonial Office, attempted to normalise trading conditions in the colony by prohibiting the use of spirits as payment for commodities. He communicated his policy to the Colonial Office in 1807, with the advice that his policy would be met with resistance. On 31 December 1807 Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, wrote back to Bligh with instructions to stop the barter of spirits.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: H. V. Evatt concludes in his history of the Rebellion that ... "Bligh was authorised to prevent free importation, to preserve the trade under his entire control, to enforce all penalties against illegal import, and to establish regulations at his discretion for the sale of spirits". Evatt argues that the enmity of the monopolists within the colony stemmed from this prohibition and other policies which counteracted the power of the rich and promoted the welfare of the poor settlers. Bligh also ceased the practice of handing out large land grants to the powerful in the colony; during his term, he granted just over 1,600 hectares of land, half of it to his daughter and himself.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: Bligh also caused controversy by allowing a group of Irish convicts to be tried for revolt by a court that included their accusers, and then when six out of the eight were acquitted kept them under arrest anyway. He dismissed D'Arcy Wentworth from his position of Assistant Surgeon to the Colony without explanation, and sentenced three merchants to a month's imprisonment and a fine for writing a letter that he considered offensive. Bligh also dismissed Thomas Jamison from the magistracy, describing him in 1807 as being "inimical" to good government. Jamison was the highly capable (if crafty) Surgeon-General of New South Wales, and had accumulated significant personal wealth as a maritime trader and was a friend and business partner of Macarthur's.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: In October 1807 Major Johnston wrote a formal letter of complaint to the Commander-in-Chief of the British Army, stating that Bligh was abusive and interfering with the troops of the New South Wales Corps. It is clear that Bligh had made enemies of some of the most influential people in the colony. He also antagonised some of the less wealthy when he ordered those who had leases on government land within Sydney to remove their houses.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: Macarthur had arrived with the New South Wales Corps in 1790 as a lieutenant, and by 1805 he had substantial farming and commercial interests in the colony. He had quarrelled with the governors preceding Bligh and had fought three duels.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: Bligh and Macarthur's interests clashed in a number of ways. Bligh stopped Macarthur from cheaply distributing large quantities of rum into the Corps, and halted Macarthur's allegedly illegal importation of stills. Macarthur's interest in an area of land granted to him by King conflicted with Bligh's town-planning interests. The two men were also engaged in other disagreements, including a conflict over landing regulations. In June 1807, a convict had stowed away and escaped Sydney on Macarthur's schooner , and in December 1807, when "Parramatta" returned to Sydney, the bond held to ensure that masters and owners of vessels did not help prisoners escape the colony was deemed to be forfeited.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: Bligh had the Judge Advocate, Richard Atkins, issue an order for Macarthur to appear on the matter of the bond on 15 December 1807. Macarthur disobeyed the order, was arrested and bailed and failed to appear for trial at the next sitting of the Sydney Criminal Court on 25 January 1808. Atkins rejected this, but Macarthur's protest had the support of the other six members of the court, all officers of the New South Wales Corps. Macarthur objected to Atkins being fit to sit in judgement of him because he was his debtor and inveterate enemy. Without the Judge Advocate, the trial could not take place and the court dissolved.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: Bligh accused the six officers of what amounted to mutiny and summoned Johnston to come and deal with the matter. Johnston replied that he was ill, as he had wrecked his gig on the evening of 24 January on his way back home to Annandale after dining with officers of the Corps.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: On the morning of 26 January 1808, Bligh again ordered that Macarthur be arrested and also ordered the return of court papers, which were now in the hands of officers of the New South Wales Corps. The Corps responded with a request for a new Judge Advocate and the release of Macarthur on bail. Bligh summoned the officers to Government House to answer charges made by Atkins, and he informed Johnston that he considered the action of the officers of the Corps to be treasonable.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: Johnston, instead, visited the jail and issued an order releasing Macarthur, who then drafted a petition calling for Johnston to arrest Bligh and take charge of the colony. This petition was signed by the officers of the Corps and other prominent citizens but, according to Evatt, most signatures had probably been added only after Bligh was safely under house arrest. Johnston then consulted with the officers and issued an order stating that Bligh was "charged by the respectable inhabitants of crimes that render you unfit to exercise the supreme authority another moment in this colony; and in that charge all officers under my command have joined." Johnston went on to call for Bligh to resign and submit to arrest.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: At 6:00 pm, the Corps, with full band and colours, marched to Government House to arrest Bligh. They were hindered by Bligh's daughter and her parasol, but Captain Thomas Laycock finally found Bligh, in full dress uniform, behind his bed where he claimed he was hiding papers. Bligh was painted as a coward for this action, but Duffy argues that if Bligh was hiding it would have been to escape and thwart the coup. In his book "Captain Bligh's Other Mutiny", Stephen Dando-Collins agrees and goes so far as to suggest that Bligh was planning to escape to the Hawkesbury River and to lead settlers who were strongly supportive of him there. During 1808 Bligh and his daughter were confined to Government House under house arrest. Bligh refused to leave for England until lawfully relieved of his duty.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: Johnston took control with the rank of lieutenant-colonel on 25 April 1808 and appointed Charles Grimes, the Surveyor-General, as Judge Advocate. He ordered Macarthur and the six officers be tried; they were found not guilty. Macarthur was then appointed as Colonial Secretary and effectively ran the business affairs of the colony. Another prominent opponent of Bligh, Macarthur's ally Thomas Jamison, was made the colony's Naval Officer (the equivalent of Collector of Customs and Excise) and also reinstated as a magistrate, which enabled him and his fellow legal officers to scrutinise Bligh's personal papers for evidence of wrongdoing by the deposed governor. In June 1809 Jamison sailed to London to bolster his business interests and give evidence against Bligh in any legal prosecutions that might be brought against the mutineers. Jamison died in London at the beginning of 1811, however, so he did not have an opportunity to testify at Johnston's court martial, which was not conducted until June of that year (see below).


title: Rum Rebellion

text: Shortly after Bligh's arrest, a watercolour illustrating the arrest by an unknown artist was exhibited in Sydney at perhaps Australia's first public art exhibition. The watercolour depicts a soldier dragging Bligh from underneath one of the servants' beds in Government House and with two other figures standing by. The two soldiers in the watercolour are most likely John Sutherland and Michael Marlborough, and the other figure on the far right is believed to represent Lieutenant William Minchin. This watercolour is Australia's earliest surviving political cartoon, and like all political cartoons it makes use of caricature and exaggeration to convey its message. The New South Wales Corps officers regarded themselves as gentlemen and in depicting Bligh as a coward, the cartoon declares that Bligh was not a gentleman and therefore not fit to govern.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: The origins of the watercolour derive from a dispute between Bligh and Sergeant Major Whittle about Bligh demanding Whittle to pull down his house as it was halting improvements to the town. It has been suggested Whittle either commissioned the painting or had painted the watercolour himself, but neither is likely as Whittle was illiterate.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: Following Bligh's overthrow Johnston had notified his superior officer, Colonel William Paterson, who was in Van Diemen's Land (modern-day Tasmania) establishing a settlement at Port Dalrymple (now Launceston), of events. Paterson was reluctant to get involved until clear orders arrived from England. When he learned in March that Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph Foveaux was returning to Sydney with orders to become acting Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales, Paterson left Foveaux to deal with the prevailing situation.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: Foveaux arrived in July and took over the colony as lieutenant-colonel on 28 July 1808, which annoyed Macarthur. Since a decision was expected from England, and feeling that Bligh's behaviour had been insufferable, Foveaux left Bligh under house arrest and turned his attention to improving the colony's roads, bridges and public buildings, which he felt had been badly neglected. When there was still no word from England, he summoned Paterson to Sydney in January 1809 to sort out matters. Paterson sent Johnston and Macarthur to England for trial, and confined Bligh to the barracks until he signed a contract agreeing to return to England. Paterson, whose health was failing, then retired to Government House and left Foveaux to run the colony.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: In January 1809 Bligh was given the control of HMS "Porpoise" on condition that he return to England. However, Bligh sailed to Hobart in Van Diemen's Land, seeking the support of the Lieutenant-Governor David Collins to retake control of the colony. Collins refused to support him and on Paterson's orders Bligh remained cut off on board "Porpoise", moored at the mouth of the River Derwent south of Hobart, until January 1810.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: The Colonial Office finally decided that sending naval governors to rule the New South Wales Colony was untenable. Instead the New South Wales Corps, now known as the 102nd Regiment of Foot, was to be recalled to England and replaced with the 73rd Regiment of Foot, whose commanding officer would take over as governor. Bligh was to be reinstated for 24 hours, then recalled to England; Johnston sent to England for court martial; and Macarthur tried in Sydney. Major-General Lachlan Macquarie was put in charge of the mission after Major-General Miles Nightingall fell ill before departure. Macquarie took over as governor with an elaborate ceremony on 1 January 1810.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: Macquarie reinstated all the officials who had been sacked by Johnston and Macarthur, replaced the alcoholic Atkins with Ellis Brent (the first professional lawyer to occupy a public post in Australia) as Judge Advocate, and cancelled all land and stock grants that had been made since Bligh's deposition, though to calm things down he made grants that he thought appropriate and prevented any revenge. When Bligh received the news of Macquarie's arrival, he sailed to Sydney, arriving on 17 January 1810 to collect evidence for the forthcoming court martial of Johnston. He departed for the trial in England on 12 May, arriving on 25 October 1810 aboard .


title: Rum Rebellion

text: Having informally heard arguments from both sides, the government authorities in England were not impressed by either Macarthur and Johnston's accusations against Bligh, or by Bligh's ill-tempered letters accusing key figures in the colony of unacceptable conduct. Johnston was court-martialled, found guilty and cashiered, the lowest penalty possible. He was then able to return as a free citizen to his estate, Annandale, in Sydney. Macarthur was not tried but was refused permission to return to New South Wales until 1817, since he would not admit his wrongdoing.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: Bligh's promotion to rear admiral was held up until the end of Johnston's trial. Afterward it was backdated to 31 July 1810 and Bligh took up a position that had been kept for him. He continued his naval career in the Admiralty, without command, and died of cancer in 1817.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: Macquarie had been impressed with Foveaux's administration, putting his name forward to succeed Collins as Lieutenant-Governor of Tasmania because he could think of no one more fitting; and considered that he could not have acted otherwise with regard to Bligh. However, when Foveaux returned to England in 1810 he was court-martialled for assenting to Bligh being deposed and imprisoned; Macquarie's recommendation was ignored. Foveaux was taken back into active service in 1811 and promoted lieutenant-colonel of the 1st Regiment Greek Light Infantry; he pursued an uneventful military career after that, rising to the rank of lieutenant-general.


title: Rum Rebellion

text: "The Biography of Early Australia" dismisses Macarthur's complaints as ridiculous and quotes Evatt as saying that legally Macarthur was guilty of two out of the three charges brought against him, including sedition. Both consider that Bligh was wholly justified in his actions because he was the legitimate authority. Duffy asserts that had Johnston arrived when summoned on 25 January the Rum Rebellion probably would never have happened.


title: Amy Lennox

text: Amy Florence Lennox is an actress best known for her work in musical theatre. Shows she has appeared in include ""Kinky Boots"" and "Cabaret". She was also in the main cast of the television show "Holby City" for three series.


title: Amy Lennox

text: She played Margot in the original West End cast of "Legally Blonde" in 2009, for which she also understudied Sheridan Smith in the leading role of Elle Woods. In 2012 she played Doralee in the UK touring production of "9 to 5".


title: Amy Lennox

text: In 2011, Lennox performed in the world premiere of "Soho Cinders", playing the role of Velcro. The performance was for a charity gala held at the Queen's Theatre. She went on to play the role in the first fully staged production of the show at the Soho Theatre in 2012.


title: Amy Lennox

text: In 2015, she played in the original Belfast cast of "The Last Five Years". She then played Lauren in the original West End cast of "Kinky Boots". She was nominated for both the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical and the WhatsOnStage Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Musical for her performance.


title: Amy Lennox

text: She played Ellie in the David Bowie and Enda Walsh musical "Lazarus" when it played a limited season at the Kings Cross Theatre from October 2016 through January 2017. She was nominated for the WhatsOnStage Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Musical.


title: Amy Lennox

text: In January 2019 she joined the cast of "Holby City", playing Chloe Godard, a CT surgeon and the daughter of the YAU consultant Ange Godard.


title: Amy Lennox

text: On 21 March 2022, she took over the role of Sally Bowles in "Cabaret" at the Playhouse Theatre, starring alongside Fra Fee.


title: Amy Lennox

text: She met musical theatre actor Tom Andrew Hargreaves while she was in the touring production of "9 to 5" in 2012. They married in October 2021.


title: Tamara Johnson-George

text: Tamara Antrice Johnson-George ( Johnson; born April 29, 1971), best known by her stage/nickname Taj, is an American singer and rapper. She is best known as one-third of the R&B singing group Sisters with Voices (SWV). She also competed on the eighteenth season of "Survivor", "".


title: Tamara Johnson-George

text: The youngest of six children, George was born in Brooklyn, New York, as Tamara Antrice Johnson. Her father died of pancreatic cancer when she was nine. George grew up in an abusive household; her mother, who was sick with bone cancer, was beaten regularly by her drug-addicted stepfather. When George would intervene on her mother's behalf, she was also beaten.


title: Tamara Johnson-George

text: When George was 14 years old, her mother died, which caused George and her siblings to be parceled amongst several relatives; George wound up with a cousin who molested her, adding to the sexual abuse she had experienced over the years with other male relatives. George graduated from high school and attended Baruch College to study accounting, but left college because of a physically abusive boyfriend, as well as to join singing group Sisters With Voices, better known as SWV.


title: Tamara Johnson-George

text: George was recruited into SWV (then known as Female Edition) by Cheryl "Coko" Gamble, who would become SWV's lead singer. She was so shy that she auditioned with the lights turned off. George was known as the background dancer/model in the music video for Big Daddy Kane's "Ain't No Half Steppin" and had a bubbly, upbeat personality. This caused friction between George and Gamble, who felt that Taj's recognizable face and cheerful demeanor shielded her from criticism from the press.


title: Tamara Johnson-George

text: Originally, George was both a singer and an emcee; she can be heard rapping the bridge over the original version of "Right Here" and "I'm So Into You", and is the primary female performer on the song "Blak Pudd'n". She co-wrote a number of SWV songs, including "Right Here" from their debut album, "It's About Time", and "You're the One", which also features Gamble as a co-writer. George ceased rapping when "New Beginning" was released in 1996, shortly after the end of the new jack swing era, and began to sing leads ("It's All About U", "Give It Up") and co-leads ("Lose My Cool", "Use Your Heart"). The group went on to sell more than 20 million albums, making them one of the best selling girl groups of all time. Taj can be seen on the upcoming January issue of STS Entertainment And Fashion magazine.


title: Tamara Johnson-George

text: After SWV officially disbanded in 1998, George was signed to a two-year contract with the Ford Modeling Agency. Shortly after this contract ended, George began dating Tennessee Titan Eddie George, whom she'd met at a shopping mall in 1994. George contributed to the anthology "Souls of My Sisters: Black Women Break Their Silence, Tell Their Stories and Heal Their Spirits", which was published in 2000.


title: Tamara Johnson-George

text: In 2002, George enrolled in Belmont University in Nashville, earning a Bachelor of Business Administration in May 2004. The following month, Johnson married Eddie George in Rockleigh, New Jersey, thus adding his name to hers. Their son, Eriq Michael George, was born in 2005 after a difficult pregnancy that left George bedridden for the first five months of her pregnancy. George is stepmother to Eddie's son, Jaire David, whom she refers to as her oldest son, and the godmother of Coko's oldest son, Jazz.