title: Rajinikanth filmography

text: He made his cinematic debut with K. Balachander's 1975 Tamil drama "Apoorva Raagangal", in which he played a minor role of an abusive husband. He had his first major role in Balachander's Telugu drama film "Anthuleni Katha" (1976), and got his breakthrough in Tamil with "Moondru Mudichu" (1976)—also directed by Balachander. His style and mannerisms in the latter earned recognition from the audience. In 1977, he acted in 15 films, playing negative characters in most of them, including "Avargal", "16 Vayathinile", "Aadu Puli Attam" and "Gaayathri". He had positive roles in "Kavikkuyil", the Kannada film "Sahodarara Savaal", and the Telugu film "Chilakamma Cheppindi", in which he played the protagonist for the first time in his career. His role as a failed lover in S. P. Muthuraman's "Bhuvana Oru Kelvikkuri" (1977) won him critical acclaim. In 1978, he was cast as the main lead in the Tamil film "Bairavi". The same year, he received critical acclaim for his roles in "Mullum Malarum" and "Aval Appadithan"; the former earned him a Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize for Best Actor. He made his Malayalam cinema debut with I. V. Sasi's fantasy drama "Allauddinum Albhutha Vilakkum" (1979), an adaptation of a story from "One Thousand and One Nights". By the end of the decade, he had worked in all South Indian languages and established a career in Tamil cinema.


title: Rajinikanth filmography

text: He played dual roles in the action thriller "Billa" (1980), which was a remake of the Bollywood film "Don" (1978). It was his biggest commercial success to that point and gave him the "action-hero" image. Balachander's "Thillu Mullu" (1981), the Tamil remake of the Bollywood film "Gol Maal" (1979), was Rajinikanth's first full-length comedy film. He played triple roles in the 1982 Tamil film "Moondru Mugam", which earned him a special prize at the Tamil Nadu State Film Awards ceremony. The following year, he made his Bollywood debut with Rama Rao Tatineni's "Andha Kanoon"; it was among the top-grossing Bollywood films in 1983. Muthuraman's "Nallavanuku Nallavan" (1984) won him that year's Filmfare Award for Best Tamil Actor. In 1985, he portrayed the Hindu saint Raghavendra Swami in his 100th film "Sri Raghavendrar", a box-office failure. In the latter half of the 1980s, he starred in several films in Tamil and Hindi, including "Padikkadavan" (1985), "Mr. Bharath" (1986), "Bhagwaan Dada" (1986), "Velaikaran" (1987), "Guru Sishyan" (1988) and "Dharmathin Thalaivan" (1988). During this time, he made his debut in American cinema with a supporting role in the mystery adventure film "Bloodstone" (1988), a box-office failure.


title: Rajinikanth filmography

text: Rajinikanth continued to act in Bollywood, often playing supporting roles in films such as "Hum", "Khoon Ka Karz", and "Phool Bane Angaray" (all in 1991). Mani Ratnam's Tamil film "Thalapathi" (1991), based on the Indian epic "Mahabharata", earned him critical acclaim. Suresh Krissna's "Annamalai" (1992), P. Vasu's "Mannan" (1992) and "Uzhaippali" (1993) are among his box-office successes in Tamil. He made his debut as a screenwriter with "Valli" (1993), a commercial failure. The Suresh Krissna-directed "Baashha", in which he played a crime boss, was a major commercial success in his career and earned him a "demigod" status in Tamil Nadu. Later that year he acted in K. S. Ravikumar's "Muthu", which was dubbed into Japanese. In Japan, the film grossed a record US$1.6 million in 1998 and was largely instrumental in creating a fan-base for Rajinikanth in the country. "Padayappa" (1999), his second collaboration with Ravikumar, went on to become the highest-grossing Tamil film to that point. In 2002 Rajinikanth produced, wrote and starred in the fantasy thriller "Baba", which fell short of market expectations and incurred heavy losses for its distributors. After a three-year sabbatical, he returned to acting with the comedy horror film "Chandramukhi" (2005); it went on to become the highest-grossing Tamil film to that point, and its theatrical run lasted 126 weeks at a theatre in Chennai. Rajinikanth was paid 260 million for his role in S. Shankar's "Sivaji" (2007), which made him the second-highest paid actor in Asia after Jackie Chan. He played dual roles, as a scientist and an andro-humanoid robot, in the science fiction film "Enthiran" (2010). It was India's most expensive production at the time of its release, and is among the highest-grossing Indian films of all time. He played triple roles in the 2014 animated film "Kochadaiiyaan", the first in India to be shot with motion capture technology; it was a commercial failure. Two years later, Rajinikanth played a Malaysian Tamil crime boss in Pa. Ranjith's "Kabali", which had the biggest weekend opening for an Indian film.


title: Chili pepper

text: Chili pepper (not to be confused with the country called Chile) is the fruit of a series of plants called Capsicum (nightshade family). Chilis are now grown all over the world, but originally, they came from Mexico. They are used as spices or as vegetables, and also have some use in medicine.


title: Chili pepper

text: Chili peppers have been a part of the human diet in the Americas since at least 7500 BCE. Chili peppers were domesticated over 6000 years ago in Mexico. Since then, chili peppers could be farmed throughout all of Mexico, Central America, and parts of South America.


title: Chili pepper

text: The word "chili" is spelled differently in different countries. They can be spelled as chili, chilli, and chile.


title: Cross-sex friendship

text: A cross-sex friendship is a friendship between an unrelated male and female. The term is neutral as regards to sexual implications. There may or may not be any kind of sexual feelings in one or both parties.


title: Shirt

text: A shirt is a kind of cloth which is made to cover the upper body. In North America, shirts can mean T-shirts, polo shirts, etc. In Britain, a shirt has a collar, sleeves with cuffs and split in half with buttons on one side. (North Americans would call this a "dress shirt", a specific type of "collared shirt"). Some shirts have sleeves, that cover the arms. T-shirts are a type of shirt that has shorter sleeves. These sleeves cover the shoulders. Shirts that do not have sleeves are called "sleeveless".


title: Beaver

text: A beaver is large rodent. It is "semi-aquatic": some of the time it lives in water, some of the time it lives on land. Beavers are only found in North America and Europe. In Great Britain, for example, they have been deliberately re-introduced. In Europe, they almost died off, but they are returning. There are beavers living in the Elbe and Rhone rivers, as well as in Bavaria, Poland and Scandinavia. Beavers are known for building and keeping dams in rivers.


title: Beaver

text: Their dams slow down rivers and reduce erosion. The wetlands they create benefit many other species. Special arrangements are needed to let salmon and other migratory fish pass the dams to spawn.


title: Beaver

text: There are two different species of beaver, the American beaver ("C. canadensis") and the European beaver ("C. fiber").


title: Beaver

text: This beaver is in North America, in Canada, the United States and in Northern Mexico. It is the second largest rodent in the world, and the largest found in North America. The largest rodent of the world is the capybara in South America.


title: Beaver

text: The European beaver is currently an endangered species. It was hunted almost to extinction. This was done because of its fur, and because of castoreum. Castoreum is made by a gland, which is also responsible for the smell of the animal. It is used as a tincture in some perfumes


title: Beaver

text: People are currently (2007) reintroducing the beaver, because the important role of the beaver for the ecology of rivers was discovered. Beaver dams (or the small lakes that form) provide a habitat for many species.


title: Beaver

text: Early visitors that met Native Americans saw them wearing animal skin blankets. The fur on these blankets were good for felting. The Europeans wanted felt hats, and the Native Americans wanted metal: so, fur trading began.


title: Beaver

text: Beaver was the most popular fur for hats. At that time in North America, there were about sixty million beavers. Only the soft inside fur was used for felting. The best time for collecting the beaver's fur was winter, when the fur was thickest. It was also a good time to hunt, since the beaver stayed close to its home in the winter and was easy to catch. The fur trade gave money to the European traders. The Indians who caught the beavers got the metal tools and other high technology items they wanted, until the beavers were mostly gone.


title: Leslie Caron

text: Caron was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, France to a French father and an American mother. She began taking ballet lessons at age 10 and joined Roland Petit's Ballet des Champs-Elysée in 1947 and quickly became one of the lead dancers of the company.


title: Leslie Caron

text: Noticed by Gene Kelly, she went to Hollywood to appear with him in the film "An American in Paris" (1951), which introduced her to the American public. She went on to appear in other musical films such as "Lili" (1953), for which she won a BAFTA Award for best actress, "The Glass Slipper" (1955), "Daddy Long Legs" (1955), opposite Fred Astaire, "Gaby" (1956) and "Gigi" (1958), to considerable acclaim.


title: Leslie Caron

text: In the 1960s, she turned to more dramatic roles in "Fanny" (1961), "The L-Shaped Room" (1962), which earned her a Golden Globe Award and a second BAFTA for best actress. She returned to romantic-comedy with "Father Goose" (1964), opposite Cary Grant. She also appeared in the war-thriller "Is Paris Burning?" (1966).


title: Leslie Caron

text: She has continued to work in films and on television in the United States and France: "Carola" (1973), "QB VII" (1974), "The Man Who Loved Women" (1977), "Valentino" (1977), "Chocolat" (2000), and "Law and Order" (2006), for which she won an Emmy Award.


title: Leslie Caron

text: She was married to British stage director Peter Hall from 1956 until 1965, with whom she had two children, Christopher (b. 1957) and Jennifer (b. 1958). From 1994 to 1995, she was partners with Robert Wolders.


title: Leslie Caron

text: In 2008, Caron claimed her American citizenship because her mother was born in the United States. She became a citizen in time to vote for Barack Obama for President.


title: Bill Maher

text: William "Bill" Maher, Jr., (; born January 20 1956) is an American stand-up comedian, television host, political commentator, actor, and author. He hosted the late-night television talk show "Politically Incorrect" on Comedy Central and ABC, and is currently the host of "Real Time with Bill Maher" on HBO. The show has been nominated for more than ten Emmy Awards. On June 1, 2006, he also began hosting an Internet-exclusive talk show on Amazon.com entitled "Amazon Fishbowl".


title: Bill Maher

text: Mahrer is a supporter of the pro-animal welfare group, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. He has said that marijuana should be legal. He feels that more problems are caused by it being illegal than would be caused if it were legal.


title: Bill Maher

text: Maher has disagreed with many religious beliefs. He says that they can create problems for society. He was the host of the documentary, "Religulous" that dealt with religion and how it affects society in the United States. Maher is also the creator of the website Disbeliefnet. He has said that morality and religion are not the same thing and that religion is used as a reason to oppose gay rights.


title: Neil Young

text: Neil Percival Young (born November 12, 1945) is a Canadian-American musician and old man. He is known for his country and rock songs.


title: Neil Young

text: Many of his songs have a political and/or personal message. He was also a member of the groups Buffalo Springfield and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young.


title: Neil Young

text: Some of his best-known songs are "Heart of Gold", "Helpless", "After the Gold Rush", "Rockin' in the Free World", "Cinnamon Girl", "Southern Man" and "Like a Hurricane".


title: Neil Young

text: Young has explored many different styles of music during his career, and not all his records have been popular. During the 1980s, he was sued by his record company, Geffen Records, who believed he was making records that would not sell very many copies on purpose. Young won out over Geffen in court.


title: Neil Young

text: Sometimes, people call him the "Godfather of Grunge" because the style of some of his songs led to the kind of music called grunge music that started to be popular in the early 1990s.


title: Neil Young

text: From 1978 until their divorce in 2014, he was married to singer-songwriter Pegi Young. They had two children.


title: Neil Young

text: Young is known as an environmental and political activist and his views can sometimes be found in the lyrics of his songs. He is a long-time supporter of the family farmer. In 1985 Young, along with Willie Nelson and John Mellencamp, co-founded the benefit concert called Farm Aid which has continued every year to help raise money to keep farmers in business. He also did not support George W. Bush when he was the president of the United States, and even wrote a song called "Let's Impeach the President" about how he thought Bush should lose his powers.


title: Neil Young

text: In the 1970s, Young released two songs (on his "After The Gold Rush" and "Harvest" albums) critical of racism in the Southern United States. These songs were called "Southern Man" and "Alabama". Lynyrd Skynyrd, a band from the Southern United States, made a song in response called "Sweet Home Alabama" that has become a very popular rock classic. Young's name is said in the lyrics of "Sweet Home Alabama".


title: Neil Young

text: Neil Young has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, first as a solo artist in 1995 and again as a member of Buffalo Springfield in 1997.


title: Port wine

text: Port wine (also called "Vinho do Porto", "Oporto, Porto", and often simply "Port") is a Portuguese wine.


title: Port wine

text: Porto is a fortified wine. This means its alcohol is stronger than ordinary wine. This has the effect of making the wine long-lasting even after the bottle has been opened. Porto is a sweet wine, but comes as dry or semi-dry also. It is often served as a dessert wine.


title: Port wine

text: Port is made in the Douro Valley in the northern provinces of Portugal. Wines which are similar to the Portuguese product called "port" are made in several countries around the world. The biggest producers are Australia, South Africa, India, Canada and the United States. However, under European Union guidelines, only the product from Portugal may be labelled as "Port". In the United States, Federal law mandates that the Portuguese-made product be labeled "Porto" or "Vinho do Porto".


title: Port wine

text: Port is produced from grapes grown and processed in the Douro region. The Douro valley where Port wine is produced was defined and established as a protected region, or appellation in 1756. It is the oldest defined and protected wine region in the world.


title: Port wine

text: The wine produced is then fortified with the addition of a Brandy (distilled grape spirits). This is done to stop the fermentation leaving residual sugar in the wine and to increase the alcohol content. The wine is then stored and aged. For ageing, it is often put in barrels stored in "caves" After aging, it is bottled.


title: Port wine

text: The wine got its name, "Port," in the second half of the 17th century from the seaport city of Porto at the mouth of the Douro River. Much of the product was brought there. It was then either sold on a market or exported to other countries in Europe.


title: Thought experiment

text: A thought experiment is an experiment that takes place in people's minds instead of in a laboratory or in the real world. In a real-life experiment, people can see and measure changes, but thought experiments only show special ways of thinking. Anyone can do a thought experiment.


title: Thought experiment

text: The usual goal of a thought experiment is to show what might happen: "if this were true, what would follow from it?"


title: Thought experiment

text: The history of science has many thought experiments in it. Hans Christian Ørsted was the first to use the German term ' (means 'thought experiment') in about 1812.


title: Thought experiment

text: Posing hypothetical questions had been done for long time (by scientists and philosophers). However, people had no way of talking about it.


title: The Herd (South African series)

text: The Herd is a South African television drama which aired on Sunday, 08 July 2018 on Mzansi Magic. Season 2 will air on 7th of April 2019 in South Africa's DStv. The drama ended with slight an abnormal plot on Sunday, 30th June 2019 after a thirteen 13-part episodes.


title: The Herd (South African series)

text: The Herd first season tells a remarkable storyline about a farmer who kills his wife because of greed, love, lust and power. In 1997 a young man called Nyambose and his wife visit a witchdoctor in there area to fix there farm, everything is going wrong. When a baby is born Nyambose sacrifice his wife as told by the witch doctor and everything goes back to normal, but will it forever.


title: The Herd (South African series)

text: Years later, Nyambose decides to marry the witchdoctor who goes by the name of MaNgadi. MaNgadi and family are living a happy life, until Nyambose's daughter Kayise comes home with a degree from Johannesburg in Gauteng where she studied. Nyambose and MaNgadi lie to Kayise and tells her that her mother killed herself. MaNgadi decides to kill lure Nyambose to kill his daughter Kayise, but he insist.


title: The Herd (South African series)

text: Cruel, MaNgadi is told to kill a chicken and cook it and feed it to Kayise's father so that he can kill Kayise, while Nkosana is busy dealing with drugs. A girl kidnaps Kayise, and while they still at it they fall in love, the girl knew who killed Kayises mother and tells her. Curious Kayise doesn't believe the story. In the end MaNgadi decides to kill her son Nkosana and leaves Dumazile, who is dating her skivvy. Truth is revealed and MaNgadi is in trouble. When all is revealed, MaNgadi decides to go public with her black magic. The door is closed and she uses her powers to get out of tge burning house. While she celebrate with champagne, it is found that Kayise is not yet dead. The family decide to confront MaNgadi, but a group of white men from a business called WM Capital decide to take her with.


title: The Herd (South African series)

text: MaNgadi doesn't want to be a witch anymore. Kayise becomes the leader of the Mthethwa family, but they don't know what awaits them, and her position is threatened. Primary school teacher, Ayanda Bhengu is not as innocent as she seems. It is found that the farm is not Nyambose's, it belongs to the brother Smangaliso. Smanga tries to get rid of Kayise. All his plans fail, It is found that Kayise is dating Lunga's wife - and its not the first, Kayise also dated Lwandle


title: The Herd (South African series)

text: The Herd received 4,3 million views in September 2018. But in later weeks it dropped by 1,2million views.


title: Congo River

text: The Congo River (also known as Zaire River) is the largest river in Africa. Its overall length of 4,700 km (2,922 miles) makes it the second longest in Africa (after the Nile). The river and its tributaries flow through the second largest rain forest area in the world, second only to the Amazon Rainforest in South America.


title: Congo River

text: The river also has the second-largest flow in the world, behind the Amazon, and the second-largest watershed of any river, again trailing the Amazon. Its watershed is a little larger than that of the Mississippi River. Because large parts of the river basin sit north and south of the equator, its flow is steady, as there is always at least one river having a rainy season.


title: Congo River

text: The Congo gets its name from the old Kingdom of Kongo which was at the mouth of the river. The Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo, both countries sitting along the river's banks, are named after it. From 1971 to 1997, the Democratic Republic of the Congo was called Zaire and its government called the river the Zaire River.


title: Congo River

text: The sources of the Congo are in the Highlands and mountains of the East African Rift, as well as Lake Tanganyika and Lake Mweru, which feed the Lualaba River. This then becomes the Congo below Boyoma Falls. The Chambeshi River in Zambia is usually taken as the source of the Congo because of the accepted practice worldwide of using the longest tributary, as with the Nile River.


title: Congo River

text: The Congo flows mostly west from Kisangani just below the falls, then slowly bends southwest, passing by Mbandaka, joining with the Ubangi River, and running into the Pool Malebo (Stanley Pool). Kinshasa (formerly Léopoldville) and Brazzaville are on opposite sides of the river at the Pool, where the river narrows and falls through a few cataracts in deep canyons (collectively known as the Livingstone Falls), running by Matadi and Boma, and into the sea at the small town of Muanda.


title: Congo River

text: The mouth of the Congo was visited by Europeans in 1482, by the Portuguese Diogo Cão, and in 1817, by a British exploration under James Kingston Tuckey that went up the river as far as Isangila. Henry Morton Stanley was the first European to travel along the whole river.


title: Congo River

text: Although the Livingstone Falls stop ships coming in from the sea, almost all of the Congo is navigable in parts, especially between Kinshasa and Kisangani. Railways cross the three major falls that interrupt navigation, and much of the trade of central Africa passes along the river. Goods include copper, palm oil, sugar, coffee, and cotton. The river can also be valuable for hydroelectric power, and Inga Dams below Pool Malebo have been built.


title: Congo River

text: In February of 2005, South Africa's state owned power company, Eskom, said that they had a proposal to increase the amount of electric power that the Inga can make through improvements and the building of a new hydroelectric dam. The project would bring the highest output of the dam to 40 GW, twice that of China's Three Gorges Dam.


title: Congo River

text: In the Mesozoic period before the continental drift opened the South Atlantic Ocean, the Congo was the upper part of a river about 12,000 km (7,500 miles) long that flowed west across the parts of Gondwanaland, now called Africa and South America.


title: Azerbaijani manat

text: The Manat is the national money used in Azerbaijan. It is divided into 100 "qəpik". The word "manat" comes from the Russian word "moneta" which means coin. Manat was also the name of the Soviet ruble in both the Azerbaijani and Turkmen languages.


title: Azerbaijani manat

text: The Azerbaijani manat symbol, , is not easily typed on computers, so "m" or "man." can be used instead.


title: Azerbaijani manat

text: Azerbaijani manat is also written as AZN. In Azerbaijan people can only use manats. Azebaijani manats are more valuable than the United States dollar and almost as valuable as the Euro.


title: Stromboli

text: Stromboli is a small island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, off the north coast of Sicily. It is one of the three active volcanoes in Italy.


title: Stromboli

text: Stromboli is one of the eight Aeolian Islands, a volcanic arc north of Sicily. The volcano has erupted many times and is constantly active with minor eruptions, often visible from many points on the island and from the surrounding sea. This gave rise to the island's nickname "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean". The most recent major eruption was on 13 April 2009. Stromboli stands 926 m (3,034 ft) above sea level, and over 2,700 m (8,860 ft) on average above the sea floor.


title: Stromboli

text: There are three active craters at the peak. A significant geological feature of the volcano is the "Sciara del Fuoco" (stream of fire), a big horseshoe-shaped depression generated in the last 13,000 years by several collapses on the northwestern side of the cone. Two kilometers to the northeast lies Strombolicchio, the volcanic plug remnant of the original volcano.


title: Anitta (singer)

text: Larissa de Macedo Machado (stage name: Anitta; born March 30, 1993), is a Brazilian singer, songwriter, television host, actress, and businesswoman.


title: Anitta (singer)

text: In 2017, she was ranked as one of the most influential celebrities in social media according to "Billboard".


title: Rap God

text: "Rap God" is a 2013 hip hop song by the American rapper Eminem. It is the third single from his eighth studio album "The Marshall Mathers LP 2" which was released on November 5, 2013.


title: Rap God

text: Eminem raps 97 words in 15 seconds (an average of 6.5 words per second) in a verse that starts 4:26 into the song. He described this as "supersonic speed":


title: Rap God

text: It was ranked #14 on Complex's list of the 50 best songs of 2013 and it was ranked #15 on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 best songs of 2013.


title: Prometheus

text: Prometheus is a Titan in Greek mythology. He is the son of Iapetus and . He created humans, originally made out of gold. He also stole fire from Zeus and gave it to humans. As punishment, Zeus had Prometheus chained to a mountain. Every day an eagle (symbol of Zeus) would come and eat his liver. Prometheus is immortal, so he never died, and his liver grew back every night. But he still felt great pain.


title: Prometheus

text: After a long time, Zeus sent his son Heracles to free Prometheus by breaking the chains which held him.


title: Nuremberg Trials

text: The first, and most well known, were the trials of the leaders of Nazi Germany. This was organized by the International Military Tribunal (IMT). The judges and prosecutors were from the four wartime Allies, France, the USSR, the United Kingdom and the United States.


title: Nuremberg Trials

text: The second set of trials were the 12 "follow up trials" (). These trials were of groups of lower-ranking Nazis, like doctors, and officials of the German Foreign Office. Although the follow up trials were held in the same courtroom as the IMT trials, they were run by the Americans alone.


title: Nuremberg Trials

text: The International Military Tribunal was opened on October 18, 1945, in the Supreme Court Building in Berlin. The first session was presided over by the Soviet judge, Nikitchenko. The prosecution brought charges against 24 major war criminals and six criminal organizations – the leadership of the Nazi Party, the Schutzstaffel (SS) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD), the Gestapo, the Sturmabteilung (SA) and the High Command of the German armed forces (OKW).


title: Nuremberg Trials

text: The death sentences were carried out on 16 October 1946 by hanging using the inefficient American "standard" drop method instead of the long drop. The executioner was John C. Woods. The French judges suggested the use of a firing squad for the military condemned, as is standard for military courts-martial, but this was opposed by Biddle and the Soviet judges. They said that the military officers acted so badly they did not deserve to be treated as soldiers. The prisoners sentenced to jail were transferred to Spandau Prison in 1947.


title: Nuremberg Trials

text: The definition of what constitutes a war crime is described by the Nuremberg Principles, a document which was created as a result of the trial. The medical experiments conducted by German doctors and prosecuted in the so-called Doctors' Trial led to the creation of the Nuremberg Code to control future trials involving human subjects.


title: Nuremberg Trials

text: Four organisations were charged as being criminal. Only the SS was found guilty. These organisations were found not to be criminal:


title: Distance education

text: Distance education (or distance learning) is a form of education where the teacher and the student(s) are not at the same physical location.


title: Distance education

text: It follows that the teaching must be done via some kind of medium or a collection of media. Print, movie, television, radio, video chat and computer web sources have been used. In 1840 Isaac Pitman began teaching his shorthand by sending and receiving postcards. His success led to the establishment of correspondence schools.


title: Distance education

text: Distance learning technologies using the Internet are used both for mastering individual advanced training courses for users, taking online courses and for obtaining higher education. The following main forms of distance learning can be distinguished: online and offline. Learning via the Internet has a number of significant advantages:


title: Pentadecagon

text: All sides of a regular pentadecagon are the same length. Each corner is 156°. All corners added together equal 2340°.


title: Bulimia nervosa

text: Bulimia nervosa (bulimia) is a disease and a type of eating disorder. It is when a person eats large amounts of food then will force themself to vomit it up or purge. Other ways that they get it out of their body include laxatives and exercising. Most who have it feel that they are fat and want to be skinny.


title: Bulimia nervosa

text: Most people with bulimia eat large amounts of food then make themselves vomit or purge. Typically, they will do this at least once a week or more often. Bulimic people often think about how their bodies look, and usually, the motive behind purging is the want to be skinny. The person may also have anorexia nervosa. However, most with bulimia have a normal weight or are overweight, which makes it difficult to know when someone has bulimia from just simply looking at them. It is also common to have calluses or bruising on the fingers from purging.


title: Bulimia nervosa

text: Bulimia nervosa can cause many health problems. Because vomit has lots of acid in it, purging frequently can burn the person's mouth, throat, or teeth. One can lose nutrients or fluids in their body. Glands in one's throat and face may get larger and hurt. The immune system is weakened, as well as the possibility of muscle or heart problems.


title: Bulimia nervosa

text: Sometimes bulimia can cause difficulty breathing. This is because the acids that are in your mouth go to your lungs and damage the bronchioles. There is also feedback to the ego and a social stigma that may cause further psychological impact.


title: Bulimia nervosa

text: Most people who have bulimia are between the ages of 10 to 25. It is more common in females than it is in males. People who have had past trauma are more likely to be bulimic. People with obsessive compulsive disorder or perfectionism are also likely to have bulimia.


title: ENHYPEN

text: ENHYPEN is a South Korean boy band. ENHYPEN was formed by Belift Lab. They already gathered attention from all over the world before debut. Because there were applications to audition from around the world. And, the seven members were chosen.


title: ENHYPEN

text: They are from an audition program called "I-LAND" (June 26 - September 18, 2020). twenty-three people were selected as a participant in the audition. Then, seven people were chosen by voting from producers and fans all over the world in about three months, and their debut was decided. On September 19, they opened official social media, for example, Twitter, Instagram, and so forth. They announced their fan name on October 8. Then, their membership opened on October 12. On October 28, their first album, BORDER : DAY ONE was announced. Their first reality show that was shown until their debut started on November 11. On November 30, they finally debuted and released the first album. They appeared at Mnet Asian Music Awards on December 6.


title: ENHYPEN

text: Sunghoon is a former skater. He retired from figure skate to be a K-pop idol. His birthday is December 8, 2002 and from Korea.


title: ENHYPEN

text: Sunoo was selected as a debut member even though he had the shortest trainee period. He was born on June 24, 2003 and from Korea.


title: ENHYPEN

text: NI-KI is the main dancer. He is still 16 years old, but he debuted. And, he is from Japan. There were three other Japanese members at "I-LAND", but he was the only one to make his debut. His birthday is December 9, 2005.


title: ENHYPEN

text: They released BORDER : DAY ONE on November 30, 2020. Intro : Walk the Line, Given-Taken, Let Me In (20 CUBE), 10 Months, Flicker, and Outro : Cross the Line are included in this album. Given-Taken is the title song. There are music videos of Given-Taken,  Let Me In (20 CUBE) and Outro : Cross the Line. The albums sold 229,991 copies on the first day. In Japan, it won the 1st place on the iTunes "Top Album" chart, and on December 4, it also won the 1st place on "The Real-Time Top 100" chart of LINE MUSIC.


title: ENHYPEN

text: On December 12, 2020, they won the "Next Leader Award" at The Fact Music Awards. And nowadays, they won the "Rookie Artist Of The Year" at The Golden Disc Awards on January 10, 2021.


title: Tofu

text: Tofu (豆腐), sometimes also called doufu (usually used in Chinese recipes) or bean curd (literal translation), is a food made from soybeans. In fact, it is a very complex process. Tofu is made by coagulating soy milk, and then pressing the resulting curds into blocks. The making of tofu from soy milk is similar to the technique of making cheese from milk. Wheat gluten, or seitan, in its steamed and fried forms, is often mistakenly called "tofu" in Asian or vegetarian dishes.


title: Tofu

text: In Japan, tofu is a common food, used often in miso soup or as a hot dish. People in Japan has created various kinds of tofu. One of them is 絹こし豆腐 (or soft tofu), 木綿豆腐 (or firm tofu, or solid tofu) and "凍み豆腐" (or dried tofu). It is said that the way to make tofu from soybeans was taught by the Chinese a several hundreds years ago. you can find its very first history in a diary of 奈良春日大社 in 1183 of the Heian period.


title: Tofu

text: In the United States, tofu is becoming more popular. Today, Americans buy tofu at the grocery store. The word “tofu” takes root in common use.


title: Tofu

text: Tofu is rich in textured vegetable protein and is relatively low in calories. Dietary fiber is a little for process. More and more Americans and Europeans use it as health food.


title: Staffordshire

text: Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a county in the West Midlands region of England. The county town is Stafford. Part of the National Forest is there. It is next to the counties of Cheshire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Warwickshire, West Midlands, Worcestershire and Shropshire.


title: Chimney

text: A chimney is a structure used to ventilate hot flue gases or smoke from a boiler, stove, furnace or fireplace to the outside atmosphere. Most chimneys are vertical, or almost vertical, to make sure that the gases flow easily, drawing air into the combustion in what is known as the stack, or chimney, effect. The space inside a chimney is called a "flue". Chimneys may be found in buildings, steam locomotives and ships. In the United States, the term smokestack is also used when talking about locomotive chimneys or ship chimneys, the word funnel can be used too.


title: Chimney

text: The Height of a chimney is really important, when higher, chimney's dispersion of pollutants will not cause too much influence on surrounding areas. Tall chimneys also allow chemicals to self-neutralize in the air before they reach the ground.


title: Murder of John Lennon

text: On the 8 December 1980, musician John Lennon was shot and killed by Mark David Chapman. It happened outside the Dakota in the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City. Chapman lived in Hawaii and had travelled to New York to kill Lennon. Chapman said he was annoyed at how lazy Lennon's lifestyle was and was also annoyed about that Lennon had said The Beatles were "more popular than Jesus".


title: Murder of John Lennon

text: Chapman was arrested soon after the shooting and was charged with murder. Chapman pleaded guilty to Lennon's murder and was sentenced to 20-years-to-life in prison. Chapman could have had parole ten times since 2000, but was never accepted. He is still in prison today.


title: Béarnaise sauce

text: Béarnaise sauce () is a sauce made of clarified butter, egg yolks, and herbs. It is considered to be a 'child' of the mother Hollandaise sauce, one of the five mother sauces in French haute cuisine. The difference is only in their flavouring: Béarnaise uses shallot, chervil, peppercorn, and tarragon, while Hollandaise uses lemon juice.


title: Béarnaise sauce

text: Although a similar recipe was published in 1818, Béarnaise sauce was likely first created by the chef Collinet, the inventor of puffed potatoes (), and served at the 1836 opening of "Le Pavillon Henri IV", a restaurant at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, not far from Paris. Evidence for this is reinforced by the fact that the restaurant was named for Henry IV of France, a gourmet himself, who was born in the former province of Béarn.


title: Béarnaise sauce

text: A Béarnaise sauce is simply clarified butter, an egg yolk, a shallot, a little tarragon vinegar. It takes years of practice for the result to be perfect.


title: Béarnaise sauce

text: Like Hollandaise sauce, there are several methods for the preparation of Béarnaise sauce. Please refer to the Preparation section of that article for basics. Here we highlight the differences.


title: Béarnaise sauce

text: The most common preparation is a "Bain-marie" method where a reduction of vinegar is used to acidify the yolks. Escoffier calls for a reduction of wine, vinegar, shallots, fresh chervil, fresh tarragon and crushed peppercorns (later strained out), with fresh tarragon and chervil to finish instead of lemon juice. Others are similar. Alternatively, the flavourings may be added to a finished Hollandaise ("sans" lemon juice).


title: Béarnaise sauce

text: Béarnaise sauce is often wrongly called "Bernaise sauce", as if it were from "Bern", the capital city of Switzerland, which is in no way connected with this sauce or its origins.


title: Béarnaise sauce

text: Some assume Béarnaise refers to the Béarn region, a former province now in the "département" of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in southwestern Franceto refer to the region of Béarn However, the sauce has no tradition in the cooking of the area, and Larousse has the name honouring Henri IV of France, a native of Béarn, and for whom the restaurant where the sauce was first shown was named. Henri IV was often known as le Grand Béarnais


title: Béarnaise sauce

text: Some recipes are called à la béarnaise even when they are not accompanied by a Béarnaise sauce. This is because the recipes themselves are linked to the Béarn region. This added to confusion over the naming of the sauce.


title: Centenarian

text: A centenarian is a person who has lived to be at least 100. Because people normally die before this age, the word centenarian is usually linked to longevity. The United States has the most centenarians, while Japan is second.


title: Centenarian

text: Much more rare is a supercentenarian, who is a person that has lived to be at least 110. Famous supercentenarians have included Harry Patch, who was the last surviving British soldier of the First World War trenches. He died on 25 July 2009 (aged 111). For the last seven days of his life he was Britain's oldest man. Henry Allingham, another First World War veteran, had died a week earlier (aged 113).


title: Roman Britain

text: Roman Britain ("Britannia") was the part of Great Britain in the Roman Empire from AD 43 to 409 or 410.


title: Roman Britain

text: The first invasion was led by Julius Caesar, in the days of the Roman Republic. He defeated the dominant Catuvellauni tribe in 54 BC near Wheathampstead in Hertfordshire.


title: Roman Britain

text: Their capital was taken over by the Romans. Trouble in Gaul (mainly modern France & Belgium) prevented Caesar from staying in Britain. The full conquest of Britain was delayed for almost a century.


title: Roman Britain

text: In 43 AD, the Emperor Claudius sent an invasion force, led by Aulus Plautius, a distinguished senator. He was given four legions, totalling about 20,000 men, plus about the same number of helpers The legions were:


title: Roman Britain

text: The "II Augusta" was commanded by the future emperor Vespasian. The other three legions were also led by high-ranking men.


title: Roman Britain

text: The invasion was one of the most significant events in British history. After the revolt of Boudica there was usually peace and a process of full "romanization" started successfully in southeast Britain.


title: Roman Britain

text: The Romans considered Britannia as a single territory and administratively they divided the huge island in five provinces: "Britannia prima" (capital London), "Britannia secunda", "Flavia Caesariensis", "Maxima Caesariensis" and "Valentia". It seems that they have created also a sixth province -during Agricola conquest- in Caledonia, called "Vespasiana".


title: Roman Britain

text: Roman legions left in 410 AD after almost four centuries, and the administration of the country was taken over by prominent local chieftains. This was known as Sub-Roman Britain, with a Romano-British culture and the people may have used a Latin-based language. It lasted for more than two centuries but gave way to an increasingly Anglo-Saxon England by the start of the seventh century.


title: Roman Britain

text: Roman technology made its impact in road building and the construction of villas, forts and cities. During their occupation of Britain the Romans built an extensive network of roads. They were used in later centuries, and many are still followed today. The Romans also built water supply, sanitation and sewage systems. Many of Britain's major cities, such as London ("Londinium"), Manchester ("Mamucium") and York ("Eboracum"), were founded by the Romans.


title: Roman Britain

text: There was no writing in Britain before the Romans. They introduced it and, when they left, writing only survived with the help of religion.


title: Roman Britain

text: The British were skilled in the arts, and produced ornamental jewellery and pottery which was exported to Europe. They built defensive structures such as hill forts. They were proficient in warfare with spears, bows and arrows. Small round stones found in such sites indicate the use of slings or catapults.


title: Roman Britain

text: To keep Roman control, forts and garrisons were built throughout Britain, and the existing roads improved. The local people had to maintain the Roman roads in Britain, and got tax relief for their efforts.


title: Roman Britain

text: Roman roads allowed for troop movements and the distribution of supplies. The forts and garrisons needed food and other services. Vast areas produced these goods. For example, the often flooded Somerset levels was like a huge market garden that provided supplies for the garrisons at Exeter, Gloucester, Bath and the forts in between. Local fishermen supplied fresh fish, and farmers reared sheep, pigs, cattle and poultry for the garrisons.


title: Roman Britain

text: Missionaries from Gaul began to introduce Christianity to the West country. Before the end of the first century AD they had a Church of Celtic Christianity. This spread such that by the mid second century much of Cornwall, Devon, Western Dorset, and South Somerset had adopted Christianity. The spread of Christianity continued eastward and strongly northward into Wales through the next two centuries, especially after the adoption of Christianity by Rome. The Romans had built shrines and temples to their pagan gods and continued to patronize these, even after the adoption of Christianity by Rome.


title: Broward County, Florida

text: Broward County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. As of 2000, 1,623,018 people lived there. This makes it the second most populated county in the state. According to 2006 U.S. Census estimates, 1,787,636 people lived there. Its county seat is Fort Lauderdale, Florida.


title: Broward County, Florida

text: Broward County is part of the "Miami metropolitan area", which was home to an estimated 6,012,331 people at the 2015 census.


title: Broward County, Florida

text: Broward county was created in 1915 and was named with the second surname name of the former Florida governor: Napoleon Bonaparte Broward. Since then it has had a great growth in the XX century, mainly as "retirement place" for old people from northeastern US and French Canada.


title: Egyptology

text: Egyptology is the study of Ancient Egypt. It falls under both history and archaeology. Someone who studies or works in this field is called an Egyptologist.


title: Video chat

text: Internet where the parties concerned use a camera–microphone combination installed in either their computers or in their smart phones. For streaming video a speed of at least 2 Mbps is needed, to alleviate a choppy signal and disconnects. For sound transmission, much less speed is required, so often during times of heavy network congestion video is often turned off, to maintain connection continuity.


title: Video chat

text: Video chat is an extremely popular form of communication in the 21st century and is often utilized for many reasons;


title: Oh Se-hun

text: Oh Se-hun (hangul: 오세훈; hanja: 吳世勳; born April 12, 1994 in Seoul) better known by the mononym Sehun is a South Korean singer, rapper, dancer, model and actor. Since 2012, he is a member of the boy band EXO under S.M. Entertainment.


title: Oh Se-hun

text: Sehun was born in Jungnang-gu, Seoul, South Korea on April 12, 1994. He was discovered by a talent agent when he was twelve years old. He joined SM Entertainment after a successful audition on Casting System in 2008.


title: Oh Se-hun

text: He was introduced as a Exo's member on January 10, 2012. In april. It officially debuted with the extended play, "Mama". Still in April, along with Baekhyun, Chanyeol and Kai, appeared in the video of Girls' Generation-TTS's debut song. On August 17, 2012, he performed with his labelmate, BoA at "Music Bank" as a dancer in the song "Only One," after Yunho, Eunhyuk and Taemin. In July 2013, he starred in the second episode of the sitcom "Royal Villa", along with Chanyeol. In August 2014, he starred in the remake of the music video for "Yo!" made for "". In March 2015, appeared in the music video of Donghae & Eunhyuk's song, "Can You Feel It?". In April of the same year, she starred alongside the other EXO members the web series "EXO Next Door", also starring actress Moon Ga-young. In May of 2015, appeared in the music video of BoA's "Who Are You?".


title: Oh Se-hun

text: In March 2016, Sehun was confirmed as the male lead in the Korean-Chinese film "Catman", playing Liang Qu. In July 2016, he was introduced as the male lead in the Korean-Chinese web-drama "Dear Archimedes". In September 2017, he was confirmed as a cast member at the Netflix variety show, "Busted!". In February of 2018, he obtained his role as protagonist of "Dokgo Rewind", where he plays two twins: Kang Hyuk, a wrestler and Kang Hoo, a shy student. In June 2018, he starred in the web drama "Secret Queen Makers", produced by Lotte Duty Free. On September 14, he released "We Young" along with Chanyeol as part of Station X 0.


title: Oh Se-hun

text: In January 2016, UNICEF and Louis Vuitton have teamed up for the Make a Promise campaign, Irene Bae and Sehun as role models on the February cover of CeCi magazine. For this campaign, 40 percent of the profits of Louis Vuitton silver bracelet and necklace Sehun and Irene used in the magazine will go to UNICEF to help children in need. Sehun said: "I want to buy treats for the children and help them not lose hope." Irene added: "I want to continue to participate in campaigns like 'make a promise' to help the children."


title: Francisco Pizarro

text: Francisco Pizarro González, Marqués de los Atabillos (16 March 1478 – 26 June 1541) was a Spanish conquistador. Today, he is known as the conqueror of the Inca Empire. He also founded Lima, La Ciudad de los Reyes, capital of Peru. Pizarro was born in Trujillo, Extremadura, Spain.


title: Francisco Pizarro

text: He was an illegitimate son of Gonzalo Pizarro Rodríguez de Aguilar (senior) who as colonel of infantry served in the Italian campaigns under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, and in Navarre, with some distinction. His mother was Francisca González Mateos, a woman of slender means from Trujillo. Through his father, Francisco was second cousin to Hernán Cortés, the famed conquistador of Mexico.


title: Francisco Pizarro

text: In 1502, Pizarro traveled to the New World where he joined in several expeditions to see the Pacific Ocean. In 1513 Pizarro joined the expedition of Vasco Núñez de Balboa across the Isthmus of Panama to become one of the first Europeans to see the Pacific Ocean. In 1524, after hearing stories about the exploration of Peru, he joined Diego de Almagro and Hernando de Soto. Together, they agreed to travel to Peru and look for gold. Despite the expedition ending in failure, Pizarro managed to make connections with the Inca people.


title: Francisco Pizarro

text: In 1528 he returned to Spain, where the king allowed him to conquer the new land for Spain. Pizarro himself was to be named governor of Peru. In 1531 he landed in Peru again, leading fewer than 300 soldiers. The country was devastated by a recent civil war between Atahualpa and Huascar, the sons of the dead emperor. In November 1532, Pizarro met Atahualpa in the city of Cajamarca and managed to capture him, even though the Inca was protected by thousands of soldiers. The weapons of the Spaniards proved superior. In 1533, after paying a huge ransom for his release, Atahualpa requested to be let free but Pizarro killed him anyway. He then continued south into Peru and captured the capital of Cuzco.


title: Francisco Pizarro

text: In 1535, Pizarro founded a new capital named La Ciudad de los Reyes, today known as Lima. However, some Spaniards had not been part of the capture of the Inca and therefore had not been paid any gold. Led by Almagro, the "Almagristas", Almagro's men, marched south into present-day Chile to find new riches, while Pizarro stayed in Peru. The Inca were treated very poorly and their riches stolen by the Spaniards, who built huge estates or brought gold back to Spain.


title: Francisco Pizarro

text: In 1536, the Inca tried to overthrow him in a rebellion, but failed since Pizarro managed to subdue the Incas after a year of fights.


title: Francisco Pizarro

text: However, the Spaniards had became so weakened that when Almagro returned, he took power and expelled Pizarro to the north. Pizarro returned with an army in 1538 and defeated Almagro. Almagro was executed in the plaza of Cuzco and Pizarro was again sole ruler.


title: Francisco Pizarro

text: However, Almagro had a son who swore revenge, and in 1541, Pizarro was assassinated in his palace in Lima by a number of men following Diego Almagro the younger. He was himself caught and executed the following year, so was the last brother of Pizarro struggling for power in Peru, in 1548. Then the Spanish king took personal control over the country by a personal envoy, the "Viceroy".


title: The Smiths

text: The Smiths were an English rock band from Manchester. They formed in 1982 and split up in 1987. They released four studio albums. The band consisted of Morrissey (singing), Johnny Marr (guitar), Andy Rourke (bass) and Mike Joyce (drums). Critics have called them the most important alternative rock band to emerge from the British independent music scene of the 1980s. "Q" magazine writer Simon Goddard wrote that The Smiths were the one truly important group of the 1980s, "the most influential British guitar group of the decade" and the first independent group to become successful in the main music scene.


title: The Smiths

text: The band was based on the songwriting partnership of Morrissey and Marr. They signed to the independent record label Rough Trade Records. On this, they released four studio albums: "The Smiths" (1984), "Meat Is Murder" (1985), "The Queen Is Dead" (1986) and "Strangeways, Here We Come" (1987). They have also released several compilations, and many singles that were not released on any of their studio albums.


title: The Smiths

text: The Smiths had several singles reach the UK top twenty. All four of their albums reached the UK top five, including one which topped the charts. They won a large following of fans. The band had limited commercial success outside the UK while they were still together. The band broke up in 1987 and have refused several offers to reunite.


title: The Smiths

text: The music focuses on a guitar, bass and drum sound. They blend 1960s rock and post-punk. This sounded very different to the synthesiser-based contemporary dance pop that was popular in the early 1980s. Marr's guitar playing on his Rickenbacker often had a jangly sound influenced by Roger McGuinn of the 1960s group The Byrds. It influenced later bands from Manchester, such as The Stone Roses and Oasis. Morrissey's lyrics combined stories about ordinary people's lives with a sense of humour.


title: Solar cooker

text: A solar cooker is a device that uses energy from sunlight. They use no fuel and cost nothing to run. They also help slow deforestation and desertification. Another benefit of solar cooking is that unlike cooking with fire, Solar cookers don't pollute the air. Solar cookers are also sometimes used for cooking outside, especially when using fire is risky or there is no fuel. The solar cooker is very useful. It is a renewable source of energy


title: Solar cooker

text: Solar box cookers can be made of materials or be manufactured in a factory for sale. There are many kinds of solar box cookers, from small cardboard boxes, that can be used to cook a single meal, to wood and glass boxes built into the sunny side of a house. Although the solar cooker was invented by Horace de Saussure, a Swiss naturalist, as early as 1767, solar box cookers have only become popular since the 1970s. They are found in almost every country of the world.


title: Maria Holl

text: Maria Holl (* 1549 in Altenstadt near Geislingen an der Steige, in Germany; † 1634) was an inn-keeper in Nördlingen. She was accused of witchcraft, but she did not confess to a crime, despite the torture. After this, she was released, and cleared of the accusations.


title: Maria Holl

text: Because she was very successful running the tavern, she was accused of witchcraft. In total, she was tortured 56 times. At all times she only confessed to God. No matter what was done to her, she could not be made to say to have a pact with the devil. Many citizens of Nördlingen were in favor of her. She was cleared of the accusations on October 11, 1594. She was among the last people to be tried for Witchcraft, in Nördlingen.


title: The Honey Bunny Show With Kapil Sharma

text: The Honey Bunny Show With Kapil Sharma is an indian cartoon comedy series that launched on 12th October 2020 on Sony Yay. In this show, comedy king Kapil Sharma has a new avatar in all episodes. It is the third spin-off of Honey Bunny Ka Jholmaal after Honey Bunny Lapet Te Raho and Honey Fun A Tan.


title: Saint Sebastian

text: Sebastian (died c. 268) was a Christian saint and martyr. He is said to have been killed during the Roman emperor Diocletian's persecution of Christians. He is usually depicted in art and literature tied to a post or tree and shot with arrows. This is the most common artistic depiction of Sebastian. However, he was rescued and healed by Irene of Rome. He then criticized the emperor, and was clubbed to death. He is venerated in both the Roman Catholic and the Orthodox churches.


title: Saint Sebastian

text: Saint Sebastian is possibly the earliest gay icon. His strong and shirtless physique, symbolic arrow-pierced flesh, and rapturous look of pain combined have intrigued both gay and straight artists for centuries. This interest launched the first explicitly gay cult in the 19th century. Journalist Richard A. Kaye wrote, "contemporary gay men have seen in Sebastian at once a stunning advertisement for homosexual desire (indeed, a homoerotic ideal), and a prototypical portrait of tortured closet case." Because Saint Sebastian is a gay icon, Tennessee Williams chose to use that name for the martyred character Sebastian in his play, "Suddenly, Last Summer". The name was also used by Irish writer and poet Oscar Wilde (as Sebastian Melmoth) when in exile after his release from prison. Wilde was about as "out of the closet" as was possible for the late 19th century. He is himself considered a gay icon.


title: M. Karunanidhi

text: Muthuvel Karunanidhi (3 June 1924 – 7 August 2018) was an Indian politician. He has served as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu five different times. He is the former president of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), a Dravidian political party in the state of Tamil Nadu. He has been the leader of the DMK since the death of its founder, C. N. Annadurai, in 1969.


title: M. Karunanidhi

text: Karunanidhi was born in Thirukuvalai, Tiruvarur, British India. He was an atheist. Karunanidhi died in Chennai at a hospital from multiple organ failure on 7 August 2018, aged 94.


title: Acer Inc.

text: Acer Inc. is a Taiwanese multinational hardware and electronics corporation headquartered in Xizhi, New Taipei City, Taiwan.


title: Israelites

text: Israelites were a Semitic people of the ancient Middle East. They lived in part of what was Canaan during the time of the Bible. This area came to be called the Land of Israel. It usually refers to a member of one of the Tribes of Israel. The term Children of Israel is also used, especially when talking about the period of the Five Books of Moses.


title: Israelites

text: Israelites lived in the kingdom of Israel, in areas where the modern State of Israel is now. Israel split off from a kingdom called Judah, whose people were later called Jews. Israel was conquered by the Assyrians in 721 BCE. Judah was conquered by the Babylonians in 586 BCE. Many Jews were taken away from Judah. When the Achaemenid Empire defeated the Babylonians they let the Jews return to rebuild the Second Temple in Jerusalem about 70 years later.


title: Combustion

text: Combustion is a reaction of a fuel with an oxidant to give out heat. The release of heat can produce light in the form of a flame.


title: Combustion

text: Car engines and rocket engines both work by combustion. Combustion in a Ferrari car motor is different from combustion in a rocket engine. Car combustion is gas burning and exploding in cylinders called pistons again and again to push them up and down, making the car move. Rocket combustion is made by rocket fuel exploding out of the back of the rocket moving it up. The burning of most substances is bad for the environment and the ozone layer because it can let off greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. Hydrogen burns cleanly and gives off a lot of heat, but it does not produce much power, and is highly explosive.


title: Combustion

text: During combustion, fuel reacts with oxygen and heat, then releases energy. Complete combustion happens in a plentiful supply of oxygen. Complete combustion releases more energy than incomplete combustion. Incomplete combustion occurs when the supply of air is limited, or poor. Incomplete combustion also creates carbon monoxide, and more soot. Several factors must be considered when choosing the best fuel for a particular purpose. Fuels are substances that react with oxygen to release useful energy. Most of the energy is released as heat, but light energy is also released. About 21 per cent of the air is oxygen. When a fuel burns in plenty of air, it receives enough oxygen for complete combustion. Complete combustion needs a plentiful supply of air so that the elements in the fuel react fully with oxygen. Fuels such as natural gas and petrol contain hydrocarbons. These are compounds of hydrogen and carbon only. Combustion is a high-temperature oxidation reaction.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: The club plays in the Premier League. It was started in 1895 and its home stadium is the London stadium East London. The club is also called "the Hammers" and "the Irons" because it was started in a London Ironworks. Their main rivals are Millwall and other rivals are Tottenham Hotspur, Chelsea and Arsenal


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: West ham currently are managed by David Moyes, their former care-taker manager for the 2017/18 season in Premier League.


title: Molar heat capacity

text: The molar heat capacity of a substance is the energy needed to raise the temperature of one mole of it by one degree Celsius.


title: Molar heat capacity

text: where formula_2 refers to the molar heat capcity (in joules per Kelvin), formula_3 to the heat supplied (in joules) and formula_4 (in Kelvin) to the temperature change in the substance.


title: Molar heat capacity

text: The molar heat capacity of a given substance can be found by heating the substance by releasing a known amount of energy into the substance and measuring the temperature change.


title: Molar heat capacity

text: For example, a common school experiment to find the molar heat capacity of water involves heating a beaker of water with an immersion heater (that can display the heat released in joules on a display) and stirring the water, while checking the temperature at specific intervals.


title: Molar heat capacity

text: For more accurate results, a bomb calorimeter can be used; these contain a chamber of fuel (in this case, a compound that will release heat when needed) inside a chamber of water, with the water chamber protected by heat-proof walls (to ensure minimal heat loss, which would affect the final heat capacity recorded).


title: Little Rock, Arkansas

text: Little Rock is the capital city and largest city of the U.S. state of Arkansas. Billy Joel mentions it in "We Didn't Start the Fire".


title: Croatia national football team

text: Croatia national football team is the national football team of Croatia. The team reached the final of the 2018 FIFA World Cup, but lost to France 4–2.


title: Meninges

text: The meninges are the membranes that surround and protect the brain and the spinal cord. In mammals, the meninges have three layers: the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater.


title: Meninges

text: In the space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater (called the "subarachnoid space"), there is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is a special fluid which bathes the brain and spinal cord. The meninges and the CSF work together to cushion and protect the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord).


title: Meninges

text: The pia mater (or "pia") is the layer of the meninges that is closest to the brain and spinal cord. It is a thin, delicate layer ("pia mater" means "tender mother" in Latin). The pia mater sticks very closely to both the brain and spinal cord. The pia mater is made of cells that fluid cannot get through. This prevents cerebrospinal fluid from reaching the brain.


title: Meninges

text: The smallest type of blood vessels, called capillaries, go through the pia mater and bring the brain the things it needs, like blood and oxygen. The pia's capillaries also make up an important part of the blood-brain barrier. This is the brain's "security system." It controls what can leave the bloodstream and get into the brain's nerve cells, and what cannot.


title: Meninges

text: The pia's capillaries are lined with cells that are packed very closely together. Only certain things can get through these cells and reach the brain. This helps block things like bacteria and some poisons from getting into the brain. It also lets in the things that the brain needs to survive, like glucose (sugar), water, and white blood cells (which fight infection).


title: Meninges

text: The arachnoid mater is the middle layer of the meninges. It is a thin, clear membrane that fits loosely over the pia mater. This leaves a space in between these two layers called the "subarachnoid space." ("Subarachnoid space" means "the space under the arachnoid.") Cerebrospinal fluid flows through the subarachnoid space.


title: Meninges

text: One of the arachnoid layer's most important jobs is to cushion the brain. Like the pia mater, the arachnoid mater is made of cells that fluid cannot get through. Because fluid cannot get through either of these layers, the cerebrospinal fluid stays in the subarachnoid space and does not leak out. Having this layer of fluid helps protect the brain, like a car's airbag. Without this cushion, every time a person moved their head, their brain would hit the inside of the skull and would get hurt.


title: Meninges

text: The arachnoid mater also has an important job in the blood-brain barrier. Blood runs through the dura mater, the last layer of the meninges. The arachnoid mater keeps blood from getting through into the cerebrospinal fluid. This is important, because if blood gets through the arachnoid mater into the cerebrospinal fluid, the brain and spinal cord can get irritated and infected. Like all parts of the body, the arachnoid mater needs blood and oxygen to survive. Small blood vessels bring these things to the arachnoid layer. However, the arachnoid layer prevents the blood from getting through to the cerebrospinal fluid.


title: Meninges

text: The dura mater (or "dura") is the layer of the meninges that is farthest from the brain and the spinal cord. It is a thick, protective layer. ("Dura mater" means "tough mother" in Latin.) The dura protects the brain from being scraped and hurt by the skull, which is very rough.


title: Meninges

text: The dura mater has the largest blood vessels of all three layers of the meninges. The veins in the dura carry blood from the brain to the heart after the brain has used up the oxygen in the blood. The arteries in the dura carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart. These arteries split into the capillaries in the pia mater.


title: Meninges

text: The dura also folds into the brain in four different places to separate parts of the brain, including the two cerebral hemispheres.


title: Meninges

text: Some medical professionals use a mnemonic acronym to remember the layers in the meninges and what order they go in. The mnemonic is: "The meninges PAD the brain":


title: Meninges

text: Because the meninges do many important things for the central nervous system, problems with the meninges can be very dangerous. The most common problems with the meninges are caused by infections or bleeding in the meninges.


title: Meninges

text: When blood vessels in the meninges break or are injured, those blood vessels will cause bleeding in the meninges. Bleeding in the meninges is a type of stroke called a hemorrhagic stroke. ("Hemorrhagic" means "caused by dangerous bleeding (hemorrhage)"). Bleeding in the meninges is very dangerous, because if enough blood builds up, the blood can squeeze or crush the brain.


title: Meninges

text: The blood-brain barrier in the meninges' blood vessels protects the brain from most pathogens (things that cause infection). Because of this, infections in the brain are not very common. This is important, because antibodies - which the body's immune system makes to fight off infections - cannot get past the blood-brain barrier into the brain. Neither can most antibiotic medications. This means that when a person does get a brain infection, the body usually cannot fight off the infection on its own, and most of the medications that doctors use to kill infections cannot get into the brain to kill the pathogens inside.


title: Meninges

text: However, some viruses, bacteria, and other germs are able to get through the blood-brain barrier and cause infections. Examples of these infections include:


title: Dusty Springfield

text: Dusty Springfield (16 April 1939 – 2 March 1999) was a English singer. Her real name was Mary Isobel Catherine Bernadette O'Brien. Her musical career lasted from the late 1950s to the 1990s. She recorded over 200 songs during this time. She became one of the most successful female singers in Britain. She made soul music. Between 1963 and 1989, she had six top 20 singles on the United States "Billboard" Hot 100 chart and 16 on the United Kingdom Singles Chart. She is a member of both the US Rock and Roll and UK Music Halls of Fame. She is famous as a pop icon of the Swinging Sixties.


title: Dusty Springfield

text: Springfield was born in London. She learned to sing at home. She liked American jazz music, and wanted to sound like that. In 1958, she joined her first professional group, The Lana Sisters. Two years later, she formed a singing trio, The Springfields. Her solo career began in 1963. Her first successful song was "I Only Want to Be with You". Other successful songs followed: "Wishin' and Hopin'" (1964), "I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself" (1964), "You Don't Have to Say You Love Me" (1966), and "Son of a Preacher Man" (1968).


title: Dusty Springfield

text: Later, she worked in Memphis, Tennessee on a soul album with Atlantic Records. The album was called "Dusty in Memphis". It was released in 1969. It has been ranked among the greatest albums of all time by the magazine "Rolling Stone", and in polls by VH1 artists, "New Musical Express" readers, and Channel 4 viewers. The album was also awarded a spot in the Grammy Hall of Fame.


title: Dusty Springfield

text: In March 1999 Springfield was going to go to Buckingham Palace to be given her award of Officer, Order of the British Empire. Springfield was given the award early in January 1999 in hospital.


title: Dusty Springfield

text: Springfield died of breast cancer on 3 March 1999. Her name was added to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame two weeks later, on 16 March.


title: Resignation

text: A resignation is when someone quits or gives up the job they hold. Many times, especially in politics, a person who is resigning will give a resignation speech explaining why they resigned and what their plans are for the future.


title: Carbon sequestration

text: Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing carbon dioxide (CO) gas in the atmosphere. One method of sequestration is by capturing CO produced by power plants and factories before they release it into the atmosphere. When the CO gas is in long-term storage, that means it has been sequestered.


title: Carbon sequestration

text: Carbon sequestration aims to assist in elimination of human introduced carbon from Earth's atmosphere by disrupting the carbon cycle. It is also used to prevent future human caused climate change.


title: Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War

text: Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War is a first-person shooter video game developed by Treyarch and Raven Software and published by Activision. It is the fifth installment of the "Black Ops" series, and the seventeenth installment in the overall "Call of Duty" series.


title: Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War

text: The game's campaign reveal took place on August 26, 2020, and its multiplayer mode was set to be published on September 9th, 2020. It is currently available on PS4, PS5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X, and Windows 8 and 10. It costs 60 USD for the Base game.


title: Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War

text: "Black Ops Cold War" is set during the early 1980s of the Cold War during the Ronald Reagan presidency. The campaign follows CIA operative Russell Adler as he looks for an alleged Soviet spy, Perseus, whose stated goal is to subvert the United States and tilt the balance of power toward the Soviet Union.


title: Suffragette

text: A suffragette was a woman in the early 20th century who believed they should have the right to vote (suffrage). This movement happened in the United Kingdom and United States.


title: Suffragette

text: For many years women were not allowed to vote, and so they fought for their rights. In their protests, they ended up getting arrested. In 1913 Emily Davison died for the cause. In the UK, women over 30 got the right to vote in 1918. This was lowered to 21 in 1928. Similar struggles went on in all the English-speaking countries.


title: Potassium chloride

text: Potassium chloride (also known as potassium salt) is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is KCl. It contains potassium and chloride ions.


title: Potassium chloride

text: It is a colorless crystalline solid. It is not reactive. It is similar to sodium chloride. It reacts with silver nitrate to make silver chloride. It reacts with sodium metal when very hot to make potassium metal. The metals are a gas because it is so hot. It makes a pink color when heated in a flame.


title: Potassium chloride

text: Potassium chloride is found as a mineral. The mineral is called sylvite. It is also found in sylvanite, a mixture of sodium chloride and potassium chloride.


title: Potassium chloride

text: It is taken from the ocean. It can also be processed from the mineral sylvite or sylvanite. It is made when potassium nitrate is reacted with hydrochloric acid, making nitric acid and potassium chloride. It is made when potassium burns in chlorine.


title: Potassium chloride

text: It is used to make potassium metal. Potassium chloride is heated very hot until it melts. Sodium metal is reacted with it. The sodium metal melts and boils to make sodium gas. The sodium gas reacts with the potassium chloride to make potassium gas and sodium chloride. It can be electrolyzed in a water solution to make potassium hydroxide. It is used in food processing. It can be used to execute people in a lethal injection. It is used instead of table salt sometimes. Normally it is half table salt and half potassium chloride. It can be used to extinguish fires. It was used to make packs that get hot when squeezed, but better chemicals are used now.


title: Potassium chloride

text: In the United States, people sentenced to death by lethal injection have usually been executed using three different medications. Potassium chloride is the third medication. It is given after a sedative (to put the prisoner to sleep) and a medicine that paralyzes the prisoner. Potassium chloride works by speeding up the heart until it stops.


title: Potassium chloride

text: The use of potassium chloride in lethal injections is controversial. For example, one scientist who studied the three-drug combination called potassium chloride "extremely painful." United States Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer used her research to argue that lethal injection is cruel and unusual punishment. Other doctors agree that if the drugs are not given correctly, a prisoner could experience "a great deal of pain" or "excruciating [terribly painful] suffering."


title: Potassium chloride

text: However, other doctors say that lethal injection is less painful than other ways of executing people, like using an electric chair or a gas chamber. They also say that if the three drugs are given correctly, lethal injection should be pain-free. Because doctors are supposed to "do no harm", many executions are now done by people who are not doctors. Supporters of lethal injection say that mistakes, not the drugs themselves, are what cause pain.


title: Calvin Harris

text: Calvin Harris (born Adam Richard Wiles, 17 January 1984) is a Scottish singer, songwriter, DJ, and record producer. He was born to English parents. He grew up in Dumfries, Scotland. Harris was paid more than any other DJ in 2013.


title: Calvin Harris

text: Calvin Harris signed record contracts with EMI (publishing) and Sony BMG (recording) in 2006, after his music was found on the social networking website, MySpace.


title: Calvin Harris

text: His first album "I Created Disco" was released on 18 June 2007. The album contained uptempo electronic sounding songs that were influenced by music from the 1980s. To promote "I Created Disco", Harris left to go on a tour of the UK, supporting Faithless and Groove Armada. "I Created Disco" featured the single "Acceptable in the 80s", a tribute to the style and culture of the decade. The song reached the top ten on the UK singles chart, remaining on the chart for fifteen weeks. "The Girls" was the album's second charted single. Harris' second single reached number three in the UK Singles Chart. Another single from the album was "Merrymaking at My Place"; however, it only reached #43 in the UK chart.


title: Calvin Harris

text: "Ready for the Weekend", Harris' second album, was released 14 August 2009. It went straight to number one in the UK Albums Chart.


title: Calvin Harris

text: In September 2011, Barbadian recording artist Rihanna released the single "We Found Love" for her sixth studio album, "Talk That Talk". The song was written and produced by Harris. The song was a worldwide success, topping record charts around the world, including those in Canada, the UK, and the US. It was named the 25th best-performing song of all time by "Billboard".


title: Calvin Harris

text: In 2012, Harris released his third album "18 Months". Eight singles were released from it. They included "We Found Love", "Bounce" with American R&B singer Kelis, and "I Need Your Love" with English singer-songwriter Ellie Goulding.


title: Calvin Harris

text: In 2013, Harris' album "18 Months" was nominated for Best Dance/Electronica Album at the 2014 Grammy Awards.


title: Calvin Harris

text: Harris released the single "Summer" in 2014. This was followed by the album "Motion" which featured the song "Outside" with Ellie Goulding.


title: Calvin Harris

text: He released the single "How Deep Is Your Love" in 2015 with the band Disciples. In 2016, he released the single "This Is What You Came For" with Barbadian recording artist Rihanna.


title: Calvin Harris

text: In 2017, he released the album "Funk Wav Bounces Vol. 1". It featured six singles, including the song "Feels" featuring Pharrell, Katy Perry, and Big Sean, which reached number one in the UK. In 2018, Harris released "One Kiss" with British singer Dua Lipa, which also reached number one in the UK.


title: Calvin Harris

text: In 2007, Harris also recorded with Australian entertainer Kylie Minogue. He had caught Minogue's attention after his recordings had been passed on to her by another record producer. Harris says that working with her was "surreal, but fun" although revealed to Mixmag in 2007 to "needing a few drinks before meeting her." It has been confirmed that Harris has co-written and produced two songs on the forthcoming "Kylie" album, "In My Arms" and "Heart Beat Rock".


title: Calvin Harris

text: Harris began dating British singer Rita Ora in 2013. The two ended their relationship in June 2014. He was in a relationship with Taylor Swift from March 2015 until June 2016.


title: Calvin Harris

text: On 20 May 2016, Harris was hospitalized after being involved in a car accident. He was a passenger in a Cadillac sport utility vehicle that was hit by a Volkswagen Beetle. Harris was treated for a cut on the nose and later was released. Two of his DJ sets had to be canceled.


title: Beast (2022 Indian movie)

text: Beast is a 2022 Indian Tamil-language action comedy movie written and directed by Nelson and produced by Sun Pictures. The movie stars Vijay and Pooja Hegde in lead roles. Selvaraghavan, Yogi Babu and Redin Kingsley play supporting roles. It revolves around an ex-RAW agent's crusade to rescue people held hostage in a shopping mall by terrorists.


title: Beast (2022 Indian movie)

text: The production rights of Vijay's 65th movie as lead actor were acquired by Sun Pictures in early January 2020. It was titled "Thalapathy 65". The movie was set to be written and directed by AR Murugadoss. However, the producers ousted Murugadoss from the movie in October 2020, after he refused to cut his renumeration. Nelson was later hired and he wrote a new script for the movie.


title: Beast (2022 Indian movie)

text: With an official announcement during December 2020, the movie began principal photography in April 2021. It wrapped in December. The movie was shot across various locations in Chennai, including a specially designed set resembling that of a shopping mall where most of the movie was shot. Sporadic schedules took place in Delhi and Georgia. The music was composed by Anirudh Ravichander, cinematography was handled by Manoj Paramahamsa, editing by R. Nirmal and production design supervised by D. R. K. Kiran.


title: Beast (2022 Indian movie)

text: The movie was released in theaters on 13 April 2022. It received mixed reviews from critics and the audience.


title: Beast (2022 Indian movie)

text: Additionally, director Nelson, music composer Anirudh and choreographer Jani appear in cameo appearances as themselves in the song "Jolly O Gymkhana".


title: Aspen

text: Aspens are a type of poplar tree with leaves that move with the slightest wind. The two main species are both called 'trembling aspens' or 'quaking aspens' on account of their leaves.


title: Aspen

text: Populus tremuloides is the American aspen. It is common in temperate and colder regions of North America.


title: Aspen

text: It forms large stands (groups) of genetically identical trees (clones) connected by a single underground root system. These trees form through root sprouts coming off an original parent tree. The largest known fully connected aspen is a grove in Utah nicknamed 'Pando', and some experts call it the largest organism in the world, by mass or volume. It covers 0.43 km (106 acres) and is estimated to weigh .


title: Aspen

text: Populus tremula is a species of poplar native to cool temperate regions of Europe and Asia, from the British Isles east to Kamchatka, north to inside the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia and northern Russia, and south to central Spain, Turkey, the Tian Shan mountain system, North Korea, and northern Japan. It also occurs at one site in northwest Africa in Algeria. In the south of its range, it occurs at high altitudes in mountains.


title: Aspen

text: It is a hardy species which tolerates long, cold winters and short summers. Aspen is dioecious, so individual trees are either male or female (in contrast to most trees, where male and female flowers occur on the same tree). Trees flower in March and April, before the leaves appear, with both the male and female trees producing catkins. Pollinated female catkins ripen in early summer and release tiny seeds which are tufted with hairs.


title: Aspen

text: Like other aspens, its main method of reproduction is vegetative (asexual). It spreads extensively by root sprouts, which may be produced up to 40 metres from the parent tree. They form extensive clonal colonies. Large numbers of new shoots can be produced in this way, especially after a major disturbance such as fire.


title: Central Europe

text: Central Europe is the region around the Alps and Carpathian Mountains lying between the areas of Eastern and Western Europe. The understanding of the concept of "Central Europe" varies considerably from nation to nation, and also has from time to time.


title: Central Europe

text: If one were to divide the continent of Europe into two halves like it was during the Cold War, the Iron Curtain would subsequently split the mainstream definition of "Central Europe" in half. When using this definition, the countries of Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia would be included in Eastern Europe: whereas the countries of Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein and Switzerland would be considered Western Europe instead. Some experts consider this definition outdated, but many still use them. Supranational organizations like the UN and EU also make use of them.


title: Central Europe

text: In addition, other countries such as Croatia and the Baltic states of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia can be included in "Central Europe": though they are now mostly considered a part of either Southern Europe or Northern Europe respectively.


title: County Durham

text: The form of the county name is unique in England. Many counties are named after their principal town, and the expected form here would be "Durhamshire". But County Durham did not become a Shire/County until after the language of government was changed from Anglo-Saxon to Norman French in 1066. Previous to that it was a semi-independent Bishopric.


title: County Durham

text: Durham County Council promotes the non-metropolitan county for tourism purposes as "The Land of the Prince Bishops" in reference to the former palatine jurisdiction of the bishops.


title: County Durham

text: The historic county covered from the Pennines in the west, the River Tees in the south, the North Sea in the east and the Rivers Tyne and Derwent in the north.


title: County Durham

text: The county several had a number of exclaves: Bedlingtonshire, Islandshire and Norhamshire within Northumberland, and Craikshire within the North Riding of Yorkshire. The historic boundaries were used for parliamentary purposes until 1832, and for law courts and local government until the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844, which merged most remaining exclaves with their surrounding county.


title: County Durham

text: In 1889, under the Local Government Act 1888 England and Wales was divided into administrative counties and county boroughs. Administrative counties, governed by an elected county council, were based on the historic boundaries, less larger towns which became self-governing as county boroughs.


title: County Durham

text: In 1889 the administrative county of Durham consisted of the historic county less the county boroughs of Gateshead, South Shields and Sunderland. The boundary with the North Riding of Yorkshire was adjusted: the part of the town of Barnard Castle that was in Yorkshire was added to County Durham, but the part of the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees in Durham was given to the North Riding. For all non-administrative purposes, such as lieutenancy, the County of Durham comprised the administrative county and associated county boroughs.


title: County Durham

text: Over its existence, the administrative county lost territory, both to the existing county boroughs, and also due to the creation of county boroughs at West Hartlepool in 1902 and Darlington in 1915. In 1967 the borough of Hartlepool was removed from the administrative county when it merged with West Hartlepool to form a new county borough of Hartlepool, and in 1968 Billingham was included within the boundaries of the county borough of Teesside, associated with the North Riding.


title: County Durham

text: In 1974 Durham was divided between three counties. The boroughs of Hartlepool and Stockton-on-Tees became a part of the new non-metropolitan county of Cleveland. The metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear became responsible for Gateshead, Sunderland and South Tyneside. The new non-metropolitan county of Durham also covered the former area of Startforth Rural District, a part of the historic North Riding of Yorkshire, and south of the historical boundary of the River Tees.


title: County Durham

text: The Department for Communities and Local Government has said that the seven district councils and the County Council will be abolished and a new unitary authority for the whole of the existing County Council area will be created. The change will be on 1 April 2009 at the latest. The successful Durham County Council bid referred to the new authority as County Durham Council.


title: County Durham

text: In 1997 the non-metropolitan county (including unitary Darlington), together with that part of the former county of Cleveland north of the River Tees became a ceremonial county. Lord-lieutenants and high sheriffs are appointed to the ceremonial county of Durham. they have no job in local government.


title: County Durham

text: This is a list of the main towns in County Durham. The area covered is the entire ceremonial county, hence the inclusion of towns which are no longer administered by Durham County Council.


title: Nupedia

text: Nupedia was an English-language online encyclopedia. Its articles were written by volunteers and checked by experts. They were licensed as open content. It was founded by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger. Nupedia was online from March 2000 until September 2003. It is mostly known as the website which came before Wikipedia.


title: Nupedia

text: Unlike Wikipedia, Nupedia was not a wiki. It also had a long peer-review process for all of its articles. This was supposed to make its articles as good as professional encyclopedias. Nupedia wanted scholars to help build it. Before it shut down, Nupedia had 25 articles that completed its own review routine.


title: Nupedia

text: In late 1999, Jimmy Wales began thinking about an online encyclopedia built by volunteers. In January 2000, he hired Larry Sanger to manage it. The project went online on March 9, 2000.


title: Nupedia

text: From when it started, Nupedia was a free content encyclopedia. Bomis, Jimmy Wales' company, was going to get money from adverts on the Nupedia website. At first, the project used a license that was made up by Wales and Sanger. Later, it began using the Nupedia Open Content License. In January 2001, it switched to the GNU Free Documentation License. This was because Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation said they should.


title: Nupedia

text: Also in January 2001, Nupedia started Wikipedia. At first, it was not meant to be an encyclopedia. Instead, it was meant as a side-project to allow people to work on articles for Nupedia before they were peer reviewed. As Wikipedia got bigger and attracted new users, it began to run without Nupedia. However, Larry Sanger first led activity on Wikipedia. This was because he was the chief editor on Nupedia.


title: Nupedia

text: Wikipedia led to the gradual shutdown of Nupedia. Jimmy Wales decided to stop paying Sanger in December 2001. Sanger then left both Nupedia and Wikipedia. After Sanger left, Nupedia became even less noticed than Wikipedia. As Nupedia was used less and less, the idea of changing its articles into Wikipedia articles was sometimes proposed. However, it was never done. After it closed down, Nupedia's articles were moved in to Wikipedia.


title: Nupedia

text: People who wrote for Nupedia were supposed to be experts in what they wrote about. However, some articles could be written by a good writer, rather than an expert. People who "changed" content on Nupedia were expected to be "true experts in their fields and (with few exceptions) possess PhDs", which means that they should be experts in what they are changing and (generally) have PhDs.


title: Bazaar

text: bazaar is an Persian word which can be also seen in other languages like and . bazaar is an area that is always used for shopping. It can be a market place or a street of shops where things are exchanged or sold.


title: Bazaar

text: The word bazaar is from the Persian word "bāzār", this word itself comes from the Pahlavi word "baha-char" (بهاچار), meaning "the place of prices". Although the meaning of the word "bazaar" started in Persia, it has spread and is now used in many countries around world.


title: Bazaar

text: The world's biggest bazaar is the Grand Bazaar, Tehran, other well-known ones are the Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, the Old Bazaar in Cairo, the Chandni Chowk in Delhi or the Anarkali Bazar in Lahore. Very often, banks, or moneylenders, cafes and mosques can also be found in a bazaar.


title: Hyphen

text: The hyphen is a punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word. The use of hyphens is called hyphenation. A hyphen looks like this: -. Hyphens have many uses in writing.


title: Hyphen

text: "Son-in-law" is an example of a hyphenated word. The hyphen is sometimes confused with dashes which are longer and have different uses, or with the minus sign. The hyphen is the shortest of these signs.


title: Mooseknuckle

text: A mooseknuckle or manbulge is slang for when the outline or bulge of a man's genitalia is visible through clothing. A slang word for when the mooseknuckle or manbulge seems erect or pointy includes "trouser tent". Other slang words for the mooseknuckle or manbulge includes "dick-print". The antonym of mooseknuckle or manbulge is cameltoe, which means the visible outline of a woman's genitalia. The mooseknuckle or manbulge tends to be more with clothing such as grey sweatpants. The reason why most men have a mooseknuckle or manbulge through clothes is because male genitalia is on the outside of the body.


title: E. S. L. Narasimhan

text: Ekkadu Srinivasan Lakshmi Narasimhan (born 1945) is an Indian politician. He was the 1st Governor of Telangana from 2014 to 2019. He also was Governor of Andhra Pradesh from December 2009 to July 2019 and Governor of Chhattisgarh from January 2007 to December 2009.


title: The Great Gatsby

text: The Great Gatsby is a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald. It was first sold in 1925. The novel takes place in New York City and Long Island in New York.


title: The Great Gatsby

text: "The Great Gatsby" is one of the most popular books in the United States. The book was number two on the Modern Library Association's list of "100 Best Novels of the 20th Century." "Time Magazine" put the book in its "TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005". A 1989 study found that 54% of high schools surveyed taught "The Great Gatsby" in their English classes.


title: The Great Gatsby

text: The story is told by Nick Carraway, a man who moves to Long Island, New York, from the Midwest. Nick is not rich, but he lives in a rich area that has two towns called East Egg and West Egg. The "old rich" live in East Egg while the "new rich" live in West Egg. Nick lives in a small house in West Egg. Nick's next-door neighbor is Jay Gatsby. Jay is in love with Nick's cousin Daisy. However, Daisy is married to a man named Tom. The novel is about Jay and his hope that he can steal Daisy from Tom.


title: The Great Gatsby

text: The events of the novel happen in the summer of 1922. Nick Carraway, a man who grew up in the American Midwest, is the narrator. Nick is a World War I veteran and a Yale University graduate who wants a more exciting life. He moves to New York, to be a bonds salesman. There, he rents a house in the small community of West Egg. The person living next to him is Jay Gatsby, a mysterious man who also has a lot of money. Jay Gatsby also hosts many expensive parties frequently. Strangely, he never participates in his own parties; because of this, many rumors are formed as to Gatsby's true identity and background. Nick drives out to visit his cousin Daisy in East Egg. There, he meets her husband, Tom Buchanan. He is also introduced to her friend, Jordan Baker. Nick learns from her that Tom has been having an affair with Myrtle Wilson. Nick decides to hold his judgment.


title: The Great Gatsby

text: Later in the summer, Nick is invited to one of Gatsby's parties. There, he meets Gatsby himself, a young and charming man. Nick learns that Gatsby was once in a romantic relationship with Daisy, many years ago. Gatsby is still in love with her, and spends many nights looking at the green light from Daisy's dock across his mansion. He is hoping that he could impress Daisy with his rich lifestyle and wild parties. Gatsby grew up very poor and with little opportunity to move up in the world, and this motivated him to pursue wealth to reinvent himself and become worthy of being with Daisy. Gatsby asks Nick to arrange for Daisy and him to meet. Nick invites them both over for tea, and they begin to fall in love again. They then start an affair with one another.


title: The Great Gatsby

text: After a short time, Tom notices that Daisy and Gatsby are in love. The group meets at a hotel, where Daisy is forced to choose between Gatsby and Tom. She chooses Tom, and the group begins to drive home. Along the way, Daisy, driving Gatsby's car, accidentally hits and kills Myrtle. Gatsby tells Nick that he will take the blame in order to save Daisy. Later, he is then shot dead by Myrtle's husband, George, believing that Gatsby was the one responsible. George then kills himself.


title: The Great Gatsby

text: Nick holds a funeral for Gatsby, but very few people show up despite Gatsby having been famous. Angry and sad about everything that has happened, Nick decides to leave New York to move back to the Midwest.


title: Skirmisher

text: A Skirmisher is a soldier usually sent ahead of a main body of troops to harass the enemy. Groups of skirmishers may also be placed on the flanks to prevent a surprise attack or flanking maneuver. A skirmish is a term first used in the 14th century. It meant a small-scale fight between two opposing forces or a preliminary battle involving troops in front of the main force. Skirmishers were those involved in the fight or battle. It comes from the Old French "eskirmir" "to defend". Skirmishers were usually infantry or cavalry soldiers who formed a skirmish line ahead or next to friendly troops.


title: Skirmisher

text: Two conflicts that involved the American Colonies and the development of skirmishers were the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War in the American colonies) and the American Revolutionary War. The main development of skirmisher tactics came from the Native American allied primarily to the English and French. Indian warriors did not fight in the European style of closely packed formations of soldiers, but more often fought as individuals. They used cover, ambush and lines of fighters that would later come to be called skirmishing.


title: Skirmisher

text: The tactics of the day called for heavy cavalry to be kept in reserve. Light cavalry were often used as skirmishers. They were usually positioned on the sides of an army and served two purposes. In "skirmish order" they could be placed some distance from the main force. That way they could warn the commander if any enemy approached from that direction. The other purpose was to use their quick speed to engage the enemy and hold them until more forces arrived. By their very presence they discouraged the enemy from mounting a flanking attack.