title: Pyroclastic flow

text: A pyroclastic flow, pronounced pie-roh-class-tick, (also known as a pyroclastic density current) is a flow of "lava", as commonly associated with volcanic eruptions. The flows are currents of hot gas, or "tephra", during an eruption that sometimes causes rock falls. A cloud forms over the river of hot rock. This boiling column of superheated gas, sand, tephra, obsidian, and pumice can reach soaring temperatures of 1,000ºC and is from 450 to 700 miles per hour.


title: Vint Cerf

text: Vinton Gray "Vint" Cerf (; born June 23, 1943) is an American internet pioneer. He is thought of as one of "the fathers of the Internet", sharing this title with American engineer Bob Kahn.


title: Intron

text: It is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing to get the final RNA product of a gene. The term "intron" refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene, and the corresponding sequence in RNA transcripts.


title: Tonic water

text: Tonic water is a kind of soda that tastes slightly bitter. The quinine in tonic water has a bitter flavor. Originally, it was to protect people against Malaria. The first drug against Malaria was Chloroquine, which became available in 1934. The first time tonic water became available was in the 1860s, over 70 years before the first drug.


title: Yevlakh

text: Yevlakh is a small city in Azerbaijan. It is west of capital Baku. It is in the Yevlakh Rayon but is separate. The name is from an Old Turkic word meaning 'swampy place.' It was the birthplace of Pavel Florensky.


title: Aeacus

text: Aeacus was a mythological king of the island of Aegina in the Saronic Gulf. Aeacus was the son of Zeus and Aegina. When Aeacus died, he became one of the three judges in Hades.


title: Takefusa Kubo

text: Originally from the training organization of the world famous football club FC Barcelona. At that time, he was called “Japanese Messi” and “Left handed Iniesta” because his play style is similar to Lionel Messi and Andrés Iniesta. His number one feature is ball control skill. Due to his great dribbling these nicknames are well-deserved.


title: Maggie Simpson

text: Like most babies, Maggie copies what she sees around her. She once hit Homer on the head with a mallet, shot a suction dart at his picture and attacked him with a pencil in imitation of "Itchy and Scratchy". Maggie is also very accurate with a gun, she shot Mr. Burns in "Who Shot Mr. Burns".


title: Ellis Park Stadium

text: In the first stadium 100 000 visitors saw the Rugbymatch South Africa versus England (1955). The stadium was used for different events. 1995 it was part of the Rugby-Union-Worldchampionship 1995 and 2009 it hosted the CONFED-Cup and 2010 the FIFA World Cup.


title: Republic P-47 Thunderbolt

text: During 1944, the P-51 Mustang was lighter, faster, and could turn better. Because of this, it started replacing the P-47 as a fighter. The P-47 was then used for bombing in late World War II. It was retired from the American Air National Guard in 1955.


title: Intron

text: Sequences of coding DNA which are joined together in the final RNA after RNA splicing are exons. They code for amino acids in the final polypeptide.


title: Tonic water

text: Tonic water is often called Indian tonic. People drank it in Africa and Southeast Asia, where Malaria was common. At the time, quinine was a powder that was mixed with water or soda water. Because quinine on its own is bitter, sweeteners were often added (usually sugar). Often, it was mixed with liquors. Gin and tonic is the most common.


title: Takefusa Kubo

text: He began to play soccer at 3 years old. In August 2009, he saw an advertisement saying that Barcelona Camp would be held in Japan and you could play against Barcelona if you could become an MVP there. In April 2010, he participated in a tournament held in Belgium as a Barcelona school selection and was selected as a tournament MVP. After that, he belonged to the subordinate organization of Kawasaki Frontale. In August 2011, he passed the trial match of FC Barcelona’s subordinate organization Cantera and went to Spain. He played soccer in Spain until 2015, but an accident happened and he returned to Japan. And then he joined FC Tokyo’s subordinate organization. In May 2017, he made his debut at a top team. And he became the first J-League player born in the 21th century.


title: Maggie Simpson

text: During the early episodes, Maggie's well-known feature would be to trip over her clothes and fall on her face causing a loud smack on the floor. Throughout the early episodes, Maggie fell down 39 times.


title: Ellis Park Stadium

text: In 2009, the stadium was improved. More seats were added. Stadium access was made eaiser for disabled fans. A new pitch and media room was added. The sound system (loudspeaker)was improved.


title: Intron

text: Introns are in the genes of most organisms and many viruses. They can be in a wide range of genes, including those that generate proteins, ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). RNA splicing takes place after transcription and before translation.


title: Tonic water

text: Quinine should not be used during pregnancy as it will have an influence on the unborn child. There are also other conditions where quinine (and tonic water) should not be used.


title: Takefusa Kubo

text: In November 2017, it was announced that he had signed a professional contract with FC Tokyo. He made his first team debut in the match on November 26, and became the third youngest player in J.League history. However, he gradually lost the opportunity to participate in the match and transferred to Yokohama F. Marinos for a limited time in order to improve the quality of his performance. He had played there for 5 months. He returned to FC Tokyo in 2019 and played for half of a year. Then in June 2019 he moved to Real Madrid's B team. His technique was highly evaluated and he was promoted to the top team. In the Spanish newspaper Maruka, he was selected as the first place in the evaluation ranking. In August 2019, he transferred to Mallorca for a limited time. In August 2020, it was announced that he transferred to Villarreal for a limited time. And recently it was announced that he would leave Villarreal.


title: Maggie Simpson

text: Maggie was named after Matt Groening's sister Maggie Groening. She often sucked on a pacifier and wore a sleep suit like Maggie. Groening thought that it would be funny to have a baby character that did not talk and never grew up, but showed any emotions that the scene needed.


title: Ellis Park Stadium

text: The stadium co-hosted the 2010 FIFA World Cup. It is one of the 10 stadiums where World Cup matches were played.


title: Intron

text: The discovery of introns led to the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1993 for Phillip Sharp and Richard Roberts. The term "intron" was introduced by American biochemist Walter Gilbert.


title: Takefusa Kubo

text: In May 2017, at the age of 15, Kubo was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 2017 U-20 World Cup. In October 2017, he also played for the Japan U-17 national team for 2017 U-17 World Cup. On June 9, 2019, he debuted for the Japan national team against El Salvador. He also participated 2019 Copa América.


title: Maggie Simpson

text: With few exceptions, Maggie never speaks but is aware of what is going around her. Maggie has spoken in "Good Night", the first cartoon to air on "The Tracey Ullman Show". When the rest of the family falls asleep, she speaks and her voice is played by Liz Georges.


title: Ellis Park Stadium

text: The stadium is used by the soccerteams Gauteng Lions and Orlando Pirats. The stadium is also the homeground of two rugbyteams (Lions and Golden Lions).


title: Intron

text: There are many unanswered questions about introns. It is unclear whether introns serve some specific function, or whether they are selfish DNA which reproduces itself as a parasite.


title: Maggie Simpson

text: Maggie's first word spoken in the normal television show of the series happened in "Lisa's First Word", when she was voiced by Elizabeth Taylor and says, "Daddy" in an empty room. Elizabeth Taylor as Maggie was later named the 13th greatest guest spot in the history of the show. James Earl Jones, who voiced Maggie in "Treehouse of Horror V" was in seventh place. She would later have small sentences in "Treehouse of Horror IX", voiced by Harry Shearer, who used his Kang voice. Her squeaks and occasional speaking parts are regularly done by Nancy Cartwright or Yeardley Smith. Jodie Foster voiced the Howard Roark-inspired Maggie in the Season 20 episode "Four Great Women and a Manicure".


title: Intron

text: Recent studies of entire eukaryotic genomes have now shown that the lengths and density (introns/gene) of introns varies considerably between related species. There are four or five different kinds of intron. Some introns represent mobile genetic elements (transposons).


title: Intron

text: Alternative splicing of introns within a gene allows a variety of protein isoforms from a single gene. Thus multiple related proteins can be generated from a single gene and a single precursor mRNA transcript. The control of alternative RNA splicing is performed by complex network of signalling molecules. In humans, ~95% of genes with more than one exon are alternatively spliced.


title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

text: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a bacterium that causes tuberculosis. "M. tuberculosis" was first described on 24 March 1882 by Robert Koch. The bacterium was first called the "tubercle bacillus", and is now also known as Koch's bacillus. This disease is spread by the air and from getting coughed or sneezed on by an infected patient.


title: Serres

text: Serres is a Greek city. It is also one of 51 prefectures of Greece. There are 56,400 people in Serres. Serres is built on the large plain. It is in the north of Greece, in the region of Macedonia. It is near the Strymonas river.


title: Tony Iommi

text: Frank Anthony "Tony" Iommi (born 19 February 1948, in Birmingham, England) is a British guitarist and songwriter. He is most famous for starting the heavy metal band Black Sabbath. He is the only person who has stayed a member of the band since it began in 1968. He lost two finger tips in a work accident, and made two fake finger tips from a plastic bottle. This helped give Black Sabbath their heavy sound.


title: Somatosensory system

text: The 'somatosensory system' is a sensory system that detects experiences labelled as touch or pressure, temperature (warm or cold), pain (including itch and tickle) and those that belong to proprioception. These are the sensations of muscle movement and joint position including posture, movement, visceral (internal) senses and facial expression. Visceral senses have to do with sensory information from within the body, such as stomach aches.


title: Emission spectrum

text: The emission spectrum of an element or compound is how bright certain frequencies are when energy is added to the atoms or molecules.


title: Headquarters of the United Nations

text: The headquarters of the United Nations is a group of buildings in New York City. The complex has served as the official headquarters of the United Nations since its completion in 1952. It is located in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan, on spacious grounds overlooking the East River.


title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

text: Tuberculosis used to kill over half the people who were infected. The bacterium was almost wiped out by antibiotics, but is now a threat again because strains have appeared which are resistant to all the usual antibiotics.


title: Tony Iommi

text: In 2003, Iommi was listed at number 86 in Rolling Stone Magazine's ""100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time"" issue.


title: Somatosensory system

text: Touch may be considered one of five human senses; however, when a person touches something or somebody this gives rise to various feelings: the perception of pressure (shape, softness, texture, vibration, etc.), relative temperature and sometimes pain. Thus the term "touch" is actually the combined term for several senses. In medicine, the colloquial term "touch" is usually replaced with somatic senses, to better reflect the variety of mechanisms involved.


title: Emission spectrum

text: Each atom's emission spectrum has different spectral lines and can be used to figure out if that atom is part of a compound


title: Headquarters of the United Nations

text: Its borders are First Avenue on the west, East 42nd Street to the south, East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east. Turtle Bay is occasionally used as a metonym for the U.N. headquarters or for the U.N. as a whole. The building was designed by many architects across the world including Brazillian Oscar Niemeyer.


title: Tony Iommi

text: Along with Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin, Iommi is oft considered one of the greatest riff writers of all time. Iommi used several riffs in Black Sabbath's songs.


title: Alexander Skarsgård

text: Alexander Skarsgård is a Swedish actor. He was born in 1976. He is the son of Swedish actor Stellan Skarsgård.


title: FAQ

text: FAQ is an abbreviation for "Frequently Asked Question(s)". The term is used for a list questions and answers. All of the questions are supposed to be asked often and they all are about the same thing. Since the acronym was first used in written form, there are different ways it is said; both "fak" and "F.A.Q." are commonly used.


title: Royal Spanish Football Federation

text: The Royal Spanish Football Federation () is the association that governs football in Spain. It is in charge of the men's and women's national teams. The association was started on October 14, 1909 in Madrid. Its headquarters are now based in Las Rozas de Madrid.


title: Neo-impressionism

text: Neo-impressionism is a term coined by a French art critic in 1886 to describe an art movement founded by Georges Seurat. Seurat’s greatest masterpiece, "A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte", marked the beginning of this movement when it appeared at an exhibition of the "Société des Artistes Indépendants" in Paris.


title: Robin Tunney

text: Robin Tunney (born June 19, 1972) is an American actress. She is known for her movie roles in "Empire Records" (1995) and "The Craft" (1996). She also played Veronica Donovan on "Prison Break" (2005–2006) and Teresa Lisbon on the television series "The Mentalist" (2008–2015).


title: Neo-impressionism

text: Around this time, many painters were in search of new methods. Followers of neo-impressionism were drawn to modern urban scenes as well as landscapes and seashores. Science-based interpretation of lines and colours influenced neo-impressionists’ characterization of their own contemporary art.


title: Neo-impressionism

text: Pointillism is often mentioned, because it was the dominant technique in the beginning of the movement.


title: Neo-impressionism

text: The art critic Félix Fénéon first used the term neo-impressionism in an article he wrote for the Belgian journal "L’art Moderne" in 1886. With the term he wanted to show that the way Seurat painted was different from the ways painting was done in Impressionism. In total, the movement lasted about five years.


title: Conjecture

text: A conjecture is an idea in mathematics that appears "likely" to be true but that has not been "proven" to be true.


title: The Ugly Duckling

text: "The Ugly Duckling" () is a literary fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen. Andersen lavished great care on this story, spending a year perfecting it. It was first published in 1844 with "The Angel", "The Sweethearts", and "The Nightingale" in "New Fairy Tales". The critics liked these stories. Andersen considered the story "a reflection of my own life." The moral of the tale: "it does not matter if you were born in a duck yard if you have lain in a swan's egg." The tale has been adapted to various media such as animated movies.


title: Cliché

text: A cliché, in English is a phrase which is used too much. Originally, the word meant (in French) a stereotype plate, which is a term in printing.


title: Linear A

text: Linear A is an ancient script used on Crete. No one has been able to translate this script yet. It was one of the writing systems used in Minoan Crete. Another script, about a century older, is called Cretan hieroglyphs. For some time, both methods of writing were used. Probably, each system was used for a special purpose.


title: Lauryn Hill

text: Lauryn Noelle Hill (born May 26, 1975) is an American singer-songwriter, rapper, record producer, and actress. She began her career while still in highschool as a member of the Fugees. She rose to greater fame when she released her first solo album, "The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill". The album received critical acclaim, won many awards, including five Grammy Awards, and was commercially successful. After the release of her debut album, she took a four-year break. In 2002, Hill released "MTV Unplugged No. 2.0", an album with more personal content that was recorded live, mostly solo with an acoustic guitar. In recent years, she recorded songs for soundtracks and has performed on several music festivals. Hill has six children.


title: Roberto Martínez

text: Roberto Martínez Montoliú (born 13 July 1973) is a Spanish football manager and former footballer. He was most recently the manager of the Belgium national team.


title: First Kashmir War

text: The India-Pakistan War of 1947-48 is also known as the First Kashmir War. It was fought between the Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan over the former Princely state of Kashmir and Jammu from 1947 to 1948.


title: Corbel

text: In architecture a corbel or console is a structural piece of stone, wood or metal sticking out from a wall to carry a superincumbent weight. It is a type of bracket. A corbel is a solid piece of material in the wall. A console, by comparison, is a piece applied to the structure. A piece of structural wood projecting in the same way was called a "tassel" or a "bragger" in the UK. The technique of corbelling, where rows of corbels support a projecting wall or parapet, has been used since Neolithic, or New Stone Age, times.


title: Conjecture

text: Until recently, one of the most famous conjectures was Fermat's Last Theorem. The name was incorrect, because although Fermat said he had a proof for it, none could be found in his notes. In 1992, British mathematician Andrew Wiles found a proof for it, making it a theorem and not a conjecture.


title: The Ugly Duckling

text: A mother duck hatches six pretty little ducklings. A seventh bird is hatched. He is homely. The other ducks abuse him. He runs away. He is given a home by an old woman. Her cat and hen do not like him. He runs away again. Winter comes and a kind farmer gives him a home. The little bird almost dies. Spring comes. The "ugly duckling" has grown into a beautiful swan. The other swans welcome him as their own. They bow to him. He is happy for the first time in his life.


title: Cliché

text: A cliché is a stock expression used again and again. It has "lost its freshness and vigour through overuse, and suggests insincerity, lack of thought or laziness on the part of the writer".


title: Linear A

text: Linear A was used from about the 17th century BC until the 15th century BC. Linear B is a script based on Linear A. It has been translated. Archaeologist Arthur Evans found both Linear A and B.


title: First Kashmir War

text: This was the first of four wars fought between the two newly independent nations. The war initially begun as a rebellion by the mainly Muslim Pahari rebels in western Kashmir against the mainly Hindu Dogra rulers of the Jammu and Kashmir state and it turned into a full fledged war between India and Pakistan. The result of the war still affects the geopolitics of both the countries. The result of the war was inconclusive. However, neutral assessments seem to agree that India was the victor of the war because it was able to successfully defend about two-thirds of the Kashmir, including Kashmir valley, Jammu and Ladakh.


title: Corbel

text: The word "corbel" comes from Old French and derives from the Latin "corbellus", a diminutive of "corvus" (a raven) which refers to the beak-like appearance. Similarly, the French refer to a bracket-corbel, usually a load-bearing internal feature, as a "corbeau" (a crow).


title: Conjecture

text: Not every conjecture can be proven true or false. The continuum hypothesis, which describes the size of certain infinite sets, is an example. It was shown to be independent of the generally accepted axioms of set theory, which means that it cannot be proven true or false using those axioms. It is therefore possible to take this statement, or its negation, as a new axiom in a consistent manner (much as we can take Euclid's parallel postulate as either true or false).


title: Linear A

text: Linear A has about fifty signs that are similar to those in Linear B. About 80% of the signs in Linear A are unique. Using the knowledge from Linear B to read Linear A produces text which cannot be read. The language used has been called "Eteocretan". It does not seem to be related to any known language. Today, about 70 characters (probably representing syllables) are known. The meaning of about 100 ideographic characters is known. These are combined with the syllables. Also, there are a few numerals whose value is known.


title: Conjecture

text: In this case, if a proof uses this statement, researchers will often look for a new proof that "does not" require the hypothesis The one major exception to this in practice is the axiom of choice -- unless studying this axiom in particular, the majority of researchers do not usually worry whether a result requires the axiom of choice.


title: Linear A

text: Most texts seem to be lists. A few are probably short dedications, as they are found on libations. So far, no long texts have been found. Straight lines, such as those used for Linear A, are not very practical to use on clay tables. For this reasons, most writing was probably done on other things, such as papyrus or parchment. The problem with these materials is that they do not last as long as clay does. For this reason, most writing on papyrus and parchment has probably been lost.


title: Arthur de Gobineau

text: Joseph Arthur Comte de Gobineau (July 14, 1816 — October 13, 1882) was a French aristocrat. He was well educated, and wrote many things. He became famous for developing the racialist theory of the Aryan Master race in his book "An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races" (1853-1855).


title: Glastonbury

text: Glastonbury is a town in Somerset, England. It is well known for the Glastonbury Festival which happens every year in Glastonbury.


title: Il trovatore

text: Il trovatore ("The Troubadour") is an Italian opera in four acts. The music was written by Giuseppe Verdi. The story and words were written by Salvatore Cammarano. It is based on a play by Antonio Garcia Gutiérrez called "El trovador". The opera was first performed in Rome on January 19, 1853. It was an instant hit.


title: Acura

text: Acura is the luxury brand of the car company Honda. It has been established in the United States, Canada and Hong Kong since March 1986. The brand has been used to market Honda's luxury cars and high performance models. Before Acura, most Japanese cars were economical in design.


title: Troye Sivan

text: Troye Sivan Mellet ( ; born 5 June 1995), better known as Troye Sivan, is a South African-born Australian actor, YouTuber and singer-songwriter. As an actor, he played young James Howlett in the 2009 X-Men film "X-Men Origins: Wolverine". Most recently he starred as the title character in the "Spud" movie trilogy. Sivan also regularly makes YouTube videos. As of 14 December 2016, has over 4 million subscribers and over 248,00,0005 views. He is of Jewish descent.


title: Fistula

text: The word fistula comes from a Latin word that means tube or pipe. In medicine, a fistula is an abnormal connection between two hollow spaces. This can be blood vessels, intestines, or other hollow organs. Fistulas are usually caused by injury or surgery. But they can also result from an infection or inflammation. Fistulas are generally a disease condition, but doctors may create fistulas by surgery for medical reasons.


title: The Butterfly Effect

text: The Butterfly Effect is a 2004 American psychological thriller movie. It was produced by Anthony Rhulen, Chris Bender, J.C. Spink and A.J. Dix and was directed by Eric Bress and J. Mackye Gruber. "The Butterfly Effect" was released on January 22, 2004 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with a 32% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 30 out of 100 from Metacritic.


title: Smegma

text: Smegma is a substance that forms in the sex organs of mammals. It is made of epithelial cells, skin cells, and moisture. It is found around the foreskin of the penis in males, or in the folds of skin around the vulva in females. In males, the smegma acts like a lubricant which makes sexual intercourse easier. It can be white through to yellow in colour. Smegma does not cause any harm, and normal washing will keep it under control; in fact too much washing may cause other problems.


title: Brazil (1985 movie)

text: Brazil is a 1985 science fiction movie directed by Terry Gilliam and written by Gilliam, Charles McKeown, and Tom Stoppard. The movie stars Jonathan Pryce and features Robert De Niro, Kim Greist, Michael Palin, Katherine Helmond, Bob Hoskins, and Ian Holm.


title: Glastonbury

text: Glastonbury is also well known because of Glastonbury Abbey. This is because Glastonbury Abbey is said to be the place where King Arthur is buried, and it was burned down when King Henry the Eighth got angry at all Catholic monasteries in the country as the Pope would not grant him a divorce. The abbot, Abbot Whiting, was killed on the Tor, a local landmark.


title: Troye Sivan

text: On 7 August 2013, Sivan posted a video titled 'Coming Out'. This video announced that he was gay and this video changed lives of young LGBTQ+ people all over the world.


title: Fistula

text: Treatment for fistula depends on the reason for the fistula and on how serious it is. Doctors often treat fistula with surgery and antibiotics. The first step in treating a fistula is usually an examination by a doctor. The doctor determines the size and "path" that the fistula takes in the body.


title: Brazil (1985 movie)

text: It is about a man (Jonathan Pryce) in an imagined society where there is a lot of suffering and injustice.


title: Troye Sivan

text: On 15 August 2014, Sivan released his first major label EP, "TRXYE". It peaked at number five on the "Billboard 200". The lead single from the EP, "Happy Little Pill", reached number 10 in the Australian charts.


title: Troye Sivan

text: His video, "The 'Boyfriend' Tag", with fellow vlogger Tyler Oakley earned the two a 2014 Teen Choice Award in the "Choice Web Collaboration" category. In October 2014, "Time" named Sivan as one of the "25 Most Influential Teens of 2014".


title: Troye Sivan

text: On the 10th of January 2018 he released the Single 'My My My!' it was the lead single from his second studio album 'Bloom', released on the 31st of August 2018


title: The Yardbirds

text: The Yardbirds are a English blues band. They formed in the 1960s. They are famous for having the guitarists, Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, and Jimmy Page. Eric Clapton left the band after they turned from a blues band to a pop band, in keeping with the moving trend of music in the 1960s. He suggested Jimmy Page, who had been a studio musician at the time (performing on records for many stars but not being a member of a specific band). Unwilling to give up his career as a studio musician, Page suggested Jeff Beck. Shortly thereafter, Page joined the band, playing bass and lead guitar.


title: Canadian Shield

text: It is a large area of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks (geological shield). It is the ancient geological core of the North American continent (the North American Craton or Laurentia).


title: Chocolat

text: Chocolat is a British-American romance and drama movie. It was released December 15, 2000. It is about events in a fictional dull French village during the autumn-winter of 1959. A woman opens a chocolate shop. One customer, Armande, is diabetic. She, however, continues eating chocolate. Armande later dies from her illness. Juliette Binoche plays Vianne, Carrie-Anne Moss plays Caroline Clairmont and Judi Dench plays Armande (the diabetic woman).


title: Nordaustlandet

text: Nordaustlandet (translates to Northeast land) ist the second biggest island of Svalbard. It lies to the northeast of Spitsbergen, which is the biggest island of the group, and the only islands with permanent settlements. Northeast land is about by . It is uninhabited, and there are no settlements on it. During World War II, Germans operated a weather station.


title: Jean Arthur

text: Jean Arthur (October 17, 1900 – June 19, 1991) was an American actress. She was known for her roles in "Mr. Deeds Goes to Town" (1936), "You Can't Take It With You" (1938), and "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington" (1939). She was nominated for an Academy Award in 1944 for her role in "The More the Merrier".


title: Miles Teller

text: Miles Alexander Teller (born February 20, 1987) is an American actor. His movies include "The Spectacular Now", "Whiplash", "Divergent", "Bleed for This" and "Thank You for Your Service".


title: 225088 Gonggong

text: 225088 Gonggong (symbol ) is a dwarf planet of the Solar System. It is a member of the scattered disc. It has a highly eccentric orbit. It is from 34–101 astronomical units (5.1–15.1 billion kilometers; 3.2–9.4 billion miles) from the Sun. It is the sixth-farthest known Solar System object. Gonggong was discovered in July 2007 by American astronomers Megan Schwamb, Michael Brown, and David Rabinowitz at the Palomar Observatory, and the discovery was announced in January 2009.


title: Helen McCrory

text: McCrory played Cherie Blair in both "The Queen" (2006) and "The Special Relationship" (2010). She starred as Clair Dowar in the James Bond movie "Skyfall" (2012).


title: The Yardbirds

text: Towards the end of the '60s, the Yardbirds broke up while in the middle of a tour. Page wanted to keep the band going, and eventually put together a band called "The New Yardbirds" consisting of vocalist Robert Plant, bassist John Paul Jones, and drummer John "Bonzo" Bonham. This group would soon gain a new name, allegedly taken from a quote by Who drummer Keith Moon. Moon had said previously said that their band would go over "like a lead zeppelin," and the name "Led Zeppelin" stuck.


title: Canadian Shield

text: A continuation of the shield is in west Greenland, to which it was once connected. In the United States the shield is mostly covered with much younger rocks and sediment.


title: Chocolat

text: The reviews from critics were very positive. It was nominated for several Academy Awards. It did not win any.


title: Jean Arthur

text: Arthur was born on October 17, 1900 in Plattsburgh, New York. She is of Norwegian-English descent. Arthur was raised in Westbrook, Maine.


title: 225088 Gonggong

text: The surface of Gonggong has an albedo of 0.14. Gonggong is among the reddest trans-Neptunian objects known. Its red color is suprising because it has a lot of water ice on its surface, which are usually neutral in color. Scientists think that there might be methane on its surface which will explain its red color.


title: Canadian Shield

text: The Canadian Shield round Hudson Bay is covered with shallow soil. Its main industrial use is for mining.


title: Jean Arthur

text: She was married to Julian Anker from 1928 until they annulled their marriage in 1928. Then she was married to Frank Ross, Jr. from 1932 until they divorced in 1949. Arthur died on June 19, 1991 in Carmel, California from heart failure, aged 90.


title: 225088 Gonggong

text: Gonggong is estimated to have a diameter of 1,230 km (760 mi). This would make Gonggong the fifth-largest trans-Neptunian object, after Pluto, Eris, Haumea and Makemake. Gonggong is approximately the size of Pluto's moon Charon.


title: 225088 Gonggong

text: The mass of Gonggong has been calculated to be 1.75×10 kg (3.86×10 lb). It has a density of 1.72±0.16 g/cm.


title: 225088 Gonggong

text: Gonggong orbits the Sun at an average distance of 67.5 AU (1.010×10 km; 6.27×10 mi). It completes a full orbit in 554 years. It has an orbital inclination 30.7 degrees. Its eccentricity is 0.50.


title: 225088 Gonggong

text: Gonggong is moving away at a speed of 1.1 kilometers per second (2,500 miles per hour). It is the sixth-farthest known Solar System object from the Sun.


title: 225088 Gonggong

text: It was calculated by planetary scientist Amanda Zangari that a flyby mission to Gonggong would take a minimum of over 20 years with the rocket we have today. A flyby mission would be launched on 2030 or 2031.


title: 225088 Gonggong

text: Gonggong is known to have a moon, called Xiangliu. The discovery team thought that the slow rotation of Gonggong was caused by a moon


title: Independent movie

text: An independent movie, or independent film (often called indie film), is the name usually given to a movie that is made by a small movie studio for not much money. Sometimes the name is used for art films; which are less expensive and often have less plot. Independent movies are being made (produced) more as the technology needed, such as cameras and editing-software, is becoming less expensive. Movies like "Reservoir Dogs", "American History X", "The Basketball Diaries" and the documentary "Bowling for Columbine" are independent because they were made for little money and by small studios.


title: Birefringence

text: Birefringence (or double refraction) happens when light is passed through a special material and it splits into two different rays of light. Calcite crystals and boron nitride are two good examples of materials that cause birefringence. Just as a prism splits light into a large number of colors, birefringence splits light into two images of the same color. You see this as a "double image".


title: French Sudan

text: It existed at two separate times. The first time was from 1890 to 1899, and the second was from 1920 to 1960. In 1960 it became the independent nation of Mali.


title: Mario Lemieux

text: Mario Lemieux, OC, (born October 5, 1965 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He is considered to be one of the best players of all time. He played 17 seasons as a forward with the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League from 1984-2006. He currently co-owns both the Pittsburgh Penguins and their farm team, the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1997. He was also inducted into the Canada's Walk of Fame in 2004.


title: CouchSurfing

text: CouchSurfing International Inc. is a company based in San Francisco that provides hospitality social networking. Travellers using the service stay at a host's house, where they sleep on a couch (sofa) or a mattress on the floor. The service is intended to be free of charge; the host does not ask for money from the guest. CouchSurfing is intended to be a cultural exchange program, where the host shows the visitor around their town or local place, and the guest delivers his or her own country's culture.


title: Amaro Pargo

text: Amaro Rodríguez Felipe y Tejera Machado (3 May 1678, in San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife - 4 October 1747, in San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife), more popularly known as Amaro Pargo, was a famous Spanish corsair.


title: Miguel de la Madrid

text: Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado (; August 12, 1934 – April 1, 2012) was a Mexican politician. He was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He served as the 52nd President of Mexico from 1982 to 1988.


title: Samsung Galaxy S7

text: The phone was officially revealed on 21 February 2016, during a Samsung press conference at Mobile World Congress, with a European and North American release on 11 March 2016.


title: Operand

text: In mathematics, an operand is a number or variable being worked on in an equation or inequality. In formula_1, the operands are formula_2 and formula_3, and the operator is formula_4.


title: Sachsenhausen concentration camp

text: Sachsenhausen concentration camp (officially called Konzentrationslager Sachsenhausen, or KZ Sachsenhausen) was a Nazi concentration camp that existed from 1936 to 1945. It was located near Oranienburg, just north of Berlin. Even though it was located in Oranienburg, it is different from Oranienburg concentration camp.


title: Rivet

text: A rivet is a type of bolt which fastens plates of metal together. Riveting was a main method of building metal ships, bridges and many other complex metal objects. It was developed in the early industrial revolution from earlier ideas. It is no longer the main method of metal fastening, but examples can be seen all over the world.


title: Almond milk

text: Almond milk is a type of plant milk. It is made by blending almonds with water and optional flavors. Sometimes, it is fortified with some micronutrients to make up for the lack of it. It has a creamy texture and a nutty flavor.


title: Melanie Martinez

text: Melanie Adele Martinez (born April 28, 1995) is an American singer-songwriter, actress, director, screenwriter and visual artist. She became famous in 2012 after appearing on "The Voice", a musical television show. After the show, she released her first song "Dollhouse". It was followed by her first extended play of the same name.


title: Mars 2020

text: Mars 2020 is a Mars rover mission by NASA's Mars Exploration Program that includes the "Perseverance" rover and the "Ingenuity" helicopter drone.


title: French Sudan

text: The name changed to the "French Sudan Territory" on August 18, 1890, and its capital was Kayes. On October 10, 1899, French Sudan was broken into pieces: 11 southern provinces became part of French Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire and Dahomey. However, two provinces were returned in 1900.


title: CouchSurfing

text: People using the service must register an account on the CouchSurfing website. They make a full public profile, which shows other users who they are, their interests, what languages they speak, and other information. If they want to host other travellers, users also state the location of their house, and describe their living arrangements, the type of couch they have, and what they can provide for the guests.


title: Amaro Pargo

text: He was noted for his commercial activities and for his frequent religious donations and aid to the poor. In his role as a privateer, he dominated the route between Cadiz and the Caribbean, on several occasions attacking ships belonging to enemies of the Spanish Crown (mainly England and Holland), earning recognition in his time as a hero and coming to be regarded as "the Spanish equivalent of Francis Drake". Because of his service to the Spanish Crown and country, he was declared a Caballero hijodalgo in 1725 and obtained certification of nobility and royal arms in 1727.


title: Samsung Galaxy S7

text: The device has an improved camera and is protected against ingress of water. The amount of internal storage can be increased using memory cards known as "MicroSD cards". This was also the case on the Samsung Galaxy S5, but not on the Samsung Galaxy S6.


title: Sachsenhausen concentration camp

text: Between 1936 and 1945, over 200.000 people were detained at KZ Sachsenhausen. Medical experiments were carried out in KZ Sachsenhausen to test the effectiveness of drugs. People from Sachsenhausen were also forced to help produce goods used for war (such as weapons, or ammunition).


title: Rivet

text: The key idea is that the slug of metal is red-hot when hammered into place. This results in the slug of metal having a dumbell shape which holds the two metal sheets together. An automatic jackhammer is used to force the metal into position, so giving a bulb on the inside face away from the pounding. The process (for example, of ship building) was very noisy. As the metal cooled, the two end of the rivet were pulled together, making a tight joint.


title: Almond milk

text: It is known to be one of the biggest dairy milk alternatives with a global market value of about 5 billion USD.


title: Melanie Martinez

text: Martinez' first studio album, "Cry Baby", was released in August 2015. It went star platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. Her songs "Dollhouse" and "Pity Party" were certified platinum by the RIAA.


title: Mars 2020

text: It was launched on 30 July 2020 at 11:50 UTC, and landed in the Jezero crater on Mars on 18 February 2021.


title: French Sudan

text: In 1902 the parts of the colony which were not organised into military districts became Senegambia and Niger, then the name changed to Upper Senegal and Niger in 1904. Finally, the old name of French Sudan returned in a reorganisation in 1920.


title: CouchSurfing

text: Travellers can look for hosts by location, and hosts can find travellers whom have stated their plans to travel to their area. Hosts also list references (recommendations from previous guests), which helps travellers in deciding whether or not a host is reliable. When a traveller applies to stay at a host's place, the host then reviews the traveller's profile and either accepts or rejects the application. If the host says yes, the two users exchange phone numbers and contact each other prior to the meeting.


title: Amaro Pargo

text: He felt a considerable devotion for Sister Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado, even financing his funeral and his grave. He made several donations with the aim of improving the lives of the poorest of Tenerife, especially for the improvement of the living conditions of the inmates of the prison of San Cristóbal de La Laguna.


title: Rivet

text: To be a riveter was skilled work. The men worked in teams of four: two to heat the rivet and pass it to the two fasteners. It was therefore an expensive process even when it was shortened by mechanising the heating process as in the example shown.


title: Mars 2020

text: It will investigate to see if living organisms have lived or is living on Mars and if people can live there.


title: French Sudan

text: In 1933, Upper Volta stopped existing (It began again in 1947.) and French Sudan gained some of its provinces.


title: Amaro Pargo

text: His figure has been wrapped in a halo of romanticism that has related to piracy, hidden treasures and illicit romances. Different authors have taken advantage of this mysticism that surrounds his figure to elaborate his novels. In addition, the video game company Ubisoft sent a study on Amaro Pargo, emphasizing its physiognomy, facing its possible appearance in the video game .


title: Rivet

text: Rivets could be tested simply by tapping. A rivet tightly set in its hole gives a clear ring, while a loose rivet produces a different sound.


title: French Sudan

text: After the October 4, 1958 French vote about the constitution, the "République Soudanaise" joined the French Community, again with the name French Sudan, and it gained complete domestic control on 25 November, 1958.


title: Rivet

text: Riveting developed in many ways, and there are many different kinds of rivets. Today riveting has been largely replaced by welding, or by high-strength bolts. However, riveting is still used where light weight and high strength are critical, such as in aircraft.


title: French Sudan

text: On April 4, 1959, French Sudan was joined with Senegal to form the Mali Federation. This became fully independent but still inside the French Community on June 20, 1960. This union finished on August 20, 1960, when Senegal left. On 22 September, French Sudan changed its name to the Republic of Mali and left the French Community.


title: Cocoa Beach, Florida

text: Cocoa Beach is a city in Brevard County, Florida, United States. The population was 12,482 at the 2000 census. According to the U.S Census estimates of 2005, the city had a population of 12,435. .


title: Flying ace

text: A flying ace or fighter ace is a military pilot who has shot down five or more enemy aircraft in air combat. Use of the term ""ace"" in military aviation began in World War I (1914–18). French newspapers called Adolphe Pegoud, as "l'as" (French for "ace") after he became the first pilot to shoot down five German aircraft. Many other pilots later became aces, and some are very famous today, like the "Red Baron", Manfred von Richthofen who had 80 kills.


title: Lamb of God

text: Lamb of God is an American metal band from Richmond, Virginia. They started in 1990. They play a style called groove metal with death metal influences. This style is similar to thrash metal but has more rhythm. Their music is very similar to Pantera's music. The members are Randy Blythe (vocals), Mark Morton (guitar), Willie Adler (guitar), John Campbell (bass) and Chris Adler (drums).


title: Consensus

text: Consensus is a term which describes general agreement among members of a group or community. It also means the theory and process of bringing a group together in agreement.


title: Bullmastiff

text: The Bullmastiff is a breed of dog. It started in 19th-century England. It is a mixture of a bulldog and a mastiff. It has a short tan, reddish-brown coat with black on the face and ears.


title: Regina King

text: Regina King (born January 15, 1971 in Los Angeles) is an American movie and television actress. She began acting in 1985 with the situation comedy "227", on which program she stayed until 1990. She has performed in many movies, including "Jerry Maguire", "Boyz n the Hood" (1991) and "Higher Learning" (1995). She voiced both Huey and Riley Freeman in the Adult Swim television series "The Boondocks".


title: International Cricket Council

text: The International Cricket Council (ICC) is the international governing body of cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909. It was renamed International Cricket Conference at 1965. It was renamed International Cricket Council in 1989.


title: Homomorphism

text: In algebra homomorphism is a map between two groups, that keeps the structure of the two groups. Homomorphic structures are basically the same, while the numbers, or operations in the equations are different. This means the two structures can be easily compared.


title: Communist Party of India

text: The Communist Party of India, abbreviated as CPI, is a political party in India. It was founded in the British era in 1925 at Kanpur. The Communist Party of India has officially stated that it was formed on 26 December 1925 at the first Party Conference in Kanpur, then "Cawnpore". S.V.Ghate was the first General Secretary of CPI. D. Raja is the current General Secretary of CPI.


title: Teatro La Fenice

text: An older opera house in Venice called the burnt down in 1774. It was the main, opera house in Venice. Some noblemen built it again, but the Venier, a famous family in Venice, made them sell the new theatre to them. So, the noblemen built a new opera house in 1792. They called it Teatro La Fenice. The first opera performed there was Giovanni Paisiello's "" (The Games of Agrigento).


title: Consensus

text: The cooperative spirit of consensus is different from the competitive spirit which is brought to a point in majority voting. According to Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales,


title: Bullmastiff

text: It stands and weighs . Bullmastiffs were originally used to discourage poaching and are now also used by police and as guard dogs.


title: International Cricket Council

text: The ICC has 108 members, 12 Full Members (who play tests) and 96 Associate Members. The membership had been divided into Full, Associate, and Affiliate Members, but the Affiliate category was removed in June 2017, with all Affiliate Members becoming Associate Members.


title: Teatro La Fenice

text: La Fenice burnt down in 1836. It was built again in 1837. On 29 January 1996, La Fenice burnt down again. It was set on fire by two men working on the building. They were sent to prison for arson. La Fenice was built again in 2003 in the style of the old one. The architect, Aldo Rossi, used pictures and movies of the old La Fenice to plan the new one.


title: Consensus

text: We are really strongly focused on consensus. One criticism of Wikipedia is that the majority rules. But majority is not the right way to describe it. We strive for consensus rather than majority rule. If you are in a group of five or ten people working on an article, if 30 percent of those working on the article dissent, then continue to write the article until all but the most unreasonable agree. Those who continue to disagree are typically exhibiting non-collaborative, and sometimes abusive, behavior.


title: Enola Gay

text: The Enola Gay is a B-29 Superfortress Bomber. This plane is famous for dropping the first atomic bomb (named Little Boy) over the Japanese city of Hiroshima during World War II. The Bomber is named after its Pilot, Paul Tibbets' mother Enola Gay Tibbets. The plane was used from 18 May 1945 to 24 July 1946, after which it was stored at Suitland, Maryland.


title: Waterworld

text: Waterworld is a 1995 American science fiction action movie. The movie stars Kevin Costner who also produced it. "Waterworld" was released in the United States on July 28, 1995.


title: Gymnasium (ancient Greece)

text: In Ancient Greece the Gymnasion (or Gymnasium, romanized name) was a place where athletes could train for the competitions in public games, such as the Olympic Games. "Gymnos" means naked. Only men were allowed to enter, and train; they did so fully naked (as the name implies). Athletes also competed in the nude. This was said to encourage aesthetic appreciation of the male body. It was believed to be a tribute to the Gods. Gymnasia and palestrae were under the protection and patronage of Heracles, Hermes and, in Athens, Theseus.


title: Roscoe Arbuckle

text: Roscoe Conkling "Fatty" Arbuckle (March 24, 1887 – June 29, 1933) was an American silent movie actor, comedian, director, and screenwriter. He helped Charlie Chaplin become an actor. He discovered Buster Keaton and Bob Hope.


title: Catherine Keener

text: Catherine Ann Keener (born March 23, 1959) is an American actress. She has been twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for "Being John Malkovich" (1999) and for her role as Harper Lee in "Capote" (2005).


title: Snatch (movie)

text: Snatch is a 2000 British American criminal comedy movie directed by Guy Ritchie and starring Jason Statham, Stephen Graham, Benicio del Toro, Dennis Farina, Mike Reid, Vinnie Jones, Brad Pitt, Rade Šerbedžija, Alan Ford. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures and won for 2 Empire Awards in 2001.


title: Waterworld

text: Problems during the making of the movie caused it to cost much more than expected. It was the most expensive movie ever made at the time. With a budget of $175 million, the movie earned $88 million at U.S. theaters. However, the movie was successful in other countries. It made more than a $100 million profit.


title: Gymnasium (ancient Greece)

text: The picture above shows the Pompeii gymnasium from the top of the stadium wall. The depression in the center-left of the picture was filled with water and used for swimming practice as well. Mock sea battles (naumachiae) took place in the flooded arena floor or a specially dug pool in the arena. According to Oscar Brockett in his History of the Theatre, 5th Ed. (1987), p. 70, "Perhaps the most spectacular of all entertainments were the naumachiae, or sea battles. The first was given in 46 B.C. by Julius Caesar on a lake dug for the occasion; it featured a battle involving 2,000 marines and 6,000 oarsmen. Later the amphitheatres were sometimes flooded for such events. By far the most ambitious of all the naumachiae was given in 52 A.D. on the Fucine Lake east of Rome to celebrate the completion of a water conduit. On that occasion, 19,000 participants fought and many died. To the right of the picture (partially behind a tree trunk) is a line of carbonized tree stumps. These are the remains of trees (each hundreds of years old) that were part of the palaistra. They were burned in the volcanic eruption of 79. Between these and the colonnade is a line of saplings recently planted as a replacement.


title: Roscoe Arbuckle

text: Arbuckle was one of the most popular silent stars of the 1910s. He soon became one of the highest paid actors in Hollywood. He once signed a contract in 1921 with Paramount Pictures for US$1 million.


title: Catherine Keener

text: Keener also appeared in "The 40-Year-Old Virgin" (2005), "Into the Wild" (2007), "Synecdoche, New York" (2008), and "Get Out" (2017).


title: Waterworld

text: Some time in the future, after global warming, the polar icecaps have melted. The Earth is almost entirely covered with water. The humans that are still alive have forgotten the past. Most people believe the world was created in a flood. It is blasphemy to believe anything else. There is, however, a belief of many peoples that dry land exists.


title: Roscoe Arbuckle

text: Arbuckle was accused of three counts of rape and for murdering actress Virginia Rappe. Arbuckle was later found not guilty and the jury gave Arbuckle a formal apology.


title: Waterworld

text: The main character in the movie is a drifter (Kevin Costner). For most of the movie, he has no name. People call him "the Mariner." He is a genetic mutant, with webbed feet and gills. He also appears to have very good reflexes.


title: Waterworld

text: The Atollers offer a trade with the Mariner: if he will stay with them long enough to get one of their women pregnant they will give him all the supplies he needs. The Mariner does not accept their offer. He does not like being around many people. The Atoll's leaders are mad about this. They have him arrested. During the fight to capture him, they learn that he is a mutant. They fear him and plan to "recycle" (execute) him in the Atoll's old dump for domestic waste.


title: Waterworld

text: As they get ready to "recycle" the Mariner, the Smokers attack. Their leader is the Deacon. He is the "captain" of an old oil tanker, the "Exxon Valdez" ("the 'Deez"). They are looking for a young girl named Enola. She has a map to Dryland tattooed on her back. One of their spies told them that she was there. Enola lives with her guardian, Helen, a woman in her twenties or thirties. Helen and Enola plan to escape with Gregor (the Atoll's astrologer/engineer) in search of Dryland. Like the Mariner, they do not fit in with the other people.


title: Waterworld

text: Gregor's escape balloon is accidentally let loose too early (with him on it). This leaves Helen and Enola on the Atoll as the Smokers attack it. They free the Mariner after he says he will take them with him. They all escape on his ship.


title: Waterworld

text: Helen learns that the Mariner knows where Dryland is and wants to see it. The Mariner puts her in a diving bell made out of plastic and swims down to a sunken city (actually the city of Denver) to show her. While they are looking at the sunken city, the Smokers find the Mariner's vessel and take control of it. Enola hides on the ship. When the Mariner and Helen return to the surface, the Smokers capture them. The Deacon wants the Mariner and Helen to tell him where Enola is, but they will not help him find her. The Deacon pretends to kill the Mariner and Helen by firing a gun into the sky. This scares Enola out of hiding and she is captured by the Smokers. The Deacon has his crew burn the Mariner's vessel and shoot at them, but they escape by diving deeper underwater than the bullets can reach. Since the Mariner can breathe underwater, he "breathes" for both of them using a kiss.


title: Waterworld

text: Gregor soon appears in his flying machine. He tells them that it was "good thinking" to burn the boat. Gregor then takes them to where a new Atoll is being built. The Mariner tells everyone that he is going to rescue Enola. No one else will help him.


title: Waterworld

text: The Mariner goes after the "Exxon Valdez" on a stolen jetski. The Deacon and his crew are celebrating finding "the map to Dryland". Unfortunately, neither the Deacon nor his crew has any idea how to "read" the map. Based on the shape of the area of Dryland, the Deacon believes that the area must be Japan. The crew begins to row the large ship with huge oars, in the style of a Viking longship.


title: Waterworld

text: The Mariner walks out onto the empty deck of the ship and threatens to throw a flare down into the oil holds unless the Deacon returns Enola. The Deacon does not believe Enola's warning that the Mariner never bluffs. He refuses and tells the Mariner that he would be crazy to blow up the ship. The Mariner drops the flare into the oil hold. The flare causes the oil catch on fire. This destroys the 'Deez in a large explosion.


title: Waterworld

text: The Mariner frees Enola and escapes the ship which sinks. They float at sea for a while and then have one last battle with the Deacon (who survived the blast) before being rescued by Gregor. Gregor understands the map and leads them in the direction of what does, in fact, turn out to be Dryland: Mount Everest. Gregor, Enola, Helen and the others start to rebuild civilization on the island. The Mariner builds a boat and sails away, back to his old life.


title: Pareto efficiency

text: Multi-criteria optimization, or multiobjective optimization is a way of solving a mathematical or economic problem where many different parameters need to be changed to get one of the best possible solutions to the problem. The result of this is called Pareto efficiency, named after Vilfredo Pareto, who first used it in his studies.


title: Sudan national football team

text: Sudan national football team is the men's national football team of Sudan. Since 2019, there is also a women's national football team of Sudan. Both teams have played in the Africa Cup of Nations.


title: Hope Solo

text: Hope Amelia Solo (born July 30, 1981, in Richland, Washington) is an American soccer goalkeeper. She plays for the United States women's national soccer team, and for the Seattle Reign FC of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), the top division of women's soccer in the United States


title: Enter the Dragon

text: Enter the Dragon is a 1973 Hong Kong American action movie directed by Robert Clouse and starring Bruce Lee, John Saxon, Jim Kelly, Ahna Capri, Angela Mao, Betty Chung, Bolo Yeung, Marlene Clark. An American and Hong Kong co-production, Concord Productions Inc. and Warner Bros.. It was distributed by Warner Bros.("international") and Golden Harvest ("hk").


title: Pareto efficiency

text: In welfare economics, the idea of Pareto efficiency is very simple: If there is no way of improving the situation of one person, without making that of another person worse, the solution found is Pareto-efficient.


title: Hope Solo

text: During the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup, she got 2 official awards. The Bronze Ball and the Best Goalkeeper award. Her father Jeffrey, died on June 15, 2007, because of heart failure. She was part of the USA women's soccer team that won gold at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.


title: Pareto efficiency

text: If we look at what the economy produces, we might say it is on its Pareto Frontier or Production Possibility Frontier, meaning that it is making (or "producing") all it can with the things it has (such as machines, labour, land and ideas -- all called resources or factors of production). If this is the case, making more of one thing would mean making less of another; the resources are already being used to full capacity, so making more of one thing will take resources away from making another.


title: Pareto efficiency

text: Just because something is Pareto efficient, it doesn't mean it is fair or "equitable". Even though no-one could be made better off without making someone else worse off, it is possible that one person owns all of the world's things. To make anyone else better off, some would have to be taken away from this person, making them worse off.


title: Angelo Peruzzi

text: Angelo Peruzzi (born 16 February 1970) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy's national team.


title: Jacqueline du Pré

text: Jacqueline du Pré (26 January 1945 - 19 October 1987) was an English cellist. Today she is thought of as one of the greatest cellists of all time. She is particularly remembered for her performances of the Elgar "Cello Concerto". She was still quite young when she became ill with multiple sclerosis and had to give up playing her cello.


title: British Invasion

text: The British Invasion was an event where many rock and roll, beat, and pop bands from the United Kingdom became very popular in the United States, Australia, and Canada. The term was created by the news media.


title: University of Kansas

text: The University of Kansas is a public university in Lawrence, a hilly city in northeastern Kansas. It is often abbreviated as "KU".


The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an agency of the United States government. They are responsible for preserving and documenting government and historical records. It is also in charge of making it easier for people to see those documents which make up the National Archive. NARA is officially responsible for maintaining and publishing the original copies of acts of Congress, presidential directives, and federal regulations. NARA also informs of votes of the Electoral College to Congress.


title: Near-Earth object

text: Their least distance from the Sun, their perihelion, is less than 1.3 AU. NEOs include near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) and near-Earth comets.


title: Joe Strummer

text: John Graham Mellor (21 August 1952 – 22 December 2002), better known by his stage name, Joe Strummer, was the co-founder, lyricist, rhythm guitarist and lead vocalist of the British punk rock band The Clash.


title: Tirunelveli district

text: Tirunelveli district is a district of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The city of Tirunelveli is the district headquarters. Tirunelveli District was formed on 1 September 1790 by the East India Company (on behalf of the British government), and comprised the present Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi and thenkasi districts and parts of Virudhunagar district and Ramanathapuram districts. It is the second-largest district (as of October 2008), after Villupuram district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 3,077,233.


title: Bursitis

text: Bursitis is a painful condition. Small sacs called bursae get inflamed. Bursae are pockets between your muscles and your bones. Your bursa help you move without pain. In bursitis, the inflammation is often caused by extra fluid in the bursae. The most common places to have bursitis are in your hip and shoulder. You can also have bursitis in your elbow, knee and toe.


title: Maite Perroni

text: Maite Perroni Beorlegui (born March 9, 1983) is a Mexican actress, singer-songwriter, dancer and model. She is best known for starring in the Mexican telenovela "Rebelde".


title: Jacqueline du Pré

text: Jacqueline du Pré was born in Oxford, England. Her father came from Jersey. His mother was a talented pianist who taught at the Royal Academy of Music. When she was four Jacqueline heard the sound of a cello on the radio and she told her mother she wanted "one of those." She started with lessons from her mother, who composed little pieces with little drawings. Then, when she was five, she went to the London Violoncello School . Her first teacher was Alison Dalrymple.


title: University of Kansas

text: There was a plan to build a university in Kansas in 1855, but it didn't happen until Kansas became a state in 1861. The Kansas government needed to decide where to build the university. Their choices were Manhattan, Emporia, or Lawrence. On January 13, 1863, Kansas State University was built in Manhattan. The only cities left were Emporia and Lawrence. Amos A. Lawrence gave $10,000 and more than 40 acres (160,000 m) of land for a university in Lawrence. The Kansas government liked that, so the government chose Lawrence.


title: Near-Earth object

text: They include more than ten thousand near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), near-Earth comets, some solar-orbiting spacecraft, and meteoroids large enough to be tracked in space before striking the Earth. Collisions in the past have had a significant role in shaping the geological and biological history of the planet.


title: Joe Strummer

text: He was also member of The 101ers, Latino Rockabilly War, The Mescaleros and The Pogues, in addition to his own solo music career. Strummer's work included acting, creating film scores, songwriting, radio broadcasting, and a position as a radio host. He is one of the most iconic figures of the British punk movement.


title: Bursitis

text: One of the most common symptoms of bursitis is pain. It can also cause stiffness and swelling. Pain happens when you move your joints.


title: Jacqueline du Pré

text: Soon she and her sister, who played the flute, were winning local music competitions. Du Pré’s main teacher, from 1955 to 1961, both privately and at the Guildhall School of Music in London, was the famous cellist William Pleeth. She took part in a masterclass with Pablo Casals in Zermatt, Switzerland in 1960, and had some lessons with Paul Tortelier in Paris in 1962, and with Mstislav Rostropovich in Russia in 1966. Rostropovich said that she was the only young cellist who could play better than he could.


title: University of Kansas

text: On February 20, 1863, Kansas Governor Thomas Carney signed into law a bill creating the state university in Lawrence. The law was made if Lawrence gave a gift of a $15,000 endowment fund and a place for the university. The place would need to be in or near the town, of not less than forty acres (16 ha) of land.


title: Near-Earth object

text: In some cases NEOs hit the Earth. Most of these meteors explode harmlessly in the upper atmosphere. But some NEOs are dangerous. We try to find out when one is going to hit Earth using impact prediction. On 30 June 1908, a meteorite of around 45 metres in diameter exploded over the basin of the Podkamennaya Tunguska River. It released an energy of 10–15 megatons of TNT and destroyed roughly 2,000 square kilometres of forest. Such an explosion, similar to one of the biggest nuclear weapons, could have razed London about as far out as the M25 ring road. However, because the location was remote, no deaths were recorded. The Association of Space Explorers estimates that a Tunguksa-like event happens two or three times every thousand years on average. An asteroid roughly 10 km in diameter is thought to have hit Earth 66 million years ago and caused the K/T extinction event, including the extinction of all non-avian dinosaurs.


title: Bursitis

text: The most common cause of bursitis is moving your joints too much. Swelling can happen when the joint locks.


title: Jacqueline du Pré

text: In March 1961, when she was 16, du Pré gave her first concert at the Wigmore Hall, London, and she played the Elgar Cello Concerto in 1962 in the Royal Festival Hall with the BBC Symphony Orchestra conducted by Rudolf Schwarz. She performed at the BBC Proms in 1963 playing the Elgar concerto again, with Sir Malcolm Sargent. People liked it so much that she was asked to play it every year for three years. Du Pré performed at the Proms every year until 1969.


title: University of Kansas

text: On November 2, 1863, Governor Carney said Lawrence had met the conditions to get the state university. In 1864, the university was officially organized.


title: Bursitis

text: There are a few ways to treat bursitis. The best way to treat bursitis is to rest the joint and to lift it up. You can also put a medicine called cortisone into the hurt bursa. You should put it on ice for twenty minutes three to four times a day.


title: Jacqueline du Pré

text: In 1965, when she was 20, she recorded the Elgar concerto for EMI with the London Symphony Orchestra and Sir John Barbirolli. This made her internationally famous. People still judge every cellist’s performance of this work by this recording by du Pré.


title: University of Kansas

text: The University of Kansas School of Business is a public business school on the main campus in Lawrence. The KU School of Business was created in 1924. It has more than 80 staff members, and it has about 1500 students.


title: Jacqueline du Pré

text: She played with the world’s greatest orchestras and conductors, including the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, London Philharmonic, New Philharmonia Orchestra, BBC Symphony Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, Israel Philharmonic, and the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra. She regularly performed with conductors such as Barbirolli, Sir Adrian Boult, Sir Malcolm Sargent, Daniel Barenboim (her husband), Zubin Mehta, and Leonard Bernstein.


title: University of Kansas

text: It was named one of the best business schools in the Midwest by "Princeton Review". The KU School of Business has been credited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) for its undergraduate and graduate programs in business and accounting.


title: Jacqueline du Pré

text: There were two cellos that Du Pré usually played. One was a Stradivari cellos, the Stradivarius made in 1673, and the other was made in 1712 and was called the Davydov Stradivarius. Both instruments were gifts from her godmother. She performed with the 1673 Stradivarius from 1961 until 1964 when she got the Davydov. Many of her most famous recordings were made on this instrument, including the Elgar Concerto with Barbirolli, the Robert Schumann Cello Concerto with Barenboim and the two Brahms cello sonatas. From 1969 to 1970 du Pré played a Francesco Goffriller cello, and in 1970 she got a modern instrument from the Philadelphia violin maker Sergio Peresson. It was the Peresson cello that du Pré played for the rest of her career until 1973, including a second, live recording of the Elgar Concerto, and her last studio recording in 1971 of the sonatas by Frederic Chopin and César Franck.


title: University of Kansas

text: The University of Kansas School of Law was created in 1878. It was the top law school in the state of Kansas. The 2016 "U.S. News & World Report" "U.S. News Best Colleges Rankings" says that it was the 65th best law school in the United States. Classes are held in Green Hall at W 15th St and Burdick Dr, which is named after former dean James Green.


title: Jacqueline du Pré

text: She often played chamber music with her husband Daniel Barenboim and her friends Yehudi Menuhin, Itzhak Perlman, Zubin Mehta, and Pinchas Zukerman. In 1969 a film was made when they played Schubert’s "Piano Quintet ("Trout")". There were also other films made of her playing.


title: University of Kansas

text: The KU School of Engineering is a public engineering school on the main campus in Lawrence. The School of Engineering was officially created in 1891, although engineering degrees were awarded as early as 1873.


title: Jacqueline du Pré

text: Jacqueline du Pré met pianist Daniel Barenboim on New Year's Eve in 1966. They were married the following June (1967) at the Western Wall in Jerusalem. As her husband was Jewish, she converted to Judaism. They very often performed together, with Baremboim either playing the piano or conducting an orchestra.


title: University of Kansas

text: The "U.S. News & World Report"'s "America’s Best Colleges" 2016 issue says that KU's School of Engineering was the 90th best engineering school in the United States.


title: Jacqueline du Pré

text: Jacqueline’s sister Hilary and her brother Piers later wrote a book about her called "A Genius in the Family". This was made into a film "Hilary and Jackie". In this film it was claimed that Jacqueline had had an affair with Hilary’s husband. They said that this had helped her at the time she was having a nervous breakdown. Hilary’s daughter later criticized the story and said that her father had made Jacqueline have sex with him.


title: University of Kansas

text: Famous alumni include: Alan Mulally (BS/MS), former President and CEO of Ford Motor Company, Lou Montulli, co-founder of Netscape and author of the Lynx web browser, Brian McClendon (BSEE 1986), VP of Engineering at Google, and Charles E. Spahr (1934), former CEO of Standard Oil of Ohio.


title: Jacqueline du Pré

text: In the early 1980s, Barenboim began an affair with the Russian pianist Elena Bashkirova, with whom he had two sons. This was kept secret from Jacqueline, who was very ill by that time.


title: University of Kansas

text: The KU Edwards Campus is in Overland Park, Kansas. It was created in 1993. It was created in order to provide adults with a chance to get college degrees and to get better education. About 2,000 students go there. The average age of the students is 31. The Edwards campus provides programs developmental psychology, public administration, social work, systems analysis, engineering management and design.


title: Jacqueline du Pré

text: In 1971, Jacqueline du Pré’s started to suffer from multiple sclerosis. She began to lose feeling in her fingers, as well as in other parts of her body. She stopped playing for a while. Then, in 1973, she started playing again, but she could not play so well. She performed the "Elgar Concerto" for her last London concerts in February 1973 with Zubin Mehta and the New Philharmonia Orchestra.


title: University of Kansas

text: Students enrolled in 6 or more credit hours paid a yearly required campus fee of $888. The schools of architecture, music, arts, business, education, engineering, journalism, law, pharmacy, and social welfare charge more fees.


title: Jacqueline du Pré

text: Her last public concerts were in New York in February 1973, where she was going to play four performances of the Brahms "Double Concerto" with the violinist Pinchas Zukerman, and Leonard Bernstein conducting the New York Philharmonic. Du Pré later said she had difficulty in opening the cello case. She was in the middle of a performance when her fingers could no longer perform. The last performance was cancelled.


title: University of Kansas

text: , the yearly tuition for 30 credit hours for a freshman is estimated by the university to be $10,182. This does not include room and board costs.


title: Jacqueline du Pré

text: In October 1973 it was confirmed that she had multiple sclerosis. During her last years she was in a wheelchair. She sometimes gave some masterclasses. She died of multiple sclerosis in London on October 19, 1987, at the age of 42.


title: University of Kansas

text: Kansas' athletics teams are called the Jayhawks. Kansas has 16 varsity teams, all of which compete in the Big 12 Conference. They are known for their men's basketball team, which most recently won a national championship in 2008.


title: Jacqueline du Pré

text: Jacqueline du Pré was given many honours. She was made an OBE in 1976. After her death a rose was named after her by the Royal Horticultural Society. The music building of St Hilda's College, Oxford is named after her. She has left us many recordings of her playing.


title: University of Kansas

text: The KU Medical Center, which is one branch of the University of Kansas, is located in Kansas City, Kansas, which is east of Lawrence. Another branch of KU, called the Edwards Campus, is located in Overland Park, Kansas.


title: University of Kansas

text: The University of Kansas has had more teams (70) compete in the National Debate Tournament than any other university. Kansas has won the tournament 6 times (1954, 1970, 1976, 1983, 2009 and 2018)


title: Squat

text: In powerlifting and bodybuilding, as well as in other sports, squat is an exercise that strengthens the muscles of the thighs, hips and buttocks, as well as the bones, ligaments and insertion of the tendons throughout the lower body.


title: Macroevolution

text: Macroevolution refers to large-scale evolution. For some, this means the origin of species. For others, it means the large-scale changes seen in the fossil record.


title: Peak oil

text: Peak oil is the idea that at some point an oil well, an oil field, a country, or the world, will be producing the most crude oil it can ever produce at one time. After this point, less oil will be produced and therefore people will have to use less oil because it will cost more money. Many scientists and governments are concerned about what will happen when there is less oil to go around.


title: Duduk

text: The duduk is one of the oldest double reed instruments in the world which dates back over 3,000 years. Many different duduks can be found in Armenia and the Caucasus. The roots of Armenian duduk music go back to the times of the Armenian king Tigran the Great (95-55 BC). The instrument is seen in many Armenian manuscripts of the Middle Ages.


title: New Bern, North Carolina

text: New Bern () is a city in Craven County, North Carolina. It has a population of 29,524. It is located where the Trent and the Neuse rivers meet. The city is east of Raleigh and northeast of Wilmington. New Bern is the county seat of Craven County. New Bern is the birthplace of the international drink, Pepsi Cola.


title: Antoine of Navarre

text: Antoine de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme, also called Antoine of Navarre (22 April 1518 – 17 November 1562) was the King of Navarre through his marriage ("jure uxoris") to Queen Jeanne III, from 1555 until his death. He was the founder of the Royal House of Bourbon. Antoine was the father of Henry IV of France.


title: Borr

text: In Norse mythology, Borr is the father of the creation gods Odin, Vili and Vé. His wife is Bestla. Borr was the son of Búri. He was one of the first three gods, and one of the creator's of humanity.


title: Pendulum (Australian band)

text: Pendulum are an Australian/British drum and bass duo from Perth, Western Australia. The duo consists of Paul Harding and Ben Mount.


title: Statute of Westminster 1931

text: The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was passed on 11 December 1931. The Act gave equality to the self-governing dominions of the British Empire. It is still law in each of the Commonwealth realms.


title: Stella McCartney

text: Stella Nina McCartney, (born 13 September 1971 ) is an English fashion designer. She is the daughter of former Beatles member Sir Paul McCartney and American photographer and animal rights activist Linda McCartney.


title: Prader–Willi syndrome

text: Prader–Willi syndrome is a rare but major genetic condition that involves being overweight, substandard sexual development and low intelligence. This problem also puts those affected under risk for diabetes mellitus. People with Prader-Willi syndrome experience constant hunger, despite eating much more than average, which can cause life-threatening obesity. It was first observed in 1956. Prader-Willi syndrome is usually diagnosed with a genetic test. There is no cure for Prader-Willi syndrome. It can be treated with behavioural therapy.


title: Dane DeHaan

text: Dane William DeHaan (born February 6, 1986) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Jesse on the HBO cable television program "In Treatment" and as Andrew Detmer in the 2012 movie "Chronicle".


title: Dan Reynolds

text: Daniel Coulter Reynolds (born July 14, 1987) is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. He is the lead singer of the pop rock band Imagine Dragons. Reynolds also released an EP in 2011, titled "Egyptian – EP." It is a duo with his wife Aja Volkman as a group named Egyptian. He has been given the Songwriters Hall of Fame Hal David Starlight Award.


title: Squat

text: Although the squat is a basic element of weight training, it has been the subject of considerable controversy in recent years. Some trainers allege that squats are associated with injuries to the lumbar spine and knees. As a result, many trainers suggest that the standard barbell squat be modified in various ways. Others, however, reject all suggestions that the exercise be abandoned, continuing to advocate the squat.


title: Macroevolution

text: It is a term of convenience: for most biologists it does "not" suggest any change in the process of evolution. For a few palaeontologists, some things they see in the fossil record cannot be explained just by the gradualist evolutionary synthesis. They are in the minority. There are some interesting discussions by other palaeontologists.


title: Peak oil

text: The first person to come up with this idea was M.K. Hubbert in the 1950s and 1960s, who said that a graph of oil production looks like a curve (which we now call Hubbert's Curve). Hubbert drew a graph in 1956 that predicted that the United States would reach its peak oil in the early 1970s. The United States did indeed reach its peak oil in the early 1970s.


title: New Bern, North Carolina

text: New Bern was a Native American town named Chattoka. Swiss immigrants moved to New Bern in 1710. It was named after the capital of Switzerland: Bern. "Bern" is bear in the German language, and the flags of both towns have the drawing of a bear.


title: Pendulum (Australian band)

text: The band was created in 2002 by Rob Swire, Gareth McGrillen, and Paul Harding. The live members of the band left in 2012 to focus on other projects with Swire and McGrillen leaving to create the band Knife Party. The DJ set for the band is still active though.


title: Statute of Westminster 1931

text: The Statute is important because it gave legislative freedom to these countries. Its current relevance is that it sets the basis for the continuing relationship between the Commonwealth realms and the Crown.


title: Stella McCartney

text: McCartney was born at King’s College Hospital in London, England, She is second child of American photographer Linda McCartney and former Beatle Paul McCartney. She is named after her maternal great-grandmothers both of Linda McCartney's grandmothers were named Stella.


title: Dane DeHaan

text: DeHaan was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania. He began a career in acting after graduating from the University of North Carolina in 2008. DeHaan married actress Anna Wood on June 30, 2012. They live together in Los Angeles, California.


title: Macroevolution

text: Some biologists use the term for evolution in already separated gene pools. For them, macroevolutionary studies focus on change that occurs at or above the level of species. Again, this is a minority position. Most biologist would not call evolution at the species level "macroevolution".


title: Peak oil

text: It is unclear as to when the world's peak oil will happen, though many scientists agree that it was reached in the early 2000s or before 2020. For example, in 2010 the International Energy Agency (IEA) has said that peak oil may have happened in 2006.


title: New Bern, North Carolina

text: New Bern is the second oldest town in North Carolina. It was the capital of the North Carolina colonial government and the state capital for a short time until 1792. After the American Revolution, New Bern became rich and quickly developed a rich cultural life. At one time New Bern was called "the Athens of the South." After Raleigh was named as the state capital, New Bern rebuilt its economy with the help of trade routes to the Caribbean and New England. It reached a population of 3,600 in 1815. During the 19th-century Federal period, New Bern was the largest city in North Carolina.


title: Pendulum (Australian band)

text: They released their debut album "Hold Your Colour" on 25 July 2005. Their second album "In Silico" was released on May 12, 2008 in Europe and on May 13, 2008 in North America. They released their final studio album "Immersion" with the live band on 21 May 2010.


title: Macroevolution

text: Microevolution, on the other hand, refers to smaller evolutionary changes "within" species or populations. During microevolution changes in allele frequencies definitely do occur. Some biologists, Richard Dawkins in particular, have suggested that the gene is the object of selection. This was always challenged by Ernst Mayr "The individual is the entity which survives or not, which reproduces or not, and which reproduces successfully or not". Changes in gene frequency in populations is a by-product of what happens to individuals.


title: New Bern, North Carolina

text: New Bern has four historic districts with homes, stores and churches dating back to the early eighteenth century. Close to the waterfront are more than 164 homes and buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Also nearby are several bed and breakfast inns, hotels, restaurants, banks, antiques stores and specialty shops. Tryon Palace, the home of British governor William Tryon, was built in 1770. It was used as the original state capitol building of newly independent North Carolina. It burned down in the 1790s. People can now visit a replica, built from the original plans and on the original foundation. The Masonic Temple and the Athens Theater are both still very active today. The Masonic Theater is the oldest theater in America in continuous use.


title: Macroevolution

text: Paleontology, evolutionary developmental biology, and sequence analysis contribute much evidence for the patterns and processes that can be classified as macroevolution. An example of macroevolution is the appearance of feathers during the evolution of birds from one group of dinosaurs.


title: New Bern, North Carolina

text: The historic districts also are home to many of the town's 2,000 crape myrtles — New Bern’s official flower — and gardens. The district has flowering dogwoods and azaleas.


title: Macroevolution

text: Within the modern evolutionary synthesis school of thought, macroevolution is thought of as the compounded effects of microevolution. Thus, the distinction between micro- and macroevolution is not a fundamental one – the only difference between them is of time and scale.


title: New Bern, North Carolina

text: Union Point park is where the Neuse and Trent Rivers join. It is the city’s major celebration spot for events such as Neuse River Days and the Fourth of July. In 1979, the local government gave Swiss Bear Downtown Revitalization Corp — a nonprofit corporation of civic leaders — control of the failing downtown area. Today, art galleries, specialty shops, antiques stores, restaurants and inns have changed downtown and the waterfront into a social hub. Improvements are still being made. Built in 1995 through the efforts of Swiss Bear, James Reed Lane is a downtown mini-park and pedestrian walk-through on Pollock Street across from historic Christ Church. Private restoration efforts have returned many of the downtown buildings to their turn-of-the-last-century elegance.


title: Macroevolution

text: Some creationists have also adopted the term 'macroevolution' to describe the form of evolution they reject. They may accept that evolutionary change is possible within species (microevolution), but deny that one species can evolve into another (macroevolution). These arguments are rejected by biologists, who hold that there is ample evidence that macroevolution has occurred in the past.


title: Macroevolution

text: Russian entomologist Yuri Filipchenko (or Philipchenko, depending on the transliteration) first coined the terms 'macroevolution' and 'microevolution' in 1927 in his German language work, "Variabilität und Variatio".


title: Macroevolution

text: Since then, their meanings have been revised several times and fallen into disfavour with many, who prefer to speak of biological evolution as one process.


title: Macroevolution

text: The issue for biologists is whether there is any sense in having the special term "macroevolution". The answer is yes for a few biologists who proposed one or more evolutionary mechanisms which worked above the species level. The ideas of punctuated equilibrium and species selection were suggested, but in each case most biologists felt they could be explained by the usual small-scale changes. This explains why 'macroevolution' is perhaps a term biologists do not need to use.


title: Macroevolution

text: When discussing the topic, creationists use "strategically elastic" definitions of micro- and macroevolution. Macroevolution, by their definition, cannot be attained. Any observed evolutionary change is described by them as being "just microevolution".


title: Macroevolution

text: The debate between biologists continues, with some biologists stating that there is significant evidence that other factors have acted during macroevolution, and others maintaining that macroevolution can still be fully explained by the mechanisms of microevolution.


title: Antonio Cabrini

text: Antonio Cabrini (born 8 October 1957) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.


title: Floyd Landis

text: Floyd Landis (born October 14, 1975) is an American road racing cyclist, now best remembered because of the Tour de France 2006 doping scandal. He is a time-trial specialist and a strong climber.


title: Haifa Wehbe

text: Haifa Wehbe (, born March 10, 1972) is a female Lebanese singer, actress, model, and jewelry designer who is known in the Arab world. Wehbe was born in a rural town in South Lebanon and currently lives in Beirut. She started her music career with her debut album "Huwa az-Zaman" (, "It is Time").


title: Hydrazoic acid

text: Hydrazoic acid is a chemical compound. (It is similar to hydrogen azide, which is the gas form. Hydrazoic acid is hydrogen azide dissolved in water.) Its chemical formula is HN. It contains hydrogen and azide ions.


title: Sacco and Vanzetti

text: Nicola Sacco (22 April 1891 – 23 August 1927) and Bartolomeo Vanzetti (11 June 1888 – 23 August 1927) were two Italian men who were convicted of murder in the United States in 1920. They were convicted of killing two men during an armed robbery in Braintree, Massachusetts.


title: Death by burning

text: Death by burning (also known as immolation) is an execution method involving combustion or touching to extreme heat. It has a long history as a form of capital punishment, and many societies have used it as punishment for crimes such as treason, heresy and witchcraft. The best known execution of this type is burning at the stake where the condemned is tied to a big wooden stake and a fire lit under them.


title: Nitro compound

text: A nitro compound is a molecule that has the nitro group. The nitro group is made of one nitrogen atom connected with two oxygen atoms (-NO). The nitrogen is also bonded to the rest of the molecule.


title: Ship of Theseus

text: The ship of Theseus is a question about if you can consider that an object is the same one when you replace parts of it. It is a paradox.


title: Archaeplastida

text: The Archaeplastida (or kingdom Plantae "sensu lato" "in a broad sense") are a major group of eukaryotes. It include the photoautotrophic red algae (Rhodophyta), green algae, land plants and the minor group glaucophytes. It also includes the Rhodelphidia, an eukaryotrophic flagellate that is sister to the Rhodophyta, and probably picozoans. The Archaeplastida have chloroplasts that are surrounded by two membranes. All other groups which have chloroplasts, besides the amoeboid genus "Paulinella", have chloroplasts surrounded by three or four membranes.


title: Floyd Landis

text: Landis turned professional in 1999 with the Mercury Cycling Team. He joined the US Postal Service team in 2002, and moved to the Phonak Hearing Systems team in 2005.


title: Haifa Wehbe

text: Before she became a singer, she was a model. She won title "Miss South Lebanon" when she was sixteen. In 1995, she was the runner-up for Miss Lebanon before the public found out she had a daughter named Zeinab.


title: Hydrazoic acid

text: Hydrazoic acid is very explosive. It is a powerful reducing agent. It is used to make other azides. It has an unpleasant smell.


title: Sacco and Vanzetti

text: Sacco and Vanzetti were immigrants to the country. Both were anarchists who supported rebellion against governments that were violent and oppressive.


title: Nitro compound

text: Nitrogen normally has only three bonds. In a nitro group, the bond is considered positively charged. Then one bond of the oxygen is negatively charged, and the other has a double bond. In reality, the best way to represent the nitro group is to consider it to have delocalized electrons. Then all three atoms are sp hybridised.


title: Ship of Theseus

text: For example, if you have an axe and you replace its handle, it is still the same axe? And if you replace the blade? And if you made another axe with the old handle and blade, the "real" axe is the one that has the replaced elements or the one that has the old ones?


title: Archaeplastida

text: The cells of the Archaeplastida do not have centrioles. They have mitochondria with flat cristae. They usually have a cell wall that contains cellulose. Food is stored as starch. However, these characteristics are also shared with other eukaryotes. The main evidence that the Archaeplastida form a monophyletic group comes from genetic studies. These studies show their plastids probably had a single origin. Not all scientists agree with these studies. Photosynthetic organisms with plastids of different origin (such as brown algae) do not belong to the Archaeplastida.


title: Floyd Landis

text: Landis was fired from the Phonak team on 5 August 2006. The doping test after stage 17 of the 2006 Tour de France showed he had a very high testosterone/epitestosterone "ratio". The rules say that for every one unit of one chemical he should have four unites of the other (a 4 to one (4:1) ratio). Landis's test showed a ratio of 11:1.


title: Haifa Wehbe

text: Her second 2005 album was "Baddi 'Ayš" (, "I Want to Live"). Her second songs was "Ana Haifa" ("I am Haifa").


title: Hydrazoic acid

text: Hydrazoic acid is extremely toxic, even more toxic than sodium azide. It can make very bad headaches. It has a bad odor. It does not accumulate in the body. Once again, It is dangerous to drink!


title: Sacco and Vanzetti

text: They were put on trial in 1921. They were convicted even though evidence was clear that they had not committed the crime. This evidence involved ballistics tests and several witnesses who claimed Sacco had been in Boston and Vanzetti in Plymouth on the day of the robbery. The two men were carrying weapons when they were arrested. To explain this, Sacco and Vanzetti had to explain their anarchist beliefs in court. It is believed that this may have prejudiced the jury (influenced their decision). Many believe that they were executed because they were immigrants. Their trial happened in the midst of the ‘Red Scare’, which was when many people did not like foreigners coming into their country, mostly because they were scared communists may come into the country and disrupt them.


title: Nitro compound

text: Nitro compounds are very explosive. This is because, at high temperature, nitro compounds can decompose and release nitrogen gas. This reaction is very exothermic (gives out a lot of energy). Many explosives have nitro groups, for example trinitrotoluene (TNT).


title: Archaeplastida

text: The archaeplastidans fall into two main evolutionary lines. The red algae are colored with chlorophyll "a" and phycobiliproteins, like most cyanobacteria, and accumulate starch outside the chloroplasts. The green algae and land plants are colored with chlorophylls "a" and "b", but do not have phycobiliproteins. Also, starch is built up inside the chloroplasts. These two groups are called Viridiplantae (Latin for "green plants") or Chloroplastida. The glaucophytes have cyanobacterial color. They are unusual as they havea cell wall within their plastids (called cyanelles).


title: Floyd Landis

text: Landis appealed to the USA Cycling and saying the tests were not done properly. USA Cycling asked three people from the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) to study Landis's claims. On 20 September 2007 that group voted 2 to 1 against him. Landis was stripped of his title as winner of the 2006 Tour de France by the UCI, and banned from professional racing for two years.


title: Sacco and Vanzetti

text: The jury found Sacco and Vanzetti guilty of murder on 14 July 1921. The case drew attention from around the world. As details of the trial became public, many protests were held against their conviction. Sacco and Vanzetti were eventually executed on 23 August 1927. Since their deaths, scholars have mostly agreed that Sacco and Vanzetti were wrongfully convicted. They also did not speak English so they could not get a defense attorney themselves. This would not have mattered because they could not afford an attorney anyway. Eventually, in 23 August 1927, they were executed by Electric Chair.


title: Archaeplastida

text: Archaeplastida should not be confused with the older and obsolete name Archiplastideae. This term refers to cyanobacteria and other groups of bacteria.


title: Floyd Landis

text: Under UCI rules, the cyclist's national federation, in this case USA Cycling decides if the rules have been broken, but because of the science involved they asked the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) to help.


title: Floyd Landis

text: Landis was brought up a Mennonite, and rode his first races wearing sweatpants because his religion forbade wearing shorts; he won anyway. Landis' father, is a devout Mennonite, and tried to stop him from racing his bike by giving him extra chores. He had no time to train during the day, so he would sneak out of the house at night to train, sometimes at 1 or 2 a.m. and often in the freezing cold. His father, found that Floyd had been going out at night and often followed him at a distance to make sure he was not getting into trouble. Today, Floyd Landis's father is a supporter of his son and says he is one of Floyd's biggest fans.


title: Floyd Landis

text: Before the 2006 Tour de Francemost people thought the winner would be either Ivan Basso or Jan Ullrich, who finished second and third respectively in the 2005 tour. Days before the race, the Operación Puerto doping case forced Basso and Ullrich to withdraw, and Landis became one of the favourites to win


title: Floyd Landis

text: Landis performance up to Stage 16 of the Tour de France and his comeback in Stage 17 is surprising because of his hip ailment, called osteonecrosis, which was revealed in an article in "The New York Times" during the 2006 Tour de France. This means he was in constant pain.