title: Epidemiology

text: In recent years however, medical anthropology in particular has taken on a larger role in the field of epidemiology. Medical anthropology looks at biological, social, cultural, and linguistic anthropology to understand how these factors influence health and well-being, experience and distribution of illness, as well as prevention of treatment. As with cultural anthropologists, medical anthropologists have continued to aid in the development of public health policies. In particular, they have been very helpful in providing a unique perspective on public health discourse. For example, they investigate how culture affects research studies, are able to pick up on seemingly "irrelevant" yet important small details that an epidemiologist might miss, and they are able to provide qualitative data whereas epidemiology only focuses on quantitative data. One main thing of importance here is that while epidemiologist has largely ignored cultural factors when looking at the causes of diseases/health conditions, medical anthropology has challenged this notion and contributed to the field by showing how culture and social factors play a big role in people's willingness to follow public health guidelines/interventions or even accept treatment for their illnesses.


title: Epidemiology

text: Whereas the nature of epidemiological investigations may lead to a reductionist or limited point of view, medical anthropology provides a more holistic view of the problem and examines the issue from different angles to best understand and help the populations in need. Another critical contribution of medical anthropology has been with regard to critical qualitative data. While epidemiology is focused mainly on quantitative data and trends in health of the population, medical anthropology provides rich source of information on understanding the population's subjective experiences and providing qualitative data explaining why a particular intervention or treatment may have failed among a particular population. Their main contributions in recent years have come from modifying and helping develop epidemiological surveys by taking into account word choice and the "social suitability" of questions, so that responses would be more accurate and thereby helping to increase the validity of the questionnaires. It has also been found that medical anthropologists have played a large role in helping locals better understand the objectives of epidemiologists and thereby helped them become more receptive of their investigations. In addition to all these, one of the major contributions of medical anthropology has come from its ability to help explain health phenomenon and create and test hypothesis relating to such explanations, in a way that epidemiologists have been unable to due to their strict focus on quantitative data. In short, while epidemiology is good at understanding numerical patterns and biological causes for disease/health conditions, it is unable to fully explain all the factors that underlie certain diseases/health conditions, and this is a gap that medical anthropology has been able to pick up on and complement by providing rich qualitative data which looks at health and diseases from a holistic perspective.


title: Epidemiology

text: Some notable mentions of medical anthropologists who have worked and contributed to epidemiology and public health in general include Dr. Jim Kim and Paul Farmer. Dr. Jim Kim served as the president of the World Bank while Paul Farmer is a physician and medical anthropologists who focuses on infectious diseases and treatment. Both of these men co-founded the Partners in Health (PIH) program, which provided free health care to the poorest populations in countries like Haiti, Peru, and Rwanda. Other notable mentions are Amber Wutich and Alexandra Brewis, both of whom are professors and researchers at Arizona State University. They focus on health impacts caused by resource scarcity, specifically relating to lack of access to clean water in developing countries. Wutich is a director of the Global Ethnohydrology study which looks at water knowledge and management in ten countries, while Brewis researches the impact of culture on human biology.


title: Epidemiology

text: Epidemiological practice and the results of epidemiological analysis make a significant contribution to health management


title: Epidemiology

text: Modern population-based health management is complex. Epidemiological practice and analysis is a core component. This task requires the forward looking ability to guide how a health system responds to current health issues, and how a health system can respond to future potential population health issues.


title: Stalinism

text: Stalinism refers to the political system under Joseph Stalin, including ideology and state administration. A secret history of those days is contained in the Mitrokin Archives. Stalinism involves using strong state leadership and suppression of opposition to quickly develop a country. Lazar Kaganovich, a Soviet politician, coined the term.


title: Stalinism

text: Stalinism existed in the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1956. The Soviet Union was an agricultural country in 1924, but by 1956 it was a powerful industrial country with good living standards. This happened because of the 5-year plans of the government. These plans contained all economic development to happen in the 5 years.


title: Stalinism

text: The controversial part of Stalinism is that to do all these things, the government detained or killed many people who didn't like the government. A few hundred thousand people were detained or killed. These were mostly rich people and people who wanted to go back to the Russian Empire.


title: Extratropical cyclone

text: An extratropical cyclone (also called a mid-latitude cyclone) is a type of cyclone. It is a large low-pressure weather area with clouds, rain and heavy wind. They occur in areas that are between latitudes 30° – 60° from the equator. They are not the same as tropical cyclones or low-pressure weather areas from polar zones. They are actually many masses of cold and warm fronts producing rain, heavy wind, and sometimes tornadoes and even hail.


title: Extratropical cyclone

text: An extratropical cyclone turns anticlockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. The shape is circular or oval. The usual diameter is about 1000 km. These cyclones are usually connected with fronts. A front is a system of changes in weather. It is caused by a very cold air mass meeting a very hot air mass. In the cyclone, there is a system of warm front and cold front. The center of a cyclone is cloudier. There is also a very high chance of precipitation. The wind is strong and changes its direction, as the warm front passes. The weather is stable and fog is usual. As the cold front passes, there is a change of wind, the temperature decreases and rain is also common.


title: Extratropical cyclone

text: Some extratropical cyclones are made from tropical cyclones that become weak but do not die when they move over cold water. Sometimes, these weather areas can become even stronger than before as they turn into extratropical cyclones. When made from tropical cyclones, they can still have an eye (a place in the middle of a tropical cyclone that is not as windy, cloudy, or rainy). European windstorms are sometimes made when wind from the northwestern part of the Atlantic carry them more east and north towards Europe. Nor'easters often hit northeastern North America, and are made when it is cold, most often in late fall. Wind from the west part of the Atlantic moves them north. They become stronger, and drop snow on the areas it moves into. When a nor'easter drops in pressure and become stronger, by more than one millibar every hour, it is called a weather bomb. Hurricane Hazel was extratropical but still hurricane-level when it hit Toronto, for example.


title: Extratropical cyclone

text: Cyclonal defects usually occur in series called "the families of the cyclones". Usually, there is a belt of 3 or 4 cyclones in different stages. The cyclone has several stages of evolution. First, there is a stage of the origin of a cyclone. Second stage means that the cyclone is strengthening. At that moment, both the warm and cold front are very large. The system is moving very fast. The cold front is generally faster, which means that it runs down the warm one. This causes an occluded front. The weather is similar to both types of fronts. The third stage ends with filling of the area with air. The pressure rises. Stage four means that the signs of cyclonal weather disappear.


title: Extratropical cyclone

text: A violent storm during the Crimean War on November 14, 1854, wrecked 30 vessels, and sparked initial investigations into meteorology and forecasting in Europe. In the United States, the Columbus Day Storm of 1962, one of many Pacific Northwest windstorms. Hurricane Sandy also became extratropical before it's landfall.


title: Blindness

text: Blindness is to not see anything. Some people are called blind, even though they can see a little bit. This is because they cannot see clearly, but only see unfocused shapes or colors.


title: Blindness

text: In modern countries, few young people are blind. In all the world, blindness is mostly caused by malnutrition and diseases of old people, like cataracts and trachoma. People can become blind because of diseases or accidents, but sometimes people are born blind.


title: Blindness

text: Legal blindness is defined as a level of visual acuity low enough to qualify for disability benefits and\or special accommodations. Legal blindness is also defined as being unable to be completely corrected by prescription glasses or contact lenses.


title: Blindness

text: When people are blind they use such things as the alphabet in "braille" and "guide dogs" to do every day life things.


title: Blindness

text: Famous blind people have included Louis Braille, the inventor of the braille alphabet, Stevie Wonder, Ray Charles and Helen Keller.


title: Bulldog

text: The bulldog, known as the British Bulldog or English Bulldog, is a medium-size breed of dog from England.


title: Bulldog

text: Bulldogs are medium in size, and they are wide and compact with large, thick heads. Their muzzle (nose and mouth) is short, like a pug's. They have stocky legs at each corner of their muscular body, so when they walk, they take short steps and swing their body from side to side.


title: Bulldog

text: Their fur comes in many colors, including light brown, white, black or mixed (brindle). Black is not a desired color at dog shows, but black bulldogs can compete. The bulldog is recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC).


title: Bulldog

text: Bulldogs are good family pets. They are also brave and are good guard dogs. Bulldogs need a lot of human attention to be happy. They do not need much exercise or grooming except for the face, which should be wiped daily in the face folds with a damp cloth. They weigh . They are tall at the shoulders.


title: Bulldog

text: The bulldog was originally bred to fight bulls during the 1600s. The dog's mouth is made to bite a bull's nose and not let go.


title: Mac Miller

text: Malcolm James McCormick (January 19, 1992 – September 7, 2018), known professionally as Mac Miller, was an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. He was also a noted under the pseudonym Larry Fisherman.


title: Mac Miller

text: In early 2010, Miller signed a record deal with Pittsburgh-based indie record label Rostrum Records. He subsequently began recording his debut studio album "Blue Slide Park", and released it on November 8, 2011. The album went on to debut at number one on the U.S. "Billboard" 200 chart, making it the first independently distributed debut album to top the chart since Tha Dogg Pound's 1995 album, "Dogg Food".


title: Mac Miller

text: In early 2013, Miller launched REMember Music, his own record label imprint, named after a friend who died. Miller's second album, "Watching Movies with the Sound Off", was released on June 18, 2013. In January 2014, Miller announced he was no longer signed to Rostrum Records. In October 2014, it was reported Miller signed a record deal for him and his label REMember, with Warner Bros. Records.


title: Mac Miller

text: Miller died of an accidental drug overdose on September 7, 2018 at the age of 26. The cause of death was because Miller had mixed Fentanyl with Cocaine.


title: Warwickshire

text: Warwickshire (pronounced //, //, or //) is a county in central England. The county town is Warwick. The shape of the administrative area Warwickshire differs considerably from that of the historic county. Commonly used abbreviations for the county are Warks or Warwicks.


title: Warwickshire

text: Warwickshire is perhaps best known for being the birthplace of William Shakespeare from Stratford-upon-Avon. The county has also produced other literary figures such as George Eliot (from near Nuneaton), Rupert Brooke (from Rugby), and Michael Drayton from Hartshill.


title: Warwickshire

text: Warwickshire is bounded to the northwest by the West Midlands metropolitan county, and Staffordshire, by Leicestershire to the northeast, Northamptonshire to the east, Worcestershire to the west, Oxfordshire to the south, Gloucestershire to the southwest.


title: Warwickshire

text: The majority of Warwickshire's population live in the north and centre of the county. The market towns of northern and eastern Warwickshire were industrialised in the 19th century, and include Atherstone, Bedworth, Nuneaton, and Rugby. Major industries included coal mining, textiles, engineering, and cement production, but heavy industry is in decline. Of the northern and eastern towns, only Nuneaton and Rugby (as the birthplace of Rugby football) are well-known outside of Warwickshire. The rich towns of central and western Warwickshire include Leamington Spa, Stratford-upon-Avon, Kenilworth, Alcester, and Warwick. They have light to medium industries, services, and tourism as major employers.


title: Warwickshire

text: The south of the county is largely rural and has little population, and includes a small area of the Cotswolds. The only town in the south of Warwickshire is Shipston-on-Stour. The highest point in the county, at 261 m (856 ft), is Ebrington Hill on the border with Gloucestershire, GR SP187426 at its southwest extremity.


title: Warwickshire

text: There are no cities in Warwickshire since both Coventry and Birmingham were incorporated into the West Midlands county in 1974. The largest towns in Warwickshire as of 2004 are: Nuneaton (pop. 77,500), Rugby (62,700), Leamington Spa (45,300), and Bedworth (32,500). Stratford, Warwick, and Kenilworth all house populations with more than 20,000 inhabitants, the smaller towns of Atherstone, Alcester, Coleshill, Southam, Bulkington, Polesworth, Kingsbury, Henley-in-Arden, Studley, Shipston and Whitnash have populations between 5,000 and 12,000.


title: Warwickshire

text: Historically much of western Warwickshire, was covered by the ancient Forest of Arden (although most of this was cut down to provide fuel for industrialisation in the 17th to 19th centuries). For this reason, the names of a number of places in the northwestern part of Warwickshire end with the phrase "-in-Arden".


title: Warwickshire

text: Areas historically part of Warwickshire include Coventry, Solihull, and most of Birmingham. These became part of the West Midlands metropolitan county following local government re-organisation in 1974.


title: Warwickshire

text: Since 1986 Birmingham, Coventry, and Solihull have been effective unitary authorities, but they still remain legally part of the West Midlands.


title: Warwickshire

text: Some organisations, such as Warwickshire County Cricket Club, which is based in Edgbaston, in Birmingham, still observe the historic county boundaries.


title: Warwickshire

text: Coventry is effectively in the centre of the Warwickshire area, and still has strong ties with the county. Coventry and Warwickshire are sometimes treated as a single area and share a single NHS trust and ambulance service as well as other institutions.


title: Warwickshire

text: The town of Tamworth was historically divided between Warwickshire and Staffordshire, but since 1888 has been fully in Staffordshire.


title: Warwickshire

text: In 1931, Warwickshire got the town of Shipston-on-Stour from Worcestershire and several villages, including Long Marston and Welford-on-Avon, from Gloucestershire.


title: Warwickshire

text: This is a list of the main settlements in Warwickshire, including towns, or villages with a population of over 5,000. For a complete list see List of places in Warwickshire.


title: Quetta

text: Quetta () is the capital and largest city of Balochistan province in Pakistan. It is famous for its climate and buildings. It is to the north of Balochistan, 133 kilometers away from Spin Buldak, Afghanistan.


title: Quetta

text: In 1935, a powerful earthquake hit Quetta. The earthquake was felt between 2:30 am to 3:40 am. It resulted in the collapse of buildings, that is why there is no historical building in Quetta.


title: Quetta

text: Quetta was captured by Mehmood Ghaznavi in the 11th century. The Khans of Kalat ruled Quetta until 1556 when the Persians conquered the city, only to have it retaken by Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1595. Despite all this, the Khans of Kalat were successful in restoring their rule in the region by the 18th century.


title: Quetta

text: The predominantly Muslim population supported the Muslim League and the Pakistan Movement. On joining Pakistan, Quetta was made the capital city of the newly created province of Balochistan.


title: Quetta

text: Quetta lies close to the borders of Afghanistan. Traders and invaders have passed through Quetta since pre-historic times. Quetta is 1,645 meters above the sea level. It is near the Hazarganji-Chitan National Park.


title: German South West Africa

text: German South West Africa (, DSWA) was a German colony in Africa from 1884 through 1915. It is now Namibia. From 1891, the capital was Windhoek, the same city as the capital of today's Namibia. It covered an area of . This is over one and half times the size of the German Empire at the time.


title: Inclusive education

text: Inclusive education is an idea in the field of education. It means that persons with disabilities or persons who need special care can learn in schools together with people who do not have special needs. This idea comes from the idea of social justice. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities also says that access to education is a human right.


title: Inclusive education

text: Whether the education takes place in schools with all kinds of pupils is a matter of practicality. There is no general rule which can always be followed. Some kinds of disability needs both specially trained teachers, and a separate environment from the normal classrooms.


title: 2026 FIFA World Cup

text: The 2026 FIFA World Cup will be the 23rd FIFA World Cup tournament. It will be hosted in Canada, Mexico, and the United States. This is the first time three countries will host the tournament.


title: Operation Barbarossa

text: Operation Barbarossa (, named after Frederick I) was the code name for the European Axis invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II. It began on 22 June 1941. More than 3 million men attacked along the 2,900 km front, which made it the largest military invasion in human history. It also involved 600,000 motor vehicles and 750,000 horses.


title: Operation Barbarossa

text: In the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact of 1939 Germany and the Soviet Union agreed not to fight each other. Planning for the German surprise attack started in December 1940. The attack was to start on May 15, and its main objective was to destroy the Soviet military power. Some Nazi ideological goals were included, as were Soviet deposits of natural resources, which would be helpful to keep fighting the war against the Allies.


title: Operation Barbarossa

text: Even though the Soviets were in a terrible condition, the Axis did not complete its objectives. Tactically, the Germans held some of the most important economic areas of the Soviet Union, mainly in Ukraine. However, the Germans were pushed back from Moscow and could not do another attack as large and long as Operation Barbarossa on the Eastern Front.


title: Operation Barbarossa

text: The winter of 1941-1942 began unusually early. It was not noted as being particularly bad by the Soviets, but the Germans were accustomed to warmer temperatures and so were ill-prepared. The Germans' equipment broke down in the cold, and some men were still wearing summer uniforms, which they stuffed with newspapers in an attempt to stay warm. Many German soldiers froze to death in the extreme cold.


title: Operation Barbarossa

text: Operation Barbarossa was followed in 1942 by the failed "Fall Blau" (Case Blue), which was intended to take the Caucasus region and its oilfields.


title: Operation Barbarossa

text: The German attack opened the Eastern Front, which in Russia is called the "Great Patriotic War". A few years later, the Soviets pushed the German soldiers and invaded the German-occupied territories in Eastern Europe.


title: Operation Barbarossa

text: The Soviets then invaded Germany itself and fought the Battle of Berlin, the final battle before Germany's surrender. Although the Soviets eventually repelled the Germans, the tremendous cost was five times as many Soviet deaths as Germans.


title: Operation Barbarossa

text: Operation Barbarossa was the largest military operation in human history by the number of men involved and by the number of people who died. The operation opened a theatre in which more men were involved than any other in history.


title: Tuner (car)

text: When talking about cars, a tuner is a car with many parts changed so the car can go very fast. The word "tune" here means "to adjust" or "to change". Typically, people call any vehicle that has been modified for performance reasons a tuner car regardless of make or model.


title: Tuner (car)

text: When people want to drive fast cars but don't want to buy a very expensive car, they change some parts for an ordinary car to make it go faster.


title: Tuner (car)

text: For basic tuning, the engine intake and exhaust are changed, which means the process that takes air into the engine and out of the engine happens faster. People can also make the frame of the car stronger, to help it go around corners better. A spoiler or wing helps air push the car down onto the ground, which means more grip.


title: Elf

text: An elf is a creature of various origins that is usually regarded as a good being that helps to make trees and nature good. It is therefore commonly associated with paganism and witchcraft (many modern witches today believe that elves are real creatures).


title: Elf

text: Elves are usually described as a taller human, but with more firmer touch to them. However, in "The Lord of the Rings", elves were described as human sized (and if anything taller), hence changing the description of elves. They are sometimes known to have long, pointy ears.


title: Elf

text: In most modern fantasy scenarios, elves are one of the 3 main races (elves, dwarves, and humans), although if these 3 are described as the good races, they then become one of 6 races, including orcs, goblins, trolls, and / or giants.


title: Elf

text: The word "elf" is found throughout the Germanic languages and seems originally to have meant "white being". Reconstructing the early concept of an elf depends largely on texts, written by Christians, in Old and Middle English, medieval German, and Old Norse. These associate elves variously with the gods of Norse mythology, with causing illness, with magic, and with beauty and seduction.


title: Elf

text: The elves of Norse mythology have survived into folklore mainly as females, living in hills and mounds of stones. The Swedish "älvor" were stunningly beautiful girls who lived in the forest with an elven king.


title: Elf

text: The elves could be seen dancing over meadows, particularly at night and on misty mornings. They left a circle where they had danced, which were called "älvdanser" (elf dances) or "älvringar" (elf circles), and to urinate in one was thought to cause venereal diseases. Typically, elf circles were fairy rings consisting of a ring of small mushrooms, but there was also another kind of elf circle. In the words of the local historian Anne Marie Hellström:


title: Elf

text: If a human watched the dance of the elves, he would discover that even though only a few hours seemed to have passed, many years had passed in the real world. Humans being invited or lured to the elf dance is a common motif transferred from older Scandinavian ballads.


title: Elf

text: Elves were not exclusively young and beautiful. In the Swedish folktale "Little Rosa and Long Leda", an elvish woman ("älvakvinna") arrives in the end and saves the heroine, Little Rose, on condition that the king's cattle no longer graze on her hill. She is described as a beautiful old woman and by her aspect people saw that she belonged to the "subterraneans".


title: Association fallacy

text: An association fallacy is a logical fallacy that occurs when someone says that a quality of one thing must apply to another just because they both share a similar quality or belief. It can be used in a positive or negative way.


title: Association fallacy

text: An example of an association fallacy being used in positive way (called "pro hominem", or honour by association) is as follows:


title: Association fallacy

text: An example of an association fallacy being used in a negative way (called "guilt by association") is as follows:


title: Voice of America

text: The Voice of America (VOA) is the official broadcasting service of the United States government. It is one of the best-known stations in international broadcasting. Along with English, VOA broadcasts in many other languages. VOA's broadcasts are made to share a positive view of the United States with the world. Americans in the United States are not part of VOA's intended audience, but many Americans do listen to the program.


title: Voice of America

text: VOA was organized in 1942 under the Office of War Information with news programs aimed at Europe and North Africa occupied by Germany. VOA began broadcasting on February 24, 1942, but VOA noted in its site that it began broadcasting on February 1, 1942. Transmitters used by VOA came from shortwave transmitters used by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) and National Broadcasting Company (NBC). Voice of America began to transmit radio broadcasts into the Soviet Union on February 17, 1947.


title: Voice of America

text: During the Cold War, VOA's budget was reduced. On August 1, 1953, VOA was separated from the Department of State and it was included under the Information Agency. VOA moved its headquarters from New York to Washington, DC. next year. In 1959 VOA started "Special English" programs. In the 1980s, VOA also added a television service, as well as special regional programs to Cuba, Radio Marti and TV Marti.


title: Voice of America

text: One of VOA's famous programs was remembered as "Jazz Hour" presented by Willis Conover. This program continued for 40 years, and its record remains at the National Museum of American History, also known as ""Smithsonian".


title: Voice of America

text: The Voice of America broadcasts in 46 different languages. Television broadcasts are marked with a star:


title: Gordon Ramsay

text: Gordon James Ramsay (; born 8 November 1966) is a British celebrity chef, restaurateur, and television personality. He has his own shows "The F Word", "Hell's Kitchen" and "Ramsay's Kitchen Nightmares". He also presents American versions "Hell's Kitchen" and "Kitchen Nightmares". He used to be a Scottish League footballer.


title: Gordon Ramsay

text: Ramsay's flagship restaurant, the "Restaurant Gordon Ramsay" in Chelsea, London, has three Michelin stars, and has had them since 2001. He has invested in several other restaurants, trained their chefs and designed their menus. His restaurants have been awarded 16 Michelin stars in total and currently hold 7.


title: Yukon

text: The Yukon is a territory of Canada, north of British Columbia, west of the Northwest Territories, and east of the American state of Alaska. Its population is 31,000. Most of the territory's people live in the capital of Whitehorse. Many of the people are native Canadians (First Nations).


title: Yukon

text: The Yukon became a territory in 1898. It was part of the Northwest Territories from 1870 to 1898. Many people came to live in the Yukon during the Yukon Gold Rush of the 1890s.


title: Luhan

text: Lù Hán (hanja: 鹿晗; hangul: 루한; born April 20, 1990 in Haidian) better known by mononym Luhan, is a Chinese singer. He was introduced as a member of EXO in December 2011, officially debuting in April 2012, and in October 2014, left the group after filing a lawsuit against S.M. Entertainment to reverse its exclusivity agreement.


title: Luhan

text: In December 2014, China National Radio ranked Luhan in sixth place among the top 10 most popular entertainment stars in the country. He began his career as an actor in the film "20 Once Again", released in January 2015. In May of 2015, it appeared in 37th position of the richest celebrities of Forbes China. Luhan made his debut as a solo artist with the release of his first extended play, titled "Reloaded I", on September 14, 2015. He became the first celebrity born after the 1990s to be named the "Artist of the Year" by China Newsweek in 2016.


title: Luhan

text: Luhan was born in Haidian, Beijing, China, on April 20, 1990. He graduated from Beijing Shida Middle School and attended the Beijing Haidian Foreign Language Shi Yan School before leaving for South Korea to attend Yonsei University as an exchange student. In 2008, he auditioned for JYP Entertainment's worldwide audition in China, but did not pass the audition. While studying in Seoul, he was observed by an S.M. Entertainment agent, who advised him to do a successful audition for the agency, being placed in a dormitory with other SM interns, and trained in singing, dancing, and acting.


title: Luhan

text: Luhan was the second member of EXO to be formally presented to the public on December 27, 2011. Along with Tao, Chen, and Kai, he made his first television performance at the "SBS Gayo Daejun" event on December 29 of the same year. The group's first single, "What Is Love," was released on January 30, 2012. The group released their second single, titled "History" on March 9. The pre-show showcase of the group was held at the Seoul Olympic Stadium on March 31, 2012, one hundred days after the launch of the first trailer of its debut on December 21, 2011. The showcase was held for about 3,000 fans ff 8,000 selected candidates to watch their performances. The group held a press conference and showed their performances at the Great Hall of the University of Economics and International Business in Beijing, China on April 1, 2012. On April 24, along with D.O., Baekhyun, Chen, BoA, Kangta, TVXQ, Taeyeon, Yesung, Jonghyun and Luna, released a song for the soundtrack of the film "I AM.", titled "Dear My Family". On August 23, 2012, S.M. Entertainment announced that Luhan would perform with BoA in the song "Only One," for the August 24 episode of "Music Bank". Luhan became the fourth to perform with the singer after Yunho, Eunhyuk, Taemin and Sehun.


title: Luhan

text: On October 16 of the same year, it was announced that he would participate in the 6-member dance group Younique Unit, alongside Eunhyuk, Hyoyeon, Taemin, Henry Lau and Kai performing the veloster theme song titled "Maxstep" for the album "PYL Younique Album", being a collaboration album between S.M. Entertainment and Hyundai. A video teaser of the song was shown on the PYL Younique Show the next day. The song was officially released on October 31, 2012.


title: Luhan

text: On June 23, 2013, he participated in the Chinese team for a football match at the 2013 Asian Dream Cup in Shanghai. In January 2014, he participated in the "Idol Star Athletics Championship". On April 23, 2014, he was cast in the cast of "20 Once Again", directed by East Chen. A representative from SM told Newsen: "Luhan was confirmed in 20 Once Again. At the moment we're adjusting the shooting times". The film is a Chinese version of the Korean film, "Miss Granny", in which an old lady returns to be young, and premiered in January of 2015. On August 13, 2014, a post by Luhan on his official Weibo account reached over 13 million comments, thus entering the "Guinness World Records" as the person who has the most comments in a Weibo post. On August 19, S.M. Entertainment posted a photo of Luhan with his "Guinness World Records" certificate and a world record holder medal. On October 10 of the same year, he filed a lawsuit against S.M. Entertainment to cancel its exclusivity agreement, mainly due to health problems. Still in October, he starred in the remake of the music video for "The Last Game" made for "". On December 1, he released the song "Our Tomorrow" for the soundtrack of "20 Once Again". The song peaked number one position on Baidu Music Chart.


title: Luhan

text: On January 26, 2015, it was announced that Luhan would sing the theme song for the release of the movie "Comrades: Almost a Love Story", in China. The song titled "Tian Mi Mi," was officially released on February 3. On January 28, it was announced that the South Korean film "Blind" would win a Chinese version, titled "The Witness", starring Luhan. The film was released in China on October 30 of the same year. In February of 2015, appeared in the movie "12 Golden Ducks". On March 11, Legendary Entertainment announced that Luhan would be cast in "The Great Wall", directed by Zhang Yimou along with Matt Damon, Andy Lau and Pedro Pascal. The film was released by China Film Group in China on December 15, 2016, and in the United States on February 17, 2017 by Universal. On May 27, 2015, it was revealed that Luhan and Taiwanese singer David Tao had recorded the theme song for the 2022 Winter Olympics. The song titled "Please Come to the Great Wall to Ski" had its music video released in July 2015. On August 28, he became a fixed member of the Chinese version of "Running Man" program, titled "Hurry Up, Brother". On September 11, Luhan was confirmed in the movie version of the popular web drama "The Lost Tomb", titled "Time Raiders", playing Wu Xie. Released by Le Vision Pictures on August 5, 2016.


title: Luhan

text: On September 14, he released his first mini-album titled "Reloaded I", along with the title track "That Good Good", via QQ Music Charts. The album sold 880,000 copies on the first day, the highest number of sales recorded on the first day of official release, and also reached more than one million sales at QQ Music, setting the record for faster digital album sales. Days later he released the song "Your Song". Still in September Lu Han broke his own record on Guinness World Records as the person with the highest amount of comments in a Weibo post, surpassing 87 million comments. On October 14, 2015, he released the song "Medals" as a single and soundtrack for the movie "The Witness". Being released on iTunes on November 4 of the same year, debuting at number one position on the China V Chart as well as Billboard Hot 100, making it the first single in Mandarin to come in last. Also in October he released the single "Football Gang". In early November he released the music video for the song "Promises", being released as a single days later. On December 1 he released the mini-album "Reloaded II", containing the songs "Lu" and "Deep". The song "Deep" was also included in the soundtrack of "Kung Fu Panda 3". He released his first studio album, titled "Reloaded", on December 22, 2015. The album topped the Tower Records chart in Japan, and became the only album from mainland China to enter the Top 5 of Taiwan's G-Music chart.


title: Luhan

text: On January 6, 2016, he released the song "The Inner Force" for the soundtrack of "", debuting at number two on the China V Chart. On February 16 of the same year, he released the mini-album "Reloaded+", along with the title track "Excited". In March of the same year he released the music video for the song "Adventure Time". On March 26, 2016, Luhan began his first solo tour, titled "Luhan Reloaded: 2016 Luhan 1st China Tour", in Beijing and Guangzhou on April 2, and Shanghai on April 9 of the same year. In June 2016, he landed the lead role of Chen Changsheng in the Hunan Television series, "Fighter of The Destiny". On October 21 of the same year, he released the "Xperience" mini-album, with the title track "Catch Me When I Fall". In December 2016, he made an appearance in the film "See You Tomorrow". In December On December 27, he released the mini-album "Xplore", along with the songs "Winter Song" and "Skin to Skin". With his music videos released in January 2017.


title: Luhan

text: In 2017, Luhan will be starring in his first television drama, "Fighter of the Destiny", a series of wuxia fantasy. In February of the same year he was also cast for the film "5 Centimeters Per Second" adapted from the Japanese novel of the same name. On January 21, it officially launched the single digital album "Venture" along with the single "What If I Said" on QQ Music, KuGou Music and Kuwo Music, selling 60,000 copies in just 3 minutes and 160,000 in 10 minutes. The song "Roleplay" was released as a single on February 27. He released the mini-album "Imagination" on April 19, 2017, accompanied by songs "On Call" and "Say It".


title: Luhan

text: On October 10, 2013, the survey on the "Top 10 of Asia's Most Beautiful Men" organized by Youth Entertainment's website reported that Luhan was chosen as Asia's most handsome man 2013 with over 40 million votes.


title: Luhan

text: On May 11, 2015, it was the cover of Forbes China magazine, where it ranked 37th among the richest celebrities for making a profit of 28.5 million yuan (about $ 4.6 million). In the edition, Forbes described Luhan as: "In less than five months, attracted the most attention by the Chinese entertainment industry, becoming a new force on the rise." Also in May, Models.com selected Luhan as one of their "Five Faces of China", which were chosen for their innovative talent, creativity and originality. The site describes him as the "reigning king of the idol scene" being one of the most famous in the world, and credits his fame partially to his "army of fans." And that although Luhan is constantly followed by the eyes of millions of fans (especially in social media), he remains humble. In July 2015, during the press conference of "The Great Wall", Matt Damon revealed that he was impressed by Luhan's popularity, saying, "I think the first night we started filming there were about 400 flower arrangements that they came to Luhan all the way down to the hotel."


title: Luhan

text: From 2015 to 2016, Luhan appeared on the cover of more than 20 magazines. He became the first Chinese celebrity to grace the covers of China Elle, GQ Style, China Forbes, Harper's Bazaar and Cosmopolitan. He received the Guinness World Record for having more than 200,000 people buying a limited edition of 20,000 copies of a magazine cover in a second. Luhan won his own wax statue in January 2016, from the Madame Tussaud's Wax Museum in Beijing. In October 2016, Luhan was featured in the "BOF 100" ranking of Business of Fashion, becoming the only Chinese celebrity to reach the ranking and received the title of "Most Anticipated Chinese Star". He also became the first celebrity born after the 1990s to be named the "Artist of the Year" by China Newsweek in December 2016. In December 2016, it was ranked 69th in the Top 100 Most Handsome Faces of 2016 by TC Candler.


title: Luhan

text: In April 2014, endorsed commercial to Chinese cosmetics company KanS. During 2015, he starred in campaigns for the French cosmetics company L'Oréal, as well as endorsing for Baidu Maps OPPO's R7 Plus, Lenovo, KFC and Sony. He became the first Asian artist to endorse for Puma. In December 2015, Luhan was introduced as the official "Star Wars" ambassador to China. He released a single titled "The Inner Force", which is the official Chinese theme song for "". In May 2016, he became a spokesman for Volkswagen. In July of the same year, it became the face of Cartier SA.


title: Luhan

text: On February 5, 2015, S.M. Entertainment released an official statement that stated that Luhan had left the EXO without permission and announced that the company had filed lawsuits against not only Luhan but also the advertisers who used it as a spokesperson. According to Chinese entertainment source Sina Entertainment, a representative of Luhan issued an official statement on February 6 on allegations made in the lawsuit filed against S.M. Entertainment. The representative said: "We are launching this official statement in order to clarify the truth and protect the reputation of Luhan. SM filed a lawsuit for the Shanghai courts, claiming that 'Luhan has been participating in activities in China without permission.' However, according to the rules of jurisdiction, SM has no right to bring a lawsuit over [Luhan's] exclusive contract to a Chinese court. In fact, the courts do not have jurisdiction in Shanghai [on this matter]." He continues: "The results of [our] investigation show that SM sued an advertiser affiliated with Luhan for copyright infringement. This does not correspond with the reasons given for their actions [SM]. The statement that SM issued through the press is misleading. The SM is aware of the reasons behind the filing [of its annulment] of its [Luhan] exclusive contract, but in its statement, the company said that luhan was unethical when leaving the company without any legitimate reason. "To say that he [Luhan] left EXO for no reason other than his own gain "is a malicious attempt to defame Luhan." The statement concludes with: "In order to protect your legitimate rights and interests, we will take legal action against all the full reports Which defame Luhan's reputation."


title: Luhan

text: In July 2016, the recommended court for the reconciliation of the two parties, ruled that Luhan's exclusive contract with S.M. Entertainment would be in effect until 2022, as originally decided. The law firm representative of SM announced through an official press release on July 21, "We can not disclose the details of the agreement, but according to the court of decision and the agreement of the parties involved, the exclusive contract of Luhan Will be effective until 2022, as initially contracted." The press further revealed: "Excluding areas in Korea and Japan, Luhan will entrust jurisdiction rights entirely to S.M. Entertainment, and will share a portion of its revenue with the agency.


title: Luhan

text: In May 2016, it was revealed that Luhan was banned from entering Taiwan for five years. Several Chinese media reported that Luhan went into hot waters after filming for Chinese variety show "Back to School" in Taiwan with a tourist visa. A tourist visa prohibits a person from working in the country in which he or she is visiting. In June of 2016, he was filmed screaming with a taxi driver, after being followed during the filming of a series.


title: Arctic Circle

text: The Arctic Circle is one of the five major circles of latitude (imaginary lines around the Earth) that are often marked on maps of the Earth. This is the parallel of latitude that (in 2000) runs 66° 33' 39" north of the Equator. North of this line, the Sun never rises at the Winter Solstice and never sets at the Summer Solstice.


title: Arctic Circle

text: The Arctic Circle is one way to say what part of the Earth is in the Arctic. The North Pole is in the center of the Arctic Circle.


title: Arctic Circle

text: The position of the Arctic Circle is not fixed. It directly depends on the Earth's axial tilt. The axial tilt fluctuates within a margin of 2° over a 40,000-year period, mostly due to tidal forces from the orbit of the Moon. The tilt is currently diminishing, so the Arctic Circle is drifting northwards at a speed of about per year.


title: Lied

text: The word Lied is used in music to describe the songs that were written by German-speaking composers of classical music. Songs composed by classical composers are sometimes called “art songs”.


title: Lied

text: Lieder are normally songs for a singer with piano accompaniment. They were mostly composed in the 19th century which was the period known as the Romantic period. The most famous composers of Lieder were Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann, Johannes Brahms, Hugo Wolf and Richard Strauss.


title: Lied

text: In German culture the Lied as an art song goes back to the Middle Ages. Walther von der Vogelweide was a 12th-13th century minnesinger who composed and sang songs for important people at the royal court. Like most minnesinger, he was a poet as well as a composer, writing words for his own songs.


title: Lied

text: The Lied in the Romantic period was usually written by two different people: the poet wrote the words and then the composer “set the words” to music. 19th century composers mostly took great care to choose good poetry for their songs. The poetry was often by famous poets such as Goethe and Schiller.


title: Lied

text: Although most Lieder were composed in the Romantic period, the beginnings were there in the Classical music period. Mozart wrote a song called "Das Veilchen" ("The Violet") and Beethoven wrote several songs.


title: Lied

text: It was Schubert who was to be the greatest of all Lieder composers. Schubert wrote over 600 songs. Very often he wrote in a form which had been used by Walther von der Vogelweide: three verses of which the first two have the same music (A-A-B, or as von der Vogelweide called them: “Stollen, Stollen, Abgesang”). Other songs of his are what is known as “durchkomponiert” (“through composed”). Here each verse is different, so that the composer can express the words of each verse with different music. The wonderful thing about Schubert’s songs is the way in which the piano accompaniments help the voice and show the meaning of the words. The piano was a fairly new instrument at the time and could do things that would have been impossible on the harpsichord. One of his earliest songs is the famous "Erlkönig" ("Erlking"). The piano accompaniment is very difficult to play because the right hand has continuous repeated octaves which describe the galloping of the horse in the wild, stormy night. "Grettchen am Spinnrade" is a song which sets a poem from "Goethe's Faust". The young girl is sitting at the spinning-wheel thinking of her lover. The piano has a rippling accompaniment which sounds like the gentle clatter of the spinning-wheel. At the moment when the girl imagines her lover's kiss the piano part comes to a stop, then gradually starts up again as the girl wakes up to the world around her.


title: Lied

text: Composers often composed groups of songs which belong together. These are called a “song cycle” (“Liederkreis” in German). Schubert wrote two long ones: "Die Winterreise" ("The Winter Journey") and "Die schöne Müllerin" ("The Miller’s beautiful daughter"). Both are about love affairs which end sadly.


title: Lied

text: Robert Schumann wrote many fine songs. He was a pianist before he became a composer, so it is not surprising that the piano parts of his songs are at least as important as the voice part. His song-cycle "Dichterliebe" ("Poet’s love") contains some of his best songs. They often have a dream-like atmosphere. He especially liked setting words by the poets Joseph von Eichendorff and Heinrich Heine.


title: Lied

text: Johannes Brahms always made the singer’s part more important than the piano part. He learned a lot by studying Schubert’s songs and wrote some very famous Lieder. One of his best is the humorous "Vergebliches Ständchen" ("Serenade in vain"). His "Four Serious Songs" are very powerful. His famous "Wiegenlied" ("Lullaby"), a tune which everybody knows, is one of his songs.


title: Lied

text: Hugo Wolf is known almost only for his songs. They are very dramatic and he used some unusual harmonies which he had learned by listening to Wagner’s music. Some of Wolf’s songs are very short, he says a lot in a short space of time. His "Italian song book" and "Spanish song book" have some of his best songs.


title: Lied

text: Richard Wagner and Gustav Mahler both wrote wonderful Lieder, although they are mostly with orchestral accompaniment. Mahler’s songs are inspired by folksong. He even uses them in his symphonies. "Das Lied von der Erde" is a song cycle for two singers (mezzo soprano and tenor) and orchestra.


title: Lied

text: Richard Strauss is one of the last great Lieder composers. His "Four last songs" (with orchestra) seem to be saying “goodbye” to a great period of music history.


title: Household Cavalry

text: The British Household Cavalry, is an army corps (pronounced "core") of two regiments of soldiers. Cavalry regiments, until the end of World War I, were always "mounted" on horses. Nowadays "cavalry regiments" are mounted on tanks. The British Household Cavalry is unusual because half of them are also still mounted on horses. The two Regiments of Household Cavalry, the Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment, which parades with horses and the Household Cavalry Regiment, which has light armoured vehicles, are manned by equal numbers of soldiers from The Life Guards and The Blues and Royals both of which are part of the "Household Division". In Britain the "Household Division" has the special privilege of guarding the Sovereign and the Royal Household. The term "Household Division" is used in all Commonwealth countries.


title: Household Cavalry

text: In many other countries there are similar highly-trained army corps which guard the head of state and have ceremonial duties as well as operational military roles. Regiments of this sort can be found in Australia, Brunei, Belgium, Canada, Denmark and many other countries. But when speaking in English of the "Household Cavalry", the term generally refers to the "British Household Cavalry".


title: Household Cavalry

text: In Britain there are seven regiments in the Household Division. They are generally referred to as "The Guards". Five of the Guards regiments are "infantry", which means that they are "foot soldiers" and are Foot Guards, and the senior two regiments are "cavalry" meaning they are first and foremost armoured soldiers who also have a ceremonial role "mounted" on horses for ceremonial duty.


title: Household Cavalry

text: The British Household Cavalry is made of two regiments: The Life Guards and The Blues and Royals. They are the senior regular regiments in the British Army, with traditions dating from 1660. The "Horse Guards", (as they are known, for short), have their barracks in Hyde Park Barracks in Knightsbridge in London and perform their principal duty of forming daily The Queen's Life Guard at a building in London which was formerly the headquarters of the British Army. There are always mounted guards on duty ouside the "Horse Guards" building in front of which lies the famous Horse Guards Parade where The Queen's Birthday Parade takes place. There, the daily ceremony of the "Changing of The Queen's Life Guard" takes place. (This is a different Changing of the Guard to the one at Buckingham Palace.)


title: Household Cavalry

text: The Colonel-in-Chief of both Regiments of Household Cavalry is Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. The Colonel of The Life Guards is General Lord Guthrie of Craigiebank GCB, LVO, OBE. The Colonel of The Blues and Royals is Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal KG, KT, GCVO, QSO.


title: Household Cavalry

text: The ceremonial uniform of the Household Cavalry has two features that are not often seen on other soldiers. They wear a shiny Silver helmet With Brass and Silver fittings, with a long "plume" of horse hair hanging from the top. When on "mounted guard" duty they also wear a "cuirasse" (metal chest armour). The two regiments can be told apart by the colour of their jacket (which is called a "tunic") and by the "plumes" on their helmets. The Life Guards wear red tunics with white plumes while The Blues and Royals wear blue tunics and have red plumes to their helmets. While on guard, the soldiers carry swords. When mounted on horses, the soldiers wear white riding-breeches, known as buckskins, and tall black winged leather boots, which are called jack boots, having been "jacked" or reinforced against sword blows (Fr. Jaque: chainmail).


title: Household Cavalry

text: The "farrier" assists the Regimental Veterinary Officer in of taking care of the horses. When the farrier is mounted on parade, he carries the traditional symbol of an axe. In battle, one of the farrier's jobs was to kill horses that were badly injured. They also had to cut off one of the hooves so that there was proof of the horse's death so that a new one could be purchased. The horses are all black three quareter bred Irish draught horses except for the trumpeters' horses, which are grey, and the drumhorses which are large draught horses. They are almost invariably coloured horses, Shires or Clydesdales and are "piebald" (black and white), "skewbald" (brown and white) or roan. The drumhorses each carry two solid silver kettle drums on parade.


title: Household Cavalry

text: The trumpeter, whose job is to relay messages by trumpet, can be told apart because he does not wear a cuirrass, and has a grey (white) horse. On "State occasions" when The Queen or another member of the Royal Family is present, the bands of The Household Cavalry wear gold coats designed at the time of King Charles II made of gold braid and dark blue velvet jockey hats. Each regiment has its own Quick March and Slow March. They both use a Scottish tune the "Keel Row" for a ceremonial "trot past".


title: Household Cavalry

text: The Household Cavalry Regiment is an armoured reconnaissance regiment based in Windsor. Most Household Cavalry soldiers begin their careers on mounted duty before being posted, normally after about two years at ceremonial duty, to the reconnaissance regiment, which has Scimitar light tanks, where they are trained in driving, gunnery ands signals. This regiment has deployed more than almost any other in the British Army to operations in Bosnia, Kosovo, Iraq and Afghanistan. Gallantry medals awarded to soldiers of the Household Cavalry since 2003 include: a George Cross (GC) to Trooper Christopher Finney of The Blues and Royals, a Conspicuous Gallantry Cross (CGC) and a Military Cross (MC) to Staff Corporal Michael Flynn of The Blues and Royals (making him the most decorated serviceman in the British Army), a CGC to Lance Corporal of Horse Andrew Radford, a Distinguished Service Order to Major Richard Taylor of The Life Guards, and MCs to Captain Paddy Williams of The Blues and Royals and to Staff Corporal Shaun Fry of The Life Guards. All these were awarded on operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.


title: Bashar al-Assad

text: Bashar al-Assad (born 11 September 1965) is the president of Syria and the head of the Ba'ath Party in Syria. Assad has held these positions since the death of his father Hafez al-Assad (1930-2000), who had ruled Syria since 1971.


title: Bashar al-Assad

text: Bashar al-Assad was elected in 2000, and re-elected in 2007. He was unopposed each time because no-one else was allowed to stand against him.


title: Bashar al-Assad

text: Assad was born on 11 September 1965 in Damascus, Syria to Hafez al-Assad and Anisa Makhlouf. He had two brothers, Bassel al-Assad and Shabbih Maher al-Assad, and one sister, Bushra al-Assad. Bashar was quiet and reserved and was not interested in politics or the military.


title: Bashar al-Assad

text: Assad studied medicine at the University of Damascus and graduated in 1988. He then studied ophthalmology at a military hospital, and in 1992 studied at the Western Eye Hospital in London.


title: Bashar al-Assad

text: His father wanted Assad's elder brother Bassel to succeed him as leader of Syria. Bassel died in a car accident in 1994, and Assad returned home to Syria.


title: Bashar al-Assad

text: He went to a military academy at Homs, and became a colonel after only five years. He worked as an adviser to his father.


title: Bashar al-Assad

text: When Bashar's father died, the government changed the constitution. Under Syrian law the president had to be at least 40 years old. With the law changed, Assad was able to be elected President of Syria in June 2000. He was also made commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and leader of the Ba'ath Party which has ruled Syria since 1961.


title: Bashar al-Assad

text: Large protests began in January 2011. The protesters wanted political reforms, an end to the state of emergency (which had been in place since 1963), and the return of civil rights. The protests in March were the largest to take place, and the government used violence against the protestors.


title: Bashar al-Assad

text: The United States placed sanctions against the Assad government in April 2011. Canada and the European Union also placed sanctions against the government in May 2011.


title: Bashar al-Assad

text: In June 2011, Assad promised reform, a new parliarmentary election, and more freedoms. He also urged refugees to return to Syria.


title: Bashar al-Assad

text: In January 2012, Reuters claimed that over 5,000 civilians and protesters (including militants) had been killed by the Syrian army, security agents and militia, while 1,100 people had been killed by terrorists.


title: Bashar al-Assad

text: In January 2012, Assad gave a speech in which he claimed that the uprising was being engineered by foreign countries. He said that a new referendum could be held in March.


title: Bashar al-Assad

text: The referendum was held in February 2012. The referendum would change the term limits of future Syrian presidents. It passed with 90% support. The U.S. and Turkey did not accept the results. The European Union pushed new sanctions on the government.


title: Bashar al-Assad

text: In June 2012, the ICRC announced that Syria was in a civil war. The national death toll on both sides reached 20,000.


title: Bashar al-Assad

text: In 2014 and 2015, he began to lose some support from the Alawite community. This was because an unequal number of soldiers killed in the conflict were Alawites.


title: Bashar al-Assad

text: In September 2015, Russia got involved in the Syrian Civil War. President of Russia Vladimir Putin said that Russia's goal in Syria is to "stabilis[e] the legitimate power in Syria and creat[e] the conditions for political compromise." In November 2015, Assad said that the two months of Russian intervention had accomplished more than the U.S.-led coalition had done in a year.


title: Bashar al-Assad

text: After the election of Donald Trump, the U.S. no longer wished to remove Assad from power. That changed after the Khan Shaykhun chemical attack. Donald Trump ordered missile strikes to hit a Syrian airbase. Assad responded by saying that the United States's behaviour was an "unjust and arrogant aggression." He also said that the Syrian army had given up all its chemical weapons in 2013. He claimed that the chemical attack was a lie and was used to justify a U.S. airstrike.


title: Bashar al-Assad

text: Assad is married to Asma al-Akhras. Together, they have three children; Hafez, Jr., Zein, and Karim al-Assad.


title: Bashar al-Assad

text: Influenced by his western education and urban upbringing, Bashar initially seemed eager to implement a cultural revolution in Syria.


title: Wonders of the World

text: The Seven Wonders of the World (or the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World) is a widely-known list of seven great buildings or structures from the classical time period.


title: Wonders of the World

text: Antipater of Sidon and Philon of Byzantium. This explains why it only lists monuments of the Mediterranean world. There are other slightly different versions: this is the most usual one.


title: Wonders of the World

text: Out of those structures only the Great Pyramid still exists in the 21st century. Most of the wonders were built by the Greeks. Earlier versions listed the Walls of Babylon and the Palace of Cyrus the Great.


title: Wonders of the World

text: There is no single list of seven natural wonders of the world. One of the many lists was compiled by CNN:


title: Wonders of the World

text: New7Wonders of the World was an idea to choose new wonders of the world from a selection of 200 existing monuments. The mission began in 2001 and ended in 2007 with the announcement of the winners. The popularity poll was led by Canadian-Swiss Bernard Weber and organized by the New7Wonders Foundation in Zürich, Switzerland. Voting took place through the Internet or by telephone.


title: Wonders of the World

text: The program caused different reactions from countries and organisations. Some countries praised their finalist and tried to get more people to vote for it. Others criticized the contest or did not think it was very important.


title: Highway

text: Highway is a word used to describe roads made for travel by the public between important places, such as cities, towns and landmarks. The word highway can also be different between countries, and can mean a road, freeway, superhighway, autoroute, autobahn, parkway, expressway, autostrasse, autostrada, byway, or motorway.


title: Highway

text: Highways come in many different designs. They can include many lanes of traffic, a median (strip of lane or barrier) between lanes of opposing traffic, and access control (ramps and bridges). Highways can also be as simple as a two-lane road.


title: Highway

text: In many countries, these roads are numbered to easily tell them apart. These numbered highways are usually called routes. The United States includes a system called the Interstate Highway system, controlled by AASHTO, where major north/south routes are odd numbered and east/west are even numbered. In Canada, routes that are in the 400s are freeways. In China, types of routes are separated by the first letter of the route; "G" for national road, "S" for provincial road and "Y" for rural roads.


title: Highway

text: Highways are sometimes criticised because of the pollution cars make when driving highways. When too many cars travel along a highway, traffic slows down; this is known as a traffic jam. Public transportation (such as buses) and special lanes for those who have a given number of people in a car are used to help stop these problems.


title: Mithankot

text: Mithankot (Urdu: مِٹهن كوٹ) is a city in southern Punjab, Pakistan. Mithankot is located on the right (west) bank of the Indus River, only a short distance downstream from its junction with Panjnad River.


title: Triathlon

text: A triathlon is a sport that consists of three different events one after another without resting in between. Usually, they are swimming, cycling, and running. Triathlon has been in the Olympic Games since 2000. One of the hardest and most famous triathlons is the Ironman Triathlon, which involves swimming two miles, biking a hundred miles, and then running a marathon.


title: Vanessa Hudgens

text: Vanessa Anne Hudgens (born December 14, 1988) is an American actress and singer. She is most well known for starring in "High School Musical" and "High School Musical 2" on Disney Channel. She has won many awards and been nominated since "High School Musical". She has been on many TV shows and movies. She began acting and singing at an early age. She is now engaged with her long time boyfriend TITO, who is a professional musician, performer & actor.


title: Vanessa Hudgens

text: Hudgens was born in Salinas, California, and has lived with her parents along the West Coast, from Oregon to Southern California. Her mother, Gina (née Guangco), held a succession of office jobs, and her father, Gregory Hudgens, was a firefighter. She has a younger sister, Stella Hudgens, who is also an actress. She was raised as a Roman Catholic. Her father is of Irish and Native American ancestry, and her mother, a native of Manila, Philippines, is of Spanish-Chinese-Filipino ancestry. All of her grandparents were musicians.


title: Shibari

text: Shibari is a Japanese type of bondage. Also there is such term as "kinbaku" that means tight binding. Shibari is the art of restricting the mobility of the human body with the help of thin ropes. These thin ropes are known as "asanawa".


title: Exponent

text: In mathematics, an exponent indicates how many copies of a number (known as the base) is multiplied together.


title: Exponent

text: For example, in the number formula_1, 5 is the base and 4 is the exponent. This can be read as "5 to the power of 4". Therefore, in this example, four copies of 5 are multiplied together, which means that formula_2.


title: Exponent

text: In general, given two numbers formula_3 and formula_4, the number formula_5 can be read as "formula_3 raised to the power of formula_4" or "formula_3 to the formula_4th power", where formula_4 is the exponent.


title: Exponent

text: Bases raised to the power of two, formula_11, can be read the base "squared", because the area of a square with a side length of x is formula_12.


title: Exponent

text: Similarly, bases raised to the power of three, formula_13, can be called the base "cubed", because the area of a cube with a side length of x is formula_14.


title: Exponent

text: Exponents are used in algebra. Exponentiation is a way of shortening the process/equation of repeatedly multiplying many copies of a number.


title: Exponent

text: An exponent is a number or symbol, placed above and to the right of the expression to which it applies, that indicates the number of times the expression is used as a factor. For example. the exponent "x" in formula_15 indicates x copies of formula_16 are multiplied together.


title: Exponent

text: Proof - When multiplying a base term by two different exponents formula_18, there are "m" number of "a'"s and "n" number of "a"'s.


title: Exponent

text: For example, formula_21. This is true because at first, we had 2 threes times 4 threes which, when multiplied together, gives us 3 multiplied by itself 6 times, or 4+2 times.


title: Exponent

text: In fact, this property holds when m < n as well, but in that case, we get negative exponents instead. When m < n, the format of the problem becomes formula_29.


title: Exponent

text: A negative exponent is the reciprocal of a number with a positive exponent which can be mathematically represented as formula_37 In the same way that regular exponents are considered repeated multiplication, negative exponents can be considered repeated division.


title: Exponent

text: Negative exponents can also be different from -1. In this case the negative exponent can be separated from the positive exponent, so formula_38


title: Exponent

text: The formula for a negative exponent in terms of a whole number exponent is formula_39 There are more than one ways to prove this. The first proof involves a pattern form. It is not always a good idea to use patterns because in cases like exponents they may not be complete patterns for every case, but the proof still holds.


title: Exponent

text: A complex number can also be taken to the power of another complex number. The relationship between imaginary numbers and trigonometry, which produces the multiplication formula


title: Exponent

text: This formula basically states that the multiplication of complex numbers is related to addition of angles.


title: Exponent

text: There are some relationships between functions and “infinite degree polynomials”, that are called series representations of the functions. The important series representations that we will focus on are:


title: Exponent

text: From these representations, you should notice that the terms of the sine and cosine series combine, along with some sign changes, to make the exponential series. By introducing the number i into the equation, we get


title: Exponent

text: There are some cases where we are raising other numbers to the power i. For example, we can use the following relationship formula_60. Here using base 2 and exponent i, we get


title: Exponent

text: By the relationship we found between trigonometry and complex exponent, we can rewrite the equation in complex exponential form, formula_66.


title: Exponent

text: The real and imaginary parts of the exponent can be simplified separately to obtain to result formula_69


title: Exponent

text: Because there are many ways to describe the angle P, this formula can give many answers. If we allow the variable P to vary by multiples of formula_70, we get the final result


title: Berkshire Hathaway

text: Berkshire Hathaway is an investment company mostly owned and controlled by Warren Buffett. It owns many different companies. It owns several companies completely, and holds large portions of other companies. It has 27,000 shareholders, and Bill Gates is one of the company's directors.


title: Berkshire Hathaway

text: It takes its name from a textile mill that was started in 1839, bought by Buffett in 1964, and closed in 1985.


title: Berkshire Hathaway

text: Since Berkshire Hathaway's stock has gained a lot of value and never split, a single share of "A stock" is now worth over $400,000. Because of this, there is a "B" stock that sells for a small fraction of the "A stock".


title: Tuba

text: The tuba is the biggest of all the brass musical instruments. They are the newest part of the symphony orchestra, first showing up in the mid-19th century. Most orchestras have a tuba now. The standard tuba has about 16 feet of tubes.


title: Tuba

text: Tubas are normally in the key of F, E"b", CC, or BB"b" and can have 3 to 6 valves. Because they are so big, some tubas have a "compensating system". This means a fourth, fifth or sixth valve is used to make the instrument sound more in tune - especially the lowest notes.


title: Tuba

text: It takes a lot of breath to play the tuba. It is one of the loudest instruments in the orchestra but can also play very quietly.


title: Tuba

text: The tuba usually plays the bass (lowest sounding) part even though it can play relatively high as well.


title: Tuba

text: The tuba is used in all sorts of music and can be found in orchestras, wind bands, brass bands, jazz groups, pop groups, brass ensembles and even in tuba quartets (in groups of 4).


title: Jungle

text: The jungle is a place in a rainforest where the forest floor is crowded with plants. Like other rainy places, they have many rivers or streams. Scientists think that more types of animals and plants live in the jungles than everywhere else. When people talk about jungles, they sometimes mean the whole rainforest.


title: Microwave

text: A microwave is a high-frequency radio wave. They are broadly defined as having a wavelength between 1 millimeter and 1 meter, or narrowly between 3 mm and 300 mm. Microwaves have many uses including radar, radio astronomy, and to heat food in a microwave oven. Unlike longer radio waves, they do not bend around land obstacles but go in line of sight. Still, they are much used for communication because they can have a high bandwidth. Almost all spacecraft communicate by microwave radio.


title: Microwave

text: When something moves, it almost always has a wave pattern to its movement - this can be seen in water most easily, in ripples and ocean waves. A very common type of wave in the universe is electromagnetic waves. Light is an example of an electromagnetic wave, and so is a microwave, for example the cosmic microwave background radiation. We can only see electromagnetic radiation in the visible light spectrum (which is why it's called the visible light spectrum), so microwaves are invisible.


title: Microwave

text: Microwaves were among the first radio waves discovered, in the late 19th century, by Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.


title: Microwave

text: Microwave ovens work because microwaves make polar molecules (molecules that act like tiny magnets) all face the same direction - to visualize it, imagine that the microwave oven is telling all of the molecules to face left, then right. Heat is just the movement of molecules, so when the molecules do a great amount of moving, they are hot.


title: Microwave

text: Like other heat sources, microwave radiation can cause burns. They can go through skin and muscles. If vital organs are burned, the burns can kill. This is why a microwave oven does not work with the door open.


title: Nicola Peltz

text: Nicola Peltz (born January 9, 1995) is an American actress. She played Katara in the 2010 movie "The Last Airbender", directed by M. Night Shyamalan.


title: Nicola Peltz

text: Peltz was born in Westchester County, New York, the daughter of billionaire businessman Nelson Peltz. She has four older brothers, two younger brothers, and a sister. When she was younger, she attended Rye Country Day School in Rye, New York and from there went to Windward School in White Plains, New York. Her most recent school is the Professional Children's School in Manhattan, New York.


title: Nicola Peltz

text: She played Katara in the movie "The Last Airbender". She was also in the 2006 movie "Deck the Halls", playing Mackenzie, and "Harold" in 2008, where she was cast as Becki. She made a brief appearance in Miley Cyrus's "7 Things" music video. On 27 March 2010, she made an appearance at the Kids Choice Awards 2010 on Nickelodeon, and also appeared at the 2010 MTV Movie Awards, along with "The Last Airbender" co-star Jackson Rathbone, to present a trailer for "The Last Airbender".


title: Hocus Pocus (movie)

text: Hocus Pocus is a 1993 American family fantasy horror comedy movie. It was directed by Kenny Ortega. It stars Bette Midler, Sarah Jessica Parker and Kathy Najimy. The movie is about a family of witches, known as the Sanderson Sisters. They were resurrected by a teenager named Max (Omri Katz) along with his sister Dani (Thora Birch) and girlfriend Allison (Vinessa Shaw). The movie received negative reviews from movie critics. However, it performed well in theaters where it grossed $39,514,713. After the movie was released on home video, it received a cult following.


title: Hocus Pocus (movie)

text: Three sisters, who are witches, are sentenced to death in the 17th century. They returned 300 years later because of a curse by Winifred Sanderson (Bette Midler). Three kids try using a chant to stop them from scaring modern-day Salem, Massachusetts on Halloween. They plan to turn immortal with the lives of modern day trick-or-treaters.


title: Hocus Pocus (movie)

text: "Hocus Pocus" was released in the United States and Canada on July 16, 1993. It opened in fourth place with $8.1 million. The movie grossed $5.2 million in its second week. The movie fell out of the top ten, ending its domestic box office run with $39.5 million. The film was released to foreign markets in October 1994.


title: Hocus Pocus (movie)

text: The movie was released to VHS in North America on January 5, 1994. Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection release on April 2, 1996. After part of the Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection release on August 2, 2000 and later to DVD on June 4, 2002. Someone as the VHS and DVD release on September 2, 2003 in the United States in THX. It continues to show strong annual sales. It ranks in more than $1 million in DVD sales each October. On September 4, 2012 "Hocus Pocus" was released by Disney on Blu-ray for the first time.


title: Political spectrum

text: A political spectrum is a way to classify different political positions in relation to others. These positions sit upon one or more geometric axes that represent independent political dimensions.


title: Standard of living

text: Standard of living usually refers to the economic level of an individual, family, or nation. People can measure it by the value of the goods and services produced or used by the individual, family, or nation in a period of time.


title: Standard of living

text: Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights affirms a good standard of living as a human right with enough food, clothing, housing, social security and aid when having difficult situation, such as joblessness, illness, disability, losing one's partner, and being old. Article 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights affirms this as well.


title: Standard of living

text: Some measures try to take non-material things into account when trying to understand how people live. In an Economist study in 2005 Ireland was rated highest in quality of living, while Zimbabwe was seen as having one of the worst quality of life rates in the world.


title: Phil McGraw

text: Phillip Calvin McGraw (born September 1, 1950), best known as Dr. Phil, is an American television personality, psychologist and author. He is the host of the psychology-themed television show "Dr. Phil". He became a celebrity after appearances on "The Oprah Winfrey Show".


title: Phil McGraw

text: McGraw was born in Vinita, Oklahoma. He is the son of Jerry Stevens and Joe McGraw. He grew up with two older sisters, Deana and Donna, and younger sister, Brenda. They lived in the oil fields of North Texas. His father was an equipment supplier there. During McGraw's childhood, his family moved so his father could become a psychologist. McGraw attended Shawnee Mission North High School in Mission, Kansas. In 1968, he was awarded a football scholarship to the University of Tulsa. He played middle linebacker. His coach was Glenn Dobbs. Glenn Dobbs is the father of Gary Dobbs. Gary Dobbs went into business with McGraw. On November 23, 1968, McGraw's team lost to the University of Houston 100-6. This is one of the most badly played games in college football history.


title: Phil McGraw

text: After that season, McGraw moved to Midwestern State University in Wichita Falls, Texas. He graduated in 1975 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology. He next got a Master's degree in experimental psychology in 1976. He then got a Ph.D in clinical psychology in 1979 at the University of North Texas. At the University of North Texas, his dissertation was titled "Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Psychological Intervention."


title: Phil McGraw

text: After obtaining his Ph.D., McGraw joined his father, Dr. Joe McGraw, in Wichita Falls, Texas, where the elder McGraw had a private psychology practice.


title: Phil McGraw

text: In 1983, McGraw and his father joined Thelma Box, a successful Texas businesswoman, in presenting "Pathways" seminars, "an experience-based training which allows individuals to achieve and create their own results."


title: Phil McGraw

text: In 1990, McGraw joined lawyer Gary Dobbs in co-founding Courtroom Sciences Inc. (CSI), a trial consulting firm through which McGraw later came into contact with Oprah Winfrey. After some time, CSI became a profitable enterprise. It advising Fortune 500 companies and injured plaintiffs about achieving settlements. McGraw is no longer an officer or director of the company. After starting CSI, McGraw ceased the practice of psychology.


title: Phil McGraw

text: In 1995, Oprah Winfrey hired McGraw's legal consulting firm CSI to prepare her for the Amarillo Texas beef trial. Winfrey was so impressed with McGraw that she thanked him for her victory in that case, which ended in 1998. Soon after, she invited him to appear on her show. His appearance proved so successful that he began appearing weekly as a "Relationship and Life Strategy Expert" on Tuesdays starting in April 1998.


title: Phil McGraw

text: The next year, McGraw published his first best-selling book, "Life Strategies", some of which was taken from the "Pathways" seminar. In the next four years, McGraw published three additional best-selling relationship books, along with workbooks to complement them.


title: Phil McGraw

text: As of September 2002, McGraw formed Peteski Productions and launched his own syndicated daily television show, "Dr. Phil", produced by Winfrey's Harpo Studios. The format is an advice show, where he tackles a different topic on each show, offering advice for his guests' troubles.


title: Phil McGraw

text: In 2003 Dr Phil started selling weight loss products. They were called, "Shape It Up, Woo, Woo!" McGraw said science showed they could help users control their weight. Many people criticized this and the Federal Trade Commission investigated. McGraw stopped selling weight loss products in March 2004 In October 2005, several people who used McGraw's products said they would file a class action lawsuit against him because although the supplements cost $120 per month they did not cause weight loss. McGraw paid $10.5 million in September 2006 to stop the lawsuit.


title: Watermill

text: A watermill is an engine that uses a water wheel or turbine to drive a mechanical process such as flour or lumber production, or metal shaping (rolling, grinding or wire drawing). A watermill that only generates electricity is more usually called a hydroelectric plant.


title: Watermill

text: In 31 AD, a Chinese engineer named Du Shi (Wade-Giles: Tu Shih) ""invented the first water-powered bellows. This was a complicated machine with gears, axles, and levers that was powered by a waterwheel",". This invention aided the forging of cast iron smelted from the blast furnace. More extensive descriptions appear in literature of the 5th century.


title: Watermill

text: The ancient Greeks and Romans used the technology. In the 1st century BC, the Greek epigrammatist "Antipater of Thessalonica" was the first to make a reference to the waterwheel. He praised it for its use in grinding grain and the reduction of human labor.


title: Watermill

text: The Romans used both fixed and floating water wheels and introduced water power to other countries of the Roman Empire. So-called 'Greek Mills' used water wheels with a vertically mounted shaft. A "Roman Mill" features a horizontally-mounted shaft. Greek style mills are the older and simpler of the two designs, but only operate well with high water velocities and with small diameter millstones. Roman style mills are more complicated as they require gears transmit the power from a shaft with a horizontal axis to one with a vertical axis. An example of a Roman era watermill would be the early 4th century site at Barbegal in southern France, where 16 overshot waterwheels were used to power an enormous flour mill.


title: Watermill

text: In a 2005 survey the scholar Adam Lucas identified the following first appearances of various industrial mill types in Western Europe. Noticeable is the preeminent role of France in the introduction of new innovative uses of waterpower.


title: Watermill

text: Typically, water is diverted from a river or impoundment or mill pond to a turbine or water wheel, along a channel or pipe (variously known as a flume, head race, mill race, leat, leet, lade (Scots) or penstock). The force of the water's movement drives the blades of a wheel or turbine, which in turn rotates an axle that drives the mill's other machinery. Water leaving the wheel or turbine is drained through a tail race, but this channel may also be the head race of yet another wheel, turbine or mill. The passage of water is controlled by sluice gates that allow maintenance and some measure of flood control; large mill complexes may have dozens of sluices controlling complicated interconnected races that feed multiple buildings and industrial processes.


title: Watermill

text: Watermills can be divided into two kinds, one with a horizontal waterwheel on a vertical axle, and the other with a vertical wheel on a horizontal axle. The oldest of these were horizontal mills in which the force of the water, striking a simple paddle wheel set horizontally in line with the flow turned a runner stone balanced on the rynd which is atop a shaft leading directly up from the wheel. The bedstone does not turn. The problem with this type of mill arose from the lack of gearing; the speed of the water directly set the maximum speed of the runner stone which, in turn, set the rate of milling.


title: Guns N' Roses

text: Guns N' Roses is a popular American hard rock band. The band was formed in Los Angeles, California, USA. The five original members of the band were Axl Rose (lead vocals), Slash (lead guitar, backing vocals), Izzy Stradlin (rhythm guitar, backing vocals), Duff McKagan (bass, backing vocals), and Steven Adler (drums). The band's most known songs are "Welcome to the Jungle", "Paradise City", "Sweet Child O'Mine", "Patience", "Live and Let Die", "November Rain", "Knockin' on Heaven's Door", "Don't Cry", and "Civil War".


title: Guns N' Roses

text: The music they made was different from the rock music that was popular in the 1980s. They played harder rock music. It was also closer to traditional rock. Because of this, many music fans became interested in Guns N'Roses. Guns N'Roses was created in Los Angeles in June, 1985. By singer W. Axl Rose, guitarists Tracii Guns and Izzy Stradlin, bassist Ole Beich and drummer Rob Gardner. Axl's old band was named Hollywood Rose, and Tracii's old band was named L.A. Guns. They joined the two names and got the name Guns N' Roses.


title: Guns N' Roses

text: In 1985, Guns N' Roses went to Seattle to perform. Tracii Guns and Rob Gardner couldn't attend the show. Axl called guitarist Slash and drummer Steven Adler, who were his friends. He asked them for help. They agreed, and became permanent members. On the way back to Los Angeles, the five members wrote the lyrics for 'Welcome to the Jungle' which became one of their most famous songs. Then in 1990, drummer Steven Adler got fired from the band because of his drug abuse. He was replaced by The Cult drummer Matt Sorum.


title: Guns N' Roses

text: On November 1991, Gilby Clarke replaced Izzy on rhythm guitar. Gilby then left the band on October 1994 and was replaced by Axl's childhood friend Paul "Huge" Tobias.


title: Guns N' Roses

text: On August 1997, Nine Inch Nails' Robin Finck replaced Slash on lead guitar, while Duff also left Guns N' Roses.


title: Guns N' Roses

text: In 1998, Josh Freese replaced Matt on drums on March, The Replacements' Tommy Stinson replaced Duff on bass on May, while Chris Pitman joined the band as a second keyboardist alongside Dizzy on October.


title: Guns N' Roses

text: In 2000, Buckethead and Bryan "Brain" Mantia joined the band on March, with Buckethead replacing Robin, Brain replacing Josh. Robin then rejoined Guns N' Roses on October.


title: Guns N' Roses

text: On July 2002, Richard Fortus (who was previously member of Love Spit Love and The Psychedelic Furs) joined Guns N' Roses, replacing Paul.


title: Guns N' Roses

text: Slash, Duff and Matt were in Velvet Revolver with Stone Temple Pilots frontman Scott Weiland and Wasted Youth guitarist Dave Kushner, until Scott died.


title: Guns N' Roses

text: On March 2009, Sixx:A.M.'s DJ Ashba joined Guns N' Roses, replacing Robin who returned to Nine Inch Nails.


title: Guns N' Roses

text: On June 2014, Tommy and Bumblefoot left Guns N' Roses. Bumblefoot now became a member of Art of Anarchy and Sons of Apollo.


title: Guns N' Roses

text: Since parting ways with the "Appetite for Destruction" lineup, Axl has remained a constant member and many lineups have changed since. The last studio album the band released was "Chinese Democracy", which had been delayed for over 10 years, to mixed reactions. In 2016, Slash and Duff rejoined the band, along with the band's first female member, , who replaced Chris.


title: Domitian

text: Domitian (Titus Flavius Domitianus, 24 October 51 – 18 September 96) was a Roman emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death in AD 96.


title: Domitian

text: Domitian was the last emperor of the Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 and 96, This included the reigns of Domitian's father Vespasian (69–79), his elder brother Titus (79–81), and that of Domitian himself.


title: Domitian

text: When Titus died (he was struck down by a fatal illness in 81), the next day Domitian was declared emperor by the Praetorian Guard. This started a reign which lasted fifteen years – longer than any man who ruled since Tiberius.


title: Domitian

text: As emperor, Domitian strengthened the economy by revaluing the Roman coinage. He expanded the border defenses of the empire, and started a massive building program to restore the damaged city of Rome.


title: Domitian

text: Significant wars were fought in Britain, where his general Agricola attempted to conquer Scotland, and in Dacia, where Domitian was unable to win a decisive victory against king Decebalus.


title: Domitian

text: Domitian's rule was totalitarian. He saw himself as the new Augustus, as an enlightened despot destined to guide the Roman Empire into a new age. Religious, military, and cultural propaganda fostered a cult of personality. By nominating himself perpetual censor, he sought to control public and private morals. As a consequence, Domitian was popular with the people and army but considered a tyrant by members of the Roman Senate.


title: Domitian

text: Domitian's reign came to an end in 96 when he was assassinated by court officials. The same day, he was succeeded by his advisor Nerva. After his death, Domitian's memory was condemned to oblivion by the Roman Senate, while senatorial authors such as Tacitus, Pliny the Younger and Suetonius published histories showing Domitian as a cruel and paranoid tyrant.


title: Domitian

text: Modern history has rejected these views. Now we see Domitian as a ruthless but efficient autocrat, whose cultural, economic and political program provided the foundation of the peaceful second century.


title: Conquistador

text: A Conquistador (English: "Conqueror"; : "Conquistadores", or "Conquistadors") was a Spanish and Portugese soldier, explorer and adventurer. The "Conquistadors" invaded and conquered much of the Americas and the Philippines Islands and other islands in Asia Pacific. Many of them were "hidalgos" (noblemen of low category).


title: Conquistador

text: Their conquests brought these lands under Spanish colonial rule between the 15th and 17th centuries, starting with the 1492 settlement by Christopher Columbus in what is now the Bahamas. They created what is now called Latin America.


title: Conquistador

text: The first successful conquistador was Hernán Cortés. Between 1520 and 1521, Cortés and the native enemies of the Aztecs, conquered the mighty Aztec Empire. Present day Mexico came under the dominion of the Spanish Empire, as New Spain. Francisco Pizarro later found and conquered the similarly large Inca Empire.


title: Hanoi

text: Hanoi () is the capital of Vietnam. It is also the second most populated city in the country. In 2004, about 3,083,800 people lived in the city. It has been the capital of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) since 1945 and the capital of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (all of Vietnam) since 1976. Before that, it was the capital of the country now called Vietnam for most of the time from at least the 11th century until 1802. The city is on the right of the Red River, and the city's name translates to English as "inside the river". Things made there include machine tools, plywood, textiles, chemicals and handicrafts. Hanoi is at 21°2' North, 105°51' East, 1,760 km north of Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon). Popular tourist sites in the city include Ho Chi Minh's Mausoleum, Hoa Lo Prison, and the Palace of Literature. Nearby Hanoi is also where pho, Vietnamese beef noodle soup, was first created.


title: Firewall (networking)

text: In terms of computer security, a firewall is a piece of software. This software monitors the network traffic between the inside and outside. The firewall is placed between the network that is to be protected (trusted) and the outside network (less trusted) aka WAN or Internet. A firewall has a set of rules which are applied to each packet. The rules decide if a packet can pass, or whether it is discarded.When a large network needs to be protected, the firewall software often runs on a computer that does nothing else.


title: Firewall (networking)

text: Data travels on the internet in small pieces; these are called packets. Each packet has certain metadata attached, like where it is coming from, and where it should be sent to. The easiest thing to do is to look at the metadata. Based on rules, certain packets are then dropped or rejected. All firewalls can do this. It is done at the network layer.


title: Firewall (networking)

text: In addition to the simple packet filtering (above) this kind of firewall also keeps track of connections. A packet can be the start of a new connection, or it can be part of an existing connection. If it is neither of the two, it is probably useless and can be dropped.


title: Firewall (networking)

text: Application-layer firewalls do not just look at the metadata; they also look at the actual data transported. They know how certain protocols work, for example FTP or HTTP. They can then look if the data that is in the packet is valid (for that protocol). If it is not, it can be dropped.


title: Firewall (networking)

text: Firewalls can provide a secure connection between two networks. This is called "tunnellng". The data may be encrypted. It is decrypted at the other end. Since the firewalls are doing this, the rest of the network is unaware of it. An alternative is to provide a secure access (to the corporate network).


title: Firewall (networking)

text: Very often, firewalls can translate IP addresses. That way, many computers can share a few public IP addresses. The firewall translates between the public and the private IP addresses.


title: Firewall (networking)

text: Firewalls can protect against some problems (viruses and attacks) that come from the internet. They cannot protect against viruses, that come from infected media (like an infected office document on an USB flash drive).


title: Hugh Hefner

text: Hugh Marston Hefner (April 9, 1926 – September 27, 2017) was the founder of "Playboy Magazine" and its Editor-in-Chief.


title: Hugh Hefner

text: Hefner was born into a Methodist family, to Glenn Hefner, an accountant, and Grace (Swanson) Hefner, a teacher, on April 9, 1926 in Chicago, Illinois. He was raised in Woodlawn, Chicago. Hefner served in the US Army (1944 - 1946). He attended the Art Institute of Chicago (1946), the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, earning a BA in psychology (1949), and Northwestern University, 1949.


title: Hugh Hefner

text: Hefner married Mildred Williams (June 25, 1949 - 1959, divorced); Kimberley Conrad (July 1, 1989 - September 2009, divorced); and Crystal Harris (December 31, 2012 - 2017, his death).


title: Hugh Hefner

text: Hefner has several children. With Mildred, he has David Paul (August 30, 1955) and Christie Ann (November 8, 1952). With Kimberley, he has Cooper Bradford (September 4, 1991) and Marston Glenn (April 9, 1990).


title: Hugh Hefner

text: Hefner owned a multi-million mansion called the Playboy Mansion. He was also the executive producer of Roman Polanski's 1971 movie version of Macbeth. Hefner also appeared in cameos of himself in some movies.


title: Hugh Hefner

text: When nude photographs of Jayne Mansfield on the set of "Promises! Promises!" were published in the June 1963 issue of "Playboy", Hefner was brought into Chicago city court on obscenity charges.


title: Hugh Hefner

text: In 2013, Hefner announced that his youngest son, Cooper, would succeed him and eventually help run the Playboy Empire.


title: Hugh Hefner

text: Hefner supported legalizing same-sex marriage. He said that a fight for gay marriage is "a fight for all our rights. Without it, we will turn back the sexual revolution and return to an earlier, puritanical time."


title: Hugh Hefner

text: Hefner died at his home in Beverly Hills, California on September 27, 2017 after suffering from a cardiac arrest and sepsis caused by respiratory failure and an e. coli infection the age of 91.


title: Ujjain

text: Ujjain is a city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, India. Ujjain is a very old city, and one of the seven holy cities of the Hindus. It was an important city of Ancient India.it is known for the Mahakaleshwar Temple, a towering structure with a distinctively ornate roof. Nearby, Bade Ganesh Temple houses a colorful statue of Ganesh, the elephant-headed Hindu deity. Harsiddhi Temple features a pair of tall dark pillars studded with lamps.


title: Ben 10

text: Ben 10 created by The Man of Action Studios. The first episode was shown on December 27, 2005-present on Cartoon Network. The main character, Ben Tennyson, is a ten-years old boy who can turn himself into many different aliens including 10 original aliens. Ben and his rival girl cousin named Gwen are on summer with their grandpa, Max Tennyson. The main villains are Vilgax, Kevin Levin and occasionally Charmcaster and the Forever Knights.


title: Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank

text: Norman Robert Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank, (born 1 June 1935) is an English architect. His company, Foster and Partners, has an international design practice. He is the United Kingdom's biggest builder of landmark office buildings.


text: He is one of Britain's most prolific architects of his generation. In 1999, he was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize, often referred to as the Nobel Prize of architecture. In 2009 Foster was awarded the Prince of Asturias Award in the Arts category.


text: Foster was born to Robert Foster and Lilian Smith in 1935 in Reddish, Stockport, Cheshire. They moved, soon after his birth, two miles to 4 Crescent Grove in Levenshulme, Manchester, which they rented for fourteen shillings (70p) a week: Foster has no recollection of Reddish. Foster's parents were diligent, hard workers – so diligent that Foster, as an only child, felt their heavy workload restricted his relationship with them and he was often looked after by neighbours or other family members. He attended Burnage Grammar School for Boys in Burnage. In a "Guardian" interview in 1999, Foster said he always felt 'different' at school and was bullied and he retired into the world of books. He considered himself quiet and awkward in his early years often making faux pas.