title: Sebaceous gland

text: Sebaceous glands are involved in skin problems such as oily skin, acne, and keratosis pilaris. In the skin pores, sebum and keratin can create a hyperkeratotic plug called a "microcomedo" which can block a pore and cause pimples. The prescription medicine isotretinoin significantly reduces the amount of sebum produced by the sebaceous glands, and is used to treat acne.


title: Sebaceous gland

text: The extreme use (up to 10 times doctor-prescribed amounts) of anabolic steroids by bodybuilders, for muscle gain can also cause acne. The sebaceous gland is stimulated due to some steroid conversion into dihydrotestosterone. This event may cause serious acne on the face, neck, chest, back and shoulders.


title: Sebaceous gland

text: Sebaceous gland carcinoma is a very uncommon and aggressive form of cancer involving the sebaceous glands; sebaceous adenoma is a more benign neoplasm of the sebaceous glands.


title: Sebaceous gland

text: Certain species of Demodex mites feed on sebum and are commonly found in the sebaceous glands of mammals, including those of humans.


title: Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges

text: Hungerford Bridge, often called Charing Cross Bridge, is a railway bridge. It crosses the River Thames in London from Charing Cross station across to the south, near Waterloo station.


text: The bridge lies between Waterloo Bridge and Westminster Bridge. It is a steel bridge with two more recent pedestrian bridges on either side. These were named the Golden Jubilee Bridges, but are really just footpaths alongside the railway bridge. Each footpath has steps and lift access.


text: The north end of the bridge is Charing Cross station. It is near Embankment Pier and the Victoria Embankment. The south end is near Waterloo station, County Hall, the Royal Festival Hall, and the London Eye.


text: The first version of the bridge was designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, and opened in 1845. The bridge and the walkways have been reworked and expanded at various times.


title: Carp

text: The Carp (plural: carp or carpes) is a fish that lives in fresh water, such as rivers and lakes. In Europe and Asia carp are loved as a fishing and eating fish. However, carp are a really big problem in countries such as the U.S. and Australia. They make the water dirty by causing the mud at the bottom to move and in these countries people hate them.


title: Banwarilal Purohit

text: Banwarilal Purohit (born 16 April 1939) is an Indian politician. He is the current and 21st Governor of Tamil Nadu since October 2017. He was appointed as Governor of Assam State by President of India on 17 August 2016.


title: Banwarilal Purohit

text: He was a Member of Parliament from the Nagpur (Lok Sabha constituency) three times, twice as an Indian National Congress member, once as a BJP member.


title: Sildenafil

text: Sildenafil is an aphrodisiac. It is a medication that is also called Viagra, Revatio and (in the Indian subcontinent) Caverta.


title: Sildenafil

text: Sildenafil makes the blood vessels become wider. This lowers the blood pressure. Sildenafil mostly works in the penis and in the lungs. This medicine increases blood flow to the penis. This helps the penis become erect during sexual intercourse. Sildenafil also helps pulmonary hypertension. Because this medicine makes the blood vessels wider, it makes it easier for blood to flow. Sildenafil was patented in 1996 and first made to sell in 1998.


title: Signal (electrical engineering)

text: In the fields of communications, signal processing, and in electrical engineering more generally, a signal is any time-varying quantity.


title: Signal (electrical engineering)

text: The concept is broad, and hard to define precisely. Definitions specific to subfields are common. For example, in information theory, a "signal" is a codified message, i.e., the sequence of states in a communications channel that encodes a message. In a "communications system", a "transmitter" encodes a "message" into a signal, which is carried to a "receiver" by the communications "channel". For example, the words "Mary had a little lamb" might be the message spoken into a telephone. The telephone transmitter converts the sounds into an electrical voltage signal. The signal is transmitted to the receiving telephone by wires; and at the receiver it is reconverted into sounds.


title: Signal (electrical engineering)

text: Shannon, C. E., 2005 [1948], "A Mathematical Theory of Communication," (corrected reprint ), accessed Dec. 15, 2005. Orig. 1948, "Bell System Technical Journal", vol. 27, pp. 379–423, 623-656.


title: Inna

text: Elena Alexandra Apostoleanu (born October 16, 1986) known as Inna is a singer from Romania. She became famous after the first single "Hot" in 2008. The song was a hit in 2009 and in 2010 in the United Kingdom, France and other countries from Europe. The first single to be #1 in Romania was "Amazing" (2009) and another hit is "Sun Is Up" (2010). In 2011 Inna and Flo Rida had a song "Club Rocker", it was not a success. She is famous in Mexico too. She has over 4,000,000 fans on Facebook and over 500,000,000 views on YouTube.


title: Inna

text: Inna was born as Elena Alexandra Apostoleanu on 16 October, 1986 in Neptun a town in Romania. The town is next to the Black Sea and Inna knows to swim very well. She was not the best student in highschool. She loved music and Christina Aguilera or Rihanna. In 2007/2008 she met Play & Win, three boys who write music. They recorded some songs that are not successful. She was in Eurovision Song Contest in 2008, but nobody knew her. The name Inna comes from her grandfather. He called her Inna but he died before she got famous. She lives with her bichon Bobo. She says she doesn't have a boyfriend.


title: Inna

text: Inna has two albums. In 2009 the first album ""Hot"" was out. The album had four singles: "Hot", "Love", "Amazing" and "10 Minutes". The second album is "I Am the Club Rocker" and it is from 2011 and it has 14 songs and singles: "Sun Is Up", "Club Rocker", "Un Momento" and "Endless".


title: Inna

text: Inna had tours. She went to: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Slovakia, Netherlands and the UK and to Mexico before her birthday in 2011. She had the biggest concert in Romania for a Romanian person since 2005, in May 2011. She planned to go to US in 2012.


title: Inna

text: She won a lot of prizes including: 12 Romanian Music Awards, 2 MTV Europe Music Awards and 1 nomination at the NRJ Music Awards in France, 2011.


title: Dal Lake

text: Dal Lake is a lake in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The lake is connected to other lakes of the Kashmir Valley. It is well known for its approximately 500 Victorian era wooden houseboats, originally built as vacation homes for landless British administrators during the Raj.


title: Bathhouse

text: A bathhouse is a building where human beings wash their bodies. In some bathhouses, people put their whole bodies in the water. In others, people clean themselves using steam or even sweat. Bathhouses are usually communal, which means people take baths together and not alone. Some bathhouses are only about getting clean and other bathhouses are also a place for people to talk to each other.


title: Bathhouse

text: In the early 1900s, archaeologists found ruins of a bathhouse in Mohenjo-daro. This is in Pakistan today. The bathhouse was built around 2500 b.c.e. It was made out of bricks and it might have been part of a temple. Archaeologists found a Jewish mikveh from the 500s c.e. in ruins underneath Syracuse.


title: Bathhouse

text: By 300 BC, bathhouses called "thermae" were common in Ancient Roman towns. The Roman writer Tiberius Claudius Secundus wrote, "Baths, drink and sex corrupt our bodies, but baths, drink and sex make life worth living."


title: Bathhouse

text: People in Japan and Korea have been using hot springs for bathing for thousands of years. People started bathing at the Dogo Onsen on Shikoku 3000 years ago.


title: Bathhouse

text: The Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire affected bathing in the Middle East. The Middle Eastern hammam bath is like a Roman bath: A place to get clean and to talk to other people. In the 600s and 700s c.e., the Umayyad caliphs built baths with mosaic decorations on the floors.


title: Bathhouse

text: In the Medieval period, there were many baths, called hammam in the Middle East. Baghdad may have had 60,000 bathhouses. Unlike in Roman baths, men and women did not bathe together. There were different places for men and women.


title: Bathhouse

text: In Medieval Europe most people who lived in towns went to bathhouses to bathe. The medical book "Secreta Secretorum" has a chapter on bathing. It said winter and spring were good times to bathe but that people should not bathe in summer. By 1200 AD, there were 32 bathhouses in Paris. Bathhouses were often right next to the town bakery so the heat from the ovens could make the water hot. In Germany in the 1400s, some people ate meals in baths. Sometimes bathhouses were brothels in disguise. When the disease syphilis reached Europe, bathhouses became less popular there.


title: Bathhouse

text: In the Victorian period a diplomat called David Urquhart went to the Ottoman Empire, where he saw Ottoman baths. He came back to England and built bathhouses there. A person called Sinan built many baths. Some were for rich people and some were to clean the poor. This happened before indoor plumbing, which let almost every house have its own bathtub.


title: Bathhouse

text: People in other countries built bathhouses near hot springs too. The most famous bathhouses in the United States may be Bathhouse Row in Hot Springs National Park Arkansas, eight buildings made between 1892 and 1923.


title: Bathhouse

text: In the United States, people built bathhouses, especially during the Progressive Era, when people thought the government should help people live better lives. Indoor plumbing and pipes had made it much easier to be clean. People in the United States thought of being clean as part of being a good person, so rich and middle-class Americans built bathhouses for poorer people. New York City opened the People's Baths in 1891. It was popular, so many other public bathhouses were built. However, these bathhouses were about getting clean, not relaxing. Bathers were not allowed to stay long, and there was no place in the bathhouse to relax or talk with other people.


title: Bathhouse

text: According to writer Mikkel Aaland, people in Africa south of the Sahara Desert built sweat lodges to make sick people well.


title: Bathhouse

text: Bathhouses became an important part of gay culture in the United States. The government ordered most of them closed after people in the United States caught AIDS in the 1970s and 1980s.


title: Bathhouse

text: Some bathhouses are cellular baths, meaning they have many smaller tubs. Other bathhouses are steam baths, with all the bathers sitting around something hot, like hot rocks or fire.


title: Bathhouse

text: In many cultures, people said the bathhouse was good for the health. They especially said this about hot bathhouses, such as saunas and onsen. In Mesoamerica, people said the hot temazcal bath would heal the sick by making evil spirits leave.


title: Bathhouse

text: Scientists have done experiments to see if baths really do help human health. In addition to keeping the body clean, some types of steam baths or other hot baths can improve circulation, blood pressure and diseases of the nose and breathing.


title: Interstate 85

text: Interstate 85 is an Interstate Highway in the Southeastern United States. It goes from Montgomery, Alabama northeast to Petersburg, Virginia. The route is long.


Created on December 15, 1791, the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution is a part of the United States Bill of Rights. This amendment establishes a number of legal rights that apply to both civil and criminal proceedings. It contains several clauses: It guarantees the right to a grand jury. It forbids double jeopardy (being tried again for the same crime after an acquittal). It protects a person against self-incrimination (being a witness against himself). This is often called "Pleading the Fifth". The Fifth Amendment requires due process in any case where a citizen may be deprived of "life, liberty, or property". Any time the government takes private property for public use, the owner must be compensated.


title: Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution

text: The Fifth Amendment requires the use of grand juries by the federal legal system for all capital and "infamous crimes" (cases involving treason, certain felonies or gross moral turpitude). Grand juries trace their roots back to the Assize of Clarendon, an enactment by Henry II of England in 1166. The United States is one of the few remaining countries that uses the grand jury.


text: The Double Jeopardy clause in the Fifth Amendment forbids a defendant from being tried again on the same (or similar) charges in the same case following a legitimate acquittal or conviction. In common law countries, a defendant may enter a peremptory plea of "autrefois acquit" or "autrefois convict" ("autrefois" means "in the past" in French). It means if the defendant has been acquitted or convicted of the same offence and cannot be retried under the principle of double jeopardy. The original intent of the clause is to prevent an individual to go through a number of prosecutions for the same act until the prosecutor gets a conviction.


text: In a criminal prosecution, under the Fifth Amendment, a person has the right to refuse to incriminate himself (or herself). No person is required to give information that could be used against him. This is also called "taking the Fifth" or more commonly "pleading the Fifth." The intent of this clause is to prevent the government from making a person confess under oath. A person may not refuse to answer any relevant question under oath unless the answer would incriminate him. If the answer to a question on the witness stand could be used to convict that person of a crime, he can assert his Fifth Amendment rights.


text: The authors of the Fifth Amendment intended the provisions in it apply only to the federal government. Since 1925, under the incorporation doctrine, most provisions of the Bill of Rights now also apply to the state and local governments. Since the landmark decision Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966), when they arrest someone, police are required to include the "right to remain silent" as part of the legal Miranda warning (the wording may vary).


text: The due process clause guarantees every person a fair, just and orderly legal proceeding. The Fifth Amendment applies to the federal government. The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, among other provisions, forbids states from denying anyone their life, their liberty or their property without due process of law So the Fourteenth Amendment expands the Due Process clause of the Fifth Amendment to apply to the states. Due process means the government must follow the law and not violate any parts of it. An example of violating due process is when a judge shows bias against the defendant in a trial. Another example is when the prosecution fails to disclose information to the defense that would show the defendant is not guilty of the crime.


text: The Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment states "private property [shall not] be taken for public use, without just compensation." The Fifth Amendment restricts only the federal government. The Fourteenth Amendment extended this clause to include actions taken by State and local governments. Whenever the government wants to buy property for public use, they make an offer to the owner. If the owner does not want to sell the property, the government can take them to court and exercise a power called eminent domain. The name comes from the Latin term "dominium eminens" (meaning supreme lordship). The court then condemns the property (meaning say it can no longer be occupied by people). This allows the government to take over the property, but must pay "just compensation" to the owner. In other words, the government body must pay what the property is worth.


text: A case heard before the U.S. Supreme Court, Kelo v. City of New London, 545 U.S. 469 (2005), was decided in favor of allowing the use of eminent domain to transfer land from one private owner to another private owner. The court upheld the city of New London, Connecticut's proposed use of the petitioner's private property qualifies as a "public use" fell within the meaning of the Takings Clause. The city felt the property was in poor condition and the new owner would improve it. This extension of the Takings Clause has been very controversal.


title: Hexacontagon

text: A "regular hexacontagon" is represented by Schläfli symbol {60} and also can be constructed as a truncated triacontagon, t{30}, or a twice-truncated pentadecagon, tt{15}. A truncated hexacontagon, t{60}, is a 120-gon, {120}.


title: Hexacontagon

text: Since 60 = 2 × 3 × 5, a regular hexacontagon is constructible using a compass and straightedge. As a truncated triacontagon, it can be constructed by an edge-bisection of a regular triacontagon.


title: Hexacontagon

text: Coxeter states that every zonogon (a 2"m"-gon whose opposite sides are parallel and of equal length) can be dissected into "m"("m"-1)/2 parallelograms.


title: Hexacontagon

text: In particular this is true for regular polygons with evenly many sides, in which case the parallelograms are all rhombi. For the "regular hexacontagon", "m"=30, and it can be divided into 435: 15 squares and 14 sets of 30 rhombs. This decomposition is based on a Petrie polygon projection of a 30-cube.


title: Tina Fey

text: Elizabeth Stamatina "Tina" Fey (; born May 18, 1970) is an American actress, comedienne, writer, and producer. He has received seven Emmy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, four Screen Actors Guild Awards, and four Writers Guild of America Awards. She was called the performer who had the greatest impact on culture and entertainment in 2008 by the Associated Press. They gave her their AP Entertainer of the Year award.


title: Tina Fey

text: Fey graduated from the University of Virginia in 1992. She then moved to Chicago to take classes at the improvisational comedy group The Second City. She became a featured player there in 1994. Three years later, Fey became a writer for the sketch comedy show "Saturday Night Live" ("SNL"). She was promoted to the position of head writer in 1999. The following year, Fey was added to the cast of "SNL". During her time there, she was co-anchor of the show's "Weekend Update". After leaving "SNL" in 2006, she created her own television series called "30 Rock". The show is a situation comedy somewhat based on her experiences at "SNL". In the show, Fey plays the head writer of a fictional sketch comedy series.


title: Tina Fey

text: In 2004, Fey made her movie debut as writer and co-star of the teen comedy "Mean Girls". In 2008, she starred in the comedy movie "Baby Mama", with Amy Poehler. In 2009, Fey won an Emmy Award for her satirical portrayal of Republican vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin in a guest appearance on "SNL".


title: Tina Fey

text: Fey was born in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, a township just outside of Philadelphia. Her mother is Zenovia "Jeanne" (née Xenakes), a brokerage employee of Greek ancestry. Her father is Donald Fey, a university grant proposal-writer of German and Scottish ancestry. She has a brother, who is eight years older, named Peter.


title: Tina Fey

text: She also grew up watching "Second City Television" ("SCTV") and says Catherine O'Hara is one of her role models.


title: Tina Fey

text: Fey attended Cardington Elementary School and Beverly Hills Middle School in Upper Darby. By middle school, she knew she was interested in comedy. She did an independent-study project on the subject in eighth grade. Fey attended Upper Darby High School. There she was an honor student, a member of the choir, drama club, and tennis team. She was also co-editor of the school's newspaper. After her graduation in 1988, Fey enrolled at the University of Virginia. She studied playwriting and acting there. She graduated in 1992 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in drama.


title: Tina Fey

text: After graduating, Fey first had plans to do graduate work in drama at DePaul University in Chicago, Illinois. But "I just got this feeling like it wasn't going to work out ... [that] they were take my money and then cut me from the program." She moved to Chicago anyway, knowing about the improvisational comedy group, The Second City. She took night classes at Second City. She had a day job working at the front desk of a YMCA in Evanston to pay for her classes. Once her Second City training began, she became highly involved in the "cult of improvisation". She became, as she called it later, "like one of those athletes trying to get into the Olympics. It was all about blind focus. I was so sure that I was doing exactly what I'd been put on this earth to do, and I would have done anything to make it onto that stage. Not because of "SNL", but because I wanted to devote my life to improv. I would have been perfectly happy to stay at Second City forever."


title: Tina Fey

text: In 1994, she joined the cast of The Second City. She performed eight shows a week, for two years. She was also in the revues "Citizen Gates" (1996) and "Paradigm Lost" (1997., She performed with Scott Adsit, Kevin Dorff, Rachel Dratch, Jenna Jolovitz, and Jim Zulevic. Improvisation became an important part of her understanding of what it means to be an actress, as she noted in an interview for "The Believer" in November 2003:


title: Tina Fey

text: While in Chicago, Fey also made what she later called an "amateurish" try at stand-up comedy. She also performed at the ImprovOlympic theater.


title: Tina Fey

text: While performing shows with the Second City in 1997, Fey sent several scripts to NBC's "Saturday Night Live" ("SNL"). She had been asked to send them by "SNL"'s head writer Adam McKay. McKay was a former performer at Second City. She was hired as a writer for "SNL" following a meeting with "SNL" creator Lorne Michaels. Fey moved to New York. She told "The New Yorker", "I’d had my eye on the show forever, the way other kids have their eye on Derek Jeter." At first, Fey "struggled" at "SNL". Her first sketch to air starred Chris Farley in a Sally Jessy Raphael satire. Fey went on to write a series of parodies. This included one of ABC's morning talk show "The View". She co-wrote the "Sully and Denise" sketches with Rachel Dratch, who plays one of the teens.


title: Tina Fey

text: Fey played an extra in one of the episodes in 1998. After watching herself, she decided to diet. By dieting she lost 30 pounds. She told "The New York Times", "I was a completely normal weight. But I was here in New York City, I had money and I couldn't buy any clothes. After I lost weight, there was interest in putting me on camera." In 1999, McKay quit as head writer. Michaels asked Fey to replace McKay. She became "SNL"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s first female head writer. Fey does not make a big deal about this accomplishment because there have not been very many head writers.


title: Tina Fey

text: In 2000, Fey began performing in sketches. She and Jimmy Fallon became co-anchors of "SNL's Weekend Update" segment. Fey admitted she did not ask to audition, but that Michaels asked her to do it. Michaels explained that there was "chemistry" (connection) between Fey and Fallon. Michaels, however, said that choosing Fey was "kind of risky" at the time. Her role in "Weekend Update" was well received by critics. Ken Tucker of "Entertainment Weekly" wrote: "...Fey delivers such blow darts – poison filled jokes written in long, precisely parsed sentences unprecedented in "Update" history – with such a bright, sunny countenance makes her all the more devilishly delightful." Dennis Miller, a former cast member of "SNL" and anchor of "Weekend Update", was pleased with Fey as one of the anchors for the segment: "...Fey might be the best "Weekend Update" anchor who ever did it. She writes the funniest jokes". Robert Bianco of "USA Today", however, commented that he was "not enamored" with the pairing.


title: Tina Fey

text: In 2001, Fey and the writing staff won a Writers Guild of America Award for "SNL"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s 25th anniversary special. The following year at the 2002 Emmy Awards ceremony, she and the writing team won the Emmy for Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Program.


title: Tina Fey

text: The pairing of Fey and Fallon ended in May 2004. Fallon left the show at the end of that season. He was replaced by Amy Poehler. It was the first time that two women co-anchored "Weekend Update". Fey revealed that she "hired" Poehler as her co-host for the segment. The reception to the teaming of Fey and Poehler was positive. Rachel Sklar of the "Chicago Tribune" noting that the pairing "has been a hilarious, pitch-perfect success as they play off each other with quick one-liners and deadpan delivery".


title: Tina Fey

text: In 2002, Fey suggested a pilot episode for a situation comedy about a cable news network to NBC, who rejected it. The pilot was written again to focus on an "SNL" style series. It was accepted by NBC. She signed a contract with NBC in May 2003. It allowed her to remain in her "SNL" head writer position at least through the 2004–2005 television season. As part of the contract, Fey was to develop a primetime project to be produced by Broadway Video and NBC Universal. She began developing the pilot project under the working title "Untitled Tina Fey Project". The pilot, directed by Adam Bernstein, centered on the head writer of a variety show and how she managed her relationships with the show's star and its executive producer. In October 2006, the pilot aired on NBC as "30 Rock". Although the episode received generally good reviews, it finished third in its timeslot.


title: Tina Fey

text: The network gave the series a second season, which began in October 2007. The show's third season premiered on October 30, 2008. The premiere episode set records for the highest ratings of the series. In January 2009, NBC renewed "30 Rock" for the 2009–2010 season.


title: Tina Fey

text: In 2007, Fey received an Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Actress in a Comedy Series. The show itself won the 2007 Emmy for Outstanding Comedy Series. In 2008, she won the Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild, and Emmy awards all in the category for Best Actress in a Comedy Series. The following year, Fey again won the Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award in the same categories. She was also nominated for an Emmy Award. In early 2010, Fey received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress. She won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Lead Actress.


title: Tina Fey

text: In September and October 2008 Fey was a guest on "SNL" to perform a series of parodies of Republican vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin. On the 34th season premiere episode, aired September 13, 2008, Fey imitated Palin in a sketch, alongside Amy Poehler as Hillary Clinton. Their act included Clinton making fun of Palin about her "Tina Fey glasses". The sketch quickly became NBC.com's most-watched viral video ever. It had 5.7 million views by the following Wednesday. Fey acted in the role again on the October 4 show. She also acted as Palin on the October 18 show where she was joined by the real Sarah Palin. The October 18 show had the best ratings of any "SNL" show since 1994. The following year Fey won an Emmy in the category of Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her acting as Palin.


title: Tina Fey

text: In December 2009, "Entertainment Weekly" put her impersonation on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, writing, "Fey's freakishly spot-on "SNL" impersonation of the wannabe VP (and her ability to strike a balance between comedy and cruelty) made for truly transcendent television."


title: Tina Fey

text: In 2000, Fey worked with fellow "SNL" cast member Rachel Dratch in the Off Broadway two-woman show "Dratch & Fey" at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theater in New York City. The show was well received by critics. Tim Townsend of "The Wall Street Journal" in review of "Dratch & Fey", wrote that the fun part of watching them perform was "seeing how comfortable they are with each other". He said that the show "isn't about two women being funny. [...] Dratch and Fey are just funny. Period." One of the "SNL" sketches, "Sully and Denise", originated at Second City in Chicago.


title: Tina Fey

text: On August 13, 2007, Fey was a guest on the children's television series "Sesame Street", in the episode, "The Bookaneers". She appeared as a guest judge on the November 25, 2007 episode of the Food Network program "Iron Chef America". Fey has appeared in Disney's campaign "Year of a Million Dreams" as Tinker Bell, along with Mikhail Baryshnikov as Peter Pan and Gisele Bündchen as Wendy Darling. She has also done commercials for American Express credit card.


title: Tina Fey

text: On February 23, 2008, Fey hosted the first episode of "SNL" after the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. For this appearance, she was nominated for an Emmy in the category of Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program.


title: Tina Fey

text: In 2002, Fey appeared in the comedy "Martin & Orloff". She made her debut as writer and co-star of the 2004 teen comedy "Mean Girls". Characters and behaviors in the movie are based on Fey's high school life at Upper Darby High School. It is also based on the non-fiction book "Queen Bees and Wannabes" by Rosalind Wiseman. The cast includes other past cast members of "SNL" including Tim Meadows, Ana Gasteyer, and Amy Poehler. The movie received favorable reviews. It was a box office success, grossing $129 million worldwide.


title: Tina Fey

text: In a 2004 interview, Fey said that she would like to write and direct movies in which she has small parts. As of April 2006, Fey has been working on a movie script for Paramount Pictures, which will feature Sacha Baron Cohen, by the name of "Curly Oxide and Vic Thrill". It is based loosely on the true story of a Hasidic rock musician. In 2007, she was cast in the animated comedy movie "Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters" as the teens' mother, a giant burrito.


title: Tina Fey

text: Fey and former "SNL" castmate Amy Poehler starred in the 2008 comedy "Baby Mama". The movie was written and directed by Michael McCullers. The movie is about Kate (Fey), a business woman, who wants a child but, discovering she has only a million-to-one chance of getting pregnant, decides to find a surrogate: Angie (Poehler), a white-trash schemer. "Baby Mama" received mixed reviews, but many critics enjoyed Fey's performance. Todd McCarthy of "Variety" wrote: "Fey is a delight to watch throughout. Able to convey Kate's intentions and feelings through the simple looks and inflections, she never melodramatizes her situation; nor does her efficient, perfectionist side become overbearing." The movie grossed over $64 million at the box office.


title: Tina Fey

text: Fey's projects after 2008 include her giving her voice to the character Lisa in the English language version of the Japanese animated movie "Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea" (titled "Ponyo" for its U.S. release). In 2009, she appeared in "The Invention of Lying", alongside Ricky Gervais, Jennifer Garner, Rob Lowe, and Christopher Guest. Her next movie role was in Shawn Levy's comedy "Date Night". The movie focuses on a married couple, played by Fey and Steve Carell, who go on a date. However, the night goes wrong for the two. In addition, she has agreed to do voice work for the DreamWorks animated movie "MegaMind".


title: Tina Fey

text: Fey was ranked in the Hot 100 List at number 80 on "Maxim" magazine in 2002. She was named one of "People" magazine's 50 Most Beautiful People in 2003. Fey was one of "People" magazine's 100 Most Beautiful People in 2007, 2008, and 2009. In 2007, she was included in "People"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s 100 Most Beautiful issue. Also in 2007, Fey placed seventh on the Hot 100 List on AfterEllen.com. She was on the list again the next year, too. However, in 2008 she was number one on the list.


title: Tina Fey

text: In 2001, "Entertainment Weekly" named Fey as one of their Entertainers of the Year for her work on "Weekend Update". She again was named one of the magazine's Entertainers of the Year in 2007. She placed number two in 2008. In 2009, Fey was named as "Entertainment Weekly"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s fifth individual in their 15 Entertainers of the 2000s list. The newspaper editors and broadcast producers of the Associated Press voted Fey the AP Entertainer of the Year as the performer who had the greatest impact on culture and entertainment in 2008. They cited her impression of Sarah Palin on "SNL". She has appeared on the annual Celebrity 100 list by "Forbes" in 2008 and 2009 at No. 99 and No. 86.


title: Tina Fey

text: In 2007, the "New York Post" included Fey in New York's 50 Most Powerful Women, ranking her at number 33. Fey was among the Time 100, a list of the 100 most influential people in the world, in 2007 and 2009, as selected annually by "Time" magazine. Fey's featured article for the 2009 list was written by "30 Rock" co-star, Alec Baldwin. She was selected by Barbara Walters as one of America's 10 Most Fascinating People of 2008.


title: Tina Fey

text: Fey is married to Jeff Richmond. Richmond was a composer on "30 Rock". They met at Chicago's Second City. The two dated for seven years before marrying in a Greek Orthodox ceremony on June 3, 2001. They have a daughter, Alice Zenobia Richmond, who was born on September 10, 2005, while Fey was still working at "SNL". Fey returned to the show on October 22, saying "I had to get back to work. NBC has me under contract; the baby and I have only a verbal agreement." In April 2009, Fey and Richmond bought a $3.4 million apartment in the Upper West Side in New York City.


title: Tina Fey

text: Fey has a scar a few inches long on the left side of her chin and cheek. Fey was quoted in the November 25, 2001, "New York Times" article as saying about it: "It's a childhood injury that was kind of grim. And it kind of bums my parents out for me to talk about it". But in an interview with Fey and Richmond in the January 2009 issue of "Vanity Fair", Richmond said the scar comes from a slashing incident, which happened when she was five. Richmond said: "It was in, like, the front yard of her house, and somebody just came up, and she just thought somebody marked her with a pen." She has said she was unsure about talking about it because "It's impossible to talk about it without somehow seemingly exploiting it." Fey shows her right (non-scar) side of her face more often when acting as her character Liz Lemon.


title: Tina Fey

text: Her charity work includes support of Autism Speaks. It is a group that sponsors autism research. It hosts awareness and outreach activities aimed at families, governments, and the public. At the 64th Golden Globe Awards, Fey wore a blue puzzle piece to raise awareness for the organization. In April 2008, she participated in Night of Too Many Stars, a comedy show benefit for autism education.


title: Tina Fey

text: Fey is also a supporter of Mercy Corps, a global relief and development organization, in their campaign to end world hunger. Fey narrated a video for Mercy Corps's Action Center in New York City, describing hunger as a symptom of many wider world problems. She also supports the Love Our Children USA organization, which fights violence against children. They named her among their Mothers Who Make a Difference in 2009. She was the 2009 national spokesperson for the Light The Night Walk, which benefits the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society.


title: Tina Fey

text: The following awards are put under the year they were announced. They are not necessarily the year covered by the award ceremony.


title: Warning colouration

text: Warning colouration (or aposematism) is how animals let other animals know that they are poisonous or dangerous. It is the exact opposite of camouflage. Warning colours are usually some combination of red, yellow, black and white.


title: Warning colouration

text: Wallace predicted that birds and other predators would reject conspicuous prey whilst accepting cryptic prey. Later reports confirmed this.


title: Warning colouration

text: Animals with warning colours move slowly and expose themselves to sight. The sluggishness and exposure helps to advertise their defence. Along with the colour and behaviour often goes the foul smell of their chemical weapons. The grasshopper "Aularches miliaris" is a very good example. Noxious caterpillars often have thick, leathery cuticles which help them to resist young birds making a 'test'. When the bird takes a peck, disgusting fluid seeps out from special glands on its back. The caterpillar (or other larva) will often survive such an attack, and the young bird has learnt a lesson it will never forget. All in all, the predator is given good warning. Tests show that warning colours definitely do deter predators.


title: Warning colouration

text: Some individual animals will die or receive damage while birds or mammals on the attack learn about the connection between colour and taste. However, if warning costs less than hiding, the animal benefits. And the advertising traits such as colours may serve other functions as well. The patterns may help mate identification within the species, for instance.


title: Warning colouration

text: Warning colouration is the basis of two different kinds of mimicry: Müllerian mimicry and Batesian mimicry.


title: Warning colouration

text: There are a number of predators which eat toxic animals. Cases which have been studied suggest there is some kind of cost to be borne for their relative immunity to the toxin.


title: Warning colouration

text: The rough-skinned newt is toxic, and displays its warning colour by showing its abdomen. Throughout much of the newt’s range, the common garter snake ("Thamnophis sirtalis") is resistant to the toxin. In several populations, these snakes successfully prey upon the newts. Toxin resistant garter snakes are the only known animals that can eat these newts and survive.


title: Warning colouration

text: The snake’s resistance to the toxin has resulted in a selective pressure that favours newts which produce more potent levels of toxin. Increases in newt toxicity then causes a selective pressure favouring snakes with mutations conferring even greater resistance. The price paid by the snakes is that their digestion and body metabolism is slower than related species. Really resistant snakes have slower crawl speeds than snakes with little or no resistance.


title: Warning colouration

text: This is an example of co-evolution. This cycle of a predator and prey co-evolving is sometimes called an evolutionary arms race. In this case it results in the newts producing levels of toxin far in excess of what is needed to kill any other conceivable predator.


title: Warning colouration

text: However, the bright colours used for these functions tend to be different from the standard warning patterns and colours.


title: Warning colouration

text: The colouring of many species has unknown function. This is usually because their life habits have not been studied sufficiently, and because no field tests have been done. One example is the moth "Utetheisa pulchella", the crimson speckled moth. Its association with the plant "Dittrichia viscosa", which has a somewhat unpleasant smell, suggest the moth has warning colouration, but the matter is not settled. The related species "Utetheisa ornatrix", which feeds on other plants, is known to exude (squeeze out) alkaloids to put predators off.


title: Ilama (fruit)

text: The Ilama ("Annona macroprophyllata"), also known as the soncoya or sincuya, is a kind of fruit, and also the name of the tree that it grows on. The trees and fruits can be found in tropical Central America. The name comes from the Spanish translation of the Nahuatl "ilamatzapotl". Its rough translation is 'old woman's sapote'. The name is also applied to a similar fruit, cabeza de negro ("A. pupurea") which is cultivated as an alternative to the cherimoya. The cabeza de negro is similar in size to the Ilama but grey-brown in color with hard bumps on the surface, and orange flesh that tastes like mango or papaw.


title: Ilama (fruit)

text: The Ilama fruit is delicious when eaten ripe. It is either eaten on the half-shell or scooped out with a tool. The Ilama is usually chilled when served, it is sometimes served with a little cream and sugar to intensify the flavor, or with a drop of lime or lemon juice to bring in a tart and bitter tinge.


title: Diagonal

text: Diagonal is a kind of straight line. A diagonal line does not go straight up, down, or across. It is a line that connects two corners of a shape.


title: Diagonal

text: In mathematics, "diagonal" has different meanings. For example, in geometry a diagonal is any line that goes between the corners of a polygon. So a square has two diagonals, and a five-sided shape has five diagonals. In general the count of diagonal can be identified by a formula [n(n-3)]/2 where n is the total number of sides of shapes.


title: Coretta Scott King

text: Coretta Scott King (April 27, 1927 – January 30, 2006) was an American author, activist, and civil rights leader. She was the widow of Martin Luther King, Jr.. Scott King helped lead the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.


title: Coretta Scott King

text: Scott King played an important role in the years after her husband's 1968 assassination when she took on the leadership of the struggle for racial equality herself and became active in the Women's Movement.


title: Coretta Scott King

text: Scott King was born on April 27, 1927 in Heiberger, Alabama. She studied at Lincoln Normal School and at Antioch College.


title: Coretta Scott King

text: King was married to Martin Luther King, Jr. from 1953 until his death in 1968. They had four children:


title: Coretta Scott King

text: King was in a hospital in Rosarito Beach, Mexico after she had a stroke and had ovarian cancer. She died on January 30, 2006 in the hospital from a stroke and respiratory failure, aged 78.


title: Rashida Tlaib

text: Rashida Tlaib (born July 24, 1976) is an American politician and attorney. She is a Democratic former member of the Michigan House of Representatives. She represented the 6th District.


title: Rashida Tlaib

text: Tlaib became the first Muslim American woman to serve in the Michigan Legislature, and the second Muslim woman in history to be elected to any U.S. state legislature.


title: Rashida Tlaib

text: In 2018, Tlaib won the Democratic nomination for the U.S. House of Representatives seat from Michigan's 13th congressional district. She was unopposed in the general election and became the first Muslim woman in Congress and the first Palestinian-American woman in Congress.


title: Rashida Tlaib

text: According to Aktualita.co: "(S)he is the first Palestinian-born congressman in the United States legislature"


title: Rashida Tlaib

text: Tlaib is a member of "The Squad" along with Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ilhan Omar and Ayanna Pressley. In 2020, she endorsed Bernie Sanders for President.


title: Ryanair

text: Ryanair is an Irish low-cost airline. It was started in 1985. It is based in Dublin Airport and London Stansted Airport. Ryanair goes to 165 cities. These are mostly across Europe. Ryanair has a fleet of 505 Boeing 737 aircraft.


title: Ryanair

text: Ryanair was founded in 1985 by Irish businessman Tony Ryan. It carried 82000 passengers in its first year of operations.


title: Ryanair

text: In 1998 the airline ordered 45 Boeing 737-800 aircraft. This order was followed up in 2001 with additional order for 155 737s.


title: Ryanair

text: In 2013 Ryanair announced that it would be introducing a number of customer service improvements in the coming months in an attempt to improve its image.


title: Ryanair

text: Ryanair announced in 2018 that it would be buying Austrian low-cost airline Laudamotion from motor-racing champion Niki Lauda. The airline was subsequently renamed Lauda. Lauda was shut down in late 2020, with the business's assets being transferred to the Malta based company Lauda Europe.


title: Congress of the Philippines

text: The Congress of the Philippines () is the national legislature of the Philippines. It is made of the Senate (upper chamber), and the House of Representatives (lower chamber). although in the Philippines the term congress commonly refers to just the latter.


title: Congress of the Philippines

text: The Senate is made of 24 senators half of which are elected every three years. The House of Representatives is currently made of 297 congressmen.


title: Congress of the Philippines

text: A regular session can last until thirty days before the opening of its next regular session in the succeeding year. The President may, however, call special sessions which are usually held between regular legislative sessions to handle emergencies or urgent matters.


title: Chyna

text: Chyna (Joan Marie Laurer; December 27, 1970 – April 20, 2016) was an American female wrestler for the World Wrestling Federation. She was also a pornographic actress and television personality. She was known for coming out of the back with a bazooka and called herself the ninth wonder of the world. She was on the first season of "The Surreal Life". She was born in Rochester, New York.


title: Chyna

text: Chyna was found dead at her home in Redondo Beach, California on April 20, 2016, aged 45. The cause of death is unknown, but she was taking medication for her insomnia and anxiety.


title: Millimetre

text: The millimetre is a metric unit of length. The symbol for the millimetre is mm. There are 1,000 millimetres in a metre.


title: Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma

text: Swathi Tirunal Rama Varma was born in the princely state of Travancore in south India. He was the second child of Queen Regent Gowri Lakshmi Bayi and Rajaraja Varma Koyithampuran of Changanasseri Palace. He had an elder sister, Rukmini Bai, and a younger brother, Uthram Thirunal Marthanda Varma. His mother died two months after she gave birth to her third child. Since Rama Varma was just 17 months old when his mother died, his mother's sister, Gowri Parvati Bayi, took charge of the state until Rama Varma turned 16. When he turned 16, Ram Varma ascended the throne and took over as king. Since both his aunt and father were scholars and teachers, Rama Varma's education was taken special care of. He began learning Sanskrit and Malayalam at the age of six and English at seven. By the time he attained maturity, he was well versed in several languages, including Malayalam, Tamil, Kannada, Hindustani, Telugu, Marathi, English, Persian, and Sanskrit. Other than languages, Rama Varma took a keen interest in grammar, poetry, and drama. As an excellent monarch, he facilitated art and music in his state.


title: Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma

text: Swati Tirunal was given an impetus in singing by Karamana Subrahmanya Bhagavatar, a well known musician of the palace. Subba Rao didn't only have theoretical knowledge of music, but was also quite skillful in its practical applicability. He got engrossed with singing and started to enjoy it. He even learnt to play the instrument swarabat, which could be a rare skill and is understood by hardly anyone. His immense love for music brought an outsized number of eminent musicians to the court, who, in turn, gave Swati a valuable insight into the sphere of Indian genre. A Maratha singer named Meruswamy alias Anantapadmanabha Goswami gave Rama Varma an introduction to Carnatic and Hindusthani music. He also gave him a deep understanding about the 'harikatha' tradition. Some scholars and musicians who worked in close association with Rama Varma include Irayimman Thampi (poet), Shatkala Govinda Marar (musician), Parameswa Bhagavatar (singer), Kilimannoor Koil (Sanskrit scholar cum poet) etc.


title: Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma

text: Swati Tirunal made a fantastic contribution to the sector of Indian music. He composed near about 500 songs, that he's admired for even today. He had composed variety of musical plays moreover. His notable works include Varnams, Javalis, Padams, Swarajatis, Kritis, and plenty of more. As far as Hindustani music is worried, his praiseworthy compositions comprise of Dhrupads, Thumris, Tappas, Bhajans, Khyal, etc. For the Navratri festivity, he composed numerous kritis within the praise of Goddess Devi.


title: Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma

text: Swathi Thirunal had an early marriage but his wife died soon. Later, he was married a second time to Thiruvattar Ammachi Panapillai Amma Srimathi Narayani Pillai Kochamma of the Thiruvattar Ammaveedu family. His wife was a talented Carnatic singer and Veena player. The couple had a son named Thiruvattar Chithira Nal Anantha Padmanabhan Chempakaraman Thampi. In 1843, Swathi Thirunal had a 3rd marriage with Sundara Lakshmi Ammal, daughter of a Mudaliar, who migrated to Trivandrum. Sundara was better called Sugandhavalli, as she was a dancer. Legend has it that his second wife failed to approve the wedding and hence, Sugandhavalli was banished from Travancore. This proved traumatic for the Maharajah was believed to possess died thanks to broken heart in 1846.


title: Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma

text: This great patron of art left for the heavenly abode at an early age of 33 in 1846, leaving his subjects in distress at the loss of this great man. His elder brother, Uthram Thirunal Marthanda Varma succeeded the throne and retained it until his death in 1860. Thereafter, his sister's children ascended the throne and ruled the dominion of Travancore.


title: Hercules

text: Hercules is a hero in Roman mythology. He is a mortal son of Alcmene and Zeus. Hercules is known for his great strength. In Greek mythology he is named Herakles, but he has some different stories.


title: Hercules

text: The name Hercules (Latin "Herculēs") comes from the Etruscan Hercle. He was an Etruscan hero who was the equivalent to the Greek hero Herakles.


title: Hercules

text: In one of the more well known stories of Hercules, he had to complete twelve tasks. These tasks were:


title: Hercules

text: Hercules is also a character in Marvel Comics. He was an ally of the mighty Thor. He is the leader and a founding member of the super team the Champions. He was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby in 1962.


title: Hercules

text: Hercules also appears in the 1997 Disney movie of the same name, in which he is voiced by Tate Donovan.


title: Perestroika

text: Perestroika, which means "restructuring" in the Russian language, was a series of changes to the economy of the Soviet Union. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev started it in 1986. This happened only a few years before the Soviet Union fell apart into 15 countries. Many historians argue that it was a major reason that the Soviet Union fell apart. It happened at about the same time as Gorbachev's "glasnost" reforms, which made what the government did not as much of a secret.


title: Perestroika

text: The Soviet Union was a communist country. The government controlled the economy. People did not own their own land or businesses. Under perestroika, some people could even start to own their own businesses. Gorbachev wanted perestroika to help out the Soviet economy, which had been having problems. However, in the end, it could not save the country's economy.


title: .45 ACP

text: The .45 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol) or 45 Auto (11.43×23mm) is a type of bullet, made to be used in the M1911 pistol used by the U.S. Military. It was first made by John Browning in 1904, the "ACP" in the name stands for "Automatic Colt Pistol". It was the standard for handguns in the U.S. military until they switched to the Beretta M9 (Beretta 92) in 1985 that used a smaller caliber 9mm bullet.


title: .45 ACP

text: The .45 is famous for being the bullet used in the M1911 and for being the choice of the U.S. Military for their pistols for almost 75 years. The .45 ACP has good stopping power because of the large size of the bullet, a .45 ACP bullet is almost half an inch. When shot at human targets, the .45 ACP bullet makes a big hole that causes blood loss and leads to faster death.


title: .45 ACP

text: It was used for guns like the M1911, the Thompson submachine gun, the M3 Grease Gun, the USP45, the UMP45, the TDI Kriss Super V, the MAC-10, and many other guns.


title: Kemi Badenoch

text: Olukemi Olufunto Badenoch ( ; "née" Adegoke; born 1980) is a British politician. She has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Saffron Walden since 2017. She is a member of the Conservative Party. She is the Secretary of State for International Trade and President of the Board of Trade since September 2022. She is also the Minister for Women and Equalities since October 2022.


title: Kemi Badenoch

text: She has served in Boris Johnson's second government as Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury and the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Equalities at the Government Equalities Office from 2020 to 2022.


title: Kemi Badenoch

text: Badenoch was born in Wimbledon, London. Her parents are of Nigerian origin. Her childhood was spent in part in the Nigerian capital Lagos and the United States. She returned to the United Kingdom at the age of 16. She is married to Hamish Badenoch. The couple have three children.


title: Kemi Badenoch

text: In July 2022, Badenoch announced her candidacy for Leader of the Conservative Party in the 2022 leadership election. She was eliminated in the fourth round of voting on 19 July 2022.


title: Potentiometer

text: Potentiometers are variable resistors. Potentiometers are resistors where the resistance can be changed using a knob or a slider. Potentiometers are used to control many things, including how bright or dim the lights in your house are and the volume controls on your television. Some are used in voltage dividers.


title: Potentiometer

text: The idea of a device that could be used to control the amount of electricity going to a component was thought by many people, but the carbon potentiometer we commonly use today was invented by Thomas Edison in 1872 at the age of 25. He called this device a "coiled resistance wire rheostat". His patent for this device was issued in 1872. Carbon resistors, as said above, are the most commonly used resistors today. They are used in radios to control the volume, in televisions to control picture brightness, contrast, and color response.


title: Potentiometer

text: There are many different types of potentiometers. These different types include carbon potentiometers, plastic potentiometers, and wire potentiometers. Carbon potentiometers are the most common potentiometers that we use today because they are inexpensive to make and are easy to put together. Wire potentiometers are the most powerful type out of the three listed above. The wire inside the potentiometer is wound so that it has more power. Plastic potentiometers have the same amount of power that carbon potentiometers do, but are of a higher quality. They are made of a special kind of plastic that conducts electricity just as effectively as carbon potentiometers. It as a better life than carbon potentiometers do. Trimmer potentiometers are small. They are adjustable with a screwdriver.


title: Topic sentence

text: Topic sentence is a term in grammar. It applies to expository writing. Expository writing is a type of writing where the purpose is to explain, inform, or even describe.


title: Topic sentence

text: A topic sentence is usually the first in a paragraph. It states the main idea in a paragraph. In this way, it helps the reader to understand what follows. So, for example, a sentence like "Minor planets are smaller than major planets, and have orbits further out than the orbit of Neptune" could be followed by details of the minor planets. Often topic sentences do a similar job to summaries.


title: Theorem

text: A theorem is a proven idea in mathematics. Theorems are proved using logic and other theorems that have already been proved. A minor theorem that one must prove to prove a major theorem is called a lemma. Theorems are made of two parts: hypotheses and conclusions.


title: Theorem

text: Some theorems are trivial, since they directly follow from the propositions. Other theorems are called "deep", because their proof is long and difficult. Sometimes, such proofs involve other areas of mathematics or show connections between different areas. A theorem might be simple to state and yet be deep. An excellent example is Fermat's Last Theorem, and there are many other examples of simple yet deep theorems in number theory and combinatorics (among other areas).


title: Theorem

text: There are other theorems for which a proof is known, but cannot be easily written down. Among the best examples are the four color theorem and the Kepler conjecture. Both of these theorems are only known to be true by reducing them to a computational search which is then verified by a computer program. At first, many mathematicians did not accept this form of proof, but it has become more widely accepted over the years. The mathematician Doron Zeilberger has even gone so far as to claim that these are possibly the only nontrivial results that mathematicians have ever proved. Many mathematical theorems can be reduced to simpler computations, including polynomial identities, trigonometric identities and hypergeometric identities.


title: Sheikh Hasina

text: Sheikh Hasina Wazed (; born September 28, 1947) is a Bangladeshi politician. She is the 10th and current Prime Minister of Bangladesh. She has been the President of the Bangladesh Awami League, a major political party, since 1981. She is the oldest of five children of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Sheikh Hasina also held the office, from 1996 to 2001.


title: Axiom

text: An axiom is a concept in logic. It is a statement which is assumed to be true without question, and which does not require proof. It is also known as a postulate (as in the parallel postulate). The axiom is to be used as the premise or starting point for further reasoning or arguments, usually in logic or in mathematics.


title: Axiom

text: This means it cannot be proved within the discussion of a problem. So inside some discussion, it is thought to be true. There are many reasons why it has no proof. For example,


title: Axiom

text: Logic can be used to find theorems from the axioms. Then those theorems can be used to make more theorems. This is often how math works. Axioms are important because logical arguments start with them.


title: Axiom

text: Euclid of Alexandria was a Greek mathematician. Around the year 300 BC, he made the earliest list of axioms which we know of. The following are just a few of them:


title: Lawn

text: A lawn is an area of land planted with grass, and sometimes clover and other plants. Lawns are cut to a low, even height using a lawnmower. Lawns are used for aesthetic (for their beauty) and recreational purposes. Other words used to describe them are turf, pitch, field or green may be used, depending on the sport and the continent. They are often found around buildings, making them a type of yard.


title: Ryan Giggs

text: Giggs was born in Canton, Cardiff, and grew up in Ely, Cardiff. He has Sierra Leonean and Dutch ancestry.


title: Lawn

text: Lawns are generally composed only of grass species, subject to weed and pest control, maintained in green colour, and are regularly maintained to ensure an acceptable length. Lawns are used around, apartments, houses, commercial buildings and offices. Approximately 80% of all homes in the United States have grass lawns. This has resulted in a $40 billion per year industry, with American grass lawns using more water than is used to grow all the wheat and corn in the United States.  In that sense, by water consumption, grass is the United States’ leading “crop” by far, with the Environmental Protection Agency estimating that about 1/3 of all public water is used to water grass, with that number rising as high as 70% in some of the more dry regions of the United States.


title: Ryan Giggs

text: As well as the Wales national team, he also played for the Great Britain squad at the 2012 Summer Olympics and Manchester United, where he has spent his whole career until now. His playing position was as a left winger. Giggs also loves rugby league and follows the Warrington Wolves and Melbourne Storm as his father Danny Wilson is a former rugby league player.


title: Lawn

text: The earliest mention of lawns comes from France during the 1500s. Lawns (as opposed to fields) found their way to England in the 1700s. One acre (0.4 hectare) of lawn would take three gardeners all day to mow using a tool called a scythe. Two centuries later, one person with a lawnmower could do it in an afternoon.


title: Lawn

text: In the 16th Century Renaissance, lawns were deliberately cultivated by the wealthy in both France and England, though they were more likely planted with chamomile or thyme than with grass. Both of these ground covers make excellent alternatives to grass in modern lawns.


title: Lawn

text: Closely shorn grass lawns first emerged in 17th century England at the homes of large, wealthy landowners. While sheep were still grazed on many such park-lands, landowners increasingly depended on human labor to tend the grass closest to their homes. Only the rich could afford to hire the many hands needed to scythe and weed the grass, so a lawn was a mark of wealth and status.


title: Lawn

text: In many parts of the United States lawn care is an important part of home maintenance. a poorly kept up lawn can hurt the value of a home. Families do many things on their lawn. Neighborhood cookouts, birthday parties and outdoor games are just some of the uses.


title: Hatshepsut

text: Hatshepsut (1507–1458 BC), meaning "Foremost of Noble Ladies", was the fifth Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Ancient Egypt. She reigned longer than any other woman of an indigenous Egyptian dynasty.


title: Hatshepsut

text: Her father was Thutmose I. Her predecessor was Thutmose II (her brother and husband). Her successor was Thutmose III, her nephew, the son of Thutmose II by a lesser wife. Thutmose III was co-regent with his stepmother, and was head of the army, but Hatshepsut was the effective ruler, and the named Pharaoh.


title: Hatshepsut

text: Today it is generally recognized that Hatshepsut assumed the position of Pharaoh. The length of her reign usually is given as twenty-two years. The third-century B.C. historian, Manetho, gave that figure of twenty-one years and nine months, and he had access to many records that now are lost. She died in 1458 BC, which means that she became pharaoh in about 1479 BC.


title: Hatshepsut

text: Hatshepsut established the trade networks that had been disrupted during the Hyksos occupation of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.


title: Hatshepsut

text: Many Egyptologists have claimed that her foreign policy was mainly peaceful. However, there is evidence that Hatshepsut led successful military campaigns in Nubia, the Levant, and Syria early in her career.


title: Hatshepsut

text: Hatshepsut was one of the most prolific builders in ancient Egypt. She commissioned hundreds of construction projects throughout both Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt, that were grander and more numerous than those of any of her Middle Kingdom predecessors. Later pharaohs attempted to claim some of her projects as theirs.


title: Hatshepsut

text: She employed the great architect Ineni. He also had worked for her father, her husband, and for the royal vizier Senemut. During her reign, so much statuary was produced that almost every major museum in the world has Hatshepsut statuary among their collections. For example, the Hatshepsut Room in New York City's Metropolitan Museum of Art is made up of some of these pieces.


title: Hatshepsut

text: Following the tradition of most pharaohs, Hatshepsut had monuments built at the Temple of Karnak. At Karnak, she also restored the original Precinct of Mut, an ancient goddess of Egypt, that had been damaged by the Hyksos occupation. She had twin obelisks, at the time the tallest in the world, erected at the entrance to the temple. One still stands, as the tallest surviving ancient obelisk on Earth. The other has broken in two and fallen down.


title: Hatshepsut

text: As with many pharaohs, the masterpiece of Hatshepsut's building projects was her mortuary temple. She built hers in a complex at Deir el-Bahri. It was designed and implemented by Senemut at a site on the West Bank of the Nile River near the entrance to what now is called the Valley of the Kings. The focal point was the Djeser-Djeseru or "the Sublime of Sublimes", a structure of perfect harmony built nearly one thousand years before the Parthenon. Djeser-Djeseru sits on a series of agricultural terraces that once had lush gardens. Djeser-Djeseru is built into a cliff face that rises sharply above it. Djeser-Djeseru and the other buildings of Hatshepsut's Deir el-Bahri complex were significant advances in architecture. Another of her accomplishments is the Hatshepsut needle (the granite obelisk).


title: Hatshepsut

text: The Oracle of Amun proclaimed that it was the will of Amun that Hatshepsut be pharaoh, which strengthened her position. She showed Amun's support by having these proclamations by the god Amun carved on her monuments:


title: Stock exchange

text: A stock exchange, share market or bourse is a place where people meet to buy and sell shares of company stock. Some stock exchanges are real places (like the New York Stock Exchange), others are virtual places (like the NASDAQ).


title: Stock exchange

text: On October 29, 1929, the American stock market crashed on what is known as Black Tuesday. A "crash" means that the prices of stock were lowered greatly, and no one wanted to buy it. Instead, they sold the stock for cheap prices. Also, banks were trying to buy stock with people's money (stored inside the bank), so the banks ran out of money too. Because people could not get money back from banks, only a few people could afford the cost of living. This was the start of the Great Depression.


title: Web 2.0

text: Web 2.0 is considered beneficial because it is easy for people to publish their work, connect with other people, and share and exchange information.


title: Web 2.0

text: To people who use the Internet, wikis and blogs are Web 2.0. Web 2.0 is mostly about user-generated and interactive content.


title: Web 2.0

text: Before Web 2.0, Internet users could just read information on web pages. With Web 2.0, users can interact with the site and add information. In Web 1.0, the previous version, information was only written by the website author.


title: Web 2.0

text: The Internet technology which is used for web 2.0 is not different from the old Internet technology, but the ways people use the web (the Internet) has changed.


title: Web 2.0

text: Some people think that Wikipedia is a great example of "Web 2.0". Many other famous websites, such as Facebook and Youtube, are considered Web 2.0 Websites.


title: Hydrox

text: Hydrox is a cream-filled cookie sandwich made by Leaf Brands. It originally launched in 1908, and was made by Sunshine Biscuits for over 90 years. Hydrox cookies have a sweet filling and a crunchy cookie shell.


title: Hydrox

text: The Oreo cookie, introduced in 1912, was inspired by the Hydrox. The Oreo eventually became more popular than Hydrox which resulted in Hydrox being thought of as a copy of Oreo. Hydrox was mostly closed in 1999 after Sunshine was bought by Keebler, which was later bought by Kellogg's.


title: Hydrox

text: In 2008, fans of Hydrox made thousands of phone calls and an online petition asking Kellogg's to make Hydrox again for its 100th anniversary. Kellogg's started making Hydrox again for less than one year. In September 2015, Leaf Brands began making Hydrox again with a new recipe. Leaf Brands filed a report with the US Federal Trade Commission in 2019. Leaf Brands claimed that the maker of Oreos, Mondelez International, unfairly put Hydrox products behind Oreo products on supermarket shelves.


title: Shavuot

text: Shavuot, or Shavuos in Ashkenazic usage, is a holiday celebrated by Jewish people. They celebrate it to remember the day God gave the Torah to the entire nation of Israel assembled at Mount Sinai. The holiday association between the giving of the Torah ("Matan Torah") and Shavuot is not explicit in the Biblical text.


title: Shavuot

text: Shavuot is celebrated on the sixth day of the Hebrew month of Sivan, which may occur in May or June. It falls 49 days after Passover(Pesach), which comes before Shavuot. It marks the end of the Counting of the Omer (Sefirat HaOmer). Pentecost falls around the time of Shavuot.


title: Shavuot

text: In Secular Jews of the Diaspora, Shavuot is one of the Jewish holidays known to not be celebrated as much, while the people in Israel celebrate it every year.


title: Shavuot

text: Shavuot is celebrated by all types of Orthodox Jewry, ranging from Modern to ultra-Orthodox. It is one of the three pilgrimage holidays celebrated by Jews. (The other two being Passover, and Sukkot, or 'Festival of the Tabernacle'.)


title: Shavuot

text: According to Jewish law, Shavuot is celebrated in Israel for one day and in the Diaspora (outside of Israel) for two days. Reform Jews celebrate only one day.


title: Homo habilis

text: Homo habilis (Latin: "handy man") is one of the early ancestors of modern man who used primitive stone tools. Their remains have been found in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. They are believed to be about 2 million years old. The flat face and large molars of the "Homo habilis" resemble the Australopithecus lineage. The brain size of the "Homo habilis" is about 700 cc (larger than the Australopithecus). An "apelike" (long arms and a small body) body structure was characteristic of the "Homo habilis". They are believed to have been about 1.3 metres tall, and weigh about 37 kilograms. There is still a lot of argument between scientists about the species. They can not all agree on the characteristics, or whether it is even a separate species at all.


title: Waterway

text: A waterway is any body of water that can be used for transportation by people in boats. These include rivers, lakes, oceans, and canals.


title: Waterway

text: They must be wide and deep enough for the boats, and either have no waterfalls and rapids, or have ways for boats to get around them, such as locks.


title: The Coca-Cola Company

text: The Coca-Cola Company is a publicly-traded company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Its stock symbol is KO. It is on the Dow Jones Industrial Average and makes up a large portion of the holdings of Berkshire Hathaway.


title: The Coca-Cola Company

text: The company is most known for making the drink Coca-Cola, the most drank soft drink in the world. It also makes other soft drinks, including:


title: The Coca-Cola Company

text: The company offers 500 different brands and sells more than a billion drinks each day. Most of this is sold in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan and the UK.


title: The Coca-Cola Company

text: Besides soft drinks, the company also makes Minute Maid and Odwalla fruit juices, Powerade, and Dasani bottled water. At one time, the company owned Columbia Pictures, but they are now owned by Sony and also Rockstar energy drink now owned by PepsiCo.


title: Pnictogen

text: The Group 15 elements, also called the pnictogens, Group V elements, or Group VB elements, are a group on the periodic table. They have many different properties. Nitrogen is a colorless unreactive gas that helps us breathe. Phosphorus is a super reactive white or red solid nonmetal. Arsenic is a highly toxic semimetal. Antimony is also a semimetal. Bismuth is a radioactive metal. Moscovium is a man made element that is radioactive. They all have 5 valence electrons but most of them form +5 or -3 chemical compounds.


title: Dice

text: Dice are objects used in games when something random needs to be done, such as moving a game piece a random number of places on a board. Most dice are cubes that have the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 on the faces. Dice are sometimes made in other polyhedral shapes than cubes, but the six-sided die ("die" is the singular of "dice") is the most common. A die is usually rolled by the player’s hand. When adding together opposite sides of typical cubical dice, the sum is always 7.


title: Dice

text: Some games are played with two or more dice and some use only one. Some games that use dice are Monopoly, Yahtzee, Risk, and many more.


title: Dice

text: Weights can be put inside a die to make it only land on a certain number once it is rolled. This is sometimes used as a way of cheating.


title: Dice

text: There are many different types of dice. Some dice have different numbers of sides. These are called polyhedral dice. They are used in some games like Dungeons & Dragons.


title: Dice

text: Some dice do not have numbers on them at all. Instead, they have letters, pictures, or other symbols on them. Some games use these when they need something random that is not a number. For example, some word games use dice with letters to give the players random letters they have to use in the game.


title: New Kids on the Block

text: New Kids on the Block are an American pop group who were formed in Boston, Massachusetts in 1984. They had many hit songs in the 1980s and 1990s. They disbanded in 1994 and regrouped in 2008.


title: Quebec City

text: Quebec City (Ville de Québec in French) is the capital of the Canadian province of Quebec. It is the second largest city in Quebec, behind Montreal. It is known for its winter fair, beautiful churches, and an old hotel called Château Frontenac. It is next to the Saint Lawrence River. There are almost 700,000 people in the whole area.


title: Quebec City

text: The city was created in 1608 at a First Nations (native) Canadian place called Stadacona. People came from France to live there. The English captured the city in 1759 during the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. The walls made to keep the city safe are still there. The walls that surrounded Old Quebec are the only remaining fortified city walls that still exist in the Americas north of Mexico. They were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985.


title: Norman language

text: Norman is a language spoken mainly in Normandy. It is a Romance language (a language which comes from Latin). It is closely related to French and is often called "Norman French". After the Norman Conquest, Norman changed the English language considerably.


title: Norman language

text: No one now uses Sercquiais or Auregnais as their first language, but Jèrriais and Guernésiais are still used.


title: Cognitive psychology

text: Cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology that looks at basic actions of the mind. These are aspects of the higher brain, such as thought, feeling, problem solving, memory, and language. Cognitive psychologists often look at mental changes that happen after a stimulus (things that can be felt by the five senses) and before a behavioral response (what a person does after sensing something).


title: Cognitive psychology

text: Cognitive psychology had its beginnings in the Gestalt psychology of Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka, and in the work of Jean Piaget, who came up with a theory of "stages" or "phases" that describe children's cognitive development.


title: Bill Cosby

text: William Henry Cosby Jr. (; born July 12, 1937) is an American former stand-up comedian, actor, author, producer, musician, and activist. He was also a regular star of movies and television. He was known for creating and starring in "The Cosby Show".


title: Bill Cosby

text: He got out of prison in 2021, because the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania found that the justice system had made a mistake in the process of convicting him.


title: Bill Cosby

text: He is the creator of such shows as Filmation's animated "Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids", NBC's "The Cosby Show" (in which he played a doctor named Heathcliff Huxtable) and Nick at Nite's "Fatherhood" (with Blair Underwood).


title: Bill Cosby

text: On television, he starred in the 1960s spy spoof "I Spy", and has also advertised Jell-o and other products.


title: Bill Cosby

text: In 1983, Cosby released the concert film "Bill Cosby." Cosby performed his first TV stand-up special in 30 years.


title: Bill Cosby

text: On the big screen, he appeared in "Leonard Part 6" (1987), "Ghost Dad" (1990), and "The Meteor Man" (1993).


title: Bill Cosby

text: On May 2, 2015, his last show of the "Far from Finished" tour was performed at the Cobb Energy Performing Arts Centre in Atlanta, Georgia.


title: Bill Cosby

text: His last known standup performance prior to his conviction was held at the LaRose Jazz Club in Philadelphia on January 23, 2018.


title: Bill Cosby

text: Cosby married Camille Hanks Cosby in 1964. Together, they have five children: Erika, Erinn, Ennis, Ensa and Evin. Cosby lives in suburban Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Cosbys have three grandchildren.


title: Bill Cosby

text: As of December 30, 2015, numerous civil lawsuits are active against Cosby, and he faces one felony charge of aggravated indecent assault in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania; a warrant was issued for his arrest. This charge is based on the 2005 allegations of a January 2004 incident. He was released on a $1 million dollar bail later that day.


title: Bill Cosby

text: In 2014, Cosby was set to release his new standup special "Bill Cosby 77" on Netflix. The release of the film was canceled due to allegations of sexual assault against Cosby.


title: Bill Cosby

text: Cosby's trial started on June 5, 2017. He was found guilty of three counts of assault on April 26, 2018, and was sentenced to 3–10 years in prison in late September 2018. He used lawyer Thomas Mesereau.


title: Bill Cosby

text: Cosby got out of prison on 30 June 2021, because the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania found that the justice system had made a mistake in the process of convicting him. In 2022, the Supreme Court of the United States decided to not hear the case about Cosby getting out of prison.


title: Bill Cosby

text: Cosby has been awarded at least 57 honorary degrees since 1985. Several of these honorary degrees have been rescinded due to allegations of sexual assault and/or immoral behavior:


title: Il Canto degli Italiani

text: "Il Canto degli Italiani" (; "The Song of the Italians") also known as "Inno di Mameli" (; Mameli's Hymn, from the name of the author) and "Fratelli d'Italia" (; "Brothers of Italy", from the incipit) is the Italian national anthem.


title: Il Canto degli Italiani

text: The words were written by Goffredo Mameli in the autumn of 1847 in Genoa when he was 20-years-old. The words were later set to music by Michele Novaro in the same year. The song was successful during the Risorgimento because of hopes in the unification of the Italy.


title: Il Canto degli Italiani

text: After the unification in 1861, however, the "Marcia Reale" was adopted as Savoy's official anthem. "Il Canto degli Italiani" became the anthem of Italy after 1946, when Italy became a republic.


title: Sepultura

text: Sepultura is a thrash metal/death metal/groove metal band from Brazil that has sold over 15 million albums worldwide. The brothers Max and Igor Cavalera started it in Belo Horizonte in 1984. The two brothers have left the band since, Max in 1996, and Igor in 2006, with American singer Derrick Green and drummer Jean Dolabella replacing them after their exits, although Dolabella left in 2011 to be replaced with Eloy Casagrande.


title: Sepultura

text: The band's name is Portuguese for the word "grave". The Cavalera brothers chose this name after translating English band Motorhead's song called "Dancing On Your Grave".


title: Sepultura

text: Singer Wagner Lamounier and bass player Paulo Jr. were the first stable members to join the band along the Cavaleras. Lamounier left after a year, and Max decided to sing and play guitar. The band added a second guitar player named Jairo Guedez. These members recorded their first album, "Morbid Visions", in 1986. The song "Troops of Doom" from this album gave the band some popularity.


title: Sepultura

text: Guedez left after the album was released, being replaced by Andreas Kisser. This line-up lasted until 1996 and did many things. They recorded five more albums from 1987 to 1996. Sepultura began to play music that sounded more like thrash metal than death or black metal for their next three albums: "Schizophrenia" (1987), "Beneath The Remains" (1989) and "Arise" (1991). Their next two albums sounded more like groove metal. They were named "Chaos A.D." (1993) and "Roots" (1996). Popular songs from "Chaos A.D." include "Refuse/Resist" and "Territory". On "Roots", they had a song they recorded with the Brazilian Xavantes tribe called Itsari, who also toured with them.


title: Sepultura

text: Conflicts between Max and the other members led to Max leaving the band. He was replaced with American singer Derrick Green. Although the band's album sales lowered with each album released with Green, he is still in the group. With Sepultura, Green has helped record the albums "Against" (1998), "Nation" (2001), "Roorback" (2003), "Dante XXI" (2006), "A-Lex" (2009) and "Kairos" (2011).


title: Sepultura

text: After Sepultura released "Dante XXI" in 2006"," Igor Cavalera left the band. A year later, he made up with his brother Max, and the two formed The Cavalera Conspiracy. Igor's first replacement in Sepultura was Jean Dolabella, who recorded "A-Lex" and "Kairos" with the band before quitting. The band's drummer today is Eloy Casagrande.


title: Chlorofluorocarbon

text: A chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) is a gas used for various purposes including solvents, refrigerants, and aerosol sprays. They are organic chemicals and contain carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine. They were much used in the middle of the 20th century, replacing chemicals that were toxic or flammable or had other problems.


title: Chlorofluorocarbon

text: In 1978, Sweden became the first country that banned CFC products. Later, the US and Canada did the same. Now, CFC products are not allowed in most countries, because they cause ozone depletion. CFCs are greenhouse gases. An alternative to chlorofluorocarbons is hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). These do not destroy the ozone layer or increase global warming.


title: Yut

text: Yut is a traditional Korean board game played mainly during the period from Korean New Year to the first full moon. "Cheok-sa" and "sa-hee" are the other names of the game. Its origin is not clear, but it seems that the game was started from the age of ancient Korea called Three-Kingdoms. The game is played by throwing four sticks, and moving marks on the board according to shapes of the sticks that fell down. During Korean New Year, many people play the game because it can be enjoyed anywhere by players of any age.


title: Yut

text: The equipment of the game consists of a board, four yut sticks, and four marks, called "mal", per each team. The board, which is normally rectangular shaped, is made of various materials like stitched cloth, paper, or leather. It includes a circle with a cross in the center, and 28 circles around this cross. The sticks determine how far a "mal" can advance. The stick has two sides; one is round, and the other flat. It is usually made of wood from chestnut trees. Players can move their "mal" from one circle to another, based on the results that their sticks indicate. Any item can be used for a "mal", if it can be distinguished from the "mal" of opposite teams.


title: Yut

text: The facing of the sticks after being thrown indicate the movements of each team’s "mal". There are five possibilities: "do, gae, geol, yut", and "mo", meaning five livestock, pigs, dogs, cow, sheep, and horses. "Do", when the flat side of only one stick faces upward, means a one-step advance. When two flat sides are up, it means "gae", which is a two-step advance. "Geol" is three flat sides up, which is a three-step advance, and "yut", where all four sticks are lying flat side up, means a four-step advance. When all four sticks face round side up, it is "mo" which means a five-step advance. Each team normally throw the sticks in turn, but players get one more chance to throw the sticks when they throw a "yut" or "mo".


title: Yut

text: Players can move only one "mal" per each movement, unless "mals" are grouped in one. When a "mal" reaches the big circles in the center, or reaches the others in each corner, players can move their "mal" in a shortcut. There are four possible routes to move "mal" when considering shortcuts. When a "mal" reaches a circle that is already occupied by a "mal" of an opposing team, the "mal" of the opposing team is captured by the new mal, and must restart from the starting point. If a mal lands on a circle with another mal of same team, the two mals can make a group, and move together. The first team causing all of their mals to reach the starting point again becomes the winner of game.


title: Narrator

text: A narrator is a person who tells a story to an audience. Narrators occur in face-to-face story-telling, and in literary works, movies, and plays. They can be fictional, or they can be real people. When the narrator is also a character within the story, he or she is sometimes known as the viewpoint character. The narrator is one of three parts in any story-telling. The others are the author and the audience; in literature, the latter is the reader.


title: Narrator

text: The author and the audience both live in the real world. It is the author's function to create the universe, people, and events within the story. It is the audience's function to understand and interpret the story. The narrator only exists within the world of the story and presents it in a way the audience can grasp. In non-fiction the narrator and the author may be the same person, since the real world and the world of the story may be the same.


title: War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

text: The War in Afghanistan was a war fought by the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, The Netherlands, Australia and other countries against the Taliban and Al-Qaeda, after the terrorist attacks against the US on September 11, 2001.


title: War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

text: On 31 August 2021 (local time), the war ended as the last coalition soldiers (from foreign countries), left Afghanistan.


title: War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

text: The war started when the US invaded Afghanistan in 2001. The US and its allies forced the Taliban and Al-Qaeda to hide. In December 2001, the US and its allies founded a new government for Afghanistan. Its president was Hamid Karzai.


title: War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

text: By February 2002, 5,000.00 soldiers from ISAF (or "International Security Assistance Force") were in Afghanistan. That military force was led by United States. ISAF's soldiers were on loan from the militaries of NATO countries and allied countries. In 2012 ISAF was at its maximum: 130,000 soldiers (in Afghanistan).


title: War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

text: In 2004 Hamid Karzai started as the first president of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Even though the Taliban had lost power, they formed a "shadow government". Taliban insurgents, or fighters, controlled many parts of Afghanistan, and enforced their own laws.


title: War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

text: British troops left Afghanistan in 2015, after 5 years of training the Afghanistan police to deal with threats from the Taliban.


title: War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

text: After security deteriorated, American soldiers returned and over 10,000 were in the country at the end of 2017. In 2020, the US and NATO allies promised to leave Afghanistan as long as the Taliban agreed to certain things: not allowing terrorists to operate in its area, and starting peace talks with the Afghanistan government. In mid-2021, the Taliban began a military offensive to enlarge their territory as US and allied forces began to leave. By August 15, 2021, the Taliban had recaptured Kabul and defeated the Afghan government.


title: War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

text: During the 2021 evacuation from Afghanistan, over 150,000 people chose to to be taken out of Afghanistan; They were diplomats, other civilian staff, other civilians, and military staff.


title: War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

text: The last military airplanes of the United States, left the airport in Kabul, one minute before 31 August 2021.


title: War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

text: More than 15,000 Coalition soldiers were wounded: 6,773 US, 3,954 UK, 1,500 Canadian and over 2,500 other Coalition soldiers. 5,500 Afghan army soldiers and 200 Northern Alliance militants were killed in this war. 378 US civilian contractors were killed and 7,224.


title: Wikipedia Monument

text: The Wikipedia Monument () is a statue designed by Armenian sculptor Mihran Hakobyan honoring Wikipedia contributors. It is located in Słubice, Poland.


title: Wikipedia Monument

text: The fiber and resin sculpture cost about 50,000 złotys (about $14,000; 12,000 euros). It was funded by Słubice regional authorities. It was unveiled in Frankfurt Square (Plac Frankfurcki) on 22 October 2014 in a ceremony that included representatives from both local Wikimedia chapters and the Wikimedia Foundation.


title: Woodward's rules

text: They give information about the wavelength of the absorption maximum (symbol λ ) in an ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectrum of a compound. The rules are named after Robert Burns Woodward. He was a Harvard University professor who won the 1965 Nobel Prize in chemistry. The rules are sometimes called the Woodward-Fieser rules, to also honor Louis Fieser.


title: Woodward's rules

text: The rules build the prediction on the type of chromophores present, the substituents on the chromophores, and changes due to the solvent. Examples are conjugated carbonyl compounds, conjugated dienes, and polyenes.


title: Woodward's rules

text: One set of Woodward-Fieser rules for dienes is shown in table one. A diene is either homoannular with both double bonds contained in one ring or heteroannular with two double bonds distributed between two rings.


title: Woodward's rules

text: In the compound on the left the base value is 214 nm (a heteroannular diene). This diene group has 4 alkyl substituents (labeled 1,2,3,4) and the double bond in one ring is exocyclic to the other (adding 5 nm for an exocyclic double bond). In the compound on the right, the diene is homoannular with 4 alkyl substituents. Both double bonds in the central B ring are exocyclic with respect to rings A and C.


title: Calligraphy

text: Calligraphy is the art of writing. The word is from the Greek language and means "beautiful writing". In the west, this was an interest in decorating words on the page. Calligraphy in the Western world was always considered a minor art.


title: Calligraphy

text: East Asian calligraphy was a "high art" form before the Tang Dynasty. It continues to have a high status among the arts. It is practiced today by many people including school children.


title: Soulja Boy

text: DeAndre Cortez Way (born July 28, 1990), professionally known as Soulja Boy Tell 'Em or simply Soulja Boy, is an American rapper and record producer. He is widely known for the songs "Crank That (Soulja Boy)" and "Tell 'Em".


title: Soulja Boy

text: He has brought out two albums, called "souljaboytellem.com" and "iSouljaBoyTellEm". Most critics dislike his music, with Entertainment Weekly called souljaboytellem.com a "teenage wasteland" and Artistdirect stating that iSouljaBoyTellEm "falls flat."


title: Soulja Boy

text: Soulja Boy also had an argument with Ice-T. After the argument, rappers such as Kanye West and 50 Cent defended Soulja Boy and rappers such as Snoop Dogg and Method Man defended Ice-T.


title: Thomas (name)

text: Thomas is a masculine given name. "Tom" or "Thom" are short versions of Thomas. "Tommy" is commonly used.


title: Mindanao

text: Mindanao is one of the three main island groups in the Philippines. It is the southernmost major island of the Philippines, and is the only island in the Philippines to have many Muslim people. Mindanao is northeast of Sabah. It may also refer to the main island in the group.


title: Electrostatics

text: Electrostatics (also known as "static electricity") is the branch of physics that deals with apparently stationary electric charges.


title: Electrostatics

text: Electrostatics involves the buildup of charge on the surface of objects due to contact with other surfaces.


title: Electrostatics

text: Although charge exchange happens whenever any two surfaces contact and separate, the effects of charge exchange are usually only noticed when at least one of the surfaces has a high resistance to electrical flow. This is because the charges that transfer to or from the highly resistive surface are more or less trapped there for a long enough time for their effects to be observed.


title: Electrostatics

text: These charges then remain on the object until they either bleed off to the ground or are quickly neutralized by a discharge: e.g., the familiar phenomenon of a static 'shock' is caused by the neutralization of charge built up in the body from contact with non-conductive surfaces.


title: Pharrell Williams

text: Pharrell Lanscilo Williams (; born April 5, 1973) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. Williams and Chad Hugo are members of The Neptunes. They produce hip hop, pop and R&B music. He is also the lead vocalist of the band N*E*R*D. He formed the band with Hugo and childhood friend Shay Haley. He released his first single "Frontin'" in 2003. His first studio album "In My Mind" was released in 2006.


title: Pharrell Williams

text: As part of the Neptunes, Williams has produced many singles for various musicians. These artists include Jay-Z, Backstreet Boys, Blackstreet, Ludacris, Rage Against the Machine, Britney Spears, Busta Rhymes, Garbage, Mary J. Blige, and Usher. The two have earned three Grammy Awards in ten nominations. He is also the co-founder of the streetwear brands Billionaire Boys Club and Ice Cream footwear.


title: Pharrell Williams

text: Williams became more well-known worldwide during 2013 and 2014, when he was featured on Robin Thicke's single "Blurred Lines" with T.I. (which he produced) and released his own single, "Happy", for the movie "Despicable Me 2". Both songs reached number one in several countries around the world, including the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. He was also featured on Daft Punk's single "Get Lucky", another international chart-topper.


title: Pharrell Williams

text: Williams and model/designer Helen Lasichanh have a son, Rocket Williams (born in 2008). The couple married on October 12, 2013. In January 2017, the couple welcomed triplets.


title: Andrew Lincoln

text: Andrew James Clutterbuck (born 14 September 1973), better known by his stage name Andrew Lincoln, is an English actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Rick Grimes in the AMC drama series "The Walking Dead". He first came to public attention as Egg in the BBC drama "This Life", followed by roles such as Simon in the Channel 4 sitcom "Teachers" and Mark in the romantic comedy movie "Love Actually".


title: Andrew Lincoln

text: Lincoln was born in London. He is the son of a civil engineer father and a nurse mother. His family moved to Kingston upon Hull when he was 18 months old. Then they moved to Bath, Somerset when he was eight or nine. He attended Beechen Cliff School. He had his first acting role at the age of 14 as the Artful Dodger in a school production of "Oliver!". He spent a summer at the National Youth Theatre in London. He became interested in acting as a career. After leaving school, he studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts (RADA). He began to use "Andrew Lincoln" as his stage name.


title: Pogo (TV channel)

text: Pogo is an Indian cable and satellite television channel created by Turner International India. It is owned by WarnerMedia under its International division as a part of the CN brand.


title: Pogo (TV channel)

text: The television channel broadcasts very popular kids animated series. like, Chhota Bheem, Mr. Bean: The Animated Series, Kalari Kids, and Mighty Raju.


title: Pogo (TV channel)

text: Pogo channel was officially launched on 1 January 2004 by Turner International India. Broadcasting animation and live-action shows, Pogo is Turner's only-for-India kids entertainment network. It is operated by WarnerMedia Entertainment Networks Asia Pacific. It is also the sister channel of Cartoon Network India. When it launched, the channel mostly aired shows like "Tweenies", "Beakman's World" and "Looney Tunes".


title: Pogo (TV channel)

text: Pogo broadcast mostly anime, American and other foreign shows as well as some Indian series. Then from 2019 to 2020, the channel has shifted its focus to Indian animation.


title: Pogo (TV channel)

text: In Thailand, Pogo was available as a two-hour block on Family Channel 13. In Pakistan, Pogo is available as a block on Cartoon Network.


title: Dungeons and Dragons Satanic Panic

text: In the 1980s, the fantasy roleplaying game "Dungeons & Dragons" was attacked and accused of supporting Satanism, and leading people to commit suicide.


title: Dungeons and Dragons Satanic Panic

text: Some religious beliefs and fear of the unknown led to false accusations against things that were different from the norm. The protest against it changed the game forever and made players have to adapt to new rules. Many wanted to stop D&D completely, but in the end  compromises were made and the game is enjoyed by millions today.


title: Dungeons and Dragons Satanic Panic

text: In the 1980s, fear of the occult was a big problem. It all began when a mother believed her daughter's daycare center was teaching her to support and worship Satan. Daycare centers were very new back then and parents were afraid of the safety of their children. This one mother's accusation led an investigation as other parents started making false claims.