text: The Storyteller's real name is revealed as Arthur Cantabella. He explains that Labyrinthia is an artificial research facility designed to test the human effects of a mind-controlling substance found in the groundwater that causes anyone who drinks it to lose consciousness at the sound of silver being struck, and all of its inhabitants are test subjects who volunteered to have their memories wiped so they could start new lives. The Legendary Fire occurred when the Bell of Ruin caused the townspeople to simultaneously fall unconscious as a result of these chemicals and the town's fires got out of control. Believing herself responsible for ringing the bell, Espella became obsessed with the idea that she was possessed by the mythical Bezella, and Cantabella created Labyrinthia's witches and mythology to counteract Espella's condition. He had the Shades create the illusions of magic and indoctrinate anyone "killed" as a result of witchcraft or the Witch Trials into their number. Belduke and Darklaw were both in on the project, and Belduke killed himself due to accumulated guilt over the long-term deception. Darklaw is revealed to be Belduke's daughter and Espella's childhood friend Eve, who blamed Cantabella for her father's suicide; she lured Layton into Labyrinthia and sabotaged the story to exact revenge on him, and was forced to include Phoenix when he unwittingly got involved. Phoenix and Layton deduce that she was the one who rang the bell, and repressed the event afterwards.


title: Professor Layton vs. Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney

text: Eve reconciles with Cantabella and Espella, who finally recovers from her trauma, and Cantabella concludes the Labyrinthia project and lifts the hypnosis. The townspeople decide to stay in Labyrinthia, and Phoenix, Layton, Maya, and Luke all return to the English mainland. Afterwards, Phoenix and Maya return to tackling their usual trials in Los Angeles, while Layton and Luke continue their puzzle-solving adventures in London.


text: The game was first hinted at as a crossover between Capcom and Level-5 by Keiji Inafune, who was talking to Japanese business magazine "Diamond" prior to the Tokyo Game Show 2010, where he mentioned that he had great respect for Akihiro Hino, CEO of Level-5. On September 25, 2010, the game was outed on Twitter when Jiro Ishii of Level-5 accidentally tweeted to Jin Fujisawa of Square Enix, "Huh? Oh, Gyakuten XX. I'm making it, with Mr. Takumi!" in Japanese. This led to rampant speculation of a new "Ace Attorney" game being developed by Level-5, similar to how new Capcom games from established franchises are being developed externally, such as being developed by British developer Ninja Theory. The mistake was quickly covered up by Jiro Ishii who tweeted later that day that, "A misunderstanding seems to be spreading, so let me say that I'm currently working only on "Time Travelers"."


text: The game was officially announced at the Level-5 Vision 2010 press conference on October 19, 2010. The game was originally an idea of Hino's, and a project that he himself proposed to Capcom, sometime after some initial development work had been completed. Jun Suzuki, art director for the "Layton" series, noted that Hino was a huge fan of the "Ace Attorney" series and even had challenged Suzuki to "produce something on par with Ace Attorney" while developing the "Layton" games. The idea came as a surprise to Shu Takumi, series creator for the "Ace Attorney" series. Keiji Inafune, head of Capcom's R&D Management Group, was "80 per cent certain" that Takumi would refuse the idea. However, according to Inafune, Hino was able to convince Takumi to accept the idea, giving him creative control as the main scenario writer for the project, although Takumi was not in charge of the script.


text: Inafune described the game as a true collaboration between the two companies jointly sharing in the effort, as opposed to the licensing of characters by one company; he felt that they "wanted to create a great history, which would have been impossible if both parties were not fully involved". Hino recognized that fans of both series would "want to see a showdown" between the lead characters as well as sections where the two "join hands and take on a really big challenge". Even though "Professor Layton vs. Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney" is a crossover, Hino and Takumi both see the game as more of a legitimate installment to their respective series rather then as a spin-off. Both Level-5 and Capcom contributed towards the game's development, with Capcom specifically handling the visual design, while Level-5 took charge of publishing duties. The artwork style used is a mix between the pseudo-detailed visuals from the "Ace Attorney" series and the more deformed appearances of the "Layton" games; the mixed style was the result of a drawn-out trial-and-error process to figure out how best to mix the two conflicting styles. The game supported the 3D effects on the Nintendo 3DS console; though Level-5's developers had already worked with this feature in developing "Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask" in 2011, this was the first "Ace Attorney" game to support the feature. Takumi was initially hesitant to adopt this feature, but later came to appreciate it, recognising that the 3D visuals allowed developers to "present the action from different angles and really [expand] the freedom of expression" within the courtroom segments of the game.


text: The game features animated cutscenes produced by Bones. Yo Oizumi and Maki Horikita, who voiced Professor Layton and Luke in previous games, reprised their roles, whilst Phoenix and Maya were voiced by Hiroki Narimiya and Mirei Kiritani, who also played their roles in the "Gyakuten Saiban" live action film.


text: The game had originally only been announced for release in Japan, with Capcom gauging interest from the community over whether or not to localize it for other territories. In July 2011, Level-5 International America Inc. conducted a Facebook poll in which fans were asked what currently Japan-only Level-5 game they had the most interest in. "Professor Layton Vs. Ace Attorney" ultimately won the most votes, with over 6,000. Although the game had yet to be officially announced for release outside Japan, an English-language press release from Capcom at Tokyo Game Show 2011 hinted as such. Journalists had also noted the game's listing on various Western online retailer, further suggesting a release outside Japan. Level-5's CEO Akihiro Hino had earlier stated that "Professor Layton vs. Ace Attorney" will be released in North America and Europe by its international studio in 2013, however a later statement from Level 5 following its Japanese release asserted that a Western release had not been confirmed or announced.


text: During Japan Expo 2013 in France, when asked about a localization of the game, Level-5 CEO Akihiro Hino said that "something was in the works", but that he couldn't talk about it at the time. Level-5 International America posted about it on their Facebook page later the same day. A release for North America and Europe was finally confirmed on Nintendo's Nintendo Direct presentation on August 7, 2013, slated for release in 2014. Due to the fact the North American release fully retains the European localisation as is, this is the first "Professor Layton" game in the region that features Maria Darling's voice as Luke Triton, instead of Lani Minella as in previous games.


text: The soundtrack to the game was a collaborative effort between "Professor Layton" series' composer Tomohito Nishiura and newcomer Yasumasa Kitagawa of Capcom. Aside from producing new compositions, both additionally arranged music from previous instalments of the respective franchises, with Kitagawa arranging some compositions from "Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney" composer Masakazu Sugimori. Nishiura and Kitagawa arranged and orchestrated the music with the help of Yumiko Hashizume and Norihito Sumitomo; whom had both previously worked on the "Professor Layton" series. While the arranged pieces were used mostly with gameplay, the animated cutscenes were accompanied by more cinematic orchestral music. All orchestral pieces were performed by Layton Grand Caravan Orchestra.


text: Awarding it a score of 9 out of ten, Oliver Jia of Game-OST.com praised the album as "the soundtrack that fans of both series have been wanting for years." Luna Lee of RPGFan Music similarly responded favorably to the soundtrack, but criticized the tracks for being, "segregated into two camps and [having] few overlaps with one another."


text: Japanese pre-orders of the game included a special bonus soundtrack containing five musical tracks and a celluloid film strip containing select animation cels. The entire soundtrack was officially released on a 3-disc set as "Layton Kyouju VS Gyakuten Saiban Mahou Ongaku Taizen" (lit. Professor Layton vs. Gyakuten Saiban Magical Mystery Music) on April 10, 2013. The first disc contains all Professor Layton related tracks, the second disc contains all Ace Attorney related tracks, and the third disc contains the music used during the cinematic cutscenes throughout the game.


text: "Professor Layton vs. Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney" received "favorable" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. Chris Kohler of "Wired", in playing the Japanese version, felt the game was a missed opportunity for the crossover; while he thought the gameplay mechanics and the tweaks worked well with complementary styles, he noted that only the two main cast members from each series were brought into the game, and that the game relied on new and what he considered uninteresting characters to flesh out the story.


title: Memory of the World Programme

text: UNESCO's Memory of the World (MoW) Programme is an international initiative launched to safeguard the documentary heritage of humanity against collective amnesia, neglect, the ravages of time and climatic conditions, and willful and deliberate destruction. It calls for the preservation of valuable archival holdings, library collections, and private individual compendia all over the world for posterity, the reconstitution of dispersed or displaced documentary heritage, and increased accessibility to, and dissemination of, these items.


title: Memory of the World Programme

text: The Memory of the World Register is a compendium of documents, manuscripts, oral traditions, audio-visual materials, library, and archival holdings of universal value. Inscription on the Register leads to improved conservation of the documentary heritage by calling upon the program's networks of experts to exchange information and raise resources for the preservation, digitization, and dissemination of the material. The program also uses technology to provide wider accessibility and diffusion of the items inscribed on the Register.


title: Memory of the World Programme

text: Any organization or individual can nominate a documentary item for inscription on the Register via UNESCO Member States through their National Commission for UNESCO or, in the absence of a National Commission, the relevant government body in charge of relations with UNESCO, involving, if one exists, the relevant national MoW committee. Two proposals per UNESCO Member State are considered in each nomination cycle, joint nomination proposals from two or more UNESCO Member States are unlimited. During its meetings, the International Advisory Council (IAC) examines the full documentation of the item's description, origin, world significance, and contemporary state of conservation. The IAC recommends to the Executive Board of UNESCO the items proposed for inscription.


title: Memory of the World Programme

text: In 1992, the program began as a way to preserve and promote documentary heritage, which can be a single document, a collection, a holding or an archival fonds that is deemed to be of such significance as to transcend the boundaries of time and culture. This recorded memory reflects the diversity of languages, people, and cultures. UNESCO, the world agency responsible for the protection of the world's cultural and natural heritage, realized the need to protect such fragile yet important component of cultural heritage. The Memory of the World Programme was established to preserve and digitize humanity's documentary heritage.


title: Memory of the World Programme

text: The program is administered by the International Advisory Committee (IAC), whose 14 members are appointed by the Director-General of UNESCO. The IAC is responsible for the formulation of major policies, including the technical, legal and financial framework for the program. Regular meetings were held by the IAC in its interim capacity beginning in 1993 to sustain the momentum gained by the program, culminating in the creation of the Memory of the World Register during its second meeting in 1995, with the inaugural batch of documents being inscribed on the Register in 1997, after the statutes that created the IAC as a standing committee took effect.


title: Memory of the World Programme

text: The Memory of the World International Register is a compendium of the world's documentary heritage – such as manuscripts, oral traditions, audio-visual materials, and library and archive holdings. It catalogues documentary heritage that has been recommended by the International Advisory Committee, and endorsed by the Director-General of UNESCO, according to the selection criteria regarding "world significance and outstanding universal value."


title: Memory of the World Programme

text: The first inscriptions on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register were made in 1997. Following the successful establishment of the Register, UNESCO and the Memory of the World Programme have encouraged the creation of national and regional organizations – presumably in part to streamline applications and fundraising – as well as national and regional registers, which are to focus on documentary heritage of great regional or national importance, but not necessarily of global importance.


title: Memory of the World Programme

text: Among the various properties in the Register include recordings of folk music; ancient languages and phonetics; aged remnants of religious and secular manuscripts; collective lifetime works of renowned giants of literature; science and music; copies of landmark motion pictures and short films; and accounts documenting changes in the world's political, economic, and social stage.


title: Memory of the World Programme

text: As of December 2018, 432 documentary heritages had been inscribed in the Register, with 274 of these from Europe and North America and 116 from Asia and the Pacific. In the Asia-Pacific region, in 2014–2015, there were 18 member nations of MOWCAP (6 without national committees), while in 2016, there were 16 national MOW committees.


title: Memory of the World Programme

text: The program is not without controversy. During the 2015 cycle, for example, there was a significant degree of conflict within East Asia, as registry with the MOW Program was becoming viewed as an approval of particular views of contested history, specifically with respect to the Nanjing Massacre and the comfort women.


title: Memory of the World Programme

text: Biennial meetings of the International Advisory Committee are used to discuss and inscribe items onto the Register. The meeting takes place every odd year:


title: Memory of the World Programme

text: The "Jikji" Prize was established in 2004 in cooperation with the South Korean government to further promote the objectives of the Memory of the World Programme, and to commemorate the 2001 inscription of the country's "Jikji" on the Register. The award, which includes a cash prize of $30,000 from the Korean government, recognizes institutions that have contributed to the preservation and accessibility of documentary heritage.


title: Huguette Clark

text: Huguette Marcelle Clark (June 9, 1906 – May 24, 2011) was an American painter, heiress, and philanthropist, who became well known again late in life as a recluse, living in hospitals for more than 20 years while her various mansions remained unoccupied.


title: Huguette Clark

text: The youngest daughter of Montana senator and industrialist William A. Clark, she spent her early life in Paris before relocating with her family to New York City, where she was educated at the Spence School. After a short-lived marriage ended in 1930, Clark returned to her residence at 907 Fifth Avenue, a large twelfth-floor apartment that she significantly expanded to occupying two floors. She also meticulously maintained Bellosguardo, a large familial estate in Santa Barbara, California, although she never returned to the property after the 1950s.


title: Huguette Clark

text: Clark spent much of her life outside of the public sphere, devoting her time to painting, the arts, and collecting various antiquities, primarily toys and dolls. In 1952, she purchased another property in New Canaan, Connecticut, but following the death of her mother in 1963, became increasingly reclusive.


title: Huguette Clark

text: In 1991, she was admitted to Doctors Hospital in Manhattan to treat various basal cell cancer lesions on her face. Though she successfully recovered, Clark remained a hospital resident for the following two decades.


title: Huguette Clark

text: Upon her death at 104 in 2011, Clark left behind a fortune of more than $300 million, most of which was donated to charity after a court dispute with her distant relatives. The events surrounding her estate and private affairs during the last years of her life were covered extensively by journalist Bill Dedman, who subsequently co-wrote "Empty Mansions", a 2013 biography.


title: Huguette Clark

text: Huguette Marcelle Clark was born on June 9, 1906, in Paris, France. She was the second daughter of William A. Clark (1839–1925), from his second wife, Anna Eugenia Clark (née La Chapelle; 1878–1963). Her father was a former U.S. Senator from Montana and businessman involved in mining and railroads, who had largely amassed a fortune in copper mining operations in Butte, Montana and Jerome, Arizona. He was also a railroad magnate and one of the founders of Las Vegas. Her mother, the daughter of French-Canadian immigrants, was born and raised in Michigan, and was an aspiring singer and musician who met William while she was living in a boarding house in Butte. Clark was raised Roman Catholic, the faith of her mother, while her father was a Protestant.


title: Huguette Clark

text: In addition to her older sister, Louise Amelia Andrée Clark (1902–1919), she had five half-siblings from her father's first marriage to Katherine Louise Stauffer: Mary Joaquina Clark (1870–1939), Charles Walker Clark (1871–1933), Katherine Louise Clark (1875–1974), William Andrews Clark, Jr. (1877–1934), and Francis Paul Clark (1880–1896).


title: Huguette Clark

text: Clark spent her early life in France, living with her family at their apartment on Avenue Victor-Hugo in the 16th arrondissement. When she was five years old she was relocated to New York City, where she was educated at the Spence School in Manhattan. The family resided in a six-story, 121-room mansion located at 962 Fifth Avenue, the largest house in New York City at the time. Following the death of her father in 1925, Clark and her mother relocated from the mansion to a twelfth-floor apartment at 907 Fifth Avenue.


title: Huguette Clark

text: In December 1927, Clark announced her engagement to law student William MacDonald Gower, a Princeton University graduate who was a son of one of her father's business associates, William Bleakly Gower. The two married on August 18, 1928, at Bellosguardo, her family's estate on the Pacific Coast in Santa Barbara, California. The same year, Clark agreed to donate $50,000 (equivalent to $ in today's dollars) to excavate a salt pond and create an artificial freshwater lake across from Bellosguardo. She stipulated that the facility would be named the Andrée Clark Bird Refuge, after her sister, who had died of meningitis. Clark and Gower separated in 1929, one year after their marriage, and divorced in Reno, Nevada, on August 11, 1930.


title: Huguette Clark

text: After her divorce, Clark returned to the twelfth-floor apartment at 907 Fifth Avenue, where she had previously lived with her mother. Upon moving back in, Clark modified and expanded the apartment significantly, so that it took up the entire eighth floor of the building, as well as half of the twelfth. The residence grew to a total of 42 rooms, including a library, drawing room, and living room.


title: Huguette Clark

text: According to architectural historian Andrew Alpern: "If you stood with your back to the fireplace in the library, you could see out to Central Park through the living room window that is almost away!" Clark and her mother continued to maintain Bellosguardo, and during the Great Depression had the original home torn down and rebuilt "just to give people jobs." Clark visited Bellosguardo regularly during this period, staying there with family and friends. There, she befriended Barbara Dorn, the daughter of one of the property's caretakers. An acquaintance recalled that Clark "hung out with rich daredevils who drove fast cars and flew rickety planes," but became close friends with Dorn, as both were shy and "hid in the garden."


title: Huguette Clark

text: Clark was also a musician and painter, and in 1929 exhibited seven of her own paintings at the Corcoran Gallery of Art, located in Washington, D.C. She possessed an enthusiasm for the arts and was an avid collector of visual art, as well as antique toys and dolls. She reportedly had a very small group of friends and was "skittish around strangers," spending much of her time in private, rarely leaving her residence. She occasionally attended Christian Dior fashion shows in New York City, but only to find inspiration for clothing to dress her dolls.


title: Huguette Clark

text: In 1952, she purchased a estate in New Canaan, Connecticut, referred to as "Le Beau Chateau". After the death of her mother in 1963, she became even more reclusive. Her mother's death left Clark the sole owner of Bellosguardo, which she had not visited since the 1950s. Despite her lack of visitation, Bellosguardo continued to be maintained throughout Clark's life for a total cost of $40,000 per month.


title: Huguette Clark

text: As she aged, Clark began to develop a distrust of outsiders, including her family, because she worried they were after her money. She preferred to conduct all of her conversations in French so that others were unlikely to understand the discussion. By 1991, Clark had grown frail and had numerous cancerous lesions that disfigured her face, making it difficult for her to see or eat. On March 26 that year, she was admitted to the Upper East Side's Doctors Hospital for treatment. Physicians there noted that she was so thin she appeared like "an apparition ...  like somebody out of a concentration camp." Clark successfully underwent surgery to remove basal cell tumors from her face, as well as reconstructive surgery to her lips, right cheek, and right eyelid. A nurse initially noted in Clark's chart that she behaved "like a homeless person – no clothes, not in touch with the world, had not seen a doctor for 20 years, and threw everyone out of the room."


title: Huguette Clark

text: Following her treatment, Clark remained a resident of the hospital for the rest of her life. Though initially a resident of Doctors Hospital, she later transferred to Beth Israel Medical Center following the merger of the two hospitals. Her doctor, Henry Singman, "had strongly urged that she go home," but Clark was "perfectly happy, content, to remain in the situation she was in." She had regular visitation from private nurses and medical staff throughout the day and was provided meals in the hospital, where her 11th-floor room overlooked Central Park. Clark paid a daily sum of $829 to stay in the hospital. There, hospital officials recalled her eccentric interests, noting that she would often change conversational topics to cartoons such as "The Smurfs" and "The Flintstones".


title: Huguette Clark

text: Throughout her nearly two-decades stay, Clark became very close with her private nurse, Hadassah Peri. Over the years, Clark gifted Peri and her family over $30 million in various properties, vehicles, medical expenses, cash gifts, and college tuitions. A neurologist visited Clark in 2006, and noted that she was "alert and cheerful, neurologically normal in every way ...  She seemed cute as pie, perfectly content." While Clark had a net worth of over $300 million, she was cash poor in her later life, selling properties in order to give large gifts to both friends and strangers$10 million to her best friend, and $25,000 to hospital workers who once fixed the television in her room.


title: Huguette Clark

text: In February 2010, Clark became the subject of a series of reports by Bill Dedman, an investigative reporter for NBC News. Dedman found that caretakers at her three residences had not seen her in decades, and that her palatial estates in Santa Barbara and New Canaan, Connecticut, had lain empty throughout that time, although the houses and their extensive grounds were meticulously maintained by their staff. He determined in 2010 that she was in the care of a New York City hospital, and that some of her personal possessions had been quietly sold. Some of the possessions sold include a rare 1709 violin called "La Pucelle" (or "The Virgin") made by Antonio Stradivari, and an 1882 Pierre-Auguste Renoir painting entitled "In the Roses".


title: Huguette Clark

text: In August 2010, the office of the New York County District Attorney initiated a probe into her affairs managed by her accountant, Irving Kamsler, and her attorney, Wallace Bock. Then a former paralegal for Bock's law firm, Cynthia Garcia, said that Bock received many lavish gifts from Clark, including a $1.5 million gift after the September 11 attacks in 2001, to build a bomb shelter in an Israeli settlement in the West Bank near the homes of his daughters. According to Garcia, Bock tried many times to get Clark to sign a will, including versions that included him as a beneficiary. Bock's spokesperson acknowledged that she had a will. In September 2010, in a one-paragraph ruling, Judge Laura Visitacion-Lewis turned down a request from a grand-half-nephew and two grand-half-niecesIan Devine, Carla Hall Friedman and Karine McCallto appoint an independent guardian to manage Clark's affairs.


title: Huguette Clark

text: Clark died on May 24, 2011, at Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City, two weeks short of her 105th birthday. She had been moved a month earlier to an intensive-care unit and later to a room with hospice care; at the time of her death, Peri was by her side. Though Clark had long said she did not want a funeral or priests, a Catholic priest was summoned to give her last rites.


title: Huguette Clark

text: During this time, Clark had been living at Beth Israel under pseudonyms; the latest was Harriet Chase. Her room was guarded and she was cared for by part-time private nurses. Her room on the third floor had a card with the fake room number "1B" with the name "Chase" taped over the actual room number. A criminal investigation into the handling of her money was ongoing at the time of her death.


title: Huguette Clark

text: She was entombed on the morning of May 26, 2011, in the family mausoleum in section 85 of Woodlawn Cemetery, located in The Bronx, New York City, before the cemetery gates were open to the public. Her attorney said she had specific instructions that no funeral service or Mass be held. In 2008, Clark's representatives had obtained consent from other Clark family members to alter the mausoleum originally commissioned by her father. It was not until early 2011 that the mausoleum was altered to accommodate her entombment.


title: Huguette Clark

text: Clark's last will and testament was filed on June 22, 2011, in New York Surrogate's Court. This will was made in 2005 and left seventy-five percent of her estate, about $300 million, to charity. The will provided that her longtime nurse, Hadassah Peri, would receive about $30 million; her goddaughter, Wanda Styka, would receive about $12 million; and the newly created Bellosguardo Foundation would get $8 million. Other employees who managed her residences and affairs would receive smaller sums totaling $2 million, while Beth Israel Hospital, where she resided for many years and where she died, received $1 million. Her attorney and accountant would receive $500,000 each. A Claude Monet painting, part of his series of 250 oil paintings known as the "Water Lilies" ("Nymphéas"), was bequeathed to the Corcoran Museum of Art; she had purchased the 1907 painting from Galerie Durand-Ruel in 1930. The will described Clark as a "reluctant heiress" who "possessed a large heart as well as a deep devotion to the arts." A portion of the will reads:


title: Huguette Clark

text: In October 2011, NBC News reported that an earlier will was signed six weeks before the second will; this earlier will left Clark's estate entirely to her family. A total of nineteen distant relatives of Clarkthe last of whom saw her in 1957, and many of whom never met hersubsequently challenged the second will, citing her "obsession with high end, lifelike French and Japanese dolls, model castles, the Smurfs, her reclusiveness and tendency to give her money freely as evidence of mental illness." They also accused Peri, as well as her attorney and accountant, of defrauding her. While no one was charged with a crime, the accusations resulted in an investigation by the district attorney's office, who mandated that the will be settled before a jury trial.


title: Huguette Clark

text: On September 24, 2013, Clark's will was finally settled, with the majority of the distant relatives receiving a total sum of $34.5 million. Peri received nothing and agreed to return $5 million of the earlier $31 million in gifts made to her and her family. The bulk of the substantial remainder went to the arts, including the gift of her estate in Santa Barbara to a new foundation, called the Bellosguardo Foundation.


title: Huguette Clark

text: In March 2012, it was reported that shortly after Clark moved to a hospital in the early 1990s, a valuable pastel, "Danseuse Faisant des Pointes" ("Dancer Making Pointes"), by Edgar Degas, was stolen from her Fifth Avenue apartment. The painting was sold to Peter Findlay Gallery and later acquired in 1993 by H&R Block co-founder and art collector Henry W. Bloch. The Peter Findlay Gallery indicated that it acquired the piece from a "European gentleman, seemingly from a good family, who visited New York from time to time" and who claimed to have inherited the work. It was not until 2005 that the Federal Bureau of Investigation made Bloch aware that it was investigating the painting, and in 2007, they told Bloch that the painting had in fact been reported stolen from Clark.


title: Huguette Clark

text: Under an October 2008 deed of gift, Clark agreed to donate the pastel, valued at $10 million, to the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, Missouri, of which Bloch was a major benefactor. After making the gift, Clark made a request that the pastel be lent three times in 25 years to the Corcoran Museum of Art, that it be listed as from an anonymous donor, and that Clark personally receive a full-sized color photograph of the work. The museum kept the matter confidential, acknowledging ownership in a 2012 written exchange with NBC News.


title: Huguette Clark

text: After her death, seventeen items from her personal jewel collection were auctioned off at Christie's on April 17, 2012. Buyers paid a total of over $20 million for the items, including a rare 9 carat pink diamond by Dreicer & Company that was purchased for over $15.7 million, which included a buyer's premium of 12 percent. The bulk of Clark's collection of art and antiquities were consigned to go on the auction block at Christie's in June 2014, over three years after her death.


title: Huguette Clark

text: In July 2012, one of Clark's three 907 Fifth Avenue apartments, the penthouse #12W, sold for a pre-emptive $25.5 million, $1.5 million above the listing price, to Boaz Weinstein, the hedge fund manager and founder of Saba Capital Management, which was the biggest sale of the week according to city records.


title: Huguette Clark

text: The Prime Minister of Qatar attempted to purchase both of Clark's apartments on the eighth floor, which comprised the entire eighth floor, and combine the two into one huge apartment. However, the building's board did not allow it. In November 2012, apartment #8W was sold for $22.5 million to financier Frederick Iseman. The unit was listed for $19 million, but the sale includes a piece of unit #8E, which was later sold in October 2013 for $6.8 million to David Luski, president and chief executive officer at DRA Advisors LLC, after originally being listed for $12 million. In total, the three apartments sold for a combined $54.8 million.


title: Huguette Clark

text: In April 2014, after sitting empty for more than 60 years, Clark's French-style chateau known as "Le Beau Chateau", which sits on 52 wooded acres in New Canaan, Connecticut, was sold to the fashion designer Reed Krakoff and his wife. They purchased the home for the reduced price of $14.3 million.


title: Huguette Clark

text: Dedman co-wrote a book on Clark and her family, titled "Empty Mansions: The Mysterious Life of Huguette Clark and the Spending of a Great American Fortune" (2014). The same year, it was reported that a film version had been optioned by Ryan Murphy.


title: Costa Maya

text: Costa Maya is a small tourist region in the municipality of Othón P. Blanco in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico, the only state bounded by the Caribbean Sea to its east. This municipality is close to Chetumal (capital of the state) on the border with Belize. The area was generally undeveloped but has been growing rapidly since construction of a large pier to accommodate cruise ships. Costa Maya is also the name of a subdivision near the village of Mahahual. The beach extends from Xcalak in the south to the southern border of Sian Ka'an in the north, a distance of approximately .


title: Costa Maya

text: Xcalak is approximately south of the Costa Maya cruise port, and the fishing village of Mahahual is only about away. Cruise ships can easily be seen from the village. Mahahual has soft sand beaches, grass thatched palapas, and a coral reef a short distance off-shore called Banco Chinchorro, as well as several bars, restaurants, and shops. A new development called New Mahahual is being created directly inland from the port. When ships are in port, the village is busy with cruise passengers.


title: Costa Maya

text: Costa Maya's port has a new and modern tourist shopping mall. The center has a central plaza with saltwater pools and 'swim-up' style bars. There are several jewellery stores and many small shops selling ubiquitous souvenir items. It is generally open only to cruise ship passengers.


title: Costa Maya

text: Costa Maya is the closest port of access to many of the lesser-known Mayan ruins in the Yucatan including Chacchoben and Kohunlich. These sites are substantially less excavated than the better-known pyramids of Tulum and Coba to the north; Chichen Itza and Uxmal in Yucatan.


title: Costa Maya

text: The port sustained heavy damage due to Hurricane Dean in August 2007. This included the dock designed for cruise ships. Holland America's Westerdam was the first cruise ship to return to the port since Hurricane Dean on October 31, 2008.


title: Costa Maya

text: Around 6500 BC the Native Americans started agricultural activities. The agriculture was of the slash and burn type. Around 3500 BC the agricultural skill had developed as such that they formed permanent villages in the center of Mexico. The Maya are not the first culture to appear in Mexico; they were preceded by the Olmecs near the Gulf coast. The first Maya like culture appeared around 200 BC in the south of Mexico (Chiapas).


title: Costa Maya

text: The Maya were predominant in three areas: the northern area which is the Yucatán Peninsula, the central area which is the Petén area and the western area which are the lowlands bordering to Belize. The Costa Maya falls under the western lowlands. The agricultural skills evolved between 200 BC and 900 AD to the extent that workers could be made available to build the beautiful cities as we know them today. In the area around the Costa Maya the building styles called Rio Bec and Chennes are found. The Mayan culture weakened during the period of 900 AD to 1200 AD. Other cultures influenced the building styles in that period (an example of this is Tulum).


title: Costa Maya

text: The Río Bec and Chennes sites are some of the most recent found in Mexico. Most of the sites were found by rubber farmers scouting the forest in search of rubber trees. The discovered sites are as follows:


title: Costa Maya

text: During the Mayan high times there was a flourishing maritime trade along the Yucatan coast. The Mayans used large dugout canoes. They traded in fabrics, jade, obsidian, salt, and shells. The area of Xcalak was a landing point because of the two openings in the reef. Xcalak means 'the twins' in Yucatec Maya. A small unnamed site was found just east of the current village of Xcalak.


title: Costa Maya

text: The first contact between the Spanish conquerors and the Maya took place in 1502 in Honduras. Initial contacts were friendly; however when Francisco Hernández de Córdoba arrived on the Yucatán Peninsula in 1517 intent on conquest, the Maya resisted. Thousands of Spaniards were killed within a short period of time, giving subsequent conquistadores adequate excuse for subjugating the native population.


title: Costa Maya

text: Hernán Cortés landed in 1519 on Cozumel and within three years he had conquered most of the area. Twenty years later the Mayans suffered their final defeat by Francisco de Montejo.


title: Costa Maya

text: Following Mexican independence in 1821, the Mayan territories of Chiapas and Yucatan decided to join the United States of Mexico in 1840.


title: Costa Maya

text: In the 19th century Mennonites came to Mexico from the Netherlands. The Mennonites can also be found around the Costa Maya and can easily be recognized by their denim overalls and checkered red shirts.


title: Costa Maya

text: The history of Xcalak dates back to pre-Hispanic times, with 16 archaeological sites having been discovered between Punta Herrero (south of Bahia Espiritu Santo) and Boca Bacalar Chico. Seven of these sites are located between Punta Gavilan (just north of Guacamaya) and Boca Bacalar Chico, the border with Belize.


title: Costa Maya

text: In the 16th century, English pirates took over a large part of the coast and attacked Spanish ships that transported gold and riches back to Spain. Spain tried to defend its interests by constructing forts such as the one at Bacalar. Pirates continued to devastate the region, intending to take over the entire peninsula in the name of the English Crown. The reign of the pirates lasted until the end of the 19th century, taking advantage of the indigenous rebellions and the abandonment in which the region was found.


title: Costa Maya

text: At the end of the 19th century, the Mexican Navy took control over what is today the state of Quintana Roo. In 1897, during the presidency of Porfirio Diaz, a treaty was signed which established the territorial limits between British Honduras (now Belize) and Mexico. This caused serious problems for Mexico because the territorial limit was at the center of Boca Bacalar Chico canal. This natural canal separates the Xcalak peninsula from Ambergris Key, and as a result, Mexican military vessels lost access to Chetumal Bay and remain at the mercy of Belize for permits.


title: Costa Maya

text: Due to the lack of access to Chetumal Bay, Brigadier Angel Ortiz Monasterio, the Mexican consulate, commissioned engineer Rebolledo to find a suitable place to build a port in this area. Rebolledo selected Xcalak because two natural entrances through the barrier reef would permit navigation. The port was established in an effort to permanently occupy this area. From this site, Mexico intended to direct a military campaign to stop the supply of arms to the Maya rebels of Quintana Roo, who were participating in what is known as the Caste War. This led to the establishment of a base on the southern limits of Xcalak peninsula.


title: Costa Maya

text: In October 1899, a site was constructed on the Zaragoza Canal to provide access to Chetumal Bay. (This canal south of town has recently been reopened and re-dredged in another effort to allow military vessels access to the bay.) At the same time, on the Caribbean coast the widening of the entrance through the reef was initiated. In addition, a 'Decauville' railroad was built between Xcalak and La Aguada (on Chetumal Bay) in order to relieve the boat traffic through the narrow international canal.


title: Costa Maya

text: The development resulted in a port system which overcame the lack of a direct entrance into Chetumal Bay. Equipment was unloaded in Xcalak, taken by train to La Aguada, and then reloaded and taken to Payo Obispo, which was founded two years earlier. Thus, the village of Xcalak was founded on May 19, 1900 as the base for the 'Southern Fleet' and the first shipyard in the Mexican Caribbean. At the same time, the first telegraph in the state was built.


title: Costa Maya

text: When the Federal Territory of Quintana Roo was created in 1902, there were three important villages on the coast: Xcalak in the south, Vigia Chico in the middle, and Puerto Morelos in the north. The Xcalak village was the only village in the territory that did not depend on mahogany and chicle (used for chewing gum). Xcalak relied upon fishing and the exportation of coconut. The organization of copra, or coconut ranches, began in Xcalak and expanded to the bay area. Copra exportation eventually replaced fishing.


title: Costa Maya

text: In the 1950s, Xcalak's economy was very healthy, boasting developments such as stone and wood construction, an ice factory, and electric plant, storehouses for large quantities of copra, grocery stores, a billiard hall, a movie theater, and an ice cream factory. Xcalak was the most important supply center in the region. After Hurricane Janet (1955), Xcalak was in ruins. Many of its inhabitants died, including the lighthouse keeper and many sailors. The survivors were traumatized and a large group migrated to interior towns. The survivors who remained in Xcalak returned to fishing. The area was repopulated with people from San Pedro and Sarteneja, Belize, as well as from Honduras and El Salvador.


title: Costa Maya

text: The fishing trade resulted in social organizations. On October 25, 1959, the Cooperative Fishing Production Society of Andrea Quintana Roo was founded. It consisted of 49 members. Fishing techniques were greatly altered with the arrival of the first outboard motors made by Calipso and Lister.


title: Costa Maya

text: In 1980, a gravel road was built, forming the Chetumal − Carrillo Puerto highway. This established a land route between the village of Xcalak and the rest of the state. People often recall that the first vehicle to arrive in the village was a Land Rover.


title: Costa Maya

text: At the end of the 1980s Costa de Cocos and the first dive shop, 'Aventuras Chinchorro' (now XTC Dive Center), opened. Soon after that a second dive shop 'Xcalak Dive Center' appeared. These developments increased tourism and marked the beginning of a new period.


title: Costa Maya

text: On August 24, 1995, the government of Quintana Roo published the decree for the 'Ecological regulation for the area referred to as the Maya Coast' (Punta Herero - Xcalak). The decree outlined tourism development plans for the Costa Maya corridor. Xcalak was designated as one of the sites for the greatest development. The restoration of the municipal pier in Xcalak was completed at the end of 1995 to facilitate tourism development. In June 1996, a ferry pier was built at La Aguada in order to provide service between Chetumal and Xcalak. At the same time, the existing airstrip in Xcalak was enlarged.


title: Costa Maya

text: There are approximately 300 native inhabitants of Xcalak. Most rely on fishing for their livelihood; however, many are now working in tourism and recently the Tourism Cooperative was formed. Officials that have their headquarters in Xcalak include: the Municipal Delegation, State Government representative of the Judicial Police, a port captain, immigration officer, and Navy base. As part of the social structure, other associations have been formed: the Parents Association, the Electricity Committee, the fishing Cooperative, and a Community Committee in which different representatives of all community sectors participate. It is through the Community Committee that issues regarding the management and conservation of natural resources are addressed.


title: Costa Maya

text: The resort was hit directly by Category 5 Hurricane Dean in August 2007. The area was also hit significantly by Hurricane Ernesto in early August 2012. Although much of the resort was not hit heavily, the surrounding town of Mahahual has experienced a large amount of damage.


title: Costa Maya

text: The Mexican government is trying to improve the standard of living for the indigenous population in the Costa Maya area by developing small scale ecologically-based tourism.


title: Costa Maya

text: Xcalak is to be preserved as a middle-sized village with tourism based on ecological principles. To achieve this development, ecological laws have been implemented on the Costa Maya. Sian Ka'an South of Tulum is a protected natural reserve, Banco Chinchorro is declared as a protected archaeological marine park and the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System in front of Xcalak is declared a natural reserve park.


title: Sleep inertia

text: Sleep inertia is a physiological state of impaired cognitive and sensory-motor performance that is present immediately after awakening. It persists during the transition of sleep to wakefulness, where an individual will experience feelings of drowsiness, disorientation and a decline in motor dexterity. Impairment from sleep inertia may take several hours to dissipate. In the majority of cases, morning sleep inertia is experienced for 15 to 30 minutes after waking.


title: Sleep inertia

text: Sleep inertia is of concern with decision-making abilities, safety-critical tasks and the ability to operate efficiently soon after awakening. In these situations, it poses an occupational hazard due to the cognitive and motor deficits that may be present.


title: Sleep inertia

text: These symptoms are expressed with the greatest intensity immediately after waking, and dissipate following a period of extended wakefulness. The duration of symptoms varies on a conditional basis, with primary expression during the first 15–60 minutes after waking and potentially extending for several hours. Tasks that require more complex cognitive operations will feature greater deficits as compared to a simple motor task; the accuracy of sensory and motor functioning is more impaired by sleep inertia as compared to sheer speed. In order to measure the cognitive and motor deficiencies associated with sleep inertia, a battery of tests may be utilized including psychomotor vigilance task, descending subtraction task (DST), auditory reaction time task, and the finger tapping task.


title: Sleep inertia

text: There has been a great deal of research into potential methods to relieve the effects of sleep inertia. The demand for remedies is driven by the occupational hazards of sleep inertia for employees who work extended shifts such as medical professionals, emergency responders, or military personnel. The motor functioning and cognitive ability of these professionals who must immediately respond to a call can pose a safety hazard in the workplace. Below are some of the various methods that have been suggested to combat sleep inertia.


title: Sleep inertia

text: When a person is sleep deprived, re-entering sleep may provide a viable route to reduce mental and physical fatigue but it can also induce sleep inertia. In order to limit sleep inertia, one should avoid waking from the deeper stages of slow-wave sleep. The onset of slow-wave sleep occurs approximately 30 minutes after falling asleep, therefore a nap should be limited to under 30 minutes to prevent waking during slow-wave sleep and enhancing sleep inertia. Furthermore, self-awakening from a short nap was shown to relieve disorientation of sleep inertia as opposed to a forced awakening, but these results may warrant more research into the nature of arousal after sleep periods.


title: Sleep inertia

text: Caffeine is a xanthine derivative that can cross the blood-brain barrier. The caffeine present in coffee or tea exerts its stimulating action by blocking adenosine receptors in the brain. By antagonizing the adenosine receptors caffeine limits the effects of adenosine buildup in the brain and increases alertness and attentiveness. Previous research has shown that coupled with a short nap, consuming caffeine prior to the nap can alleviate the effects of sleep inertia. Nonetheless, individual degree of consumption and tolerance to caffeine may be responsible for variation in its efficacy to reduce sleep inertia symptoms.


title: Sleep inertia

text: The natural light provided by the sunrise may contribute to a reduction in sleep inertia effects. Research simulating increase of light at dawn was shown to potentiate the cortisol awakening response (CAR). The CAR is a spike in blood cortisol levels following awakening, and is associated with the return to an alert cognitive state.


title: Sleep inertia

text: Some other interventions that could potentially minimize the effects of sleep inertia are sound and temperature. There is moderate evidence that the presence of mild sounds and a sharp decrease in the temperature of the extremities may independently reverse sleep inertia symptoms. Noise, especially music, is thought to increase attentiveness and decrease one's subjective feeling of sleepiness upon awakening. A drop in temperature of the extremities may prevent heat loss upon awakening, facilitating the return of core body temperature to homeostatic daytime levels.


title: Inverse agonist

text: In pharmacology, an inverse agonist is a drug that binds to the same receptor as an agonist but induces a pharmacological response opposite to that of the agonist.


title: Inverse agonist

text: A neutral antagonist has no activity in the absence of an agonist or inverse agonist but can block the activity of either. Inverse agonists have opposite actions to those of agonists but the effects of both of these can be blocked by antagonists.


title: Inverse agonist

text: A prerequisite for an inverse agonist response is that the receptor must have a constitutive (also known as intrinsic or basal) level of activity in the absence of any ligand. An agonist increases the activity of a receptor above its basal level, whereas an inverse agonist decreases the activity below the basal level.


title: Inverse agonist

text: The efficacy of a full agonist is by definition 100%, a neutral antagonist has 0% efficacy, and an inverse agonist has < 0% (i.e., negative) efficacy.


title: Inverse agonist

text: Receptors for which inverse agonists have been identified include the GABA, melanocortin, mu opioid, histamine and beta adrenergic receptors. Both endogenous and exogenous inverse agonists have been identified, as have drugs at ligand gated ion channels and at G protein-coupled receptors.


title: Inverse agonist

text: An example of a receptor site that possesses basal activity and for which inverse agonists have been identified is the GABA receptors. Agonists for GABA receptors (such as muscimol) create a relaxant effect, whereas inverse agonists have agitation effects (for example, Ro15-4513) or even convulsive and anxiogenic effects (certain beta-carbolines).


title: Inverse agonist

text: Two known endogenous inverse agonists are the Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and its associated peptide Agouti signalling peptide (ASIP). AgRP and ASIP appear naturally in humans and bind melanocortin receptors 4 and 1 (Mc4R and Mc1R), respectively, with nanomolar affinities.


title: Inverse agonist

text: The opioid antagonists naloxone and naltrexone act as neutral antagonists of the mu opioid receptors under basal conditions, but as inverse agonists when an opioid such as morphine as bound to the same channel. 6α-naltrexo, 6β-naltrexol, 6β-naloxol, and 6β-naltrexamine acted neutral antagonists regardless of opioid binding and caused significantly reduced withdrawal jumping when compared to naloxone and naltrexone.


title: Inverse agonist

text: Nearly all antihistamines acting at H1 receptors and H2 receptors have been shown to be inverse agonists.


title: Inverse agonist

text: The beta blockers carvedilol and bucindolol have been shown to be low level inverse agonists at beta adrenoceptors.


title: Inverse agonist

text: Like Agonists, inverse agonists have their own unique ways of inducing pharmacological and physiological responses depending on many factors, such as the type of inverse agonist, the type of receptor, mutants of receptors, binding affinities and whether the effects are exerted acutely or chronically based on receptor population density. Because of this, they exhibit a spectrum of activity below the Intrinsic activity level. Changes in constitutive activity of receptors affect response levels from ligands like inverse agonists.


title: Inverse agonist

text: To illustrate, mechanistic models have been made for how inverse agonists induce their responses on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Many types of Inverse agonists for GPCRs have been shown to exhibit the following conventionally accepted mechanism.


title: Inverse agonist

text: Based on the Extended Ternary complex model, the mechanism contends that inverse agonists switch the receptor from an active state to an inactive state by undergoing conformational changes. Under this model, current thinking is that the GPCRs can exist in a continuum of active and inactive states when no ligand is present. Inverse agonists stabilize the inactive states, thereby suppressing agonist-independent activity. However, the implementation of 'constitutively active mutants' of GPCRs change their intrinsic activity. Thus, the effect an inverse agonist has on a receptor depends on the basal activity of the receptor, assuming the inverse agonist has the same binding affinity (as shown in the figure 2).


title: Assassination Classroom (season 1)

text: "Assassination Classroom" is an anime series adapted from Yūsei Matsui's manga series of the same name. Produced by Lerche and directed by Seiji Kishi, the first season was broadcast in Japan on Fuji TV from January 9 to June 19, 2015. The series is licensed in North America by Funimation, who simulcast the subtitled version as it aired and streamed an English dub version from February 18, 2015. Adult Swim's Toonami programming block began broadcasting Funimation's English dub of the series on August 30, 2020.


title: Assassination Classroom (season 1)

text: The opening theme for episodes 1–11 is while the opening theme for episodes 12–22 is , both performed by 3-E Utatan. The ending theme is "Hello, shooting star" by Moumoon.


title: Assassination Classroom (season 1)

text: Avex Pictures has released the series on Blu-ray and DVD, in a limited edition, in Japan from March 27, 2015 to October 28, 2016.


title: Assassination Classroom (season 1)

text: Funimation has released the series on Blu-ray and DVD in North America, in a regular and a limited edition, since May 17, 2016.


title: Juanfran (footballer, born 1985)

text: Juan Francisco Torres Belén (; born 9 January 1985), known as Juanfran (), is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a right-back.


title: Juanfran (footballer, born 1985)

text: After starting out at Real Madrid, he went on to make a name for himself in La Liga with Osasuna and Atlético Madrid, signing for the latter club in 2011 and going on to win seven major titles, including the 2014 national championship and the 2012 and 2018 Europa League tournaments. He totalled 427 appearances in Spain's top flight.


title: Juanfran (footballer, born 1985)

text: A Spanish international since 2012, Juanfran was part of the squad that won that year's European Championship, and also represented the nation at the 2014 World Cup and Euro 2016.


title: Juanfran (footballer, born 1985)

text: Born in Crevillent, Alicante, Valencian Community, Juanfran was a product of Real Madrid's youth academy. He had his first main squad opportunity on 24 January 2004, playing 15 minutes in a 2–1 home win against Villarreal CF after solid performances with the B team. Over that and the following seasons, he would play a further five La Liga matches.


title: Juanfran (footballer, born 1985)

text: Juanfran was loaned out to RCD Espanyol for 2005–06 and, although the Catalan side barely avoided relegation, he featured heavily throughout the campaign, scoring on 22 March 2006 in a 1–1 draw at Athletic Bilbao. He started his career as a winger.


title: Juanfran (footballer, born 1985)

text: Juanfran signed with CA Osasuna after a deal that allowed Osasuna to get the player without having to pay a transfer fee and with per-set price of €10 million, adding several specifics, which included a possibility of a January 2007 recall by Madrid who also retained a buying option at the end of the season. He played his first game for the Navarrese on 24 September 2006 in a 2–0 away victory over RC Celta de Vigo, and scored the second goal of the match. Additionally, he appeared in nine games and netted once in their semi-final run in the UEFA Cup.


title: Juanfran (footballer, born 1985)

text: In 2008–09, Juanfran was again an everpresent fixture in Osasuna's lineups. On 31 May 2009, in the last matchday, he scored from 30 yards in a 2–1 home defeat of former side Real Madrid, which kept the club in the top flight for another year. In the following campaign, as the former fared better in the league by finishing 12th, he scored a career-best four goals.


title: Juanfran (footballer, born 1985)

text: On 11 January 2011, Juanfran signed for Atlético Madrid until June 2015 for a fee of just over €4 million. He made his official debut two days later, starting in a 3–1 away loss against his first professional club Real Madrid in the quarter-finals of the Copa del Rey.


title: Juanfran (footballer, born 1985)

text: Juanfran scored his first goal for Atlético on 21 May 2011, in a 4–3 win at RCD Mallorca – the last game of the season – dedicating it to his father who had died two weeks beforehand. In 2011–12 he began being regularly played as a right back, by both Gregorio Manzano and his successor, Diego Simeone. In the Europa League final, which his team won 3–0 against Bilbao, he played in that position; after the match, he dedicated the triumph to his late father, saying "My baby son Oliver is here with me; the only words he knows are 'mama' and 'Atleti',I dedicate this win to my family and to my dad, who passed away last year. I know he's up there looking down on us celebrating now."


title: Juanfran (footballer, born 1985)

text: On 24 May 2014, Juanfran played all 120 minutes of the Champions League Final, lost 4–1 to Real Madrid at the Estádio da Luz. He signed a contract extension one month later, running until 2018.


title: Juanfran (footballer, born 1985)

text: Juanfran started both legs of the round-of-16 Champions League tie against PSV Eindhoven; on 15 March 2016, in the second match, he took the decisive penalty in the 8–7 shootout win (0–0 on aggregate). In the final of the competition, also decided on penalties after a 1–1 draw in Milan, he was the only player to fail to convert in an eventual defeat to his former club Real Madrid.


title: Juanfran (footballer, born 1985)

text: Juanfran left Atlético upon the expiration of his contract on 30 June 2019, having made 355 appearances and won seven trophies for the club.


title: Juanfran (footballer, born 1985)

text: On 3 August 2019, Juanfran joined São Paulo FC on a contract running until December 2020. He became the second Spanish footballer to play for the Brazilian club, after Fernando Carazzo Castro in 1936. He made his debut in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A fifteen days later, a 1–0 home victory over Ceará Sporting Club.


title: Juanfran (footballer, born 1985)

text: Juanfran had an extraordinary performance at the 2004 UEFA European Under-19 Championship, as Spain won the tournament and the player received the Golden Player award. In a rare achievement, he took part in two FIFA World Youth Championships, the first in the United Arab Emirates where the national team took the silver medal; in the 2005 edition they reached the quarter-finals, eventually ousted by winners Argentina.


title: Juanfran (footballer, born 1985)

text: Juanfran made his full side debut on 26 May 2012, playing the entire match in a 2–0 friendly win with Serbia in St. Gallen, as a right-back. He was selected by manager Vicente del Bosque for his squad for UEFA Euro 2012, being an unused player as Spain won the tournament in Poland and Ukraine.


title: Juanfran (footballer, born 1985)

text: On 16 November 2013, Juanfran scored his first international goal, playing the entire 2–1 friendly victory in Equatorial Guinea. However, this match was ruled invalid by FIFA as they had not been notified early enough that the referee would be from Equatorial Guinea.


title: Juanfran (footballer, born 1985)

text: Juanfran was named in Spain's 30-man provisional squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and was also included in the final list. With the country already eliminated, he made his tournament debut in the last group game against Australia, playing the whole 90 minutes and assisting David Villa for the first goal of a 3–0 win.


title: Juanfran (footballer, born 1985)

text: Juanfran featured in the roster for Euro 2016, where he played all of his team's four games. After two years in the international wilderness, in October 2018 the 33-year-old stated that he was still available for selection by the national side.


title: Juanfran (footballer, born 1985)

text: A former winger, Juanfran usually played as a right-back. While an accomplished defender, he was also known for his ability to get forward and provide accurate crosses for teammates inside the box.


title: Sara McMann

text: Sara McMann (born September 24, 1980) is an American female mixed martial artist who competed in the bantamweight division. McMann is a former Olympic wrestler and received a silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece and was a World Silver Medalist and 2-time Bronze Medalist. She would then transition to MMA, most notably competing in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann started wrestling at the age of 14 in Marion, North Carolina at McDowell High School. She is the first American woman in history to receive a silver medal in Olympic wrestling, which she won at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. McMann won silver medal in the 2003 world championships and a bronze medal in the 2005 and 2007 world championships n the Women's Freestyle 63 kg or 138.75 lb weight class.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann announced in late 2010 that she had signed a three-fight contract with Strikeforce. She planned to fight at 135 pounds. However, she did not sign on with the promotion due to an extension clause in the contract.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann was first scheduled to make her professional mixed martial arts debut on November 14, 2010 in Jamaica, but the event was cancelled due to safety problems with the cage.


title: Sara McMann

text: She then had more fights fall apart after opponents backed out, including a scheduled April 30, 2011 fight against Mariah Johnson.


title: Sara McMann

text: On May 28, 2011, McMann made her pro MMA debut at Universal Cage Combat: Revolution. She defeated Christina Marks by submission in the first round.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann faced fellow Olympian Julie Malenfant at Blackeye Promotions 4 on June 17, 2011. McMann defeated Malenfant by TKO early in the first round.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann faced Tonya Evinger at Titan Fighting Championships 19 on July 29, 2011. The fight served as the co-main event. McMann defeated Evinger by unanimous decision.


title: Sara McMann

text: After ProElite reincarnated under new management, McMann faced Raquel Pa'aluhi on the promotion's first event post-EliteXC at ProElite 1: Arlovski vs. Lopez on August 27, 2011. She defeated Pa'aluhi by submission due to an americana in the third round.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann returned to ProElite to face Hitomi Akano at ProElite 3 on January 21, 2012. She defeated Akano by unanimous decision.


title: Sara McMann

text: On April 28, it was announced that McMann would face Shayna Baszler in the main event of Invicta Fighting Championships 2. The event took place on July 28, 2012. McMann defeated Baszler via unanimous decision and the bout was named fight of the night. The bout was a title eliminator, with the winner scheduled to face the winner of Alexis Davis vs. Hitomi Akano.


title: Sara McMann

text: On September 4, 2012, it was announced McMann had signed with Strikeforce. She was expected to debut at against former bantamweight title challenger Liz Carmouche, but the event was cancelled.


title: Sara McMann

text: In February 2013, McMann officially joined the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). It was rumored she turned down a fight with then-title holder Ronda Rousey. However, this was false information and no such fight was offered or even presented to McMann at the time. She became the third female to earn a victory in the UFC by defeating Sheila Gaff at UFC 159.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann was slated to face former Strikeforce champion Sarah Kaufman on August 28, 2013 at UFC Fight Night 27. However, McMann withdrew from the bout for, at the time, undisclosed personal reasons. In January 2015, she disclosed that the reason for withdrawing was due to her father battling aggressive lymphoma.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann faced Ronda Rousey for the UFC Women's Bantamweight Championship at UFC 170. She lost the fight by TKO after getting knocked down with a knee to the body. This stoppage created controversy, with many sports writers and attendants finding it premature.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann faced promotional newcomer Lauren Murphy at UFC Fight Night 47 on August 16, 2014. McMann won the fight by split decision.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann faced Miesha Tate at UFC 183 on January 31, 2015. Despite a strong first round, she lost by majority decision.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann faced Amanda Nunes on August 8, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 73. She lost the fight via submission in the first round.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann faced Jessica Eye at UFC Fight Night 88 on May 29, 2016. She won the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann was expected to face Liz Carmouche at UFC Fight Night 105, on February 19, 2017. However, Carmouche was forced to pull out of the fight due to injury and will be replaced by newcomer Gina Mazany. McMann won the fight via submission early in the first round.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann was originally expected to face Ketlen Vieira at UFC 214 on July 29, 2017. However, the fight was moved to UFC 215. She lost the bout via arm-triangle choke submission in the second round.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann faced Marion Reneau on February 24, 2018 at UFC on Fox 28. After dominating the first round, McMann was knocked down and submitted by Reneau in the second round.


title: Sara McMann

text: After a year hiatus due to maternity leave, McMann was scheduled to face Nicco Montaño on July 13, 2019 at UFC on ESPN+ 13. However, McMann pulled out of the bout citing an injury in mid-June and was replaced by Julianna Peña.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann faced Lina Länsberg on January 25, 2020 at UFC Fight Night 166. She won the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann was scheduled to face Aspen Ladd on June 27, 2020 at . However, Ladd suffered a training injury, torn both her ACL and MCL and was forced to withdraw from the event.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann was expected to face Julianna Peña on January 16, 2021 at UFC on ABC 1 before being pushed back a week later to UFC 257 on January 24, 2021. McMann lost the fight via submission in round three.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann was scheduled to face Ketlen Vieira on August 28, 2021 at UFC on ESPN 30. However, McMann announced in mid August that a "reinjury" forced her out of the bout.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann faced Karol Rosa on March 26, 2022 at UFC on ESPN 33. She won the fight by unanimous decision.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann was scheduled to face Aspen Ladd on August 13, 2022, at UFC on ESPN 41. However, Ladd was tested positive for COVID-19 and she was forced to withdraw from the event, and they were rescheduled for UFC Fight Night 210 on September 17. At the weigh-ins, Ladd weighed in at 138 pounds, two pounds over the bantamweight non-title fight limit. As a result the bout was scrapped.


title: Sara McMann

text: The cancelled bout against Ladd was counted as her last bout of her contract and she was paid her show money, with McMann now being a free agent and exploring potential possibilities.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann's parents are Paula Jean and Thomas William McMann. She has one sister, Nickolina, and had one brother, Jason. Jason, who wrestled at Quince Orchard High School in Gaithersburg, Maryland, was murdered January 23, 1999 at the age of 21.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann attended McDowell High School in Marion, North Carolina where she was coached by Timothy Hutchins. In addition to wrestling, she participated in theatre productions. She earned a degree in Theatre at Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania, where she was a member of the school's wrestling team under the coaching of Carl Poff from 1999 to 2003. She previously attended University of Minnesota Morris from 1998 to 1999, where she was coached by Doug Reese.


title: Sara McMann

text: In August 2010, McMann was awarded an MA/EDS with a major in mental health counseling from Gardner-Webb University in Boiling Springs, North Carolina.


title: Sara McMann

text: McMann does volunteer work for Habitat for Humanity, a Christian housing ministry. She traveled to Sri Lanka with Olympic teammates to help victims of the tsunami rebuild homes for those displaced by the tidal wave. She also helps with youth clubs and speaks to upcoming girls and boys about wrestling.


title: Sara McMann

text: On September 3, 2004, while driving her Jeep in Colorado on the way to Iowa with her fiance, former ASU three-time NCAA All-American wrestler Steven Blackford as her passenger, the vehicle ran off the road and rolled over. He was ejected from the vehicle, and died at the scene. McMann was hospitalized with a broken arm and minor injuries, and later charged with careless driving.


title: Sara McMann

text: On May 30, 2018, McMann announced on social media that she and her partner Chad Bingham were expecting a child, and that she had put her career in mixed martial arts on hold. In December 2018, she announced that she had given birth to her son, Lucas.


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: The governor of North Carolina is the head of government of the U.S. state of North Carolina. The governor directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander in chief of the military forces of the state. The current governor, Democrat Roy Cooper took office on January 1, 2017, and had a public swearing-in ceremony on January 7, 2017.


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: Originally, under the North Carolina Constitution of 1776, the office was very weak, and was elected by the legislature (North Carolina General Assembly) for a one-year term. Edward B. Dudley became the first North Carolina Governor elected by the people on December 31, 1836. Governors served two-year terms from 1836 until a new constitution was adopted in 1868; since then, all governors are elected for four-year terms. Under the 1868 constitution, the governor's executive power was derived from the following provision: "The executive department shall consist of a governor, in whom shall be invested the supreme executive power of the State."


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: Well into the twentieth century, the North Carolina Constitution made the state's governor one of the weakest in the nation. The new constitution of 1971 stipulated that "The executive power of the State shall be invested in the Governor", making the official unambiguously the chief executive of the state. The constitution also affirmed the governor's role as the director of the state budget, a power originally codified in the Executive Budget Act of 1925.


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: Until an amendment was added to the state constitution in 1977, North Carolina governors could only serve a single four-year term and could not run for re-election. This amendment strengthened the political authority of the office. After the amendment was passed, in 1980 James B. Hunt became the first governor in state history to be elected to a second term. Governors are still limited to only two consecutive four-year terms, but they may run for further non-consecutive terms. Governor Hunt did just that, winning election to a third and fourth term in 1992 and 1996 after being out of the office for the eight years between 1985 and 1993. The Lieutenant Governor is also limited to two consecutive four-year terms. North Carolina was also the last state in the country to give its governors veto power over legislation; this was not added to the state constitution until a referendum in 1996. While institutional enhancements increased the formal power of the governorship over the course of the 20th century, this was counteracted by a corresponding rise in the legislature's growing willingness to assert its separate desires in state policy.


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: Much of North Carolina's traditional resistance to strong executive power came from the harsh treatment the state suffered from British governors in the provincial period before the American Revolution. After the state gained its independence from Britain, the state constitution deliberately weakened the executive branch of state government and strengthened the legislative branch. Since the end of Reconstruction in the 1870s the overwhelming majority of the state's governors have been Democrats. The only Republican to be elected governor between 1876 and 1972 was Daniel L. Russell, who served 1897–1901.


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: As Republican strength grew in North Carolina after 1950, the state's gubernatorial elections became increasingly competitive. In 1972 James Holshouser was elected as the state's first Republican governor of the 20th century. Even so, Republicans have still had difficulty in winning gubernatorial elections in North Carolina, and the office has usually remained in Democratic hands. Beginning in the latter half of the 20th century, Democratic gubernatorial candidates have regularly outperformed their presidential counterparts. Republican gubernatorial candidates have generally attempted to link their efforts with Republican presidential campaigns, while Democratic candidates have usually placed more distance between themselves and their associated presidential contenders. Incumbents tend to win reelection.


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: The vast majority of people who have been elected Governor of North Carolina have been male, white, Protestant Christian, born and raised in a rural North Carolinian environment, about 50 years of age, politically experienced, attorneys, and college educated. Bev Perdue, elected in 2008, was the first woman to serve as governor of North Carolina.


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: As with other state officials, only qualified voters in North Carolina are eligible to be elected governor. Unlike most other candidates, who must be at least 21 years of age, any potential governor must be at least 30 years of age. They must also have been a citizen of the United States for at least five years and a resident of North Carolina for at least two years preceding election. The governor is elected in 1972 and every four years thereafter. They serve for a four-year term and until their successor has assumed office. Contested elections for the office of governor are resolved by joint vote of the General Assembly.


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: The governor's term of office begins on January 1 following their election, but they may not exercise the duties of the office until delivering and undersigning the oath or affirmation of office before a justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court. The oath, which is identical for all state officials, is prescribed by the Article VI Section 7 of the constitution. The governor is limited to serving two consecutive terms in office, with no limits on nonconsecutive terms. In the event the governor-elect fails to qualify for their office, the lieutenant governor-elect becomes governor. The lieutenant governor is elected at the same time as the governor but on their own ticket.


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: The Governor of North Carolina is the chief executive of the state and is tasked by the Constitution of North Carolina with faithfully carrying out the laws of the state. The governor is empowered to request agency heads in state government to report to them in writing on subjects relating to executive duties. They are authorized by the constitution to reorganize executive agencies by executive order submitted to the General Assembly, which have "the force of law" unless expressly disapproved by the assembly. They are "ex officio" commander in chief of the North Carolina National Guard—except when the guard is placed into federal service—and are authorized to call it into service "to execute the law". They are empowered to grant pardons and commutations to convicted criminals and serve as the state's chief representative in intergovernmental matters. They are responsible for reviewing extradition requests from other states and issuing a governor's warrant to detain persons for extradition. The constitution makes the governor the director of the state budget. In this capacity, the governor has the responsibility of monitoring revenue and expenditures to ensure the state maintains a balanced budget and preparing budget recommendations for the General Assembly, which can disregard the proposals in creating the state budget.


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: The office has extensive powers of appointment of executive branch officials, some judges, and members of boards and commissions. Most executive appointments are not subject to legislative consent and many appointees serve at the pleasure of the governor. Some appointments to major state boards, including the State Board of Education and the North Carolina Utilities Commission, require confirmation from either one or both houses of the General Assembly. Cabinet secretaries are subject to confirmation from the State Senate. The governor is empowered to appoint interim officials to any vacant Council of State offices aside from the Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina without legislative assent pending the next state legislative election. They also may fill vacant judicial offices unless otherwise directed by law. Some appointments to state boards are reserved for other state officials, and the governor's ability to remove officials has been limited by courts.


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: The governor is constitutionally obligated to periodically inform the General Assembly on the "state of the State". They are empowered to veto bills of the General Assembly. A veto can be overridden by a three-fifths majority vote of the assembly. The governor may call the General Assembly into extraordinary session after consulting the Council of State and is required to convene the assembly in specific circumstances to review vetoed legislation.


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: The governor is one of 10 members of the Council of State, a collection of elected state executives. The body has minimal constitutional duties, with its most significant responsibilities arising from statute, including approving the governor's acquisitions and disposals of state property. The governor is tasked by the constitution with keeping the Great Seal of the State North Carolina. The constitution empowers the governor to permit the state or a local government to incur a debt without a referendum in the event of an emergency threat to public health or safety. The governor is constitutionally required to live at the seat of state government. Since 1891, the Executive Mansion in Raleigh has served as the official residence of the governor of North Carolina and their family.


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: While North Carolina's governor has stronger appointive abilities than most of their contemporaries around the United States, the office has a lower-than-average amount of institutional power compared to governors in other states. Unlike governors in 43 other states, the North Carolina governor does not have line-item veto power. They are also prohibited from vetoing joint resolutions of the legislature. The separate election of other state executive officials on the Council of State draws authority away from the governorship.


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: In the event of the governor's absence from North Carolina, or their physical or mental incapacity, the lieutenant governor is tasked with serving as "Acting Governor". In the event of the governor's death, resignation, or removal, the lieutenant governor or whoever next available in the line of succession shall assume the governorship to complete the full term to which the original governor was elected. Constitutionally, physical incapacity can only be determined by the governor themselves; they may write to the North Carolina Attorney General that they are physically incapable of performing their duties. They can resume their duties after informing the attorney general that they are physically capable. The Council of State has the ability by majority vote to call the General Assembly into an extraordinary session to consider the governor's mental capacity. The General Assembly can declare the governor mentally incapable with a two-third majority vote on a joint resolution. The assembly is required to give the governor notice of this consideration and allow them to express their own opinion on their capacity before a vote.


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: Aside from states of mental or physical incapacity, the only other constitutional reason to remove the governor is their commission of an impeachable offense. In the event that the governor is impeached by the North Carolina House of Representatives, the chief justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court presides over the court of impeachment. The court is composed of the State Senate, with a majority of its members serving as a quorum. A two-thirds affirmative vote of the senators present constitutes a conviction and thus removal and future disqualification from holding office.


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: North Carolina's line of gubernatorial succession is by enumerated in Article III, Section 3 of the Constitution of North Carolina and General Statutes Section 147.11.1:


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: The governor's office is in the State Capitol. Regional offices are located in New Bern and Asheville to reach local governments and residents in the eastern and western portions of the state, respectively. The Asheville office also oversees management of the governor's western residence. Another office is maintained in Washington D.C. to serve as a liaison between North Carolina's government and the state's congressional delegation and the federal government. As with all Council of State officers, the governor's salary is fixed by the General Assembly and cannot be reduced during their term of office. In 2022, the governor's annual salary was $165,750.


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: The governor's office employs a senior staff, which assist the governor in their management of the cabinet and offer advice in legislative matters. The governor appoints a legal counsel who advises the governor, their cabinet, and the Council of State. The counsel also provides advice regarding legal policy matters and investigates the merits of pardons and commutations. The Office of State Budget and Management prepares the state budget and advises the governor on budgetary affairs. The Boards and Commissions Office advises the governor on their appointments. The Communications Office employs spokespersons for the governor and prepares press releases, speeches, and public events for them. The Policy Office crafts and considers the governors' main executive and legislative policy goals. The Education Policy Office does the same with a focus on educational matters. The Office of Constituent Services fields citizen inquires and correspondence. The Office of Citizen and Faith Outreach handles matters concerning minority groups and religion. The Legislative Affairs Office acts as a liaison between the governor and the General Assembly and reports on the progression of legislation. The Governmental Relations Office serves as a liaison between the state government, local governments, and the federal government.


title: Governor of North Carolina

text: , there are five living former N.C. governors. The most recent former governor to die was James Holshouser (1934–2013), on June 17, 2013. The living former governors, in order of service, are:


title: Jevan Snead

text: Jevan Bryce Snead (September 2, 1987 – September 21, 2019) was an American football quarterback. He played college football at Mississippi after Colt McCoy won the starting quarterback position over him for the Texas Longhorns football team. He was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an undrafted free agent but was cut from the team and was later a pre-season member of the Tampa Bay Storm.


title: Jevan Snead

text: Snead was a prep All-American, two-time all-state and two-time all-district performer for Stephenville High School, who finished his high school career with a 23-2 (.920) record as a starter. As a senior, he was named to the "2006 Parade All-America" team. He was also listed as a second-team All-American by EA Sports and he earned an invitation to the "Elite 11 Quarterback Camp". Snead was selected for the 2006 U.S. Army All-American Bowl and finished the game with the second-most passing yards in the history of that game, as he threw for 147 yards and two touchdowns.


title: Jevan Snead

text: Snead originally committed to Florida but decided to go to Texas to be closer to home. Top high school recruit Tim Tebow later committed to Florida. Snead revised his decision immediately after a recruiting trip to Texas where he watched the 2005 Texas Longhorns football team beat Kansas by a score of 66–14.


title: Jevan Snead

text: Snead's last high school game was a 41–38 loss in the Texas 4A Division 1 State semi-finals against Dallas Highland Park. That team was led by former Georgia Bulldogs and current LA Rams quarterback, Matthew Stafford.


title: Jevan Snead

text: Following the 2005 season Vince Young declared for the NFL draft, leaving the University of Texas at Austin. The Texas Longhorns' quarterback position became an open competition between true freshman Snead and redshirt freshman Colt McCoy. McCoy eventually narrowly beat out Snead for the starting job and thrived in the position, relegating Snead to limited playing time as the backup.


title: Jevan Snead

text: During the November 11, 2006 game against the Kansas State Wildcats, McCoy suffered a stinger shoulder injury while rushing for a touchdown on the very first drive of the game. Snead came into the game in relief. Snead was sacked five times during the game, rushing 12 times for minus 2 yards, which combined with two fumbles by running backs led to the Longhorns trailing by as much as 21 points in the second half. Still, Snead brought them within 3 points of tying the game. However, the Longhorns failed to recover an onside kick and Texas lost in an upset to the Wildcats 45–42. The game had the distinction of being the most points ever scored by a Texas team in a losing effort. Texas defensive coordinator Gene Chizik said "The quarterback had a great night and we just didn't play great sudden-change defense". Head coach Mack Brown also had praise for Snead's performance coming off the bench, adding "If he plays in the game in two weeks, he'll be much more ready."


title: Jevan Snead

text: There was speculation that Snead might be the starter for the final regular season game because it was unknown whether McCoy would return for the Longhorns season closer against arch-rival Texas A&M on November 24, 2006. The Tuesday prior to the Thursday game, Longhorns announced that McCoy was cleared to play the game against the Aggies. McCoy played almost the entire game only to be injured with 20 seconds remaining by a powerful tackle by Aggie defensive end Michael Bennett. Snead, attempting to come from behind 12–7 with so little time on the clock, threw an interception to end the game.


title: Jevan Snead

text: In January 2007, Snead enrolled at the University of Mississippi to play for the Ole Miss Rebels under then-head coach Ed Orgeron. Due to NCAA transfer rules, Snead had to sit out the 2007 season, but then had three years of eligibility remaining, beginning with the 2008 season. In the Rebels' 2008 spring game, Snead made 20 of 26 passes for 269 yards and two touchdowns. Head coach Houston Nutt stated to the press that he was "thankful that [Snead] is here on campus". Nutt looked to Snead to become the starter for the 2008 team. Through the first twelve games as the starter for the Ole Miss Rebels, Jevan Snead passed for 2470 yards, 23 Touchdowns and 12 interceptions. More importantly the Rebels were 8-4 and bowl eligible for the 1st time since 2003. The #25-ranked Rebels upset #7 Texas Tech in the 2009 Cotton Bowl Classic 47–34, and Snead completed 18 of 29 passes for 292 yards, three touchdowns, and one interception in his first bowl start.


title: Jevan Snead

text: The Rebels began the 2009 season ranked 8 in the AP rankings. Just days after the Rebels defeated the Memphis Tigers in their first game of 2009, Snead was one of 22 football players who had contracted swine flu. It was not believed that the illness would prevent Snead from playing any games. The Rebels finished the 2009 season 4–4 in the SEC and 9-4 overall and defeated Oklahoma State 21–7 in the 2010 Cotton Bowl, in which Snead suffered a helmet-to-helmet hit early in the second quarter and did not return until the fourth quarter. He finished 13-of-23 for 168 yards with three interceptions.


title: Jevan Snead

text: Snead ended his 2009 season by passing for 2,632 yards, with 20 touchdowns and 20 interceptions. After the season, he declared for the 2010 NFL Draft.


title: Jevan Snead

text: Snead's 2008 and 2009 seasons rank sixth and eighth, respectively, in Ole Miss's career ranking of single-season passing yards, while his career total of 5,394 ranks sixth all-time.


title: Jevan Snead

text: Entering his junior season at Ole Miss, Snead was considered a top-2 quarterback prospect (along with Sam Bradford) in the 2010 NFL Draft, according to his former high school coach Chad Morris. In April 2009, "CBSSports.com"'s Pete Prisco even projected Snead to be the first overall pick in 2010. After his junior season, which saw him throw 20 touchdowns and 20 interceptions, Snead requested a draft evaluation from the NFL Draft Advisory Board, and he received a fourth-round draft grade. However, he went undrafted.


title: Jevan Snead

text: After going undrafted, Snead signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on April 24, 2010. He was released on July 31, 2010, to make room on the 80-man training camp roster for newly signed first round draft pick Gerald McCoy. On August 24, 2010, Snead re-signed with Tampa Bay, after starting quarterback Josh Freeman suffered a thumb injury that sidelined him for the rest of the preseason. Snead was to back-up Josh Johnson and Rudy Carpenter before the Buccaneers again cut Snead on September 4, 2010.


title: Jevan Snead

text: On January 4, 2011, Snead signed a contract to play for the Tampa Bay Storm of the Arena Football League. He was released prior to the start of the season on March 6.


title: Jevan Snead

text: According to his former high school football coach, as of January 2015, Snead worked as an oil field supplies salesman in San Antonio, Texas.


title: Jevan Snead

text: Snead died by suicide on September 21, 2019, in Austin, Texas, at the age of 32. Snead had suffered dementia-like symptoms after his football career, unable to remember games he played at Ole Miss and even parts of his childhood. This led him and his family to conclude that he was experiencing symptoms of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) caused by concussions suffered during his years of playing football. After his death and pursuant to his wishes, Snead's brain was donated to an institute that studies CTE.


title: Tracer (Overwatch)

text: Tracer is the alias of Lena Oxton, a fictional playable character who appears in "Overwatch", a franchise centered around first-person hero shooter video games developed by Blizzard Entertainment. Tracer was first seen in the 2014 "Overwatch" Cinematic Trailer short. She was introduced as a playable character in an April 2016 update for the crossover multiplayer online battle arena game "Heroes of the Storm", nearly a month prior to the release of the first "Overwatch" game. She appeared again in "Overwatch 2", a 2022 sequel to the original game.


title: Tracer (Overwatch)

text: The character, who is of British origin, has been noted by video game outlets to be peppy and energetic. In the game, Tracer has low health, but is highly mobile with her skills including a teleportation-like ability and time-travel. Those abilities were caused by an accident that left her unable to maintain a physical form in the present until Winston invented the chronal accelerator, a device that allows her to control her own time frame.


title: Tracer (Overwatch)

text: Prominently featured in the franchise's official media and serving as the first game's cover girl, Tracer is one of the most recognizable "Overwatch" characters. She is one of the more commonly featured characters in the franchise's fan art. Tracer has attracted media coverage related to online controversies surrounding one of her in-game victory poses, as well as her prominence in fan-produced pornography, which Blizzard has tried to remove. The character has appeared in "Overwatch" animated media and a digital comic series based on the game. In her comic debut, she is revealed to be a lesbian, a depiction that was positively received by media outlets and players.


title: Tracer (Overwatch)

text: Tracer was one of the first twelve "Overwatch" characters introduced at BlizzCon in 2014. Her in-game character model notably features tight orange pants, goggles and Crocs-like shoes. Her design is based upon an element from Blizzard's canceled project, "Titan". "Overwatch"s game director Jeff Kaplan said "Titan" included a class of character called "Jumper", which developed into Tracer because "Overwatch" focuses on creating individual characters instead of generic classes. The Jumper class was depicted as male in most of the concept artwork and its player version. Like Tracer in "Overwatch", the Jumper was equipped with the Blink and Recall abilities, as well as a Pulse bomb and dual-wielding machine pistols. The design of Tracer's pistols were influenced by the G18 pistols featured in "".


title: Tracer (Overwatch)

text: Tracer's design was influenced by Geoff Goodman, the lead hero designer for "Overwatch". Tracer was the first hero designed for the game and was used to test the basic gameplay. Kaplan recounted the first "Overwatch" playtest, stating, "The entire level was gray and blocky and the only hero was Tracer. We had no visual effects or attachment points on her guns so she just shot laser beams out of her eyes." "Overwatch"s assistant game director Aaron Keller has said Temple of Anubis was the first map developed for the game, and that the map and Tracer were worked on concurrently. Keller said, "One day we got both of them in, and just with Tracer running around an unfinished map it was fun". Keller said that, unlike other characters, Tracer's three abilities were maintained throughout the game's development, noting, "from the beginning, she originated as a 'whole' hero". However, her health pool was nerfed during the game's late closed beta stages. Concerning Tracer's gameplay style, "Kotaku"s Kirk Hamilton said "she's quick and squishy, designed more to harry the opposing team from behind than to survive a frontal assault".


title: Tracer (Overwatch)

text: Lead artist Arnold Tsang said the character's body size and running pose were considered during character design to make each hero easily identifiable. Tracer has a wild running animation and a unique trail of blue light extending behind her. Nathan Grayson of "Kotaku" said her jump animation appears "hyper-exaggerated and kinda goofy looking", a result of the smear frame and squash and stretch animation techniques used in "Overwatch". Blizzard senior animator David Gibson pointed out frames from her jump animation: "We're trying to just push it a little further than normal. Something as simple as stretching the torso out, having her hang [in the air] just a little bit longer than normal. Really squashing her when she lands."