title: Collage

text: Collage is a popular technique in modern art. Types of collage are 'decoupage', photomontage and digital collage. When actual painting is included, or any other medium, the technique is called 'mixed media'. Work in three dimensions may be called 'assemblage'.


title: Qi

text: Qi ("Chi" or "Ki") is an esoteric energy field or power source in Chinese mysticism. Qi is usually interpreted as "vital life force", but can also generally refer to energy and physical power in the universe. Qi is a major concept in Chinese acupuncture, which focuses on stimulating pressure points in the body in order to regulate Qi flow for good health. The concept of Qi also plays a part in Qigong and Feng shui.


title: Baryonyx

text: Baryonyx was a carnivorous theropod dinosaur discovered in clay pits just south of Dorking, England, and also in northern Spain. It has been dated to the Barremian stage of the Lower Cretaceous period, between 130 to 125 million years ago.


title: Baryonyx

text: It was first discovered in 1983 by the amateur fossil hunter William Walker. A group of scientists lead by Alan Charig and Angela Milner of the Natural History Museum of London examined the skeleton and named the animal "Baryonyx" (meaning 'heavy claw'), and the species name "walkeri" after the man who discovered it. Other good skeletons were discovered in England and in Spain, which gave scientists a good idea of what the dinosaur was like.


title: Baryonyx

text: "Baryonyx" grew up to between long and weighed 1.2 and 1.7 t (1.3 and 1.9 short tons). It had long arms which were probably used for holding on to prey, the claw on the first finger was 31 centimeters (12 in) long. It ate mostly fish, like a grizzly bear would; for this it had a long snout like a gharial, and straight, cone-like teeth perfect for fishing. It had a triangle-shaped crest on the top of its skull.


title: Serengeti

text: The Serengeti (also Seremgeti) is a region of savannah (woodlands and grasslands) in East Africa. The south of it (80%) belongs to Tanzania. The north of it is in Kenya. It is about 30,000 square kilometers, and one of the greatest areas for wildlife.


title: Serengeti

text: It has more than 1.6 million herbivores and thousands of predators. Wildebeests, gazelles, zebras and buffalos are the most common animals in the region.


title: Serengeti

text: Every year around October nearly 1.5 million herbivores travel towards the southern plains, crossing the Mara River, from the northern hills for the rains. And then back to the north through the west, once again crossing the Mara river, after the rains in around April. This phenomenon is sometimes also called the Circular Migration.


title: Serengeti

text: Also in this area is the archeologically significant Olduvai Gorge where some of the oldest hominid fossils are found.


title: Serengeti

text: The Serengeti region contains the Serengeti National Park, the Ngorongoro Conservation Area and Maswa Game Reserve in Tanzania and the Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya.


title: Serengeti

text: The park covers 14,763 km² (5,700 square miles) of grassland plains and savanna as well as riverine forest and woodlands. The park is in the north of the country, bordered to the north by the national Tanzania and Kenyan border, where it is continuous with the Masai Mara National Reserve. To the southeast of the park is Ngorongoro Conservation Area, to the southwest is Maswa Game Reserve, and to the western borders are Ikorongo and Grumeti Game Reserves, to the northeast is Loliondo Game Control Area.


title: Serengeti

text: Few people are allowed to live in the National Park. Exceptions the staff of the Park, researchers and staff of Frankfurt Zoological Society, and staff of the various lodges and hotels. The main settlement is at Seronera.


title: Serengeti

text: As well as the migration of ungulates, the park has a healthy stock of other resident wildlife, especially the "Big Five":


title: Serengeti

text: The park also supports many further species, including cheetah, Thomson's and Grant's gazelle, topi, eland, water buck, hyena, baboon, impala, African wild dog and giraffe. The park also boasts about 500 bird species, including ostrich, secretary bird, Kori bustard, crowned crane, marabou stork, martial eagle, lovebirds and many species of vultures.


title: Serengeti

text: The Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site 180 km (112 miles) west of Arusha in the Crater Highlands area of Tanzania.


title: Serengeti

text: The main feature of the NCA is the Ngorongoro Crater, a large volcanic caldera. The crater, which formed when a giant volcano exploded and collapsed on itself some two to three million years ago, is deep and its floor covers .


title: Serengeti

text: Estimates of the height of the original volcano range from fifteen to nineteen thousand feet (4500 to 5800 metres) high.


title: Serengeti

text: Although thought of as "a natural enclosure" for a very wide variety of wildlife, up to 20% or more of the wildebeest ("Connochaetes taurinus") and half the zebra ("Equus burchelli") populations leave the Crater in the wet season. The Ngorongoro lions are significantly inbred, with many genetic problems passed from generation to generation. This is due to the very few new bloodlines that enter the local gene pool, because few migrating male lions enter the crater from the outside. Those who do enter the crater often cannot contribute to the gene pool. The crater's male lions, because of their large size (the result of an abundant food source), easily expel outside competitors.


title: Serengeti

text: Animal populations in the crater include most of the species in East Africa, but there are no impalas ("Aepyceros melampus"), giraffes ("Giraffa camelopardalis"), or crocodiles ("Crocodylus niloticus").


title: Serengeti

text: The crater highlands on the side facing the easterly trade winds receives 800–1200 mm of rain a year and is covered largely in montane forest, while the less-steep west wall receives only 400–600 mm; this side is grassland and bushland dotted with Euphorbia bussei trees. The crater floor is mostly open grassland with two small wooded areas dominated by "Acacia xanthophloea".


title: Serengeti

text: The Munge Stream drains Olmoti Crater to the north, and is the main water source draining into the seasonal salt lake in the center of the crater. This lake is known by two names: "Makat" as the Maasai called it, meaning salt; and "Magadi". The Lerai Stream drains the humid forests to the south of the Crater, and it feeds the Lerai Forest on the crater floor - when there is enough rain, the Lerai drains into Lake Magadi as well. Extraction of water by lodges and NCA headquarters reduces the amount of water entering Lerai by around 25%.


title: Serengeti

text: The other major water source in the crater is the Ngoitokitok Spring, near the eastern crater wall. There is a picnic site here open to tourists and a huge swamp fed by the spring, and the area is inhabited by hippopotamus, elephants, lions, and many others. Many other small springs are around the crater's floor, and these are important water supplies for the animals and local Masaai, especially during times of drought.


title: Serengeti

text: Aside from herds of zebra, gazelle, and wildebeest, the crater is home to the "Big Five Game" of rhinoceros, lion, leopard, elephant, and buffalo. The crater plays host to almost every individual species of wildlife in East Africa, with an estimated 25 000 animals within the crater.


title: Serengeti

text: Following the recommendations of a committee of scientists after the 2000 drought, an ecological burning program was implemented in the crater, which entails annual or biannual controlled burns of up to 20% of the grasslands. Maasai are now permitted to graze their cattle within the crater, but must enter and exit daily.


title: Serengeti

text: The conservation area also protects Olduvai Gorge, in the plains area. It is considered the seat of humanity after the discovery of the earliest known specimens of the human genus, "Homo habilis " as well as early hominidae, such as "Paranthropus boisei".


title: Serengeti

text: The Olduvai Gorge or Oldupai Gorge is a steep-sided ravine in the Great Rift Valley, which stretches along eastern Africa. Olduvai is in the eastern Serengeti Plains in northern Tanzania and is about thirty miles long. It is in the rain shadow of the Ngorongoro highlands and is the driest part of the region.


title: Serengeti

text: It is one of the most important prehistoric sites in the world. Research there has greatly developed our understanding of early human evolution. Excavation work there was pioneered by Mary and Louis Leakey in the 1950s. It is still continued today by their family. During the Pleistocene, the site was that of a large lake, the shores of which were covered with successive deposits of volcanic ash. Around 500,000 years ago seismic activity diverted a nearby stream which began to cut down into the sediments, revealing seven main layers in the walls of the gorge.


title: Two-Face

text: Two-Face or Harvey Dent is a fictional Batman supervillain who appears in comic books by DC Comics. The character was created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger and first appeared in "Detective Comics" #66 (August 1942). He was the district attorney of Gotham City before being burned in an explosion or being burned by acid. After his accident, he became a villain because of his anger against Batman and Gotham City. He always flips a coin when he is about to a commit a crime or take action. Half of his coin is burned. He had a girlfriend, but she either died or left him after his accident.


title: Two-Face

text: He was played by Billy Dee Williams in "Batman", by Tommy Lee Jones in "Batman Forever", and by Aaron Eckhart in "The Dark Knight", and Nicholas D'Agosto in the television series "Gotham." He was voiced by Richard Moll in "".


title: Foreign policy of the United States

text: The foreign policy of the United States is the way in which the United States acts towards other countries. U.S. foreign policy also involves setting out how U.S. organizations, corporations, and individual citizens should act towards foreign countries.


title: Foreign policy of the United States

text: The United States has a lot of power in the world for several reasons. The U.S. has a $15 trillion economy and approximately a quarter of the global Gross Domestic Product. The U.S. also has a defense budget of $711 billion. This is about 43% of military spending in the world. The U.S. has a powerful military that it can send out to protect countries or locations that are considered important to U.S. foreign policy.


title: Foreign policy of the United States

text: The U.S. Secretary of State is the same type of job as the job of foreign minister of other countries. The Secretary of State is responsible for diplomacy with other countries. Today, Antony Blinken is the U.S.'s Secretary of State.


title: Foreign policy of the United States

text: The United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs aims to control nuclear technology and nuclear hardware; foster commercial relations with foreign nations; and safeguard American business abroad. The Committee also watches over international agreements about commodities, international education, and the protection of American citizens abroad.


title: Foreign policy of the United States

text: U.S. foreign policy includes defining what actions and choices are in the best national interest. U.S. foreign policy also includes the strategies that are chosen to lead to policy goals. The goals of the foreign policy of the United States are to create a more secure, democratic, and prosperous world. The U.S. aims to achieve this goal for the benefit of the American people and the international community.


title: Foreign policy of the United States

text: U.S. foreign policy and foreign aid have been the subject of much debate, praise and criticism both from within the U.S. and from other countries.


title: Ryan Tannehill

text: Tannehill played for Texas A&M during his college career, after graduating from Texas' Big Spring High School.


title: Olympic rings

text: The Olympic rings are the official symbol of the Olympic Games. The design was created by Baron Pierre de Coubertin in 1913. The rings on the right represent the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from around the world at the Olympic Games. The rings were first used at the Olympic Games Belgium in 1920.The 5 colours of the rings are blue, black, red, yellow and green.


title: Ryan Tannehill

text: During the 2012 NFL Draft, Tannehill was picked 8th by the Miami Dolphins. He was the first quarterback picked by the Dolphins in the first round of any NFL Draft since Dan Marino. On July 28, 2012, Tannehill signed his rookie contract, a 4-year deal worth $12.688 million. Tannehill started his first pro career game. He played poorly, throwing 0 touchdowns and 3 interceptions against the Houston Texans. Even though he had a poor first game, Tannehill showed signs of growth throughout his rookie season. Despite playing better as the season progressed, his play was still thought to be overall mediocre, as it was overshadowed by the play of other rookie quarterbacks, such as Andrew Luck, Robert Griffin III, and Russell Wilson.


title: Auditorium 6

text: Auditorium 6 is a 2017 American short comedic horror movie directed, written, produced, and edited by Chris Stuckmann. It stars Matthew Brando, KateLynn E. Newberry, Rob Grant, George Tutie, Tara O. Horvath, and Sam Liz. The movie premiered in Cleveland, Ohio on October 25, 2017.


title: Auditorium 6

text: A night janitor takes a job working for an old movie theater and is warned of its sinister history. When he encounters the presence that haunts the theater, something unexpected happens.


title: Auditorium 6

text: The movie's premiere was held in Cleveland, Ohio, on October 25, 2017. Since then, the movie has gone to several different film festivals.


title: Auditorium 6

text: Tyler Hummel from Geeks Under Grace praised the film and said ""Auditorium 6" carries both a genuine energy, enthusiasm, and talent that suggests to me that Mr. Stuckmann could become quite a good independent director." Horror Geek Life writer Curt Oglesbee scored the film 4 out of 5 stars, and said "Chris Stuckmann‘s "Auditorium 6" is an ode to that particular relationship with film, made by movie lovers FOR movie lovers."


title: Zambezi River

text: The Zambezi River is the fourth largest river in Africa. It is also the largest river that enters the Indian Ocean. It starts in Zambia, flows successively through Angola, Zambia again, borders Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, through Mozambique where it enters the ocean. Much more water flows during the rainy season, October through March.


title: Zambezi River

text: The Victoria Falls, the most beautiful sight on the river, is listed as one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The Kariba Dam on the Zambezi is a major source of hydroelectricity


title: Columbia University

text: Columbia University (officially Columbia University in the City of New York) is a research university in the United States. It is an Ivy League university and often considered one of the best in the world. It is the fifth oldest college in the United States.


title: Columbia University

text: It was ranked 2nd best college in the United States by Times Higher Education in 2017. It was ranked 8th best university in the world by U.S. News & World Report.


title: Columbia University

text: The university was founded as "King's College" by royal charter from King George II of Great Britain. It was the first college in New York, and the fifth college in the Thirteen Colonies. A lot of the money that paid for the school came from slavery. After the American Revolution it was renamed "Columbia College" in 1784 and renamed once again to "Columbia University" in 1896 when it moved to its current location in Morningside Heights.


title: Columbia University

text: Ninety-Six Nobel Prize winners have been at Columbia, the second most in the United States after Harvard University. Five Founding Fathers attended Columbia: Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Robert Livingston, Gouverneur Morris and Egbert Benson. Three U.S. Presidents have attended Columbia: Barack Obama, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Theodore Roosevelt. Ten Supreme Court Justices have attended Columbia including the most recent Associate Justice, Neil Gorsuch, and the first Chief Justice, John Jay. Other famous alumni include: Warren Buffett, Madeline Albright, and Lou Gehrig.


title: Columbia University

text: Columbia is home to the Pulitzer Prize for good work in journalism, literature and music. FM radio was created at Columbia. The school is where the foundation of modern genetics was discovered. Its Morningside Heights campus was the first North American site where the uranium atom was split.


title: Columbia University

text: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and College of Dental Medicine are in Washington Heights in Northern Manhattan.


title: The Killers

text: The Killers are an American rock band formed in Las Vegas in 2001 by Brandon Flowers (lead vocals, keyboards, bass) and Dave Keuning (lead guitar, backing vocals). The current, official lineup of the band (as of 2020) consists of Flowers, Mark Stoermer (bass, rhythm guitar, backing vocals) and Ronnie Vannucci Jr. (drums, percussion) - the latter two have both joined The Killers in 2002. The band's name is derived from a logo on the bass drum of a fictitious band portrayed in the music video for the New Order song "Crystal".


title: The Killers

text: The band has released six consecutive chart-topping studio albums: "Hot Fuss" (2004), "Sam's Town" (2006), "Day & Age" (2008), "Battle Born" (2012), "Wonderful Wonderful" (2017), and "Imploding the Mirage" (2020). They have also released a B-sides and rarities compilation, "Sawdust" (2007); a live album, "Live from the Royal Albert Hall" (2009); a greatest-hits album, "Direct Hits" (2013); and a Christmas compilation, "Don't Waste Your Wishes" (2016).


title: The Killers

text: The Killers are considered one of the biggest rock bands of the 21st century, and the most successful act to ever emerge from Nevada, selling more than 28 million records worldwide, including 10.8 million in the US alone. They have performed in over 50 countries and on six continents, headlining venues such as Madison Square Garden, Wembley Stadium and Glastonbury Festival (2007 and 2019).


title: The Killers

text: In 4th August 2017 It was announced that Dave Keuning had left the killers after 15 years with the band, to pursue a solo career and which leaves Brandon Flowers, Mark Stoermer And Ronnie Vannucci Jr to continuing The Killers as a trio and would able to continuing music without him.


title: Mayon Volcano

text: The Mayon Volcano, also known as Mount Mayon, is an active volcano in the province of Albay, on Luzon island in the Philippines. It is a part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. It is one the most active and dangerous volcanoes in the Philippines. Mount Mayon is high, and it is famous for its "perfect cone" shape, which attracts tourists. In 1938 the mountain was declared a national park. It was reclassified and renamed as "Mayon Volcano Natural Park" in the year 2000. The name Mayon is from the Bicol word "magayon" meaning beauty.


title: Habitable zone

text: A habitable zone (HZ) in astronomy is a region of space where conditions are best for life to form as on Earth. Planets in these areas are the most likely to have extraterrestrial life.


title: Habitable zone

text: The habitable zone may also be called the "life zone", "comfort zone", "green belt" or "Goldilocks zone". One in five stars has an Earth-sized planet in the habitable zone. However, it is not known what proportion would have conditions suitable for life.


title: Habitable zone

text: The Goldilocks principle or 'Goldilocks effect' is that something must be within limits: "not too hot, not too cold, but just right".


title: Habitable zone

text: It is taken from a children's story "The Three Bears" in which a little girl named Goldilocks finds a house owned by three bears. Each bear has their own preference of food, beds, etc. After testing each of the three items, Goldilocks determines that one of them is always too much in one extreme (too hot, too large, etc.), one is too much in the opposite extreme (too cold, too small, etc.), and one is "just right".


title: Habitable zone

text: In astrobiology, the Goldilocks zone refers to the habitable zone around a star. A planet must neither be too far away from, nor too close to a star and galactic centre to support life. Either extreme would prevent a planet evolving life.


title: Habitable zone

text: In a solar system, astronomers believe a planet must be in the habitable zone to have life. The circumstellar habitable zone is an area around a star where a planet would be able to have liquid water. Liquid water may be necessary for all forms of life.


title: Habitable zone

text: Bigger stars are generally hotter, so the circumstellar habitable zone would be farther away from the star than for the Sun. Smaller stars are cooler, so the circumstellar habitable zone would be closer to the star than for the Sun. The size and brightness of a star determine where the circumstellar habitable zone is found around the star.


title: Habitable zone

text: This concept is not so widely used. It is the idea that a solar system must also be in a suitable place inside a galaxy for life to form.


title: Habitable zone

text: Some areas of galaxies are better suited to life than others. The Solar System in which we live, in the Orion Spur, on the Milky Way galaxy's edge is a life-favorable spot, since we are there.


title: Habitable zone

text: The habitable zone is the region around a star where a planet has sufficient atmospheric pressure to keep liquid water on its surface.


title: Habitable zone

text: A "habitable planet candidate" implies a terrestrial planet within the zone, and with conditions roughly comparable to those of the Earth (i.e. an Earth analog) and thus potentially favourable to life.


title: Habitable zone

text: Only about a dozen planets have been confirmed in the habitable zone, but the Kepler spacecraft has identified a further 54 candidates. Estimates suggest that there are "at least 500 million" such planets in the Milky Way.


title: Motion of no confidence

text: A motion of no confidence, is a vote on whether a group of people still has confidence in a government or leader. This is mainly a statement or vote which states that a person in a superior position, be it government, managerial, etc., is no longer deemed fit to hold that position.


title: Motion of no confidence

text: The first motion of no confidence occurred in March 1782 when, following news of the British defeat at Yorktown in the American Revolutionary War the previous October, the Parliament of Great Britain voted that they "can no longer repose confidence in the present ministers". In modern times, passage of a motion of no confidence is relatively rare in two-party democracies. Party discipline is usually enough to allow a majority party to defeat a motion of no confidence.


title: Motion of no confidence

text: There are variations of this in different countries. For example, in Germany, Spain, and Israel, a vote of no confidence requires that the opposition, on the same ballot, propose a candidate of their own whom they want to be appointed as successor by the respective head of state. A motion of no confidence in some countries can be proposed in the government collectively or by any individual member, including the Prime Minister. In Spain it is presented by the Prime Minister after consultation.


title: Motion of no confidence

text: Sometimes a party proposes a confidence vote even though it is not likely to pass. The no confidence vote may pressure the government. Or when the government proposes the vote it can embarrass critics who do not vote against the government.


title: Savory (herb)

text: Satureja is a genus of aromatic plants of the family Lamiaceae, related to rosemary and thyme. There are about 30 species called savories, of which Summer Savory and Winter Savory are the most important in cultivation.


title: Phoronida

text: The Phoronida, or horseshoe worms, are a small phylum of marine animals. There are twenty species, in two genera. They are part of the Brachiozoa, which also includes the brachiopods.


title: Phoronida

text: Phoronids are worm-shaped, but with a gut that loops and exits the body near the mouth. That explains the name 'horseshoe worms'. They are found in all oceans and seas (except the polar seas), and all species have wide geographical ranges.


title: Phoronida

text: They occur at depths up to 400 metres, but mainly between 0 to 70 metres. The life span is thought to be about a year. The adults are tube worms, and secrete chitinous tubes in which they live. These tubes can be buried in the mud or sand or rest on the surface of a rocky substrate. If on rocks, they may live in colonies with their tubes become twisted around each other for support. Some species can dissolve away holes in rocks such as limestone, calcareous seashells or even cement piers; they then live in these holes which they line with their secreted tubes.


title: Phoronida

text: They feed using a lophophore, a ciliated structure that surrounds the mouth. Together with the Bryozoa and Brachiopoda, the phoronids belong to the lophophorates, sometimes treated as a single phylum.


title: Phoronida

text: The digestive tract of Phoronids consists of a short oesophagus which leads into a spherical stomach and then into the intestines which end in the anus. Phoronids have a simple blood system of one descending artery and ascending vein linked by a network of fine capillaries. There are also blood vessels into each of the tentacles. The blood is colourless but contains corpuscles with a haemoglobin-like pigment that helps to carry oxygen.


title: Phoronida

text: The nervous system is mainly composed by the nervous ganglion between mouth and anus, a ring nerve at the basis of the lophophore, one or two giant nerve fibres which issue from the ganglion and extend along the body wall. There are two tubular excretory organs, which discharge to the exterior via nephridiopores, on the anal papilla.


title: Phoronida

text: Phoronids may be hermaphrodites or single sexed, and may also reproduce asexually. Gametes are released through the nephridia. Fertilisation is probably internal. Phoronids follow one of two types of reproductive strategy. Some species, such as "Phoronis ovalis", lay only a few (12–25) large eggs which have a lot of yolk. These eggs are brooded within the adult's tube, they are released only when they have hatched. The second strategy is to lay a much larger number (up to 500) of smaller eggs. These eggs are released as soon as they are fertilised. They hatch a few days later into what is called an 'actinotrocha' larvae. The larvae undergo a planktonic development for 2–3 weeks, and settle after about 20 days. Metamorphosis is 'catastrophic', occurring in less than 30 minutes and leading to a slender young phoronid.


title: Phoronida

text: Phoronids can regenerate the lophophore if it becomes damaged, in fact "Phoronis ovalis" voluntarily loses its lophophore in order to lay its eggs. Once the eggs are laid the animal grows a new lophophore.


title: Phoronida

text: Phoronids are suspension-feeders. They move their lophophores into the prevailing water current. Food particles in the water current are trapped in a stream of mucous that travels along the tentacles until it reaches the oral ring. There it is drawn into the mouth and then on into the digestive tract. Direct uptake of amino acids through the epidermis also occurs.


title: Phoronida

text: The fossil record of phoronids is poor. There are borings dating back to the Devonian which have been attributed to phoronids. "Iotuba chengjiangensis", a form known from only three specimens in the Lower Cambrian, has been interpreted as a phoronid because it appears to have had a U-shaped gut and was tentaculated. Phoronids may be related to the common but mysterious tubular fossils known as hederellids.


title: Nelly

text: Cornell Iral Haynes Jr. (born November 2, 1974) is an American rapper, singer, and entrepreneur better known by his stage name Nelly. He won three Grammy Awards in 2003 and nine Billboard Music Awards. Nelly's first five studio albums all reached the top three of the Billboard 200.


title: Sequel

text: A sequel is a story, book, play, video game, or movie that comes or takes place after another story, book, play, video game, or movie. The opposite is called a prequel. If it is both a sequel to one and a prequel to another, it is a midquel. When there are many sequels, this is called a series.


title: Sequel

text: A sequel has important parts of the first story like characters and places. Audiences like sequels because they have more of the characters and places they like. Storytellers and publishers like sequels because they are popular and people buy them.


title: Sequel

text: Sequel names are often similar to the name of a first story or other stories in a series. They often have a second title or a number to show that they are alike or different from a first story or other stories in a series. Sometimes sequels have different names in different countries because they mean different things to different audiences.


title: Chandragupta II

text: Chandragupta II, also known as Chandragupta Vikramaditya, was a Raja Gupta of the Magadha kingdom (reigned 380-415 CE ).He was the son of Samudragupta and Datta Devi.


title: Chandragupta II

text: Upon the death of their father, king Samudragupta in the year 375, it seems that his eldest son ,Ram Gupta ,succeeded him. Chandragupta II ascended the throne later in 380 . He was a great conqueror and a diplomat. He married his daughter, Prabhavati Gupta to the king Rudrasena II (reigned 385-390 ), whose untimely death allowed Gupta to strengthen their grip on the Deccan region.


title: Chandragupta II

text: With its alliance with Vakataka, he destroyed the Saka kingdoms (Scythian) of Malwa, Gujarat and Kâthiâwar in 388, and transferred his capital from Patna to Ujjain (Ujjayini). The annexation of the western provinces Gupta gave control over trade with Europe and Egypt. Wearing Barkachha (Greek Barygaza), at the mouth of Narmada, also fell to Gupta.


title: Chandragupta II

text: Chandragupta brought the empire to its territorial and cultural peak. He surrounded himself with a circle of poets of Sanskrit phrase nicknamed the "nine gems" or "Navaratna" , the most famous of whom was Kalidasa.These are the nine gems:


title: Chandragupta II

text: He was succeeded by his son Kumaragupta I in 415 CE.In his reign,the number shoonya (zero) was invented by Aryabhatta.


title: Venturi effect

text: The Venturi effect is a case where fluid flows through a tube that is narrow. The velocity of the fluid increases as it flows through the narrower tube while the pressure decreases, due to conservation of energy. The effect is an example of Bernoulli's principle.


title: Venturi effect

text: With the B.E. a simple flow of either A. Fluids, or B. Air, will cause pressure. Within an amount of time, this will cause a decrease in pressure and have the potential of creating energy.


title: Andrew Cunanan

text: Andrew Phillip Cunanan (August 31, 1969 – July 23, 1997) was an American serial killer and gold digger. He murdered five people, including Italian fashion designer Gianni Versace and Chicago real estate developer Lee Miglin, during a three-month period from April to July 1997. He was a gay prostitute.


title: Andrew Cunanan

text: Cunanan was born in National City, California. He lived in San Diego, California. He had antisocial personality disorder. Cunanan studied, but dropped out shortly afterwards from the University of California, San Diego.


title: Andrew Cunanan

text: Cunanan's serial killings began in Minneapolis on April 27, 1997, with the murder of his close friend 28-year-old Jeffrey Trail. He later murdered his ex-boyfriend David Madson by shooting him in the back near Rush City, Minnesota. On May 4, 1997, he drove to Chicago where he killed real estate developer Lee Miglin at his Gold Coast home by stabbing him multiple times. Five days later, Cunanan shot and killed 45-year-old cemetery caretaker William Reese and stole his red pickup truck.


title: Andrew Cunanan

text: On July 15, Cunanan murdered Italian fashion designer Gianni Versace, shooting him twice on the front stairway of his Miami Beach mansion, Casa Casuarina. A witness pursued Cunanan but was unable to catch him.


title: Andrew Cunanan

text: On July 23, 1997, eight days after killing Versace, Cunanan killed himself with a gunshot through the mouth while living in a boat as police officials were close to arresting him. He was 27 years old.


title: Andrew Cunanan

text: Cunanan was played by Darren Criss in "", which premiered on January 17, 2018. Criss won an Emmy Award for "Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie" and a Golden Globe Award for "Best Actor – Miniseries, or Television Film" for his portrayal.


title: Set Fire to the Rain

text: "Set Fire to the Rain" is the second hit song from Adele's second album "21". It was her third number-one single in the United States. It hit #1 on "Billboard" Hot 100, becoming her third song to do so. It reached number 12 on the year-end chart of 2012 in the US. It has also been certified quadruple-Platinum for shipments of over four million copies in the US.


title: Set Fire to the Rain

text: No proper music video was shot for "Set Fire to the Rain" (as well as other singles from "21", "Rumor Has It" and "Turning Tables") as Adele had recently undergone vocal surgery. Instead, a live performance video was uploaded to her Vevo account and has received more than 380 million views as of October 2017.


title: Brookings Institution

text: The Brookings Institution is an American think tank based in Washington, D.C. in the United States. One of Washington's oldest think tanks, Brookings conducts research and education in the social sciences, mainly in economics, policy, government, foreign policy, and global economy and development. In the University of Pennsylvania’s "2012 Global go-to think tanks report", Brookings is ranked the most influential think tank in the world.


title: Brookings Institution

text: Brookings states that its scholars "represent diverse points of view" and describes itself as non-partisan. The media describe Brookings as "liberal-centrist" or "centrist". An analysis of Congressional records from 1993 to 2002 found that Brookings was referenced by conservative politicians almost as often as liberal politicians. It got a score of 53 on a 1-100 scale with 100 the most liberal score. The same study found Brookings to be the most frequently cited think tank by the U.S. media and politicians.


title: Norman Lear

text: Norman Milton Lear (born July 27, 1922) is an American television writer and producer. He produced 1970s sitcoms including "All in the Family", "Sanford and Son", "One Day at a Time", "The Jeffersons", "Good Times", and "Maude".


title: Norman Lear

text: Lear was born on July 27, 1922 in New Haven, Connecticut to a Jewish family. He studied at Emerson College. Lear was married to Charlotte Rosen until they divorced. Then he was married to Frances Loeb from 1956 until they divorced in 1986. He has been married to Lyn Davis since 1987.


title: Cross-cultural psychology

text: Cross-cultural psychology is the study of the difference cultures can have on psychology. The environment, societal customs and changes in the overall structure of different countries may affect the psychology of individuals distinctly. It has relations in anthropology and sociological psychology.


title: Jemima Goldsmith

text: Jemima Marcelle Khan (née Goldsmith, born 30 January 1974) is a British TV, movie and documentary producer and founder of Instinct Productions, a television production company. She was also a journalist, and an editor of The New Statesman, a British political and cultural magazine. Goldsmith married Pakistani cricketer and politician Imran Khan in 1995, and had two sons. The couple divorced in 2004, although they still consider each other as good friends.


title: Sabbath in Christianity

text: Sabbath in Christianity is the day of rest and service to God. The idea of the Sabbath in Christianity comes directly from the idea


title: Sabbath in Christianity

text: of the Sabbath (or Shabbat) in Judaism. In fact, the word Sabbath itself comes from the Hebrew word "Shabbat." Like the Jewish Sabbath (Shabbat), the Sabbath in Christianity comes from the Genesis story of Creation. But unlike Jews, most Christians have Sabbath on Sunday, not Saturday. They also rest, but not the same way as Jews. The exact way depends on the church denomination.


title: Sabbath in Christianity

text: Most Christians honor the Sabbath on Sunday to remember the Resurrection of Jesus on the first day of the week on the Jewish calendar. They say that there is an analogy between the obligation of the Christian day of worship and the Sabbath-day ordinance. These two rules are not literally identical though. They say that this ordinance is no longer valid, because God has replaced his old creation by a new one. For this reason, the obligation to keep the Sabbath is not the same for Christians as for Jews. They say there are examples in the New Testament, and in other writings surviving from the first few centuries.


title: Sabbath in Christianity

text: Some conservative Christians are "Sabbatarians". Most of these follow the Reformed traditions. Sabbatarians think the first day of the week or "Lord's Day" is the new Sabbath. This is because the 4th commandment has never been revoked and Sabbath-keeping is in any case a creation ordinance.


title: Sabbath in Christianity

text: Still others believe that the Sabbath remains as a day of rest on the Saturday, reserving Sunday as a day of worship. In reference to Acts 20:7, the disciples came together on the first day of the week (Sunday) to break bread and to hear the preaching of the apostle Paul. This is not the first time Christians assembled together on a Sunday; Jesus appeared to the Christians on the "first day of the week" while they were in hiding. One can maintain this argument in that Jesus himself maintained the Sabbath, although not within the restrictions that were mandated by Jewish traditions; the Pharisees often tried Jesus by asking him if certain tasks were acceptable according to the Law. This would seem to show that while the Sabbath was still of importance to the Jews, Sunday was a separate day for worship and teaching from Scriptures.


title: Sabbath in Christianity

text: The Seventh-day Adventists and other churches disagree with some of these views. They argue that the custom of meeting for worship on Sunday originated in paganism, specifically Sol Invictus and Mithraism (in which sun god worship took place on Sunday). This is therefore an explicit rejection of the commandment to keep the "seventh" day holy. Instead, they keep Saturday as the Sabbath as a memorial to God's work of creation believing that none of the Ten Commandments can ever be destroyed. Seventh-day Sabbatarians claim that the seventh day Sabbath was kept by the majority of Christian groups until the 2nd and 3rd century, by most until the 4th and 5th century, and a few thereafter, but because of opposition to Judaism after the Jewish-Roman wars, the original custom was gradually replaced by Sunday as the day of worship. The history of these changes is certainly not altogether lost regardless of any belief in a suppression of the facts by a conspiracy of the pagans of the Roman Empire and the clergy of the Catholic Church.


title: Sabbath in Christianity

text: Jews had come to be hated in the Roman Empire after the Jewish-Roman wars. This led to the criminalization of the Jewish Sabbath. Hatred of Jews is apparent in the Council of Laodicea (4th Century AD) where Canon 37–38 states: "It is not lawful to receive portions sent from the feasts of Jews or heretics, nor to feast together with them." and "It is not lawful to receive unleavened bread from the Jews, nor to be partakers of their impiety." In keeping with this rejection of the Jews, this Roman council also criminalized the Jewish Sabbath as can be seen in Canon 29 of the Council Laodicea: "Christians must not Judaize by resting on the Sabbath, but must work on that day, rather honoring the Lord's Day; and, if they can, resting then as Christians. But if any shall be found to be judaizers, let them be excommunicated from Christ."


title: Blood atonement

text: Blood atonement was once a teaching of the Mormon Church. Brigham Young first preached about blood atonement in the 1850s, though Joseph Smith may have thought of it first.


title: Blood atonement

text: Blood atonement taught that murder is so bad that the only way the murderer could pay for their sins was to be killed. This was sometimes called "blood-for-blood" punishment because it was used to punish murder. However, sometimes it was also used for non-violent crimes, like denying or leaving the church or marrying someone of a different race.


title: Blood atonement

text: The idea of blood atonement led to firing squads being allowed in Utah for many years. It also may have led to the , where Mormons killed some emigrants from Arkansas.


title: Homeless Bird

text: Homeless Bird is a book by Gloria Whelan, an American author, about life in India for a 13-year-old girl named Koly. Like many Indian girls her age, Koly becomes a teenage bride in an "arranged marriage." Her husband soon dies and Koly becomes a widow, living with her late husband's parents. When this situation doesn't last, Koly has to find a way to make her future.


title: Homeless Bird

text: This book won the National Book Award in 2000 in the category of Young People's Literature. It has been translated into German, Spanish, and Polish.


title: Homeless Bird

text: Koly is a 13 year-old girl who lives in Vrindavan India with her parents and two brothers. Based on Indian tradition, her family has made an arranged marriage for her. Her husband is a sickly, young boy named Hari. Once they are married, Koly must go to live with his family. But soon Koly finds out that Hari has tuberculosis and he will die very soon. Hari's parents had decided to take Hari to the Ganges River and Koly comes along too. While going to the city of the Ganges River, Hari dies. When Hari dies, Koly becomes a widow. Koly's sassur (father- in-law) is a kind man who teaches students. He teaches Koly to read and shows her a book of poems signed by the author Tagore. Koly's sass (mother-in-law) is not a nice woman. She treats Koly as just another mouth to feed.


title: Homeless Bird

text: Hari's sister Chandra is soon married. Koly is sad because Chandra was her friend and now she is leaving. Soon Koly's sassur dies and now both Koly and her sass are widows.


title: Homeless Bird

text: Sass and Koly are very poor. One day Sass gets a letter from her brother inviting them to live with him in Delhi. They make a stop in Vrindavan to pray at a temple. They take a rickshaw to the temple. Sass gives Koly money to buy lunch. Koly goes to buy the food but when she goes back to the temple her sass is not there. She looks around and cannot find her. Finally she sees the rickshaw driver. He tells her that her sass left on a train hours ago.


title: Homeless Bird

text: Koly cries because her sass has left her. The rickshaw driver says to go to the temple and pray so the monks will give her food. Koly is very unhappy and scared. She sees the rickshaw driver again and he offers to bring her to a house for widows. At the home Koly meets a nice widow named Tanu. Together they find jobs making marigold garlands and beaded bracelets. However, Koly's talent is embroidery. She finally gets a job embroidering. Her new boss' name is Mr. Das.


title: Homeless Bird

text: Koly also teaches the rickshaw driver, Raji, how to read. Raji owns a farm and drives rickshaws for money. They talk and become friends. However he leaves to fix his farm.


title: Homeless Bird

text: At her new job, Koly makes friends with a girl named Mala. Mala is good at embroidery but very outspoken. Mala also steals expensive cloth and thread from Mr. Das. This later causes Mala to lose her job.


title: Homeless Bird

text: Raji comes back and tells Koly that he is fixing up his farm and building a home. He wants Koly to come to his farm with him. She is confused until Raji says he wants her as his wife. Koly is surprised that Raji wants to marry her because she is a widow, and in her society it is shameful to be a widow. However Raji wants to marry Koly because he does not care about appearance and only wants someone he can talk to. Koly is still unsure but agrees to think about it.


title: Homeless Bird

text: Tanu and Koly finally have enough money to buy a room for more widows to live in. Koly decorates the room with embroidered quilts.


title: Homeless Bird

text: In the summer Raji writes that he has built a room for her work on her embroidery. Koly is happy and agrees to marry him. She works on a wedding quilt and says they will marry when she is done embroidering it. She keeps her job, and agrees to take her work to Mr. Das every couple of weeks.


title: Western gorilla

text: The western gorilla ("Gorilla gorilla") is a great ape, closely related to both chimpanzees, orangutans and humans. They are the type species as well as the most populous species of the genus "Gorilla". Nearly all of the individuals of this taxon belong to the western lowland gorilla subspecies. The other subspecies are the Cross River gorilla.


title: Western gorilla

text: Western gorillas are generally lighter colored than eastern gorillas. Western lowland gorillas have black, dark grey or dark brown-grey hair with a brownish forehead. Measurements of wild individuals show that mature males average in height.


title: Alice Springs

text: Alice Springs is a city in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is 200 km south of the centre of mainland Australia. It is about halfway between Darwin in the north and Adelaide in the south.


title: Alice Springs

text: In 2005 there were 26,486 people living in Alice Springs. This makes it the second largest town in the Northern Territory.


title: Alice Springs

text: Alice Springs is often called "the Alice" or simply "Alice.” It is called "Mparntwe" by the Arrernte. The Arrernte people are the Aboriginal people who have lived around Alice Springs for more than 50,000 years.


title: Alice Springs

text: According to the Arrernte traditional stories, the land around Alice Springs was shaped by caterpillars, wild dogs, travelling boys, two sisters, euros and other ancestral figures. There are many sites of traditional importance in and around Alice Springs. These include Anthwerrke (Emily Gap), Akeyulerre (Billy Goat Hill), Ntaripe (Heavitree Gap), Atnelkentyarliweke (Anzac Hill) and Alhekulyele (Mt. Gillen).


title: Alice Springs

text: In 1862, John McDouall Stuart led an expedition into Central Australia and the area where Alice Springs is located. Until the 1930s the town was known as Stuart. The Australian Overland Telegraph Line that joined Adelaide to Darwin and Great Britain was completed in 1872. It followed Stuart’s route. It opened up the interior for permanent European settlement. When surface alluvial gold was found at Arltunga, 100 km east of Alice Springs, in 1887 many people began to move into the area.


title: Alice Springs

text: The telegraph station was built near a waterhole in the normally dry Todd River. It was thought to be a permanent source of water, and was named Alice Springs. Alice was the wife of the former Postmaster General of South Australia, Sir Charles Todd. The Todd River was named after Sir Charles.


title: Alice Springs

text: The original method of travel in the outback were camels. These camel trains were run by people from Pathan tribes in the North-West frontier of India and Pakistan. They were wrongly called ‘Afghans’ in Australia.


title: Alice Springs

text: In 1929 the Palmerston and Pine Creek Railway was built from Darwin as far as Birdum, Northern Territory. The Great Northern Railway had been built in 1891 from Port Augusta as far as Oodnadatta, South Australia. The lines wouldn’t meet until 2003. On February 4, 2004, the first passenger train arrived in Darwin.


title: Alice Springs

text: During the 1960s Alice Springs became an important defence base. About 700 people work at the US/Australian Pine Gap joint defence satellite monitoring base.


title: Alice Springs

text: The town of Alice Springs built on the banks of the usually dry Todd River. It is on the northern side of MacDonnell Ranges. The region where Alice Springs is located is known as Central Australia, or the Red Centre. It is a very dry region, made up of several different deserts.


title: Alice Springs

text: Temperatures can vary by up to 28 °C. In summer the average highest temperature is in the high 30s. In winter the average lowest temperature can be -7.5 °C.


title: Alice Springs

text: The rainfall can vary quite a lot from year to year. The annual average rainfall is 286 mm. In 2001 741 mm fell, but in 2002 only 198 mm fell.


title: Alice Springs

text: Alice Springs began as a town to supply the cattle farms that first came to the area. The arrival of the railway increased its economy and productivity. Today the town supplies a region of 546,046 square kilometres. There are 38,749 people living in the region. The region includes a number of mining and farm communities, the Joint Defence Facility at Pine Gap and tourist attractions.


title: Alice Springs

text: In June 2004, 38,749 people lived in the region. There were 26,058 people living in the city of Alice Springs. Aboriginal people made up about 37% of people in the Alice Springs region in 2001.


title: Alice Springs

text: According to the 2001 census, Australian Aborigines are about 17% of the people in Alice Springs, and 29% of the people in the Northern Territory. Alice Springs is the business centre of Central Australia. Aboriginal people come from all over the region to use the town's services. Aboriginal residents usually live in the suburbs, on special purpose leases (or town camps). Some live farther out at Amoonguna to the south. Many live on the small family outstation communities on Aboriginal Lands in surrounding areas.


title: Alice Springs

text: The traditional owners of the Alice Springs area are the Central Arrernte people. As it is the largest town in central Australia, there are also speakers of at least thirteen other languages.


title: Alice Springs

text: The American influence in Alice Springs comes from Pine Gap, a US satellite tracking station. It is 19 km south-west of Alice Springs. Pine Gap employs 700 American and Australians. There are about 2,000 people in the Alice Springs region who are US citizens.


title: Alice Springs

text: American influence can be seen throughout Alice Springs. The Americans still celebrate all major festivals, including Halloween, Independence Day and Thanksgiving. A number of Australians also join in the festivities from time to time. There is also American sport, including baseball, basketball, and American football.


title: Alice Springs

text: Alice Springs has 19 public and private schools and colleges. This includes 2 for aboriginal students, 7 pre-schools and the Alice Springs School of the Air. The School of the Air provides education to students in remote areas. The Alice Springs Campus of Charles Darwin University offers courses in TAFE and Higher Education. The Centre for Appropriate Technology was established in 1980. It has a range of services to encourage and help Aboriginal people improve their quality of life on remote communities.


title: Alice Springs

text: Australian Rules Football is a popular sport in Alice Springs. The Central Australian Football League has several teams and many people play. The sport is very popular in Indigenous communities. The local stadium, Traeger Park, can hold 10,000 people. It was built to hold national AFL and international cricket matches. In 2004, an AFL pre-season Regional Challenge match between Collingwood Football Club and Port Adelaide Football Club filled the stadium.


title: Alice Springs

text: Cricket is also a popular sport in Alice Springs. The Imparja Cup Cricket Carnival started in 1994. Teams from Indigenous communities come from all across Australia. A unique sporting event, held every year, is the Henley-on-Todd Regatta. This is also known as the Todd River Race. It is a sand river race with bottomless boats. It is the only dry river regatta in the world. Another unusual sporting event is the Camel Cup. This is also held every year at the local racetrack, Blatherskite Park. It is a full day event with races using camels instead of horses.


title: Britt Herbots

text: Britt Herbots (born 24 September 1999) is a Belgian volleyball player. She was a member of the Belgium women's national volleyball team.


title: Britt Herbots

text: She played at the 2015 Girls' Youth European Volleyball Championship, 2015 FIVB Volleyball Girls' U18 World Championship, 2016 Montreux Volley Masters, 2016 FIVB World Grand Prix, 2017 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix, 2017 Women's European Volleyball Championship, 2018 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League, 2017–18 CEV Women's Champions League, 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League, and 2019 Women's European Volleyball Championship.


William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, KG, PC (bapt. 1 June 1720 - 2 October 1764) was a British Whig statesman who was Prime Minister of Great Britain for a short period of time.


title: Austin Butler

text: Austin Butler (born August 17, 1991) is an American actor. His early roles were as "Jake Krandle" in the TV series "iCarly" and as "James Garrett" in "Zoey 101". He became well known in 2022 for playing Elvis Presley in "Elvis".


title: Austin Butler

text: Butler was in a relationship with actress Vanessa Hudgens from 2011 to 2020. He is currently dating model Kaia Gerber since late 2021.


title: Austin Butler

text: His first acting job was in a supporting role in the TV Series "Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide". His older sister also plays in that TV series. From 2007 to 2008 he played in the 4th season of "Zoey 101" as James Garrett. Other television appearance were "Hannah Montana", "iCarly", "Jonas L.A.", "Zeke and Luther" and "Wizards of Waverly Place". In 2009, he was in the TV series "Ruby & the Rockits" as Jordan Gallagher. This series was unsuccessful and ended after 10 episodes.


title: Austin Butler

text: Later, he played with Ashley Tisdale in the film "Aliens in the Attic" and in "Sharpay's Fabulous Adventure". Since 2011, he has been in the ABC-Family-Series "Switched at Birth".


title: Austin Butler

text: In July 2019, he appeared in the Quentin Tarantino movie "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood" as a fictional version of Manson Family member Tex Watson. That same month, Butler was cast as Elvis Presley in "Elvis", a biographical movie about the singer directed by Baz Luhrmann.


title: Downtown

text: Downtown (called a city centre in British English) is a word used in North America which refers to the main part of a city. It is usually the central business district where most commercial and office areas are; many of them being in skyscrapers. Tourism also concentrates there.


title: Fauvism

text: Fauvism (French for "The Wild Beasts") was the name of a modern art movement in the early 20th century, led by the painters Henri Matisse and André Derain. The Fauves were a group of French painters who were influenced by the bright colours used by the Post-Impressionists Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin.


title: Fauvism

text: The bright colourful style of painting that they used began around 1900 and continued beyond 1910, but the group was only together for three years, 1905–1907. In that time they had three exhibitions together. Their influence has continued until the present day, and was adopted or influenced many artists who are not usually thought of as fauvists. Aristarkh Lentulov is one good example.


title: The Prince

text: The Prince is a book written by Niccolò Machiavelli, who lived in the city of Florence in the country of Italy. The book was published in 1513.


title: The Prince

text: The book talks about politics and government. During his life, Machiavelli saw many changes in the government of Florence. He thought a lot about what a king or prince should do to make a strong government. In the book, he said the ruler had to get a lot of power.


title: The Prince

text: One of the things he said that made people worried, was that ethics and politics are different. A person might have to do things that are "wrong" to get power. This thought made his works scandalous.


title: The Prince

text: Some people think that Machiavelli was being honest with his advice and saying what he really thought. Other people think that Machiavelli was playing a joke on princes who wanted too much power and did not care about what was right.


title: Marco Pantani

text: Marco Pantani (13 January 1970 – 14 February 2004) was an Italian professional cyclist. He was born in Cesena, Emilia-Romagna. He was very good at climbing mountains in races. In 1998 he won both the Tour de France and the Giro d'Italia. He was a popular cyclist, and his Italian fans gave him the nickname 'Il Pirata' (the pirate) because of his appearance (he often wore a bandana) and because of his aggressive riding style. He failed a test in the 1999 Giro d'Italia. He returned to cycling, but never won a major race again. In June of 2003 he went into hospital with depression. He died of a cocaine overdose in 2004 in Rimini, Emilia-Romagna. His last entry in his diary read:


title: Channel 4

text: Channel 4 is a television channel that broadcasts to the United Kingdom. It started on 2 November 1982. On 10 December 2010 Channel 4 started a High Definition version of their channel on Sky+ HD.


title: White Americans

text: In 2010, 70% of the people living in the United States identified as being white or White Hispanics. Non-Hispanic whites accounted for about 60% of the U.S. population.


title: White Americans

text: The White American population includes European Americans and non-European people such as Arabs, North Africans, Jews, Persians, other Middle Eastern people and Hispanic groups such as Mexicans and Cubans.


title: White Americans

text: The white population in the United States has been declining. White deaths have exceed white births in most states.


title: Sony Yay

text: Sony YAY! is an Indian pay television channel aimed at children. It is operated by Sony Pictures Networks. The channel replaced Animax in 2017.


title: Sony Yay

text: The channel was launched on 18 April 2017 replacing Animax. Following the rebrand, Sony Pictures Networks announced their plans to migrate all anime programming featured in Animax as paid content to its digital platform Sony LIV. In addition, the company has also stated Animax Asia was launched as a live, HD channel via streaming on that same platform.


title: Galba

text: Servius Sulpicius Galba (; ; 24 December 3 BC – 15 January 69 AD) was a Roman Emperor for seven months from AD 68 to 69. Galba was an governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, which was the province near the Pyrenees. He was the first emperor of Year of the Four Emperors.


title: Galba

text: He was born near Terracina, "On the left as you travel towards Fundi" in the words of Suetonius. Galba was adopted by Livia Ocellina and took her family name until becoming emperor.


title: Looney Tunes

text: Looney Tunes is an animated cartoon series produced by Warner Bros. It was Warner Bros.' first animated cartoon series, preceding the "Merrie Melodies" series. The name of the series is a variation on "Silly Symphonies", the name of Walt Disney's concurrent series of music-based cartoon shorts. From 1942 until 1969, "Looney Tunes" was the most popular series of cartoon shorts in theaters, even more popular than any Disney films.


title: Looney Tunes

text: The first "Looney Tunes" cartoon short, "Sinkin' in the Bathtub", was released in 1930. Since then, the series has become a worldwide franchise. It has been shown on television from the 1960s until the present day. When shown on television, it is changed to get rid of heavy violence, smoking, alcohol, and racist stereotypes, but those parts were put back in on home video releases, but with a warning that the cartoons were made in a different time. There have been several TV series, full-length films, comic books, music albums, video games, and amusement park rides based on these shorts.


title: Looney Tunes

text: The "Looney Tunes" originally showcased Warner-owned musical compositions through the adventures of cartoon characters such as Bosko and Buddy. Later "Looney Tunes" shorts featured characters who have gone on to become some of the most well-known and popular cartoon characters in history, such as Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Elmer Fudd, Sylvester the Cat, Tweety Bird, Marvin the Martian, the Tasmanian Devil, Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner, Foghorn Leghorn, Yosemite Sam, Pepé Le Pew, Speedy Gonzales, and many others. Many of the characters have made cameo appearances in television shows, films and advertisements.


title: State funeral

text: A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony which is made for people who died that were very important in their country. Usually with a state funeral, there also comes a day where everyone mourns the person who died.


title: State funeral

text: Often, state funerals are given to royal or political people such as Presidents, Prime Ministers, Dictators, Governors, Mayors, Senators, or Vice Presidents. Military people and people who are famous for other reasons sometimes have a state funeral.


title: Names of God in Judaism

text: In Judaism, God is known by many names. The most important of these names is the "Tetragrammaton", or "Four-lettered word": YHVH, YHWH, or י ה ו ה. Jews are not allowed to say this name, and instead say "Adonai". Even "Adonai" is only used by some Jews in prayer. Most Jews would refer to God as "Hashem", or "The Name". Jews are not allowed to erase the Tetragrammaton, so they rarely write it down outside of their most holy books, such as the Torah.


title: Names of God in Judaism

text: Other names include "Elohim", "El", "Shaddai", "Tzeva-ot", "‘Elyon", and "Ehyeh-Asher-Ehyeh" which are respectively pronounced by observant Jews as Elokim, Kayl, Shakkai, Tzeva-Kot.


title: Names of God in Judaism

text: Certain names, such as Shalom, are pronounced as written, but when written one letter, in this case the last letter, is omitted. The last of the above "other" list is often said as Ek-yeh Asher Ek-yeh.


title: Santa Claus (politician)

text: Santa Claus (born Thomas Patrick O'Connor; May 1947) is an American politician, monk, and child welfare activist. He is a member of the North Pole, Alaska City Council since 2015. Claus was re-elected to the council in 2019, with 100 votes. He is currently the mayor pro tem. He was a candidate for the United States House of Representatives in the 2022 special election.


title: Santa Claus (politician)

text: He changed his name to match the legendary character in 2005, to help bring awareness for his activism about children's health and welfare. Claus is a supporter of democratic socialism, including support for medicare-for-all, coronavirus relief, a wealth tax, and student loan cancellation.


title: Santa Claus (politician)

text: Claus supported Joe Biden's presidential campaign in the 2020 election after Bernie Sanders dropped out of the Democratic primary.


title: Santa Claus (politician)

text: Claus is a supporter of medical marijuana. He says that his views are smiliar to that of Bernie Sanders, sharing the same views as Sanders on racial justice, corporate taxes, and election freedoms.


title: Santa Claus (politician)

text: In April 2022, Claus announced his candidacy for the United States House of Representatives in the 2022 special election. He wanted to finish the rest of Congressman Don Young's term, but after having a lot of support, he said he would run for a full two year term in November 2022. Claus was among 48 candidates running in the non-partisan June primary, including former Alaskan Governor Sarah Palin. However, he lost in the June primary and did not advance to the run-off primary.


title: Moment magnitude scale

text: The moment magnitude scale is a way to measure the power of earthquakes. It is the energy of the earthquake at the moment it happens. Like the similar and older Richter scale, it is logarithmic, with a base of ten. This means that an earthquake with a magnitude of 2 is ten times stronger than an earthquake with a magnitude of 1.


title: Edi Rama

text: Edvin "Edi" Rama (born 4 July 1964) is an Albanian politician, artist and writer. He is also the Prime Minister of Albania since 2013, and the leader of the Socialist Party of Albania since 2005. He was the Minister of Culture, Youth, and Sports from 1998 to 2000 and Mayor of Tirana from 2000 to 2011.


title: Judy Sheindlin

text: Judith Susan Sheindlin (née Blum; October 21, 1942), better known as Judge Judy, is an American lawyer, judge, television personality, and author. Since 1996, Sheindlin has presided over her own successful Daytime Emmy Award winning reality courtroom series named after her, "Judge Judy".


title: Platonic solid

text: There are a lot more uses for Platonic Solids, but some of the main reasons are:the shapes are often used to make dice, because dice of these shapes can be made fair. 6-sided dice are very common, but the other numbers are commonly used in role-playing games. Such dice are commonly referred to as D followed by the number of faces (d8, d20 etc.).


title: Platonic solid

text: The tetrahedron (4 sided), cube (6 sided), and octahedron (8 sided), are found naturally in crystal structures. The dodecahedron (12 sides) is combinatorially identical to the pyritohedron (in that both have twelve pentagonal faces), which is one of the possible crystal structures of pyrite. However, the pyritohedron is not a regular dodecahedron, but rather has the same symmetry as the cube.


title: Platonic solid

text: In meteorology and climatology, global numerical models of atmospheric flow are of increasing interest which use grids that are based on an icosahedron (20 sides,refined by triangulation) instead of the more commonly used longitude/latitude grid. This has the advantage of better spatial resolution without singularities (i.e. the poles) at the expense of somewhat greater numerical difficulty.


title: Dexter's Laboratory

text: Dexter's Laboratory (commonly abbreviated as Dexter's Lab) is an American science fiction animated television series. It was created by Genndy Tartakovsky for the Cartoon Network. The series was broadcast from 1996 to 2003. It was about a red-haired boy named Dexter who had a secret laboratory filled with large number of his inventions. His inventions are normally destroyed by his older sister, Dee Dee. This causes Dexter to have to recreate his inventions. The series was followed by a Spin-off and related media. There has also been a television movie, "Dexter's Lab Movie in Ego Trip" (1999).


title: Dexter's Laboratory

text: The series was one of Cartoon Network president Betty Cohen's favorite animated programs. In an August 2002 "Billboard" interview, rapper Coolio said that he is a fan of the series. He states, "I watch a lot of cartoons because I have kids. I actually watch more cartoons than movies."


title: Dexter's Laboratory

text: The series was called "Almost Dexter's Laboratory" reboot of the 1996 series, and developed by Nico Colaleo, produced by Cartoon Network Studios and animated by Inspidea in Malaysia, planned in early 2020, during production and resolved in 2023 rewrote and foward to 2024, this parodic version of the original show as a straightfoward light-hearted nature of the original show, similar of the 2016 "The Powerpuff Girls."


title: Life skills

text: Life skills are abilities which help people to deal with the demands and challenges that they face in life.


title: Chorizo

text: Chorizo is a pork (pig-meat) sausage which people first made in the Iberian Peninsula. It is made with large pieces of fatty pork, chili pepper and paprika. The special taste of this sausage comes from the mild Spanish paprika in it.


title: Chorizo

text: In the western hemisphere, the Mexican and Caribbean types are better known. These types of chorizo are made with smaller pieces of pork and different seasonings and peppers are used.


title: Chorizo

text: Cured smoked chorizo is edible and can be eaten without cooking. Fresh chorizo must be cooked before eating. It can be eaten by its self, or as part of meal. It can also be used in place of ground beef or pork.


title: Pope Pius III

text: Pope Pius III (; 29 May 1439 – 18 October 1503), born Franchesco Todeschini and also known as Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 216th Pope from 22 September to 18 October 1503.


title: Pope Pius III

text: Francesco Todeschini was born in Siena. He was the nephew of Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, who would become Pope Pius II. He was allowed by uncle to take his mother's maiden name of Piccolomini. His studies in law at the University of Perugia led to a doctorate degree.


title: Pope Pius III

text: Todeschini was named Cardinal of St. Eustachio in 1460. He was sent on diplomatic missions by Pope Paul II, Pope Sixtus IV and Pope Alexander VI.


title: Pope Pius III

text: Cardinal Piccolomini was elected pope on September 22, 1503, His choice of name honors his uncle Pius II.


title: Vitamin B12

text: Vitamin B (or vitamin B-12) is also called cobalamin. It has a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of the eight B vitamins.


title: Vitamin B12

text: B is normally involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body, especially DNA synthesis and regulation, but also fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. Fungi, plants and animals (including humans) cannot produce vitamin B. Only bacteria and archaea have enzymes for its synthesis, although animals can convert it to the version they need.


title: Vitamin B12

text: Many foods are a natural source of B because of bacterial symbiosis. It is produced by some of the gut flora of herbivores. Carnivores, of course, eat herbivores. Also algae and plants get it from symbiosis. So, by one route or another, animals must get vitamin B from bacteria (and archaea).


title: Vitamin B12

text: The vitamin is the largest and most structurally complicated vitamin. It can be produced industrially only by bacterial fermentation-synthesis.


title: Vitamin B12

text: Vitamin B is a group of chemically related compounds, all of which have vitamin activity. It contains the biochemically rare element cobalt sitting in the center of a ring called a corrin ring. In the human body it is converted to the human physiological forms.


title: Vitamin B12

text: Vitamin B was discovered by its relationship to pernicious anemia, which is an autoimmune disease. Because an "intrinsic factor" is needed for B to be absorbed, its lack causes a vitamin B deficiency. Many other kinds of vitamin B deficiency have since been found.


title: Ashley Cole

text: Ashley Cole (born 20 December 1980) is a retired English football player who is currently the first-team coach for Everton. He is notable for playing for England 77 times.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are flashes of gamma rays from extremely energetic explosions. They have been seen in distant galaxies. They are the most luminous electromagnetic events known to occur in the universe.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: Bursts can last from milliseconds to several minutes, although a typical burst lasts a few seconds. The initial burst is usually followed by a longer-lived 'afterglow' emitted at longer wavelengths (X-ray, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared and radio waves).


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: Most GRBs are a narrow beam of intense radiation released during a supernova, as a huge rapidly spinning star collapses to form a black hole. A subclass of GRBs (the 'short' bursts) seem to come from a different process, perhaps the merger of binary neutron stars.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: The sources of most GRBs are billions of light years away from Earth. This suggests the explosions are extremely energetic: a typical burst releases as much energy in a few seconds as the Sun will in its entire 10 billion year lifetime. They are very rare (a few per galaxy per million years).


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: All observed GRBs have come from outside the Milky Way galaxy. Similar phenomena, soft gamma repeater flares, are associated with magnetars within the Milky Way. It has been suggested that a gamma-ray burst in the Milky Way could cause a mass extinction on Earth. No such case is known.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: Gamma-ray bursts were first observed in the late 1960s by the U.S. Vela satellites, which were built to detect gamma radiation pulses emitted by nuclear weapons tested in space.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: On July 2, 1967, at 14:19 UTC, the Vela 4 and Vela 3 satellites detected a flash of gamma radiation unlike any known nuclear weapons signature. Uncertain what had happened but not considering the matter particularly urgent, the team at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory filed the data away for investigation.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: By analyzing the different arrival times of the bursts as detected by different satellites, the team was able to determine rough estimates for the sky positions of sixteen bursts and definitively rule out a terrestrial or solar origin. The discovery was published in 1973.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: Most observed events last longer than two seconds and are classified as long gamma-ray bursts. They have been studied in much greater detail than their short counterparts. Almost every well-studied long gamma-ray burst has been associated with a rapidly star-forming galaxy and in many cases a core-collapse supernova as well. This links long GRBs with the deaths of massive stars. Long GRB afterglow observations at high redshift (great distances) also suggest GRBs originate in star-forming regions. This is because observing distant galaxies is to look back in time to galaxies at an earlier stage.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: Gamma-ray bursts are thought to be highly focused explosions, with most of the explosion energy in a narrow relativistic jet travelling at speeds over 99.995% of the speed of light.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: The approximate angular width of the jet (that is, the degree of beaming) can be estimated directly by observing "jet breaks" in afterglow light curves: a time after which the slowly-decaying afterglow begins to fade suddenly, as the jet slows down and can no longer beam its radiation so effectively. Observations suggest significant variation in the jet angle from between 2 and 20 degrees.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: Because their energy is strongly beamed (very narrow), the gamma rays emitted by most bursts miss the Earth and are never detected. When a gamma-ray burst is pointed towards Earth, the focusing of its energy along a relatively narrow beam causes the burst to appear much brighter than it would have been were its energy emitted spherically. When this effect is taken into account, typical gamma-ray bursts are observed to have a true energy release of about 10 J, or about 1/2000 of a Solar mass energy equivalent.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: This is comparable to the energy released in a bright type Ib/c supernova (sometimes called a 'hypernova'). Very bright supernovae have been seen at the position of some of the nearest GRBs.


title: Monte Carlo algorithm

text: A Monte Carlo algorithm is an algorithm for computers which is used to simulate the behaviour of other systems. It is not an exact method, but a heuristical one, typically using randomness and statistics to get a result. The algorithm terminates with an answer that is correct with probability formula_1.


title: Monte Carlo algorithm

text: It is a computation process that uses random numbers to produce an outcome(s). Instead of having fixed inputs, probability distributions are assigned to some or all of the inputs. This will generate a probability distribution for the output after the simulation is run.


title: Monte Carlo algorithm

text: For example, a Monte Carlo algorithm can be used to estimate the value of π. The amount of area within a quarter-circle of radius 1 depends on the value of π. The probability that a randomly-chosen point will lie in that quarter-circle depends on the area of the circle. If points are placed randomly in a square with sides of length 1, the percentage of points that fall within a quarter-circle of radius 1 will depend on the value of π. A Monte Carlo algorithm would randomly place points in the square and use the percentage of points falling inside of the circle to estimate the value of π.This is an effective way for making approximations.


title: Monte Carlo algorithm

text: In modern communication systems, the quality of information exchange is determined by the presence of noise in the channel. The major source of noise - Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) being random in nature can be characterized using the Monte Carlo algorithm in simulating a Communications System


title: Monte Carlo algorithm

text: The modern version of the Markov chain Monte Carlo method was invented in the late 1940s by Stanislaw Ulam, while he was working on nuclear weapons projects at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.


title: Range Rover

text: The Range Rover is an SUV based on the British Land Rover. It is assembled in Solihull, Birmingham at the Land Rover plant. Some versions are assembled in Liverpool. The company is now part of Tata's Jaguar Land Rover group.


title: Range Rover

text: The Range Rover's primary market was for general countryside use, especially farmers who needed a four-wheel drive off-road vehicle to get round their estate. The original Land Rover or Jeep was a rugged open vehicle which could take plenty of hard use, and could be washed down with a hose. It was quite unsuitable for family use. The Range Rover, on the other hand, is very suitable for family use (in this way similar to other SUVs). It is often used as a normal road car for larger families and for carrying equipment. Engine capacity for Range Rovers starts at 3 litres V6 engine, and rises to 5 litres V8 engine.


title: Range Rover

text: Versions of the Range Rover are sold in other countries under names such as Range Rover Sport, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Velar and Range Rover Evoque. These versions, marketed especially in the US, have a more streamlined shape. The Evoque is designed to appeal to urban buyers. All these new versions are being adapted meet modern requirements for lower CO emissions and fuel economy. These version are regarded, in US terms, as "compact SUVs".


title: Semitone

text: (British English) (also called a half step or a half tone) is the smallest musical interval used in Western music. It is the distance between two notes which are next to one another in pitch.


title: Semitone

text: A whole tone means a distance of two semitones, i.e. the distance between two notes which are separated by one other note in pitch.


title: Semitone

text: This is easy to see with a picture of a keyboard. The distance between two white notes that are side by side may be a whole tone (if there is a black note in between them) or a semitone (if there is no black note between).


title: Semitone

text: Musical intervals are defined by a ratio of frequencies. An octave is a ratio of 2:1, so from 100 Hz to 200 Hz, and from 200 Hz to 400 Hz, are both octaves. A semitone is a ratio of the 12th root of 2 to 1, which is equal to 1.05946:1, so 1000 Hz and 1059.46 Hz are a semitone apart. A musical interval sounds better if the two notes have a small integer ratio. For this reason, it can be approximated by a ratio of 16:15 in just intonation.


title: Soan River

text: The Soan River () is a river in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the most important stream of the Pothohar region. It drains much of the water of Pothohar. It also forms the northern border of Bannu District.


title: Soan River

text: The river starts near a small village Bun in the foothills of Patriata and Murree. It provides water to Simblee Dam, which is reservoir of water for Islamabad. Near Pharwala Fort it cuts through a high mountain range and that is a wonderful phenomenon of nature. The place is called Swan Cut. No stream can cut such a high mountain. It proves the Swaan was there before the formation of this range. And when the mountain rose through millions of years, the stream continued its path by cutting the rising mountain. Ling stream, following a relatively long course though Lehtrar and Kahuta falls in the Swaan near Sihala.


title: Soan River

text: Islamabad Highway crosses this stream near Sihala where famous bridge Cock Pull is constructed over it. Another famous, Lai stream joins this stream near Swaan Camp. After walking a tortuous path and creating a big curve, the stream reaches Kalabagh where it falls into the Indus river. This relatively small stream is more than 250 kilometers long. Due to its mountainous course and shallow bed, it is hardly used for irrigation purposes. For grinding wheat, you can find ancient types of flour mills near Chakian. Fishing is not possible in this stream as a profession. Rohu is the main species of fish in this stream. Kingfisher birds hunt here too.


title: Wilmington insurrection of 1898

text: The Wilmington insurrection of 1898, also known as the Wilmington massacre of 1898 or the Wilmington coup of 1898, happened in Wilmington, North Carolina, on Thursday, November 10, 1898.


title: Wilmington insurrection of 1898

text: It is seen as a turning point in post-Reconstruction North Carolina politics. It caused more intense racial segregation of African Americans throughout the South. It made it harder for African-Americans to vote.


title: Wilmington insurrection of 1898

text: The event was caused after many white supremacists took over the Wilmington city government which was controlled by both white and black men and killed the black alderman. After the event, no black politician was in charge in Wilmington.


title: Wilmington insurrection of 1898

text: It has been called a race riot caused by blacks by white newspapers at the time. However, over time, with more facts publicized, the event has come to be seen as a "coup d'état", the violent overthrow of a duly elected government, by a group of white supremacists. It is seen as the only coup in American history.


title: Wilmington insurrection of 1898

text: The "coup" happens with 2,000 white men. They destroyed the property and businesses of black citizens built up since the Civil War, including the only black newspaper in the city, and killed about 60 to more than 300 people.


title: Frankfort, Kentucky

text: Frankfort is the capital city of the U.S. state of Kentucky. It has been the state capital since December 8, 1792. It is the county seat of Franklin County, and has been since 1795. It's located between Lexington and Louisville Kentucky.


title: Frankfort, Kentucky

text: Frankfort is beside the Kentucky River. This is how the city earned its name, because the land was owned by pioneer Stephen Frank. First called "Frank's Ford", the name was soon shortened to Frankfort.


title: Frankfort, Kentucky

text: Within a century the population of Frankfort grew from 9,487 in 1900, to 27,741 in 2000. The members of the city commission and the mayor are elected by the citizens.


title: Stendhal

text: Henri-Marie Beyle (23 January 1783 – 23 March 1842) is better known by his pen name Stendhal. He was a 19th century French writer. He is known for his precise analysis of his characters' psychology. His two most famous novels are "Le Rouge et le Noir" ("The Red and the Black", 1830) and "La Chartreuse de Parme" ("The Charterhouse of Parma", 1839).


title: Poultry

text: Poultry are a from of domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails, and turkeys). The term also includes birds that are killed for their meat, such as the young of pigeons (known as squabs) but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game. The word "poultry" comes from the French/Norman word "poule", itself derived from the Latin word "pullus", which means small animal.


title: Vladimir Kramnik

text: Vladimir Kramnik, born 25 June 1975, is a Russian chess grandmaster. He was Classical World Chess Champion from 2000 to 2006, and undisputed World Chess Champion from 2006 to 2007.


title: Nick Nolte

text: Nicholas King Nolte (born February 8, 1941) is an American actor. He has acted in many movies, including the dramas "I'll Do Anything" and "Blue Chips". Nolte has won a Golden Globe Award.


title: Vladimir Kramnik

text: In October 2000, he defeated Garry Kasparov in a match played in London, and became the Classical World Chess Champion. In late 2004, Kramnik successfully defended his title against challenger Peter Leko in a drawn match played in Brissago, Switzerland.


title: Nick Nolte

text: Nolte was born in Omaha, Nebraska on February 8, 1941. Nolte was educated at the University of Arizona. Nolte was married three times; first to Sheila Page from 1966 until they divorced in 1970. Second he married Sharyn Haddad from 1978 until they divorced in 1983. Lastly he married Rebecca Linger from 1984 until they divorced in 1994.


title: Vladimir Kramnik

text: In October 2006, Kramnik, the Classical World Champion, defeated reigning FIDE World Champion Veselin Topalov in a unification match. As a result, Kramnik became the first undisputed World Champion, since Garry Kasparov split from FIDE in 1993.


title: Nick Nolte

text: He was partners with; Karen Louise Ecklund from 1970 until they separated in 1977. Then he was partners with Vicki Lewis from 1994 until they separated in 2003. He is currently partners with Clytie Lane since 2003. With Linger Nolte has a son Brawley Nolte, and with Lane he has a daughter Sophie Lan Nolte.


title: Vladimir Kramnik

text: In 2007, Kramnik lost the title to Viswanathan Anand, who won the World Chess Championship tournament (not a classical match between the two players) ahead of Kramnik. He played Anand at the World Chess Championship match 2008, but lost.


title: Vladimir Kramnik

text: Kramnik has been diagnosed with an uncommon form of arthritis, called ankylosing spondylitis. It causes him great physical discomfort while playing. In January 2006, Kramnik announced that he would skip the Corus Chess Tournament in Wijk aan Zee to seek out treatment for his arthritis. He returned from treatment in June 2006, playing in the 37th Chess Olympiad. He scored a +4 result, earning the highest performance rating (2847) of the 1307 participating players.


title: Vladimir Kramnik

text: On 30 December 2006 he married French journalist Marie-Laure Germon. He has a daughter named Daria who was born 28 December 2008.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The 2008 Sichuan earthquake () was a big earthquake in China on May 12, 2008. Thousands of people were killed, thousands more people were missing and thousands were hurt. Millions of people were left homeless after their houses fell down. The earthquake could be felt 58 of kilometres away.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The earthquake happened at 2:d, at a depth of . The earthquake was felt in Beijing away and in Shanghai away. Tall office buildings in those cities shook with the tremor. The earthquake was also felt in nearby countries.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: It is believed that 69,227 people died, 374,643 people were hurt, and 17,923 people listed as missing. (September 2008 numbers) The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million. Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected area. It was the deadliest and strongest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 people.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: 52 big aftershocks, ranging in size from 4.4 to 6.0, were recorded within 72 hours of the main tremor.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Scientists worked out that the earth moved up to along the Longmen Shan Fault. This fault is about long and deep. The earthquake made the ground on the surface move more than . Japanese seismologist, Yuji Yagi, said that the earthquake took place in two parts. The fault tore in two sections, the first one moving about . In the second part of the quake the fault moved another .


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The earthquake lasted about two minutes. It was powerful because it did not happen very deep under the ground. Many people were killed because there were so many people living above the epicenter. Teruyuki Kato, a seismologist at the University of Tokyo, said that the shock waves traveled a long way. The waves did not lose their power because of the hardness of the ground in central China.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The quake happened because a part of the earth's surface, called the "Indian plate", is slowly moving north. It is moving about every year. It crashes into the "Eurasian plate". This has pushed up the ground and made the Himalaya mountains. Some of the earth's crust gets pushed into Sichuan and southern China. This pushing has caused many earthquakes in China. The epicentre was in the mountains on the eastern edge of the Qing-Tibet Plateau. This is on the north west edge of the Sichuan Basin. The earthquake was caused by movement on a north east fault. This is the Longmen Shan fault, that runs along the edge of the basin.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Office buildings in Shanghai, including the Jin Mao Tower and the Hong Kong New World Tower, were evacuated (all the people were made to leave). Emergency services in Chengdu could not answer all the phone calls . Workers at a Ford plant in Sichuan were evacuated for about 10 minutes. The Chengdu airport was shut down. One SilkAir flight was sent to land in nearby Kunming instead. Cathay Pacific flights from Hong Kong to London were stopped. Chengdu airport reopened as the airport was used for relief operations.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Reporters in Chengdu said they saw cracks in walls of some buildings. In Beijing many office buildings were evacuated. This included the building with the media offices for the 2008 Summer Olympics. None of the Olympic venues were damaged. A train with 13 petrol tanks came of the railway tracks in Huixian County, Gansu Province, and caught on fire. The earthquake had twisted the rails.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: All of the highways into Wenchuan, and others across Sichuan province, were damaged. This slowed down arrival of the rescue troops. In Beichuan county, 80% of the buildings collapsed. In Shifang, 2 chemical factories were damaged and leaked 80 tons of liquid ammonia. The Dujiangyan Irrigation System, a UNESCO World Heritage Site was damaged. This is an ancient water system which is still in use. The famous Fish Mouth was cracked.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange stopped trading in companies based in south west China. The price of copper rose because production stopped. Oil prices dropped because people thought China would not need as much oil.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Half of the wireless communications were lost in the Sichuan province. China Mobile had lost more than 2,300 base stations due to lack of power and too many phone calls. China Unicom's service in Wenchuan and nearby areas were cut off, with more than 700 phone towers out of action.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The Zipingpu hydro power station, east of the epicenter, was destroyed. The dam wall cracked, and the buildings collapsed. The Tulong dam was in danger of bursting. About 2,000 troops were sent to Zipingpu, to try and release the pressure through spillway. In total, 391 dams, were damaged by the quake.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: By May 18, 2008, 21 new lakes had formed in the Sichuan. This was because the earthquake blocked rivers. Villages had to be evacuated because of the flooding.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The Chinese government said the quake killed 69,181 people, including 68,636 in Sichuan province. There are 18,498 people listed as missing; 374,171 people were injured. This includes 158 workers who were killed in landslides as they tried to fix roads.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: One rescue team found only 2,300 people still alive in Yingxiu. Before the quake there had been about 9,000 people there. In Beichuan county, 3,000 to 5,000 people were killed, 10,000 injured and 80% of the buildings were destroyed. Eight schools fell down in Dujiangyan.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: A 56-year-old Taiwanese tourist was killed in Dujiangyan. He was trying to rescue 11 tourists trapped on the Lingyanshan Ropeway. Because of the earthquake, they had been trapped inside the cable cars.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: least 1,700 people. At least 7,000 school buildings collapsed. Another 700 students were buried in a school in Hanwang. At least 600 students and staff died at Juyuan Elementary School. Up to 1,300 children and teachers died at Beichuan Middle School.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Because of China's one-child policy, many families lost their only child. Officials in Sichuan province have removed the limit of one child for families whose only child was killed or badly injured. So-called "illegal children" under 18 years of age may be made a legal replacement for their dead brother or sister. This may be too late for some, as many of the parents are too old or unable to have children again.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: On May 29, 2008, officials began looking at the ruins of thousands of schools that collapsed. They were searching for clues about why they fell down. Thousands of parents have said the government and builders did not build schools properly. Many other nearby buildings were not damaged. Parents of children killed in the schools say they have yet to receive any reports. Local officials told them not to protest but the parents demonstrated and demanded an investigation. The government censors have stopped stories of badly built schools from being published in the media. There has been an incident where police drove away the protestors.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Liu Shaokun (刘绍坤), a Sichuan school teacher, was arrested on June 25, 2008. He had been spreading "rumors and destroying social order" about the Sichuan Earthquake. Liu had gone to the Shifang (什邡) area, taken photos of collapsed school buildings, and put them online. He had also said he was angry at “the shoddy tofu buildings” in a media interview. He has been ordered to serve one year of re-education through labor (劳动教养) (RTL). Because of complaints from the other countries, Liu has been released to serve his RTL sentence outside of the labor camp.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Safety checks are to be carried out at schools across China. The National Development and Reform Commission are making new laws to improve building standards for primary and middle schools in rural areas.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Insurance companies have put their losses at US$1 billion from the earthquake. The total cost of damage could be more than US$20 billion. Chengdu, a city of 4.5 million people, had a value of about US$115 billion. Only a small part was insured.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The damage to buildings in the earthquake was because of Chinese building designs. China did not have earthquake building rules until after the big Tangshan earthquake in 1976. Older buildings, built before 1976, were not designed to stay up in an earthquake. News reports showed that the poorer, rural villages were hardest hit.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Chinese Communist Party's general secretary Hu Jintao said that help and assistance would be quick. Premier Wen Jiabao, immediately flew to the earthquake area to plan the rescue work.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The China's Health Ministry sent 10 emergency medical teams. The Chengdu Military Area Command sent 50,000 troops and police to help in Wenchuan County. A relief team of 184 people left Beijing:


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Many rescue teams, including the Taipei Fire Department from Taiwan, said they were ready to help. It was difficult to move people into the hardest hit areas closest to the epicenter. It was not possible to reach the area because roads were damaged and blocked by landslides. People needed tents, medical supplies, drinking water and food. .


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The small village of Sier could only be reached by walking. Landslides were a danger to a search and rescue group of 80 men. Each man carried about of relief supplies. The village is above sea level. The extreme mountain conditions meant they could not use helicopters. Over 300 Tibetan villagers were stranded in the ruined village without food and water. Commander Yang Wenyao's rescue group arrived after walking for 5 days, and helped the injured and stranded villagers down the mountain


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Heavy rain and landslides made rescue efforts difficult. 20 helicopters were used on the first day to deliver food, water, emergency aid and carry injured people. The next day, 15,600 troops from the Chengdu Military Region joined the rescue force. Within 2 days telephones in the major town of Wenchuan were being fixed. 100 soldiers, along with relief supplies, parachuted into inaccessible Maoxian County, northeast of Wenchuan.