title: Thin layer chromatography

text: Once a plate has been spotted, it is placed into a glass container with a small amount of solvent. This solvent is called the mobile phase. It is important that the height of the solvent is below the height that the compound was spotted on the plate. As the solvent moves up the TLC plate by capillary action, the compound will also move. The compound will be separated into its components based upon each component’s attraction for the stationary phase versus the mobile phase. Components that are attracted to the mobile phase more than they are attracted to the stationary phase will move further up the column. Attractive forces are based on polarity differences.


title: Thin layer chromatography

text: The TLC plate should be removed before the solvent reaches the top of the plate. Separated compounds will sometimes be colored, but further work is often required for analysis. Many compounds will be illuminated when the TLC plate is placed under an ultraviolet lamp. TLC plates are also commonly dipped in stains (such as anisaldehyde, potassium permanganate, or iodine) to force a compound to appear on the plate.


title: Thin layer chromatography

text: TLC is commonly used by organic chemists to monitor the progress of reactions. The presence of starting material and products may be monitored using a single TLC plate.


title: Thin layer chromatography

text: Based on the results of a TLC experiment, a larger volume of mixture may be separated by another technique (like column chromatography) using a similar solvent system. Or, a TLC experiment may be repeated using a different solvent. Mixtures of solvents may also be used. Use of different solvents will affect how well individual components are separated on the TLC plate.


title: Billy McNeill

text: William McNeill (2 March 1940 – 22 April 2019) was a Scottish football player and manager. He played as a defender.


title: Unit

text: For example, a football team may be called "X United". This means that the town of X has come together to support the group.


title: Billy McNeill

text: McNeill was born in Bellshill. He played for nearby club Blantyre Victoria before signing for Celtic in 1957. During his playing career at Celtic, McNeill was the captain of the clubs most successful sides of the 1960s and 1970s. In his 18 seasons at the club, Celtic won many honours. This totalled nine league titles, seven Scottish Cups, six Scottish League Cups and one European Cup. In the 1966–67 season, Celtic won the European Cup Final against Inter Milan, with McNeill as captain. This was the first European Cup won by a British side, and the only to date won by a Scottish side. Celtic again made the European Cup Final in 1970. However, McNeill's side lost to Feyenoord.


title: Unit

text: In the BBC TV series Doctor Who, UNIT (UNified Intelligence Taskforce) is a military group on earth who battle invading aliens.


title: Billy McNeill

text: McNeill played all of his senior games for Celtic. This makes him the Celtic player with the most games played for the club at 822. He retired from playing in 1975.


title: Billy McNeill

text: McNeill played for Scotland between 1961 and 1972. In the 29 games played for his country, he scored three goals.


title: Billy McNeill

text: Soon after retirement from playing, McNeill became a football manager. For a short time, he managed Clyde. He left Clyde after a short time for Aberdeen. He finished as a runner-up in the league and Scottish Cup with Aberdeen. Celtic manager Jock Stein left the club in 1978. McNeill soon became Celtic's manager. As Celtic manager between 1978 and 1983, he won three league titles, a Scottish Cup and a Scottish League Cup. He would go on to manage English sides Manchester City (1983–86) and Aston Villa (1986–87).


title: Billy McNeill

text: McNeill returned to manage Celtic in 1987. In his first season in his second stint, Celtic won the league and Cup double. The next season, 1988–89, the side won another Scottish Cup. However, the next two seasons saw no trophies won at Celtic and McNeill was sacked in May 1991. He never returned to full management but was caretaker manager at Hibernian for a short time in 1998.


title: Billy McNeill

text: McNeill was awarded an MBE in 1974. He also wrote three books, "For Celtic and Scotland" (1966), "Back to Paradise" (1988) and "Hail Cesar" (2004).


title: Billy McNeill

text: In February 2017, McNeill's family said that he had been living with dementia for many years. He died on 22 April 2019, at the age of 79.


title: Early Modern English

text: Early Modern English is the period of the English language when both the written and the spoken English language begins to be familiar to English speakers today, or speakers of Modern English. That is the period in which William Shakespeare wrote his plays. What sets Early Modern English apart from Middle English is the Great Vowel Shift, when all long vowel sounds changed to their current sounds.


title: Unbipentium

text: Unbipentium is a hypothetical (theoretical or imagined) element of the periodic table. It is also known as eka-neptunium.


title: Unbipentium

text: The atomic number of this element is 125. It has the symbol Ubp. The name Unbipentium and the symbol Ubp are temporary IUPAC names. This name and symbol exist until a permanent name is decided. It is expected to be a g-block element and an superactinides. It is the sixth element in the eighth period of the periodic table.


title: Unbipentium

text: The synthesis of unbipentium was first attempted in 1977 by bombarding a target of Americium-238 with zinc-65 ions at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany:


title: Evolution (professional wrestling)

text: Evolution is a professional wrestling stable that competes in the WWE. The stable was created on January 20, 2003 and broke up on October 3, 2005.


title: Evolution (professional wrestling)

text: The members of the stable were Triple H, Randy Orton, Batista and Ric Flair. Triple H acted as the leader and Flair acted as a mentor. The members of the stable each portrayed evolutions of professional wrestling with Ric Flair being "the past", Triple H being "the present" and Randy Orton and Batista being "the future". They all portrayed heels.


title: Evolution (professional wrestling)

text: On April 14, 2014, Evolution, not including Ric Flair, reunited. They came down to the ring to their theme "Line in the Sand" by Motörhead and attacked The Shield.


title: Evolution (professional wrestling)

text: On the June 2 episode of "Raw", Batista quit the WWE after he had his title match request denied by Triple H. Later in the night, Triple H said that he had a "Plan B" in his quest to destroy the Shield, which prompted Rollins to turn on and attack his group members Reigns and Ambrose.


title: Jay Carney

text: James "Jay" Carney (born May 22, 1965) is an American journalist. He was the 28th White House Press Secretary. He worked for President Barack Obama's cabinet. His term began in February 2011. He resigned (decided to start working in a new place) in May 2014 and left office in June 2014. He was succeeded by Josh Earnest.


title: Later medieval artists

text: This a list of later medieval artists. It begins in the 13th century (1200s) and includes famous painters and sculptors.


title: Later medieval artists

text: Each artist is listed with their dates, place of birth, some places that they worked, their media (the type of artwork that they made), one or two most famous works and some art galleries where their works can be seen.


title: Later medieval artists

text: These artists, before the Renaissance, painted in the style of Greek icons. Their paintings were important to the education of many Renaissance painters, and were to be seen in the churches where the Renaissance painters worked, and worshipped. Often an altarpiece by one of these artists was surrounded by frescoes by the Renaissance painters who lived 150 to 200 years later. A famous "Madonna and Child" by Coppo di Marcovaldo stood above the altar where Masaccio, Masolino and Filippo Lippi painted the walls of the Brancacci Chapel. Giotto, who is thought of as the first Renaissance painter, was educated by Cimabue, one of the great masters of the Late Byzantine style.


title: Later medieval artists

text: Proto-Renaissance artists worked before 1400 in Italy when the Renaissance style was slowly developing.


title: Single parent

text: A single parent is a parent who lives with their children but does not live with a spouse or partner. People may become single parents if they are breaking up with the other parent. This may happen because of domestic violence, sexual assault/rape, because the woman gives birth alone, because of abandonment, or by choice. Single-parent families are those having children that are in the control of one parent.


title: Single parent

text: In homes in OECD countries in 2011, single-parent homes made up about 3-11%. The average was 7.5%. The percentage was highest in Australia (10%), Canada (10%), Mexico (10%), the United States (10%), Lithuania (10%), Costa Rica (11%), Latvia(11%) and New Zealand (11%). It was the lowest in Japan (3%), Greece (4%), Switzerland (4%), Bulgaria (5%), Croatia (5%), Germany (5%), Italy (5%) and Cyprus (5%).


title: Single parent

text: In homes having children in 2005–09, the percentage of single-parent homes was 10% in Japan, 16% in the Netherlands, 19% in Sweden, 20% in France, 22% in Denmark, 22% in Germany, 23% in Ireland, 25% in Canada, 25% in the United Kingdom and 30% in the United States. The U.S. majority increased from 20% in 1980 to 30% in 2008.


title: Single parent

text: In all OECD countries, most single-parent homes included a mother. Between 9% and 25% included a father. The lowest numbers were for Estonia (9%), Costa Rica (10%), Japan (10%), Ireland (10%) and the United Kingdom. The highest were in Norway (22%), Spain (23%), Sweden (24%), Romania (25%) and the United States (25%).


title: Single parent

text: In most single-parent families, the parent is the mother. In 2016, the number of 6–12 year olds living mostly with their fathers was between 5% and 36% in the many OECD countries. It was highest in Belgium (17%), Iceland (19%), Slovenia (20%), France (22%), Norway (23%) and Sweden (36%). It was the lowest in Lithuania (4%), Ireland (5%), Poland (5%), Estonia (7%), Austria (7%) and the United Kingdom (8%). In the United States it was 15%.


title: Single parent

text: Over 9.5 million American families are each run by one woman. Single mothers are likely to have mental health problems, trouble with money, be at risk of poverty and receive low levels of social support. The mental health problems that affect single mothers include anxiety and depression.


title: Single parent

text: Often, low-income women cannot get good mental health care services. These women are less likely to receive mental health treatment.


title: Single parent

text: Children raised by a single parent are more likely than two-parent children to have these problems: failing grades at school, committing crimes, substance abuse, poverty and being dependent on welfare. One study showed that many American children from single-parent families are less good at mathematics and reading tests than other American children.


title: Single parent

text: In Sweden, research has shown that children living with one parent have far worse well-being, family relationships, mental health, peer friendships, physical health, bullying and cultural activities than families with both parents.


title: Single parent

text: Experts disagree about what the most important part of a family is, especially experts in the United States. Some people say that a single parent family is not really a family.


title: Lake Geneva

text: Lake Geneva (, , or "Genfer See") is the second largest lake in Central Europe. The lake forms the border between France and Switzerland. About three fifths are in Switzerland. In total, it is about 580 km in size. At its deepest point it is 310 m deep, which makes it France's deepest lake. The biggest contributing river is the Rhone, other important tributaries are the Dranse, the Venoge and the Aubonne. The Rhone traverses the lake, and exits at Geneva. On average, its waters take 11.4 years to traverse the lake. Other than Geneva, important Swiss cities at the lakeshore are Lausanne, Montreux and Vevey. The biggest French city at the lakeshore is Thonon-les-Bains, the best known is Évian-les-Bains.


title: Lake Geneva

text: The Pierres du Niton are two erratic stones in the lake in Geneva. They were deposited there during the last ice age.


title: Minnesota Vikings

text: The Minnesota Vikings are a professional American football team in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Vikings play in the National Football Conference of the National Football League (NFL). They are in the NFC North division. The Vikings have won their division 16 times, which is the third most among teams that are playing in the NFL now. They appeared in four Super Bowls during the 1970s, and lost all four of them.


title: Minnesota Vikings

text: The team is called the Vikings because the state of Minnesota was settled by a great many people of Scandinavian ancestry. The historical Vikings originated in Scandinavia.


title: Hound Dog (song)

text: Hound Dog is a song written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. It was first sung by Willie May Thornton in March 1953, but is best known by Elvis Presley in 1956. The genre is twelve-bar blues.


title: Tall Girl

text: Tall Girl is a 2019 American teen romantic comedy film. It was directed by Nzingha Stewart, from a screenplay by Sam Wolfson. It stars Ava Michelle, Griffin Gluck, Sabrina Carpenter, Paris Berelc, Luke Eisner, Clara Wilsey, Anjelika Washington, Rico Paris, Angela Kinsey, and Steve Zahn. It was released by Netflix on September 13, 2019. A sequel to the film was released on February 11, 2022.


title: Tall Girl

text: Jodi Kreyman is 16 and tall. She has been tall for her age since she was three, which has made her insecure her whole life. Students continually ask Jodi, "how's the weather up there?". In contrast, Jodi's older sister Harper is of average height and a multiple beauty pageant winner. Jack Dunkleman, a life-long friend, frequently asks her out, but she is reluctant, partly because he's much shorter than her.


title: Tall Girl

text: Stig Mohlin, a Swedish foreign exchange student, joins Jodi's class, and she is immediately interested, along with most girls in her school. However, Kimmy Stitcher, her bully, starts showing him around. Dunkleman is distressed to learn that Stig will be staying at his house as the host family. Jodi asks Harper for help getting Stig to notice her. Harper and their mother help her with a complete makeover.


title: Tall Girl

text: Kimmy and Schnipper prank call Jodi, pretending to be Stig and asking her to homecoming. To Fareeda's frustration, Jodi hides in the bathroom to avoid Kimmy. Stumbling across Stig playing the piano, he encourages her to play, and they sing the duet "I've Never Been in Love Before" from the musical "Guys and Dolls".


title: Tall Girl

text: Jodi finds her father has organized a Tip Toppers (tall people club) chapter meeting in their house, which she finds upsetting. Stig calls, and at first, thinking it is another prank call, she yells at him, but he invites her to watch a musical. She turns up to Dunkleman's house, and he becomes jealous when he realizes she is there to see Stig. He continually interrupts their evening, but as Stig escorts Jodi home, they kiss. Later, feeling guilty, Stig asks Dunkleman for advice, and he tells him to focus on being with Kimmy. Jodi gets angry at Dunkleman when she learns this.


title: Tall Girl

text: Meanwhile, another girl—Liz—asks Dunkleman on a date. Schnipper is now interested in Jodi, so he gets Kimmy to ask her to join them for an escape room; Jodi ditches a concert with Fareeda to go. In the escape room, they kiss in couples: Jodi and Schnipper, Kimmy and Stig, and Dunkleman and Liz, until Jodi gets frustrated and leaves. Jealous, Stig talks to Jodi and agrees to go on a date to Harper's pageant competition. Harper wins, but Stig does not turn up. At Dunkleman's party, Stig explains that he lost track of time helping Dunkleman set up.


title: Tall Girl

text: Dunkleman rejects Liz when she asks him to the homecoming dance. He gives Jodi platform heels to apologize for being a bad friend. Jodi is sent a video from after she left the party. Stig pretended that Jodi had an unrequited love for him. Standing up for Jodi, Dunkleman first called him out. Then he had a fistfight with Schnipper.


title: Tall Girl

text: At the homecoming dance, Kimmy and Stig are crowned Homecoming Queen and King, but he breaks up with her. Jodi arrives in the high heels Dunkleman gave her and made a speech expressing newfound confidence in herself. Stig asks Jodi out, but she rejects him. She talks to Dunkleman: he reveals the reason he always carries a milk crate. He stands on it and leans in to kiss her.


title: 1998 FIFA World Cup

text: The 1998 FIFA World Cup was a football sporting event that was held in France from 10 June to 12 July 1998. 32 teams took part from many countries. France won the trophy after beating Brazil in the final 3-0.


title: Quirinal Palace

text: The Quirinal Palace (known in Italian as the Palazzo del Quirinale or simply Quirinale) is a historical building in Rome, Italy. It is the official residence of the President of the Italian Republic.


title: Quirinal Palace

text: The palace is on the Quirinal Hill, the tallest of the seven hills of Rome. It housed thirty popes, four kings and eleven presidents of the Italian Republic.


title: Quirinal Palace

text: The current site of the palace has been in use since Roman times. The Quirinal is the highest hill in Rome.


title: Quirinal Palace

text: The palace, on the "Via del Quirinale" and facing onto the "Piazza del Quirinale", was built beginning in 1573 by Pope Gregory XIII


title: Quirinal Palace

text: In 1946, the palace became the official residence and workplace for the Presidents of the Italian Republic.


title: Gastritis

text: Gastritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach. It has many possible causes. The main causes are drinking too much alcohol, or using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (also known as NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen for too long. Sometimes gastritis starts after major surgery, serious injury, burns, or infections. People who have had weight loss surgery may also get gastritis. Long term causes are infection with bacteria, mainly "Helicobacter pylori". Certain diseases, such as pernicious anemia, chronic bile reflux, stress and certain autoimmune disorders can cause gastritis as well. The most common symptom is abdominal pain. Other symptoms are indigestion, abdominal bloating, nausea, and vomiting. Some may have a feeling of fullness or burning in the upper abdomen. A gastroscopy, blood test, complete blood count test, or a faeces test may be used to diagnose gastritis. Treatment includes taking antacids or other medicines, such as proton pump inhibitors or antibiotics, and avoiding hot or spicy foods. For those with pernicious anemia, B injections are given.


title: Italian Renaissance

text: The Italian Renaissance ( ) was the earliest beginning of the general European Renaissance. It was a period of great cultural change and achievement that began in Italy during the 14th century. It lasted into the 17th century, marking the gradual change between Medieval and Early Modern Europe. The term "renaissance" is a modern one that was first used in 1858 by French historian Jules Michelet. The Italian renaissance was a period of gradual change. Some parts can be traced back to the earlier part of the 14th century. Other parts did not happen until the end of the century. The French word "renaissance" ("Rinascimento" in Italian) means "Rebirth". The era is best known for the renewed interest in the culture of classical antiquity. While it started as a humanist movement it spread to other areas including science, religion, art and exploration. During this period William Shakespeare wrote his plays, Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa, and Martin Luther had started a new religious movement. It saw Christopher Columbus discover the Americas and Johannes Gutenberg introduced printing to Europe. The Italian "rebirth" gradually spread into Northern Europe. As it moved northward, it changed into less a classical movement and more into a religious movement.


title: Hallux

text: The hallux, also called the big toe, is the toe innermost (closest to the middle of the body) of the foot. It is usually the biggest toe in the body.


title: Hallux

text: In humans, the hallux is longer than the toes next to it; this is inherited. Humans are unusual amongst hominids in walking upright, and their feet are adapted to their locomotion.


title: Hallux

text: In other animals the foot is organised differently. Mammals usually move on four legs with paws. In some birds, the hallux is pointed backwards: it helps to grip.


title: Harm

text: Harm is physical or psychological or emotional damage or injury to a person, animal or other legal entity.


title: Dhar Mann

text: Dharminder Mann (born May 29, 1984) is an American entrepreneur, video producer, internet personality and YouTuber.


title: Harm

text: It is generally believed that humans, in addition to other sentient animal species, possess an aversion to causing harm to others.


title: West-Eastern Divan Orchestra

text: The West-Eastern Divan is an orchestra for young people. It is based in Sevilla, Spain. The musicians in the orchestra come from Israel and its surrounding Arab countries.


title: West-Eastern Divan Orchestra

text: The orchestra was started in 1999 by the Jewish conductor Daniel Barenboim and the Palestinian-American academic Edward Said (pronounce: Sah—eed). The name of the orchestra comes from a group of poems by the German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.


title: West-Eastern Divan Orchestra

text: The West-Eastern Divan Orchestra was started to help bring Israelis and Palestinians together to work for peace and to help solve the fight between Israel and Palestine. The idea was to let Israelis and Arabs work together in countries which had nothing to do with the conflict.


title: West-Eastern Divan Orchestra

text: The first workshop of the orchestra took place in Weimar, Germany because it was the 1999 European cultural town. Barenboim chose two leaders for the orchestra: one Israeli and one Arab. They worked with some very famous musicians including the cellist Yo Yo Ma. In 2000 the orchestra met again in Weimar, in 2001 they met in Chicago. Since 2002 they have met every year in Seville.


title: West-Eastern Divan Orchestra

text: The West-Eastern Divan Workshop takes place during several weeks each summer in Andalusia. After the workshop has finished, the orchestra travel to other places to give concerts. They have given concerts in many parts of Europe, North America, South America. In 2004 they performed an historic concert in Ramallah in Palestine. After the concert Barenboim said that the people of Israel and Palestine had a shared future. He said: “Either we all kill each other, or we share what there is to share. It is this message that we come here to bring."


title: West-Eastern Divan Orchestra

text: In 2004, the Barenboim-Said Foundation, based in Seville, was started to help develop several education projects. Money is given for this by the Junta de Andalucía (Regional Government of Andalusia). The Foundation helps with the orchestra as well as with projects such as the Early Childhood Musical Education Project in Seville.


title: West-Eastern Divan Orchestra

text: The orchestra has won prizes and made recordings. A film called "Knowledge is the Beginning" was made about them.


title: West-Eastern Divan Orchestra

text: In August 2009 the orchestra will give three concerts at the BBC Proms including a concert performance of Beethoven’s opera Fidelio which has a story about people who have been put in prison for their political ideas.


title: Elijah

text: Elijah of Tishbe is a person in the Abrahamic religions. His name means "Yahweh is God". He was a prophet in the Kingdom of Israel in the 9th century BC. He appears in the Hebrew Bible, Baha'i scripture, Mishnah, New Testament, and the Qur'an. He is best known for being Israel's most famous prophet, his brave challenge to Baal's prophets on Mt. Carmel, and going up to heaven in a whirlwind.


title: Elijah

text: Elijah went to the king, Ahab, who rejected God because of his even more sinful wife, Jezebel of Tyre, who stood as a symbol of Israel's unfaithfulness. He went to Ahab and God said through his lips (1 Kings chapter 17, NIV), "As the Lord, the God of Israel lives, whom I serve, there will be neither dew nor rain in the next few years except at my word."


title: Elijah

text: Then Elijah followed the Lord's command and "went eastward and hid in the Kerith Ravine, east of the Jordan."


title: Elijah

text: The ravens brought him bread and meat in the morning and bread and meat in the evening, and he drank from the brook (because it did not rain, as he prophesied).


title: Elijah

text: But then the brook dried up because of so little rain, and Elijah received the message from the Lord: "Go at once to Zarephath of Sidon and stay there. I have commanded a widow in the place to supply you with food" (1 Kings 17:9).


title: Elijah

text: But when he called her and requested her to get himself some jar in a water and bread, she objected, (1 Kings 17:12) "As surely as the Lord your God lives, I don't have any bread - only a handful of flour in a jar and a little oil in a jug. I am gathering a few sticks to take home and make a meal for myself and my son, that we may eat it - and die."


title: Elijah

text: Then Elijah said to the widow, "Don't be afraid. Go home and do as you have said. But first make a small cake of bread for me from what you have and bring it to me, and then make something for yourself and your son. For this is what the Lord, the God of Israel says: 'The jar of flour will not be used up nd the jug of oil will not run dry until the day the Lord gives rain on the land.'" So the widow did as Elijah told her to do, and there was enough food in the widow's house for everybody.


title: Elijah

text: But then the son of the widow grew ill. He finally, after growing more and more worse, stopped breathing.


title: Elijah

text: The widow became so very worried, and called Elijah--"What do you have against me, man of God? Did you come to remind me of my sin and kill my son?"


title: Elijah

text: And Elijah replied, "Give me your son." He took him and carried him to the upper room where he was staying, and laid him on his bed. Then he cried out to the Lord, "O Lord my God, have you brought tragedy also upon this widow I am staying with, by causing her son to die?" Then he stretched himself upon the boy three times (probably to give to the boy his body warmth, though his prayer shows that he expected the life of the child to come back as an answer to prayer, not by physical touch), and cried out to the Lord, "O Lord my God, let this boy's life return to him!"


title: Elijah

text: And the boy returned to life, making the woman admit that Elijah is "a man of God and that the word of the Lord from your mouth is the truth": a confession the Lord's own people Israel had not made. This is the first example of raising the dead in the Bible.


title: Elijah

text: Then Elijah went to "present himself to Ahab" as the Lord commanded him to, and he met Obadiah, the honorable man who had kept loyal to the Lord and had hidden 100 priests of God that King Ahab had tried to kill. Obadiah recognized Elijah and respectfully bowed down to the ground, exclaiming, "Is it really you, my lord Elijah?"


title: Elijah

text: Elijah replied yes, and ordered him to go and tell Ahab that he is here. Obadiah refused, crying, "What have I done you wrong that you are handing your servant over to Ahab to be put to death?" and declaring how he had "hid a hundred of the Lord's prophets in two caves, fifty in each, and supplied them with food and water." and that if Ahab came and saw that Elijah was gone and not here, he would surely kill him.


title: Elijah

text: Elijah replied, the more the calmly, "As the Lord Almighty lives, whom I serve, I will surely present myself to Ahab today."


title: Elijah

text: So Obadiah went to meet Ahab and told him, and Ahab went to meet Elijah. They argued, and Elijah told Ahab to "summon the people from all over Israel" to meet him on the Mount Carmel, and to "bring the four hundred and fifty prophets of Baal and the four hundred prophets of Asherah, who eat at Jezebel's table". And surprisingly, Ahab obeyed him.


title: Elijah

text: Then, when all the Israelis and prophets of Baal were summoned, they prepared two altars - one for Elijah, and for the Lord the God of Israel - and one for the priests of Baal. Then Elijah went to the people and said, "How long will you waver between two opinions? If the Lord is God, follow him; but if Baal is God, follow him." but the people did nor say anything, so he continued: "I am the only one of the Lord's prophets left, but Baal has four hundred and fifty prophets. Get two bulls for us. Let them choose one for themselves, and let them cut it into pieces and put it on the wood but not set fire to it. I will prepare the other bull and put it on the wood but not set fire to it. Then you call on the name of your god, and I will call on the name of the Lord. The god who answers by fire--he is the God." (1 Kings 18:20)


title: Elijah

text: The people agreed to this, and they did as Elijah said. Then the priests of Baal all prepared the bull, and called to Baal all morning till noon. "O Baal, answer us!" but the so-called "Baal" made no reply at all - and the prophets grew weary and discouraged. Elijah, however, was pleased, and he teased them (1 King 18:27), "Shout louder! Surely he is a god! Perhaps he is deep in thought, or busy, or traveling. Maybe he is sleeping and must be awakened." So they shouted even louder and slashed themselves with swords and spears wildly, as was their custom, until the blood flowed from their wounds. After midday passed, it was Elijah's turn - and nobody paid attention to the Baal prophets anymore - so he prepared the sacrifice, and ordered (1 Kings 18:33), "Fill four large jars with water and pour it on the offering and on the wood."


title: Elijah

text: Then, after there was so much water it ran down the trench, he stepped forward and prayed (1 Kings 18:36 to 37): "O Lord, God of Abraham, Isaac and Israel, let it be known today that you are God in Israel and that I am your servant and have done all these things at your command. Answer me, O Lord, answer me, so these people will know that you, O Lord, are God, and that you are turning their hearts back again."


title: Elijah

text: Then the fire of the Lord fell and burned up the sacrifice, the wood, the stones and the soil, and also licked up the water in the trench. All the people were awed, and they "fell prostrate" and repented. Then they all seized the prophets of Baal, as Elijah had told them to, and slaughtered them at Kishon Valley. And Ahab went off to eat and drink as Elijah told him to. Then, after climbing the mountain of Carmel and asking his servant seven times if he saw anything above the ocean, the servant answered him at the seventh time--"A cloud as small as a man's hand is rising from the sea." And Elijah told his servant to inform Ahab to go home, because a big rainstorm was coming. Ahab rushed into his chariot and raced home, but the "Power of the Lord came upon Elijah and, tucking his cloak into his belt, he ran ahead of Ahab all the way to Jezreel".


title: Elijah

text: After that, Ahab told to Jezebel about what had happened about Elijah and how the prophets of Baal had been killed by the people of Israel. Jezebel got angry, and sent a message to Elijah that "by this time of the day tomorrow" she would make his "life like that of one of them", referring to the prophets of Baal.


title: Elijah

text: Elijah became scared, and ran away to Beersheba in Judah, left his servant there, and went ahead for a day's journey in the desert. Finally, he came to a broom tree, sat down under it and prayed that he might die (1 Kings 19:4). "I have had enough, Lord," he complained unhappily, "Take my life; I am no better than my ancestors." And he lay down and fell asleep. But the Lord sent an angel to wake him up and feed him some water and a cake of bread "baked over hot coals". Elijah ate and drank and lay down again, and the angel came back again and woke him, and gave him more food. Strengthened by that food, Elijah got up and traveled forty days and forty nights until he reached Horeb, the mountain of God. There he went into a cave and spent the night.


title: Elijah

text: He replied not the answer to the Lord's question, but instead of how he had "been very zealous for the Lord God Almighty" and how the Israelites were being unfair to him. The Lord told him to go out and stand on the mountain in the presence of the Lord.


title: Elijah

text: Then the Lord sent a great and powerful wind, and an earthquake, a fire, but the Lord was not in neither: and finally he came in a gentle whisper, and Elijah went out, pulling his cloak over his face. The Lord had tried to show him through all those winds and earthquakes and fires that the Lord was not always harsh, but was more gentle. The Lord asked once again, "What are you doing here, Elijah?" but Elijah again ignored the question and complained about how he had been "Zealous for the Lord God Almighty". So the Lord told him to go anoint many new political and religious leaders, and he did. And he took Elisha, for his next prophet and companion.


title: Elijah

text: After Ahab died, Ahaziah was crowned king, and he became ill. So he sent some people to consult Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron, to see if he would recover. However, God was very angry and told Elijah to prophesy against Ahaziah. So on the way, Elijah went and met the servants, and told them (2 Kings 1:6) as the Lord had instructed him, "Go back to the king who sent you and tell him, 'This is what the Lord says:Is it because there was no God in Israel that you are sending men to consult Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron? Therefore (Because of this) you will not leave the bed you are lying on. You will certainly (surely) die!'" And the messengers did has he was told. At King Ahaziah's questions, they described Elijah as "a man with a garment of hair and with a leather belt around his waist". Elijah's cloak was probably of sheepskin or camel's hair, like John the Baptist's, and showed a big difference from the other rich, well-dressed people at that time. He was protesting against the selfishness of the king and the upper classes. The king recognized Elijah by that description (because Elijah had met Ahab, his father, many times), and sent a captain and fifty men to get him. Maybe Ahaziah thought, like many people at that time who did not believe in God, that if he killed Elijah or forced him to change the curse, it would not happen.


title: Elijah

text: The captain he sent said to Elijah, who was sitting on the top of a hill, "Man of God, the king says, 'Come down!'" Ahaziah was trying to place Elijah, the prophet, under his, a king's, power. According to Israel's covenant (promise) with God, the king was supposed to be under the power of the word of the Lord spoken by his prophets.


title: Elijah

text: But Elijah did not come down instead said (2 Kings 1:10, NIV) "If I am a man of God, may fire come down from heaven and consume you and your fifty men! Then fire fell from heaven and consumed the captain and his men. With this, Elijah was showing the king that in Israel, a king was only a servant of the real king, God. Later, Jesus's warning to his disciples when they were trying to call fire down to destroy the Samaritans was not to disapprove of what Elijah did, but to show his disciples that the problem between Elijah and the king and the unfaithfulness of the Samaritans was very different.


title: Elijah

text: The king sent to Elijah another captain with his fifty men, and they, too, were burned up by fire. Finally, the king sent a third captain with his fifty men, who "...fell on his knees before Elijah..." and bowed before him, humbly asking him to come. Elijah was told by the angel of the Lord to go down, so he went down and told the king again, "You will certainly die!" "So he died, according to the word of the Lord that Elijah had spoken". (2 Kings 1:17, NIV)


title: Elijah

text: After that, Elijah went to Elisha, and they both went on their way from Gilgal. Elijah said to Elisha, "Stay here; the Lord has sent me to Bethel." but Elijah insisted upon going, so they went down together to Bethel.


title: Elijah

text: The company of the prophets at Bethel came out to Elisha and asked, "Do you know that the Lord is going to take your master from you today?"


title: Elijah

text: Elisha said that he knew; but warned them not to speak of it. Then Elijah said to him to stay there, and that the Lord had sent him to the Jordan by himself, but Elisha did not obey, and insisted on going with Elijah. Elijah then asked, "Tell me, what can I do for you before I am taken from you?" and Elisha replied: "Let me inherit a double portion of your spirit."


title: Elijah

text: Elijah then agreed, but only if Elisha would see him be taken to heaven. They were walking along when suddenly a chariot of fire and horses of fire appeared and separated the two of them, and Elijah went up to heaven in a whirlwind. Elisha cried, "My father! My father! The chariots and horsemen of Israel!" Elisha showed Elijah as a symbol of the true strength of Israel. Elisha picked up Elijah's cloak and used it to divide the water in the river of Jordan: so this cloak symbolized that Elisha had now taken Elijah's place.


title: Spencer Tracy

text: Spencer Bonaventure Tracy (April 5, 1900 – June 10, 1967) was an American movie and stage actor who appeared in movies for thirty years.


title: Spencer Tracy

text: In 1999, the American Film Institute named Tracy among the Greatest Male Stars of All Time, ranking 9th on the list of 100. He was nominated for nine Academy Awards for Best Actor, and won it two times, in 1937 and 1938. Along with Tom Hanks, he is one of the only two actors to ever be given two Oscars in two consecutive years. He was a long-time live-in partner of famous actress Katharine Hepburn whilst remaining legally married to another woman until his death. He was diabetic and died of a heart attack. He was a devout Catholic.


title: KDE

text: KDE is a community that produces free software, including a desktop environment called KDE Plasma for operating systems based on Linux or UNIX. This replaces the console, which is simply a black screen with text on it. KDE Plasma is a popular piece of software for users of Linux and UNIX.


title: KDE

text: Plasma runs on top of the X Window System, which runs on top of any UNIX-like operating systems like Linux and Mac OS X.


title: Bullfighting

text: Bullfighting is an old sport. Today it is mostly done in Spain, and in Portugal, and some countries of South America.


title: Bullfighting

text: The largest bullring is the Plaza México in central Mexico City, which seats 48,000 people, and the oldest is the La Maestranza in Seville, Spain, which was first used for bullfighting in 1765.


title: Bullfighting

text: The Spanish bullfight ("Corrida de toros") is a fight to the death. The modern bullfight has a ritual. It has three distinct stages, the start of each being signalled by a trumpet. The bullfighters ("Toreros") enter the arena in a parade, to Paso doble music. The rules, costumes and traditions were sorted out by Paquiro (Francisco Montes Reina, 13 January 1804 4 April 1851, the greatest matador of his time.


title: Bullfighting

text: A team of bullfighters is seven men. The leader is the matador, and he has six assistants, who play roles in the drama. Bullfighters' costumes are inspired by 18th century Andalusian clothing. "Matadores" ('those who kill the bull') are easily seen by the gold of their "traje de luces" ('suit of lights').


title: Bullfighting

text: At the end comes the "tercio de muerte" ('the third of death'). The matador re-enters the ring alone with a small red cape, and a sword. The cape called a "muleta". The matador uses his cape to attract the bull in a series of passes. The "faena" is the performance with the cape. The "faena" ends with a final series of passes in which the bullfighter tries to move the bull into position. He then stabs it between the shoulder blades and through the aorta or heart. The act of thrusting in the sword is called an "estocada".


title: Bullfighting

text: If the matador gets it wrong, he may be gored by the bull's horns, and killed. This does happen: some very famous matadors have died in the ring. When the great matador Manolete was killed in the ring at the age of 31, three days of official national mourning were held. Bullrings do have an infirmary with an operating room, for the immediate treatment of bullfighters with horn wounds.


title: Bullfighting

text: There is great opposition to the bullfight from animal welfare organisations. There are also versions of the bullfight in which the animal is unharmed.


title: Bullfighting

text: Bullfighting has influenced all forms of art and culture. Ernest Hemingway said of bullfinghting: "Bullfighting is the only art in which the artist is in danger of death and in which the degree of brilliance in the performance is left to the fighter's honour". Spanish dance and musical forms such as the paso doble and flamenco are heavily influenced by the spectacle of the bullfight.


title: Scale (zoology)

text: In zoology, a scale is a small, hard plate that grows out of an animal's skin to give it protection. Fish and reptiles have scales.


title: Chervil

text: Chervil ("Anthriscus cerefolium") is a herb that is related to parsley. It is sometimes called garden chervil.


title: Scale (zoology)

text: In animals such as butterflies and moths, scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing. They are often beautifully coloured.


title: Chervil

text: Sometimes called "gourmet's parsley", chervil is put in poultry, seafood, and small vegetables. It is particularly famous in France, where it is added to omelettes, salads and soups. More delicate than parsley, it has a small taste of liquorice.


title: Chervil

text: Chervil had several traditional uses. Pregnant women were washed in an infusion of it; a lotion of chervil was used as for cleaning skin; and it was used medicinally as a blood purifier. It was also said to be useful for curing hiccups.


title: Gravitational field

text: In physics, a gravitational field is a model used to explain the influence that a massive body has. The influence extends into the space around itself, producing a force on another massive body. Thus, a gravitational field is used to explain gravitational phenomena (effects). It is measured in newtons per kilogram (N/kg).


title: Gravitational field

text: In the original Newtonian concept, gravity was a force between point masses. Following Newton, Laplace attempted to model gravity as some kind of radiation field or fluid. Since the 19th century explanations for gravity have in terms of a field model, rather than a point attraction. This revolution was brought about by Einstein's general theory of relativity. Most scientists believe that the gravitational field and its gravitational waves are the physical interpretations of Einstein's equations of general relativity.


title: Gravitational field

text: In a field model, rather than two particles attracting each other, the mass of objects distort spacetime. This distortion is what is perceived and measured as a "force". In such a model matter moves in certain ways in response to the curvature of spacetime. One can say either "there is no gravitational force", or that "gravity is a fictitious force".


title: Paramagnetism

text: Paramagnetism is a form of magnetism whereby some materials are weakly attracted by an applied magnetic field and form induced magnetic fields in the direction of the magnetic field. Paramagnetic materials include most chemical elements and some compounds. They have a relative magnetic permeability that is a little bit higher than 1. The magnetic moment caused by the applied magnetic field is linear in the field strength and weak.


title: Candy Crush Saga

text: Candy Crush Saga is a video game that was developed by King in April 2012. As of March 2013, Candy Crush Saga is the most popular game on Facebook. It has 45.6 million average monthly users.


title: Candy Crush Saga

text: The aim of the game is to make matches of three or more candies vertically or horizontally. Depending on the type of level, the player must earn as much points as they can, or they must clear all the jelly, or they must allow ingredients to come to the bottom of the screen. If the player loses a level, they will lose lives. If they lose all their lives, the lives will need to recharge by time.


title: Candy Crush Saga

text: Plan your moves by matching at least 3 confections straight, utilizing sponsors carefully to defeat those extra tacky riddles! Shoot the chocolate and gather sweet candy across a huge number of levels, ensuring to make them ache for more!


title: Candy Crush Saga

text: However, some people who hate this game think that it reduces the productivity of society. They are also worried that "Candy Crush Saga" makes children get addicted very easily.


title: Raisa Gorbachova

text: Raisa Maximovna Gorbacheva ( "Raisa Maksimovna Gorbachyova", née Titarenko, Титаре́нко; 5 January 1932 – 20 September 1999) was a Soviet activist and philanthropist. She was the wife of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Gorbacheva was the First Lady of the Soviet Union from October 1988 to December 1991.


title: Raisa Gorbachova

text: Gorbacheva suffered from a stroke in October 1993. She was diagnosed with leukemia and died on 20 September 1999 at Münster University Hospital in Germany, aged 67.


title: Tatami

text: Tatami were originally a luxury item for the rich at a time when lower classes had mat-covered dirt floors. Tatami were gradually popularized. They finally reached the homes of commoners towards the end of the 17th century.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (movie)

text: Sonic the Hedgehog 2 is a 2022 science fiction action-adventure movie based on the "Sonic the Hedgehog" video game franchise published by Sega. The movie is the sequel to "Sonic the Hedgehog" (2020), with Jeff Fowler directing from a script that was written by Patrick Casey, Josh Miller, and John Whittington and a story by Casey and Miller. The movie stars Ben Schwartz, Colleen O'Shaughnessey, Idris Elba, James Marsden, Tika Sumpter, Natasha Rothwell, Adam Pally, Shemar Moore, and Jim Carrey. "Sonic the Hedgehog 2" follows Sonic and Tails as they try to stop Doctor Eggman and Knuckles the Echidna from finding the Master Emerald. It was released in France on March 30, 2022 and on April 8, 2022 in the United States. A third movie and a spin-off series focusing on Knuckles are both in development.


title: Tatami

text: Japanese people have used "tatami" since the Nara Era (710-794). They were knitted and became thicker like modern "tatami". People who lived in the Heian Era stepped onto "tatami" to show their power and they spread the "tatami" only in a necessary part of the room.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (movie)

text: After the events in first movie, Dr Robotnik escapes the Mushroom Planet with the help of Knuckles the Echidna. Once he returns to Earth, Sonic the Hedgehog teams up with Miles "Tails" Prower to stop Robotnik and Knuckles from obtaining the Master Emerald, the most powerful object in the universe.


title: Tatami

text: The use of "tatami" was a little different from now. The "shoin" style of traditional Japanese residential architecture began in the Kamakura Era. During this time, people stopped spreading "tatami" around the room and placing them in the middle. They started to spread "tatami" through the room. People decided to spread "tatami" by the hearth and sit erect with their legs folded under.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (movie)

text: In February 2022, Sega of America and Paramount Pictures said they will be making a third Sonic movie, as well as a Knuckles spin-off series for Paramount+.


title: Tatami

text: "Tatami" has been changing together with people's life style. "Tatami" became common for people in the middle of the Edo Era. Farmers started to use them in the Meiji Era. The removal of "tatami" regulation made them more common in the Meiji Era. Japanese people often dry the "tatami". If the "tatami"'s surface was discolored, people often turned them over. With the economic growth after World War Two people started to use chairs and carpets. Japanese people think flooring is not relaxing or soundproof enough, so people still use "tatami" now.


title: Tatami

text: "Tatami" is made with a rush plant, "igusa". Rush is planted in the rice fields in August. The seedlings are dug out in November, and a good seedling is chosen. The chosen seedlings are planted in the rice fields again in December. By the end of June to the middle of July, the high-quality rush grows up to about one meter tall and it will be harvested the next year.


title: Tatami

text: The rush should be dry after harvesting, and keep the peculiar smell and the color of the rush. The rush is selected according to length and the thickness, and it is checked for bruising.


title: Tatami

text: After the harvest ends, "tatami" is made. Because Japanese rooms are different sizes, "tatami" are made in different sizes. The base of the "tatami" is made first. "Tatami" is woven with a special machine. It similar to the weaving on a kimono. The next part is the wick of tatami, called "toko". When the "toko" is 40 centimeters or more thick, and the shape is straightened. The mat is complete, and that is called "mushiro". The "tatami" is complete when it is joined to the toko and the decoration on the mat edges are sewn.


title: Tatami

text: "Igusa" is a perennial plant of the family of "igusa". "Igusa" smells good. It has a fresh, grassy smell. In English, they are called rushes. "Igusa" blooms from May through June. The plant grows up to a length of 100 centimeters or less. They grow in marshes where sunshine is good. In Japan, there are 30 kinds of "igusa" growing in many different areas.


title: Tatami

text: "Tatami" is made from natural "igusa" that must be flexible from the root to the tip, and the thickness and the color varies slightly. About 4000 to 7000 "igusa" are used for the" tatami". Generally the best "tatami" uses more and longer "igusa" rushes.


title: Tatami

text: There are many benefits in using "igusa" such as air purification, heat insulation, elasticity, cooling (especially in hot summer seasons), eco-friendly and sound absorbing qualities. "Igusa" "tatami" is also smooth to the touch, so it is comfortable for babies and young children. Most Japanese like "tatami". Many homes have at least one tatami room.


title: Tatami

text: "Tatamiberi" is the cloth that covers the edge and also decorates the "tatami". Some "tatami" don’t have it. In English, it is called the mat edge. The width of "tatamiberi" is about three centimeters. The material on the "tatamiberi" is cotton yarn, a synthetic material string, and a gold thread. The features change according to what strings are combining with "tatamiberi". The woven beautiful color handle sets off the room. There are two types, and the atmosphere of the room changes by the "tatamiberi".


title: Tatami

text: There are many kinds of "tatamiberi". But "tatamiberi" was used to show status. For example, the emperor, ministers, priests, and scholars had different styles. It was recorded in "Amanomokuzu" in 1420.


title: Tatami

text: Japan has etiquette about "tatamiberi". Japanese are taught not to step on the "tatamiberi". It is easy to tear "tatamiberi" when stepping in the weakest part. Stepping on "tatamiberi" fades the color on the edge of cotton and hemp in the "tatami". Therefore etiquette means "not to hurt the mat carelessy stepping when you visit another house, pay it attention". Also, family crests were embroidered on the "tatamiberi" in old times, too. Stepping on the family crest was taboo.


title: Desktop publishing

text: Desktop publishing (also known as DTP) is the creation of documents using page layout software on a personal computer.


title: Desktop publishing

text: The term has been used for publishing at all levels, from small-circulation documents such as local newsletters to books, magazines and newspapers. However the term implies a more professional-looking end result, with a more complex layout, than word processing, and so when introduced in the 1980s was often used in connection with homes and small organisations who could not previously produce publication-quality documents themselves.


title: Desktop publishing

text: Desktop publishing began in 1985 with the introduction of MacPublisher, the first WYSIWYG layout program, which ran on the original 128K Macintosh computer. The DTP market exploded in 1985 with the introduction in January of the Apple LaserWriter printer, and later in July with the introduction of PageMaker software from Aldus which rapidly became the DTP industry standard software.


title: Desktop publishing

text: Before the advent of desktop publishing, the only option available to most persons for producing typed (as opposed to handwritten) documents was a typewriter, which offered only a handful of typefaces (usually fixed-width) and one or two font sizes. Indeed, one popular desktop publishing book was actually titled "The Mac is not a typewriter". The ability to create WYSIWYG page layouts on screen and then print pages containing text and graphical elements at crisp 300 dpi resolution was revolutionary for both the typesetting industry and the personal computer industry. Newspapers and other print publications made the move to DTP-based programs from older layout systems in the 1980s.


title: Desktop publishing

text: The term "desktop publishing" is attributed to Aldus Corporation founder Paul Brainerd, who sought a marketing catch-phrase to describe the small size and relative affordability of this software in contrast to the expensive commercial phototypesetting equipment of the day.


title: Desktop publishing

text: Behind-the-scenes technologies developed by Adobe Systems set the foundation for professional desktop publishing applications. Although Macintosh-based systems would continue to dominate the market, in 1986, the GEM-based Ventura Publisher was introduced for MS-DOS computers. While PageMaker's pasteboard metaphor closely simulated creating layouts manually, Ventura Publisher automated layout through its use of style sheets. This software automatically generated indices and other body matter. This made it suitable for manuals and other long-format documents.


title: Desktop publishing

text: During its early years, desktop publishing acquired a bad reputation as a result of untrained users who created poorly-organized layouts — similar criticism would be levied again against early Web publishers a decade later. However, some were able to realize truly professional results.


title: Desktop publishing

text: There are two types of pages in desktop publishing, electronic pages and virtual paper pages to be printed on paper. All computerized documents are technically electronic, and are limited in size only by computer memory or computer data storage space.


title: Desktop publishing

text: Virtual paper pages will ultimately be printed, and therefore require paper parameters that coincide with international standard physical paper sizes such as "A4," "letter," etc., if not custom sizes for trimming. Some desktop publishing programs allow custom sizes designated for large format printing used in posters, billboards and trade show displays. A virtual page for printing has a predesignated size of virtual printing material and can be viewed on a monitor in WYSIWYG format. Each page for printing has trim sizes (edge of paper) and a printable area if bleed printing is not possible as is the case with most desktop printers.


title: Desktop publishing

text: A web page is an example of an electronic page that is not constrained by virtual paper parameters. Most electronic pages may be dynamically re-sized, causing either the content to scale in size with the page or causing the content to re-flow.


title: Desktop publishing

text: Master pages are templates used to automatically copy or link elements and graphic design styles to some or all the pages of a multipage document. Linked elements can be modified without having to change each instance of an element on pages that use the same element. Master pages can also be used to apply graphic design styles to automatic page numbering.


title: Desktop publishing

text: Page layout is how the elements are laid on the page orderly, aesthetically, and precisely. Main types of components to be laid out on a page include text, linked images that can only be modified as an external source, and embedded images that may be modified with the layout application software. Some embedded images are rendered in the application software, while others can be placed from an external source image file. Text may be keyed into the layout, placed, or (with database publishing applications) linked to an external source of text which allows multiple editors to develop a document at the same time.


title: Desktop publishing

text: Graphic design styles such as color, transparency, and filters, may also be applied to layout elements. Typography styles may be applied to text automatically with style sheets. Some layout programs include style sheets for images in addition to text. Graphic styles for images may be border shapes, colors, transparency, filters, and a parameter designating the way text flows around the object called "wraparound" or "runaround."


title: Desktop publishing

text: While desktop publishing software still provides extensive features necessary for print publishing, modern word processors now have publishing capabilities beyond those of many older DTP applications, blurring the line between word processing and desktop publishing.


title: Desktop publishing

text: In the early days of graphical user interfaces, DTP software was in a class of its own when compared to the fairly spartan word processing applications of the time. Programs such as WordPerfect and WordStar were still mainly text-based and offered little in the way of page layout, other than perhaps margins and line spacing. On the other hand, word processing software was necessary for features like indexing and spell checking, features that are common in many applications today.


title: Desktop publishing

text: As computers and operating systems have become more powerful, vendors have sought to provide users with a single application platform that can meet all needs.


title: Desktop publishing

text: The key difference between electronic typesetting software and DTP software is that DTP software is generally interactive and WYSIWYG in design, while other electronic typesetting software requires the user to enter the processing program's markup language without immediate visualization of the finished product.


title: Desktop publishing

text: This kind of workflow is less user-friendly than WYSIWYG, but more suitable for conference proceedings and scholarly articles as well as corporate newsletters or other applications where consistent, automated layout is important.


title: Desktop publishing

text: One of the early and comprehensive reference books on the art of Desktop Publishing is Desktop Publishing For Everyone by K.S.V. Menon. This publication deals with virtually every facet of publishing and nearly all tools available as at the time of the publishing of this book in the year 2000. It is currently out of print.


title: Desktop publishing

text: There is some overlap between desktop publishing and what is known as Hypermedia publishing (i.e. Web design, Kiosk, CD-ROM). Many graphical HTML editors such as Microsoft FrontPage and Adobe Dreamweaver use a layout engine similar to a DTP program. However, some Web designers still prefer to write HTML without the assistance of a WYSIWYG editor, for greater control and because these editors often result in code bloat.


title: Desktop publishing

text: Many books specialise in the details of particular software. These three teach the basics of page layout design on desktop systems.


title: Modern evolutionary synthesis

text: The modern evolutionary synthesis is about evolution. It explained how the discoveries of Gregor Mendel fit with Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by means of natural selection. Mendel found out how we inherit our genes.


title: Paul Sorvino

text: Paul Sorvino (April 13, 1939 – July 25, 2022) was an American actor. He often played authority figures on both sides of the law. He played Paulie Cicero in the 1990 gangster movie "Goodfellas". He also played NYPD Sergeant Phil Cerreta in "Law & Order". He was the father of actress Mira Sorvino.


title: Modern evolutionary synthesis

text: Key biologists who contributed work to the synthesis included: Julian Huxley, Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ernst Mayr, Ronald Fisher, J.B.S. Haldane, Sewall Wright, G.G. Simpson, E.B. Ford, Bernhard Rensch and G. Ledyard Stebbins.


title: Paul Sorvino

text: On July 25, 2022, Sorvino died of natural causes at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida at the age of 83.


title: Modern evolutionary synthesis

text: The modern synthesis brought Darwin's idea up to date. It bridged the gap between different types of biologists: geneticists, naturalists, and palaeontologists.


title: Modern evolutionary synthesis

text: The idea that new species occur after populations split has been much debated. Geographical isolation often leads to speciation. In plants, polyploidy must be included in any view of speciation.


title: Modern evolutionary synthesis

text: Almost all aspects of the synthesis have been challenged at times, with varying degrees of success. There is no doubt, however, that the synthesis was a great landmark in evolutionary biology. It cleared up many confusions, and was directly responsible for stimulating a great deal of research after WWII.


title: Modern evolutionary synthesis

text: Several discoveries in earth sciences and biology have arisen since the synthesis. Listed here are some of those topics which are relevant to the evolutionary synthesis, and which seem soundly based.


title: Modern evolutionary synthesis

text: The Earth is the stage on which the evolutionary play is performed. Darwin studied evolution in the context of Charles Lyell's geology, but we now know more historical geology.


title: Modern evolutionary synthesis

text: Walcott was the first geologist to identify pre-Cambrian fossil bacteria, from microscopic examination of thin rock slices. He also thought stromatolites were organic in origin. His ideas were not accepted at the time, but may now be appreciated as great discoveries.


title: Modern evolutionary synthesis

text: Conclusion: our present knowledge of Earth history strongly suggests that large-scale geophysical events influenced macroevolution and megaevolution. These terms refer to evolution above the species level, including such events as mass extinction, adaptive radiation, and the major transitions in evolution.


title: Modern evolutionary synthesis

text: Starting in the late 20th century scientists made excavations in parts of the world which had scarcely been investigated before. Also, there is fresh appreciation of fossils discovered in the 19th century, but not appreciated at the time. Many outstanding discoveries have been made, and some of these have implications for evolutionary theory.


title: Modern evolutionary synthesis

text: Important work on genetics has led to a new approach to animal development. The field is called evolutionary developmental biology, or evo-devo for short.


title: Modern evolutionary synthesis

text: There is clear proof that much of development is closely controlled by special genetic systems involving hox genes. In his Nobel Prize lecture, E.B. Lewis said "Ultimately, comparisons of the [control complexes] throughout the animal kingdom should provide a picture of how the organisms, as well as the [control genes] have evolved".


title: Modern evolutionary synthesis

text: In 2000, a special section of the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" (PNAS) was devoted to evo-devo, and an entire 2005 issue of the "Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution" was devoted to the key evo-devo topics of evolutionary innovation and morphological novelty.


title: Glock

text: The Glock pistol is a series of polymer-framed semi-automatic pistols. They are designed and produced by Glock Ges.m.b.H. in Deutsch-Wagram, Austria. It entered Austrian Armed Forces and police service by 1982. Different models use different ammunition.


title: Glock

text: There was resistance from the market to accept a "plastic gun", but this was overcome. Glock pistols have become the company's most profitable line of products, with 65% of the market share of handguns for United States law enforcement agencies.They also supply many national armed forces and security agencies around the world. Glocks are also popular firearms amongst civilians in the U.S, for recreational and competition shooting, and for home or self defense.


title: Dream pop

text: Dream pop began in the United Kingdom in the mid-1980s. It is a subgenre of pop rock and alternative rock. Dream pop music is mainly about the singer's ethereal textures and mood (feelings). The musical instruments mainly played on dream pop music are the guitar, bass, drums, and synthesizers. Shoegaze is a type of dream pop. 4AD is a record label that is associated with dream pop. Some dream pop bands are My Bloody Valentine, Cocteau Twins, and Mazzy Star.


title: Jerry Falwell

text: Jerry Lamon Falwell, Sr. (August 11, 1933 – May 15, 2007) was an American evangelical Christian pastor and televangelist. He was the pastor of the Thomas Road Baptist Church, a megachurch in Lynchburg, Virginia. He founded Liberty University in 1971 and co-founded the Moral Majority in 1979. Fallwell was a member of the Southern Baptist Convention.


title: Waggle dance

text: The waggle dance is a special 'figure-of-eight' dance that is done by the honey bee in its hive. By this, a worker tells the others where it has found nectar. This was shown by the Austrian ethologist Karl von Frisch.


title: Waggle dance

text: The dance is a type of communication for bees. It is done to give other bees information about the direction and distance to flowers that have nectar or pollen, or both. It is also used to tell the bees where water can be found.


title: Waggle dance

text: The dance is used for bees to get others to help them collect resources for the hive. It used to be thought that bees have two distinct "recruitment" dances. There were the "round dances" and waggle dances. Round dances were thought to be used for things that were close by and wiggle dances were for things farther away. It is now known that a round dance is only a waggle dance with a very short "waggle run" (see below).


title: Waggle dance

text: A waggle dance is made up of one to 100 or more circuits. Each circuit has two phases. These phases are the waggle phase and the return phase. When a bee returns to the hive after finding a good food source, it performs the dance. The bee will run through a small wave-like pattern (a waggle run or waggle phase). After this, it will turn to the right and circle back to the starting point (the return phase). It will then do another waggle run and then turn to the left and circle back to the beginning. The waggle phase of the dance is the most notable and informative part of the dance.


title: Waggle dance

text: The direction and duration of waggle runs show the direction and distance to flowers. Flowers that are located directly in line with the sun are shown by waggle runs in an upward direction on the vertical combs. If the flowers are at an angle to the right or left of the sun, the waggle run is done at the same angle to the upward direction. The distance between hive and flowers is shown in the duration of the waggle runs. The farther the flowers are from the hive, the longer the waggle phase. For every 100 meters the flowers are distant from the hive, the waggle phase lasts about 75 milliseconds.


title: Waggle dance

text: People study the swarm intelligence of social insects and animals such as fish, birds, and ants. Recently, there has been research on using bee waggle dance behavior for fault-tolerant routing. From the abstract of Wedde, Farooq, and Zhang (2004)


title: Waggle dance

text: Another technique based on bees is called bee colony optimization. It is used help Internet servers communicate better.


title: Khushwant Singh

text: Khushwant Singh (2 February 1915 – 20 March 2014) was an Indian writer, poet and journalist. His work was mostly in English. He was best known for his secularism. He was born in Hadali, British India, which is now Sargodha District, Pakistan.


title: Khushwant Singh

text: Singh died from natural causes on the morning of 20 March 2014 at his home in New Delhi. He was 99 years old.


title: Disgrace of Gijón

text: The "Disgrace of Gijón" is the name given to the 1982 FIFA World Cup match between West Germany and Austria. It was played at the El Molinón stadium in Gijón, Spain, on June 25, 1982. The match was the last game of Group 2, with Algeria and Chile having played the day before. With the outcome of that match already decided, a win by 1 or 2 goals for West Germany would result in both West Germany and Austria qualifying ahead of Algeria, who had defeated West Germany in the first game. West Germany took the lead after 10 minutes, with the remaining 80 minutes being characterized by few serious scoring attempts on either side. Both teams were accused of match-fixing, although FIFA ruled that neither team broke any rules.


title: Disgrace of Gijón

text: As a result of this, and similar events at the previous World Cup in Argentina, FIFA changed the group system for future tournaments, so that the final two games in each group would be played at the same time. In German, the match is known as (lit. "Non-aggression pact of Gijón") or (lit. "Disgrace of Gijón"), while in Algeria it is called (, "Scandal of Gijón"); it is also called the (in reference to the annexation of Austria by Germany in 1938).


title: Disgrace of Gijón

text: Algeria began the tournament with a shock 2–1 win over West Germany on the opening day. This would be described as the "greatest World Cup upset since North Korea beat Italy in 1966", and as "one of the biggest shocks in World Cup history". Algeria became the first African team to defeat a European team at the FIFA World Cup. They then lost 2-0 to Austria, before beating Chile 3–2 in their final match. Algeria's win against Chile made them the first African team to win twice at a World Cup.


title: Disgrace of Gijón

text: West Germany and Austria ended up advancing from the group, at the expense of Algeria. Austria ended up losing to France in Group D, while West Germany lost the final to Italy.


title: Hannah Van Buren

text: Hannah Hoes Van Buren (born Hoes; March 8, 1783 – February 5, 1819) was the wife of the eighth President of the United States, Martin Van Buren. She died in 1819, before Martin Van Buren became President. He never remarried and was one of the few Presidents to be unmarried while in office.


title: Hannah Van Buren

text: During his term, his daughter-in-law, Angelica, performed the role of hostess of the White House and First Lady of the United States.


title: Mega Man X (video game)

text: Mega Man X, called in Japan, is a platform video game made by Capcom for the Super NES game console. It is the first game in the "Mega Man X" series, a spin-off of the "Mega Man" series.


title: Roger Smith (actor)

text: Roger LaVerne Smith (December 18, 1932 – June 4, 2017) was an American television and movie actor, singer and screenwriter. He starred in the television detective series "77 Sunset Strip" and in the comedy series "Mister Roberts". Smith, who went on to manage the career of Ann-Margret, his wife of 50 years.


title: Roger Smith (actor)

text: Smith was born in South Gate, California. He studied at the University of Arizona. In an interview with "The New York Post", Ann-Margret said that he had Parkinson's disease. Smith died of complications from Parkinson's disease at the Sherman Oaks Hospital in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles on June 4, 2017 at the age of 84.


title: Death of Azaria Chamberlain

text: Azaria Chamberlain (11 June 1980 – disappeared on 17 August 1980) was an Australian baby who was born in Mount Isa, Queensland, and went missing in 1980 near Ayers Rock, Northern Territory, Australia. The family were camping in a tent at the base of the rock. Her mother, Lindy Chamberlain, said that she had been taken by a dingo and killed. Police said that Lindy Chamberlain had murdered the baby and had lied about the dingo. After a long trial which was reported around the world, Chamberlain was convicted of murder and sent to jail. Chamberlain kept arguing that she was innocent. On August 24, 1980 Wally Goodwin found Azaria's bloodstained jumpsuit, booties, nappy and singlet near the base of the Rock near a dingo's den, the case was reopened since the 1980s.


title: Death of Azaria Chamberlain

text: After a long legal battle which involved three inquests, three appeals and a royal commission, she was released. In 2012, a fourth inquest found that Azaria had been taken by a dingo, and the death certificate has now been changed to show this. The inquest noted that there had been other dingo attacks in the region.


title: Death of Azaria Chamberlain

text: Lindy Chamberlain was released from jail on February 7 1986, but not cleared until September 15 1988, at which time Lindy and Michael (her husband) were declared innocent of all charges. She and Michael were divorced on June 27 1991. She met Rick Creighton on a speaking tour of the United States in February 1992 and married him on December 20 1992.


title: Death of Azaria Chamberlain

text: The disappearance of Azaria became one of the most argued about events in Australia. Many people thought that a dingo would be unable to kill a baby. This meant that the mother must have lied. People in Australia say "a dingo stole my baby" as a joke, when they think someone is lying. After a dingo killed a nine-year-old boy on Fraser Island in 2001, people have had to rethink their beliefs about dingos.


title: Death of Azaria Chamberlain

text: Author John Bryson wrote a book about the case, called "Evil Angels." This was later made into a movie called "Evil Angels" and starred Meryl Streep and Sam Neill. The movie was released in other countries as "A Cry in the Dark."


title: Death of Azaria Chamberlain

text: In 2005, a woman called Erin Horsburgh said that she was really Azaria Chamberlain and wanted police to do a DNA test to check. But police said that the woman was lying and they did not need to check. This created interest in the media, but there was no truth to the story.


title: Israr Ahmad

text: He was a Pakistani Islamic scholar who was followed particularly in South Asia. He had contributed in Islamic law, Quranic explanation, literature, philosophy. He was awarded the sitara-i-imtiaz in 1982.


title: Evan Ryan

text: Evan Maureen Ryan (born 1971) is an American public servant. She is the White House Cabinet Secretary in the Joe Biden administration since January 20, 2021. She was Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) in the Obama Administration (2013–2017) and was assistant for intergovernmental affairs and public liaison for then-Vice President Joe Biden.


title: Prothom Alo

text: The Daily Prothom Alo ("Prothom Alo" "First Light") is a popular daily newspaper in Bangladesh, published from Dhaka in the Bengali language. According to National Media Survey 2014, conducted by MRB Bangladesh, more than 4.3 million people read the print edition of "Prothom Alo" every day. The online portal of "Prothom Alo" is the most visited Bangladeshi and Bengali website of the world. Prothom Alo started its journey on 4 November 1998.


title: Prothom Alo

text: "Prothom Alo" was founded on 4 November 1998. The newspaper distinguished itself by its investigations of acid attacks and violence against women and pushing for tougher laws against the sale of acid. From press facilities located in Dhaka, Chittagong and Bogra, around 5,00,000 copies (as of March ‘2014) are circulated each day. According to National Media Survey 2012, everyday 5.1 million people read the print edition of "Prothom Alo". The claimed readership of the print edition of this newspaper is 9.6 million. According to a brand equity study conducted by Quantum Consumer Solutions Limited, "Prothom Alo" is considered to be the most influential newspaper brand in Bangladesh.


title: Prothom Alo

text: The online portal of "Prothom Alo" (www.prothom-alo.com) is the number 1 Bangladeshi website in the world.This portal is accessed by 1.6 million visitors from 200 different countries and territories across the globe with 60 million pageview per month. The e-paper site of "Prothom Alo" (www.eprothomalo.com) is also the Number 1 e-paper Web site of Bangladesh. From 160 countries, 465 thousand visitors access this website with more than 26 million pageview per month.


title: Prothom Alo

text: "Prothom Alo" is often criticized for its liberal attitude. A cartoon by Arifur Rahman was published in Alpin about a jokes partly related with religion, caused protests against the Newspaper. A subsequent order was given from the government to ban the supplement. The editor of the "Prothom Alo" acknowledged the gaffe. In a statement released by "Prothom Alo", the editor of Alpin, Matiur Rahman, apologised, expressing regret for publishing the cartoon. The cartoonist was jailed for six months and two days, he was arrested 18 of September 2007 and released 20 of March 2008.


title: Prothom Alo

text: In 2012, a High Court bench issued an injunction on the publication of Humayun Ahmed’s political fiction "Deyal" at daily "Prothom Alo"s weekly "Shahitto Samwiki" on a Friday.


title: I'm Real (Jennifer Lopez song)

text: "I'm Real" is a song by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez from her second album "J.Lo". It is an electropop and R&B song. It samples the 1978 song "Firecracker" by Yellow Magic Orchestra. Fellow singer Mariah Carey was going to use this sample for her single "Loverboy", but "I'm Real" was released first.


title: Women's magazine

text: A women's magazine is a magazine that is mostly for women. These magazines were started because big newsapers sometimes had parts that were for women. Sometimes tabloid journalism is also for women. Unlike tabloids, which are published daily, women's magazines are usually published weekly or monthly.


title: Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore

text: Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore (born 10 November 1979) is an Indian Politician belonging to Indian National Congress. He is currently serving as the Co-Coordinator of Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti from 2019.


title: I'm Real (Jennifer Lopez song)

text: The song was later released as a remix featuring rapper Ja Rule, called "I'm Real (Murder Remix)". It reached number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and the top ten in the UK and Canada.


title: Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore

text: Rathore was born in Ajmer, Rajasthan. He completed his schooling from St. Anselm's Senior Secondary School, Ajmer and graduation from Government College of Ajmer and higher studies from Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University.


title: I'm Real (Jennifer Lopez song)

text: "I'm Real (Murder Remix)" is a remix of "I'm Real" featuring rapper Ja Rule. It is featured on the "J.Lo" album and her first remix album, "". The song samples "All Night Long" by R&B girl group The Mary Jane Girls and "Mary Jane" by R&B singer Rick James. It is different from the original version because it is slower and has a more hip hop-sounding style. The song also got some bad press with Lopez saying the word "niggas" doing the third verse.


title: Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore

text: In 2000 Rathore got attached to National Students' Union of India during the college tenure. He later stood for the 2002 Student Union Presidential Elections in Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University. He became the principal NSUI leader of that university by becoming the first President elected on an National Students' Union of India ticket. Soon after that he was appointed as the Secretary of National Students' Union of India and then Vice President of National Students' Union of India.


title: Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore

text: In 2015 he stood for the Panchayat Samiti Member Election and became the Member of the board on an Indian National Congress Ticket.


title: Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore

text: In 2018, his election management strategies bought victory to Raghu Sharma in the Ajmer By-Election. He was rewarded with a big post and was appointed as the Secretary Of Rajasthan Youth Congress.


title: Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore

text: In 2019, after congress made a stable government in Rajasthan, he was institutionally appointed as the Co-Coordinator of Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti (An Government Non Profit Organisation).


title: Mathew Beard

text: Mathew Beard (July 9, 1870? – February 16, 1985) was an American supercentenarian claimant, farmer and claimed veteran of the Spanish–American War in 1898. Beard is verified to be the first person in history to become 114 years old, although the oldest living person at the time of Beard's death at age 114 years, 222 days was believed to be the now debunked Japaneseman Shigechiyo Izumi who claimed to be 5 years older and died over a year later.


title: Mathew Beard

text: Beard claimed to be born on July 9, 1870 in Norfolk, Virginia. However, it is not supported by any record. According to the 1935 US census and the 1940 Florida State census, he was born in Florida and may have been born later, in 1872 or 1879. The oldest reliable census, from 1880, includes a Matthew Beard born 1870 in Illinois while the 1900 US census includes one with the same name born 1890 in Texas and the Georgia State census the same year includes one Mathew Beard born October 1886.


title: Mathew Beard

text: When Beard was three years old, his family moved to Missouri where he worked in a saw mill at age 12. At age 17, he moved to Wildwood, Florida and worked on laying the tracks for the Seaboard extension of the Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad, but he did not settle there until later. In 1898, he claimed to be fighting in Cuba in the Spanish–American War and after the war he worked as a farmer in Wildwood.


title: Mathew Beard

text: Beard married in 1919 and had twelve children (of whom eight were living after his death) born between 1911 and 1940.


title: Queen Mary's Peak

text: Queen Mary's Peak is the summit of the island of Tristan da Cunha, in the South Atlantic Ocean. The top of it is 2,062 metres (6,765 feet) above sea level. It is named after Mary of Teck, the Queen consort of King George V. It is the highest point of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.


title: Queen Mary's Peak

text: The mountain is the peak of the large shield volcano which forms the island. The crater at the top is wide, with a heart-shaped lake. This lake is normally frozen during the winter, and the upper slopes of the volcano are covered in snow.


title: Queen Mary's Peak

text: The only recorded historical eruption occurred in 1961 from a small crater on the north shore of the island. The island community had to be evacuated.


title: Queen Mary's Peak

text: Queen Mary's Peak was used by sailors on the route from Europe to the Indian Ocean and beyond as a navigational aid. In the 17th century the East India Company instructed captains to sail via Tristan.


title: Queen Mary's Peak

text: The first known attempt to go up to the peak was in 1793 by the French naturalist Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars. He could not get to the top. However, he collected hundreds of plants. Today, Queen Mary's Peak makes a wonderful but steep climbing route. Climbing it can take 5 to 10 hours, depending on the ability of the walker. Visitors are required to use a local guide if they want to go to "The Peak".


title: Dar es Salaam

text: Dar es Salaam (Arabic: دار السلام "Dār as-Salām") is the largest city in East Africa. It has a population of about 4,360,000 people. The city is also Tanzania's richest city. It is an important economic centre.


title: Dar es Salaam

text: Dar es Salaam was the capital city of Tanzania until 1996. Even though the capital was moved to Dodoma, Dar es Salaam is still the location of much of the country's government. It is also the capital of the Dar es Salaam Region. The city's name in Arabic means "Abode of Peace". Dar es Salaam was at one time called Mzizima.


title: Dar es Salaam

text: The population of Dar es Salaam is increasing at a rate of 4.39% each year. It is the 3rd fastest growing city in Africa and the 9th fastest in the world. The metropolitan area population is expected to reach 5.12 million people by 2020.


title: Dar es Salaam

text: This rate is far above the world average. Globally, the growth rate of the human population has been declining since a peak in 1962 and 1963 of 2.20% per annum. In 2009 the estimated annual growth rate was 1.1%.


title: Dar es Salaam

text: Dar es Salaam's rapidly expanding population presents both significant challenges and opportunities. Infrastructure development has not kept pace with the population growth so there is significant resource pressure, especially on road networks and the national power grid. However, a sizeable population with a growing middle class continues to attract investment in areas such as retail (shopping malls), entertainment (cinemas) and communication (high speed internet).


title: Dar es Salaam

text: Dar es Salaam has a tropical savanna climate ("Aw" in the Koeppen climate classification). This is because it is very near the equator and the warm Indian Ocean. The city usually has hot and humid weather during much of the year. Each year the area has two rainy seasons. These are called 'the long rains' (in April and May) and 'the short rains' (in November and December). Nearly 1100mm of rain fall each year on the area.


title: Dar es Salaam

text: In 1859, Albert Roscher of Germany became the first European to go to Mzizima ("healthy town"). In 1866 Sultan Seyyid Majid of Zanzibar gave it its current name. It is an Arabic phrase meaning "Haven of Peace". Dar es Salaam had much growth starting in 1887, when the German East Africa Company created a station there.


title: Dar es Salaam

text: The town's growth was because it was the administrative and commercial centre of German East Africa. It was also helped by the growth of industry caused by the Central Railway Line in the early 1900s.


title: Dar es Salaam

text: German East Africa was captured by the British during World War I and its name was changed to Tanganyika. Dar es Salaam was still the territory's administrative and commercial centre.


title: Dar es Salaam

text: After World War II, Dar es Salaam had a period of rapid growth. Tanganyika became independent from colonial rule in December 1961. Dar es Salaam continued to be its capital. It remained the capital when in 1964 Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form Tanzania. However, in 1973, it was decided to move the capital to Dodoma. This has not yet been completed, and Dar es Salaam is still Tanzania's primary city.


title: Aristophanes

text: Aristophanes (born around 450/445 BC – died around 385 BC) was a Greek writer who wrote 40 plays. However, only 11 of his plays survive in their entirety. He is famous for writing comedies. They were biting satires aimed at famous men of his day, and the all-too-human weaknesses of ordinary people.


title: Aristophanes

text: His most famous play, "Lysistrata", is about a group of women who protest against a war by not having sexual intercourse with their husbands until the war is ended.


title: Aristophanes

text: Ancient Greek theatre was first presented in competitions at the festival of Dionysia, dedicated to the god Dionysus. The interesting thing is that Aristophanes did not always win first prize. The plays which won ahead of his have been lost, so we cannot make comparisons.


title: Star Trek

text: Other parts of the franchise are: books (both fiction and non-fiction), magazines, comics, action figures, model toys and computer video games.


title: Star Trek

text: "Star Trek" was created as a TV series in 1966 by Gene Roddenberry. He and the other authors of "Star Trek" have, over time, developed a whole fictional universe set in the future. Following this fictional universe is the way they have chosen to maintain continuity between the various TV series and the movies.


title: Star Trek

text: "Trekkies" or "Trekkers" may refer to the many fans who love the series and support this "Star Trek Universe". Many conventions and newsletters exist to serve these fans. There are even amateur movies made by the fans.


title: Star Trek

text: In the 1960s, Gene Roddenberry created "Star Trek". He sold it as a western (a television genre about cowboys), but in space, and compared it to the television show "Wagon Train". He also based it on "Gulliver's Travels". After two pilots (test episodes), "Star Trek" was first shown on television in 1966.


title: Star Trek

text: In 2053, World War III ended on Earth. In 2063 Zefram Cochrane, invented the warp drive, a way to travel faster than the speed of light. Because of this invention, Vulcans came to Earth to meet the humans. This is shown in "". The Vulcans helped humans fight disease and hunger. In 2150 humans created a United Earth Government that combined all the old governments into one.


title: Star Trek

text: A war between Earth and the Romulans made species from different planets work together, and the Coalition of Planets was started in 2156. In 2161, the planets Vulcan, Earth, Andoria and Tellar started the United Federation of Planets.


title: Star Trek

text: "" is sometimes abbreviated to TOS. In it, the starship Enterprise travels through space to discover new places - "to boldly go where no man has gone before". The show was set in the 23rd century.


title: Star Trek

text: "" is also called "TAS". It is an animated version of "The Original Series". The crew are the same, and most are voice-acted by the same actors. Because it was animated, the planets and species could look more interesting.


title: Star Trek

text: Gene Roddenberry asked for the stories in "TAS" to be removed from "Star Trek"'s canon (the official history of "Star Trek" that is the same in all series). It is still argued about if they are part of canon or not, but usually agreed that they are not. The official Star Trek website has added some things from "TAS" to their library.


title: Star Trek

text: "" is also called "TNG". It is set 70 years after "The Original Series", in the 24th century. The crew travel on a new starship called the "Enterprise-D". The stories are also about exploring, and often about fighting hostile (violent or angry) ships. The crew has many different races.


title: Star Trek

text: "" is also sometimes called "DS9". It is set in the late 24th century, at the end of "The Next Generation"'s time line and the start of Voyager's. It is not like "TOS" and "TNG" because it is set on a space station and is not about exploring. This means it has more soap opera elements (lots of stories about the characters). Most of the stories are about the Cardassian race and the war with the Dominion.


title: Star Trek

text: "" is set in the late 24th century. It is different from the other series because it takes place in the Delta Quadrant. The ship Voyager was trapped there after a chase by the Maquis (Starfleet rebels). The stories are about them trying to find their way home. This is a long journey, and will take them 75 years.


title: Star Trek

text: It was shown on television for seven seasons, from 1995 to 2001. It was made to help start a new television channel, UPN.


title: Star Trek

text: "" is set in the 22nd century, which means it is before all the other series on the "Star Trek" timeline. It is about the humans and the Vulcans working together after first contact. The ship, Enterprise, was the first Warp 5 ship made by the humans (with some Vulcan assistance). The first season famously had many continuity errors (events and technology that did not match what happens in the other series).


title: Star Trek

text: "Star Trek: Discovery" is the newest "Star Trek" series. It is set in the 23rd century, ten years before the original "Star Trek" series. The first season is about a war between the Federation and the Klingons.


title: Star Trek

text: The first season was streamed online starting in 2017 on CBS' online streaming service in the United States, and on Netflix outside of the United States. There will be another season premiering in late 2018.


title: Star Trek

text: The "Star Trek" franchise is a multibillion-dollar industry (a very large business). It has influenced (affected) many things in real life.


title: Star Trek

text: "Star Trek" has a large following of fans who are very enthusiastic (care a great deal) about the show. They are usually called Trekkies. The word was first used by Arthur W. Saha when he saw people wearing fake Vulcan ears at a convention (an event where lots of people interested in the same thing organise to meet) in 1967. Some fans like to be known as Trekkers instead.


title: Star Trek

text: Two documentaries (factual television shows) have been made about them, called "Trekkies" and "Trekkies 2".


title: Star Trek

text: In 1976, NASA made a prototype (test) space shuttle. It was first going to be called "Constitution", but Star Trek fans wrote letters to NASA asking for it to be called "Enterprise" instead. "Enterprise" was used for flight tests, although it was never sent into space. It is now displayed (put on show) at the Smithsonian Institution.


title: Star Trek

text: The movie "Galaxy Quest" is a "Star Trek" parody, which means it was made to be like "Star Trek" in a funny way.


title: Star Trek

text: The video games company Blizzard Entertainment puts references to "Star Trek" in many of its games, like "Starcraft" and "World of Warcraft".


title: Star Trek

text: Fans of the show made a new episode, "Pilgrim of Eternity", in 2013. The crew were also professional film and TV people.


title: Star Trek

text: "Star Trek" episodes often tell a moral story. philosophical and moral questions are common. In the "Star Trek: Voyager" episode "Tuvix", a transporter accident puts two characters, Tuvok and Neelix, into one body. This makes a new person, Tuvix, who has his own personality. The crew of the Voyager must decide what to do: they can kill Tuvix by separating him back into Tuvok and Neelix, or they can kill Tuvok and Neelix by letting Tuvix live. In the end, Captain Janeway decides to save Tuvok and Neelix, although the Doctor thinks this is wrong.


title: Star Trek

text: "Star Trek" episodes also often reflect (copy) what is happening in the real world. One example is the episode "A Private Little War" in "Star Trek: The Original Series". This is said to be like the Vietnam War. In the episode, the Klingons threaten innocent people. Captain Kirk has to decide whether to give the people guns so that they can defend themselves. The episode asks whether you can fight evil without doing evil yourself.


title: Star Trek

text: One focus of all the "Star Trek" franchises is a Federation law called "The Prime Directive." The Prime Directive states that advanced civilizations should not change more primitive ones; societies should be allowed to develop on their own. The Prime Directive often makes for a moral conflict—for example, the Prime Directive might forbid using advanced technology to save an intelligent race.


title: Parsnip

text: The parsnip is native to Eurasia; it has been used as a vegetable since antiquity. It was cultivated by the Romans. It was used as a sweetener before the arrival in Europe of cane sugar.


title: Parsnip

text: The plant is closely related to carrot and parsley; all belong to the family Apiaceae. Its long, tuberous root has cream-colored skin and flesh. Left in the ground to mature, it becomes sweeter in flavor after winter frosts.


title: Andromeda (mythology)

text: In Greek mythology, Andromeda (, "Androméda" or Ἀνδρομέδη, "Andromédē") is an Aethiopian princess, the daughter of King Cepheus and his wife Cassiopeia. When Cassiopeia boasted that her daughter was more beautiful than the Nereids, this angered the sea god Poseidon, who sent the sea monster Ceto to ravage the land as punishment. Desperate, King Cepheus consulted the Oracle of Delphi, who stated that Andromeda must be offered as a sacrifice to the sea monster; Andromeda was then chained to a rock by the shore. When the hero Perseus saw Andromeda (having flown over after beheading Medusa), he killed the sea monster and saved Andromeda. They were soon married, with Perseus going on to found the city of Mycenae. By Perseus, she is the mother of Perses, Alcaeus, Heleus, Mestor, Sthenelus and Electryon as well as two daughters Autochthe and Gorgophone. Andromeda is also the great-grandmother of Herakles.


title: Andromeda (mythology)

text: In Greek, her name means "ruler of men," from ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός ("anēr", "andrós" - "[of] man"), and "medon" ("ruler").


title: Zsa Zsa Gábor

text: Zsa Zsa Gábor (6 February 1917 – 18 December 2016) was a Hungarian-American actress and socialite. Her older sister Magda and younger sister Eva were also actresses and socialites.


title: Zsa Zsa Gábor

text: In 1936 Gábor won the Miss Hungary competition. She was married nine times. In 1986 she married Frédéric Prinz von Anhalt. She had one child, Constance Francesca Hilton.