title: Floyd Landis

text: On July 27, 2006 the Phonak Cycling Team said Floyd Landis had a urine test come back positive, having an unusually high ratio of the hormone testosterone to the hormone epitestosterone (T/E ratio) after Stage 17. Landis denied having doped. Phonak stated that he would be dismissed should the backup sample also test positive. It did, and Landis was suspended from professional cycling and dismissed from his team. Landis's personal physician later disclosed that the test had found a T/E ratio of 11:1 in Landis, far above the maximum allowable ratio of 4:1.


title: Floyd Landis

text: The tests were done by French government's anti-doping clinical laboratory, the National Laboratory for Doping Detection (LNDD)which is part of the Ministry of Youth, Sport, and Social Life, and is and is accredited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).)


title: Floyd Landis

text: On May 14, 2007 a meeting began between the USADA and Landis about the doping allegations. On September 20, 2007, the arbitrators found Landis guilty of doping.


title: Floyd Landis

text: As Landis forfeited his Tour title, the second place rider, Óscar Pereiro, became the race's official winner. Landis has also been banned from the sport for two years, dated retroactively to January 2007.


title: Floyd Landis

text: The USADA had more B samples taken during the Tour de France 2006 examined. After Landis's attempts to prevent these tests had failed, traces of exogenous testosterone were found in several samples in a test of seven samples. These confirmation tests were done at the same French lab Landis's team was trying to discredit for the first positive results.


title: Floyd Landis

text: Landis did race in France in 2007 so that the appeal could be decided in the United States first. If the raced in France they may start their own investigation because doping is illegal in France.


title: Floyd Landis

text: Among Landis's lawyers are José Maria Buxeda of Spain and Howard L. Jacobs of the United States. Buxeda represented Roberto Heras when he was suspended for two years after testing positive for doping. Jacobs has also defended athletes accused of doping, such as cyclist Tyler Hamilton and sprinter Tim Montgomery. They are also representing Kazakh cyclist Alexandre Vinokourov who was accused of blood doping, kicked out of the 2007 Tour de France, and fired from his cycling team.


title: Floyd Landis

text: On September 20, 2007 Landis was found guilty of doping by a 2-1 vote of the hearing committee. The committee said that there were mistakes testing the sample so they will not say that there was a high amount of the natural chemical testosterone. But the committee did say was proof of artificial testosterone and that


title: Floyd Landis

text: Landis does have the right to appeal the decision of the committee to the Court of Arbitration for Sport.


title: Evgeni Plushenko

text: Evgeni Plushenko (born 3 November 1982) is a figure skater from Russia. He was born and raised in the Soviet Union. He is the last of the "Soviet System" figure skaters, which took children from their parents at a young age and raised them in a training system away from home while giving them everything they needed, including housing and food and equipment, so they could become the best.


title: Sejanus

text: Sejanus (Lucius Aelius Seianus 20 BC – October 18, AD 31), was an ambitious soldier, friend and confidant of the Roman Emperor Tiberius. An equestrian by birth, Sejanus rose to power as Praetorian Prefect. He commanded the Roman imperial bodyguard, the Praetorian Guard, from AD 14 until his death in 31.


title: Simple living

text: Simple living means to choose a lifestyle where you own fewer things and focus on what you need instead of what you want. People choose this lifestyle for many different reasons, often based on their views on health, economy, or philosophy, or because they want to protect the environment. Some people do it simply because it suits them better.


title: Maze

text: A maze is a puzzle. It is made of a complex system of paths. Mazes can be on paper. They can also be big enough to walk through. Labyrinths, which are similar, have one winding path instead of many paths like a maze. Sometimes balls are placed in small mazes which have to be moved to the end through the maze.


title: Trade route

text: Historically, the period from 1500 BC–1 AD saw the Western Asian, Mediterranean, Chinese and Indian societies develop major networks for trade, such as the silk road. Europe's early trading routes included the amber road, which served as a network for long distance trade. Maritime trade along the spice route became prominent during the Middle Ages; nations tried to control this influential route. During the Middle Ages organizations such as the Hanseatic League, aimed at protecting interests of the merchants and trade, also became increasingly important.


title: Homologous chromosome

text: Homologous chromosomes are the pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism. They are the chromosomes which pair during meiosis.


title: President of Cyprus

text: The President of Cyprus is the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Cyprus. The office was created in 1960, after Cyprus gained its independence from the United Kingdom. The current President of Cyprus is Nicos Anastasiades.


title: Jack Swigert

text: John Leonard "Jack" Swigert, Jr. (August 30, 1931 – December 27, 1982) was an American test pilot, mechanical engineer, aerospace engineer, United States Air Force pilot, and NASA astronaut, one of the 24 persons who have flown to the Moon. After leaving NASA, he was elected to Congress from Colorado's new 6th district, but died before being sworn in.


title: Itanium

text: Itanium ( ) is a type of Intel microprocessors with 64-bit chip architecture (not related to the by now mainstream 64-bit CPUs made by Intel and others). Itanium processors are sometimes used today for servers. Itanium processors where originally designed by HP and Intel with Intel making producing them, and several manufacturers of systems used them; nowhere as many systems used as originally hoped for. By now mostly HP still supports systems using these chips.


title: Jesse Plemons

text: Jesse Lon Plemons (born April 2, 1988) is an American actor and comedian. He is known for playing Landry Clarke in the NBC drama series "Friday Night Lights", Todd Alquist in the AMC crime drama series "Breaking Bad", and Ed Blumquist in the second season of the FX anthology series "Fargo". He has also appeared in movies such as "Like Mike" (2002), "Observe and Report" (2009), "Battleship" (2012), "The Master" (2012), "Black Mass" (2015), "Bridge of Spies" (2015) and "The Post" (2017). In 2017, he starred in the "Black Mirror" episode "USS Callister".


title: Praline

text: Praline is a confection made from nuts and sugar syrup. They may be in whole pieces or a ground powder. The powder is called "pralin". Belgian pralines are different. They have a hard chocolate shell with a softer, sometimes liquid, filling. French pralines are a combination of almonds and caramelized sugar. American pralines have milk or cream. They are therefore softer and creamier, like fudge.


title: Undersea cable

text: An Undersea cable or Submarine communications cable is a cable that is laid in the sea or in waterways. Usually such cables either carry electricity or they are used for telecommunication. Cables longer than about use direct current, because the loss is too big with alternating current. Such cables are also built in a very rugged way.


title: Ethanol fermentation

text: Ethanol fermentation is a fermentation process that converts sugar into cellular energy, producing ethanol, and carbon dioxide. Because ethanol is an alcohol, it is also known as alcoholic fermentation. Yeast will do this without using oxygen, the process is anaerobic. It also happens in some kind of fish, where it produces energy, when there is little oxygen.


title: Xiomara Castro

text: Iris Xiomara Castro Sarmiento (), also known as Xiomara Castro de Zelaya (born 30 September 1959), is a Honduran politician. She is the 56th and current president of Honduras since 2022. She is the country's first female president.


title: Evgeni Plushenko

text: Plushenko was a very good skater as a child. At age 14, he won the World Junior Championships. At age 15, he won the bronze medal at the World Championships. He has always been coached by Alexei Mishin, a very famous Soviet and Russian skater coach. At the time of Plushenko's rise, Mishin was also coaching Alexei Yagudin. When Yagudin saw all the attention Mishin was giving Plushenko, it made Yagudin leave and find another coach. Plushenko and Yagudin had a very big rivalry that ended in 2002, when Yagudin won the Olympic Gold and Plushenko won the silver.


title: Sejanus

text: After the Praetorian Guard was established under Augustus, Sejanus introduced reforms which saw the unit go from a mere bodyguard to an influential branch of the government. It controlled public security, and influenced civil administration. Most important of all, it influenced the succession of emperors: all needed the goodwill and support of the Guard. These changes would have a lasting impact on the Empire.


title: Simple living

text: Some famous people who chose the simple living lifestyle are Francis of Assisi, Leo Tolstoy, Rabindranath Tagore, Albert Schweitzer, Mohandas Gandhi, and Henry David Thoreau. The Amish live simply by using only things that are described in the Bible.


title: Trade route

text: In modern times, commercial activity shifted from the major trade routes of the Old World to newer routes between modern nation states. This activity was sometimes carried out without traditional protection of trade and under international free trade agreements, which allowed commercial goods to cross borders with relaxed restrictions. Innovative transportation of the modern times includes pipeline transport, and the relatively well known trade using rail routes, automobiles and cargo airlines. In some select cases, pipelines can even transport solids, such as coal and other minerals, over long distances; short-distance transportation of goods such as grain, cement, concrete, solid wastes, pulp etc. is also feasible.


title: Homologous chromosome

text: With the exception of the sex chromosomes, each pair has the gene loci in the same positions on each chromosome, and the centromere in the same position. They are not genetically identical because they will usually have different alleles (versions of a gene) at some of the loci.


title: Itanium

text: Intel officially announced the end of life and product discontinuance of the Itanium CPU family on January 30, 2019.


title: Ethanol fermentation

text: Ethanol fermentation has many uses, including the production of alcoholic drinks (such as beer or wine), the production of ethanol fuel, and the cooking of bread.


title: Xiomara Castro

text: Castro is a member of the Libre Party and represented the party three times in the 2013, 2017 and 2021 Honduran general elections, running as the party's candidate for president of Honduras in 2013 and 2021, and for vice president of Honduras in 2017.


title: Evgeni Plushenko

text: Between the 2002 Olympics and the 2006 Olympics, Plushenko only lost a competition twice. The first time was to Emanuel Sandhu at the 2003-2004 Grand Prix Final. The second was to Brian Joubert at the 2004 European Championships. Plushenko came close to losing the 2003 World Championships to American Timothy Goebel, but won.


title: Sejanus

text: During the 20s, Sejanus gradually accumulated power by influencing Tiberius and eliminating potential political opponents, including the emperor's son, Drusus. When Tiberius withdrew to Capri in 26, Sejanus was left in control of the entire state mechanism as "de facto" ruler of the empire. For a time the most influential and feared citizen of Rome, Sejanus suddenly fell from power in 31, the year his career culminated with the consulship. Amidst suspicions of conspiracy against Tiberius, Sejanus was arrested and executed, along with his followers.


title: Homologous chromosome

text: The most important fact is that homologous chromosomes physically pair for meiosis, the cell division which produces the gametes. During this pairing, crossing over takes place between chromatids of each pair. This exchange of alleles means the offspring are not identical to each other, or to either parent. In other words, the process increases the genetic variation in the population.


title: Itanium

text: When first released in 2001, Itanium's speed was disappointing compared to other processor types. Using existing x86 applications and operating systems was especially bad, with one test in 2001 showing that it was as fast as a 100 MHz Pentium (1.1 GHz Pentiums were on the market at that time).


title: Xiomara Castro

text: She was the First Lady of Honduras between 2006 and 2009. Catro has been married to former President Manuel Zelaya since 1976.


title: Evgeni Plushenko

text: Plushenko withdrew from the 2005 World Championships with injury. But he won the 2006 Olympics with a very big lead over everyone else there.


title: Sejanus

text: In 29 Sejanus began a series of purge trials of senators and rich equestrians in the city, removing those capable of opposing his power, adding to the imperial (and his own) treasury. Networks of spies and informers brought the victims to trial with false accusations of treason, and many chose suicide over the disgrace of being condemned and executed. Only Caligula, the last remaining son of Germanicus, managed to survive the purges of Sejanus. He had moved to Capri to be with Tiberius in 31.


title: Homologous chromosome

text: Sex chromosomes only pair along those parts where there is similar genetic material (loci) on both members of the pair.


title: Itanium

text: Itanium did not have success compared to IA-32 or RISC, and was even worse when x86-64 was released, which worked with older x86 applications.


title: Evgeni Plushenko

text: Plushenko took the 2006-2007 season away from skating. He was married and had a child, but he is now getting a divorce. He is trying to come back to competitive skating, but still has a lot of injuries.


title: Sejanus

text: Through years of crafty intrigues and indispensable service to the emperor, Sejanus had worked himself up to become the most powerful man in the empire. Exactly what caused his sudden downfall is unclear: According to Josephus, it was Antonia, the mother of Livilla, who finally alerted Tiberius to the growing threat Sejanus posed. She sent a letter to Capri in the care of her freedman Pallas.


title: Itanium

text: In an article from 2009 about the history of Itanium — "How the Itanium Killed the Computer Industry" — journalist John C. Dvorak reported "This continues to be one of the great fiascos [bad situations] of the last 50 years" . Technology writer Ashlee Vance wrote that slowness in speed and release "turned the product into a joke in the chip industry." In an interview, Donald Knuth said "The Itanium approach...was supposed to be so terrific—until it turned out that the wished-for compilers were basically impossible to write."


title: Evgeni Plushenko

text: Plushenko is known for his consistency and his strong jumping ability. He has done a lot of quadruple jumps in competition and in combination with other jumps. He was the first to do a lot of quadruple-jump combinations. He has also done the Biellmann spin in competition, although he has not done that recently.


title: Sejanus

text: By the end of 31, he would be arrested, summarily executed. His body unceremoniously cast down the Gemonian stairs, which were a flight of steps in the ancient city of Rome. Nicknamed the Stairs of Mourning, they are infamous in Roman history as a place of execution.


title: Itanium

text: Both Red Hat and Microsoft said that they would stop allowing Itanium to be used with their operating systems. However, other Linux distributions such as Gentoo and Debian are still available for Itanium. On March 22, 2011, Oracle said they would no longer support Itanium, but support for their existing products would continue. In October 2013, Oracle said they would release Oracle Database 12.1.0.1.0 on HP-UX Itanium 11.31 by early 2014.


title: Sejanus

text: It was done like this. Tiberius resigned his post of Consul, which forced Sejanus to do likewise. This removed much of Sejanus' legal powers and protection. Another man, Macro, was appointed as Praetorian Prefect. Sejanus was summoned to a meeting of the Senate, where a letter from Tiberius was read condemning Sejanus and ordering his immediate execution.


title: Itanium

text: A past Intel company official said that Itanium had become profitable (Able to make a lot of money) for Intel in late 2009. In 2009 and later, Itanium was mostly used on servers by HP, which made 95% of Itanium servers, so the primary operating system for Itanium was HP-UX. On March 22, 2011, Intel said they will keep supporting Itanium entirely with many new Itanium chips being created and on-time.


title: Sejanus

text: Following an issue of "damnatio memoriae" by the Senate, his statues were torn down and his name obliterated from public records. Although Rome at first rejoiced at the death of Sejanus, the city quickly plunged into more extensive trials, as Tiberius relentlessly persecuted all those who could in any way be tied to the schemes of Sejanus or had courted his friendship. This included all the children of Sejanus.


title: Itanium

text: Although Itanium did do well with high-end computing, Intel wanted it to have more usage compared to the original x86 architecture.


title: Itanium

text: AMD decided on an easier idea, creating x86-64, a 64-bit addition to the x86 architecture, which Microsoft soon supported in Microsoft Windows, so Intel had to include the same type of 64-bit addition in Intel's x86 processors. x86-64 can use existing 32-bit applications at full hardware speed, but has 64-bit memory addressing and other additions to new applications. This architecture has now become the most used 64-bit architecture in the desktop and laptop market, with the 64-bit ARMv8 architecture powering many mobile devices, used in today's iPhones, iPads, iPod Touches, and now many Android phones and tablets such as the Nexus 6P and Nexus 9. Ssome Itanium-based workstations were initially introduced by companies such as SGI, but they are no longer available. Because AMD made the first x86-64 chip, the architecture is commonly referred to as "amd64" inside of operating systems.


title: Itanium

text: In 1989, HP thought Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) architectures were stuck at one instruction per cycle. HP researchers tried to create a new type of processor architecture, later called Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC), that allows the processor to use many instructions in each clock cycle. EPIC uses a form of very long instruction word (VLIW) architecture, in which 1 instruction word had many instructions. With EPIC, the compiler checks which instructions can be used at the same time, so the processor can run the instructions without needing complicated methods to see which instructions to use at the same time.


title: Itanium

text: The goal of this idea is to allow better inspection of the code at the time of compile to check for additional opportunities for multiple executions at once, and to simplify processor design and save electricity by removing the need for runtime scheduling instructions.


title: Itanium

text: HP thought that it was not good for individual enterprise system companies like HP to make proprietary processors, so HP worked with Intel in 1994 to create the IA-64 architecture, made with EPIC's ideas. Intel wanted to make a large effort in creating IA-64 in the expectation that the resulting processor would be used by most enterprise systems. HP and Intel had a large design effort to make the first Itanium product, Merced, in 1998.


title: Itanium

text: During creation, Intel, HP, and other industry analysts thought that IA-64 would be very popular in servers, workstations, and desktops, and one day replace RISC and Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) architectures for multi-purpose applications.


title: Itanium

text: Compaq and Silicon Graphics stopped working on their Alpha and MIPS architectures to move to the Itanium architecture.


title: Itanium

text: Many groups created operating systems for Itanium, including Microsoft Windows, OpenVMS, Linux, and UNIX types such as HP-UX, Solaris,


title: Itanium

text: (the last three were never finished work with running on Itanium). By 1997, many found that the Itanium architecture and the compiler were more difficult to use than they thought.


title: Itanium

text: Technology issues such as the very high transistor counts needed for the large instruction words and the large caches. There were also problems with the project, as the two parts of the team used different methods and had slightly different priorities. Because Merced was the first EPIC processor, its creation had more problems than the team had thought. In addition, the EPIC concept requires different compiler abilities that had never been created before, so more research was needed.


title: Itanium

text: In only a few hours, the name "Itanic" had been used as a joke, (a reference to "Titanic", the "unsinkable" ship that sank in 1912 ("Itanium + Titanic = Itanic")).


title: Itanium

text: to say the multi-billion-dollar investment in Itanium, and the early demand with it, would mean nothing because they thought Itanium was going to fail.


title: Itanium

text: By the time Itanium was released in June 2001, its performance was not superior to competing RISC and CISC processors.


title: Itanium

text: Itanium competed with low-power systems (primarily 4-CPU and small systems) with servers based on x86 processors, and with high-power such as with IBM's POWER architecture and Sun Microsystems' SPARC architecture. Intel shifted Itanium to working with the high-power business and HPC computing, trying to copy x86's successful market (i.e., 1 architecture, many system vendors). The success of the 1st processor version was only with replacing PA-RISC in HP systems, Alpha in Compaq systems and MIPS in SGI systems, but IBM also made a supercomputer based on this architecture.


title: Itanium

text: POWER and SPARC were strong, and the x86 architecture grew more into the enterprise space, because of easier scaling and very large install base.


title: Itanium

text: Only a few thousand systems using the 1st Itanium processor, "Merced", were sold, because of poorer performance, high cost and less Itanium-made software.


title: Itanium

text: Intel saw that Itanium required more native software to work well, so Intel made thousands of systems for independent software vendors to help them make Itanium software. HP and Intel brought the 2nd Itanium processor, Itanium 2, to market a year later.


title: Itanium

text: The Itanium 2 processor was released in 2002, for enterprise servers and not all of high-power computing. The 1st version of Itanium 2, code-named "McKinley", was created by HP and Intel. It fixed many of the problems of the 1st Itanium processor, which were mostly caused by a bad memory subsystem. "McKinley" had 221 million transistors (25 million of them were for logic), and was 19.5 mm by 21.6 mm (421 mm) and was created with a 180 nm design process, and a CMOS process with 6 layers of aluminium.


title: Itanium

text: In 2003, AMD released the Opteron, which implemented the first x86-64 architecture (called AMD64 at the time). Opteron was much more successful because it was an easy upgrade from x86. Intel implemented x86-64 in its Xeon processors in 2004.


title: Itanium

text: Intel released a new Itanium 2 processor, code-named "Madison", in 2003. Madison used a 130 nm process and was the foundation of all new Itanium processors until June 2006.


title: Itanium

text: In March 2005, Intel announced that it was working on a new Itanium processor, code-named "Tukwila", to be released in 2007. Tukwila would have 4 processor cores and would replace the Itanium bus with a new Common System Interface, which would also be used by a new Xeon processor.


title: Itanium

text: In November 2005, the largest Itanium server makers worked with Intel and many software vendors to create the Itanium Solutions Alliance, to promote the architecture and speed up software porting.


title: Itanium

text: The Alliance says that its members would invest $10 billion in Itanium solutions by the end of the decade.


title: Itanium

text: In 2006, Intel delivered "Montecito" (marketed as the Itanium 2 9000 series), a 2-core processor that had approximately 2x performance and 20% less energy usage.


title: Itanium

text: In May 2009, the release for Tukwila, Montvale's successor, was changed again, with release to OEMs planned for the first quarter of 2010.


title: Itanium

text: The Itanium 9300 series processor, code-named "Tukwila", was released on February 8, 2010, with greater performance and memory amount.


title: Itanium

text: Tukwila uses a 65 nm process, has between two and four cores, up to 24 MB CPU cache, Hyper-Threading technology and new memory controllers. It also has double-device data correction, which helps to fix memory issues. Tukwila also has Intel QuickPath Interconnect (QPI) to replace the Itanium bus architecture. It has a maximum inner-processor bandwidth of 96 GB/s and a maximum memory bandwidth of 34 GB/s. With QuickPath, the processor has built-in memory controllers, which controls the memory using QPI interfaces to communicate with other processors and I/O hubs. QuickPath is also used with Intel processors using the "Nehalem" architecture, so that Tukwila and Nehalem might be able to use the same chipsets.


title: Itanium

text: Tukwila incorporates four memory controllers, each of which supports multiple DDR3 DIMMs via a separate memory controller,


title: Itanium

text: The Itanium 9500 series processor, code-named "Poulson", is the follow-on processor to Tukwila and was released on November 8, 2012.


title: Itanium

text: Intel says it skips the 45 nm process technology and uses the 32 nm process technology instead; it features 8 cores, has a 12-wide issue architecture, multi-threading additions, and new instructions for parallelism, including virtualization.


title: Itanium

text: The Poulson L3 cache size is 32 MB. L2 cache size is 6 MB, 512 I KB, 256 D KB per core. Poulson's size is 544 mm², less than Tukwila's size (698.75 mm²).


title: Itanium

text: At ISSCC 2011, Intel presented a paper called, "A 32nm 3.1 Billion Transistor 12-Wide-Issue Itanium Processor for Mission Critical Servers."


title: Itanium

text: Given Intel's history of sharing details about Itanium microprocessors at ISSCC, this paper most likely refers to Poulson. Analyst David Kanter speculates that Poulson will use a new architecture, with a more advanced form of multi-threading that uses as many as two threads, to improve performance for single threaded and multi-threaded work.


title: Itanium

text: The new information claims improvements in multithreading, reliability improvements (Instruction Replay RAS) and some new instructions (thread priority, integer instruction, cache pre-fetching, data access hints).


title: Itanium

text: In Intel's Product Change Notification (PCN) 111456–01, it listed 4 models of Itanium 9500 series CPU, which were removed in a revised version of the document. The parts were later listed in Intel's Material Declaration Data Sheets (MDDS) database. Intel later posted Itanium 9500 reference manual.


title: Itanium

text: In comparison with its Xeon server processors, Itanium has never been a large product for Intel. Intel does not release production numbers. One industry analyst estimated that the production rate was 200,000 processors per year in 2007.


title: Itanium

text: According to Gartner Inc., the total number of Itanium servers (not processors) sold by all vendors in 2007, was about 55,000. (It is unclear whether clustered servers counted as a single server or not.) This compares with 417,000 RISC servers (spread across all RISC vendors) and 8.4 million x86 servers. IDC reports that a total of 184,000 Itanium-based systems were sold from 2001 through 2007. For the combined POWER/SPARC/Itanium systems market, IDC reports that POWER captured 42% of revenue and SPARC captured 32%, while Itanium-based system revenue reached 26% in the second quarter of 2008.


title: Itanium

text: According to Gartner, in 2008, HP had 95% of Itanium sales. HP's Itanium system sales were at $4.4 Billion at the end of 2008, and $3.5 Billion by the end of 2009,


title: Itanium

text: compared to a 35% decline in UNIX system revenue for Sun and an 11% drop for IBM, with an x86-64 server revenue increase of 14% during this period.


title: Itanium

text: In December 2012, IDC released a research report stating that Itanium server shipments would remain flat through 2016, with annual shipment of 26,000 systems (a decline of over 50% compared to shipments in 2008).


title: Itanium

text: , only a few providers have Itanium systems, such as HP, Bull, NEC, Inspur and Huawei. Intel offers a chassis that can be used by system integrators to build Itanium systems.


title: Itanium

text: HP, the only one of the industry's top 4 server manufacturers to sell Itanium systems today, creating at least 80% of all Itanium systems. HP sold 7,200 systems in the first quarter of 2006.


title: Itanium

text: Most Itanium systems sold are enterprise servers and machines for large-scale technical computing, with each system costing about US $200,000. A typical system uses eight or more Itanium processors.


title: Itanium

text: The Itanium bus communicates with the rest of the system. Enterprise server makers differentiate their systems by making their own chipsets that interface the processor to memory, interconnections, and peripheral controllers. The chipset is the heart of the system-level architecture for each system design. Creation of a chipset costs tens of millions of dollars and represents a major commitment to the use of the Itanium. IBM created a chipset in 2003, and Intel in 2002, but neither of them has developed chipsets to support technologies such as DDR2 or PCI Express.


title: Itanium

text: Currently, modern chipsets for Itanium supporting such technologies are manufactured by HP, Fujitsu, SGI, NEC, and Hitachi.


title: Itanium

text: The "Tukwila" Itanium processor model had been designed to share a common chipset with the Intel Xeon processor EX (Intel's Xeon processor designed for four processor and larger servers). The goal is to streamline system development and reduce costs for server OEMs, many of whom develop both Itanium- and Xeon-based servers. However, in 2013, this goal was pushed back to "evaluated for future implementation opportunities".


title: Itanium

text: Itanium is or was supported (i.e. Windows version can no longer be bought) by the following operating systems:


title: Itanium

text: Microsoft announced that Windows Server 2008 R2 would be the last version of Windows Server to support the Itanium (support started with XP), and that it would also discontinue development of the Itanium versions of Visual Studio and SQL Server.


title: Itanium

text: Likewise, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 (first released in March 2007) was the last Itanium edition of Red Hat Enterprise Linux


title: Itanium

text: and Debian no longer supports Itanium officially (last release with official support was Debian 7 / Wheezy, and was not covered by Long Term Support (LTS), but unofficial support for newer Debian is still available in limited form via Debian Ports; last available kernel in wheezy-backports is Linux 3.14.0, which was released on March 30, 2014, but it is possible to manually update to latest 3.14.x version, or more recent kernel versions, like 4.17.17 as of September 2018) and in addition Canonical Ltd. chose to not support Itanium for Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (released in April 2010, now discontinued).


title: Itanium

text: In late September 2012, NEC announced a return from IA-64 to the previous NOAH line of proprietary mainframe processors, now produced in a quad-core variant on 40 nm, called NOAH-6.


title: Itanium

text: To allow more software to run on the Itanium, Intel supported the development of compilers optimized for the platform, especially its own suite of compilers.


title: Itanium

text: Starting in November 2010, with the introduction of new product suites, the Intel Itanium Compilers were no longer bundled with the Intel x86 compilers in a single product. Intel offers Itanium tools and Intel x86 tools, including compilers, independently in different product bundles.


title: Itanium

text: are also able to produce machine code for Itanium. According to the Itanium Solutions Alliance over 13,000 applications were available for Itanium-based systems in early 2008,


title: Itanium

text: The ISA also supported Gelato, an Itanium HPC user group and developer community that ported and supported open-source software for Itanium.


title: Itanium

text: Emulation is a technique that allows a computer to execute binary code that was compiled for a different type of computer. Before IBM's acquisition of QuickTransit in 2009, application binary software for IRIX/MIPS and Solaris/SPARC could run via type of emulation called "dynamic binary translation" on Linux/Itanium. Similarly, HP implemented a method to execute PA-RISC/HP-UX on the Itanium/HP-UX via emulation, to simplify migration of its PA-RISC customers to the radically different Itanium instruction set. Itanium processors can also run the mainframe environment GCOS from Groupe Bull and several x86 operating systems via instruction set simulators.


title: Itanium

text: Itanium is aimed at the enterprise server and high-performance computing (HPC) markets. Other enterprise- and HPC-focused processor lines include Oracle Corporation's SPARC M7, Fujitsu's SPARC64 X+ and IBM's POWER8. Measured by quantity sold, Itanium's most serious competition comes from x86-64 processors including Intel's own Xeon line and AMD's Opteron line. Since 2009, most servers were being shipped with x86-64 processors.


title: Itanium

text: In 2005, Itanium systems accounted for about 14% of HPC systems revenue, but the percentage has declined as the industry shifts to x86-64 clusters for this application.


title: Itanium

text: An October 2008 paper by Gartner, on the Tukwila processor stated that "...the future roadmap for Itanium looks as strong as that of any RISC peer like Power or SPARC."


title: Itanium

text: An Itanium-based computer first appeared on the list of the TOP500 supercomputers in November 2001. The best position ever achieved by an "Itanium 2" based system in the list was #2, achieved in June 2004, when Thunder (LLNL) entered the list with an Rmax of 19.94 Teraflops. In November 2004, Columbia entered the list at #2 with 51.8 Teraflops, and there was at least one Itanium-based computer in the top 10 from then until June 2007. The peak number of Itanium-based machines on the list occurred in the November 2004 list, at 84 systems (16.8%); by June 2012, this had dropped to one system (0.2%), and no Itanium system remained on the list in November 2012.


title: Itanium

text: The Itanium processors show a progression in capability. Merced was a proof of concept. McKinley dramatically improved the memory hierarchy and allowed Itanium to become reasonably competitive. Madison, with the shift to a 130 nm process, allowed for enough cache space to overcome the major performance bottlenecks. Montecito, with a 90 nm process, allowed for a dual-core implementation and a major improvement in performance per watt. Montvale added three new features: core-level lockstep, demand-based switching and front-side bus frequency of up to 667 MHz.


title: Itanium

text: During the HP vs. Oracle support lawsuit, court documents unsealed by Santa Clara County Court judge revealed in 2008, Hewlett-Packard had paid Intel Corp. around $440 million to keep producing and updating Itanium microprocessors from 2009 to 2014. In 2010, the two companies signed another $250 million deal, which obliged Intel to continue making Itanium central processing units for HP's machines until 2017. Under the terms of the agreements, HP has to pay for chips it gets from Intel, while Intel launches Tukwila, Poulson, Kittson and Kittson+ chips in a bid to gradually boost performance of the platform.


title: Itanium

text: "Kittson" is planned to follow Poulson in 2015. Kittson, like Poulson, will be manufactured using Intel's 32 nm process. Few other details are known beyond the existence of the codename and the binary and socket compatibility with Poulson and Tukwila, though moving to a common socket with x86 Xeon "will be evaluated for future implementation opportunities" after Kittson.


title: Joseph Swan

text: Sir Joseph Wilson Swan (31 October 1828–27 May 1914) was an English physicist and chemist who was well known because he created the incandescent light bulb, about a year before Thomas Edison. His house was the first in the world to be lit by electric light bulbs.


title: Johnny Winter

text: John Dawson Winter III (February 23, 1944 – July 16, 2014) was an American albino blues musician from Beaumont, Texas. His brother, Edgar Winter, is also a famous musician. He also worked as producer and produced two Grammy winning albums of Muddy Waters (Hard again, I´m ready).


title: Oder-Neisse line

text: The Oder-Neisse line (named after the Oder and Neisse rivers) is the border between Germany and Poland since the end of the Second World War. As a result of the defeat Germany lost a part of its territory to Poland. Previously, the German Empire had to cede the former Prussian provinces of Posen and Westpreußen, as well as parts of upper Silesia, to the newly founded Polish state after the First World War in 1919. In earlier centuries these territories were part of the . They were annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia, as a result of the of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by the , the Holy Roman Empire and the Russian Empire.


title: Medical tourism

text: Medical Tourism is when patients visit other countries for medical care. The patients usually come from developed countries to find treatment at lower prices. Over 50 countries have identified medical tourism as a national industry.


title: Africanized bee

text: Africanized honeybees are an artificial man-made hybrid of the European honeybee and African bees. They are more dangerous and defensive than regular honeybees. Because of this, some people call them 'killer bees'.


title: Respiratory failure

text: Respiratory failure is a medical condition which affects respiration. It means the alveoli in the lung are not getting enough oxygen. Because of this, gas exchange in the blood is reduced. Respiratory failure will lead to a person's death. For this reason, it is a medical emergency. Emergency treatment of respiratory failure is very similar to that of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.


title: Peggy Lipton

text: Margaret Ann "Peggy" Lipton (August 30, 1946 – May 11, 2019) was an American television actress. She played Julie Barnes in the series "The Mod Squad" in the late 1960s and early 1970s. She also played Norma Jennings in "Twin Peaks". Some sources mention that she was born in 1946 while others say 1947. She was born in New York City. She was married to Quincy Jones from 1974 until they divorced in 1990. The couple had two daughters, actresses Kidada and Rashida Jones.


title: Self-similarity

text: Something is self-similar if it is similar (or very close) to a part of itself. For example, the Mandelbrot set is self-similar as it contains an infinite number of almost exact copies of itself.


title: Sea grass

text: Sea grasses are flowering plants which live in the sea. They come from four plant families in the order Alismatales. They are monocotyledons which grow in marine, fully saline environments.


title: Minneapolis−Saint Paul International Airport

text: Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport is an international airport used for commercial and military use. The airport is located in Minnesota, United States. The airport is the largest in terms of passenger amount in the Upper Midwest region of the United States.


title: Joseph Swan

text: In 1904, Swan was knighted, awarded the Royal Society's Hughes Medal, and was made an honorary member of the Pharmaceutical Society. He had already received the highest award in France, the Légion d'honneur, when he visited an international exhibition in Paris in 1881. The exhibition included exhibits of his inventions, and the city was lit with electric light, thanks to Swan's invention.


title: Johnny Winter

text: He died in his hotel room in Zurich, Switzerland, aged 70. It happened two days after his last performance there. The cause of his death is currently unknown.


title: Oder-Neisse line

text: Most of the ethnically-German part of the population of these provinces, alongside most of the German minority population in what was Poland before the Second World War (), either fled before the to central and western Germany or were forcibly resettled later. It should be noted here that German citizens of Polish descent and ethically-Polish residents of these regions and other parts of Germany faced systematic discrimination, internment in concentration camps, property-confiscations, forced-resettlement and expulsion under the Nazi administration.


title: Medical tourism

text: Examples of common medical procedures done for medical tourists are surgeries like joint replacement, heart surgery, cosmetic surgery, dental treatment, and addictions rehabilitation (or recovery from addiction).


title: Africanized bee

text: Africanized honeybees are much more protective of their beehive and more likely to sting. When one of them is surprised or scared, they all attack together and sting the same animal or person with hundreds of stings. Actually, their sting is the same as a regular honeybee's, but because they sting all together, they are much more dangerous. They usually chase their target much farther than regular honeybees, and they stay angry and ready to fight for a longer time. They have many more "guard" bees than regular honeybees.


title: Sea grass

text: Sea grass (seagrass) is a key part of continental shelf ecosystems where phytoplankton produce carbonate sediment. This kind of ecosystem occurs in subtropical places like Florida Bay, and around Bermuda. Sea grass beds often contain many species from various phyla. Apparently, seagrass herbivory is a highly important link in the food chain. Many species feed on sea grasses, such as green turtles, dugongs, manatees, fish, geese, swans, sea urchins and crabs.


title: Medical tourism

text: The term "medical tourism" can also be called medical travel, health tourism or global healthcare. it was initially developed by travel agencies and the mass media to describe the rapidly-growing practice of travelling across international borders to obtain health care.mainly it is for curing people and a lot of countries believe on this.


title: Africanized bee

text: In 1956, scientists brought African and European bees to Brazil, to see if they could mate them. They wanted to do this to make a bee that would make more honey in a hotter place. Scientists called these new bees ""Africanized honeybees"". These bees, however, were very different from regular honeybees. They would suddenly leave the colony and build a hive somewhere else. Scientists found out that the queen would decide to leave after a few months, usually taking half the colony with her. They could even take over European hives by killing the European queen bee and making their own queen bee the "queen".


title: Sea grass

text: The surface of the seagrass is the place where "Melobesia", a small alga, makes chalk as a by-product of its metabolism. That is not the only chalk-producing organism in the seagrass beds.


title: Medical tourism

text: To get an idea of the potential cost savings from medical tourism, in Denver, Colorado, USA, a person without health insurance who needs a hip replacement will pay about US $60,000 (EUR 44751). In comparison, in Cuba, going through medical tourism firm Choice Medical Services, the same procedure costs about US $8000 (EUR 5967) or about an 80 percent savings.


title: Africanized bee

text: Because of the queen's strange behavior of leaving the hive and starting new colonies, Africanized honeybees spread out quickly from Brazil. They have moved towards the north so that they have spread through most of South America, Mexico, and the south parts of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Scientists are not sure how far they will spread. Some think they cannot go much more towards the north, because they do not survive well in really cold winters or extremely dry summers.


title: Sea grass

text: Researchers collected shoots from the bay and looked at 18,000 genetic markers. It is "all from the same plant", and covers about 77 square miles (200 square kilometres).


title: Africanized bee

text: Those Africanized bees which have travelled southwards have become much tamer and are well suitable for beekeeping and making honey. The re-domesticated Africanized honeybee is usually the choice of South American beekeepers because it will produce much more honey than the ordinary honeybees. The honey production from a single hive of Africanized honey bees can be 100 kg annually and far exceeds the much smaller 3–5 kg of the various "Melipona" stingless bee species. Thus economic pressures are forcing beekeepers to switch from the traditional stingless bees of their ancestors to the new reality of the Africanized honey bee.


title: Bookcase

text: Bookcases can be different sizes, from a small single shelf to a large bookcase that can fill an entire wall.


title: Scrap

text: Scrap is a term used to describe recyclable materials left over from manufacturing and product consumption. It includes parts of vehicles, building supplies, and surplus materials. Often confused with waste, scrap in fact has significant monetary value.


title: Ladakhi

text: The Ladakhi language is a Tibetic language spoken by the majority Buddhist followers known as the Ladakhis who live in Ladakh, part of the greater region of Kashmir, which is divided upon India, Pakistan, and China. Ladakh is under Indian control and the people of Ladakh mostly speak Tibetic languages like Ladakhi. Ladakhi is closely related to Balti, a language spoken in the neighboring region of Baltistan which is controlled by Pakistan, though there are many Ladakhis in Baltistan and many Baltis in Ladakh primarily Kargil. Ladakhi was created from the Tibetan language spoken in neighboring China. They are many varities of Ladakhi, including those which have evolved into different languages like Zangskari and Changthang. The Purgi language has been considered a mix of Balti and Ladakhi. The Ladakhi language is locally known as "Bhoti" and has been known by that by the Indian government. Ladakhi contains many loanwords from Kashmiri and Hindi. Ladakhi is also spoken in China by nearly 12,000 people.


title: Green Goblin

text: Green Goblin (Norman Osborn) is an enemy of Spider-Man in Marvel Comics. He was played by Willem Dafoe in Sam Raimi's "Spider-Man" trilogy (2002-2007), and in (2021) and by Chris Cooper in "The Amazing Spider-Man 2".


The Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn KG, KT, KP, PC, GCMG, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, GCB, GCStJ, (Arthur William Patrick Albert; 1 May 1850 – 16 January 1942) was a member of the British Royal Family, the third son and seventh child of Queen Victoria. Arthur served as the Governor General of Canada from 1911 to 1916. He was created Duke of Connaught and Strathearn and Earl of Sussex in 1874. He was the longest lived issue of Queen Victoria. He died in 1942 at age 91. He was the father of the Crown Princess of Sweden.


title: Pseudoephedrine

text: Pseudoephedrine (commonly abbreviated as PSE) is a decongestant. The salts pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine sulfate are found in many over-the-counter drugs either as single-ingredient preparations, or more commonly in combination with antihistamines, paracetamol (acetaminophen) and/or ibuprofen. Sudafed is a trademark for a common brand which contains pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, though Sudafed PE does not. Drugs containing pseudoephedrine are commonly used as a treatment for Rhinitis (an inflammation of the mucous mebranes in the nose)


title: Juan José Flores

text: Juan José Flores y Aramburu (July 19, 1800 – October 1, 1864) was a Venezuelan military general who became Supreme Chief, and later the first President of the new Republic of Ecuador. He later served two more terms from 1839 to 1843 and from 1843 to 1845, and is often referred to as "The Founder of the Republic". His son Antonio Flores Jijón would soon become President of Ecuador.


title: Dunkleosteus

text: Dunkleosteus was a prehistoric arthrodire. It was a primitive fish from the later Devonian period, about 360 million years ago. "Dunkleosteus" was a heavily armoured placoderm. Fossils have been found in Morocco, Africa, Poland, Belgium, China, and the USA.


title: World Bicycle Day

text: In April 2018, the United Nations General Assembly declared June 3 as International World Bicycle Day. The resolution for World Bicycle Day recognizes "the uniqueness, longevity and versatility of the Bicycle, which has been in use for two centuries, and that it is a simple, affordable, reliable, clean and environmentally fit sustainable means of transportation."


title: San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago

text: San Fernando is the second largest city of Trinidad and Tobago. About 50,000 people live here. It used to be a borough, but was made into a city in 1988. Pitch Lake is located here.


title: Betty Hutton

text: Betty Hutton (February 26, 1921 – March 11, 2007) was an American actress and comedian. She became very famous in the 1940s. She starred in many movies, including "The Miracle of Morgan's Creek" in 1944 and "Incendiary Blonde" a year later. Her biggest screen role was "Annie Get Your Gun" in 1950. She stopped acting in 2000.


title: Skyfall (song)

text: "Skyfall" is a song by Adele. It was used in a James Bond movie "Skyfall". The tone is dark and melancholy. It received the Best Original Song award at the 70th Golden Globes and 85th Academy Awards. The song hit #1 on some music charts across the world. It reached the top ten in the United Kingdom, United States, and Canada.


title: Brad Garrett

text: Bradley Henry "Brad" Gerstenfeld (born April 14, 1960) is an American actor, stand-up comedian and professional poker player. He is known for his role as Robert Barone in "Everybody Love Raymond" and for his movie roles in "Stuart Little 2", "Finding Nemo", "Garfield", "The Amateurs", "The Pacifier", "Night at the Museum", "Tangled", "A Bugs Life", "Ratatouille", and "Hoodwinked Too! Hood vs. Evil". He has won two Emmy Awards.


title: Inukai Tsuyoshi

text: On 15 May 1932, Inukai was shot by eleven junior Navy officers (most were just turning twenty years of age) in the Prime Minister's residence in Tokyo.


title: Stockfish

text: Stockfish is the product of drying fish. In many northern countries, fish is dried to make it last longer without going bad. The dried fish, is put on woooden racks, It is exposed to air and wind. No salt is used. The wooden racks are called "hjell" in Norway. They are located on the foreshore.


title: Complex of Koguryo tombs

text: The complex of Koguryo tombs or Goguryeo tombs is a group of tombs, or places where human bodies are buried, in North Korea. The tombs were built during the Kingdom of Koguryo, which ruled parts of China and Korea from 37 BCE. to the 7th century CE. These tombs were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004.


title: Vyjayanthimala

text: Vyjayanthimala Raman (born 13 August 1936) is an Indian actress and politician. She was born in present-day Chennai. Her career lasted from 1949 until 1970. She was a member of the Lok Sabha from 1984 until 1991 and of the Rajya Sabha from 1993 until 1999.


title: Bookcase

text: In imperial China, there were revolving bookcases. They are described in 8th- and 9th-century Chinese writings. They were popular in Buddhist monasteries during the Song Dynasty. A revolving bookcase is shown in Li Jie's "Yingzao Fashi".


title: Scrap

text: Overall, the scrap industry processes more than of recyclable material each year into raw material feedstock for industrial manufacturing around the world. One example is scrap steel. Scrap is mainly reused to make other items. Plastic, for example, is melted down into new shapes. A water bottle may have been part of a computer once.


title: Pseudoephedrine

text: Unlike antihistamines, which modify the systemic histamine-mediated allergic response, pseudoephedrine only relieves nasal congestion commonly associated with colds or allergies.


title: Juan José Flores

text: Flores was born on July 19, 1800 in Puerto Cabello, Venezuela. He was married to Mercedes Jijón de Vivanco y Chiriboga. Flores died on October 1, 1864 in Puná Island, Ecuador from uremia caused by kidney failure, aged 64.


title: Dunkleosteus

text: Placodermi first appeared in the Silurian, and the group became extinct during the transition from the Devonian to the Carboniferous, leaving no descendants. The class lasted barely 50 million years, in comparison to the 400 million year long history of sharks.


title: World Bicycle Day

text: Professor Leszek Sibilski from the United States led a grassroots campaign with his Sociology class to promote a UN Resolution for World Bicycle Day, eventually gaining the support of Turkmenistan and 56 other countries. The original UN Blue and White World Bicycle Day logo was designed by Isaac Feld and the accompanying animation was done by Professor John E. Swanson. It depicts bicyclists of various types riding around the globe. At the bottom of the logo is the hashtag #June3WorldBicycleDay. The main message is that the bicycle belongs to and serves all of humanity.


title: Betty Hutton

text: Hutton was born as Elizabeth June Thornburg in Battle Creek, Michigan. She died from colon cancer at eighty-six in Palm Springs, California.


title: Brad Garrett

text: Garrett was born on April 14, 1960 in Oxnard, California. Garrett was married to Jill Diven from 1999 until they divorced in 2006. They had two children.


title: Stockfish

text: The drying of food is the world's oldest known preservation method. Dried fish has a storage life of several years. The method is cheap and effective in suitable climates; the work can be done by the fisherman and family. The resulting product is easily taken to a market to be sold.


title: Complex of Koguryo tombs

text: The tombs are made of stonework and earthwork and some of them have large, detailed paintings inside them. Historians have found about 10,000 tombs from the Koguryo kingdom in China and Korea. Only about 100 of them have paintings on the inside. 80 of these painted tombs are in what we today call the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, or North Korea. 63 tombs are part of the World Heritage Site, and 16 of these tombs have paintings. They were chosen because their paintings are so detailed and show daily life, because the way they were built shows good engineering, because modern people can use the tombs to tell what the people of the Kingdom of Koguryo thought about burying people, and because the burials in the Kingdom of Koguryo affected many later countries, including the modern Koreas and Japan.


title: Vyjayanthimala

text: Vyjayanthimala is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party, though she was elected to the parliament as a member of the Indian National Congress.


title: Bookcase

text: Books used to be written by hand. Not many of them were made. At that time, they were kept in small boxes or chests. The boxes or chests were carried around with the owners. When people started having a lot of books and other manuscripts, they kept them on shelves or in cupboards. Later the cupboard doors were removed. The cupboards then looked like today's bookcases.


title: Scrap

text: Scrap is very valuable. Some scrap is stolen for its worth, like copper wires and pans. This is a crime in some countries, and many investigations are focused on issues with legitimate metal trading. Totaled cars are often also sold for the metal inside. They are crushed, melted into smaller ingots and cylinders, then shipped to a manufacturer of metal goods that paid for that scrap metal. For developed metals to become scrap metal, it needs to be unused and useless in the form it's in. Only then do people shred and melt metal to be used for other things.


title: Pseudoephedrine

text: The advantage of oral pseudoephedrine over topical nasal preparations, such as oxymetazoline, is that it does not cause rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa); however, it is more likely to cause adverse effects, including high blood pressure.


title: Dunkleosteus

text: This top predator was up to 11.5 ft (3.5 m) long and had large, scissor-like cutting jaws with serrated, razor-sharp bones, but no teeth. Its skull was over 2 feet (65 cm) long. It had a jointed neck, an eel-like tail, a scale-less body, and hinged body shields.


title: World Bicycle Day

text: World Bicycle Day is a global holiday meant to be enjoyed by all people regardless of race, ethnicity, creed, class, sex, gender, age, sexual orientation, or any other characteristic. The bicycle as a symbol of human progress and advancement "[promotes] tolerance, mutual understanding and respect and [facilitates] social inclusion and a culture of peace."


title: Complex of Koguryo tombs

text: The 63 tombs of the World Heritage Site are not all in the same place. They are spread out across the city of Pyongyang and nearby provinces. Historians think these tombs were made for kings and other royals and nobles.


title: Vyjayanthimala

text: An actress, she is known for her role as Chandramukhi in "Devdas" (1955). She also starred in "New Delhi" (1956), "Naya Daur" (1957), "Aasha" (1957). She appeared in many movies with Dilip Kumar.


title: Bookcase

text: The oldest bookcases in England are in the Bodleian Library at Oxford University. Those were put there near the end of the 16th century.


title: Pseudoephedrine

text: Some countries started to replace pseudoephedrine by other drugs, such as phenylephrine. The reason for this is that pseudoephedrine can be used to make methamphetamine, which is an illegal drug.


title: World Bicycle Day

text: World Bicycle Day is now being associated with promoting a healthy lifestyle for those with diabetes.


title: Complex of Koguryo tombs

text: Sometimes experts from North Korea and South Korea work together on the Koguryo tombs, but this depends on how well the two countries are getting along.


title: Complex of Koguryo tombs

text: Thieves and other looters broke into some of the tombs, and only a few were completely untouched when scientists first saw them.


title: Complex of Koguryo tombs

text: In 2018, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea began to allow more visitors from outside the country to see the tombs. This was part of a plan to improve the economy.


title: Complex of Koguryo tombs

text: In May 2020, the National Museum of Korea in Seoul, South Korea, produced a digital exhibit called Immersive Digital Galleries. This exhibit included digital versions of some of the paintings from the Anak No. 3 tomb.


title: Something

text: "Something" is a song written by the Beatles. It was written by George Harrison. The song is the second song on the album, Abbey Road.


title: Lissamphibia

text: Although the ancestry of each group is controversial, all share certain common characteristics. This indicates they evolved from a common ancestor and so form a clade.


title: Disk partitioning

text: Disk partitioning is about making a physical or logical hard disk usable by the operating system. Each disk partition can be used like a hard disk by the operating system. A hard disk can be divided into many partitions. This is especially useful for:


title: Chelsea Kane

text: Chelsea Kane Staub (born September 15, 1988) is an American actress and singer professionally known as Chelsea Kane since December 2010. She is best known for her role as Stella Malone in the Disney Channel sitcom "Jonas L.A.". She also appeared in the Disney Channel Original Movies, "Minutemen" and "Starstruck". She also co-stars in the Disney Channel animated series, "Fish Hooks".


title: Paddington Bear

text: Paddington Bear is a fictional character in children's literature. He first appeared on 13 October 1958. He was in over 20 books by Michael Bond. Paddington Bear is a polite bear from Peru. He rarely calls people by their first names.


title: ABC News

text: ABC News is the news division of the American Broadcasting Company, which is owned by The Walt Disney Company.


title: Jim Webb

text: James Henry "Jim" Webb, Jr. (born February 9, 1946) is an American politician. He was a United States Senator from Virginia from 2007 to 2013. He is also an author and served as Secretary of the Navy from 1987 to 1988 under the Ronald Reagan administration. He is a member of the Democratic Party.


title: Incineration

text: Incineration is a form of waste disposal in which waste is burnt. Incineration converts the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat. The heat can be used to generate electricity with a steam turbine.


title: Steve Fossett

text: James Stephen Fossett (April 22, 1944 – September 3, 2007) was an American businessman and a record-setting aviator, sailor and adventurer. In 2002, he became the first balloonist to circumnavigate the world alone. In 2005, he completed the first nonstop global flight in an airplane by himself. He was also known for his friendship with billionaire Richard Branson. Branson's Virgin Group sponsored some of Fossett's adventures.


title: Wesley So

text: Wesley So (born 9 October 1993) is a Filipino chess grandmaster. So got the GM title at the age of 14 years, 1 month and 28 days, making him the 8th youngest chess grandmaster.


title: BAFTA Award for Best Film

text: This page lists the winners and nominees for the BAFTA Award for Best Film, BAFTA Award for Best Film not in the English Language and Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film for each year. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is a British organisation that hosts annual awards shows for movies, television, children's movies and television, and interactive media. Since 1948, selected movies have been awarded with the BAFTA award for Best Film at an annual ceremony.


title: Lord Randolph Churchill

text: Lord Randolph Henry Spencer-Churchill (13 February 1849 – 24 January 1895) was Winston Churchill's father. He was a son of the 7th Duke of Marlborough.


title: Chelsea Kane

text: Kane grew up in Phoenix, Arizona, where she attended Mohave Middle School. She is an alumna of Valley Youth Theatre.


title: Paddington Bear

text: Paddington books have sold over 30 million copies worldwide. A movie based on the book was released in 2014 with Ben Whishaw voicing Paddington.


title: ABC News

text: Their shows they have include Good Morning America, World News Now, 20/20, and ABC World News Tonight.


title: Jim Webb

text: Webb announced on November 19, 2014 that he is forming a committee to run for President of the United States in 2016. On July 2, 2015, Webb announced that we will run for president in 2016. He suspended his campaign and withdrew from the election on October 20, 2015.


title: Incineration

text: The first incinerators for waste disposal were built in Nottingham by Manlove, Alliott & Co. Ltd. in 1874. They were originally known as destructors. The first incinerator in the US was built in 1885 on Governors Island in New York, NY.


title: Steve Fossett

text: Fossett was born in Jackson, Tennessee. He grew up in Garden Grove, California. He attended Washington University in St. Louis and Stanford University. In 1968, Fossett married Peggy Fossett ("née" Viehland), originally from Richmond Heights, Missouri. The couple had homes in Beaver Creek, Colorado, Chicago, Illinois and Carmel, California.


title: Wesley So

text: So's transfer to the United States Chess Federation was confirmed in the November 2014 rating list. Soon after, he left Webster University to focus full-time on chess.


title: Lord Randolph Churchill

text: He was a leading British Tory politician. Churchill was a Tory radical who coined the term "One-nation conservatism".


title: Chelsea Kane

text: In 2007, she played her first starring role as well as her first theatrical role, in the theatrical motion picture "", as "Meredith Baxter Dimly", the film's primary antagonist. She performs two of the songs on the film's soundtrack.


title: Paddington Bear

text: Paddington is considered a kind and friendly bear and is taken care of by the Browns once moved to London in the movies. His signature style is a blue duffle coat, red hat (of which was his uncle's) and an old battered suitcase.


title: Jim Webb

text: Webb was born in St. Joseph, Missouri. His father, James Henry Webb, served in the United States Air Force. His mother, Vera Lorraine Hodges, was a housewife. His family descended from Irish-Scots immigrants. Webb went to many schools in the U.S. and in England. He was raised in Bellevue, Nebraska.


title: Steve Fossett

text: On September 3, 2007, Fossett went missing while flying a light aircraft over the Great Basin Desert. A year later, in September 2008, a hiker found some of Fossett's belongings in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, California. This lead to the discovery of his aircraft and some of his remains.


title: Lord Randolph Churchill

text: He inspired a generation of party managers and created the National Union of the Conservative Party. He broke new ground in modern budgetary presentations. He got admiration and criticism from across the political spectrum. His disloyalty to Lord Salisbury was the beginning of the end of what might have been a glittering career. His elder son, Winston, wrote a biography of him in 1906.


title: Chelsea Kane

text: In 2008, she acted in one of the Disney Channel Original Movies "Minutemen" as "Stephanie Jameson", which aired on Disney Channel in January 2008. She will be in the Jonas Brothers' brand new Disney Channel series "JONAS" as "Stella Malone", the boys' stylist and childhood best friend. She also has a song written about her performed by The Summer Set.


title: Jim Webb

text: Webb graduated from the University of Southern California, Georgetown University Law Center, and from the United States Naval Academy.


title: Lord Randolph Churchill

text: Churchill died early, suffering from a disease. That disease was either syphilis or a brain tumour or even multiple sclerosis.


title: Jim Webb

text: From 1977 to 1981, Webb worked on the staff of the House Committee on Veterans Affairs. During this time, he also represented veterans pro bono. Webb also taught at the Naval Academy and was criticized for a 1979 article published in the "Washingtonian" magazine titled "Women Can't Fight" (see "Senate Election" below).


title: Lord Randolph Churchill

text: It is definitely the case that he was treated for syphilis, and it has been suggested that he was suffering from symptoms of the mercury-based medication. The Churchills' family doctor in the 1880s had written about syphilis. He referred Randolph to the specialist Thomas Buzzard, and continued to prescribe potassium iodide and mercury.


title: Jim Webb

text: During the Reagan Administration, Webb served as the nation's first Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs from 1984 to 1987.


title: Jim Webb

text: During his time as Assistant Secretary, Webb sought to reorganize the Marine Corps. He was gravely concerned with the disarray the Marines had fallen into post-Vietnam: drug use, racial infighting, and low morale within the Corps left him with the impression it was no longer America's premier fighting force.


title: Jim Webb

text: In 1987, he served as Secretary of the Navy, becoming the first Naval Academy graduate to serve as the civilian head of the Navy. As Navy Secretary, Webb pushed the appointment of Alfred M. Gray Jr. as Commandant of the Marine Corps, hoping that Gray could reshape the Corps into the elite unit it once was.


title: Jim Webb

text: Webb resigned in 1988 after refusing to agree to reduce the size of the Navy. Webb had wished to increase the Navy to 600 ships. As revealed in "The Reagan Diaries", President Ronald Reagan wrote on February 22, 1988: "I don't think Navy was sorry to see him go."


title: Jim Webb

text: After his resignation, Webb earned his living primarily as an author and filmmaker. He won an Emmy Award for his 1983 PBS coverage of the U.S. Marines in Beirut.


title: Jim Webb

text: On February 7, 2006, he announced that he would seek the Democratic nomination for the 2006 Senate race against incumbent Virginia Senator George Allen.


title: Jim Webb

text: In the Democratic primary on June 13, 2006, Webb faced longtime businessman and lobbyist Harris Miller. Webb won with 53.5% of the vote, in a race with low turnout. On January 4, 2007, Webb was sworn into the 110th U.S. Senate, accompanied by Sen. John Warner, R-Va., a fellow former Secretary of the Navy; and former Virginia Democratic Sen. Chuck Robb, who held the same seat before losing to Allen.


title: Jim Webb

text: On November 15, 2006, Senate majority-leader-in-waiting Harry Reid assigned Webb to three committees: the committees on Foreign Relations, Veterans' Affairs, and Armed Services.


title: Jim Webb

text: On January 23, 2007, Webb delivered the Democratic response to the President's State of the Union address, focusing on the economy and Iraq. Webb's speech drew positive reviews, and was regarded as one of the stronger State of the Union responses in recent memory. Webb, a decorated war veteran, spoke of his family’s military past, his own passionate attachment to the military, and the way in which previous presidents had always attempted to ensure that all precautions had been taken when sending young Americans into harm's way.


title: Jim Webb

text: On August 14, 2009 Webb visited Myanmar (Burma), seeing its junta's leader, Gen. Than Shwe, and also the pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi, who was under house arrest. During Webb's visit with Than Shwe, Webb negotiated the release and deportation of an imprisoned American, John Yettaw.


title: Jim Webb

text: On February 9, 2011, Webb announced that he would not run for re-election of his Senate seat in 2012.


title: Jim Webb

text: On November 19, 2014, Webb announced the formation of an exploratory committee in preparation for a possible bid for the Democratic Party's nomination for President of the United States in 2016. He made the announcement via a video posted on his website, as well as on YouTube.


title: Jim Webb

text: On June 15, 2015, Webb announced he would make a decision regarding a presidential bid by the end of the month. He made a formal announcement on July 2, 2015. He suspended his campaign and withdrew from the election on October 20, 2015.


title: Jim Webb

text: Webb married Barbara Samorajczyk in 1968. They divorced in 1979. Then, Webb married Jo Ann Kruckar in 1981. They divorced in 2004. Webb is currently married to Hong Lee since 2005. Webb has five children and a step-child.


title: Digg

text: Digg.com is a social news, sharing, discovering, bookmarking and rating information website. Digg started out as a popular technology news sharing destination.


title: Railway electrification system

text: A railway electrification system supplies electrical energy to railway locomotives and multiple units so that they can operate without having an on-board prime mover. Their main advantages are high energy efficiency and low operating cost. Building their wires and other infrastructure is expensive, however.


title: John Layfield

text: John Charles Layfield (born November 29, 1966) known by his ring name's John "Bradshaw" Layfield and JBL, is a retired American professional wrestler that is currently working for the WWE as a color commentator and host.


title: Fabrizio Ravanelli

text: Fabrizio Ravanelli (born 11 December 1968) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.


title: Tal Ben Haim

text: Tal Ben Haim (; born 31 March 1982) is an Israeli football player. He most recently played for Beitar Jerusalem and Israel national team.


title: Vernier scale

text: A Vernier scale is a way to get a much better result when measuring how long something is or the size of an angle.


title: Australian Kelpie

text: The Australian Kelpie, or simply Kelpie, is an Australian sheepdog. The word 'Kelpie' is Gaelic and means "water sprite". They are very successful at herding and driving livestock with little or no guidance. The Kelpie is a medium-sized dog. They come in both the tan markings and solid colors. The Kelpie has been exported throughout the world and is used mainly to herd sheep, cattle and goats.


title: Virtual private server

text: A virtual private server (VPS) is a virtual machine (something like a computer divided into many smaller machines using special software). They are often used by Internet hosting providers. Multiple VPS's run on the same machine, but they are separated as they will only share hardware resources without interfering on software level. A VPS is dedicated to the customer's needs, has the privacy of a separate physical computer, and can run server software. There are many platforms that can run a VPS. Some of them are VMWare and Xen.


title: Moustafa Madbouly

text: Mostafa Kemal Madbouly (, born 28 April 1966) is an Egyptian politician. He is the current Prime Minister of Egypt since 2018. He was appointed by President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi to replace Sherif Ismail following his government's resignation in the wake of Sisi's re-election.


title: JaVale McGee

text: JaVale McGee (born January 19, 1988 in Flint, Michigan) is an American basketball player that currently plays for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He went to University of Nevada, Reno for college where he played for the Nevada Wolf Pack. McGee was drafted by the Washington Wizards with the 18th overall pick in the 1st round of the 2008 NBA Draft. McGee also participated in the 2011 NBA Slam Dunk Contest where he finished in second place, losing to Blake Griffin. He was the first player to dunk three basketballs at one time in a dunk contest. On March 15, 2012, He was traded by the Wizards to the Denver Nuggets for Nenê. McGee's father was George Montgomery who was also a NBA player and his mother is Pamela McGee who was a WNBA player which made McGee the first son of an WNBA player to play in the NBA.


title: Bobcat Goldthwait

text: Robert Francis "Bobcat" Goldthwait (born May 26, 1964) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and director. He is known for his energetic stage personality and his gruff, high-pitched voice. Some movies that he has directed are "Sleeping Dogs Lie" (2006), "World's Greatest Dad" (2009) and "God Bless America" (2011). His voice acting credits include "Hercules" (1997) and "Leroy & Stitch" (2006). He has also had guest appearances on television shows like "MADtv", "Bob's Burgers", "Regular Show", "Adventure Time", "Fish Hooks", "Sabrina, the Teenage Witch", "Married... with Children" and "The Simpsons".


title: Soufrière Hills

text: The Soufrière Hills volcano is an active stratovolcano on the Caribbean island of Montserrat. After being dormant for a long time, it became active in 1995. It has been active since then. Because of its eruptions, no one can live on the south half of Montserrat. The capital city, Plymouth, was destroyed. About two thirds of the population had to leave Montserrat. It had been showing signs of erupting for a long time before it did. When it did erupt, 19 out of the 23 people that remained burned to death because of the pyroclastic flow which was .


title: Outkast

text: Outkast (sometimes written as OutKast) was an American hip hop duo. It members were musicians, André "André 3000" Benjamin and Antwan "Big Boi" Patton. At first they were known as Two Shades Deep. Their early music was a mixture of Southern hip hop and G-funk. Their later music includes rock, electronic, soul, jazz, funk, and blues sounds. In 2003 Outkast's singles "Hey Ya!" and "The Way You Move" from Speakerboxxx/The Love Below reached both number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Outkast have won six Grammy Awards.


title: Palakkad district

text: Palakkad District is one of the 14 districts of the Indian state of Kerala. Also, it is the largest district in kerala from 2006. The city of Palakkad is the district headquarters. Palakkad is bordered on the northwest by the Malappuram District, on the southwest by the Thrissur District, on the northeast by The Nilgiris District and on the east by Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. The district is 24.4% urbanised according to the census of 2011. The district is nicknamed "the granary of Kerala" and "Rice bowl of Kerala".


title: Jan Koum

text: Jan Koum (Ukrainian: Ян Кум; born February 24, 1976) is a Ukrainian American entrepreneur and computer programmer. He is the co-founder and was the CEO of WhatsApp.


title: Anish Kapoor

text: Sir Anish Kapoor (born 12 March 1954) is a British-Indian sculptor. He was born in Mumbai. He works in London. His most famous sculpture is the "Cloud Gate", a bean-shaped sculpture in Grant Park, Chicago.


title: Digg

text: The Digg website works by allowing users to vote topic up (Digging);then displays popular stories on the front page of Digg.


title: Railway electrification system

text: Electricity may be sent to the train in different ways. Different countries use different systems. The most widely used systems are:


title: John Layfield

text: Outside of wrestling, he works as a financial analyst for Fox News and has also commentated and hosted for the mixed martial arts promotion Vyper Fight League. He is the longest reigning World Champion in SmackDown history longest reigning WWE Champion in SmackDown history which he held for 280 days.


title: Vernier scale

text: Sometimes when measuring things we need to get our measurement as accurate as possible. Accuracy is important in surveying the land, navigation of ships, making parts for machines like car engines, looking at stars and planets in astronomy and when doing experiments in science.


title: Australian Kelpie

text: The Kelpie can do the work of several men. They are tireless workers and can work all day in the hottest climates. Kelpies are able to travel more than in a single day. Like the Border Collie the Kelpie is an intimidator. It locks eyes with an animal to get it to move. Unlike the Border Collie, the Kelpie also nips at the heels of herd animals to get and keep them moving.


title: Moustafa Madbouly

text: Madbouly also worked in the Egyptian Government as Minister of Housing and Urban Utilities, and has also briefly was interim Prime Minister.


title: Outkast

text: Outkast started in 1992 when Benjamin and Patton were students at Tri-Cities High School in Atlanta. They were signed to LaFace Records that year. Their first album, "Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik", was released on April 26, 1994. The album was produced by Organized Noize. The album was important in the making of Southern hip hop.


title: Palakkad district

text: According to the 2011 census Palakkad district has a population of 2,810,892, roughly equal to the nation of Jamaica or the US state of Utah. This gives it a ranking of 138th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 7.39%. Palakkad has a sex ratio of 1067 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 89.32%. Palakkad city has a literacy rate of 94.20%


title: Jan Koum

text: Koum was born in Kyiv, Ukraine. He was raised and grew up in Fastiv, outside Kyiv, and moved with his mother and grandmother to Mountain View, California.


title: Anish Kapoor

text: Anish Kapoor is also famous for a fight with other artists about black paint. When scientists invented a material called "Vantablack", Kapoor made a deal with them: He bought exclusive rights. This means he paid the company that owned Vantablack to let him be the only artist allowed to use Vantablack in art. Vantablack could be used to paint something so black that a flat circle would look like a deep hole. Other artists were angry with Kapoor because they wanted to use this paint too. One artist, Stuart Semple, made other paints, for example "Pinkest Pink" and "Better Black", and wrote on his website that Kapoor could not have any. Anyone buying the paint had to promise not to give any to Kapoor. Kapoor got some Pinkest Pink anyway and put a picture of himself on Instagram.


title: Vernier scale

text: Length has been measured with a straight ruler for hundreds of years. It measures up to 0.01cm. If the object we are measuring is somewhere in between two of the marks on our ruler then we would have to estimate where between the two marks to take the measurement. A Vernier scale on our ruler does this last fine piece of measuring between the two marks for us.


title: Australian Kelpie

text: A typical Kelpie weighs from 25 to 45 pounds. They have a life expectancy of from 10 to 14 years on average. Kelpies have natural oils in their skin that keeps their coat weather resistant. For that reason they should be bathed only when absolutely necessary to avoid drying out their skin. An occasional rubdown with a towel keeps them clean.


title: Outkast

text: In 1996 Outkast released their second album, "ATLiens". It entered the US "Billboard" 200 at number two. Three singles were released from the album.


title: Palakkad district

text: The official language Malayalam is predominantly and widely spoken in the district, while Tamil forms the main language of over 6% of the district's population.


title: Vernier scale

text: So , for example if the measurement with our eye said it was between 1.5 and 1.6 centimeters, we would look at the Vernier and we would be able to say the measure is actually 1.57, something it would be vary hard to see with the eye alone.


title: Australian Kelpie

text: The breed has been separated into two distinct varieties: the Show (or Bench) Kelpie and the Working Kelpie. The Show Kelpie is seen at conformation dog shows in some countries and is selected for appearance rather than working instinct, while the Working Kelpie is bred for working ability rather than appearance.


title: Outkast

text: Outkast's third album "Aquemini" was released on September 29, 1998. It got good reviews from music critics.


title: Vernier scale

text: When measuring angles the same problem occurs and a vernier may be part of a device to measure fine angles in between two of the marks on the scale.


title: Outkast

text: On October 31, 2000 "Stankonia" was released. It entered the "Billboard" 200 at number two after selling over 530,000 copies in its first week. Outkast's first greatest hits album "Big Boi and Dre Present... Outkast" was released on December 4, 2001.


title: Vernier scale

text: We don't need to be sharp eyed to read the Vernier scale because its marks are almost as big as our main measuring scale. We just count how many marks there are to the next place where there is a mark on both the main and vernier scales that are exactly lined up. That number of marks tells us the size of the small extra measurement.


title: Outkast

text: In September 2003 Outkast released "Speakerboxxx/The Love Below". The album was different to Outkast's previous albums because it was a double album. The double album is actually two albums. "Speakerboxxx", the first disc, is an album by Big Boi. "The Love Below", the second disc, is an album by André 3000. "Speakerboxxx/The Love Below" is Outkast's best selling album so far. It won a Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 2004. It was the first hip hop album to win the award. The album's first single "Hey Ya!" was number one in the United States for nine weeks. It sold over one million copies there. It also reached number one in Canada, Australia, Norway, and Sweden. The second single "The Way You Move" spent eight weeks at number two in the "Billboard" Hot 100. In 2004, the album's third single "Roses" was released. It reached number four in the UK Singles Chart.


title: Outkast

text: On August 22, 2006 Outkast's sixth album "Idlewild" was released. The album was the soundtrack for the movie "Idlewild". Rolling Stone gave the album four out of five stars.


title: Wire rope

text: Wire rope consists of several strands laid (or 'twisted') together like a helix. Each strand is likewise made of metal wires laid together like a helix. Initially wrought iron wires were used, but today steel is the main material used for wire ropes.


title: Pseudomonas

text: Pseudomonas is a genus of gammaproteobacteria. They are in the family of pseudomonads. "Pseudomonas" bacteria can be found in many different environments, such as soil, water, and plant and animal tissue.


title: Artibonite (department)

text: Artibonite is one of the ten departments (French: "départments", singular "départment") of Haiti. It is named Artibonite because the Artibonite river flows across the department from east to west. Its capital is Gonaïves.


title: Government Communications Headquarters

text: The Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) is a British intelligence agency. Its work continues that of the Bletchley Park team.


title: Solvation

text: Solvation, commonly called dissolution, is the process of attraction and association of molecules of a solvent with molecules or ions of a solute. If the molecules or ions of the solute are more strongly attracted to the molecules of the solvent than to each other, solvation can occur.


title: David Icke

text: David Vaughan Icke (; born 29 April 1952) is an English professional conspiracy theorist and former footballer and sports broadcaster.


title: Lithium aluminium hydride

text: Lithium aluminium hydride is an inorganic compound. Its chemical formula is LiAlH. It is commonly abbreviated as LAH. It is a grey solid. It was discovered by Finholt, Bond and Schlesinger in 1947.


title: Four pests campaign

text: The Four Pests Campaign () was one of the campaigns of China, agains four pests: namely rats, flies, mosquitoes and sparrows. It was part of a campaign called the Great Leap Forward, which wanted to boost Chinese economy, in the mid-20th century. The campaign started in 1958.


title: Wire rope

text: Modern wire rope was invented by the German mining engineer Wilhelm Albert in the years between 1831 and 1834 for use in mining in the Harz Mountains in Clausthal, Lower Saxony, Germany. It was quickly accepted because it was better than ropes made of hemp or to metal chains, such as had been used before.


title: Pseudomonas

text: There are many "Pseudomonas" species. Some are parasitic and invade animal tissues. In humans, pathogenic "Pseudomonas" thrive, especially after antibiotic treatment: once they are able to multiply rapidly they can be harmful.


title: Artibonite (department)

text: The independence of Haiti was proclaimed in the "Place d'Armes" of Gonaïves on 1 January 1804 by Jean Jacques Dessalines.


title: Government Communications Headquarters

text: GCHQ collects, analyses and passes on signals from many parts of the world. This is called "signals intelligence" (SIGINT). It would include all forms of free-to-air signals plus many interceptions of covert communication. Computers scan the signals for key words of phrases, and flag any which contain key words.


title: David Icke

text: He is the author of over 20 books and many DVDs and has lectured in over 25 countries, speaking for up to 10 hours to audiences. He is known for his conspiracy theory that many of the world's most important figures are lizard people.


title: Lithium aluminium hydride

text: Lithium aluminium hydride is a colorless solid, but commercial samples are usually gray because of contamination. It can be purified by recrystallization from diethyl ether. It reacts violently with water. Some commercial samples contain mineral oil to stop reactions with moisture in the atmosphere.


title: Four pests campaign

text: The extermination of sparrows is also known as Smash Sparrows Campaign () or Eliminate Sparrows Campaign (). It caused severe ecological imbalance; it was one of the causes of the Great Chinese Famine. In 1960. Mao Zedong ended the campaign against sparrows and redirected the fourth focus to bed bugs. Only after Mao Zedong had died, in 1976, did the official Chinese press agency announce that sparrows were more useful than harmful. The government took measures to increase the sparrow population in the province of Shandong.


title: Wire rope

text: Wilhelm Albert's first ropes consisted of wires twisted about a hemp rope core, six such strands then being twisted around another hemp rope core in alternating directions for extra stability. Earlier forms of wire rope had been made by covering a bundle of wires with hemp.


title: Artibonite (department)

text: The main river of the department is the Artibonite. Other rivers are Ennery, de l'Estère, Montrouis, Quinte.


title: Government Communications Headquarters

text: The second job of GCHQ is to crack the cyphers (codes) of sources it is interested in. It is this part of the work which Bletchley Park used to do. It also arranges for our own secret transmissions to be coded securely. This is the world of cryptography, ways and means of getting into other people's secrets, and keeping our secrets secure. This is done by CESG (Communications-Electronics Security Group).


title: David Icke

text: In the 1990s, he was a sports commentator for BBC. A footballer, he played for Coventry City and Hereford United.


title: Lithium aluminium hydride

text: Lithium aluminium hydride is used in organic chemistry as a reducing agent. Lithium aluminium hydride is most commonly used for the reduction of esters and carboxylic acids to primary alcohols.


title: Wire rope

text: In America wire rope was later manufactured by John A. Roebling, forming the basis for his success in suspension bridge building. Roebling introduced a number of innovations in the design, materials and manufacture of wire rope.


title: Artibonite (department)

text: The mountain chains here run from west to east and the most important are the "Chaine de Terre-Neuve" and the "Montagnes Noires" (in English, "Black Mountains"). There is also part of the "Chaine des Mattheux".


title: Government Communications Headquarters

text: As an organisation, GCHQ is under the guidance of the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC). GCHQ was started after the First World War as the Government Code and Cypher School (GCCS or GC&CS), by which name it was known until 1946. As part of ECHELON, it works with Intelligence agencies from other allied countries.


title: Wire rope

text: Manufacturing a wire rope is similar to making one from natural fibres. The individual wires are first twisted into a strand, then six or so such strands again twisted around a core. This core may consist of steel, but also of natural fibres such as sisal, manila, henequen, jute, or hemp. This is used to cushion off stress forces when bending the rope.


title: Artibonite (department)

text: It is bordered to the northwest by the Nord-Ouest Department, to the north and northeast by the Nord Department, to the east by the Centre Department and to the south by the Ouest Department. The Gulf of Gonâve is to the west.


title: Wire rope

text: The specification of a wire rope type, including the number of wires per strand, the number of strands, and the lay of the rope, are is documented using a commonly accepted coding system, with abbreviations. For example, the rope shown in the figure "Wire rope construction" is designated:


title: Artibonite (department)

text: The department had, in the 2003 census, a population of 1,299,398 persons: 625,690 men and 673,708 women, with 422,476 (32.51%) living in cities and towns.


title: Wire rope

text: Each of the sections of the wire rope designation described above is variable. There are therefore a large number of combinations of wire rope that can be specified in this manner. The following abbreviations are commonly used to specify a wire rope.


title: Artibonite (department)

text: The department is divided into five "arrondissements" (like districts) and 15 "communes" (like municipalities). The "arrondissements" and their "communes" are:


title: Artibonite (department)

text: Most of the rice of Haiti is grown in the Artibonite department, along the valley of the River Artibonite.


title: Microcode

text: Microcode is the name for a number of instructions or data structures which are involved in implementing higher-level machine language in many processors, especially microprogrammed ones. Microcode is on memory that is very fast to access. When a machine level instruction needs to be executed, microcode tells the processor what electronic circuits should be used. When a new processor is designed, an engineer also writes the microcode for the instructions of machine language. This is called Microprogramming, the resulting code is called a microprogram.


title: Damien Rice

text: Damien Rice (born 7 December 1973) is an Irish singer-songwriter, musician and record producer. He plays guitar, piano, clarinet and percussion. Some call his music Brit-pop (British pop music) but he says his music is alternative rock. He is known as a singer and song writer who wrote sad but beautiful songs for on popular movie and television programs. "The Blower's Daughter" is his representative song. It was used in the 2004 move "Closer". His music is often used in ice skating. Recently, Rice was given "special thanks" in the end credits of the Academy Award winning 2007 Irish musical movie "Once". The movie starred fellow Irish musician Glen Hansard.


title: Nissan Skyline

text: The Nissan Skyline (スカイライン in Japanese) is a line of compact cars and compact executive cars first made by the Prince Motor Company in 1955, and then by Nissan Motor Company after the two companies merged in 1966. After the merger, the Skyline and its larger counterpart, the Nissan Gloria, were sold in Japan at dealership sales channels called Nissan Prince Shop.


title: Taste bud

text: Taste buds are small 'bumps' on the tongue. They are the sense organs which detect the taste of things that go into the mouth. They are involved in detecting the five (known) elements of taste perception: salty, sour, bitter, sweet, and umami.


title: Mastering (audio)

text: Mastering is the process of moving audio from recording device to the storage device. All copies after that are made from the master copy. Master recordings (usually called just "masters") can be made on discs, tapes, and computer data storage formats.


title: Dagger (typography)

text: A dagger is a symbol in typography, which usually looks like a vertical bar, with one or two traits. It can also be called an obelisk. It is present in Unicode, at position 2020.


title: Joanna Lumley

text: Joanna Lumley (born 1 May 1946) is an English former model and actress. She played Charlotte in the movie "Late Bloomers". She also played Mary Smiling in "Cold Comfort Farm". She has acted more often on television than in movies. Her best known acting role is Patsy Stone in the BBC sitcom "Absolutely Fabulous." She has a distinctive and recognisable voice that’s often heard on voiceover work.


title: Sal Mineo

text: Salvatore "Sal" Mineo, Jr. (January 10, 1939February 12, 1976), was an American movie and theatre actor. Mineo was born in the Bronx, New York City, into an Italian family. He is best known for his performance as John "Plato" Crawford opposite James Dean in the movie "Rebel Without a Cause". He was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Once for his roles in "Rebel Without a Cause" and once for "Exodus".


title: Uilleann pipes

text: The uilleann pipes are the national bagpipe of Ireland. They were first known in English as "union pipes".


title: Voiced postalveolar affricate

text: The voiced post-alveolar affricate is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is in English, usually written as j or dge, as in judge.


title: Microcode

text: In early processors, each instruction was hard-wired. This has several drawbacks, the most obvious is that correcting an error in processor design means that the processor needs to be replaced.


title: Damien Rice

text: He was born 7 December 1973 and raised in Celbridge, County Kildare Ireland. Before he started his own solo-career, he was a member of the rock band "Jupiter" which later became Bell X1. In this band, he released 2 singles and 1 album. However, Rice became disenchanted with the label and left the band to pursue a solo career. When he start his own career, he form a band with new members. For example, Lisa Hannigan is famous for featuring Damien Rice's songs like "Cold water", "9 crimes" and so on.


title: Nissan Skyline

text: It is currently available in either coupé, or sedan body styles. They are most commonly known by their round brake lights. The station wagon bodystyle was ended in 1989 with the introduction of the R32 platform.


title: Mastering (audio)

text: A multitrack master is an original multitrack recording, which may be worked on over time. This may have four, eight, sixteen or more tracks. This kind of recording cannot be played on an ordinary machine, and needs a special machine to be played or recorded.


title: Sal Mineo

text: Mineo was bisexual. In 1976 he played the role of a bisexual burglar in a series of stage performances of the comedy, "P.S. Your Cat Is Dead". The play moved from San Francisco to Los Angeles and Mineo moved along with the play. He was arriving home after a rehearsal on February 12, 1976, when he was stabbed to death by a mugger in the alley behind his apartment building. This happened near Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California. He was buried in Hawthorne, New York.


title: Microcode

text: Items 1-3, as well as 5-6, can be coded as one instruction. It is also possible to hard-wire the logic needed for this operation. This has the benefit of being faster, but the drawback that it no longer allows changes that might be needed later on.