title: ALF (TV series)

text: The title character is Gordon Shumway, a sarcastic, friendly alien nicknamed ALF, who crash-lands in the garage of the suburban middle-class Tanner family.


title: Statistical hypothesis test

text: So, for example, if the result would only happen by chance 5% of the time, then the experimental hypothesis is supported to the 95% level.


title: ALF (TV series)

text: The series stars Max Wright as father Willie Tanner, Anne Schedeen as mother Kate Tanner, and Andrea Elson and Benji Gregory as their children, Lynn and Brian Tanner. ALF was performed by puppeteer Paul Fusco, who co-created the show with Tom Patchett.


title: ALF (TV series)

text: "ALF" originally ran for four seasons and made 99 episodes. The series ended with an unresolved cliffhanger, but the later TV movie, "Project ALF", gave a series finale for the franchise.


title: ALF (TV series)

text: In August 2018, Warner Bros. Television announced development of an "ALF" reboot. These plans were cancelled in November 2018.


title: Tetraphobia

text: Tetraphobia is a fear of the number 4. It is a superstition found most often in East Asian areas, for example China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan.


title: Tetraphobia

text: The Chinese word for "four" (, pinyin: sì, jyutping: sei), sounds very similar to the word for "death" (, pinyin: sǐ, jyutping: sei).


title: Tetraphobia

text: Chinese people take care not to use the number 4 during important holidays, or if someone in the family is sick. Numbers such as 14, 24, and so on, are not used because they also have the number 4 in them. Buildings sometimes do not have floors with these numbers, apartments and hotels do not have rooms with number 4, 14, 24 and so on. Table number 4, 14, 24, may be often left out in wedding dinners or other social activities in these countries. Where there are a lot of apartment buildings, buildings that should be 4, 14, 24, are called 3A, 13A, 23A, and so on.


title: Tetraphobia

text: In Hong Kong, some apartments such as Vision City and The Arch do not have the floors from 40 to 49. Immediately above 39/F is 50/F, leading many who do not know about tetraphobia to think that some floors are missing.


title: Tetraphobia

text: The Chinese start numbering their military aircraft with the number 5, such as the fighter plane "Shenyang J-5". The Taiwanese and the South Korean navies do not use the number 4 when giving flag numbers to their ships.


title: Tetraphobia

text: In cities where East Asian and Western cultures come together, like Hong Kong and Singapore, it is possible in some buildings that both 13 and 14 are left out as floor numbers, along with all the other 4s.


title: Tetraphobia

text: In Korea, tetraphobia is not as important, but the floor number 4 is almost always left out in hospitals. In other buildings, the fourth floor is sometimes named "F" (Four) instead of "4" in elevators. Apartment numbers with a lot of the number 4 (such as 404) are hard to sell, and often they are not worth as much money.


title: Robert Smith

text: Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1956) is an English musician. He is best known for being the lead singer of The Cure. He has been the only constant member in the band's 37-year history. They have released 13 studio albums and 10 EPs. Their biggest UK hit so far is "Lullaby", which reached number 5. Their biggest US hit is "Lovesong". In 1983, he released an album called "Blue Sunshine" with Alberto y Lost Trios Paranoias' John Scott under the name The Glove. He has worked with other bands like Crystal Castles. He has also sung songs on his own for movie soundtracks.


title: Paparazzi (song)

text: "Paparazzi" is a song by American pop singer Lady Gaga from her first album, "The Fame" (2008). It was released digitally in Ireland and United Kingdom on July 6, 2009 and Australia was released on July 10, 2009 as the prev_title from the album. It is about a stalker who follows someone to become famous. The music video is eight minutes long.


title: Robert Smith

text: Smith can play guitar, bass guitar, double bass, keyboard, violin, flute and trumpet. He has a tenor vocal range. He is married to Mary Poole, who he met at the age of 14 in a drama class.


title: Paparazzi (song)

text: The song managed to reach number one in Germany; the top five in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the UK; and the top ten in the US. It became Gaga's fourth consecutive number-one song on "Billboard"'s Pop Songs airplay chart. On February 29, 2016, the Recording Industry Association of America certified "Paparazzi" 4× Platinum for sales and streams equal to four million copies in the United States.


title: Robert Smith

text: Smith was born in Blackpool, Lancashire. In 1959, his family moved to Trafford, Manchester. In 1963, they moved to Salford, Manchester. He was raised Catholic but later became an atheist. His first band, The Crawley Goat Band, was at the age of 14. In 1976, Smith was a member of a punk rock band called Malice. Smith then formed a band with members of Malice called Easy Cure. In 1978 they became The Cure. In 1979 they released their first album, "Three Imaginary Boys". It got good reviews. In 1999, Smith was going to end The Cure but Ross Robinson persuaded him not to.


title: Robert Smith

text: There have been lots of references to Smith in pop culture. In 2004 in episode 11 of series 2 of "The Mighty Boosh" Vince Noir says to Howard Moon that he can spend the evening with two goth girls if he dresses like a goth. Vince gives Howard a can of "Goth Juice: the most powerful hairspray known to man, made from the tears of Robert Smith". Lush made a hair gel inspired by this called Goth Juice that says 'made from the tears of Robert Smith' on the pot, but they don't make it anymore.


title: Robert Smith

text: Smith appeared in the twelfth episode of season 1 of "South Park", "Mecha-Streisand" in 1998. At the time the episode brought South Park their biggest number of viewers for an episode to date.


title: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a big patch of garbage and debris in the middle of the northern Pacific Ocean. It is caught in the water currents. It formed because currents near the center of the Northern Pacific Ocean move around in a kind of circle, which catches and holds floating pieces of plastic.


title: Proteobacteria

text: They are gram-negative bacteria. This means they do not retain the violet dye in the Gram staining protocol.


title: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: The "Yellowwood Island" actually has two areas, described as an eastern patch and a western patch, which are separated because of ocean currents. Scientists estimate that the size of the "plastic island" is approximately equal to the land area of Texas, United States, but it could be as much as twice the size. Also, it is not really a floating island. It is more like a soup of plastic pieces floating in the ocean just below the surface. It is from California, between Hawaii and Japan.


title: Proteobacteria

text: In a Gram stain test, a counterstain (commonly safranin) is added after the crystal violet, colouring all gram-negative bacteria with a pink colour.


title: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: Many birds, turtles, and other sea animals go to Pacific Islands to lay their eggs and raise their young. Unfortunately, they eat the smaller pieces of plastic, thinking that they are food swimming in the ocean. They also get caught in the garbage. The United Nations Environment Program estimates that the plastic soup causes the death of one million sea birds and 10,000 sea animals every year. Some micro-invertebrates have also been found to eat tiny pieces of plastic with similar results.


title: Proteobacteria

text: The test itself is useful in classifying two distinct types of bacteria based on the structural differences of their cell walls.


title: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: For a long time, people thought the garbage patch was mostly plastic that had been used by ordinary people, like plastic straws and forks. In 2018, scientists found out that most of the plastic in the patch was lost fishing nets and other fishing tools used on large fishing boats.


title: Proteobacteria

text: Proteobacteria include a wide variety of pathogens, such as "Escherichia coli", "Salmonella", "Vibrio", "Helicobacter", and many other notable genera.


title: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: Since the plastics are organic compounds, they tend to absorb other organic compounds, such as pesticides. Scientists have discovered high levels of DDT and other organic compounds in this deadly plastic soup.


title: Proteobacteria

text: Others are free-living, and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation. The group is defined primarily in terms of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences.


title: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: The pieces of plastic come from all over the world. Any country that has a shore or river, where such pieces blow or wash out to sea is a source. Scientists estimate that the United States and other industrial countries contribute less garbage to the plastic island due to modern garbage disposal; but such countries also produce and sell much of the plastic that becomes garbage for non-industrial countries.


title: Proteobacteria

text: Most members are facultatively or obligately anaerobic, chemoautotrophs, and heterotrophic, but there are numerous exceptions.


title: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: Changing winds and currents often cause parts of this plastic island to break away and send pieces of plastic toward the beaches and shorelines of Pacific Islands and the continents. It's considered a major problem for tourism, and because of the problems that it causes the island and ocean environments.


title: Proteobacteria

text: There are alphaproteobacteria in this phylum which are widely found in marine plankton. They may constitute over 10% of the open ocean microbial community.


title: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: In April 2008, Richard Sundance Owen, a building contractor and scuba dive instructor, started the Environmental Cleanup Coalition to solve the problem of the pollution in the North Pacific. They are working with other groups to find ways to safely remove plastic and organic compounds from the oceans.


title: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: Project Kaisei is a project to study and clean up the garbage patch launched in March 2009. In August 2009 two ships from the project, the RV New Horizon and the Kaisei, went to research the patch and decide the possibility of a commercial scale collection and recycling operation.


title: Avoidant personality disorder

text: People diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder are socially inhibited, meaning that they are shy and afraid of social situations. They feel that they are not good people and are afraid of people rejecting them. They are very sensitive to other people saying bad or negative things about them.


title: Credit Suisse

text: The company was founded in 1856 as Schweizerische Kreditanstalt (SKA, ) jointly by Alfred Escher and the German bank which held 50% of the equity.


title: Avoidant personality disorder

text: Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals diagnose people with avoidant personality disorder using a book called the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM-IV-TR). They look at a person's behaviour and how they are feeling. If the person has four or more of the following signs, the DSM-IV-TR says that they have AvPD.


title: UEFA stadium categories

text: UEFA stadium categories are categories for football stadiums laid out in the UEFA Stadium Infrastructure Regulations. Using these regulations, stadiums are rated as category one, two, three, or elite (in order going up). These categories replaced the old method of ranking stadiums as four or five star in 2006. A stadium must be categorised as elite to host the final of the UEFA Champions League or the UEFA Europa League. These are UEFA's two top club competitions.


title: Kevin Sorbo

text: Kevin David Sorbo (born September 24, 1958) is an American actor. He is best known for the roles of Hercules on "" and Captain Dylan Hunt in "Andromeda".


title: Manushi Chhillar

text: Manushi Chhillar (born 14 May 1997) in Haryana, India is Indian model, winner of Miss India 2017 and the winner of the Miss World 2017 beauty contest. She is listed in 6th indian women to won Miss World beauty pageant after Priyanka Chopra. She also won the title of Miss Photogenic in Miss India competition.


title: Petrified wood

text: Petrified wood (from the Greek root Petro meaning "rock" or "stone"; literally "wood turned into stone") is the name given to a special type of fossilized remains of terrestrial vegetation. It is the result of a tree having turned completely into stone by the process of per mineralization. All the organic materials have been replaced with minerals (most often a silicate, such as quartz), while retaining the original structure of the wood. Unlike other types of fossils which are typically impressions or compressions, petrified wood is a three dimensional representation of the original organic material.


title: Kevin Sorbo

text: Sorbo was born in Mound, Minnesota, where he attended Mound Westonka High School. He is the son of Ardis, a nurse, and Lynn Sorbo, a junior high school mathematics and biology teacher. He is of Norwegian descent and was raised in a Lutheran family. Sorbo was educated at Moorhead State University and worked as a model for print and television advertising in the 1980s.


title: Petrified wood

text: The petrifaction process occurs underground, when wood becomes buried under sediment and is initially preserved due to a lack of oxygen which inhibits aerobic decomposition.


title: Kevin Sorbo

text: Sorbo started his acting career in the late 1980s making guest appearances in several television series such as "1st & Ten", "Murder She Wrote" and "The Commish". He was considered for and lost out to Dean Cain as Superman in "Lois and Clark: The New Adventures of Superman" and was a possible contender for the role of Agent Mulder in "The X Files" which went to David Duchovny.


title: Kevin Sorbo

text: In 1994 he shot to fame for playing the role of Hercules in the television movie "Hercules and the Amazon Women". This was the first in a series of television movies that served as pilots for the TV series "" which ran from 1995 to 1999. The series was a huge ratings success throughout different countries becoming one of the most popular syndicated shows in television history and becoming Sorbo's most well-known role. He also guest-starred as Hercules in episodes of the spin-off series "" and provided the voice of Hercules in the animated movie "" which released in 1998. In between the years playing "Hercules" he played his first leading movie role in "Kull the Conqueror" (1997).


title: Kevin Sorbo

text: After Hercules came to an end he played the starring role of Captain Dylan Hunt in the science-fiction drama series "Andromeda" from 2000 to 2005. In 2006 he played a recurring role on the final season of "The O.C" and guest-starred in the sitcom "Two and a Half Men". In 2007 he appeared in the direct-to-video movie "Walking Tall: The Payback" which is a sequel to the 2004 movie "Walking Tall" . He reprised his role in the second sequel "Walking Tall: Lone Justice" which released later that year. He also starred in the Lifetime Channel movie "Last Chance Café", the Hallmark Channel movie "Avenging Angel", co-starring his real life wife Sam Sorbo and guest starred as a bounty hunter in the season 2 episode "Bounty Hunters!" of the series "Psych". Most recently, he has appeared in the spoof movie "Meet the Spartans" which opened at Number One at the U.S. box office charts.


title: Kevin Sorbo

text: Sorbo married actress Sam Jenkins on January 5, 1998.Their first child, son Braedon Cooper Sorbo (7 lb. 8oz), was born on August 22, 2001. Second child, son Shane Haaken Sorbo was born on March 31, 2004. His birth weight of 12 lbs. 6oz. broke the Nevada hospital's record. The couple's third child, daughter Octavia Flynn Sorbo (8 lb. 7oz) was born on October 16, 2005.


title: Kevin Sorbo

text: Sorbo is the spokesman and chair of "A World Fit For Kids", a non-profit organization that trains teenagers to become mentors to younger children.


title: Courtesan

text: A courtesan was often a high-class prostitute or mistress, especially one associated with rich, powerful, or noble men who gave


title: Tori Spelling

text: Victoria Davey "Tori" Spelling (born on May 16, 1973) is an American actress, television writer and producer.


title: Boroughs of New York City

text: New York City is made up of five county-level sections called "boroughs": Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island. All boroughs are part of New York City. Queens is the largest borough.


title: Courtesan

text: luxuries and status in exchange for her services. In Renaissance Europe, courtesans had an important role in high class society, sometimes taking the place of wives at social roles requiring diplomacy. Courtesans usually enjoyed more freedom than was typical of women at the time. For example, they did not have money problems, and were more independent. Madame de Pompadour (1721–1764), the famous mistress and favorite of King Louis XV of France, was a courtesan. Courtesans also existed in many countries outside Europe, such as India and Japan.


title: Tori Spelling

text: Tori has been married to actor (b.1966) since May 7, 2006 after they were dated for 8 months. The spouses have four children together: son Liam Aaron McDermott (b.March 13, 2007), daughters Stella Doreen McDermott (b.June 9, 2008) and Hattie Margaret McDermott (b.October 10, 2011), and another son — Finn Davey McDermott (b.August 30, 2012). Spelling also has a step-son Jack Montgomery McDermott (b.1998) from McDermott's 1st marriage to actress .


title: Boroughs of New York City

text: Boroughs have existed since the official creation of the city in 1898, when the city and each borough assumed their current boundaries. However, the boroughs have not always been part with their respective counties. Before 1914, the borough of The Bronx had been earlier in the southern part of Westchester County which had then been annexed to New York County. Before 1899, the County of Queens included an eastern part, which was split off during the formation to become Nassau County.


title: Nuclear accident

text: A nuclear accident is an accident that releases radioactivity to the environment, harmfully affects people, and causes a nuclear meltdown.


title: Clarence House

text: Clarence House is the home of Charles, Prince of Wales in London. It is part of St James's Palace, and is on The Mall, close to Buckingham Palace (The Queen's home).


title: Alan Menken

text: Alan Irwin Menken (born July 22, 1949) is an American composer, songwriter, conductor, music director and record producer. Menken is best known for his scores and songs for movies produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios.


title: Nuclear accident

text: The most serious nuclear accident has been the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. Other serious nuclear accidents include Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, Three Mile Island accident, the Windscale fire, Mayak accident, and the SL-1 accident. In the period to 2007, 63 major nuclear accidents have occurred at nuclear power plants. Twenty-nine of these have occurred since the Chernobyl disaster, and 71 percent of all nuclear accidents (45 out of 63) occurred in the United States.


title: Clarence House

text: The Prince of Wales lives with his wife, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall there. The Prince of Wales' offices and staff are also based at Clarence House, and any announcements made by his staff are attributed to "Clarence House" as an entity, just like announcements from The Queen are said to be made by "Buckingham Palace".


title: Alan Menken

text: His scores and songs for "The Little Mermaid" (1989), "Beauty and the Beast" (1991), "Aladdin" (1992), and "Pocahontas" (1995) have each won him two Academy Awards.


title: Nuclear accident

text: On 11 March 2011, the Magnitude 9.0 devastating Sendai earthquake and tsunami took place in Japan. As a result, "Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant", "Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Plant", "Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant" and "Tōkai Nuclear Power Plant stations" consisting of eleven (11) reactors were automatically shut down following the earthquake.


title: Clarence House

text: Prince Charles has lived at Clarence House since 2003. The Queen Mother lived at Clarence House from 1953 (the year after the death of her husband (King George VI)) until 2002, when she died.


title: Alan Menken

text: He also composed the scores and songs for "Little Shop of Horrors" (1986), "Newsies" (1992), "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" (1996), "Hercules" (1997), "Home on the Range" (2004), "Enchanted" (2007) and "Tangled" (2010).


title: Nuclear accident

text: At Fukushima Daiichi and Daini tsunami waves went over seawalls and destroyed diesel backup power systems. This loss of power caused severe problems including two large explosions at Fukushima Daiichi and leakage of radiation. Over 200,000 people have been evacuated. Seismic recordings at six assessed nuclear power plant facilities indicated the plants had been exposed to "peak ground accelerations" of 0.037–0.383 "g" and "peak ground velocities" of 6.18–52.62 cm/sec.


title: Alan Menken

text: Menken stated music artists like Lehman Engel, The Rolling Stones, Irving Berlin, Stephen Sondheim, The Beach Boys, Jule Styne, The Beatles, Cole Porter, Leonard Bernstein, George M. Cohan, Oscar Hammerstein II, Richard Rodgers, Elmer Bernstein and Jerry Goldsmith as influences.


title: Nuclear accident

text: One year after the accident, the official death toll related to the Fukushima accident has been five: one caused by the earthquake, another one had a heart attack, two people drowned, and a last person died in October for unreported causes. None of the deaths have been caused by radiation.


title: Nuclear accident

text: The Chernobyl disaster was a major accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant on April 26, 1986, with an explosion at the plant and later radioactive contamination of the surrounding area. It is so far the worst nuclear accident in the history of nuclear power. A plume of radioactive fallout drifted over parts of the western Soviet Union, Eastern and Western Europe, Scandinavia, the UK, Ireland and eastern North America. Large areas of Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia were badly damaged, forcing the people in charge to have to evacuate and resettle more than 336,000 people. About 60% of the radioactive fallout landed in Belarus, according to official post-Soviet data.


title: Nuclear accident

text: The accident made many people worried about the safety of the Soviet nuclear power industry. As a result, plans for more nuclear plants were put on hold and the Soviet government, who were not very open with its data, had to make public more of its data. The now-independent countries of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus have had to spend a lot of money and time on decontamination and health care costs of the Chernobyl accident. Nobody knows how many people died because of this accident. This is because the Soviets covered up information, did not fully complete lists, and did not let doctors list "radiation" as the reason why some people died. Most of the expected long-term deaths, such as that from cancer, have not yet happened and it is hard to say that Chernobyl was the full reason for their deaths.


title: Nuclear accident

text: At Fukushima I and II tsunami waves overtopped seawalls and destroyed diesel backup power systems, leading to severe problems including two large explosions at Fukushima I and leakage of radiation.


title: Nuclear accident

text: On March 28, 1979, the Unit 2 nuclear power plant on the Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station (TMI-2) in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania near Harrisburg suffered a partial core meltdown.


title: Nuclear accident

text: The Three Mile Island accident was the worst accident in American commercial nuclear power generating history, even though it led to no deaths or injuries to plant workers or members of the nearby community.


title: Nuclear accident

text: The accident unfolded over the course of five tense days, as a number of agencies at local, state and federal level tried to diagnose the problem and decide whether or not the on-going accident required a full emergency evacuation of the population. The full details of the accident were not discovered until much later. In the end, the reactor was brought under control. Although approximately 25,000 people lived within five miles of the island at the time of the accident, no identifiable injuries due to radiation occurred, and a government report concluded that "the projected number of excess fatal cancers due to the accident... is approximately one". But the accident had serious economic and public relations consequences, and the cleanup process was slow and costly. It also furthered a major decline in the public popularity of nuclear power, exemplifying for many the worst fears about nuclear technology and, until the Chernobyl disaster seven years later, it was considered the world's worst civilian nuclear accident.


title: Nuclear accident

text: Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station is a nuclear power plant with a single reactor located on the southwest shore of Lake Erie near Oak Harbor, Ohio. According to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Davis-Besse has been the source of two of the top five most dangerous nuclear incidents in the United States since 1979.


title: Nuclear accident

text: The SL-1, or Stationary Low-Power Reactor Number One, was a United States Army experimental nuclear power reactor which underwent a steam explosion and meltdown in January 1961, killing its three operators. The direct cause was the improper withdrawal by a maintenance team of a single reactor control rod. The event is the only reported fatal reactor accident in the United States.


title: Nuclear accident

text: On October 10, 1957, the graphite core of a British nuclear reactor at Windscale, Cumbria, caught fire, releasing substantial amounts of radioactive contamination into the surrounding area. The event, known as the Windscale fire, was considered the world's worst nuclear accident until the Three Mile Island accident in 1979.


title: Nuclear accident

text: The fire itself released an estimated 20,000 curies (700 |terabecquerels) of radioactive material into the nearby countryside. Of particular concern was the radioactive isotope iodine-131, which has a half-life of only 8 days but is taken up by the human body and stored in the thyroid. As a result, consumption of iodine-131 often leads to cancer of the thyroid.


title: Nuclear accident

text: No one was evacuated from the surrounding area, but there was concern that milk might be dangerously contaminated. Milk from about 500 km² of nearby countryside was destroyed (diluted a thousandfold and dumped in the Irish Sea) for about a month.


title: Nuclear accident

text: Mayak is the name of a nuclear fuel reprocessing plants 150 km northwest of Chelyabinsk in Russia. Working conditions at Mayak resulted in severe health hazards and many accidents, with a serious accident occurring in 1957.


title: Nuclear accident

text: The 1957 Kyshtym disaster occurred when the failure of the cooling system for a tank storing tens of thousands of tons of dissolved nuclear waste resulted in a non-nuclear explosion having a force estimated at about 75 tons of TNT (310 gigajoules), which released some 20 MCi (740 petabecquerels) of radiation. Subsequently, at least 200 people died of radiation sickness, 10,000 people were evacuated from their homes, and 470,000 people were exposed to radiation.


title: Nuclear accident

text: Nuclear reactors become easy targets during military conflict and, over the past three decades, have been repeatedly attacked:


title: Takeoff

text: Takeoff is the part of flight in which an aircraft goes from moving along the ground (taxiing) to flying in the air, usually on a runway. For balloons, helicopters and some special aircraft (such as the Harrier), no runway is needed. Takeoff is the opposite of landing.


title: Race track

text: A race track is a special place built for racing. The racing may be for people, animals, or vehicles. Examples of animal racing are horse racing. Examples of vehicle racing are automobiles and motorcycles. A race track may have seats for the spectators to watch the race.


title: Xeon

text: Xeon is a brand of x86 microprocessors designed and manufactured by Intel Corporation. In 1988 Intel released the first microprocessor using the name Xeon.


title: Race track

text: Modern racetracks are designed with safety as the first priority. This is very important for race tracks used in auto racing. Safety for the spectator, track workers, and racers. Fences are often used to protect the spectators from the race track. Barriers, sometimes padded, are used to stop race cars if they run off the track.


title: Race track

text: Most race tracks are a closed loop. The start and finish line is at the same place. Some tracks are "open". They start at one point and end at a different location.


title: Race track

text: Some race tracks are in the general form of a circle or oval. Michigan International Speedway is an example of an oval track. The racers always turn in the same direction. In the United States, they normally turn left. NASCAR runs most of its races on oval tracks.


title: Race track

text: Some race tracks are called road courses. The racers turn both left and right. Donington Park in England is an example of a road course. Formula One runs most of its races on road courses. These types of tracks are often called "circuits", especially in Europe.


title: Race track

text: Some races tracks are temporary street courses. Regular public roads are temporally closed, and the race couse is set-up using the closed roads. One of the most famous street course is Circuit de Monaco. Every year, the Formula One Monaco Grand Prix is held on this course. These types of tracks are usually called "circuits".


title: Sedition

text: Sedition is a term from law, which is used for people who act and speak openly against the government and those in power, to cause an uprising or a rebellion. In many countries, such behaviour is a criminal offence.


title: Geometry Dash

text: Geometry Dash is a rhythm-based platform game developed and published by RobTop Games. It started being sold for two dollars on August 13, 2013. It is a 2D platform game that involves dodging geometric obstacles (spikes, walls, and creatures) in a series of levels that you can complete. You can also create your own levels in the editor, and play levels made by other people. To finish levels, you have to get through the whole level without dying. You can collect items such as coins, stars, orbs, and diamonds. There are different vehicles in the game.


title: Geometry Dash

text: The player uses the keyboard, touch screen, controller, or mouse (depending on what device they are using) to jump over obstacles in each level. The primary goal of each level is to complete the level without dying. If the character dies you are sent back to the beginning of the level. There are other goals such as collecting currencies such as coins, stars, orbs, or diamonds.


title: Geometry Dash

text: There are 21 main levels. 3 of them are demon levels which can be unlocked by collecting coins hidden throughout the levels.


title: Geometry Dash

text: Currency in Geometry Dash can range from being easy to hard to collect. Ways to collect currency are by completing quests for diamonds and completing map packs for secret coins and stars. Beating popular levels will give you orbs and will unlock user coin achievements if you collect the user coins.


title: Geometry Dash

text: Icons are a way of customizing your character. You can get icons by completing quests, achievements, and cracking vaults.


title: Geometry Dash

text: There are 3 different vaults in Geometry Dash. The original Vault requires 10 user coins, The Vault of Secrets requires 50 diamonds, and the Chamber of Time requires the Master Emblem. (sold in Scratch's Shop that requires 500 diamonds) Just like the Icon section, you can unlock different icons by secret codes in the vault.


title: Geometry Dash

text: The level editor uses different blocks, spikes, and decorations for you to add and create to your very own level. The level editor also allows you to do different things for a level. Background color changing, invisibility, movement triggers, and different variety of changes to your level creation. Update 2.1 added multiple different things to the level editor. Including dash orbs, the new spider vehicle, and a new orb, a push-down orb that is black.


title: Geometry Dash

text: RobTop released a number of spinoffs for the game, the first being Geometry Dash Lite, a demo version of the game without a level editor or many of the game's levels and icons. He then released Geometry Dash Meltdown, a teaser for GD 2.1 in 2015, Geometry Dash World, a teaser for 2.2 in 2016, and finally, Geometry Dash SubZero, another teaser for 2.2 in 2017.


title: Firuz Shah Tughluq

text: Sultan Firuz Shah Tughluq (1309 – 20 September 1388) was a Muslim ruler of the Tughluq Dynasty, who reigned over the Delhi Sultanate from 1351 to 1388. His father's name was Rajab (the younger brother of Ghazi Malik) who had the title "Sipahsalar". He succeeded his cousin Muhammad bin Tughlaq following the latter's death in 1351 at Thatta in Sindh, where Muhammad bin Tughlaq had gone in pursuit of Taghi the Muslim ruler of Gujarat. For the first time in the history of Delhi Sultanate, a situation was confronted wherein nobody was ready to accept the reins of power. With much difficulty, the camp followers convinced Firuz to accept the responsibility. In fact, Khawaja Jahan, the Wazir of Muhammad bin Tughlaq had placed a small boy on throne claiming him to be the son of Muhammad bin Tughlaq, who meekly surrendered afterwards. Firuz Shah Tughlaq thereafter reigned upon the throne of Delhi and took control of the Delhi Sultanate. Due to widespread unrest, his realm was much smaller than Muhammad's. Tughlaq was forced by rebellions to concede virtual independence to Bengal and other provinces. However, he reconquered Bengal in 1364. Firuz Shah Tughlaq was a religious Sunni Muslim who established Sharia across his entire sultanate. In Delhi, Firuz Shah Tughlaq constructed a jamia masjid called Jamia-i-Miri ("mosque of miri") and asked all the Muslim scholars (ulama) and mystics to assemble there for the Friday prayers.


title: Network model (database)

text: Database systems use a network model to store their data in a graph. Much like the Hierarchical database model, the nodes of the graph contain information. The information is stored in a graph, so one parent can have many children, and one child can relate to several parents. The model is also known as CODASYL model, because it was originally proposed by the CODASYL consortium (who also developed COBOL).


title: Met Gala

text: Met Gala or Met Ball is an annual festival for the benefit of the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Costume Institute in New York City. It's also about annual fashion exhibit where the celebrities take part in. The Met Gala was established in 1948. Since 1973 this event has become "a jewel in New York City’s social crown". This is also called as the Super Bowl of fashion.


title: Met Gala

text: The Costume Institute at the Met has been existed since 1959. Firstly the gala was annual benefit for New York charities. The attendees were members of New York high society. Then fashion designer Diana Vreeland bring it into the spotlight from 1973.


title: Bushido (rapper)

text: Bushido is a German rapper. He was born in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, 28 September 1978 and raised in Berlin. His real name is Anis Mohamed Youssef Ferchichi. Bushido left the record company Aggro Berlin in 2001. Now he has his own record label ersguterjunge and insults his old label, for example in the song "Sonnenbank Flavour". Other big hits are "Von der Skyline zum Bordstein und zurück" and "Nie Ein Rapper" ( "Never a rapper" ). In 2006, he won the category German act of the European Music Awards in Copenhagen.


title: 1981 Irish hunger strike

text: The 1981 Irish Hunger Strike was a hunger protest in Northern Ireland by Irish republican prisoners during the Troubles. During the protest, seven prisoners from the Provisional Irish Republican Army and three from the Irish National Liberation Army starved themselves to death in the hunger strike. The first to die, Bobby Sands, was elected as a Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom during his hunger strike.


title: Kebechet

text: In the Ancient Egyptian religion, Kebechet (also known as Qebehet, Kebhut, Kebehut, Qebehut, and Kabechet) was the goddess of freshness and purification. She was known as the "wandering goddess" or the "lost child". She was the daughter of Anubis and his wife Anput and was thought to help her father in his role as the god of embalming. She was particularly associated with embalming fluid used during mummification.


title: Bushido (rapper)

text: The artist name "Bushido" is Japanese and means "Way of the Warrior". Bushido was raised by his mother. He met his Tunisian father when he was 26 years old. Bushido was raised in Berlin-Tempelhof and went to the "Gymnasium" (German "grammar school", the highest school form) which he quit without his Abitur (German "A-level", right to study at university). He started his drug-selling career.


title: 1981 Irish hunger strike

text: By the end of the protest 10 prisoners had died. Their names, paramilitary affiliation, dates of death, and length of hunger strike are as follows:


title: Kebechet

text: Kebechet was often depicted as a snake, sometimes with a body of stars. She was also depicted as a woman with the head of a snake. Sometimes she takes the form of an ostrich, linking her to the goddess of Ma´at who represented justice and balance in the universe and was involved in the judgement of the dead.


title: Bushido (rapper)

text: He first came to rap through graffiti where he painted walls using the name "Fuchs" (German "Fox"). He learned about rap music from his friend Vader(-licious) from DMK (Dark Mingz Klique). Together with King Orgasmus, the three recorded a tape under the name "030" which is the telephone number for Berlin. Bushido's first commercial appearance was on the Frauenarzt-Tape with King Orgasmus for I Luv Money Records in 2002. A short time later he published his self-made first album "King of Kingz".


title: Bushido (rapper)

text: German Rap is based on a monarchy view of things. Everything is a kingdom and the best rappers are kings. There are currently three Kings: Kool Savas, Azad and Bushido himself. However at that time, nobody knew him, but his raps were thought of being very good. Because he knew that, he named his record "King of Kingz". He said "there can be 2 Kings, one for Berlin (Kool Savas) and one for Frankfurt am Main (Azad). Whatever. I shit on 'em. I'm the King. There is noone despite me. Fuck it. I'm the King of Kings."


title: Bushido (rapper)

text: This record was his way up. He was signed by Aggro Berlin which released this tape. He then made his well known record "Carlo, Cokxxx, Nutten" (English: "Carlo, Cocain, Hoes") and "Vom Bordstein bis zu Skyline" ("From Pavement to the Skyline") which gained him fame nationwide.


title: Bushido (rapper)

text: In 2004 he quit Aggro Berlin and started his own label Ersguterjunge ("First best boy", a term which was used in the 1930s). He recorded albums and released them every 6 months. Including "Electroghetto", "Carlo, Cokxxx, Nutten 2" and "Staatsfeind Nr 1" ( "State enemy No. 1"). He was officially accused for making racist material and disrespect of minorities and females. However, this could not stop him from gaining success and fame. All his Albums gained Top-3 Chart placements. He was the first German Rapper to have two Albums in TOP-10 Charts placement.


title: Bushido (rapper)

text: Other rappers, for example the American rapper Raptile, said that Bushido rapped about a way of life he never lived. Media like CNN showed that this is not true. In August 2005 he was sentenced to jail in Austria for beating someone with his bodyguards. They beat up the person because that person damaged the tires of his car. The Austrian judge gave him the option to pay 100.000 Euro ( 150,000 USD) to get out of jail. This was the highest amount possible by law and the judge thought Bushido could not afford that.


title: The Legend of Zelda: Spirit Tracks

text: The Legend of Zelda: Spirit Tracks, released as in Japan, is the fifteenth game of Nintendo's "The Legend of Zelda" series. Made by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS, it was released December 2009 after Nintendo president Satoru Iwata announced the game at the 2009 Game Developers Conference. It is a sequel to the 2002/2007 GameCube/DS games: "" and ""


title: Statistical process control

text: Statistical process control (SPC) is the use of statistical methods to assess the stability of a process and the quality of its outputs. For example, consider a bottling plant. The entire system of production that produces filled bottles is termed a "process". Suppose the weight of liquid content added to a bottle is critical for cost control and customer satisfaction. The content should weigh 250 grams, but it is acceptable if the actual weight is between 245 and 255 grams. "Monitoring" means that the weight of every bottle is measured and recorded; sampling means that only a few bottles (say one in a thousand) are actually weighed (analysis to determine the rate of sampling and to assess sample representativeness is a well-established part of SPC.)


title: The Iron Sheik

text: Hossein Khosrow Ali Vaziri (born March 15, 1943, in Tehran, Iran) better known by his ring name, The Iron Sheik, is a semi-retired Iranian professional wrestler that is best known for wrestling for NWA and WCW under the ring name The Iron Sheik.


title: The Legend of Zelda: Spirit Tracks

text: "Spirit Tracks" takes place 100 years after the events of "". Link is going to graduate to a train engineer. He travels to Hyrule Castle to receive his engineer's certificate from Princess Zelda. Zelda asks Link to bring her out of the castle so she can see the Tower of Spirits, where she thinks something has happened to make the Spirit Tracks fade away. On the way to the Tower of Spirits, the tracks fade from under Link's train and the tower breaks into pieces. The group is attacked by a horned demon named Cole, and a mercenary named Byrne. Cole uses dark magic to separate Zelda's spirit from her body and leaves, taking Zelda's body with him.


title: Statistical process control

text: SPC relies on quantitative and graphic analysis of measurements to evaluate observed variation. If the attributes of interest (content weight in this example) vary within an acceptable range, a process is said to be "in control," "in statistical control," or "stable." When unacceptable variation is noted, actions are typically taken to determine and correct their cause. In the bottling example, suppose too many bottles are filled with less than 245 grams. Checking the plant equipment reveals that one of ten filler valves is malfunctioning.


title: The Iron Sheik

text: He is a one-time WWF Champion, three-time WWF Tag Team Championship with Nikolai Volkoff and was also inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2005 by Sgt. Slaughter.


title: The Legend of Zelda: Spirit Tracks

text: "Spirit Tracks" keeps its style of game play from "", in which players use the stylus to control Link and use his weapons, items, and vehicle. The game is divided into an overworld, which Link travels using the Spirit Tracks, and towns and dungeons which he travels by foot. The player moves about the towns and dungeons in order to complete the game's main story. They can also take part in side quests for more rewards. In both the towns and in dungeons, the player is able to make notes on their current map as an aid in puzzle solving.


title: Statistical process control

text: SPC has had broad application in manufacturing since its introduction in the 1920s and in many other kinds of repetitive activities.


title: The Iron Sheik

text: He ended the near six year World Wrestling Federation Championship reign of Bob Backlund and was the man Hulk Hogan defeated for his first WWF Championship. He is also known for his shoot interviews on The Howard Stern Show, Opie and Anthony and Kidd Chris and also the internet.


title: Statistical process control

text: Much of the power of SPC lies in the ability to examine a process, for the sources of variation in that process, by using tools which give weight to objective analysis over subjective opinions and which allow the strength of each source to be determined numerically. Variations in the process, which might affect the quality of the end-product or service can be detected and corrected, thus reducing waste as well as the likelihood that problems will be passed on to the customer. With its emphasis on early detection and prevention of problems, SPC has a distinct advantage over other quality methods, such as inspection, which apply resources to detecting and correcting problems after they have occurred.


title: Statistical process control

text: In addition to reducing waste, SPC can lead to a reduction in the time required to produce the product or service from end-to-end. This is partially due to a reduced likelihood that the final product will have to be reworked, but it may also result from using SPC data to identify bottlenecks, wait times, and other sources of delays within the process. Process cycle time reductions, coupled with improvements in yield, have made SPC a valuable tool from both a cost-reduction and a customer-satisfaction standpoint.


title: Statistical process control

text: Statistical process control was pioneered by Walter A. Shewhart in the early 1920s. Shewhart created the basis for the control chart and the concept of a state of "statistical control" by carefully designed experiments. While Dr. Shewhart drew from pure mathematical statistical theories, he understood that data from physical processes seldom produces a "normal distribution curve" (a Gaussian distribution, also commonly referred to as a "bell curve"). He discovered how the observed variation in manufacturing data did not always behave the same way as data in nature (for example, Brownian motion of particles). Dr. Shewhart concluded that while every process displays variation, some processes display controlled variation that is natural to the process (common causes of variation), while others display uncontrolled variation that is not present in the process causal system at all times (special causes of variation). Uncontrolled variation is often associated with defective products, providing a data-driven means to identify problems and improve quality.


title: Statistical process control

text: W. Edwards Deming later applied SPC methods in the U.S. during World War II, thereby successfully improving quality in the manufacture of munitions and other strategically important products. After the war ended, he was instrumental in introducing SPC methods to Japanese industry. Deming's approach of using SPC with related management practices came to be known as a quality management system.


title: Statistical process control

text: The following description relates to manufacturing rather than to the service industry, although the principles of SPC can be successfully applied to either. For a description and example of how SPC applies to a service environment, refer to Roberts (2005). Selden describes how to use SPC in the fields of sales, marketing, and customer service, using Deming's famous Red Bead Experiment as an easy to follow demonstration.


title: Statistical process control

text: In mass-manufacturing, the quality of the finished article was traditionally achieved through post-manufacturing inspection of the product; accepting or rejecting each article (or samples from a production lot) based on how well it met its design specifications. In contrast, Statistical Process Control uses statistical tools to observe the performance of the production process in order to predict significant deviations that may later result in rejected product.


title: Statistical process control

text: Two kinds of variation occur in all manufacturing processes: both these types of process variation cause subsequent variation in the final product. The first is known as natural or common cause variation and consists of the variation inherent in the process as it is designed. Common cause variation may include variations in temperature, properties of raw materials, strength of an electrical current etc. The second kind of variation is known as special cause variation, or assignable-cause variation, and happens less frequently than the first. With sufficient investigation, a specific cause, such as abnormal raw material or incorrect set-up parameters, can be found for special cause variations.


title: Statistical process control

text: For example, a breakfast cereal packaging line may be designed to fill each cereal box with 500 grams of product, but some boxes will have slightly more than 500 grams, and some will have slightly less, in accordance with a distribution of net weights. If the production process, its inputs, or its environment changes (for example, the machines doing the manufacture begin to wear) this distribution can change. For example, as its cams and pulleys wear out, the cereal filling machine may start putting more cereal into each box than specified. If this change is allowed to continue unchecked, more and more product will be produced that fall outside the tolerances of the manufacturer or consumer, resulting in waste. While in this case, the waste is in the form of "free" product for the consumer, typically waste consists of rework or scrap.


title: Statistical process control

text: By observing at the right time what happened in the process that led to a change, the quality engineer or any member of the team responsible for the production line can troubleshoot the root cause of the variation that has crept in to the process and correct the problem.


title: Statistical process control

text: SPC indicates when an action should be taken in a process, but it also indicates when NO action should be taken. An example is a person who would like to maintain a constant body weight and takes weight measurements weekly. A person who does not understand SPC concepts might start dieting every time his or her weight increased, or eat more every time his or her weight decreased. This type of action could be harmful and possibly generate even more variation in body weight. SPC would account for normal weight variation and better indicate when the person is in fact gaining or losing weight.


title: Statistical process control

text: Statistical Process Control may be broadly broken down into three sets of activities: understanding the process; understanding the causes of variation; and elimination of the sources of special cause variation. Key tools in SPC are control charts, a focus on continuous improvement and designed experiments.


title: Statistical process control

text: In understanding a process, the process is typically mapped out and the process is monitored using control charts. Control charts are used to identify variation that may be due to special causes, and to free the user from concern over variation due to common causes. This is a continuous, ongoing activity. When a process is stable and does not trigger any of the detection rules for a control chart, a process-capability analysis may also be performed to predict the ability of the current process to produce conforming (i.e. within specification) product in the future.


title: Statistical process control

text: When excessive variation is identified by the control-chart detection rules, or the process capability is found lacking, additional effort is exerted to determine causes of that variance. The tools used include Ishikawa diagrams, designed experiments and Pareto charts. Designed experiments are critical to this phase of SPC, as they are the only means of objectively quantifying the relative importance of the many potential causes of variation.


title: Statistical process control

text: Once the causes of variation have been quantified, effort is spent in eliminating those causes that are both statistically and practically significant (i.e. a cause that has only a small but statistically significant effect may not be considered cost-effective to fix; however, a cause that is not statistically significant can never be considered practically significant). Generally, this includes development of standard work, error-proofing and training. Additional process changes may be required to reduce variation or align the process with the desired target, especially if there is a problem with process capability.


title: Statistical process control

text: In 1989, the Software Engineering Institute introduced the notion that SPC can be usefully applied to non-manufacturing processes, such as software-engineering processes, in the Capability Maturity Model (CMM). This idea exists today within the Level 4 and Level 5 practices of the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI). However, this notion that SPC is a useful tool when applied to non-repetitive, knowledge-intensive processes, such as engineering processes, has encountered much skepticism, and remains controversial today. The problem lies in numerous areas of software which are not repetitive, but instead are one-time or one-off aspects of quality, rather than being observed for repeated performance over a long-term view.


title: Muhammad Azam Shah

text: Muhammad Azam Shah is the successor of the last Mughal emperor Aurangzeb after his death in 1707. He is also the elder son of Aurangzeb. He was at throne from 14 March 1707 to 8 June 1707.


title: Muhammad Azam Shah

text: He was born on 28 June 1653 to Aurangzeb and his first wife and chief consort Dilras Banu Begum. He was also a timurid from father's blood and a Persian Safavid by mother's blood. He was the grandson of Shah Nawaz Khan Safavi, the Safavid Emperor of Persia and father of Azam Shah's mother.


title: Muhammad Azam Shah

text: After his father Emperor Aurangzeb's death, he ruled the empire. Then a succession war took place between the three sons of Aurangzeb. Azam Shah and his son were killed in the Battle of Jajau on 8 June 1707 by his step brother Bahadur Shah I, who ruled the empire by killing his both brothers in war.


title: Crystal Bowersox

text: Crystal Lynn Bowersox (Born August 4, 1985, in Elliston, Ohio) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She was the runner-up in the ninth season of "American Idol". Her debut album was "Farmer's Daughter", released in 2010. She was diagnosed with diabetes when she was age 6 and has been hospitalized several times since.


title: Roots rock

text: Roots rock is a type of rock music that has folk, blues and country music in it. It was created in the United States during the 1960s. The genre later spread into country rock and southern rock. Some popular artists that played roots rock include Creedence Clearwater Revival, Bonnie Raitt and The Rolling Stones.


title: Pot-in-pot refrigerator

text: The pot-in-pot refrigerator, also known as a Zeer in Arabic, is a food cooling device. It works by using the evaporation of water. It needs no electricity.


title: Great Fire of New York (1776)

text: The Great Fire of New York was a large fire in New York City. It burned through the night of September 21, 1776 on the west side of the former boundaries of New York City at the southern end of the island of Manhattan. It started when the British Army took control of the city during the American Revolutionary War. Many think that Washington's men, who had recently lost the Battle of Long Island, started the fire to hamper British shipping of materials. Others believe that the British Army started the fire in an attempt to burn Whitehall.


title: Pot-in-pot refrigerator

text: It is made by putting a clay pot inside a larger clay pot with wet sand in between the pots and a wet cloth on top. As the water evaporates it cools the inside, letting food stored in the inner pot to be kept fresh for some time. It must be placed in a dry, ventilated place for the water to evaporate to the outside.


title: Great Fire of New York (1776)

text: The fire destroyed 10 to 25% of the city. Some of the unburned parts of the city were ransacked. The lack of housing made difficulties for war refugees who went to the city to escape the Rebels elsewhere.


title: Pot-in-pot refrigerator

text: Mohammed Bah Abba of Nigeria patented the device in 1995 and was awarded a Rolex prize in 2000 for developing the “pot-in-pot preservation/cooling system”. However, the device was known at least as early as the Middle Kingdom of Egypt, as seen by the hieroglyphic kbb, "to cool".


title: Pot-in-pot refrigerator

text: Earthenware wine coolers work on the same principle. They are soaked in cold water for a while, then emptied and put on the table. The pores of the earthenware are now full of water. Evaporation from the earthenware keeps white wine cool enough for several hours.


title: Candidatus

text: It is a label put before the name of a bacterium which cannot be grown on an agar plate or in any other bacteriology culture. An example would be ""Candidatus" Phytoplasma allocasuarinae". Candidatus status may be used when a species or genus is well studied but cannot be cultured. Nowadays much information is got by 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis.


title: Candidatus

text: For correct publication of a species, bacteria must be isolated, cultured, described, and deposited in a bacteriology culture collection. However, some bacteria require special tissue culture conditions and cannot be maintained in Bacteriology Culture Collections. This includes bacteria which live inside other organisms or cells. These include obligately intracellular pathogens and endosymbionts, insect symbionts, and populations from oceans or sludge.


title: Candidatus

text: In 1994, Murray and Schleifer published a taxonomic note. They recommended that the new category of indefinite rank (Candidatus) be established for certain putative taxa that could not be described in sufficient detail to warrant establishment of a new taxon. It was also recommended that a Candidatus list should be established in the "International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology".


title: Candidatus

text: According to the "IRPCM Phytoplasma/Spiroplasma Working Team – Phytoplasma taxonomy group" the abbreviation for Candidatus should be Ca.


title: Wigger

text: The term wigger means a person who by act does things that stereotypically are related to urban African Americans, Black British and Caribbean culture, especially in relation to hip hop culture and British Grime/Garage scene. The word can also be spelled as wigga, whigger or whigga, also known as acting black. Other words for "wigger" include wankster and wangsta.


title: Turntable ladder

text: A Turntable ladder is a kind of fire truck use for attack the fire in height. It's generally a truck with a mobile ladder. Some had a cradle.


title: Wigger

text: The term originates from a blend of the word "white" and the insulting term "nigger". The word is considered offensive by some because of its sameness to "nigger". Also known to be offensive due to stereotypical ideas about urban blacks.


title: Wigger

text: The act of white people using stereotypical black actions, slang, and clothing has appeared in many generations since slavery was removed in the western world. The concept has been documented in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia and other white-majority countries. An early form of this was the "white negro" in the jazz and swing music scenes of the 1920s and 1930s; as seen in the 1957 Norman Mailer essay, "The White Negro: Superficial Reflections on the Hipster"." It was later seen in the Zoot suiter of the 1930s and 1940s; the hipster of the 1940s; and the beatnik and rock and roller of the 1950s.


title: Parqués

text: Parqués is the Colombian board game. The game is similar to those in the Cross and Circle family (the category that includes Pachisi). The game is described as a "random thinking" one: the moves depend on the roll of the dice but players must consider possible strategies before executing their move. The objective of the game is to advance all the pieces to the end.


title: Parqués

text: Parqués is the Colombian version of Pachisi, which originated in India. Although it could be argued that the game comes from Spain (exactly as a derivation from Parchís) due to the similarity between both games, there is wide agreement in Colombia that the game is completely Colombian. Parqués stems directly from Pachisi in the same way as Parcheesi, Parchís or Ludo. There is no proof to the claim that it stems from a country other than India. Moreover, no Parqués game is played in any other Latin American countries, neither the world.


title: Parqués

text: Parqués is a mixture of the original Indian game and the influences of local Colombian culture. Other Colombian variations also exist.


title: Parqués

text: In Colombia, people from all parts of the country play the game; it is very popular, played by both children and adults. Adults usually play the game by betting money on the first piece, on capturing pieces, or on winning the game, to make gameplay more interesting. There are boards for 4, 6 and 8 players. The boards usually contain pictures of soccer teams, singers, actors, or other cultural figures on the jail boxes.


title: Parqués

text: The board itself is usually placed on a box covered by glass. The use of glass is to allow dice to be thrown more easily. There are versions of the board that are made from paper to make it portable.


title: Parqués

text: Parqués is played with two dice; two to eight players can compete in the same match, depending on what type of game board is used. Each player is given four pieces and uses a specific colour. The most common colours are red, blue, yellow and green, usually arranged in that order. The game can also be played with fewer than four pieces


title: Parqués

text: The jail box is where the pieces are placed at the beginning of the match and is where they go whenever an opponent "captures" them. The player throws the dice three times and attempts to get a pair in order to "free" the pieces. Rolling different pairs or "doubles" allows more pieces to be "freed":


title: Parqués

text: When the pieces are freed, they are placed in a special box next to the jail. This box is called "Home", or "Salida" (literally, "exit" in Spanish).


title: Parqués

text: If a player does not roll any pairs during his turn, he passes the dice to the player on his right. Otherwise, he frees the pieces and wins an extra turn to move them. He throws again and must move the values of the dice with his pieces.


title: Parqués

text: The pieces cannot advance backwards and they cannot be in any of the four boxes before their "Home" box.


title: Parqués

text: The player can capture an opponent’s piece by placing his own piece on the same box as the other player’s piece. However, he cannot capture a piece that is on a SAFE or a HOME box. Capturing in Colombia is called “eating” (“comer” in Spanish).


title: Parqués

text: However, the player can capture pieces on his HOME box. When he frees any piece from jail, the pieces placed on his HOME are captured, that is, sent to its jail, losing all their advances.


title: Parqués

text: The player can avoid capturing the piece. On that case, an opponent has to accuse him and the piece that did not capture must go to jail. If nobody notices, nothing happens.


title: Brent Wilson

text: Brent Wilson is the former bassist for the rock band, Panic! at the Disco. He was replaced by Jon Walker on May 17, 2006.


title: Italian invasion of French Somaliland

text: The Italian invasion of French Somaliland was an Italian campaign during World War II. It resulted in an Italian occupation of nearly 1/4 of the French Somaliland territory from summer 1940 until spring 1941.


title: Italian invasion of French Somaliland

text: In summer 1940 the Italians occupied the western areas of French Somaliland, while attacking southern France. The armistice stopped their advance. In early 1941 they withdrew from the areas occupied, because of the British attacks on Italian East Africa (Eritrea, Somalia & Ethiopia).


title: Italian invasion of French Somaliland

text: In June 1940 and until September 1940 the Italians did a series of attacks in Africa: one was in the "Cote Francaise des Somalis" (now called Djibouti).


title: Italian invasion of French Somaliland

text: In June 1940 the French commander in Djibouti, Brigadier-General Paul Legentilhomme, had nearly 9,000 men in seven battalions of Senegalese and Somali infantry. Legentilhomme also had three batteries of field guns, four batteries of anti-aircraft guns, a company of 16 light Renault R35 tanks, four companies of militia and irregulars, two platoons of camel corps, and an assortment of 18 aircraft.


title: Italian invasion of French Somaliland

text: The Italians had on the eastern border of their Italian Ethiopia -under the "Commander" General Guglielmo Nasi and with the support of the "Regia Aeronautica"- nearly 40,000 soldiers: the 40th Infantry Division Cacciatori d'Africa of General Giovanni Varda, the 65th Infantry Division Granatieri di Savoia of general Amedeo Liberati and 6 colonial brigades supported by 4 tank companies (mainly Fiat L3/35 tankettes) and by one Armored Car Company with Fiat 611 "autoblindo".


title: Italian invasion of French Somaliland

text: But only the Italian colonial troops (the brigades were made mainly of Eritrean Ascari) fought inside the French Somaliland, while the division "Cacciatori D'Africa" only entered southern coastal French Somalia during the August attack on British Zeila.


title: Italian invasion of French Somaliland

text: After Italy's declaration of war on France and Great Britain on June 10, there were in the following week some skirmishing between the French and Italians around the railroad connecting Addis Ababa to Djibouti: the nearby French fort of Ali-Sabieh was hit by Italian colonial troops.


title: Italian invasion of French Somaliland

text: The invasion was started from Italian Ethiopia's Harrar Governorate, when colonial troops of general Guglielmo Nasi attacked the fort of Ali-Sabieh in the south and Daddato in the north. After some days of heavy fighting the french garrisons surrendered to the Italian colonial troops. There were initial skirmishes even in the area of Dagguirou and around the lakes Abhe & Ally.


title: Italian invasion of French Somaliland

text: After the first week the Italian aviation started to attack: on 17 June some Italian IMAM Ro.37 aircraft undertook a reconnaissance of Djibouti, noting five or six warships in the port and about twenty aircraft at a nearby aerodrome. On 21 June eleven Caproni Ca.133s bombed Djibouti in the largest raid of the colony's brief war. Anti-aircraft fire was intense and two Italian aircraft failed to return, but fires and explosions were seen in Djibouti.


title: Italian invasion of French Somaliland

text: Overnight, several waves of Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 bombers attacked the port facilities. On 22 June the Italians suspected the British might try to establish a forward base at Djibouti, and five Ro.37bis, four Fiat CR.42 and one Fiat CR.32 aircraft hit the airfield there. Some French Potez 25 reconnaissance aircraft bombed Italian installations at Dewele in retaliation.


title: Italian invasion of French Somaliland

text: The invasion was also done inside the ""Territorial waters"" of French Somaliland in the gulf of Tadjoura. Since the first week the Italian Navy sent two submarines ("Torricelli" & "Perla") to patrol the waters in front of Djibouti city, Tadjoura and Oblock.


title: Italian invasion of French Somaliland

text: The Armistice of Villa Incisa (previously written on June 24) requested officially on June 25 the "forced demilitarisation of Gibuti", according to articles 3, 5 and 9.


title: Italian invasion of French Somaliland

text: Finally between 1 and 10 July 1940 several clashes with the Italians took place again on the plain of Hanlé, at Ali-Sabieh and along the railroad. The border area of western French Somalia was occupied by Italian troops, who withdrew from Hanlé in October 1940 and only in March 1941 from Dagguirou.


title: Italian invasion of French Somaliland

text: Since July the Italians occupied nearly 1/4 of French Somaliland, but it was nearly all a semi-desert and depopulated region. Meanwhile, as a consequence of the problems about Legentilhomme withdrawal, the Italians reinforced their garrisons in Hanlé and Daggirou (also with the construction of a new road from Italian Eritrea).


title: Italian invasion of French Somaliland

text: When Italian troops attacked British Somaliland in August 1940, they occupied the southern coast of the "Cote Francaise des Somalis": the 17th Colonial Brigade under Colonel Agosti occupied the French fort at Loyada on the border with British Somaliland. Later, when the Italian invasion of British Somaliland began on 3 August, the forces at Loyada moved on Zeila, which they conquered by 5 August.


title: Italian invasion of French Somaliland

text: Dagguirou (and all northern French Somaliland bordering Italian Eritrea) remained under Italian control until March 1941.


title: Rose Schlossberg

text: Rose Kennedy Schlossberg (born June 25, 1988) is an American actress and internet content creator. She is the eldest child of U.S. Ambassador Caroline Kennedy and the first born and eldest grandchild of President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis.


title: Rose Schlossberg

text: Rose Kennedy Schlossberg was born on June 25, 1988, to attorney Caroline Kennedy and fashion designer, Edwin Schlossberg in New York City. She is the eldest and first born grandchild of her maternal grandparents, John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis.


title: Rose Schlossberg

text: Schlossberg was named after her maternal great grandmother, Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy and was also described as a look-alike of her maternal grandmother, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. She has two younger siblings named, Tatiana Schlossberg and Jack Schlossberg.


title: Rose Schlossberg

text: She attended schools and universities such as, Brearley School, Harvard University, and New York University.


title: Rose Schlossberg

text: In 2016, Schlossberg co-launched a comedy end time web series with Mara Nelson Greenberg, called "End Times Girls Club."


title: Battle of Nalapani

text: The Battle of Nalapani was the first battle of the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814–1816. The forces of the British East India Company fought against Nepal, then ruled by the House of Gorkha. The battle took place around the Nalapani fort, near Dehradun. The British besieged the fort between 31 October and 30 November 1814. The fort's garrison was commanded by Captain Balbhadra Kunwar. Major-General Rollo Gillespie, who had previously fought in the Battle of Java, was in charge of the attacking British troops. Gillespie was killed on the first day of the siege while rallying his men and despite considerable odds, both in terms of numbers and firepower, Balbhadra and his 600-strong garrison successfully held out against more than 5,000 British troops for over a month.


title: Shama (TV series)

text: Shama is an orphaned girl (her father dies in childhood and her mother leaves home) but Shama is raised and learned doctor by her grandfather Ahmed Ali and all the family members. Shama is run her private clinic


title: Battle of Nalapani

text: First two costly attempts to seize the fort by direct attack were unsuccessful. The British then tried to force the garrison to surrender by cutting off the fort's water supply. After three days of thirst, on the last day of the siege, Balbhadra refused to surrender. He led the 70 surviving members of the garrison in a charge against the besieging force. Fighting their way out of the fort, the survivors escaped into the nearby hills. Considering the time, effort, and resources spent to capture the small fort, it was a pyrrhic victory for the British. A number of later engagements, including one at Jaithak, unfolded in a similar way; but more than any other battle of the war, the fighting around Nalapani established the Gurkhas' reputation as warriors. As a result, they were later recruited by the British to serve in their army.


title: The Lion King II: Simba's Pride

text: The Lion King II: Simba's Pride is a 1998 American direct-to-video animated movie and the sequel to "The Lion King". It is about Simba and Nala's cub, Kiara, who meets a cub named Kovu. Like how the first movie was based on the Shakespeare play "Hamlet", this movie is similar to another Shakespeare play, "Romeo and Juliet". It was later called The Lion King 2: Simba's Pride when it was re-released as a special edition DVD on August 31, 2004. In 1998, Disney believed that "Simba's Pride" would be so popular that it shipped 15 million copies to stores for the October 27 release date. Disney sold 3.5 million copies in three days. Thirteen million copies were sold while it was still in print in the late 90s. In 2004, another sequel was released, a part prequel-part midquel (called an "in between-quel" by its teaser trailer), "The Lion King 1½".


title: Grimms' Fairy Tales

text: Children's and Household Tales (), commonly known as Grimms' Fairy Tales (), is a collection of German fairy tales published by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, the Brothers Grimm.


title: Tumanay Khan

text: Tumanay Khan (1080-1130), born Tumbinai Setsen, was the 7th Khan of the Mongol Borjigin Tribe. He was the son of Baishinkhor Dogshin and father of Khabul Khan and Khadjuli. He was the direct ancestor of Amir Timur, the founder of the Timurid Empire through one of his Khadjuli Barlus. He was the ancestor of Genghis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire, through another son Khabul Khan.


title: The Lion King II: Simba's Pride

text: Simba and Nala have a daughter, Kiara. Timon and Pumbaa are made to be her babysitters, but she easily escapes their care and ventures into the forbidden lands. There she meets a lion cub named Kovu and they become friends. What she and her parents do not know is that Kovu is the son of Zira - a banished follower of the now-dead Scar. She plans to raise Kovu to overthrow Simba and become the king of the Pride Lands. This tests not only Kiara and Kovu's relationship as they grow, but Simba's relationship with his daughter.


title: Grimms' Fairy Tales

text: On December 20, 1812, the Grimms published the first volume of the first edition. It contained 86 stories. The second volume of 70 stories was published in 1814. For the second edition, two volumes were issued in 1819 and a third in 1822, totalling 170 tales. The third edition appeared in 1837; fourth edition, 1840; fifth edition, 1843; sixth edition, 1850; seventh edition, 1857. Stories were added, and also deleted, from one edition to the next, until the seventh held 211 tales. All editions were extensively illustrated, first by Philipp Grot Johann and, after his death in 1892, by Robert Leinweber.


title: The Lion King II: Simba's Pride

text: An audio CD called "Return to Pride Rock: Songs Inspired by Disney's The Lion King II: Simba's Pride" was released in 1999. Although not promoted as a soundtrack to the movie, it contained all the songs from the movie and some additional songs inspired by it by Lebo M. The complete track list of the CD:


title: Grimms' Fairy Tales

text: The first volumes were much criticized because they were considered unsuitable for children, both for the scholarly information included and the subject matter. Many changes through the editions – such as turning the wicked mother of the first edition in "Snow White" and "Hansel and Gretel" to a stepmother, were probably made with an eye to such criticism. They removed sexual references—such as Rapunzel's innocently asking why her dress was getting tight around her belly, and thus naïvely revealing her pregnancy and the prince's visits to her stepmother—but, in many respects, violence, particularly when punishing villains, was increased. In 1825, the Grimms published their "Kleine Ausgabe" or "small edition," a selection of 50 tales designed for child readers. This children's version went through ten editions between 1825 and 1858.


title: The Lion King II: Simba's Pride

text: On August 31, 2004, Disney released an "enhanced soundtrack" to coincide with the movie's 2-Disc Special Edition DVD. However the CD contained everything from the "Return to Pride Rock" CD except the "inspired songs".


title: Grimms' Fairy Tales

text: The work of the Brothers Grimm influenced other collectors, both inspiring them to collect tales and leading them to similarly believe, in a spirit of romantic nationalism, that the fairy tales of a country were particularly representative of it, to the neglect of cross-cultural influence. Among those influenced were the Russian Alexander Afanasyev, the Norwegians Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, the English Joseph Jacobs, and Jeremiah Curtin, an American who collected Irish tales.


title: Antioxidant

text: An antioxidant is a molecule that can slow or stop the oxidation, or electron transfer, of other molecules.


title: Antioxidant

text: Antioxidants are molecules that relieve oxidative stress by preventing the formation and oxidation of free radicals. Antioxidants donate one of their electrons or hydrogen to free radicals, stopping their chain reaction. Found in our diet (for example, in vitamins) or formed inside our body (like enzymes), antioxidants can protect us from the damaging effects of free radicals.


title: Antioxidant

text: The best way to combat free radicals is to have a diet of fresh fruits and vegetables, red wine, and green tea. These functional foods are rich in phytochemicals with antioxidant properties. Health supplements enriched with antioxidants are also now widely available.


title: Ian Wright

text: Ian Edward Wright MBE (born 3 November 1963) is a British footballer and television personality. He has played for England national team. He is the adopted father of Shaun Wright-Phillips and the father of Bradley Wright-Phillips.


title: Super Bowl 50

text: Super Bowl 50 (sometimes known with the Roman numeral as Super Bowl L) was an American football game in which the Denver Broncos, winners of the National Football Conference (NFC) for the 2015 season, beat the Carolina Panthers, winners of the American Football Conference (AFC) for the 2015 season, 24–10 to become winners of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season. It was the third time the Denver Broncos had won a Super Bowl. It was played at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California on February 7, 2016. An estimated 167 million people watched it worldwide.


title: Alcubierre drive

text: The Alcubierre drive or Alcubierre warp drive is an idea for a faster-than-light travel engine. The Mexican theoretical physicist Miguel Alcubierre created this idea using Albert Einstein's field equations in general relativity. The main principle of this idea is by creating an energy-density field lower than that of a vacuum (that is, negative mass) to make the space in front of the ship contract and the space behind the ship expand. In theory, this would create a bubble in space-time around the craft, allowing it to stay still while the space around it moves. This would effectively avoid breaking Einstein's rule that no object in our universe may go as fast or faster than the speed of light, while still allowing an object to go to another very distant part of space much faster than light.


title: Hindu reform movements

text: Hindu reform movements in the nineteenth society had many evils prevailing in it like Sati (The practice that a woman will burn herself alive at the funeral pyre of her husband), female infanticide {Killing the girl child at birth(It was mainly practised because their parents thought that it was difficult to find difficult grooms for the girls and if found a huge dowry had to be paid to them)},polygamy , child marriage etc.


title: Canine tooth

text: Canine teeth are found in mammals. They are the eye teeth, fangs or dogteeth. They are on either side of the incisors. Their main function is to hold food firmly in order to tear it apart, and also attack and defence.


title: Canine tooth

text: In some mammals they are weapons of attack and defence. Examples are: wolves and dogs; the cat family; walrus. Baboons and the great apes have large canines, especially the adult males. In humans they are much reduced, and sit in line with the other teeth.


title: Cartoon Network Arabic

text: Cartoon Network Arabic () is a television channel that is broadcast to children in the Middle East and North Africa, and it is the Arabic version of Cartoon Network. The channel was launched on October 10, 2010 at 10:10 AM U.A.E. time. The channel's launch goes with the opening of Turner Broadcasting System's new offices in Dubai Media City, U.A.E., the channel's local owner. A Middle Eastern branch of Time Warner.


title: Cartoon Network Arabic

text: The standard channel broadcasts via Arabsat Arabsat-4,Badr 6 and Nilesat. Cartoon Network Arabic is considered a free alternative to Cartoon Network MENA and Boomerang (EMEA), two pay TV channels offered in the Arab World in HD and in both English and Arabic exclusively on beIN Network since July 1, 2016, despite the varying differences in programming, schedules, and available languages.


title: Cartoon Network Arabic

text: Cartoon Network Arabic was launched on October 10, 2010 at 10:10 AM. The channel's launch coincided with the opening of Turner Broadcasting System's offices in Dubai Media City, U.A.E., the channel's local owner.


title: Cartoon Network Arabic

text: In December 2015, Turner Broadcasting System entered an exclusivity deal with the Qatar-based beIN Media Group. This deal lead to Cartoon Network Africa, Boomerang Africa, and TCM moving from OSN to the latter's beIN Network service, and also caused the HD feed on YahLive to shut down; the actual channel, however, is unaffected due to being a free-to-air channel on Nilesat and Arabsat/Badr. Cartoon Network Arabic was still was removed from OSN's channel list and moved to beIN as channel 138, using its unencrypted Arabsat/Badr signal in SD.


title: Cartoon Network Arabic

text: The channel mainly airs animated cartoons from Cartoon Network Studios. Original productions are produced and aired, along with movies, shorts, live-action series, and shows, movies, subtitled in Arabic from various other studios.


title: Cartoon Network Arabic

text: Animated programs aired include original Cartoon Network Studios productions like the "Regular Show", "Uncle Grandpa", "Adventure Time", and "We Bare Bears".


title: Cartoon Network Arabic

text: Currently, the channel is only available in Arabic, with no choice to switch to English or any other languages. This is due to the fact that the channel uses prints that are distributed by the respective shows' Arabic dubbing studios. The channel broadcasts a line of Cartoon Network's own shows dubbed from English. Cartoon Network Arabic may also offer other localized shows, such as the Arabic Ben 10: Ultimate.


title: Cartoon Network Arabic

text: Challenge, which are the result of various partnership deals with Arab production companies, such as the Dubai-based Lammtara Pictures (Freej) or the Jordan-based Rubicon Group Holding (Ben & Izzy, Tareq Wa Shireen). Since the channel is a free-to-air channel in the Arab World, it often edits certain programs for content, cutting out certain scenes from them.


title: Cartoon Network Arabic

text: Starting from November 5, 2011 Cartoon Network Arabic began to occasionally air a selection of dubbed or subtitled Cartoon Network made-for-TV films and specials at random dates. However, it was not until January 2013 the channel added the Cartoon Network Cinema block to represent its films.


title: Cartoon Network Arabic

text: Turner Broadcasting System Europe added the channel to 125 million homes in 112 territories across Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. In Arabic, Cartoonito was launched as a morning block that is broadcast for seven days a week, starting from September 4, 2011.


title: Cartoon Network Arabic

text: On March 2012, the channel became available in true High-definition via video at YahLive service. This channel was shut down in 2016 due to the Turner-beIN deal.


title: Cartoon Network Arabic

text: A two-hour timeshift channel variant launched on June 30, 2014 via the My HD pay TV network. It was terminated on January 2016 as a consequence of Turner Broadcasting System's deal with beIN Media Group.


title: Benedict Wong

text: Benedict Wong (born 3 July 1971) is a British actor. He is best known for his roles as Kublai Khan in Netflix's "Marco Polo" (2014–2016), Bruce Ng in "The Martian" (2015), and Wong in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.


title: Chicken nuggets

text: Chicken nuggets are chicken meat pieces made into a big oval shape. They are usually found at fast food restaurants, or in grocery stores. The fast food chain McDonald's produces their own type of nuggets, called Chicken McNuggets.


title: David S. Goyer

text: David Samuel Goyer (born December 22, 1965) is an American screenwriter, movie director, and a book and comics writer. Goyer is known for his work on "Batman Begins", "The Dark Knight", and "The Dark Knight Rises". He also worked on the movie "Man of Steel". Goyer was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan.


title: Irene Cara

text: Irene Cara Escalara (March 18, 1959 – November 25, 2022) was an American singer-songwriter, actress and dancer. She co-wrote the song "Flashdance... What a Feeling" from the movie "Flashdance". She won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for the song. For that same song, she also won a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.


title: Irene Cara

text: Cara played Coco Hernandez in the 1980 movie "Fame" and recorded the song of the same name. Before that, she played Sparkle Williams in the 1976 musical-drama movie "Sparkle".


title: Irene Cara

text: In 1982 Cara earned an Image Award for Best Actress when she co-starred in NBC's Movie of the Week, "Sister, Sister".


title: Ferdinand VI of Spain

text: Ferdinand VI (Fernando; 23 September 1713 – 10 August 1759) was a King of Spain July 1746 until his death in 1759 aged 49 He was the fourth son of the previous monarch Philip V and his first wife Maria Luisa of Savoy. The third Bourbon to rule Spain, he died childless and his half brother Charles became king.


title: Ferdinand VI of Spain

text: Born at the Royal Alcazar (Royal Palace) of Madrid, he was the youngest son of Philip V of Spain and his wife Queen Maria Luisa. His parents enjoyed a loving relationship, Ferdinand being their fourth child. However, his mother died in 1714 and the king married again, this time to Elisabeth Farnese, a niece of the Duke of Parma. Queen Elisabeth was a domineering woman who ruled her husband. As such, the new queen would have a further seven children including Ferdinand's own successor Charles III. Ferdinand was by temperament melancholy, shy and distrustful of his own abilities. When complimented on his shooting, he replied, "It would be hard if there were not something I could do." Shooting and music were his only pleasures, and he was the generous patron of the famous singer Farinelli, whose voice soothed his melancholy. As the younger son, his brother Louis, Prince of Asturias was heir to the throne. However, Louis died aged sixteen in 1724 having reigned for a mere eight months. As such Ferdinand became Prince of Asturias and heir to the throne.


title: Ferdinand VI of Spain

text: On 20 January 1729, Ferdinand married Barbara of Portugal, daughter of John V of Portugal and Maria Anna of Austria. This marriage further cemented a union with Portugal who had engaged Barbara's brother to Ferdinand's half sister. The very homely looks of his wife were thought by observers to cause the prince a visible shock when he was first presented to her. Yet he became deeply attached to his wife, and proved in fact nearly as adoring of her as his father was of Queen Maria Luisa.


title: Ferdinand VI of Spain

text: When he came to the throne, Spain found itself in the War of the Austrian Succession which ended without any benefit to Spain. He started his reign by getting rid of the influence of the widow Queen Elisabeth and her Italian courtiers. As king he followed a firm policy of neutrality in the war between France and Britain, and refused to be tempted to join the war by the offers of either. The most important tasks during the reign of Ferdinand VI were carried out by the Marquis of Ensenada, the Secretary of the Treasury, Navy and Indies. He suggested that the state help modernise the country. To him, this was necessary to maintain a position of outward strength so that France and Great Britain would consider Spain as an ally without supposing Spain's renunciation of its claim to Gibraltar. Plans for modernising Spain included a new Treasury; the stimulation of commerce in the Americas; modernising the Navy; improving relations with the church and ensuring cultural progress.


title: Ferdinand VI of Spain

text: The death of his wife Barbara, who had been devoted to him, and who carefully abstained from political intrigue, broke his heart. Between the date of her death in August 1758 and his own in August 1759, he fell into a state of prostration in which he would not even dress, but wandered unshaven, unwashed and in a nightgown around his park. He was buried at the Convent of the Salesas Reales, Spain.


title: Portuguese Colonial War

text: The Portuguese Colonial War (Portuguese: "Guerra Colonial Portuguesa") was fought between Portugal's military and the emerging nationalist movements in Portugal's African colonies between 1961 and 1974. Portugal fought the MPLA, FNLA, UNITA and FLEC in Angola between 1961 and 1974. Also, they fought the PAIGC in Guinea-Bissau between 1963 and 1974. Lastly, they fought the FRELIMO in Mozambique between 1964 and 1974.


title: Burns Night

text: Burns Night is the day (and night) that the life of Robert Burns is commemorated, particularly in Scotland. Each year it is on Burns' birthday, 25 January. People around the world have Burns Suppers.


title: Burns Night

text: At Burns Suppers, Scottish people have many certain traditions as eating haggis and people say poems that have been written by Robert Burns. These consist of To a Mouse, Address to the Haggis and many others. There is always a part in the Burns Supper when boys jokingly make fun of the girls. This is called 'Toast to the Lassies' However, the girls have the last laugh as they do the same to the boys. This is called 'Reply From the Lassies'


title: Helloi

text: A Helloi () or a Heloi () is a female nature spirit in Meitei mythology, folklore and religion. Hellois look like beautiful young women. They often trick men to have sex with them. They are the most powerful among the female spirits. They can cause diseases.


title: Helloi

text: The hellois are often known for their charming beauty, ecological balance and male submission (seduction). Hellois are sometimes seen as evil spirits in the forms of beautiful maidens.


title: Helloi

text: Helloi Taret (lit. "Seven Hellois") are the seven sisters. They stay in the thick bushes or dark and dense forests. They also live in other places of wilderness like rivers and meadows.


title: Helloi

text: Hellois are one of the most common female spirits believed in Meitei mythology and folklore. According to the Maibas (priests), hellois are the most powerful female spirits. They could spread diseases, especially sexually transmitted infections. Hellois attack men and cause disorder of mind. From men, women may get sick in their sexual organs. According to belief, the highest rate of such attacks occurs in March and April. It is the time of celebrating Yaoshang, a spring festival. At the same time, occasions are performed by both men and women.


title: Helloi

text: "Helloi Oknaba" (lit. "Encounter with Hellois" in Meitei) is one of the most common events of meeting with supernatural beings in Meitei folk stories. Challenges to or conflicts with the hellois often make one's life unhappy. In such cases, one may get sick, mental imbalance and temporary madness. If such people are not properly treated by a maiba or a maibi, the symptoms may continue long. It may lead to permanent madness (mental impairment). One who meets a helloi often acts in abnormal and mentally challenged ways. For example, the victims may not be able to recognize his family members and friends. However, the victims could still communicate with the very helloi. The spirit may not easily leave the victim. She will demand something in return to leave the victim. Thus, Hellois seek their needs by bewitching people.


title: Helloi

text: The maibas perform rites and rituals to prevent attraction and attacks on men by the hellois. They feed the spirits with animal faeces and some specially prepared ritual foods.


title: Helloi

text: Hellois and Hingchabis are the two most popular forms of female spirits in Meitei mythology and folklore. But these two mythical beings are not almost all similar. Hellois are wandering spirits. On the other hand, Hingchabis live inside some women. They exposed their supernatural powers into the bodies of the victims. They cause illness, mental sufferings, bad luck, and sometimes even death to the victims.


title: Osnabrück

text: Osnabrück is a city in Germany in the state of Lower Saxony. It is around 1,200 years old. The castle dates back to the 19th century. The city was founded by Charlemagne. About 165,000 people live there. It is twinned with Derby, UK, as well as five other cities around Europe.


title: Osnabrück

text: Osnabrück is in the south of the state, on the border with North Rhine-Westphalia. It shares an airport with the neighbouring city of Münster which is in North Rhine-Westphalia. It is the only German city in a national park.


title: Annabelle (movie)

text: Annabelle is a 2014 American supernatural horror movie. It was directed by John R. Leonetti and written by Gary Dauberman. It is a prequel of "The Conjuring". It is set in 1967 in Santa Monica, California. It stars Annabelle Wallis, Ward Horton, Tony Amendola, and Alfre Woodard. The movie was released worldwide on October 3, 2014.


title: John Hancock

text: John Hancock (January 12, 1737 – October 8, 1793) was an early American patriot, a leader in the American Revolutionary War, and an American statesman. He was the first man to sign America's Declaration of Independence. In modern America, "John Hancock" is a synonym for signature.


title: John Hancock

text: Hancock's ancestors arrived in the English colonies in 1652. In 1737, Hancock was born in Braintree (now Quincy, Massachusetts). When John Hancock Jr. his father died, he was adopted by his uncle, a merchant in Boston, Massachusetts. At his uncle's death in 1754, Hancock inherited the business. He became a leading merchant in Boston and one of the richest in the colonies.


title: John Hancock

text: In 1768, British officials seized his ship, the "Liberty". It carried a shipment of wine. The officials said he was smuggling. Boston patriots rioted and he was acquitted. This incident was one of the events that led to the American Revolutionary War.


title: John Hancock

text: Hancock had several important jobs in Colonial America and the early United States of America. He was president of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress in 1774 and 1775. He used his money to support American independence. The British thought him a very dangerous man.


title: John Hancock

text: Hancock was president of the Continental Congress in 1774 and 1775. He wanted to lead the Continental Army. George Washington got the job instead. With 5,000 troops, he tried to free Rhode Island from the British. He was not successful.


title: John Hancock

text: Hancock led the convention that adopted the Massachusetts Constitution in 1780. He was first Governor of the state Massachusetts. He served nine terms. Hancock suffered from gout in his later life. He died in 1793.


title: Apgar score

text: Virginia Apgar invented the Apgar score in 1952. She was an anesthesiologist, and created the score to measure how babies were affected by anesthesia given to their mothers during childbirth.


title: Apgar score

text: Today, the Apgar score is very commonly used by doctors, nurses, midwives, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), and other medical professionals. One of the reasons it is so popular is that doing an Apgar test is very quick. It usually takes less than a minute, sometimes just seconds.


title: Apgar score

text: When an Apgar test is done, five simple things about the newborn baby are checked. The newborn gets a score of 0, 1, or 2 on each of these give things. The scores are added up, and the total is the newborn's Apgar score.


title: Apgar score

text: "Apgar" is the name of the woman who invented the Apgar scale. But "APGAR" is also a backronym that stands for the things the Apgar scale checks. These are Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration.


title: Apgar score

text: The Apgar test is usually done one minute after birth, and again five minutes after birth. It may be repeated later if the score is low and stays low.


title: Apgar score

text: If a newborn has a low Apgar score one minute after birth, this does not mean the baby is going to have long-term health problems. This is especially true if the Apgar score is better five minutes after birth.


title: Apgar score

text: But an Apgar score that stays below 3 at later times—like 10, 15, or 30 minutes after birth—may show that the newborn has brain damage. These newborns are a little more likely to have cerebral palsy. However, the Apgar test cannot predict (say for sure) whether a baby will have long-term health problems.