title: Human science

text: Human science is the science of humans: what makes them different from animals, and their limits, which tend to be the same as those of other animals. Because human bodies are animal bodies, human science is part of biology which leads to Life Science. However human behaviour includes the use of words, measures, numbers, knowing time and having memory, and such habits as trade - thus economics and psychology are considered to be part of human science. A general human science is anthropology which studies only the differences between humans and near relatives.


title: They Might Be Giants

text: They Might Be Giants are an alternative rock band that live in Brooklyn, New York. The five original band members, John Flansburgh, John Linnell, Dan Miller, Danny Weinkauf and Brian Doherty, officially formed the band in 1982.


title: TrES-4b

text: TrES-4 is an exoplanet. It orbits around the star GSC 02620-00648. The planet is 4.5 million miles from its sun. Being this close to its sun, the year on TrES-4 about three days long. This makes the temperature on the planet very hot. In fact, the temperature on TrES-4 is about 2,300 degrees Fahrenheit (1,260 degrees Celsius).


title: Coroner

text: A coroner is a government official. It is their job to confirm the death of any person in any area of a country. The coroner also gives a certificate to say that a person has died in some place, on some date, due to some reason.


title: Human science

text: One important debate in human science is whether the exchange of culture (or in economics instructional capital), is only among humans or if it also goes on among our Great Ape near relatives. If so, then culture is part of primatology and there is no clear line between human science and life sciences.


title: They Might Be Giants

text: The band has been given two Grammy Awards, one for the children's album "Here Comes the 123s" and the other for the theme song of "Malcolm in the Middle".


title: TrES-4b

text: TrES-4 is a gas giant that is 70 percent bigger than Jupiter. However, the planet is only as dense as cork. At the time of its discovery, TrES-4b was the largest known planet in the universe.


title: Human science

text: Another name for human science is Social Science, since the most complex thing about humans is how they relate to each other in society. The most general social science is ethics, or economics, depending on your point of view.


title: TrES-4b

text: The planet was found by Georgi Mandushev at the Lowell Observatory in Arizona. Mandushev discovered the planet as a part of the Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey project.


title: Human science

text: However, life science also deals with humans as objects of study (notably in medicine), while hard science such as chemistry deals with humans as the observer who "does" the study - sets the scale at which observation can happen, incurs observer effects - as studied in philosophy of science.


title: TrES-4b

text: TrES-4 was discovered using the transit method. When an exoplanet passes between its sun and the Earth, astronomers can see a change in light from the star.


title: Human science

text: Often sciences have different names based on whether they study humans or not. For instance economics is the study of how humans make a living, while ecology is the study of how non-humans make a living. Medicine is normally restricted to humans while veterinary medicine refers to the same techniques made on other species. One relies more on ethics and less on economics when dealing with humans, at least according to any ethical tradition.


title: Human science

text: The living, social, and sensory observing aspects of humans are probably all part of the human sciences to the degree they affect how humans view themselves.


title: Human science

text: Specific human sciences are (in addition to anthropology and ethics and economics) include psychology, sociology and linguistics. There is debate as to whether mathematics is something human or if it is universal - see philosophy of mathematics on this.


title: Brithenig

text: Brithenig is constructed language that was made up by Andrew Smith from New Zealand in 1996. The idea behind it is the question what the Welsh language would have looked like if it had been a Romance instead of a Celtic language: a sister language to French, Spanish and Italian, but one that looks much like Welsh. It plays a key-role in the made-up world of Ill Bethisad, where Latin took the place of Old Celtic as the spoken language of the people in Great Britain, thus giving way to the development of Brithenig.


title: Sentence (law)

text: In criminal law, a sentence forms the final act of a judge-ruled criminal procedure. The sentence generally involves a decree of imprisonment, a fine and/or other punishments against a defendant convicted (found guilty) of a crime. For example, a man could be given a life sentence for murder.


title: Shooting of Michael Brown

text: The shooting of Michael Brown took place on August 9, 2014 in Ferguson, Missouri, United States. Brown was an 18-year-old African American male who died after he was shot several times by Darren Wilson, a 28-year-old white police officer. Several witnesses corroborate the officer’s account of the Michael Brown shooting. Brown did not have weapons or a criminal record.


title: Brithenig

text: Brithenig is the best known example of the so-called group of "alternative languages", languages that could have existed if history had been different. Another well-known example is Wenedyk, which does the same with Polish as Brithenig does with Welsh.


title: Shooting of Michael Brown

text: There were protests and riots in Ferguson after the shooting. There was a lot of media coverage in the United States. People have been talking about how Brown being killed relates to racism in the United States. They have pointed out that most of the police in Ferguson are white, while most of the people who live in Ferguson are African-American. They have also accused the media of being biased against Brown and the people protesting his killing.


title: Brithenig

text: The following list of 30 words shows what Brithenig looks like compared to a few other Romance languages:


title: Shooting of Michael Brown

text: The Federal Bureau of Investigation, also known as the FBI, opened a civil rights investigation into the shooting. President Obama, Rand Paul, Hillary Clinton, Al Sharpton and Bernie Sanders released statements about Brown's death.


title: Shooting of Michael Brown

text: A petition asking for a law named after Michael Brown that would require all police to wear a camera has had over 132,000 signatures.


title: Shooting of Michael Brown

text: Darren Wilson, the police officer who shot Brown, went on administrative leave. A jury chose not to legally accuse Wilson of the killing. He resigned on November 29, 2014.


title: Shooting of Michael Brown

text: Brown's funeral happened at the Friendly Temple Baptist Church on August 25. At the MTV Video Music Awards, Common asked the audience to have a moment of silence "for Mike Brown and for peace in this country and in the world".


title: Fiat Ducato

text: The Fiat Ducato is a series of vans and minibuses made by Fiat. There have been three generations since 1981. It is built in cooperation with Citroën and Peugeot.


title: Fiat Ducato

text: In 1986, Alfa Romeo, Peugeot, Citroën, Fiat, Talbot and Zastava all made the same vehicle but with different names, The names were: Alfa Romeo AR6, Peugeot J5, Citroën C25, Fiat Talento, Talbot Express and Zastava Ducato.


title: Fiat Ducato

text: Between 1985 and 1990, the model was improved at the front and back, It had a new grille and different headlamps.


title: Fiat Ducato

text: In 1993, Citroen and Peugeot made the same vehicle but with different names, The names were: Citroën Jumper, Citroën Relay and the Peugeot Boxer.


title: Fiat Ducato

text: In February 2002, the model was improved at the front and back, It had a new grille, new bonnet, new bumper and different headlamps and breaklights.


title: Fiat Ducato

text: In 2006, Citroen, Peugeot and Ram Trucks made the same vehicle but with different names, The names were: Citroën Jumper, Citroën Relay, Peugeot Boxer and Ram ProMaster


title: Fiat Ducato

text: In 2014, the model was improved at the front and back, It had a new grille, new bonnet, new bumper and different headlamps and breaklights.


title: United States Army Corps of Engineers

text: The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE, also sometimes shortened to CoE) is a U.S. federal agency under the Department of Defense. It is a major Army command made up of some 36,500 civilian and military personnel. Although generally associated with dams, canals and Flood control in the United States, USACE is involved in a wide range of public works throughout the world. The Corps of Engineers provides outdoor recreation opportunities to the public, and provides 24% of U.S. hydropower capacity.


title: United States Army Corps of Engineers

text: The Corps' mission is to "Deliver vital public and military engineering services; partnering in peace and war to strengthen our Nation’s security, energize the economy and reduce risks from disasters".


title: United States Army Corps of Engineers

text: The Corps' vision is "Engineering solutions for our Nation’s toughest challenges". During the American Civil War, the functions of the Corps of Topographical Engineers were merged into the Army Corps of Engineers.


title: Interstate 8

text: Interstate 8 or I-8 is an Interstate Highway that runs from Interstate 10 near Casa Grande, Arizona to San Diego, California. The route is long.


title: Motif

text: In art, a motif is a repeated pattern, image, or theme. Paisley designs are called motifs. Many designs in mosques in Islamic culture are motifs. Two major Roman motifs are egg and tongue, and ball and reel.


title: Flag football

text: Flag football is a version of American or Canadian football. The rules are not very different to those of the regular game. Instead of tackling players to the ground, the other team must pull a flag or flag belt off of the player carrying the ball. Flag football is a game played with no padding. Full contact is not allowed. The first game of flag football was played in the 1930s. It was later played on military bases in the 1940s as a game for the military.


title: Sherman Hemsley

text: Hemsley was born on February 1, 1938 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to and was raised in South Philadelphia by his mother, who was a factory worker. He left school to join the Air Force, where he served in for four years. Later he returned to Philadelphia where he worked in a post office during the day and at night he went to acting classes. Later he moved to New York still working for the post office during the day and at night he went to acting classes.


title: Flag football

text: Flag football games are 36 minutes long. They are divided into two 18-minute halves. The only time the clock is stopped is in the last two minutes.


title: Sherman Hemsley

text: Hemsley's career began when he starred in a 1970 Broadway play in "Purlie" as Gitlow. Hemsley's television career began in 1970 in the television series "All in the Family". And his first movie was in the 1979 movie "Love at First Bite". Hemsley is mostly known as for his role as George Jefferson on the CBS in television series "The Jeffersons", and as Deacon Ernest Frye on the NBC series "Amen". He also played Earl Sinclair's horrifying boss, and a Triceratops in Jim Henson's sitcom "Dinosaurs".


title: Flag football

text: To score a touchdown, a player must cross the ball over the goal line. This is worth 6 points. There are 1 options for an extra point. The scoring team can try to run the ball into the endzone from either the 3 yard line or the 10 yard line. The 3 yd line is worth 1 point and the 10 yd line is worth 2. If the flag of the player who has the ball is pulled while that person is in their own end zone, it is called a safety. The other team gets two points for this.


title: Sherman Hemsley

text: Hemsley was a smoker and never married. Hemsley lived in El Paso, Texas and died there after he was found in his home on July 24, 2012. The cause of his death was a lung tumor caused by Superior Vena Cava Syndrome, aged 74. Hemsley was cremated.


title: Clapping

text: Clapping is when you hit your hands together which makes a sound. The harder you hit, the louder the sound, the softer you hit, less the sound.


title: File hosting service

text: A file hosting service is an Internet service that stores files for its users. It allows users to upload files that could then be accessed over the internet from a different computer, tablet, smart phone or other networked device, after a password is provided. The files can possibly also be accessed by other users, depending on the service or what the user prefers.


title: Clapping

text: If hitting by means of hand to hand contact it will make a different sound than if you were to clap against another object, say, your leg.


title: File hosting service

text: A variation of this is one-click hosting, which allows users to easily upload one or more files from their hard drives (or from a remote location) on to the one-click host's server. Many web services provide free one-click hosting for image files. This gives the file an accessible URL that can be used to identify it on the internet.


title: Aluminium arsenide

text: Aluminium arsenide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AlAs. It has aluminium and arsenide ions in it.


title: LGBT rights in Thailand

text: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Thailand may face legal challenges that non-LGBT residents don't have to. Both male and female same-sex sexual activity are legal in Thailand. Same-sex couples and families headed by same-sex couples cannot get the same legal protections that opposite-sex couples can.


title: Singapore Airlines Flight 006

text: On October 31, 2000 Singapore Airlines Flight 006 crashed after taking off on the wrong runway at Chiang Kai-shek International Airport in Taiwan, caused by pilot error in bad weather. The aircraft was a Boeing 747-400 with 179 people on-board. 83 people were killed in the crash while 96 survived.


title: Bronchopneumonia

text: Bronchopneumonia or bronchial pneumonia or Bronchogenic pneumonia is the acute inflammation of the walls of the bronchioles. It is a type of pneumonia which affects one or more pulmonary lobules. It is one of two types of bacterial pneumonia, the other being "lobar pneumonia".


title: Advocacy

text: Advocacy can be defined as "public support for or recommendation of a particular cause or policy". It is a political process by an individual or group which aims to influence decisions within political, economic, and social systems and institutions.


title: Vehicle registration plates of Austria

text: Austrian car number plates are required vehicle registration plates in Austria. The plate have the registration mark() of motor vehicles in Austria. They are used to show that cars are legal to be used on the streets. The plates are also proof of a liability insurance and are used to identify the vehicle.


title: Aluminium arsenide

text: Aluminium arsenide is an orange solid. It is toxic because it has arsenic in it. It is a semiconductor. It reacts with acids to make arsine. It is made by reacting aluminium and arsenic.


title: LGBT rights in Thailand

text: Thai LGBT people "still [in 2014,] face discrimination affecting their social rights and job opportunities"; they also "face difficulty gaining acceptance for non-traditional sexuality, even though the tourism authority has been promoting Thailand as a gay-friendly country".


title: Singapore Airlines Flight 006

text: 79 passengers and four crew members died in the crash. 24 Americans, 26 Taiwanese, 11 Indians, 12 Singaporeans, 4 Malaysians, 2 Koreans, 2 British, 1 Vietnamese, 1 Chinese, 1 Hong Konger, 1 Indonesian, 1 Japanese, 1 Dutch, 1 Macaoan, 1 Kazakhstani, and 1 Filipino were among the dead.


title: Advocacy

text: Advocacy can include many activities that a person or organization undertakes. These can include media campaigns, public speaking, commissioning and publishing research. It can include conducting exit polls or the filing of an amicus brief. Lobbying (often by lobby groups) is a form of advocacy. This is where a direct approach is made to legislators on an issue in modern politics. Professional lobbyists are employed by advocacy groups also called special interest groups.


title: LGBT rights in Thailand

text: In May 2009, the Thai Red Cross reaffirmed its ban of men who have sex with males (MSM) becoming blood donors, despite campaigns to change this policy. Gender-Reassignment Operations have been performed in Thailand since 1975, and Thailand is among the most popular destinations globally for patients seeking Gender-Reassignment Operations.


title: Advocacy

text: There are any number of corporations, religious groups, citizen groups, think tanks and foundations who want to make sure their interests are heard by lawmakers. This is both in the United States and the European Union. Advocacy groups also use their influence in the election and appointing of judges.


title: Jay

text: The jays are several species of medium-sized, usually colorful and noisy birds in the crow family Corvidae.


title: Telus

text: Telus (TSX: T, T.A; NYSE: TU) is a Canadian company that provides phone, internet, television, and cellular phone service. They are a very large company, one of the largest telecommunication companies in Canada. Telus logo is stylized as TELUS. Telus' head office is in Burnaby, British Columbia.


title: Shortstop

text: Shortstop (abbreviated as "SS") is a fielding position played in baseball. Shortstop is between second and third base.


title: Bushfire

text: A bushfire is a wildfire that happens mostly in the Australian bush. Bush is the word for scrub, woodland or grassland of Australia and New Zealand. In south east and south west of Australia, bushfires are most common in the summer and early autumn. In the north of Australia, bushfires usually happen during winter which is the dry season. Many Australian plants burn easily. Eucalyptus trees have a high oil content which makes them burn. Over the last 40 years, Australian bushfires have cost around 2.5 billion Australian dollars. In the same period, Australian bushfires caused the death of around 250 people and the destruction of 4,554 homes.But these figures do not include the 173 people who died and the 2000 homes destroyed in the 2009 Victorian bushfires. They can also kill wildlife including rare koalas.


title: Philippe, Chevalier de Lorraine

text: Philippe of Lorraine (1643 – 8 December 1702), known as the Chevalier de Lorraine, was a French nobleman and member of the House of Guise, cadet of the Ducal House of Lorraine. He was the renowned lover of Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans, Monsieur, only brother of Louis XIV. Even though he never married, he is said to have had illegitimate children.


title: Gacha game

text: A gacha game is a video game that has a mechanic of getting items or characters by spending in-game currency. The items or character players receive is random. The rewards are usually graded by rarity. Players can purchase in-game currency with real-world money.


title: Telus

text: Telus was made from a merger of BCTel, the main phone company in British Columbia and Alberta Government Telephones, better known as AGT. AGT was owned by the government of Alberta. AGT wanted to separate from the government and formed a company called Telus in 1990. After that, they combined with BCTel to form the current Telus company in 1999. That remaining Telus company purchased Clearnet Communications, a cell phone company. Clearnet gave them the current style of their advertising, including the slogan «The future is friendly». Telus uses colorful animals to advertise their services. In 2019, Telus announced acquisition of ADT Inc.


title: Gacha game

text: Some gacha games have a "pity system", where after a certain amount of draws without getting anything rare, the system guarantees the player a rare item.


title: Telus

text: Telus has cell phone, internet, phone and telephone services. They have a CDMA network for most of their cell phones, but on November 5th, 2009, they started up a new HSPA network, similar to Rogers cell phone network. They have started this with Bell. It allows a very large selection of cell phones.


title: Telus

text: They have television and internet service based on ADSL service. Telus is the major landline telephone service provider for British Columbia and Alberta.


title: Polar low

text: A polar low is a small sized and short-lived atmospheric low pressure system that is found over the ocean areas pole ward of the main polar front in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The systems usually have a horizontal length scale of less than 1,000 km and live for less than a couple of days. They are part of the larger class of mesoscale weather systems. Polar lows can be difficult to detect using standard weather reports and are a problem to high-latitude operations, such as shipping and gas and oil platforms.


title: Tenure

text: Tenure is normally used for jobs, usually academic high-ranking jobs like professors. It is to protect professors who are teaching something that their employer, the university, might not agree with. Tenure means that these people cannot be fired without a very good reason- the job is for life. The reason for tenure is to help professors be bold about what they teach and research, so that new ideas will be developed. Or a teacher can also have a tenure. It depends how long their term has to be.


title: Windscale fire

text: The Windscale fire was a fire in Britain's first nuclear reactor at Windscale (now Sellafield) on 10 October 1957. The fire spread radioactive fallout over hundreds of miles. Some of the most dangerous contamination was kept secret, and its effects only came to light years later. At the back of the reactor, ruptured fuel cartridges containing uranium are still jammed in the fire damaged core, awaiting safe removal. Official estimates are that about a hundred people died from the contamination. The cleanup cost over a hundred million pounds. The Windscale fire was the first fire in any nuclear facility.


title: Anaphrodisiac

text: An anaphrodisiac is something that makes the one who uses it less aroused. This can be a medicine, a food or a procedure. It is sometimes used to treat hypersexuals. It is also used for an animal that is in heat. Pills that lower the libido are sometimes called "antaphrodisiacs".


title: Txillardegi

text: José Luis Álvarez Enparantza (27 September 1929 – 14 January 2012) was a Basque linguist, politician and writer. When writing he used the pseudonym Txillardegi. He was born in Donostia, which is called "San Sebastian" in Spanish. Even though he did not learn the Basque language until he was 17, he came to be seen as one of the most influential figures in Basque nationalism and culture in the second half of the 20th century.


title: Velarized alveolar lateral approximant

text: The velarised alveolar lateral approximant is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is in English but is not phonemic. It is the ll in full.


title: Polar low

text: Polar lows have been also known as by using many other terms, such as "comma cloud", "mesocyclone", "polar mesoscale vortex", "Arctic hurricane", "Arctic low", and "cold air depression". Today the term is usually set aside for the more-energetic systems that have near-surface winds of at least gale force (17 m/s).


title: Tenure

text: Sometimes judges also get tenure. This is so that they can make decisions based on the evidence, even if this means saying that the government, which is their employer, is wrong.


title: Txillardegi

text: Together with some friends he started ETA in 1959, and became responsible for their social and cultural activities. He also was a founding member of Herri Batasuna, the Basque nationalist party. As a linguist, he helped shape the structure and orthography of Standard Basque.


title: Polar low

text: Rasmussen,E.A. and Turner,J.(2003). Polar Lows: Mesoscale Weather Systems in the Polar Regions, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 612.


title: Currying

text: Currying is a technique used in mathematics and computer science that consists of changing a function that takes several arguments into a number of functions that each take one argument. Mathematicians Moses Schönfinkel and Gottlob Frege laid the groundwork for this technique, which is named after Haskell Brooks Curry. Currying is used in Lambda calculus. Some programming languages, such as ML and Haskell say that functions can only have one argument.


title: Dhaka topi

text: The Dhaka topi ( ), or Nepali topi, is a hat which is popular in Nepal. It is a part of Nepalese national dress, worn by men on celebrations.


title: 1964 United Kingdom general election

text: The 1964 United Kingdom general election happened on 15 October 1964. This was five years after the previous election. It resulted in the Conservatives, led by the current Prime Minister Alec Douglas-Home losing. The Labour Party won the election. This meant Harold Wilson would become the new Prime Minister. Labour got a overall majority of four seats.


title: Shyamala Gopalan

text: Shyamala Gopalan (December 7, 1938 – February 11, 2009) was an India-born Tamil American civil rights activist and cancer researcher. She is the mother of Kamala Harris. Gopalan conducted research in the Cancer Research Lab in UC Berkeley's Department of Zoology. Her research led to advancements in the knowledge of breast cancer hormones. Her work changed the progress on the research of the hormone-responsiveness of breast tissue.


title: Dhaka topi

text: "Dhaka ko Topi" in Nepali means a "hat made of Dhaka cloth". Dhaka cloth is fine cotton cloth that used to be imported from Dhaka, the current capital of Bangladesh.


title: 1964 United Kingdom general election

text: The Labour Party got a lot more votes in Scotland than before. This was the start of them winning most seats in Scotland. They did this until Scottish National Party won more at the 2015 general election.


title: Dhaka topi

text: The Dhaka topi was a part of the Nepalese national dress, and a symbol of Nepalese nationality. It became popular during King Mahendra's rule between 1955 and 1972. Back then people needed to wear Dhaka topi for official photographs for passports and documents. It was also worn by government officials as a part of the national dress. In the times of king Mahendra, Dhaka topis were available for rent near the Singha Durbar in Kathmandu. The badge of kukri cross is worn on the cap mostly by officials in Kathmandu or when a Nepalese visit the Palace. It is not worn by the lay Nepali.


title: Dhaka topi

text: Dhaka clothing is no longer a part of Nepalese fashion, but it is still an important part of society and Nepalese identity. They are also given away as gifts during Dashain and Tihar festivals. These days many Nepalis rarely wear a cap unless they are attending some cultural programme. However, many older men and women still wear clothes made from Dhaka. People wearing Dhaka topi are still commonly seen on the streets of Kathmandu. Dhaka cloth still plays a role in rituals, such as weddings and funerals of many ethnic groups living in the Kathmandu valley. Even though there are many places producing these hats, they still have a hard time producing enough for all the buyers.


title: Dhaka topi

text: International Nepali Dhoti and Topi Day is celebrated by Nepali people around the world on 1 January. In this day people wear Dhaka topi as their pride to promote the culture. Nepali people from Madhesi and Tharu community wear Dhoti, while other wear Dhaka and Bhadgaunle topis on that day. There are more people wearing topi than dhoti in this day. Madhesi people use this day as an opportunity to promote their culture. Madhesis and Sikhs in Nepal are often discriminated against because of they usually don't wear Dhaka topi.


title: Dhaka topi

text: "Dhaka" is one of the most popular cotton textile in Nepal. They usually have various coloured patterns in them. Coloured cotton is imported from India and weaved into detailed patterns using only a few colours. This fabric is also used for a type of blouse called "Dhaka ko cholo", meaning a "blouse made of dhaka cloth", and shawls for women. Some farmers and weavers have tried making silk Dhaka topi cloth with little success.


title: Dhaka topi

text: There are different myths about the origin of Dhaka fabric. One story tells that a minister returned from Dhaka, Bangladesh with the idea of such a topi. It then ended up replacing the old black cap in popularity. Another story tells that name is so because at first cloths and threads for Dhaka topi used to come from Dhaka, similar to Dhakai muslin (fine cotton of Dhaka). It is also possible that Hindu weavers started living in Nepal to run away from the Muslim invasion of Bengal. The method of pattern weaving used around Dhaka is called "Jamdani". It is very different from what is currently used by Nepalese weavers. A few fragments of Dhaka fabric in the collection of the National Museum of Nepal are thought to be from the early 20th century.


title: Dhaka topi

text: The most popular legend comes from the introduction of Dhaka weaving to Ganesh Man Maharjan, who worked in an Jamdani factory in 1950s. He was inspired to learn it when he noticed Dambar Kumari, Junga Bahadur Rana's daughter, wearing Dhaka clothes she brought back from Benares. Upon returning to his home Palpa his wife and he started a factory to produce Dhaka cloth in 1957. They had one spool and one hand-operated Charkha spinning wheel bought from Kathmandu and local weavers trained by Mahajan. His business did well because of the high price of better quality imports. As the Shah dynasty government showed a liking for Dhaka cloth and topis made out of it, other weavers started following Maharajan. By early 1970, his own factory Swadeshi Vastrakala Palpali Dhaka Udhyog had grown to employ around 350 workers. At that time Jaishanker Textile Industry, Khanal Textile Industry, and Nabin Textile Industry were the major producers of cotton yarn used to make Dhaka cloth.


title: Dhaka topi

text: Even though the business was good and the government was supportive, most weavers were poor. An expert weaver worked 12–16 hours a day for a month to produce 4–5 metres of Dhaka cloth. But, their wage was just 10-30 Nepalese rupees, one egg and 250 grams of Jeri. In the 1970s, the Dhaka weaving industry in Palpa changed a lot as it was introduced to Jacquard loom and easily available shiny acrylic fiber. Jacquard looms made it possible to produce several metres a day, instead of around 9-inches on a hand-loom. Many weavers lost their jobs because of this. Dhaka caps lost some of the qualities in its patterns, and the cloth started being produced in other places.


title: Dhaka topi

text: Now weavers in the capital Kathmandu, Palpa District in the middle mountains area, and Tehrathum District in the East are the main producers of Dhaka cloth. Limbus and Rais from the middle mountains are famous for the Dhaka cloth they produce. Tansen, the most popular source of Dhaka topis, is town with Magar, Brahmin, Chhetris with Newars who came in the 19th century looking for wealth. Apart from the famous Dhaka clothes, Tensen is also known for its metal craft including Karuwa mugs, jars and other items. It is a custom to buy Palpali Dhaka clothes as souvenir while visiting the area. This includes shawls and thailo purses that has two pairs of strings that can be drawn to open and close the purse. A Dhaka topi industry has been established in Darjeeling by Indian Gorkhas.


title: Dhaka topi

text: The traditional outfit of Nepali men includes "Daura-Suruwal" (Nepalese shirt and trouser suit), "Patuka" (cloth worn around the waist instead of a belt), "ista coat" (the Nepalese half-jacket without sleeves) and a topi. For woman it's "Gunyou Cholo" (a dress like "ghagra"-"kurta") with no topi. Many communities wear their own traditional dresses. Like the Tamang women wear a different round hat. Some Buddhist Tamang women wear "Bakhus" which are ethnic to the Tibetan people.


title: Dhaka topi

text: Topis for Nepali man can be either black (called "bhaad-gaaule" or "kalo topi") or multicoloured (called "Dhaka" or "Nepali topi"). "Bhaad-gaaule topis" are similar to Dhaka topi but they are black in colour because they are not made from Dhaka. Before the Nepali government started promoting Dhaka topis, Bhaad-gaaule topis that were largely made in Bhaktapur were popular. They were commonly worn by Newaris. These kalo topis (blacks caps) were once popular among upper class people of Rana dynasty. These black caps are now becoming popular again, mainly among the youth. Milliners of Bhaktapur almost had to close their business once because of the popularity of Dhaka topi. However, now their business is doing well as they were making around 600 kalo topis a week by 2015. Other than Dhaka and kalo topis there are many other topis made and worn in Nepal including "chuclie topi", "birke topi", "karchupe topi" and "cap topi".


title: Cave diving

text: Cave diving is scuba diving which is done in underwater caves. Cave divers dive for adventure but also to find fossils and gather data (dirt samples, water temperature, etc.) that helps scientists better understand the earth and the environment.


title: Fearne Cotton

text: Fearne Kimberley Cotton (born 3 September 1981) is an English television and radio presenter. She is known for presenting a number of popular TV programmes such as "Top of the Pops" and the "Red Nose Day" "telethon". Cotton joined BBC Radio 1 in September 2005. In 2007, she became the first regular female presenter of BBC Radio 1's "Chart Show". She now presents BBC Radio 1's weekday mid-morning programme. In 2008 Cotton moved to the United States to present "The Guinness Book of Records - Live". In 2015, Cotton returned to children’s television by voicing a Voice Trumpet in the 2015 reboot of Teletubbies.


title: Deaths in October 2022

text: The following is a list of deaths that happened in October 2022. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.


title: Deaths in October 2022

text: Each listing of death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known), and a source.


title: Sahara pump theory

text: The Sahara Pump Theory attempts to explain how plants and animals from Africa moved into the Middle East and then Europe and Asia.


title: Punk blues

text: Punk blues is a genre of music which mixes elements of Punk rock with Blues-rock. It is considered a type of Underground Music as it has not yet achieved mainstream popularity on radio and television and through sales of music. It is most popular in the United States. An example of a Punk blues band is the Imortal Lee County Killers and the Gun Club. One artist who may be considered to have been a big influence on this genre is Captain Beefheart.


title: Betty Boothroyd

text: Betty Boothroyd, Baroness Boothroyd (born 8 October 1929) is a British politician. She served as a Labour Member of Parliament (MP) for West Bromwich and West Bromwich West from 1973 to 1992.


title: Sahara pump theory

text: At the time, Africa was rainier than it is today, and the Sahara was wetter, with bigger lakes and more rivers.


title: Betty Boothroyd

text: From 1992 to 2000, she served as Speaker of the House of Commons. She was the first, and to date only, female Speaker of the House of Commons. She sits, by tradition, as a Crossbench peer in the House of Lords.


title: Sahara pump theory

text: African rainy periods are associated with a "wet Sahara" phase, during which larger lakes and more rivers exist. This causes changes in the type of animals found in the area.


title: Sahara pump theory

text: Regardless of the aridity of the greater Sahara, migration along the river corridor was halted when, during a desert phase 1.8-0.8 million years ago, the Nile ceased to flow completely and possibly flowed only temporarily in other periods due to Nubian Swell uplift.


title: Sahara pump theory

text: During the periods of a wet Sahara, the Sahara and Arabia become a savanna grassland and African flora and fauna become common. During the following dry period, the Sahara reverts to desert conditions usually as a result of the retreat of the West African Monsoon southwards. Evaporation exceeds precipitation, the level of water in lakes like Lake Chad falls, and rivers become dry wadis.


title: Sahara pump theory

text: Flora and fauna previously widespread retreat northwards to the Atlas Mountains, southwards into West Africa, or eastwards into the Nile Valley and thence either south-east to the Ethiopian Highlands and Kenya or north-east across the Sinai into Asia. This separates populations of some of the species in areas with different climates, forcing them to adapt, possibly giving rise to speciation (species splitting).


title: Willie Francis

text: Willie Francis (January 12, 1929 – May 9, 1947) is best known for surviving a failed execution by electrocution in the United States. He was a juvenile offender sentenced to death at age 16 by the state of Louisiana in 1945. He was found guilty for the murder of Andrew Thomas, a Cajun pharmacy owner in St. Martinville who had once employed Francis. Francis was 17 when he survived the first attempt to execute him because the chair did not work correctly. He tried to appeal his case to the US Supreme Court, but the Supreme Court rejected it. He was executed in 1947 at age 18.


title: Willie Francis

text: In 1944, Andrew Thomas, a pharmacist in St. Martinville, Louisiana, was shot and killed. His murder was unsolved for nine months. However, in August 1945, Willie Francis was arrested in Texas because he was a suspect for an unrelated crime. Police said that he was carrying Thomas' wallet in his pocket, but no evidence of this was given during the trial.


title: Willie Francis

text: Even though he wrote two confessions, Francis said he was not guilty. During his trial, the court-chosen defense attorneys had no objections, called no witnesses, and put up no defense. Francis' confessions were not questioned by the defense, although he had no counsel at the time. Two days after the trial began, Francis was quickly convicted of murder. He was sentenced to death by twelve jurors and the judge, even though Francis was 15 years old at the time of the crime.


title: Willie Francis

text: On May 3, 1946, Francis survived an attempt at execution by the electric chair. Witnesses said they heard Francis scream from behind the leather hood, "Take it off! Take it off! Let me breathe goddammit!" as the electricity was being used. The electric chair, known as "Gruesome Gertie," was found to have been set up incorrectly by a drunk prison guard and inmate from the Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola. The sheriff, E.L. Resweber, later said, "This boy really got a shock when they turned that machine on."


title: Willie Francis

text: After the failed execution, a young lawyer named Bertrand DeBlanc, decided to take Francis' case. He believed it was cruel and unusual punishment, as prohibited in the Constitution, to have him be executed again. DeBlanc took Francis' case to the Supreme Court in "Francis v. Resweber", 329 U.S. 459 (1947). He cited many violations of his Fifth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendment rights. These included violations of equal protection, double jeopardy, and cruel and unusual punishment.


title: Willie Francis

text: The US Supreme Court rejected the appeal. Willie Francis was returned to the electric chair on May 9, 1947. He was pronounced dead in the chair at 12:10 p.m. (CST).


title: Wijerd Jelckama

text: Wijerd Jelckama (1490 – July 7 1523) was a Frisian freedom fighter, legendary warrior, warlord, rebel and pirate.


The State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the People's Republic of China is agency that controls foreign exchange market activities, and manages Chinese foreign exchange reserves valued at $3.2 trillion. The current director is Yi Gang.


title: Wijerd Jelckama

text: Jelckama was born in the year 1490 in a large family of farmers and petty noblemen. He was descended from knights who had participated in the Crusades. One of his ancestors from his father's side of the family had died at the Siege of Antioch.


title: State Administration of Foreign Exchange

text: SAFE's was kept in secret from world and its actions were often anonymous. In last decade the agency became so big it it had to come out from hiding and open up for media. SAFE is making a lot of investing on forex and commodity market. The head office is located in Bejing and it is closely connected to ruling party.


title: Wijerd Jelckama

text: Jelckama was married to a woman by the name of Fokel, the exact year of their marriage is unknown. She survived for longer than her husband but died in 1553. They had two daughters and a son. Their son was named Janco Douwes Jelckama (1514-1587)and their daughters were named Bonga (1516-1575) and Fokel (1517-1546).


title: Wijerd Jelckama

text: Together with Pier Gerlofs Donia, Jelckama fought against the Saxon warriors that occupied their homeland of Frisia, at the capture of Medemblik, and in the siege of Middelburg castle.


title: Wijerd Jelckama

text: Jelckama served as Donia's lieutenant for the first five years. After Donia had died in 1520, Jelckama took over the command of the armies. He had been the commander of the Arumer Black Heap and the main leader of the Frisian rebellion against the House of Habsburg since as early as 1519.


title: Wijerd Jelckama

text: Author Wopke Eekhoff described Jelckama as being as sturdy as his giant uncle, who was himself reportedly at least 7 feet tall and once lifted a 1000-pound horse above his head.


title: Wijerd Jelckama

text: Jelckama himself was strong enough to lift a horse over his shoulders high up in the air. His height is documented at 7 feet.


title: Wijerd Jelckama

text: After a series of defeats, he and what was left of the Frisian army were captured in 1523 and taken to the city of Leeuwarden in Frisia. There they were executed. The execution took place in public. It took the executioner four blows to sever Jelckama's head from his extremely thick neck.


title: Wijerd Jelckama

text: With the death of Jelckama and the rebels, the independence of Frisia came to an end. It was the last successful revolt in Frisian history and is remembered as such to this day.


title: Colloquialism

text: A colloquialism is a word that is not used in formal speech, writing or paralinguistics. Colloquialisms are also sometimes referred to collectively as "colloquial language". Colloquialisms or "colloquial language" is considered to be characteristic of or only appropriate for casual, ordinary, familiar, or informal conversation rather than formal speech or writing. Dictionaries often mark colloquial words and phrases with the abbreviation "colloq." as an identifier.


title: Gloria Loring

text: Gloria Loring (December 10, 1946) is an American actress and singer. She began her career at the age of 14. She starred in the soap opera Days of Our Lives. She has also carried several hit songs.


title: Southern American English

text: Southern American English (aka Southern U.S. English or Southern drawl) is a group of American English dialects used in the Southern United States. Southern English is usually used in Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma, Georgia and parts of Florida. Modern day Southern English dialects have been used in states including Illinois, Missouri, Nebraska, southern Iowa, south central Indiana, southern Ohio and Kansas.


title: Lipstick feminism

text: Lipstick feminism is a kind of feminism that originated with third wave feminism of the 1990s and 2000s. In the first two waves, feminists fought for ideas such as being able to vote in elections. Lipstick feminists still see themselves as feminists, but they also want to keep some of their attributes as women, such as their sexuality, or attractiveness. Women like Zora Neale Hurston and Emma Goldman have argued that by using philosophical ideas of aesthetics and ideas of femininity, it is possible to empower and analyze the ways that gender works in daily life.


title: Dallas Liu

text: Dallas James Liu (born August 21, 2001) is an American actor and martial artist. He is known for his role as Jin Kazama in "Tekken" (2009). He also appeared on the television series "PEN15" and "Legendary Dudas".


title: Gloria Loring

text: Loring was born in New York City. She was married to Alan Thicke from 1970 until they divorced in 1984. The couple had two sons, Brennan and Robin.


title: Southern American English

text: In Southern English, people use terms like "ain't", "you was","fixin to" (rather than "going to"), "been" (rather than "have been") and "that there".


title: Lipstick feminism

text: Lipstick feminists also want ot use certain derogatory words, such as slut, and use them in positive ways. There is a SlutWalk movement, which fights against victim blaming in rapes.


title: Dallas Liu

text: He will play Prince Zuko in the upcoming Netflix of "". Liu grew up in San Gabriel Valley, California.


title: Gili Air

text: Gili Air is the smallest of the Gilis and it is closest to the Lombok mainland, making it popular with honeymoon couples and travelers seeking a quiet retreat. It has population of about 1,000 and administratively lies in the West Nusa Tenggara province. The island offers excellent snorkeling and SCUBA diving off its east coast, and turtles can be seen along the coral reef.


title: Gili Air

text: There is a quickest way to get to Gili Air. fast Boat from Bali to Gili Air are offering a daily departure from Padang(Northeast Bali and Sanur(Southeast Bali). to get the ticket you can book in some tourist information or go to some online portal that provide the fast boat ticket to Gili Air. Gilibestdeal offers cheap fast boat to Gili Air. The fast boat operator provides a free hotel pick up and drop off in Bali.


title: Hurricane Grace (1991)

text: Hurricane Grace was a Category 2 hurricane. It lasted only four days. It became part of another cyclone known as the Perfect Storm.


title: Hinglaj Shakti Peeth

text: Hinglaj Shakti Peeth is a place of worship and pilgrimage of Hindu religion. It is in , in Kadasar village, , Gujarat.


title: Hurricane Grace (1991)

text: Grace formed on October 26. At first, it was a subtropical cyclone. This means it was partially tropical and partially extratropical. It became a full tropical cyclone on October 27. It later reached winds of . The storm had a little effect on the island of Bermuda when it passed to the south. Another storm to the north made Grace turn east. The hurricane combined with the large circulation of the other low pressure system.


title: Hinglaj Shakti Peeth

text: To stop the divine dance (Tandava) of Lord Shiva after the death of Dakshayani, Lord Vishnu scattered Shiva's remains over many places on the Indian subcontinent. It is said that the head fell at Hingula or Hinglaj. Because of this, this place is considered the most important of the 51 Shakti Peeths. At each of the Peeths, Bhairava (a manifestation of Shiva) accompanies the relics. The Bhairava at Hinglaj is called Bhimalochana. It is in Koteshwar, Kutch. The Sanskrit texts mention the part as 'Brahmadreya' or vital essence.


title: Hurricane Grace (1991)

text: Grace began as a low pressure area in the middle of the atmosphere. It formed on October 23 south of Bermuda. Reports from a ship said that it was in the lower atmosphere by October 25. At first, the storm was like a subtropical cyclone. There were not many thunderstorms around its center. (For a storm to gain strength, strong thunderstorms need to build around it.) The system started being called a subtropical storm on October 26. A separate area of clouds near Bermuda slowly became involved with this storm. There started to be thunderstorms near the center of the storm. Because of this, on October 27, the storm became a tropical storm and was named "Grace".


title: Hinglaj Shakti Peeth

text: Historically, this area is called Saurashtra. It is the worship place for Mata Hingdaj. One day, Mata and Vikram Raja came to Hingdaj ‘"Shakti Peeth’".


title: Hurricane Grace (1991)

text: Grace continued to get larger. Information from satellites gave measures of the storm's strength. Based on that and reconnaissance reports, Grace was changed to a Category 1 hurricane. That is the lowest level on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The hurricane moved towards the northwest until an extratropical cyclone formed along a cold front on October 28. This storm quickly became stronger and very large. It eventually caused Grace to turn quickly to the east. Around the same time, Grace began to have an eye. Grace moved faster as it moved east. On October 29, it reached its highest strength. Its winds were at . Its minimum central barometric pressure was 980 mbar (hPa; 28.94 inHg). That made it a Category 2. The center of the hurricane passed south of Bermuda. Bermuda was not affected much.


title: Hurricane Grace (1991)

text: Hurricane Grace turned northeast later that day. The cold front quickly came and overtook it. After that, it was no longer a tropical system. Grace moved north along the front. It combined with the large storm to the north. By the next day, Grace could not be seen any more.


title: Hurricane Grace (1991)

text: On October 27, a tropical storm warning was sent for Bermuda . The next day, the tropical storm warning was made into a hurricane warning. On October 29, the hurricane warning was lowered to a tropical storm warning. This was changed to a gale warning shortly after. Bermuda had some rain and wind from the storm. The rain reached . However, no deaths or bad damage were reported. A yacht, a type of boat, that was traveling from Bermuda to New York ran into strong winds and seas high off the Virginia coast. The nine people on the boat had to be rescued by Coast Guard helicopters.


title: Hurricane Grace (1991)

text: Because of its large size, Grace caused large waves along the East Coast of the United States. These waves reached at least high. No bad property damage occurred. There was minor beach erosion. Carolina Beach, North Carolina lost about of sand.


title: Hurricane Grace (1991)

text: The damage from Hurricane Grace was mostly small. Because the damage from the tropical cyclone was not very bad, the name "Grace" was not retired. It was reused during the 1997 Atlantic hurricane season.


title: Coco the Clown

text: Coco the Clown (or Theo de Kovel) is a clown character who is very famous in Britain and later became famous in America. Coco was not a whiteface clown but an auguste.This type of clown is supposed to be a bit stupid, so he gets teased by another clown who is supposed to be much cleverer. Coco always gets buckets of water thrown at him or custard pies in his face.


title: Camille Schrier

text: Camille Thomasina Schrier (born June 30, 1995) is the 2020 Miss America. In June 2019, she was crowned Miss Virginia 2019.


title: Bedchamber crisis

text: Bedchamber crisis is the name given to a number of events that happened in 1839, when the Whigs lost the election, and only had a minority rule. As a consequence of the defeat, Lord Melbourne stepped down, and Robert Peel was given the task to form a new government. The Bedchamber crisis relates to the behaviour of Queen Victoria, who was twenty years old, at the time. The queen had a close relationship with the prime minister, and also listened to him, when it came to choosing Ladies-in-waiting. As a result, most ladies in waiting were the wives or relatives of leading Whig politicians. Peel, who was a Tory, asked the queen to re-elect the ladies, so that their allegiance to parties would be more neutral. This would have meant that some of the ladies would have to be replaced. Victoria saw the ladies as friends, and therefore refused. In addition, the queen had little sympathy for Peel. Given the circumstances, Peel refused the task to form a new government. Lord Ashley, who was to become Lord Shaftsbury was offered the post of prime minister, but he also refused. As a result, the Whigs and Lord Melbourne stayed in power. The refusal of the queen to replace some of the ladies in waiting was met with criticism.


title: Marble run

text: a marble run is a course made for a small ball (or marble) and its aim is to travel from the start to finish with no flaws


title: Coco the Clown

text: Theo de Kovel (or Polakovs) (1900–74) made the character of Coco the Clown famous. Later his son Elwin de Beer (1923-2009) made him famous in the Netherlands


title: Marble run

text: to make a marble run you need a small ball and that is it after you make a course using anything you can find (see:rube Goldberg)


title: Coco the Clown

text: After retiring from the circus, Nicolai Poliakoff toured schools in the UK as Coco promoting road safety. He had a walking stick in the shape of a Bolesha Beacon. For this work he was awarded the OBE by the Queen.


title: Marble run

text: A German glassblower invented marble scissors, a device for making marbles, in 1846. The first mass-produced toy marbles (clay) made in the US were made in Akron, Ohio, by S. C. Dyke, in the early 1890s. Some of the first US-produced glass marbles were also made in Akron, by James Harvey Leighton


title: Mr. Catra

text: Wagner Domingues Costa (November 5, 1968 – September 9, 2018), known professionally as Mr. Catra, was a Brazilian funk singer and actor. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. He was known in Brazilian pop culture for his large number of children, 32 total and having two wives. He was also known for his famous laugh at the beginning or ending of his songs.


title: Mr. Catra

text: In 1994, he released his first album "O Bonde dos Justos", recording the hit song "Life in the Chain". The songs of strong themes caught the attention of Warner Bros Music. In 1999, Warner Bros. helped Mr. Catra launch the CD "O fiel".


title: Joe Biden sexual assault allegation

text: In April 2019, Tara Reade said that Joe Biden touched her in a way that made her “feel uncomfortable” during his time as a Senator for Delaware. There were seven other women who said the same thing at the time. In March 2020, she said that Biden sexually assaulted her instead. Reade said that at the time of the assault, she told her mother, her brother, and a friend who worked in Senator Ted Kennedy’s office about what happened, but currently the fan website TaraReadeTruth.com says that there are as many as eight people that she told.


title: Gregg v. Georgia

text: Gregg v. Georgia, "Proffitt v. Florida", "Jurek v. Texas", "Woodson v. North Carolina", and "Roberts v. Louisiana", were a group of landmark cases that the United States Supreme Court decided together in 1976. They had to do with capital punishment in the United States.


title: Ray Rayner

text: Ray Rayner (born Raymond M. Rahner; July 23, 1919 – January 21, 2004) was an American television presenter based in Chicago, Illinois. He was born in New York City. He was known for working with WGN-TV and for starring in "Ray Rayner and His Friends" as Ray and in "The Bozo Show" as Oliver O. Oliver.


title: Joe Biden sexual assault allegation

text: In May 2020, it was found that attorney Douglas Wigdor would be representing Reade "pro bono". He is known for representing six women who alleged sexual misconduct by Harvey Weinstein. However, Wigdor stopped representing her later on in the month when news reported that the Monterey District Attorney's Office in Monterey, California was investigating Reade for lying about her school and work experience in court. They had hired her as an expert witness on domestic violence, and she testified during several court cases. The investigation started after many news websites and newspapers reported that she lied about obtaining an undergraduate degree from Antioch University under a "protected program". There was no protected program, and she did not receive a degree. The District Attorney's Office decided not to punish her for the lying about the degree, even though they confirmed that she had lied.


title: Gregg v. Georgia

text: In these cases, the Court ruled that the states could use capital punishment (the death penalty), but only if they followed certain rules. If the states did not follow these rules when they sentenced people to death, they would be violating the Constitution of the United States by giving out a cruel and unusual punishment.


title: Ray Rayner

text: Rayner died on January 21, 2004, of complications from pneumonia in Fort Myers, Florida at the age of 84.


title: Gregg v. Georgia

text: In 1972, the Court had ruled that the way Georgia was using the death penalty was unconstitutional. After this decision, all of the states stopped using the death penalty while they changed their capital punishment laws. Because of this, there were no executions in the United States between 1972 and 1976.


title: Gregg v. Georgia

text: However, in "Gregg v. Georgia", the Court ruled that Georgia's new death penalty law was constitutional, and they gave the state permission to execute Troy Leon Gregg. This ended the temporary stop on executions in the United States. It made it clear to the states that as long as they followed the rules set out in the "Gregg" decision, they could start using the death penalty again.


title: Gregg v. Georgia

text: The "Gregg" case happened because of another Supreme Court case called "Furman v. Georgia," which the Court decided In 1972. In this case, three different men who had been sentenced to death argued that Georgia was giving them a cruel and unusual punishment. This is against the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution, which makes cruel and unusual punishments illegal.


title: Gregg v. Georgia

text: The Supreme Court agreed that when Georgia gave the death penalty to these three men, the state violated the Eighth Amendment. Different Supreme Court Justices said Georgia's death penalty was 'cruel and unusual' for different reasons.


title: Gregg v. Georgia

text: Some Justices said that Georgia's use of the death penalty was "arbitrary." This meant that Georgia's courts gave the death penalty to some people and not to others, even when they committed the same crime, for no good reason.


title: Gregg v. Georgia

text: Other Justices said Georgia's use of the death penalty was "discriminatory". They wrote that black defendants seemed more likely to get the death penalty than whites. This would violate the Fourteenth Amendment, which says that the states must give every person "the equal protection of the laws." If a certain group, like black people, is more likely to get the death penalty just because of their race, they are not being treated equally under the laws.


title: Gregg v. Georgia

text: After "Furman", all of the states stopped using the death penalty so they could change their capital punishment laws. They wanted these new laws to make sure the death penalty would not be given in an arbitrary or discriminatory way. By early 1975, thirty states had passed new death penalty laws that they thought would satisfy the Supreme Court and let them use the death penalty in a constitutional way.


title: Gregg v. Georgia

text: "Gregg" started out as five separate cases in five different states: "Gregg v. Georgia", "Proffitt v. Florida", "Jurek v. Texas", "Woodson v. North Carolina", and "Roberts v. Louisiana".


title: Gregg v. Georgia

text: After the "Furman" decision, the states of Georgia, Florida, Texas, North Carolina, and Louisiana changed their death penalty laws to obey the Supreme Court's decision in "Furman". After this, the five defendants in these cases Troy Leon Gregg, Charles William Proffitt, Jerry Jurek, James Tyrone Woodson, and Stanislaus Roberts were each convicted of murder. Each was sentenced to death. Each defendant appealed to their state's Supreme Court. Each of the five state Supreme Courts said the death sentences were fair and legal.


title: Gregg v. Georgia

text: Next, the defendants asked the United States Supreme Court to decide whether their death sentences were constitutional. In "Furman", the Court had ruled that the death penalty was "sometimes" cruel and unusual punishment. These five defendants were asking the Supreme Court to rule that the death penalty was "always" cruel and unusual punishment. If the Court ruled this way, it would make the death penalty unconstitutional in the entire United States. The death penalty would be illegal in every state in the country.


title: Gregg v. Georgia

text: The Supreme Court agreed to hear the cases, but they combined them all into one case. This one case is usually called "Gregg v. Georgia", because the entire name of the case is very long.


title: Gregg v. Georgia

text: The United States Supreme Court was trying to answer a few legal questions in "Gregg". The most important were:


title: Gregg v. Georgia

text: The Court ruled 7-2 that the death penalty is not always cruel and unusual punishment. (The two Justices who disagreed, William Brennan and Thurgood Marshall, had already said in "Furman" that they thought capital punishment was "always" cruel and unusual.)


title: Gregg v. Georgia

text: The Court set out two rules that state laws have to include to make sure their death penalty sentencing laws are constitutional:


title: Gregg v. Georgia

text: Specifically, the Court said that Georgia's, Florida's, and Texas's new death penalty laws met these requirements. This meant these laws were constitutional, and these states could go back to executing people.


title: Gregg v. Georgia

text: The Court ruled that North Carolina's and Louisiana's new laws did not meet the requirements, because they made the death penalty mandatory (required in all cases) for some crimes. This meant these laws were still unconstitutional.


title: Syed Ahmed (politician)

text: Syed Ahmed (March 6, 1945 - September 27, 2015) was an Indian politician, author and a member of the Congress Party. He was sworn in as the sixteenth Governor of Manipur on May 16, 2015, but only served four months before dying of cancer in office on September 27.


title: Copaganda

text: Copaganda is when the media show police officers in a good way, and do not show the bad actions that they do. The word is a portmanteau of cop and propaganda, and is used by Black Lives Matter activists. Showing police in a good way is not thought to be true for many working class, indigenous, brown, and black people.


title: Economic boom

text: The United States of America had an essential supply of natural resources such as timber, iron, coal, minerals, oil and land. Immigrants provided a plentiful and cheap work force to utilise these resources. This enabled America to become a huge economic power at the beginning of the 20th century. These resources were an important foundation for the economy.


title: Robert J. Modrzejewski

text: Robert Joseph Modrzejewski (born July 3, 1934) is a retired United States Marine Corps officer. He was awarded the United States’ highest military decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his servies in Vietnam. In a White House ceremony on March 12, 1968, President Lyndon B. Johnson presented the Medal of Honor to two Marines for their actions in Vietnam — Major Modrzejeski and Second Lieutenant John J. McGinty, III.


title: Josh Robert Thompson

text: Josh Robert Thompson is an American Voice actor, Comedian, Puppeteer, and Actor. He currently works on Family Guy. He is probably best known for voicing and being the puppeteer of Geoff Peterson on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson.


title: Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)

text: Mixed is an ethnic category that has been used by the United Kingdom's Office for National Statistics since 1991.


title: Economic boom

text: Whilst European economies suffered during the First World War, the USA experienced significant growth. US banks loaned money to Europe and businesses sold much needed goods. The war also provided a stimulus for inventions in production, materials and advertising. Immediately after the war there was a small slump but from 1922 the USA experienced an unprecedented economic boom.


title: Josh Robert Thompson

text: Thompson is known for his celebrity impressions, including Morgan Freeman, Robert De Niro, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Matthew McConaughey.


title: Economic boom

text: Electricity developed slowly before the war but during the 1920s the electricity industry experienced a huge boom. By 1929 the majority of houses in America had electricity and 70 per cent of them used it for lighting purposes. As a result of the development of factories to produce consumer goods for the American people, the demand for electricity doubled. Electrical power was introduced in factories to drive machinery, and thus it became possible to introduce mass production to a number of factories, e.g. refrigerators, washing machines, vacuum cleaners and radio sets.


title: Josh Robert Thompson

text: Thompson grew up in Cleveland, Ohio, "raised by classic television." He would watch as actors became different characters and began to mimic them. At age eight, his grandmother bought him a Fisher-Price tape recorder that he used to create radio-style "shows", voicing the host and the guests. The following year, he performed on stage in "Peter Pan" at the Cleveland Play House.


title: Economic boom

text: The car industry is the best example of mass production during the period. Henry Ford was a pioneer with his idea of producing affordable cars for the people of America. He set about realising his dream by producing his early cars in small workshops. He had groups of men working for him and gradually the cars were built.


title: Josh Robert Thompson

text: During his junior year at Padua Franciscan High School, Thompson delivered one line for the school's production of "Oklahoma!" and walked off to laughter and applause. "Then someone backstage said, 'They're clapping for you. They love you.' After that, I was hooked." Thompson and some of his classmates got a video camera and began making feature-length and short films, and television-style shows. He graduated from Padua in 1993.


title: Economic boom

text: Henry Ford's hard work bore fruit. As he produced more and more cars, he could reduce his prices. By 1925 the price of a car was around $290, which was much cheaper than the price of $850 in 1908. Henry Ford was of the opinion that it was better to sell more cars for a small profit, as that meant employing more workers.


title: Josh Robert Thompson

text: Thompson moved to Los Angeles a few years later and performed on local television and as a stand-up comic while working toward his degree in TV, Radio and Film Production at California State University, Fullerton. He uses his middle name professionally because a "Josh Thompson" was already registered with the Screen Actors Guild.


title: Economic boom

text: By 1929 Americans owned 23 million cars. The workers earned good wages ($5 per day), thousands of jobs were created, roads were built, petrol stations were built, as were hotels and restaurants. Therefore, the entire economy was given a substantial boost due to the car industry.


title: Economic boom

text: In order to help American people to purchase the new goods that were available, systems of hire-purchase and credit were introduced. This meant that a person could buy something by paying for it on a monthly basis. As a result, the majority of Americans could afford expensive goods. In order to encourage Americans to take advantage of the scheme, advertisements were placed on roadsides, on the radio, in newspapers and in cinemas.


title: Economic boom

text: During the same period, chain stores appeared for the first time, e.g. J P Penney. Catalogue shopping also became fashionable as it was a convenient way of buying goods.


title: SMK Jalan Damai

text: Jalan Damai Secondary School or simply SMK Jalan Damai, is a national secondary school located in Kampung Baru, Penang, Malaysia. It has about 2370 students and 120 teachers.


title: SMK Jalan Damai

text: SMK Jalan Damai, Bukit Mertajam was founded on 5th January 1970. At that time, it was known as Sekolah Menengah Rendah, Bukit Mertajam (the Lower Secondary School, Bukit Mertajam) with a total of 717 students and 29 teachers (including a religious teacher and a principal Mr. A. Gopala Krishnan).During that time, the official buildings were still under construction, so the students had to share facilities and spaces with Sekolah Tinggi Bukit Mertajam (Bukit Mertajam High School) in the afternoon session. At the end of 1973, the new buildings (14 classrooms, 3 science labs, 2 domestic science rooms, industrial arts workshop and canteen) were completed on Jalan Damai, Bukit Mertajam. On the 7th of January 1974, 602 students moved to the new buildings.


title: SMK Jalan Damai

text: In December 2020, SMK Jalan Damai has changed principle again. The new principle's name is Dr. Ooi Yek Hwa. He succeeded the job from Mr Lee Cheah Kuen. Mr Lee Cheak Kuen retired on December 2020. ..


title: Tower 42

text: Tower 42, previously known as the NatWest tower or National Westminster Tower is a skyscraper in the City of London, England. From the top, the design of the building is made to resemble the NatWest logo.


title: Jim'll Fix It

text: Jim'll Fix It was a long-running British television show. It was broadcast by the BBC between 1975 and 1994. In 2007 it was shown on UKTVGold. It was presented by the late Jimmy Savile. It was produced by Roger Ordish, who also worked on other BBC shows, including A Bit of Fry & Laurie. When Saville was knighted, the book for the 1991 series of the comedy sketch show had a statement that in future "Jim'll Fix It" would be known as: "Sir James will bring his influence to bear in arranging matters to your satisfaction."


title: Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon

text: Madame de Maintenon (27 November 1635 – 15 April 1719) was a French woman. She became the second wife of King Louis XIV, even though the marriage was never announced to the public.


title: Don't Start Now

text: “Don’t Start Now” is a song performed by English singer Dua Lipa. It was released on October 31, 2019, as the first single from her second studio album, "Future Nostalgia" (2020). The song was written by Lipa, Caroline Ailin, Emily Warren, and its producer, Ian Kirkpatrick.


title: The King's Speech

text: The King's Speech is a 2010 British historical drama movie. It is set in the 1930s. It was directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler.


title: We've Only Just Begun

text: The song is often used for a wedding song. It was first played in a wedding-themed commercial in the winter of 1970. It was released in September, 1970. It had Karen Carpenter's lead vocals and overdubbed harmonies by her and his brother Richard Carpenter. "We've Only Just Begun" peaked at #1 on the Cash Box singles chart. It also hit #2 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. The song helped the Carpenters win two Grammy Awards including Best New Artist. They also won a Grammy for Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals.


title: A Clergyman's Daughter

text: A Clergyman's Daughter is a novel by George Orwell. It was published in 1935. It tells the story of a young woman called Dorothy Hare who loses her memory and finds herself lost in London.


title: Tower 42

text: It was constructed between 1971 and 1980, first occupied in 1980 and opened on 11 June 1981 by Queen Elizabeth II. When completed it became the tallest building in the United Kingdom and remained the tallest in the city of London for 30 years until the completion of Heron Tower in December 2009.


text: She was born ""Françoise d'Aubigné"", a daughter of Constant d'Aubigné and his wife Jeanne de Cardilhac. She was born in Niort, in western France. In 1652, Françoise married Paul Scarron As a result, she became known as "Madame Scarron". She eventually became a friend of Madame de Montespan and was to be the main governess of the children of King Louis and Montespan.


title: Don't Start Now

text: The song has been successful on record charts, reaching number two in the UK and the US, where it outperformed her previous single, “New Rules”, which reached number six there.


title: The King's Speech

text: Colin Firth plays King George VI who, to overcome his stammer, sees Lionel Logue. Logue is an Australian speech therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The two men become friends as they work together. After his brother, Edward VIII, abdicates, the new king relies on Logue to help him make a radio broadcast at the beginning of World War II.


title: A Clergyman's Daughter

text: George Orwell spent some time living rough on the streets and working in fields in Kent so that he could understand what life was like for poor people. These experiences gave Orwell some of the ideas he used for the book.


title: Tower 42

text: The cost to build it was £72 million (£283 million today). The building today has grade A office spaces, a restaurant on the 24th floor and a champagne and seafood bar on the 42nd floor.


text: In 1675, the king gave her the title of Marquise de Maintenon after the name of her personal estate. This favour incurred Madame de Montespan's jealousy. At court, she was now known as Madame de Maintenon, as a result of King Louis buying her and estate at Maintenon. It has been suspected that Maintenon and King Louis a private marriage ceremony between October 1683 and January 1684. King Louis' wife Queen Marie Thérèse died in July 1683. As a result of her birth Maintenon would never be acknowledged as Louis' wife or as queen. She founded the "Maison royale de Saint Louis", a school for girls from poorer noble families, in 1684.


title: A Clergyman's Daughter

text: After the book was released, Orwell said that he did not like it and he did not want it to be published again whilst he was alive. He did say that it could be published again if his family needed money after he died.


title: Tower 42

text: In June 2012, a Capix LED multi-media lighting system was installed around levels 39 to 45. This replaced the previous high-energy floodlighting at the top of the building.


title: A Clergyman's Daughter

text: Dorothy Hare is a young woman who lives with her father, a clergyman. He is very strict and treats Dorothy badly. She spends her days working hard for her father with no time for herself. One evening, she is invited to dinner by a male friend, Mr. Warbuton, who sexually assaults her. Afterwards, she stays up late to finish some work for the church.


title: Tower 42

text: The top of the tower is made to resemble the NatWest logo of three chevrons in a hexagonal arrangement.


title: A Clergyman's Daughter

text: Dorothy is now in London with no memory of the past eight days. She meets a group of young people who bring her to Kent to work in the fields with them. When she returns to London, it is difficult for her to find a place to stay and after a while she is homeless and has to sleep in Trafalgar Square.


title: A Clergyman's Daughter

text: Dorothy's father sends a letter to his cousin who helps Dorothy to get a job as a school teacher. The owner of the school is only interested in making money but Dorothy tries to make the classes more interesting for the students. The owner of the school does not like this and after a while she tells Dorothy to leave the school and Dorothy loses her job.


title: A Clergyman's Daughter

text: As Dorothy leaves the school, Mr. Warbuton arrives. He tells Dorothy that someone had spread rumours about her behaving badly but nobody believed them anymore and it was safe for Dorothy to return home. Mr. Warbuton asks Dorothy to marry him but she says no and ends up back in her old routine.


title: Yellow River

text: The Yellow River (Huáng Hé 黄河) is the second longest river in China (after Yangtze River) and the sixth longest in the world. The river is 5464 km long and it drains at the Bohai Sea, a gulf of the Yellow Sea. The river is often called the "Mother River of China" and "the Cradle of the Chinese civilization" in China. In Chinese mythology, the river is home to the deity Hebo.


title: Surrender (military)

text: Surrender is when soldiers, nations or other combatants stop fighting and eventually become prisoners of war or POW, either as individuals or when ordered to by their officers. A white flag is a common symbol of surrender. Surrender usually occurs when one side of a battle happens to be overpowered by the other and are no longer in the condition to fight any more.


title: Juninho Paulista

text: Juninho Paulista (born 22 February 1973) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for the Brazil national team.


title: Dimitar Kovačevski

text: Dimitar Kovačevski (; born 1974) is a Macedonian politician and economist who is the prime minister of North Macedonia since 17 January 2022.


title: Bengali Wikipedia

text: The Bengali Wikipedia is the Bengali language version of the Wikipedia. Bengali is the language of Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal, and parts of the Indian states of Tripura and Assam. Bengali is an Indo-Aryan (coming from the region of India and Pakistan) language.


title: Peer Augustinski

text: Peer Augustinski (June 25, 1940 – October 3, 2014) was a German actor and voice actor. He was born in Berlin. He was the official German dub-over artist of Robin Williams. Augustinski voice dubbed nearly all of Williams' work such as "Awakenings", "Toys", "Good Will Hunting", "Aladdin", and "Dead Poets Society".


title: Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi

text: Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi is a in Tamil Nadu, India.Its chairman is Thol. Thirumavalavan, a lawyer from Chennai.The party's main principle is the abolition of the Hindu caste system and the institution of equality among Tamil people. The political party believes that true social equality lies in the unification of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, Other Backward Classes, and minorities such as the Christians and Muslims of Tamil Nadu.The Party is against capitalism, caste domination, and Brahminism.


title: Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi

text: Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Party is one among the parties along with Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and Paataali Makkal katchi which Campaigned against government liquor shops of Tamil Nadu popularly known as TASMAC.


title: Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi

text: The main aim of the party is to abolish the differences among Tamil people and to lift up the economically weaker sections of society. The party supported the freedom movement of Tamil people in Tamil Eelam, as well as the security of Tamil people living abroad.The party also declared that Mahinda Rajapaksa should be charged with war crimes for the alleged assassination of thousands of innocent Tamil people during war against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.


title: Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi

text: The Political party is accused of extra promoting Tamil nationalism and supporting Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam which is banned in India.Although major Tamil political parties DMK and ADMK both are accused for indirectly supporting LTTE, VCK is accused of supporting LTTE leader Prabakaran openly in its party posters. It is alleged that LTTE involved in the assassination of Former Indian prime minister Rajiv Gandhi.VCK Party is demanding release of the Rajiv Gandhi murder accusers along with major Tamil parties like NTK,MDMK,PMK,SMK,AIADMK and DMK.VCK Party also celebrated the birth day of Slain LTTE Leader Prabakaran along with other Tamil parties.


title: Bronisław Komorowski

text: Bronisław Maria Komorowski (born 4 June 1952, Oborniki Śląskie) is a Polish centre-right politician and the ex-President of Poland. He was elected on 5 July 2010, after President Lech Kaczyński died in a plane crash near Smolensk, Russia.


title: Bronisław Komorowski

text: Previously, Komorowski, who is a member of the Sejm since 1989, was an opposition activist during a period of communist rule, Minister of Defense (2000-2001) and Marshal of the Sejm (2007-2010).


title: Bronisław Komorowski

text: A member of the old Polish nobility, he's related to, among others, General Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski, who led the Warsaw uprising during World War II, and to Crown Princess Mathilde of Belgium.


title: Fiscal policy

text: When a state uses taxes and government spending to influence the economy, this is known as fiscal policy in economics and political science. Idea from John Maynard Keynes. The state can influence the following parameters:


title: Fiscal policy

text: There are two basic kinds of taxes: those on revenue, and those on economic activity, usually called excise taxes. Lowering the excise taxation will lead to increased economic activity, for example. Changes in welfare also have an impact on economic activity.


title: Fiscal policy

text: In general, fiscal policy is cyclic: Effects which result from changes in fiscal policy need some time until they can be observed.


title: Fiscal policy

text: Certain schools of thought think that fiscal policy should not be used to influence the economy. This is the case for Monetarism, which demands that keeping money at its value is the most important goal.


title: Steppe bison

text: The steppe bison, or steppe wisent ("Bison priscus"), is an extinct bison. It lived on steppes in Europe, Central Asia, Beringia, and North America during the Quaternary. It is believed that it evolved somewhere in South Asia, That would mean it appeared at about the same time and region as the aurochs, with which its descendants are sometimes confused.


title: Ghostbusters: Afterlife

text: Ghostbusters: Afterlife (titled Ghostbusters: Legacy or Ghostbusters: From Beyond in some markets) is an 2021 American supernatural horror fantasy comedy movie directed by Jason Reitman and written by Reitman and Gil Kenan. It stars Carrie Coon, Finn Wolfhard, Mckenna Grace, and Paul Rudd, while Bill Murray, Dan Aykroyd, Ernie Hudson, Sigourney Weaver, and Annie Potts return to their roles from the original movies.


title: Steppe bison

text: The steppe wisent became extinct in the Pleistocene. It was replaced in Europe by the modern wisent species. It was replaced in America by "Bison latifrons", then later "Bison antiquus"), and finally the modern American bison.


title: Ghostbusters: Afterlife

text: It is the interquel and a direct sequel to "Ghostbusters" (1984) and "Ghostbusters II" (1989) also Ghostbusters: Answer The Call (2016).


title: Steppe bison

text: Steppe wisent occasionally appear in cave painting. They are in the famous Cave of Altamira and Lascaux. They have also been found in naturally ice-preserved form.


title: Ghostbusters: Afterlife

text: "Ghostbusters: Afterlife" was originally scheduled for release in the United States on July 10, 2020, but was delayed to November 19, 2021.


title: The Flash (movie)

text: The Flash is an upcoming American superhero movie based on the DC Comics character of the same name. It is produced by DC Films, The Disco Factory, and Double Dream, and set for distribution by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is set in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).


title: The Flash (movie)

text: The movie is directed by Andy Muschietti from a screenplay by Christina Hodson. It stars Ezra Miller as Barry Allen / The Flash alongside Ben Affleck, Michael Keaton, Sasha Calle, Kiersey Clemons, Maribel Verdú, and Ron Livingston. In "The Flash", Allen travels back in time to prevent his mother's murder, which causes many problems.


title: The Flash (movie)

text: The movie is inspired by the comic book storyline "Flashpoint", featuring multiple DC Comics characters including Affleck and Keaton as different versions of Batman.


title: The Flash (movie)

text: Additionally, Saoirse-Monica Jackson and Rudy Mancuso have been cast in undisclosed roles. Temuera Morrison, who plays Aquaman's father Thomas Curry will also appear in the movie.


title: Pedal

text: A pedal is something that is made to work by someone's foot. The word "pedal" comes from the Latin word for "foot". Many things can be made to work by pedals. These include:


title: Catherine Zeta-Jones

text: Catherine Zeta-Jones CBE (born 25 September 1969) is an Academy Award-winning Welsh actress living in the United States. She started acting at in theatre when she was young. After this, she has many small role British and American television and movies. She became a famous actor once she start acting in Hollywood movies such as The Phantom, The Mask of Zorro, and Entrapment in the late 1990s.


title: Catherine Zeta-Jones

text: She won Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for acting as Velma Kelly in 2002 movie Chicago. She is the first and only Welsh actress to win that award.


title: Catherine Zeta-Jones

text: Zeta-Jones is married to American actor Michael Douglas, with whom she shares a birthday. They have two children - Dylan (named after Dylan Thomas) and Carys.


title: Ammonium

text: Ammonium is an ion. It is an ammonia molecule, NH, protonated (with a hydrogen ion added) to make NH. It bonds with negative ions such as chloride to make salts such as ammonium chloride. Ammonium is slightly reducing so it can react with strong oxidizing agents.


title: ER (TV series)

text: ER is an American medical drama television series that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994 to April 2, 2009. Novelist Michael Crichton was the creator of the show.


title: ER (TV series)

text: The show is about the fictional County General Hospital in Chicago. It showed stories from the emergency room.


title: ER (TV series)

text: "ER" won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards. It won 116 awards overall, including the Peabody Award. The show was nominated for 124 Emmys.


title: George P. Smith

text: George Pieczenik Smith (born March 10, 1941) is an American chemist. He is the Curators’ Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Biological Sciences at the University of Missouri-Columbia. He is best known for phage displays. It is when a specific protein's genetic code is artificially inserted into a bacterophage's coat protein gene.


Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) (formerly named Jabber) is a protocol for instant messaging. It is inspired by XML.


title: Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol

text: It is different to most protocols because it is an open standard. This means that anybody who has a domain name and an internet connection can run their own server. Most of the software and the clients are open source.


text: Other software such as Google Talk and the Gizmo5 use the XMPP protocol. It has been installed on thousands of servers across the internet. There are over five hundred million users who use software based on the protocol. Clients include Pidgin and iChat.


text: Jeremie Miller started the Jabber project in 1998. The first major public release was in May 2000. This early software was the basis of XMPP. It was a competitor to SIMPLE, which was based on the SIP protocol.


text: In August 2001, the Jabber Software Foundation (JSF) was started. The main role of the JSF was to manage the XML protocols for XMPP by documenting them. As well as this, the organisation was to co-ordinate the many companies that were using the XMPP technology.


text: In 2002, the Internet Engineering Task Force created a working group to formalize the protocol. The group was named the "Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol Working Group", or "XMPP WG".


text: XMPP can use HTTP to send data to the servers. This is useful when there are strict firewalls in place, because data can be sent through the web instead of through a different port (port 5222 and 5223).


text: There are also open public servers which use standard ports (port 80 and 443) so that users can connect from behind most firewalls.


title: Don Juan DeMarco

text: John Arnold DeMarco (Johnny Depp) believes himself to be Don Juan, the greatest lover in the world. Clad in a cape and eye-mask, he undergoes psychiatric treatment with Marlon Brando's character to cure him of his apparent disillusionment with his identity. But the psychiatric sessions have an unexpected effect on his psychiatrist, whose relationship with his wife, played by Faye Dunaway, is also affected.


title: Touhou

text: Touhou or Touhou Project (Japanese: 東方Project, Hepburn version: Tōhō Purojekuto) is a series of space shooter bullet hell games developed by a single individual game developer Team Shanghai Alice. From the year 1995, the team leader, Jun'ya Ota, also and mainly known as ZUN, has made code, art, writing and music for the series, publishing 18 main series games and five spin-offs as of May 2021. He has also written manga print works and composed albums, and worked together with the developer Twilight Frontier on six Touhou fighting games.


title: Don Juan DeMarco

text: Selena made a brief cameo appearance as a Mariachi singer. A hit single for Bryan Adams, "Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman?", is the cornerstone of the soundtrack.


title: Touhou

text: The games are set in Gensokyo, a place sealed from the outside world where mostly humans and youkai live. Youkai are creatures from Japanese folklore that are represented as people in the game as female characters most of the time. Reimu Hakurei, the shrine maiden of the Hakurei Shrine and the main character of the series, is often involved in settling supernatural incidents in and around Gensokyo. Other main characters include Marisa Kirisame, a witch, Sakuya Izayoi, a maid, Reisen Udongein Inaba, a moon rabbit, and Sanae Kochiya, a shrine maiden at the competing Moriya Shrine.


title: Touhou

text: The first five games were developed for the Japanese NEC PC-9800 computer series, the first one, "Highly Responsive to Prayers", was released in August 1997.


title: Touhou

text: The series' famous danmaku system was introduced in the second game, "Story Of Eastern Wonderland", also in 1997. The release of "Embodiment of Scarlet Devil" was a change to Microsoft Windows. More sequels followed, including some spin-offs that were different from the normal bullet hell format.


title: Touhou

text: This game series has been very famous for being a large source of doujin content as different types of media such as songs, artworks, games and stories have been made by the followers of Touhou Project, and as a result it has gained a very large following outside Japan, due to the small amount of rules regarding copyright set up by ZUN. These works are usually sold at Fan conventions such as Comiket, which is notable for highest doujin circle participation, and the official "Reitaisai", where early versions of upcoming games are put on display there.


title: Legendary Pictures

text: Legendary Pictures, Inc. (also called Legendary Entertainment) is an American movie production company. The parent company is based in Burbank, California and was founded by Thomas Tull in 2000. In 2005 the company made a 40-picture agreement to co-produce and co-finance with Warner Bros.


title: Legendary Pictures

text: By 2011 the company was reported to have been valued at more than $1 billion. In September 2011, Chief Creative Officer Jon Jashni was appointed to the new position of President.


title: Legendary Pictures

text: In 2010, the company announced the launch of a comic book division called Legendary Comics, LLC. It is under the direction of editor-in-chief Bob Schreck. The first graphic novel published by the company was "Holy Terror" by Frank Miller, which was released in 2011.


title: Legendary Pictures

text: In 2011, the company announced the creation of Legendary Television, LLC. The division was headed by Jeremy Elice and a co-financing contract with Warner Bros. Television was signed. In 2012, Legendary decided to delay its expansion into television and shut down the division. The contract with Warner Bros. was ended and Elice left the company.


title: Legendary Pictures

text: Legendary Entertainment has co-produced 24 feature movies. The box office column shows the worldwide gross for the theatrical release of the movie in United States dollars.


title: Game of Death II

text: Game of Death II (死亡塔) is a 1981 Hong Kong martial arts film directed by Ng See-yuen and starring Tong Lung, Huong Cheng Li and Roy Horan. This film was marketed as a sequel to "Game of Death (1978 movie)". Produced and distributed by "Golden Harvest".


title: Game of Death II

text: Other Game of Death movies after the death of "Bruce Lee". After the first appearance, in 1973, of "The Game of Death (1972 movie)" within the documentary "", several studios exploited the situation by making their own versions of Game of Death based on what they had learned of the story from production stills and magazine articles. Some of these films pre-dated Robert Clouse's "Game of Death (1978 movie)". "" (1975), "Enter the Game of Death" (1978), "The True Game of Death" (1979) and others. The sequel "Game of Death II", is a kung fu action mystery film directed by "Ng See-yuen" which used cut footage from Lee's "Enter the Dragon" to have him make an appearance in the beginning of the film, only to be killed off midway, allowing his on-screen brother to take on the role of protagonist. Aside from the international English dub giving the "Bruce Lee" character the name "Billy Lo", this movie appears to have no connection with Clouse's film.


title: Jure Francetić

text: Jure Francetić (3 July 1912 – 27/28 December 1942) was an Ustashe Commissioner of Bosnia and Herzegovina, war criminal, responsible for the lawful arrest of Bosnian Serbs


title: Jure Francetić

text: Francetić was born in Otočac on July 3, 1912. After gymnasium (high school) he went to study law at the University of Zagreb, were he joined the Ustaša movement. Soon after, he was exiled from Zagreb for five years as a result of his anti-Yugoslav political activities. He stayed in Otočac for a short time before emigrating to Italy in March 1933. He took the Ustaša oath in the Borgotaro camp on April 24, 1933, and then spent the following four years in Austria, Italy and Hungary. In Hungary he joined to the Ustashe terrorist group camp at Jankapuszta, under new, conspirative name 'Laszlo'.


title: Jure Francetić

text: After the assassination of Alexander I of Yugoslavia he was interned on Sardinia by Mussolini at the request of the Yugoslav government. After a general declaration of amnesty in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Francetić returned to Croatia in November 1937, but was immediately arrested and exiled to his hometown. The next year Francetić returned to Zagreb hoping to complete his study of law but was forced to complete his military service instead. In late 1940 he was again arrested in Zagreb because of a congratulatory telegraph to Jozef Tiso, president of the newly formed Slovak Republic (1939–1945), signed by a number of Croat nationalists. He was again exiled to his native Otočac. After delivering an inflammatory nationalistic speech at a local school's New Year's celebration in Otočac on January 12, 1941, he escaped to Germany to avoid another arrest.


title: Jure Francetić

text: Francetić earned his only military education and officer rank while serving the Kingdom of Yugoslavia Army. He became a non-commissioned officer in the rank of sergeant. About Francetić's military experience and knowledge, his Ustashe superior Eugen Dido Kvaternik wrote: "He did not have basic military knowledge nor military education, nor did he have any talent for basic military organization.". After establishment of the Independent State of Croatia in April 1941 he and other 10 Ustašas organized the Black Legion (Croatian: Crna Legija). Jure Francetić became the leader of the Black Legion and earned the rank of colonel in the Ustaša army. Kvaternik believed that Francetić "a born guerrilla and a son of our mountainous Hercegovina" was the reason good enough to put him in the role of military leader in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In order to consolidate the Ustashe party power, much of the party work in the province he put in the hands of Catholic priests. Francetić's Ustashe took control over the local administration by dismissing all civil servants and teachers belonging to the category of "Srbijanci", as well as those who were Jews. Killings, arrests, and deportation of Serbs and Jews was a regular duty of Francetić's henchmen - based and justified by the official Ustashe policy which demanded total extermination of Jews and murder, expulsion, and conversion to the Roman Catholicism of Serb population in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Francetić participated personally in arresting and interrogations of prominent Serbian and Jewish leaders (Vaso Miskin, Albahari) and ordered the murders of some of them. He even turned his own Sarajevo apartment into the prison kitchen and laundry room.


title: Jure Francetić

text: Justification for the slaughter of Bosnian Serbs and Jews Francetic found in " the propaganda of 'the Jewish communist hydra' had succeeded in misleading a majority of the Serb Orthodox population in eastern Bosnia into committing 'criminal acts against the state' "and concluded that "the 'most drastic means' would have to be employed against them."


title: Jure Francetić

text: Ustashe's unseen cruelty and savagery applied against Serbs and Jews even prompted the German command to demand that Francetić, as the commander of the 1st Brigade Black Legion, be dismissed. Pavelić defied and promoted Francetić to commander of all Ustashe field formations. In the pre-war times about 15,000 Jews lived in Bosnia and Herzegovina. About 3,000 women and children of this number - were arrested and kept in Kruschnitze concentration camp (Bosnia). Later they will be deported to Jasenovac and Stara Gradiska concentration camps. Additional 7,000 Bosnian Jews will be deported directly to Jasenovac concentration camp.