title: Commodity market

text: "Economy is three fifths of ecology" argues Mike Nickerson, one of many economic theorists who holds that nature's productive services and waste disposal services are poorly accounted for. One way to fairly allocate the waste disposal capacity of nature is "cap and trade" market structure that is used to trade toxic emissions rights in the United States, e.g. SO2. This is in effect a "negative commodity", a right to throw something away.


title: Commodity market

text: In this market, the atmosphere's capacity to absorb certain amounts of pollutants is measured, divided into units, and traded amongst various market players. Those who emit more SO2 must pay those who emit less. Critics of such schemes argue that unauthorized or unregulated emissions still happen, and that "grandfathering" schemes often permit major polluters, such as the state governments' own agencies, or poorer countries, to expand emissions and take jobs, while the SO2 output still floats over the border and causes death.


title: Commodity market

text: In practice, political pressure has overcome most such concerns and it is questionable whether this is a capacity that depends on U.S. clout: The Kyoto Protocol established a similar market in global greenhouse gas emissions without U.S. support.


title: Commodity market

text: This highlights one of the major issues with global commodity markets of either the positive or negative kind. A community must somehow believe that the commodity instrument is real, enforceable, and well worth paying for.


title: Commodity market

text: A very substantial part of the anti-globalization movement opposes the commodification of currency, national sovereignty, and traditional cultures.


title: Commodity market

text: The capacity to repay debt, as in the current global credit money regime anchored by the Bank for International Settlements, does not in their view correspond to measurable benefits to human well-being worldwide. They seek a fairer way for societies to compete in the global markets that will not require conversion of natural capital to natural resources, nor human capital to move to developed nations in order to find work.


title: Commodity market

text: Some economic systems by green economists would replace the "gold standard" with a "biodiversity standard". It remains to be seen if such plans have any merit other than as political ways to draw attention to the way capitalism itself interacts with life.


title: Commodity market

text: While classical, neoclassical, and Marxist approaches to economics tend to treat labor differently, they are united in treating nature as a resource.


title: Commodity market

text: The green economists and the more conservative environmental economics argue that not only natural ecologies, but also the life of the individual human being is treated as a commodity by the global markets. A good example is the IPCC calculations cited by the Global Commons Institute as placing a value on a human life in the developed world "15x higher" than in the developing world, based solely on the ability to pay to prevent climate change.


title: Commodity market

text: Accepting this result, some argue that to put a price on both is the most reasonable way to proceed to optimize and increase that value relative to other goods or services. This has led to efforts in measuring well-being, to assign a commercial "value of life", and to the theory of Natural Capitalism - fusions of green and neoclassical approaches - which focus predictably on energy and material efficiency, i.e. using far less of any given commodity input to achieve the same service outputs as a result.


title: Commodity market

text: Indian economist Amartya Sen, applying this thinking to human freedom itself, argued in his 1999 book "Development as Freedom" that human free time was the only real service, and that sustainable development was best defined as freeing human time. Sen won The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel in 1999 (sometimes incorrectly called the "Nobel Prize in Economics") and based his book on invited lectures he gave at the World Bank.


title: Merchant marine

text: Merchant marine is a term used in many places to talk about commercial ships and crews. A country's merchant marine is made up of all the ships owned by companies or individuals in that country which are used to make money. Most of a country's merchant marine is usually made of ships that carry things from place to place, like oil tankers and freighters. Other ships, like cruise ships and ferries, are also included because they are used to make money. When a country is at peace, its merchant marine works independently. Some countries, though, require merchant ships to work for their armed forces in times of war.


title: Kyshtym disaster

text: The Kyshtym disaster was a radiation contamination disaster on 29 September 1957, in Mayak, a nuclear plant in Russia (then a part of the Soviet Union). It measured as a Level 6 disaster on the International Nuclear Event Scale (the Chernobyl disaster and the Fukushima disaster are the only accidents listed as more serious than this one).


title: Chicago blues

text: The Chicago blues is a form of blues music that developed in Chicago, Illinois by adding electrically amplified guitar, drums, piano, bass guitar and sometimes saxophone to Delta blues.


title: Bruce Rauner

text: Bruce Vincent Rauner (born February 18, 1957) is an American businessman and politician. He was the 42nd Governor of Illinois from 2015 to 2019. He defeated Pat Quinn on November 4, 2014. Rauner is the Chairman of R8 Capital Partners and the former Chairman of the private equity firm GTCR.


title: Oviraptorosaur

text: Oviraptorosaurs are a group of feathered maniraptoran dinosaurs from the Cretaceous period of what are now Asia and North America. They have short, beaked, parrot-like skulls, with or without bony head crests. They ranged in size from "Caudipteryx", which was the size of a turkey, to the 8 meter long, 1.4 ton "Gigantoraptor". The most complete oviraptorosaur specimens have been found in Asia. The North American oviraptorosaur record is sparse.


title: Pete Burns

text: Pete Burns (5 August 1959 – 23 October 2016) was an English singer. He started the band Dead or Alive in 1980. Their 1985 single "You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)" was number one. He has since become known for having had a lot of cosmetic surgery. He also became known for being on Celebrity Big Brother in 2006.


title: Bullet-proof glass

text: Bullet-proof glass, or bullet-resistant glass, is a type of strong, clear material that resists bullets. Complete protection against all weapons is not possible.


title: Great Molasses Flood

text: The Great Molasses Flood or Boston Molasses Disaster happened in Boston, Massachusetts on January 15, 1919. A metal tank broke, and the 2.3 million gallons of molasses in it poured out onto Commercial Street.


title: Pravind Jugnauth

text: Pravind Kumar Jugnauth (born 25 December 1961) is a Mauritian politician. He has been the Prime Minister of Mauritius since 2017. Jugnauth has been the leader of the Militant Socialist Movement (MSM) party since April 2003. He has held a number of ministerial portfolios and also been Leader of the Opposition.


title: Merchant marine

text: In the United States, "Merchant Marine" has a different meaning. The United States Merchant Marine (USMM) is a part of the military which is controlled by the government in both peace and war. When the United States is at war, the USMM is used to carry military supplies. In World War II, nearly one out of every twenty-six American merchant mariners was killed, a higher portion of men than in the Army, Navy, or even the Marines.


title: Kyshtym disaster

text: Mayak is the name for a number of nuclear facilities, which are about from Ekaterinburg, in Russia. The facilities were also known as "Chelyabinsk-65", or "Chelyabinsk-40". Mayak was built between 1945 and 1948. It was the first plant that could produce nuclear material in the Soviet Union. At times, up to 25.000 people worked at Mayak. They produced the plutonium fuel that was used for the first Soviet atomic bomb, amongst other things.


title: Chicago blues

text: Below is a list of notable Chicago blues musicians (and groups) alphabetized by first name (or stage name):


title: Oviraptorosaur

text: The group (and all maniraptoran dinosaurs) is close to the ancestry of birds. Oviraptorosaurs might be primitive flightless birds. On the other hand, they might just be close relatives of the birds.


title: Pete Burns

text: In 1979 Burns was the singer of Nightmares on Wax. In 1980 he started Dead or Alive. In April 1984 Dead or Alive released their first album "Sophisticated Boom Boom". Dead or alive's second album "Youthquake" was released in May 1985. It reached number nine in the UK Albums Chart.


title: Bullet-proof glass

text: It is usually made from two or more types of material, one hard and one soft. The softer layer makes the glass more elastic, so it can flex (bend) instead of shatter. There must be a clear view through the glass. Bulletproof glass varies in thickness from three-quarters of an inch to three inches.


title: Great Molasses Flood

text: Molasses is a sweet-tasting liquid. It is left over when people make sugar out of sugar cane or sugar beets. It can be used to make rum, a sweet alcohol drink, and it is an ingredient in Boston baked beans. In the early 20th century, many people in the West used molasses to sweeten their food because white sugar cost too much money.


title: Kyshtym disaster

text: Between 1948 and 1987, a total of ten nuclear reactors were built. Until 1991, all but two were closed. The two remaining produce radioactive isotopes for health care and for research purposes.


title: Oviraptorosaur

text: The earliest and most basal ("primitive") known oviraptorosaurs are "Protarchaeopteryx robusta" and "Incisivosaurus gauthieri", both from the lower Yixian Formation of China, dating to about 125 million years ago in the Lower Cretaceous. Some fragmentary species, such as "Calamospondylus oweni" and "Thecocoelurus daviesi", may have been even earlier members of the Oviraptorosauria. A tiny neck vertebra from England shares some features in common with oviraptorosaurs. It may represent an earlier occurrence of this group, at about 140 million years ago.


title: Pete Burns

text: In 2004 Burns released a single with the Pet Shop Boys. In 2006 "You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)" was released as a single for the fourth time. It reached number five in the UK Singles Chart.


title: Bullet-proof glass

text: A popular method is stick a special plastic film to the inner surface of ordinary glass. This 'security laminate' bonds to the glass with an adhesive. This gives a protection similar to the multi-layered bullet-resistant glass. Transparency is better, tint-free; thickness and weight is reduced as much as 50-70%. The laminate can be stuck on to existing windows; this a called a 'retrofit'.


title: Great Molasses Flood

text: Ships brought molasses to Boston from the sugar farms in the Caribbean Sea. In Boston, people made rum out of molasses in factories called distilleries. But the molasses had to be stored until rum makers were ready. This was right before alcohol would become illegal in the United States, so people wanted to make and sell rum while they still could. One company, U.S. Industrial Alcohol, put their molasses in a 50-foot (15-meter) steel tank at 529 Commercial Street in Boston's North End neighborhood.


title: Kyshtym disaster

text: During different accidents, a large amount of radioactivity was released into the environment. The biggest of these accidents happened in 1957, and is known as "Kyshtym Disaster" today. It happened in a plant near Kishtim (Кыштым). There were many accidents in this secret plant. The most serious of them happened on September 29, 1957. The cooling system of the plant failed to work. A (non-nuclear) explosion occurred. This explosion had the force of between 75 and 100 tons of TNT. It threw the lid of the container, which weighted 160 tons, into the air. The accident released about 20 MegaPCi (about 740 Petabecquerel) of radioactivity. At least 200 people died from radiation sickness. About 10,000 people were evacuated from their homes. More than 470,000 people were affected by the radiation, without knowing it.


title: Pete Burns

text: Burns used to have "really bad depression". In 2006 he was arrested for attacking his fiancee. In 2007 Burns married Michael Simpson. Burns died in London following a sudden cardiac arrest on 23 October 2016, at the age of 57.


title: Bullet-proof glass

text: The plastic provides little bullet-resistance. Glass, much harder than plastic, flattens the bullet. The plastic deforms, absorbing energy and (perhaps) stopping the bullet. The ability of the plastic layer to stop projectiles is directly proportional to its thickness. Bulletproof glass may be up to three inches thick.


title: Great Molasses Flood

text: The people in the North End said it made strange noises. The tank was not very old, but it leaked. Families would send children to go and take molasses from the leak. U.S. Industrial Alcohol painted the tank brown so the children could not find the leaks to steal molasses, but they did not fix the leaks. On January 13, two days before the flood, even more hot molasses was poured into the tank.


title: Kyshtym disaster

text: During the next ten to eleven hours, the radioactive cloud moved towards the northeast, reaching between 300 and 350 kilometers from the accident. The fallout of the cloud resulted in a long-term contamination of an area of more than 800 square kilometers, mostly with caesium-137 and strontium-90. Today, the area is known as the East-Ural Radioactive Trace (EURT).


title: Bullet-proof glass

text: A simpler version is used for car windshields. It consists of two panels of toughened glass, bonded together with polyvinyl butyal (PVB). The PVB stops cracks in the outer glass from spreading.


title: Great Molasses Flood

text: At about 12:30 p.m. on January 15, the molasses tank broke. 2.3 million gallons (8.7 million liters) of molasses spilled out onto Commercial Street. The wave of molasses was 30 feet (9 meters) high and moved at 35 miles per hour (55 kph). Pieces of the tank flew into houses and broke holes in walls. One piece flew into one of the pillars holding up an elevated train track and broke it. A train stopped just in time.


title: Kyshtym disaster

text: The existence of Mayak was a secret. Only very few people knew it was there. For this reason, the people living in the areas affected by the accident were not told about the accident. On 6 October, a week after the accident, the authorities started to evacuate about 10,000 people, but they did not tell about the reason for the evacuation. People grew hysterical with fear because unknown 'mysterious' diseases were breaking out. Victims were seen with skin 'sloughing off' their faces, hands and other exposed parts of their bodies." It was Zhores Medvedev who revealed the nature and extent of the disaster to the world.


title: Bullet-proof glass

text: The idea is for guards inside to be able to shoot out, while attackers can't shoot in. One-way bulletproof glass is usually made of only two layers, a brittle layer on the outside and a flexible one on the inside. A bullet fired from the outside hits the brittle layer first, shattering an area of it. This absorbs some of the bullet's kinetic energy, and spreads it on a larger area. When the slowed bullet hits the flexible layer, it is stopped.


title: Great Molasses Flood

text: Because the molasses was sticky, people in it could not get out. When the tank first broke, some of the molasses was still hot, so it moved fast at first. But it cooled down quickly in the cold winter air. So people and other animals fell into warm, soft molasses that got hard around them, and they could not get out. When it covered people's noses and mouths, they could not breathe.


title: Kyshtym disaster

text: Even though the Soviet government hid information about the figures, it is known that the direct exposure to radiation caused at least 200 cases of death from cancer.


title: Bullet-proof glass

text: However, when a bullet is fired from the inside, it hits the flexible layer first. The bullet penetrates the flexible layer because its energy is focused on a smaller area; the brittle layer then shatters outward due to the flexing of the inner layer and does not significantly hinder the bullet's progress. A problem with this idea is that a two-layer glass has limited stopping power.


title: Great Molasses Flood

text: The molasses spread out to other streets. Soon, there was 2-3 feet (up to 1 meter) of molasses on the ground. A police officer was in a signal box talking to his police group when the tank broke. Because he was already sending a message to other police officers, he called for help right away. Rescue workers came to the North End, but they could not walk or drive carts through the molasses.


title: Kyshtym disaster

text: To reduce the spread of radioactive contamination after the accident, contaminated soil was removed and kept in fenced enclosures that were called "graveyards of the earth".


title: Bullet-proof glass

text: There is a new type of transparent armour with aluminium oxynitride instead of glass. As the outside 'strike plate' layer, it is much lighter and performs better than traditional glass/polymer laminates. Aluminum oxynitride 'glass' can defeat .50 caliber armour-piercing rounds. Various types of other materials which closely resemble glass are also being developed.


title: Great Molasses Flood

text: Some rescuers tried to get a man out of the molasses by pulling on his arm. The molasses was so hard that they pulled his arm off by accident.


title: Kyshtym disaster

text: In 1968, the Soviet government disguised the EURT area by creating the East-Ural Nature Reserve, which prohibited any unauthorised access to the affected area.


title: Bullet-proof glass

text: Certain types of ceramic can also be used for "transparent" armour. They are denser and harder than traditional glass. These new types of transparent ceramic armours make thinner armour with equal stopping power to traditional laminated glass.


title: Great Molasses Flood

text: 21 people and many horses died. 150 people were hurt. Some of the dead people were not found until days later. Because of the molasses, it was hard for people to tell which people they were.


title: Kyshtym disaster

text: Rumours of a nuclear mishap somewhere near Chelyabinsk had long been circulating in the West. That there had been a serious nuclear accident west of the Urals was eventually inferred from research on the effects of radioactivity on plants, animals, and ecosystems, published by Professor Leo Tumerman, former head of the Biophysics Laboratory at the Institute of Molecular Biology in Moscow, and associates.


title: Great Molasses Flood

text: People who went to the North End got molasses on their clothes and shoes. When they went to other parts of Boston, the molasses fell off. Soon every street in Boston had molasses on it. Many of the train car seats and public telephones were sticky.


title: Kyshtym disaster

text: According to Gyorgy, who invoked the Freedom of Information Act to gain access to the relevant Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) files, the CIA knew of the 1957 Mayak accident all along. They kept it secret to prevent adverse consequences for the fledgling American nuclear industry. Only in 1990 did the Soviet government declassify documents pertaining to the disaster.


title: Great Molasses Flood

text: The people used hoses from fireboats to wash the molasses into Boston Harbor with seawater. The water in the harbor was brown for months. People say they can still smell molasses on hot days.


title: Kyshtym disaster

text: According to different sources, the amount of radioactivity produced by this disaster is between twice and six times that of Chernobyl disaster of 1986. Because the leakage was more limited, this is classified as a Level 6 (of 7) disaster on the International Nuclear Event Scale. Chernobyl is rated at Level 7.


title: Great Molasses Flood

text: Soon after the flood, 199 people sued U.S. Industrial Alcohol. The lawsuit took six years and there were more than 3000 people who spoke in court. This was the first lawsuit in United States History that had many expert witnesses: Engineers, architects, and other building experts talked about the tank in court, for example metal scientist Albert Colby, Massachusetts Institute of Technology engineer George E. Russell, and Harvard University's George F. Swain.


title: Kyshtym disaster

text: In 2003, Russian authorities closed down the Mayak plant. Lake Karachay, which is close to the plant is seen as one of the most contaminated spots on the planet.


title: Great Molasses Flood

text: During the lawsuit, there were three ideas about why the flood happened: 1) Yeast or other very small living things in the tank ate the molasses and gave off carbon dioxide gas, which made the tank explode, 2) someone put a bomb in the tank, or 3) the tank was not built well. Eventually, the court decided that the tank was not built well, and that U.S. Industrial Alcohol caused the flood with this unsafe tank. U.S. Industrial Alcohol settled with some people out of court too. Families got about US$7000 per dead person. The company paid somewhere from $500,000 to $100,000.


title: Kyshtym disaster

text: In the past 45 years, about 500,000 people in the region have been irradiated in one or more of the incidents. Some of them were exposed to more than 20 times the radiation suffered by the Chernobyl disaster effects victims.


title: Great Molasses Flood

text: Historian Stephen Puleo says that this case set the precedent, a way of doing things for the future: Americans began to think that building inspectors should look at tanks and other buildings to see if they are safe, that engineers need to write plans for their buildings, and that architects need to show their blueprints.


title: Manzai

text: A comedy team brings together a straight man ("tsukkomi") who feeds punchlines to a funny man ("boke"). A pair of comedians with a special back-and-forth style is called "kakeai manzai".


title: Manhole

text: A manhole (also called a utility hole, cable chamber, maintenance hole , inspection chamber, access chamber or confined space) is a hole for a person to go into to fix underground services. Some examples of these are sewers, telephone, electricity, storm drains and gas.


title: SS Andrea Doria

text: SS "Andrea Doria" was an Italian ocean liner, or passenger ship. It was owned by a ship line called the Italian Line. It was said to be the biggest, fastest, safest, and most beautiful ship in Italy after World War II. It could carry 1,221 passengers and 563 crew.


title: Rottnest Island

text: Rottnest Island (also known as Rotto or just Rottnest) is 18 kilometres from the mainland of Western Australia. It is called Wadjemup by the Noongar tribe, which means "land across the water". Rottnest is a popular tourist attaction.


title: NP-hardness

text: An NP-hard problem is a type of mathematical problem used in computer science. It is a yes/no problem where finding a solution for it is at least as hard as finding a solution for the hardest problem whose solution can quickly be checked as being true. Some NP-hard problems are ones where a working solution can be checked quickly (NP problems) and some are not. NP-hard problems that are also NP problems fit into a category called NP-complete.


title: Singular value decomposition

text: In linear algebra, the singular-value decomposition (SVD) is a factorization of a real or complex matrix. It is the generalization of the of a positive semidefinite normal matrix (for example, a symmetric matrix with positive eigenvalues) to any matrix via an extension of the polar decomposition. It has many useful applications in signal processing and statistics.


title: Ilford

text: Ilford is a large town in Greater London, the headquarters of the London Borough of Redbridge. It is also identified as a major area in the London Plan, being located about 9.1 miles east of Charing Cross.


title: John Warner

text: John William Warner, Jr. (February 18, 1927 – May 25, 2021) was an American Republican politician. He was the Secretary of the Navy from 1972 to 1974. He was a United States Senator from Virginia from January 2, 1979, to January 3, 2009.


title: Siberian Intervention

text: The Siberian Intervention (1918-1922) was part of a larger plan by the Western powers and Japan. They wanted to support the White Russians against the Bolshevik Red Army during the Russian Civil War. Other places included Northwest Russia, Crimea, Bessarabia, and the Caucasus.


title: Donkey Kong Country

text: Donkey Kong Country (also called DKC) is the first installment of the "Donkey Kong Country" series and the first game in the original "Donkey Kong Country" trilogy, overall. This video game was released in 1994 for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. This game is a platformer developed by Rare and published by Nintendo. The playable characters in this game are Donkey Kong and Diddy Kong. "Donkey Kong Country" was followed by two sequels: "" and "" in 1995 and 1996.


title: Only Murders in the Building

text: Only Murders in the Building is an American comedy streaming television series. It was created by Steve Martin and John Hoffman. The series will have ten episodes and it premiered on Hulu on August 31, 2021.


title: Sigrid the Haughty

text: Sigrid the Haughty also known as Sigríð Storråda was Queen Consort of the North Sea Empire, (Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and England) from her marriage to Erik the Victorious, though Sigrid may have actually been married to Sweyn Forkbeard.


title: Manzai

text: In Japan's past, traditional "manzai" performers would go from house to house in the New Year's season. They would sing songs and perform good-luck dances in return for a small amount of rice or money.


title: Manhole

text: The opening is protected by a manhole cover. A manhole cover can also be called a "biscuit". It is designed to stop people falling down the hole and to stop people going underground if they are not allowed to. Manholes usually have metal or polypropylene steps on the wall to make it easier to get into the manhole.


title: SS Andrea Doria

text: The ship was built by the Ansaldo Shipyards in Genoa, Italy. It was launched on June 16, 1951. Its maiden voyage, or first voyage, was on January 14, 1953. Three years later in 1956, it crashed with another ship, MS "Stockholm", in the Atlantic Ocean. At that time, 1,134 passengers and 572 crew were on board. "Andrea Doria" sank in 11 hours, but "Stockholm" survived.


title: Rottnest Island

text: Aboriginal people originally occupied Rottnest around 30,000 years ago. The island was originally connected to the mainland, but it eventually became separated with the Indian Ocean, and so it became an island. As Aboriginal people did not have boats, the island had no one living on it until the Europeans arrived. Dutch sailor Willem de Vlamingh named the island "Rattenest", meaning "Rat's nest". The 'rats' he was referring to was actually a Quokka, a native animal on the island.


title: NP-hardness

text: An example of a problem that is at least as hard to solve as any other problem that we can quickly check solutions for, which is also quickly checkable (it is both NP-hard and NP):


title: Singular value decomposition

text: Formally, the singular value decomposition of an formula_1 complex matrix is a factorization of the form formula_2, where is an formula_3 complex , formula_4 is an formula_1 with non-negative real numbers on the diagonal, and is an formula_6 complex unitary matrix. The diagonal entries formula_7 of formula_4 are known as the of . The columns of and the columns of are called the left-singular vectors and right-singular vectors of , respectively.


title: Ilford

text: Ilford was once a small settlement in Essex. It started to develop because of its strategic position near the River Roding and the road from London to Colchester. The arrival of the railway in 1839 also boosted this growth, causing trade and development to foster in the area. Ilford became a municipal borough in 1926 as well as expanding and increasing in population. In 1965, however, the municipal boroughs were scrapped and the area was removed from Essex and dissolved into Greater London. Many people still refer to Ilford and other East London areas as being part of Essex.


title: John Warner

text: He did not run for office in 2008. He has rejoined the law firm of Hogan Lovells, where he worked before joining the United States Department of Defense.


title: Siberian Intervention

text: Having occupied the Russian Maritime Provinces, the Allied Forces left by 1920. The Imperial Japanese Army stayed in Siberia until 1922.


title: Donkey Kong Country

text: The game was remade for the Game Boy Color in 2000 and was also remade again for the Game Boy Advance in 2003. "Donkey Kong Country" was ported over to the Wii's Virtual Console in 2006 and 2007. On November 25, 2012, for reasons unknown, "Donkey Kong Country" and both its sequels were delisted from the Wii's Virtual Console worldwide except in South Korea, but on October 30, 2014, the games were relisted only in Europe and Australia. Around the same time, the games were released on the Wii U's Virtual Console in Europe and Australia, in Japan on November 26, 2014, and in the United States and Canada on February 26, 2015. For handhelds, "Donkey Kong Country" was ported exclusively over to the New Nintendo 3DS's Virtual Console in March 2016. It is one of the 21 games included on the Super NES Classic Edition and was made available for the Nintendo Switch Online on July 15, 2020.


title: Only Murders in the Building

text: "Only Murders in the Building" is about three strangers, played by Steve Martin, Martin Short, and Selena Gomez, who like listening to podcasts about true crime. When a suicide happens in their apartment building, the three people begin to investigate believing that the death was not suicide.


title: Sigrid the Haughty

text: Sigrid's existence if widely disputed, Sigrid may have actually been a Polish Princess named Świętosława of Poland or possibly Sigrid could have been another Pole named Gunhilda of Wenden. It also is possible Sigrid, Gunhilda or Świętosława had not existed, and Erik married Aud Haakonsdottir.


title: Manhole

text: Manholes are usually found in urban areas, in streets and sometimes under sidewalks. They are usually circular to stop the manhole cover from falling into the hole.


title: SS Andrea Doria

text: "Andrea Doria" was built at the Ansaldo Shipyards, which was a shipbuilding company in Genoa, Italy. At the time of building, she was:


title: Rottnest Island

text: After the Swan River Colony was established in 1830, Robert Thomson settled on the island with his family. He made a living selling salt, which is naturally found on the island. Before refrigeration, salt was very important, as it kept food fresh.


title: NP-hardness

text: A travelling salesman wants to visit 100 cities by driving, starting and ending his trip at home. He has a limited supply of gasoline, so he can only drive a total of 10,000 kilometers. He wants to know if he can visit all of the cities without running out of gasoline.


title: John Warner

text: Warner was also the sixth husband to actress Elizabeth Taylor, whom he married before being elected to the Senate. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 2009.


title: Siberian Intervention

text: The Siberian Intervention came quickly after the Russian October Revolution of 1917. The new Bolshevik government signed a separate peace treaty with Germany. That was a serious problem for the Entente powers. The treaty ended fighting for the Germans facing Russia. Germany could then move soldiers from east to west; against Europe. The peace agreement also allowed Germany to get many supplies from Murmansk, Arkhangelsk and Vladivostok. In addition, a 50,000 man Czech Legion had been fighting on the side of the Allies. They became trapped. The Czechs were trying to fight their way out to the east to Vladivostok along the Trans-Siberian Railway. However, the Bolsheviks controlled that railway.


title: Donkey Kong Country

text: The story for "Donkey Kong Country" is about the Kremlings stealing Donkey Kong's bananas and kidnapping Donkey Kong's nephew Diddy and putting him in a barrel. After Donkey Kong saves Diddy Kong from the barrel, both Donkey Kong and his nephew go together to fight the Kremlings and other enemies so they can get back their large collection of stolen bananas.


title: Sigrid the Haughty

text: Sigrid probably died in Norway, her daughter Estrid continued Sirgid's legacy by having a son who became future king of the Danes.


title: Manhole

text: In urban areas, electricity being in places it is not supposed to be (stray voltage) has become a big concern. In 2004, Jodie S. Lane was electrocuted after stepping on a metal manhole cover. She was walking her dog in New York City when it happened.


title: SS Andrea Doria

text: It was designed for comfort. Its designer was an Italian architect called Minoletti. There was also another ship, "Cristoforo Colombo", that looked exactly like "Andrea Doria".


title: Rottnest Island

text: The island became a prison for Aboriginals, during the periods of 1838-1849 and 1855-1931. Around 3,700 Aboriginal men and boys were imprisoned for crimes such as spearing livestock, burning the bush and digging vegetables.


title: NP-hardness

text: People don't know how to solve this problem faster than testing every possible answer, but if a solution is found that allows the salesman to do this, we can use an algorithm check that it is true. This problem is also known as Travelling salesman problem.


title: John Warner

text: Warner was born on February 18, 1927 in Washington, D.C.. He was raised in Washington, D.C.. Warner studied at St. Albans School, at Woodrow Wilson High School, at Washington-Lee University, at University of Virginia Law School, and at George Washington University.


title: Siberian Intervention

text: Great Britain and France decided to use military power and join the Russian Civil War against the Bolshevik government because of all of those problems. They had three goals:


title: Donkey Kong Country

text: There are six worlds and a final boss battle on Gangplank Galleon sometimes referred to as a world. The worlds are;


title: Sigrid the Haughty

text: According to the famous Swedish saga of "Heimskringla", Sigrid was the daughter of Skolgar Toste and an unknown mother. Sigrid was described as beautiful but unforgiving and uninterested in marriage.


title: SS Andrea Doria

text: "Andrea Doria" was a transatlantic ocean liner, which is a ship that crosses the Atlantic Ocean. The ship had three swimming pools, and was the first ship to have that many. Over 1 million dollars were spent on art to decorate the ship.


title: Rottnest Island

text: Rottnest Island is now a very popular tourist destination, due to its beaches, wildlife and natural environment. Nearly 500,000 people visit the island each year, mostly by ferry but others by aircraft (Rottnest has its own airport). The island is looked after by the Rottnest Island Authority (RIA). A fee is charged when people enter the island, which goes to help maintain it.


title: NP-hardness

text: An example of a problem that is at least as hard to solve as any other problem that we can quickly check solutions for, but that can not be checked quickly (it is NP-hard, but it is not NP):


title: John Warner

text: Warner was married to Catherine Mellon in 1957 until they divorced in 1973, they had three children. Then he was married to Elizabeth Taylor from 1976 until they divorced in 1982. In 2003, he married Jeanne Vander Myde.


title: Siberian Intervention

text: The British and French did not have enough soldiers, so the asked the United States to help. They asked the U.S. to send soldiers to both the North Russia Campaign and the Siberian Campaign. President Wilson agreed in July 1918 even though the War Department said not to help. The U.S. sent two groups of soldiers: 5,000 soldiers were the American North Russia Expeditionary Force (nicknamed the Polar Bear Expedition); and 10,000 were called the American Expeditionary Force Siberia. In the same month, the Russian White movement asked the Beiyang government of the Republic of China to send men. They sent 2,000 soldiers by August. The Chinese later occupied Outer Mongolia and Tuva. They sent a battalion to the North Russian Campaign to fight against the Bolsheviks.


title: Donkey Kong Country

text: "Donkey Kong Country" had received two remakes; one for the Game Boy Color and one for the Game Boy Advance. The Game Boy Advance version has a larger amount of changes, while the Game Boy Color version doesn't have as much changes. The changes are listed below;


title: Sigrid the Haughty

text: She was a sought after bride for her beauty, which annoyed Sigrid who was still very vengeful of her past.


title: SS Andrea Doria

text: The ship was also built for safety. It had 11 watertight compartments. These are special dividers in a ship to keep water in one place. If two of them were filled, the ship would not sink. "Andrea Doria" also had very advanced radar. Radar could warn the captain of the Andrea Doria if there was something in the path of the ship. However one big problem was that the ship often tilted too much to one side.


title: Rottnest Island

text: Motor vehicles are prohibited on the island, except for use by the RIA, Police or other emergency services. Additionally, only certain individuals are allowed to permanently live on the island.


title: NP-hardness

text: There is no known way to find a solution to all problems of this kind, and this also cannot be checked.


title: John Warner

text: A critic of President Donald Trump, he supported Democrats Hillary Clinton in 2016 and Joe Biden in 2020.


title: Siberian Intervention

text: The British had few soldiers sending only 1,500 troops to Siberia. These soldiers came from 9th Battalion, Hampshire Regiment and the 25th Battalion Middlesex Regiment.


title: Sigrid the Haughty

text: Once when Olaf Tryggvason of Viken proposed to Sigrid, Sigrid accepted but Erik of Sweyn told Sigrid she would have to convert to Christianity. Sirgid who was a devout Pagan and worshiped the old gods of Germania, rejected. Olaf in fury lashes Sigrid a few times with a stick or glove, Sigrid warns Olaf this might lead to his death.


title: SS Andrea Doria

text: "Andrea Doria" had two rows of lifeboats, which are small boats that can evacuate passengers if the ship sinks. However, if the ship tilted too much, half of the lifeboats could not be used. "Andrea Doria"'s maiden voyage (first voyage) was on January 14, 1953.


title: Siberian Intervention

text: The Canadian Siberian Expeditionary Force was commanded by Major General James H. Elmsley. The Canadian government approved the mission in August 1918. The Canadian soldiers were sent to Vladivostok to support the allied armies already there. There were 4,192 soldiers in the group. They returned to Canada between April and June 1919. The Canadians did little fighting. Fewer than 100 troops left the base area to go to Omsk. Those 100 worked as administrative staff for 1,500 British troops who were helping the White Russian government of Admiral Alexander Kolchak. Most Canadians stayed in Vladivostok. They did routine practice and worked as police in the unstable port city.


title: Sigrid the Haughty

text: Sigrid eventually married either Erik the Victorious, or Sweyn Forkbeard and had 3 children, Olof, Emund and Estrid. The rest of Sigrid's life remains unknown and she probably died in Norway.


title: SS Andrea Doria

text: "Andrea Doria" sank in the night between July 25, 1956, and July 26, 1956. When she sank, she had 1,134 passengers and 572 crew members, and her captain was Piero Calamai. She was sailing in the Atlantic Ocean. Her path was from Genoa, Italy, to New York, in the United States. "Andrea Doria" entered very thick fog when it passed by Nantucket, which is a small island near Massachusetts. Soon, another ship entered the fog. This was SS "Stockholm". SS "Stockholm" was another passenger ship. Because of the fog, the two ships could not see each other. When they finally noticed each other, they tried to turn away. "Andrea Doria" turned left to pass "Stockholm". But "Stockholm" turned right to try to pass "Andrea Doria". Because of the fog, they could not see what each other was trying to do. At 11:10 PM of July 25, 1956, "Andrea Doria" and "Stockholm" crashed together.


title: Siberian Intervention

text: The American Expeditionary Force Siberia was commanded by Major General William S. Graves. At its largest, it was 7,950 officers and enlisted men.


title: SS Andrea Doria

text: "Stockholm" crashed into the right side of "Andrea Doria" near the middle. It made a large hole that was almost deep. It broke open several of the watertight compartments on "Andrea Doria". It also broke five fuel tanks. The fuel tanks were filled by 500 tons of water. "Stockholm" and "Andrea Doria" separated in 30 seconds. "Andrea Doria" began to tilt to its right side. Soon, half of the lifeboats could not be used, because it was tilting too much. The weight of the fuel tanks that were filled by water also pulled it down. "Stockholm"'s whole front end was destroyed, but it did not sink. 46 passengers on the "Andrea Doria" were killed by the crash. Five crew members of the "Stockholm" were also killed. However, one incredible survivor was Linda Morgan, an "Andrea Doria" passenger who landed on the "Stockholm" when they crashed.


title: Siberian Intervention

text: The Allies began to work together in Siberia in August 1918. The Japanese entered through Vladivostok and places along the Manchurian border. They sent more 70,000 soldiers. The Allies worried about Japanese plans because they sent such a large group. On September 5, the Japanese met the leading group of the Czech Legion. A few days later the British, Italian and French groups joined the Czechs to try to restart the war in the east. They tried to make a new battle line beyond the Ural Mountains. This meant that the European allies moved west. The Japanese had their own goals. They would not go west of Lake Baikal and stayed behind. The Americans were suspicious of Japanese plans.They also stayed behind to watch the Japanese. By November, the Japanese controlled all ports and major towns in the Russian Maritime Provinces and in Siberia east of the city of Chita.


title: SS Andrea Doria

text: Thirty minutes after the crash, the people on "Andrea Doria" decided to abandon the ship. However, some crew had already left. This made it harder because no crew was there to help. However, there were still enough lifeboats to get everyone out safely. The "SS "Ile de France"", a French ship, arrived at the "Andrea Doria" to help rescue passengers. It launched lifeboats to rescue passengers of the "Andrea Doria". The "Ile de France" had sailed only one day, so it had lots of supplies left to help the passengers of "Andrea Doria". "Andrea Doria" continued to tilt right, and eventually began to sink on 9:45 AM of July 26, 1956. Before that, at 9:00 AM, all the survivors were off the ship. At 10:00 AM, "Andrea Doria" was tilted so far to the right that its windows touched the ocean. At 10:09 AM, the ship sank. This was 10 hours and 59 minutes after it had crashed with the "Stockholm". The back of "Andrea Doria" rose, and its left propeller lifted out of the water. Some lifeboats that were still on the ship broke off and floated away upside down. The ship had drifted 1.6 nautical miles (a measuring distance used at sea) from where it had crashed with the "Stockholm".


title: Siberian Intervention

text: In the summer of 1918 onwards, the Japanese army supported White Russian groups; the 5th infantry division and the Japanese-backed Special Manchurian Detachment of Grigory Semyonov took control over Transbaikalia. They started a White Transbaikalia government, but it did not last long.


title: SS Andrea Doria

text: A total of six different ships rescued passengers of the "Andrea Doria", including the "Stockholm" and "Ile de France". "Stockholm" was the last to arrive, because it was damaged. Many families had their hopes of seeing loved ones again destroyed. The most affected were those who were meeting members of several families immigrating to the United States in hope of new lives. The Chrysler Norseman, a prototype car headed to New York, was also lost with the other cars aboard "Andrea Doria". A "Rolls-Royce" luxury car was also on Andrea Doria.


title: SS Andrea Doria

text: A series of lawsuits were filed by both ship lines in response to the disaster. The reasons argued included:


title: SS Andrea Doria

text: "Andrea Doria" landed on the ocean bottom sideways, with her left side facing up, in good condition. At first, the top of the shipwreck was in water about deep. It was a popular destination for divers. However, the "Andrea Doria" has become a difficult ship to explore. The wreck is at .


title: SS Andrea Doria

text: More recently, the top part of the ship has collapsed. Inside the ship, many supports have broken. The ship is slowly getting shorter as its weight presses downwards. The top of the wreck is now below the water. Fifteen people have died exploring the "Andrea Doria".


title: SS Andrea Doria

text: The front of "Stockholm" was eventually fixed. About $1 million was spent. Now, "Stockholm" is named "Athena", and still sails.


title: F-sharp major

text: This key is not used often in orchestral music except to modulate. It is used more often in piano music, like Scriabin's sonatas. When piano music in this key needs to be arranged for orchestra, sometimes it is better to change it to F or G major. If F-sharp major needs to be used, transposing instruments in B flat should have their music written in A-flat major, not G-sharp major.


title: Districts of England

text: The districts of England are a level of subdivisions of England used for the purposes of local government. The first local government districts were created in 1894 by the Local Government Act 1894 which created urban districts and rural districts as sub-divisions of counties (which had been created in 1889). Another reform in 1899 created 28 metropolitan boroughs as sub-divisions of the County of London.


title: Latin honours

text: Latin honours are Latin phrases that are used to show how advanced the level at which someone earned an academic degree. The common ranks are: "cum laude" (meaning "with honor"), "magna cum laude" ("with great honor"), or "summa cum laude" ("with highest honor"). This system is mostly used in Canada, the United States, and in many European countries. Some universities in other countries also use the English translation of these phrases rather than the Latin ones.


title: Musalla

text: al-Musallā, Arabic: ("al-musallā") is the name for an open space outside a mosque that is mainly used for praying. The words is derived from the verb ("sallā") which means to pray.


title: The Babadook

text: The Babadook is a 2014 Australian-Canadian psychological horror drama movie, written and directed by Jennifer Kent as her directorial debut. It is about a woman and her son being tortured by an evil spirit based on a child's book. The movie stars Essie Davis and Noah Wiseman, while Daniel Henshall, Hayley McElhinney, Barbara West, and Ben Winspear appear in supporting roles.


title: Staten Island Ferry

text: The Staten Island Ferry is a free ferry service that runs between the New York City boroughs of Staten Island and Manhattan. The service started in 1817 as the Richmond Turnpike Company. It leaves and arrives in Manhattan from the Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal near Battery Park City. In Staten Island, it leaves and arrives from the Saint George Ferry Terminal near Richmond Terrace. The trip takes around 25 minutes each way. Service is provided 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Late-night service is one trip per hour and, during rush hours, four per hour.


title: Hank Green

text: Hank Green (born May 5, 1980) is an American YouTuber, author, and musician. He is the younger brother of John Green.


title: Channel catfish

text: The channel catfish (scientific name:"Ictalurus punctatus"), also called the channel cat, is a species of catfish. It is the official fish of several States of the United States (US). They are Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, and Tennessee. In the US, it is the most fished catfish species.


title: F-sharp major

text: The Presentation of the Rose scene in Act Two of Richard Strauss's opera Der Rosenkavalier is written in F-sharp major.


title: Districts of England

text: There are 36 metropolitan districts, 32 London boroughs, 238 non-metropolitan districts, 46 unitary authorities, the Isles of Scilly, and the City of London, making a total of 354 district-level authorities.


title: Latin honours

text: Another example is "egregia cum laude", which means "with outstanding honor" in English. The "egregia" rank was created to recognize students who earned the same grade point average as the "summa" honor, but who did so while in a more rigorous honors curriculum (used by the College of St. Benedict and St. John's University).


title: The Babadook

text: "The Babadook" was produced by Causeway Films (Kristina Ceyton) and is based on the short movie "Monster" (2005), also written and directed by Kent. The movie was shown at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival and received positive reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes' aggregation, it was ranked as the third most-liked movie of the year.


title: Staten Island Ferry

text: The ferry carries bicycles. The ground entrance to the ferry is only for bicycle riders. Automobiles were also carried for a fee of $3.00 per automobile. This ended after the September 11, 2001 attacks.


title: Hank Green

text: Hank and John have a YouTube channel called VlogBrothers. The brothers began the channel on January 1, 2007, when Hank made the channel's first video blog. Since then, Hank and John have been active on the channel, making videos back and forth. In the beginning of their channel's history, the videos were being made as a way to talk to each other without having to text. The two brothers made their goal to do this for a year, as a way to grow close to each other again, and called the project "Brotherhood 2.0."


title: F-sharp major

text: F-sharp major is the key of Beethoven's Piano Sonata, Op. 78, of Chopin's Barcarolle, of Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2, of Mahler's unfinished Tenth Symphony, Erich Korngold's Symphony Op. 40, and Scriabin's Fourth Sonata.


title: Hank Green

text: Once 2007 ended, the brother said that the Brotherhood 2.0 project would end, but that they would continue making video blogs on the channel. Since then, the amount of fans of the channel, or as Hank and John call them, "Nerdfighters," have grown.


title: F-sharp major

text: In a few scores, the F-sharp major key signature in the bass clef is written with the sharp for the A on the top line.


title: Hank Green

text: In 2007, Hank and John started "Project 4 Awesome," a charity fundraiser that takes place every year through the internet. Hank and John also started VidCon, a conference and convention held every year, beginning 2010.


title: Hank Green

text: In 2011, YouTube gave the Greens funds to start two educational channels, "Crash Course", and "SciShow". Hank hosts "SciShow", which has videos on different science topics. On "Crash Course", Hank teaches viewers science subjects, and started with biology.


title: Hank Green

text: In 2012, Hank made "The Lizzie Bennet Diaries", a present-day adaptation of "Pride and Prejudice", with producer Bernie Su. The show put up its episodes on YouTube, in a vlog diary style. Hank was an executive producer and a writer on the show. In 2013, the show won a Creative Arts Emmy Award in the "Interactive Media" category.


title: Walter Smith

text: Walter Smith, OBE (24 February 1948 – 26 October 2021) was a Scottish football player, but was better known as a football manager. He was the manager of Scottish Premier League club Rangers, his second spell in that capacity with the club.


title: Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains

text: Mercedes-Benz HighPerformanceEngines Ltd. is an English-based Formula One engine builder. The company used to be known as Mercedes-Ilmor. They are owned by Mercedes-Benz. Since 1995, their engines have been used by the McLaren Formula One race cars. For the season, Mercedes-Benz also supplied the Brawn GP and Force India teams with engines. In the season Mercedes supplied McLaren, Force India. They also supplied the engines for the new Mercedes-Benz factory team, Mercedes GP, which was formed from the Brawn GP team.


title: Cyberman

text: The Cybermen are a fictional race of cyborgs in the British television series "Doctor Who". They are one of the greatest and longest enemies of the Doctor. Cybermen were originally humanoids from the Earth's twin planet Mondas. The people of Mondas began to put more and more artificial metal parts into their bodies to keep themselves alive, making them cyborgs. This led to the race starting to think logically and calculating, showing no emotions. The Cybermen also turning other people into cyborgs.


title: United States Department of War

text: The United States Department of War, also called the War Office, was the department of the United States government's executive branch responsible for the operation and maintenance of land (and later air) forces from 1789 until September 18, 1947, when it became part of the National Military Establishment, renamed on August 10, 1949, the Department of Defense. The War Department also had responsibility for the young nation's naval affairs until the establishment of the Navy Department in 1798.


title: Tommy Tuberville

text: Thomas Hawley Tuberville (; born September 18, 1954) is a former American football coach and player and politician. Tuberville is the junior United States Senator from Alabama since 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was born in Camden, Arkansas.


title: Joe Calzaghe

text: Joseph William Calzaghe (born 23 March 1972) is a Welsh former professional boxer. His boxing nicknames include "The Pride of Wales" and "The Italian Dragon".


title: Holes (movie)

text: Holes is a 2003 American adventure comedy-drama movie based on novel Holes. It has Shia LaBeouf in the lead role of Stanley Yelnats. Also in the movie are Sigourney Weaver, Jon Voight, Patricia Arquette, Tim Blake Nelson, Eartha Kitt, Dulé Hill, Rick Fox, and Henry Winkler as Stanley Yelnats III.


title: Kollam temple fire

text: On 10 April 2016 at around 3:30 am Indian Standard Time, there was an explosion and fire at the Puttingal Temple in Paravur, Kollam, Kerala, India. The incident happened when firework celebrations went out of control. More than 100 people were killed. More than 350 were injured, some with severe burns. The temple did not have permission from Kerala Government authorities to do a competitive fireworks display.


title: Cerebral edema

text: Cerebral œdema (or cerebral edema) is a build-up of extra fluid in the brain. It causes swelling. It is caused by physical trauma or an injury to the brain. This includes inflammation of the brain caused by some infections. Also, mountain climbers at high altitude have been known to experience cerebral oedema primarily due to reduced air pressure acting on the cranium.


title: Defender of the Faith

text: Defender of the Faith (Latin: Fidei Defensor) is a title belonging to the leader of the Church of England. It was originally conferred upon King Henry VIII of England by Pope Leo X on 11 October 1521 as a reward for the king having written a pamphlet in defense of the sacraments against Martin Luther ("Declaration of the Seven Sacraments Against Martin Luther"). King James V of Scotland received a similar title from Pope Paul III.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: Perseus was the code name of a hypothetical Soviet atomic spy that, if real, would have allegedly breached United States national security by infiltrating Los Alamos National Laboratory during the development of the Manhattan Project, and consequently, would have been instrumental for the Soviets in the development of nuclear weapons.


title: Enock Mwepu

text: Enock Mwepu (born 1 January 1998) is a Zambian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. In October 2022, he was forced to retire following the discovery of a hereditary heart condition.


title: Beilstein database

text: The Beilstein database is a database in the field of organic chemistry (organic spectroscopy). Compounds are uniquely identified by their Beilstein Registry Number (BRN).


title: Walter Smith

text: Walter Smith was born in Lanark, South Lanarkshire, and grew up in Carmyle in the east end of Glasgow as a boyhood fan of Rangers. He trained as an electrician and gained employment at the South of Scotland Electricity Board before launching his football career in the 1960s with Junior League team Ashfield.


text: Ilmor was founded by Mario Illien and Paul Morgan in 1983, as an independent British Formula One engine manufacturer. The company name was taken from the last names of the founders. It originally started building engines for IndyCars. They received financial support from IndyCar team owner and builder Roger Penske.


title: Cyberman

text: They were created by Dr. Kit Pedler (the unofficial scientific advisor to the programme) and Gerry Davis in 1966, first appearing in the serial, "The Tenth Planet", which was the last to feature William Hartnell as the First Doctor. They have since been in the show a lot.


title: Tommy Tuberville

text: Tuberville was the head football coach at the University of Mississippi from 1995 to 1998, Auburn University from 1999 until 2008, Texas Tech University from 2010 to 2012 and University of Cincinnati from 2013 to 2016.


title: Joe Calzaghe

text: Calzaghe competed from 1993 to 2008. He was trained by his father Enzo. The younger Calzaghe was a champion in two weight classes. He was the unified WBA (Super), WBC, IBF, WBO and "Ring" magazine super-middleweight champion. He was also the "Ring" light-heavyweight champion. BoxRec.com ranks him as the best British super-middleweight boxer of all time. He went undefeated in his professional career, having a record 46–0. He had famous wins against boxers such as Mikkel Kessler, Bernard Hopkins and Roy Jones Jr. (in his final fight). He retired on 5 February 2009. In 2007, Calzaghe won the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award.


title: Holes (movie)

text: "Holes" made $16,300,155 in its opening weekend. It was #2 at the box office. Number 1 was "Anger Management".


title: Defender of the Faith

text: When Henry broke with the Roman Catholic Church, Pope Paul III took the title away. It was returned to the king by Parliament in 1544. The abbreviation Fid. Def. or the letters F.D. have appeared on British coinage from the time of George I. Defender of the Faith is a title still carried by British monarchs.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: Among researchers of the subject there is some consensus that Perseus never existed and was actually a creation of Soviet intelligence.


title: Enock Mwepu

text: He started with Kafue Celtic in Lusaka. In June 2017 he went toRed Bull Salzburg. There he was loaned to FC Liefering who play in Austrian Football First League.


title: Walter Smith

text: Smith signed as a defender with Dundee United in 1966, joining as a part-timer while working as an electrician. He was a decent player rather than a gifted one. In September 1975 he moved to Dumbarton, but returned to United in 1977. At the age of 29, a pelvic injury threatened his career and he was invited to join the Dundee United coaching staff by Jim McLean. His first team appearances were limited thereafter, but he remained a signed player and his final club match was in September 1980. In total, he made over 250 senior appearances, scoring three goals.


text: The Daimler-Benz company purchased Chevrolet's 25% share of Ilmor in 1993. In 2002 Daimler AG increased its share to 55% and renamed the company Mercedes-Ilmor. In 2005 Daimler became the sole owner of Ilmor and renamed the company Mercedes-Benz HighPerformanceEngines Ltd.


title: Cyberman

text: A parallel universe version of the Cybermen appeared in the 2006 series in the two-part story, "Rise of the Cybermen" and "The Age of Steel". They also appear in "Army Of Ghosts" and "Doomsday". They also appeared in the spin-off series "Torchwood" in the episode "Cyberwoman". They would later return to the new series in the 2008 Christmas Special "The Next Doctor", introducing two new types of cyberman; the Cyber-Shades and the Cyber-King.


title: Tommy Tuberville

text: In 2015, Tuberville was the president of the American Football Coaches Association. In 2017 he was hired by ESPN as a color analyst for their college football coverage.


title: Joe Calzaghe

text: Calzaghe was born in Hammersmith, London, England. His father, musician-turned-trainer Enzo (1949–2018), was from the island of Sardinia, Italy. His mother is Welsh. He grew up in Newbridge, Wales. He has two sons with his former wife Mandy Davies.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: A reference to the profile of a spy who can be identified with Perseus describes him as an American scientist of young age at the time of the Manhattan Project.


title: Enock Mwepu

text: in the 2019-20 season he became part of the first team. He made his debut in the UEFA Champions League during a 4–3 loss to Liverpool at Anfield.


title: Walter Smith

text: In March 2021, Smith was hospitalized and had surgery for an unknown illness. Smith's death was announced on 26 October 2021. He was 73.


text: One division of the company was called Special Projects. Since 2003, Special Projects had been building Honda's Indy Racing League engines. In 2005, Special Projects split from Mercedes-Ilmor and became a separate company named Ilmor Engineering Ltd. Ilmor Engineering is owned by Mario Illien and Roger Penske. This new company is totally independent of Mercedes-Benz.


title: Cyberman

text: While the Doctor's other old enemies the Daleks did not change during the original series's twenty-six season run, the Cybermen were seen to change with almost every appearance. The Cybermen are humanoid, but have replaced their limbs and other body parts with non-living parts to the point where they don't have many flesh parts. In their first appearance in the series, the only portions of their bodies that still seemed human were their hands, but by their next appearance in "The Moonbase" (1967), their bodies were entirely covered up in their metal suits, with their hands replaced by two finger claws, but changed back to regular five finger hands in "The Invasion" (1968). As there are not many of them, the Cybermen often convert humans to cybermen.


title: Tommy Tuberville

text: In April 2019, Tuberville announced he would run for the Republican nomination for the United States Senate in Alabama to challenge Democratic U.S. Senator Doug Jones. He won the Republican nomination in July 2020, beating former Senator Jeff Sessions. He defeated Jones in the general election in November 2020.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: In the early 1940s Perseus would have been in New York City visiting his sick parents. During his stay in that city, he would have managed to be recruited by the GRU after looking for and contacting Morris Cohen, an American who joined the Communist Party during the Great Depression and worked as a Soviet spy.


title: Enock Mwepu

text: On 18 December 2019, Mwepu extended his contract with Salzburg until summer 2024. 2021 he went to Brighton and Hove Albion in the Premier League. On October 10 2022, he was forced to retire following the discovery of a hereditary heart condition.


text: In Ilmor entered Formula One as an engine supplier. They supplied engines to the Leyton House team. Leyton House was formerly known as March. In 1992, Leyton House changed its name back to March and continued using Ilmor engines.


title: Cyberman

text: It is assumed(and often implied) that there are still human parts beneath their suits, meaning they are actually cyborgs, not robots: in "The Tenth Planet", a Cyberman tells a group of humans that "our brains are just like yours", although by the time of "Attack of the Cybermen", their brains seem to have been replaced with electronics. In "Earthshock" (1982), the actors' chins were vaguely visible through a clear perspex area on the helmet to suggest some kind of human face. In "The Tomb of the Cybermen" (1967), veins were visible through the circular head of the Cyberman Controller and in "Attack of the Cybermen" (1985) and "The Age of Steel" (2006), the Cyber-Controller's brain is visible through the dome. The first is a Mondas Cyber Controller, while the second is an alternative cyberman. However, in "Revenge of the Cybermen" (1975), the Doctor says they are "total machine creatures".


title: Perseus (spy)

text: The meeting with Cohen must have been between September 1941 and July 1942, before Cohen enlisted in the army and left for the Western Front in Europe.


title: Enock Mwepu

text: In 2014 Mwepu playeed for the national under-17 team that represented the country at the 2015 African U-17 Championship. 2017 he played in the Under-20 Africa Cup of Nations in Zambia. Mwepu scored his first international goal for Zambia in an AFCON Qualifier against Algeria on 2 September 2017 at the National Heroes Stadium in Lusaka.


text: Ilmor also supplied engines to the Tyrrell team in . Powered by an Ilmor V10, Tyrrell scored 8 points, and March 3 points in the Formula One Championship.


title: Cyberman

text: Although the Cybermen often claim that they have done away with human emotion, they have exhibited emotions ranging from anger to smug satisfaction in their confrontations with the Doctor (although this is only clearly present during their appearances in the 1980s). Some Cybermen in the early stories were even given individual names such as "Krang". Some parallel Earth Cybermen did retain some memories of their pre-conversion lives, although their emotional response varied


title: Perseus (spy)

text: Perseus reportedly introduced himself to Cohen as a physicist who had been invited to join the work at Los Alamos research center. By 1942, Perseus was supposedly already working at Los Alamos, being that he would have started sometime at least 18 months before German physicist and also atomic spy Klaus Fuchs, who joined the investigation in mid-1944. However, Perseus appears to have been recruited by the Soviets around the same (or at least a nearby) time as Fuchs.


title: Enock Mwepu

text: His younger brother Francisco Mwepu is also a professional footballer. He plays for FC Cádiz Mirandilla, the second team of Cádiz CF.


text: Ilmor had developed a good name in F1. When the Sauber sportscar-team and Mercedes-Benz were planning to enter Formula One together, they made a deal with Ilmor. However, Ilmor deceided not to put the slogan "Concept by Mercedes-Benz" on the engines. Since the engines were officially called Ilmor, Mercedes backed out of the project with Ilmor.


title: Cyberman

text: This motive behind the removal of emotions is made more clear in "The Age of Steel" where it is done by putting in things that keep them from feeling emotions. In that episode, the deactivation of their emotional inhibitors drives the converted Cybermen insane when they realise what they have become, killing them. This motive may also be applicable to Mondas Cybermen, given their forcible conversion of other lifeforms to Cybermen to maintain their numbers, despite the fact the Mondasians appear to have originally willingly converted themselves as a survival mechanism.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: According to articles published in Russia by "The New Times", Perseus would have collaborated with the Soviet government for purely ideological reasons to the point that he refused any financial rewards in exchange for classified information, since he was convinced that the United States would use the atomic bomb against the Soviet Union, claiming that:


text: After an unexpectedly fast performance in , Sauber convinced Mercedes to join officially in 1994. In Ilmor also supplied the new Pacific GP team of Keith Wiggins with the old 1993 version of the engines. Pacific only managed to qualify seven times in thirty-two tries. The Ilmor engine was not the cause of this poor performance.


title: Cyberman

text: Cybermen have a number of weaknesses over the years. Their biggest weakness is gold. It was not mentioned that they did not like gold until their attempt to destroy the planetoid Voga (the so-called "Planet of Gold") in "Revenge of the Cybermen" (1975). Initially, it was explained that, because it is very hard to grind up, gold chokes their respiratory systems. For example, the However, in later serials, gold appeared to affect them rather like silver affects werewolves, with gold coins or bullets with gold on the edge fired at them having the same effect. The revived series' Cybermen have no weakness to gold.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: With Morris Cohen in Europe, his wife, Lona Cohen, took it upon herself to travel to Albuquerque on one or two occasions (depending on the source consulted) to serve as a carrier.


text: Ilmor became the engine partner to McLaren in . The partnership received its first win at the 1997 Australian Grand Prix. Mika Häkkinen won the driver's championships in the and seasons. The McLaren team won the constructor's championship in . After not winning a single race in the season, McLaren bounced back and won the driver's championship in season with Lewis Hamilton.


title: Cyberman

text: Nearly all the cyberman costumes were silver in colour and included items and material such as cloth, rubber diving suits, PVC, chest units, tubing, practice golf balls, cricketers' gloves, and silver-painted Doc Martens boots. A BBC Cyberman costume from the black & white era of TV has recently been discovered.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: Once there, Lona Cohen would have received information allegedly directly from Perseus, and took it to the Soviet consul in New York, Anatoli Yatskov. This information allegedly included crucial details about the Trinity Test, which was detonated in July 1945.


text: In 2001 Paul Morgan was killed while landing his vintage (antique) plane at Sywell Aerodrome, Northamptonshire. This led to Mercedes-Benz increasing their financial involvement in Ilmor, and renamed the company Mercedes-Ilmor Ltd.


title: Cyberman

text: The 1980s design used converted flight suits painted silver. Unlike the Doctor's other enemies, the Cybermen have changed a lot in appearance over the years, looking more and more modern, although retaining certain commonalities of design, the most iconic being the "handle bars" attached to Cybermen heads, that were supposed to aid with their hearing, their round eyeholes and their chest units. Completely black-coloured Cybermen were seen briefly in "Attack of the Cybermen".


title: Perseus (spy)

text: Perseus was also allegedly referred by or identified with the code names of «Mr. X», «Youngster», FOGEL, PERS and «Mlad».


title: Cyberman

text: The Cybermen returned in episodes 5 and 6 of the 2006 season of the new series, in a two-part story set on an alternate Earth. The new Cybermen were designed by production designer Edward Thomas's team and Neill Gorton at Millennium FX. The new Cyberman design is tall, in a style reminiscent of Art Deco, with their Cybus Corporation logo on their chests and made to look like burnished steel instead of silver. The other big changes in the Cyberman design is that the Cyber-Controller had glowing eyes, a transparent forehead revealing the brain, and sockets on its chest-plate providing connectors to other systems.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: This name is also given to a spy at White Sands Missile Range, located further south near Las Cruces, New Mexico.


title: Cyberman

text: Early Cybermen had an unsettling, sing-song voice, created by changing their voices slightly on syllables which a voice does not normally change. Their mouths opened fully and did not move when they were talking, then their mouths would shut as soon as they stopped talking. However they stopped doing this after their first few appearances.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: In April 1991, KGB colonel and public relations officer Vladimir Chikov published articles in the Russian weekly "The New Times" in which he commented on the existence of a Russian spy who worked in the Manhattan project under the code name of Perseus, giving details of his recruitment and achievements.


title: Cyberman

text: The voices for the 2006 return of the Cybermen were provided by Nicholas Briggs (who performed the voices for the Cybermen in Big Finish audio stories as well as the Daleks in both the new series and the audio stories). Shown in the season 2 DVD special feature "Confidential Cut Downs," the voice was created by processing Brigg's voice through a voice modulator. The new Cybermen have a blue light in their "mouths" which blinks in synchronisation with their speech.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: Regarding the information published by Chikov in "The New Times", an article in The Washington Post comments:


title: Cyberman

text: The Cybermen also use smaller, cybernetic creatures called "cybermats" to attack. In their first appearance in "The Tomb of the Cybermen", they resembled big metal fish and had segmented bodies with hair sensor probes along the base of their heads, which were topped with eyes. The Second Doctor described them as a "form of metallic life,".


title: Perseus (spy)

text: In an interview published in 1992, the former Soviet consul in New York, Anatoli Yatskov, confirmed the existence of Perseus, as an important figure among scientists working on the Manhattan project.


title: Cyberman

text: The second model of cybermat seen in "The Wheel in Space" was used for sabotage, able to listen to human brainwaves. They were carried to the "Wheel" in small sacs that sank through the walls of the space station, causing drops in air pressure.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: During his tenure as consul, Yatskov used the pseudonym Anatoly Yakovlev and served as a Soviet intelligence agent, coordinating atomic spies in the United States.


title: Cyberman

text: The third model, seen in "Revenge of the Cybermen", was a much larger, snake-like cybermat that could be remotely controlled and could inject poison into its victims.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: Yatskov gave details about Perseus' recruitment, how he sent information from New Mexico to New York (through Morris Cohen's wife), and confirmed that the Soviet Union received information from both, Klaus Fuchs and Perseus.


title: Cyberman

text: Cybermats appear in Blood of the Cybermen. They look like flat snakes, and can turn living things into Cyber-Slaves with their poison. They are remote controlled, and are of the new, 3rd race of cybermen. They are Cyber Cats and Dogs.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: In an interview given before his death in 1995, the American-born Soviet spy Morris Cohen confirmed that in addition to Karl Fuchs, there was a second physicist in the Manhattan project who worked as a Soviet spy.


title: Cyberman

text: On the BBC website, the Cybus Cybermen appear in two online games, Cyber Assault and Save Paris, both depicting the war between the Cybermen and Preachers on the parallel Earth. The Adventure Games has an episode, Blood of the Cybermen, which feature a 3rd, new race of Cybermen.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: The details in Cohen's story coincide with the statements of Colonel Vladimir Chikov a few years ago, such as the recruitment of people close to the Manhattan Project as spies, the existence (suspected by the American intelligence) of an unidentified scientist who collaborated with Soviet intelligence, and the interaction of said scientist with Lona Cohen (Morris Cohen's wife) to transport stolen information.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: According to Cohen, by the fall of 1994 there were very few people left in Soviet intelligence ("two or maybe three") who knew the real name of the second spy scientist.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: For her part, shortly before her death in 1992, Lona Cohen had a telephone interview with historian Walter Schneir. In that interview, Lona Cohen confirmed that she had made at least one trip between Albuquerque and New York to transport classified information stolen to the United States, but she could not quite remember who she had interviewed with in New Mexico, saying that it was probably a scientist or physicist.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: The Venona project was a United States counterintelligence program run by the Signal Intelligence Service that (later became part of the National Security Agency,) started in the Second World War and was active since February 1943 to October 1980.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: The objective of the program was to intercept and decrypt messages from diplomats, intelligence agencies (such as the NKVD and the KGB), business representatives and other actors of the Soviet government.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: Despite the fact that only a fraction of the messages intercepted by Venona were suitable for decryption, the project left an archive of around 3000 decrypted and translated messages.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: Although there is no mention of Perseus in the Venona files, there are references to a spy under the code name PERS or FOGEL. Apparently, at some point the codename PERS was turned into Perseus by mistake.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: PERS was identified in the Venona files as part of the group of four Soviet spies (of which only 3 had been identified) who infiltrated the Manhattan Project.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: Despite the fact that by 2012 a publication by NSA's Center for Cryptologic History described PERS as ""important, but still unidentified"", the references in the Venona files have been questioned or even used to confirm that Perseus never existed.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: From the early 1950s till 1995, three Soviet spies had been confirmed to have infiltrated Los Alamos: Klaus Fuchs (German physicist), David Greenglass (military man and brother-in-law of Julius Rosenberg) and Theodore Hall (American physicist).


title: Perseus (spy)

text: Fuchs voluntarily confessed to British MI5 authorities in January 1950 and this subsequently lead to Greenglass in June of that same year. Finally, Hall's involvement was not identified until the release of documents from Venona in 1995, a few years before his death in 1999.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, publications like those by Chikov and Yatskov strengthened the theory of a possible fourth spy in Los Alamos, who would have been identified as Perseus (the PERS in the Venona files) or FOGEL.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: In 1994 the lieutenant general and Soviet agent Pavel Sudoplatov published a book titled "Special Tasks".


title: Perseus (spy)

text: In the book, Sudoplatov referred to the statements made by Anatoly Yatskov, and stated that he did not remember that code name and, that in his opinion, it could be that Yatskov or his associates created Perseus to cover the true identities of Soviet informants.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: However, Sudoplatov also acknowledged that the codename Perseus was used to refer to or cover a number agents and anonymous sources.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: United States Cold War historian John Earl Haynes concluded that Perseus was an invention relying on the research of authors Joseph Albright, Marcia Kunstel and Gary Kern.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: In an index of false names, pseudonyms, and real names of spies, Haynes notes under the Perseus entry that:


title: Perseus (spy)

text: However, Haynes acknowledges that although Perseus was an invention, there must have been a 4th Soviet spy operating in Los Alamos during the development of the Manhattan project in addition to the 3 spies identified until 1995: Klaus Fuchs, David Greenglass and Theodore Hall.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: In their book "Bombshell: The Secret Story of America's Unknown Atomic Spy Conspiracy", the authors Joseph Albright and Marcia Kunstel dedicate the twentieth chapter to Perseus under the title of "The Perseus Myth" in which they conclude that the spy never existed.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: According to the authors, the KGB may have created Perseus for the purposes of self-promotion, justify its own existence, and even to secure more state funding.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: In 2006 mail that was made public, author Gary Kern explained why he believed Perseus was an invention. Kern believes that Perseus was an extremely risky disinformation operation with multiple objectives, including:


title: Perseus (spy)

text: In April 1999 American scientist, activist and, president of the Federation of American Scientists from 1970 to 2000; Jeremy Stone, published his memoirs under the title «"Every Man Should Try": Adventures of a Public Interest Activist"».


title: Perseus (spy)

text: Motivated by an article in The Washington Post about Vladimir Chikov's publications in Russia, Stone decided to take on the subject, and in his book he disclosed conversations and visits he had with someone he knew personally and only identified with the pseudonym "Scientist X" (or «Dr. X» ), and explained why he believed that this "Scientist X" was the real Perseus.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: Despite the use of a pseudonym, thanks to the information in the book, the "Scientist X" was easily identified as Philip Morrison, a physicist from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: On the other hand, the reasons that led Stone to suspect Morrison were questioned. Namely, those reasons included:


title: Perseus (spy)

text: To all of the above, Stone accepted Morrison's rebuttal, stating that: "In the light of these facts, which I certainly cannot contradict, [...] I can only accept your denial that you are Perseus."


title: Perseus (spy)

text: Finally, thanks to the controversy raised by the event, several academics and people close to the Federation of American Scientists expressed their wishes for Stone to apologize, and even the idea of calling Stone to present his resignation as head of the Federation.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: According to historian John Earl Haynes and academic Harvey Klehr, thanks to FBI documents that were declassified in the 2010s, they were able to confirm the existence of a suspected fourth spy who they identified as Oscar Seborer.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: Seborer was an American engineer who was drafted into the United States Army in 1942 and, like all his siblings, had sympathy for the Communist Party USA.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: Given his education as an engineer, Seborer was assigned to the «Special Engineer Detachment», a program that identified members of the military with specific abilities and funneled them to the Manhattan project.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: However, Haynes and Klehr are emphatic that Seborer should not be identified with Perseus, since while Perseus would have been an invention probably based on Theodore Hall, Seborer's life and profile have no relation to the characteristics attributed to Perseus.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: According to historian John Eark Haynes and academic Harvey Klehr, although Perseus never really existed, some aspects of his character were based on or coincide with the American Soviet spy and physicist Theodore Hall. These aspects include:


title: Perseus (spy)

text: Born in New York City, Hall was an American physicist who was considered a prodigy from an early age and graduate from Harvard University at 18. Concerned about the advance of fascism at the time, Hall developed sympathies for socialism.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: Although Haynes and Klehr noted that the agent identified as Perseus (or sometimes as "Mlad") has attributes and characteristics that do not match Hall, they still concluded that Perseus must have actually been an invention, the result of a misinformation operation with the goal of protecting Hall, who was still alive in the early 1990s. Which could explain the presence of attributes that coincide between both at the same time of others that do not.


title: Perseus (spy)

text: On August 19, 2020, Perseus was first referenced in the worldwide teaser trailer for "". He was later confirmed as the main antagonist in the game's which is set in the 1980s and flashbacks of the Vietnam War.


title: Core

text: Core generally is the heart or inner part of a thing, as of a column, wall, rope, of a boil, etc.; especially, the central part of fruit, containing the kernels or seeds; as, the core of an apple or quince.


title: Terry Jacks

text: Terry Jacks (born March 29, 1944) is a Canadian musician. He was born and raised in Winnipeg. He now works as an environmental activist.


title: Invisible ink

text: Invisible ink is a type of liquid that cannot be seen or read unless it is first activated. Chemical reactions, heat, ultraviolet light or special glasses are used to make invisible ink visible.


title: Daytona 500

text: The Daytona 500 is an auto race held in Daytona Beach, Florida. It is the opening event of the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. Daytona has hosted racing for many years. Originally cars raced on the beach, but in 1959, race officials built the Daytona International Speedway, where the race has been held ever since. The Daytona track hosts many other races as well. The Daytona 500 is considered the most important event in NASCAR.


title: United States Secretary of the Navy

text: The United States Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) is the civilian head of the Department of the Navy. The position was a member of the President's Cabinet until 1947, when the Navy, Army, and newly created Air Force were placed in the Department of Defense and the Secretary of the Navy was placed under the Secretary of Defense.


title: Jerry Van Dyke

text: Jerry McCord Van Dyke (July 27, 1931 – January 5, 2018) was an American actor and comedian. He performed in many television sitcoms and Big Lots commercials. His comedic acting goes back to the 1960s. He was the younger brother of Dick Van Dyke.


title: Andhrímnir

text: Andhrímnir is the chef of the gods in Norse mythology. He is the god that killed the mighty boar Sæhrímnir. He cooks Sæhrímnir in his cauldron named Eldhrímnir. The cooked beast is then fed to the gods and fallen warriors in Valhalla. At night, the boar comes back to life so Andhrímnir can kill him and cook him again. This way, the gods and fallen warriors eat well until Ragnarok.


Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water is the third studio album by American nu metal band, Limp Bizkit. "Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water" was released on October 17, 2000.


title: Charley Pride

text: Charley Frank Pride (March 18, 1934December 12, 2020) was an American country music singer, recording artist, baseball player, and businessman. Along with Stoney Edwards and O.B. McClinton, Pride was and remains one of the most notable black country singers of the 1960s and 1970s.


title: Tacuinum sanitatis

text: The Tacuinum (sometimes Taccuinum) Sanitatis is a medieval handbook mainly on health. It is based on the "Taqwim al‑sihha" ("Maintenance of Health"), an eleventh-century Arab work an health by Ibn Butlan of Baghdad. The text exists in several variant Latin versions.


title: Ni Hao, Kai-Lan

text: Ni Hao, Kai-Lan is a Canadian–American animated television series produced by Harringtoons Productions and Nickelodeon Productions. The show was based on the childhood memories of creator Karen Chau, growing up in a bicultural (Chinese-American) household. “Ni hao” means “Hello” in Mandarin, and Kai-Lan is the Chinese name Chau was given at birth, which was later anglicized to Karen. It was also based on the classic short series Downward Doghouse. The show had two different stories in each episode. The series premiered at 11AM ET/PT time on February 7, 2008 on Nickelodeon's Nick Jr. block in the United States.


title: 8th millennium

text: The eighth millennium is the millennium that will start on January 1, 7001 and will end on December 31, 8000.


title: Code talker

text: A code talker was a person who was hired by the United States military during wartime to use a little-known language as a means of secret communication. The term is now usually known with United States service members during the world wars who used their knowledge of Native American languages.


title: Terry Jacks

text: Jacks is most famous for his song "Seasons in the Sun". The song was ranked number one in multiple countries in 1974. It is one of the fewer than forty all-time singles to have sold 10 million copies worldwide.


title: Invisible ink

text: It is used to send secret messages or for entertainment. Invisible ink pens are sometimes sold or used for prizes, usually with an ultraviolet light.


title: Daytona 500

text: The Daytona 500 has many memories, the winners receive a Harley J. Earl Trophy every year at the end of every race, The trophy is not the only one awarded to the event, The crew chief of the teams receives the Cannonball trophy, a trophy by Cannonball Baker.


title: Jerry Van Dyke

text: Van Dyke was born Jerry McCord Van Dyke on July 27, 1931 in Danville, Illinois. His parents were Loren (nicknamed "Cookie") and Hazel (née McCord) Van Dyke. He was of Dutch ancestry on his father's side and of English and Scottish ancestry on his mother's side. His mother is a "Mayflower" descendant.


title: Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water

text: The album debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200 and sold 1.05 million copies in its first week which made it the fastest-selling rock album ever, breaking the record which was held for 7 years by Pearl Jam's Vs. The album was also the 18th best-selling album of the 2000s in the US.


title: Charley Pride

text: Charley Pride was born on March 18, 1938 in Sledge, Mississippi to a family of sharecroppers. A mistake on his birth certificate reads his first name as "Charl." Growing up, Pride dreamed of becoming a baseball pitcher and learned to play the guitar at the age of 14.


title: Tacuinum sanitatis

text: It describes in detail the beneficial and harmful properties of foods and plants. It explains the six essential elements for well-being:


title: Ni Hao, Kai-Lan

text: Hoho is one of the main characters in the Nickelodeon animated series, Ni Hao, Kai-Lan. He is voiced by Angie Wu.


title: Code talker

text: About 400 to 500 Native Americans in the United States Marine Corps whose primary job was to transmit secret tactical messages.


title: Daytona 500

text: Eventually, the race was held in 1959, It was the second 500-mile NASCAR race, following the Southern 500, By 1961, the race was referred as the Daytona 500.


title: Jerry Van Dyke

text: On January 5, 2018, Van Dyke died of heart failure at his ranch in Malvern, Arkansas at the age of 86. He had been in declining health since being involved a car accident two years earlier.


text: The album featured the singles "My Generation", "Rollin' (Air Raid Vehicle)", "Take a Look Around", "Boiler", and "My Way".


title: Charley Pride

text: Pride got his start in baseball in The American Negro League for many teams, including the Mississippi Red Sox, the Birmingham Black Barons, the New York Mets and the Boise Yankees. (The C team for the New York Yankees). It was during this time Pride met and married his wife, Rozene.


title: Ni Hao, Kai-Lan

text: Lulu is a cute and very pretty pink rhino who has a red balloon tied to her horn that helps her fly in the sky. Her best friend is Kai-Lan and other friends. When her friends are in trouble, Lulu is the one in the group who stays calm, remains positive, and thinks of a solution to the problem. Lulu is always seen as being there to help her friends. Lulu's home is a castle in the sky. Lulu plays the piano in Kai-Lan's music group. Her favorite fruit is the lychee. She likes balloons, tea parties, dancing, playing house and dressing up like a fairy and more. She is very nice, energetic, and sweet.


title: Code talker

text: The code talkers improved the speed of encryption and decryption of communications in front line operations during World War II.


title: Charley Pride

text: Pride was known to sing at baseball games. He was encouraged to pursue a career in music and caught the eye of record producer Chet Atkins who signed Pride a record deal in 1965. Following that year, Pride released and recorded his debut song "The Snakes Crawl out at Night" which played on the radio but didn't chart. It wasn't until 1969 when he released the record "From Me to You" that he became more well known. In 1971 Pride was at the top of the "Billboard" charts with the song "Kiss an Angel Good Mornin." Pride also played concerts internationally in Northern Ireland in 1975. In 1981, Pride sang for Ronald Reagan at his Inauguration. The same year he released the album "There's A Little Bit of Hank in Me, where he does his own versions of songs which were first done by Hank Williams.


title: Ni Hao, Kai-Lan

text: Rintoo is one of the main characters in the Nickelodeon series, Ni Hao, Kai-Lan. He is voiced by Jack Samson.


title: Code talker

text: Native soldiers developed two types of Native American Code Talking (NACT). First developed by Choctaw in World War I, Type one NACT contained coded vocabulary, collections of words or phrases that were assigned to military subjects, within their languages. Type two NACT simply used existing Native languages. Both forms worked as codes because they were based on languages unknown to the enemy and, as the new codes were not based on mathematical processes as found in most code and cipher systems, the enemy had nothing to which to compare them.


title: Charley Pride

text: Pride and his wife Rozene lived in Dallas, Texas. In 2010, Pride became an investor for the Texas Rangers and was regularly seen at their games.


title: Code talker

text: During World War II, Comanche soldiers created about 250 coded terms, while Navajo soldiers eventually developed more than 700 terms. Many terms were based on everyday things in the tribal communities such as animals, food, material items and descriptions. Examples of code terms include the Comanche terms for tank (“wakaree’e” or “turtle”) and telephone exchange (“puhihwi tekwapu kahni” or “metal talking house”); the Hopi terms for ship (“pa-a-ki-hu” or “houses on water”) and the M-1 rifle (mouth and one); and the Navajo term for grenade (“ni-ma-si” or “potatoes”). A 1941 edition of the journal “The Masterkey” reports that one of the tribes in the Chippewa and Oneida group developed terms based on the colors of military hat cords and other insignia, with the Native word for “blue” meaning infantry, “yellow” meaning cavalry and “red” for artillery. The Comanche even had a code name for Adolf Hitler—“Po’sa taiboo’” (Crazy White Man). Hopi, Meskwaki and Canadian Cree also had specially devised code terms, although the number is unknown.


title: Code talker

text: Eight Hopi code talkers were in the 81st Division. Although Frank Chapella, Franklin Shupla and Warren Koopyaquaptewa were all from the village of Tewa, they were both Tewa and Hopi and so spoke both of these tribes’ languages. Frank Chapella’s wife, Elidia Chapella, and his son, Marshall Shupla, recall how these three individuals spoke to one another in Tewa (their matrilineal classification through their mothers) and in Hopi with the other five members of their unit.


title: Code talker

text: Some Type one NACT groups like the Comanche and Navajo also developed alphabet systems, using the first letter of English words translated from Native words to spell out names of individuals and locations. For example, the translation of the Comanche words for pear, ant, rain, ice and snake could be combined to convey “Paris.” While the Comanche used an open system by using any word that translated to the desired letter, the Navajo developed a set vocabulary, such as “wol-la-chee” (ant) for the letter a, “shush” (bear) for b, “moasi” (cat) for c and so on. Later they developed three interchangeable words for each English letter. Both systems prevented repetition and inhibited breaking of the code.


title: Code talker

text: One of the benefits of using these codes derived from Native language was open-air messages could be sent faster, often in one to two minutes compared to existing encryption methods requiring up to four hours to craft, communicate and decode. NACT messages were typically brief—usually less than three lines—to avoid creating radio congestion, drawing enemy attention, providing repetition or giving the enemy more transmissions to analyze. “Whenever we sent a message it was short, sweet and to the point,” Comanche code talker Roderick Red Elk noted.


title: Code talker

text: Because of the speed of their communications, code talkers were especially important in relaying information and conveying orders that needed immediate implementation or response, such as troop movement, enemy resistance, evacuation of wounded and directing artillery, ammunition and other supplies. “It was in these defensive positions where you used it quite a bit,” Comanche code talker Forrest Kassanavoid said. “All critical information, something they felt was really top secret, was in Comanche.”


title: Code talker

text: During 1943 and 1944, U.S. Army, Navy and Marine Corps representatives considered increasing their numbers of American Indian code talkers. However, Army and Navy leaders were skeptical the code talkers’ messages were secure and decided not to expand their units. The Marine Corps expressed optimism but kept silent about its growing program.