title: The Chase Spain

text: In Germany, the show launched in 2012 in a late-night slot, before being moved to primetime in 2015 where it airs on Das Erste, while in Serbia one in five viewers tune in to watch on RTS1. It launched in Finland on MTV3 in August 2018, where it added +80% to the slot for individuals.


title: Origin of Polo

text: The International Museum of the Horse unveiled an exhibition on Manipur's history of polo and polo pony, in the Kentucky Horse Park, in Lexington, USA.


title: Origin of Polo

text: After continuous debates regarding the origin of the polo, an Italian author Fulvio Cinquinni settled the doubt once and for all. For these, he visited Imphal to collect adequate historical documents and materials for book on the game.


title: 2018 Winter Olympics

text: The 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games, is a sporting event that took place in between February 9 and 25, 2018. The deadline for bids was January 2009. The winning city, Pyeongchang, South Korea, was announced on July 6, 2011.


title: 2018 Winter Olympics

text: Officially, it is being called 'PyeongChang', spelled that way so people don't confuse it with Pyongyang, which is in North Korea.


title: 2018 Winter Olympics

text: On July 4, 2007, Sochi, Russia was selected to host the 2014 Winter Games, hurting European candidates' chances at a successful bid. The IOC rarely awards back-to-back games to the same continent.


title: 2018 Winter Olympics

text: America was going to submit a bid, but the country changed its bid to the 2022 Winter Olympics. Here are the cities which had showed interest:


title: Joan Rivers

text: Joan Alexandra Molinsky (June 8, 1933 – September 4, 2014), known professionally as Joan Rivers, was an American comedian, talk show host, businesswoman, and celebrity. She was known for her tough manner and loud voice with a heavy New York accent. She was the National Chairwoman of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and was a board member of God's Love We Deliver. She won an Emmy Award in 1990.


title: Joan Rivers

text: Rivers was born in Brooklyn, New York City. She was raised in Larchmore, New York. Rivers studied at Connecticut College and at Barnard College. Similar to how Phyllis Diller career began, Rivers' comedy act was mainly about bad things about herself.


title: Joan Rivers

text: A friend of Nancy and President Ronald Reagan, Rivers attended a state dinner in 1983, and later, at the invitation of Nancy, spoke at luncheon at the 1984 Republican National Convention.


title: Joan Rivers

text: She was married to James Sanger for a few months in 1955 before their marriage was annulled. She was married to Edgar Rosenberg from 1965 until his suicide in 1987. Rivers and Rosenberg had a daughter, Melissa Rivers.


title: Joan Rivers

text: On the morning of August 28, 2014, Rivers was rushed to the hospital after suffering from cardiac arrest during surgery on her throat in New York City. She was put on life support and was in a medically induced coma.


title: Joan Rivers

text: On September 4, 2014, Melissa announced that Rivers had died at the age of 81 from heart failure caused by respiratory and cardiac arrest. Her burial is at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.


title: Brazilian Federal District

text: The Brazilian Federal District or Distrito Federal is a part of Brazil, which is used to shelter Brasília, the federal capital. It is in the centre of the country.


title: Brazilian Federal District

text: The government of Brazil was moved to Distrito Federal on April 21, 1960. Before this, the Brazilian Federal District used to be the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Afterwards, the municipality of Rio de Janeiro became the Estado da Guanabara (State of Guanabara), from 1960 until 1975. In 1975, the State of Guanabara and the State of Rio de Janeiro merged, to be named the state of Rio de Janeiro.


title: Brazilian Federal District

text: Originally, most of the people were local workers (called "Candangos"), who built the capital, and federal government workers who were sent to the new capital, Brasília. The capital is a planned city. It had areas built for homes, business, schools and other uses. Originally built for up to one million people, the city now has many more than one million people. Because of how the city was built, it has been hard for the city to grow. This has caused many people to live in cities around Brasília. A large percentage of the people of the Distrito Federal live outside the city now.


title: Brazilian Federal District

text: The white color is for peace. The green and yellow colors in the middle refer to the national colors of Brazil. The four yellow arrows are for the native people of Brazil. The arrows pointing into the four cardinal directions of the compass stands for the power moving out from the center. The yellow arrows also form a cross. This is a symbol of the Southern Cross carried by the explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral.


title: Brazilian Federal District

text: The flag was created by the poet Guilherme de Almeida, and was adopted by decree no. 1090 on August 25, 1969.


title: Fijian language

text: The Fijian language is a Austronesian language. It is one of the official languages of Fiji. It has about 350,000 speakers.


title: Kassym-Jomart Tokayev

text: Kassym-Jomart Kemelevich Tokayev (born 17 May 1953) is a Kazakh politician and diplomat. He became the President of Kazakhstan on 20 March 2019, after Nursultan Nazarbayev resigned on 19 March 2019.


title: Kassym-Jomart Tokayev

text: He was Chairman of the Senate of Kazakhstan from 16 October 2013 to 19 March 2019 and from 11 January 2007 to 15 April 2011.


title: Kassym-Jomart Tokayev

text: Tokayev was Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 1 October 1999 to 28 January 2002 and as Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva from 12 March 2011 to 16 October 2013.


title: Yaya Touré

text: Yaya Touré (born 13 May 1983) is a Côte d'Ivoire football player. He plays for Manchester City and Côte d'Ivoire national team.


title: Victoria Azarenka

text: Victoria Azarenka (, ; born 31 July 1989) is a Belarusian tennis player. She won the mixed doubles at the 2007 US Open and at the 2008 French Open. She won the singles at the 2012 and 2013 Australian Open. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she won a bronze medal in the singles and a gold medal in the mixed doubles. She is a former world no. 1. As of 8 July 2013, she was the world no. 3.


title: Warta

text: The Warta (; ) is a river in western-central Poland. It is a tributary of the Oder river. It is about long. The Warta is Poland's third longest river. Its river basin is . It is connected to the Vistula by the river Noteć and the Bydgoszcz Canal ("Kanał Bydgoski") near Bydgoszcz.


title: Aphasia

text: Aphasia is damage to the brain which affects speech. It is used for all forms of brain damage which negatively affects speech.


title: Warta

text: The Warta river starts in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland at Kromołów near Zawiercie in the Silesian Voivodeship. It flows through Łódź Voivodeship, Greater Poland (Wielkopolska), and Lubusz Voivodeship. It empties into the Oder river in a town called Kostrzyn nad Odrą, on the border with Germany.


title: Aphasia

text: The damage may cause muteness, in which case treatment depends on knowing exactly what caused the aphasia.


title: Warta

text: The Warta's river basis was the original territory of Poland. The Polans tribe () lived there starting in the 8th century (700 CE). The Polish national anthem, "Mazurek Dąbrowskiego", mentions the Warta in its second verse.


title: Aphasia

text: The condition primary progressive aphasia is serious because it is progressive. It gets worse with time.


title: Contour line

text: Contour lines or isolines are used when plotting a function. All the points where the function has the same value are connected. Two well-known examples, where such lines are commonly are height lines on topographical maps, and showing areas with the same pressure or temperature on weather charts. Contour lines are an application of level sets.


title: Chemical kinetics

text: Chemical kinetics, also called reaction kinetics, is studying how fast chemical reactions go. This includes studying how different conditions such as temperature, pressure or solvent used affect the speed of a reaction. Chemical kinetics can also be used to find out about reaction mechanisms and transition states.


title: Chemical kinetics

text: The basic idea of chemical kinetics is called collision theory. This states that for a reaction to happen, the molecules must hit each other. Ways of increasing the speed of the reaction must therefore increase the number of hits. This can be done in many ways.


title: Chemical kinetics

text: With experiments it is possible to calculate reaction rates from which you can get rate laws and rate constants. A rate law is a mathematical expression with which you can calculate the speed of a reaction given the concentration of the reagents.


title: Chemical kinetics

text: From this data, it is possible to think about the mechanism of the reaction. If it is second-order, for example, then it is likely that both molecules in the reaction are coming together during the rate-determining step. This is the most difficult step in the mechanism to go through, because it has the highest activation energy.


title: Olivine

text: Olivine (or chrysolite) is a silicate mineral made of magnesium iron silicate with the formula (Mg,Fe)2SiO4.


title: Olivine

text: Dunite is a rock of 90%+ olivine. Dunite and other peridotite rocks are major constituents of the Earth's mantle above a depth of about 400 kilometers. Dunite is rarely found on land, except where slabs of mantle rock from a subduction zone have been thrust onto continental crust.


title: Olivine

text: Olivine has also been found at several extraterrestrial locations, such as the moon and many passing space rocks - as well as the outer layers of dust orbiting young stars.


title: National library

text: A national library is a library that is established to serve a country or a nation. Sometimes national libraries are dedicated to one subject and sometimes they are divided into several buildings.


title: Urdu Wikipedia

text: The Urdu Wikipedia (Urdu: ' or ') is the Urdu-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in January 2004. As of October 2018, it has over 140,000 articles.


title: Arabesque

text: Arabesque is an artistic decoration. It uses "surface decorations based on... interlacing foliage, tendrils" or plain lines. Another definition is "Foliate ornament, used in the Islamic world, typically using leaves... combined with spiralling stems".


title: Arabesque

text: The term "arabesque" is used as a technical term by art historians for decoration in Islamic art from about the 9th century onwards, and European decorative art from the Renaissance onwards. Note that Islamic geometric patterns are a different style from arabesques.


title: Beat Generation

text: The Beat Generation was a movement of writers, poets, and artists during the 1950s and 1960s, who liked the beat of jazz and bebop music, which became a kind of soundtrack to much of their lives and work. People associated with the movement were called "Beats", or sometimes "Beatniks", a reference to Communism. (A few Beats supported Communism, but most did not.) The term came from novelist Jack Kerouac, who was sometimes called "The King of the Beats". Other Beat writers were William S. Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg.


title: Kris Kristofferson

text: Kristoffer "Kris" Kristofferson (born June 22, 1936) is an American actor, musician, and writer. He is known for writing country songs for other people or singing them himself. He is also a well-known actor and appeared in films like "Star is Born", "Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia", "Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore", "Blade", "He's Just Not That Into You", and "Planet of the Apes".


title: Kris Kristofferson

text: He is the author of a number of country standards, such as "Me and Bobbie McGee" and "Sunday Morning Coming Down". He was born in Brownsville, Texas and was raised in San Mateo, California. He studied at Pomona College and Merton College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar.


title: Kris Kristofferson

text: He began playing music in 1959, however his career began in Nashville, Tennessee in 1965 after coming back from military service.


title: Kris Kristofferson

text: In 2015, Kristofferson was diagnosed with Lyme disease after having Alzheimer's-like symptoms for ten years.


title: Kris Kristofferson

text: Kristofferson was married to Frances Beer from 1960 until they divorced in 1969. He later married singer Rita Coolidge in 1973 and they divorced in 1980. In 1983, he married Lisa Meyers. Kristofferson has eight children.


title: Kris Kristofferson

text: In 1976, he won a Golden Globe Award for acting and in 2014 he was honored with a Lifetime Grammy Award. In 2004, he was honored into the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum.


title: Grindcore

text: Grindcore is a type of heavy metal and hardcore punk music. It was invented in the 1980s by bands such as Napalm Death. Grindcore is a lot like black metal and death metal, but the guitar parts are very simple and are played over and over again in a song. The vocals are usually loud shouts and screams while the drums play fast and loud, around 200bpm. In most cases, grindcore songs will be very short in length - Napalm Death's song 'You Suffer' is the shortest in the world at 1.316 seconds long. Their lyrics are similar to death metal and hardcore punk, which usually sing about pain, suffering, blood, gore or politics, injustice and revolution.


title: Grindcore

text: One popular grindcore band is Anal Cunt, who go by "A.C." because their name has a sexual meaning. A.C. sings about racism, violence, and sexism. They produce very controversial songs such as 'You Were Pregnant So I Kicked You in the Stomach' and lyrics which make jokes of the Third Reich.


title: Shogi

text: The earliest predecessors of the game, chaturanga, originated in India in the 6th century AD, and spread from China to Japan, where it spawned a number of variants. Shogi in its present form was played as early as the 16th century, while a direct ancestor without the "drop rule" was recorded from 1210 in a historical document "Nichūreki," which is an edited copy of "Shōchūreki" and "Kaichūreki" from the late Heian period (~1120).


title: Shogi

text: According to ChessVariants.com, "Perhaps the enduring popularity of Shogi can be attributed to its 'drop rule'; it was the first chess variant wherein captured pieces could be returned to the board to be used as one's own. This has the consequence that few games are drawn, which is a weakness of international chess. David Pritchard credits the drop rule to the practice of 16th century mercenaries ("ronin") who switched loyalties when captured—no doubt as an alternative to execution".


title: Emily Browning

text: Emily Jane Browning (born 7 December 1988) is an Australian movie actress and singer. Browning made her movie start in the Australian television movie "The Echo of Thunder". Later, she played recurring roles in Australian television shows "Blue Heelers" and "Something in the Air." Her breakthrough role was in the 2002 horror movie "Ghost Ship," which introduced her to a wider audience. In 2005, Browning won the Australian Film Institute International Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of Violet Baudelaire in the comedy movie "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events" (2004).


title: Emily Browning

text: Browning is also known for her roles in the horror movie "The Uninvited" (2009), the action movie "Sucker Punch" (2011), and the independent movie "Sleeping Beauty" (2011). Her role in "Sleeping Beauty" was highly praised and in 2011 was named the Breakthrough performer of the year by Hamptons International Film Festival.


title: Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr

text: Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr was the President of Iraq from 17 July 1968 to 16 July 1979. He was born in Tikrit, Ottoman Iraq on 1 July 1914.


title: Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr

text: He was a member of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and later, the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party. During his rule Iraq had high economic growth due to high international oil prices. Al Bakr slowing lost power to his cousin Saddam Hussein.


title: A Clockwork Orange

text: Through the exploits and experiences of the teenaged, charismatic but sociopathic, Alex, it explores mankind's violent nature. The novel is set in a not-so-distant future society with a culture of extreme youth rebellion and violence. It satirizes trends in youth culture that were around in the 1960s in the West, and to some extent still present today. The dramatic events throw a light on human free will to choose between good or evil, and the weakness of free will as a solution to evil. Alex and his three goons do various crimes, mainly assaulting everyone: Brutally for the men, and sexually for the women. He is sent to prison for murdering a woman whilst burgling her house.


title: A Clockwork Orange

text: Burgess experiments with language by writing in a Russian-influenced argot (slang) called "Nadsat" which is used by the novel’s teenage anti-hero in his first-person narrative, and the younger characters. According to Burgess, the novel was a "jeu d'esprit" written in just three weeks.


title: A Clockwork Orange

text: In 2005, "A Clockwork Orange" was included on "Time" magazine's list of the 100 best English-language novels written since 1923, and it was named by Modern Library and its readers as one of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. The original manuscript of the book was bought by McMaster University. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada in 1971.


title: A Clockwork Orange

text: The best known adaptation of the novel to other forms is the 1971 movie "A Clockwork Orange" by Stanley Kubrick, starring Malcolm McDowell as Alex. A 1965 film by Andy Warhol entitled "Vinyl" was also an adaptation of Burgess' novel.


title: Pirate Party Germany

text: The Pirate Party Germany (German: "Piratenpartei Deutschland"; short: "PIRATEN", "Pirates") is a political party in Germany based on the model of the Swedish Piratpartiet.


title: Pirate Party Germany

text: The party opposes the loss of civil rights in telephony and on the Internet, in particular the rules for keeping information about telephone calls and Germany's new Internet censorship law called "Zugangserschwerungsgesetz".


title: Pirate Party Germany

text: The party favours the civil right to information privacy and reforms of copyright, education, computer science and patents.


title: Pirate Party Germany

text: It wants more open and transparent government, and the electronic inspection and control of government operations by the citizen.


title: Pirate Party Germany

text: The party was founded on 10 September 2006. Party leader has been Patrick Schiffer since August 2016. Previous leaders were among others Sebastian Nerz, Dirk Hillbrecht, Jens Seipenbusch and Christof Leng.


title: Pirate Party Germany

text: In February 2009, the village spokesperson of Hohenstein, a city councillor in Strausberg, Jens Knoblich joined the Pirate Party Germany. In June 2009, Bundestag member Jörg Tauss, who has been charged with the crime of child pornography possession and distribution, left the SPD and joined the Pirate Party after the "Zugangserschwerungsgesetz" was passed. He said that while he supports the fight against child pornography, the means are unacceptable. In late August 2009, Herbert Rusche, one of the founding members of the German Green Party and, in the 1980s, the first openly homosexual member of parliament in Germany, joined the Pirate Party.


title: Pirate Party Germany

text: On 27 September 2009, the PIRATEN received 2.0% (845,904 votes) in the 2009 German federal election. This result means that the party failed to secure any seat in the Bundestag, however this was also the best result among the parties who did not achieve the required 5% threshold. Among the first-time male voters the party received 13%.


title: Pirate Party Germany

text: The election results in 2009 means the party still qualifies for some government funding of campaign finance.


title: Pirate Party Germany

text: It received 229,117 votes in the 2009 European Parliament election, which was 0.9%, but not enough (at least 5%) for a seat. The number of party members has increased since then. As of March 2010, the party had over 12,000 members.


title: Pirate Party Germany

text: On 30 August 2009, the PIRATEN received 1.9% in the 2009 Saxony state election. On the same day, the party also received one seat in each council in the local elections of Münster and Aachen, although candidates of the party ran for office only in some constituencies of both cities.


title: Pirate Party Germany

text: Support for The PIRATEN differs between States. The party received 1.8% in the 2009 Schleswig-Holstein state election and 1,5% in the 2010 North Rhine-Westphalia state election (though without securing seats), but only 0.5% in the 2009 Hesse state election and did not participate in the 2009 Brandenburg and Saarland state elections


title: Dominican peso

text: The Dominican peso is the money of the Dominican Republic. Its official name is "Peso oro" and its symbol is "$" with RD in front of it ("RD$") to differentiate it from other "pesos" or "dollars". The ISO 4217 for the Dominican peso is DOP. Each peso is divided into 100 "centavos" (English, "cents").


title: Tom Kenny

text: Thomas James "Tom" Kenny (born July 13, 1962) is an American actor, comedian and voice actor. He is mostly known for being the voice of SpongeBob SquarePants in "SpongeBob SquarePants". He has also done the voices of The Ice King in "Adventure Time", The Mayor in "The Powerpuff Girls", Wheelie in "The Transformers Movie Series", and Scout Master Lumpus in "Camp Lazlo".


title: Dominican peso

text: The first Dominican peso was introduced in 1844. It replaced the Haitian money. In 1905, the peso was replaced by United States currency. The peso oro was introduced in 1937, although the US dollar continued to be used alongside the peso oro until 1947.


title: Tom Kenny

text: Kenny was born on July 13, 1962 in Syracuse, New York. He studied at the Bishop Grimes High School. He has been currently married to Jill Talley since 1995. They have two children, Mack (born 1997) and Nora (born 2003). The Kennys live in Studio City, California.


title: Dominican peso

text: Coins were introduced in 1937 in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 centavos. Since 1991, coins of denominations 1, 5, 10 and 25 pesos have been introduced. However, due to inflation, coins below 1 peso are now rarely found. Banknotes in use are 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 pesos.


title: International economics

text: International economics is a field of macroeconomics. It looks at the effect of trade of goods and services between different countries. Generally, there's trade between contries, if any of the folloowing is true:


title: Roberta Flack

text: Roberta Flack (born February 10, 1937) is an American R&B singer. She was born in Black Mountain, North Carolina. She has released nineteen studio albums. She has had three number one singles. "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" was her first number one. It won the 1973 Grammy Record of the Year. In 1974 Flack performed "When I Grow Up" with Michael Jackson. In 1999 a star was put in the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her.


title: Roberta Flack

text: Roberta Flack was born in Black Mountain, North Carolina. She was raised in Virginia. Howard University gave her a music scholarship because she was good at playing piano. When she was fifteen she became a student there.


title: Roberta Flack

text: Flack released her first album "First Take" in 1969. The album went to number one in the US album chart. It was her most successful album. In 1970 Flack's second album "Chapter Two" was released. It was less successful. In 1972 "Roberta Flack & Donny Hathaway" was released. In 1973 "Killing Me Softly" was released. In 1980 Flack's second album with Donny Hathaway was released.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: Edgar Cayce (March 18, 1877 – January 3, 1945), known as "The Sleeping Prophet" and "America's Greatest Mystic", is one of America's famous psychics. He wanted people to think of him as a healer and not a psychic.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: Cayce worked in a trance. This means he could talk while sleeping and answered questions about a person's health, past and future. This information is called "readings". At first, these readings were about the physical health of the person ("physical readings"). Later, there were readings on "past lives", "business advice", "dream interpretation", and also "mental or spiritual health". The Association for Research and Enlightenment (ARE) currently takes care of all of his readings and follow-ups to the readings. The readings have had a large effect on New Age thinking.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: Edgar Cayce was born on March 18,1877 near Hopkinsville, Kentucky. He read the Bible many times starting when he was 10 years old. He wanted to tell people about God and heal them. His family worked on a farm.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: His family moved to Hopkinsville in December, 1893. Edgar's first jobs (1894 – 1898) were at Richard's Dry Goods Store. He next worked in Hopper's Bookstore. Both stores were located on Main Street. He married Gertrude Evans in 1903.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: In 1900, Cayce went into business with his father. They sold insurance. Cayce became very sick with laryngitis in March. In April 18, he could not talk at all. He had to live at home with his parents for almost a year. He became a photographer because it did not require talking. He worked in the photography studio of W. R. Bowles in Hopkinsville.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: A hypnotist and entertainer called Hart was entertaining at the Hopkinsville Opera House in 1901. He heard that Cayce was sick and asked if he could try to cure him. Cayce said yes and the entertainer tried to cure Cayce in front of an audience. Cayce was able to talk while in a hypnotic trance but when he woke up he could not talk. Hart hypnotized Cayce so that his voice would be normal after the trance but Cayce's voice did not become normal.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: Hart had to leave. Another hypnotist, Al Layne, continued to help Cayce have a normal voice. Layne asked Cayce to tell him the cause of his illness and it's cure while in a trance. Cayce described his illness from a first person plural point of view – 'we' – instead of the singular "I." In later readings, he would usually start off with "We have the body." In the reading, Cayce said his voice loss was because of psychological paralysis and that could be fixed by increasing the blood flow to the voice box. Layne suggested that the blood flow be increased and Cayce's face turned red with blood and his chest area turned bright red. After 20 minutes, Cayce, still in a trance, said the treatment was over. When he woke up his voice stayed normal. He would get sick again, but was cured by Layne in the same way and later he was cured perfectly.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: Cayce's work grew as his fame grew. He asked for people to give him money to support himself and his family so that he could work full-time. He continued to work in a trance state with a hypnotist all his life. His wife and oldest son later replaced Layne in this role. A secretary, Gladys Davis, took notes. Many believe that Cayce had an affair with Ms. Davis later in life - but a medical examination conducted after Cayce's death to treat Davis's uterine cancer allegedly showed that she was still a virgin at that time.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: In 1929 the Cayce hospital was created in Virginia Beach. The cost of the hospital was paid for by Morton Blumenthal, a New York stockbroker, Cayce hospital benefactor.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: Cayce became famous in the United States in 1943 because of an article in "Coronet" magazine. He increased his readings to 8 times a day to try to keep up. This caused problems with his health.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: The trance reading caused problems with Cayce’s health which were easily seen. On the times when he could not give a clear reading, he said it was because he was working under too great a pressure. In these cases, he always gave the money back to the person he was giving a reading to.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: Edgar Cayce is famous for the thousands of "readings" that he gave while he was hypnotized. He gave more than 14,000 readings in 43 years. Gladys Davis, his assistant, recorded the readings and his wife, Gertrude Evans Cayce, guided him during hypnosis.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: In the beginning, his readings were known as "physical readings" (health readings). Cayce often called the body "the organism". Cayce would put himself under self-hypnosis. While he seemed to sleep, he would say where the person was. He would sometimes name the streets along the way. He would then say "Yes, we see the body", and describe the client's organ, circulatory, and nervous systems. He would give reasons for illness or problems. A message would then be given to the person telling them how to get better. The readings were so specialized that treatments were often changed, or not even given, if the person would not follow his advice. People often came to Cayce for health readings when the medical community could find nothing wrong or had given up on them.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: In a life reading, Cayce described the "past lives" of the client. These readings described the client's present physical, emotional and mental condition in terms of past life experience. Cayce was not above flattering his clients by describing past lives as royalty, famous people, or people at their "spiritual highest".


title: Edgar Cayce

text: For those people whose intentions Cayce believed to be "pure", Cayce would give business readings. These included advice on business partners, the stock market, and business models. Cayce also founded and guided the A.R.E..


title: Edgar Cayce

text: Edgar Cayce encouraged everyone to interpret and use his or her own dreams in day-to-day life. A dream reading involved Cayce interpreting the dreams of clients. As he did with readings on many subjects, Cayce would often interrupt the person reading the dream and give an interpretation before the dream had been completely read. He would sometimes fill in parts of dreams that the dreamer had supposedly forgotten. Unlike Jungian or Freudian dream interpretation, Cayce did not emphasize highly the importance of symbols. He said that every individual has his or her own unique symbols. Cayce claimed that in dreams people could receive valuable insight into their own lives and that the insight was always of use to the dreamer. Besides regular daily insight into one's life, he claimed people could communicate with loved ones dead or alive, remember past life experiences, see a possible future and experience many other psychic phenomena. He stated that these paranormal abilities were something anyone could learn.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: These readings were often short and were Cayce's favorite type of reading when not in his supposed trance state. They focused on what an individual could do to achieve a better mental/spiritual life.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: Other Readings are miscellaneous subject matter that does not fit into an above category. The subject matter differs from missing persons, buried treasure, readings given to a spiritual development group, psychic abilities, auras, prophecy, structure of reality, geology and many other topics.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: For many people, the readings had a powerful impact on attitudes, beliefs, health practices, outlook on life, matters of faith and many other areas.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: Cayce had difficulty in believing some of the things he said when he was hypnotized. For example, having been raised a devout Christian, for a long time he could not believe that reincarnation was real. Books such as Frederick Oliver's A Dweller On Two Planets and Marie Corelli's novels were probably easily accessible to Cayce at his bookstore. Corelli's writings in particular seek to reconcile mystical beliefs such as reincarnation with Christianity, and Cayce may have been subconsciously trying to accept this idea.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: Cayce also claimed while in a supposed trance that the Essenes had believed in reincarnation but that view was expunged from the Bible following a papal council decision in around 500 AD. Essene belief in reincarnation is debatable , as with ancient Egyptian religion.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: During a hypnosis session, Cayce mentioned a former life as Ra Ta, an Egyptian healer-priest. He told a long story about working with the legendary doctor-magician Hermes-Thoth, who he said was reincarnated as Jesus. Cayce also specified that Jesus had lived a number of incarnations throughout human history.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: One of Cayce's trance statements implies that knowledge gained through his readings is "not" necessary if a person is well grounded in one's faith: "Does it make one a better husband, a better businessman, a better neighbor, a better artist, a better churchman, if so cleave to it, if not reject it."


title: Edgar Cayce

text: The readings also warn against the misuse of religion for personal gain. 'God is not mocked' is an often quoted verse in the readings.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: Many skeptics say that Cayce did not have paranormal abilities. Cayce himself said that not all the information given during "readings" was correct and should be analyzed. He criticized his own organization, the A.R.E , on a number of occasions for not doing enough research on the validity of the readings.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: In addition, although Cayce's secretary Miss Davis allegedly took down what Cayce said, the records of the readings are jumbled and chaotic. There is nothing to distinguish what Cayce himself independently said, what was the information provided in the letters, and what his handlers – physicians, osteopaths and hypnotists – told him. Thus, researchers cannot say that Cayce ever made an accurate diagnosis without knowing anything about the person at the other end. What is known is that by the time he got some of the letters, the client had already died. Yet Cayce went on with his reading for the individual as though still alive.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: Critics also cite the vagueness of his language while in his supposed trance state. Martin Gardner gives several examples of this, including a reading Cayce did for his own wife, who had tuberculosis:


title: Edgar Cayce

text: "[F]rom the head, pains along through the body from the second, fifth and sixth dorsals, and from the first and second lumbar ... tie-ups here, floating lesions, or lateral lesions, in the muscular and nerve fibers which supply the lower end of the lung and the diaphragm ... in conjunction with the sympathetic nerve of the solar plexus, coming in conjunction with the solar plexus at the end of the stomach..."


title: Edgar Cayce

text: Many of his health readings prescribed cures with ingredients that did not exist. Others were folk remedies, some well known to today's herbalists and naturopaths, but Cayce would sometimes describe them using terms that had fallen out of general use. Still other ingredients were completely unknown to either physicians or herbalists. Some were completely worthless; for example, Cayce once recommended breathing the fumes of apple brandy from a charred keg to cure tuberculosis.


title: Edgar Cayce

text: In 1931 Edgar Cayce founded the Association for Research and Enlightenment, Inc. (A.R.E.) headquartered in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Today there are Edgar Cayce Centers in 18 other countries throughout the world.


title: Mount Vernon

text: Mount Vernon was the plantation home of George Washington, the first President of the United States. It is located near Alexandria, Virginia. The house was designed by Washington and built of wood in 1757. It is in the neoclassical Georgian architectural style. Mount Vernon is on the banks of the Potomac River. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is owned and maintained in trust by The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. It is open every day of the year. Mount Vernon is on the tentative list of World Heritage Sites in the United States.


title: Mount Vernon

text: The property was long called Little Hunting Creek Plantation but Lawrence Washington, George's older half-brother, renamed it for Edward Vernon, his commander in the Royal Navy. Laurence died in 1753 and George eventually inherited the estate.


title: Flannel

text: Flannel is a soft woven fabric, of various fineness. It usually does not have a nap, and instead gains its softness through the loosely spun yarn it is woven from. It is commonly used to make clothing, bed sheets, and sleepwear.


title: Flannel

text: Flannel was originally made from carded wool or worsted yarn, but is now often made from either wool and cotton, or wool and synthetic fibre.


title: Flannel

text: Flannelette is a light, napped cotton fabric imitating the texture of flannel. The weft is generally coarser than the warp. The flannel-like appearance is created by creating a nap from the weft; scratching it and raising it up. Flannelette can either have long or short nap, and can be napped on only one or two sides. It comes in many colours, both solid and patterned.


title: Flannel

text: Flannel, flannelette and cotton flannel can be woven in either a twill weave or plain weave. The weave is often hidden by napping on one or both sides. After weaving, it is napped once, then bleached, dyed, or otherwise treated, and then napped a second time.


title: Czechoslovak government-in-exile

text: The Czechoslovak government-in-exile (sometimes called officially as: provisional government of Czechoslovakia) was an informal name given to the Czechoslovak National Liberation Committee, first by British diplomatic recognition. The name was used by other World War II Allies as they followed the British in recognizing it. The Committee was originally created by the former Czechoslovak President, Edvard Beneš in Paris, France in October 1939. Unsuccessful negotiations with France for diplomatic status, as well as the impending Nazi occupation of France, forced the Committee to move to London in 1940. From there, it moved to Aston Abbots, Buckinghamshire in 1941, where it sought relative safety from the London Blitz.


title: Political corruption

text: Political corruption is using powers of government officials or their network contacts for inappropriate private gain.


title: Czechoslovak government-in-exile

text: It was the true government for Czechoslovakia throughout the Second World War. A specifically anti-Fascist government, it sought to reverse the Munich Agreement and the following German occupation of Czechoslovakia, and to return the Republic to its 1937 boundaries. Due to this it was considered, by those countries that recognized it, the legal continuation of the First Republic of Czechoslovakia.


title: Political corruption

text: The forms of corruption are very different between one another. Examples of political corruption are lobbying, bribery, extortion (which refers when to someone commits blackmail or bribery against or threatens other people through putting a feeling of fear by telling certain people something "will" happen if the victim does not comply), nepotism (the unfair use of power for receiving job employments or benefits by family or friends), patronage (improperly using state money/goods to reward families, certain groups or races in exchange for voting for certain political party members) and embezzlement. Corruption is often linked to human trafficking, money laundering and drug trafficking. But political corruptions are not limited to these illegal acts. Misuse of government power for certain other purposes, an example of which is police brutality is also classified as political corruption.


title: Political corruption

text: Political corruption hurts democracy by going against the formal process. Corruption in elections and in legislature reduces responsibility and falsely represents the related creations of policies.


title: Political corruption

text: Economies having a high level of political corruption tend to not be as financially successful as one that has low level corruption. Political corruption not only threatens justice and ethical values. Recalls of loans by international banks, along with massive selling of emerging market stocks from international mutual funds, is associated with (and can actually cause) crises in economics and currency problems in certain countries. Examples of these problems are in Asia, Africa and Central America.


title: Planetary geology

text: Planetary geology (sometimes called astrogeology or exogeology) is a planetary science that focuses on the geology of any astronomical object like a planet, moon, asteroid, comet or meteorite. Planetary geologists study many topics. Some of these include the inner structure of the terrestrial planets, volcanism on planets, craters, fluvial and aeolian processes.


title: Classical Latin

text: Classical Latin is the form of Latin that was used by the ancient Romans in official Roman record-keeping, the Roman military, and Latin literature. Its use helped the Golden Age of Latin literature during the 1st century BC and the early 1st century AD.


title: Jerry Rice

text: Jerry Lee Rice (born October 13, 1962 in Starkville, Mississippi) is an American retired football player. He was a wide receiver in the NFL, and is widely considered the greatest to ever play this position. He is often thought of as one of the best players in the history of the game. Most of his success was with the San Francisco 49ers.


title: Classical Latin

text: Classical Latin is a dead language, as is Vulgar Latin, the common speech of citizens in the Roman Empire. Latin is no longer spoken as a first language, bit it is still spoken by church officials in the Vatican, where it is the official language.


title: Plug-in hybrid

text: A plug-in hybrid car is similar to a conventional hybrid vehicle—both use a gasoline engine as well as an electric motor. A plug-in hybrid differs primarily in that it can be plugged in to charge the batteries, while a conventional hybrid relies solely on energy generated from braking, coasting or from the gasoline engine.


title: Plug-in hybrid

text: However, a plug-in hybrid uses larger battery packs that can be recharged by connecting to common household electricity. Plug-in hybrids can be driven for long distances—from a few miles to as much as 40 miles—without using any gasoline. Plug-in hybrid cars are also known as plug-in hybrid electric vehicles or PHEVs. Plug-in hybrid cars that use a gas engine exclusively for recharging batteries—rather than directly powering the wheels—are also called Extended-Range Electric Vehicles or E-REVs.


title: Plug-in hybrid

text: Fueling a car with electricity is about 5 times cheaper than fueling it with gasoline. That is equivalent to buying gasoline at less than $1 per gallon. It also reduces greenhouse pollution and helps reduce crude oil imports. Also plug-in hybrids produced substantially lower greenhouse gas emissions than either conventional gasoline cars or unplugged hybrids. The reduction in emissions results from electric operation being much more efficient than gasoline operation.


title: Plug-in hybrid

text: Criticisms of the hybrid include the additional cost, weight, and size of a larger battery pack. But The extra weight of the batteries will be offset somewhat by the reduced weight of the gas engine.


title: Plug-in hybrid

text: It is obvious for most people that internal combustion engine cars cannot represent the future anymore because of the oil reserves that are estimated to be finished in forty or fifty years. Obviously, Plug-in vehicles cannot be considered a short term option because we lack the needed infrastructure and capable batteries for increasing the autonomy that is currently limited. The general opinion was that, at least for the next seven or eight years, Plug-ins are not going to become the standard in hybrid vehicles and that regular HEVs will have the biggest proportion on the market.


title: Sandy Cheeks

text: Sandy Cheeks is a fictional squirrel from "SpongeBob SquarePants." She is voiced by Carolyn Lawrence.


title: Metropolitan Police

text: The Metropolitan Police is the name of the police service for the Metropolitan police district of Greater London.


title: Sandy Cheeks

text: Sandy Cheeks originated from the state of Texas and landed at the city of Bikini Bottom. Since she is from land, she wears a suit outside her treedome that keeps her fully dry.


title: Metropolitan Police

text: It covers all of London boroughs, except the City of London. It is the largest of the 52 police forces in the United Kingdom. In 2009, it had about 30000 police officers, more than three times the size of the next largest force.


title: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy

text: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy is the fifth studio album by American rapper Kanye West. The album was released on November 22, 2010. The album peaked at #1 on the Canadian Albums Chart, US "Billboard" 200, US "Billboard" R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and US "Billboard" Rap Albums. Music critics gave it very good reviews. Pitchfork gave it ten out of ten. It won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album. In 2012 "Rolling Stone" magazine put the album at number 353 on its list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.


title: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy

text: The making of the album came after the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards. During Taylor Swift's speech for Best Female Video, West wikt:interrupted to say Beyoncé should have won the award. After the incident, West went to Hawaii to rest from stress. Most of the songs were created during this time.


title: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy

text: Four singles were released from the album. The first single "Power" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance.


title: Happy Meal

text: A Happy Meal is a meal made by McDonald's, and aimed at children. They come in a cardboard box, containing a main meal, usually a hamburger, cheeseburger, or McNuggets; french fries; a small drink; and a toy. Sometimes the toy ties in with a movie release.


title: RC4

text: In cryptography, RC4 (also known as ARC4 or ARCFOUR meaning Alleged RC4, see below) is one of the most common software stream ciphers. It is used in popular protocols like Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) (to protect Internet traffic) and WEP (to secure wireless networks).


title: RC4

text: RC4 is known for being simple and quick, but attacks are likely to happen when the start of the output keystream is not removed, or one keystream is used twice; some ways of using RC4 can turn into very insecure cryptosystems such as WEP.


title: RC4

text: RC4 was created by Ron Rivest of RSA Security in 1987. While its official name is "Rivest Cipher 4", the RC abbreviation is also known to stand for "Ron's Code" (see also RC2, RC5 and RC6).


title: RC4

text: RC4 was first created as a trade secret, but in September 1994 a description of it was posted to the Cypherpunks mailing list. It was soon posted on the sci.crypt newsgroup, and from there to many websites on the Internet. The code was confirmed to be genuine(not fake) as its output matched that of proprietary software using licensed RC4. Because the algorithm is known, it is no longer a trade secret. The name "RC4" is trademarked, however. RC4 is often referred to as "ARCFOUR" or "ARC4" (meaning Alleged RC4, because RSA has never officially released the algorithm), to avoid possible trademark problems. It has become part of some commonly used encryption protocols and standards, including WEP and WPA for wireless cards and TLS.


title: RC4

text: The two main reasons which helped its use over such a big range of applications are its speed and simplicity. Uses of RC4 in both software and hardware are extremely easy to develop.


title: RC4

text: The RC4 encryption algorithm is started with a different key length, usually between 40 and 256 bits, using the "key-scheduling" algorithm (KSA). Once this has been completed, the stream of encrypted bits is created using the "pseudo-random generation algorithm" (PRGA).


title: RC4

text: RC4 fails the standards set by cryptographers for a secure cipher in many ways, and is not recommended for use in new applications as there are a lot of methods of attacking RC4. Dropping the first kilobyte of data from the keystream can improve the security somewhat.


title: RC4

text: Where a cryptosystem is marked with "(optionally)", RC4 is one of several ciphers the system can be set to use.


title: Luis Carlos Galán

text: Luis Carlos Galán Sarmiento (29 September 1943 – 18 August 1989) was a Colombian liberal politician and journalist. He was born in Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia. Galán ran for the Presidency of Colombia two times. Galan ran under the Liberal party in 1989 and sought the nomination for the 1990 presidential election.


title: Luis Carlos Galán

text: Galán, a critic of cartels and Pablo Escobar, was shot to death by hitmen hired by the drug cartels during a campaign rally in the town of Soacha, Cundinamarca on 18 August 1989 at the age of 45.


title: Belle Starr

text: Myra Maybelle Shirley Reed Starr (February 5, 1848 – February 3, 1889, known as Belle Starr) was an American outlaw. She knew Jesse James, the Younger brothers, and other criminals and outlaws. She was convicted of stealing horses in 1883. She was sent to prison. In 1889, she was ambushed in Oklahoma. She died of shotgun wounds. No one knows who killed her.


title: Thai basil

text: Thai basil, or Asian basil is a type of sweet basil. It is found in Southeast Asia. Thai basil has small, narrow leaves and purple stems. The flower is a mauve (pink-purple) color. One cultivar commonly grown in the United States is 'Queen of Siam'.


title: Belle Starr

text: Belle Starr was born as Myra Maybelle Shirley on her father's farm near Carthage, Missouri. Her family called her May. Her father was John Shirley. Her mother was Eliza Pennington. .


title: Thai basil

text: Thai basil is an important ingredient in the very popular Taiwanese dish, "sanbeiji" (three cup chicken). Used as a condiment, a plate of raw Thai basil leaves is often served with "phở" (Vietnamese-style noodle soup) so each customer can season it to taste with the anise-flavored leaves.


title: Belle Starr

text: In the 1860s, Starr's father sold the farm. He moved his family to Carthage. There he bought an inn and livery stable on the town square. May Shirley received a classical education. She also learned to play the piano. She graduated from Missouri's Carthage Female Academy.


title: Belle Starr

text: The Union army attacked Carthage in 1864. The Shirleys moved to Scyene, Texas. Legend says that the Shirleys knew a number of Missouri-born criminals, including Jesse James and the Youngers. Starr knew the Younger brothers and the James boys because she had grown up with them in Missouri. People thought that Starr's brother Bud was in favor of the Confederate States of America. He was killed in 1864 by Union troops.


title: Belle Starr

text: Starr married Jim Reed in 1866. In 1868, their first child was born. Starr was good at using guns. She used to ride sidesaddle to her criminal activities wearing a black velvet riding habit and a feathered hat. She carried two pistols. Cartridge belts were strapped across her hips. Jim Reed started committing crimes. He was wanted for murder in Arkansas. The family moved to California. Starr gave birth to their second child, James Edwin (Eddie), in 1871.


title: Belle Starr

text: Jim Reed returned to Texas. He was involved with several criminal gangs. He tried farming. He became restless. He was friendly with the Starr clan. This clan was a Cherokee Indian family. They were well known for whiskey, cattle, and horse thievery in the Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). Jim also was involved with his wife's old friends, the James and Younger gangs.


title: Belle Starr

text: In April 1874, an arrest warrant was issued for Starr. People said she was involved in a stagecoach robbery. The robbery had been done by her husband and others. There was no proof she was involved in this robbery. Reed was killed in August of that year in Paris, Texas. He had settled there with his family.


title: Belle Starr

text: Starr may have been briefly married to Charles Younger in 1878. There is no proof that they were married. In 1880, she married a Cherokee man named Sam Starr. She settled with him in the Indian Territory. There, she learned ways to help the cattle thieves, horse thieves and other criminals. She also hid them from the law. Starr's illegal activities made money. She used this money to free other outlaws from jail.


title: Belle Starr

text: In 1883, Starr and Sam were charged with horse theft. They were tried in Fort Smith, Arkansas. She was found guilty. She spent nine months at the Detroit House of Corrections in Detroit, Michigan.


title: Belle Starr

text: In 1886, she was again charged with theft. This time she was not convicted. On December 17, Sam Starr was involved in a gunfight with Officer Frank West. Both men were killed. After this, Starr stopped being an outlaw.


title: Belle Starr

text: During the last years of her life, Starr had relationships with several men. These men had colorful names like Jack Spaniard, Jim French, and Blue Duck. She married a relative of Sam Starr named Jim July Starr. He was about 15 years younger than Starr.


title: Belle Starr

text: On February 3, 1889, Starr was killed in Oklahoma. She was ambushed. She died from shotgun wounds to her back, neck, shoulder, and face. Legend says she was shot with her own double barrel shotgun.


title: Belle Starr

text: There were no witnesses. No one was ever convicted of the murder. Some say the murderer was one of her sharecroppers. He was afraid she was going to turn him in to the police. He was an escaped murderer from Florida. He was tried for Starr's murder. He was found not guilty. The murder of Belle Starr remains unsolved.


title: Belle Starr

text: Starr's story interested publisher Richard K. Fox. Her story was printed in dime novels and the "National Police Gazette". Fox made her name famous with his novel, "Bella Starr, the Bandit Queen, or the Female Jesse James". This book was published in 1889. This novel is sometimes cited as a historical reference. It was the first of many popular stories that used her name.


title: Bond albedo

text: The Bond albedo is the fraction of power in the total electromagnetic radiation hitting an astronomical body which is scattered back out into space. It considers all wavelengths at all phase angles. It is necessary for estimating how much energy a planet or other body absorbs.


title: Raja Dahir

text: Raja Dahir ( b. 679, d. 712) was a Sindhi Hindu ruler. He was the last Sindi Hindu in Sindh and parts of Punjab in what is Pakistan today. In the early part of the Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent, Muhammad bin Qasim al-Thaqafi took control of Dahir's kingdom for the Umayyad Caliphate.


title: Mass noun

text: In linguistics, a mass noun is a common noun that refers to an amount, not an item or unit. Common mass nouns are "water, chocolate, meat, time," and "space." Mass nouns are always singular and uncountable. The set of uncountable nouns and mass nouns is not identical. There are uncountable nouns, such as "scissors" which refer to an item, are plural, and are not mass nouns.


title: Mass noun

text: In some languages like English, mass nouns have different grammar than countable nouns. Their requirements for determiners, for example differ. Other languages, such as Japanese, do not treat mass nouns in any special way.


title: Martynas Andriukaitis

text: Martynas Andriukaitis (28 March 1981 – 4 September 2014) was a Lithuanian basketball player. In 2001, he became champion of both Lithuania and Latvia and vice-champion of North European Basketball League (NELB). He played professionally between 2001 and 2013 as a power forward. He played in Lithuania, Latvia, Georgia, Ukraine, Hungary and France.


title: James Sisnett

text: James Emmanuel "Doc" Sisnett (22 February 1900 – 23 May 2013) was a Barbadian farmer and supercentenarian. Sisnett was at the time of his death the oldest Barbadian person ever as well as the oldest male British subject ever at the time of his death, surpassing Englishman Henry Allingham.


title: Martynas Andriukaitis

text: On 4 September 2014, Andriukaitis shot his wife before he shot himself in a suicide attempt at their home in Riga. Their 14-year-old son saw what happened and called the police and paramedics. Andriukaitis died later that day in hospital, aged 33.


title: James Sisnett

text: Sisnett was born on 22 February 1900 in Saint George parish, Barbados (at that time British West Indies). His siblings lived up to be 98, 99, and 100. In 1923, Sisnett married Anita Dowling, having 5 children until Anita's death in 1937. Sisnett later married Josephine Evelyn in 1942, with whom he had 6 children, and 9 of his 11 children were living at the time of his death. He worked as a farmer until age 100 in 2000 when he retired. Due to poor eyesight, in 2006 aged 106, Sisnett had an operation to remove his cataracts. Sisnett died at age 113 years, 90 days from natural causes in his home in Christ Church, Barbados on 23 May 2013 while sleeping.


title: James Sisnett

text: At the time of his death, Sisnett was the oldest living man in North America since Walter Breuning's death on 14 April 2011 and, since Japaneseman Tanekichi Onishi, died on 11 September 2011, the world's second oldest living man behind Japaneseman Jiroemon Kimura. Sisnett and Kimura were the last living men born in the 19th century.


title: Therapeutic abortion

text: Terapeutic abortion is a kind of abortion which is carried out because of medical necessity. In some cases, the pregnancy or childbirth is a medical risk to the health of the mother. In other cases, the unborn child would have grave birth defects. Therapeutic abortion is legal in most contries, even if other forms of avortion are illegal. Some countries also have a rule, that abortion is legal for the first part of the pregnancy and illegal afterwards. Even in these cases, therapeutic abortion is often legal.


title: Francis Cooke

text: Francis Cooke (ca. 1583 - April 7, 1663) was a passenger on the "Mayflower". He was a signer of the Mayflower Compact and was an important member of Plymouth Colony.


title: Orville Redenbacher

text: Orville Clarence Redenbacher (July 16, 1907 – September 19, 1995) was an American businessman. He was most often associated with the brand of popcorn called Orville Redenbacher's.


title: Francis Cooke

text: Cooke married Hester Mahieu at the French Walloon Church in Leiden. In August 1606 Francis Cooke and his wife moved to Norwich in county Norfolk in England. They did not live there long and returned to Netherlands. Their son John was baptized at the Walloon Church in Leiden in 1607.


title: Orville Redenbacher

text: Redenbacher was married to Corinne Strate from 1928 until her death in 1971. He was married to Nina Redenbacher from 1971 until her death in 1991.


title: Francis Cooke

text: When the English Separatist Church members in Leiden decided to go to America in 1620, Cooke decided he would go with them. He brought his thirteen year–old son, John, with him. Cooke's wife and the younger children stayed in Leiden and came to Plymouth Colony on the ship "Anne" in July 1623.


title: Orville Redenbacher

text: Redenbacher died on September 19, 1995. He drowned after having a heart attack in the Jacuzzi in his Coronado, California home, aged 88.


title: Francis Cooke

text: The Mayflower left Plymouth, England on 6 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the "Mayflower" reached land at Cape Cod hook. They landed on November 21. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other. Cooke was one of the signers. The "Mayflower" was supposed to land in Virginia Colony, but the ship was too damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor.


title: Francis Cooke

text: In Plymouth Colony, the settlers were given land. In that Division of Land in 1623, Cooke received two acres, one for himself and one acre for his son John. He also received 4 acres for his wife and children who came over on the ship called "Anne" in 1623.


title: Francis Cooke

text: Cooke seemed to have been trusted and liked by the other colonist because in early 1633, Cooke was assigned by the court to help resolve a dispute of a financial nature between Peter Browne and Dr. Samuel Fuller.


title: Francis Cooke

text: In 1640/41 Cooke was one of twelve men tasked by the court to make official travel routes, and make a formal survey and mark the boundaries of plots of land and for the Jones River. In 1645 he was again road surveyor for Plymouth. In June 1650, when he was almost seventy, he was still doing survey work. In August 1659, in his late 70s, he was again called upon by the Plymouth Court to help to decide a land boundary dispute between Thomas Pope and William Shurtliff.


title: Francis Cooke

text: Cooke also did other public service work, being on several petty and grand juries. He also served on civil case juries up to March 1643. Most of the civil case involved debts or slander. He was also on grand juries in 1638, 1640, 1642 and 1643 which involved more serious crimes.


title: Francis Cooke

text: In the 1643 Able to Bear Arms List, Francis Cooke and his sons Jacob and John Jr., are listed with those from Plymouth.


title: Francis Cooke

text: On December 7, 1659 Francis Cooke made out his will, saying he was weak in body. The will was very simple and he gave everything to Hester, his loving wife. 1609.


title: Francis Cooke

text: Francis Cooke died in Plymouth on April 7, 1663 and was buried on Burial Hill in Plymouth, Massachusetts.


title: Alicia Lemke

text: Lemke was born in Madison, Wisconsin. Her mother was Gale Lemke. She went to Shorewood Hills Elementary School, Blessed Sacramant School, and West High School.


title: Alicia Lemke

text: In 2013, she opened for Fleetwood Mac. In 2013, she had also played at the Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival in Tennessee. In December 2013, she was diagnosed with a rare form of leukemia while she was on vacation in France.


title: Alicia Lemke

text: She appeared in Eminem's 2017 album, "Revival" in the song, "Revival (Interlude)". The vocals were taken from an unreleased song sent to Eminem in 2012.


title: George Akerlof

text: George Arthur Akerlof (born June 17, 1940) is an American economist of Jewish descent. He is a university professor at the McCourt School of Public Policy at Georgetown University and Koshland Professor of Economics Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley.


title: George Akerlof

text: He won the 2001 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with Michael Spence and Joseph E. Stiglitz). He won the Nobel Prize for studying what happens when sellers of something know more than the buyers. He showed that when many bad products are sold without the buyers knowing, selling good products will be difficult.


title: John Efford

text: Ruben John Efford, (January 6, 1944 – January 2, 2022) was a Canadian Liberal politician and lawyer. He was born in Port de Grave, Newfoundland. He was a member of the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly between 1985 until 2001. Efford was a member of the House of Commons between 2002 until 2006.


title: William Jennings Bryan

text: William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860-July 26, 1925) was an American politician in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He was from the Midwest. He is known for supporting causes that were not very popular or were old-fashioned, such as the silver standard or creationism. In the 1890s, he was a Congressman from Nebraska. He gained fame in 1896 for the "Cross of Gold Speech", a speech about the American economy he gave to the Populist Party. He ran for President as a Democrat three times, in 1896, 1900, and 1908, but lost each time. During this time, he was the main leader of the Democratic Party. He was one of the first people who gave lots of speeches around the country while running for President, and continued to give speeches even when not running on what was called the "Chatauqua Circuit". He was United States Secretary of State from 1913 to 1915. In his last years, he was one of the lawyers in the Scopes Monkey Trial. He is portrayed in the movie "Inherit the Wind" by the character Matthew Harrison Brady.


title: Bahraini people

text: The Baharna (singular Bahrani) are the people of the archipelago of Bahrain and the oasis of Qatif on the Persian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia. The term is sometimes also given to the Shi'a people of the al-Hasa oasis. They are all Arabic speaking. They claim descent from Arab tribes. Their dialect of Arabic is known as "Bahrani" or "Bahrani Arabic". Almost all follow Shia Islam.


title: Frank Rost

text: Frank Rost (born 30 June 1973) is a retired German football player. His last club was the American soccer club New York Red Bulls, where he has signed in 2011. His former clubs were Werder Bremen, Schalke 04 and Hamburger SV.


title: Friedrich Ebert

text: Friedrich Ebert (4 February 1871 in Heidelberg – 28 February 1925 in Berlin) was a German politician. He was apart of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He was Chancellor of Germany and its first president during the Weimar period.


title: Friedrich Ebert

text: Ebert was a social democrat. He became leader of the SPD in 1913, when the last leader August Bebel died. He was an important part of the German Revolution of 1918–19, and when Germany became a republic he became the first Chancellor. His goal was to make Germany more peaceful. He did this by putting down the Left-wing and Right-wing revolutions, working with the right-wing Freikorps and the left-wing Trade unionss.


title: Friedrich Ebert

text: He was Chancellor until he died on 28 February 1925 from Septic Shock. He is praised for helping the Weimar Republic when it had only just been made, but people also say he was wrong for working with the right-wing, and that it helped Adolf Hitler come to power.


title: Plant hormone

text: Plant hormones (or Phytohormones) are chemicals that regulate plant growth. In the UK they are called 'plant growth substances'. The best known plant hormone is auxin.


title: Plant hormone

text: Plant hormones are signal molecules produced within the plant. They occur in extremely low concentrations. Hormones regulate cellular processes in targeted cells. Hormones also govern the formation of flowers, stems, leaves, the shedding of leaves, and the development and ripening of fruit.


title: Plant hormone

text: Plants, unlike animals, lack glands that produce and secrete hormones. Individual cells can produce hormones. They affect which tissues grow upward and which grow downward, leaf formation and stem growth, fruit development and ripening, plant longevity, and even plant death. Hormones are vital to plant growth, and, lacking them, plants would be mostly a mass of undifferentiated cells. So they are also known as growth factors or growth hormones.


title: Plant hormone

text: Phytohormones are found not only in higher plants, but in algae too, with similar functions. They also occur in fungi and bacteria, where they may be used to induce beneficial reactions in host plants.


title: Kingsley Amis

text: Sir Kingsley William Amis (16 April 1922 – 22 October 1995) was an English novelist, poet, critic, and teacher. He wrote more than twenty novels, three collections of poetry, short stories, radio and television scripts, and books of social and literary criticism. He was the father of the British novelist Martin Amis.


title: Kingsley Amis

text: Kingsley Amis was born in Clapham, South London, England. He went to school at the City of London School and St. John's College, Oxford. At Oxford, he met Philip Larkin and became friends. Amis served in the Royal Corps of Signals in the Second World War.


title: Kingsley Amis

text: Amis was a fan of jazz music. He liked the American musicians Sidney Bechet, Henry "Red" Allen and Pee Wee Russell.


title: Kingsley Amis

text: His first novel "Lucky Jim" was very successfull. The novel won the Somerset Maugham Award for fiction. "Lucky Jim" was the first English novel that focused on an ordinary man as anti-hero. As a poet, Amis was a part of The Movement (anti-romantic poetry).


title: Kingsley Amis

text: As a young man, Kingsley Amis was a member of the Communist Party. He left them when the Soviet Union invaded Hungary in 1956. After that, Amis became anti-communist, and conservative. He talks about his political change in the essay "Why Lucky Jim Turned Right" (1967).


title: Kingsley Amis

text: Amis was an atheist. Novels such as "The Green Man" and "The Anti-Death League" were about the personality of a divine being. They were also about its relationship to death and dying.


title: Kingsley Amis

text: Amis was married. The first time in 1948 to Hilary Bardwell and then to novelist Elizabeth Jane Howard in 1965. He divorced Howard in 1983. Amis spent his last years living with his first wife and her third husband. He had two sons and a daughter. His younger son was novelist Martin Amis. Martin wrote about his father's life and decline in his memoir "Experience".


title: Kingsley Amis

text: Amis' interest in science fiction led to "New Maps of Hell" (1960). It was about how he felt about science fiction in literature. He liked the stories of Frederik Pohl and C.M. Kornbluth. With the Sovietologist Robert Conquest, Amis produced the science fiction series "Spectrum" I–IV. This series got a lot of its ideas from the 1950s magazine "Astounding Science Fiction". He wrote three science fiction novels. "The Alteration" was an alternate history novel set in a twentieth-century Britain. "Russian Hide-and-Seek" was an alternate history where Russia had conquered Britain after the Second World War. He also wrote the supernatural-horror novel "The Green Man" which the BBC adapted for television.


title: Kingsley Amis

text: Amis wrote books about Ian Fleming's James Bond. He wrote the popular "James Bond Dossier". Later, he wrote, "The Book of Bond, or, Every Man His Own 007". It was a tongue-in-cheek how-to manual about being a spy like Bond. He wrote it under the name "Lt Col. William 'Bill' Tanner". Tanner was M's Chief of Staff in many of the Bond novels.


title: Third Servile War

text: The Third Servile War, also called the Gladiator War and The War of Spartacus by Plutarch, was the last of several slave rebellions against the Roman Republic.


title: Third Servile War

text: These are called the Servile Wars. The Third Servile War was the only which was dangerous for Italia itself and was doubly alarming to the Roman people because the slaves won several battles against the Roman army between 73 and 71 BC. The rebellion was defeated at last in 71 BC by Marcus Licinius Crassus. The rebellion had indirect effects on Roman politics for many years.


title: Third Servile War

text: In 71 BC, a band of slaves escaped. At first a small group of about 78 gladiators escaped. The band grew to over 120,000. Men, women and children wandered throughout Italy, and raided with relative impunity. Their leaders included the famous gladiator-general Spartacus.


title: Third Servile War

text: The able-bodied adults of this band were a surprisingly effective armed force. They showed they could withstand the Roman military, from the local Campanian patrols, to the Roman militia, and to trained Roman legions under consular command. Plutarch described the actions of the slaves as an attempt by Roman slaves to escape their masters and flee through Cisalpine Gaul, while Appian and Florus depicted the revolt as a civil war in which the slaves waged a campaign to capture the city of Rome itself.


title: Third Servile War

text: The Roman Senate's grew alarmed about the military successes of this band, and their damage to Roman towns and the countryside. Eventually, after several defeats, the Senate put an army of eight legions under the harsh but effective leadership of Marcus Licinius Crassus. The war ended in 71 BC when the armies of Spartacus, after long and bitter fighting, retreated before the legions of Crassus. Realizing that the legions of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus and Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus were moving in to trap them, they launched their full strength against Crassus' legions and were utterly destroyed.


title: Third Servile War

text: The Third Servile War was significant to the broader history of ancient Rome mostly in its effect on the careers of Pompey and Crassus. The two generals used their success in putting down the rebellion to further their political careers, using their public acclaim and the implied threat of their legions to sway the consular elections of 70 BC in their favor. Their actions as Consuls damaged Roman political institutions and led, after Caesar's death, to events which turned the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.


title: Brainstorming

text: To brainstorm is to think about and try to come up with ideas or solutions to a problem, either on your own or in a group.


title: Bourbon whiskey

text: Bourbon is a whiskey that is distilled from grain mash containing at least 51% corn and aged a minimum of two years. It gets its name from Bourbon, Kentucky where most bourbon is produced. Many bourbons are made using a method called "sour mash" where fermentation of each new batch contains a little of the batch before to achieve a consistent quality.


title: Ornithomimus

text: "Ornithomimus" had three toes on each foot, long arms and neck, but a small head. It also had claws on each hand and foot. It had no teeth and weak jaws, which might mean it was omnivorous.


title: Ornithomimus

text: "Ornithomimus edmonticus" was the largest species, 12 ft (3.5 meters) long, 7 feet (2.10 meters) high and weighed about 100-150 kg. It walked on two legs and looked slightly like an ostrich, except for its long tail.


title: Ornithomimus

text: There has been trouble with naming. Some speciments are put in other genera, like Dromiceiomimus and "Struthiomimus".


title: Ornithomimus

text: In 1995, 2008 and 2009, three "O. edmontonicus" specimens with evidence of feathers were found. Two adults had quill knobs on the lower arm, indicating the former presence of bird-like feather shafts. A juvenile had impressions of long fluffy feathers in the form of hair-like filaments covering the rump, legs and neck.


title: Ornithomimus

text: The feather imprints were found in sandstone, previously thought to not be able to support such impressions.


title: Barnyard (movie)

text: Barnyard is an animated movie which first shown in theaters on August 4, 2006. It was directed by Sam Fell<br>Steve Oedekerk. The music was arranged and conducted by Alastair King.


title: Giric

text: Giric was king of the Picts from 878-889. He died around c. 890, showing he may of been deposed or personally abdicated. He ruled with Eochaid, a disputed king of the Picts who claimed the throne during the whole of Giric's reign. He succeeded Donald Áed, after murdering him in 878.


title: Battle of Kherson

text: The Battle of Kherson was a military engagement between Russian and Ukrainian forces which began on 24 February 2022, as part of the Kherson offensive during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.


title: Barnyard (movie)

text: Otis is a cow who likes to play. His father Ben is the leader of the barnyard when the farmer is away. Otis interrupts a barnyard meeting with his wild behavior, His father tells Otis he will never be happy if he just goofs off, and that he should grow up. Otis ignores his advice and leaves to have fun with his friends: Pip the mouse, Pig the pig, Freddy the ferret, and Peck the chicken. That same day, Otis meets a new cow, Daisy, who is pregnant. She is with Bessy, another female cow.


title: Giric

text: Giric may have been born in c. 832 but this is widely considered theory and not taken as fact, the exact date of Giric is unknown but was definitely after 812.


title: Battle of Kherson

text: On 2 March 2022, Ukrainian forces left Kherson during the battle and Russia took control of the city.


title: Barnyard (movie)

text: That night the animals have a party in the barn. All the animals are there except Ben, who is guarding the animals. Otis is supposed to be working with him, but he wants to be at the party. Ben talks with Otis and says the day he found him alone in the meadow, the stars danced. Otis is given permission to go to the party and he runs to the barn.


title: Giric

text: In 878 Giric murdered king Áed, making him the king of the Picts/Scots. He was the 2nd last king of the Picts/Scots along with Eochaid who ruled with him during his entire reign, he claimed the throne after Áed's death as he was king of Strathclyde and may have been named successor by Áed during 877-878.


title: Battle of Kherson

text: Ukraine took again control of the city of Kherson, on 11 November 2022. (Regarding other parts of Kherson Oblast: as of December, Russia was still in control of large parts of Kherson oblast - East of the Dniepr river.)


title: Barnyard (movie)

text: Later on, Ben has to fight a pack of coyotes led by Dag. They are raiding the chicken coop. Ben is bitten in the leg by a coyote, and he falls down. The coyotes pile on Ben, but he manages to grab Dag and escapes the pile. The hens cheer, but Ben falls on the ground, tired. Etta, a hen, runs into the barn and tells Otis, who runs outside to his father. Ben opens his mouth as if to say something, but dies.


title: Giric

text: Eochaid was a claimant and had a disputed reign, he was born around c. 860, making him nearly 30 years younger than Giric, since Giric was born in c. 832 (according to sources), Eochaid may have murded Giric to try and take the throne himself.


title: Barnyard (movie)

text: After Ben's death, all the animals elect Otis as the new leader of the Barnyard. He gets out of his duties by leaving Freddy and Peck in charge of the coop. Later, Otis is sitting with Daisy and he overhears the coyotes chasing a hare. Otis tries to attack Dag but is outsmarted. Since Otis is weaker, Dag makes a deal that he and his pack will take some of the animals, but if he tries to stand up for all of them, they will kill everyone. Otis decides to leave the barnyard because he has no chance against the coyotes.


title: Giric

text: Giric may of abdicated in 889 or have been deposed. It is known that when Giric stopped ruling that Eochaid may of also stopped ruling as records show him dying after 889 and Eochaid's rule also ended in 889.


title: Barnyard (movie)

text: The next morning, before leaving, Otis finds out that the coyotes have taken some hens and a chick. Otis knows that he has been tricked by Dag, as he was not expecting them until tonight. He goes to rescue the poultry. Otis confronts the pack but is easily defeated. Pip, Pig, Freddy, Peck and Miles the Mule arrive to help them, along with the gophers and Jersey Cows. Dag tries to sneak attack Otis from behind, but Otis is alerted when Peck successfully yells a warning. Otis catches Dag and tells the coyote to never return. Dag is swung out of the junkyard by Otis's golf skills.


title: Giric

text: In 890 Giric died in Scotland. Not much is known about his death as he did not rule at the time and Donald II took the throne after his abdication or deposition.


title: Barnyard (movie)

text: Otis and the rest make it back to the barnyard. Daisy gives birth to a calf whom she names Ben. Duke, the farmer's sheepdog, asks Otis if he wants to stay and be their leader. Otis agrees, and everyone cheers as he walks outside. Once again, he sees the stars dancing.


title: Horace Mann

text: Horace Mann (1796-1859) was an educator and politician who helped set up the first public schools in the United States. He did this in the state of Massachusetts. Mann personally visited every school in the state to inspect it. He later became the first president of Antioch College in Ohio. “Our means of education,” he stated, “are the grand machinery by which the ‘raw material’ of human nature can be worked up into inventors and discoverers, into skilled artisans and scientific farmers.”


title: Yara Shahidi

text: She is known for her starring role as the oldest daughter Zoey Johnson on the sitcom "Black-ish" (2014–present) and its spin-off series "Grown-ish" (2018–present).


title: Yara Shahidi

text: Yara Sayeh Shahidi was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Keri Salter and Afshin Shahidi. Her mother, Keri Salter, is of mixed African American and Native Choctaw heritage, and her father, Afshin, is Iranian. The family moved to California for her father Afshin's work when Yara was 4 years old. She is the older sister of child actor and model Sayeed Shahidi and they have a younger brother, Ehsan. Rapper Nas is their cousin. Keri Shahidi states the name "Yara" means in Persian "Someone who is close to your heart", the name "Sayeed" means "Blessing", and "Ehsan" means "To act as though God is watching".


title: Yara Shahidi

text: Shahidi graduated in 2017 from Dwight Global Online School. Starting in 2018, Shahidi began college at Harvard University with a plan to major in Interdisciplinary Sociology and African American Studies.


title: Viki Gabor

text: Wiktoria "Viki" Gabor (born 10 July 2007) is a Polish singer. She started her career in 2019, as a finalist on the second season of "The Voice Kids Poland", and then later won the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2019 with the song "Superhero". She is the second Polish person to win the contest. Her win marked the first time a country had won the contest twice in a row.


title: Reichsbürger movement

text: There are several groups of people who think that the modern German state is not legitimate. These movements are generally known as the Reichsbürger (English: "Reich" citizen) movement. A single person with such views is called a Reichsbürger. They argue that the the modern German state is not legitimate and its laws do not apply to them. Very often, these groups are very small. They often have several properties of a religious cult or sect. The ideas these groups propagate are often against democracy, and instead want a monarchy or another state with a strong leader. Very often, they also think that the history they were taught in school did not happen that way. From their ideas, these groups are usually far-right on the political spectrum. Some are Holocaust deniers. Their views are often anti-semitic (anti-Jewish).


title: Reichsbürger movement

text: "Reichsbürger" say that the German Reich still exists in some form (in reality, it ceased to exist with the end of World War I or World War II at the latest). According to these groups, there is some secret government which holds most of the powers. The respective group is usually part of that government. These movements first arose in the 1980s. Since about 2013, they are more active. They usually have some militant groups that do not fear to use violence. In 2020, there were over 19,000 people with sympathies for these movements. At least 950 people are militant right-wing activists. There are estimates from 2018, that between 2015 and mid-2017, at least 10,500 crimes were committed by people who identify as "Reichsbürger".


title: Sonni Ali

text: Sonni Ali (also known as Sunni Ali Ber or Sunni Ali) was the first king of the Songhai Empire in western Africa. He ruled from about 1464 to 1492. He was the 15th ruler of the Sonni dynasty. During Sonni's reign, Songhai surpassed the Mali Empire in power. His armies captured several important cities, such as Timbuktu (in 1468) and Djenné (captured in 1475). His battle strategies greatly expanded the empire's territory.


title: Sonni Ali

text: Before Sonni took Timbuktu in 1468, the city was controlled by Tuareg raiders. He then conquered the Tuareg and took them under his rule, which brought the great Saharan trade routes to his kingdom. After conquering Timbuktu, he and his army went south to conquer the port of Djenné, on the Niger River. The city surrendered after a long-fought siege.


title: Sonni Ali

text: Sonni defined himself as Muslim, but was careful to not separate himself from the traditional animist beliefs. He executed many of the clerics from Timbuktu. He ran a very organized and powerful military. His army included both soldiers on horseback, as well as soldiers who fought on foot. He also built a fleet of ships to control the ports along the Niger River.


title: Sonni Ali

text: In 1480, Sunni Ali attacked the Mossi Kingdoms south of the Niger River. Unfortunately, he did not conquer the Mossi, but he was able to stop the spread of their empire. He also fought a successful war against several of the Fulani states. On his return home from this war, Sonni drowned in a river, in 1493


title: Phil Harris

text: Wonga Philip Harris (June 24, 1904 – August 11, 1995) was an American actor and comedian. As a voice actor he voiced: Baloo in "The Jungle Book", Thomas O'Malley the Alley Cat in "The Aristocats", Little John in "Robin Hood" and Patou in "Rock-a-Doodle". In 1995, he had a heart attack and later died in Rancho Mirage, California at age 91.


title: Nasal congestion

text: Nasal congestion or stuffy nose is when mucus or other fluid blocks the nose so that the person cannot breathe well. This is usually because the membranes inside the nose have become larger because of inflammation in the blood vessels.


title: Dards

text: The Dards are a group of un-mixed Indo-Aryan people living in Northern Pakistan, Western Jammu & Kashmir, and Eastern Afghanistan who speak the Dardic languages. A very small minority also live in Xinjiang, China and Tajikistan.


title: Dards

text: Dardic is a geographical phrase, not a ethnic or linguistic one. It is not used by any of its speakers. Dardic languages are mostly Indic, but have a huge amount Iranian loanwords from Pashto, Yidgha, or Ormuri.


title: Yonge Street

text: Yonge Street (pronounced "young") is a main street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and its northern suburbs. It was once listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the longest street in the world and is listed as a national historic site. It was the site of Canada's first subway line.


title: Sam Hui

text: Samuel Hui Koon-kit (born 6 September 1948), usually known as Sam Hui, is a Hong Kong Cantopop musician, singer, songwriter, and actor. He is credited with popularizing Cantopop. His music includes Western-style music and popular, street Cantonese jargon in his lyrics writing.


title: Sayyida al-Hurra

text: Sayyida al-Hurra (Arabic: السيدة الحرة), real name Lalla Aicha bint Ali ibn Rashid al-Alami, Hakimat Titwan (Arabic: عائشة بنت علي بن رشيد العلمي) (1485 – 14 July 1561) was a pirate queen.


title: Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa

text: The Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa is the record of astronomical observations of Venus. It is preserved in many cuneiform tablets from the first millennium BC.


title: Yonge Street

text: Yonge Street is the home of or close to many places of interest in Toronto, including street and theatre acts, the Eaton Centre, the Hockey Hall of Fame and–at the very start of the road–'One Yonge Street', the offices of the "Toronto Star" newspaper. The Yonge Line of the Toronto subway under or along it from south of King Street to Finch Avenue. The Viva Blue BRT line goes along Yonge from Finch to Newmarket Bus Terminal.


title: Sayyida al-Hurra

text: Al-Hurra lived in the early 1500’s. She managed to control the Western half of the Mediterranean for well over 30 years. She was born into a wealthy Muslim family. Her birth name was believed to be Aicha. Her family was chased out of Granada to Morocco during the Spanish Reconquista. She and her family then settled in Tetouán. Her first husband was the Sultan Al-Mandri. She had herself immediately named governer of Tetouán, after he died. She was bestowed the title Al-Hurra. This was a symbol of respect and power. She then married the King of Morocco. This was the only time in Islamic history a king traveled outside his country for his wedding. Spain and Portugal were worried about this. It seemed like a threat, as this alliance would be extremely strong. Iberians attacked Al-Hurra’s land. She became a pirate to defend her country and stop them. She made an alliance with the dreaded pirate Barabarossa, or Red Beard. He used his fleet to ferry refugees away from the fighting. Al-Hurra terrorized Spanish and Portuguese ships. She became known and feared across the Mediterranean. She was known for taking hostages and being extremely merciless. The Spanish feared her and prayed for a miracle. The Portuguese “prayed for God to allow them to see her hanged from a ship’s mast”. She was categorized as aggressive and bad-tempered. Al-Hurra became one of the richer pirates of her time. She still managed to maintain a consistent alliance with Red Beard. Her demise came after over 30 years of sailing. Her son-in-law usurped her power and throne. He also stole her wealth. She lived in her childhood home in Morocco until her death. She died at age 75. Sayyida Al-Hurra’s legacy lives on today. In European writing she is known as the fearsome Pirate Queen of the Mediterranean.


title: Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa

text: This astronomical record was probably first done during the reign of King Ammisaduqa (or Ammizaduga). He was the fourth ruler after Hammurabi. So, the origins of this text should be dated to around the mid-seventeenth century BC.


title: Yonge Street

text: Yonge Street is thought to be Toronto's main street, because of it splits the city into east and west, and the has the Yonge subway line running under it. It is also the main place people come to celebrate events.


title: Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa

text: The tablet recorded the rise times of Venus and its first and last visibility on the horizon before or after sunrise and sunset. It records these as lunar dates. These observations are recorded for 21 years.


title: Yonge Street

text: Parts of the street are often closed for events, such as an yearly street party. Toronto's annual Gay Pride, Orange Order, and Santa Claus parades also use Yonge Street for a large part of their routes. Canadian singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot has a song about Yonge Street, titled "On Yonge Street", on his album "A Painter Passing Through".


title: Yonge Street

text: On April 23, 2018 a white van collided with numerous pedestrians killing nine and injuring sixteen others at Yonge Street.


title: Touch rugby

text: Touch rugby, also named Touch or Touch Football, is a sport which is derived from rugby league. It minimizes body contact so that rugby players practice over the preseason and improve their handling skills without any risk of injuries. It also eliminates body contact to allow inclusion of both genders and people from all ages.


title: Ebenezer Scrooge

text: Ebenezer Scrooge () is the main fictional character of Charles Dickens' 1843 novel, "A Christmas Carol".


title: Touch rugby

text: Touch rugby was started in South Sydney in the late 1960s, pursued as a non-contact off season sport and as a fitness program for Rugby League players. The game was introduced in Europe in the 1980s and the first Touch league began in Ireland in 2005.


title: Ebenezer Scrooge

text: At the beginning of the novel, Scrooge is a cold-hearted mean businessman who hates Christmas. He is soon visited by three spirits (the Ghost of Christmas Past, the Ghost of Christmas Present, and the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come) in hopes to save him from going to hell.


title: Touch rugby

text: It is played on fields or pitches of 70 meters long by 50 meters, wide with sidelines, a half-way line and In goal areas.


title: Ebenezer Scrooge

text: Scrooge's last name has become byword for selfish or not being generous, while his catchphrase, "Bah! Humbug!" is often used to show hatred towards Christmas traditions.


title: Touch rugby

text: According to official rules, each team can have up to 14 players, with 6 players per team in the field at one time. Therefore, total 12 players get to play on a field. It is possible to interchange players as many as they want.


title: Touch rugby

text: By tossing a coin, starting team is decided and an attacking team gets to have six chances to make a score. These chances are called touches.


title: Touch rugby

text: Players can score by grounding the ball in goal areas. The definition of grounding is holding a ball and letting it touch the ground.


title: Touch rugby

text: If the attacking team drops a ball, the possession is changed to the other team and the game starts over with rollball by using hands or feet. The definition of rollball is rolling the ball slightly backward by using your hand or feet.


title: Touch rugby

text: Team which has possession can pass a ball to teammates who is at sideways or backwards. If it is passed forward, it is a penalty and they lose the possession. The game starts over by a tap kick, which is kicking the ball by using your foot.


title: Touch rugby

text: Players must start over with rollball or a penalty at the same mark where a rollball or a penalty were given.


title: Touch rugby

text: In Touch, tackle from traditional rugby is replaced with touch by using a hand. It allows any part of body to be touched and must use minimum force.


title: Touch rugby

text: Touch rugby encourages many people to join the rugby world. No matter who you are, how old you are. It is used as a tool to promote rugby to new players such as youth players or girls and women.


title: X rating

text: In the original Motion Picture Association of America film rating system, X rating represented that no one under 18 should be allowed to enter. Unlike the others, this rating was not copyrighted, and the rating became tied to pornography. Many theaters chose not to take an X rated movie, and many newspapers would not run ads for them. Certain movie companies had to release their films without rating, in particular independent movies. In Autumn 1990 the X was replaced with NC-17, but over the years, NC-17 absorbed the same stigma that the earlier X rating had.


title: Historic Monuments and Sites in Kaesong

text: Historic Monuments and Sites in Kaesong are a group of archaeological sites in North Korea that show the history of the Koryo Dynasty, which ruled Korea from 918 c.e. to 1392 c.e. All together, they were named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2013.


title: Historic Monuments and Sites in Kaesong

text: Kaesong was the capital city of the Kingdom of Koryo. The city's gates, palaces, tombs and monuments, walls, schools, tower for looking at the stars and other buildings all together make up the World Heritage Site because they show the philosophy, culture, politics and spiritual beliefs of the Koryo people. The city's layout shows a mixture of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. It especially shows the change from Buddhism to neo-Confucianism that happened during the Koryo Dynasty.


title: Historic Monuments and Sites in Kaesong

text: UNESCO says three different sections of wall and a few gates in Kaesong have enough historical value to be part of the site. The Palocham Wall was built in 896 c.e., just before the Koryo Dynasty. The Outer Wall was built in 1009-1029 and connected the city to the nearby Songak, Puhung, Tokam, Jine and Ryongsu Mountains. The wall was built to defend the city, but it also shows what people believed about the magic or spiritual power of mountains. The Inner Wall was built in 1391-3, just as the Koryo Dynasty was ending.


title: Historic Monuments and Sites in Kaesong

text: Manwoldae Palace is now an archaeological site. It was the royal palace for 500 years. It burned down four times and the people rebuilt it over and over. In modern times, North Korean and South Korean teams have worked at the site together to study it.


title: Historic Monuments and Sites in Kaesong

text: The ruins of the Kaesong Chomsongdae are also part of the site.. Comsongdae was an observatory where people studied the stars and weather. The Koryo Songgyungwan was a school for government officials and Sungyang Sowon was a school of Confucian philosophy.


title: Historic Monuments and Sites in Kaesong

text: Sonjuk Bridge is where the high official Jong Mong Ju was assassinated, an event that was part of the end of the Koryo Dynasty.


title: Historic Monuments and Sites in Kaesong

text: The Heritage Site includes large mausoleums for King Taejo of Goryeo and King Gongmin of Goryeo. It has two other groups of tombs as well, the Seven Tombs Cluster and Myongrung Tombs Cluster. There are also two steles for Jeong Mong-ju, called the Phyochung Monuments. Steles are memorial pillars that may have the dead person's name written on them but do not contain his or her body.


title: Nintendo 3DS system software

text: Nintendo 3DS system software is software on the Nintendo 3DS video game console that can be updated. These updates, which are downloaded through the system's Internet connection, lets Nintendo add and take away features and software. Updates also have changes from previous versions. The newest version of the system software, 11.15.0-47, was released on July 26, 2021.