title: Port Louis

text: Port Louis has many historic and colonial buildings. One of them is a fortification named Fort Adelaide or La Citadelle. It was built by the British in 1835. Most of the city's architecture can be seen from La Citadelle. Port Louis is surrounded by a mountain range, called the Port Louis Moka Range. Other famous spots are the Police Barracks known as Les Casernes and the Port Louis Waterfront.


title: Port Louis

text: Other things to see in the city include the Caudan Waterfront, Port Louis Bazaar, the Mauritian Chinatown and the old Port Louis theatre. The capital has also three museums which are: the Mauritius Natural History Museum, the Blue Penny Museum and the Mauritius Stamp Museum.


title: Port Louis

text: The main part of the economy of Port Louis is its port. The port handles all of the international trade for the country. Clothing and textiles are the major things manufactured in the city. Chemicals, plastics, and pharmaceuticals are made there, and tourism is also important.


title: Port Louis

text: Port Louis is the second most important financial center in Africa after Johannesburg. It is the city with the highest per capita income in Africa.


title: Port Louis

text: The population of the city is now largely made up of the descendants of people who were hired for labor from India in the 19th century. Slaves were brought to the country by the British and French who colonized the island in the 18th century. After the end of slavery in 1835, many Indian and Chinese workers were brought to work the land, and take care of sugar cane, at that time used to make rum.


title: Port Louis

text: More than 75 percent of the population are Indians. The rest come from Africa, while a small number have Chinese and Eurasian ancestry.


title: Pope Pius XII

text: Pope Pius XII (; ), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (March 2, 1876 – October 9, 1958), was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 261st Pope from 1939 to 1958.


title: Pope Pius XII

text: Pacelli was born on 2 March 1876 in Rome, Italy. He studied at the Capranica Seminary and the Pontifical Gregorian University. In 1895, he earned a degree in Theology.


title: Pope Pius XII

text: Pacelli was ordained as a priest on 2 April 1899. In 1904, he was raised to the rank of Monsignor. He worked at the Office of the Congregation of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs.


title: Nicolae Ceaușescu

text: Nicolae Ceauşescu (; 26 January 1918 – 25 December 1989) was the President of Romania from 1965 until 1989. After the Romanian Revolution of 1989 he was deposed, tried and publicly executed by a firing squad along with his wife Elena Ceaușescu. He had been the only Communist dictator of Eastern Europe who had been charged for crimes against humanity and genocide during the revolutions of 1989. As of 2021, his execution was the last one on Romanian soil. He joined the Romanian Armed Forces in 1950 just before Soviet-Leader (Ioseb Besarionis dzе Jughashvili) Joseph Stalin died in 1953 during the Korean War from 1950-1953 during the Cold War from 1947-1991 just 5 year’s after World War 2 in Europe and the Pacific War in Asia ended in 1945 after Nazi Germany,Italy,Hungary,Romania,Bulgaria and the Empire of Japan were defeated by Britain, France,the United States Of America and the Soviet Union the Eastern Bloc was formed in 1947 by Joseph Stalin by turning the east of Germany,Poland,Czechoslovakia,Hungary,Romania,Bulgaria and Northern Korea into Communist States in Eastern Europe as East Germany,the Polish People's Republic,the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic,the Hungarian People’s Republic ,the Socialist Republic of Romania,and the People's Republic of Bulgaria and finally North Korea in North East Asia . He joined the Romanian Communist Party in 1950 and became leader in 1965 led by former KGB Officer Leonid Brezhnev until his death in 1982 . Nicolae Ceausescu died in 1989 during the Romanian Revolution of 1989 led by Soviet Leader Mikhail Gorbachev until 1991 when the Eastern Bloc and Soviet Union collapsed .


title: Loiret

text: Loiret is a department in north-central France in the Centre-Val de Loire region. It is named after the Loiret river, a tributary of Loire that is completely within the department.


title: Loiret

text: The department is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790. The department was created from part of the former province of Orléanais.


title: Loiret

text: The new department had seven districts: Orléans, Beaugency, Neuville, Pithiviers, Montargis, Gien and Boiscommun. The capital (now prefecture) was Orléans.


title: Loiret

text: In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the seven districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Orléans, Gien, Montargis and Pithiviers.


title: Loiret

text: After the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815), the department was occupied by the Bavarian army from June 1815 to November 1818.


title: Loiret

text: On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Gien and Pithiviers were eliminated but in 1942 Pithiviers became again an "arrondissement" of the department.


title: Loiret

text: The highest point of the department is in the place called "Col des Étourneaux" (), in the "commune" of Pierrefitte-ès-Bois, and that is above sea level; it is in northwestern Massif Central.


title: Loiret

text: The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Orléans is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Marine West Coast Climate) and of the subtype Cfb.


title: Loiret

text: The average amount of precipitation for the year in Orléans is . The month with the most precipitation on average is August with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is March with an average of .


title: Loiret

text: The average temperature for the year in Orléans is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .


title: Loiret

text: The department is managed by the "Departmental Council of the Loiret" in Orléans. Loiret is part of the region of Centre-Val de Loire.


title: Loiret

text: There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 21 "cantons" and 326 "communes" (municipalities) in Loiret.


title: Loiret

text: The following is a list of the 21 cantons of the Loir-et-Cher department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:


title: Loiret

text: Loiret has a population, in 2014, of 669,737, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Orléans, with 435,676 inhabitants, is by far the largest.


title: Eure

text: Eure is a department found in the northwest of France in the Normandy region. Its prefecture is Évreux. Eure has a population of about 557,000 (2006 estimation). It is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French revolution.


title: Yitzhak Rabin

text: Yitzhak Rabin (March 1, 1922 – November 4, 1995) was an Israeli politician and general. He was born in Jerusalem. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel from 1974 until 1977 and again from 1992 until his assassination in 1995 by Yigal Amir, a right-wing extremist who had strongly opposed Rabin's signing of the Oslo Accords and to peace with Palestine. He was the first local-born Prime Minister of Israel, the only Israeli Prime Minister to be killed and the second to die in office (following Levi Eshkol).


title: Yitzhak Rabin

text: Yitzhak Rabin was one of the three recipients of the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize. The others were Yasser Arafat and Shimon Peres. All three got the prizes for trying to make peace in the Middle East.


title: Yitzhak Rabin

text: He was shot dead in Tel Aviv on November 4, 1995. He was buried Helkat Gdolei Ha'uma in Mount Herzl in Jerusalem.


title: Beekeeping

text: The keeping of bees is usually, and has been in the past, for honey. That is becoming less true. Instead, it is more used for crop pollination and other products. These are wax and propolis.


title: Beekeeping

text: There is only one queen bee in each hive and she is bigger than the rest. She lays all the eggs, which makes all the other bees in the hive her daughters and sons. However, they do not control the hive.


title: Beekeeping

text: The largest beekeeping operations are agricultural businesses that are operated for profit. Some people also have small beekeeping operations that they do as a hobby. Urban beekeeping is a growing trend, and some have found that "city bees" are actually healthier than "rural bees" because there are fewer pesticides and greater biodiversity.


title: Juan Perón

text: Juan Domingo Perón (October 8, 1895 – July 1, 1974) was an Argentine general and politician. He was born in Buenos Aires. He served as President of Argentina from 1946 to 1955, ruling with Eva and again from 1973 to 1974 with his wife Isabel, who was his vice president. In Argentina, he and his second wife Eva or Evita are considered icons by many people, especially members of Peronist party, which he started and is still popular today. He was elected in 1946. In 1955 he was overthrown and force to leave the country. In 1973, he returned and ran for President again with his third wife Isabel as Vice-President and was elected. He died in Buenos Aires less than a year after being elected. His widow, Isabel took his place, which made the first woman to be the head of a country's government in the Western hemisphere.


title: Juan Perón

text: He was very popular among the working class because he was the first politician in a long time to care about the Argentine people. He required businesses to pay decent wages and safe conditions. He also did other social reforms, but also was pretty controlling. He controlled what could be said over the radio and sent people opposing him to jail. He also controlled unions and businesses, so although they had power, the government had last word.


title: Brown dwarf

text: A brown dwarf is an object which is made of the same things as stars, but does not have enough mass for hydrogen fusion (the combining of hydrogen atoms into helium atoms). Nuclear fusion is what makes stars glow. Brown dwarfs are not massive enough to do this, so they are not regular stars. On the other hand, they are not regular giant planets, because they do glow. They are thought to be many but few have been found because their absolute magnitude is small.


title: Brown dwarf

text: Their mass is between the heaviest gas giants and the lightest stars, with an upper limit around 75 to 80 times the mass of Jupiter ("M"). Brown dwarfs more massive than 13 "M" are thought to fuse deuterium and those above ~65 "M", fuse lithium as well.


title: Brown dwarf

text: The nearest known brown dwarf is WISE 1049-5319 about 6.5 light years away, a binary system of brown dwarves discovered in 2013.


title: Brown dwarf

text: What became known as brown dwarfs were talked about in the 1960s. Alternative names for brown dwarfs were proposed, including planetar and substar. They remained hypothetical for decades.


title: Brown dwarf

text: Early theories suggested that an object less than 0.09 solar masses would never go through normal stellar evolution. The discovery of deuterium-burning down to 0.012 solar masses and the impact of dust formation in the cool outer atmospheres of brown dwarfs in the late 1980s brought these theories into question. However, such objects were hard to find because they emit almost no visible light. Their strongest emissions are in the infrared (IR) spectrum, and ground-based IR detectors were too imprecise at that time to readily identify any brown dwarfs.


title: Brown dwarf

text: For many years, efforts to discover brown dwarves were fruitless. In 1988, however, GD 165B was discovered, showing none of the features expected of a low-mass red dwarf star. Today, GD 165B is recognized as the prototype of a class of objects now called "L dwarfs". Although the discovery of the coolest dwarf was highly significant at the time, it was debated whether GD 165B would be classified as a brown dwarf or simply a very-low-mass star, because observationally it is very difficult to distinguish between the two.


title: Brown dwarf

text: Soon after the discovery of GD 165B, other brown-dwarf candidates were reported. Most failed to live up to their candidacy, however, because the absence of lithium showed them to be stellar objects. True stars will burn their lithium within a little over 100 million years (my), whereas brown dwarfs will not. Confusingly, brown dwarves have temperatures and luminosities similar to some true stars. In other words, the detection of lithium in the atmosphere of an object means that, if it is older than 100 my, it is a brown dwarf.


title: Brown dwarf

text: In 1994/5 the study of brown dwarfs changed with the discovery of two definite substellar objects (Teide 1 and Gliese 229B).


title: Brown dwarf

text: The first confirmed brown dwarf was discovered in 1994. They called this object Teide 1 and it was found in the Pleiades open cluster. "Nature" highlighted "Brown dwarfs discovered, official" in the front page of that issue. The distance, chemical composition, and age of Teide 1 was established because it is in the young Pleiades star cluster. Teide 1's mass is 55 times that of Jupiter, and clearly below the stellar-mass limit.


title: Brown dwarf

text: More notable was Gliese 229B, which was found to have a temperature and luminosity well below the stellar range. Remarkably, its near-infrared spectrum clearly exhibited a methane absorption band at 2 micrometres, a feature that had previously only been observed in the atmospheres of giant planets and that of Saturn's moon Titan. This discovery helped to establish yet another spectral class even cooler than L dwarfs, known as "T dwarfs", for which Gliese 229B is the prototype.


title: Brown dwarf

text: A brown dwarf below 65 Jupiter masses is unable to burn lithium by thermonuclear fusion at any time during its evolution. High-quality spectral data showed that Teide 1 had kept the initial lithium amount of the original molecular cloud from which Pleiades stars formed. This proved the lack of thermonuclear fusion in its core.


title: Brown dwarf

text: Teide 1 was considered for some time the smallest object out of the Solar System that had been identified by direct observation. Since then over 1800 brown dwarfs have been identified. Some are very close to Earth such as Epsilon Indi Ba and Bb, a pair of brown dwarfs gravitationally bound to a sunlike star around 12 light-years from the Sun, and WISE 1049-5319 a binary system of brown dwarfs about 6.5 light-years away.


title: Brown dwarf

text: For some years now there has been debate concerning what criterion to use for defining the separation between a very-low-mass brown dwarf and a giant planet (~13 Jupiter masses). One school of thought is based on formation, and another on interior physics.


title: Walter Benjamin

text: Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin (; 15 July 1892 – 26 September 1940) was a German philosopher, cultural critic, and translator.


title: Walter Benjamin

text: He worked in many subjects such as German idealism, Romanticism, historical materialism, and Jewish mysticism. He helped aesthetic theory and Western Marxism grow.


title: Walter Benjamin

text: Benjamin committed suicide by taking an overdose of morphine in Portbou at the French–Spanish border while attempting to escape from the Nazis at the age of 48.


title: Cumulonimbus cloud

text: Cumulonimbus (Cb) is a type of cloud that is tall, dense, and involved in thunderstorms and other intense weather. When seen in a storm, it may be called "thunderhead". The clouds can form alone, in clusters, or along a cold front in a squall line, a line of strong winds. Cumulonimbus clouds form from cumulus clouds (namely from cumulus congestus cloud) and can further develop to a supercell, a severe thunderstorm with special features. Cumulonimbus clouds are the source of most tornadoes.


title: Bovinae

text: Bovinae is a subfamily of the even-toed ungulate family Bovidae. About 26 species of bovines belong to this subfamily.


title: Bovinae

text: The four genera "Tetracerus", "Boselaphus", "Tragelaphus" and "Taurotragus" are sometimes put into their own subfamily "Tragelaphinae", and sometimes with the bovines.


title: Tarot

text: The Tarot (often Tarot cards) are a set of seventy-eight cards, comprising twenty-two Тrump cards, and four suits of fourteen cards each with four Face cards. In the English speaking world, Tarot cards are mostly used for divination. Tarot cards are also used in many European countries for playing trick taking card games. Cartomancy is to use Tarot cards for divination.


title: Tarot

text: Tarot decks did not come before decks having four suits of the same length. They were invented not for occult purposes but purely for gaming. In 1781, Court de Gébelin published an essay associating the cards with ancient wisdom. This idea was later disproved by Dummett. Tarot cards have been used for cartomancy and divination as well as gaming. Nowadays fortune-tellers tend to use specially-developed tarot decks rather than those used for games. Not just the cards but now there are several websites available online where people go to get their answers. They simply put the data on the lucky wheel and it starts spinning. When it stops, the people know what's written in the cards for them.


title: Stonefly

text: The Stonefly or Plecoptera are an order of aquatic insects. There are some 3,500 described species worldwide, and new ones are still being discovered. Although stoneflies are found worldwide, they are absent from Antarctica. Stoneflies are believed to be one of the most primitive groups of Neoptera. Their close relatives are identified from the Carboniferous and Lower Permian geological periods. True stoneflies, known from fossils, are only a little younger. The larva have claws on their legs. This allows them to better hang on to things in their environment and withstand stronger current. They need fast moving water in streams and rivers to survive. They cannot tolerate the low oxygen saturation found in warm water. They usually live in cold clean streams with a lot of turbulence (such as rapids). The adult stoneflies are easily identified by their wings that fold over their abdomen. The "pteronarcys" Stoneflies, found only in North American waters, live for several years.


title: Gothic Revival architecture

text: Gothic Revival architecture is architecture that has been made to look as if it is from medieval times, but is really much later. This architectural style began in the late 1740s in England. Its momentum grew in the early 19th century. Serious and learned admirers of neo-Gothic styles sought to revive medieval Gothic architecture.


title: Gothic Revival architecture

text: The Gothic style of architecture was built in Europe between about 1140 and about 1550. Beginning in late 18th century Europe, through the 19th century and into the early 20th century in Europe and elsewhere there was a fashion to build in the Gothic style. In this period architects and their patrons had various different styles to choose from. There were also revivals of Classical and Renaissance styles. Since medieval Gothic buildings vary so much, some architects often copied selectively from medieval buildings and some adapted the style to the needs of their own period. The "Gothic Revival" style was most commonly used for churches, cathedrals, universities, town halls and sometimes houses.


title: Hercules (1997 movie)

text: Hercules is a 1997 American-Greek animated musical fantasy comedy movie based on the legendary Greek mythology hero Heracles (known in the movie by his Roman name, Hercules), the son of Zeus in Greek mythology. The movie was directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, and was produced by The Walt Disney Company. It is the 35th animated movie in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series.


title: Hercules (1997 movie)

text: "Go the Distance" was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. It lost both to Celine Dion's hit "My Heart Will Go On" from "Titanic".


title: Columbine High School massacre

text: The Columbine High School massacre was a school shooting and attempted bombing at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, near Denver, that happened on April 20, 1999. Eighteen-year-old Eric Harris and 17-year-old Dylan Klebold carried out the massacre and were both students at the school. They murdered 12 students and one teacher using guns. Ten of the murders happened in the school's library, where they then killed themselves with their guns. Before the shootings, they had planted two large propane bombs in the school's cafeteria. They could have killed many people in there, but they did not explode. They also planted two car bombs in the school's parking lot, which were supposed to kill first responders and news reporters. They also did not explode. They also carried pipe bombs and molotov cocktails, which they lit and threw. Most of them exploded but nobody was injured or killed by any of the bombs used during the massacre.


title: Columbine High School massacre

text: It was one of the first well-known massacres at a school in the United States, and the one with the most deaths until the Virginia Tech massacre in 2007.


title: Columbine High School massacre

text: After the shooting, many people wanted to know why it had happened. Many people thought that Klebold and Harris had done it because they were bullied, and schools in the United States began talking about how to stop bullying. However, it is now thought that Klebold and Harris were bullies themselves. Other people blamed parts of the media, saying that the lyrics of bands and singers like Marilyn Manson and violent video games that the shooters played might have caused it.


title: Columbine High School massacre

text: In 2002, filmmaker Michael Moore released a documentary movie called "Bowling for Columbine" that was about why the shooting happened and about the role guns have in American culture. In the movie, Moore interviewed Marilyn Manson.


title: Columbine High School massacre

text: Many impromptu memorials were created after the shooting. Memorials included victims Rachel Scott's car and John Tomlin's truck.


title: Columbine High School massacre

text: In 2000, youth advocate Melissa Helmbrecht organized a remembrance event in Denver. It featured two surviving students. It was called "A Call to Hope." The library (where most of the shooting happened) was removed and replaced with an atrium. In 2001, a new library, the HOPE memorial library, was built next to the west entrance.


title: Columbine High School massacre

text: On February 26, 2004, thousands of pieces of evidence from the shooting were shown at the Jeffco fairgrounds in Golden.


title: Sam Neill

text: Nigel James Dermot "Sam" Neill (born 14 September 1947 in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland) is a New Zealand actor. He has been in lots of movies. Neill has been in "Jurassic Park", "Dead Calm", "Event Horizon", "Sirens" and lots of other very famous movies. In recent years, he appeared in "" (2017) and "Peter Rabbit" (2018).


title: Sam Neill

text: Neill was born on 14 September 1947 in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland to a New Zealander father and English mother. He moved to New Zealand in 1954. He studied at Christ's College, Canterbury and at University of Canterbury. Neill was married to Lisa Harrow until they divorced in 1989. Then he was married to Noriko Watanabe. He has two children. Neill has New Zealand and Irish citizenships.


title: Personal name

text: A personal name is the label which identifies an individual person. It is a proper name; and it is usually made up of a given name plus a surname.


title: Susan Wojcicki

text: Susan Diane Wojcicki (born July 5, 1968) is an American-Polish business executive who is the CEO of YouTube. She has been in the tech industry for over 20 years.


title: Objective-C

text: Objective-C is an object-oriented programming language used to make computer programs for macOS and iOS devices.


title: Objective-C

text: Objective-C was created in the early 1980s by two programmers named Brad Cox and Tom Love. However, it didn't become popular until it was bought by NeXT in 1988 for their NeXTSTEP operating system. After NeXT was bought by Apple in 1996, it became the main programming language for Mac OS X and later the iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad. In recent years, Swift has been more popular than Objective-C.


title: Objective-C

text: Objective-C is a strict superset of C, meaning that any code that can be written in C can be used in Objective-C programs without changing it. However, it adds some features of its own that can't be used in a traditional C program.


title: Objective-C

text: In Objective-C, functions are called using messages, a feature inspired by the SmallTalk programming language. Messages look like "blocks" of code similar to the one shown below:


title: Objective-C

text: Unlike other programming languages such as C and [[Java (programming language)|Java]], Objective-C "classes" are divided into two separate parts:


title: Objective-C

text: Usually, these are put in two different files, with the interface using the ".h" extension and the implementation using the ".m" extension.


title: Objective-C

text: Objective-C 2.0 is an improved version of Objective-C. It adds many features, such as garbage collection (automatic memory management), fast enumeration and properties (the automatic generation of variable methods).


title: IPod touch

text: The iPod touch is a media player created and sold by Apple Inc. The public first saw it at an Apple meeting called "The Beat Goes On" on September 5, 2007. The iPod touch was famous for its touch screen. It has internet access with YouTube and the iTunes store. Apple sold it with either 8 GB, 16 GB, 32 GB, or 64 GB of storage.


title: Auferstanden aus Ruinen

text: "Auferstanden aus Ruinen" () (German for "Risen from Ruins") was the national anthem of East Germany.


title: IPod touch

text: The iPod touch can see the last ten songs played in a Starbucks café through Wi-Fi within the location of the iPod. The user can download tracks from the online iTunes music store with an iPod touch. This feature is to be offered in some Starbucks stores in the US. Right now, there are no plans to expand its Wi-Fi iTunes stores in any other country than the United States.


title: Auferstanden aus Ruinen

text: In 1949, the Soviet occupation zone of Allied Occupied Germany became a country that was called East Germany. For the anthem, the poet Johannes R. Becher wrote the lyrics. The composer Hanns Eisler wrote the melody.


title: IPod touch

text: The iPod touch's touchscreen ability is the same as the iPhone's. Like the iPhone, the iPod touch also has a physical home button separate from the touch screen. The home screen includes a headphone set, an alarm clock and also a list of buttons corresponding to the available applications: Music, Videos, Photos, and iTunes on the bottom button row. Safari, Calendar, Contacts, Clock, Calculator, and Settings are at the top. The iPod touch is also sold with 28 wallpaper photos, some of which are figures from the iPod advertisements.


title: IPod touch

text: As of September 9, 2014, when iPod Classic was discontinued, iPod Shuffle, iPod Nano and iPod Touch were the only ones still manufactured. The iPod touch is the only remaining iPod still being manufactured as of July 27, 2017, when the iPod nano and iPod shuffle were discontinued. Apple concluded the iPod touch on May 10, 2022. However, the iPod touch was still available at Apple's online store while supplies lasted.


title: IPod touch

text: Before October 12, 2011, when the iPod touch is taken out of the box for the first time, it needs to be connected to a computer for it to start. When it's first turned on, iTunes must be installed on either a macOS or Microsoft Windows operating system computer for programming the iPod touch. On either operating system, the iPod touch needs a USB 2.0 port on the computer to connect. When the iPod is first turned on it needs data communications with iTunes, and will always show the "cable to iTunes" picture until it senses iTunes.


title: IPod touch

text: However, after October 12, 2011, new iPods that were bought will have iOS 5 installed and that means users can set up the iPod wirelessly, without connecting it to a computer. It also means that users do not have to connect their iPod to a computer in order to sync and back up data. All of this will be done through Apple's iCloud service.


title: IPod touch

text: The iPod touch is included with Wi-Fi 802.11b/g, and, like the iPhone, has the Safari web browser and YouTube. The iPod's Wi-Fi ability can also be used to buy music from the iTunes Store.


title: IPod touch

text: On October 17, 2007, Steve Jobs, gave an open letter posted on Apple's webpage, announced that a software development kit (SDK) for the iPhone would be made ready to third-party developers in February 2008. Because of security concerns and Jobs' praise of Nokia's digital signature system, it is also suggested that Apple will adopt a similar method. The SDK will also apply to the iPod touch. However, end-users have still been able to "jailbreak" the iPod touch in similar methods to the iPhone, allowing the usage of third-party applications created by users. The most popular iPod touch jailbreak method is a website which takes advantage of a TIFF exploit in the iPod touch's web browser to execute the code in order to install the hacks. The site also patches the exploit as well. This method only worked on the 1.1.1 firmware, as 1.1.2 fixed the exploit needed for the installer to work.


title: IPod touch

text: During the initial launch of the iPod touch, reviews noted some differences compared to Apple's similar iPhone. One of the primary criticisms of the iPod touch is the absence of the iPhone's email, mapping and stock tracking applications. On January 15, 2008, Steve Jobs announced at his Macworld 2008 keynote that the "January Software Upgrade" for the iPod touch consisted of five new applications: Mail, Maps, Stocks, Notes and Weather. The new Maps feature is similar to that of the iPhone, with new software from Skyhook Wireless that pinpoints the user's location using Wi-Fi. The software upgrade is available for current iPod touch owners via iTunes download for US$19.99.[1] New iPod touch units with 1.1.3 installed (MA623LL/B or MA627LL/B) will also have the software upgrade pre-installed.[2]Customers who purchase an iPod touch with part number MA623LL/A or MA627LL/A must pay the upgrade fee to receive the new applications.


title: IPod touch

text: The first reviews of the iPod touch have cited some differences compared to Apple's similar iPhone. One of the biggest criticisms of the iPod touch was that it did not have the iPhone's email, mapping and stock tracking applications. Another complaint mentioned that the iPod touch had no physical buttons for volume control - a feature that the iPhone had. The iPod touch instead used software-based controls, which makes users to double click the home button, bringing up an on-screen volume control. The iPod touch also did not have the iPhone's external speakers, built-in camera, and Bluetooth capability, but the 2nd generation onward has external speakers and the Bluetooth capability. The fourth generation, released in September 2010, was the first iPod touch to feature the retina display and two built-in cameras for FaceTime and for videos and still photos. At least one critic has suggested that Apple may have left out these applications and hardware features on purpose in order to differentiate the iPod touch from its more expensive cousin, the iPhone. Others say that the touch does not need the applications mentioned above because it's an "iPod" and not a mobile phone. However, the 2009 model of the iPod touch does feature Bluetooth, but only to link with bluetooth headphones.


title: IPod touch

text: By now, the 5th-generation iPod touch mostly has the same functions as the iPhone, but is not quite as powerful, uses an inferior camera, lacks a built-in GPS, and lacks cell phone capabilities. However, it is cheaper than the iPhone, and also thinner, making it more portable.


title: IPod touch

text: A number of early iPod touch users have complained that their iPod's screen could not properly display shades of black. The problem has been related to the bad reflective coating on the LCD display and bad quality control. The defect caused the screen to have very narrow optimal viewing angle (hard to look at the screen from the side) and also resulted in "shimmering" blacks. This screen problem was later fixed with the firmware update 1.1.1 although some still complained that the screen still could not properly display certain shades of black. Critics also say that the update simply "alleviates" the screen problem by adjusting contrast settings and does not provide a fix for the screen itself.


title: Chlorella

text: Chlorella is a genus of single-cell green algae. It is in the division Chlorophyta. It is microscopic in size and round in shape.


title: Chlorella

text: "Chlorella" has in its body two green color substances: "chlorophyll-a" and "chlorophyll b." It uses photosynthesis, similar to plants which also have chlorophyll. It multiplies rapidly, needing only carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and a small amount of minerals to reproduce.


title: Chlorella

text: Many people believe "Chlorella" can serve as a possible source of food and energy. This is because its photosynthesis process can, in theory, reach 8% efficiency. This is even better than that of other highly efficient crops such as sugar cane, which are already being used for food and energy.


title: Chlorella

text: In 1961, Melvin Calvin of the University of California received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research on the pathways of carbon dioxide assimilation using "Chlorella".


title: Chlorella

text: Chlorella reproduce asexually by aplanospores. A single chlorellon cell produces at least 16 non-motile aplanospores and each one of them matures into an individual unicellular alga (chlorellon) under favourable conditions. There are no any reports of sexual reproduction in Chlorella.


title: William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland

text: William Henry Cavendish Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, (14 April 1738 – 30 October 1809) was a British Whig and Tory statesman and twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. After his first time as prime minister, the kingdom of Ireland joined Great Britain to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In the new Parliament of the United Kingdom, he again became prime minister in 1807.


title: Ray Kurzweil

text: Raymond "Ray" Kurzweil (born February 12, 1948 in Queens, New York City) is an American author, entrepreneur, inventor, and futurist.


title: Ray Kurzweil

text: Kurzweil wrote seven books (five of them were national bestsellers) about topics like health, artificial intelligence (AI), transhumanism, immortality, the technological singularity, and futurism. He speaks to people and gives speeches at conferences like DEMO, SXSW, and TED. He also maintains the news website KurzweilAI.net. It has more than three million readers per year. He has a sibling, a son, Ethan Kurzweil, and a daughter, Amy Kurzweil.


title: Ray Kurzweil

text: Kurzweil made 147 predictions about the future since the 1990s. He has a prediction accuracy rate of 86%.


title: Ray Kurzweil

text: Predictions from 1990: A computer will defeat a world chess champion by 1998. This prediction was wrong because it already happened in 1997. Personal Computers (PCs) will can answer queries by accessing information wirelessly via the Internet by 2010. That became true. Exoskeletal limbs will let the disabled walk by the early 2000s. That became true.


title: Ray Kurzweil

text: Predictions from 1999: People will can talk to their computer to give them commands by 2009. That became true. Computer displays will be built into eyeglasses for augmented reality by 2009. That became true.


title: Ray Kurzweil

text: Predictions from 2005: Virtual solutions will be able to do real-time language translation into text that will appear as subtitles to a user wearing the glasses in the 2010s. That became true.


title: James, Viscount Severn

text: James, Viscount Severn, born 17 December 2007) is younger child and only son child of Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex and Sophie, Countess of Wessex.


title: James, Viscount Severn

text: He was born at Frimley Park Hospital in Frimley, Surrey, He is the only son of Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, and Sophie, Countess of Wessex. He is a grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and a niece of King Charles III.


title: Supersaurus

text: Supersaurus was a sauropod dinosaur, a relative of "Diplodocus". It was found in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Colorado in 1972.


title: Driver

text: A driver is a person who controls a vehicle. A driver may be a job such as a bus driver or a hobby such as a race car driver.


title: Supersaurus

text: In most respects, "Supersaurus" is similar in to "Apatosaurus", but it is less robustly built. It has elongated cervical vertebrae, resulting in one of the longest known sauropod necks. It was up to 33 to 34 meters (108 to 112 ft) in length, and a weight of 35 to 40 tons.


title: Supersaurus

text: A new and much more complete specimen of "Supersaurus", nicknamed 'Jimbo', WDC DMJ-021, was found in Converse County, Wyoming in 1996. It is currently being prepared and was described in 2007. Its bones are held at the Wyoming Dinosaur Center.


title: Jimi Hendrix Experience

text: The Jimi Hendrix Experience was an American-English rock band that formed in London, England, in 1966. The band was made up of singer, songwriter, and guitarist Jimi Hendrix, drummer Mitch Mitchell, and bassist Noel Redding.


title: Jimi Hendrix Experience

text: They were highly influential in popularizing hard and psychedelic rock. All of the band's albums, "Are You Experienced" (1967), "" (1967), and "Electric Ladyland" (1968), were featured in the top 100 of "Rolling Stone"'s list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.


title: Illegal immigration

text: An illegal immigrant is an immigrant who lives in a country without permission or in a way that is not allowed, or illegal. Millions of people around the world live in another country against the laws of that country.


title: X64

text: x86-64 is the general name of a series of 64-bit processors and their associated instruction set architecture. These processors are compatible with legacy x86 software.


title: Illegal immigration

text: Many of these people migrate to a country in secret. Many others come to the country legally as a visitor, then stay in the country when they should legally going home. Some work illegally and live in bad conditions. They usually move for similar reasons as other immigrants, but they do not legally have the right to be there.


title: X64

text: AMD and Intel are the major manufacturers, and VIA also supported it with VIA Nano processors. They call their own 64-bit processors AMD64, Intel64 and VIA x86-64 processors, respectively. Game consoles such as Microsoft Xbox One and Sony PlayStation 4 use their own semi-customized AMD64-based APU as main processors.


title: Illegal immigration

text: Thousands of immigrants illegally enter the United States each year, many crossing the Mexican border. In general, they are opposed by the Republican Party, which generally wishes to deport them, while in general Democrats want to help give illegal immigrants legal status. In 2016, Donald Trump ran on a bid to build a wall on the Mexican-American border to prevent further illegal immigration. He became president in 2017, but the building of the border barrier was halted in 2021 when Joe Biden replaced Trump as president.


title: X64

text: x64 is another name used to refer to 64-bit extended systems based on this kind of processors. People often use "x64" to refer to its associated instruction set architecture and processor.


title: Vegeta

text: Vegeta also known as Prince Vegeta IV is a fictional character from the manga Dragon Ball created by Akira Toriyama , where he is firstly introduced as an antagonist alongside his companion Nappa for Goku.


title: Vegeta

text: Later in the story he became an ally for Goku and his friends, even if he develops a friendly rivalry with Goku.


title: Vegeta

text: His popularity is only second to Goku himself. Due to his popularity he appareaes in Dragon Ball Z , Dragon Ball GT and Dragon Ball Super.


title: Fishing lure

text: A fishing lure is an object used to catch fish. It is tied to the end of a fishing line. A fishing lure is made to look like something a fish would eat. They move in a special way and have certain colors. Lures have fishing hooks attached to them.


title: Fishing lure

text: They are usually used with a fishing rod. When a lure is used, it is cast, or thrown, out into the water and pulled back in. A good fisherman can cast the lure into places where the fish hide, like under logs.


title: Fishing lure

text: There are many types of fishing lures. Most of them are made to look like dying, injured, or fast fish. They can be made of wood, plastic, rubber, metal, cork, feathers, animal hair, and other things. Some are shiny so that they catch the fish's attention.


title: Fishing lure

text: Fishing lures can come in many different types such as a jig or a popper. A jig will usually have a weight attached to it so it can float at the right height. A popper is a lure used to attract trout and bass. A popper has a colorful design in the front to attract fish. Fishing lures can be very expensive as some are sold for thousands of dollars.


title: Fishing lure

text: The fishing lure was invented in 1890 by a man named James Heddon. He created the fishing lure by accident by taking a big piece of wood and carving a frog shape into it and taking the lure and attaching it to his line. Then he threw it in the water and immediately caught a bass. The next day he started a company called the Heddon Company and the era of the fishing lure was born.


title: Matt Gaetz

text: Matthew Louis Gaetz II (; born May 7, 1982) is an American lawyer and politician. He is the U.S. representative for since 2017. He is a member of the Republican Party. He is known as a strict Trump supporter.


title: Matt Gaetz

text: In March 2021, Gaetz was being investigated for having a sexual relationship with a 17-year-old girl in 2019, and that investigators were examining whether he had violated federal sex trafficking laws by allegedly paying her to travel with him.


title: Matt Gaetz

text: On March 30, 2021, "Axios" reported that Gaetz was "seriously considering not seeking re-election and possibly leaving Congress early for a job at Newsmax".


title: Cuban music

text: Cuban music comes from the Caribbean island of Cuba. Cuba has developed a wide range of musical styles, which draw on its cultural origins in Europe and Africa. Cuba's music has been hugely popular and influential throughout the world. It has been perhaps the most popular form of world music since the introduction of recording technology.


title: Cuban music

text: The music of Cuba, including the instruments and the dances, is mostly of European (Spanish) and African origin. Most forms of the present day are fusions and mixtures of these two great sources. The original inhabitants of Cuba died out, and little remains of their traditions.


title: Cuban music

text: Large numbers of African slaves and European (mostly Spanish) immigrants came to Cuba and brought their own forms of music to the island. European dances and folk musics included the zapateo, the fandango, the paso doble, the minuet, the gavotte, the contradanza, and the waltz appeared among the urban whites.


title: Cuban music

text: The African slaves and their descendants made many percussion instruments and preserved rhythms they had known in their homeland. The most important instruments were the drums. Also important are the claves, two short hardwood batons, and the cajón, a wooden box, originally made from crates. Claves are still used often, and cajons ("cajones") were used widely during periods when the drum was banned.


title: Cuban music

text: The great instrumental contribution of the Spanish was their guitar, but even more important was the tradition of European musical notation and techniques of musical composition.


title: Cuban music

text: Fernando Ortíz described Cuba's musical innovations as arising from the interplay between African slaves settled on large sugar plantations and Spanish or Canary Islanders who grew tobacco on small farms.


title: Cuban music

text: The African beliefs and practices certainly influenced Cuba's music. Polyrhythmic percussion is an inherent part of African life & music, as melody is part of European music. Also typical is syncopation, which is heard in the "cinquillo", a basic rhythm of the habanera, the danzón, the Argentine tango and other dances.


title: Cuban music

text: Also, in African tradition, percussion is joined to song and dance, and to a particular social setting. It is not simply entertainment added to life, it "is" life. The result of the meeting of European and African cultures is that most Cuban popular music is creolized (fused). This creolization of Cuban life has been happening for a long time, and by the 20th century, elements of African belief, music and dance were well integrated into popular and folk forms.


title: Cuban music

text: Cuban music has been immensely influential in other countries, contributing not only to the development of jazz and salsa, but also to Argentinian tango, Ghanaian highlife, West African afrobeat, and Spanish Nuevo flamenco.


title: Cuban music

text: The Cathedrals of the old capital, Santiago de Cuba, and Havana, both employed fine musicians and choir-masters. They composed, taught and directed. This helped the development of all kinds of music. In the 19th century, Manuel Saumell (1818–1870), was the father of Cuban criole musical development. He helped transform the European contradanza by adding African rhythmical elements, and had a hand in the habanera, and the danzon, two typically Cuban dance forms.


title: Cuban music

text: During the middle years of the 19th century, a young American musician came to Havana: Louis Moreau Gottschalk (1829–1869), whose father was a Jewish businessman from London, and his mother a white creole of French Catholic background. Gottschalk was brought up mostly by his black grandmother and nurse Sally, both from Dominique. He was a piano prodigy who had listened to the music and seen the dancing in Congo Square, New Orleans from childhood. His period in Cuba lasted from 1853 to 1862, with visits to Puerto Rico and Martinique squeezed in. He composed many famous pieces which were genuinely Cuban, as they drew on traditions of both whites and blacks.


title: Cuban music

text: In February 1860 Gottschalk produced a huge work "La nuit des tropiques" in Havana. The work used about 250 musicians and a choir of 200 singers plus a drum group from Santiago de Cuba. He produced another huge concert the following year, with new material. These shows probably dwarfed anything seen in the island before or since, and no doubt were unforgettable for those who attended.


title: Cuban music

text: It was Ignacio Cervantes (1847–1905), who was probably most influenced by Gottschalk. Trained in Paris, he did much to assert a sense of Cuban musical nationalism in his compositions. Aaron Copland once referred to him as a "Cuban Chopin" because of his Chopinesque piano compositions. Cervantes' reputation today rests almost solely upon his famous forty-one "Danzas Cubanas", of which Carpentier said "occupy the place that the "Norwegian Dances" of Grieg or the "Slavic Dances" of Dvořák occupy in the musics of their respective countries".


title: Cuban music

text: From the 18th century to modern times, popular theatrical formats used, and gave rise to, music and dance. In addition to staging some European operas and operettas, Cuban composers gradually developed ideas which better suited their creole audience. Recorded music was the way for Cuban music to reach the world. The most recorded artist in Cuba up to 1925 was a singer at the "Alhambra", Adolfo Colombo. Records show he recorded about 350 numbers between 1906 and 1917, of which very few survive today.


title: Cuban music

text: The first theatre in Havana opened in 1776. The first Cuban-composed opera appeared in 1807. Musical theater was hugely important in the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. Radio, which began in Cuba in 1922, helped the growth of popular music because it provided publicity and a new source of income for the artists.


title: Cuban music

text: Zarzuela is a small-scale light operetta format. Starting off with imported Spanish content, it developed into a running commentary on Cuba's social and political events and problems. A string of front-rank composers, such as Ernesto Lecuona, produced a series of hits for the theatres in Havana. Great stars like the "vedette" Rita Montaner, who could sing, play the piano, dance and act, were the Cuban equivalents of Mistinguett and Josephine Baker in Paris.


title: Cuban music

text: Cuban "Bufo" theatre is a form of comedy, ribald and satirical. It uses stock types that might be found anywhere in the country. Bufo had its origin around 1800–1815: Francisco Covarrubias 'the caricaturist' (1775–1850) was its creator. Gradually, the comic types threw off their European models and became more and more creolized and Cuban. Alongside, the music followed. Slang from slave barracks and poor barrios found its way into lyrics:


title: Cuban music

text: The guaracha is a genre of rapid tempo and with lyrics. It originated in Bufo comic theatre, and during the early 20th century was often played in the brothels of Havana. The lyrics were full of slang, and dwelt on events and people in the news.


title: Cuban music

text: The contradanza is an historically important dance. It arrived in Cuba in the late 18th century from Europe. The contradanza is a communal sequence dance, with the dance figures in a set pattern. The tempo and style of the music was bright and fairly fast. The earliest Cuban composition of a contradanza is "San Pascual bailon", published in 1803. The Cubans developed a number of creolized version, which is an early example of the influence of African tradition in the Caribbean. Most of the musicians were black or mulatto: even early in the 19th century there were many freed slaves and mixed race persons living in Cuban towns.


title: Cuban music

text: The contradanza supplanted the minuet as the most popular dance until from 1842 on, it gave way to the habanera, a quite different style.


title: Cuban music

text: This, the child of the contradanza, was also danced in lines or squares. It was also a brisk form of music and dance which could be in double or triple time. This type of dance was eventually replaced by the danzón, which was, like the habanera, much slower and more sedate.


title: Cuban music

text: The habanera developed out of the contradanza in the early 19th century. Its great novelty was that it was "sung", as well as played and danced. Its development was at least partly due to the influence of French-speaking immigrants. The Haitian revolution of 1791 led to many colonial French and their slaves fleeing to Oriente. The "cinquillo" is one important rhythmical pattern which made its first appearance at this time.


title: Cuban music

text: The dance style of the habanera is slower and more stately than the danza; by the 1840s there were habaneras written, sung and danced in Mexico, Venezuela, Puerto Rico and Spain. Since about 1900 the habanera has been a relic dance; but the music has a period charm, and there are some famous compositions, such as "Tu", versions of which have been recorded many times.


title: Cuban music

text: The waltz ("El vals") arrived in Cuba by 1814. It was the first dance in which couples were not linked by a communal sequence pattern. It was, and still is, danced in 3/4 time with the accent on the first beat. It was originally thought scandalous because couples faced each other, held each other in the 'closed' hold, and, so to speak, ignored the surrounding community. The waltz entered all countries in the Americas. The walz has another characteristic: it is a 'travelling' dance, with couples moving round the arena. In Latin dances, progressive movement of dancers is unusual, but does occur in some.


title: Cuban music

text: A typical dance of the Cuban "campesino" or "guajiro". A dance of pairs, involving tapping of the feet, mostly by the man. Illustrations exist from previous centuries, but the dance is now defunct.


title: Cuban music

text: In the 19th century here grew up in Santiago de Cuba a group of itinerant musicians, troubadors, who moved around earning their living by singing and playing the guitar. They were of great importance as composers, and their songs have been used in all types of Cuban music


title: Cuban music

text: Pepe Sánchez (1856–1918), was the father of the "trova" and the creator of the Cuban bolero. He had no formal training in music. With remarkable natural talent, he composed numbers in his head and never wrote them down. As a result, most of these numbers are now lost for ever, though some two dozen or so survive because friends and disciples transcribed them. He also created advertisement jingles before radio was born. He was the model and teacher for the great trovadores who followed him.


title: Cuban music

text: The first, and one of the longest-lived, was Sindo Garay (1867–1968). He was an outstanding composer of songs, and his best have been sung and recorded many times. Garay was also musically illiterate – in fact, he only taught himself the alphabet at 16 – but in his case not only were scores recorded by others, but there are recordings. He broadcast on radio, made recordings and survived into modern times. He used to say "Not many men have shaken hands with both José Martí and Fidel Castro!"


title: Cuban music

text: Chicho Ibáñez (1875–1981) was even longer-lived than Garay. Ibáñez was the first trovador to specialize in the Cuban "son"; he also sung guaguancos and pieces from the abakuá (a black secret society).


title: Cuban music

text: Many of the early trovadores, such as Manuel Corona (who worked in a brothel area of Havana), composed and sung guarachas as a balance for the slower boleros.


title: Cuban music

text: This is a song and dance form quite different from its Spanish namesake. It originated in the last quarter of the 19th century with the founder of the traditional trova, Pepe Sánchez. He wrote the first bolero, "Tristezas", which is still sung today. The bolero has always been a staple part of the trova muusician's repertoire. The bolero proved to be exceptionally adaptable, and led to many variants. Typical was the introduction of syncopation, leading to the bolero-son, bolero-mambo and bolero-cha. The bolero-son became for several decades the most popular rhythm for dancing in Cuba, and it was this rhythm that the international dance community picked up and taught as the wrongly-named 'rumba'.


title: Cuban music

text: The European influence on Cuba's later musical development is represented by danzón, an elegant musical form that was once the most popular music in Cuba. It is a descendent of the creollized Cuban contradanza. The danzón marks the change which took place from the communal sequence dance style of the late eighteenth century to the couple dances of later times. The stimulus for this was the success of the once-scandalous walz, where couples danced facing each other and independently from other couples, not as part of a pre-set structure. The danzón was the first Cuban dance to adopt such methods, though there is a difference between the two dances. The walz is a progressive ballroom dance where couples move round the floor in an anti-clockwise direction; the danzón is a 'pocket-handkerchief' dance where a couple stays within a small area of the floor.


title: Cuban music

text: The danzón was exported to popular acclaim throughout Latin America, especially Mexico. It is now a relic, both in music and in dance, but its highly orchestrated descendents live on.


title: Cuban music

text: The "son", said Cristóbal Díaz, is the most important genre of Cuban music, and the least studied. It can fairly be said that "son" is to Cuba what the tango is to Argentina, or the samba to Brazil. In addition, it is perhaps the most flexible of all forms of Latin-American music. Its great strength is its fusion between European and African musical traditions. Its most characteristic instruments are the Cuban guitar known as the "tres", and the well-known double-headed "bongó"; these are present from the start to the present day. Also typical are the claves, the Spanish guitar, the double bass, and early on, the cornet or trumpet and finally the piano.


title: Cuban music

text: The "son" arose in Oriente, the eastern part of the island, merging the Spanish guitar and lyrical traditions with African percussion and rhythms. We now know that its history as a distinct form is relatively recent. There is no evidence that it goes back further than the end of the nineteenth century. It moved from Oriente to Havana in about 1909, carried by members of the "Permanente" (the Army), who were sent out of their areas of origin as a matter of policy. The first recordings were in 1918.


title: Cuban music

text: In addition, the son has again and again changed the older danzón to make it more syncopated and creole in style, starting in 1910 through the danzón-mambo and the cha-cha-cha to complex modern arrangements which are almost impossible to categorize.


title: Cuban music

text: The son varies widely today, with the defining characteristic a syncopated bass pulse that comes before the downbeat, giving son its distinctive rhythm; this is known as the "anticipated bass".


title: Cuban music

text: The history of jazz in Cuba was obscured for many years; however it has become clear that its history in Cuba is virtually as long as its history in the USA.


title: Cuban music

text: Much more is now known about early Cuban jazz bands, though a full assessment is plagued by the lack of recordings. Migrations and visits to and from the USA and the mutual exchange of recordings and sheet music kept musicians in the two countries in touch. In the first part of the 20th century there were close relations between musicians in Cuba and those in New Orleans. The orchestra leader in the famous Tropicana Club, Armando Romeu Jr, was a leading figure in the post-WWII development of Cuban jazz. The phenomenon of cubop, and jam sessions in Havana and New York, created genuine fusions which still influence musicians today.


title: Cuban music

text: World-wide interest in Cuban music was rekindled by a remarkable CD album entitled the "Buena Vista Social Club". An American guitarist, Ry Cooder, a British music producer, Nick Gold, and a Cuban musician, Juan Marcos Gonzáles, worked together on a new venture. They put together a group, mostly of older Cuban musicians, with the idea of recreating the Cuban music of the golden era of the 1950s. The first album, released in 1997, became a huge hit, selling over five million copies, and winning a Grammy in 1998. In 2003 it was listed by "Rolling Stone" magazine as #260 in their list of "The 500 Greatest Hits of All Time". A dozen more CDs have followed the first one, mostly issued by "Nonesuch Records" or "World Circuit".


title: Cuban music

text: A documentary movie, "Buena Vista Social Club", directed by Wim Wenders, was released in 1999. It grossed $23 million worldwide by 2007. A younger generation had discovered why Cuban music was so popular.


title: All-female band

text: The all female band is a musical group made exclusively of female musicians. Such groups include the Go-Go's, Bangles, The Andrews Sisters, The Runaways and 4 Non Blondes.


title: Elmer McCurdy

text: Elmer J. McCurdy (January 1, 1880 – October 7, 1911) was an American bank and train robber. He was killed in a shoot-out with police after robbing a train in Oklahoma in October 1911.


title: Elmer McCurdy

text: He was known as "The Bandit Who Wouldn't Give Up". His mummified body was first put on display at an Oklahoma funeral home and then became an attraction on a carnival and sideshow circuit during the 1920s through the 1960s.


title: Elmer McCurdy

text: After changing ownership several times, McCurdy's remains are currently up at The Pike amusement zone in Long Beach, California.


title: Elmer McCurdy

text: On December 8, 1976, the production crew of the television show "The Six Million Dollar Man" were filming scenes for the "Carnival of Spies" episode at The Pike. During the shoot, a prop man moved what was thought to be a wax mannequin that was hanging from the set. When the mannequin's arm broke off, a human bone and muscle tissue were seen. The body was identified to be the mummified corpse of McCurdy a few weeks later.


title: Rula Lenska

text: Rula Lenska (born Róża Maria Leopoldyna Łubieńska, 30 September 1947) is a British actress. She has mostly appeared in British stage and television productions, but is known in the United States for a series of commercials for Alberto VO5 hairspray in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Her first husband was actor Brian Deacon (his first wife, 1977–1987) and her second husband was actor Dennis Waterman (his third wife, 1987–1998). In recent years, she has become known for her role as Claudia Colby in the long-running ITV soap opera "Coronation Street" (2009–2011, 2018–present). In 2002, she appeared as Krystal in four episodes of the BBC soap opera "EastEnders".


title: Alexis Kennedy

text: Alexis Kennedy (born 1972) is a British video game developer and writer. He makes independent or 'indie' games. Indie games are not made by big companies, but small groups of people. He made the indie games company Failbetter Games in 2009, and was its CEO until 2016. In 2017, he made a new company called Weather Factory. Kennedy's games are known for being different to most video games. He refers to them as "weird" and "experimental", meaning they have new ideas and work differently to other games.


title: Rula Lenska

text: Lenska was born in the village of Diddington, near St Neots, Huntingdonshire, Cambridgeshire, The East of England. She is of Polish descent.


title: Alexis Kennedy

text: In 2009, Kennedy made a game called "Fallen London". "Fallen London" is set in a world where Victorian England was different to the real world. In the game, the city of London was taken down under the ground by strange bats and put in an underground world called the Neath, where it is always nighttime. "Fallen London" has been called a horror game. It has also been compared to Romanticism, a style of art from the 19th century about feelings, imagination, and freedom.


title: Alexis Kennedy

text: "Fallen London" is a browser game. People play browser games in their web browser, rather than downloading it on their computer or buying it from a store. In 2020, in a quote from his book "Sex, Lies, and Videogames" (which was not yet published), Kennedy said the game was meant to be a different kind of game like them. He wanted to do something different, but still be a browser game.


title: Alexis Kennedy

text: Many people liked "Fallen London". Gaming journalists gave it good reviews. Some of them liked it so much they gave it awards.


title: Alexis Kennedy

text: Because so many people liked "Fallen London", Kennedy and his company Failbetter Games decided to make a new game set in the Neath. The game, "Sunless Sea", came out in 2015.


title: Alexis Kennedy

text: "Sunless Sea" is set in the Unterzee, the name for the ocean in the Neath. The player plays a sea captain who sails (called 'zailing' in the game) the Unterzee. They might 'zail' to make money, to become famous, or for more personal reasons, such as in memory of their dead father. "Sunless Sea" is a computer role-playing game, but it also has some parts from other kinds of games. For instance, it has the roguelike traits that you need to make a new character if you die, and you need to keep track of your food and fuel.


title: Alexis Kennedy

text: Like "Fallen London", "Sunless Sea" was very well liked. It got the last perfect 10/10 rating from the video game magazine "Eurogamer". It also sold many copies. In 2018, Kennedy said it had sold 350,000 copies.


title: Alexis Kennedy

text: In 2016, Kennedy decided to leave Failbetter Games, the company he made "Fallen London" and "Sunless Sea" with. He made a new company, Weather Factory, to make new games. These games were not set in the Neath. However, they still had a lot in common with his old games.


title: Alexis Kennedy

text: The first game Weather Factory made was called "Cultist Simulator". It came out in 2018. The player character in "Cultist Simulator" is someone who studies the occult, which is secret spiritual ideas about the way the world works. They want to make a cult of followers who can help them become more powerful. They need to do this while making sure they do not die, go to prison, or go insane.


title: Alexis Kennedy

text: Like the other games, "Cultist Simulator" had good reviews. A lot of people compared it to stories by H.P. Lovecraft, a man who wrote strange stories about horror, madness, and cults.


title: Alexis Kennedy

text: Weather Factory is making another game called "Book of Hours" about an occult librarian. "Book of Hours" will come out in 2023.


title: Alexis Kennedy

text: When Kennedy started to make games, his ex-wife was pregnant and his daughter was going to be born. He decided to start making games because he was worried he wouldn't ever do it if he didn't start then. Before making games, he was a teacher. When Kennedy was a child, his father died, and when he was a young adult, his brother died. He has said these deaths are a part of why he writes the things he does.


title: Alexis Kennedy

text: In 2019, some people accused Kennedy of sexual harassment. They said he dated some women who worked at Failbetter Games, and that he was mean to those women and hurt them. Kennedy said that the people saying these things were wrong, and that they were hurting him.


title: Pichal Peri

text: In the Indian-Pakistani folklores, it has two forms, one is of a witch who is very dark, ugly and scary, and another is of a beautiful woman who targets vulnerable men passing through the woods after the dark; they appear and vanish after a while, leaving a fearful experience to the victims. Whereas, some other claims also assert they attack and kill human beings, to eat their livers. Some people say they have seen this creature in reality and have somehow escaped. According to them, it has long hair and long teeth and feet that are reversed (with heel in front and toes turned back).


title: WWE Raw Women's Championship

text: The WWE Raw Women's Championship is a wrestling championship in WWE competed for by women of the "Raw" brand. It was created on April 3, 2016 at WrestleMania 32 and was originally called the WWE Women's Championship. However, this title does not share the title history of the original Women's Championship. It replaced the WWE Divas Championship as the women title in WWE.


title: Georgia's 14th congressional district

text: Georgia's 14th congressional district was created after the 2010 Census, when Georgia gained a 14th seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. Republican Marjorie Taylor Greene has been the representative since 2021.


title: WWE Raw Women's Championship

text: At WrestleMania 32 on April 3, 2016, Lita announced that a new WWE Women's Championship would be created. In the process, the Divas Championship would be retired. Later in the night, the Divas Champion Charlotte beat Becky Lynch and Sasha Banks to win the new Women's Championship.


title: Georgia's 14th congressional district

text: The district was made from some of the old 9th and 11th districts after the 112th Congress, based on the 2010 census.


title: WWE Raw Women's Championship

text: The title shared its name with the original Women's Championship. However, the new title does not share the same title history as the original. The first Women's Championship was unified with the Divas Championship in 2010. As result, they combined their lineage and history.


title: WWE Raw Women's Championship

text: In the draft that took place on July 19, 2016, Charlotte was drafted to "Raw" and the title was called "WWE Raw Women's Championship".


title: WikiLeaks

text: WikiLeaks is a non-profit organization which uses its website to publish governmental, private data, corporate or religious documents that had previously been secret. The website was started in 2006, and had over 1.2 million documents in its database by the time one year had passed. Usually, it does not give out the names and addresses of people who post documents. The site is based in Sweden. Though its name is similar to Wikipedia, it is not related to Wikipedia or the Wikimedia Foundation. The name was chosen because WikiLeaks used a wiki model at first, where people could edit the site, but it has since changed and is no longer open for editing.


title: WikiLeaks

text: In July 2010, WikiLeaks was in the news for publishing over 76,900 documents related to the War in Afghanistan. In October that same year, WikiLeaks posted almost 400,000 documents that were about the War in Iraq.


title: WikiLeaks

text: This was the largest ever leak of documents about the US Army. It reported mainly on deaths of civilians, soldiers, and sightings of homemade bombs or armed civilians.


title: WikiLeaks

text: On 28 November 2010, WikiLeaks and five major newspapers - from Spain ("El País"), France ("Le Monde"), Germany ("Der Spiegel"), the United Kingdom ("The Guardian"), and the United States ("The New York Times") - all began to publish the first 291 of 251,287 confidential diplomatic cables from 274 embassies dated from 1966–2010. WikiLeaks plans to release all of the cables in phases over several months.


title: WikiLeaks

text: This leak was widely covered by the international media, as many of the leaks contained information that affected countries other than the United States. Some leaks were published by other news organizations like Fairfax Media. White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs said that an "open and transparent government is something that the President believes is truly important. But the stealing of classified information and its dissemination is a crime".


title: WikiLeaks

text: In August 2016, WikiLeaks posted more than 20,000 emails from the Democratic National Committee (DNC) that showed they tried to undermine Bernie Sanders.


title: Cristina Fernández de Kirchner

text: Cristina Elisabet Fernández de Kirchner (February 19, 1953), also called Cristina Fernández, CFK or Cristina Kirchner, is an Argentine attorney and politician. She has been the Vice President of Argentina since 2019. She was the President of Argentina from 2007 to 2015. She was born in La Plata, Buenos Aires Province. She is the daughter of Eduardo Fernandez ( of Spanish descent) a bus driver, and Ofelia Esther Wilhelm (of German descent). She is a lawyer and she was married to former Argentinian president Néstor Kirchner from 1975 until his death in 2010.


title: Cristina Fernández de Kirchner

text: On 30 September 2020, the federal criminal cassation court confirmed the corruption trials of Fernández de Kirchner, ruling the former president's objections to be inadmissible. After analyzing the claims of the defendants in the case for the never-ratified Memorandum with Iran, on 7 October 2021, the Federal Oral Court 8 declared the case null and void. The judges concluded that there was no crime in the signing of the agreement with Iran, and declared a judicial dismissal of Cristina Kirchner and the other defendants. On 6 December 2022, she was sentenced to six years in prison and a lifetime ban from holding public office for corruption, and has stated her intention to appeal the verdict.


title: Cristina Fernández de Kirchner

text: On September 1, 2022, after 9:00 p.m., the Brazilian Fernando Andres Sabag Montiel attempted to assassinate Cristina Kirchner outside her home in the Recoleta neighborhood. He pointed a 380-caliber Bersa pistol at his head and fired the shot but the bullet did not come out, and he was subdued by security personnel. The Vice President of Argentina was unharmed. It happened when she was returning to her home and signing books.


title: Erich Maria Remarque

text: Erich Maria Remarque (22 June 1898 – 25 September 1970) was the pseudonym of Erich Paul Remark, a German author.


title: Erich Maria Remarque

text: Erich Paul Remark was born in Osnabrück. His parents were of the working-class. The family was Roman Catholic. When he was eighteen, he had to go to war. The Army sent him the front lines of World War I. He was wounded there, by stray shell fragments. After the war, he changed his last name to "Remarque". This had been the family-name until his grandfather's time. He worked at a number of different jobs. He also took the jobs of librarian, businessman, teacher, journalist and editor, at some time.


title: Erich Maria Remarque

text: In 1929, Remarque published his most famous work, "All Quiet on the Western Front" ("Im Westen nichts Neues") under the name "Erich Maria Remarque". He Changed his middle name to honour his mother. The novel described the utter cruelty of the war from the perspective of a twenty-year-old soldier. A number of similar works followed; in simple, emotive language they realistically described wartime and the postwar years. An opposite view is found in "Storm of Steel" ("In Stahlgewittern") by Ernst Jünger.


title: Erich Maria Remarque

text: In 1933, the Nazis banned and burned Remarque's works. They made propaganda materials. In the materials, they said that he was a descendant of French Jews and that his real last name was Kramer, his original name spelled backwards. This is still listed in some biographies despite the complete lack of proof. He had been living in Switzerland since 1931, and in 1939 he emigrated to the United States of America with his first wife, Ilsa Jeanne Zamboui, whom he married and divorced twice, and they became naturalized citizens of the United States in 1947. In 1948 he went to Switzerland, where he spent the rest of his life. He married the Hollywood actress Paulette Goddard in 1958. He was married to her until his death in 1970, at age 72. He is buried in the Ronco cemetery in Ronco, Ticino, Switzerland. Goddard is also buried there. Goddard left $20m to New York University to fund an institute for European study which is named after Remarque.


title: Lamiaceae

text: Lamiaceae or Labiatae, also known as the mint family, is a family of plants. It includes about 210 genera and about 3,500 species. It has been considered closely related to Verbenaceae but 1990s phylogenetic studies have shown that a lot of the genera classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae, whereas the core genera of Verbenaceae are not closely related to Lamiaceae and are more closely related to other members of the Lamiales.


title: Earwig

text: Earwigs is the name given to a group of insects (called "Dermaptera"). They are characterized by wings they can fold under short, leather-like forewings. There are about 1800 species of earwigs. They do not seem to spread any disease, or harm humans in any way. Most of them are 10-14mm long, but some species can reach 80mm. Most earwigs are omnivores as they also eat some insect larvae.


title: Earwig

text: All earwigs are insects. All earwigs have three body parts, head, thorax, and abdomen. Earwigs are about the same size as a peanut.


title: Earwig

text: Earwigs are dark brown, red, or black. Earwigs use their antennae for smelling and feeling. Their antennae are attached to their head. All earwigs look a little flat. Earwigs have thin back wings that are covered by thick forewings. They don’t fly often. Some earwigs have stripes on the thorax and abdomen.


title: Earwig

text: Male earwigs have curved cerci(which are little pinchers to grab food) and females have straight cerci on their abdomen. Sometimes, male earwigs use their cerci (little pinchers to grab food) to fight other males. Earwigs are known for having a foul smell.


title: Earwig

text: Earwigs usually live in damp, shady places such as under leaves or in fallen trees. Earwigs can also be found in your home, mostly in basements or bathrooms, where there are damp and shady places.


title: Earwig

text: All earwigs eat plants. Earwigs eat pollen out from flowers. Sometimes, earwigs will eat fruit such as apples. When they live in houses they eat some of our pests like spiders and flies. Only some times they can get honey to eat. On trees you might find them eating moss or fungi.


title: Judah

text: The Kingdom of Judah was an ancient Jewish kingdom that existed in the southern part of the Levant. It was on the western shore of the Dead Sea. Its main cities were Jerusalem and Hebron. It existed from the 9th or 8th century BC, up until 586 BC.


title: Judah

text: After the death of Saul, Israel picked David to rule them. (1 Chronicles 11:1) After the death of King Solomon, son of David, ten of the twelve of the tribes of Israel did not want Solomon's son, Rehoboam to lead them. This caused the kingdom to split the Northern Kingdom, the Kingdom of Israel and the Southern Kingdom, the Kingdom of Judah. Jerusalem was the capital of the Kingdom of Judah.


title: Shirley MacLaine

text: Shirley MacLaine (born April 24, 1934) is an American movie and theatre actress. She is famous for her acting as well as her strong belief in reincarnation. She is the writer of a many autobiographical works, some about her New Age beliefs, as well as her Hollywood career. She is the older sister of Warren Beatty. She won the Academy Award for "Best Actress" in 1983, and has also received many other awards, including the Emmy, Golden Globe and BAFTA Awards.


title: Álvaro Arbeloa

text: Álvaro Arbeloa Coca (born 17 January 1983) is a retired Spanish footballer player. He has played for Real Madrid, Liverpool, and the Spanish national team.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Vice City

text: Grand Theft Auto: Vice City is a video game made by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It was released in 2002, for the PlayStation 2 and for personal computers. It is part of the "Grand Theft Auto" series of video games. It takes place in the 1980's in a fictional place called Vice City. This fictional city is based on the real-life city called Miami which is in Florida.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Vice City

text: "Grand Theft Auto: Vice City" is an action-adventure game played from a third-person view. The player controls criminal Tommy Vercetti and completes missions to progress through the story. Players can freely walk around the game's open world and can complete side missions too. Vice City has two main islands and some smaller islands. The islands are unlocked for the player as the story progresses.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Vice City

text: The player can run, jump, and drive vehicles. The player uses melee attacks, firearms and explosives to fight enemies.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Vice City

text: During the story, Tommy meets different gangs. As the player completes missions for different gangs, some gang members will defend the player and some rival gang members will see the player and shoot them.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Vice City

text: As Tommy builds his criminal empire, the player can buy a number of buildings in the city, some are where weapons can be collected and vehicles can be stored. There are also businesses which can be purchased.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Vice City

text: Each building has a number of missions, once all missions are complete, the building begins to generate an ongoing income for the player.


title: Whey

text: Whey is a watery liquid that comes out of milk when it has been curdled and strained. It is also called milk plasma. It is a by-product of cheese making. "Sweet whey" is made during the making of rennet types of hard cheese like Cheddar or Swiss. "Acid whey" (also known as "sour whey") is made during the making of acid types of cheese such as cottage cheese. Whey also forms as a liquid on the top of yoghurt.


title: Flag of Slovenia

text: The national flag of Slovenia has three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red, with the Slovenian coat of arms on the upper left side of the flag centered in the white and blue bands. The coat of arms is a shield with the image of Mount Triglav, Slovenia's highest mountain, in white against a blue background; below it are two blue lines that stand for the Adriatic Sea and local rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an triangle which are taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje, an important Slovenian family.


title: Whey

text: Whey can be used to make whey cheeses like ricotta. It can be added to processed foods like bread, pastry or crackers. It can also be used to feed animals.


title: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

text: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an Internet communication protocol used to send and relay an email message between email servers. It is not used to retrieve email messages from a server. Instead either IMAP or POP is used to retrieve email messages.


title: Urban legend

text: An urban legend is an often circulated story that is not necessarily based on truth, but merely conjecture and rumor. However, there may or may not be a grain of truth from which the story originated.


title: Urban legend

text: The Internet has made it easier for urban legends to spread, as people often spread them to their friends or family using e-mail. As a result, some websites such as Snopes.com and TruthOrFiction.com, among others, have been made that look at urban legends and try to see whether or not they are true.


title: Urban legend

text: An example of an urban legend is a report that years after the defeat of St Clair in 1791 at Ft Recovery Mercer Country Ohio - a skeleton of a Captain Roger Vanderberg was found in Miami County Ohio inside a tree along with a diary; in fact no one of this name was a casualty of the 1791 battle - it was a story that orginated in 1864 from a Scottish novel! Another example of a urban legend is a young woman and her mother going to visit the Paris Exposition; the mother falls ill, the daughter rushes off to get help only to find her mother gone! The woman either goes insane or is told the truth-her mother had the plague which was the reason for the coverup. This became the premise of a 1950s movie "So Long at the Fair". In fact the basis for the legend was a story in 1897 in a Philadelphia newspaper...and no other sources in fact!


title: Urban legend

text: Other urban legends concern the Chase Burial Vault in Barbadoes although the lone account has no other basis in fact. Another urban legend concerns organized crime: In New York city at the turn of the century there was a "Murder Stable" where criminals killed one another. In fact, the report was exaggerated. Allegedly, an unknown killer named "Shotgun Man" committed dozens of murders with a shotgun in Chicago, Illinois after the turn of the century between 1910 and 1911 - although a check of a database of Chicago murders from that time period shows only one shotgun killings between 1900 and 1920.


title: Asheville, North Carolina

text: Asheville is the county seat of Buncombe County, North Carolina. It is located where the Swannanoa River and the French Broad River meet. The population of Asheville was counted in 2000 as 74,543 and 83,393 in 2010. Asheville is the largest city in the North Carolina mountains.


title: Gibbs free energy

text: Gibbs free energy is the available energy in a chemical reaction. It was calculated by Josiah Willard Gibbs.


title: Surjective function

text: In mathematics, a surjective or onto function is a function "f" : "A" → "B" with the following property. For every element "b" in the codomain "B", there is at least one element "a" in the domain "A" such that "f"("a")="b". This means that no element in the codomain is unmapped, and that the range and codomain of "f" are the same set.


title: Gibbs free energy

text: Systems have a tendency to achieve as low of a free energy state as possible. The Gibbs free energy number is how far away the current system is from this state. It is analogous to a number line, with zero being the final state. Scientists use Gibbs free energy to determine the energy in a system that can be used. A negative Gibbs number indicates that you can get energy out of the reaction. It is a favorable reaction, which means that the chemical reaction "wants" to move towards its lower state. A positive Gibbs number shows that you must put energy in to get energy out.


title: Surjective function

text: The term "surjection" and the related terms "injection" and "bijection" were introduced by the group of mathematicians that called itself . In the 1930s, this group of mathematicians published a series of books on modern advanced mathematics. The French prefix "sur" means "above" or "onto" and was chosen since a surjective function maps its domain on to its codomain.


title: Gibbs free energy

text: An example can be seen in respiration. The Gibbs value of one mole of glucose -686kcal. This means that we can get 686 kcal of energy from one mole of glucose. This means if we put in energy in respiration, we can theoretically get 686 kcal out of the mole of glucose.


title: Surjective function

text: where the element formula_4 is called the image of the element formula_5, and the element formula_5 a pre-image of the element formula_4.


title: Surjective function

text: A pre-image does "not" have to be unique. In the top image, both {X} and {Y} are pre-images of the element {1}. It is only important that there be at least one pre-image.


title: Surjective function

text: Let "f"("x"):ℝ→ℝ be a real-valued function "y"="f"("x") of a real-valued argument "x". (This means both the input and output are numbers.)


title: Surjective function

text: In mathematics, we can find exact (analytic) roots only of polynomials of first, second (and third) degree. We find roots of all other functions approximately (numerically). This means a formal proof of surjectivity is rarely direct. So the discussions below are informal.


title: Surjective function

text: Example: The linear function of a slanted line is "onto". That is, "y"="ax"+"b" where "a"≠0 is a surjection. (It is also an injection and thus a bijection.)


title: Surjective function

text: Example: The quadratic function "f"("x") = "x" is not a surjection. There is no "x" such that "x" = −1. The range of "x"² is <nowiki>[0,+∞) </nowiki>, that is, the set of non-negative numbers. (Also, this function is not an injection.)


title: Surjective function

text: Note: One can make a non-surjective function into a surjection by "restricting" its codomain to elements of its range. For example, the "new" function, "f"("x"):ℝ → [0,+∞) where "f"("x") = "x" is a surjective function. (This is not the same as the restriction of a function which restricts the domain!)


title: Surjective function

text: Example: The exponential function "f"("x") = 10 is not a surjection. The range of "10" is (0,+∞), that is, the set of positive numbers. (This function is an injection.)


title: Surjective function

text: Example: The logarithmic function base 10 "f"("x"):<nowiki>(0,+∞)</nowiki>→ℝ defined by "f"("x")=log("x") or "y"=log("x") is a surjection (and an injection). (This is the inverse function of 10.)


title: Surjective function

text: Example: The function "f"(("x","y")):ℝ²→ℝ defined by "z"="y" is a surjection. Its graph is a plane in 3-dimensional space. The pre-image of "z" is the line y="z" in the "x"0"y" plane.


title: Leona Lewis

text: Lewis first became famous when she won a television talent contest in Britain called "The X Factor". When she won "The X Factor" in 2006, Lewis got a £1 million contract to make more music. She then released a song, as part of "The X Factor" contract, called "A Moment Like This" which was the number 1 song in the charts at Christmas after selling 571,253 copies in the shops and on download.


title: Leona Lewis

text: Lewis then released her second song on 22 October 2007 called "Bleeding Love" which was the number 1 song again in Britain, and also reached number 1 in the United States. It sold 218,805 copies in the first week of release. She released her first album called "Spirit" in November 2007. Her second album is "Echo", which was released 9 November 2009.


title: Renaissance architecture

text: This country house was built by Palladio in 1550. It is a square building which looks the same from every side. At the centre, there is a dome. On every side is a large porch, (portico), like a Greek temple. It is such an elegant design that other architects used the same style which can be seen on churches, houses and palaces, including the White House.


title: Hatchback

text: A hatchback is a car body style with a rear door that swings upward to provide access to a cargo area. Indeed, this rear door that opens upwards is a distinguishing feature of all hatchbacks. Most hatchbacks use a two-box design body style, where the cargo area (trunk/boot) and passenger areas are a single unit. The rear seats can often be folded down to increase the available cargo area. The body style has been marketed worldwide on cars ranging in size from superminis to small family cars, as well as executive cars and some sports cars. It is useful for short journeys and for a medium amount of luggage.


title: Zedd

text: Anton Zaslavski (born 2 September 1989), better known by his stage name Zedd, is a Russian-born German DJ, songwriter, and record producer. He was born in Saratov, Russia, and raised in Kaiserslautern, Germany. He is known for remixing the music of other singers while also releasing his own singles.


title: Zedd

text: He released "Clarity" (2013; featuring the singer Foxes), "Stay" (2017; with Alessia Cara), "The Middle" (2018; with Maren Morris and Grey), and was featured on Ariana Grande's song "Break Free" (2014). All of these songs reached the top ten on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in the US. The first song won him a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording.


title: Zedd

text: Zedd collaborated with Lady Gaga on her third studio album, "Artpop". He cites Gaga as an inspiration.


title: Collision

text: A collision occurs when two objects come in contact with each other. All collisions have the same momentum before and after a collision. Examples of collisions include car crashes, bouncing a ball, and playing pool. Collisions are made from two smaller sections called elastic and inelastic collisions.


title: Andrew Cuomo

text: Andrew Mark Cuomo (born December 6, 1957) is an American politician. He was the 56th Governor of New York from 2011 to 2021.


title: Collision

text: In the case of playing pool or bouncing a ball, an elastic collision occurs. An elastic collision generally occurs when an elastic or hard object experiences a collision that bounces off another elastic or hard object, where the kinetic energy and momentum are the same before and after the collision. In an experiment, a small amount of energy will still be lost because of the friction between the surface and the objects.


title: Andrew Cuomo

text: He was 64th New York State Attorney General and the 11th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under Bill Clinton.


title: Collision

text: In the case of a car crash, an inelastic collision occurs. An inelastic collision generally occurs when a soft object experiences a collision that does not result in a bounce. Kinetic energy is lost during this type of collision because the energy is transformed into other forces. The momentum is the same before and after the collision.


title: Andrew Cuomo

text: He was born in Queens. His father Mario Cuomo was also Governor of New York and Andrew worked for him.


title: Collision

text: In the case of a two dimensional collision, the rules in elastic and inelastic collision are still the same, but vectors are used to find the momentum before or after a collision.


title: Andrew Cuomo

text: Cuomo has promoted several policies such as legalizing same-sex marriage, tough laws against guns, allowing businesses not to pay taxes for some time in some parts of the state, continuing the moratorium (delay) on hydraulic fracturing for extracting (taking out) petroleum and natural gas, he started the United States Climate Alliance, a group of states intending to stop climate change by following the terms of the Paris Climate Accords and pro-immigration policies.


title: Collision

text: Duncan, Tom. "Advanced Physics for Hong Kong: Volume 1 Mechanics & Electricity". John Murray Ltd, 1995.


title: Andrew Cuomo

text: He was reelected governor in 2014 and 2018. In 2020, he became well known across the country over his leadership and handling over the COVID-19 pandemic in New York. However, his administration was accused of covering up the actual number of COVID-related deaths in nursing homes.


title: Collision

text: Wai, Loo Kwok. "Longman A-Level Course in Physics: Volume 1". Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd, 2003.


title: Andrew Cuomo

text: From late 2020, many of Cuomo's former secretaries and assistants have accused him of sexual harassment. In August 2021, an investigation found that Cuomo did sexually harass multiple women during his time as governor. On August 10, 2021, Cuomo announced that he would resign as governor. He resigned on August 24 and was replaced by Kathy Hochul, the lieutenant governor of New York.


title: Blake Griffin

text: Blake Austin Griffin (born March 16, 1989) is an American basketball player. He is a power forward for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA).


title: Blake Griffin

text: Griffin played college basketball for two years at the University of Oklahoma, then decided to enter the NBA Draft.


title: Blake Griffin

text: In the 2009 NBA Draft, the Clippers chose him with the first pick. However, Griffin broke a kneecap during the preseason and missed the entire 2009-2010 season. He finally played his first regular season NBA game on October 27, 2010. Griffin scored 20 points and had 14 rebounds, although the Clippers lost to the Portland Trail Blazers, 98-88.


title: Blake Griffin

text: Griffin quickly became known as a hard working player and a good dunker. He was chosen to be in the slam dunk contest during the 2011 NBA All-Star Weekend, and was also chosen to play in the 2011 NBA All-Star Game.


title: Kingsport, Tennessee

text: Kingsport is a city in Hawkins and Sullivan counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee. Most of the city is in Sullivan County. Kingsport is the biggest city in each county but it is not the county seat of either. As of the 2020 census its population was 55,442.


title: Pat Morita

text: Noriyuki "Pat" Morita (June 28, 1932 – November 24, 2005) was an American actor and stand up comedian of Japanese descent. He was born in Isleton, California. He is known for playing Mr. Miyagi in the "Karate Kid" movies. He also appeared in the sitcom "Happy Days". He died of renal failure in Las Vegas, Nevada.


title: Fleur de lys

text: The fleur de lys or fleur de lis (plural: fleurs de lys or fleurs de lis) is a stylized depiction of the lily or the iris. It is decorative and has been used for centuries on flags and on coats of arms.


title: Cabu

text: Jean Cabut (13 January 1938 – 7 January 2015), better known as Cabu, was a French comic strip artist and caricaturist. He was best known for his work on the satirical newspaper "Charlie Hebdo".


title: Kingsport, Tennessee

text: The name is based on "King's Port" which referred to the area around Ross's Landing. It is part of what is known as the "Mountain Empire," which includes a portion of southwest Virginia and the mountainous counties in Tennessee to the east.


title: Cabu

text: Cabu was among the victims who were killed in a shooting at "Charlie Hebdo"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Paris headquarters on 7 January 2015. He was 76.


title: Kingsport, Tennessee

text: Pal's Sudden Service, a regional fast-food restaurant chain, opened its first location in 1956 and is headquartered in Kingsport. In 2001, Pal's Sudden Service, won the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, becoming the first restaurant company to receive the award.


title: Kingsport, Tennessee

text: Kingsport is located at (36.536851, -82.542123) where U.S. highways 11 and 23 meet. Kingsport is also the starting and ending point of Interstate 26.


title: Kingsport, Tennessee

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 45.0 square miles (116.6 km²), of which, 44.1 square miles (114.1 km²) of it is land and 0.9 square miles (2.4 km²) of it (2.07%) is water.


title: Kingsport, Tennessee

text: People who live in Kingsport use the Kingsport City Schools public school system. The system has eight elementary schools, two middle schools, and one high school. Kingsport is also home to eight private academies. The city is also part of Sullivan county which has 2 other high schools in Kingsport.


title: Kingsport, Tennessee

text: While no college or university houses its main campus within the city, Northeast State Community College, East Tennessee State University, and University of Tennessee have branch campuses in Kingsport.


title: Kingsport, Tennessee

text: There are several neighborhoods located within or just outside of Kingsport, offering different ways of living:


title: Kingsport, Tennessee

text: The Kingsport Axman of the Appalachian League, a rookie-level league, play in the city. The team has competed in the city since 1969, with the exception of 1983. The Mets play in Hunter Wright Stadium named after Mayor Hunter Wright. Previously the team was known as the Kingsport Mets. Their name changed in 2020.


title: George Jones

text: George Glenn Jones (September 12, 1931 – April 26, 2013) was an American country music singer known for his long list of hit records, his distinctive voice and phrasing, and his marriage to Tammy Wynette.