title: Ascension of Jesus

text: Ascension Day is often celebrated on a Thursday, the fortieth day of Easter, although some Christian denominations have moved the observance to the following Sunday.


title: Rita Wilson

text: Margarita Ibrahimoff (born October 26, 1956) better known as Rita Wilson is an American actress, singer, and producer. She is best known for her roles in "Sleepless in Seattle" (1993), "Now and Then" (1995), "Jingle All the Way" (1996), "The Story of Us" (1999) and "Runaway Bride" (1999). She and her husband Tom Hanks produced the movie "My Big Fat Greek Wedding" (2002).


title: Rita Wilson

text: On March 12, 2020, Tom Hanks announced that he and Wilson had tested positive for COVID-19 while Hanks was shooting "Elvis" in Australia.


title: John Gotti

text: John Joseph Gotti, Jr. (October 27, 1940 – June 10, 2002), commonly known by the media as "The Dapper Don" and "The Teflon Don" after the murder of his former boss Paul Castellano, was the boss of the well known Gambino crime family.


title: Deadlock

text: A deadlock is a situation wherein two or more competing actions are waiting for the other to finish. As a consequence, neither ever does. It is often seen in a paradox like the "chicken or the egg."


title: Deadlock

text: In computer science, deadlock refers to a specific condition when two or more processes are each waiting for each other to release a resource. It can also be that more than two processes are waiting for a number of resources. Deadlock is a common problem in multiprocessing where many processes share a specific type of mutually exclusive resource known as a "software lock" or "soft lock". Computers intended for the "time-sharing" or "real-time" markets often have a "hardware lock" (or "hard lock") which guarantees "exclusive access" to processes. This forces the prforcing serialized access. Deadlocks are particularly troubling because there is no "general" solution to avoid (soft) deadlocks.


title: Deadlock

text: A similar situation is when two people are drawing diagrams, but they have only one pencil and one ruler. If one person takes the pencil and the other takes the ruler, a deadlock occurs when the person with the pencil needs the ruler and the person with the ruler needs the pencil to finish his work with the ruler. Both requests can't be satisfied, so a deadlock occurs.


title: Deadlock

text: The telecommunications description of deadlock is a little stronger: deadlock occurs when none of the processes meet the condition to move to another state (as described in the process's finite state machine) "and" all the communication channels are empty. The second condition is often left out on other systems but is important in the telecommunication context.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: The Constitution of Australia is the law that set up the Australian Commonwealth Government and says how it works. It is made up of several documents. The most important is the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia. The people of Australia voted in referendums from 1898–1900 to accept the Constitution. The Constitution was then passed as a part of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (Imp), an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Queen Victoria signed it on 9 July 1900. The Constitution became law on 1 January 1901. Even though the Constitution was an Act of the United Kingdom parliament, the Australia Acts took away the power of the United Kingdom parliament to change the Constitution. Now only the Australian people can change it by referendum.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Two other laws support the Australian Constitution. The first is the Statute of Westminster, as passed by the Commonwealth as the "Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942." The second is the "Australia Act 1986", which was passed by the Parliaments of every Australian state, the United Kingdom, and the Australian Federal Parliament. Together, these Acts had the effect of cutting all constitutional links between Australia and the United Kingdom. Even though the same person, Queen Elizabeth II, is the monarch of both countries, these are now separate countries.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Under Australia's common law system, the High Court of Australia and the Federal Court of Australia have the power to decide what the constitution actually means.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: The history of the Constitution of Australia began with moves towards federation in the 19th century. The Australian colonies joined together to form the Commonwealth of Australian in 1901.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: In the mid-19th century, the Australian colonies needed to work together on things that affected them all, especially tariffs between the colonies. This cooperation led to plans to join the colonies together in a single federation. The push to do this came mainly from Britain and there was little local support. The smaller colonies thought they would be taken over by the larger ones. Victoria and New South Wales did not agree about the need to protect local industry, as opposed to allowing everyone to trade freely. The then-recent American Civil War also weakened the case for federalism. These difficulties led to the failure of several attempts to bring about federation in the 1860s and 1850s.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: By the 1880s Australians were worried about the growing presence of the Germans and the French in the Pacific. Along with a growing Australian identity, this created the opportunity to start the first inter-colonial body, the Federal Council of Australasia, in 1885. This Federal Council could make laws on certain subjects, but did not have a permanent office, an executive, or its own source of income. New South Wales, the largest colony, would not take part.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Henry Parkes, the Premier of New South Wales, pushed for a series of conferences in the 1890s to talk about federalism. The first was in Melbourne in 1890, and another, the National Australasian Convention, in Sydney in 1891. These were attended by colonial leaders. By the 1891 conference, many people wanted a federal system. Most of the discussion was about how this federal system would work. With help from Sir Samuel Griffith, a draft constitution was written. These meetings did not have popular support. The draft constitution also left out important, but difficult, issues, such as tariff policy. The draft of 1891 was given to colonial parliaments but was not supported by New South Wales. Without New South Wales, the other colonies were unwilling to continue.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: In 1895, the six premiers of the Australian colonies agreed to set up a new Convention by popular vote. The Convention met over the course of a year from 1897 to 1898. The meetings produced a new Constitution that was the same as the 1891 draft, but with added provisions for responsible government. To get popular support, the draft was voted on by the electors of each colony. After one failed attempt, a changed draft was given to the electors of each colony except Western Australia. Five colonies passed the Bill that was then sent to the Westminster Parliament with a letter requesting the Queen to make it into law.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: The British government made one change before the Bill was passed. The Chief Justices of the colonies wanted the right to appeal decisions of the High Court to the Privy Council on constitutional matters. They were worried that the limits of the powers of the Commonwealth or States could be changed by parliament. The British Parliament passed the "Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act" in 1900. Western Australia finally agreed to join the Commonwealth in time for it to join the Commonwealth of Australia, which officially began on 1 January 1901.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: In 1990, the Public Records Office in London loaned the original copy 1900 of the "Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act" to Australia. The Australian government wanted to keep the copy. The British parliament agreed by passing the "Australian Constitution (Public Record Copy) Act 1990".


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Although Federation made Australia independent of Britain, legally the Commonwealth was a creation of the British Imperial Parliament, through the "Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act" 1900 (Imp), which applied to Australia. As a result, there was continued uncertainty as to whether British Imperial laws still applied to the Commonwealth. This was fixed by the "Statute of Westminster 1931", adopted by the Commonwealth via the "Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942". The Statute of Westminster freed the Dominions, including the Commonwealth, from Imperial laws and controls. Legally, this is the moment of Australia's national independence.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: However, British laws were still more important in Australian states. This was fixed by the "Australia Act 1986", which was passed by the parliaments of Australia, the United Kingdom, and each of the states. This law stopped the British Parliament's power to make laws over Australian states. It also stopped appeals from the Australian courts to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. As this was a very important document, Queen Elizabeth II travelled to Australia to sign the proclamation of the law.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: One result of these two laws is that Australia is now a fully independent country. The Constitution is now different from the original Act, as the Australian people can change the Constitution, by referendum. However, the original Act remains on the UK's law book with a note saying, "The Constitution is not necessarily in the form in which it is in force in Australia". Even if the United Kingdom Parliament were to remove the "Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900", it would have no effect on Australia.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: The "Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900" (Imp) contains a Preamble, and nine sections. Sections 1– 8 are the laws to set up the Commonwealth. Section 9, starting with the words "The Constitution of the Commonwealth shall be as follows ...", contains the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia. The Constitution itself is in eight chapters, with 128 sections.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Section 1 says that legislative power belongs to the Parliament. It is the most powerful part of government.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Part II of Chapter 1 is about the Senate. Senators are to be "directly chosen by the people of the State", voting as a single electorate. Each State is to have the same number of senators. Currently, there are 12 senators for each State, and 2 each for the mainland territories, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Part III of Chapter 1 is about the House of Representatives. Section 24 says the House must have twice as many members as the Senate, each elected by a single electorate. This is called the 'Nexus'. It designed to prevent swamping of the senate's power in the case of a joint sitting (see Section 57 below). The number of electorates in a State is to be based on its share of the national population.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Part IV of Chapter 1 says who can vote, who can be elected to the parliament, how much members can be paid, parliamentary rules and related matters.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Part V of Chapter 1 is about the powers of the parliament. Section 51 deals with powers of the Commonwealth parliament and are called "specific powers". There are also "concurrent powers", and both the Commonwealth and the States can make laws on these subjects. Federal law is more important if the laws are different (Section 109). Of the thirty-nine parts of section 51, a few have become very important in deciding how much power the Commonwealth government has in law. These include the Trade and Commerce Power, the Corporations Power and the External Affairs Power. Section 52 deals with powers that belong only to the Commonwealth parliament. States cannot make laws on these subjects.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Chapter II sets up the executive branch of government. Executive power is to be exercised by the Governor-General, advised by the Federal Executive Council. The Governor-General is the commander in chief. He or she may appoint and dismiss the members of the Executive Council, ministers of state, and all officers of the executive government. These powers, along with the powers to dissolve (or refuse to dissolve) parliament (Section 5, Section 57), are termed "reserve powers". The use of these powers is by convention. Generally, the Governor-General acts only on the advice of the Prime Minister. There has been only one instance of the Governor-General not taking the Prime Minister's advice. Governor-General Sir John Kerr, acting on his own, dismissed Prime Minister Gough Whitlam in the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Reserve powers in all Westminster nations are only "extremely" rarely exercised outside of the understood conventions. However, in contrast with the constitutions of other Commonwealth Realms such as Canada, which formally grant extensive reserve powers to the Monarch, even the formal powers of the Queen of Australia are extremely limited, and most powers can be used only by the Governor-General.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Section 68 says that the Command in chief of Australia's naval and military forces "is vested in the Governor General as the Queen's representative". The Commander in chief of the Australian Defence Force is now Her Excellency Quentin Bryce as the Governor General of Australia. The Queen of Australia is not in command of the military.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Chapter III sets up the judicial branch of government. Section 71 gives judicial power to a "Federal Supreme Court" called the High Court of Australia. The Parliament can also make new federal courts or give other courts federal powers. Such courts, called "Chapter III Courts", are the only courts that can use federal judicial power. Sections 73 and 75-78 outline the original and appellate jurisdiction of the High Court. Section 74 explains how an appeal can be made to the Queen in Council. Section 79 allows Parliament to limit the number of judges able to exercise federal jurisdiction and section 80 guarantees trial by jury for indictable offences against the Commonwealth.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Chapter IV deals with finance and trade in the federal system. Section 81 says that all Commonwealth revenue shall form the Consolidated Revenue Fund. Parliament can make laws as to the how its money is spent (Section 53). Unlike most other powers of the parliament, laws made under this power cannot usually be challenged. Section 90 gives the Commonwealth exclusive power over duties of custom and excise.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Section 92 provides that "trade, commerce, and intercourse among the States shall be "absolutely free"". The precise meaning of this phrase is the subject of a considerable body of law.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Section 96 gives the Commonwealth power to give money to States "on such terms and conditions as the Parliament thinks fit". This power is not limited by any other part of the Constitution, such as Section 99 that forbids giving preference to one State or over another State. It is subject only to Section 116, freedom of religion, and possibly other such freedoms. This power, which was only meant to be used ("during a period of ten years ... and thereafter until the Parliament otherwise provides"), has been used by the Commonwealth to encourage cooperation by the States to various extents over the years.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Section 101 sets up an Inter-State Commission, a body which is no longer exists, but which was meant to have a significant role in the federal structure.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Chapter V says what the States can do in a federal system. Sections 106-108 preserve the Constitution, the powers of the Parliament, and the laws in force of each of the States.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Section 111 says that a State can give up any part of its lands to the Commonwealth. This has happened several times. South Australia gave the Northern Territory to the Commonwealth.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Section 114 stops any state from having its own military force. It also stops the State or the Commonwealth taxing each other's property.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Section 116 sets out "freedom of religion", by stopping "the Commonwealth" from making any law to start a religion, to impose any religious observance, or to stop a religion, and by stopping religious discrimination for public office.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Chapter VI allows new states to be made, or to join the Commonwealth. Section 122 allows the Parliament to provide for the representation in Parliament of any new territory. Section 123 says that changing the boundaries of a State needs the support of the Parliament of that State and must pass a referendum in that State.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Chapter VII says that the seat of government of the Commonwealth (now Canberra) shall be in New South Wales but no less than one hundred miles from Sydney, and that the Governor-General may appoint deputies. Section 127 first said that Aborigines cannot be counted in any Commonwealth or State census. This section was changed in 1967.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Chapter VIII sets out how the Constitution can be changed. Section 128 says that changes must be approved by a referendum. A successful change needs:


title: Constitution of Australia

text: The Governor-General must put the referendum bill to the people between two and six months after passing parliament. After the constitutional amendment bill has passed both the parliament and the referendum, it then receives Royal Assent from the Governor-General. This makes it the new law and the wording of the Constitution is changed.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: An exception to this process is if the amendment bill is rejected by one house of Federal Parliament. If the bill passes the first house and is rejected by the second, then after three months the first house may pass it again. If the bill is still rejected by the second house, then the Governor-General may choose to still put the bill to the people's vote.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: As mentioned above, changing the Constitution requires a referendum in which the "Yes" vote achieves a majority nationally, as well as majorities in a majority of states.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Forty-four proposals to change the Constitution have been voted on at referendums. Eight have been approved. The following is a list of changes that have been approved.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: As well as the written Constitution and Letters Patent issued by the Crown, conventions are an important part of the Constitution. These have developed over the years and define how various constitutional mechanisms work in practice.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Conventions play a powerful role in the operation of the Australian constitution because of its set-up and operation as a Westminster system of responsible government. Some important conventions include:


title: Constitution of Australia

text: However, because conventions are not written down, their existence and practice are open to debate. Real or alleged violation of convention has often led to political controversy. One extreme case was the Australian constitutional crisis of 1975, in which the operation of conventions was seriously tested. The ensuing constitutional crisis was resolved dramatically when the Governor-General Sir John Kerr dismissed the Labor Prime Minister Gough Whitlam, appointing Malcolm Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister pending the 1975 general election. A number of conventions were said to be broken during this episode. These include:


title: Constitution of Australia

text: In line with the common law tradition in Australia, the law on the interpretation and application of the Constitution has developed largely through judgments by the High Court of Australia. In a number of important cases, the High Court has developed several "doctrines" which underlie the interpretation of the Australian Constitution. Some examples include:


title: Constitution of Australia

text: The vast majority of constitutional cases before the High Court deal with characterisation: whether new laws are part of the power granted to the Commonwealth government by the Constitution.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: The Australian Constitution does not include a Bill of Rights. Some people at the 1898 Constitutional Convention wanted a Bill of Rights like the United States Constitution, but the majority felt that the traditional rights and freedoms of British subjects were enough. These would be protected by the Parliamentary system and independent judiciary which the Constitution would create. As a result, the Australian Constitution has often been criticised for not protecting rights and freedoms.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: In 1992 and 1994, the High Court of Australia found that the Constitution gave an "implied" right to freedom of political communication, in a series of cases including the "Australian Capital Television" case and the "Theophanous" case. This was seen as a necessary part of the democratic system created by the Constitution. The application of this "implied right" has, however, been restricted in later cases, such as "Lange v ABC". It is in no way equivalent to a freedom of speech, and only protects individuals against the government trying to limit their political communication: it offers no protection against other individuals.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: In 2007, the High Court of Australia in "Roach v Electoral Commissioner" said that sections 7 and 24 of the Constitution, by providing that members of the House of Representatives and the Senate be "directly chosen by the people", created a limited right to vote. This means that there is a universal franchise in principle, and limited the Federal Parliament's legislative power to change it. In the case, a legislative change to stop all prisoners from voting (as opposed to only those serving sentences of three years or more, as it was before the amendment) was rejected as breaking that right.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: While a "pro forma" preamble prefaces the Imperial "Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900", the Australian Constitution itself does not have a preamble. There have been some calls to add one to express the spirit and aspirations embodied in the constitution. However, there has been fierce opposition, usually on the basis of the content of the preamble, as well as possible legal ramifications of this text. In 1999, a proposed preamble, written by John Howard, the then Prime Minister, was defeated in a referendum held concurrently with the Republic referendum. The "Yes" vote (in favour of the insertion of the preamble) did not achieve a majority in any of the six states.


title: Constitution of Australia

text: There have been many people who have wanted Australia to become a republic. On 6 November 1999, Australians did not support a law to remove the Queen and replace the Governor-General with a President. The President was to be appointed by a two-thirds majority of the members of the Commonwealth Parliament. Opinion poll results said that the majority of Australians were in favour of some form of a republic. Many voters who voted against the 1999 referendum wanted to be able to vote for a President. In research and polling following the 1999 referendum, people said that an appointed President would not be able to act independently of the Parliament. By being able to appoint the President, rather than having the people elect a President, many felt that too much power was being given to Parliament with no check or balance on that power. Support for holding another referendum in the near future seems to be growing, and another referendum may be held. Former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd said the current (2012) situation "no longer reflects either the fundamental democratic principles that underpin the Australian nation or its diversity". He was thinking about a referendum for an independent, elected President. He went on to say that "over the next year there would be an "accelerated public debate" about the monarchy question".


title: Constitution of Australia

text: Constitution Day is celebrated on 9 July, the date the Constitution became law in 1900. The date is not a public holiday. Constitution Day was first held on 9 July 2000 to mark the centenary of the Constitution as part of the Centenary of Federation. The celebrations were not big and have not been widely held after 2001. Constitution Day was revived in 2007 and is jointly organised by the National Archives of Australia, which holds the original Constitution documents, and the Department of Immigration and Citizenship.


title: Ford Explorer

text: The Ford Explorer is a mid-sized SUV that is built by Ford Motor Company. The Explorer has been built for five generations, the first generation was a 2-door and 4-door SUV and was produced from 1991 to 1994, the second generation was a 2-door, 4-door and 4-door pickup truck and was produced from 1995-2001, 1995-2003 for the Sport and 2001-2005 for the Sport Trac, the third generation was a 5-door SUV only and was produced from 2002-2005, the forth generation was also a 5-door SUV and was produced 2006-2010 and the fifth generation has been produced since 2011 with a facelift for 2016.


title: Hylonomus

text: Hylonomus is an extinct stem tetrapod which lived 312 million years ago (mya) during the Pennsylvanian.


title: Hylonomus

text: The lack of skull openings behind the eyes makes it difficult to decide whether or not it is a sauropsid. "Westlothiana" is older, but may have been an amphibian, and "Casineria" is rather fragmentary.


title: Hylonomus

text: "Hylonomus" was long (including the tail) and probably would have looked rather similar to modern lizards. It had small sharp teeth and likely ate small invertebrates such as millipedes or early insects.


title: Hylonomus

text: Fossils of "Hylonomus" have been found in the remains of fossilized club moss stumps in Joggins Fossil Cliffs, Nova Scotia, Canada. The theory is that, after harsh weather, the club mosses would crash down. The stumps eventually hollow out. Small animals such as "Hylonomus", seeking shelter, might enter and become trapped, starving to death. Fossils of the basal pelycosaur "Archaeothyris" and the basal diapsid "Petrolacosaurus" are also found in the same region of Nova Scotia, higher up, dated about 6 million years later.


title: Hylonomus

text: Some fossilized footprints, from about 315 mya, have been found in New Brunswick. They are attributed to "Hylonomus".


title: Hariprasad Chaurasia

text: Hariprasad Chaurasia (born 1 July 1938) is an Indian music director and classical flautist. He plays the flute, in the Hindustani classical tradition. Chaurasia was born in Allahabad, United Provinces, British India. He was known for being part of the duo Shiv–Hari with Shivkumar Sharma. His career began in 1957. Some of the best known music he composed for movies were "Faasle" (1985), "Chandni" (1989), "Lamhe" (1991), and "Darr" (1993).


title: MacOS High Sierra

text: macOS High Sierra (version 10.13) is the fourteenth major release of macOS, Apple Inc.'s desktop operating system for Macintosh computers. macOS High Sierra was announced at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference on June 5, 2017 and was released on September 25, 2017. The name "High Sierra" refers to the High Sierra region in California. Like with Snow Leopard, Mountain Lion, and El Capitan, the name also suggests to its status as a better version of its older version, focused on performance improvements rather than user features.


title: Malik Ghulam Muhammad

text: Ghulam Muhammad (20 April 1895 - 12 September 1956, ) served as third Governor-General of Pakistan from 1951 until 1955, and was also the 1st Finance Minister shortly before his death in 1956.


title: Grimsby, Ontario

text: Grimsby (population 26 000) is a town on Lake Ontario in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. Grimsby is a part of the Hamilton Census Metropolitan Area. Most of its population lives in the area surrounded Lake Ontario and the Niagara escarpment. The escarpment is home to a section of the Bruce Trail. There are many famous people from Grimsby, including NHL player Kevin Bieksa, and The Three Stooges director Del Lord. Grimsby is known as "the gateway between Hamilton and Niagara". In the early 1900's, Grimsby was known as an amusement park, with a roller coaster, a movie theater, and cabins on the lake. One of Grimsby's elementary schools, Grand Avenue Public School, used to be the fairgrounds for the amusement park.


title: Vivek Murthy

text: Vivek Hallegere Murthy (born July 10, 1977) is an American physician and a vice admiral in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps. Murthy is the 21st and current Surgeon General of the United States since 2021 during the Joe Biden presidency. Before, he served as the 19th Surgeon General from 2014 through 2017 during the Barack Obama presidency.


title: Vivek Murthy

text: Murthy, founder of nonprofit Doctors for Obama, replaced Boris Lushniak, who had been acting Surgeon General since 2013. Murthy was the first Surgeon General of Indian descent and was the youngest active duty flag officer in federal uniformed service.


title: Vivek Murthy

text: On April 21, 2017, Murthy was relieved of his duties but will continue to serve as a member of the Commissioned Corps. Rear Admiral Sylvia Trent-Adams was named acting Surgeon General.


title: Vivek Murthy

text: On November 9, 2020, then President-elect of the United States Joe Biden announced that Murthy would co-chair his COVID-19 Advisory Board, alongside former U.S. Food and Drug Administration commissioner David A. Kessler and Yale public health professor Marcella Nunez-Smith. On December 3, "Politico" reported that Murthy would return to the role of Surgeon General in the Biden administration. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 23, 2021 with a 57-43 vote.


title: Last of the Summer Wine

text: Last of the Summer Wine is a British sitcom. It ran longer than any other comedy show in the UK and longer than any other sitcom in the world. It airs on the television channel BBC One. Roy Clarke writes the show and Alan J. W. Bell produces and directs it. It started as an episode of the television show "Comedy Playhouse" and originally aired on 4 January 1973. The first series of episodes started airing on 12 November 1973. The show had broadcast its 30th series in 2009 and the 31st and final series was shown in 2010.


title: Last of the Summer Wine

text: "Last of the Summer Wine" was filmed in and around Holmfirth, West Yorkshire, England. It features three older men who never get old and act like they are children. The three originally were Norman Clegg (Peter Sallis), Cyril Blamire (Michael Bates), and Compo Simmonite (Bill Owen). After two years, Blamire left the show. In his place, Brian Wilde joined as Foggy Dewhurst. The current cast is Russ Abbot as Hobbo Hobdyke, Burt Kwouk as Entwistle, and Brian Murphy as Alvin Smedley.


title: Last of the Summer Wine

text: Some think the show is not as good as it used to be. Many people continue watching it, though, and praise it for portraying older people well and for its family-friendly humour. Members of the British Royal Family enjoy the show. The show has been nominated for some awards and won the National Television Award for Most Popular Comedy Programme in 1999. There have been many holiday specials, two television movies, and a documentary movie about the series. "Last of the Summer Wine" has inspired other adaptations, including a television prequel, several novelisations, and a stage adaptation.


title: Representation (politics)

text: In politics, representation describes how political power is given from a large group for a certain time period in the hands of a comparatively small group of its members. Representation usually refers to representative democracies, where elected officials (called "representatives") nominally speak for their electors in the legislature. Generally, only citizens have representation in the government in the form of voting rights. The term representation can be used in a number of different ways. Representation can be understood in terms of how legislators represent their constituents.


Numerical methods for partial differential equations are computational schemes to obtain approximate solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs).


title: Numerical methods for partial differential equations

text: The scientific journal "Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations" is published to promote the studies of this area.


text: Chebfun is one of the most famous software in this field. They are also many libraries based on the finite element method such as:


text: Many PDEs appeared for the study of physics and other areas in science. Therefore, many mathematicians have challenged to make methods to solve them, but there is no method to mathematically solve PDEs except the Hirota direct method and the inverse scattering method. This is why numerical methods for PDEs are needed.


text: One of the most basic PDE solver is the finite difference method (FDM). This method approximates derivatives as differences:


text: This method works for easy problems. But it is powerless to some equations (such as the Navier–Stokes equations) because they are non-linear. Since this difficulty appeared, numerical analysts started to study other methods (just like the finite element method, FEM). On the other hand, some experts started to consider improvements for FDM.


text: Ryogo Hirota, Mark Ablowitz and others have made methods that preserves the integrability (important mathematical property in the theory of dynamical systems) of PDEs. These methods are known to have better accuaracy than the original FDM.


text: Many PDEs have appeared from physics. So we can think about difference methods preserving physical properties. These difference methods are known as structure preserving numerical methods. The following list is the examples of them:


text: The difference mthods in above have high accuracy, but their usage is limited because they depend on the behaviour of the given PDEs. This is why new types of FDM are still studied. For example, the following methods are studied:


text: Not only approximate solvers, but the study to "verify the existence of solution by computers" is also active. This study is needed because numerically obtained solutions could be phantom solutions (fake solutions). This kind of incident is already reported.


title: Interferon

text: Interferons (IFNs) are proteins released by body cells in response to pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites or to tumor cells. They allow cells to trigger the defenses of the immune system.


title: Interferon

text: IFNs belong to the large class of glycoproteins known as cytokines. Interferons are named after their ability to "interfere" with virus replication inside host cells.


title: Interferon

text: About ten distinct IFNs have been identified in mammals; seven of these have been described for humans. All IFNs are very important for fighting viral infections.


title: Sanya Malhotra

text: Sanya Malhotra (born 25 February 1992) is an Indian actress who works in Hindi films. She began her career with supporting roles in the biographical sports film "Dangal" (2016) and the comedy "Badhaai Ho" (2018), both of which rank among the highest-grossing Indian films.


title: Sanya Malhotra

text: Malhotra received nominations for the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress for her roles in the drama "Photograph" (2019) and the black comedy "Ludo" (2020), and also received praise for starring in "Shakuntala Devi" (2020), "Pagglait" (2021) and


title: Mexican Americans

text: Mexican Americans are US citizens of Mexican ancestry. They account for 9% of the country's population: about 28.3 million Americans listed their Original Native ancestry as Mexican as of 2006. They form the largest Original Native group in the United States and contain the largest group of . Mexican Americans trace their ancestry to the modern day country of Mexico or the Southwestern United States.


title: Mexican Americans

text: Most Mexican Americans live in the four states that border Mexico, California, Texas, Arizona and New Mexico. The areas in and around Los Angeles is home to over six million Mexican Americans. There are also a number of large Mexican American communities in other areas of the Western and Southwestern United States. Though Chicago is not in the Western or Southwestern United States, it has 1.4 million Mexican Americans, more Mexican Americans than any city except Los Angeles. The metro areas of Dallas, Houston, and Phoenix each have more than one million Mexicans. There are a growing number of Mexican Americans in the Midwest and South.


title: Mexican Americans

text: Most Mexican Americans have been referred to as "mestizos", by the generational cast system imposed by Europeans by which people of Original Native ancestry are more one ethnicity. Most of their heritage is the indigenous, Original Native people of Mexico, but it often contains other groups, Central, South America Original Native. Some have a mixture of the casts such as Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Irish and Native American tribes from the U.S. such as Apache.


title: Physical abuse

text: Physical abuse is a form of abuse which causes feelings of pain, injury, or other physical suffering. Physical abuse may lead to low self-esteem and other mental problems.


title: Carrie Lam

text: Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor, GBM, GBS (; "née" Cheng, born 13 May 1957) is a Hong Kong politician. She was the 4th Chief Executive of Hong Kong from 2017 to 2022. She was the Chief Secretary for Administration, from 2012 to 2017, and as Secretary for Development from 2007 to 2012.


title: Habsburg Spain

text: Habsburg Spain means the history of Spain over the 16th and 17th centuries (1506–1700). This was when Spain was ruled by the major branch of the Habsburg dynasty. Under Habsburg rule (mostly under Charles I and Philip II), Spain reached the height of its influence and power. The Hapsburgs had land including the Americas; the East Indies in Asia; the Low Countries, territories now in France and Germany in Europe. From 1580 to 1640 they had the Portuguese Empire; and various other lands such as small enclaves like Ceuta and Oran in North Africa. Habsburg Spain was, for well over a century, the world's greatest power. For this reason, this period of Spanish history has also been called the "Age of Expansion."


title: Habsburg Spain

text: With the Habsburgs, Spain was one of the greatest political and military powers in Europe and the world for much of the 16th and 17th centuries. During the Habsburg's period, Spain ushered in the Spanish Golden Age of arts and literature producing some of the world's most outstanding writers and painters and influential intellectuals, including Teresa of Ávila, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Miguel de Cervantes, Francisco de Quevedo, Diego Velázquez, El Greco, Domingo de Soto, Francisco Suárez and Francisco de Vitoria.


title: Habsburg Spain

text: Spain or "the Spains", referring to Spanish territories across different continents in this period, initially covered the entire Iberian peninsula, including the kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, León, Navarre and, from 1580, Portugal.


title: Habsburg Spain

text: The marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1469 resulted in the union of the two main crowns, Castile and Aragon, which eventually led to the de facto unification of Spain, after the culmination of the "Reconquista" with the conquest of Granada in 1492 and of Navarre in 1512-1529. Isabella and Ferdinand were bestowed the title of "Catholic King and Queen" by Pope Alexander VI in 1494, and the term "Monarchia Catholica" (Catholic Monarchy, Modern Spanish: "Monarquía Católica") remained in use for the monarchy under the Spanish Habsburgs. The Habsburg period is formative of the notion of "Spain" in the sense that was institutionalized in the 18th century.


title: Habsburg Spain

text: Spain as a unified state came into being "de jure" after the Nueva Planta decrees of 1707 that succeeded the multiple crowns of its former realms. After the death in 1700 of Spain's last Habsburg king Charles II, the resulting War of the Spanish Succession led to the ascension of Philip V of the Bourbon dynasty and began a new centralizing state formation.


title: Habsburg Spain

text: Among the most outstanding figures of this period were Diego Velázquez, El Greco, Miguel de Cervantes, Teresa of Ávila, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Francisco de Vitoria, Domingo de Soto and Francisco Suárez.


title: Christina Rossetti

text: Christina Georgina Rossetti (5 December 1830 – 29 December 1894) was born in Charlotte Street (now 105 Hallam Street), in London. She was an English Victorian poet. She wrote a variety of romantic, devotional, and children's poems.


title: Christina Rossetti

text: She is known for her poem "Goblin Market", the "Remember" and her sonnets. She also wrote the words of two Christmas carols well known in the British Isles: "In the Bleak Midwinter", later set to music by Gustav Holst and by Harold Darke, and "Love Came Down at Christmas", also set by Harold Darke and by other composers.


title: Christina Rossetti

text: Her father Gabriele Rossetti was also a poet and a political exile from Vasto, Abruzzo, since 1824 and her mother Frances Polidori was the sister of Lord Byron's friend and physician, John William Polidori.


title: Christina Rossetti

text: She had two brothers and a sister: Dante Gabriel became an influential artist and poet, and William Michael and Maria both became writers.


title: Christina Rossetti

text: Christina was the youngest child in the family, she was a lively child and she dictated her first story to her mother before she had learned to write.


title: Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907

text: Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907, was a passenger flight flying from Manaus to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. On 29 September 2006, the Boeing 737-800 operating this flight was involved in a midair collision with an Embraer Legacy 600 while cruising over the Amazon rainforest. The Embraer landed at a military base safely with no injuries on board, and minor damage to the left wingtip and horizontal stabilizer, but the Boeing twisted out of control was completely destroyed, killing all 154 occupants on board.


title: Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907

text: The Embraer had submitted a computer-generated flight plan to Air Traffic Control for the run north to Manaus. This was for a routing that would take N600XL over Brasília, where, after a slight left turn, airway UZ6 would lead the airplane 1,200 miles to Manaus. It passes over Caiapó Indian territory and Fazenda Jarinã. On the basis of forecasted winds and the Legacy’s performance, it requested a climb to 37,000 feet, or flight level 370, an altitude appropriate for the initial direction of flight. Until Brasília, that direction was slightly to the east side of magnetic north. Airplanes cruising on such easterly headings are usually assigned “odd” altitudes (35,000, 37,000, 39,000), while airplanes cruising on westerly headings are given “even” altitudes (36,000, 38,000, 40,000). Virtuoso air-traffic controllers sometimes allow exceptions to be made when traffic is light (and exceptions are systemic along certain one-way routes), but these cruising rules dictate the altitudes at which airplanes fly worldwide. Since the airway to Manaus required a westerly turn over Brasília, the computer proposed a descent to 36,000.


title: Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907

text: The Legacy struck the Boeing about 30 feet and 2 feet to the left of the fuselage. The Legacy’s winglet acted like a knife, slicing through the Boeing’s left wing about halfway out and severing the wing’s internal spar. The outboard section of the wing whipped upward, stripping skin as it went, then separated entirely, spiraling over the fuselage and demolishing much of the Boeing’s tail.


title: Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907

text: In the Boeing’s cockpit the sequence sounded like a car crash. Instantly, the Boeing twisted out of control, corkscrewing violently to the left and pitching straight down into a rotating vertical dive. The cockpit filled with alarms, "Bank angle! Bank angle! Bank angle!"


title: Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907

text: The pilots fight desperately to regain control as the altitude chord sounded for one and a half seconds. Ten seconds into the dive, one of them cried “"Aye!,"” but the other urged him to stay calm. “"Calma!"” he said, and seconds later he said it again. They extended the landing gear to slow the dive. 22 seconds into the plunge, the airplane’s over-speed clacker came on and continued to the end of the flight. Forces inside the airplane rapidly grew, with loud winds sounding over the cockpit voice recorder until, 30 seconds into the dive, they exceeded four Gs—the gravity-load threshold beyond which some passengers must have began to black out. The pilots kept trying to fly, struggling with the controls and exchanging a few words which are impossible to discern over the plethora of alarms. 45 seconds into the dive came another “"Aye!"” Seven seconds later, the Boeing broke into three parts, which plummeted into the forest below.


title: Caroline Matilda of Wales

text: Caroline Matilda of Great Britain (; 11 July 1751 – 10 May 1775) Queen of Denmark and Norway from 1766 to 1772 and a member of the British Royal Family.


title: Caroline Matilda of Wales

text: She was born in July of 1751.She was the last child of her father Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta. She married Christian VII of Denmark on 8 November 1766 at Christiansborg Castle. She did not know the groom was mentally ill. But the marriage did produce two children. The youngest daughter was thought to be the offspring of the king's doctor and the queen. Nothing was ever proven but the physician was killed and Caroline sent away. She died in May of 1775 at the age of 23.


title: Nancy Pelosi Taiwan visit

text: Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi visited Taiwan on August 2, 2022 as part of a tour of Asia. She also visited Singapore, Malaysia, South Korea and Japan. The White House did not officially support the visit.


title: Nancy Pelosi Taiwan visit

text: Pelosi said that her visit was a sign that the United States will support Taiwan. She also visited the Legislative Yuan and met with President Tsai Ing-wen.


title: Nancy Pelosi Taiwan visit

text: Before her visit, it was not known if Pelosi would visit Taiwan. White House National Security representative John Kirby said that China could respond with a missile attack near Taiwan or other military actions to show they did not approve of Pelosi's visit.


title: Nancy Pelosi Taiwan visit

text: Pelosi compared China's possible actions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, in her article for "The Washington Post" on August 2. She also compared Chinese officials to Russian officials by calling them autocrats.


title: Nancy Pelosi Taiwan visit

text: Pelosi arrived in Taipei, Taiwan late on August 2 by a military aircraft. She met with President Tsai Ing-wen on August 3. She was awarded a medal of honour at the Presidential Office Building.


title: Nancy Pelosi Taiwan visit

text: In a press release issued during the trip, Pelosi declared that the visit "in no way contradicts longstanding United States policy, guided by the Taiwan Relations Act of 1979, U.S.-China Joint Communiques and the Six Assurances. The United States continues to oppose unilateral efforts to change the status quo". White House Coordinator for Strategic Communications at the National Security Council John Kirby reiterated this perspective at a press conference held during the visit saying "The Speaker’s visit is totally consistent with our longstanding One China policy. We’ve been very clear that nothing has changed about our One China policy, which is guided, of course, by the Taiwan Relations Act, the Three Joint U.S.-PRC Communiqués, and the Six Assurances.


title: Nancy Pelosi Taiwan visit

text: The People's Republic of China (PRC) did not like the visit. In a telephone speech between President of the United States Joe Biden and PRC leader Xi Jinping the week before, the PRC government warned about a visit like this. Chinese officials said that this visit would not make the relationship between the United States and China good.


title: Nancy Pelosi Taiwan visit

text: Taiwan's Ministry of National Defense said that twenty-one Chinese Air Force planes flew into its airspace on August 2.


title: Nancy Pelosi Taiwan visit

text: On the night Pelosi landed in Taipei, the PLA Eastern Theater Command increased its naval and air force activity near Taiwan. It had missile test firings in waters east of Taiwan. Also, China announced that they will have more military drills in areas around Taiwan from August 4 to August 7.


title: Nancy Pelosi Taiwan visit

text: The U.S. Ambassador to China Nicholas Burns was asked to meet with the Chinese Foreign Ministry to talk about how China did not approve of the visit.


title: Nancy Pelosi Taiwan visit

text: Several countries reacted to the visit. New Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said "We don’t want to see any unilateral change to the status quo." New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said "Dialogue and diplomacy is what we need in these tense times." A spokesperson for the European Union emphasized the bloc's "clear One China Policy."


title: President of Moldova

text: The president of the Republic of Moldova () is the head of state of Moldova. The current president of Moldova is Maia Sandu since 24 December 2020.


title: Mute swan

text: The mute swan ("Cygnus olor") is a species of swan, and thus a member of the duck, goose and swan family Anatidae. It is native to much of Europe and Asia, and (as a rare winter visitor) the far north of Africa. It is also an introduced species in North America, Australasia and southern Africa.


title: Mute swan

text: Measuring 125 to 170 centimetres (49 to 67 in) in length, this large swan is wholly white in plumage with an orange bill bordered with black. It is recognisable by its pronounced knob atop the bill.


title: Mute swan

text: When swimming, the mute swan holds its neck in a graceful "S" curve with its bill pointing downward. The whooper swans usually carry their bill level with their neck erect. The male frequently arches his secondary wing feathers over his back in an aggressive display posture.


title: Lund

text: Lund is a city in Scania, in the south of Sweden. About 80,000 people live there, which makes it the eleventh biggest city in Sweden. It is close to Malmö. The municipality has about 105,000 people.


title: Lund

text: Lund is known for its university, Lund University (founded in 1666). It is the largest university in Scandinavia. The city is also known for its cathedral, Lund Cathedral ("Lunds domkyrka").


title: Johns Hopkins University

text: The Johns Hopkins University is a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland in the United States. Johns Hopkins opened in 1876 as part of a seven million dollar donation to start a number of institutions under his name. Johns Hopkins does more than 1.5 billion dollars of science research every year. During the pandemic, the university has been doing researching on the outbreak.


title: Mauricio Macri

text: Mauricio Macri (; born 8 February 1959) is an Argentine civil engineer, businessman and politician. He was the President of Argentina from 10 December 2015 to 10 December 2019. He was the Mayor of Buenos Aires serving from 10 December 2007 through 10 December 2015.


title: Mauricio Macri

text: On 22 November 2015, after a tie in the first round of presidential elections on 25 October, Macri won the first ballotage in Argentina's history, beating Front for Victory candidate Daniel Scioli and becoming president-elect. He was inaugurated on 10 December 2015.


title: Mauricio Macri

text: Running for president when the Argentine economy was not performing well, Macri campaigned on a platform of change, and promised to pass free market reforms of the economy. Macri made major economic changes as soon as he entered office, hoping to help create jobs. He also is changing the country's foreign policy. While the president that came before him, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, had criticized the United States' policies, Macri has improved relations. In 2016, Barack Obama visited Argentina. The two talked about improving relations, issues in the hemisphere, and an apology from the United States for its support of the dictatorship in Argentina (as well as in several other Latin American countries) in the 1970s and 80s.


title: Mauricio Macri

text: Macri has been critical of the government of Nicolas Maduro, and feels that the Venezuelan President is undemocratic and oppressive.


title: Mauricio Macri

text: Macri lost his re-election bid in the 2019 election to Alberto Fernández and left office on 10 December 2019.


title: San Antonio Spurs

text: The San Antonio Spurs are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in San Antonio, Texas. They began playing in the NBA in 1976. They play their home game at the AT&T Center. They are currently coached by Gregg Popovich. They made six Finals appearances and won five NBA Championships in 1999, 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2014 respectively.


title: San Antonio Spurs

text: Notable players for the Spurs are Tim Duncan, Tony Parker, Manu Ginóbili, David Robinson, Kawhi Leonard, Robert Horry, Bruce Bowen, Boris Diaw, Patty Millis, Tiago Splitter, and LaMarcus Alridge.


title: Ideal gas

text: The Ideal gas law that relates the volume, pressure, temperature and number of particles in an ideal gas is:


title: East Caribbean dollar

text: The East Caribbean dollar (sign: $; code: XCD) is the currency of eight of the nine members of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (the exception is the British Virgin Islands).


title: East Caribbean dollar

text: It has existed since 1965, when it replaced the British West Indies dollar, and it is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign "$" or, alternatively, "EC$" to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies.


title: East Caribbean dollar

text: The EC$ is subdivided into 100 cents. It has been pegged to the United States dollar since 1976 and the exchange rate is currently at US$1 = EC$2.70.


title: East Caribbean dollar

text: Six of the eight countries which use the EC$ are independent (Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines). The other two are British overseas territories: Anguilla and Montserrat.


title: John Edward Gray

text: John Edward Gray FRS (12 February 1800 – 7 March 1875) studied medicine in London, and became an English zoologist.


title: John Edward Gray

text: Gray was Keeper of Zoology at the British Museum from 1840 until Christmas 1874. That was before the natural history holdings were split off to be the Natural History Museum.


title: John Edward Gray

text: Gray published several catalogues of the museum collections which discussed animal groups and described new species. He improved the collections to make them amongst the best in the world.


title: John Edward Gray

text: Gray was also interested in postage stamps; on 1 May 1840, the day the Penny Black first went on sale, he bought some to keep, thus making him the world's first known stamp collector.


title: Austrian Airlines

text: Austrian Airlines is the largest airline of Austria. Its main hub is the Vienna International Airport. It was founded on May 3, 1923. Austrian bought its first jet aircraft in 1963. Austrian joined the Star Alliance on March 26, 2000. The Government of Austria sold the airline in 2008. Lufthansa bought Austrian Airlines in 2009. In April 2015, Austrian Airlines was combined with Tyrolean Airways.


title: Peninsular War

text: The Peninsular War (1807–1814) was a war between the First French Empire under Napoleon and the Spanish Empire for control of Spain and Portugal.


title: Peninsular War

text: In the beginning, France and Spain were allies. The war began when French and Spanish armies together invaded and occupied Portugal in 1807.


title: Peninsular War

text: It became more serious in 1808, when France and its ally Spain came into disagreement, and became enemies. France attacked and invaded Spain, and Napoleon made his brother Joseph Bonaparte its king. General Sir Arthur Wellesley, later Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, became famous in the war. The war lasted until certain European states joined together in the Sixth Coalition and defeated Napoleon in 1814, invading Southern France as far north as Toulouse.


title: Peninsular War

text: The word "guerilla", which means "little war" in Spanish, was first used in 1808, when guerrilla warfare was used by the Spanish against the larger and better armed regular French Army.


title: Bixente Lizarazu

text: Bixente Lizarazu (born 9 December 1969) is a former French football player. He is one of the most successful football players in the world. He won the FIFA World Cup in 1998 and the European Football Championship in 2000. He has also won the UEFA Champions League (2001) and was champion of the Bundesliga (both with Bayern Munich) five times in a six-year period (1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2005).


title: Spartacus (movie)

text: Spartacus is a 1960 American epic historical drama movie directed by Stanley Kubrick and based on the novel of the same name by Howard Fast. The life story of the historical figure Spartacus and the events of the Third Servile War were adapted by Dalton Trumbo as a screenplay.


title: Bixente Lizarazu

text: Lizarazu was born in Saint-Jean-de Luz, a small village in Basque region of France, in 1969. His first club was Eglantins Hendaje (1977-1989). He then went to Girondins Bordeaux (1989-1996). After playing for Bordeaux, he played for the Spanish club Athletic Bilbao (1996-1997) before he went to Bayern Munich (1997-2005). For a six months, he played for Olympique Marseille (2004). He ended his career in 2005.


title: Spartacus (movie)

text: The movie stars Kirk Douglas as rebellious slave Spartacus and Laurence Olivier as his foe, the Roman general and politician Marcus Licinius Crassus. Co-starring are Peter Ustinov (who won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as slave trader Lentulus Batiatus), John Gavin (as Julius Caesar), Jean Simmons, Charles Laughton, John Ireland, Herbert Lom, Woody Strode, Tony Curtis, John Dall and Charles McGraw. The movie won four Oscars in all.


title: Spartacus (movie)

text: Anthony Mann, the film's original director, was replaced by Douglas with Kubrick after the first week of shooting.


title: Meteora

text: The Metéora (, "suspended rocks", "suspended in the air" or "in the heavens above") is the name for a number of monasteries in Greece. Several Eastern Orthodox monasteries are part of the complex, located in Kalambaka, Greece. The site is almost as important as Mount Athos. The monasteries are built on natural sandstone rock pillars, at the northwestern edge of the Plain of Thessaly near the Peneios river and Pindus Mountains, in central Greece. The Metéora is home to six monasteries and is included on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Metéora's criteria for the UNESCO World Heritage Site are I, II, IV, V and VII.


title: Electrical resistivity

text: Electrical resistivity is a concept in electrical engineering. It is a measure of how much a material stops the flow of electric current through it. Most metals have very low electrical resistivity.


title: Electrical resistivity

text: More precisely, "the resistivity of a material of conductor is the resistance of its unit area of cross section and per unit of its length" The International System of Units uses the ohm metre for measuring how much electrical resistivity there is. Electrical resistivity is the inverse of electrical conductivity. This term is more used for semiconductors and insulators.


title: Electrical resistivity

text: The resistivity of a substance is equal to the resistance of a rod of that substance which is 1 metre long and 1 square metre in cross-section. This can be a 1 cubic Metre cube. So we can also say that the resistivity of a substance is equal to he resistance between the opposite faces of a 1-metre cube of the substance. The resistivity of a substance does not depend on its length or thickness. It depends on the nature of the substance and temperature.


title: Kingdom of Romania

text: The Kingdom of Romania (or 'Romania' after 1969) was a constitutional monarchy which existed between 13 March 1881 and 30 December 1947, specified by the First (in 1866), and respectively, the Second Constitution of Roumania. Thus, the Kingdom of Romania began with the reign of King Carol I of Romania and later replaced by Michael I of Romania . It's Prime minister was Ion Antonescu who was prime minister from 1940-1944 . He was later executed in 1946 2 year's after the defeat of Nazi Germany,Italy,Hungary,Croatia,Romania,Bulgaria and Japan the Countries in the Axis Powers who were defeated in 1945 .


title: Kingdom of Romania

text: From 1859 to 1877, Romania evolved from a personal union of two vassal principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia) to a full-fledged independent kingdom. During 1918-20, at the end of World War I, Transylvania, Eastern Moldavia (Bessarabia), and Bukovina were united with the Kingdom of Romania. In 1940, Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, Northern Transylvania and Southern Dobruja were ceded to the Soviet Union, Hungary and Bulgaria. In 1947 the last king was compelled to abdicate from throne. Socialist republic ruled by the Romanian Communist Party replaced the monarchy after Joseph Stalin occupied Romania in 1945 .


title: Near field communication

text: Near field communication (often shortened to NFC) is the name for a standard that uses radio communication technology to send data over short distances. Usually, the distance covered is in the order of four centimeters. The standard is mostly used for micropayment systems. Another common use is to store tickets, such as those used for trains and buses on a re-usable smartcard. Many universities equip their student ID cards so they can be used to pay small amounts, for example a cup of coffee in a cafeteria.


title: Liberty Island

text: Liberty Island is a small island in the New York Harbor in the United States. It is best known as the location of the Statue of Liberty. In 1937, by proclamation 2250, President Franklin D. Roosevelt expanded the Statue of Liberty National Monument to include all of Bedloe's Island. In 1956, an act of Congress officially renamed Bedloe's Island, 'Liberty Island'.


The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a treaty made by the United Nations. It is to help civil rights get better.


title: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

text: The rights are listed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It is one of the most important treaties in international human rights law. The Covenant was adopted on 16 December 1966 with the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. It was put into force in 1976. The United Nations set up the Committee on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR) to carry out the treaty.


text: This Covenant has two optional protocols. One of them is to allow a citizen whose rights have been violated to claim before the CCPR. The other is to prohibit the death penalty. There are countries which ignore, or do not agree with, the optional protocols.


title: Loon

text: A loon is a bird that lives on water. It is in the order Gaviiformes. This is an order of aquatic birds, the loons or divers and their closest extinct relatives.


title: Loon

text: Loons are the size of a large duck or a small goose. Loons can be hard to find because they are shy around people. The name "loon" is from the Scandinavian word for "clumsy". Loons are the state bird of Minnesota. Loons are found in most parts of North America (there are five North American species) and northern Eurasia. They enjoy cool climates in the summer and migrate to ocean coasts in the winter.


title: Loon

text: Loons can dive up to 200 feet underwater for food. Their bodies are shaped for diving. To dive better, they have solid bones (most birds' bones are hollow) and feet placed far back for swimming under the water. They have black (or grey)-and-white heads, pale breasts, and striped back feathers.


title: Loon

text: Loons can lay up to two eggs. The females are brownish in color which helps them blend into their surroundings. Both the male and female parent take turns sitting on the eggs. After hatching, they fly south when the weather gets cool. The young loons spend three years in the south before returning to the north.


title: Loon

text: They are best known for their loud, trumpeting call. They also make melodic, wailing or laughing sounds. Loons communicate to each other through their sounds. They also communicate with humans and other animals through dance. Loons warn others to stay away from their nests by dancing on the water. Loons are protective parents and will dance to exhaustion and death to protect their eggs. Raccoons, gulls, and skunks have been known to devour loon eggs.


title: Loon

text: Loons eat fish like sunfish, perch, and bullheads. Loons do not chew their food. They have elastic throats that allow the loon to swallow their food whole. When they swallow fish, their throat expands to the size of the fish they eat so they do not choke.


title: Loon

text: Scientists band, or tag loons to try to understand more about them. Their life style is similar to the grebes, but they are a different group of birds.


title: Bruce Dern

text: Bruce MacLeish Dern (born June 4, 1936) is an American actor. He was nominated for two Academy Awards, including Best Supporting Actor for "Coming Home" and Best Actor for "Nebraska".


title: New York Rangers

text: The New York Rangers are an ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL). They play in Madison Square Garden in New York City. The team began in 1926, and has won four Stanley Cup championships.


title: Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

text: The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, (Armenian: Կիլիկիոյ Հայոց Թագաւորութիւն, Kilikiayi haykakan t’agavorut’yun) was an Armenian state formed during the High Middle Ages by Armenian refugees fleeing the Seljuk invasion of Armenia.


title: Hyacinth macaw

text: The hyacinth macaw ("Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus"), or hyacinthine macaw, is a parrot native to central and eastern South America.


title: New York Rangers

text: The Rangers were started by a promoter named Tex Rickard. Newspapers began calling the new team "Tex's Rangers", a play on the famous police force known as the Texas Rangers. The team picked up on the nickname, and have been called "Rangers" ever since.


title: Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

text: The kingdom had its origins in the principality founded c. 1080 by the Rubenid dynasty, an alleged offshoot of the larger Bagratuni dynasty, which at various times had held the throne of Armenia. Their capital was originally at Tarsus, and later became Sis. Cilicia was a strong ally of the European Crusaders, and saw itself as a bastion of Christendom in the East. It also served as a focus for Armenian nationalism and culture, since Armenia proper was under foreign occupation at the time. Cilicia's significance in Armenian history and statehood is also attested by the transfer of the seat of the Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church, spiritual leader of the Armenian people, to the region.


title: Hyacinth macaw

text: It is longer than any other species of parrot, from the top of its head to the tip of its long pointed tail it is about 100 cm (3.3 ft). It is the largest macaw and the largest flying parrot species.


title: New York Rangers

text: The Rangers were successful in their early years, winning the Stanley Cup in 1928, 1933, and 1940. Bill Cook won the Art Ross Trophy as scoring leader in 1927 and 1933, and Bryan Hextall won it in 1942. "Babe" Pratt was a star defenceman around this time.


title: Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

text: In 1198, with the crowning of Leo I, King of Armenia of the Rubenid dynasty, Cilician Armenia became a kingdom.


title: Hyacinth macaw

text: Habitat loss and trapping wild birds for the pet trade has taken a heavy toll on their population in the wild, and as a result the species is classified as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List, and it is protected by its listing on Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).


title: New York Rangers

text: The Rangers did very poorly in the mid-1940s, but improved by 1950, when they lost the Stanley Cup final in overtime of the deciding game seven to the Detroit Red Wings. Buddy O'Connor won the Hart Trophy as most valuable player in 1948, goaltender Chuck Rayner won it in 1950, and Andy Bathgate won it in 1959.


title: Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

text: In 1226, the crown was passed to rival Hethumids through Leo's daughter Isabella's second husband, Hethum I. As the Mongols conquered vast regions of Central Asia and the Middle East, Hethum and succeeding Hethumid rulers sought to create an Armeno-Mongol alliance against common Muslim foes, most notably the Mamluks. In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the Crusader states and the Mongol Ilkhanate disintegrated, leaving the Armenian Kingdom without any regional allies. After relentless attacks by the Mamluks in Egypt in the fourteenth century, the Cilician Armenia of the Lusignan dynasty, mired in an internal religious conflict, finally fell in 1375.


title: Hyacinth macaw

text: They eat nuts from native palms. They have large, powerful beaks that can crack nuts and seeds, while their dry, smooth tongues have a bone inside them that makes them effective for tapping into fruits. The acuri nut is so hard that the parrots cannot feed on it until it has passed through the digestive system of cattle. In addition, they eat fruits and other vegetable matter. Their diet includes fruits, nuts, nectar, and various kinds of seeds. They travel for ripe food over a vast area.


title: New York Rangers

text: The team did not make the finals again until 1972, when they lost to the Boston Bruins. They were led by players such as Jean Ratelle, Brad Park, Ed Giacomin, and Rod Gilbert. The Rangers made the finals again in 1979, losing to the Montreal Canadians.


title: Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

text: Commercial and military interactions with Europeans brought new Western influences to the Cilician Armenian society. Many aspects of Western European life were adopted by the nobility including chivalry, fashions in clothing, and the use of French titles, names, and language. Moreover, the organization of the Cilician society shifted from its traditional system to become closer to Western feudalism. The European Crusaders themselves borrowed know-how, such as elements of Armenian castle-building and church architecture. Cilician Armenia thrived economically, with the port of Ayas serving as a center for East–West trade.


title: Hyacinth macaw

text: This beautiful bird is endangered. In the wild its eggs are eaten by various small mammals, by vultures, and by the toucan. The hyacinth depends on the toucan, which spreads the seeds of the Manduvi tree ("Sterculia apetala") that the macaw needs for reproduction. The tree is just right for the macaw to make its nest, and there are few other places as good. The toucan disperses 83% of the tree's seeds, but also eats 53% of the macaw's eggs.


title: New York Rangers

text: There was another team in New York, the Americans. The Americans felt that the Rangers were favoured by Madison Square Garden, and that their team folded in 1942 because of the Rangers. The Americans' coach and general manager, Red Dutton, claimed the Rangers would never win another Stanley Cup as long as he lived. This became known as Dutton's curse.


title: Hyacinth macaw

text: But by far, humans are the main cause of its problems. The illegal trade in fancy feathers, the pet trade and the destruction of habitat has greatly reduced its numbers.


title: New York Rangers

text: Red Dutton died in 1987, and his curse came true. Finally, the Rangers improved, winning the President's Cup as regular-season champions in 1992 and 1994. Mark Messier won the Hart Trophy in 1992, and Brian Leetch won two Norris Trophies as best defence. They led the Rangers to the Stanley Cup in 1994, after 54 years of not winning.


title: New York Rangers

text: Recently, the Rangers have been a poor team, missing the playoffs many years in a row. However, in 2005-06, the team has improved again, much due to the play of star Jaromír Jágr and rookie (first year) goalie Henrik Lundqvist. They reached the Finals in 2014 and lost to the Kings in 5 games. Lundqvist wuld go on to play his entire 15-year career with the team as he retired prior to the 2020-21 season.


title: Nicholas Winton

text: Sir Nicholas George Winton (born Nicholas George Wertheim; 19 May 1909 – 1 July 2015) was a British humanitarian. He is best known for his role in the rescue of 669 mostly Jewish children from German-occupied Czechoslovakia before World War II. This event became known as the Czech Kindertransport. He was also known as the "British Schindler".


title: Nicholas Winton

text: Winton was born in Hampstead, London, England. His parents were German Jews. The family later became Christians and Winton was baptised. In 1923, he began studying at Stowe School. He married Grete Gjelstrup, a woman of Danish origin, in 1948. They were married until Gjelstrup's death in 1999. They had three children together, Nicholas, Barbara and Robin.


title: Impact Wrestling

text: Impact Wrestling is a professional wrestling company founded in 2002 shortly after World Championship Wrestling closed down. They are the main rivals for World Wrestling Entertainment. They made a video game called TNA iMPACT! and a sequel to it called TNA Impact! 2011 after it's weekly program which was of the same name before it was renamed Impact Wrestling.


title: Impact Wrestling

text: Jeff Jarrett left the company in December 2013 and announced that he was starting his own professional wrestling promotion called Global Force Wrestling. It was later clarified that he still remains an "investor" of TNA.


title: Impact Wrestling

text: On November 19, 2014, it was announced that TNA would be ending their relationship with Spike, and that they would instead partner with Discovery Communications to distribute their shows beginning in January 2015. In the United States, TNA programs, which include Impact Wrestling, will move to Destination America. Discovery will also hold rights in selected international markets. Spike's outreach at the time was estimated to be more than 97 million homes while Destination America was only estimated to reach 59 million households.


title: New York Jets

text: The New York Jets are an American football team. They are a part of the National Football League (NFL). Even though they are called the New York Jets they play in New Jersey. They hail from the same stadium as the New York Giants. They have many fans in New York and New Jersey. The New York Jets started playing in 1960. They have only won one championship.


title: Robert Guérin

text: Robert Guérin (28 June 1876 – 19 March 1952) was a French journalist. He was the 1st President and one of the founders of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). On 23 May 1904, Guérin (then just 28 years old) was elected president and remained in his post for two years.


title: New York Jets

text: The Jets were originally called the New York Titans. They played their games in the Polo Grounds. When they moved to Shea Stadium in 1964, they were called the Jets. That was a more modern-sounding name, and it also rhymed with "New York Mets", the other team that played its games at Shea. The New York Jets have won only one super bowl in 1969 , this victory was guaranteed by their QB, Joe Namath, in the media in the weeks leading up to the game.


title: Princess Sofia, Duchess of Värmland

text: Princess Sofia of Sweden, Duchess of Värmland (born Sofia Kristina Hellqvist on 6 December 1984) is the wife of Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland. She began dating Prince Carl Philip in 2010. She has also been a glamour model and reality television contestant. Hellqvist has appeared on the reality show "Paradise Hotel".


title: Princess Sofia, Duchess of Värmland

text: She married Prince Carl Philip at Slottskyrkan in Stockholm on 13 June 2015. After the marriage she got the title Princess of Sweden, Duchess of Värmland. Their first child Prince Alexander Erik Hubertus Bertil, was born on 19 April 2016. In March 2017, it was announced that the couple's second child is expected in September 2017. Their second son Prince Gabriel Carl Walther was born on 31 August 2017.


title: Good Luck Charlie

text: Good Luck Charlie is an American sitcom. It was created by Phil Baker and Drew Vaupen. They wanted to create a program that would appeal to entire families, not just children. Production began in August 2009. The show premiered on Disney Channel in the United States on April 4, 2010. It premiered in Canada on April 5, 2010. It premiered in the United Kingdom and Ireland on May 14, 2010. It premiered in Colorado america on July 23, 2010. In March 2011, a feature-length Christmas Disney Channel Original Movie based on the series, entitled "Good Luck Charlie, It's Christmas!", began production for a December 2011 premiere. In June 2013, Disney Channel announced that the series would end its run after four seasons. The finale aired on February 16, 2014, with a one-hour episode.


title: Good Luck Charlie

text: The show is about the Duncan family, which is made up of Teddy, PJ, Gabe, Bob, Amy and Charlie Duncan. In each episode, Teddy records a video diary about her everyday life; it also gives advice to Charlie for when she grows up. At the end of the diary Teddy states the show's name ("Good Luck Charlie") after a problem or situation happens or is solved. However, the original idea of "Good Luck Charlie" was "Love Teddy".


title: Good Luck Charlie

text: An Indian adaptation of the show titled "Best of Luck Nikki", premiered on Disney Channel India on April 3, 2011. Sheena Bajaj plays Dolly Singh, a character similar to that of Teddy Duncan, Ananya Kolvankar portrays Nikita "Nikki" Singh, a character similar to that of Charlie and Gurdeep Kohli portrays Himani Singh, a character similar to that of Amy. The series ran successfully for 4 seasons, 104 episodes and 3 special episodes and ended on April 16, 2016.


title: Good Luck Charlie

text: A Pakistani adaptation of the show titled "Peek-A-Boo Shahwaiz" premiered on Play Entertainment from 15 July 2018.


title: Karim Adeyemi

text: Karim-David Adeyemi (born 18 January 2002) is a German professional footballer. He plays as a forward for Austrian Bundesliga club Red Bull Salzburg and the Germany national team.


title: Karim Adeyemi

text: Adeyemi played for TSV Forstenried and at the age of eight he joined local Bundesliga side FC Bayern München in 2010. He joined SpVgg Unterhaching in 2012. After the youth departments he made his debut in March 2018 for the U19 team in the A-Junioren-Bundesliga (Under 19 Bundesliga). He scored his first goal in this league in April 2018 versus Eintracht Frankfurt (U19).


title: Karim Adeyemi

text: 2018 Adeyemi was signed by Austrian club FC Red Bull Salzburg He played then for FC Liefering on loan.His debut for Lieefering was on 1 September 2018 against SC Austria Lustenau. In September he also scored his first goal versus FC Juniors OÖ. In the 2019-20 season he also played in the U19 of FC Salzburg in the UEFA Youth League.


title: Karim Adeyemi

text: In June 2020 he debuted in the Bundesliga versus SK Rapid Wien. Before he had played in the UEFA Euroleague and the Austrian Cup. He scored his first league goal in July 2020 versus Sturm Graz.


title: Karim Adeyemi

text: He is a youth international for Germany, represented the under-16s, under-17s and under-21s. With the U21 he became European Champion. He made his debut for the Germany senior team in a 6–0 win over Armenia on 5 September 2021 and scored his first goal in the same match.


title: Roasting

text: Roasting is a way of cooking. Something gets roasted if it is put over a fire, and some is burnt. The same effect can also be attained with a grill at a barbecue.


title: Roasting

text: In different countries people like to roast different things. People usually roast meats such as pork, beef, chicken, lamb, and duck. The roasted meat, along with its accompanying vegetables, is often called a roast.


title: Roasting

text: Most meat being roasted has to cook for a relatively long time, to ensure that it is cooked through. Variations to this include lamb and beef, which may be left "pink" or partially uncooked towards the centre.


title: Roasting

text: Other things can be roasted too. For example, vegetables, coffee and chocolate. Coffee and chocolate are always roasted.


title: Open wheel car

text: Open-wheel car describes cars with the wheels outside the car's main body and, in most cases, one seat. Other names include formula car, single-seater car in British English, or Indy car in the United States. Open-wheel cars are different from street cars, sports cars, stock cars, and touring cars. These car have their wheels below or inside the body or fenders. Open-wheel cars are usually built just for racing. Often, they have a higher amount of technological sophistication than in other forms of motor racing.


title: Threatened species

text: Threatened species are any species (including animals, plants, and fungi) which might soon become extinct.


title: Open wheel car

text: A typical open-wheeler has a small cockpit. It is only large enough for the driver's body. The head is exposed to the air. In modern cars the engine is often located directly behind the driver, and drives the rear wheels. Depending on the rules of the class, many types of open-wheelers have spoilers or wings. They are very low and have an almost flat bottom. These help add aerodynamic downforce. This pushes the car on to the road and makes it handle better.


title: Threatened species

text: The World Conservation Union (IUCN) are the experts on threatened species. They put threatened species into three groups, each group in more danger than the next:


title: Open wheel car

text: Some races, such as the Monaco Grand Prix are held on temporary street circuits. Most open-wheel races are on dedicated road courses, such as the Nürburgring in Germany. In the United States some top-level open wheel events are held on ovals, both short track and superspeedways. The most famous the annual Indianapolis 500 (Indy 500)


title: Threatened species

text: One way scientists can work out how threatened a species is, is to measure the birth and death rates. If a species becomes small in numbers, it can get to a critical point. This happens when there are not enough individuals left alive to continue the species (critical depensation).


title: Open wheel car

text: Driving an open-wheel car is very different from driving a car with fenders. Open-wheel vehicles, are light weight, have good aerodynamics, and powerful engines. Wheel-to-wheel contact is dangerous. If the forward edge of one tire contacts the rear of another tire, the vehicle my be flipped into the air and upside down.


title: Threatened species

text: Species that are not a threatened species, but are still a concern, can be put into groups of Near Threatened, Least Concern, and Conservation Dependent. Conservation dependent is no longer used a group. When the species has not been studied, Not Evaluated, or there is not enough information, Data Deficient, the IUCN does not put them on the threatened species list.


title: Threatened species

text: Threatened species are also called "red listed" species, because they are in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.


title: Threatened species

text: Under the Endangered Species Act in the United States, "threatened" means any species which is likely to become endangered in the near future, in all, or a large part of its range. The Bay checkerspot butterfly ("Euphydryas editha bayensis") is an example of a threatened species protected by the Endangered Species Act.


title: Takeoff (rapper)

text: Kirshnik Khari Ball (June 18, 1994 - November 1, 2022), known professionally as Takeoff, was an American rapper. He formed the hip hop and trap group Migos in Atlanta, Georgia. It didn't go well and then the group later split.


title: Takeoff (rapper)

text: Takeoff released his solo album "The Last Rocket" in 2018. He also received two Grammy Award nominations.


title: Takeoff (rapper)

text: Ball was shot and killed outside of a bowling alley perpetrated by three unidentified minors in Houston, Texas on 1 November 2022. He was 29.


title: Tom Corbett

text: Thomas W. "Tom" Corbett (born June 17, 1949) is an American politician. He was the 46th Governor of Pennsylvania from 2011 to 2015. He was Attorney General of Pennsylvania before that. His performance had mixed reviews. The popularity of him was very low in the polls. He lost his re-election campaign in 2014 to Tom Wolf.


title: Liliana Segre

text: Liliana Segre (; born 10 September 1930) is an Italian politician. She was a Senator for Life named by President Sergio Mattarella on 19 January 2018.


title: Liliana Segre

text: Segre was born in Milan to a Jewish family. In 1943 she was arrested and deported to Auschwitz. After 1990 she started to speak to the public, especially young people, about her experience.


title: History of pizza

text: The history of pizza begins when different ancient cultures produced flatbread with toppings. Toppings are food added to pizza, like pepperoni, cheese or sausage. Foods similar to pizza have been made since the Neolithic Age. The food that came before pizza was probably focaccia (a flatbread to which toppings were added). The word "pizza" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta, Italy. The word came later in parts of Central and Southern Italy.


title: History of pizza

text: The innovation that led to flatbread pizza was the use of tomato as a topping. For some time after the tomato was brought to Europe from the Americas in the 16th century, it was believed by many Europeans to be poisonous.


title: History of pizza

text: Modern pizza was developed in Naples, Italy, when tomato was added to focaccia in the late 18th century. Pizza, though, was mainly eaten "in" the country of Italy.


title: History of pizza

text: By the late 18th century, it was common for the poor in and around Naples to add the tomato to their yeast-based flatbread. That's when pizza began.


title: History of pizza

text: Pizzas need to be baked at temperatures of 200250 °C. Not many household ovens could reach such temperatures before the late 1800s. Because of this, pizza was made at home, and then given to the town bakery to bake.


title: History of pizza

text: In June 1889, Raffaele Esposito, a chef from Naples, created the "Margherita" in honour of Queen Margherita. It was the first pizza to include cheese. Most pizzas include cheese as a topping.


title: History of pizza

text: Pizza first made its appearance to the United States in the 19th century when Italian immigrants came to the country. It was very popular with Italian people in New York City, Chicago, Philadelphia and St. Louis.


title: Sexbot

text: A sexbot is a robot that could be used for sexual intercourse. Sexbots do not exist yet, but they may exist in the future. It could be useful for people who are disabled or extremely shy. It has been predicted by some sociologists that sexbots will be used by TFLers (True Forced Loners) and people suffering from inceldom. Some analysts say that sexbots exist because young men outnumber young women in the dating scene.


title: Hazbin Hotel

text: Hazbin Hotel is an American adult animated musical series created by Vivienne "VivziePop" Medrano. Its pilot was released to YouTube on October 28, 2019.


title: Hazbin Hotel

text: The series focuses on Charlie Morningstar, the daughter of Lucifer and princess of Hell, with an almost impossible goal: to help the demons of Hell learn how to be better and get into Heaven.


title: Hazbin Hotel

text: The series was picked up by the independent film company A24. There is currently no official release date for the show's first season, although many teaser images have been released, including redesigned versions of the main characters.


title: Hazbin Hotel

text: Charlie Morningstar (voiced by Jill Harris), the princess of Hell, opens a hotel called the "Happy Hotel", where she wants to teach demons of Hell how to be better people, in the hopes of getting them into Heaven. Due to overpopulation, Hell goes through an annual purge once a year, where angels descend from Heaven and kill demons. Charlie finds this upsetting, and wants to find a more peaceful solution to the overpopulation problem.


title: Hazbin Hotel

text: With the help of her manager and girlfriend, Vaggie (voiced by Monica Franco), and their first customer, pornographic film actor Angel Dust (voiced by Michael Kovach, pilot), she's determined to make her dream become a reality. However, her plan attracts the attention of the powerful "Radio Demon", Alastor (voiced by Edward Bosco), who, despite finding her belief in redemption foolish, wants to help Charlie run the hotel for his own amusement. Alastor renames the Happy Hotel the Hazbin Hotel.


title: Geometric topology

text: Geometric topology is a discipline of mathematics. It looks at manifolds and embeddings. Examples are the Knot theory and Braid groups. Since 1945, the field of Topology has developed further:


title: Richard Jewell

text: Richard Allensworth Jewell (born Richard White; December 17, 1962 – August 29, 2007) was an American police officer and security guard. He was born in Danville, Georgia.


title: Richard Jewell

text: He was known for working as a security guard for AT&T during the Centennial Olympic Park bombing at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. He found a backpack filled with three pipe bombs on the park grounds, Jewell called the police and helped to evacuate the area before the bomb exploded, saving many people from injury or death.


title: Richard Jewell

text: After the bombing, Jewell was seen as a hero but later he was viewed as a suspect, before being cleared. Jewell's case is considered an example of the damage that can be done by media reporting based on unreliable or incomplete information.


title: Richard Jewell

text: Despite never being charged, the media continued to criticize Jewell and calling him the suspected bomber. Jewell was eventually found not guilty, and Eric Rudolph was later found to have been the bomber.


title: Richard Jewell

text: In 2006, Governor Sonny Perdue publicly thanked Jewell on behalf of the State of Georgia for saving the lives of those at the Olympics.


title: Collective animal behaviour

text: Collective animal behaviour describes and analyzes the behaviour of groups of animals. In these groups, the animals are often all of the same species. As an example, a school of fish will be made of mostly the same type of fish and a flock of birds will have the same type of bird. A herd is a large group of hoofed, herbivorous mammals.


title: Preakness Stakes

text: The Preakness Stakes is an American flat thoroughbred horse race held on the third Saturday in May each year at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland. It is a Grade I race run over a distance of 9.5 furlongs () on dirt.


title: Collective animal behaviour

text: Animals tend to behave in such a way because this behaviour offers them a benefit. The group of animals also behaves differently from a single animal. Collective animal behaviour is about finding the rules each animal follows; how it communicates with other members of the group and how a decision to do something is reached in the group.


title: Preakness Stakes

text: Colts and geldings carry 126 pounds (57 kg); fillies 121 lb (55 kg). It is the second jewel of the Triple Crown, held two weeks after the Kentucky Derby and three weeks before the Belmont Stakes.


title: Collective animal behaviour

text: Full-time colonial animals fall into this category in principle, but in practice the species of interest here are those who form temporary groups. Colonial animals have been researched for many years, and are usually based on some kind of family relationship. Temporary collective behavior is a well-known phenomenon, but little researched until now.


title: Collective animal behaviour

text: 3. "Easier movement": Groups of animals moving together (such as fish or birds) save energy. Many of the larger birds fly in flocks. Flying in flocks helps in reducing the energy needed. Many large birds fly in a V-formation, which helps individuals save 12–20 % of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red Knots "Calidris canutus" and Dunlins "Calidris alpina" were found in radar studies to fly 5 km per hour faster in flocks than when they were flying alone.


title: Collective animal behaviour

text: 4. "Social interaction": This can be seen with fish, such as herring. If an animal is separated from the group, it will feel stressed.


title: Collective animal behaviour

text: 5. Special factors come into play with migrating birds, or birds which gather in huge flocks, such as starlings. Bird behavior has a larger component of learning than fish. In addition to factors listed above is the possibility that migrating bird flocks are good at teaching first-year birds how to do the migration successfully. The specific routes may be genetically programmed or learned to varying degrees. The routes taken on forward and return migration are often different.


title: Collective animal behaviour

text: The usual term for insects which are not always in a fixed colony, but move in large numbers is swarm. There are many good examples: army ants for instance. The best researched is the locust.


title: Collective animal behaviour

text: Locusts are the swarming phase of short-horned grasshoppers of the family Acrididae. These are species that can breed rapidly under suitable conditions. Then they come together in large groups and become migratory. They form bands as nymphs and swarms as adults—both of which can travel great distances, rapidly stripping fields and greatly damaging crops.


title: Collective animal behaviour

text: There is no taxonomic difference between locust and grasshopper species, and in English the term "locust" is used for grasshopper species that change morphologically and behaviourally on crowding, to form swarms or hopper bands. These changes, or phase polymorphism, were first thought of as separate species.


title: Collective animal behaviour

text: Research at Oxford University showed that swarming is a response to overcrowding. Increased tactile stimulation of the hind legs causes an increase in levels of serotonin. This causes the locust to change colour, eat much more, and breed much more easily. The transformation of the locust to the swarming variety is induced by several contacts per minute over a four-hour period. It is estimated that the largest swarms have covered hundreds of square miles and consisted of many billions of locusts. Plagues of locusts appear in both the Bible and the Koran, including one of the Biblical Plagues of Egypt, where locusts ate all the crops of Egypt.


title: Collective animal behaviour

text: Recent studies have shown that an animal only picks five to seven other animals, and aligns with them. This seems to be independent of the distance. Another approach is when all animals within a certain distance are noted for alignment.


title: Collective animal behaviour

text: Primates are a good example of animals which almost always live in small groups. The groups are based on a family, a group of families, or females 'owned' by a dominant male, together with offspring.


title: Tropical Storm Gabrielle (2007)

text: Storm Gabrielle was a tropical storm that moved over eastern North Carolina before turning out to the sea. It was the seventh named storm of the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season. Gabrielle formed as a subtropical cyclone on September 8 about 385 miles (625 km) southeast of Cape Lookout, North Carolina. Wind shear affected the storm for much of its existence. However, a brief decrease in the amount of shear let Gabrielle become stronger and become a tropical storm. On September 9, Gabrielle reached the coast of North Carolina. Turning to the northeast, the storm quickly weakened and died out on September 11. The storm dropped heavy rainfall near where it reached land, but little rain in other areas. Total damage was minor. No deaths were reported.


title: Phil Simms

text: Phillip Martin Simms (born November 3, 1955 in Lebanon, Kentucky) is a former American football quarterback, and is now a television sportscaster for the CBS network.


title: Zaslawskaye Reservoir

text: Zaslawskaye reservoir is a man-made lake on the northwestern edge of Minsk, Belarus. It is located at N 53° 58' 51.24" E 27° 23' 3.12". It is also sometimes known as the Minsk Sea. It is about 5 km by 3 1/2 km.


title: Tropical Storm Gabrielle (2007)

text: A dying cold front moved off the coast of Georgia on September 2 and left behind clouds and showers that moved slowly east. These began to organize, and by late on September 4, the