title: Bismarck, North Dakota

text: Bismarck was founded in 1872. It is named in honor of the German chancellor, Otto von Bismarck. It has been North Dakota's capital since it became a state in 1889.


title: Bismarck, North Dakota

text: Bismarck is on the east side of the Missouri River, directly across the river from Mandan. The two cities make up most of the Bismarck-Mandan Metropolitan Statistical Area.


title: Bismarck, North Dakota

text: The North Dakota State Capitol, the tallest building in the state, is in the center of Bismarck. The state government employs more than 4,000 in the city. Bismarck is the economic center of south-central North Dakota and north-central South Dakota with health care and retail businesses.


title: Macedonian phalanx

text: The Macedonian phalanx is an infantry formation developed by Philip II. It was used by his son Alexander the Great to conquer the Persian Empire. The formation was made up of spearmen carrying 18 to 20 ft (5.56 m) long spears. These were called sarissas. They were two-handed; the smaller shields were slung over the left shoulder.


title: Macedonian phalanx

text: The Macedonian phalanx was impregnable from the front, but vulnerable from the sides and back, where it could be attacked by the enemy cavalry. Therefore, the system required protection, which it got from the Macedonian cavalry, which was the most flexible force.


title: Macedonian phalanx

text: At the start of a battle, Alexander used the phalanx to pin down the enemy. His heavy cavalry would drive the enemy horse from the field, and then charge selected opponents or exposed enemy unit flanks. Then, the phalanx would move against the centre.


title: Macedonian phalanx

text: The early Greek city states often fought on narrow valley floors, where cavalry was not so important. Often, there was little or no cavalry. But in the Greco-Persian Wars, the battles were fought on more open land, where cavalry was a great force. An example of this is the Battle of Gaugamela. There, Alexander manoeuvered to the right to prevent a double envelopment from the Persian army. Darius commanded his cavalry on his left flank to check the oblique movement of the Greeks by attacking their cavalry. Alexander's Companion cavalry then charged the weakened enemy center where Darius was posted and were followed by the phalanx formation.


title: Deaths in April 2022

text: The following is a list of deaths that happened in April 2022. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.


title: Deaths in April 2022

text: Each listing of death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known), and a source.


title: Celebrity chef

text: A celebrity chef is a chef who is well known for their cooking, kinds of food, and style of preparation. Many celebrity chefs become famous through television appearances, publishing cookbooks, or having their own restaurant.


title: Miss Farah

text: Miss Farah (, transcribed Al Anisa Farah or El Anisa Farah) is an American romantic comedy-drama and satirical telenovela developed by Jennie Snyder Urman. The series premiered on December 29, 2019 on MBC 4. adaptation of the original Arabic version of the American television series " Jane the Virgin " format, developed by Jennie Snyder Urman. The series premiered on October 13, 2014 on broadcast on the broadcaster The CW., It is a loose adaptation of the Venezuelan telenovela "Juana la Virgen" created by Perla Farías.


title: Miss Farah

text: Farah works as a waitress in a hotel as she completes her studies. Her mother had her at a young age, so they're more like friends than mother and daughter. When Farah goes through a life-changing incident, her mother must stick by her side to help her through., Farah and Shadi are left to deal with the consequences of their son's kidnapping. Between war and peace, Majed and Dalal rediscover their relationship, The series stars Asmaa Abulyazeid as Farah, based on as Jane Villanueva, a devout 23-year-old Latina virgin. She becomes pregnant after an accidental artificial insemination by her gynecologist. The program parodies commonly used tropes and devices in Latin telenovelas., Farah works as a waitress in a hotel, and she suffers an accident that changes her life. As for her mother, she is young because of her early marriage, which makes the age difference between them small.


title: Miss Farah

text: At the "Miss Farah" was nominated for the award for Arab Drama Critics Awards, and Asmaa Abulyazeid won the award for At the The Joy Awards, "Miss Farah" was nominated for the award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy


title: Miss Farah

text: Beginning with the fourth episode of season three, the series's on-screen title card was modified, with "Al Anisa" crossed out in favor of a substitution corresponding to each episode. This mirrored the storyline, in which Farah is no longer a virgin.


title: Miss Farah

text: On April 2, 2022, MBC 4 and Shahid VIP renewed the series for a fifth and final season, which premiered on May 8, 2022.


title: Jennifer Siebel Newsom

text: Jennifer Lynn Siebel Newsom (born June 19, 1974) is an American documentary filmmaker and actress who is the current First Partner of California as the wife of Governor Gavin Newsom. Newsom also served as the Second Lady of California and First Lady of San Francisco when her husband was lieutenant governor and mayor of the state and city.


title: Jennifer Siebel Newsom

text: Jennifer Lynn Siebel was born on June 19, 1974 in San Francisco, California to Kenneth Siebel Jr. and Judy Pritzer Siebel. She is the second eldest of five girls and later grew up in Ross, California. During her childhood, she was very active in playing basketball, soccer, and tennis. Siebel attended schools and universities such as, Ross Grammar School, The Branson School, and Stanford University where she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts and Master of Business Administration degree.


title: Jennifer Siebel Newsom

text: Jennifer assumed the role and duties as the First Partner of California on January 7, 2019, succeeding Ann Brown, when her husband inaugurated as the 40th Governor of California. During her husband's term as governor and her term as first partner, she launched major initiatives such as, The Representation Project, Advance SEL California, California for ALL Kids, California for ALL Women, and the Equal Pay Pledge. Newsom redefined her role as ""first partner"" to prevent gender bias.


title: Jennifer Siebel Newsom

text: She previously served as the second lady of the state when her husband was lieutenant governor of the state and served as the first lady of San Francisco when her husband was mayor of the city.


title: Jennifer Siebel Newsom

text: She had met then San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom on a blind date at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in October 2006, and soon began dating afterwards. He officially proposed to her in January 2008 and announced their engagement and they officially got married in July 2008. They have four children together, two daughters named, Montana and Brooklynn Newsom and two sons named, Dutch and Hunter Newsom and she also has a sister in law named Hilary Newsom.


title: Cookie Clicker

text: Cookie Clicker is a JavaScript-based browser video game written by French programmer Julien Thiennot.


title: Cookie Clicker

text: The point of the game is to bake cookies as fast as possible. To start the game, a player bakes cookies by clicking on a giant cookie. One cookie is gained each time it is clicked. With sufficient cookies to use as currency, a player can buy items and upgrades that will bake more cookies. They will also increase the number of cookies per click. There is no true end to the game.


title: The Simpsons Movie

text: The Simpsons Movie is a 2007 animated comedy movie. It is based on the television programme "The Simpsons". The movie is mainly about environmental disaster. The movie features the main television voices of Dan Castellaneta, Julie Kavner, Nancy Cartwright, Yeardley Smith, Hank Azaria, and Harry Shearer.


title: The Simpsons Movie

text: Homer (Dan Castellaneta) adopts a pig, which he names Spider Pig, a parody of Spiderman. Lisa (Yeardley Smith) starts a campaign with a new boy named Colin (Tress MacNeille), who is Irish. They want to stop the people of Springfield from dumping in the lake. Everyone agrees to this and the lake is cleared up. Marge (Julie Kavner) questions Homer about Spider pigs 'leavings'. He says he has put them in a silo. This causes Marge to say "Get rid of the silo properly." Homer agrees to this, and Marge says he is allowed to take Spider Pig with him. To which Homer tells Marge "He's not Spider Pig anymore, he's Harry Plopper". This is a reference to Harry Potter. The pig even has the lightning bolt scar and the thick glasses, just like Harry Potter. Homer drives to the waste site to get rid of the silo. Homer's friend and co-worker Lenny (Harry Shearer) calls him from a donut store and tells him that they are giving out free donuts. Homer, with his love for donuts, tries to find a different way to getting rid of his silo. He then drives to the now clean lake. He ignores the "No Dumping" signs and dumps the silo into the lake. The lake then bubbles up and turns into a toxic poison.


title: Black hole information paradox

text: The black hole information paradox is a phenomenon in astrophysics. It is when quantum mechanics and general relativity are put together. In 2004, Stephen Hawking introduced the studies which supported the theory.


title: Black hole information paradox

text: This phenomenon states that the information of a physical system can be lost when it enters a black hole. The object that falls into a black hole, only keeps information about its spin, mass and charge. However, quantum mechanics suggests that information cannot be lost. This makes it a paradox and serious problem.


title: Scooby-Doo

text: Scooby-Doo is an American long-running animated series that was made for Saturday morning cartoons in many different versions from 1969-present. The first series, that was called "Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!", was made for Hanna-Barbera Productions. Hanna-Barbera made many versions like it and other shows like it until everything was made in The WB Television Network. Warner Bros. currently handles the production (making) of the show.


title: Scooby-Doo

text: Though the show, people in it, and their ages have changed, the most familiar versions of the show have a talking dog named Scooby-Doo and four teenagers: Fred "Freddie" Jones, Daphne Blake, Velma Dinkley, and Norville "Shaggy" Rogers. There are also some films based on the Scooby-Doo franchise like Scooby-Doo, , and Scoob!.


title: Scooby-Doo

text: A group of young teenagers and their talking dog solves mysteries in the animated series. The television show was in the early 2010s.


title: Gisele Barreto Fetterman

text: Gisele Barreto Fetterman (née Almeida; born February 27, 1982) is a Brazilian-American activist, philanthropist, and nonprofit executive. She is a founder of the non-profit Freestore 15104. She is a co-founder of the non-profits For Good Pgh and 412 Food Rescue. She is the wife of Lieutenant-Governor John Fetterman. She is the Second Lady of Pennsylvania.


title: One Hundred and One Dalmatians

text: One Hundred and One Dalmatians, often abbreviated as 101 Dalmatians, is the seventeenth animated movie in the Walt Disney classics series. It was made and produced by Walt Disney Productions, and based on the book "The Hundred and One Dalmatians" by Dodie Smith.


title: One Hundred and One Dalmatians

text: The movie stars Rod Taylor as the voice of Pongo, the first of the dalmatians, and Betty Lou Gerson as the voice of the villainous Cruella de Vil.


title: One Hundred and One Dalmatians

text: Disney remade the movie in 1996 as "101 Dalmatians", a live-action film starring Glenn Close as Cruella De Vil. (None of the animals talked in that version.)


title: One Hundred and One Dalmatians

text: "One Hundred and One Dalmatians" was first released to theaters on January 25, 1961. After its first release, it was re-released to theaters four more times: January 1969, June 1979, December 1985, and July 1991.


title: One Hundred and One Dalmatians

text: It was then released on VHS on April 10, 1992 as part of the Walt Disney Classics video series. It was re-released on March 9, 1999 as part of the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection video series. On December 19, 1999, it received its first DVD release as part of Disney's Limited Issue series. A 2-disc Platinum Edition DVD was released on March 4, 2008. It was released on February 10, 2015 as part of the Walt Disney Diamond Editions.


title: Johannes Brahms

text: Johannes Brahms (7 May 1833 - 3 April 1897) was a famous German composer. He started his career as a pianist. He was always very self-critical and destroyed any composition he thought was not really good. He thought that people were expecting him to be the “next Beethoven”, and spent many years on his first symphony before he allowed it to be performed. In the end, he wrote four symphonies altogether, as well as four concertos and a number of choral works, including a requiem. He also wrote chamber music, piano music, and German art songs, or "Lieder". One of his best known songs is "Wiegenlied" ("cradle song"), often called "Brahms' Lullaby," which is often heard in music boxes.


title: Johannes Brahms

text: Brahms was born in Germany. His father was a double bass player in the Hamburg city orchestra. He probably gave the young boy his first music lessons. He soon was learning the piano with a teacher named Otto Cossel. When Brahms played in a public concert in 1843 an American agent asked him to tour America, but his teacher realized he was too young. He said that Johannes should study with Eduard Marxsen, a well-known teacher in Hamburg. By 1848 he was playing piano recitals. He also started to compose, and he sent some of his compositions to Robert Schumann to ask for his advice. Schumann sent the parcel back unopened.


title: Johannes Brahms

text: At this time there were many Hungarian musicians in Hamburg. Brahms liked their folk music with its unusual rhythms, little triplet figures and sense of rubato. It was to influence his own style of composition. One of the Hungarians was called Remenyi. He played the violin and Brahms often accompanied him at concerts. They went on tour together and met famous people such as the composer Franz Liszt and the violinist Joseph Joachim who became a close friend of Brahms for many years. Joachim told Brahms to go and see Schumann and his wife Clara in Düsseldorf. Schumann liked Brahms and could see that he was going to be a great composer, so he wrote an article in his music journal about him. The article had the title: "Neue Bahnen" ("New Paths"). Schumann turned out to be correct: Brahms did become a famous composer and found “new paths” (new ways of composing).


title: Johannes Brahms

text: Brahms remained a very close friend of Schumann. When Schumann had a nervous breakdown, Brahms went all the way to Düsseldorf to see him. Brahms soon fell in love with Clara who was 14 years older than himself. He continued to be in love with her after Robert Schumann’s death, and they had a close relationship, though Brahms became interested in other women and was briefly engaged. However, he never married.


title: Johannes Brahms

text: In 1859, Brahms settled in Hamburg. He founded a women’s choir and wrote and arranged a lot of music for them. His "First Piano Concerto" was a great success in Hanover and Hamburg, but not in Leipzig, where a lot of people preferred the wildly Romantic music of Liszt which was quite different from Brahms’s style based on the Classical music style. Brahms decided to go to Vienna. He was to stay there for the rest of his life.


title: Johannes Brahms

text: In Vienna he soon made many friends who liked his music. For a short time he was director of a choir called the Vienna Singakademie, who sang some of his compositions. He met Wagner. Wagner was afraid that Brahms would start to write operas which would be more famous than his own. So Wagner wrote an article saying that Brahms was a very bad conductor. Wagner had made himself an enemy of Brahms, who never did write any operas anyway.


title: Johannes Brahms

text: In 1870, Brahms became director of a concert series called Vienna Gesellschaftskonzerte. He became more and more famous as a composer, but he was never very good at conducting, and in 1875 a conductor called Hans Richter took over conducting the concerts. During these years he finished one of his greatest works: "Ein deutsches Requiem" ("A German Requiem"), as well as one of his most popular works: the "Variations on the St Anthony chorale" (sometimes wrongly known as "Variations on a Theme by Haydn)".


title: Johannes Brahms

text: At last, in 1876, he allowed his "First Symphony" to be performed. It was not very successful at first, but in Vienna the audience liked it. He started to compose a lot of his greatest works and received many honours from universities. In the winter he gave concerts and in the summer he spent his time composing. He wrote his last symphony ("Fourth Symphony") in 1885 and conducted it, going on tour with the orchestra through Germany and the Netherlands.


title: Johannes Brahms

text: From 1889, Brahms spent each summer in Ischl where he had many friends. By 1890 he had decided to stop composing, although he did still write four beautiful works for clarinet after meeting the clarinettist Richard Mühlfeld. In 1896 he wrote "Four Serious Songs" which were probably inspired by the sad death of Clara Schumann. The next year Brahms died from cancer in Vienna. His father had died of the same illness.


title: Johannes Brahms

text: Brahms wrote a great deal of vocal music. The greatest of these works is the "German Requiem". There were many works for choirs, and a large collection of songs with piano accompaniment (Lieder). He wrote a lot of piano music which includes sonatas and many shorter pieces such as fantasias, rhapsodies, ballades, intermezzos, capriccios and romances. His chamber music includes string quartets, quintets and sextets and piano trios, quartets and a piano quintet. He wrote four symphonies and four concertos: two for piano, one for the violin and one for violin and cello (the "Double Concerto"). The "German Requiem" is his greatest vocal work.


title: Johannes Brahms

text: Brahms was also very interested in old music and helped to edit music by François Couperin as well as the music of his friend Robert Schumann. For writing his music Brahms was mostly using German and Viennese pianos. He owned a Conrad Graf piano that he received from Clara Schumann in 1856. Later in life he was mostly playing on a Streicher piano. Brahms kept this piano in his house until his death.


title: Optical character recognition

text: Optical character recognition (OCR) is a method of automatic data entry. OCR software is used to convert handwritten, type-written or printed text into data that can be edited on a computer.


title: Optical character recognition

text: In simple systems, the paper documents are scanned with an image scanner. The OCR software then looks at the image and compares the shapes of the letters to stored images of letters. In this way, it makes a text file that can be edited with a normal text editor.


title: Optical character recognition

text: More complex systems look at images, layout and so on. This can make editable electronic versions which look identical to the original documents.


title: Digital certificates

text: Digital certificates are electronic 'credit cards' that establish your credentials when doing a business or other transactions on the Web. It is issued by a certification authority (CA). It contains your name, a serial number, expiration dates, a copy of the certificate holder's public key (used for encrypting messages and digital signatures), and the digital signature of the certificate-issuing authority so that a recipient can verify that the certificate is real. Some digital certificates conform to a standard, X.509. Digital certificates can be kept in registries so that authenticating users can look up other users' public keys.


title: Digital certificates

text: • The class 1 defines the certificate that do not hold any legal validity as the validation process is based only on a valid email ID and involves no direct verification.


title: Digital certificates

text: •The class 2 category states that a person's identity is to be verified against a trusted,pre-verified database.


title: Digital certificates

text: •The class 3 requires the person present himself or herself in front of the registration authority and prove his or her identity.


title: Bracket fungus

text: They produce shelf- or bracket-shaped fruiting bodies called conks. These lie in a close group of horizontal rows. Brackets can range from only a single row of a few caps, to dozens of rows of caps that can weigh several hundred pounds. They are mainly found on trees (living and dead) and woody debris. Some form annual fruiting bodies while others are perennial and grow larger year after year. Bracket fungi are usually tough and sturdy. Their spores, called basidiospores, are in pores on the undersurface.


title: T-ara

text: T-ara () is a South Korean girl group. They are one of the best-selling girl groups of all time. T-ara was formed in 2009. The group mainly makes dance-pop music. This is partly due to their partnership with composer Shinsadong Tiger, who has favored that genre. T-ara uses a wide variety of visual looks in their dance and performances.


title: T-ara

text: T-ara debuted in July 2009 with the single "Lies". Their first studio album was called the "Absolute First Album". It was released in December 2009 and lead to several hit songs. These included "TTL (Time to Love)", "Bo Peep Bo Peep", and "You Drive Me Crazy".


title: T-ara

text: In 2011, T-ara released the song "Roly-Poly". It became the best-selling single of the year on the "Gaon" chart in South Korea. The group also became popular in Japan. Later that year they signed a contract with agency J-Rock to manage their sales in Japan. The contract was for USD 4.7 million. This was the most any Korean girl group had made in a foreign market at the time. T-ara went on to make a Japanese studio album called "Jewelry Box". This album reached number one on the "Oricon" weekly charts in Japan. Also in 2011, T-ara released the Korean album "Black Eyes". It lead to three number ones songs in a row. These were "Cry Cry", "We Were in Love" and "Lovey-Dovey".


title: T-ara

text: In 2012, T-ara had a drop in popularity. The group was accused of disagreements and problems with one another. Soon after, Hwayoung left T-ara. Areum did the same a year after. After these issues, T-ara's albums and songs had mixed success in South Korea. As a result, T-ara changed their focus to China. In 2014, they made a cover of the Chopstick Brothers' song "Little Apple". After focusing on China, T-ara became one of the most popular K-pop groups in the country.


title: T-ara

text: In 2017, the contracts of Soyeon and Boram were set to expire. On the other hand, Qri, Eunjung, Hyomin and Jiyeon had extended their contracts. This would reduce the members of the group from six to four. T-ara had intended to make one more album as a six-member group. However, a conflict with their management lead to a delay and it did not happen. T-ara's next release was as a four-member group. This was the EP called "What's My Name?" which was released in June 2017.


title: T-ara

text: T-ara was formed by the record label Mnet Media, which is now known as Stone Music Entertainment. The original members of T-ara were Jiae, Jiwon, Eunjung, Hyomin and Jiyeon. They trained together for three years before their debut. The group's name is based on the word "tiara". The idea for the name was that they would be "queens of the music industry". Their first song came before their official debut as a group. It was "Joheun Saram" for the soundtrack of the "Cinderella Man" television show. One month before their official debut, Mnet Media changed some of the members of the group. Jiae and Jiwon left T-ara in early June 2009, and were replaced by Boram, Soyeon, and Qri. Then in early July 2009, T-ara was moved from Mnet Media to Core Contents Media. Core Contents Media is a subsidiary of Mnet Media, and is now known as MBK Entertainment.


title: T-ara

text: T-ara made their debut in July 2009 on the "Radio Star" talk show. Their first performance was on the "M Countdown" music show a few days later. It included the songs "Geojitmal" (or "Lies") and "Norabollae?". The performance had negative reviews by those who watched it. Some felt was that it was lip-synced and had an "elementary school" appearance. In response, the group decided that future performances would be live. In September 2009, T-ara made the song TTL "(Time to Love)" with the boy band Supernova. It became the first number one song for both groups and topped many online charts. A month later, T-ara and Supernova made the follow up song "TTL Listen 2".


title: T-ara

text: T-ara made their first studio album in November 2009, with the name "Absolute First Album". Core Contents Media held a survey to have the public help choose which song would be the title track. The choices were "Bo Peep Bo Peep" and "Cheoeum Cheoreom" (처음처럼, "Like the First Time"). Of the 9,000 people who took the survey, 53% chose "Cheoeum Cheoreom". However, "Bo Peep Bo Peep" was chosen as the title track. It made it to number four on the "Gaon" chart. "Cheoeum Cheoreom" made it to number ten. T-ara performed these songs live on the "Music Bank" television show on 4 December 2009. At the 24th Golden Disk Awards, T-ara won Rookie of the Year along with girl group 4minute.


title: T-ara

text: The group won their first music show award with "Bo Peep Bo Peep" on the first day of 2010. The song went on to win five awards in total. T-ara intended to follow up with promotions for "Cheoeum Cheoreom" as well. But these had to be canceled in January 2010, as Soyeon got sick with H1N1. Later that month, T-ara had a cameo appearance in two episodes of the television show "God of Study".


title: T-ara

text: In February 2010, the group re-released their debut album under the title "Breaking Heart". The digital release was on February 23. The two lead singles were "Neo Ttaemune Michyeo" (너 때문에 미쳐; "I Go Crazy Because of You") and "Naega Neomu Apa" (내가 너무 아파, "I'm Really Hurt"). "Neo Ttaemune Michyeo" made it to number one on the "Gaon" chart and "Naega Neomu Apa" made it to thirty-one. T-ara performed on the same day on "M Countdown". They went on to win three awards for "Neo Ttaemune Michyeo". The physical release of the album was March 3. It made it to number two on the weekly "Gaon" chart and number thirty-five on the yearly chart. T-ara performed "Naega Neomu Apa" on music shows in March and early April 2010.


title: T-ara

text: In July 2010, T-ara added Hwayoung as a seventh member. The stated reason was to give other members some relief from their heavy schedules. It would also allow each member to be away for solo activities from time to time. In November 2010, the group starred in the third season of the reality show "Hello Baby". Later that month, T-ara released "Wae Ireoni". It is the lead single for their first extended play, which is called "Temptastic". "Temptastic" was released in December 2010, along with the single, "Yayaya". T-ara performed on "Music Bank" on December 3 with their new seventh member Hwayoung. They later won awards for "Wae Ireoni" and "Yayaya" on "M Countdown".


title: T-ara

text: T-ara made their second extended play (or EP) in June 2011. The title is "John Travolta Wannabe". It made it to number three on the Gaon Album Chart. The EP's single, "Roly-Poly", made it to number two on the Gaon Digital Chart and number one on the Korea K-Pop Hot 100 chart. It became the highest-selling song of 2011 in South Korea. "Roly-Poly" won the award of Best Music Video at the 3rd Melon Music Awards. T-ara also won Singer of the Year at the 1st Gaon Chart Awards. They were also nominated for Best Dance Performance by a Female Group and Song of the Year at the 13th Mnet Asian Music Awards.


title: T-ara

text: In August 2011, T-ara made a limited edition re-issue of "John Travolta Wannabe" with the title "Roly-Poly in Copacabana". The title track is a eurodance remix of "Roly-Poly". It was given the name "Roly-Poly in Copacabana" after the song "Copacabana" which was popular in the 1980's in disco clubs. The album made it to number three on the Gaon chart. The song made it to number forty-five on the Billboard Korea K-Pop Hot 100 chart. The group then performed the song on the "Music Bank" television show.


title: T-ara

text: T-ara made a Japanese version of "Bo Peep Bo Peep" in September 2011. It made it to number one on the "Oricon" weekly chart. This made T-ara the first non-Japanese girl group to make it to number one on the "Oricon" chart. The song also made it to number one on the Billboard Japan Hot 100 chart.


title: T-ara

text: In November 2011, T-ara made their third EP, "Black Eyes", which made it to number two on the "Gaon" charts. The album followed the release of the song "Cry Cry", which made it to number one on the Billboard Korea K-Pop Hot 100. "Cry Cry" also won two first-place awards on "M Countdown". The music video for "Cry Cry" had a billion Korean won budget and a thirty-minute drama story line. The group made their second Japanese song, a remake of "Yayaya" from their "Temptastic" EP, in November. It made it to number seven on the "Oricon" charts and number six on the Billboard Japan Hot 100.


title: T-ara

text: In December 2011, the group held a three-day concert tour in Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka. By the end of the year, T-ara had become the second most popular girl group in Korea. Also in December, T-ara made a ballad with Davichi called "Uri Saranghaetjanha" (우리 사랑했잖아, "We Were in Love"). It was later included on T-ara's "Funky Town" re-release album. "Uri Saranghaetjanha" made it to number one on the "Gaon" chart and number two on the Billboard Korea K-Pop Hot 100. Both groups performed the song on SBS's "Inkigayo" television show.


title: T-ara

text: T-ara re-released "Black Eyes" under the title "Funky Town" in January 2012. The album made it to number one on the "Gaon" weekly chart and number two on the monthly chart. "Lovey-Dovey" was the second single from the album. It made it to number one on both the "Gaon" and "Billboard Korea" charts.


title: T-ara

text: In February 2012, Forbes Korea listed T-ara as number 17 in their list of "Top 40 Power Celebrities". In April, Core Contents Media announced that they would add two new members to T-ara. Areum joined T-ara in June 2012, bringing the group to eight members. The second new member was to be Dani, who was 14 years old at the time. While she starred in T-ara's "Day by Day" music video, she did not end up becoming a member.


title: T-ara

text: T-ara made their first Japanese studio album in June 2012 with the title "Jewelry Box". It made it to number two on the "Oricon" weekly albums chart with sales of over 57,000 copies. Following the album release, T-ara held a concert tour in Japan.


title: T-ara

text: In July 2012, T-ara released their fourth extended play (EP), with the title "Day by Day". It made it to number five on the "Gaon" chart. The title track, also called "Day by Day", was released as a single on the same day. It made it to number two on the "Gaon" chart. On July 7, T-ara performed "Day by Day" live on "Music Core" with a 70-person orchestra. This was the first time Areum performed with the group.


title: T-ara

text: In late July 2012, T-ara held a concert in Japan. Hwayoung only performed one song due to a leg injury. Afterwards, one member of T-ara tweeted a message about showing determination. Later four of the other members agreed with her. After this Hwayoung and her twin sister (Hyoyoung) tweeted about a "bad person". This lead to rumors of conflict within the group. Some assumed that Hwayoung was being bullied. Soon after, Core Contents Media ended Hwayoung's contract and she left T-ara. The stated reason was that Hwayoung's actions were harming teamwork. The record label claimed that the bullying rumors were not a factor in the decision. The group stated that the rumors were not true but did confirm a conflict between Hwayoung and the others. Due to the rumors, the group put all activity on hold for a time. Their scheduled performances were postponed without a new date planned.


title: T-ara

text: In September, T-ara resumed their activity as a group. In that month they released "Mirage", which was a re-issue of their "Day by Day" EP with additional songs. Two of the songs from the EP were also released as singles on the same day. These were "Sexy Love" and "Najgwa Bam (Love All)" (낮과 밤, "Day and Night"). "Sexy Love" made it to number four on the "Gaon" charts and number three on the Billboard Korea K-pop Hot 100 charts. While the new EP and song were a success, the group’s popularity suffered a drop due to the bullying rumors.


title: T-ara

text: Later in September, T-ara made a Japanese version of "Day by Day". In October, T-ara released a greatest hits album in Japan. They stated that it was in celebration of one year since their Japanese debut. Also in October, T-ara made a Japanese version of "Sexy Love" and traveled to Japan to promote it.


title: T-ara

text: In March 2013, T-ara released their sixth Japanese single, with the title "Bunny Style!" It was their first song made just for the Japanese market. It was released in ten different editions. Each of these included a different second song along with "Bunny Style!" Seven of them had a solo song by one of the T-ara members. Three of them had a song performed by a sub-group (a smaller group formed from members within T-ara). To promote the single, T-ara held special concerts in 10 Japanese cities.


title: T-ara

text: In April, T-ara formed a sub-group with members Eunjung, Hyomin, Jiyeon, and Areum. It was given the name T-ara N4. The sub-group made the song "Jeon Won Diary".


title: T-ara

text: In July 2013, T-ara performed at the Nippon Budokan to celebrate the release of their second Japanese album "Treasure Box". That album was announced for August 2013. At the concert, it was announced that Qri would be the new leader of T-ara. T-ara later released the music video "Painkiller" as a digital single. The song was made with T-ara, Davichi, See Ya, 5dolls and SPEED. Jiyeon appeared as the main character in the music video. Also in July, Core Contents Media stated that Areum would be leaving the group "towards the beginning of next year".


title: T-ara

text: In August, T-ara released the music video "Bikini" featuring Davichi and Skull. T-ara then held a concert in Mongolia, along with Davichi, SPEED, and The SeeYa. In October, T-ara performed in Korea for the first time since the bullying rumors. This included their new song "Number 9" along with "Sexy Love". Four days later they released "Number Nine" as part of a mini-album with the title "Again".


title: T-ara

text: In December, T-ara performed in Korea with the song "Do You Know Me". They also released a repackaged album titled "Again 1977". It contains the most popular songs from "Again". The group also released a ballad version of "Do You Know Me". Later in the month, T-ara released the Christmas song, "Hide & Seek". By the end of 2013, T-ara was ranked seventh in by number of top songs in the past decade.


title: T-ara

text: T-ara planned to make China a focus in 2014, with five scheduled concerts. They held the first of these in January, in Chengdu. In February, T-ara held a concert in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, along with SPEED. In March, T-ara performed in Japan and released the singles "Lead The Way" and "LA'booN". They also made their third Japanese album and gave it the title "Gossip Girls".


title: T-ara

text: In September 2014, T-ara made their sixth mini album with the title "And & End". They released it along with two music videos for the title track, "Sugar Free". The song was inspired by EDM and is part of the big room subgenre of electro house music. On September 24, a remix album was released called "EDM CLUB Sugar Free Edition". This included an English version of "Sugar Free". This was the first song T-ara recorded in English.


title: T-ara

text: In October 13, T-ara signed a contract with Chinese record label Longzhen Culture Development. The contract was worth 5 billion KRW (~4.8 million USD). Then in November, T-ara made a cover version of the Chopstick Brothers' song "Little Apple". It is partly in Korean and partly in Chinese, and includes the Chopstick Brothers for the chorus. This music video had ́8 million views within the first two days.


title: T-ara

text: In December, T-ara held a small concert in Seoul. This was their first concert in 2014 in Korea. Later in the month, T-ara closed out their year with a concert in Shanghai.


title: T-ara

text: T-ara held a concert in Korea in early January of 2015. Soon after, they went to Vietnam to perform. On January 9, the group arrived at the airport, but had problems entering the country. So the concert had to be rescheduled. It later took place on October 10.


title: T-ara

text: In February 2015, MBK Entertainment formed a project group known as TS. It included Eunjung and Soyeon as well as members of other groups. The TS group made a winter single, titled "Don't Forget Me." In March 2015, T-ara was announced as the main performer for Malaysia's Sultan Of Johor Coronation celebrations in Johor Bahru. The group appeared at the event along with Sistar, and The Black Eyed Peas' Taboo.


title: T-ara

text: In June 2015, T-ara began a China tour, called the Great China Tour. The tour started with Nanjing, Beijing and Hefei. The group performed 22 songs. The next concert on their Great China Tour was held in Guangzhou on December 19.


title: T-ara

text: On July 17, 2015, MBK Entertainment announced that T-ara would be part of their summer performance lineup in the first week of August. In August, T-ara's made their seventh extended play (EP), with the title "So Good". The title was track "So Crazy". The EP was composed by Brave Brothers.


title: T-ara

text: In October 2015, the website "Insider Monkey" published a list of 16 best selling girl groups of all time. T-ara was number ten on the list with a total of 36.18 million sales. Later in the month T-ara appeared on the Chinese variety show "The Brain".


title: T-ara

text: In June 2016, T-ara performed at the "Dream Concert 2016", with a remix of "Be Peep Bo Peep", "Roly Poly", and "So Crazy".


title: T-ara

text: On September 9, T-ara performed 3 songs for the IASGO in Seoul. Then on September 11, T-ara flew to Japan for a concert at the Tokyo Dome City Hall. T-ara performed seven songs and talked to their fans. T-ara performed twice during the day, as the event was divided into 2 parts. One was in the afternoon and the other in the evening. At this concert T-ara performed their song "Memories" live for the first time. On September 17, T-ara held their last Concert in the Great China Tour at the Mercedes-Benz Arena in Shanghai. Also in September 2016, the Dong-a Ilbo newspaper listed "Roly-Poly" as the 14th favorite song of the past 20 years.


title: T-ara

text: On October 1, 2016, T-ara performed at the Busan One Asia Festival. They also held a concert on October 4 and performed eight different songs.


title: T-ara

text: In November 2016, T-ara made their eighth extended play (EP), with the title "Remember". The lead single of the EP was "Tiamo". Their music video for "Tiamo" was voted the number one music video of the year on Fuse.


title: T-ara

text: In February 2017, Hwayoung and her twin sister Hyoyoung spoke about the "bullying" scandal on a reality show. Hwayoung used the opportunity to state how hard it was for her, and her only support was her sister. This brought the rumors back to public attention. Soon after, a former staff member claimed that it had really been the twins who had "bullied" the other members. This person released texts that appeared to show Hyoyoung threatening Areum with physical harm. Other staff members also came forward with evidence that Hwayoung had treated the other members and staff badly. They also claimed that she had faked how severe her injury was, in order to get more sympathy. Hwayoung at first tried to deny this, but later admitted that the texts were real. This put an end to the bullying rumors about other members of T-ara.


title: T-ara

text: In March 2017, MBK Entertainment announced Soyeon and Boram were ending their contracts in a few months time. They also stated that T-ara would make one more album as a six member group. However, a conflict with their management lead to a delay and it did not happen. Instead, the release was rescheduled for after Soyeon and Boram had departed. T-ara's last performance as six-member group was in Taiwan on May 13, 2017.


title: T-ara

text: T-ara made their ninth extended play (EP) as a four member group, with Qri, Hyomin, Jiyeon, and Eunjung. The title is "What's My Name?" and it was released on June 14, 2017. T-ara won first place on "The Show" on June 20. This was their first win on a music show in five years.


title: T-ara

text: On November 4, the group held a concert in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Part of the ticket proceeds were donated to charity. On November 24, the group performed with B.A.P, Rain, Kim Jong-kook and Haha for K-Pop Music Wave 2017 in Penang, Malaysia.


title: T-ara

text: On January 3, 2018, Hyomin announced that she, Jiyeon, Eunjung, and Qri would not renew their contracts with MBK Entertainment. The record label later confirmed that the group had left the company. MBK later confirmed that they had filed for a trademark on the name "T-ara". In January 2018, Hyomin, Jiyeon, Eunjung, and Qri filed for a rejection of MBK's trademark request. In August 2018, MBK's trademark request was denied. This allows Hyomin, Jiyeon, Eunjung, and Qri to continue using the group name. They later stated that they intend to stay together as a group.


title: T-ara

text: In an interview in October 2019, Jiyeon stated that they hope to appear again as group. However, she also said that it may not be right away but only after some time passed.


title: T-ara

text: Jiae and Jiwon left the group in 2009, before their official debut. Boram, Qri, and Soyeon were added soon after, and before the official debut. Hwayoung joined the group on July 26, 2010. Areum joined T-ara in early 2012.


title: T-ara

text: Hwayoung had her contract ended in mid-2012 and had to leave the group. Then Areum left in July 2012. T-ara continued as a six-member group until Soyeon and Boram left in 2017. The remaining four members are Qri, Hyomin, Jiyeon, and Eunjung.


title: T-ara

text: On several occasions T-ara formed sub-groups (or sub-units). These were smaller girl groups formed with a few members of T-ara. The first sub-groups of T-ara were formed in March 2013 when "Bunny Style!" was released. These made a few of the songs that were included with "Bunny Style!" in special editions. As these groups had no activity apart from T-ara, they had no official names. The first official sub-groups came a few months later.


title: T-ara

text: On April 12, 2013, Core Contents Media announced a sub-group called T-ara N4. The members were Jiyeon, Eunjung, Hyomin, and Areum. The group's first song, "Jeon Won Diary", was inspired by a 1980s drama show. It is a "funky and intense" dance song with elements of hip-hop. T-ara N4 released the song, the extended play (EP) of the same name, and a music video on April 29, 2013.


title: T-ara

text: A Japanese sub-group called QBS was announced in May 2013. The members were Qri, Boram and Soyeon. QBS focused on the Japanese market. They released their first single "Kaze no You ni" on June 26, 2013. It was written and composed by Takanori Fukuta. QBS held a live show at the Sunshine City Fountain Square in Ikebukuro, Tokyo on June 10, 2013. At the show the group performed "Kaze no Yō ni". Boram and Qri also sang their song "Shabontama no Yukue" and Soyeon sang her song "Love Poem".


title: T-ara

text: In October 2009, the group signed a contract to make a commercial for Nonghyup Apples. They made the song "Apple Song" for the commercial. It was later included on the group's first studio album "Absolute First Album" under the name "Apple is A". In 2010, the group modeled for Mentholatum Korea, Tedin Water Parks, and Olympus cameras. T-ara was chosen to model for Tedin Waterpark again in 2011.


title: T-ara

text: In 2011, T-ara starred in commercials for Spris, iRiver, Windysoft, Look Optical, Shin Ramyun, and Crown Mountain. T-ara also launched the café franchise called Cafe Page One. The name was taken from the cafe that Eunjung's character ran in the drama "Coffee House". When it was opened on July 1, 2011, the members of T-ara were present to greet the customers. The same year, T-ara was chosen as models for cosmetics brand Tony Moly. The group modeled for the brand in South Korea, China, Japan, and other Asian countries. T-ara also signed a contract with online shopping mall Hi-Mart.


title: T-ara

text: In early 2015, T-ara signed a USD 1 million contract with the Chinese clothing brand Celucasn. In November, T-ara made a Chinese version of "Cry Cry" to be the theme song for the game "World of Warships". The group also became the face of the mobile game "Dream of the Three Kingdoms". In the same month, T-ara was made brand ambassadors of the partnership between Hankyung Media Group and Sina Weibo.


title: T-ara

text: T-ara held a charity event on December 14, 2013, in Cafenne, which is a cafe run by Eunjung's mother. They sold their old clothing, stage costumes, and similar items from Davichi, Ha Seokjin, Hwang Jungeum and Son Hojun. T-ara made 12.5 million won (about USD 12,000) from the sale. They donated this to the "Hope Windmill" campaign which was organized by the Red Cross. T-ara said, "We are able to end the year with a warm heart thanks to the many people who took part in the charity event and we give thanks to those who helped T-ara take the steps necessary for it."


title: Boko Haram

text: Boko Haram is a branch of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. The name of the group means "Western" or "non-Islamic" education is a sin. The group is centred in Borno State in northeastern Nigeria. It wants to make Islamic law the only law in Nigeria. It also wants to outlaw education that is not based on Islam. The group sees itself as similar to the Taliban, which are active in Afghanistan. Locally, the group is known as the "Taliban". The official name of the group is "Jama'atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'awati wal-Jihad", which in Arabic means "People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet's Teachings and Jihad." They also call themselves 'Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP).


title: Boko Haram

text: The group was formed in Maiduguri, Borno State, in 2002. Its insurgency began in 2009. They follow an extreme version of Sunni Islam. Local residents of the area soon called the group Boko Haram. Loosely translated from the local Hausa language, this means Western education is forbidden. Residents gave it the name because of its strong opposition to Western education, which it sees as corrupting Muslims. The term "Boko Haram" comes from the Hausa word 'boko' meaning "Animist, western or otherwise non-Islamic education" and the Arabic word 'haram' figuratively meaning "sin" (literally, "forbidden").


title: Boko Haram

text: Boko Haram opposes not only Western education, but Western culture and science as well. The group also forbids the wearing of shirts and trousers and the act of voting in elections. In its view, the Nigerian state is run by non-believers.


title: Boko Haram

text: In a 2009 BBC interview, Mohammed Yusuf, the group's leader at the time, said he rejects the fact that the earth is a sphere and views it as contrary to Islam, along with Darwinism and the fact that rain comes from water evaporated by the sun.


title: Boko Haram

text: Boko Haram often carry out bombings, kidnappings and shootings, as well as arson and looting. They have killed thousands of people in Africa, attacking civilian and military targets. There are many terrorist activities for which Boko Haram have claimed responsibility:


title: Boko Haram

text: Boko Haram is not associated with the group Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta which fights against the oil industry in the Niger Delta, since 2006.


title: Boko Haram

text: On 14 April 2014, Boko Haram kidnapped 276 teenagers from a secondary school in Chibok, Borno. Boko Haram killed at least 100 people in Baga, Borno, in January 2015. About 620 buildings were damaged or destroyed by fire.


title: Boko Haram

text: In the mid-2010s, Boko Haram extended its activities into Cameroon, Chad and Niger. It became part of Islamic State in March 2015.


title: Peter Higgs

text: Peter Ware Higgs CH FRS FRSE (born Newcastle upon Tyne, 29 May 1929) is an English theoretical physicist, and emeritus professor at the University of Edinburgh.


title: Peter Higgs

text: He was awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics for predicting the existence of the Higgs boson, the "most sought-after particle in modern physics". Higgs shared the prize with François Englert. Higgs was appointed to the Order of the Companions of Honour in 2013.


title: Peter Higgs

text: In the 1960s, he proposed broken symmetry in electroweak theory. This explains the origin of mass of elementary particles in general. It also shows the origin of the W and Z bosons. The theory known as Higgs mechanism was proposed by several physicists at the same time. It proposes the existence of a new particle, the Higgs boson. On 4 July 2012, CERN announced they had found a new particle much like the Higgs boson in experiments, but that more work was necessary to analyse its properties and see if it had the properties expected from the Standard Model Higgs boson.


title: Peter Higgs

text: The Higgs mechanism is generally accepted as an important part of the Standard Model of particle physics, without which particles would have no mass.


title: Peter Higgs

text: Higgs has received a number of awards. These include the 1997 Dirac Medal and Prize for outstanding contributions to theoretical physics, the 2004 Wolf Prize in Physics, and the 2010 Sakurai Prize.


title: Curry

text: Curry (from Tamil "kari") is the English word for any of a general variety of spiced dishes, best known in Indian, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan, Indonesian, Malaysian, Pakistani, Thai, and other South Asian and Southeast Asian cuisines, though curry has been adopted into many other cuisines. Curry first came from India. The idea of curry was later brought to the West by British colonialists in India from the 18th century. Dishes that are often called curries in Europe and America are rarely called curries in the native language.


title: Curry

text: Curry can also be found in the United Kingdom and Jamaica. It is usually eaten with Basmati rice or naan, a type of flat bread.


title: Curry

text: A curry dish called Balti is said to have been originated in Birmingham, United Kingdom and has been dubbed Britain’s de facto national dish.


title: Rhineland

text: The Rhinelands used to mean an area on both banks of the Rhine, in Central Europe, but the Rhineland (or Rheinland in German) is now a general word for areas of Germany along the middle and the lower Rhine. It borders Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands to the west and the Rhine to the east.


title: Rhineland

text: After the French were defeated in the early 19th century, the German - and the Dutch-speaking areas in the middle and the lower Rhine were added to the Kingdom of Prussia and were called the Rhine Province (or Rhenish Prussia).


title: Rhineland

text: After World War I, the western part of Rhineland was under Allied control and demilitarized, with no military activities allowed, under the Treaty of Versailles. German forces sent armies back to it in 1936, three years before World War II began.


title: Goliath

text: Goliath () was a Philistine warrior in the Old Testament. He was the champion of the warriors of town of Gath. The name refers to Greek name Alyattes.


title: Goliath

text: Goliath was unusually large. His height was said to be "six cubits and a span" - some 290 cm - and he fought as armoured charioteer. The Bible describes how he challenged the Israelite warriors for single-handed duel, but nobody dared to fight with him.


title: Goliath

text: David, who was fourteen years old at this time, finally answered to challenge. He was skilled on use of sling, and he found out a way how he could win him. He accurately slung a stone on Goliath's forehead, just below his helmet. The stone knocked Goliath out. David then ran to unconscious Goliath, pulled his sword off the scabbard, and cut his head off. Seeing a fourteen-year-old boy killing their champion, the Philistine army demoralized.


title: Goliath

text: The Dead Sea Scrolls say Goliath's height was a more credible "four cubits and a span", in modern measurements 202 cm. At the era when man's average height was some 160 cm, he would still have looked like a giant.


title: Dissident

text: A dissident is a person who does not agree with an opinion, policy, or structure. There are also other types of dissidents like social dissidents who do not agree with popular social attitudes.


title: Mardi Gras

text: Mardi Gras (Fat Tuesday) is a festival held the day before Ash Wednesday (shrove Tuesday) which signifies the end of the Carnival season and the start of Lent. Many cities (especially those with large Catholic populations) like New Orleans are famous for their Mardi Gras.


title: Mardi Gras

text: During Mardi Gras, almost everyone takes part in celebrating with lavish parades and parties. Many different people celebrate Mardi Gras in their own way, some people have small parties and eat many of the tasty pastries and some people have huge parties and celebrate in a big way. Some of the pastries they eat are called king's cake, hot cross buns, punchskis, tricolor scrolls and thick sugar cookies. There are many more things that other people eat but these are the usual American celebration food for mardi gras. There are so many different parades and kinds of celebrations.


title: Mardi Gras

text: In some countries, including the United Kingdom, Ireland and Australia, the day is called Shrove Tuesday, Fat Tuesday, Pancake Tuesday or Pancake Day.


title: Photorespiration

text: Photorespiration, or "'photo-respiration'", is a process in plant metabolism. A sugar has oxygen added to it by the enzyme (RuBisCO), instead of carbon dioxide during normal photosynthesis. This process reduces efficiency of photosynthesis.


title: Photorespiration

text: Photorespiration can occur when carbon dioxide levels are low, for example, when the stomata are closed to prevent water loss during drought. In most plants, photorespiration increases as temperature increases. Photorespiration produces no ATP and leads to a net loss of carbon and nitrogen (as ammonia), slowing plant growth.


title: Ancient Greek boxing

text: Ancient Greek boxing is a very old sport. It has been practiced at least since the eighth century BC. Homer wrote about it in his poem "Iliad". At that time, Greece was made of many city-states that were independent. Each city state seems to have had its own version of the sport.


title: Ancient Greek boxing

text: Today, most of the sources that talk about Greek boxing are either legends, or they are fragmentary. When a source is fragmentary, this means that part of the text has been lost, or is missing. This makes it difficult to find the rules, or where and how the activity was done. Several details are missing, but it seems boxing with gloves was an important part of the Greek athletic culture of the time.


title: Ancient Greek boxing

text: The activity was called "pyx" or "pygme" in Ancient Greek. Archeologists have found evidence that this activity was probably done by the Minoan and Mycenaean cultures. Many legends tell about the origins of boxing in Greece. One legend says that the heroic ruler Theseus invented a type of boxing where two men sat face to face and beat each other with their fists until one of them was killed. Later, the boxers began to fight while standing. They also started to wear gloves (with spikes) and wrappings on their arms below the elbows. In Ancient Greece, most sports were done naked, boxing too.


title: Ancient Greek boxing

text: According to "Iliad", Mycenaean warriors included boxing in their competitions. They did this to honor those who had died. It is possible that Homer told about what the Greeks did, at a later time. Boxing was one of the contests held in memory of Achilles' friend Patroclus, who was killed toward the end of the Trojan War. To commemorate Patroclus the Greeks later introduced boxing ("pygme / pygmachia") to the Olympic Games in 688 BC. People taking part trained on punching bags (called a "korykos"). Fighters wore leather straps (called "himantes") over their hands, wrists, and sometimes chest, to protect themselves from injury. The straps also left the fingers free.


title: Ancient Greek boxing

text: Philostratus was a scholar and an historian. According to him, boxing was originally developed in Sparta, in order to harden warriors’ faces for battle. The early Spartans believed helmets were unnecessary and boxing prepared them for when they were hit on the head in battle. However, Spartans never took part in the competitive version of boxing. They thought it was dishonorable to be defeated that way.


title: Ancient Greek boxing

text: Until around 500 BC "himantes" were used as protection for the knuckles and hand. They were thongs of ox hide between 3 and 3.7 meters long. The "himantes" were wrapped around the hands and knuckles many times.


title: Ancient Greek boxing

text: Around 400 BC "sphairai" were introduced. The "sphairai" were very similar to "himantes". The biggest difference was that the inside was padded when they were wrapped around the hands. The outside of the thong was more rigid too.


title: Ancient Greek boxing

text: Soon after the "saphirai" had been introduced, they were replaced by "oxys" used for boxing. "Oxys" were made of several thick leather bands that were wrapped around the hand, wrist, and forearm. A band of fleece was placed on the forearm to wipe away sweat. Leather braces extended up the forearm to give greater support when punching. The knuckles were reinforced with leather as well.


title: Ancient Greek boxing

text: "Korykos" were the equivalent to modern punching bags. They were used for practice in the Palaestra and were filled with sand, flour, or millet.


title: Ancient Greek boxing

text: The rules currently used for the sport are based on the old rules. As pointed out above, there are only incomplete sources for the rules. The rules needed to be deduced from old texts and images:


title: Politics of the Netherlands

text: The politics of the Netherlands is that of an indirect democracy. It has a constitution and a monarchy that operates within the constitution. The democratic structure is determined by a parliament (the legislative branch) and a government (the executive branch). The government depends on the confidence of the parliament, but the two branches aren't strictly separated (the parliamentary system).


title: Politics of the Netherlands

text: The parliament is called the States General (Dutch: "Staten-Generaal") and consists of two chambers: a lower house, the so-called Second Chamber (Dutch: "Tweede Kamer"), comparable with the House of Representatives in other countries, and a upper house, the so-called First Chamber (Dutch: "Eerste Kamer"), comparable with the Senate in other countries, and often called likewise.


title: Politics of the Netherlands

text: On a higher level, the Netherlands makes part of the Benelux, Council of Europe, European Union, NATO and the United Nations.


title: Politics of the Netherlands

text: The Netherlands is officially called the "Kingdom of the Netherlands". It is composed of four countries: the Netherlands itself (the European part) and three island countries in the Caribbean: Aruba, Curaçao and Saint Martin. Three other islands in the Caribbean that belong to the Netherlands have a status of special municipalities of the Netherlands, the so-called Caribbean Netherlands.


title: Politics of the Netherlands

text: Current government is the Fourth Rutte cabinet, a coalition of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD, a conservative liberal party), Democrats 66 (D66, a social liberal party), the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA, a Christian democratic party), and the ChristianUnion (CU, an orthodox Christian democratic party).


title: Politics of the Netherlands

text: The Fourth Rutte Cabinet was established on January 10, 2022. Prime Minister has been VVD politician Mark Rutte since 2010.


title: Māori language

text: The Māori language (, shortened to Te Reo) is the language of the Māori and an official language of New Zealand. It is an Austronesian language.


title: Māori language

text: Although it is an official language, not many people speak it fluently. In the 2013 census, about 149,000 people, (3.7% of the population) said that they could have a conversation in Māori about a lot of everyday things.


title: Māori language

text: The language can be seen everywhere throughout New Zealand, as many of the placenames are Māori, such as Whangarei, Rotorua, and Timaru. Lots of government or city buildings use te reo on their signs as well as English, and most of the public schools have a Māori name as well as an English one. Some Māori people living in Australia also speak the language.


title: Māori language

text: Te Reo Māori did not have a writing system until the Europeans arrived. In 1817, a Ngāpuhi chief, Tītori, and his relative Tui worked with Professor Samuel Lee and prepared a writing system for "te reo".


title: Mulhouse

text: Mulhouse is a commune in Alsace in north-eastern France, in the Haut-Rhin department, of which it is a subprefecture. It is in the Grand Est region.


title: Mulhouse

text: The "commune" is in the historical and cultural region of Alsace, close to the Swiss and German borders.


title: Mulhouse

text: Mulhouse is in the southern part of the plain of Alsace in the Haut-Rhin department. Two rivers run through Mulhouse, the Doller and the Ill, both tributaries of the Rhine.


title: Mulhouse

text: The "commune" of Mulhouse is surrounded by the "communes" Riedisheim, Rixheim, Morschwiller-le-Bas and Pfastatt.


title: Mulhouse

text: The area around Mulhouse, at an altitude of about , is characterized by climates with few extremes of temperature. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Strasbourg is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb".


title: Mulhouse

text: The average amount of precipitation for the year in Mulhouse is . The month with the most precipitation on average is June with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is January with an average of .


title: Mulhouse

text: The average temperature for the year in Mulhouse is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .


title: Mulhouse

text: Mulhouse forms, together with 19 other "communes", the urban area of Mulhouse with a population of 246,693 inhabitants (2014) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Mulhouse, formed by 60 "communes" with a population of 285,603 inhabitants and an area of .


title: Mulhouse

text: Mulhouse is a subprefecture of the Haut-Rhin department since 1857. It is the capital of the Mulhouse "arrondissement" and is also the administrative centre () of 3 cantons:


title: Białystok

text: Białystok is the largest city in northeastern Poland and is the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is in the Podlaskie Plain on the banks of the Biała River in the Podlaskie region, known collectively as the "Green Lungs of Poland".


title: Białystok

text: The city charter dates back to 1692, but settlement activity in the area dates back to the 14th century. Białystok has traditionally been one of the leading center of academic, cultural and artistic life in Podlaskie and is the most important economic center in northeastern Poland. The location of the city in the neighborhood of Belarus, Lithuania and Russia, with convenient transportation connections, creates excellent conditions for economic and cultural development of the city. The geographical and historical conditions helped to foster Białystok as a place where people of different cultures, religions and nationalities lived together for centuries. It has shaped the specific character of the city – openness, friendliness and hospitality.


title: Białystok

text: Among cities of Poland, Białystok is second in terms of population density, eleventh in population, and thirteenth in area. The city and its adjacent municipalities constitute Metropolitan Białystok.


title: Białystok

text: The city of Białystok has existed for five centuries. During all this time the fate of the city has passed between various political and economic forces. The various historically driven changes have had a very significant influence on the architectural space of the city. This activity relates to the fate of most other Polish cities, but the processes in Białystok had a particularly intense course. Numerous historic works of architecture no longer exist while many others have been rebuilt to their original configuration. The historic buildings of the city have not been preserved very well – the sights are merely an echo of the old historical shape of Białystok.


title: Białystok

text: Over the course of the last 200 years, the city has been the capital of numerous administrative divisions of a number of countries or occupying powers;


title: Białystok

text: Białystok is in the Białystok Uplands () of the Podlaskie Plain (), part of what is known collectively as the "Green Lungs of Poland". The Biała River, a left tributary of the Supraśl River, passes through the city.


title: Białystok

text: The landscape of the Białystok Upland is diverse, with high moraine hills in excess of above sea level. Vast areas of outwash are occupied by forests, which created a number of nature reserves including Knyszyn Forest, of which a portion exists within the city limits.


title: Białystok

text: The city has a Warm Summer Continental climate (Dfb) according to the Köppen climate classification system, which is characterized by warm temperatures during summer and long and frosty winters. It is substantially different from most of the other Polish lowlands. The region is one of the coldest in Poland, with the average temperature in January being . The average temperature in a year is . The number of frost days ranges from 50 to 60, with frost from 110 to 138 days and the duration of snow cover from 90 to 110 days. Mean annual rainfall values oscillate around , and the vegetation period lasts 200 to 210 days.


title: Białystok

text: The city of Białystok is divided into 28 administrative units (Osiedla). The first 27 of these were created on October 25, 2004. The 28th, Dojlidy Górne, was created on October 23, 2006, out of three settlements which had been incorporated into the city: Dojlidy Górne, Kolonia Halickie, and Zagórki.


title: Białystok

text: Metropolitan Białystok was designated by the Voivodeship of the Regulation No. 52/05 of 16 May 2005 in order to help economically develop the region. In 2006, the metropolitan area population was 450,254 inhabitants. It covers an area of . For one km, there are about 265 people. Among urban residents are more women – 100 men for every 108 women on average. The municipalities adjacent to Białystok are slowly losing their agricultural character, becoming residential suburban neighborhoods.


title: Białystok

text: In June 2009, the population of the city was 294,399. Among cities of Poland, Białystok is second in terms of population density, eleventh in population, and thirteenth in area.


title: Białystok

text: Historically, Białystok has been a destination for internal and foreign immigration, especially from Central and Eastern Europe. In addition to the Polish minority, there was a significant Jewish majority in Białystok. According to the Russian Empire Census of 1897, out of the total population of 66,000, Jews constituted 41,900 (around 63% percent). Białystok's pre-World War II Jewish population constituted about 63 percent of the city's total population of 107,000. World War II changed all of this. In 1939 ca. 107,000 persons lived in Białystok, but in 1946 – only 56,759, and to this day there is much less ethnic diversity than in the previous 300 years of the city's history. Currently the city's population is 97% Polish, 2.5% Belarusian and 0.5% of a number of minorities including Russians, Lipka Tartars, Ukrainians and Romani. Most of the modern-day population growth is based on internal migration and urbanization.


title: Białystok

text: Białystok, like other major cities in Poland, is a city county ("powiat"). The Białystok City Council has 28 elected members, one of whom is the mayor, or President of Białystok, elected every four years. The election of the City Council and of the local head of government, which takes place at the same time, is based on legislation introduced on 20 June 2002. The current President of Białystok, elected for his first term in 2006, is Tadeusz Truskolaski.


title: Białystok

text: It is also the seat of government for the Podlaskie Voivodeship. The city is represented by several members of both houses of the Polish Parliament (Sejm and Senat). Białystok is represented by the Podlaskie and Warmian-Masurian constituency of the European Parliament.


title: Białystok

text: The 18th Reconnaissance Regiment of the Polish Land Forces is based in Białystok. The heritage of the unit was the former 18th Territorial Defense Battalion and prior to that the former 18th Mechanized Brigade.


title: Białystok

text: The Podlaska Cavalry Brigade was a military unit of the Polish Army, created on April 1, 1937. Its headquarters was in Białystok. It was formed from the Cavalry Brigade "Białystok", which existed between February 1929, and March 30, 1937. After the Soviet invasion of Poland, remnants of the Brigade fought both Wehrmacht and Red Army troops, surrendering on October 6, 1939.


title: Białystok

text: In the 19th century Białystok was an important center for light industry. This was the reason for the substantial growth of the city's population. The tradition continued with many garment factories established in the 20th century, such as "Fasty" in the district of Bacieczki. However, after the fall of communism in 1989 many of these factories faced severe problems and subsequently closed down. Currently Białystok is a major center for the developed machine industry (electronics, machinery and metal), wood, alcoholic beverages, building materials, glass factory and power generation.


title: Białystok

text: The city lies close to the Polish border with Lithuania and Belarus, with the nearest border checkpoint with Belarus in Bobrowniki only away. Since the border with Belarus is also the eastern border of the European Union, as well as the Schengen Area, the city is a center for trade from countries to the east.


title: Białystok

text: In 2010, Białystok was on the short-list, but ultimately lost the competition to become a finalist for European Capital of Culture in 2016.


title: Białystok

text: Białystok is the largest cultural center in north-eastern Poland. Museums include the Historical Museum, the Museum of Sculpture Alfons Karny, and the Białystok Village Museum.


title: Białystok

text: Approximately 32% of the city is occupied by green areas. Parks and squares and 1,779 ha of forest are located within the city which creates a unique and healthy climate. Within Białystok, there are two nature reserves with a total area of 105 ha, that are part of the Knyszyn Forest. Such a location of nature reserves in the immediate vicinity of the city is unique.


title: Białystok

text: The city has a number of sports teams, both professional and amateur, and a number of venues across the city. Jagiellonia Białystok is a Polish football club, based in Białystok, that plays in Ekstraklasa league at the Białystok City Stadium. In 2010, Jagiellonia Białystok won the Polish Cup and the Super Cup, and qualified to play in the third round qualification of the UEFA Europa League. A new 22,500 seat stadium is expected to be completed by the end of 2012.


title: Białystok

text: Białystok has a wide variety of media outlets serving the city and surrounding region. There are two locally published newspapers in addition to two national papers with local bureaus. There are a number of national and locally produced television and radio channels available both over-the-air from the nearby RTCN Białystok (Krynice) Mast, the seventh highest structure in Poland, in addition to transmitter sites within the city and on the cable television network within the city.


title: Białystok

text: In the early 1900s, Białystok was reputed to have the largest concentration of Jews of all the cities in the world. In 1931, 40,000 Jews lived in the city, nearly half the city's inhabitants.


title: Białystok

text: The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Białystok. Establishment of the Diocese and the Archdiocese and the cities of Białystok ended the period of the temporary church administration in the Białystok region owned lands over the centuries to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vilnius, which after World War II remained in the Polish borders. The city is also the seat of the Białystok-Gdańsk Diocese of the Polish Orthodox Church. Białystok is the largest concentration of Orthodox believers in Poland.


title: Białystok

text: The city is, and has been for centuries, the main hub of transportation for the Podlaskie Voivodeship and the entire northeastern section of Poland. It is a major city on the European Union roadways and railways to the Baltic Republics and Finland. It is also a main gateway of trade with Belarus due to its proximity to the border and its current and longstanding relationship with Hrodno, Belarus. Passenger trains connect from Suvalki (Poland), Hrodno and Lithuania to Warsaw and the rest of the European passenger network. An extensive public transportation system is provided within the city by three bus services, but no tram or subway exists.


title: Białystok

text: A civil airport, Białystok-Krywlany Airport, lies within the city limits, but does not provide regularly scheduled service. There are plans to build a new regional airport, "Białystok-Saniki Airport", in the next few years that will provide flights within Europe.


title: Białystok

text: Higher education in the city can be traced back to the second half of the 18th century when the ownership of the city was inherited by Jan Klemens Branicki. As a patron of the arts and sciences, Branicki encouraged numerous artists and scientists to settle in Białystok to take advantage of Branicki's patronage. In 1745 Branicki established Poland's first military college, the School of Civil and Military Engineering, in the city.


title: Białystok

text: Since the fall of communism many private-funded institutions of higher educations were founded and their number is still increasing. Currently Białystok is home to one principal public university (University of Białystok) and two other public specialist universities (Białystok Technical University and Medical University of Białystok). Some institutions, such as Musical Academy in Białystok, are branches of their parent institutions in other cities, usually in Warsaw.


title: Białystok

text: Over the centuries Białystok has produced a number of persons who have provided unique contributions to the fields of science, language, politics, religion, sports, visual arts and performing arts. This environment was created in the mid-18th century by the patronage of Jan Klemens Branicki for the arts and sciences. A list of recent notable persons includes, but is not limited to:


title: Japanese people

text: Japanese people are a ethnic group and nation native to Japan. They are ethnically closely akin to other peoples of eastern Asia.


title: Rum

text: Rum is an alcoholic spirit. It is made from molasses and other sugarcane by-products through fermentation and distillation. Rum is mostly made in or around the Caribbean. Rum is also made in other parts of the world, like Fiji or Australia.


title: Patrick White

text: Patrick Victor Martindale White (28 May 1912 – 30 September 1990), was an Australian author. He is an important English-language novelist of the 20th century. From 1935 until his death, he published 12 novels, two short-story collections and eight plays.


title: Patrick White

text: White's fiction uses humour, ornate prose, shifting narrative vantage points and a stream of consciousness technique. In 1973, he got the Nobel Prize in Literature. He was the only Australian citizen with the prize until the South African-born J. M. Coetzee became an Australian citizen in 2006. His novel "The Vivisector" was close to winning the Lost Man Booker Prize in 2010.


title: Patrick White

text: Patrick White and Christina Stead are widely called the most important Australian novelists of the 20th century.


title: Jan Hus

text: Jan Hus, or John Huss (c.1370 - 6 July 1415) was born in Husinec, Bohemia (now Czech Republic). He was a Bohemian religious thinker and reformer. He started a religious movement that was strongly influenced by the beliefs of British scholar, John Wycliffe.


title: Jan Hus

text: Hus studied at the University of Prague. In about 1400, he became a Catholic priest, and was soon accepted a position of preaching in Czech, the language spoken in Bohemia. While preaching, he studied Wycliffe’s writings, and came to like them, especially because of how authentic and real they were.


title: Jan Hus

text: In 1403, Hus asked the church to undo the ban on Wycliffe's writings, and translated them into Czech. The church, led by archbishop Zbynek Zajíc, had different beliefs. In 1410, Zajíc ordered that Hus’ writings be burned and Hus and his followers, the Hussites be forced out of the church. Hus was excommunicated in 1411, condemned by the Council of Constance, and burned at the stake on 6 July 1415, in Konstanz, Germany.


title: Jan Hus

text: When Hus was killed his followers revolted and fought against the Catholics until they were defeated in 1431.


title: José de San Martín

text: José de San Martín (25 February 177817 August 1850) was an Argentine general and politician. He was born in Yapeyú, Corrientes, Spain. He liberated Argentina, Peru and Chile from Spain. In 1817, he crossed the Andes from Mendoza to Chile. Together with Simón Bolívar, San Martín is called one of the Liberators of South America.


title: Alphabet Inc.

text: Alphabet is an American company based in California. It holds Google and 12 other projects. The CEO is Sundar Pichai.


title: Alphabet Inc.

text: Alphabet was founded as a Google parent holding company on August 10, 2015. It included 9 businesses.


title: Alphabet Inc.

text: In October 2020, the United States Government Department of Justice filed a Anti-Trust Lawsuit against Alphabet Inc over Googles monopoly on Search.


title: The Hunchback of Notre Dame

text: The Hunchback of Notre Dame (, "Our Lady of Paris") is a 1831 French novel written by Victor Hugo. It is set in 1482 Paris. The story is about a Gypsy (Esmeralda), a bell-ringer in the cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris (Quasimodo) and the archdeacon (Claude Frollo).


title: Kung-fu

text: Kung-fu or gongfu or gung fu () is a term often used by speakers of the English language to refer to Chinese martial arts. It is the art of self-defence and fighting, including without any weapons, as developed in ancient China.


title: Bartolomé de Las Casas

text: Bartolomé de Las Casas (1484 – 1566), known as the "Apostle of the Indies", was a 16th century Spanish priest and writer, and the first Bishop of Chiapas, Mexico. Las Casas was the Dominican priest who condemned the treatment of Indians in the Spanish empire. His widely disseminated 'History of the Indies' helped to establish the Black Legend of Spanish cruelty.


title: Bartolomé de Las Casas

text: Bartolome de Las Casas was born in Seville, Spain in 1484. He was there when Christopher Columbus went to Seville in 1493 after Columbus' first trip to the Americas. His father, Pedro de las Casas, and his uncle went to the Americas in the second voyage of Columbus that left in November 1493.


title: Bartolomé de Las Casas

text: With his father, he went to the Caribbean island of Hispaniola in 1502 together with Nicolás de Ovando, the new governor of the island. In 1506 he went to Rome, Italy, where he became a Catholic priest.


title: Bartolomé de Las Casas

text: He went back to Hispaniola in 1508 and moved to Concepción de la Vega, in the Cibao valley, and got an encomienda (land with the indigenous people living there). Then he went in 1513 to Cuba and the governor Diego Velázquez gave him an "encomienda". But soon Las Casas began to understand that the native people (Taínos in Cuba and Hispaniola) were treated as slaves in a very bad way, and he began to defend the native people.


title: Bartolomé de Las Casas

text: In 1515 he went to Hispaniola, and from there to Spain to defend the native people of the Americas. From 1517 to 1523, and with the title "Protector of the Indians", he tried to develop a model settlement in northern Venezuela to protect the native people but the experiment failed. From there, he went to Hispaniola, joining the Dominican Order (an order of Catholic priests) in 1523.


title: Bartolomé de Las Casas

text: He stayed in the city of Santo Domingo until 1527 when he was sent to Puerto Plata, on the northern coast, to found a new religious community and where he began to write his "History of the Indies".


title: Bartolomé de Las Casas

text: He became Bishop of Chiapas, Mexico, from 1544 to 1547. He wrote a book about the abuse of Indians called "A short account of the destruction of the Indies". The book was finished in 1542 but it was not released as a book until 1552. It is his most famous book. He went to Spain and he stayed here until he died in 17 July 1566 in Madrid.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: The Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting was a school shooting which happened in Connecticut, United States on December 14, 2012. Twenty-eight people were killed in the shooting, including many children and teachers and the perpetrator's mother at home.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: The shooter was Adam Lanza. He shot and killed his mother. He then went to Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, and killed twenty children and six staff members as well as injuring two others. He committed suicide before he could be arrested by the Connecticut State Police.


title: Pointer (computer programming)

text: In computer science, a pointer is a variable whose value is a location in the computer's memory. If Rick stands in a room and points to his friend Sally, then Rick is a pointer whose value is Sally's location. A programmer must "dereference" the pointer to retrieve the object it points to. Pointers do not take up much memory (RAM). Copying a pointer to a large object is faster than copying the large object itself because only the location needs to be copied, instead of the whole object.


title: Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah

text: Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah ( "Nawaf al-Ahmad al-Jābir as-Sabāh", born 25 June 1937) is the Emir of Kuwait following the death of Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber on 29 September 2020. He was the Deputy Commander of the Military of Kuwait.


title: Pointer (computer programming)

text: Pointers are used in linked lists. Each record of a linked list has a pointer to the next record. These pointers chain the records together. This means that the records in a linked list can be sorted and arranged by changing their pointers.


title: Federalist Party

text: The Federalist Party (or Federal Party) was an American political party from 1792 to 1816. The Federalists controlled the federal government until 1801. Alexander Hamilton formed the party during George Washington's first term. Hamilton built a network of supporters for his financial policies. Many supporters came from cities. These supporters grew into the Federalist Party, which wanted a fiscally sound and strong nationalistic government.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: Thomas Matthew DeLonge, Jr. (born December 13, 1975) is an American musician. He was the guitarist of Pop-punk band blink-182, until their break up in 2005. He also took a part in a project called Box Car Racer. He plays and records with Angels & Airwaves, his new band that he started after blink-182's break up. In 2009, blink-182 reunited, and they released a new album in September 2011, titled Neighborhoods. In 2012, blink-182 toured Australia for the first time since 2004.


title: Federalist Party

text: With the start of the new government under the Constitution, President George Washington appointed his former chief of staff, Alexander Hamilton, to the office of Secretary of the Treasury. Hamilton wanted a strong national government with financial credibility.


title: Federalist Party

text: By 1790, Hamilton started building a nationwide coalition. He and his network of treasury agents tried to link together friends of the government, especially merchants and bankers, in the new nation's dozen major cities. His attempts to manage politics in the national capital to get his plans through Congress, then, "brought strong responses across the country. In the process, what began as a capital faction soon assumed status as a national faction and then, finally, as the new Federalist party."


title: Federalist Party

text: Hamilton and others published a number of newspaper articles from about 1790, which are known as Federalist Papers today.


title: Izanagi

text: He and his wife Izanami created many islands, deities, and forefathers of Japan. When Izanami died while giving birth to a child, Izanagi tried (but failed) to retrieve her from Yomi (the underworld). In the cleansing rite after his return, he created Amaterasu (the sun goddess) from his left eye, Tsukuyomi (the moon god) from his right eye, and Susanoo (tempest or storm god) from his nose.


title: The Miz

text: Michael Greg "Mike" Mizanin (born October 8, 1980), is an American professional wrestler, reality television star, and actor. He currently competes for the WWE, where he wrestles under the ring name The Miz, where he is the current WWE Intercontinental Champion in his seventh reign. Before joining the WWE, The Miz was a cast member on MTV's and its spinoff series, Real World/Road Rules Challenge. He was also the first runner-up during the fourth season of WWE's Tough Enough.


title: Izanagi

text: When Izanagi looks at his wife in Yomi, he sees her monstrous and hellish state and she is ashamed and angry. She chases him in order to kill him. She fails, but promises to kill a thousand of his people every day. Izanagi says that he will create a thousand and five hundred every day.


title: The Miz

text: The Miz is a one-time WWE Champion, seven-time Intercontinental Champion, two-time United States Champion, three-time WWE Tag Team Champion with John Morrison, Big Show, and John Cena, two-time World Tag Team Champion with John Morrison and Big Show, Raw's Mr. Money in the Bank in 2010, two-time Slammy Award winner and the 25th Triple Crown Champion.


title: LazyTown

text: LazyTown (Icelandic: "Latibær") is an Canadian children's television musical series. The series is educational and teaches children to be healthy and exercise. The program was created Magnús Scheving, an aerobics champion who also plays the character Sportacus, and it is based upon his Icelandic stage plays. The series has won multiple awards.


title: LazyTown

text: The show features live-action characters and puppet characters set in a colorful town called LazyTown. At the start of the series, the town's citizens are very lazy, but the mayor's niece, Stephanie, arrives to change that. She is aided by an athletic superhero named Sportacus, who teaches the children of the town to eat healthy food and exercise each day. However, their fun is often stopped by the town's laziest man, Robbie Rotten, who spends large amounts of time attempting to make the children lazy again and trying to remove Sportacus and Stephanie from the town, usually by dressing up in disguises to fool the children. Robbie's plans often fail. The show's episodes often involve an educational or important message for viewers, and songs or dance numbers performed by the characters, usually Stephanie being the lead singer or dancer.


title: Regime

text: There are many kinds of regimes. They can achieve power in many ways. Depending on the time and place and local civics like the electoral system, they can lose power in many ways too. The most common way for a regime to lose power was a coup, invasion or revolution until the 20th century. After that it became very dangerous and difficult to use these methods. Peaceful regime change is usually by an election - this method is now used by more than half the people on the Earth. It is called representative democracy. Such regimes are often called administrations to make it clear they are not dictators, and since the executive branch does not have all the power itself - it may share it with a legislative branch. Also the judicial branch is separate. The courts are not usually considered part of the regime.


title: Regime

text: When many regimes negotiate at the United Nations or World Trade Organization, it does not matter at all how each regime got its power. It matters only that they can agree and make everyone in their country do as the agreement says.


title: Regime

text: When someone wants a regime to change in another country, they usually are not able to do this by any means other than violence or interfering in its election. This is common if a regime is threatened by another regime.


title: Main battle tank

text: A main battle tank (MBT), also called a battle tank, is a tank that is used as the most powerful combat vehicle in modern armies. They were made to replace the light, medium and heavy tanks used in World War II with just one tank. Lighter armor made it easier to put bigger guns on tanks without adding weight. Light tanks are still used in places where heavy ones cannot go.


title: Main battle tank

text: MBT's are the main force in ground fights but get help from other combat vehicles and soldiers who travel in infantry combat vehicles. They also get help from observation or attack aircraft.


title: Main battle tank

text: Medium tanks were the earliest MBTs. MBTs started replacing medium tanks when guns on medium tanks became powerful enough to win against heavy tanks. Heavy tanks could not carry armor strong enough to win against medium tanks.


title: Main battle tank

text: The nuclear weapon threat and other anti-tank weapons in the Cold War made countries add more protection to survive in all types of combat. Weapon designers made powerful cannons to defeat the armor.


title: Main battle tank

text: The British Centurion is generally considered to have been the world’s first main battle tank, although the term was not popularised until long after it entered service. The British followed this up with the Chieftain main battle tank, which entered service in 1966. The first Soviet main battle tank was the T-64 and the first American MBT was the M60 Patton. By the late 1970s, MBT's were manufactured by France, West Germany, Britain, India, Japan, the USSR, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.


title: Main battle tank

text: The Soviet Union made MBTs very quickly because it needed them for their type of war. The Soviet Union improved the cannon by replacing the loader crewman with an automatic autoloader. This made the turret smaller which also makes the tank harder to see or hit The Soviet Union made missiles that could be shot much farther than other ammunition.


title: Main battle tank

text: After the Cold War, American tanks quickly defeated Iraqi tanks in the Gulf War. The American MBTs were still not as good as attack helicopters at destroying Iraqi tanks. Some people said that the MBTs could not stop an enemy force from attacking.


title: Bath Abbey

text: the Abbey Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Bath. It was founded in the 7th century, reorganised in the 10th century, and rebuilt in the 12th and 16th centuries. It is one of the finest and largest examples of Gothic architecture (Perpendicular style) in the West of England.


title: Dio Brando

text: Dio Brando or DIO is a recurring character and main antagonist in the manga and anime series "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure". After killing his father, he was adopted into the Joestar family, where he lived with his newfound adoptive brother, Jonathan Joestar.


title: Dio Brando

text: In Phantom Blood, after killing his father, Dario, he is adopted by the english nobleman Lord Joestar. He became the brother of Jonathan Joestar, nicknamed "JoJo".


title: Dio Brando

text: His first goal is to make the life of his adoptive brother terrible, killing his pet dog Danny,and kissing his girlfriend Erina Pendelton.


title: Dio Brando

text: During Phantom Blood he discovers the hidden power of the stone mask, a mysterious object from Mexico. Meanwhile, he is slowly killing his adoptive father. Later on, his plan is discovered by Jonathan. Three days later, Dio kills Lord Joestar, puts on the stone mask, and becomes a vampire.


title: Dio Brando

text: After this event, Dio founded an army of zombies and chimera creatures, only to be later defeated by Jonathan Joestar with the power of Hamon.


title: Dio Brando

text: He reappears in part three as DIO and uses his stand, The World, which can stop time and has high speed.


title: Richard Williams (tennis coach)

text: Richard Dove Williams Jr. (born February 14, 1942) is an American tennis coach. He is the father of Venus and Serena Williams. He was born in Shreveport, Louisiana.


title: Vice President of Nigeria

text: The Vice President of Nigeria is the second-in-command to the President of Nigeria in the Government of Nigeria. Officially styled Vice President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the vice president is elected alongside the president in national elections. The office is currently held by Yemi Osinbajo.


title: Vice President of Nigeria

text: A person shall be eligible for the office of vice president if he or she is a citizen of Nigeria by birth, at least 40 years of age, is a member of a political party and is sponsored by that political party


title: Vice President of Nigeria

text: The executive functions of the Nigerian vice president includes participation in all cabinet meetings and, by statute, membership in the National Security Council, the National Defence Council, Federal Executive Council, and the Chairman of National Economic Council. Although the vice president may take an active role in establishing policy in the Executive Branch by serving on such committees and councils, the relative power of the Nigerian vice president's office depends upon the duties delegated by the president.


title: Vice President of Nigeria

text: Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu orchestrated the bloody military coup d'état of 1966 which overthrew the First Republic, parliamentary system of government was abolished and the office of the Vice President was established with Babafemi Ogundipe becoming the first Vice President as Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters.


title: Vice President of Nigeria

text: Under the 1979 Constitution, the second constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the President was both head of state and government. The president along with the vice president were elected for a four-year term. In the event of a vacancy, the Vice President would have served as acting president.


title: Vice President of Nigeria

text: Major-General Muhammadu Buhari was made military head of state following the coup d'ètat of 1983, which overthrew the Second Republic, Major General Tunde Idiagbon became the Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters.


title: Vice President of Nigeria

text: Chief Ernest Shonekan was made interim head of state of Nigeria following the crisis of the Third Republic.


title: Vice President of Nigeria

text: General Sani Abacha led the palace coup d'ètat of 1993 which overthrew the Interim National Government.


title: Vice President of Nigeria

text: Under the fourth Constitution of the Republic of Nigeria, the president is head of both state and government. The president is elected by for a four-year term. In the event of a vacancy the Vice President serves as acting president.


title: Ghosts (board game)

text: Ghosts (Finnish: Kummituspeli, Swedish: Spökspelet) is a board game designed by Alex Randolph for two players, released in 1982 by Milton Bradley.


title: Leloaloa

text: Leloaloa is a village in Maoputasi County, Tutuila Island, American Samoa. As of the 2010 U.S. census, the village had a population of 448.


title: Ghosts (board game)

text: The game takes place on a 6×6 board representing a haunted castle. Both players are given eight ghosts, of which four are good (marked by a blue dot) and four are evil (marked by a red dot). The ghosts are assembled in two rows of four at the player's own edge of the board. At each of the four corners is an exit from the castle.


title: Leloaloa

text: Leloaloa is the birthplace of member of the United States House of Representatives and 2020 Democratic presidential candidate Tulsi Gabbard.