title: Secularism in Turkey

text: The establishing structure (Ruling institution of the Ottoman Empire) of the Ottoman Empire (13th century) was an Islamic state in which the head of the Ottoman state was the Sultan. The social system was organized around millet. Millet structure allowed a great degree of religious, cultural and ethnic continuity to non-Muslim populations across the subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire and at the same time it permitted their incorporation into the Ottoman administrative, economic and political system. The Ottoman-appointed governor collected taxes and provided security, while the local religious or cultural matters were left to the regional communities to decide. On the other hand, the sultans were Muslims and the laws that bound them were based on the Sharia, the body of Islamic law, as well as various cultural customs. The Sultan, beginning in 1517, was also a caliph, the leader of all the Sunni Muslims in the world. By the turn of the 19th century the Ottoman ruling elite recognized the need to restructure the legislative, military and judiciary systems to cope with their new political rivals in Europe. When the millet system started to lose its efficiency due to the rise of nationalism within its borders, the Ottoman Empire explored new ways of governing its territory composed of diverse populations.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: Sultan Selim III founded the first secular military schools by establishing the new military unit, Nizam-ı Cedid, as early as 1792. However the last century (19th century) of the Ottoman Empire had many far reaching reforms. These reforms peaked with the Tanzimat which was the initial reform era of the Ottoman Empire. After the Tanzimat, rules, such as those relating to the equalized status of non-Muslim citizens, the establishment of a parliament, the abandonment of medieval punishments for apostasy, as well as the codification of the constitution of the empire and the rights of Ottoman subjects were established. The First World War brought about the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the subsequent partitioning of the Ottoman Empire by the victorious Allies.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: Reforms and policies designed to modernize Turkey adopted by Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938), the founder and the first president of Republic of Turkey, were known as "Kemalism", and had "six principles: republicanism, nationalism, populism, secularism, revolutionism and statism". Unlike some "softer" forms of secularism, Kemalist secularism "did not mean the separation of religion only from the state, rather it meant the separation of religion from whole public spheres—politics, jurisprudence, education, society and so on".


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: Kemalism excluded "religious symbols from public domain" and put religion "under the strict control of the state".


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: The weekly holiday was changed from Friday to Sunday, the calendar changed from the Muslim lunar to Gregorian, and the alphabet changed from Arabic to Latin.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: During the establishment of the Republic, there were two sections of the elite group at the helm of the discussions for the future. These were the Islamist reformists and Westerners. They shared a similar goal, the modernization of the new state. Many basic goals were common to both groups. The founder of the modern Turkish Republic Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's achievement was to amplify this common ground and put the country on a fast track of reforms, now known as Atatürk's Reforms.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: Their first act was to give the Turkish nation the right to exercise popular sovereignty via representative democracy. Prior to declaring the new Republic, the Turkish Grand National Assembly abolished the constitutional monarchy on November 1, 1922. The Turkish Grand National Assembly then moved to replace the extant Islamic law structure with the laws it had passed during the Turkish War of Independence, beginning in 1919. The modernization of the Law had already begun at the point that the project was undertaken in earnest. A milestone in this process was the passage of the Turkish Constitution of 1921. Upon the establishment of the Republic on October 29, 1923, the institution of the caliphate remained, but the passage of a new constitution in 1924 effectively abolished this title held by the Ottoman Sultanate since 1517. Even as the new constitution eliminated the caliphate it, at the same time, declared Islam as the official religion of the Turkish Republic. According to the law text passed by the Turkish Parliament, "Since the Caliphate was essentially present in the meaning and concept of the Government and the Republic, the office of the Caliphate was abolished."


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: Following quickly upon these developments, a number of social reforms were undertaken. Many of these reforms affected every aspect of Turkish life, moving to erase the legacy of dominance long held by religion and tradition. The unification of education, installation of a secular education system, and the closure of many religious orders took place on March 3, 1924. This extended to closure of religious convents and dervish lodges on November 30, 1925. These reforms also included the extension to women of voting rights in 1931 and the right be to elected to public office on December 5, 1934. The inclusion of reference to "laïcité" into the constitution was achieved by an amendment on February 5, 1937, a move regarded as the final act in the project of instituting complete separation between governmental and religious affairs in Turkey.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: According to at least one observer (Mustafa Akyol), under the Islamic Justice and Development Party (AKP) government of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, "hundreds of secularist officers and their civilian allies" were jailed starting in 2007, and by 2012 the "old secularist guard" were removed from positions of authority and replaced by members/supporters of the AKP and the Islamic Gülen movement. On 25 April 2016, the Turkish Parliament Speaker İsmail Kahraman told a conference of Islamic scholars and writers in Istanbul that "secularism would not have a place in a new constitution”, as Turkey is “a Muslim country and so we should have a religious constitution". (One of the duties of Parliament Speaker is to pen a new draft constitution for Turkey.)


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: Traditionally the function of the "Diyanet" was to maintain control over and limit the religious sphere of Islam in Turkey. Some (David Lepeska, Svante Cornell) have complained that under Erdoğan that role has "largely been turned on its head", with the "Diyanet" (now greatly increased in size), promoting Islam in Turkey, specifically a certain type of conservative ("Hanafi" Sunni) Islam—issuing "fatawa" forbidding such activities as "feeding dogs at home, celebrating the western New Year, lotteries, and tattoos"; and projecting this "Turkish Islam" abroad.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: In education, the Erdoğan AKP government has pursued the explicit policy agenda of Islamization to "raise a devout generation" against secular resistance, in the process causing many non-religious citizens of Turkey to lose their jobs and schooling.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: Following the July 2016 coup attempt—which President Erdoğan called “a gift from God"—thousands were purged by the Justice and Development Party (AKP) government. The victims were primarily followers of the Gülen movement — which is alleged to have launched the coup—but also secularists who had not already been sacked in earlier purges. One explanation for the replacement of secularist policies in Turkey is that business interests who felt threatened by socialism saw Islamic values as "best suited to neutralize any challenges from the left to capitalist supremacy."


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: Some (such as Turan Kayaoğlu) see interest and support of secularism in Turkey as strengthening, not decreasing. After Erdogan made the statement about his desire to "raise a religious youth," politicians of all parties condemned his statements as abandoning Turkish values. A petition reading "[O]f Muslim, Christian, Jewish, Zoroastrian, Alawite, Shafi’i, religious and nonreligious, atheist and agnostic backgrounds, all joined with a firm belief in secularism, [we] find your recent remarks about raising a religious and conservative youth most alarming and dangerous" was signed by over 2,000 people. The pro-government newspaper "Bugün" ran a story stating "no one has the right to convert this society into a religious one, or the opposite." Surveys of the Turkish people also show a great support for maintaining a secular country. The Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation found that only 9% of Turks supported a religious state in 2006. A more recent 2015 poll by Metropoll found that over 80% of Turkish people supported the continuation of Turkey as a secular state, with even the majority of AKP voters supporting a secular state too.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: The Constitution asserts that Turkey is supposed to be a secular and democratic republic, deriving its sovereignty from the people. The sovereignty rests with the Turkish Nation, who delegates its exercise to an elected unicameral parliament, the Turkish Grand National Assembly. Moreover, Article 4: declares the immovability the founding principles of the Republic defined in the first three Articles:


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: The Constitution bans any proposals for the modification of these articles. Each of these concepts which were distributed in the three articles of the constitution can not be achieved without the other two concepts.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: The constitution requires a central administration which would lose its meaning (effectiveness, coverage, etc.) if the system is not based on "laïcité", social equality, and equality before law. Vice versa, if the Republic differentiate itself based on social, religious differences, administration can not be equal to the population when the administration is central. The system which tried to be established in the constitution sets out to found a unitary nation-state based on the principles of secular democracy.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: The Turkish Constitution recognizes freedom of religion for "individuals" whereas identified "religious communities" are placed under the protection of state, but the constitution explicitly states that they cannot become involved in the political process (by forming a religious party)Unlike many other nations it is illegal to form a Party openly representing a religious group.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: In recent history, two parties have been ordered to close (Welfare Party in 1998, and Virtue Party in 2001) by the Constitutional Court for Islamist activities and attempts to "redefine the secular nature of the republic". The first party to be closed for suspected anti-secularist activities was the Progressive Republican Party on June 3, 1925.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: Issues relating to Turkey's secularism were discussed in the lead up to the 2007 presidential elections, in which the ruling party chose a candidate with Islamic connections, Abdullah Gül, for the first time in its secular republic. While some in Turkey have expressed concern that the nomination could represent a move away from Turkey's secularist traditions, including particularly Turkey's priority on equality between the sexes, others have suggested that the conservative party has effectively promoted modernization while reaching out to more traditional and religious elements in Turkish society. On July 22, 2007 it was reported that the more religiously conservative ruling party won a larger than expected electoral victory in the parliamentary elections.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: Turkey's preservation and maintenance of its secular identity has been a profound issue and source of tension. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has broken with secular tradition, by speaking out in favor of limited Islamism and against the active restrictions, instituted by Atatürk on wearing the Islamic-style head scarves in government offices and schools. The Republic Protests () were a series of peaceful mass rallies that took place in Turkey in the spring of 2007 in support of the Kemalist ideals of state secularism.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: The constitutional rule that prohibits discrimination on religious grounds is taken very seriously. Turkey, as a secular country, prohibits by law the wearing of religious headcover and theo-political symbolic garments for both genders in government buildings and schools; a law upheld by the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights as legitimate on November 10, 2005 in "Leyla Şahin v. Turkey".


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: The strict application of secularism in Turkey has been credited for enabling women to have access to greater opportunities, compared to countries with a greater influence of religion in public affairs, in matters of education, employment, wealth as well as political, social and cultural freedoms.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: Also paradoxical with the Turkish secularism is the fact that identity document cards of Turkish citizens include the specification of the card holder's religion. This declaration was perceived by some as representing a form of the state's surveillance over its citizens' religious choices.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: The mainstream Hanafite school of Sunni Islam is entirely organized by the state, through the "Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı" (Religious Affairs Directorate), which supervises all mosques, educates the imams who work in them, and approves all content for religious services and prayers. It appoints imams, who are classified as civil servants. This micromanagement of Sunni religious practices, at times, seems much more sectarian than secular, as it violates the principle of state neutrality in religious practice. Groups that have expressed dissatisfaction with this situation include a variety of non-governmental Sunni / Hanafi groups (such as the Nurcu movement), whose interpretation of Islam tends to be more activist; and the non-Sunni (Alevi), whose members tend to resent supporting the Sunni establishment with their tax money (whereas the Turkish state does not subsidize Alevi religious activities).


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: Atatürk's ideology of Kemalism abolished the Ottoman caliphate, removed Islam as the state religion, sharia from the legal code, and sought to banish religious interference in government affairs with the "Presidency of Religious Affairs" or Diyanet. However, a number of policies of the Turkish government are not in line with the concept of secularism.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: Religion is mentioned on the Turkish identity documents. The government agency known as the "Presidency of Religious Affairs" or Diyanet draws on tax revenues collected from all Turkish citizens, but finances only Sunni worship. All other religions must ensure a financially self-sustaining running and they face administrative obstacles during operation.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: For example, Câferî (Ja'fari) Muslims (mostly Azeris) and Alevi-Bektashi (mostly Turkmen) participate in the financing of the mosques and the salaries of Sunni imams, while their places of worship, which are not officially recognized by the State, do not receive any funding.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: Theoretically, Turkey, through the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), recognizes the civil, political and cultural rights of non-Muslim minorities. In practice, Turkey only recognizes Greek, Armenian and Jewish religious minorities without granting them all the rights mentioned in the Treaty of Lausanne. Alevi-Bektashi or Câferî Muslims, Catholics and Protestants are not recognized officially.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: In 2013, with over 4.6 billion TL (Turkish Lira), Diyanet or Ministry of Religious Affairs, occupies the 16th position of central government expenditure.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: With a policy of official secularism, the Turkish government has traditionally banned the wearing of headscarves by women who work in the public sector. The ban applies to teachers, lawyers, parliamentarians and others working on state premises. The ban on headscarves in the civil service and educational and political institutions was expanded to cover non-state institutions. Authorities began to enforce the headscarf ban among mothers accompanying their children to school events or public swimming pools, while female lawyers and journalists who refused to comply with the ban were expelled from public buildings such as courtrooms and universities . In 1999, the ban on headscarves in the public sphere hit the headlines when Merve Kavakçı, a newly elected MP for the Virtue Party was prevented from taking her oath in the National Assembly because she wore a headscarf. The constitutional rule that prohibits discrimination on religious grounds is taken very seriously. Turkey, as a secular country, prohibits by law the wearing of religious headcover and theo-political symbolic garments for both genders in government buildings, schools, and universities; a law upheld by the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights as legitimate on November 10, 2005 in "Leyla Şahin v. Turkey".


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: According to Country Reports 2007, women who wore headscarves and their supporters "were disciplined or lost their jobs in the public sector" (US 11 March 2008, Sec. 2.c). Human Rights Watch (HRW) reports that in late 2005, the Administrative Supreme Court ruled that a teacher was not eligible for a promotion in her school because she wore a headscarf outside of work (Jan. 2007). An immigration counsellor at the Embassy of Canada in Ankara stated in 27 April 2005 correspondence with the Research Directorate that public servants are not permitted to wear a headscarf while on duty, but headscarved women may be employed in the private sector. In 12 April 2005 correspondence sent to the Research Directorate, a professor of political science specializing in women's issues in Turkey at Boğaziçi University in Istanbul indicated that women who wear a headscarf "could possibly be denied employment in private or government sectors." Conversely, some municipalities with a more traditional constituency might attempt to hire specifically those women who wear a headscarf (Professor 12 April 2005). The professor did add, however, that headscarved women generally experience difficulty in obtaining positions as teachers, judges, lawyers, or doctors in the public service (ibid.). More recent or corroborating information on the headscarf ban in the public service could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: The London-based Sunday Times reports that while the ban is officially in place only in the public sphere, many private firms similarly avoid hiring women who wear headscarves (6 May 2007). MERO notes that women who wear headscarves may have more difficulty finding a job or obtaining a desirable wage (Apr. 2008), although this could not be corroborated among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: According to the Sunday Times, headscarves are banned inside Turkish hospitals, and doctors may not don a headscarf on the job (6 May 2007). Nevertheless, MERO reports that under Turkey's current administration, seen by secularists to have a hidden religious agenda, doctors who wear headscarves have been employed in some public hospitals.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: On 9 February 2008, Turkey's parliament approved a constitutional amendment that lifted the ban on Islamic headscarves in universities. Prior to this date, the public ban on headscarves officially extended to students on university campuses throughout Turkey. Nevertheless, according to Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2007, "some faculty members permitted students to wear head coverings in class". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty notes that since the 1990s, some rectors have allowed students to wear headscarves.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: On 5 June 2008, Turkey's Constitutional Court annulled the parliament's proposed amendment intended to lift the headscarf ban, ruling that removing the ban would run counter to official secularism. While the highest court's decision to uphold the headscarf ban cannot be appealed (AP 7 June 2008), the government has nevertheless indicated that it is considering adopting measures to weaken the court's authority.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: According to a research by the Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation in 2007, around 62% of women wear the headscarf in Turkey.


title: Secularism in Turkey

text: Turkey's strong secularism has resulted in what have been perceived by some as strictures on the freedom of religion; for example, the headscarf has long been prohibited in public universities, and a constitutional amendment passed in February 2008 that permitted women to wear it on university campuses sparked considerable controversy. In addition, the armed forces have maintained a vigilant watch over Turkey's political secularism, which they affirm to be a keystone among Turkey's founding principles. The military has not left the maintenance of a secular political process to chance, however, and has intervened in politics on a number of occasions.


title: Dipannita Sharma

text: Sharma came into the limelight after making it to the final five of the Miss India 1998 contest. She also won 'Miss Photogenic' title in the same contest. She has walked the ramp for all major designers in the country and for international design houses such as Valentino & Fendi in India. She was the worldwide face of the press campaign for Breguet watches and jewellery for 5 years. She has endorsed and been the face of several skin care brands in India such as Garnier, Nivea and Dettol soap. She has also hosted television shows, been a judge on a fashion based show on MTV - MTV making the cut and acted in the lead role on a show called "Life Nahi Hai Laddoo" before making her film debut with the 2002 Bollywood film "16 December".


title: Dipannita Sharma

text: Dipannita was born in the Oil India Limited colony town of Duliajan in Assam. Her father was a doctor in the O.I.L. Hospital. She studied in the Holy Child School Guwahati till her ninth standard, and pursued the rest of her school academics from St. Mary's school, Naharkatia. She later graduated in History from Indraprastha College for Women, Delhi.


title: Dipannita Sharma

text: Dipannita is married to Delhi entrepreneur Dilsher Singh Atwal, a third generation businessman, and who is into his family business of mining,


title: Dipannita Sharma

text: and lives in Mumbai, India. Her younger sister is a television actress Arunima Sharma who is best known for her role as Rano in the soap opera Kasamh Se.


title: Guyana national football team

text: The Guyana national football team, nicknamed the "Golden Jaguars", represents Guyana in international football and is controlled by the Guyana Football Federation. It is one of three South American nations to be a member of the Caribbean Football Union of CONCACAF alongside Suriname and French Guiana. Until the independence of Guyana in 1966, it competed as British Guiana. They qualified for the Caribbean Nations Cup in 1991, coming fourth, and in 2007. Guyana has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup, but on 23 March 2019 they qualified for the first time for the CONCACAF Gold Cup.


title: Guyana national football team

text: Guyana (as British Guiana) played its first international football match on 21 July 1905, a 4–1 defeat against nearby and fellow British colony Trinidad and Tobago. Their next recorded game came almost 16 years later on 28 January 1921, an away 2–1 win against its neighbour Suriname. The two played again in Suriname on 27 August 1923, and on that occasion the hosts won 2–1. British Guiana did not play another match until 1937, when they lost two matches against Trinidad and Tobago in Suriname: 3–0 and 3–2. After seven years without a match, British Guiana entered a three-team tournament in Trinidad & Tobago against its national side and Barbados. They won twice against Barbados (1–0 and 3–0) before drawing 1–1 and losing 3–0 to Trinidad and Tobago. In the final of this Trinagular tournament they again lost 3–0 to Trinidad and Tobago.


title: Guyana national football team

text: In November 1947 British Guiana played in a Standard Life tournament in Trinidad and Tobago. They beat the hosts 2–1 in their opening game on 5 November before beating Jamaica 2–0 the very next day. On 10 November they drew 0–0 with Jamaica before losing 2–0 to Trinidad and Tobago in the last game on 14 November.


title: Guyana national football team

text: British Guiana played its first home games in 1950 against Trinidad and Tobago: these were British Guiana's first matches since the Standard Life tournament. British Guiana lost 1–0 and 4–1 before winning 1–0. The last match played under the name British Guiana was the next match on 2 March 1959 – a 2–2 draw against Trinidad and Tobago.


title: Guyana national football team

text: After independence in 1966, Guyana did not play a match for five years. Their first fixtures under their new name were qualifiers for the 1971 CONCACAF Championship against Suriname. The first match, away, was lost 4–1 and the home match on 21 September 1971 was lost 3–2 as Suriname advanced 7–3 on aggregate. In 1976 Guyana entered its first ever World Cup qualification campaign with the aim of reaching the 1978 FIFA World Cup in Argentina. Guyana and Suriname were drawn in a two-legged preliminary in the Caribbean section of CONCACAF qualification and Guyana won the first leg 2–0 at home on 4 July 1976. The second leg in Paramaribo was lost 3–0 which allowed Suriname to advance.


title: Guyana national football team

text: Guyana had a remarkable calendar year in 2006, with eleven successive wins, including five CONCACAF Gold Cup qualifiers These results boosted Guyana's spot in the FIFA World Rankings by 87 spots in little over a year. As a consequence, the team rose to the top 12 in CONCACAF and were in the third rank of seeds in the World Cup qualifying draw.


title: Guyana national football team

text: At the 2006–07 Caribbean Nations Cup, Guyana finished top of Group A in Stage One, then top of Group H in Stage Two (which they hosted), and finished 3rd in the Bobby Sookram Group, missing out on a semi-final berth on goal difference alone. Had Guyana reached the semi-finals, they would have qualified for the 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup.


title: Guyana national football team

text: With the return of international coach Jamaal Shabazz, Guyana finished top of a group containing Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados and Bermuda to reach the third round of qualifying for the 2014 World Cup in Brazil. They qualified with one game to go with a 2–1 home win against Trinidad and Tobago on 11 November 2011.


title: Guyana national football team

text: Guyana organised friendly matches against Colombia, Bolivia, Jamaica and Panama for the first team. In the third round group, they finished last, behind Mexico, Costa Rica and El Salvador, with one point from their six matches.


title: Guyana national football team

text: From November 2012 to October 2014 Guyana did not play a single international fixture. This amongst other factors led to FIFA stepping in and removing the GFF executive at the end of 2014.


title: Guyana national football team

text: With FIFA stepping into Guyana once again, a FIFA Normalisation Committee was installed to regularise football in Guyana. With this came the search for a National Team Head Coach with Jamaal Shabazz reinstalled initially for one game versus Barbados in Jan 2015. As Guyana had lost many first team players to retirement since 2012, the squad was a new younger group with major gaps in the goalkeeper and defensive areas.


title: Guyana national football team

text: However a 2-2 draw with Barbados was enough for Shabazz and his staff, consisting of assistant coach Wayne Wiggy Dover, Operations Manager Mark Xavier, Team Manager Faizal Khan, Kit Man Trevor Burnett, GoalKeeper Coach Andrew Hazell, Physical Trainer Anson Ambrose, Medical Officer Denzil Hernandez.


title: Guyana national football team

text: The list below displays match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future scheduled matches"


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: The Tanzania People’s Defence Force (TPDF) () is the military force of the United Republic of Tanzania. It was established in September 1964, following a mutiny by the former colonial military force, the Tanganyika Rifles. From its inception, it was ingrained in the troops of the new TPDF that they were a people's force under civilian control. Unlike some of its neighboring countries, Tanzania has never suffered a coup d'état or civil war.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: The TPDF's mission is to defend Tanzania and every Tanzanian, especially the people and their political ideology. Conscripts are obligated to serve 2 years as of 2004.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: After an aborted mutiny in January 1964, the existing army was disbanded. The new force was titled the 'Tanganyika Military Force', from 25 January 1964 - 26 April 1964. The Tanzanian government concluded that the former British model was not appropriate for the needs of an independent African state. Fresh recruits were sourced from the Tanganyika African National Union youth wing. After the merge of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, the force was renamed the United Republic Military Force from 27 April 1964.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: For the first few years of the TPDF, the army was even smaller than the disbanded 2,000 strong Tanganyika Rifles, the air force was minuscule, and no navy had yet been formed. It appears that the new TPDF had three battalions by August 1965, stationed at Nachingwea, Colito Barracks (five miles outside Dar es Salaam), and Tabora, plus the yet to be fully integrated Zanzibari force of about 1,000. However the army was four battalions strong by 1967.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: From 1964 to 1974, the TPDF was commanded by Mrisho S.H. Sarakikya, trained at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, who was promoted from lieutenant to brigadier in 1964 and became the force's first commander. He was succeeded by Major General Abdallah Twalipo in 1974.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: Twalipo was still a Major General in 1975, but then promoted to Lieutenant General by 1978 (Kaplan, 1978, 249) and then later full General.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: In 1972, the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) listed the army with 10,000 personnel, four infantry battalions, 20 T-59, 14 Chinese T-62 light tanks, some BTR-40 and BTR-152, Soviet field artillery and Chinese mortars. 'Spares [were] short and not all equipment was serviceable.'


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: War broke out between Uganda and Tanzania in October 1978, with several Ugandan attacks across the border culminating in an invasion of the Kagera Salient. President Julius Nyerere ordered Tanzania to undertake full mobilisation for war. In a few weeks, the Tanzanian army was expanded from less than 40,000 troops to over 150,000, including about 40,000 militiamen as well as members of the police, prison services, and the national service. Fighting in December was mostly limited to "trench warfare" along the border, marked by sporadic clashes and air raids. By early January all Ugandan troops had been ejected from Kagera.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: Nyerere decided that Tanzanian forces should occupy southern Uganda as revenge for the devastation wrought by Ugandan troops in his country and in order to incite a rebellion against Ugandan dictator Idi Amin. The Tanzanians launched their offensive in mid-February. Major General David Musuguri was appointed commander of the TPDF's 20th Division and tasked with overseeing the advance into Uganda. They steadily advanced, killing dozens of Ugandan soldiers and destroying large amounts of their materiel. Following the capture of Masaka and Mbarara, the TPDF halted to reorganise. Silas Mayunga was promoted to major general and given charge of a newly formed "Task Force", a unit consisting of the 206th Brigade and the Minziro Brigade, which was to operate semi-autonomously from the 20th Division. While the 20th Division moved out of southeast Uganda and attacked major locations in the country, the Task Force advanced north into western Uganda in the following months, engaging Ugandan troops conducting rearguard defensive actions.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: The 20th Division captured Kampala on April 11 and overthrew Amin's government. The fall of Kampala marked the first time in the post-colonial history of the continent that an African state seized the capital of another African country. The war ended on June 3, after Tanzanian forces occupied Uganda's border region with Sudan and Zaire. Some Western military analysts attributed Tanzania's victory to the collapse of the Uganda Army, arguing that the TPDF would have been defeated by most other African armies. Others felt that the TPDF's success indicated substantial improvements in African military capabilities over the previous years.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: When the TPDF began returning en masse to Tanzania, only a small number of soldiers were demobilised, contrary to public expectations. Military commanders then began making accommodations to render the wartime expansions of the army permanent, creating new units and divisional headquarters. Some in the military hierarchy expressed disapproval in light of Tanzania's bleak financial situation, and the country's depressed economy eventually forced the TPDF to disband many of the extra units. Nevertheless, the TPDF retained a large amount of officers in the standing army, with the assumption that they could be used to command militiamen in the event they needed to be called back into service. The post-war size of the TPDF remained larger than the pre-war size throughout the next decade.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: In 1992, the IISS listed the army with 45,000 personnel (some 20,000 conscripts), 3 division headquarters, 8 infantry brigades, one tank brigade, two field artillery battalions, two Anti-aircraft artillery battalions (6 batteries), two mortar, two anti-tank battalions, one engineer regiment (battalion sized), and one surface-to-air missile battalion with SA-3 and SA-6. Equipment included 30 Chinese Type 59 and 32 T-54/55 main battle tanks.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: The Land force command was separated from the Army and an official commander was appointed to run the operations of the Land Forces. In 2013, the other separated half of the army was officially incorporated as a new branch of the military to oversee strategic planning and administration of all the branches of the military called the Defence Force HQ Command.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: , the army is gradually modernising and restructuring. Much of the inventory is in storage or unreliable.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: Tanzania established its air force as the "Air Wing" (Kiswahili: "Usafirishaji wa Anga") of the TPDF Air Defence Command in 1965. As it was following an international policy of non-alignment, Tanzania procured aircraft and trainers from a variety of countries, most notably China, Canada, and the Soviet Union. By 1978, the Tanzanian Air Wing possessed 14 MiG-21MFs, two MiG-21UMs, 22 Shenyang J-5s (F-5), 12 Shenyang J-6s (F-6), as well as several transport and trainer aircraft. Furthermore, the country's Air Defence had access to SA-3 surface-to-air missiles, SA-7 MANPADS, 14.5mm and 36mm or 37mm anti-aircraft guns, and ground support equipment—including early-warning radars.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: The Air Wing was eventually organised into three "Kikosi cha Jeshi" or KJ Brigades, with each brigade focusing on one particular element of air warfare: aircraft and helicopters (601 KJ), technical support (602 KJ), and air defence (603 KJ). The fighter aircraft unit of 601 KJ, known as "Squadron 601", was based at Mwanza Air Base (MiG-21s) and Ngerengere Air Force Base (F-5s, F-6s). In 1978 the Air Defence Command employed approximately 1,000 personnel.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: The current Commander of the now-Tanzania Air Force Command is Major General William Ingram, who replaced Major General Joseph Kapwani upon the latter's retirement in January 2016. During a visit to Zimbabwe in March 2014, Kapwani commended Zimbabweans for 'remaining resolute and firmly safeguarding the country's sovereignty despite the suffering brought on by illegal Western sanctions.' He made the remarks when he paid a courtesy call on Air Force of Zimbabwe Commander Air Marshal Perrance Shiri at AFZ headquarters in Harare on 12 March 2014. General Kapwani, who was then the chair of the SADC Standing Aviation Committee, said he was in Zimbabwe to share experiences and strengthen relations.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: A few of the Tanzanian air wing's transport remain serviceable. However, its Shenyang F-5s, and Chengdu F-7s are reported to fly only on rare occasions because of airworthiness problems. Tanzania's long coastline means that transports are also used for patrol flights.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: On 14 November 2013, Helmoed-Römer Heitman reported for Jane's Defence Weekly that a 'usually reliable source' had informed Jane's that the TPDF had replaced its 12 old CAC J-7 fighters with 14 new J-7s, twelve single-seat and two dual-seat. Deliveries were completed in 2011. Heitman also reported that the aircraft were fully operational at Dar es Salaam and Mwanza air bases.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: Recent estimates (2014) suggest that Tanzania's air force command operates 32 aircraft in 3 different types. It is believed they are operating 14 fighters, 11 fixed-wing attack aircraft and 7 transport aircraft.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: On October 1, 2015 a K-8 trainer jet of Tanzania Air Force Command crashed into the sea killing both pilots.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: The closing ceremony of the joint Tanzanian-Chinese exercise Beyond/Transcend 2014 was held on November 14, 2014, at Kigamboni Naval Base attended by guests that included China’s ambassador to Tanzania, the Chief of the TPDF, and the heads of the navy and air force. The exercise between the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy and the TPDF began on October 16 in Dar es Salaam, with more than 100 navy officers and seamen participating.


title: Tanzania People's Defence Force

text: Jane's Defence Weekly wrote in August 2017 that '..a People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) flotilla consisting of a destroyer, a frigate, and a supply vessel visited Dar es Salaam on 16–20 August.' Rear Admiral Makanzo said during the visit that Tanzania currently has two marine infantry companies, both of which were trained by the PLAN, with the training of a third company planned to begin with Chinese assistance. The admiral said that Tanzanian marines were deployed at the time in peacekeeping operations in the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and South Sudan.


title: Larry Williams

text: Larry Williams (born Lawrence Eugene Williams, a.k.a. Lawrence Edward Williams; May 10, 1935 – January 7, 1980) was an American rhythm and blues and rock and roll singer, songwriter, producer, and pianist from New Orleans, Louisiana. Williams is best known for writing and recording some rock and roll classics from 1957 to 1959 for Specialty Records, including "Bony Moronie", "Short Fat Fannie", "Slow Down", "Dizzy, Miss Lizzy" (1958), "Bad Boy" and "She Said Yeah" (1959). John Lennon was a fan, and The Beatles and several other British Invasion groups recorded several of his songs.


title: Larry Williams

text: Williams' life mixed tremendous success with violence and drug addiction. He was a longtime friend of Little Richard, with whom his life intertwined personally and professionally from their meeting in 1955 to Williams' death in 1980.


title: Larry Williams

text: Born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on May 10, 1935, Williams moved west with his family early in his childhood. He spent some time with relatives in Chicago, Illinois, before relocating to Oakland, California in 1945.


title: Larry Williams

text: Growing up in New Orleans, Williams learned to play piano as a boy. As a teen he joined a local R&B band in Oakland, Calif., when his parents relocated there. In 1954 he returned to New Orleans and began to work as a chauffeur/valet for singer Lloyd Price, eventually becoming pianist for Price as well as R&B singers Roy Brown and Percy Mayfield, who were all recording for Specialty Records. After establishing himself as a sideman, in 1957 Williams signed his own deal with Specialty, whose owners were hoping to help fill the gap that had just been left when their biggest star, Little Richard, left Rock and Roll for a (temporary) life in the ministry.


title: Larry Williams

text: Williams returned to New Orleans in 1954 and began working for his cousin, singer Lloyd Price, as a valet. He played in the bands of Price, Roy Brown, and Percy Mayfield. In 1955, Williams met and developed a friendship with Little Richard, who was recording at the time in New Orleans. Price and Little Richard were both recording for Specialty Records. He was introduced to Robert Blackwell, Specialty's house producer, and was signed to the label.


title: Larry Williams

text: In 1957, Little Richard was Specialty's biggest star, but he left rock and roll to pursue the ministry. Williams quickly was groomed by Blackwell to try to replicate his success. Using the same raw, shouting vocals and piano-driven intensity, Williams scored with a number of hit singles.


title: Larry Williams

text: Williams' three biggest successes were "Short Fat Fannie", which was his bestseller, reaching No. 5 in "Billboard"'s pop chart, "Bony Moronie", which peaked at No. 14, and its flip "You Bug Me Baby" which made it to No. 45. "Short Fat Fannie" and "Bony Moronie" each sold over one million copies.


title: Larry Williams

text: After 1957, Williams did not have much success selling records. He recorded a number of songs in 1958 and 1959, including "Dizzy, Miss Lizzy," which charted at No. 69 on "Billboard"'s Pop chart in 1958. "Heebie Jeebies" was recorded with band members such as Plas Johnson on tenor saxophone and Jewel Grant on baritone, René Hall and Howard Roberts on guitars, Gerald Wilson on trumpet, Ernie Freeman or Williams himself on piano, and Earl Palmer on drums. After he was arrested for possession of narcotics and guns in 1959, he was dropped from Specialty. He recorded for Chess Records but no hits were produced. Williams then served a three-year jail term, setting back his career considerably.


title: Larry Williams

text: Williams made a comeback in the mid-1960s with a funky soul band that included Johnny "Guitar" Watson, which paired him musically with Little Richard who had been lured back into secular music. He produced two of Little Richard's albums for Okeh Records in 1966 and 1967, which returned Little Richard to the "Billboard" album chart for the first time in 10 years and spawned the hit single "Poor Dog". He also acted as the music director for Little Richard's live performances at the Okeh Club. Bookings for Little Richard during this period skyrocketed. Williams also recorded and released material of his own and with Watson, with some moderate chart success. "Too Late", the B-side of 1967 single "Two For The Price Of One" became one of the biggest songs on the Northern Soul scene in England, and remains prized due to its rarity as the single failed commercially.


title: Larry Williams

text: Williams also began acting in the 1960s, appearing on film in "Just for the Hell of It" (1968), "The Klansman" (1974), and "Drum" (1976).


title: Larry Williams

text: Williams' lifestyle involved recreational drug use and abuse which resulted in trouble with the law. By the middle of the 1970s, the drug abuse and violence were taking their toll. In 1977, Williams threatened Little Richard over a drug debt with a gun. However, he ended up showing compassion for his longtime friend. This, with other factors, led to Little Richard's return to born again Christianity and the ministry.


title: Larry Williams

text: On January 7, 1980, Williams was found dead by his mother at his home in Los Angeles, California from a gunshot wound to the head. He was 44 years old. His death was deemed suicide, though there was speculation that he was murdered because of his involvement in drugs and allegedly prostitution. No suspects were arrested or charged. Williams was interred at Inglewood Park Cemetery, Inglewood, California.


title: Larry Williams

text: An Illinois drummer and blues singer named Martin Albritton claimed to be Larry Williams, alive and well. This claim originated at about the time Larry Williams was found dead. He recorded and performed as a drummer for Bobby "Blue" Bland in the 1960s. Albritton toured the country performing under the moniker of "Big" Larry Williams, and claimed that he recorded the hits "Bony Moronie" and "Dizzy Miss Lizzy." He recorded an album in 1990 called "Street Party" with the Mellow Fellows, previously headed by Big Twist "(né" Lawrence Millard Nolan; 1937–1990). While touring with the Mellow Fellows in Chicago, Allbritton was confronted by singer Etta James, who knew the real Williams.


title: Larry Williams

text: Williams' family asked Allbritton to cease billing himself as "Larry Williams". Allbritton died on August 24, 2017.


title: Larry Williams

text: Several of Williams' songs achieved success as revivals, by The Beatles ("Bad Boy", "Slow Down", and "Dizzy, Miss Lizzy"), The Rolling Stones ("She Said Yeah") and John Lennon ("Bony Moronie" and "Dizzy, Miss Lizzy").


title: Breast physics

text: In video games, breast physics or jiggle physics are a feature that makes a female character's breasts bounce when she moves, sometimes in an exaggerated or unnatural manner.


title: Breast physics

text: The first video game in which breast physics were a notable feature was the fighting game "Fatal Fury 2" (1992), which featured the fighter Mai Shiranui, who had noticeably jiggly breasts. Pronounced breast physics have since remained a staple feature of many fighting games, perhaps in part because these games contain fewer character models than other games and can therefore afford to animate their characters in more detail. The "Dead or Alive" series (1996–), in particular, has become identified with the "outlandish" physics of both its fighting moves and its female characters' breasts; its developer Team Ninja created the term "breast physics".


title: Breast physics

text: On occasion, this aspect of fighting games has caused particular attention, such as when the 2015 game "Street Fighter V" had the fighter Chun-Li's breasts move like large water balloons when she was chosen as the second player's character in the selection screen. Although this behavior was noticed by media even before the game's release, it remained present in the released version of the game. The game's publisher Capcom attributed it to a bug and later removed it by a patch.


title: Breast physics

text: In reaction to the prevalence of big, bouncy breasts in video games, games writer Jenn Frank initiated a "boob jam" in 2013. The purpose of the initiative was to create games that deal "with an aspect of female breasts other than the fact that they're sexy and fun to look at".


title: Breast physics

text: Breast physics is an application of soft-body dynamics, the field of computer graphics that focuses on physical simulations of the motion and properties of deformable objects. In a game with 3D graphics, character models are composed of a skeleton of "bones" connected with joints and covered by a "skin" of textured polygons. These virtual bones do not necessarily correspond to the bones in real humans, but are required to make anything move. To make breasts or other body parts move, video game animators make the bones' joints move according to the physical rules of the game's engine.


title: Breast physics

text: To effect breast movement in most 3D games, the breast's bones are equipped with "springs" that make the breasts bounce when the rest of the skeleton moves. The setup and strength of these springs determines the strength of the breast bounce. Alternatively, the motion of the breasts may be governed by custom-written software, but this is more time-consuming and therefore rarer than using springs, which are a built-in feature in many game engines.


title: Breast physics

text: Many video games feature breast movements that appear unnatural or exaggerated, particularly to female observers. This may result from limitations of the "springs" system, which is better suited to animating rigid bodies rather than soft objects like breasts. In some games, however, exaggerated breast physics are intentional. This may be caused by increasing the bounce effect in order to make it noticeable even when a character is standing still and talking, which may result in wildly exaggerated bounces when she actually moves.


title: Breast physics

text: Ultimately, however, according to game developer Tim Dawson, if a video game features unnatural breast movements, "it's because somebody wanted them to look that way". Not only women's breasts but also male bodies are often intentionally exaggerated or unrealistically portrayed in video games.


title: Ben Lovett (British musician)

text: Benjamin Walter David Lovett (born 30 September 1986) is a British musician and producer, best known for being a member of the Grammy Award-winning British folk rock band Mumford & Sons.


title: Ben Lovett (British musician)

text: Lovett is one of the founding members of the band Mumford & Sons. He attended Hallfield School in Birmingham before moving to London. Later, he attended King's College School in Wimbledon which he attended with Marcus Mumford. He met fellow band members, Ted Dwane and Winston Marshall, in London. He primarily plays keyboard and piano within the group, but also sings backing vocals and plays accordion, drums, guitar and percussion on the group's songs.


title: Ben Lovett (British musician)

text: The band has four full-length studio albums, "Sigh No More" (2009), which earned them a number of Grammy Awards nominations in 2010 and 2011 and won the Brit Award for Best British Album in 2011, and "Babel" (2012) which won the band the Grammy Award for Album of the Year, their third album, Wilder Mind, released in May 2015, and "Delta", released in November 2018. In 2013 the group won the Brit Award for Best British Group.


title: Ben Lovett (British musician)

text: In the early days of Mumford & Sons, Lovett produced albums for folk bands around London, including Peggy Sue.


title: Ben Lovett (British musician)

text: Lovett produced on Ellie Goulding's critically acclaimed 2010 album "Lights", including Goulding's cover of the Elton John track "Your Song" which peaked at no. 2 on the singles chart. As well as being credited as a producer on the album, Lovett is also credited with playing kick drum, piano and singing backing vocals on the release, which debuted at no. 1 on the UK album charts. Lovett has previously joined Goulding on stage to play piano on "Your Song" and the pair have recorded duets of "Service Bell" by Feist and Grizzly Bear and "Two Dancers" by Wild Beasts, which Lovett aired whilst presenting on Triple J radio.


title: Ben Lovett (British musician)

text: Lovett also assisted the production of the self-titled debut solo album of former Felice Brothers member Simon Felice throughout 2011. Lovett was credited as a producer on the release and also featured as a guest on the lead single from the album, "You & I Belong".


title: Ben Lovett (British musician)

text: Lovett is the co-founder of record label and live music promotion team, Communion. The aim of the label is to create a "platform for an unsigned music scene in the main cities". The label has showcased and released the music of a number of notable artists, including Gotye, Michael Kiwanuka, Foy Vance and Ben Howard.


title: Ben Lovett (British musician)

text: Lovett publicly announced his engagement to his long time girlfriend, fashion designer Jemima Janney, on 20 July 2014. They married in 2015 and divorced in late 2016. During Mumford and Sons' promo for their 4th album, "Delta", he described the album as “the four Ds: death, divorce, drugs and depression".


title: Ben Lovett (British musician)

text: He's in a romantic relationship with the co-founder and CEO of American brand La Ligne Molly Howard, referring to her as his girlfriend in a post on Facebook. On 5 June 2021, Howard announced on Instagram that she had given birth to the couple’s first child, a daughter named Isadora Blue Lovett.


title: Andray Blatche

text: Andray Maurice Blatche (born August 22, 1986) is an American-Filipino former professional basketball player. He played nine seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) between 2005 and 2014 before finishing his career with five seasons in the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA). He played high school basketball at Henninger High School and South Kent School before he was drafted in the second round of the 2005 NBA draft by the Washington Wizards.


title: Andray Blatche

text: Born in New York and an American by birth, Blatche became a naturalized citizen of the Philippines in June 2014, enabling him to join the country's national basketball team.


title: Andray Blatche

text: Blatche spent four years at Henninger High School in Syracuse, New York and then an extra year at the South Kent School in South Kent, Connecticut. He averaged 27.5 points, 16.0 rebounds and 6.0 blocks per game during his fifth-year campaign in 2004–05 as he guided South Kent to a 32–9 record.


title: Andray Blatche

text: Considered a five-star recruit by Rivals.com, Blatche was listed as the No. 2 power forward and the No. 4 player in the nation in 2005.


title: Andray Blatche

text: He declared for the 2005 NBA draft out of high school, and while originally thought of as a first-round prospect, he slipped to the second round and was taken by the Washington Wizards with the 49th overall pick.


title: Andray Blatche

text: Blatche was shot in a carjacking on September 25, 2005, and as a result missed training camp. He recovered successfully and played his first game with Washington versus Seattle on November 11, 2005, scoring five points in a 137–96 Wizards victory. On December 14, 2005, he was assigned to the Roanoke Dazzle of the NBA Development League. On January 2, 2006, he was recalled by the Wizards. He finished the 2005–06 season only playing in 29 games for the Wizards, averaging 2.3 points and 1.3 rebounds.


title: Andray Blatche

text: With the injuries to Wizards' centers Etan Thomas and Michael Ruffin, Blatche was occasionally pressed into service as a backup center in the 2006–07 season. On August 17, 2007, Blatche re-signed with the Wizards to a multi-year deal. During the 2007–08 season, Blatche continued showing improvement, and with center Etan Thomas out with a season-ending heart condition, his minutes increased. At the end of the season, Blatche played in every game for the Wizards, starting 15, averaging 8.2 points, 5.2 rebounds and 1.4 blocks.


title: Andray Blatche

text: On January 9, 2010, Blatche was fined $10,000 by the Wizards for participating in Gilbert Arenas' mimicking gunplay before a game on January 5, 2010 against the Philadelphia 76ers. Arenas was being investigated for a prior incident involving guns in the Wizards' locker room, but made light of the accusations by pointing his finger at his teammates, as if he were shooting them. His teammates were photographed smiling and laughing with him.


title: Andray Blatche

text: On February 28, 2010, he scored a career high 36 points on 17–31 shooting during the Wizards' 89–85 victory against the New Jersey Nets. Blatche continued to be the starter on the team, and his stats significantly improved. Blatche just missed a triple-double as he had 20 points, a career-high 13 assists, nine rebounds and two steals in the Wizards' 109–99 victory over the New Jersey Nets on April 4. In September 2010, he signed a veteran extension with the Wizards. The 2010–11 NBA season was a career year for Blatche, with 63 starts in 64 games played, and career highs in points (16.8), rebounds (8.2), assists (2.3) and steals (1.5).


title: Andray Blatche

text: On March 20, 2012, the Wizards announced that they were benching Blatche indefinitely due to lack of conditioning, and on July 16, he was waived via the amnesty clause. Blatche would later be vocal about his treatment by the Wizards organization, stating, "When things weren't starting well, they used me as an excuse." He also claimed that the management deliberately tried to ruin his career: "For them to say, ‘Oh, he's a bad teammate. He's a cancer in the locker room.’ He's this and that. All that was a bunch of lies! A bunch of lies. That's what really made me mad. That showed me, they tried to end me." Coach Randy Wittman responded to the allegations by saying, "I’m not going to get into that. We did everything we could to help him, as we will with every player that ever comes here."


title: Andray Blatche

text: On September 12, 2012, Blatche signed with the Brooklyn Nets. After Blatche signed with the Nets, he decided to wear number 0. "Zero reminds of me how everybody gave up on me", he said. When Brook Lopez injured his foot, Blatche was given the chance to start in his absence. Without Lopez, the Nets struggled with a 2–5 record. Despite the Nets' struggles without Lopez, Blatche played well, averaging 18.1 points and 8.8 rebounds. On January 4, 2013, Blatche made his return to the Verizon Center and was playing the Washington Wizards. When Blatche entered that game in the first quarter, he was booed heartily by the fans in attendance. In 19 minutes of game action, Blatche had 13 points and 12 rebounds.


title: Andray Blatche

text: Blatche played in all 82 regular season games in 2012–13, averaging 10.3 points and 5.1 rebounds and set a career high in field goal percentage (51.2%). Blatche also played in seven playoff games for the Nets and averaged 10.3 points and 4.9 rebounds.


title: Andray Blatche

text: On July 11, 2013, Blatche re-signed with the Nets. In December 2013, starting center Brook Lopez went down with a season-ending foot injury, increasing Blatche's minutes. In the first game without Lopez, Blatche had 11 points and seven rebounds in 25 minutes of action in a loss to the Indiana Pacers.


title: Andray Blatche

text: On June 20, 2014, Blatche opted out of his contract with the Nets, thus becoming an unrestricted free agent.


title: Andray Blatche

text: On September 20, 2014, Blatche signed a one-year, $2.5 million contract with the Xinjiang Flying Tigers of the Chinese Basketball Association. Following the conclusion of the 2014–15 CBA regular season, Blatche terminated his contract with Xinjiang on February 1, 2015. In 38 games, he averaged 31.1 points, 14.6 rebounds, 5.1 assists and 2.8 steals per game.


title: Andray Blatche

text: In November 2016, Blatche sustained an injury and was subsequently replaced on the roster temporarily by Ben Bentil. He returned to action in late December and went on to lead Xinjiang to the CBA Finals, where they swept the series against the Guangdong Southern Tigers 4–0 to claim the championship.


title: Andray Blatche

text: On January 4, 2018, it was announced that Augusto Lima was taking Blatche's spot on the roster. Blatche was criticized for his poor performance and negative attitude during the early stages of the 2017–18 season. He averaged 12.8 points and 6.4 rebounds in the five games he played, and had a negative impact on the team's defensive efforts. He returned to the team in March 2018 for their playoff series against Guangdong.


title: Andray Blatche

text: In December 2018, Blatche signed with the Tianjin Gold Lions of the Chinese Basketball Association. In 19 games, he averaged 20.7 points, 11.0 rebounds, 4.1 assists, 1.7 steals and 1.8 blocks per game.


title: Andray Blatche

text: In January 2014, Blatche was asked by the Gilas Pilipinas to take part as a naturalized player for the 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup in Spain and the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon, South Korea. On May 26, 2014, a bill granting Blatche's Filipino citizenship was approved by the Philippine Senate. On June 11, 2014, Blatche officially became a Filipino citizen upon the signing of Republic Act 10636 by Philippine President Benigno Aquino III.


title: Andray Blatche

text: In August 2014, Blatche was named in the 2014 Philippine FIBA Basketball World Cup and Asian Games squad. He was later disqualified to play in the 2014 Asian Games due to eligibility issues cited by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), as he lacked the required three-year residency in the Philippines. In five games at the World Cup, he averaged 21.2 points, 13.8 rebounds and 1.6 steals per game. With an 18-point, 14-rebound performance, Blatche helped the Philippines to their first World Cup win in 40 years, defeating Senegal 81–79 in overtime.


title: Andray Blatche

text: In 2015, Blatche played for the Philippines at the 2015 FIBA Asia Championship under new head coach Tab Baldwin. In nine games, he averaged 17.8 points, 9.2 rebounds and 1.2 assists per game. The following year, the team competed in the FIBA Olympic Qualifying Tournament, where in two games, he scored a total of 51 points.


title: Andray Blatche

text: Blatche was expected to suit up for the 2017 FIBA Asia Cup but pulled out due to security concerns over the militant situation in the host country Lebanon. He was replaced by Christian Standhardinger as the Philippine team's naturalized citizen.


title: Andray Blatche

text: On July 2, 2018, Blatche was involved in a brawl during the Philippines' 2019 FIBA World Cup qualifier against Australia.


title: Andray Blatche

text: On the Sunday morning of September 25, 2005, three months after the Wizards selected him with the 49th overall pick in the NBA draft, Blatche was shot in an attempted carjacking that took place near his home in Alexandria, Virginia. Police said Blatche was ordered out of the car by men who emerged from a van and was shot before he could fully exit. Blatche's mother, Angela Oliver, said he was shot once in the chest, but that the bullet did not hit any vital organs. He was released from hospital two days later. As a result of his injuries, he missed the Wizards' training camp, although he could walk on his own three days after the shooting and one day after being released from the hospital.


title: Andray Blatche

text: On August 2, 2007, Blatche was charged with sexual solicitation in the Logan Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. after allegedly soliciting sex from an undercover police officer. The solicitation charge was dropped after Blatche followed court orders and attended a day-long seminar for men who solicit prostitutes.


title: Andray Blatche

text: Blatche was arrested on June 4, 2008, in Virginia on charges of reckless driving and driving on a suspended license for the third time. Blatche was going 86 mph in a 70 mph zone in a Mercedes on Interstate 85. He was released on bond.


title: Andray Blatche

text: In June 2011, Blatche established the "Andray Blatche Foundation" and went on a charity mission to Jamaica where he donated sneakers, basketballs and gave a $50,000 check to Jamaican schools.


title: Relative pronoun

text: A relative pronoun is a pronoun that marks a relative clause. It serves the purpose of conjoining modifying information about an antecedent referent.


title: Relative pronoun

text: An example is the word "which" in the sentence "This is the house which Jack built." Here the relative pronoun "which" conjoins the relative clause "Jack built," which modifies the noun "house" in the main sentence. "Which" has an anaphoric relationship to its antecedent "house" in the main clause.


title: Relative pronoun

text: In the English language, the following are the most common relative pronouns: "which", "that", "whose", "whoever", "whomever", "who" and "whom".


title: Relative pronoun

text: According to some dependency grammar theories, a relative pronoun does not simply mark the subordinate (relative) clause but also may be considered to play the role of a noun within that clause. For example, in the relative clause "that Jack built," "that" is deemed a pronoun functioning as the object of the verb "built." Compare this with "Jack built the house after he married," where the conjunction "after" marks the subordinate clause "after he married", but does not play the role of any noun within that clause.


title: Relative pronoun

text: In a relative clause, a relative pronoun takes the number (singular or plural) and the person (first, second or third) of its antecedent.


title: Relative pronoun

text: For more information on the formation and uses of relative clauses—with and without relative pronouns—see Relative clause. For detailed information about relative clauses and relative pronouns in English, see English relative clause.


title: Relative pronoun

text: The element in the main clause that the relative pronoun in the relative clause stands for ("house" in the above example) is the "antecedent" of that pronoun. In most cases the antecedent is a nominal (noun or noun phrase), though the pronoun can also refer to a whole proposition, as in "The train was late, which annoyed me greatly", where the antecedent of the relative pronoun "which" is the clause "The train was late" (the thing that annoyed me was the fact of the train's being late).


title: Relative pronoun

text: In a free relative clause, a relative pronoun has no antecedent: the relative clause itself plays the role of the co-referring element in the main clause. For example, in "I like what you did", "what" is a relative pronoun, but without an antecedent. The clause "what you did" itself plays the role of a nominal (the object of "like") in the main clause. A relative pronoun used this way is sometimes called a fused relative pronoun, since the antecedent appears fused into the pronoun ("what" in this example can be regarded as a fusion of "that which").


title: Relative pronoun

text: Only about 7% of the languages around the world have relative pronouns. For example, Mandarin Chinese does not have relative pronouns at all and forms relative clauses (or their equivalents) by different methods.


title: Relative pronoun

text: Even within languages that have relative pronouns, not all relative clauses contain relative pronouns. For example, in the English sentence "The man you saw yesterday was my uncle", the relative clause "you saw yesterday" contains no relative pronoun. It can be said to have a gap, or zero, in the position of the object of the verb "saw".


title: Relative pronoun

text: In some languages with gender, number, and noun declensions—such as German, Serbo-Croatian, Hindi, and Latin—the relative pronoun agrees with its antecedent in gender and number, while its case indicates its relationship with the verb in the relative or main clause. In some other languages, the relative pronoun is an invariable word.


title: Relative pronoun

text: Words used as relative pronouns often originally had other functions. For example, the English "which" is also an interrogative word. This suggests that relative pronouns might be a fairly late development in many languages. Some languages, such as Welsh, have no relative pronouns. In some languages such as Hindi, the relative pronouns are distinct from the interrogative pronouns.


title: Relative pronoun

text: In English, different pronouns are sometimes used if the antecedent is a human being, as opposed to a non-human or an inanimate object (as in "who" vs. "that").


title: Relative pronoun

text: In sentences (3) and (4), the words "that" and "who" are the relative pronouns. The word "that" is used because the bank is a thing; the word "who" is used because the teller is a person. Alternatively, "which" is often used in "defining" (or "restrictive") relative clauses in either case. For details see English relative clauses.


title: Milk Bar (bakery)

text: Milk Bar (originally Momofuku Milk Bar) is a chain of dessert and bakery restaurants in the United States, founded by chef Christina Tosi. The chain has branches in New York City, Los Angeles, Washington D.C., Boston, Las Vegas, and Toronto.


title: Milk Bar (bakery)

text: Tosi owns the chain along with investors. She is the primary recipe developer of Milk Bar's products.


title: Milk Bar (bakery)

text: Christina Tosi was working as pastry chef for David Chang's Momofuku restaurants in 2008 when Momofuku's Ssäm Bar decided to expand into a neighboring vacant laundromat; Tosi proposed the idea to add a bakery. Chang provided seed money, and the first Momofuku Milk Bar opened in November 2008. Tosi created the logo herself in Brush Script Medium.


title: Milk Bar (bakery)

text: By 2012, Milk Bar had discontinued the use of "Momofuku" in its name and was operating several locations in New York City in addition to the original bakery in Manhattan's East Village. Since then, it has opened locations in Toronto, Washington, D.C., the Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas, Los Angeles, and Boston.


title: Milk Bar (bakery)

text: As of February 2019, Milk Bar employed 381 people at its various locations. The management team is almost all women.


title: Milk Bar (bakery)

text: In 2019, Milk Bar changed the name of its signature "crack pie" to Milk Bar Pie, following criticism in the "Boston Globe" and other press concerning its allusion to the addictiveness of crack cocaine.


title: Milk Bar (bakery)

text: In the spring of 2020, Milk Bar began to sell cookies through online and national retail food stores.


title: Milk Bar (bakery)

text: Milk Bar operates separately from Momofuku, although Chang remains a business partner. In 2017, the bakery received a $10 million dollar investment from venture capital fund RSE Ventures


title: Milk Bar (bakery)

text: Several cookbooks featuring recipes from the restaurant have been released, including "Momofuku Milk Bar" (2011), "Milk Bar Life: Recipes & Stories" (2015), "Milk Bar: All About Cake" (2018), "Milk Bar: Kids Only" (2020), and "Every Cake Has a Story" (2021).


title: 2022–23 S.S.C. Napoli season

text: The 2022–23 season is the 77th season in the history of S.S.C. Napoli and their 15th consecutive season in the top flight. The club are participating in the Serie A, the Coppa Italia, and the UEFA Champions League.


title: 2022–23 S.S.C. Napoli season

text: ! colspan=14 style="background:#5DAFE3; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center"| Players transferred out during the season


title: Tournedos Rossini

text: Tournedos Rossini is a French steak dish, named after 19th-century composer Gioachino Rossini. Its invention is attributed to either French master chef Marie-Antoine Carême, Adolphe Dugléré, or Savoy Hotel chef Auguste Escoffier.


title: Tournedos Rossini

text: The dish comprises a beef tournedos (filet mignon), pan-fried in butter, served on a crouton, and topped with a hot slice of fresh whole foie gras briefly pan-fried at the last minute. The dish is garnished with slices of black truffle and finished with a Madeira demi-glace sauce.


title: Patrick Moraz

text: Patrick Philippe Moraz (born 24 June 1948) is a Swiss musician, film composer and songwriter, best known for his tenures as keyboardist in the rock bands Yes and The Moody Blues.


title: Patrick Moraz

text: Born into a musical family, Moraz learned music at a young age and studied at the Lausanne Conservatory. He began a music career in the 1960s as a jazz musician, performing with his quartet and quintet, groups that performed across Europe and won several awards. He formed the short-lived progressive rock group Mainhorse in 1969, and began work scoring films. In 1974, he formed another band, Refugee, and recorded one album before he joined Yes later the same year. Moraz was a member of Yes until 1976, and during this time he also started a solo career, beginning with the 1976 album "The Story of I".


title: Patrick Moraz

text: Moraz was a member of The Moody Blues from 1978 to 1991. Since then, he has worked on various solo projects.


title: Patrick Moraz

text: Moraz was born on 24 June 1948 on an aeroplane, though Morges, Switzerland has been cited as his hometown. He was born in to a musical family; his father used to work for Polish pianist and composer Ignacy Jan Paderewski. He has a sister, Patricia. As a child, Moraz played the violin, piano, and percussion and wrote compositions for the piano at the age of five. He studied jazz and classical music until his development came to an abrupt halt at thirteen after he broke four fingers in a roller skating accident. He recalled, "I was told I could never play classical music again". Following a course of therapy and a considerable amount of practice with his left hand playing, Moraz was able to regain his technique, becoming ambidextrous in the process. Initially, Moraz wished to be an anthropologist and learned to speak Greek and Latin. Instead he chose to pursue music and studied in Lausanne at the Lausanne Conservatory, where he studied with Clara Haskil and, while in Paris, Nadia Boulanger. At sixteen, Moraz became the youngest person to receive the Best Soloist award at the Zurich jazz festival. Moraz went on to win awards at the festival, as a solo artist or in his jazz groups, for five consecutive years. In 1964, Moraz spent his summer in Cadaqués, Spain as a scuba diving instructor and spent time with Salvador Dalí at his property in Portlligat where he organised and performed at several gatherings for his guests.


title: Patrick Moraz

text: At seventeen, Moraz's playing as a jazz soloist at a music festival earned him a prize of a collection of albums and some lessons with French jazz soloist Stéphane Grappelli who taught him "all I needed to know about jazz and rock". Moraz also spent time performing in several countries in Africa. In November 1964, Moraz left Switzerland for England, a place he always wanted to visit and perform. Not knowing the English language, he arrived in Bournemouth where he stayed for six months. Prior to his travels, Moraz's father offered him work as a chef in Switzerland in one of his kitchens that he managed, with the hope of using the skill to work in England. Moraz cooked at a school for a £2.88 salary (equivalent to £ in 2022)., calling it "one of the hardest jobs I ever had". He played the piano in a local pub and tea room for more money. However, he was kicked out of the Musicians' Union because he took up employment as a bar pianist with an incorrect type of work visa. The director of the union then spotted him playing in a restaurant, causing Moraz to leave the country and cancel proposals to jam with a Bournemouth group, the Night People. He also worked by selling encyclopaedias in Geneva. In 1965, Moraz's quartet won an award at the Zurich jazz festival, and was soon invited to be the opening act for a European tour headlined by American saxophonist John Coltrane.


title: Patrick Moraz

text: Moraz was able to return to England in 1969 when he auditioned potential players for a new progressive rock band, Mainhorse. He wished for a drummer who could play like John Bonham, Buddy Rich, odd time signatures and the blues, and tried out "like 250 drummers" in the process. He settled with a line-up of Jean Ristori on vocals and bass, Bryson Graham on drums, and Peter Lockett on vocals and guitar. They signed with Polydor Records and recorded their only studio album, "Mainhorse" (1971), at De Lane Lea Studios, later purchased by Ian Gillan of Deep Purple in Kingsway, London. The album was not a commercial success, but the group secured work by performing at gigs in Germany. Moraz took up further work as a film composer on "The Salamander" (1971).


title: Patrick Moraz

text: After touring Japan and Hong Kong as a musical director for a Brazilian ballet, Moraz returned to Switzerland in 1973. He recorded further film music for "The Invitation" (1973) and "The Middle of the World" (1974). In the summer, Moraz received a call from Keith "Lee" Jackson, bassist and singer of the Nice, asking him if he was interested in forming a new band as their keyboardist, Keith Emerson, had split. Moraz had jammed with the band in 1969 when they played in Switzerland. Moraz accepted, and returned to England to form Refugee which included former Nice member Brian Davison on drums. They signed with Charisma Records and released "Refugee" (1974), written and arranged by Moraz and Jackson. The group developed a tight sound by practising for at least eight hours each day. Refugee supported the album with a tour.


title: Patrick Moraz

text: Upon his arrival from Geneva working on a film score for Gerard Depardieu, Moraz was asked to join Yes, following the departure of Rick Wakeman in May 1974. The band had begun work on "Relayer" (1974), their seventh album, in Virginia Water, Surrey, and sought potential replacements. Moraz had seen the band perform during their tour of Switzerland in 1969. After a try-out with Greek musician Vangelis, which proved unsuccessful following musical union issues and his unwillingness to travel, music reporter Chris Welch suggested to the band's manager, Brian Lane, that they ask Moraz. Though he regretted splitting with his Refugee bandmates, Moraz accepted the position as it was an opportunity that he thought would benefit his career, though he once said, "I felt it was time to leave". Moraz's audition occurred in the first week of August 1974 with Vangelis's keyboards, which were still set up in the rehearsal room. After tuning up, Moraz watched the band play the middle section of "Sound Chaser", which he said was "Absolutely unbelievable. To experience that – the truest surround experience I had ever encountered as an observer and listener". He was then asked to come up with an opening to it, and what he played ended up on the album.


title: Patrick Moraz

text: After his successful audition, Moraz learned their repertoire across seven albums for the "Relayer" tour, which began in November 1974. When the tour ended in August 1975, Yes took an extended break so each member could produce a solo album. Moraz released his first album as a solo artist, "The Story of I" (1976). Since working with the Brazilian ballet, he became interested in percussion and travelled to Colombia, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina for inspiration, and arrived in Brazil where he gathered "a very, very strong unit of 16 percussionists" to play on his album. Moraz invited synthesizer inventor Bob Moog to contribute sounds on the album; Moog accepted the task, and worked with him for several weeks. During this time Moraz also played on Steve Howe's album "Beginnings" (1975) and Chris Squire's album "Fish Out of Water" (1975). Moraz travelled to Brazil and incorporated Brazilian rhythms and musicians on "The Story of I", giving it a world music flavour. Afterward he returned to Yes for their 1976 North American tour, where the band headlined several large concerts.


title: Patrick Moraz

text: After the 1976 tour, Yes retreated to Montreux, Switzerland, to record their next album, "Going for the One" (1977). Some of the material had already been worked out by the time of their arrival; this included contributions to "Going for the One", "Wonderous Stories" and "Parallels" from Moraz. However, during the early sessions, Moraz was told to leave in order to allow Wakeman to return to the band. Moraz spoke about his departure: "Even though, at the time, the split 'was not made to appear acrimonious', I suffered extremely and extensively. To be 'asked to leave' so suddenly put me in a lot of turmoil and disturbance ... I was never compensated for anything. I never ever got paid for any of my tour participation in the ... tour of 1976 ... I was entitled to a 20% cut from what the band was getting."


title: Patrick Moraz

text: Moraz continued with his solo career and released his second album, "Out in the Sun" (1977), which he wanted to sound "completely different and more liberated". He then moved to Brazil for a year and a half, and prepared material for his third album, "Patrick Moraz" (1978). During his time there, Moraz joined a Brazilian rock band, , with Lobão and Lulu Santos and . He also recorded the keyboards in one of the most iconic songs of Brazilian music, called "Avohai", by Zé Ramalho.


title: Patrick Moraz

text: In May 1978, Moraz visited a convention held by the Audio Engineering Society in Los Angeles, where "Herbie Hancock taught me how to use the vocoder" and agreed to represent Aphex Systems in Brazil. On his way back to Brazil, Moraz stopped in Miami as he had some free time. At the hotel, he received a call asking him to join the Moody Blues after Mike Pinder left the band. Moraz proceeded to sing "Nights in White Satin" and "Tuesday Afternoon" on the phone, and accepted an audition in London in July 1978. Before his arrival, Moraz performed at the Montreux Jazz Festival with Brazilian musicians Airto Moreira and Gilberto Gil. The audition with the Moody Blues was successful, and Moraz "Got the gig that very afternoon".


title: Patrick Moraz

text: Moraz toured with the Moody Blues in support of their ninth album, "Octave" (1978), which began in late 1978. Their next album, "Long Distance Voyager" (1981), became the band's biggest hit, reaching No. 1 in the US. This was followed by "The Present" (1983), "The Other Side of Life" (1986), and "Sur la Mer" (1988).


title: Patrick Moraz

text: During his tenure with the Moody Blues, Moraz completed several solo projects. He toured with his group from Brazil, recorded with Chick Corea, and released two albums with drummer Bill Bruford as Moraz-Bruford. The two toured worldwide between 1983 and 1985. In May 1986, he worked on some "temporary cues" and "not the final scores" to the soundtrack to "Predator" (1987) and "Wild Orchid" (1989). The project gave him the opportunity to visit the filming of "Predator" in Mexico, and to meet Arnold Schwarzenegger and Mickey Rourke. However, Moraz could not fully complete the score for "Predator" because of an upcoming tour with the Moody Blues, leaving Alan Silvestri to compose the rest. He also operated Aquarius Studios in Geneva with Ristori. Moraz performed the score to "The Stepfather" (1987).


title: Patrick Moraz

text: During the recording for "Keys of the Kingdom" (1991), Moraz was interviewed for "Keyboard" magazine. He expressed a feeling that The Moody Blues' music had become too confined and that the group had become stagnant, offering "no musical challenge". The other members, he thought, were unwilling to use his musical compositions and claimed his only composition during his 13 years with them was "half a song with the drummer". Before the Moody Blues toured the album, Moraz was fired from the band. In September 1991, Moraz sued the group for $500,000 as well as wrongful dismissal, claiming the group decided to split their profits four ways instead of five, and wished to be paid royalties he felt were owed to him as a full-time member of the band for almost 15 years. However, the group maintained Moraz was only a hired musician, despite his name being listed as a member on their albums and promotional materials and including him in official band photographs. On December 28, 1992, the jury in the case, aired on "Court TV", awarded Moraz $77,175 from the defendants. Moraz had been offered $400,000 before the lawsuit.


title: Patrick Moraz

text: After his dismissal from the Moody Blues, Moraz has primarily concentrated on solo projects. His first of three piano albums, "Windows of Time" (1994), was recorded in a studio at Full Sail University in Florida. A total of fourteen hours of material was recorded which was cut to exactly one hour. Moraz then spent the next four years developing "hundreds of pieces of music for all instruments, as well as orchestras and choirs", producing several artists, and completed work for the Conference on World Affairs, of which he is an official delegate. He also wished to tour "Windows of Time", but thought the style of the music would suffer in a traditional concert setting.


title: Patrick Moraz

text: In late 1994, Moraz began a piano tour of the US and Europe with his Coming Home, America Tour (CHAT), which saw him perform at private or semi-private venues for an $800 flat fee, booked entirely by fans through the Internet. One show saw him perform for a couple in their home. The tour ended in November 1995 for a total of 92 performances. One of them was recorded and released as "PM in Princeton" (1995) for CD and video. In 1997, Moraz started work on a new album, "A Way to Freedom", featuring arrangements for a symphony orchestra, percussionists, and a jazz brass band. The project remains a work in progress. From 1998 to 2000, Moraz worked almost exclusively on his second piano album "Resonance" (2000), which, like "Windows of Time", was cut to exactly one hour of music. He also performed at a benefit concert at the request of poet José Ramos-Horta.


title: Patrick Moraz

text: By 2001, Moraz had continued with several projects, including researching and preparing film scripts, including one for a potential film adaptation of "The Story of I". He released his third piano album, the classically influenced "ESP" (2003), short for "Etudes, Sonatas and Preludes". In 2012, he issued a compilation of tracks from the three piano albums titled "PianissiMoraz" (2012).


title: Patrick Moraz

text: In 2011, Moraz guested on an album by Panorama Syndicate entitled "Skyline", playing piano on the title track.


title: Patrick Moraz

text: In April 2014, Moraz took part in the annual progressive rock-themed cruise voyage Cruise to the Edge as a solo artist. In 2015, Moraz and drummer Greg Alban formed the Moraz Alban Project and released a studio album "The M.A.P. Project" (2015), featuring percussionist Lenny Castro, saxophonist Dave Van Such, bassists John Avila and Patrick Perrier, and Counting Crows bassist Matt Malley. Moraz and Alban met in 1983 and Alban played drums on Moraz's album "Time Code" (1984). The project was an Alban solo endeavour at first, with Moraz contributing to the music, but it grew to feature numerous other musicians with the music written around the drums and keyboards. In November 2015, Moraz released a limited edition 19-CD box set of his 18 albums, including "Mainhorse" (1971), "The Story of I" (1976) and the live album "Music for Piano and Drums: Live in Maryland" (2012).


title: Patrick Moraz

text: Moraz reunited with Yes in July 2018. As part of Yes' 50th Anniversary tour, Moraz performed with Yes at two shows in Philadelphia, July 20 and 21. At each show, Moraz played keys during the band's performance of "Soon". Moraz also appeared during the Yes FanFest before the July 21 show, at first performing a 70-minute solo piano show and then appearing on stage with Yes and taking part in a band interview.


title: Patrick Moraz

text: Moraz lives in Florida with his second wife, Phyllis, and spends some time in his native Switzerland. He has one son, David, and a daughter, Rana, with first wife Diane.


title: Hamit Altıntop

text: Hamit Altıntop (; born 8 December 1982) is a Turkish former professional footballer and current board member of the Turkish Football Federation. He was a versatile midfielder who could play either in a defending or attacking role and on both flanks, known for his creative flair and long-range shooting ability. He is the identical twin brother of footballer Halil Altıntop, who was born 10 minutes after Hamit.


title: Hamit Altıntop

text: Altıntop was part of the Turkey squad that reached the semi-finals of Euro 2008. After the tournament he was voted as part of the 23-man Team of the tournament awards. He won the 2010 FIFA Puskás Award for scoring the best goal of the season in a UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying match against Kazakhstan in a 3–0 win for his country.


title: Hamit Altıntop

text: Altıntop started his professional career in local German club Wattenscheid in 2000 along with his brother. As successful performances grabbed the attention of bigger clubs, he was transferred to Schalke 04 in 2003, where he played in a primarily defensive midfield role. In the 2006–07 summer transfer window, Schalke signed his brother Halil from Kaiserslautern. Schalke came second in the Bundesliga, only pipped by VfB Stuttgart by two points.


title: Hamit Altıntop

text: Altıntop joined Bayern Munich for the 2007–08 season on a free transfer from Schalke 04. He scored his first goal in his first game for "Bayern" when they faced the Brazilian champions São Paulo. Munich went on winning the game 2–1 after his spectacular free-kick. Remaining as one of Munich's starters, he scored another left-foot goal out of 30 meters distance against Werder Bremen in the DFL-Ligapokal. Munich completed the match with a 4–1 victory.


title: Hamit Altıntop

text: Altıntop also scored a controversial penalty against Aberdeen in the first leg of their tie in the UEFA Cup competition on 14 February 2008 at Pittodrie. The initial penalty kick was saved by Aberdeen goalkeeper Jamie Langfield; however, Altıntop scored with the rebound. The match finished 2–2.


title: Hamit Altıntop

text: In 2009–10 season, Bayern Munich competed in Champions League and they eventually went to 2010 UEFA Champions League Final, which was played at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, home of Real Madrid on Saturday, 22 May 2010. He started the match in the first 11, but he was substituted for Miroslav Klose, on 63rd minute.


title: Hamit Altıntop

text: On 2 June 2010, Altıntop signed a new one-year contract with Bayern Munich. He was eventually released by Bayern during the end of the 2010–11 season, after failing to negotiate an extension to his contract. Thus, he became a free agent.


title: Hamit Altıntop

text: On 19 May 2011, it was announced Altıntop would move on a free transfer to Real Madrid. He signed a four-year contract with the Spanish club. He made his debut for the club on 27 September at the Santiago Bernabéu in a Champions League match against AFC Ajax, coming on in the 84th minute as a replacement for Mesut Özil. He made his La Liga debut for the club on 15 October at the Santiago Bernabéu in a match against Real Betis, coming on in the 78th minute as a replacement for Cristiano Ronaldo. He scored his first goal for the club on 18 December at the Estadio Ramón Sánchez in a match against Sevilla FC on the 89th minute from an assist from Xabi Alonso, coming on in the 86th minute as a replacement for Karim Benzema. He made his first starting debut for the club on 28 January 2012 at the Santiago Bernabéu in a victory over Zaragoza, playing a full match. He made his first Champions League starting debut for the club on 4 April 2012 at the Santiago Bernabéu in a 2011–12 Champions League quarter-finals match against APOEL F.C., playing a full match.


title: Hamit Altıntop

text: On 13 July 2012, he signed a four-year contract with the Galatasaray SK for €3.5 million from Real Madrid. Altıntop would earn €2.4 million per-season in 2012–13 and 2013–14 in addition to a €20,000 per-match bonus. He made his Galatasaray debut on 12 August 2012 in the 2012 Turkish Super Cup final against the Turkish Cup Champions Fenerbahçe. Galatasaray won 3–2, winning the title for the 12th time. He made his Süper Lig debut the following week against Kasımpaşa. Altıntop's first goal for Galatasaray was a 30-meter free kick in the 37th minute of a Champions League defeat of former club Schalke 04 on 12 March 2013. Altintop failed to appear in Galatasaray's first 18 squad due to injuries during most of 2015 and 2016. He started reappearing in cup games. However, due to a disastrous performance against a second division club Tuzlaspor and the criticism of the supporters, the club decided to terminate his contract.


title: Hamit Altıntop

text: On 31 January 2017, Altıntop signed a season long contract with Darmstadt 98. He was named the best player of the 20th matchday by the Bundesliga after contributing in major fashion to a surprise win against Borussia Dortmund. He parted ways with the club on 4 January 2018 due to personal reasons and moved to Turkey with his family.


title: Hamit Altıntop

text: Altıntop played in all five of Turkey's matches at UEFA Euro 2008. He assisted all three goals in the comeback against the Czech Republic and in the quarter finals against Croatia he scored the third penalty to make it 3–1 in the shoot out. After goalkeeper Rüştü Reçber saved the next Croatian penalty, Turkey advanced to the semi-finals against Germany. Turkish coach Fatih Terim used him as a right defender in the first two games of the tournament, a move that was heavily criticized by the media, since Altıntop was a midfielder for his then-club Bayern Munich. After the match against Switzerland, Terim switched him to midfield for the remainder of the tournament, which boosted both Turkey's and his own performance. His bold playing style and decisive passes made him a dominant player in the Turkish midfield. He was awarded with the Carlsberg Man of the Match award following the quarter final match against Croatia. At the conclusion of the tournament, Altıntop was widely acknowledged to be one of the tournament's stars, and was included in UEFA's official 23-man "Team of the Tournament".


title: Hamit Altıntop

text: In January 2011, Altıntop won the FIFA Puskás Award for Goal of the Year of 2010 for his volley against Kazakhstan in September 2010 in a Euro 2012 qualifier.


title: Hamit Altıntop

text: He was captain of the national team for the first time on 30 March 2011 in a 2–0 victory against Austria.


title: Hamit Altıntop

text: In 2018, one year after his retirement from professional, he was elected as a board of directors member of the Turkish Football Federation.


title: Hamit Altıntop

text: Altintop has been nominated as the 2023 UEFA Champions League Final ambassador, since the final will be held at Atatürk Olympic Stadium in Istanbul.


title: Uff da

text: Uff da! (sometimes also spelled oof-da, oofda, oofala, oof-dah, oofdah, huffda, uff-da, uffda, uff-dah, ufda, , or uf daa) is a Scandinavian exclamation or interjection used to express dismay, typically upon hearing bad news. Of Norwegian origin, the phrase was brought by Scandinavian Americans to the Upper Midwest, New England, and Pacific Northwest regions of the United States during the 19th century, where its meaning was broadened to express also surprise, astonishment, exhaustion, or relief.


title: Uff da

text: In Danish and Norwegian language, (Danish and older Norwegian spelling) or (current Norwegian spelling) is a mild and polite vernacular interjection used when something is unpleasant, uncomfortable, hurtful, annoying, sad, or irritating. The word is an onomatopoeia corresponding to English "oof", Dutch and German . Other similar interjections exist in Danish, e.g. or , and Norwegian, e.g. . may be used in Norwegian as a response when hearing something lamentable (but not too serious), and can be translated as "Oh, I'm sorry to hear that". is derived from Old Norse meaning 'then' in this context (similar to e.g. the response "ok, then"); both and English "then" (from Old English , , ) are derived from Proto-Germanic * ('at that (time), then'). The Swedish exclamations and are similar in meaning, with Swedish corresponding to Norwegian .


title: Uff da

text: "Uff da" is a marker of Scandinavian heritage, predominantly heard in the upper Midwest, which has a significant population with Scandinavian roots. It also is used throughout the Pacific Northwest, particularly in the Washington cities of Ballard and Stanwood. Its variety of meanings let it substitute for common obscenities.


title: Obesity in Nauru

text: The World Health Organization's (WHO) estimated that 94.5% of Nauruans were identified as overweight and obese, with an obesity rate of 71.7%.


title: Obesity in Nauru

text: The average body weight among Nauruans is approximately . Nauru has an average BMI between 34 and 35.


title: Obesity in Nauru

text: There are multiple factors contributing to obesity in Nauru. From the 1980s, Nauruans led a sedentary lifestyle with an unhealthy diet, contributing to "the worst health conditions in the Pacific region".


title: Obesity in Nauru

text: The historical food sources of Nauruans were fishing and gardening. The traditional Nauruan diet was primarily composed of marine fish, fruits, root vegetables, and coconuts. Nauru gained independence in 1968 due to an increase in economical growth from mining activities. The garnered profits were distributed amongst the citizens, leading to an outflux in citizen labor. The Government of Nauru and WHO stated that the import of western food significantly reduced the existing culture of fishing and gardening, which led to mineral depletion and economical downturn of the nation.


title: Obesity in Nauru

text: Approximately 90% of the land area of Nauru is covered with phosphate deposits, with the majority strip-mined and non-arable. This has led to Nauruan reliance on processed food, high in both sugar and fat, imported from large Oceanian countries such as Australia and New Zealand.


title: Obesity in Nauru

text: University of Queensland professor and South Pacific researcher Clive Moore stated that obesity is seen as a sign of wealth in Nauru.


title: Obesity in Nauru

text: Nauru has the highest rate of adult diabetes worldwide. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) identified 31% of Nauruans as diabetic, with rates as high as 45% among individuals aged from 55 to 64 years. It is a small island country with the highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the world. 71% of the population is obese. 97% of men are overweight, which is only slightly lower than that of women.