title: Rugby sevens

text: It is played under the same rules and on a field of the same dimensions as the 15-player game but a rugby sevens match lasts approximately 15 minutes (7 minutes aside with 1 minute half-time break) but the finals last somewhat more than 20 minutes; each half in a final is ten minutes instead of the normal seven minutes also the game ends when the ball goes of the pitch or points are scored. The point system is similar to rugby union where a Try gets a team 5 points and conversion 2 points with 3 points for penalties and Drop-goals (drop-goals are very uncommon in sevens). Points scoring occurs with much greater regularity in sevens compared to fifteens, since there are more spaces for players to run. Scrums still exist within sevens, composed of just three players from each team. Given the speedy nature of the game, players are usually either from the backline or the trio of loose forwards in fifteens rugby. All sevens players, wether in the forwards or otherwise must be fit,agile,relatively strong and demonstrate a high level of fitness in order to compete at an optimum level. Countries such as New Zealand, Fiji, South Africa, England, and Samoa have very successful sevens teams. Rugby sevens have also been played in the commonwealth games since 1998 where there are only boys teams. New Zealand is ranked as number 1 in the commonwealth games. New Zealand has won 4 gold medals and one silver medal.


title: The Little Mermaid (statue)

text: The statue was the idea of Carl Jacobsen, son of the founder of Carlsberg. He asked ballerina, Ellen Price of Copenhagen's Royal Theatre, to pose for the statue. Only the statue's head was modelled on Price. She did not agree to pose in the nude, so the sculptor's wife, Eline Eriksen, posed for the body.


title: Luxor Temple

text: Note that Luxor Temple is different from the necropolis of Hatshepsut, located in Deir el-Bahari, which is also near Luxor.


title: Red wolf

text: Red wolves were declared extinct in the wild in 1980 after the few remaining wild wolves were placed in a captive breeding program. Reintroduced to the wild in 1987 in northeastern North Carolina, red wolves began to recover, but the population is rapidly diminishing as of late 2016.


title: The Little Mermaid (statue)

text: The Little Mermaid has been the victim of vandalism many times since the 1960s. Her head has been cut off, and she has had paint poured over her several times. In September 2003, the statue was knocked off its base with explosives. The statue has always been repaired after such acts.


title: Red wolf

text: The red wolf is smaller than a gray wolf and larger than a coyote. It is slender and long-legged, and it lives in the wild only on the Albemarle Peninsula in North Carolina. It hunts small mammals, rodents, and white-tailed deer.


title: Ottonian dynasty

text: Ottonian dynasty was a dynasty of kings of Germany, named after its first emperor Otto I the Great. But it is also known as the Saxon dynasty after the origin of this family of noblemen. The family itself is also sometimes known as the Liudolfings, after its earliest known member "Liudolf" and one of its most common names. The Ottonian rulers are also regarded as the first dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire, as successors of the Carolingian dynasty and Charlemagne, who is commonly viewed as the original founder of a new (Frankish) Roman Empire.


title: Early Christianity

text: Early Christianity is known as the Christianity of around the three centuries (1st, 2nd, 3rd, early 4th) between the time of the Crucifixion of Jesus (c.26-36) and the First Council of Nicaea in 325.


title: Pembrokeshire

text: Pembrokeshire is a county in Wales. Pembrokeshire County Council's headquarters are in the county town of Haverfordwest.


title: Ottonian dynasty

text: Although he was never Emperor, Henry I the Fowler, Duke of Saxony, was the founder of this imperial dynasty, since his election as German king made it possible for his son, Otto the Great to take on the imperium. Since Otto I most of the German kings were also crowned Holy Roman Emperor. Under the reign of the Ottonian rulers, the kingdom of the Eastern Franks finally became Germany as the duchies of Lorraine, Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Thuringia and Bavaria joined in one empire.


title: Early Christianity

text: Since the 19th century, historians have learned more about the early Christian community. Books written early in the time period, such as the Didache (in second-millennium copies) and the Gospel of Thomas (in two manuscripts dated as early as about 200 and 340) as well as parts from the Jewish-Christian Gospels have been found again in the last 200 years


title: Ottonian dynasty

text: After the end of the Ottonian dynasty (with the death of Henry II in 1024) the crown passed to the Salian dynasty. Luitgard, a daughter of Emperor Otto I had married the Salian Duke Conrad the Red of Lorraine. His great-grandson was Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor.


title: Early Christianity

text: At the beginning of Christian history, the church was in Jerusalem, in an "upper room" perhaps where the Cenacle is today, and leaders included James, Peter, and John. The major source for the Apostolic Age (c.30-c.100) is the "Acts of the Apostles". Following the Great Commission, the missionary actions of the Apostles, including Paul of Tarsus who said the title of "Apostle to the Gentiles", spread Christianity to cities in the Hellenistic world, such as Alexandria and Antioch, and also to Rome and even beyond the Roman Empire. The term "Christian" was first applied to members of the church at Antioch according to . The New Testament includes letters written by Paul to churches, such as those in Thessalonica and Corinth, during the years 50-62, see also Seven Churches of Asia. Early Christians continued the Jewish practice of respect for the Jewish Scriptures, using the Septuagint translation of Hellenistic Judaism that was in general use among Greek-speakers, or the Targums in use among Aramaic-speakers, but added to it their own writings.


title: Desertion

text: Desertion is a military word which means a soldier has left his position without permission. The soldier does not plan on returning. The term Absence Without Leave (AWOL) can also be used, but is usually used where the soldier does intend to return. Usually a soldier who has been AWOL for more than 30 days is listed as a deserter. Deserting is treated as a serious offense; military law usually provides for the death penalty. The last United States soldier executed for desertion was Eddie Slovik in 1945. No U.S. soldier has been given more than 18 months in prison for desertion during the Iraq War.


title: Ukrainian Armed Forces

text: The Armed Forces of Ukraine ( [ЗСУ]; , [ZSU]) are the military forces of Ukraine. They are the main force against any military action against the nation of Ukraine. All military and security forces are under the command of the president of Ukraine. This includes the Armed Forces. They are subject to oversight by a parliamentary commission.


title: Ukrainian Armed Forces

text: Ukraine's armed forces include the Ukrainian Ground Forces, the Ukrainian Air Force, the Ukrainian Navy, the Ukrainian Air Assault Forces and the Special Operations Forces. The navy of Ukraine has its own small Ukrainian Naval Infantry force. It also has its own Ukrainian Naval Aviation force. The Ukrainian Sea Guard is the coast guard service of Ukraine. It is a part of the Border Guard Service. It is not a part of the navy.


title: Ukrainian Armed Forces

text: Because of the Russian military intervention in Ukraine in 2014, the president had the leaders of oblasts of Ukraine create units which are made up of volunteers. These groups are under the control of the government's Territorial Defense Forces. At first, the government gave these units very little money. Most of their funding came from donations.


title: Ukrainian Armed Forces

text: In November 2014, most of the territorial defense battalions were made a part of the Ukrainian Ground Forces. The National Guard of Ukraine is a paramilitary reserve unit of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.


title: Ukrainian Armed Forces

text: After the fighting with Russia in 2014, Ukraine increased the size of its armed forces to 204,000 soldiers. This does not include additional forces such as the border guards, the new National Guard of Ukraine or the security service. The current size of Ukraine's armed forces is 250,000. Of that number, 215,000 are military personnel. It is the second largest in the region. Only Russia has a larger military in the region. In 2022, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy ordered that the size of the military would be increased by 100,000 by 2025. He also ordered that conscription would end in 2024. Conscription will be replaced with short-term military training.


title: Ukrainian Armed Forces

text: Military units of other countries have taken part in military exercises with Ukrainian forces in Ukraine. Many of these exercises have been held under the NATO program Partnership for Peace.


title: Visual system

text: It interprets the information from visible light to build a representation of the world surrounding the body. The visual system has the complex task of (re)constructing a three dimensional world from a two dimensional projection of that world. The psychological manifestation of visual information is known as visual perception.


title: Ogg

text: Ogg is a free, open standard format for music, video and other multimedia. It is run by the Xiph.Org Foundation. The Ogg format is unrestricted by software patents and is designed to provide for efficient Internet streaming and for editing of high quality digital multimedia.


title: Visual system

text: This article mostly describes the visual system of mammals, although other "higher" animals have similar visual systems. In this case, the visual system consists of:


title: Ogg

text: The project was based on the popular AVI and Ogg formats, which at the time only supported audio. Some time ago, the OGG Vorbis format was created to change the mp3 format. To store the vorbis audio stream, the OGG Bitstream standard was developed, which was later used to store video.


title: Visual system

text: Different species are able to see different parts of the light spectrum; for example, bees can see into the ultraviolet, while pit vipers can accurately target prey with their infrared imaging sensors.


title: Ogg

text: Recently a big library on the internet, the Internet Archive, announced that they are going to convert many videos and other multimedia to the Ogg format as well as other formats like the proprietary Adobe Flash flv format.


title: Chronos

text: Chronos (Ancient Greek: , "time", also written as Khronos or Chronus) is the Greek God of time. He is the personification of time in philosophy before Socrates, and in later literature. Chronos controls the past, present, and future of everything. Without Chronos, the other Greek Gods would have never existed.


title: Southern cassowary

text: The southern cassowary ("Casuarius casuarius"), also known as double-wattled cassowary or two-wattled cassowary, is a large flightless black bird with hard and stiff plumage, two dangling red wattles and a big bony lump on its head called a casque. It lives in tropical rainforest and feeds mostly on fallen fruit, red nape and two red wattles hanging down its throat.


title: Sugar Land, Texas

text: Sugar Land is a city in Texas. It is in the big city area and Fort Bend County. It is one of the richest cities in Texas. It is growing very fast. It grew more than 158 percent in the last ten years. As of the 2010 census, its population was 78,817. It is here that Miss Teen USA Katie Blair lived during her freshmen, sophomore and junior years.


title: Chronos

text: In the Orphic cosmogony, Chronos never ages. He gives birth to Aether and Chaos, and made a silvery egg in the divine Aether. It produced the god Phanes, who is a hermaphrodite. Phanes gave birth to the first generation of gods and is the creator of the cosmos.


title: Southern cassowary

text: The big female lays up to five enormous glossy green eggs on the ground. She then leaves the male bird to sit on them and raise the stripey chicks. The cassowary is a very rare bird in Australia but also lives in New Guinea.


title: IGN

text: IGN is a gaming website that was first launched in 2000. It has FAQ's, guides, and walkthroughs about many of the games on GameCube, PC, PlayStation 2, Xbox, Wii, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Xbox One, and the PlayStation 4, as well as older systems. IGN's main competitor is GameSpot, another gaming website.


title: V-1 flying bomb

text: It was a flying bomb, an early cruise missile. Its jet engine made it travel at 350 mph (600 kmph). The Luftwaffe aimed it at London, and also Antwerp in Belgium. V-1s destroyed nearly as many houses as the Blitz did but killed fewer: 22,892 people were killed by the weapon.


title: Unter den Linden

text: Unter den Linden ("under the linden trees") is a boulevard in the Mitte district of Berlin, the capital of Germany. It is named for its linden (lime in British English) trees that line the grassed pedestrian mall in the middle of the road


title: Subroutine

text: In computer programming, a subroutine is a code that is comprised of more codes — just like everything in programming — its purpose is the same: execute an instruction/command. Because subroutines are shorter, they can be typed faster and therefore be used more by programmers, hence saving time by being able to code faster.


title: Lena Horne

text: Lena Mary Calhoun Horne (June 30, 1917 – May 9, 2010) was an American singer, actress, civil rights activist and dancer.


title: V-1 flying bomb

text: The Allies tried to stop these attacks by bombing their launching places, by shooting at them in the air, and by flying fast planes close to them and nudging them off course using their wings.


title: Unter den Linden

text: Unter den Linden runs east–west from the site of the former Stadtschloss royal palace at the Lustgarten park, where the demolished Palast der Republik used to be, to Pariser Platz and Brandenburg Gate. Eastward the boulevard crosses the river Spree near the Dom (Berlin Cathedral) and continues as Karl-Liebknecht-Straße. The western continuation behind Brandenburg Gate is Straße des 17. Juni. Major north–south streets crossing Unter den Linden are Friedrichstraße and Wilhelmstrasse.


title: Lena Horne

text: Horne was born on June 30, 1917 in Brooklyn, New York City. She was raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and in New York City. When she was three years old, her father, Edwin “Teddy” Horne, and her mother, Edna, divorced. She lived with her grandmother, Cora Calhoun, and her grandfather, Edwin Horne. Her mother was an actor and singer, but she was not very successful. She took Lena to the South, where they moved often. When she returned to Brooklyn, she continued to move often. After her career started, Horne married Louis Jones. They divorced later. They had two children, Gail and Edwin “Teddy”. Then, she was married to Leonard George “Lennie” Hayton, a white musician. Because marriage between two races was against the law in California, they were married in Paris, France. In 1970, Horne’s son and father died. The year after, Horne’s husband died of a heart attack.


title: V-1 flying bomb

text: They had a fairly crude guidance system. Overall, only about 25 per cent of V-1s hit their targets. Most were lost lost by defensive measures, mechanical unreliability or guidance errors.


title: Unter den Linden

text: Unter den Linden at the heart of the historic section of Berlin developed from a bridle path laid out by Elector John George of Brandenburg in the 16th century to reach his hunting grounds in the Tiergarten. It was replaced by a boulevard of linden trees planted in 1647, stretching from the city palace to the gates of the city, by order of the “Great Elector” Frederick William. While the western part of the boulevard retained its character, the area around present-day Bebelplatz was changed after the Thirty Years' War and fortified. There are no trees.


title: Lena Horne

text: Even though her parents did not want her to be a singer, she still spent a lot of time doing it. Her family thought that she was able to do better things. Later, she decided to leave high-school to spend her time singing. Horne cared a lot about helping people without equality. Horne was a singer, actress, and dancer. She mostly sang a type of music called the blues and had a strong voice. Horne began her career in the arts by dancing and singing at the Cotton Club when she was 16. When she was 25, Horne became the first black singer with a long term singing contract. A few years later she was very popular in clubs. In the 1940s and 1950s she was in many movies and musicals, such as "Stormy Weather", "The Wiz", "Ziegfeld Follies", "Till the Clouds Roll By", "Death of a Gunfighter", and in "The Duke is Tops". At age 46, Horne wrote a book about herself called “Lena.” She won the Spingarn Medal, the Tony Award, and the Drama Desk Award. Horne won these awards at ages 64 and 66. Horne died on May 9, 2010 in New York City, New York from heart failure, aged 92.


title: Unter den Linden

text: By the 19th century, as Berlin grew and expanded to the west, Unter den Linden became the best-known and grandest street in Berlin. In 1851 the famous equestrian (horse-riding) statue of King Frederick the Great, designed by Christian Daniel Rauch, was put up on the centre strip. In the course of the building of the Nord-Süd-Tunnel for the Berlin S-Bahn in 1934/35 most of the linden trees were cut down and during the last days of World War II the remaining trees were destroyed or cut down for firewood. The present-day linden were replanted in the 1950s, they are affected by air pollution as well as by soil contamination.


title: Unter den Linden

text: Since 1937, the numbering has started at the "Schlossbrücke" (Palace Bridge), connecting Unter den Linden with the Lustgarten and Museum Island. The disputed replica of the Alte Kommandantur is No. 1, vis-à-vis the Zeughaus arsenal, the oldest building on Unter den Linden, built between 1695 and 1706, today the seat of the "Deutsches Historisches Museum" (No. 2). Buildings along the street include (from east to west) the Kronprinzenpalais (former palace of the Hohenzollern crown princes, No. 3), the Neue Wache war memorial built in 1817 (No. 4), considered by many to be Karl Friedrich Schinkel’s masterpiece. Furthermore, on Bebelplatz the Berlin State Opera (No. 7), coloquially called "Lindenoper", St. Hedwig's Cathedral and the "Altes Palais" (No. 9), favoured residence of Emperor Wilhelm I; in the north the main building of the Humboldt University (No. 6) and House I of the Berlin State Library (No. 8). On the western end are the Russian Embassy (former Soviet Embassy, No. 63-65) the Hungarian Embassy (No. 76) at the corner of Wilhelmstrasse and finally the Hotel Adlon (No. 77) at the corner of Pariser Platz, which has been completely rebuilt on the site of the prewar hotel. Well-known statues of Alexander and Wilhelm von Humboldt in front of the university as well as of the Prussian generals Scharnhorst and Bülow also adorn the street.


title: Internet Engineering Task Force

text: The Internet Engineering Task Force, or IETF, is the main organization that researches and promotes new Internet standards. It is an open volunteer organization.


title: Nine-banded armadillo

text: The nine-banded armadillo ("Dasypus novemcinctus"), or the nine-banded, long-nosed armadillo, is a species of armadillo. The nine-banded armadillo is an insectivorous animal. Ants, termites, and other small invertebrates make up most of its diet. The armadillo can jump in the air when scared.


title: Turpentine

text: Turpentine (spirit of turpentine, oil of turpentine, wood turpentine) or turps is a solvent and a source of materials for organic synthesis.


title: Internet Engineering Task Force

text: A Request for Comments, or RFC, is a document from the IETF. These are divided into several categories: Informational, Historical, and Standard-track. Only Standard-track are Internet Standards.


title: Nine-banded armadillo

text: The nine-banded armadillo is spreading more far out in both the north and east of the United States. It crossed the Rio Grande from Mexico in the late 19th century. At the same time, it was introduced in Florida by humans. By 1995, the species was found in Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, and recently seen as far north as southern Nebraska, Illinois, and Indiana.


title: Turpentine

text: Turpentine is a solvent fluid got by distilling resin from live trees, mainly pines. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. As a solvent, turpentine is used for thinning oil-based paints, for producing varnishes, and as a raw material for the chemical industry.


title: Nine-banded armadillo

text: The main reason of this fast expansion is because the species have few or no natural predators in the United States. It is also because Americans do not hunt or eat the armadillo. In late 2009, the state of North Carolina considered a hunting season for armadillo to slow them down.


title: Turpentine

text: The word "turpentine" comes from the Greek word τερεβινθίνη "terebinthine", the name of a species of tree, the terebinth tree.


title: Nine-banded armadillo

text: Outside the United States, the nine-banded armadillo is in Central and South America and northern Argentina and Uruguay.


title: Turpentine

text: It is hazardous. It is dangerous to inhale, and can cause fires. Because of this, white spirit (mineral turps) or other substitutes are often used.


title: Nine-banded armadillo

text: Nine-banded armadillos are mostly insectivores. They find their meals by pushing their snouts into soil and digging. They dig up grubs, beetles, ants, termites, and worms. They sometimes also eat amphibians, small reptiles, fungi, and carrion.


title: Nine-banded armadillo

text: Nine-banded armadillos do not live in groups. They are nocturnal, which means that they are lively at night instead of the day. The burrows they make are about wide, deep, and long.


title: Nine-banded armadillo

text: Armadillos usually mark their territory. The armadillo can jump in the air when scared. This may be dangerous on roads, because it could get hit by a car.


title: Nine-banded armadillo

text: Mating is usually done from July to August in the Northern Hemisphere and November to January in the Southern Hemisphere. A single egg is fertilized. Then it splits into four identical embryos, each which makes its own placenta. The nine-banded armadillo gives birth to genetically identical quadruplets.


title: Nine-banded armadillo

text: After birth, the quadruplets remain in the burrow, drinking the mother's milk for about three months. Then they begin to hunt for their meals with the mother. After six months to a year, they leave.


title: Hunting dog

text: A hunting dog is any dog who helps humans in hunting. There are several types of hunting dogs. The major categories of hunting dog include hounds, terriers, cur type dogs, and gun dogs. These categories have smaller groups in them that are based on different things the dogs are good at doing.


title: European Grand Prix

text: The European Grand Prix (sometimes called the Grand Prix of Europe) is a Formula One race. It was reintroduced during the mid-1980s. It has been held regularly since 1999.


title: Forseti

text: Forseti is a god of justice and reconciliation in Norse mythology. He oversaw courts and mediation. He is one of the Æsir gods. Forseti's name means "the presiding one" in Old Norse. He is often identified with Fosite, a god in the mythology of the Frisians. Forseti was the son of Nanna and Baldur.


title: Military service

text: Many countries have armed forces, which they usually call military. Some people in these forces are soldiers, and they have a special education as a soldier. In many cases, the military is not only made of such people, but the country also requires its citizens to spend part of their life in the military. This time is usually called military service. In most cases, it will be done after a first education has finished, with adolescents and young adults. Most countries only require men to do this service, women often don't have to, but they can volunteer. A few countries require all people of a given age group to serve in the military. Very often, there's a concept called civil service, for people who do not want to carry weapons.


title: Yanni

text: Yiannis Chryssomallis (, born November 14, 1954), known professionally as Yanni ( ), is a Greek composer, keyboardist, pianist, and music producer. He was born in Kalamata, Greece.


title: Pap test

text: The Papanicolaou test (also Pap test, Pap smear (AE), cervical smear (BE), cervical screening (BE), or smear test (BE)) is a test that doctors do for women. The test tells whether the woman has cancer cells on her cervix, which is an organ inside the vagina.


title: Hunting dog

text: There are two types of hounds, "sight hounds" and "scent hounds". The difference between them is if they use sight or smell to find what they are hunting for. They are often used to hunt animals with fur. In America, raccoon, coyote, and large predators are hunted with hounds, and traditionally in Britain hounds were used to hunt the fox.


title: European Grand Prix

text: In earlier years, one of the national Grands Prix was also called the "European" Grand Prix. The first race to be so named was the 1923 Italian Grand Prix, held at Monza and won by Carlo Salamano in a Fiat. Since , the European Grand Prix is a separate race. It is usually held in a country that also holds a national Grand Prix.


title: Yanni

text: At least sixteen of Yanni's albums have peaked at No. 1 in "Billboard's" "Top New Age Album" category, and two albums ("Dare to Dream" and "In My Time") received Grammy Award nominations. His career began in 1980.


title: Pap test

text: A doctor collects cells from the cervix using a speculum, brush, and spatula. The doctor puts the cells in a liquid or on a glass slide. Then the liquid or slide goes to a laboratory for testing. The technician in the laboratory looks at the cells under a microscope to see if they are cancer or could become cancer. Woman do pap tests because, if she finds out she has cervical cancer early, she can start treatment, and she is more likely to live.


title: Hunting dog

text: These dogs are also called bird dogs. They are used by hunters who carry shotguns to hunt small animals. Gun dogs come in three main classes. The classes are "retriever"s, "flushing spaniels", and "pointing breeds".


title: Hunting dog

text: The main job of a retriever is to get the animal after the hunter shoots it. Retrievers are very good in the water and often used by hunters shooting ducks.


title: Hunting dog

text: Flushing spaniels are used when birds being hunted are found in areas where they can hide, for example high grass. The spaniel will run through the grass. This makes the birds fly into the air so the hunter can shoot them. Spaniels stay close to the hunter so when the birds start to fly, the hunter is close enough to shoot them.


title: Hunting dog

text: Pointers find birds then stand still and point at where the bird is. They often are farther away from the hunter than a spaniel would be. By pointing instead of flushing the bird out, they give the hunter time to get close enough to shoot the bird.


title: Hunting dog

text: These dogs are almost always used to hunt mammals. Terriers are used to find the den or living space of the animal. They will go into where the animal lives and either force it to run out or they will kill it. Many of the animals hunted with terriers are animals that cause damage, for example, ground hogs, fox and badger.


title: Hunting dog

text: Curs are used in the same way as terriers but on larger animals. Curs are used to hunt boars, raccoon, cougars, and other large mammals


title: Ricky Rubio

text: He was born on 21 October 1990 in El Masnou, near Barcelona. He began playing in the Spanish ACB League on October 15, 2005, at age 14. He was the youngest player to ever play in the ACB. In 2009, he was drafted by the Minnesota Timberwolves of the NBA. He was the first person born in the 1990s to be drafted in the NBA.


title: Middle Francia

text: Middle Francia was a Frankish kingdom formed by the Treaty of Verdun in 843. It divided the Carolingian Empire among the sons of Louis the Pious. Between the realms of East and West Francia, Middle Francia was the Frankish territory between the rivers Rhine and Scheldt.


title: Ricky Rubio

text: In 2011, after two further seasons in Spain with FC Barcelona Bàsquet, the basketball section of the famous FC Barcelona football (soccer) club, he joined the Timberwolves. But he has changed his team and now plays for the Phoenix Suns.


title: Middle Francia

text: Middle Francia was the part of the Frankish Empire that fell to Lothair I. He was the eldest son and successor of Emperor Louis the Pious. Because of Lothair's Imperial title, Middle Francia had the imperial cities of Aachen, the residence of Charlemagne, as well as Rome.


title: Middle Francia

text: In 855, Emperor Lothair I again split his realm amongst his sons. He gave the Kingdom of Italy with Rome to his eldest son, Louis II the Younger, crowned emperor since 850. Most of the lands north of the Alps went to Lothair II. Provence and Burgundy went to Charles.


title: Middle Francia

text: Unlike East and West Francia, Middle Francia was a kingdom only a short time. Over the next centuries its lands were added into the Holy Roman Empire.


title: Tagalog Wikipedia

text: The Tagalog Wikipedia is the Tagalog version of the online encyclopedia, Wikipedia. It was started on December 1, 2003. In 2011, it had reached over 50,000 articles.


title: Hendecagon

text: All sides of a regular hendecagon are the same length. Each corner is 147.27°. All corners added together equal 1619.97°.


title: Italic

text: Ludovico Vicentino degli Arrighi (1475–1527) was a papal scribe and type designer in Renaissance Italy. Present day cursive writing style known as "italic" is based upon the style he developed. It has been said that the style of cursive known as "italic" got its name from this "Italian" designer. Modern day scribes, also known as "calligraphers", study the work of Arrighi to learn the structure of the style of writing known as "italic" , a modernized version of the Chancery hand which was first perfected by Roman scribes in the early part of the sixteenth century.


title: Jessie (2011 TV series)

text: Jessie is an American sitcom that originally aired on Disney Channel from September 30, 2011 to October 16, 2015. The series was created and executive produced by Pamela Eells O'Connell. It stars Debby Ryan, Peyton List, Cameron Boyce, Karan Brar, Skai Jackson and Kevin Chamberlin. In 2013, an Indian adaption of the show was made and it was called Oye Jassie.


title: We Bare Bears

text: We Bare Bears is an American animated television series created by Daniel Chong. The show premiered on Cartoon Network.


title: Blue Danube Waltz

text: On the Beautiful Blue Danube, Op. 314 is a waltz composed by Johann Strauss II in 1867 for the Vienna Men's Singing Society. It was written for four-part choir with orchestra or piano. The words were written by Josef Weyl. It was first performed on 15 February 1867 by the Vienna Men's Singing Society and the orchestra of the Forty-Second Infantry Regiment directed by Rudolph Weinwurm. It was performed without voices on March 4 and again on March 10 in the same format at a benefit for Strauss's brothers. It was a sensation when performed at the Paris Exposition the same year. This performance marked the beginning of Strauss's international reputation. The waltz was published in 1867 by Carl Anton Spina.


title: The Edge of Glory

text: "The Edge of Glory" is a song by American pop singer Lady Gaga from her third album "Born This Way". It was released as the third single from the album on May 9, 2011.


title: Italic

text: In typography, italic type is a cursive font based on a kind of calligraphic handwriting. Such letters normally slant slightly to the right.


title: Jessie (2011 TV series)

text: The series follows Jessie Prescott, a young woman from a small town in Texas. She has big dreams. She moves to New York City to be an actress. She becomes a nanny for the Ross kids: Emma, Luke, Ravi and Zuri. They live in a multi-million dollar penthouse on the Upper West Side. With Bertram the butler, Tony the doorman, and the Ross kids, she has a lot of adventures.


title: We Bare Bears

text: It is about three bear brothers, Grizzly, Panda and Ice Bear (voiced by Eric Edelstein, Bobby Moynihan, and Demetri Martin), and their awkward attempts at communication with the human world in the San Francisco Bay Area. The series premiered on July 27, 2015. This series is Cartoon Network's first original series based on a comic.On August 12, 2015, Cartoon Network renewed the series for a second season.


title: Blue Danube Waltz

text: The piece begins with a slow introduction in the dominant key of A major. This introduction is followed by five small waltzes of two sections each. Melodies with large leaps are contrasted with linear melodies composed within a narrow range. The coda touches on the various melodies and concludes with a lively finish. The waltz was first played in the United States in its instrumental version on 1 July 1867 in New York. It was first played in Great Britain on 21 September 1867 in London at the promenade concerts in Covent Garden. The instrumental version is usually performed today. On New Year's Eve in Vienna, the waltz is broadcast on television and radio stations at midnight. It is an encore piece at the Vienna New Year's Day Concert.


title: The Edge of Glory

text: The song peaked at number 3 in the US and Canada, number 2 in Australia, and number 6 in the UK. The RIAA certified the song triple-Platinum on February 29, 2016, for sales and shipments of 3 million copies in the United States alone.


title: Italic

text: In modern texts, Italics can emphasise key points in a printed text. One manual of English usage described italics as "the print equivalent of underlining".


title: Jessie (2011 TV series)

text: The show went straight to series. There was no pilot. The show is taped at Hollywood Centre Studios in Los Angeles. Season 4 began production in the summer of 2014 and ended in March 2015.


title: We Bare Bears

text: Grizzly ""Grizz"" Bear is a fictional character. Grizzly is an anthropomorphic grizzly bear. His entire body is completely covered in brown fur. Grizzly is has a bubbly and hyperactive personality His is loud and talkative. He is an older brother of Panda Bear and Ice Bear. Grizzly is Voiced by Eric Edelstein.


title: The Edge of Glory

text: Gaga is shown on a fire escape of an apartment building in New York City. Clarence Clemons, who played the saxophone for American singer Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band, is seen playing the instrument throughout the video. Shortly after appearing in the video, Clemons died from a stroke.


title: Italic

text: Calligraphy-inspired typefaces were first designed in Italy, to replace documents written in a handwriting style called chancery hand. As the illustration shows, there were flourishes copied from calligraphy. An alternative is oblique type: the type is slanted but the letterforms do not change shape: this less elaborate approach is used by many sans-serif typefaces.


title: We Bare Bears

text: His entire body is completely covered in brown fur. Grizzly is in the middle in terms of height, he is taller than Panda but shorter than Ice Bear.


title: Italic

text: In HTML, the editor can add the codice_1 and the codice_1 tags to make text surrounded by these tags italic.


title: We Bare Bears

text: Not much is known about Grizzly's past, though what is known is he was parentless from a very young age. It is unknown what happened to his parent(s) or who they were.


title: We Bare Bears

text: Panda Bear or Pan Pan is one of the protagonists of "We Bare Bears" created by Daniel Chong. Panda is voiced by Bobby Moynihan. He is a middle brother of Grizzly Bear and Ice bear.


title: We Bare Bears

text: Being a panda, his body is covered with black fur, with white fur on his head (excluding the ears) and a stripe across his belly. He is shorter than his brothers, with a wider frame than both. He is shown to have small black eyes surrounded by black fur.


title: We Bare Bears

text: Ice Bear is one of the protagonist of the show We Bare Bears created by Daniel Chong. Ice Bear was Voiced by Demetri Martin. He is a Younger Brother of Grizzly and Panda.


title: Late Heavy Bombardment

text: The Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB) or lunar cataclysm happened about 4.1 to 3.8 billion years ago. During this time, a large number of impact craters formed on the Moon. By inference, the same thing happened on Earth, Mercury, Venus, and Mars as well.


title: Defense mechanism

text: Defense mechanism is a psychological concept of the mind. It is the coping technique individuals unconsciously use to protect themselves from getting hurt in unpleasant situations (e.g. conflicts, unhappiness). Without defense mechanisms, people may suffer from psychological and mental illness.


title: Conservative Party of Canada

text: The Conservative Party of Canada (French: Parti Conservateur du Canada) is a political party in Canada. The party is considered to be on the center-right to right of the political spectrum. It is to the right of the Liberal Party of Canada, Bloc Québécois or the New Democratic Party. The party is the successor to the numerous right-wing parties, mainly the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. Right now, the leader of the party is Pierre Poilievre, who is also the Leader of the Official Opposition.


title: Cross-dressing

text: Cross-dressing is often done to create a transgender identity. It has also been used for disguise, comfort and in the performing arts in modern times and in history.


title: Tzatziki

text: Tzatziki or Cacık (Greek: Τζατζίκι) is a type of Greek dip or meze served widely in the Mediterranean and Middle East. It is basically made from Greek yogurt with chopped-up cucumber or other vegetables. It is excellent to go with the spiced meat dishes of the Mediterranean cuisine.


title: Late Heavy Bombardment

text: The evidence for this event comes from the dating of lunar samples. This shows that most impact melt rocks formed at that time. Many hypotheses have been suggested to explain how asteroidal or cometary material got into the inner solar system, but no consensus yet exists.


title: Conservative Party of Canada

text: The party won a minority government in the 2006 and 2008 elections and a majority government in 2011 election under the leadership of Stephen Harper, who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Canada. Following the loss of the 2015 election falling to second place, Harper resigned as leader and was filled in by interim leader Rona Ambrose until the next leadership election, which Andrew Scheer won.


title: Tzatziki

text: A common recipe is strained yogurt (usually from sheep or goat milk) mixed with cucumbers, garlic, salt, olive oil, sometimes lemon juice, and dill, mint, or parsley. Tzatziki is almost always served cold.


title: Late Heavy Bombardment

text: One popular theory is that the gas giant planets (or at least Jupiter) migrated in orbit at this time: see Grand tack hypothesis. This caused objects in the asteroid belt and/or Kuiper belt to be forced into orbits which reached the terrestrial planets.


title: Late Heavy Bombardment

text: Some think that the apparent clustering of impact melt ages near this time is an artifact of sampling.


title: Battle of Antietam

text: The Battle of Antietam was an important battle in the American Civil War.It is also called the Battle of Sharpsburg by South historians. The battle was fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland. It was also considered the bloodiest battle in the Civil war. It was the first major battle in the Civil War that took place in the border states. Both sides hoped a big victory for their side would make a short war.


title: Serge Ibaka

text: Serge Ibaka (born 18 September 1989) is a NBA player born in Republic of the Congo and a naturalized citizen of Spain. Ibaka plays for the Milwaukee Bucks. Before that he has played for the Los Angeles Clippers,Toronto Raptors and Oklahoma City Thunder. He plays at the forward position.


title: Battle of Antietam

text: About 22,720 soldiers were killed, wounded or were missing at Antietam. There has never been another single-day battle in the history of the United States with so many American casualties. However, there have been other battles that lasted for more than one day where more Americans fell. For example, the later Battle of Gettysburg lasted three days and had an estimated 51,000 American casualties.


title: Battle of Antietam

text: During the summer of 1862, the hopes of the North that the rebellion could be easily crushed were quickly fading. In July, Major General George B. McClellan's Peninsula Campaign to capture the Southern capital at Richmond, Virginia failed. Near the end of August, the Second Battle of Bull Run was another Confederate victory. The Union armies retreated back to Washington, D.C. only a few miles away. In Tennessee and other western states, Confederate offensives were succeeding. This was causing poor morale in the Union army.


title: Battle of Antietam

text: After defeating the Union Army of Virginia at Bull Run, Lee led his Confederate Army of Northern Virginia into Maryland beginning his Maryland Campaign. He had several reasons for attacking the North. First, it was harvest time in the Shenandoah Valley and Lee needed to turn the Union's attention away from his main sources of food for his army. Secondly, he needed European support for the Confederacy. A major win in the North could get the support they needed and also cause the border state of Maryland to secede. It would demoralize the North and possibly get them to negotiate. Lee thought the Union army needed time to rebuild and resupply and moving quickly he could catch them unprepared.


title: Battle of Antietam

text: In a bold move Lee divided his Army of Northern Virginia into five smaller armies or columns. Three he sent with General "Stonewall" Jackson to attack and hold Harpers Ferry. This way Jackson could control the Shenandoah Valley. He sent his largest corps commanded by Lieutenant General James Longstreet to move towards Sharpsburg, Maryland. Lee wrote Special Order 191 on September 9, which outlined each move by all his columns. In a strange twist of fate, a copy of the order was wrapped around a bundle of cigars and dropped in a field on Best Farm. Union soldiers of the 27th Indiana Regiment found the bundle with the order. It was sent to General McClellan.


title: Battle of Antietam

text: McClellan had remained in command of the Army of the Potomac even though he had failed to support Major General John Pope at the Second Battle of Bull Run. When Lee entered Maryland, in a rare exception to his usual slowness, McClellan moved more quickly to cut him off. Having knowledge of Lee's plans gave McClellan an opportunity to destroy Lee's army while it was still weakened by Jackson's being sent to Harper's Ferry. McClellan learned of Lee's plan on September 13. He boasted "Here is a paper with which if I cannot whip Bobbie Lee, I will be willing to go home." He also sent a telegram to President Lincoln where he wrote, "I have all the plans of the rebels, and will catch them in their own trap if my men are equal to the emergency." But McClellan waited another 18 hours before acting. This delay allowed Lee more time to collect all the elements of his army. As Lee had moved into Maryland, he left detachments to guard two of the passes through South Mountain, Crampton's Gap and Turner's Gap. These were the two most important routes through the 50-mile long South Mountain. Had McClellan moved a little faster, he would have caught Lee's army scattered on the other side of the mountain. At Frederick, Maryland the Union army caught up with Lee and the fighting began on South Mountain. It was a natural formation that separated the Shenandoah and Cumberland Valleys from eastern Maryland. Several battles were fought that day over possession of South Mountain. The Confederates were driven back with a large number of casualties. McClellan could have destroyed Lee's army but he again waited, giving Lee the time to regroup.


title: Battle of Antietam

text: Three days later the two armies, led by Lee and McClellan, met again on September 17, 1862, between Antietam Creek and the town of Sharpsburg, Maryland. The Battle of Antietam, also called the Battle of Sharpsburg, was not only the bloodiest day of the American Civil War, it was the single bloodiest day in American history. The Confederate troops took up defensive positions behind Antietam Creek. At this point, McClellan decided to attack.


title: Battle of Antietam

text: At dawn on September 17, Union soldiers led by Major General Joseph Hooker attacked Lee's troops from their left. As the two armies fought each other, the fighting spread across a local cornfield and around the Dunker Church. The Union troops kept attacking the Confederates at the Sunken Road. They were able to break through the center of the Confederate lines.


title: Battle of Antietam

text: Late that afternoon, more Union soldiers, led by Major General Ambrose Burnside, came into the fight. They captured a stone bridge over Antietam Creek and moved towards the Confederate troops' right side. But as Burnside's soldiers attacked, more Confederate soldiers arrived. Confederate Major General A.P. Hill had led his division of soldiers from Harpers Ferry to Antietam. Once Hill's division arrived, they were able to counterattack (fight back against Burnside's soldiers). This was a surprise to the Union troops, and the surprise worked well. The Confederate troops drove Burnside's soldiers back and ended the battle. Even though he had more soldiers, McClellan was not able to destroy Lee's army. Lee was able to shift his troops to meet each of McClellan's attacks. McClellan also did not call up his many reserve forces (soldiers on standby) which could have helped build on the Union's successes.


title: Battle of Antietam

text: The next day both armies collected their wounded and buried their dead soldiers. Then Lee withdrew his army back to Virginia. McClellan did not go after Lee which frustrated President Lincoln. Militarily the battle was a draw. But because Lee's forces retreated from Maryland, Lincoln claimed victory. He used the occasion to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.


title: GNU Lesser General Public License

text: The GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) is a free software license created by the Free Software Foundation. It is similar to the GNU General Public License and is also an open source license. It's mostly used for "library" software (meaning parts of other software), with the license name formerly meaning Library General Public License.


title: Dyan Cannon

text: Dyan Cannon (born Samille Diane Friesen; January 4, 1937) is an American movie and television actress, director, screenwriter, editor, and producer. She was known for her role as Alice in "Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice".


title: Leon Panetta

text: Leon Edward Panetta (born June 28, 1938) was the 23rd United States Secretary of Defense from 2011 until 2013. Before that, he served as director of the CIA from 2009 to 2011 and as Bill Clinton's White House Chief of staff from 1994 to 1997.


title: Abydos King List

text: The Abydos King List, also known as the Abydos Table, is a list of 76 kings of Ancient Egypt. It was written on a wall of the Temple of Seti I at Abydos, Egypt. The list has three rows of 38 cartouches (borders around the name of a king) in each row. The upper two rows list the kings, while the third row repeats Seti I's throne name and praenomen.


title: Leon Panetta

text: Panetta was born on June 28, 1938 in Monterey, California to an Itallian-American family. He studied at Santa Clara University. He served in the army from 1964 until 1966. He had won an Army Commendation Medal for his services in the force. Panetta is married to Sylvia Panetta.


title: Abydos King List

text: It lists the Old Kingdom kings in the order in which they ruled. It is the only record of the names of many of the kings of the Seventh and Eighth Dynasties.


title: Abydos King List

text: This names of some earlier pharaohs who were not seen to be lawful rulers — such as Akhenaten, Hatshepsut, Smenkhkare, Tutankhamen, and Ay, have been left out of the list.


title: Heart rate

text: Heart rate (HR) is how many times a heart beats per minute (bpm). The average bpm for a man or women who does not exercise is 70 bpm. Heart rate varies between people because of fitness, age and genetics.


title: Fire ant

text: Fire ants are stinging ants. They are also called "ginger ants" and "tropical fire ants". They evolved in South America, but have become a major pest in North America. They are known for a painful sting. This sting uses a base, not an acid.


title: George Mallory

text: George Herbert Leigh Mallory (18 June 1886 – 8 or 9 June 1924) was a British mountaineer who took part in the first three expeditions to Mount Everest in the early 1920s. Mallory and his climbing partner, Andrew Irvine, disappeared high on the northeast ridge during the final summit attempt of the 1924 expedition. The last sighting of the pair was about 800 vertical feet from the summit. Mallory's fate was unknown for 75 years until a research expedition discovered his body on 1 May 1999. Whether they made it to the summit or not remains a mystery.


title: U.S. Bank Tower (Los Angeles)

text: U.S. Bank Tower is a skyscraper in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is 310 meters (1018 feet) tall and has 73 floors. It was built in 1989 and is one of the tallest buildings in the United States. It is one of the tallest building in the United States that is west of the Mississippi River. It is also the second tallest building in Los Angeles and California, after the Wiltshire Grand Center.


title: Terraria

text: Terraria is an action-adventure/RPG indie game released by independent game studio "Re-Logic" on May 16, 2011. It was originally available on Microsoft Windows, but different ports are available on the Xbox Live, Playstation, Android, iOS, Windows Phone, and 3DS. It is a 2D side-scrolling format, similar to Mario or Mega Man.


title: Úrsula Corberó

text: Úrsula Corberó Delgado (born August 11, 1989) is a Spanish actress. She is mainly known for her roles as Ruth Gómez in "Física o química" (2008–2010), Margarita de Austria in the television series "Isabel" (2014) and Marta in the comedy movie "Cómo Sobrevivir a una Despedida" (2015). She received international popularity after playing the role of Tokyo in the Antena 3 (later, Netflix) series "La Casa de Papel" ("Money Heist"; since 2017).


title: Fire ant

text: In 1918, fire ants were accidentally moved into the United States of America by a ship from South America. They were moved in large amounts of dirt. The ships brought heavy things like machines from the US to South America. They brought back light things like crops. The dirt was ballast make the ships more stable. The dirt sometimes had fire ants in it.


title: George Mallory

text: George Mallory was famous for replying to the question "Why do you want to climb Mount Everest?" with the reply: "Because it's there," described as: "The most famous three words in the history of mountaineering." Questions have arisen about whether Mallory had said it or if it was a newspaper reporter making it up.


title: Terraria

text: There are a wide variety of materials (Called "blocks" or "tiles") that players can use, such as Dirt Blocks, Stone Blocks, Copper Ore, Wood, and many more. Players need the right tools to mine any block.


title: Fire ant

text: In the United States, fire ants have no natural predators or competitors. They became an invasive species. Native animals are not adapted to these ants. Fire ants are very aggressive. Their colonies can have many queens unlike many other ant species. Because of this, fire ants have spread very fast. By 1965, fire ant mounds spread on the south eastern coast and as far west as Texas. Today they are found in at least 10 southern states. There is a separate group of fire ants living in California.


title: George Mallory

text: Mallory was born in Mobberly, Cheshire, the son of Herbert Leigh Mallory (1846 - 1943), a clergyman who changed his name to Leigh-Mallory in 1914. George had two sisters - one older, one younger - and a younger brother called Trafford-Leigh Mallory, the World War II Royal Air Force commander.


title: Terraria

text: The game begins with the player creating a custom character, and then is placed in a computer-generated world. The players begins with only a few Copper tools, which are used to gather wood, mine blocks, and attack monsters. From these basic Copper tools, the player moves up to stronger armor and weapons. There are many bosses in Terraria that the player must defeat. Although Terraria might seem similar to Minecraft, it is two dimensional and includes many more items and bosses.


title: Fire ant

text: Fire ants have done a lot of harm as they have spread across the United States. Because they are attracted to electrical currents, they chew through wires. This makes short circuits. Fire ants have also disturbed the natural balance of native ecosystems. In some places, they have killed off 70% of the native ant species and 40% of other native insect species.


title: George Mallory

text: In 1896, Mallory went to Glengorse, a boarding school in Eastbourne on the south coast of England, having already transferred from a school in West Kirby. At the age of 13, he won a scholarship to Winchester College. In his second-to-last year at Winchester, he was introduced to rock climbing and mountaineering by a master, R.L.G Irving, who took a small number of pupils climbing in the Alps every year. In October 1905, Mallory entered Magdalene College, Cambridge, to study history. There, he became good friends with several members of the Bloomsbury Group, including James Strachey, Lytton Strachey, Rupert Brooke, John Maynard Keynes, and Duncan Grant, who painted many portraits of Mallory. Mallory was a keen oarsman and rowed in his college "eight", but he did not (as has been written elsewhere) row for Cambridge in the annual Oxford & Cambridge Boat Race.


title: Terraria

text: In Terraria, the music changes depending on which biome/area the player is in. It can also change if the player is fighting a boss, like the Eye of Cthulhu for example.


title: Fire ant

text: Each year, about 25,000 people go for medical help because of painful bites from fire ants. Fire ants attack in groups when disturbed. People often get many bites. Fire ant bites are usually not dangerous but some people are allergic to fire ants. They may go into shock. This is called anaphylaxis. This can kill them.


title: George Mallory

text: After getting his degree, Mallory stayed in Cambridge for a year, writing an essay he later published as Boswell the Biographer (1912). He lived briefly in France, where Simon Bussy painted his portrait, now in London's National Portrait Gallery. On his return, Mallory decided to become a teacher. In 1910 he began teaching at Charterhouse School, Godalming, Surrey, where he met the poet Robert Graves, then a pupil; in his autobiography, "Goodbye to All That", Graves remembered Mallory, who acted as best man at Robert Graves's wedding in 1918, fondly both for his encouragement of Graves's interest in literature in poetry and his instruction in climbing. Graves recalled: "He (Mallory) was wasted (as a teacher) at Charterhouse. He tried to treat his class in a friendly way, which puzzled and offended them."


title: Fire ant

text: The fire ants are growing in the US 80 years after they came there. About 157 chemicals, like ammonia, gasoline, parts of manure, and insect-killing pesticides, are used against fire ants. However, none of them were very helpful. By 1995, the government had allowed only one fire-ant bait for people to use a lot.


title: George Mallory

text: While at Charterhouse, he met his wife, Ruth Turner, a taxi driver who lived in Godalming, and they were married in 1914, just six days before Britain and Germany went to war. George and Ruth had two daughters and a son: Clare, born 1915; Beridge, known as 'Berry' (1917); and John (1920). In December 1915, Mallory joined the Royal Garrison Artillery as 2nd lieutenant and in 1916 participated in the shelling of the Somme, under the command of Major Gwilym Lloyd George, son of then Prime Minister David Lloyd George.


title: George Mallory

text: After the war, he returned to Charterhouse, resigning in 1921 to participate in the first Everest expedition.


title: Caiman

text: The Caiman is a subfamily of the Alligators. The alligators are divided into True alligators and caimans. Caimans and true alligators develop slower than the rest of the crocodiles. Their lifestyle is also slower. Because of this, they grow older than the other crocodiles. In total, there are 6 species of caimans. All of them live in South America, the Spectacled Caiman can also be found in Central America.


title: Carpool

text: Carpooling is sharing a car with other passengers to help share the cost of operating the car. Besides being cheaper than driving many cars at the same time, it also reduces traffic congestion. There are many companies that provide carpooling services such as Ola, MyCotra, Quickride, and Uber.


title: Chicago River

text: The Chicago River is 156 miles long (251 km) and goes through the city of Chicago, Illinois, including the center of the city (the Chicago Loop). The river is not long, but it is known for being the reason why Chicago became an important place, as the connection between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi Valley waterways. The river is the only river in the world to be reversed (which is, made to flow backwards, in the opposite of its natural direction) by civil engineering.


title: Ju Wenjun

text: Ju Wenjun (; born 31 January 1991) is a Chinese chess grandmaster. She is the current Women's World Chess Champion. She was born in Shanghai.


title: Chicago River

text: In the 19th century through civil engineering, the flow of the river was reversed to head toward the Mississippi River basin, away from Lake Michigan. This was done for reasons of sanitation through the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. The Chicago River is also noted for the local custom of dyeing it green on St. Patrick's Day. The river is controlled for boats or ships going through the river.


title: Ju Wenjun

text: In December 2004, Ju Wenjun placed third in the Asian Women's Chess Championship in Beirut. This result qualified her to play in her first Women's World Chess Championship in 2006. She competed in this event also in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2017.


title: Chicago River

text: The river is memorialized, in part, by two horizontal blue stripes on the Municipal Flag of Chicago. The river also serves as inspiration for one of Chicago's symbols: a three-branched, Y-shaped symbol (called the municipal device) is found on many buildings and other structures throughout Chicago; it represents the three branches of the Chicago River.


title: Chicago River

text: The Main Stem flows 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west from the direction at Lake Michigan; passing under the Outer Drive, Columbus Drive, Michigan Avenue, Wabash Avenue, State Street, Dearborn Street, Clark Street, La Salle Street, Wells Street, and Franklin Street bridges en route to the North Branch at Wolf Point.


title: Chicago River

text: At McClurg Court it passes the Nicholas J Melas Centennial Fountain, which was built in 1989 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago; between May and October the fountain sends an arc of water over the river for ten minutes every hour.


title: Chicago River

text: For the Chicago Cubs rally and parade for their 2016 World Series Championship celebrations, the river was dyed Cubs blue.


title: Chicago River

text: On the north bank of the river, near the Chicago Landmark Michigan Avenue Bridge, is Pioneer Court, which marks the site where Jean Baptiste Point du Sable came to Chicago. Point du Sable is known as the founder of Chicago. On the south bank of the river is the site of Fort Dearborn. Well known buildings surrounding this area include the NBC Tower, the Tribune Tower, and the Wrigley Building.


title: Chicago River

text: The river turns slightly to the south west between Michigan Avenue and State Street, passing the Trump International Hotel and Tower, 35 East Wacker, and 330 North Wabash. Turning west again the river passes Marina City, the Reid, Murdoch & Co. Building, Merchandise Mart, and 333 Wacker Drive.


title: Erika Eleniak

text: Erika Eleniak (September 29, 1969) is an American television and movie actress. She was born in Glendale, California. Her father is from Canada and is of Ukrainian descent. Her mother is of Estonian and German descent. Eleniak has posed for "Playboy". She starred in the television series "Baywatch" and the movie "Under Siege".


title: Mayawati

text: Mayawati (born 15 January 1956) is an Indian politician. She was the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh four times between 1995, 1997, 2002 to 2003 and from 2007 until 2012. She is the national president of the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) since 2003. From 2012 until 2017, she was a member of the Rajya Sabha.


title: Kid Rock

text: Robert James Ritchie, better known as Kid Rock, (born January 17, 1971) is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, and musician. He has made songs with parts of many different styles of music, including rock, hip hop, heavy metal, and country.


title: Marina Bay Sands

text: The Marina Bay Sands (abbreviation: MBS) is a resort and casino hotel in Marina Bay within the Downtown Core district of Singapore. It was opened in 2010. It has been called the world's most expensive standalone casino property at S$8 billion (US$6.88 billion), including the land cost. It is owned by the Las Vegas Sands Corporation.


title: Open front unrounded vowel

text: The open front unrounded vowel is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is in some dialects of English. It is in almost every language in the world.


title: First-wave feminism

text: First-wave feminism was a time of feminist activity and thought in the Western world. It happened during the 19th and early 20th century. It focused on laws about women, mainly giving women the right to vote. Later waves of feminism would focus on things like economic equality and social equality.


title: Kid Rock

text: Kid Rock grew up in Romeo, Michigan, which is near Detroit. He made his first album, "Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast", in 1990. However, it did not gain many success. He made several more records over the next few years, but the albums did not make any sells either. By 1998, bands such as Korn and Limp Bizkit were becoming popular with music that had both rap and heavy metal. Because Kid Rock was making similar music, the record label Atlantic Records, signed Kid Rock to a contract. In 1998, his album "Devil Without A Cause" was released. Songs such as "Bawitdaba" and "Cowboy" were released, making Kid Rock a star.


title: Marina Bay Sands

text: It was designed by Moshe Safdie. The resort includes a 2,561-room hotel, a convention centre, the The Shoppes at Marina Bay Sands mall, a museum, a large theatre, "celebrity chef" restaurants, two floating crystal pavilions, art-science exhibits, and the world's largest atrium casino with 500 tables and 1,600 slot machines.


title: First-wave feminism

text: Journalist Martha Lear was the first to call it "first-wave feminism". She did this in an article she wrote for "New York Times Magazine" in March 1968. It was called "The Second Feminist Wave: What do these women want?" First-wave feminism focused on women's power under law. Second-wave feminism was about economic and social power, for example, equal pay for equal work.


title: Kid Rock

text: In 2000, Kid Rock released "The History of Rock", an album that mostly had old songs from before he became famous, along with two new songs. He released the album "Cocky" in 2001, "Kid Rock" in 2003, "Rock n Roll Jesus" in 2007, and "Born Free" in 2010.


title: First-wave feminism

text: In her book "The Second Sex," Simone de Beauvoir wrote that the first woman to "take up her pen in defense of her sex" was Christine de Pizan. Christine de Pizan wrote in the 15th century. Feminists Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa and Modesta di Pozzo di Forzi worked in the 16th century. Marie le Jars de Gournay, Anne Bradstreet and François Poullain de la Barre's Equality of sexes came out in 1673.


title: Kid Rock

text: Kid Rock is a supporter of people in the United States Military. He has performed several concerts for soldiers, and gave soldiers free copies of his album "Born Free".


title: Kid Rock

text: In 2004, Kid Rock performed during the Super Bowl halftime show. Although the show was more controversial for an incident where one of Janet Jackson's breasts was seen on television, Kid Rock was criticized for playing while wearing an American flag.


title: Kid Rock

text: Kid Rock has been mentioned as a possible candidate for the 2018 U.S. Senate election in Michigan. On July 12, 2017, he shared a photo of a "Kid Rock for US Senate" yard sign on Twitter. He later confirmed that he is in fact running for the Senate.


title: Theodor Morell

text: Theodor Gilbert Morell (22 July 1886 – 26 May 1948) was Adolf Hitler's personal doctor. For years, Morell treated Hitler with many different drugs. He helped Hitler with almost everything Hitler did. Morell escaped from Hitler's bunker just a few hours before Hitler killed himself there.


title: Tagbilaran

text: Tagbilaran is the capital and main city of the Bohol province, in the Bohol island, Philippines. Because of the Tagbilaran Airport, the city is an important way for tourists to start trips through the rest of the island and neighboring islands.


title: Theodor Morell

text: Morell was born in a small village called Trais-Münzenberg, in Upper Hesse, Germany. His family was half Jewish. Morell studied medicine in France. Then he trained in obstetrics and gynecology in Munich, Germany. He became a doctor on 23 May 1913.


title: Tagbilaran

text: In 1565, a Spanish explorer named Miguel López de Legazpi came to Bohol looking for spices and gold. He made a peace pact with Datu Sikatuna in a place called Bool, now a district of Tagbilaran. This pact was signed with a blood pact between the two men.


title: Theodor Morell

text: Morell worked as a ship's doctor for a year. Then, in 1914, when Germany was fighting World War I, he volunteered to be a doctor for the German army. He worked as a doctor in a German army battalion until 1917. By 1918, Morell had opened his own doctor's office in Berlin. He became popular for treating his patients' illnesses in unusual ways. Both the Shah of Persia and the King of Romania asked Morell to be their personal doctors, but Morell refused.


title: Tagbilaran

text: On 9 February 1742, the Governor of the Visayas Francisco Antonio Calderon de la Barca separated Tagbilaran from Baclayon and made it a town with the name of "San Jose de Tagbilaran" and dedicated to St. Joseph the Worker. Since then, it was part of the province of Bohol and became officially a component city (a city that is part of a province) on 1 July 1966 by the Republic Act No. 4660.


title: Theodor Morell

text: Morell joined the Nazi Party when Hitler became the Chancellor (leader) of Germany in 1933. In 1935, Morell treated Hitler's personal photographer, Heinrich Hoffmann. Hoffmann told Hitler that Morell had saved his life. In 1936, Hitler met Morell for the first time. Hitler was having very bad stomach pain, and also had a rash on his leg. Morell was able to cure both problems with medicines. After this, Hitler asked Morell to be his personal doctor. Soon, Hitler decided Morell was a medical genius. Morell became one of Hitler's closest friends. Morell began to treat Hitler with a drug he called "Vitamultin" when Hitler felt tired in the morning. Right after he got a shot of Vitamultin, Hitler would feel awake and have a lot of energy. Ernst-Günther Schenck, a doctor in the SS, had some Vitamultin tested. It had methamphetamine in it.


title: Tagbilaran

text: Tagbilaran is in the southwestern part of the island of Bohol, in front of the smaller island of Panglao; between the two islands is the Tagbilaran Strait.


title: Theodor Morell

text: In 1938, Hitler demanded control of part of Czechoslovakia. While Hitler was meeting with the Czechoslovak president, Emil Hacha, Hitler began yelling at Hacha. Hacha became so scared of Hitler that he fainted. Morell injected stimulant drugs into Hacha to wake him up. Morell said these drugs were only vitamins, but they may have included methamphetamine. Soon after Morell gave him the drugs, Hacha agreed to do what Hitler wanted.


title: Tagbilaran

text: The city is southeast of the national capital of Manila and south of the regional capital, Cebu City.


title: Theodor Morell

text: Morell began treating Hitler with more and more drugs. Most were medicines sold in stores, but some were Morell's own mixes. Many of the things Morell gave Hitler are toxic (poisonous). Because of this, some historians think Morell accidentally made Hitler's bad health even worse.


title: Tagbilaran

text: It has a total area of , but the total land area, without the parts that are in the sea, is . The coastline is about long.


title: Theodor Morell

text: Morell kept a medical diary of the drugs, vitamins and other chemicals he gave Hitler. The diary lists 74 different drugs, in 28 different mixtures. These drugs include psychoactive drugs like heroin, and things sold as poisons. Some of the other drugs Morell gave Hitler were:


title: Tagbilaran

text: There is a ridge (a long and narrow chain of small hills) with an average altitude of that runs parallel to the coastline; at both ends of the ridge there are two hills: "Elley Hill" () in the north and "Banat-I Hill" () in the south.


title: Theodor Morell

text: Many of Hitler's other close friends did not like Morell. For example, Herman Göring, the Vice-Chancellor of Germany, called Morell "Der Reichsspritzenmeister" ("Injection Master of the German Reich") and "The Master of the Imperial Needle." Both nicknames meant the same thing: that Morell used injections (shots of medicine) to fix every problem.


title: Tagbilaran

text: Tagbilaran borders with the municipalities of Cortes (north), Corella (northeast) and Baclayon (east). To the south is the "Tagbilaran Strait" and the Panglao island, and to the west is the "Maribojoc Bay" (part of the Cebu Strait).


title: Theodor Morell

text: Morell often argued with Dr. Karl Brandt, who had been Hitler's personal doctor since 1933. Eva Braun, Hitler's girlfriend, called Morell's office a "pig sty" and refused to see him.


title: Tagbilaran

text: Tagbilaran has, like the rest of the Philippines, a tropical climate. The average temperature is high and the humidity is also high. The dry and the wet seasons are very similar.


title: Theodor Morell

text: On 20 April 1945, during the Battle of Berlin, Hitler was hiding in his bunker in Berlin with Morell and some of his other personal workers. Hitler told Morell and some other workers to fly from Berlin to the Obersalzberg (Hitler's home in the mountains). Morell flew out of Berlin on 23 April.


title: Theodor Morell

text: Morell was soon caught by the Americans. He was interrogated on 18 May 1945. He was kept in jail in an American prison camp, in the same place that the Nazi concentration camp called Buchenwald used to be. However, he was never charged with a crime.


title: Theodor Morell

text: Morell died on 26 May 1948, in a hospital in Bavaria, Germany. He was very obese and had many health problems when he died.


title: Webmail

text: Webmail (or Web-based e-mail) is an e-mail service which is usually accessed through a web browser, instead of an email client such as Microsoft Outlook. Some well known versions are Gmail, Windows Live Mail and Yahoo! Mail. One of the advantages of using web-based e-mail, as with other Cloud computing is that users needn't have their own computer. They can access and write their mail from anyone else's computer that has a web browser connected to the internet.


title: Zhang Fei

text: Zhang Fei (167–221) was a warrior in ancient China. He fought along with his brothers Liu Bei and Guan Yu for the restoration of the Han Dynasty.


title: Raymond Massey

text: Massey was born Raymond Hart Massey in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He studied at Balliol College, Oxford and at the University of Toronto. Massey served in the Canadian Army during World War II. Massey moved to London to begin his acting career in 1922.


title: Dominion of Newfoundland

text: The Dominion of Newfoundland was a British Dominion from 1907 to 1949. It was in northeastern North America along the Atlantic coast. It was made up of the island of Newfoundland and Labrador on the mainland.


title: Melanie Safka

text: Melanie Anne Safka (better known as Melanie; born February 3, 1947) is an American singer and songwriter. She is best known for hit songs, like "Ruby Tuesday" and "Brand New Key". Another well-known song is about performing at the 1969 Woodstock Festival: "Lay Down (Candles in the Rain)".


title: Zion

text: Zion is one of the seventy names of Jerusalem, and in the Bible is the second name for Jerusalem after the name "Jerusalem". The name "Zion" originally revolves around a certain area in the city. It is customary to delineate the site in the eastern and southern part of Jerusalem during the Second Temple period, including the City of David, the Ophel and Mount Moriah.


title: Zhang Fei

text: In the battles against the Dong Zhuo, Zhang fended off the enemy general Lü Bu and was greatly rewarded by his then-ally Cao Cao.


title: Raymond Massey

text: He was known for his roles in "Abe Lincoln in Illinois", "Santa Fe Trail", "Seven Angry Men", "Arsenic and Old Lace", "Hotel Berlin", "East of Eden", "Battle Cry", and in "How the West Was Won". Massey retired in 1973.


title: Dominion of Newfoundland

text: The territory was a British colony until 1907, when it was made a dominion. The Statute of Westminster of 11 December 1931 said that the Dominion of Newfoundland was independent within the British Commonwealth, along with Canada, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. But on 16 February 1934 the Newfoundland parliament gave up its self-government, and governance of the dominion went back to being controlled from London. Though governed from overseas, Newfoundland stayed legally a dominion, until it joined Canada in 1949 to become Canada's tenth province.


title: Melanie Safka

text: In 1989, Safka won an Emmy Award for writing the lyrics to "The First Time I Loved Forever". It was the theme song to the television series "Beauty and the Beast".


title: Zhang Fei

text: Zhang Fei was later killed by his own officers, because after the death of his brother Guan Yu, he became a drunk.


title: Raymond Massey

text: He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Abraham Lincoln in "Abe Lincoln of Illinois". Massey was also known for his television role as Dr. Gillespie in "Dr. Kildare".


title: Melanie Safka

text: One of Safka's songs, "Brand New Key", was banned by some radio stations because the lyrics could be teasing about sex.


title: Raymond Massey

text: Massey was married to Margery Fremantle from 1921 until they divorced in 1929. Then he married Adrianne Allen from 1929 until they divorced in 1939. Then he married Dorothy Whitney from 1939 until her death in 1982.


title: Raymond Massey

text: Massey two sons and one daughter. He had his first son, Geoffrey, with Margery and his other, Daniel, with Adrianne. He had one daughter, Anna, with Adrianne. His son, Daniel, died in 1998 and his daughter, Anna, died in 2011.


title: Raymond Massey

text: Massey was related to Governor-General of Canada Vincent Massey and to Canadian voice actor Walter Massey. Massey was a Republican and, along with Ronald Reagan, supported Barry M. Goldwater presidential campaign.


title: Raymond Massey

text: Massey died of pneumonia in Los Angeles, California at the age of 86. He died a month before he would have turned 87. That was the same day as the death of David Niven, who had co-starred with him in "The Prisoner of Zenda" and "A Matter of Life and Death". Massey is buried in New Haven, Connecticut's Beaverdale Memorial Park.


title: Federal Emergency Management Agency

text: The Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA, is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security. The purpose of FEMA (begun by Presidential Order on March 30, 1979)


title: CNBC

text: CNBC (Consumer News and Business Channel) is an American business television network. It is owned and operated by NBC. It was started in 1980 as the "Satellite Program Network". NBC purchased it in 1989 and renamed it CNBC.


title: Rogers Arena

text: Rogers Arena is a sports arena in Vancouver, British Columbia. The arena opened on September 21, 1995, and is the current home to the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League.


title: VRML

text: VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language, pronounced "vermal", or by its initials, known before 1995 as Virtual Reality Markup Language) is a standard 3-dimensional (3D) interactive vector graphics file format designed for the World Wide Web. It has been succeeded by X3D.


title: Automatic rifle

text: Usually, an automatic rifle is a rifle that continuously fires bullet as long as the trigger is pressed. Cartridge shells are ejected and new cartridges are loaded into the chamber automatically. However, most automatic rifles are designed to give both semi- and fully automatic fire. This is called selective fire. They also rifle bullets from a magazine. These features makes them different from other automatic firearms like the machine gun and submachine gun.


title: Akwid

text: Akwid is a Mexican group that combines the hip hop style with the Mexican regional music. Akwid starts the group in 2000 was known like Juvenile Style. The rappers Francisco "AK" Gómez and Sergio "Wikid" Gómez, who form Akwid, are brothers. They were born in Jiquilpan, Michoacán, but now live in Los Angeles, California.


title: Voiced alveolar lateral approximant

text: The voiced alveolar lateral approximant is a sound used in some spoken languages. The sound is in English and is written as the letter L as in luck or like. Not many languages don’t have this sound.


title: Emancipation reform of 1861

text: The Emancipation Reform of 1861 in Russia, also known as the Emancipation Edict of Russia, ( – "peasants' reform of 1861") was the first and most important of the liberal reforms passed during the reign (1855–1881) of Emperor Alexander II of Russia. The reform effectively abolished serfdom throughout the Russian Empire.


title: Federal Emergency Management Agency

text: is to coordinate the response to a disaster which has occurred in the United States and which overwhelms the resources of local and state authorities. The governor of the state in which the disaster occurred must declare a state of emergency and formally request from the President that FEMA and the federal government respond to the disaster. The only exception is when an emergency or disaster occurs on federal property or to a federal asset, for example, the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, in the 1995 bombing, or the Space Shuttle Columbia in the 2003 return-flight disaster.


title: Rogers Arena

text: The arena was first known as General Motors Place from 1995 to 2010. It was renamed Canada Hockey Place for a short time and held ice hockey events during the 2010 Winter Olympics. The arena used to be the home of the Vancouver Grizzlies from 1995 to 2001 before they moved to Memphis, Tennessee to become the Memphis Grizzlies.


title: VRML

text: VRML uses text files. The vertices, edges, surface colors, UV-mapped textures, shininess, transparency and more of a 3D polygon can be specified. Graphical components can be made to fetch web pages or other VRML files from the Internet from URLs when the user clicks on the graphical component. Animations, sounds, lighting, and other things about the virtual world can interact with the user or can happen when external events say so, such as timers. A special Script Node allows program code (such as program code in Java or ECMAScript) to be added to a VRML file.


title: Automatic rifle

text: Soldiers in the United States Army who carry the M249 SAW are called "automatic riflemen". The weapon is also called an "automatic rifle". However, it is a fully automatic firearm. These are normally called squad automatic weapons (SAW) or light machine guns.


title: Akwid

text: Sergio and Francisco Gómez were born in Jiquilpan, Michoacan, Mexico. They moved to the United States of America to the five and three years respectively. Educated in the streets of Los Angeles, discovered a musical talent and a big worry between the worlds of the "Hip Hop". The group was recognised and pressed effusively the fusion between the music and culture. Akwid gave life and identity to the people that represent the youth in the diverse communities around the world. Appointed pioneers of the gender, the Gómez brothers manage in the world of creation and expression through the music.


title: Emancipation reform of 1861

text: The 1861 Emancipation Manifesto proclaimed the emancipation of the serfs on private estates and of the domestic (household) serfs. By this edict more than 23 million people received their liberty. Serfs gained the full rights of free citizens, including rights to marry without having to gain consent, to own property and to own a business. The Manifesto prescribed that peasants would be able to buy the land from the landlords. Household serfs were the least affected: they gained only their freedom and no land.


title: Rogers Arena

text: Rogers Communications has naming rights for the arena right now. The arena has hosted the WWF's PPV in 1996, ice hockey events during the 2010 Winter Olympics and UFC's 115 and 131.


title: VRML

text: VRML files are commonly called "worlds" and have the .wrl extension (for example, a VRML file can be called island.wrl). VRML files are in plain text and usually compress well using gzip, which is useful to transfer them over the Internet faster (some files compressed using gzip use the .wrz extension). Many 3D modeling programs can save objects and scenes in VRML format.


title: Automatic rifle

text: An assault rifle is quite similar to an automatic rifle. However, it uses less powerful bullets than the machine gun or battle rifle. This allows the soldier using it to control the recoil of the weapon without using a bipod or something similar. Bullets like these are called "intermediate" bullets. For example, the AK-47 assault rifle often uses a 7.62x39mm bullet. The bullet is the same diameter. However, it is smaller and less powerful compared to the 7.62x54mmR. The 7.62x54mmR was what was being used with rifles when the AK-47 was brought in to service.


title: Akwid

text: The first album, "Proyecto Akwid", won two Billboard Prizes and a Grammy to the Best Album of Alternative Latin/Rock.


title: Emancipation reform of 1861

text: In Georgia the emancipation took place later, in 1864, and on much better terms for the nobles than in Russia. The serfs were emancipated in 1861, after a speech given by Tsar Alexander II on 30 March 1856. State owned serfs, i.e., those living on Imperial lands, were emancipated later, in 1866.


title: VRML

text: The Web3D Consortium was started to develop the format further. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) have made VRML and its successor, X3D, international standards.


title: Automatic rifle

text: The very first automatic rifle was the Mexican Mondragón rifle. It was designed by General Manuel Mondragón. He began working on the weapon in 1882. He patented it in 1887. In the 20th century, automatic rifles go back to World War I. This is where the Browning Automatic Rifle (B.A.R.) and Huot were first used. They were supposed to be used like light machine guns to help soldiers attack. However, only the Mondragón rifle and the B.A.R. were used in World War I.


title: Akwid

text: The album Hoy, Ayer, and Forever remixes several songs of the album "2002 A.D." Using his more recent style, the incorporation of the Mexican regional music. The album "KOMP 104.9 Radio Compa" is recorded in the form of a broadcast of a station of radio that only happens music of Akwid. Both albums are of the year 2004. His album" Los Aguacates de Jiquilpan" (2005) is recorded as if it was a tale of fairies that explains his arrival of Mexico to the United States. At present they have signed with the stamp Machete Music, that belongs to Universal musical group.


title: VRML

text: The first version of VRML was specified in November 1994. It was specified from, and looked a lot like, the API and file format of the Open Inventor software component, originally developed by SGI. The development of version 2.0 was guided by the ad-hoc VRML Architecture Group (VAG). A working draft was published in August 1996. Formal collaboration between the VAG and SC24 of ISO began in 1996, and VRML 2.0 was submitted to ISO to be used as an international standard. The current and functionally complete version is VRML97 (ISO/IEC 14772-1:1997). X3D (ISO/IEC 19775-1) has succeeded VRML.


title: Akwid

text: Akwid's song, "Chivas Explosivas!" It is the official hymn of the Sportive Club Chivas USA of the Major League Soccer


title: VRML

text: Dave Raggett created the term VRML in a paper he wrote called “Extending WWW to support Platform Independent Virtual Reality”, which was submitted to the First World Wide Web Conference in 1994, and first discussed at the WWW94 VRML BOF, which Tim Berners-Lee started. There, Mark Pesce showed the Labyrinth demo he developed with Tony Parisi and Peter Kennard. VRML was introduced to a wider audience in the SIGGRAPH Course, VRML: Using 3D to Surf the Web in August 1995. In October 1995, at Internet World, Template Graphics Software (TGS) demonstrated a 3D/VRML plug-in for the beta release of Netscape 2.0 by Netscape Communications.


title: VRML

text: In 1997, a new version of VRML, VRML97 (also known as VRML2 or VRML 2.0), was finalized, and became an ISO standard. VRML97 was used on the Internet on some personal homepages and sites, such as "CyberTown", which used Blaxxun Software to allow 3D chat to be possible. SGI's Cosmo Software supported the format. When SGI restructured in 1998, the division was sold to the VREAM Division of Platinum Technology, which was then taken over by Computer Associates, which did not develop or distribute the software. Because of that, various proprietary Web 3D formats came out over the next few years, including Microsoft Chrome and Adobe Atmosphere, neither of which is supported today. VRML's capabilities were mostly the same while realtime 3D graphics kept improving. The VRML Consortium changed its name to the Web3D Consortium, and began work on the successor to VRML, which is X3D.


title: VRML

text: SGI ran a web site at vrml.sgi.com that hosted a string of regular short performances of a character called "Floops", who was a VRML character in a VRML world. A company called "Protozoa" created Floops.


title: VRML

text: H-Anim is a standard for animated Humanoids, which is based around VRML, and later X3D. The first version of the H-Anim standard, 1.0, was supposed to be submitted at the end of March 1998.


title: VRML

text: VRML never saw much serious widespread use, possibly because most users, such as business users and personal users, had low bandwidth and slow dial-up Internet access.


title: VRML

text: VRML was mostly experimented with in education and research, where an open specification is most valued. It has now been developed into X3D. The MPEG-4 Interactive Profile (ISO/IEC 14496) was based on VRML (now on X3D), and X3D is largely backwards-compatible with it. VRML is also widely used as a file format to distribute 3D models, mostly from CAD systems.


title: VRML

text: A free version of VRML for multiple platforms called OpenVRML is available. Its libraries can be used to add both VRML and X3D support to applications, and a GTK+ plugin that allows VRML/X3D worlds to be rendered in web browsers is available.


title: VRML

text: In the 2000s, many companies, such as Bitmanagement, improved the quality level of virtual effects in VRML to the quality level of DirectX 9.0c using proprietary solutions. All main features like game modeling are already complete. They include multi-pass render with low level setting for Z-buffer, BlendOp, AlphaOp, Stencil, Multi-texture, Shader with HLSL and GLSL support, realtime Render To Texture, Multi Render Target (MRT) and PostProcessing. Many demos show VRML supports lightmap, normalmap, SSAO, CSM and Realtime Environment Reflection and other virtual effects.


title: Spontaneous symmetry breaking

text: Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a way symmetry breaks in a physical system. The underlying laws do not change, but the system as a whole changes. Symmetry breaking in physics occurs when a system is crossing a critical point. Small fluctuations decide the system's fate, by determining which branch is taken.


title: Batman (TV series)

text: Batman is a 1960s American television series, based on the DC comic book character Batman. It aired on the ABC network for two and a half seasons from 1966 to 1968. Even though it was on TV for such a short time, the series had two new episodes each week, giving the show a total of 120 episodes (the equivalent of roughly five regular seasons).


title: Mumia Abu-Jamal

text: Mumia Abu-Jamal (born Wesley Cook on April 24, 1954) is an American activist. He was convicted and sentenced to death for the 1981 murder of police officer Daniel Faulkner in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (U.S.). Before his arrest he was a Black Panther Party activist, taxi driver, and journalist and still continued his efforts in prison. Since the time when he was found guilty, his case has received attention around the world, and he has become a controversial cultural icon. Supporters and opponents disagree on whether it is right for him to receive the death penalty, if he is guilty, or if he received a fair trial. During his imprisonment he has published several books and other commentaries, notably "Live from Death Row". As of 2008, his legal appeals are still unsettled, and he is a prisoner at State Correctional Institution Greene near Waynesburg, Pennsylvania.


title: Spontaneous symmetry breaking

text: Spontaneous symmetry breaking can create a particle called a Higgs boson. This is a particle which is the force transferring particle (boson) of the Higgs field. The Higgs field gives mass to fundamental particles such as electrons. Also, many scientists believe in the Higgs effect (which is very similar to spontaneous symmetry breaking) to answer questions that are not answered in the standard model of physics. The standard model predicts that certain types of quarks should have a mass of zero, while in reality they have a non-zero mass value. Some scientists believe that spontaneous symmetry breaking is the answer.


title: Spontaneous symmetry breaking

text: For spontaneous symmetry breaking to happen, you need an environment which is completely symmetrical, and has at least two outcomes that are equally likely. Spontaneous symmetry breaking starts with two particles that are completely equal; their spin is equal, too. Mathematically, spontaneous symmetry breaking can be extremely puzzling, since you start out with two identical things and end up with two non-identical things. However, in practice, it is not so puzzling. If you have two particles moving at each other with equal speed, it would seem impossible for either of them to do anything but be symmetrical. However, if each particle has an equal 50-50 chance to be spinning one way or another, it is possible–in theory and in practice–to have this symmetry broken. It begins with symmetry to start with because the particles have an equal and symmetrical 50-50 chance of spinning one way or another.


title: Hypercholesterolemia

text: Cholesterol is a molecule in cells. It is a type of lipid which is a fat or fat-like molecule. Cholesterol is a special type of lipid that is called a steroid. Steroids are lipids that have a special chemical structure. This structure is made of four rings of carbon atoms.


title: Over-the-counter drug

text: Over-the-counter drugs (OTC) are drugs that do not need a prescription to be bought. When they are properly used, these drugs do not put the health of the patient in danger. Many OTC drug ingredients which were prescription drugs are now considered safe enough for use without a prescription. In many countries, there are special government agencies that regulate OTC drugs, such as the Food and Drug Administration and the Drug Enforcement Administration in the United States. Certain drugs are classified as over-the counter drugs, but may only be given by a pharmacist. This is often the case with emergency contraception medicine. It may also be the case that a small packet of a certain drug is available over the counter, but that larger packets require a prescription.


title: Sir Thaddeus

text: Sir Thaddeus, or the Last Lithuanian Foray: A Nobleman's Tale from the Years of 1811 and 1812 in Twelve Books of Verse (in Polish "Pan Tadeusz, czyli ostatni zajazd na Litwie. Historia szlachecka z roku 1811 i 1812 we dwunastu księgach wierszem") is a long poem by Polish romantic poet Adam Mickiewicz. It is regarded as a national epic. It was first published in Paris in 1834. The poet was then in exile in France. "Sir Thaddeus" is a story of a conflict between two noble families, the Soplicas and the Horeszkos. The time is 1811 and 1812, shortly before Napoleon invaded Russia. When attacked by Russian soldiers, both families fought against the enemy. The conflict between the families was ended with the marriage of Thaddeus Soplica and Sophia Horeszko.


title: Right to housing

text: The Right to housing is the idea that everyone should have the possibility to live somewhere, to housing and shelter free from homelessness. Many countries recognise it. It is also in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. This means it is part of international law.


title: Hypercholesterolemia

text: Other steroids include hormone steroids like cortisol, estrogen, and testosterone. In fact, all steroid hormones are made from changing the basic chemical structure of cholesterol. When scientists talk about making one molecule from changing simpler ones, they sometimes call it "synthesis".


title: Sir Thaddeus

text: Adam Mickiewicz was born in the East of the former Polish-Lithuanian state. Because of that he called Lithuania his mother-country.


title: Right to housing

text: The base for the right to housing in international law can be found in Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The declaration recognises the right as part of the right to an adequate standard of living.


title: Hypercholesterolemia

text: Cholesterol does many important jobs in a cell. Cholesterols main function is as a structural component of cell membranes. It is also the starting material for bile acids that are made by the liver and used to digest fats, and for steroid hormones. However, it is best known for something bad that it does. High levels of cholesterol can lead to atherosclerosis. This is an inflammatory disease of artery walls in which white blood cells invade the vessel wall and become engorged with cholesterol and other lipids. These


title: Sir Thaddeus

text: Lithuania, my country, thou art like health; how much thou shouldst be prized only he can learn who has


title: Right to housing

text: Article 11(1) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) also guarantees the right to housing as part of the right to an adequate standard of living among economic, social and cultural rights.


title: Hypercholesterolemia

text: areas can slowly close off a blood vessel or can suddenly rupture and trigger formation of a blood clot.


title: Sir Thaddeus

text: lost thee. To-day thy beauty in all its splendour I see and describe, for I yearn for thee. (Translation in prose by George Rapall Noyes).


title: Right to housing

text: In international human rights law the right to housing is regarded as a freestanding right. This was clarified in the 1991 General Comment no 4 on Adequate Housing by the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The general comment provides an authoritative interpretation of the right to housing in legal terms under international law.


title: Hypercholesterolemia

text: Not all cholesterol is bad. There are different kinds of cholesterol in the blood. Doctors often measure these different types to see if someone has hypercholesterolemia.


title: Right to housing

text: The right to housing is also mentioned in Article 28 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Article 16 of the European Social Charter (Article 31 of the Revised European Social charter) and in the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. According to UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, aspects of right to housing under ICESCR include: legal security of tenure; availability of services, materials, facilities and infrastructure; affordability; habitability; accessibility; location and cultural adequacy. As a political goal, right to housing was declared in F. D. Roosevelt's 1944 speech on the Second Bill of Rights.


title: Hypercholesterolemia

text: HDL (high density lipoprotein) is sometimes called 'good cholesterol' because people with high levels of HDL cholesterol have "less" atherosclerosis.


title: Hypercholesterolemia

text: LDL (low density lipoprotein) is sometimes called 'bad cholesterol' because people with high levels of LDL cholesterol have more atherosclerosis.