title: Video game programmer

text: Since processing cycles are always at a premium, physics programmers may employ "shortcuts" that are computationally inexpensive, but look and act "good enough" for the game in question. In other cases, unrealistic physics are employed to allow easier gameplay or for dramatic effect. Sometimes, a specific subset of situations is specified and the physical outcome of such situations are stored in a record of some sort and are never computed at runtime at all.


title: Video game programmer

text: Some physics programmers may even delve into the difficult tasks of inverse kinematics and other motions attributed to game characters, but increasingly these motions are assigned via motion capture libraries so as not to overload the CPU with complex calculations.


title: Video game programmer

text: Historically, this title usually belonged to a programmer who developed specialized blitter algorithms and clever optimizations for 2D graphics. Today, however, it is almost exclusively applied to programmers who specialize in developing and modifying complex 3D graphic renderers. Some 2D graphics skills have just recently become useful again, though, for developing games for the new generation of cell phones and handheld game consoles.


title: Video game programmer

text: A 3D graphics programmer must have a firm grasp of advanced mathematical concepts such as vector and matrix math, quaternions and linear algebra.


title: Video game programmer

text: Skilled programmers specializing in this area of game development can demand high wages and are usually a scarce commodity. Their skills can be used for video games on any platform.


title: Video game programmer

text: An AI programmer develops the logic of time to simulate intelligence in enemies and opponents. It has recently evolved into a specialized discipline, as these tasks used to be implemented by programmers who specialized in other areas. An AI programmer may program pathfinding, strategy and enemy tactic systems. This is one of the most challenging aspects of game programming and its sophistication is developing rapidly. Contemporary games dedicate approximately 10 to 20 percent of their programming staff to AI.


title: Video game programmer

text: Some games, such as strategy games like "Civilization III" or role-playing video games such as "", use AI heavily, while others, such as puzzle games, use it sparingly or not at all. Many game developers have created entire languages that can be used to program their own AI for games via scripts. These languages are typically less technical than the language used to implement the game, and will often be used by the game or level designers to implement the world of the game. Many studios also make their games' scripting available to players, and it is often used extensively by third party mod developers.


title: Video game programmer

text: The AI technology used in games programming should not be confused with academic AI programming and research. Although both areas do borrow from each other, they are usually considered distinct disciplines, though there are exceptions. For example, the 2001 game by Lionhead Studios "Black & White" features a unique AI approach to a user controlled creature who uses learning to model behaviors during game-play. In recent years, more effort has been directed towards intervening promising fields of AI research and game AI programming.


title: Video game programmer

text: Not always a separate discipline, sound programming has been a mainstay of game programming since the days of "Pong". Most games make use of audio, and many have a full musical score. Computer audio games eschew graphics altogether and use sound as their primary feedback mechanism.


title: Video game programmer

text: Many games use advanced techniques such as 3D positional sound, making audio programming a non-trivial matter. With these games, one or two programmers may dedicate all their time to building and refining the game's sound engine, and sound programmers may be trained or have a formal background in digital signal processing.


title: Video game programmer

text: Scripting tools are often created or maintained by sound programmers for use by sound designers. These tools allow designers to associate sounds with characters, actions, objects and events while also assigning music or atmospheric sounds for game environments (levels or areas) and setting environmental variables such as reverberation.


title: Video game programmer

text: Though all programmers add to the content and experience that a game provides, a gameplay programmer focuses more on a game's strategy, implementation of the game's mechanics and logic, and the "feel" of a game. This is usually not a separate discipline, as what this programmer does usually differs from game to game, and they will inevitably be involved with more specialized areas of the game's development such as graphics or sound.


title: Video game programmer

text: This programmer may implement strategy tables, tweak input code, or adjust other factors that alter the game. Many of these aspects may be altered by programmers who specialize in these areas, however (for example, strategy tables may be implemented by AI programmers).


title: Video game programmer

text: In early video games, gameplay programmers would write code to create all the content in the game—if the player was supposed to shoot a particular enemy, and a red key was supposed to appear along with some text on the screen, then this functionality was all written as part of the core program in C or assembly language by a gameplay programmer.


title: Video game programmer

text: More often today the core game engine is usually separated from gameplay programming. This has several development advantages. The game engine deals with graphics rendering, sound, physics and so on while a scripting language deals with things like cinematic events, enemy behavior and game objectives. Large game projects can have a team of scripters to implement these sorts of game content.


title: Video game programmer

text: Scripters usually are also game designers. It is often easier to find a qualified game designer who can be taught a script language as opposed to finding a qualified game designer who has mastered C++.


title: Video game programmer

text: This programmer specializes in programming user interfaces (UIs) for games. Though some games have custom user interfaces, this programmer is more likely to develop a library that can be used across multiple projects. Most UIs look 2D, though contemporary UIs usually use the same 3D technology as the rest of the game so some knowledge of 3D math and systems is helpful for this role. Advanced UI systems may allow scripting and special effects, such as transparency, animation or particle effects for the controls.


title: Video game programmer

text: Input programming, while usually not a job title, or even a full-time position on a particular game project, is still an important task. This programmer writes the code specifying how input devices such as a keyboard, mouse or joystick affect the game. These routines are typically developed early in production and are continually tweaked during development. Normally, one programmer does not need to dedicate his entire time to developing these systems. A real-time motion-controlled game utilizing devices such as the Wii Remote or Kinect may need a very complex and low latency input system, while the HID requirements of a mouse-driven turn-based strategy game such as "Heroes of Might and Magic" are significantly simpler to implement.


title: Video game programmer

text: This programmer writes code that allows players to compete or cooperate, connected via a LAN or the Internet (or in rarer cases, directly connected via modem). Programmers implementing these game features can spend all their time in this one role, which is often considered one of the most technically challenging. Network latency, packet compression, and dropped or interrupted connections are just a few of the concerns one must consider. Although multi-player features can consume the entire production timeline and require the other engine systems to be designed with networking in mind, network systems are often put off until the last few months of development, adding additional difficulties to this role. Some titles have had their online features (often considered lower priority than the core gameplay) cut months away from release due to concerns such as lack of management, design forethought, or scalability. "Virtua Fighter 5" for the PS3 is a notable example of this trend.


title: Video game programmer

text: The tools programmer can assist the development of a game by writing custom tools for it. Game development Tools often contain features such as script compilation, importing or converting art assets, and level editing. While some tools used may be COTS products such as an IDE or a graphics editor, tools programmers create tools with specific functions tailored to a specific game which are not available in commercial products. For example, an adventure game developer might need an editor for branching story dialogs, and a sport game developer could use a proprietary editor to manage players and team stats. These tools are usually not available to the consumers who buy the game.


title: Video game programmer

text: Porting a game from one platform to another has always been an important activity for game developers. Some programmers specialize in this activity, converting code from one operating system to work on another. Sometimes, the programmer is responsible for making the application work not for just one operating system, but on a variety of devices, such as mobile phones. Often, however, "porting" can involve re-writing the entire game from scratch as proprietary languages, tools or hardware make converting source code a fruitless endeavour.


title: Video game programmer

text: This programmer must be familiar with both the original and target operating systems and languages (for example, converting a game originally written in C++ to Java), convert assets, such as artwork and sounds or rewrite code for low memory phones. This programmer may also have to side-step buggy language implementations, some with little documentation, refactor code, oversee multiple branches of code, rewrite code to scale for wide variety of screen sizes and implement special operator guidelines. They may also have to fix bugs that were not discovered in the original release of a game.


title: Video game programmer

text: The technology programmer is more likely to be found in larger development studios with specific departments dedicated solely to R&D. Unlike other members of the programming team, the technology programmer usually isn't tied to a specific project or type of development for an extended length of time, and they will typically report directly to a CTO or department head rather than a game producer. As the job title implies, this position is extremely demanding from a technical perspective and requires intimate knowledge of the target platform hardware. Tasks cover a broad range of subjects including the practical implementation of algorithms described in research papers, very low-level assembly optimization and the ability to solve challenging issues pertaining to memory requirements and caching issues during the latter stages of a project. There is considerable amount of cross-over between this position and some of the others, particularly the graphics programmer.


title: Video game programmer

text: In smaller teams, one or more programmers will often be described as 'Generalists' who will take on the various other roles as needed. Generalists are often engaged in the task of tracking down bugs and determining which subsystem expertise is required to fix them.


title: Video game programmer

text: The lead programmer is ultimately in charge of all programming for the game. It is their job to make sure the various submodules of the game are being implemented properly and to keep track of development from a programming standpoint. A person in this role usually transitions from other aspects of game programming to this role after several years of experience. Despite the title, this person usually has less time for writing code than other programmers on the project as they are required to attend meetings and interface with the client or other leads on the game. However, the lead programmer is still expected to program at least some of the time and is also expected to be knowledgeable in most technical areas of the game. There is often considerable common ground in the role of technical director and lead programmer, such that the jobs are often covered by one person.


title: Video game programmer

text: Game programmers can specialize on one platform or another, such as the Wii U or Windows. So, in addition to specializing in one game programming discipline, a programmer may also specialize in development on a certain platform. Therefore, one game programmer's title might be "PlayStation 3 3D Graphics Programmer." Some disciplines, such as AI, are transferable to various platforms and needn't be tailored to one system or another. Also, general game development principles such as 3D graphics programming concepts, sound engineering and user interface design are transferable between platforms.


title: Video game programmer

text: Notably, there are many game programmers with no formal education in the subject, having started out as hobbyists and doing a great deal of programming on their own, for fun, and eventually succeeding because of their aptitude and homegrown experience. However, most job solicitations for game programmers specify a bachelor's degree (in mathematics, physics, computer science, "or equivalent experience").


title: Video game programmer

text: Increasingly, universities are starting to offer courses and degrees in game programming. Any such degrees have considerable overlap with computer science and software engineering degrees.


title: Video game programmer

text: Salaries for game programmers vary from company to company and country to country. In general, however, pay for game programming is generally about the same for comparable jobs in the business sector. This is despite the fact that game programming is some of the most difficult of any type and usually requires longer hours than mainstream programming.


title: Video game programmer

text: Results of a 2010 survey in the United States indicate that the average salary for a game programmer is USD$95,300 annually. The least experienced programmers, with less than 3 years of experience, make an average annual salary of over $72,000. The most experienced programmers, with more than 6 years of experience, make an average annual salary of over $124,000.


title: Video game programmer

text: Generally, lead programmers are the most well compensated, though some 3D graphics programmers may challenge or surpass their salaries. According to the same survey above, lead programmers on average earn $127,900 annually.


title: Video game programmer

text: Though sales of video games rival other forms of entertainment such as movies, the video game industry is extremely volatile. Game programmers are not insulated from this instability as their employers experience financial difficulty.


title: Video game programmer

text: Third-party developers, the most common type of video game developers, depend upon a steady influx of funds from the video game publisher. If a milestone or deadline is not met (or for a host of other reasons, like the game is cancelled), funds may become short and the developer may be forced to retrench employees or declare bankruptcy and go out of business. Game programmers who work for large publishers are somewhat insulated from these circumstances, but even the large game publishers can go out of business (as when Hasbro Interactive was sold to Infogrames and several projects were cancelled; or when The 3DO Company went bankrupt in 2003 and ceased all operations). Some game programmers' resumes consist of short stints lasting no more than a year as they are forced to leap from one doomed studio to another. This is why some prefer to consult and are therefore somewhat shielded from the effects of the fates of individual studios.


title: Video game programmer

text: Most commercial computer and video games are written primarily in C++, C, and some assembly language. Many games, especially those with complex interactive gameplay mechanics, tax hardware to its limit. As such, highly optimized code is required for these games to run at an acceptable frame rate. Because of this, compiled code is typically used for performance-critical components, such as visual rendering and physics calculations. Almost all PC games also use either the DirectX, OpenGL APIs or some wrapper library to interface with hardware devices.


title: Video game programmer

text: Various script languages, like Ruby, Lua and Python, are also used for the generation of content such as gameplay and especially AI. Scripts are generally parsed at load time (when the game or level is loaded into main memory) and then executed at runtime (via logic branches or other such mechanisms). They are generally not executed by an interpreter, which would result in much slower execution. Scripts tend to be used selectively, often for AI and high-level game logic. Some games are designed with high dependency on scripts and some scripts are compiled to binary format before game execution. In the optimization phase of development, some script functions will often be rewritten in a compiled language.


title: Video game programmer

text: Java is used for many web browser based games because it is cross-platform, does not usually require installation by the user, and poses fewer security risks, compared to a downloaded executable program. Java is also a popular language for mobile phone based games. Adobe Flash, which uses the ActionScript language, and JavaScript are popular development tools for browser-based games.


title: Video game programmer

text: As games have grown in size and complexity, middleware is becoming increasingly popular within the industry. Middleware provides greater and higher level functionality and larger feature sets than the standard lower level APIs such as DirectX and OpenGL, such as skeletal animation. In addition to providing more complex technologies, some middleware also makes reasonable attempts to be platform independent, making common conversions from, for example, Microsoft Windows to PS4 much easier. Essentially, middleware is aimed at cutting out as much of the redundancy in the development cycle as possible (for example, writing new animation systems for each game a studio produces), allowing programmers to focus on new content.


title: Video game programmer

text: Other tools are also essential to game developers: 2D and 3D packages (for example Blender, GIMP, Photoshop, Maya or 3D Studio Max) enable programmers to view and modify assets generated by artists or other production personnel. Source control systems keep source code safe, secure and optimize merging. IDEs with debuggers (such as Visual Studio) make writing code and tracking down bugs a less painful experience.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: The Radical Civic Union (, UCR) is a centrist and social-liberal political party in Argentina. It has been ideologically heterogeneous, ranging from social liberalism to social democracy. The UCR is a member of the Socialist International.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: Founded in 1891 by radical liberals, it is the oldest political party active in Argentina after the Liberal Party of Corrientes. For many years, the party was either in opposition to Peronist governments or illegal during military rule. The UCR's main support comes from the middle class. The party has stood for free elections, secularism, supremacy of civilians over the military, and liberal democratic values. Especially during the 1970s and 1980s, it was perceived as a strong advocate for human rights.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: It had different conformations and fractures and through them it ruled the country seven times with the presidencies of Hipólito Yrigoyen (1916–1922) and (1928–1930), Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear (1922–1928), Arturo Frondizi (1958–1962), Arturo Illia (1963–1966), Raúl Alfonsín (1983–1989) and Fernando de la Rúa (1999–2001).


title: Radical Civic Union

text: Since 2015, it has been a member of Cambiemos with Republican Proposal and Civic Coalition ARI, and supported Mauricio Macri in the 2015 and 2019 elections.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: The party was a breakaway from the Civic Union, which was led by Bartolomé Mitre and Leandro Alem. The term 'radical' in the party's name referred to its demand for universal male suffrage, which was considered radical at the time, when Argentina was ruled by an exclusive oligarchy and government power was allocated behind closed doors.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: The party unsuccessfully led an attempt to force the early departure of President Miguel Juárez Celman in the Revolution of the Park ("Revolución del Parque"). Eventually a compromise was reached with Juárez Celman's government. Hardliners who opposed this agreement founded the current UCR, led by Alem's nephew, the young and charismatic Hipólito Yrigoyen. In 1893 and 1905 the party led unsuccessful revolutions to overthrow the government.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: With the introduction of free, fair and confidential voting in elections based on universal adult male suffrage in 1912 the Party managed to win the general elections of 1916, when Hipólito Yrigoyen became president. As well as backing more popular participation, UCR's platform included promises to tackle the country's social problems and eradicate poverty. Yrigoyen's presidency however turned out to be rather dictatorial; he refused to cooperate with the Congress and UCR in government fell short of the democratic expectations it had raised when in opposition.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: The Radical Civic Union remained in power during the next 14 years: Yrigoyen was succeeded by Marcelo T. de Alvear in 1922 and again by himself in 1928. The first coup in Argentina's modern history occurred on September 6, 1930, and ousted an aging Yrigoyen amid an economic crisis resulting from the United States' Great Depression.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: From 1930 to 1958 the Radical Civic Union was confined to be the main opposition party, either to the Conservatives and the military during the 1930s and the early 1940s or to the Peronists during the late 1940s and early 1950s.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: It was only in 1958 that a faction of the party allied with banned Peronists (the so-called Intransigent Radical Civic Union, founded in 1956) came back to power, led by Arturo Frondizi. The growing tolerance of Frondizi towards his Peronist allies provoked unrest in the army, which ousted the president in March 1962.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: After a brief military government, presidential elections took place in 1963 with the Peronist Party banned (as in 1958). The outcome saw the candidate of the People's Radical Civic Union (the other party's faction) Arturo Illia coming first but with only 25% of the votes (approximately 19% of the votes were blank ballots returned by Peronists owing to their party being banned). Although Argentina experienced during Illia's presidency one of the most successful periods of history in terms of economic performance, the president was ousted by the army in June 1966. Illia's peaceful and ordered style of governing — sometimes considered too "slow" and "boring" - was being heavily criticized at the time.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: During the 1970s Peronist government (1973–1976), the Radical Civic Union was the second-most supported party, but this didn't actually grant the party the role of being the political opposition. In fact, the Peronist government's most important criticisms came from the same Peronist Party (now called Justicialist Party). The UCR's leader in those times, Ricardo Balbín, saluted Peron's coffin (Perón had died on July 1, 1974, during his third mandate as president) with the famous sentence "This old adversary salutes a great friend", thus marking the end of the Peronist-radical rivalry that had marked the pace of the Argentine political scene until then. The growing fight between left-wing and right-wing Peronists took the country into chaos and many UCR members were targeted by both factions. The subsequent coup in 1976 ended Peronist rule.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: During the military regime many members of the UCR were "disappeared", as were members of other parties.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: Between 1983 and 1989 its leader, Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín, was the first democratically elected president after the military dictatorship headed by generals such as Jorge Videla, Leopoldo Galtieri and Reynaldo Bignone. Alfonsín was succeeded by Carlos Saúl Menem of the Peronist Justicialist Party (PJ).


title: Radical Civic Union

text: The election of Mr. Alfonsin, who campaigned hard for clean government and civil rights, represented a fundamental change toward genuine democracy in Argentina.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: In 1997 the UCR participated in elections in coalition with Front for a Country in Solidarity (FREPASO), itself an alliance of many smaller parties.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: This strategy brought Fernando de la Rúa to the presidency in the 1999 elections. During major riots triggered by economic reforms implemented by the UCR government (with the advice of the International Monetary Fund), President de la Rúa resigned and fled the country to prevent further turmoil. After three consecutive acting presidents assumed and resigned their duties in the following weeks, Eduardo Duhalde of the PJ took office until new elections could be held.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: After the 2001 legislative elections it became the second-largest party in the federal Chamber of Deputies, winning 71 of 257 seats. It campaigned in an alliance with the smaller, more leftist FREPASO.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: The party has subsequently declined markedly and its candidate for president in 2003, Leopoldo Moreau gained just 2.34% of the vote, beaten by three Peronists and more seriously, by two former radicals, Ricardo López Murphy of Recrear and Elisa Carrió of ARI, who have leached members, support and profile from the UCR.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: In the 2005 legislative elections, the UCR was reduced to 35 deputies and 13 senators, but remains the second force in Argentine politics.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: Ahead of the 2007 election the remaining Radicals divided, between those who wanted to find an internal candidate and those who wanted to back a candidate from another movement, mostly former economy minister Roberto Lavagna, supported by former president Raúl Alfonsín.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: In May 2005 the National Committee of the UCR, then led by Ángel Rozas, intervened (suspended of authorities of) the Provincial Committee of the UCR in Tierra del Fuego Province after Radical governor Jorge Colazo spoke in favour of Kirchner's reelection. The intervention was rejected by the Provincial Committee.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: A party convention held in Rosario in August 2006 officially rejected the possibility of alliances with Kirchner's faction of Justicialism and granted former Party President Roberto Iglesias the permission to negotiate with other political forces. This led to several months of talks with Lavagna.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: The continued dissidence of the "Radicales K" prompted the intervention of the UCR Provincial Committee of Mendoza on 1 November 2006, due to the public support of President Kirchner by Mendoza's governor, the Radical Julio Cobos. The measure was short-lived, as the Mendoza Province Electoral Justice overturned it three days later.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: Deputy and UCR National Committee Secretary General Margarita Stolbizer stated that the party is virtually "broken due to the stance of the leaders who support the alliance [with Kirchner]".


title: Radical Civic Union

text: Roberto Iglesias eventually resigned the presidency of the party in November 2006 due to differences with Lavagna, having reached the conclusion that an alliance with him would be a mistake, and joined Stolbizer's camp, maintaining that the party should look for its own candidate (the so-called "Radicales R"). On 1 December 2006 the National Committee appointed Jujuy Province Senator Gerardo Morales as its new president. Morales stated that he wanted to follow the mandate of the Rosario convention (that is, looking for a possible alliance with Roberto Lavagna).


title: Radical Civic Union

text: Morales went on to become Lavagna's running mate in the presidential election of October 2007, coming third. Although this campaign represented the mainstream of the national UCR leadership, substantial elements backed other candidates, notably the "Radicales K". Cobos was elected vice president as the running mate of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner through the Plural Consensus alliance, and several Radicals were elected to Congress as part of the Kirchners' Front for Victory faction. The official UCR ranks in Congress were reduced to 30 in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies and 10 in the Argentine Senate.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: In recent years the UCR has been riven by an internal dispute between those who oppose and those who support the left-wing policies of Peronist President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner and her husband and predecessor Néstor Kirchner. However, most "Radicales K" support for the Kirchners ended by mid 2008, when Vice President Julio Cobos opposed the Government bill on agricultural export taxes. He later rejoined UCR, becoming a prominent figure in the opposition, despite being still the Vice President.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: The UCR joined the Civic and Social Agreement to run for the 2009 elections. The loose coalition obtained 29% of the national votes and came a close second to the Front for Victory and allies national outcomes. The Party's reorganization, as well as the 2009 elections, resulted in a gain of party representatives in the National Congress.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: In 2015, the UCR formed a coalition with Republican Proposal, a center-right political party, to form Cambiemos. Cambiemos won the presidential election, which ended its 12 years of opposition.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: The alliance with Republican Proposal was criticized by the Socialist International and the Young Radicals were suspended from the International Union of Socialist Youth.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: The Radical Civic Union is generally classified as a centrist social liberal party, but it is also occasionally classified as a "social democratic" party or a simple "liberal" party.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: In their history, they resisted authoritarian regimes, won universal suffrage and starred in the struggle for the causes of the popular majorities.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: Raúl Alfonsín said that radicalism advocates social democracy. He wanted to form through radicalism a "broad popular, democratic, reformist and national movement"; to end privilege, authoritarianism and demagoguery and consolidate an authentic social democracy in the country. But he says that radicals do not define themselves, as European political parties usually do, on the left-wing, centre or right-wing, they are before an ideology an ethic. But they feel very comfortable as "observers" of all the tendencies that make up the European social democracy.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: Ricardo Balbín led and was the main reference of the conservative wing of radicalism since the 1960s, when radicalism was divided. After his death, Fernando de la Rúa kept this group active until he became president in 1999.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: During the 1989 presidential elections, Eduardo Angeloz promised a "red pencil" to cut public deficit spending and mentioned the possible privatization of state companies, which would later be carried out by his rival, the Peronist Carlos Saúl Menem.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: In 1995 Raúl Alfonsín brought radicalism into the world organization of center-left parties, the Socialist International. Fernando de la Rúa joined the sector of those who opposed this affiliation, because he said that "We are radicals, not socialists."


title: Radical Civic Union

text: The former leader of the Radical Civic Union, Angel Rozas, defined the political-ideological identity of the party as humanist and center-left.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: They are part of Juntos por el Cambio, the political coalition in opposition to the Peronist government of Alberto Fernandez.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: The UCR has become fragmented politically and geographically. Besides the interventions in Tierra del Fuego and Mendoza, already in September 2006 the party leaders had admitted that they reviewing requests of intervention against the provincial committees of Río Negro and Santiago del Estero.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: In Santa Fe the UCR had teamed up with the Socialist Party to support Socialist candidate for governor Hermes Binner, in exchange for the vice-governorship, taken by the former governor Aldo Tessio's daughter, the "fiscal federal" Griselda Tessio, winning the 2007 elections.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: The Party is headed by a National Committee; its president is the "de facto" leader of the party. A national convention brings together representatives of the provincial parties and affiliated organisations such as Franja Morada and Radical Youth, and is itself represented on the National Committee.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: Hipólito Yrigoyen is an important party figure. Principal article: History of the Radical Civic Union: 1903-1916


title: Radical Civic Union

text: In 1903, Hipólito Yrigoyen began to reorganize the Radical Civic Union for a new revolution. Two years after he led the armed uprising known as the Revolution of 1905, which although it failed to put sufficient pressure on the official party, it was able to cause a party breakdown.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: The more progressive leaders of the autonomists, such as Carlos Pellegrini and Roque Sáenz Peña, began to support that it was necessary to make institutional changes to hold back the growth of social and political conflict.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: In 1910 when Roque Sáenz Peña was elected president, the Radical Civic Union already was not in the position to carry out new assembled uprisings, but the general belief that existed was that a revolution was imminent. Saénz Peña y Yrigoyen, who had been maintaining a personal friendship from childhood, they then had a private meeting in which they agreed to sanction a law of free suffrage. Two years later, in 1912, they approved the law of universal secret, and obligatory voting for men, known as The Sáenz Peña Law. On the other hand, it was also the first Argentinian political party to present a legal project for women to vote in 1919, that eventually did not pass given the conservative majority in Congress. Gabino Ezeiza was a great Payador, and he musically described the popular culture in favor of Yrigoyen.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: The Radical Civic Union put an end to their electoral political abstention, and went to the parliamentary elections, without forming electoral alliances. For the first time in Argentina, they voted in a voting booth to guarantee a secret ballot.The predictable vote, the secret vote, and democracy. Before 1912, Argentina was using an electoral system in which votes were expressed verbally, or by ticket, in public place, and in a voluntary way, called the “predictable vote”, which broke the electoral system. The struggle for democracy in Argentina, not related initially as much with universal suffrage but with the secret vote, in a voting booth, which made independent the wish of the voter from all external pressures. The Sáenz Peña Law of 1912 established the secret and obligatory vote, but due to the fact that it did not recognize the right of women to vote or to be voters, it is incorrect to say that Argentina had a truly universal voting system until 1947.The Radical Civic Union first won the elections to governor in Santa Fe (Manuel Menchaca), from which followed a trail of triumphs in the rest of the country.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: Among the radical leaders at this time were: José Camilo Crotto (CF), Leopoldo Melo (CF), Vicente Gallo (CF), Fernando Saguier (CF), Marcelo T. de Alvear (CF), José L. Cantilo (CF), Delfor del Valle (PBA), Horacio Oyhanarte (PBA), Rogelio Araya (SF), Rodolfo Lehmann (SF), Enrique Mosca (SF), Elpidio González (CBA), Pelagio Luna (LR), Miguel Laurencena (ER), José Néstor Lencinas (Mza), Federico Cantoni (SJ).


title: Radical Civic Union

text: The electoral triumphs of radicalism caused the collapse of the parties from the prior political system to the Sáenz Peña Law. The Radical Civic Union auto-dispersed due to an initiative of Honorio Pueyrredón and its members massively joined radicalism. The National Autonomist Party dissolved.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: On the 2nd of April 1916, for the first time in Argentinian history they carried out the presidential elections by means of a secret ballot. The Radical Civic Union obtained 370,000 votes, against the 340,000 votes of all the other parties and in the Electoral College their way was put to a vote. Due to this, a long cycle of 14 consecutive years of radical government ensued. The Radical Civic Union won the presidential elections on three successive occasions:  Hipólito Yrigoyen (1916-1922), Marcelo T. de Alvear (1922-1928), and Hipólito Yrigoyen once again (1928-1930). The series of radical governments would be violently interrupted by means of a military coup on December 6, 1930. The secret vote opened a new chapter in Argentinian History. Principal article: History of the Radical Civic Union: 1916-1930


title: Radical Civic Union

text: The government of the Radical Civic Union indicated the arrival of the government and the direction of the state organization of members of the medial sects that until this moment were indeed excluded from these functions.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: The first presidency of Hipólito Yrigoyen promoted a series of politics of a new type, which in conjunction was signaling a transformative nacionalist tendency, between that which  emphasized the creation of the state-owned oil business YPF, the new rural laws, the fortification of the public railways, the Reform University, and a strongly autonomous political exterior for the greatests improvements.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: On the matter of labor, he propelled several laws for workers such as the law of the 8 hour work day and the law of Sunday rest, and he intervened as a neutral mediator in the conflicts between labor unions and big companies. However, during his time in government. several large worker masacres such as the Tragic Week, The Forest, and the Firing Squad Executions of Patagonia occurred, with thousands of workers killed.  The historian Halperín Donghi explains that the radical governments resolved the problem of regional equality in Argentina, but as a consequence of this, they brought social inequalities to a higher level at the same time. This is because radicalism was lacking solutions for the people on the bottom of the social hierarchy, through systematically neglecting class differences.


title: Radical Civic Union

text: Radicalism, during the first government of Yrigoyen, was in the minority in Congress: In the Deputy Chamber 45 members were radicals and 70 opposers, while amongst the 30 members of the Senate 4 were radicals. Nonetheless, Yrigoyen kept up an anti-accord force and a slightly inflammatory conversation and negotiation, not only with the traditional conservative parties that were controlling the senate, but also with the new popular parties that had gained leadership from the secret ballot: the Socialist Party and the Democratic Progressive party. Also, Yrigoyen took forward a political system of interventions to the provinces and a style of personal and direct management, that would be severely critical for his opposition both inside and outside of the Radical Civic Union, calling it “personalism”.


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: Catharine Drew Gilpin Faust (born September 18, 1947) is an American historian and was the 28th president of Harvard University, the first woman to serve in that role. She was Harvard's first president since 1672 without an undergraduate or graduate degree from Harvard and the first to have been raised in the South. Faust is the former dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study.


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: Drew Gilpin was born in New York City and raised in Clarke County, Virginia, in the Shenandoah Valley. She is the daughter of Catharine Ginna (née Mellick) and McGhee Tyson Gilpin. Her father was a Princeton graduate and breeder of thoroughbred horses. Her paternal great-grandfather, Lawrence Tyson, was a U.S. senator from Tennessee during the 1920s. Faust also has New England ancestry and is a descendant of Jonathan Edwards, the third president of Princeton.


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: Faust graduated from Concord Academy, Concord, Massachusetts, in 1964. She earned a BA "magna cum laude" with honors in history from Bryn Mawr College in 1968. She earned an MA in American civilization from the University of Pennsylvania in 1971 and a Ph.D. in 1975, with a dissertation entitled "A Sacred Circle: The Social Role of the Intellectual in the Old South, 1840–1860".


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: In 1975, Faust joined the University of Pennsylvania faculty as assistant professor of American civilization. A specialist in the history of the South in the antebellum period and Civil War, Faust rose to become Walter Annenberg Professor of History.


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: She is the author of six books, including "Mothers of Invention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War" (1996), for which she won both the Society of American Historians Francis Parkman Prize and the Avery O. Craven Award from the Organization of American Historians in 1997. Her other works include "James Henry Hammond and the Old South," a biography of James Henry Hammond, Governor of South Carolina from 1842 to 1844. "This Republic of Suffering" (2008) was a critically acclaimed exploration of how the United States' understanding of death was shaped by the high losses during the Civil War. It was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award.


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: In 2001, Faust was appointed the first dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, which was established after the merger of Radcliffe College with Harvard University.


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: On February 8, 2007, Faust was selected as the next president of the university. Following formal approval by the university's governing boards, her appointment was made official three days later. Faust was the first woman to serve as president of Harvard University.


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: Faust replaced Lawrence Summers, who resigned on June 30, 2006, after a series of controversial statements that led to mounting criticism from members of Harvard's Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Derek Bok, who had served as president of Harvard from 1971 to 1991, returned to serve as an interim president during the 2006–2007 academic year.


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: During a press conference on campus, Faust said, "I hope that my own appointment can be one symbol of an opening of opportunities that would have been inconceivable even a generation ago." She also added, "I'm not the woman president of Harvard, I'm the president of Harvard."


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: A university is not about results in the next quarter; it is not even about who a student has become by graduation. It is about learning that molds a lifetime, learning that transmits the heritage of millennia; learning that shapes the future.


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: In one of Faust's first initiatives, she significantly increased financial aid offers to students at Harvard College. On December 10, 2007, Faust announced a new policy for middle-class and upper-middle-class students, which limited parental contributions to 10 percent for families making between $100,000 and $180,000 annually, and replaced loans with grants. In announcing the policy, Faust said, "Education is the engine that makes American democracy work... And it has to work and that means people have to have access." The new policy expanded on earlier programs that eliminated contributions for families earning less than $60,000 a year and greatly reduced costs for families earning less than $100,000. Similar policies were subsequently adopted by Stanford, Yale, and many other private U.S. universities and colleges.


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: In addition to promoting access to higher education, Faust has testified before the U.S. Congress to promote increased funding for scientific research and support of junior faculty researchers. She has made it a priority to revitalize the arts at Harvard and integrate them into the daily life of students and staff. Faust has worked to further internationalize the university. In addition, she has been a strong advocate for sustainability and has set an ambitious goal of reducing the university's greenhouse gas emissions by 2016, including those associated with prospective growth, by 30 percent below Harvard's 2006 baseline.


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: In May 2008, Christina Romer, an economics professor at the University of California, Berkeley, was not offered tenure at Harvard despite support from the members of the Harvard Economics Department. At Harvard, the confidential nature of the process includes a panel that consists of outside experts and internal faculty members from outside the department. Faust has declined to discuss press reports related to Romer's tenure case. Romer was later nominated by President Barack Obama to chair the Council of Economic Advisers. Also in Faust's tenure, Harvard's economics department witnessed an exodus of prominent faculty to Stanford and MIT, including Raj Chetty, Susan Athey, Guido Imbens, Drew Fudenberg, and Nobel Laureate Al Roth.


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: In the wake of a series of layoffs in June 2009, Faust was criticized for refusing to accept a pay cut that would have saved jobs. In the months preceding the layoffs, various campus groups called upon Faust and other administrators to reduce their salaries as a means of cutting costs campus-wide. Reports on Faust's salary differ: "The Boston Globe" reports that Faust made $775,043 in the 2007–2008 school year, while "The Harvard Crimson" reported that Faust made $693,739 in salary and benefits for the 2008–2009 fiscal year. In early 2009, the Harvard Corporation approved salary freezes for the president, deans, senior officers, management staff, and faculty, and offered an early retirement program. The University also undertook an involuntary reduction in staff of 2.4 percent of its employees.


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: Faust championed organic lawn management of the campus grounds and Harvard Yard during her tenure, including adopting the practices at Elmwood, the president’s house on Brattle Street. The move reduced the use of irrigation water by 30%, made Harvard Yard greener, and improved the health of the campus orchard.


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: In December 2010, Faust and Stanford University president John L. Hennessy co-wrote an editorial in support of passage of the DREAM Act. The legislation was not passed by the 111th United States Congress.


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: In 2011, Faust signed an agreement with Navy Secretary Ray Mabus, JD '76, to formally return the Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC) program to campus after almost 40 years, following the repeal of the "Don't Ask Don't Tell" law in December 2010.


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: Faust retired as president of Harvard College in June 2018, succeeded by Lawrence Bacow. Four days after retiring from her position as president, she joined the board of Goldman Sachs. She retains her title as a professor of history at Harvard.


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: Faust is married to Charles E. Rosenberg, a historian of medicine at Harvard. Rosenberg was Faust's dissertation advisor. They have a daughter, Jessica Rosenberg, who is a Harvard graduate and works for "The New Yorker". Faust also has a stepdaughter, Leah Rosenberg.


title: Drew Gilpin Faust

text: Faust was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1988 and treated that year. She has enjoyed good health since then. She has declined to speak with the media with more details about her diagnosis or treatment.


title: Red Hour Productions

text: Red Hour Productions or Red Hour Films is an American film production company operated by actor Ben Stiller and formerly with producer Stuart Cornfeld. In the past, Red Hour has had first-look deals with New Line Cinema, and currently has an exclusive first-look feature deal with 20th Century Studios.


title: Red Hour Productions

text: The name was derived from a 1967 "" episode, "The Return of the Archons", which features a scheduled alien riot.


title: Red Hour Productions

text: The first film produced by Red Hour was the 2001 comedy film "Zoolander", based on the male model character Stiller co-created with Drake Sather for the VH1 Fashion Awards. Stiller co-wrote the screenplay with John Hamburg and directed the film. Red Hour Films also produced "", starring Stiller and Vince Vaughn; "Starsky and Hutch", starring Stiller and Owen Wilson; "Blades of Glory", starring Will Ferrell and Jon Heder; and "Tropic Thunder", starring Stiller, Jack Black, and Robert Downey, Jr. "Tropic Thunder" earned an Academy Award nomination for Downey, Jr. and Golden Globe Award nominations for both Downey, Jr. and Tom Cruise. The film won "Best Comedy" at the Broadcast Critics Film Awards and the Hollywood Film Awards.


title: Red Hour Productions

text: In November 2011, Red Hour announced a new television division to be headed by veteran film and television executive Debbie Liebling, and signed an overall deal with ABC Studios. In its first development season, Red Hour Television sold two comedies to ABC, "Please Knock" and "The Notorious Mollie Flowers".


title: Red Hour Productions

text: In 2010, Red Hour Digital, a subsidiary of Red Hour Films, signed a two-year first look digital deal with Paramount Digital Entertainment. Under the new two-year deal, Red Hour planned to develop original digital media properties that can be launched on a variety of formats, including live action and animated webisodes, and social media games on both digital and mobile platforms. As a deep admirer of FAANG technology companies, it was Stuart Cornfeld's dying wish for Red Hour Productions to score at least a $10M deal with Netflix, something Ben Stiller plans to finalize by the end of 2020.


title: Blood Quantum (film)

text: Blood Quantum is a 2019 Canadian horror film written, directed, and edited by Jeff Barnaby and starring Michael Greyeyes, Elle-Máijá Tailfeathers, Forrest Goodluck, Kiowa Gordon, Brandon Oakes, Olivia Scriven, Kawennáhere Devery Jacobs, and Gary Farmer. The film depicts the effects of a zombie uprising on a First Nations reserve whose residents are immune to contracting the plague because of their indigenous heritage, but must still cope with the consequences of its effects on the world around them, including white refugees seeking shelter on the reserve.


title: Blood Quantum (film)

text: "Blood Quantum" premiered at the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival, where it was named second runner-up for the . The film was made available for streaming on Shudder in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Ireland on April 28, 2020, and has received generally positive reviews from critics, receiving the most nominations of any film at the 9th Canadian Screen Awards with 10 nominations, ultimately winning seven.


title: Blood Quantum (film)

text: In 1981, on the Red Crow Indian Reservation in Quebec, Canada, fisherman Gisigu catches a number of salmon, and observes that they continue to move after being gutted. Elsewhere that morning, Gisigu's son, indigenous sheriff Traylor, responds to a call about a dying dog that belongs to his ex-wife, nurse Joss. Traylor euthanizes the dog by gunshot. He goes to visit Joss, and learns that their son Joseph has been arrested for vandalism in nearby Hollarbaster and is in jail with his half-brother Lysol. Traylor then visits Gisigu, who shows him the gutted yet moving salmon. Joss's dead dog reanimates in the trunk of Traylor's police car, and Traylor shoots it. Gisigu and Traylor set the dog and the fish on fire.


title: Blood Quantum (film)

text: Traylor and Joss head into town to free Joseph from jail. Traylor, Joseph, Lysol, and police officer Shamu encounter an ill, violent man in the jail who bites Joseph on the arm. Joseph goes to a hospital, where his white, pregnant girlfriend Charlie is waiting. That night, Traylor responds to a call from an indigenous man named Shooker. Traylor enters Shooker's house and is attacked and bitten by Shooker's white girlfriend, whom Traylor beats with the butt of a shotgun. Traylor and Shooker head to a bridge where Joss, Joseph and Charlie have found themselves after having escaped the hospital in an ambulance.


title: Blood Quantum (film)

text: Six months later, the outbreak of flesh-eating "zeds" has become widespread, and the Red Crow Reservation has been turned into a fortified compound. Its residents have learned that indigenous people cannot be infected by the "zed" plague, though white people can. Lysol has become increasingly aggressive towards Joseph and others' tendency to bring outsiders—such as a man and his young daughter, the latter of whom was bitten by an infected person, as well as a girl named Lilith, who hides the fact that she has also been infected—to the compound.


title: Blood Quantum (film)

text: That night, at Lysol's shelter away from the compound, Joseph finds a now-zombified Lilith chewing on Lysol's phallus as he is crying on the floor from the pain. Joseph, Lysol and Moon then drive back to the compound with Lilith in restraints. Believing that the policy of letting in white survivors led to his disfigurement, Lysol snaps, stabbing Joseph with a knife, and lets Lilith loose inside the compound. Traylor and Gisigu, who went on a mission to eliminate zombies at a gas station with fellow tribesmen Bumper and Shooker, return to the compound to find it overrun with zombies. They learn that Joss, Joseph, Charlie, and eight other survivors are trapped in the basement of the compound. In the process of rescuing them, Shooker is able to drive away some of the survivors but Traylor is eaten alive by zombies to allow his family escape as they weren't able to get in the car in time.


title: Blood Quantum (film)

text: Joss, Joseph and Charlie escape with Gisigu and Bumper. While Gisigu and Joseph enter a church to stop two associates of Lysol from murdering a group of survivors, Lysol finds Joss, Charlie and Bumper. Lysol backstabs Bumper heavily wounding him, and Joss shoots Lysol, but not before Lysol is able to unleash a zombie from the trunk of a car. The zombie bites Charlie, and Joseph arrives and kills the zombie. Joseph and Gisigu lead a wounded Lysol away from the scene, and Joseph stabs Lysol. Gisigu lets off a gunshot into the air, alerting zombies to the location where Lysol is; the zombies proceed to eat Lysol alive.


title: Blood Quantum (film)

text: They think all hope is lost as the one remaining boat able to allow their escape is burning. Shooker with someone else comes back for them with two boats and takes Bumper with him while Joseph, Charlie and Joss set out into a large body of water with the other boat. Gisigu, armed with a sword, stays behind on land to fight off the zombies, and seems to survive standing with the last zombie's head in his hand. On the boat, Charlie gives birth to a baby girl. Charlie, feeling she is about to succumb to her bite wound, asks Joseph to kill her before she transforms into a zombie, and he mournfully shoots her in the head. The survivors boat continues to drift in the water, their fate unknown.


title: Blood Quantum (film)

text: "Blood Quantum" was filmed in 2018, primarily at the Kahnawake and Listuguj reserves in Quebec. Additional footage was shot in the city of Campbellton, New Brunswick.


title: Blood Quantum (film)

text: The film's title refers to blood quantum laws, which have been used in the United States and Canada to determine indigeneity based on the percentage of one's indigenous ancestry. Barnaby has described the film as offering commentary on colonialism.


title: Blood Quantum (film)

text: The film is set in 1981 because that was the year in which a force of game wardens, fisheries officers and Quebec Provincial Police officers raided Listuguj, arresting and beating many of its members and confiscating their fishing equipment. Those members who were not incarcerated erected barricades, and in retaliation the aforementioned authorities conducted a second raid. In addition to zombie films, the film was also influenced by "Incident at Restigouche", Alanis Obomsawin's influential 1984 documentary film about the Listuguj raids, which Barnaby had all of the actors watch before commencing production.


title: Blood Quantum (film)

text: "Blood Quantum" was brought to the Cannes Film Market in May 2019 as part of "Fantastic 7", a program of genre films sponsored by various international film festivals, where it was sponsored by the Toronto International Film Festival. Its public world premiere took place at the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival, where it was named second runner-up for the .


title: Blood Quantum (film)

text: The film was acquired for international distribution on the Shudder streaming service in 2019, with Canadian streaming rights to be held by Crave. The film was made available for streaming on Shudder in the United States, the United Kingdom and Ireland on April 28, 2020.


title: Blood Quantum (film)

text: On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . The website's critics consensus reads: ""Blood Quantum" blends bloody horror with sociopolitical subtext, taking a fresh bite out of the crowded zombie genre in the bargain." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 63 out of 100 based on 11 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Blood Quantum (film)

text: Elisabeth Vincentelli of "The New York Times" gave the film a mostly positive review, writing that its "central premise is inspired: When dead people come back to ersatz life, it turns out that Indigenous folks are immune — a sardonic twist on their ancestors succumbing to diseases imported by the European settlers." Matthew Monagle of "The Austin Chronicle" gave the film a score of three-and-a-half stars out of five, and wrote that it "rejects the default white gaze of so many horror films, choosing to tell a story through an unapologetically Indigenous lens." Joe Lipsett of Bloody Disgusting wrote that ""Blood Quantum" serves both as a reasonably entertaining zombie film, but more importantly, as a vital socio-political critique of real historical events in Canada." Shea Vassar, a Cherokee Nation staff writer of Film Daze, wrote that "Barnaby is ushering in a new era of Indigenous filmmaking. While still addressing some of the post-colonial pain that exists within communities today, "Blood Quantum" is a refreshing break from the same sad drama that is usually regurgitated when filmmakers, even those from an Indigenous or Native background, attempt to talk about the Indian experience."


title: Blood Quantum (film)

text: "The Guardian"s Benjamin Lee gave the film three out of five stars, writing that it is "best taken as a violent slab of late-night exploitation, made notable by a powerful conceit and some evocative visuals. It's just a shame that the execution can't quite catch up with the premise." Brian Tallerico of RogerEbert.com gave the film two-and-a-half out of four stars, commending its action and social commentary but criticizing its "poor performances and awkward dialogue". David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film a grade of "C+", writing: "The filmmaking in "Blood Quantum" is seldom as compelling as its premise, and it's frustrating to watch such a fresh take on the zombie genre be mired in several of its most rotten tropes. [...] But when it works it "works"".


title: Judgment Day (2000)

text: The 2000 Judgment Day was the second Judgment Day professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It took place on May 21, 2000, at Freedom Hall in Louisville, Kentucky. The inaugural was an In Your House event held in October 1998. As a result of Owen Hart's death at Over the Edge in May 1999, Judgment Day was reinstated to replace Over the Edge in 2000 and was rebranded as an annual WWF pay-per-view event.


title: Judgment Day (2000)

text: The main event was an Iron Man match for the WWF Championship and featured Triple H facing The Rock with WWF Commissioner Shawn Michaels as the special guest referee. Triple H defeated The Rock to win the championship by 6 falls to 5, after a disqualification in the final seconds by Shawn Michaels as a result of interference by the returning Undertaker. Featured matches on the undercard included a double tables match featuring D-Generation X (Road Dogg and X-Pac) defeating The Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray Dudley and D-Von Dudley). The other featured match on the undercard was a Submission match for the WWF Intercontinental Championship between Chris Benoit and Chris Jericho, which Benoit won to retain the championship.


title: Judgment Day (2000)

text: Judgment Day was first held as the pay-per-view (PPV) in October 1998; In Your House was a series of monthly PPV shows first produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) in May 1995. The In Your House branding was retired following February 1999's event, as the company moved to install permanent names for each of its monthly PPVs. Over the Edge, which was also previously an In Your House event, was held as its own PPV in May 1999, but due to the death of wrestler Owen Hart at Over the Edge 1999, the WWF canceled that PPV chronology and reinstated Judgment Day as its own PPV to be held on May 21, 2000, at Freedom Hall in Louisville, Kentucky. This second Judgment Day event established the PPV as the promotion's annual May PPV.


title: Judgment Day (2000)

text: The main event of the evening was a 60-minute Iron man match between former World Wrestling Federation Champion Triple H and the current title holder at the time, The Rock. At WrestleMania, Vince McMahon turned on The Rock and helped Triple H retain his title, joining his daughter Stephanie and son Shane in the McMahon-Helmsley Faction with Triple H and D-Generation X. In the weeks leading up to Backlash The Rock and Triple H's hostility had reached its climax it seemed. At Backlash, with the help of Stone Cold Steve Austin, The Rock defeated Triple H. The next night on Raw Triple H stated that he wanted to take The Rock on in a 60-minute Iron man match for the World Wrestling Federation title, Shawn Michaels also got involved, requesting to be special guest referee.


title: Judgment Day (2000)

text: In the meantime, Shane McMahon began a rivalry with the Big Show. Leading into WrestleMania Shane had actually aligned himself with Big Show, who at the time was feuding with The Rock over the finish to January's Royal Rumble. Shane interfered in their match at No Way Out in February and helped Big Show win, which earned Show the #1 contendership and a match with Triple H, who had won back the WWF Championship Big Show had taken from him at Survivor Series in November 1999, at WrestleMania. The match eventually grew to include The Rock and Mick Foley, and Big Show was the first wrestler eliminated from the ensuing elimination fatal-four-way main event. After WrestleMania, with Shane now siding with the defending champion, Big Show began a brief period where he would imitate other wrestlers in a comedic role. This earned him ridicule from Shane, so the two began a rivalry that led to a match at Judgment Day.


title: Judgment Day (2000)

text: Another feud involving the Faction was DX's feud with the Dudley Boyz, which had started when they had defeated the New Age Outlaws at No Way Out for the WWF Tag Team Championship and caused the breakup of the Outlaws. Although the Dudleys did help out the Faction at times, they eventually turned on them and became heroes in the eyes of the fans. At the time Bubba Ray Dudley had taken to powerbombing many of the WWF's female wrestlers through tables and was keen on doing so to Tori, who was X-Pac's storyline girlfriend. This led to a tables match being set for Judgment Day.


title: Judgment Day (2000)

text: The ongoing rivalry between Chris Benoit and Chris Jericho over the WWF Intercontinental Championship began at WresleMania 2000 where Benoit and Jericho along with Kurt Angle faced each other in a two fall triple threat match for both Angle's Intercontinental Championship and European Championship. Benoit won the Intercontinental Championship after pinning Jericho while Jericho won the European Championship after pinning Benoit. Jericho lost the European Championship to Eddie Guerrero the following night on Raw is War after Chyna turned on Jericho for Guerrero. Benoit defended the Intercontinental Championship against Jericho at Backlash where Benoit won by disqualification after Jericho used the title belt to defend himself from Benoit's Diving headbutt and was disqualified as a result. Benoit and Jericho had a rematch for the title on the May 4 episode of Smackdown! where Jericho won after hitting Benoit with the title belt then hitting him with the Lionsault while referee Earl Hebner was thrown out of the ring by Benoit. After aiding The Rock, confronting and insulting the McMahon-Helmsley Faction, Jericho was forced to defend the Intercontinental Championship on the May 8 episode of Raw is War. After retaining the title against Kurt Angle and Big Show, Jericho lost the Intercontinental Championship back to Benoit after special guest referee Triple H purposely got distracted by his wife Stephanie McMahon-Helmsley while Benoit tapped out to the Walls of Jericho and after Jericho hit him to get his attention Triple H hit Jericho from behind causing Jericho to be locked in Benoit's Crippler Crossface before Triple H called for the bell and awarded the title to Benoit despite Jericho not submitting. Benoit later announced that he would give Jericho a rematch for the Intercontinental Championship at Judgment Day in a submission match.


title: Judgment Day (2000)

text: The event opened with Team ECK (Kurt Angle, Edge, and Christian) facing Too Cool (Scotty 2 Hotty, Grand Master Sexay, and Rikishi). Grand Master Sexay performed the Hip Hop Drop on Edge to win the match.


title: Judgment Day (2000)

text: Next, Eddie Guerrero defended the WWF European Championship against Perry Saturn and Dean Malenko in a Triple Threat match. After Chyna hit Saturn with a bouquet of roses, Guererro pinned Malenko with an Oklahoma Roll to retain the title.


title: Judgment Day (2000)

text: After that, Shane McMahon faced Big Show in a Falls Count Anywhere match. After interference from Big Boss Man, Test, Albert, Trish Stratus and Bull Buchanan, Shane hit Big Show with a cinderblock to win the match.


title: Judgment Day (2000)

text: Later, Chris Benoit defended the WWF Intercontinental Championship against Chris Jericho in a Submission match. Jericho passed out to the Crippler Crossface by Benoit, meaning Benoit won the match and retained the title.


title: Judgment Day (2000)

text: In the fifth match, D-Generation X (Road Dogg and X-Pac) faced The Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray Dudley and D-Von Dudley) in a Tag Team Tables match. X-Pac performed a Super X-Factor through a table on Bubba to win the match.


title: Judgment Day (2000)

text: In the main event, The Rock defended the WWF Championship against Triple H in a 60-minute Iron Man match with WWF Commissioner Shawn Michaels as the special guest referee. Rock performed a Rock bottom on Triple H to make the score 1–0. Triple H performed a Pedigree on Rock to make the score 1–1. Triple H pinned Rock with a Small Package to make the score 2–1. Triple H performed a Piledriver on Rock to make the score 3–1. Rock performed a DDT on Triple H to make the score 3–2. Triple H was disqualified for attacking Rock with a steel chair, making the score 3–3. Triple H pinned Rock using the ropes for leverage to make the score 4–3. Rock passed out to a Sleeper Hold by Triple H, causing a TKO and making the score 5–3. Triple H was counted out after Rock performed a Pedigree on an announce table on Triple H, making the score 5–4. Rock performed a People's Elbow on Triple H to make the score 5–5. After Road Dogg and X-Pac interfered, The Undertaker returned as the American Badass and attacked Road Dogg, X-Pac, Shane McMahon and Vince McMahon. Undertaker attacked Triple H with a Chokeslam and a Tombstone Piledriver as the time limit expired. Rock was disqualified for Undertaker's interference, meaning Triple H won the match 6–5 and the title.


title: Judgment Day (2000)

text: The Rock continued his feud with Triple H, who now had to also contend with The Undertaker and, by association, Kane. This led to a six-man tag team match at King of the Ring the next month featuring The Rock, The Undertaker, and Kane against Triple H, Vince McMahon, and Shane McMahon where if any member of Triple H's team was pinned, whoever scored the fall would win the WWF Championship. The Rock won the match for his team by pinning Vince McMahon.


title: Judgment Day (2000)

text: DX and the Dudley Boyz continued their feud at King of the Ring as well, with a Table/Dumpster match with the same teams. DX won the match, but Bubba Ray got his revenge on Tori by putting her through a table.


title: Judgment Day (2000)

text: Less than a week before King of the Ring, Chris Benoit would lose the Intercontinental Championship to Rikishi. Edge and Christian would lose the WWF Tag Team Championship to Too Cool. Crash Holly would regain the Hardcore Championship from Gerald Brisco, but would lose it back to him right before King of the Ring. Brisco would lose the title to Pat Patterson, starting a brief feud between the two.


title: Judgment Day (2000)

text: In 2019, Kevin Pantoja of 411Mania gave the event a rating of 9.0 [Amazing], stating, "When this company is on a roll, they can deliver something special. Following a stellar Backlash event, they gave us this gem. The Tables and Falls Count Anywhere matches are the worst things on the show and even they had enjoyable moments. The opener is hot, the European Title match is fun, the IC Title is fantastic, and the main event is the second best hour Ironman match I’ve ever seen. The show is paced well, with everything moving along smoothly. It’s so good."


title: Look Both Ways (2022 film)

text: Look Both Ways is a 2022 American romantic comedy drama film directed by Wanuri Kahiu and written by April Prosser. It stars Lili Reinhart, Luke Wilson, Andrea Savage, Aisha Dee, Danny Ramirez, David Corenswet, and Nia Long. The film was released on August 17, 2022, on Netflix.


title: Look Both Ways (2022 film)

text: During her senior year at the University of Texas, Natalie has sex with her friend Gabe, with both agreeing not to "make it a big deal". A few weeks later, on the night of their graduation, Natalie feels sick and her best friend Cara gets her pregnancy tests. When Natalie takes them, her life diverges into two parallel realities based on the result.


title: Look Both Ways (2022 film)

text: In the reality where Natalie's test is positive, she moves back home with her mom and dad, who are less than thrilled and unimpressed with Gabe's status as an aspiring musician. They encourage Natalie to still pursue her dream career in animation while she struggles with the realization that she will become a mother.


title: Look Both Ways (2022 film)

text: In the reality where her test is negative, she moves to Los Angeles with Cara and they start building their careers. Natalie applies to be an assistant to animator Lucy Galloway. After pining for the job, she gets an offer, and forms a strong bond with her colleague Jake. They encourage each other to follow their dreams, with him desiring to be a successful movie producer.


title: Look Both Ways (2022 film)

text: In the pregnancy reality, Natalie and Gabe struggle to coparent as their daughter Rosie is born. He wants them to move in with him, but Natalie does not agree and tells him to date, though later she appears regretful about her decision in a conversation with Cara. Gabe begins a relationship with a woman named Miranda, making Natalie uncomfortable. When Natalie visits Cara and her girlfriend in LA, she gets a call from Rosie who says she is left overnight with a stranger. Natalie rushes back, much to Cara's disappointment, and finds out that Gabe has proposed to Miranda. Natalie throws herself into her artwork.


title: Look Both Ways (2022 film)

text: In the other reality where her test came negative, Natalie and Jake develop a strong romantic relationship and consider moving in together. That is, until Jake receives a year-long job producing in Nova Scotia. They try long distance, but Natalie finds it isn’t working for her as Jake is always busy with work. Natalie shows Lucy her portfolio, and is given some very critical notes, saying her work is unoriginal. She encourages her to quit to find her voice, so she does. She returns home to a friend’s baby shower with Cara, feeling like a failure.


title: Look Both Ways (2022 film)

text: In both realities, Natalie has a career breakthrough. She gets accepted to the South by Southwest film festival in Austin where in one reality, she sits on a panel of creators including Lucy and discusses a comic inspired by Rosie, and in the other, her short film is showcased.


title: Look Both Ways (2022 film)

text: In the negative pregnancy test reality, Nat sees Gabe’s band in a bar, catching up with him after five years. Later on, she is surprised that Jake has traveled to see her short film, despite risking his job with the movie. Lucy sees Natalie’s short film and encourages her to reconnect when she returns to Los Angeles.


title: Look Both Ways (2022 film)

text: In the positive pregnancy test reality, Natalie and Rosie also watch Gabe's band perform at a bar. Afterwards, she asks him why Miranda isn't at the gig. Gabe tells her that he broke off the engagement because he is in love with her, not Miranda.


title: Look Both Ways (2022 film)

text: In one reality, Jake and Natalie walk through the streets, happy to be reunited. In the other, Gabe and Natalie have a serious conversation about how they would like to develop their relationship. Both realities converge when each of the couples walk past Natalie’s sorority house, where she took the pregnancy test. In both realities, Natalie walks up into the bathroom, looks into the mirror, and reassures herself that things worked out.


title: Look Both Ways (2022 film)

text: In March 2021, Netflix announced that the film, then known as "Plus/Minus", would be led and executive produced by Lili Reinhart. Reinhart was previously an executive producer for "Chemical Hearts" (2020). In June 2021, Luke Wilson, Andrea Savage, Aisha Dee, Danny Ramirez, and David Corenswet were added the cast. In August 2021, Nia Long joined the cast.


title: Look Both Ways (2022 film)

text: Principal photography began on June 21, 2021, and wrapped on August 8, 2021 in Austin, Texas. Filming also took place in Los Angeles, California. In early 2022, reshoots for the film were shot at the Vancouver Public Library, Pacific Coffee Roasters, and the Acquafarina restaurant in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia.


title: Look Both Ways (2022 film)

text: Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 49 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: Look Both Ways (2022 film)

text: Courtney Howard of "Variety" said: "While the filmmakers' heads and hearts are in the right place with their resonant sentiments on taking risks and embracing fate, their execution of narrative basics proves lackluster." Reubyn Coutinho of Netflix Junkie wrote: By not nudging the audience toward one particular perspective, it remains true to its own mission statement, i.e. getting people to Look Both Ways.


title: Robin Byrd

text: Robin Byrd (born April 6, 1957) is an American former pornographic actress and the host of "The Robin Byrd Show", which has appeared on leased access cable television in New York City since 1977.


title: Robin Byrd

text: Robin Byrd was born and raised in New York City, New York. A child of adoption, she has never been able to identify her birth parents, due to the unwillingness of her adoptive mother to reveal that information and sealed birth and adoption records under New York state law.


title: Robin Byrd

text: At the time of filming the porn film "Debbie Does Dallas", Byrd was living in New York City and was still known as Robin Cohen. After taking college classes in marketing and advertising at Baruch College and dropping out as a senior, she attended the School of Visual Arts and worked as a nude model for art classes. She subsequently starred in porn films during the late 1970s, including a role in the previously mentioned "Debbie Does Dallas".


title: Robin Byrd

text: After guest-hosting on a leased access show called "Hot Legs", Byrd changed the name to "The Robin Byrd Show" in 1977. The show has aired continuously since then, though it now shows reruns rather than live episodes. Each episode features Byrd in her trademark black crochet bikini and white fingernail polish, on an all-red set with a large, heart-shaped neon sign that bears the name of her show. Male and female porn stars and strippers appear as guests and perform fully nude stripteases, sometimes also taking calls from viewers. Byrd and her guests also frequently engage in onscreen sexplay by the end of the episode. Each show customarily ends with all the guests dancing to Robin's recording of a bawdy novelty tune, "Baby, Let Me Bang Your Box".


title: Robin Byrd

text: Byrd and Al Goldstein were in a long-standing legal battle with Time Warner Cable (and its predecessor, Manhattan Cable), which wanted to scramble all adult-oriented content so that subscribers had to send in written requests to view it. In 1978, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals struck as unconstitutional the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) mandatory access regulations under which Byrd and Goldstein had challenged the cable provider's actions, but the U.S. Supreme Court disposed of the case on other grounds.


title: Robin Byrd

text: In 1995, the issue was again before the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, which upheld the regulations and ruled that Time Warner's requirement for written requests was a violation. , "The Robin Byrd Show" continues to be aired unscrambled and uncut although with disclaimers that the content is not for children to watch.


title: Robin Byrd

text: Byrd's show and filmography have made her a local celebrity and to some extent, a national one. She is a frequent presenter at New York City adult entertainment, gay pride, and AIDS awareness events. "The Robin Byrd Show" was parodied on "Saturday Night Live" in a series of skits airing in 1997 and 1998; Byrd was played by Cheri Oteri.


title: Robin Byrd

text: In 1999, Richard Avedon photographed Byrd for a feature in "The New Yorker" on famous and influential New Yorkers. Byrd has also branched out into other adult-oriented businesses, including phone sex lines and ringtones.


title: U Me Aur Hum

text: U Me Aur Hum () is a 2008 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film co-written, directed, and produced by Ajay Devgn. The film tells the story of Ajay (Devgn), who meets barmaid Piya (Kajol) on a cruise with his friends (Sumeet Raghavan, Divya Dutta, Karan Khanna, and Isha Sharvani). They fall in love and marry; a few months later, Piya is diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.


title: U Me Aur Hum

text: The film was announced in May 2007 and was the directorial debut of Devgn, who had long wanted to direct a film. He wrote the story, and the screenplay was written by Robin Bhatt, Sutanu Gupta, and Akash Khurana. Principal photography, by Aseem Bajaj, began in India shortly after the film was announced. It was edited by Dharmendra Sharma, and the background score was written by Monty Sharma. The soundtrack was composed by Vishal Bhardwaj, with lyrics by Munna Dhiman.


title: U Me Aur Hum

text: "U Me Aur Hum" was released on 11 April 2008. Made on a budget of , it grossed worldwide. Critical response to the film was mixed; its performances (particularly those of Devgn and Kajol) were praised, but Devgn's direction and the film's climax were criticized. "U Me Aur Hum" received several nominations, including Best Actress for Kajol at the Filmfare and Screen Awards.


title: U Me Aur Hum

text: Ajay tells his son that he should admit his feelings to a girl he likes. His son replies that if Ajay can woo a woman he likes, he will follow his advice. Ajay approaches an older woman, and begins telling her a story. Those around them begin listening, and a flashback begins.


title: U Me Aur Hum

text: A younger Ajay is on a cruise with four friends: Nikhil and Reena (an unhappily-married couple) and Vicky and Natasha, who are happily unmarried. Ajay meets Piya, a waitress, at the ship's bar and falls in love with her. Tipsy, he buys drinks for everyone at the bar and blacks out. In the morning, Piya delivers the bill and Ajay says that he is still in love with her; she does not reciprocate his feelings. Ajay looks in her diary, where she wrote about her love of salsa dancing. He learns the dance, and Piya becomes interested in him. When she learns that Ajay had looked in her diary and she becomes angry. He leaves, giving Piya a paper with his phone number if she changes her mind.


title: U Me Aur Hum

text: At their new home, Ajay invites his friends to his house. He has tried to win Piya back by giving her whatever she wants, including a dog. His friends learn when they arrive that Piya and Ajay have gotten married, and are surprised and delighted. The newly-married couple begins a wish list, which they write on their bedroom wall; the first entry is to go on a cruise on their 25th anniversary. Several months after they marry, Piya forgets everything (including where she lives) when she goes shopping. Diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, she is also pregnant. Ajay must keep Piya from hurting the baby; her condition worsens, and he is forced to institutionalise her. However, his friends persuade him to bring her back home.


title: U Me Aur Hum

text: Ajay says that the best thing he has ever done was to bring Piya back home; it is a special day when she can remember things, and an extra-special day when she remembers him. The older woman turns out to be Piya, and she and Ajay are celebrating their 25th anniversary on a cruise with their son.


title: U Me Aur Hum

text: In May 2007, the entertainment portal Bollywood Hungama reported that Ajay Devgn would make his directorial debut in a project which was later entitled "U Me Aur Hum". Wanting to be a director since childhood, Devgn described directing as a passion that came to him "naturally". Addressing the issue of Alzheimer's disease, he had conceived the film three years before its release. Devgn produced the film under Ajay Devgn FFilms, in addition to writing the story and starring in it. The screenplay was written by Robin Bhatt, Sutanu Gupta, and Akash Khurana, and Ashwni Dhir polished the dialogue.


title: U Me Aur Hum

text: When Devgn told his wife Kajol about "U Me Aur Hum", she immediately said that she wanted to star in it. It was their seventh collaboration, following the action films "Hulchul" (1995), "Gundaraj" (1995), and "Raju Chacha" (2000), the romantic comedies "Ishq" (1997) and "Pyaar To Hona Hi Tha" (1998), and the drama "Dil Kya Kare" (1999). Kajol played Piya, a waitress who develops Alzheimer's disease several months after her marriage to Ajay. She described her rapport with Devgn, saying that working with him was always a "new experience" because of his unpredictable behaviour. Devgn believed her involvement in the film made his work as director "much easier", describing the opportunity to collaborate once again with the actress. Model-turned-actor Aman Mehra makes a cameo appearance as their son.


title: U Me Aur Hum

text: Principal photography was completed by Aseem Bajaj and began at the Manoranjan Studio in Andheri, with Sameer Chandra as the production designer. The costumes were designed by Anna Singh except for Kajol's, which was by Manish Malhotra. Singh gave Devgn bright, sun-coloured clothes for the cruise scenes, and suits when he was a doctor at the hospital. Ashley Lobo and Ganesh Acharya were the choreographers, and Jay Sinagh Nijjar was the action director. Shooting moved to Filmistan from 5 to 25 May 2007, and the cruise scenes were filmed there. Editing and sound design were by Dharmendra Sharma and Rakesh Ranjan, respectively, after filming ended. Monty Sharma composed the background score.


title: U Me Aur Hum

text: The soundtrack was composed by Vishal Bhardwaj, with lyrics by Munna Dhiman. Adnan Sami, Shreya Ghoshal, and Sunidhi Chauhan performed the vocals. The album was released by Eros Music on 13 February 2008. In a Bollywood Hungama review, Joginder Tuteja wrote that the singers had made their best effort and said about the title song: "It's a beautiful track that is as melodious as it gets and flows in a direction ..." Meghna Menon of "Hindustan Times" wrote that Bhardwaj had "once again hit the jackpot" with the film's soundtrack and commending Dhiman's unconventional lyrics. Raja Sen described it as an "innocent ... romantic and real, moody and modest" album. A reviewer for "The Hindu" said that the Latino feel of "Jee Le" made the song "racy".


title: U Me Aur Hum

text: "U Me Aur Hum" was one of 2008's most-anticipated Indian films; trade analysts hoped that it would be a commercial success, since all of Devgn and Kajol's collaborations had under-performed commercially, with the exception of "Pyaar To Hona Hi Tha", which was a hit at the box office. A special screening was given by sitar virtuoso and composer Ravi Shankar for critic-turned-politician L. K. Advani on 6 April 2008 in the Films Division of India auditorium in Delhi, also attended by a cast member and Sushma Swaraj. Advani gave the film a standing ovation, and said he was impressed by it; Swaraj appreciated Kajol's performance. Distributed by Eros International, "U Me Aur Hum" was released theatrically on 11 April 2008 with Jaideep Sen's comedy thriller "Krazzy 4". The film was released on DVD on 26 May as a single-disc pack in NTSC widescreen format. Since 30 November 2016, it has been available for streaming on Amazon Prime Video and Apple TV+.


title: U Me Aur Hum

text: Despite great expectations, "U Me Aur Hum" commercial performance was poor. It was released on 450 screens (150 of which were on digital platforms), and grossed on its opening day. The film earned by the end of its first weekend, and after one week. It earned a total of in India. "U Me Aur Hum" proved to be more successful among overseas audiences, earning after one week. The film grossed , the year's seventh-highest-grossing Indian film. Totaling its total worldwide gross, the film-trade website Box Office India estimated that it earned against a budget.


title: U Me Aur Hum

text: "U Me Aur Hum" had a mixed critical reception. Devgn's direction and the film's exposition were generally criticised, and its performances (particularly those of Devgn and Kajol), plot, and cinematography were universally praised. The film has a rating of 60 percent on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes based on five reviews, with an average rating of 5.7 out of 10. Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama wrote about the actors, ""U Me Aur Hum" is like a medal that glimmers on Ajay Devgan's body of work. He's exceptional! Kajol, well, what can you say of an actress who has proved herself time and again? That she's undoubtedly the best has been proved yet again." Adarsh described the film as "a well-made, absorbing love story that's high on the emotional quotient", noting that the screenplay was an Indian version of the 2004 American film "The Notebook". Jaspreet Pandohar of the BBC called the film "a worthy but mushy watch"; Maitland McDonagh found its first half "dumb" and its second half "classic".


title: U Me Aur Hum

text: A Rediff.com reviewer gave "U Me Aur Hum" stars, saying that Devgn had delivered a "fantastic" work by telling a "powerful" story without "resorting to that most traditional and painful of Bollywood cop-out methods, the flash-cuts". According to Rajeev Masand, "Well, to some extent, it’s the leads whose credible performances outshine the shoddy script. Ajay Devgan oozes sincerity as the conflicted husband, but it’s Kajol who is really the emotional anchor of the film, dazzling you with her spontaneity, pumping life and blood into her character, making Piya a portrait of internalized pain, something even the script fails to do." For "Screen", Rajiv Vijayakar called Devgn and Kajol's performances "stupendous" and "terrific"; the film's direction and screenplay, however, were its "undoing". In his three-star review, Vijayakar said that the supporting cast (particularly Sumeet Raghavan and Divya Dutta) were "great" and "admirably restrained". Frank Lovece said that the film "is an emotionally affecting tragedy wonderfully acted by Western standards".


title: U Me Aur Hum

text: Ziya Us Salam noted Kajol's physical appearance as a young and old woman in "U Me Aur Hum". He praised the latter ("sipping her coffee, her luminous eyes exuding rare brilliance"), and felt that Devgn's performance was overshadowed by hers. Sudhish Kamath of "The Hindu" agreed, saying that "Kajol revels in her role with an unforgettably electrifying performance". Questioning the film's originality, Kamath nonetheless praised Devgn: "As an actor, he's brilliant. As a filmmaker, even better. A fine example unfolds (again in the second half) when the doctor hands him his newborn and adds that he's not sure if the mother would even recognise the baby." "The Economic Times" Gaurav Malini, who gave "U Me Aur Hum" three stars, commended both actors for playing to "perfection" and the film "raises much above the candyfloss or campus romance regularly churned out" in Bollywood. About Devgn's direction, Malini said that he "also succeeds in extracting authentic performances" from the rest of the cast.


title: U Me Aur Hum

text: Namrata Joshi of "Outlook" was ambivalent about the acting, criticising Kajol for being "terribly contained" and Devgn's "dreadful" effort to play a rakish, cool man, and said that only Raghavan and Dutta remained as a "good performer" in the film. In the "Hindustan Times", Khalid Mohamed wrote: "For its tear-drawing emotional content, a splendid performance by Kajol and Devgan’s fluid makeover from an actor of steel to a director of tenderness, you ultimately take "U Me Aur Hum" home with you. Worth a cherish." Nikhat Kazmi of "The Times of India" wrote that Kajol's role "mirrors the vulnerability and the insecurity of a woman who lives life on the edge, threatening to fall off any day", and Baradwaj Rangan noted her "vacant" expression in her scenes as an old woman. In her Sify review, Sonia Chopra called Devgn's character "sketchy and not particularly likeable". She described the film as "Devgn's confident debut", adding, "... hopefully next time round, he'll choose to appease the audience’s mind as well, and not just aim for the heart."


title: South Central United States

text: The South Central United States or South Central states is a region in the south central portion of the Southern United States. It evolved out of the Old Southwest, which originally was the western portion of the South. The states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas (which make up what the Census Bureau Division calls West South Central States) are almost always considered the "core" of the region. As part of the East South Central States sub-group of the Census Bureau classification, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee and Kentucky are also frequently listed under the heading. At the highest extent, Kansas, and Missouri, may be included by some sources. If defined as only its four core states, the region lies almost exclusively in the Central Time Zone (with El Paso being the only major city to observe Mountain Time). At different times, all of the above states were considered part of the Western United States in American history.


title: South Central United States

text: The history of the South Central states is dominated by the conflict and interaction between three cultural-linguistic groups: the Anglosphere (first Great Britain and then the United States), the Hispanidad (first Spain then Mexico), and the Francophonie (always France).


title: South Central United States

text: In the 17th and 18th centuries, Spain and France maneuvered for control of Texas; with the Spanish based in Mexico, and the French in Louisiana. During the War of the Quadruple Alliance hostilities spread to the New World and the French troops from Natchitoches briefly captured the capital of Spanish Texas, Los Adaes, in what is now western Louisiana. The French were not able to wrest control of Texas from Spain, and by the early 19th century sold their North American holdings to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase, which comprised slightly less than half of what is today the South Central United States.


title: South Central United States

text: During the Texas Revolution (1835–1836), a rebellion of United States immigrants and Tejanos (Texas Mexicans), put up an armed resistance against the Centralist Republic of Mexico. The Battle of the Alamo was a major turning point during the Texas Revolution. This battle would lead to many Texians deciding to join the Texian Army. Texians would defeat the Mexican Army at the Battle of San Jacinto later on, leading to Texas declaring themselves an independent country in 1836, however Mexico viewed them as a rebellious province. Texas would eventually be admitted as a U.S. state in 1845.


title: South Central United States

text: The official West and East South Central states of Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Tennessee would secede from the Union and join the Confederacy during the Civil War. Kentucky was a border state that remained with the Union. Oklahoma, although Indian Territory at the time, was home to five major Native-American tribes, of which the majority allied themselves with the Confederacy. Oklahoma territory and Indian Territory would merge into the State of Oklahoma, when it became the 46th U.S. state in 1907. All of these states are usually considered to make up a larger part of the American South, both historically and culturally, as well as classified by the U.S. Census Bureau.


title: South Central United States

text: The climate varies from the semi-tropical in the Mississippi Delta, South Louisiana, and Southeast Texas, to the dry Chihuahuan desert in West Texas. The southeastern portions include the Appalachian mountains in Alabama and Tennessee and the Piney Woods of East Texas, Louisiana, and southern Arkansas and the Mississippi Delta. A large portion of the northeastern quarter of the region is mountainous, with the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma. The northwest quarter of the region is dominated by the Great Plains which become progressively drier west of 100° W, forming the North American Llano Estacado. The southwestern portions border the Rio Grande, and are generally drier than other areas of the South Central United States.


title: South Central United States

text: Texas is the largest South Central state by both area and population. Texas is still home to over half the region's population. The largest city in the region, Houston, is located in Texas. New Orleans was tied with Oklahoma City in population but, after Hurricane Katrina, the population of the New Orleans metro area declined to approximately 1 million. By 2017, the population of New Orleans had bounced back to almost 1.3 million.


title: Federico Fazio

text: Federico Julián Fazio (born 17 March 1987) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a central defender for Italian club Salernitana.


title: Federico Fazio

text: He began his career at Ferro Carril Oeste, signing for Sevilla in 2007. He made 201 official appearances for the latter club in nine years and scored 15 goals, joining Tottenham Hotspur in August 2014 and subsequently returning to Sevilla on loan; in August 2016, he moved to the Italian Serie A with Roma.


title: Federico Fazio

text: Born in Buenos Aires, Fazio started his career in the Primera Nacional with Ferro Carril Oeste in 2005. He was bought by Spanish club Sevilla FC in late January 2007 and spent the vast majority of the remaining season with the reserves, which he helped achieve promotion to Segunda División.


title: Federico Fazio

text: Fazio started 2007–08 registered with both Sevilla teams. However, due to the absences of Javi Navarro (knee, entire campaign missed) and Julien Escudé (pubis, less than half of possible games), he ended up playing an important part on a side that reached a final qualification to the UEFA Cup. His first game with the main squad was on 25 August 2007 in the season opener, a 4–1 home La Liga win against Getafe CF.


title: Federico Fazio

text: On 7 May 2008, Fazio scored his first goal for Sevilla in a 3–0 win at Racing de Santander. He added another in that match, and a third a week later in a 2–0 home victory over Real Betis; in both games, he played as a defensive midfielder.