title: Pen y Fan

text: The mountain and surrounding area are owned by the National Trust whose work parties attempt to combat the erosion caused by the passage of thousands of feet up and down this most popular of South Wales' peaks. The mountain is used by the military as part of the selection process of the UK's Special Forces personnel. Three soldiers who died after collapsing in the field in July 2013 were believed to have been climbing the mountain (see "Fan Dance") while undergoing Special Air Service selection.


title: Blossom (TV series)

text: Blossom was an American television situation comedy that aired on NBC from January 1991 to May 1995. The main stars were Mayim Bialik and Joey Lawrence. Bialik played Blossom Russo, a teenage girl living with her father and two brothers after her mother left to pursue her own career.


title: Olamide

text: Olamide Gbenga Adedeji (born 15 March 1989), known professionally as Olamide (and also Olamide Baddo BaddoSneh or simply Baddo) is a Nigerian hip hop recording artist. He records in Yoruba and English language. In 2011, he released his debut studio album "Rapsodi" while signed to Coded Tunes. "YBNL", his follow-up album, was released under his label imprint YBNL Nation. The album was supported by the singles "First of All", "Voice of the Street", "Stupid Love", and "Ilefo Illuminati". On 7 November 2013, he released his third studio album "Baddest Guy Ever Liveth". The album's singles include "Durosoke" and "Yemi My Lover". On 17 July 2013, Olamide became the first Nigerian to sign an endorsement deal with Cîroc.


title: Brain injury

text: Brain injury means that the brain has been hurt in some way. Many different things can hurt the brain. For example, brain injuries can happen before a baby is even born. These are called congenital brain injuries.


title: Brain injury

text: A physical injury (trauma) can also hurt the brain (for example, if a person hits their head in a car accident). These types of brain injuries are called traumatic brain injuries.


title: Brain injury

text: Many medical problems can also injure the brain. For example, the brain can get injured if it does not get enough oxygen (for example, during a stroke).


title: Brain injury

text: All brain injuries are different. Some are mild (not very bad); some are severe (very bad). Some are temporary (they get better); some get better slowly over time; and some never get better. Also, since the brain controls every part of the body, the symptoms of brain injury can be very different for different people. This depends partly on what part of the brain was injured, and how badly.


title: Brain injury

text: Congenital brain injuries are caused by something that damages a fetus's brain during a woman's pregnancy.


title: Brain injury

text: Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are caused by a physical injury to the brain. They can happen when the head suddenly hits an object very hard, like in a car accident. They can also happen when something - like a bullet or knife - goes through the head and into the brain.


title: Brain injury

text: Traumatic brain injury is one of the most common causes of disability everywhere in the world. It is more common in developing countries. All over the world, about 10 million people are affected by TBI every year.


title: Brain injury

text: War and violence are often much more common causes of TBI in certain parts of the world. In the past, these places have included Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East.


title: Brain injury

text: Traumatic brain injury has become one of the most common types of injuries in soldiers serving in Iraq and Afghanistan. The United States Department of Defense says that 22% of all injuries from these wars are traumatic brain injuries.


title: Brain injury

text: Some traumatic brain injuries are mild and can get better with time, like a concussion. Others are more serious, especially if they cause bleeding or swelling in the brain.


title: Brain injury

text: Another major type of brain injury is a hypoxic brain injury. This happens when the brain does not get enough oxygen. This can happen for many reasons, like:


title: Brain injury

text: A "diffuse" injury hurts the entire brain. For example, if a person is drowning, and cannot breathe, no part of their brain will get oxygen. If this lasts long enough, the entire brain will be injured by not having enough oxygen.


title: Brain injury

text: A "focal" injury hurts just part of the brain. For example, in some strokes, a person has a blood clot that blocks the blood flow to just part of their brain. If the person gets good medical treatment, just that part of their brain may be injured.


title: Brain injury

text: This is important because different parts of the brain control different things. When a person has a focal brain injury, their symptoms will depend on what part of the brain was injured. For example, if a part of the brain that controls speech was injured, the person may have trouble speaking.


title: Brain injury

text: For example, brain injuries can cause changes or problems in a person's thinking, senses, feelings, or ability to move. However, some people might have mild problems in these areas, while other people might have more serious problems:


title: Rob Burrow

text: Robert Geoffrey Burrow (born 26 September 1982) is an English former professional rugby league footballer. He spent 16 years playing for the Leeds Rhinos in the Super League, before retiring in 2017.


title: Rob Burrow

text: He also played for England and Great Britain. Burrow was known for many years as "the smallest player in Super League". He won a total of 8 Super League championships, two Challenge Cups, been named to the Super League Dream Team on three occasions and won the Harry Sunderland Trophy twice.


title: Guillermo Rodriguez (comedian)

text: Guillermo Díaz Rodriguez (born January 27, 1971), widely known as Guillermo, is a talk show personality who rose to fame while working as a parking lot security guard at the Hollywood Blvd studios for "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", with Jimmy Kimmel.


title: Nyanzapithecus alesi

text: Nyanzapithecus alesi was an ape that lived thirteen million years ago in Africa. A complete skull of an infant was recovered and reported in 2017.


title: Meitei architecture

text: "Meitei architecture" or "Manipuri architecture" is the architecture, produced by the Meitei ethnicity in Ancient Manipur from the middle of the fifteenth century BC.


title: Meitei architecture

text: The major architectural designs and styles include traditional Meitei Yumjao (lit. Large House), Sanglen (lit. Public House) and others.


title: Killing of Percy Lapid

text: On October 3, 2022, Percy Lapid, a radio journalist and radio broadcaster, was shot dead while on his way home in Las Piñas, Metro Manila, Philippines.


title: Killing of Percy Lapid

text: On October 3, 2022, Percy Lapid is a radio broadcaster and radio journalist, was found with a gunshot wound in head on his home in Las Piñas, Metro Manila, Philippines.


title: Killing of Percy Lapid

text: Percival Carag Mabasa (March 14, 1959 – October 3, 2022), also known as Percy Lapid is a professionally Filipino journalists and radio journalists, He is on set in the radio program Lapid Fire at DWBL.


title: Killing of Percy Lapid

text: Lapid was killed on 3, October 2022 at around 8:30 pm (UTC+8) while he was returning home while he was returning home, The two motorcycle riders got off near Lapid's car and they shot him inside the car.


title: Rupert Penry-Jones

text: Rupert William Penry-Jones (born 22 September 1970) is a British actor. He is known for his roles as Adam Carter in "Spooks", Clive Reader in "Silk", Joseph Chandler in "Whitechapel", and Mr Quinlan in the American horror series "The Strain". He played Mayor Don Mitchell in the 2022 DC Comics movie "The Batman".


title: Russian cruiser Moskva

text: Moskva (), formerly Slava (), was a guided missile cruiser of the Russian Navy. She was named after the city of Moscow. She was the flagship of the Russian Black Sea Fleet and had led Russia's naval assault on Ukraine. It had a crew of 510.


title: Russian cruiser Moskva

text: On 13 April 2022, two Ukrainian officials said that "Moskva" had been hit by Ukrainian anti-ship missiles and exploded. The Russian Ministry of Defense said the ship was seriously damaged after a fire caused a munitions explosion. The next day, the ship had sunk.


title: Greta Garbo

text: Greta Garbo (born Greta Lovisa Gustafsson; 18 September 1905 – 15 April 1990) was a Swedish-American actress.


title: Greta Garbo

text: Greta Gustafson was born in Stockholm, she studied at the Royal School of Dramatic Art in her native city, while working as a fashion model. She became a star in Sweden when Mauritz Stiller cast her in the 1924 silent movie "The Atonement of Gösta Berling".


title: Greta Garbo

text: Soon after, she came to the attention of Louis B. Mayer and went to Hollywood in 1925. Soon, she established herself as one of the world's most popular movie stars.


title: Greta Garbo

text: Some of her most notable movies include; "Mata Hari" (1931), "Queen Christina" (1933), "Camille" (1936), "Conquest" (1937) and "Ninotchka" (1939).


title: Greta Garbo

text: She retired from movies in 1941 and became an American citizen on 9 February 1951. In 1984 she had breast cancer. She lived as a semi-recluse in New York City until her death (April 15; 1990) there from renal failure and pneumonia.


title: Leviathan

text: Leviathan (, "twisted, coiled"), is a monster mentioned in the Bible. In Satanism Leviathan is believed to be one of the princes of Hell. The word has become synonymous with any large sea monster or creature. In classical literature (such as the novel "Moby-Dick") it refers to great whales, and in Modern Hebrew, it means simply "whale."


title: Carlo Gesualdo

text: Carlo Gesualdo, known as Gesualdo da Venosa (born probably 8 March 1566; died 8 September 1613), Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza, was an Italian music composer, lutenist and murderer. He lived in the late part of the Renaissance period. He is famous for his beautifully expressive madrigals which are written in a very chromatic style (using lots of sharps and flats). He is also remembered for committing a horrible murder.


title: Carlo Gesualdo

text: Gesualdo came from an aristocratic family. He was probably born at Venosa, but we know hardly anything about his early life. We know that he was extremely interested in music when he was small and showed very little interest in anything else. He played the lute, harpsichord and guitar.


title: Carlo Gesualdo

text: In 1586 Gesualdo married his first cousin, Donna Maria d'Avalos, the daughter of the Marquis of Pescara. Two years later she began to have a love affair with Fabrizio Carafa, the Duke of Andria. For two years her husband knew nothing about her love affair. Then one day he returned unexpectedly to his palace (he may have suspected that something was happening) and found them making love. He murdered them both in their bed. He then left their bodies in front of the palace for everyone to see. In those days in Italy a nobleman could not be arrested and punished. However, someone might have wanted to kill him in revenge, so he ran away to the town of Gesualdo where he had a castle.


title: Carlo Gesualdo

text: A lot of people heard about the murders. Famous poets such as Tasso wrote poems about it. Nothing was done to arrest Gesualdo, however. Some people at the time said that he also murdered one of Maria’s babies because he thought he might not have been the father. Other people even said that he murdered his father-in-law when he came wanting to kill him in revenge, but we do not know whether this was true.


title: Carlo Gesualdo

text: In 1594 Gesualdo went to the town of Ferrara which was famous for music which was being composed by modern composers experimenting with new ideas. He spent two years there and composed his first book of madrigals. There he married another woman who was a niece of Duke Alfonso II d’Este. The couple moved back to Gesualdo in 1597.


title: Carlo Gesualdo

text: After returning to his castle at Gesualdo from Ferrara in 1597, he tried to make the town famous for music. He invited some of Italy’s most famous musicians to come and work for him. Since he was very rich he could afford to do this. However, the music making only took place in his castle (printing with Giovanni Giacomo Carlino). Gesualdo spent the last years of his life doing nothing except music. He hardly ever left his castle.


title: Carlo Gesualdo

text: Gesualdo’s new marriage was not a happy one. His wife said he was cruel and she tried to divorce him. She spent a lot of time away from the castle and wrote him angry letters.


title: Carlo Gesualdo

text: Late in life he suffered from depression and madness. We do not know whether this was because he felt bad about being a murderer, but he probably did feel guilty. He often made his servants hit him. He also wrote very strange letters to a cardinal asking him to send him some of his dead uncle’s skeleton because he thought these remains would make him better.


title: Carlo Gesualdo

text: Gesualdo died alone at his castle. The chapel where he was buried was destroyed by an earthquake in 1688. There is still a burial plaque in the rebuilt church.


title: Carlo Gesualdo

text: We think it is likely that Gesualdo felt terribly guilt all his life about the murders he had committed, and these guilty feelings can be heard in his music. The words of his madrigals are often very emotional: they are about "love", "pain", "death", "ecstasy", "agony". Of course, other madrigal composers used such words, but Gesualdo’s music is really extreme. It is often wildly chromatic. Other composers did not copy his style.


title: Carlo Gesualdo

text: He wrote both sacred (religious) and secular (non-religious) songs, and some music for instruments. His most famous compositions are his six published books of madrigals (between 1594 and 1611), as well as his "Tenebrae Responsories", which are very much like madrigals, except that they use texts from the Passion story about Christ’s death on the cross.


title: Cars 3

text: Cars 3 is a 2017 American movie. It was made by Pixar, directed by Brian Fee, and produced by Kevin Reher. It is the third movie in the "Cars" movie series. The movie was released by Walt Disney Pictures on June 10, 2017. In the "Cars" trilogy, "Cars 3" is the next movie after "Cars 2", which is a sequel to the original "Cars" movie.


title: Cars 3

text: Lightning McQueen faces Jackson Storm, his high-tech rival who uses technology to win. He then makes friends with Cruz Ramirez, who needs training in racing, and the two learn many tricks from Smokey, who once trained Doc Hudson (Lightning's trainer in the original "Cars" movie). Lightning and Cruz then go to Florida to use what they learned to beat Storm, and in the end, both of them win.


title: Logarithmic spiral

text: A logarithmic spiral, equiangular spiral or growth spiral is a special kind of spiral curve which often appears in nature. The logarithmic spiral was first described by Descartes and later extensively investigated by Jakob Bernoulli, who called it "Spira mirabilis", "the marvelous spiral".


title: Logarithmic spiral

text: The spiral has the property that the angle ɸ between the tangent and radial line at the point ("r",θ) is constant. This property can be expressed in differential geometric terms as


title: Logarithmic spiral

text: The derivative r'(θ) is proportional to the parameter "b". In other words, it controls how "tightly" and in which direction the spiral spirals. In the extreme case that "b" = 0 ("ɸ" = π/2) the spiral becomes a circle of radius "a". Conversely, in the limit that "b" approaches infinity ("ɸ" → 0) the spiral tends toward a straight line. The complement of ɸ is called the "pitch".


title: Logarithmic spiral

text: Spira mirabilis, Latin for "miraculous spiral", is another name for the logarithmic spiral. While this curve had already been named by other mathematicians, the name "miraculous" or "marvelous" spiral was given to this curve by Jakob Bernoulli, because he was fascinated by one of its unique mathematical properties: the size of the spiral increases, but the shape stays the same with each added curve. Maybe because of this property, the spira mirabilis has evolved in nature, seen in some living beings, such as nautilus shells and sunflower heads. Jakob Bernoulli wanted the shape on his headstone, but, by error, an Archimedean spiral was placed there instead.


title: Logarithmic spiral

text: The logarithmic spiral can be distinguished from the Archimedean spiral by the fact that the distances between the turnings of a logarithmic spiral increase in geometric progression, while in an Archimedean spiral these distances are constant.


title: Logarithmic spiral

text: Logarithmic spirals are self-similar in that they are self-congruent under all similarity transformations (scaling them gives the same result as rotating them). Scaling by a factor formula_6 gives the same as the original, without rotation. They are also congruent to their own involutes, evolutes, and the pedal curves based on their centers.


title: Logarithmic spiral

text: Starting at a point "P" and moving inwards along the spiral, one has to circle the origin infinitely often before reaching it; yet, the total distance covered on this path is finite. This was first realized by Evangelista Torricelli even before calculus had been invented. The total distance covered is "r"/cos(α), where "r" is the straight-line distance from "P" to the origin.


title: Logarithmic spiral

text: One can construct approximate logarithmic spirals with pitch about 17.03239 degrees using Fibonacci numbers or the golden ratio as is explained in those articles. Similarly, the exponential function exactly maps all lines not parallel with the real or imaginary axis in the complex plane, to all logarithmic spirals in the complex plane with centre at 0. (Up to adding integer multiples of 2π"i" to the lines, the mapping of all lines to all logarithmic spirals is onto.) The pitch angle of the logarithmic spiral is the angle between the line and the imaginary axis.


title: Logarithmic spiral

text: In several natural phenomena one may find curves that are close to being logarithmic spirals. Here follows some examples and reasons:


title: Tone

text: A musical tone is a repeating sound. Musical tones are different in duration, loudness, and timbre. The notes used in music can have many complex forms, such as short bursts, changes in pitch, and shifts in noise.


title: Tone

text: A simple tone, or pure tone, has a steady noise. A complex tone is a musical tone that is not steady. Simple tones are added together to make complex tones.


title: Hyundai Sonata

text: The Hyundai Sonata is a car produced by Hyundai since 1985. It is currently in its Fourth generation. It will be successed by the i45 in 2010.


title: Magi (manga)

text: Alibaba Saluja is the main character of "Magi." He is a “King Vessel”, a special human that was chosen by a Magi. He is a young man that wants to capture the dungeon in Qishan. After finding his life changing friend Aladdin, he uses this opportunity after watching Aladdin’s genie in action to go together and capture the dungeon.


title: Magi (manga)

text: Aladdin is a main character of "Magi." He is a “Magi”, a special magician who chooses kings. He is a strange boy who is a traveler and has a flute that has a djinn, or a genie that can be summoned upon blowing on it, along with a magical carpet which he can use to fly.


title: Magi (manga)

text: Morgiana is the heroine of "Magi." She is a part of Alibaba’s household, gaining some powers from the djinn Amon, which Alibaba has captured. She is a former slave that was tortured, but saved by Alibaba and Aladdin.


title: Magi (manga)

text: Sinbad is the main character of the spin off series "Adventure of Sinbad" and a special man. He is a first class singularity that captured seven dungeons meaning he has seven djinns.


title: Loyumba Shinyen

text: The Loyumba Shinyen (), also termed as the Loyamba Sinyen (), is an 11th-12th century written constitution, regulated in the Manipur kingdom during the regime of King Loyumba (1074 AD-1112 AD). A promulgation of the proto-constitution in 429 AD by King Naophangba was reduced to a final format in 1100 AD. Historically, it is the first written constitution, and one of the well recorded antique manuscripts of the kingdom. Its Constitutionalism was replaced by the Manipur State Constitution Act, 1947, that was functional until Manipur was merged into India on October 15, 1949.


title: Loyumba Shinyen

text: It includes the accounts of the distribution of the duties to the subjects of the king. Its rules and regulations remains to be an authoritative work in the Meitei social system till the present day Manipur.


title: Loyumba Shinyen

text: The following is the list of Meitei families who were given the duties of serving particular pantheons of gods and goddesses of the ancient Meitei religion.


title: Today (American TV program)

text: The Today Show is a morning talk/news show. It airs on National Broadcasting Company. As of 2016, the anchors were Savannah Guthrie. Natalie Morales reads the news and Al Roker forecasts the weather. Carson Daly contributes to the program on a regular basis as well.


title: Today (American TV program)

text: During the week, the flagship hours of Today (7:00 a.m. - 9:00 a.m.) are co-anchored by Savannah Guthrie (2012–present) alongside co-hosts Al Roker (weather anchor; 1996–present), Carson Daly (social media anchor/Orange Room anchor; 2013–present), Jenna Bush Hager (correspondent; 2009–present), and Natalie Morales (West Coast anchor/correspondent; 2011–present).


title: Today (American TV program)

text: The show also has a third and fourth hour. The third hour is hosted by Morales, Roker, Tamron Hall, and Willie Geist. The fourth hour is anchored by Kathie Lee Gifford.


title: Today (American TV program)

text: Craig Melvin & Willie Geist anchored the final edition of Today with with Savannah Guthrie and Hoda Kotb on August 30, 2019. That day's broadcast ended with one of Kotb's favorite pieces of music instead of the traditional theme music.


title: Today (American TV program)

text: Beginning on September 2, 2019, the broadcast was introduced simply as Today Show and it remained that way until January 2020.


title: Liège

text: Liège ( , , ; ; ; ; ) is a city in Belgium. It is the cultural centre of the Walloon region of Belgium and the capital of the province of Liège. Liège is also seat of a Roman Catholic bishop. In 2007, 188,907 people lived there.


title: Liège

text: The first written trace of the city was found in 558 as "Leodicum" or "Vicus Leodicus". From 717, Liege was made the seat of a bishopric and became a cultural centre in the Middle Ages. These bishops ruled the city as Prince-Bishops until the 1790s. In the French Revolution, the cathedral was damaged, partially burned down and then completely detroyed. In the 19th century, the city lived on coal-mining, steel industry and trade. The region was the second biggest economic center in Europe after the UK in the 19th century.


title: Liège

text: Today Liege is a major educational hub, with a university and many high schools. It is a crossing point in Europe, Liège has the second biggest inner harbour and the 8th biggest cargo airport in Europe (Liège Airport). The city, that had a lot of problems since the 1970s because of the end of the steel industry and coal-mining, is now having a good economy thanks to the logistics and high tech industry (biotechnology, space industry, IT).


title: Primorsky Krai

text: Primorsky Krai () is one of the 85 federal subjects (a krai) of Russia. It is in the Far East region of the country and is a part of the Far Eastern Federal District. The administrative center of the krai is the city of Vladivostok. As of the 2010 Census, 1,956,497 people lived there.


title: Seine-Maritime

text: Seine-Maritime is a department found in the northwest of France in the Normandy region. Its prefecture is Rouen. Its population is about 1,245,000 (2006 estimation). It is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French revolution.


title: Ille-et-Vilaine

text: Ille-et-Vilaine is a department found in the west of France in the Brittany region. Its prefecture is Rennes and its population is about 908,000 (2006 estimation). It is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French revolution.


title: Letter (paper)

text: A letter is a message in writing that is sent to others, often by post (mail). The sender addresses it to the intended reader. For example:


title: Peter Dinklage

text: Peter Hayden Dinklage (born June 11, 1969) is an American actor who starred in the Home Box Office television series "Game of Thrones". He also starred in other movies, including "Elf" (2003), "Penelope" (2006), "Death at a Funeral" (2010), and "" (2012). Dinklage was born in Morristown, New Jersey. He was born with achondroplasia, a form of dwarfism. He studied at Bennington College. In 2005, he married Erica Schmidt. They have one daughter. He is a Catholic. He is a vegetarian and a supporter of animal rights.


title: Lev Yashin

text: Lev Yashin (22 October 1929 – 20 March 1990) was a former Russian football player. He had played for Dynamo Moscow and Soviet Union national team. He is regarded as one of the greatest goalkeepers of all time, while some even considering him to be the greatest.


title: Sovereign Military Order of Malta

text: The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta (), also known as Order of Malta is a sovereign country in Rome, that has no territory. It was founded around 1048 in Jerusalem with the goal of giving medical care to anyone in need, regardless of religion or race.


title: Pope Alexander III

text: Pope Alexander III (; c. 1100 – 30 August 1181), born Orlando Bandinelli, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the 171st Pope. He was Pope from 1159 to 1181.


title: Sovereign Military Order of Malta

text: They originated in Jerusalem, and after being exiled from the city they moved to the Rhodes. After that to Malta, and then lastly the went to Rome and the Pope Paschal II declared them as an independent nation though they had no territory.


title: Pope Alexander III

text: Cardinal Bandinelli was elected pope on September 7, 1159; and he chose the name Alexander III. His papacy was disputed by Antipope Victor IV, Antipope Paschal III, Antipope Calixtus III and Antipope Innocent III.


title: Pope Alexander III

text: Alexander's support for Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, did not resolve conflicts with the Henry II of England. After Becket was murdered, Alexander canonized him.


title: Oligocene

text: The Oligocene is the last geological epoch in the Palaeogene. It lasted for about 11 million years, from 34 million years ago to 23 million years ago. It was preceded by the Eocene and followed by the Miocene. During the Oligocene, the world continued to get cooler from its peak in the mid-Eocene. The world was still largely forested, but grasslands began to spread. Ice formed in Antarctica. The period is seen as one of "transition", both in climate and in the biota.


title: Ghor Province

text: Ghōr (, (), also spelled Ghowr or Ghur, is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is in central Afghanistan, towards the northwest. The capital of Ghor is Chaghcharan.


title: Plauen

text: Plauen is the biggest city of the Vogtlandkreis in the southwest of Saxony. It is the fifth-largest city in the state. Only Leipzig, Dresden, Chemnitz and Zwickau are larger.


title: Annette Bening

text: Annette Bening (born May 29, 1958) is an American movie actress. She was born in Topeka, Kansas. She has been nominated four times for an Academy Award.


title: Plauen

text: Plauen was a "Kreisfreie stadt" until July 2008. Since 1. August 2008 Plauen ist Part of the Vogtlandkreis.


title: Annette Bening

text: Bening is a four-time Oscar nominee for her roles in "The Grifters", "American Beauty", "Being Julia", and "The Kids Are All Right", winning Golden Globe Awards for the latter two films. She won a BAFTA and a SAG award for her performance in "American Beauty".


title: Plauen

text: Plauen was already settled in the Bronze Age, but the first written record of the city was in 1122, when the oldest church (named "Johanniskirche") was build. About 1224 Plauen has get the Town privileges. 1632 a big part of the city was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War. Since about 1830 Plauen grow because of the textile-industry. In the Second World Warabout three quarters of the city was destroyed by the United States Army Air Force and the Royal Air Force.


title: Annette Bening

text: In 1995, Bening appeared in "The American President", playing Sydney Wade, a PR (public relations) consultant who dates the President, played by Michael Douglas.


title: Plauen

text: 1989 Plauen was the first city in the German Democratic Republic were happens a big demonstration against the Government. This leads to the Wende.


title: Annette Bening

text: From 1984 to 1991, Annette was married to J. Steven White. On March 3, 1992, she married Warren Beatty. They have four children.


title: Plauen

text: Plauen became a large city in 1904 when the population reached 100.000. In 1912 it reached its biggest ever population with 128.000.


title: Plauen

text: After the Second World War Germany was divided. Plauen was in the border area. Laws about living in the border areas of East Germany meant the population fell greatly.


title: Plauen

text: According to the statistics office of the Free State of Saxony, on 31 December 2009 Plauen's population was 66,412.


title: Royal Observatory, Greenwich

text: The Royal Observatory, Greenwich (Royal Greenwich Observatory or 'RGO') was commissioned in 1675 by King Charles II.


title: Royal Observatory, Greenwich

text: At this time the king also created the position of Astronomer Royal, for John Flamsteed, to beas the director of the observatory.


title: Royal Observatory, Greenwich

text: He was to "apply himself with the most exact care and diligence to the rectifying of the tables of the motions of the heavens, and the places of the fixed stars, so as to find out the so much desired longitude of places for the perfecting of the art of navigation".


title: Royal Observatory, Greenwich

text: The Greenwich Meridian runs through the site of the Observatory. It is the line at which the longitude is defined as 0°.


title: Karolinska Institutet

text: Karolinska Institutet (in English Karolinska Institute), and before 1968, the Royal Caroline Institute is one of Europe's biggest medical universities.


title: Karolinska Institutet

text: It was started in 1810 on Kungsholmen island on the west side of Stockholm. It later moved to Solna, just outside Stockholm, and a second campus has been built in Flemingsberg/Huddinge, south of Stockholm.


title: Karolinska Institutet

text: The Karolinska University Hospital, in Solna and Huddinge, is the university's research and teaching hospital. It is one of Sweden's largest centres for training and research, with 30 percent of the medical training and 40 percent of the medical academic research. While most of the medical programs are taught in Swedish, most of the Ph.D. programs are taught in English.


title: Karolinska Institutet

text: The institute is a member of the League of European Research Universities. In the 2009 Academic Ranking of World Universities, the institute is the best university for medicine and pharmacy in Europe, 8th in the world. It is listed as the best university in Sweden.


title: Karolinska Institutet

text: Karolinska Institutet was started between 1810 and 1811 to teach army surgeons. It was called the 'Medico-Chirurgiska Institutet'.


title: Karolinska Institutet

text: In 1817 the name 'Karolinska' was added as a reference to 'Karoliner' which was the name of soldiers under the Swedish king Karl XII. The full name became 'Kongl. Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet'.


title: Bonnie Tyler

text: Bonnie Tyler (born Gaynor Hopkins; 8 June 1951) is a Welsh singer, songwriter, and philanthropist. She has had several major hit songs such as "Holding Out for a Hero". Three songs "Lost in France," "It's a Heartache" and "Total Eclipse of the Heart" became major hits in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Tyler represented the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Malmö.


title: Julio-Claudian dynasty

text: The Roman society was a class society, and almost all ruling figures were from the Patrician class. Therefore, for the next 100 years the dynasty had many other influential members who were descended from the female members of the dynasty such as Julia the Younger, eldest granddaughter of Augustus. She was also related to Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius and Nero.


title: Itzhak Perlman

text: Perlman was born in Tel Aviv which, three years later, became part of the state of Israel. When he was small he listened to the violin on the radio and decided he wanted to play it. He studied at the Academy of Music in Tel Aviv. Then he moved to the United States to study at the Juilliard School with Ivan Galamian and Dorothy DeLay. He made his first public performance at Carnegie Hall in 1963. In 1964 he won the Leventritt Competition. Soon afterward he began to tour widely. He also appeared on American television in shows including "Sesame Street". He was invited to play at the White House.


title: President of Finland

text: The President of the Republic of Finland (, ) is the nation's head of state. The president is elected directly by the people of Finland for a term of six years. Since 1991, no president may be elected for more than two consecutive terms. The president must be a native-born Finnish citizen. The office was created by the Constitution Act of 1919.


title: Itzhak Perlman

text: Perlman had been ill with polio at the age of four. He got better, and managed to learn to walk again with the use of crutches. Today, he still walks with crutches and plays the violin sitting down.


title: President of Finland

text: Officially the head of state is known as the President of the Republic of Finland (; ) or, more often, the President of the Republic (', ').


title: Itzhak Perlman

text: In 1987, he joined the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra for their concerts in Warsaw and Budapest, as well as other Eastern bloc countries. He toured with the IPO in the spring of 1990 for their first-ever performance in the USSR, with concerts in Moscow and Leningrad, and toured with the IPO again in 1994, performing in China and India.


title: Itzhak Perlman

text: Perlman usually plays solos, but he also plays chamber music with other musicians, including Yo-Yo Ma, Jessye Norman and, especially, with Pinchas Zukerman.


title: Itzhak Perlman

text: Perlman usually plays classical music but sometimes he plays jazz. He made an album made with jazz pianist Oscar Peterson, and klezmer. Perlman has been a soloist for a number of movie scores, including the score of the 1993 film "Schindler's List" by John Williams.


title: Itzhak Perlman

text: Perlman plays on a special Stradivarius violin called the "Soil Stradivarius", made in 1714. He also plays on a Guarneri del Gesu made about 1743.


title: Itzhak Perlman

text: In recent years, Perlman has also begun to conduct, taking the post of principal guest conductor at the Detroit Symphony Orchestra.


title: Itzhak Perlman

text: Perlman performed at Barack Obama's presidential inauguration. He joined cellist Yo-Yo Ma, pianist Gabriela Montero and clarinetist Anthony McGill. Together they played "Air and Simple Gifts", a new arrangement by John Williams based on the Shaker hymn "'Tis A Gift To Be Simple."


title: Myoglobin

text: Myoglobin is a protein that is able to bind oxygen. Myoglobin, which is similar to haemoglobin, is the main oxygen-carrying pigment of muscle tissues. Like haemoglobin, it has a porphyrin ring with an iron atom at its centre. It is in the muscle tissue of most mammals. Seals and other marine mammals have more myoglobin in their muscles than land animals.


title: Myoglobin

text: In humans, increased level of myoglobin in the serum of the blood can be an indication of myocardial infarction. Other factors for a higher level can be damage to the muscles, epileptic seizures, polytrauma. If the value is much too high, this can lead to kidney failure.


title: Myoglobin

text: Myoglobin belongs to the globin superfamily of proteins, and as with other globins, consists of eight alpha helices connected by loops. Myoglobin has 153 amino acids.


title: Bernie Ecclestone

text: He was the president and CEO of Formula One Management and Formula One Administration. He is part owner of Alpha Prema, the parent company of the Formula One Group of companies. He is generally considered the primary authority in Formula One racing. In 1972 he bought the Brabham team, which he ran for fifteen years. As a team owner he became a member of the Formula One Constructors Association.


title: Bernie Ecclestone

text: On the 23 January, 2017, it was announced that Bernie Ecclestone had been replaced by Chase Carey as chief executive of the Formula One Group, though he has been appointed as chairman emeritus and will act as an adviser to the board.


title: Windows 10 Mobile

text: Windows 10 Mobile is a discontinued version of the Windows Phone operating system. Unlike the regular Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile was meant to run on phones and tablet computers with screen sizes of 8 inches or smaller. These mobile devices used the ARM or IA-32 processor architectures.


title: Metre Convention

text: The Metre Convention is the treaty that set up the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). The BIPM is an inter-governmental organization that is responsible for harmonizing systems of measurement across the world. The treaty was first made in 1875 between 17 countries.


title: Windows 10 Mobile

text: Microsoft ceased providing security updates on January 14, 2020, the same day as for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2.


title: Metre Convention

text: The member countries agreed to share the costs of running a laboratory on neutral territory. The international prototype metre and the international prototype kilogram would be kept at the laboratory. Member state's national prototype metres and kilograms would be compared with the international prototypes at regular intervals. Member states would have regular meetings to discuss developments in measurement technology.


title: Windows 10 Mobile

text: Windows 10 Mobile worked closely together with Windows 10 for computers. Content would be synchronized across devices, apps made for Windows 10 on PCs, Android, and iOS could be remade to work on Windows 10 Mobile, and most high-end phones allowed the user to plug in their device to a computer monitor and use a "computer-like" interface with a mouse and keyboard.


title: Metre Convention

text: In 1921 the treaty was extended to cover electrical and all other physical measurements. This enabled the BIPM to published the standards for the International System of Units (SI). Under SI, units of measurements that are used in science and engineering were defined in a logical manner. The rules for SI also standardized the way in which physical quantities are written.


title: Windows 10 Mobile

text: Many phones that ran on Windows Phone 8.1 were able to get a free upgrade to Windows 10 Mobile. It was up to manufacturers and carriers to issue the update. Certain features were not available on low-end or midrange devices.


title: Metre Convention

text: The metric system was developed in France in the 1790s. The length of the metre was made to be one ten millionth of the distance between the North Pole and the equator. Between 1791 and 1798 the French men Delambre (a mathematician and astronomer) and Méchain (an astronomer) measured the distance between Dunkirk and Barcelona. The measurements were used to make a metal bar exactly 443.296 "lignes" long (the "ligne" is an old French unit of length equal to one twelfth of a French inch). The bar would be used as a standard for the metre. The bar was later called the "metre des archives". By the 1860s it was found that the "metre des archives" was 0.03% shorter than it was supposed to have been.


title: Windows 10 Mobile

text: Windows 10 Mobile came out on March 17, 2016. It was released shortly after Windows 10 for computers, which came out on July 29, 2015. In October 2017, Microsoft stopped active development of Windows 10 Mobile, except for security updates, because few people were using it. Microsoft ceased providing security updates on January 14, 2020, the same day as for Windows 7.


title: Metre Convention

text: The Great Exhibition in London in 1851 and the Paris International Exhibition in 1867 had shown the need for different nations to use the same units of measurement. In the 1860s there were many discussions by astronomers and surveyors from outside France whether they should use the "metre des archives" or whether they should use a "new metre" that took account of the 0.03% error. Prussia took the lead in organizing conferences in Berlin to discuss the matter. France did not take part in the conferences. Before any actions could be taken the Franco-Prussian War broke out. Prussia defeated France and the German Empire was formed.


title: Metre Convention

text: In 1875 France invited representatives to Paris to discuss the matter. This helped France to score a diplomatic victory over Prussia and the German Empire.


title: Metre Convention

text: The treaty was signed by seventeen of the countries at the conference in Paris on 20 May 1875. The United Kingdom and the Netherlands went to the conference but did not sign the treaty at that time. After further consideration, the United Kingdom did sign the treaty in 1884.


title: Metre Convention

text: The organization set up by the treaty was the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. Its French name is "Bureau international des poids et mesures". Its abbreviation is BIPM. The BIPM has its headquarters at the Pavillon de Breteuil, Sèvres, France (close to Paris). About 70 people work at the BIPM. The budget for 2013 was over €10 million ($12 million).


title: Metre Convention

text: The official language for the organisations is French. Until 1988 all reports of meetings were only published in French. Since then both English and French have been used. Abbreviations are based on the French words, not English words. Official communications between the BIPM and France are conducted via the French Foreign Ministry. Official communications with other countries are conducted via that country's embassy in Paris.


title: Metre Convention

text: The General Conference on Weights and Measures was set up under the Metre Convention as an organ of the BIPM. It gives the BIPM its mandate and budget on behalf of the member states. Its French name is "Conférence générale des poids et mesures". Its abbreviation is "CGPM".


title: Metre Convention

text: The CGPM meets every four to six years. The first meeting was in 1889 and the 24th meeting was in 2011. Each member state has one vote. France is represented by its foreign minister and by the president of the French Academy. The French Foreign minister is the chairman of the opening and closing sessions of any CGPM session. The president of the French Academy is the chairman of other meetings of the CGPM.


title: Metre Convention

text: The International Committee for Weights and Measures was set up under the Metre Convention as an organ of the BIPM. It advises the CGPM and supervise the BIPM. Its French name is "Comité international des poids et mesures". Its abbreviation is CIPM.


title: Metre Convention

text: The CGPM has 18 members. These members are well-known measurement experts who are elected by the CGPM. They must all come from different countries. One of the CIPM members must be French. They meet once or twice a year in Paris. The CIPM is assisted by a number of Consultative Committees. In February 2014 there were ten such committees. Nine of the committees are dedicated to special types of measurement such as Electricity and Magnetism, Length, Photometry and Radiometry, Thermometry and Time and Frequency. The CIPM appoints people to these committees.


title: Metre Convention

text: The tenth committee is called the Consultative Committee for Units (CCU). Its chairman is appointed by the CIPM. Other members of the committee are appointed by other organizations. These organizations include International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The CCU's task is to ensure that all the definitions of SI are consistent. It also drafts the SI standard which is called the "SI Brochure".


title: Metre Convention

text: The BIPM's offices and laboratories art at the Pavillon de Breteuil, Sèvres, France (close to Paris).


title: Metre Convention

text: The BIPM looks after the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK) for the CGPM. It provides laboratory services for the CGPM and CIPM. Member states use the BIPM laboratories when they check their own copy of the kilogram against the IPK. The BIPM offices are also the headquarters for the CGPM and CIPM.


title: Metre Convention

text: In 1875 the convention only dealt with standardization of the kilogram and the metre. The convention was revised in 1921 to accommodate all physical measurements. In 1933 the CGPM approved efforts that were being made to merge electrical and photometry units into the metric system.


title: Metre Convention

text: During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century many new units of measure were defined using the metric system. Units of measure used in electrostatic applications, electromagnetic applications and electrical distribution systems were incompatible with each other. The use of standard gravity in force and pressure definitions resulted in more units of measure being defined than were necessary.


title: Metre Convention

text: After the Second World War the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and the French Government asked the BIPM to look into the matter. In 1948, the 9th CGPM asked the CIPM to conduct a study into units of measurement used by member states. The CIPM reported back and in 1954 the 10th CGPM decided to set up a new system of units. There would be six base units. These were the metre, kilogram, second, ampere, degree Kelvin (later renamed kelvin), and candela. The new system was published in 1960. The 11th CGPM named it the "International System of Units". The short name was "SI". This came from the French name, . The BIPM described SI as "the modern metric system".


title: Metre Convention

text: Since 1960 the BIPM has made several refinements to SI. Some of the refinements include developing new ways of making high precision measurement. Other refinements include small changes to details of definitions.


title: Metre Convention

text: The atomic clock has made very precise time-keeping possible. The earth is slowing down. A the "time of the dinosaurs" the earth rotated once every 23 hours. It is now possible to measure variations in the Earth's rotation caused by volcanoes and tsunamis. This is done by the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS). The IERS proposes leap seconds as and when these are needed. Under the Metre Convention, the BIPM has the task of coordinating over 200 atomic clocks around the world. These clocks are located in 50 different national laboratories.


title: Metre Convention

text: Many measuring devices need to be recalibrated at regular intervals. These devices might be petrol pumps. They might be weighing scales. They might be complex medical equipment like MRI scanners. A certificate is issued when the device is recalibrated. The device that is used to do the calibration must itself be calibrated. These devices are often recalibrated in a national metrology laboratory. Legal problems can arise if a calibration done in one country is not recognised in another country.


title: Metre Convention

text: Some countries are full members of the CGPM and have a vote at CGPM meetings. These countries have their own copy of the prototype kilogram. They also take part in the CIPM MRA program.


title: Metre Convention

text: Other countries are associate members. They take part on the CIPM MRA program. They may speak at CGPM meetings but not to vote at these meetings. They do not have their own copies of the prototype kilogram.


title: Metre Convention

text: At its 21st meeting (October 1999), the CGPM created the category of "associate" for those states not yet members of the BIPM and for economic unions.


title: John Ray

text: John Ray (29 November 1627 – 17 January 1705) was an English naturalist, sometimes referred to as the father of English natural history. Ray was the son of a village blacksmith who got to Cambridge University on a scholarship. This was in 1644, when the Puritans were making war against Charles I. When he got his bachelor's degree in 1648, he continued as a Fellow of Trinity College.


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: The Blair Witch Project is a 1999 American independent supernatural horror movie. It was written and directed by Daniel Myrick and Eduardo Sánchez and produced by the Haxan Films production company.


title: John Ray

text: Ray was a Protestant dissenter who had accepted the return of Charles II. He was ordained as a priest of the Church of England, in London in 1660. By then, Charles II insisted that all priests sign an affadavit against the Puritan party. The Act of Uniformity of 1662 made the Book of Common Prayer compulsory in religious services, which was opposed by those of Puritan beliefs. Ray would not sign the affidavit, so he was forced to resign his Fellowship, and could not work as a priest.


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: This movie was put together from amateur footage and relates the story of three student filmmakers (Heather Donahue, Joshua Leonard, and Michael C. Williams) who disappeared while hiking in the Black Hills near Burkittsville, Maryland in 1994 to film a documentary about a local legend known as the Blair Witch. The viewers are told the three were never seen or heard from again, although their video and sound equipment (along with most of the footage they shot) was discovered a year later. This "recovered footage" is presented as the viewer is watching the movie.


title: John Ray

text: Ray returned to his native village of Black Notley, near Braintree in Essex. After Ray joined up with a former student, Francis Willughby, the pair spent three years in continental Europe, discovering what the latest scientific ideas were. When he returned to England in Spring 1666, he joined the new Royal Society, and devoted himself to the study of natural history. His most important scientific works were supported financially by the Royal Society, whose President at a critical time in the 1680s was Samuel Pepys.


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: "The Blair Witch Project" was first shown at the 1999 Sundance Film Festival. It was released by Artisan on 30 July 1999 after months of publicity, including a ground-breaking campaign by the studio to use the Internet and suggest that the film was a record of real events. The distribution strategy for "The Blair Witch Project" was created and implemented by Artisan studio executive Steven Rothenberg. The movie was positively received by critics and went on to gross over US$248 million worldwide, making it one of the most successful independent movies of all time. The DVD was released in December 1999 and presented only in fullscreen.


title: John Ray

text: Ray published important works on plants, animals, and natural theology. His classification of plants in his "Historia Plantarum", was an important step towards modern taxonomy. Ray rejected the system by which species were classified according to an either/or type system. Instead he classified plants by observation according to similarities and differences. Thus he advanced scientific empiricism against the deductive rationalism of the scholastics. He was the first person to give a biological definition of the term "species".


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: In October 1994, movie students Heather Donahue, Michael C. Williams and Joshua Leonard set out to make a documentary about the fabled Blair Witch. They travel to Burkittsville, Maryland, which the town was used to be called Blair. They interview people living in the local area about the legend of the Blair Witch. The local people tell them of Rustin Parr, a hermit who kidnapped seven children in the 1940s and brought them to his house in the woods, where he tortured and killed them. Parr brought the children into his home's basement in pairs, forcing the first child to face the corner and listen to their companion's screams as he murdered the second child. Parr would then murder the first child. Eventually turning himself in to the police, Parr later pleaded insanity, saying that the spirit of Elly Kedward, a witch hanged in the 18th century, had been terrorizing him for some time and promised to leave him alone if he murdered the kids. The three students also interviews Mary Brown, a local eccentric who tells them that she had encountered the Blair Witch as a child.


title: John Ray

text: Ray published about 23 works, depending on how one counts them. The biological works were usually in Latin, the rest in English. For ease of reading, the titles below are in English.


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: The second day, the students begin to explore the woods in north Burkittsville to look for evidence of the Blair Witch. Along the way, a fisherman warns them that the woods are haunted, and recalls a time that he had seen strange mist rising from the water. The students hike to Coffin Rock, where five men were found ritualistically murdered in the 19th century, and then camp for the night. The next day they move deeper into the woods, despite being uncertain of their exact location on the map. They eventually locate what appears to be an old cemetery with seven small cairns. They set up camp nearby and then return to the cemetery after dark. They later hear crackling sounds in the darkness that seem to be coming from all directions and assume the noises are from animals or locals following them.


title: John Ray

text: Including the various editions, there are 172 works of Ray, of which most are rare. The only libraries with substantial holdings are all in England. The list in order of holdings is:


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: That same following day they attempt to return to their car, but cannot find their way; they try until it is night time, when they are forced to set camp. That night, they hear crackling noises again, but they cannot see anything. The next morning they find three cairns have been built around their tent during the night. As they continue trying to find their way out of the woods, Heather realizes that her map is missing, and Mike later reveals that he kicked it into a creek out of frustration the previous day. Josh and Heather get angry at Mike. They then realize they are now hopelessly lost, and decide to simply "head south". Soon, they discover a multitude of humanoid stick figures suspended from trees. That night, they hear more strange noises, including the sounds of children and bizarre "morphing" sounds. When an unknown force shakes the tent, they flee in a panic and hide in the woods until it is morning. Upon returning to their tent, they find that their possessions have been rifled through, and Josh's equipment is covered with slime, causing them to question why only his belongings were affected. As the day wears on, they pass a log over a stream that was identical to the one they had passed earlier, despite having traveled directly south all day, and again set camp, completely demoralized at having wasted the entire day seemingly going in circles, with Josh outside on guard duty.


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: Josh disappears the next morning. After a while of finding him, Mike and Heather eventually break camp and slowly move on. That night, they hear Josh screaming in the darkness, but are not able to find him. The next morning, Heather finds a bundle of sticks and fabric outside their tent. Later inspection reveals it contains blood-soaked scraps of Josh's shirt, as well as teeth and hair, but she does not mention this to Mike.


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: That night, Heather records herself apologizing to the co-producers of her project as well as her family, and starts to cry, finally admitting her fate. Later, they again hear Josh crying for help, but this time they follow them and discover an abandoned house in the woods. Hanging on the front of the house is the same human stick figure that they saw in the woods. Mike runs upstairs, following the voice, while Heather tries to follow. Mike then claims he hears Josh in the basement. He follows the sound and, after what seems to be a struggle, goes silent and drops to the floor. Heather runs down to the basement screaming for Mike, but she does not hear Mike. She then enters the basement looking for both men, and her camera catches a glimpse of Mike facing the wall. Heather then screams as she and her camera drop to the floor. There is only silence as the footage ends.


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: "The Blair Witch Project" was developed by the filmmakers. The script was written in 1988. It began with a 68-page outline, with the dialogue to be improvised. According to the directors of the movie, they advertised in "Back Stage" magazine for actors with strong improvisational abilities. There was a very informal improvisational audition process to narrow the total amount of 2,000 actors. In talks with investors of the movie, they presented an eight-minute documentary along with newspapers and news footage. This documentary, originally called "The Blair Witch Project: The Story of Black Hills Disappearances" was produced by Haxan Films. In the movie, the Blair Witch is, according to legend, the ghost of Elly Kedward, a woman banished from the Blair Township (latter-day Burkittsville) for witchcraft in 1785. The directors incorporated that part of the legend, along with allusions to the Salem Witch Trials and "The Crucible", to play on the themes of injustice done on those who were called witches. They were influenced by "The Shining", "Alien" and "The Omen." "Jaws" was an influence as well, presumably because the witch was hidden from the viewer for the entirety of the film, forcing suspense from the unknown.


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: The movie was shot for only eight days in October 1998. Most of the movie was filmed in the tiny Seneca Creek State Park in Montgomery County, Maryland, although a few scenes were filmed in the real town of Burkittsville. Some of the townspeople interviewed in the film were not actors, and some were planted actors, unknown to the main cast. Donahue had never operated a camera before, and spent two days in a "crash course". Donahue said she modeled her character after a director she once worked with, citing the character's self assuredness when everything went as planned, and confusion during crisis. The three actors filmed the whole movie with only two cameras. They recorded using Heather's video camera and a 16mm camera that can record video in black and white. The apparent use of handheld camera, and the coarse grained picture supports clearly the film's documentary feel. The strange recording method is also based on the actors who did not know the movie's story in detail. The three actors were dragged into the woods, and almost tortured with the cold weather, food shortages and spooky sounds.


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: During filming, the actors were given clues as to their next location through messages given in milk crates found with Global Positioning Satellite systems. They were given individual instructions that they would use to help improvise the action of the day. Teeth were obtained from a Maryland dentist for use as human remains in the film. Influenced by producer Gregg Hale's memories of his military training, in which "enemy soldiers" would hunt a trainee through wild terrain for three days, the directors moved the characters far during the day, harassing them by night and depriving them of food.


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: Almost 19 hours of usable recorded footage had to be edited down to 90 minutes. Editing took more than eight months. Originally it was hoped that the movie would make it on to cable television, and the filmmakers did not anticipate wide release. The initial investment by the three University of Central Florida filmmakers was about US$35,000. Artisan acquired the film for US$1.1 million but spent US$25 million to market it. The actors signed a "small" agreement to receive some of the profits from the film's release.


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: A list of production budget figures have circulated over the years, appearing as low as $20,000. Sánchez revealed in an interview that when principal photography first wrapped, approximately $20,000 to $25,000 had been spent. Other figures list a final budget ranging between $500,000 and $750,000.


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: "The Blair Witch Project" grossed $248,639,099 worldwide, compared to its final budget, which ranged between $20,000 and $750,000. The movie received critically positive reviews. Rotten Tomatoes says that out of 133 reviews for the movie, 85% of these reviews were positive.


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun Times" gave the movie four out of four stars. He called it "an extraordinarily effective horror film". It was listed on Filmcritic.com as the 50th best movie ending of all time. Critics praised Donahue's apology to the camera near the end of the movie, saying it would cause "nightmares for years to come"; Roger Ebert showed how much different this sequence to Robert Scott's final journal entries as he froze to death in the Antarctic. Donahue said that there was a considerable backlash against her because she was starring in the movie. Her claims led to her having threatening encounters and difficulty obtaining employment.


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: "The Blair Witch Project" is thought to be the first widely released film marketed primarily on the internet. The film's official website featured fake police reports and 'newsreel-style' interviews. Due to this, audiences and critics initially thought it was an actual documentary about the 'missing' teenagers. These augmented the film's convincing found footage style to spark heated debates across the internet over whether the film was a real-life documentary or a work of fiction.


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: "The Blair Witch Project" was given a Global Film Critics Award for Best Screenplay and won the Independent Spirit John Cassavetes Award. In 2008, "Entertainment Weekly" named "The Blair Witch Project" one of "the 100 best films from 1983 to 2008", ranking it at #99. In 2006, Chicago Film Critics Association listed it as one of the "Top 100 Scariest Movies", ranking it #12.


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: Despite its positive reviews, the movie was nominated for the 1999 Razzie Award for Worst Picture. Heather Donahue won a Razzie Award for Worst Actress. The movie also became controversial for it's shaky footage, especially the final sequence in which the camera operator is running down a set of stairs with the camera. Some viewers had gotten motion sickness and even vomited as a result.


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: A sequel, "Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2", was released in the autumn of 2000, but was poorly received by most critics. A third installment was announced that same year but did not materialize. On September 2, 2009, it was announced that co-directors Eduardo Sanchez and Daniel Myrick were pitching the third film.


title: The Blair Witch Project

text: "The Blair Witch Project" was released on DVD on October 26, 1999, with VHS and laser disc versions released around the same time. Unlike the widescreen theatrical release, this DVD is presented in a 1.33:1 aspect ratio. The DVD has a number of special features, including "The Curse of the Blair Witch" and "The Blair Witch Legacy" featurettes, newly discovered footage, director and producer commentary, production notes, cast & crew bios and trailers. A Blu-ray release from Lionsgate was released on October 5, 2010, also in 1.33:1 format.


title: Robin Cook

text: Robin Cook (28 February 1946 – 6 August 2005) was a politician in the British Labour Party. He was Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2001. He resigned from the cabinet in 2003 in protest after the Invasion of Iraq.


title: Voiced labiodental nasal

text: The voiced Labiodental nasal is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is only phonemic in one language: Kukuya. It is a very common way to say [m] before [f] or [v] in many languages, as in English symphony.


title: Robin Cook

text: Shortly after becoming Foreign Secretary, he left his wife, Margaret, to live with Gaynor Regan, his secretary.


title: Sticky note

text: A sticky note (or Post-it note) is a small piece of paper with a strip of glue along one edge that make it "sticky," so you can stick it to things. It was invented by Arthur Fry.


title: Calypso music

text: Calypso music is an Afro-Caribbean style music. It started in the early 20th century in Trinidad and Tobago. Calypso drew upon African and French influences. It became the voice of the people.


title: Arnold Bennett

text: Bennett was born in Hanley in the Potteries district of Staffordshire, and his best known books were about life in this area. He changed the names of the five towns in the district, but their names are easy to recognise.


title: Sticky note

text: The most common sticky note is the Post-it, which is made by a company called 3M. In 1974 a man named Arthur Fry came up with the idea for the sticky note. He used a glue that was originally too weak to be used for anything else, so the notes would come off easy. 3M started to sell Post-Its in 1980.


title: Arnold Bennett

text: When in London, Bennett liked to eat at the Savoy Hotel's Grill. He often ate an omelette made with smoked haddock, and this has become known as the Omelette Arnold Bennett. The Omelette Arnold Bennett has remained a Savoy standard dish ever since.


title: Sticky note

text: In 2001, the patent for the glue that 3M uses on Post-it notes expired, so many other companies now make similar sticky notes.


title: BBC Sport

text: BBC Sport is part of the bbc.co.uk website run by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). It covers all sports from football and rugby to less high-profile sports such as hockey or badminton. The site includes an discussion board called 606 to allow fans to discuss events and sports-related news. BBC Sport also covers sporting events on BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC television, e.g. The Olympics.


title: Pat Riley

text: Patrick James "Pat" Riley (born March 20, 1945) is an American basketball coach and player in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He has been the team president of the Miami Heat since 1995 and head coach on two separate tenures (1995 through 2003, and 2005 through 2008).


title: Sophie Okonedo

text: Sophie Okonedo (born 11 August 1968) is an English Tony Award-winning actress. She was born in London. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in "Hotel Rwanda" (2004). She also appeared in "Æon Flux" (2005), "Skin" (2008), "The Secret Life of Bees" (2008), and "Christopher Robin" (2018).


title: Pat Riley

text: When he was a basketball player, he played for the San Diego Rockets, Los Angeles Lakers and the Phoenix Suns.


title: Sophie Okonedo

text: Okonedo was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 2010 and Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 2019.


title: Pat Riley

text: Riley was born in Rome, New York, but raised in Schenectady, New York. He studied at the University of Kentucky.


title: Giant magnetoresistance

text: Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a very small magnetic effect found in thin layers of iron and other materials. It is used to read and write information in hard drives.


title: Complexity

text: Complexity is a property of something with many parts and a complicated arrangement. It is also the state of being complex. Its opposite is simplicity. In science, complexity is also the name for systems science.


title: DC League of Super-Pets

text: DC League of Super-Pets is a 2022 American 3D computer-animated superhero comedy movie by Warner Animation Group. It is based on the DC Comics superhero team Legion of Super-Pets.


title: Giant magnetoresistance

text: The GMR effect can be measured when a magnet is used to change the flow of electricity. The 2007 Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.


title: DC League of Super-Pets

text: The movie is directed by Jared Stern. The cast includes Dwayne Johnson, Kevin Hart, Kate McKinnon, John Krasinski, Vanessa Bayer, Natasha Lyonne, Diego Luna, Thomas Middleditch, Ben Schwartz, and Keanu Reeves.


title: Giant magnetoresistance

text: GMR was discovered in layers iron, chrome and ferrite by Peter Grünbergs research team of the Jülich Research Centre (Germany) in 1988. Peter Grünberg owns a patent for the technology. It was also discovered by Albert Ferts research group of the University of Paris-Sud (France) in layers ferrite and chrome. The Fert group were first to see what they thought of as a "large" effect which is why they gave the name "Giant". The Fert group were also first to explain the correct physics of GMR. The discovery was the beginning of the science spintronics. Grünberg and Fert have been given prizes and awards, including the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics, for this discovery and other spintronics work.


title: DC League of Super-Pets

text: "DC League of Super-Pets" was released in the United States on July 29, 2022, by Warner Bros. Pictures. It will be available to stream on HBO Max 45 days after its theatrical release.


title: Giant magnetoresistance

text: In multilayer GMR, two or more magnetic layers are separated by a very thin (about 1 nm) non-magnetic (insulating) layer. Ferrite, a form of iron, is a magnetic layer and chrome is an insulating layer. At certain thickness, the strength of magnetism between the layers becomes easy to measure and adjust. The strength of electrical current between the layers can change by up to 10%.


title: Giant magnetoresistance

text: In spin valve GMR, two magnetic layers are separated by a thin (~3 nm) non-magnetic (insulating) layer. It is possible to measure and adjust the strength of magnetism between these layers.


title: Giant magnetoresistance

text: Spin valve GMR is the most useful sort for hard drives and is tested carefully to meet industry standards.


title: Giant magnetoresistance

text: Granular GMR is an effect found in copper containing grains of cobalt. It is not possible to control the strength of granular GMR in the same manner as Multilayer GMR.


title: Giant magnetoresistance

text: GMR is used in modern hard drives and magnetic sensors. Another use of the GMR effect is in magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM). GMR has begun a new science of electronics called spintronics.


title: Windows Server 2016

text: Windows Server 2016 is a server operating system developed by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems, developed concurrently with Windows 10. The first early preview version (Technical Preview) became available on October 1, 2014 together with the first technical preview of System Center. Windows Server 2016 was released on September 26, 2016 at Microsoft's Ignite conference and became generally available on October 12, 2016. It has two successors: Windows Server 2019, and the Windows Server Semi-Annual Channel, which excludes the graphical user interface and many older components.


title: Apalachicola River

text: The Apalachicola River is a river, about 112 mi (180 km) long in the state of Florida. The river's large watershed, known as the ACF River Basin, drains an area of about into the Gulf of Mexico.


title: Windows Server 2016

text: Microsoft has been reorganized by Satya Nadella, putting the Server and System Center teams together. Previously, the Server team was more closely aligned with the Windows client team. The Azure team is also working closely with the Server team.


title: Apalachicola River

text: The distance to its farthest head waters in northeast Georgia is about 500 miles (800 km). Its name comes from the Apalachicola people, who used to live along the river.


title: Windows Server 2016

text: In March 2017, Microsoft demonstrated an internal version of Server 2016 running on the ARMv8-A architecture. It was reported that Microsoft was working with Qualcomm Centriq and Cavium ThunderX2 chips. According to James Vincent of "The Verge", this decision endangers Intel's dominance of the server CPU market. However, later inquiry from Microsoft revealed that this version of Windows Server is only for internal use and only impacts subscribers of Microsoft Azure service.


title: Windows Server 2016

text: A public beta version of Windows Server 2016 (then still called "vNext") branded as "Windows Server Technical Preview" was released on October 1, 2014; the technical preview builds are aimed toward enterprise users. The first Technical Preview was first set to expire on April 15, 2015 but Microsoft later released a tool to extend the expiry date, to last until the second tech preview of the OS in May 2015. The second beta version, "Technical Preview 2", was released on May 4, 2015. Third preview version, "Technical Preview 3" was released on August 19, 2015. "Technical Preview 4" was released on November 19, 2015. "Technical Preview 5" was released on April 27, 2016.


title: Windows Server 2016

text: Windows Server 2016 was officially released at Microsoft's Ignite Conference on September 26, 2016. Unlike its predecessor, Windows Server 2016 is licensed by the number of CPU cores rather than number of CPU sockets—a change that has similarly been adopted by BizTalk Server 2013 and SQL Server 2014. The new licensing structure that has been adopted by Windows Server 2016 has also moved away from the Windows Server 2012/2012R2 CPU socket licensing model in that now the amount of cores covered under one license is limited. Windows Server 2016 Standard and Datacenter core licensing now covers a minimum of 8 core licenses for each physical processor and a minimum of 16 core licenses for each server. Core licenses are sold in packs of two with Standard Edition providing the familiar rights to run 2 virtualized OS environments. If the server goes over 16 core licenses for a 2 processor server additional licenses will now be required with Windows Server 2016.


title: Windows Server 2016

text: Windows Server, version 1709 was released on October 17, 2017. The release has dropped the Windows Server 2016 name and is just called Windows Server by Microsoft. It is offered to the Microsoft Software Assurance customers who have an active Windows Server 2016 license and has the same system requirements. This is the first Windows Server product to fall under the "Semi-Annual Channel" (SAC) release cadence. This product only features the Server Core and the Nano Server modes. Of the two, only the Server Core mode of the OS can be installed on a bare system. The Nano Server mode is only available as an operating system container.


title: Rajkumar

text: Dr. Rajkumar (Real Name: Singanalluru Puttaswamayya Muthuraju April 24, 1929—April 12,2006) was the most popular actor in Kannada's movie industry. He was seen as a role model to millions of Kannadigas.


title: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben

text: Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben (September 17, 1730 – November 28, 1794) was a German fighter who helped the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War. At Valley Forge, he taught the Continental Army how to fight the European way.


title: Rajkumar

text: "Dr. Raj" or "Natasarvabhouma" or "Annavru" (Big Brother) to millions of his fans, he was also called the John Wayne of South Indian cinema. He acted in more than 200 movies over 50 years. Most of his movies have become very important in the Kannada movie industry. He was also a well-known singer.


title: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben

text: Steuben was born September 17, 1730 in Magdeburg. At the time, Magdeburg was in the Kingdom of Prussia.


title: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben

text: Steuben joined the Prussian army when he was 16. He learned that the Prussian army was a good army because it was very disciplined. He became a lieutenant. He fought in the Seven Years War. He became a captain. He worked for General Johann von Mayer. In 1762, he was aide-de-camp to Frederick the Great. Steuben was in the army 17 years.


title: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben

text: In 1763, Steuben was pushed out of the army because there was peace and the government wanted the army to be smaller.


title: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben

text: Steuben went to work for the court of a small German country called Hohenzollern-Hechingen. In 1769, the prince of Baden added Steuben to the chivalric Order of Fidelity. That meant Steuben was allowed to use the title "Freiherr", meaning "free lord," or "baron."


title: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben

text: In 1777, Hohenzollern-Hechingen lost its money, and von Steuben needed a new job. He looked for army jobs in Europe, but Europe was mostly at peace. He looked for a job with the Prince of Baden, but someone told stories that von Steuben had "taken liberties with young boys," meaning someone called him a pedophile.


title: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben

text: The Revolutionary War had started in North America. Von Steuben looked for a job with the Continental Army. He went to France and met Benjamin Franklin and Silas Deane. Franklin and Deane wanted von Steuben to help the Continental Army, so they wrote to the Continental Congress. They lied and said he had been a general in the Prussian army (he had really only been a captain). They told other lies too. They did this because many, many Europeans from rich or noble families wanted to fight in the Continental Army. Many of them expected to be generals, but the Continental Army was not large enough for so many generals. Also, many of them had not fought in wars before, and the Continental Congress sent them home. Franklin and Deane knew that only a very, very good story would make Congress hire von Steuben.


title: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben

text: Von Steuben came to America in 1777. He told Congress he did not mind if he was not a general. He told the Continental Congress that they only had to pay him if they won the war. They hired him.


title: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben

text: Von Steuben went to Valley Forge and met General George Washington. Washington made von Steuben Acting Inspector General and told him to teach the Continental Army soldiers how to fight the European way.


title: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben

text: Von Steuben taught the soldiers how to drill, meaning he made them practice marching, shooting, and fighting together until they were good fighters. He made all the officers use the same drills so the soldiers would not be confused in a real battle. He also told Washington and Congress which weapons and supplies they should buy, for example bayonets.


title: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben

text: Von Steuben did not speak English well. Instead, he cursed at the soldiers in French and German. The Continental soldiers liked him anyway.


title: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben

text: One problem with the Continental Army was that the officers who did drill their men sometimes used different drills. This made the soldiers confused in real battles. Von Steuben, the Marquis de Lafayette, and Alexander Hamilton wrote one drill book for the whole Continental Army, the Blue Book. The American military used it until after the War of 1812.


title: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben

text: Von Steuben wrote to a friend, "The genius of this nation is not in the least to be compared with that of the Prussian, Austrians, or French. You say to your soldier 'Do this and he doeth it'; but I am obliged to say [to the American soldier]: 'This is the reason why you ought to do that: and then he does it.'"


title: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben

text: After the Battle of Monmouth, Congress gave von Steuben the rank Major General. He led soldiers at the Battle of Yorktown and other battles.


title: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben

text: Historians today believe von Steuben was homosexual, meaning he had relationships with other adult men. It was an open secret, meaning that Washington and other people knew von Steuben was homosexual and decided not to talk about it.


title: The Tom and Jerry Show (2014 TV series)

text: The Tom and Jerry Show (2014) is an American animated comedy television series produced by Turner Entertainment, Renegade Animation and Warner Bros. Animation aired in Cartoon Network and Boomerang from April 9, 2014 to February 2, 2021. an fifth television series of the Tom and Jerry show. follows "Tom and Jerry in New York" in HBO Max.


title: Prince Lorenz of Belgium

text: Prince Lorenz of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este (born 16 December 1955) is a Belgian royal. He is a member of the Belgian royal family by his marriage with Princess Astrid of Belgium. Since 1996 he is also head of the House of Austria-Este.


title: Existential crisis

text: An existential crisis is the feeling that is experienced when thinking about life itself being without any meaning at all. It also happens when the thinking involves a person's own death while all alone with anxiety, fear and possibly miserable.


title: Regé-Jean Page

text: Regé-Jean Page (born 27 April 1988) is a British actor. He is mostly known for playing the role of Simon Basset in the Netflix series "Bridgerton". Page also appeared as Guy Braxton in the BBC One school-based drama series "Waterloo Road".


title: Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth

text: Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth is a hamlet in the United Kingdom. It is in Lincolnshire, England. It is 100 miles north of London. It is the town where scientist Sir Isaac Newton was born. Newton was born and lived at Woolsthorpe Manor, which is a small farm house. The apple tree which made him think about gravity can still be seen in the garden.


title: The Patrick Star Show

text: The Patrick Star Show is an American animated comedy television series that is developed by Luke Brookshier, Marc Ceccarelli, Andrew Goodman, Kaz, Mr. Lawrence, and Vincent Waller that premiered on Nickelodeon on July 9, 2021. It is a spinoff of "SpongeBob SquarePants" that focuses on Patrick Star and his family hosting a talk show.


title: Sharice Davids

text: Sharice Lynnette Davids (born May 22, 1980) is an American attorney, former mixed martial artist, and Democratic politician. She became the member of the United States House of Representatives for on January 3, 2019.


title: Sharice Davids

text: Davids is the first Democrat from Kansas elected to Congress in a decade. Davids is the first openly LGBT Native American in the United States Congress, the first openly gay person elected to the United States Congress from Kansas, and one of the first two Native American women elected to Congress (along with Deb Haaland of New Mexico).


title: Sharice Davids

text: Davids is a member of the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) people. She is a member of the Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin. She lives in Roeland Park.


title: Sharice Davids

text: Davids went to Leavenworth High School, Haskell Indian Nations University, the University of Kansas, Johnson County Community College, and the University of Missouri–Kansas City. She graduated from the University of Missouri-Kansas City with a bachelor's degree in business administration in 2007. Davids got a Juris Doctor from Cornell Law School in 2010.


title: Sharice Davids

text: Davids started competing in mixed martial arts (MMA) as an amateur in 2006. She became a professional in 2013. She had a 5–1 win–loss record as an amateur, and she had a 1–1 record as a professional. She tried out for "The Ultimate Fighter" but did not make it onto the show. After this, she stopped doing MMA, leading her to travel the U.S. and live on Native American reservations, where she would work with the communities on economic and community development programs.


title: Sharice Davids

text: In 2016, she was a White House Fellow in the Department of Transportation. This was during the change between the Barack Obama and Trump administrations.


title: Sharice Davids

text: In the 2018 election, Davids ran for the United States House of Representatives in Kansas's 3rd congressional district. In the August primary election, she defeated fellow Democrat Brent Welder (who was endorsed by Bernie Sanders). She won 37% of the vote; Welder won 34% of the vote. She faced incumbent Republican Kevin Yoder in the November 6, 2018 general election.


title: Sharice Davids

text: Davids defeated Yoder. She and fellow Democrat Deb Haaland of New Mexico, a Laguna Pueblo, are the first Native American women in Congress.


title: Temple of Hera at Olympia

text: The Temple of Hera ("Heraion") is a temple dedicated to Hera, the Greek goddess of marriage. She was the wife of Zeus, the greatest of the Greek gods. The temple was built about 600 BC at Olympia, Greece. It is one of the oldest temples in Greece. It measures 50 meters by 18.75 meters. It was about 7.80 meters high. It had six Doric columns at either end and sixteen Doric columns on each side. The columns were originally made of wood, but were replaced with limestone at different times. The temple was destroyed by an earthquake in the early 4th century AD. It was not repaired.


title: Temple of Hera at Olympia

text: A statue of Hera was seated on a throne at the eastern end of the cella. A stone head that may be Hera survives. Next to Hera stood a statue of Zeus dressed as a warrior. The famous statue of "Hermes and the Infant Dionysos" of Praxiteles was kept in the temple. At the western end of the temple was kept the table that held the wreaths for the victors of the Olympic Games. Other valuable items were also kept at the western end.


title: Temple of Hera at Olympia

text: Winners of the ancient all-female "Heraia" had the right to dedicate their statues to the temple. It was at these footraces that the statue of Hera was dressed every four years in a robe made by the women of Elis. The modern Olympic Flame is lit at the Altar of Hera which stands to the east of the temple. The German Archaeological Institute restored some of the columns in the late 20th century as well as the great circular akroterion of the temple. The akroterion is displayed in the Olympia museum.


title: Chat room

text: A chat room is a virtual place on the Internet where people can get together and type messages to each other using text. People use programs like IRC to join a chat room and type messages or send pictures to the other people within that chat. There are also other programs called instant messengers to stay in contact with friends, colleagues and other people. Websites on the Internet often have types of chat rooms built into them, and lots of chat rooms also use .


title: Please Forgive Me

text: "Please Forgive Me" is a single by Canadian rock singer Bryan Adams from 1993. The song was made as a bonus track on Adams compilation album "So Far So Good". It is Adams's only Australian #1 single not written for a motion picture, and also reached #7 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100. "Please Forgive Me" is a slow power ballad written by Adams himself and Robert Lange. The song has an instrumental intro, which is only found on the album version of the song.


title: Chat room

text: Chat rooms are normally used as tools to talk with people that are far away, but many people still use them to talk to people who live near them, because it's very convenient. The first chat system was used by the U.S. government in 1971.


title: Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts

text: Documents around the world have many different ways of writing. But there are mainly two ways of writing: writing horizontally (횡서, 橫書) or vertically (종서縱書). There are two kinds of horizontal writing. One kind can be read from left to right (좌횡서, 左橫書); the other is read from right to left (우횡서, 右橫書). There are two kinds of vertical writing as well: from left to right (좌정서, 左縱書) or from right to left (우정서, 右縱書), both of these are written from top to bottom. Traditionally, the countries in the East Asian cultural sphere (such as Korea, China, Japan or Vietnam) write vertically from right to left. When it was necessary to write horizontally, they wrote horizontally from right to left. When the Western culture began influencing them, they began writing horizontally from left to right, which is now used widely.


text: Most Western languages are written horizontally from left to right, but Arabic and Hebrew are written horizontally from right to left. Mongol letters are written horizontally from left to right.


text: Long ago, people used hieroglyphs. Hieroglyphs were very flexible characters. They were often written from left to right in the first line, and then right to left in the second line, and so on. This is called boustrophedon. A person can tell which direction to read by which direction the hieroglyphs of animals and people were facing. If the hieroglyphs were facing left, then the line must be read from left to right. If they were facing right, they must be read from right to left.


title: Gullah

text: The Gullah (also called Geechee) are the descendants of African slaves who lived in the Lowcountry regions of Georgia and South Carolina. They lived on the mainland and on the Sea Islands.


title: Languages of South Asia

text: South Asia includes India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, the Maldives, and sometimes Afghanistan.


title: Peter Parker (The Amazing Spider-Man movie series)

text: Spider-Man is the main hero of the 2012-2014 Marc Webb "The Amazing Spider-Man" movie series and based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. He was played by Andrew Garfield in both movies. This is a different version of the character than the one from Sam Raimi's movies and the one in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.


title: Gullah

text: The Gullah region used to include what is now Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina, but today the Gullah area is only in Georgia and South Carolina.


title: Languages of South Asia

text: Most Indo-Aryan languages grew from Sanskrit, an ancient language. It is hard to decide to define what is a language, and what is just a dialect (language variant). For example, Hindi and Urdu are similar when spoken, but Hindi is written in the Devanagari script and Urdu is written in the Persian-Arabic script. Hindi uses more words from Sanskrit, while Urdu uses more words from Persian and Arabic.


text: Peter Parker was raised by his Aunt May and Uncle Ben. His parents worked as scientists before they were killed. In the movies, Peter finds out what his father, Richard, was working on, just as he is bitten by a spider that gives him his superhero abilities. The more he finds on his father's work, the more he realizes the consequences if it is used by the wrong people. He initially becomes Spider-Man to hunt down the man who kills his uncle, but later uses it primarily to protect the people of New York City and prevent the wrong people from using his father's work.


title: Gullah

text: The Gullah were able to keep parts of their African culture, but were also influenced by North American culture. The Gullah people speak a creole language that is based on English, but has many African loanwords.


title: Languages of South Asia

text: Only some of the Iranic languages are from South Asia. Others are from West Asia or Central Asia. This table shows the total number of people who speak each language.


text: In this movie series, Peter is a very smart but mischievous person, but learns to be more responsible once he becomes Spider-Man. He is very handy with computers and technology, even making his own suit, and likes to ride his skateboard prior to becoming Spider-Man. His love interest is Gwen Stacy.


title: Gullah

text: The name "Gullah" may come from Angola, where the ancestors of some Gullah people likely came from. They created a new culture from the numerous African peoples brought into Charleston and South Carolina. Other scholars think that it came from the name of other ethnic groups in Africa.


title: Languages of South Asia

text: A number of Tibeto-Burman languages are spoken in Nepal, Bhutan, Northeast India, Bangladesh, North India, and North Pakistan.


text: Andrew Garfield's portrayal has been liked, particularly how accurate his performance is to the comics in regards to portraying Spider-Man as the superhero. However, his portrayal of Peter Parker in his regular life has been noted as different than usual, with some calling his interpretation "too cool for Peter Parker".


title: Gullah

text: Along the western coast of Africa, the people had cultivated African rice for 3,000 years. When British colonial planters discovered that rice would grow in the American South, they wanted enslaved Africans from this region. Africans were taken as slaves from the Western region of Africa (in what is today Sierra Leone), transported to the Americas, and were traded in Charlestowne, South Carolina. These African farmers brought their skills for farming and irrigation.


title: Languages of South Asia

text: Most Austroasiatic languages are spoken in Southeast Asia, rather than South Asia. The Austronesian languages spoken in South Asia are part of the Munda and Khasic branches.


title: Gullah

text: According to British historian P.E.H. Hair, Gullah culture had elements of many different African cultures. The Gullah people were able to keep much of their African culture because the climate and geography of this area were similar to Africa, and because slaves lived in large groups and had little interaction with whites.


title: Languages of South Asia

text: Most Kra-Dai languages are spoken in East Asia and Southeast Asia. About 10,000 people speak these languages in South Asia, in Assam and the surrounding area.


title: Gullah

text: The slaves also brought the diseases malaria and yellow fever. These diseases spread to English and European settlers because of the subtropical climate, and became endemic in the region. Africans had more immunity to these diseases. Many white planters left the area during seasons when the diseases were more common. The European or African "rice drivers", or overseers, were left in charge of the plantations.


title: Languages of South Asia

text: There are several native languages to the Andaman Islands. Originally they were grouped into Great Andamanese, Ongan, Jangil, and Sentinelese. Today, people have stopped speaking some of these languages, making them extinct.


title: Gullah

text: In the U.S. Civil War, white planters on the Sea Islands were afraid of an invasion by US naval forces. They left their plantations and went to the mainland. When Union forces arrived on the Sea Islands in 1861, the Gullah people wanted freedom. Many Gullahs served in the Union Army. The Sea Islands were the first place in the South where slaves were freed. Long before the end of the War, Unitarian missionaries came to start schools for the newly freed slaves.


title: Languages of South Asia

text: The Burushaski language is spoken by about 100,000 people in North Pakistan. The Kusunda language is spoken by less than 100 people in Nepal. The Nihali language is spoken by 2,000 or so people in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. All of these are considered language isolates.


title: Gullah

text: After the Civil War ended, the Gullah became more isolated from the outside world. This happened because the rice planters on the mainland left their farms and moved away from the area. The Gullahs continued to practice their traditional culture with little influence from the outside world until the 20th century.


title: Gullah

text: In 2006, the U.S. Congress passed the "Gullah/Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor Act". This act will provide $10 million over 10 years to preserve Gullah historic sites. The Heritage Corridor will extend from southern North Carolina to northern Florida.


title: Gullah

text: The Gullah people still have their traditional culture. Their traditions have survived in the Lowcountry mainland and on the Sea Islands, and also in urban areas such as Charleston and Savannah, Georgia. Gullah people who have moved far away have also preserved their traditions. In the summer, they usually send their children back to rural communities in South Carolina and Georgia, where they live with grandparents, uncles, and aunts.


title: State President of South Africa

text: The state president of the Republic of South Africa () was the head of state of South Africa from 1961 to 1994. The office was created when the country became a republic in 1961. The office was abolished in 1994 when Nelson Mandela was democratically elected as the first President of South Africa.


title: Big Bend (Florida)

text: The Big Bend of Florida, U.S.A., is an informal region of the state. There are not official boundaries.


title: Jenna Norodom

text: Jenna Norodom (born March 11, 2012) also known as Princess Jenna is a member of the Cambodian royal family.


title: Precious Brady-Davis

text: Precious Brady-Davis (born 1986/1987) is an American transgender climate activist. She is also a LGBTQ+ activist. She is the most seen trans woman of color climate activist. She worked at the Halsted LGBTQ communtiy center. There she was Mentor of LGBTQ+ teens. She wrote the best-selling book, "I Have Always Been Me". Today, she is the director of communications at the Sierra Club. She and Miles Brady-Davis, her transmasculine husband, had a baby girl in 2019. The baby's birth certificate listed Brady-Davis' proper genders.