title: Tropical Storm Barry (2007)

text: Rain went north into the Mid-Atlantic States and New England, with 4.50 inches (113 mm) at Absecon, New Jersey, 3.91 inches (99 mm) near Central Park, New York, and 3.19 inches (81 mm) at Taunton, Massachusetts. Flooding damaged several roads and driveways in the Finger Lakes region of New York State. Flash floods were seen in southeast New York, and high wind gusts caused some damage to trees. In New Jersey, winds pushing over land caused high tides and minor coastal flooding.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: Jewel Changi Airport (also known as Jewel or Jewel Changi) is a nature-themed entertainment and retail complex on the inside of Changi Airport, Singapore, linked to three of its passenger terminals. Its highlight is the world's tallest indoor waterfall, known as the Rain Vortex, which is surrounded by a lot of plants.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: Jewel includes gardens, entertainment, a hotel, about 300 dining places, as well as early baggage check-in facilities before flying a plane. It covers a total size of , about 10 storeys – five aboveground and five underground levels. Its attractions include the Shiseido Forest Valley, an indoor garden which is about five storeys, and the Canopy Park at the highest level, featuring more gardens and places for relaxation.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: Jewel receives about 300,000 people a day. In October 2019, six months after its soft opening, it had welcomed 50 million people, exceeding its first target for the whole year. The complex and airport is located in Changi, at the eastern end of Singapore, approximately northeast from Singapore's Downtown Core.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: Jewel was made to maintain Changi Airport's status as a major flying hub in the Asia-Pacific. It was first mentioned by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong in his National Day Rally speech in 2013 as part of Changi Airport's long-term plans to double its capacity by the mid-2020s and "create more opportunities for Singapore and Singaporeans".


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: Built over the former open-air car park in front of Changi Airport Terminal 1, Jewel expanded Terminal 1's arrival hall and baggage claim areas by 70%, and its handling capacity is also expected to increase from 21 to 24 million passengers a year. Jewel was officially opened on 18 October 2019 by Lee Hsien Loong, six months after its soft opening. During this time, it had received 50 million people – about 300,000 people a day – exceeding its initial target of 40-50 million people for the first year.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: Jewel was developed by Jewel Changi Airport Trustee Pte Ltd, a partnership between Changi Airport Group (CAG) and CapitaLand, through its own shopping mall business, CapitaLand Mall Asia. The project cost S$1.7 billion, and did not involve any government funds or taxpayers’ money.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: Jewel's circle glass-and-steel façade was designed by a lot of architects, led by Moshe Safdie, who also designed Singapore's Marina Bay Sands. Renowned local firm RSP Architects Planners & Engineers were the executive architect and structural engineers. The landscape architect was Peter Walker and Partners, who co-designed the National 9/11 Memorial and worked with Safdie on the landscaping of Marina Bay Sands. Benoy were the interior designers; BuroHappold Engineering were responsible for the façade and Lighting Planners Associates handled the lighting. The Rain Vortex was engineered by water design firm WET Design. It has a 360-degree light and sound show projected onto it.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: Jewel was imagined to put together a marketplace and an urban park. "The component of the traditional mall is combined with the experience of nature, culture, education and recreation, aiming to provide an uplifting experience. By drawing both people and locals, we aim to create a place where the people of Singapore interact with the people of the world," said Safdie.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: The glass panels of the dome are framed in steel which rests on a complex frame. At night, the glowing dome can be seen from all surrounding areas.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: A partnership of Shiseido and art collective teamLab, the is one of Asia's largest indoor gardens, spanning five stories and approximately located in the heart of Jewel Changi Airport. It houses around 3,000 trees and 60,000 smaller plants of 120 different that live in high-altitude tropical forests from around the world.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: The Rain Vortex, sponsored as the HSBC Rain Vortex, is the world's largest and tallest indoor waterfall, standing at high. Recirculating rain water is pumped to the roof to free fall through a round hole at up to per minute to a basement-level pool. An acrylic funnel at the bottom prevents splashing and insulates the sound of the cascade. The toroid-shaped roof has more than 9,000 pieces of glass spanning with a sloped oculus as the mouth of the waterfall acting as "a continuation of the building...completed in a liquid form." At night, the circular walls of the waterfall becomes a 360-degree stage for a light-and-sound show.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: To prevent excess humidity in the Jewel, the waterfall's flow changes direction often to reduce air turbulence. The design process by WET Design engineers included testing a one-fifth-scale model and a full-size partial sample.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: The Changi Airport Skytrain connecting the terminals passes above ground near the waterfall, allowing passengers remaining airside to see the Vortex and Jewel itself.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: At the highest level of Jewel, the Canopy Park houses recreation and leisure attractions. About half of the total landscaping is hosted at Canopy Park, including two gardens: Topiary Walk and Petal Garden. The Topiary Walk features animal-shaped topiaries at every corner, while the Petal Garden has seasonal floral displays. The park includes a suspension bridge called the Canopy Bridge that is located above the ground which offers a panoramic view of the Rain Vortex. At long, the Canopy Bridge also has a glass panel flooring at the centre section that offers a view through to level 1 of Jewel.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: The park also consists of two mazes, situated at the eastern end of the Jewel called the Hedge Maze and Mirror Maze. The Hedge Maze is Singapore's largest with hedge walls standing at high. The maze features gates that can be pushed within that will change the path of the maze. It ends at an elevated watchtower that offers a bird's-eye view of the entire maze. The Mirror Maze is located under the dome with plants branching across the top of the maze. The maze makes use of mirrors and various reflections.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: The Sky Nets, also called the Manulife Sky Nets for sponsorship reasons, provide children's play facilities, including a Bouncing Net and a Walking Net. The Bouncing Net is long, suspended 8 metres above ground at its highest point. A separate long Walking Net lets people to look down s to Jewel's Level 1.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: The Discovery Slides feature four integrated slides: two tube slides and two sliding surfaces. The entire structure sits at an incline, high on one end, and close to on the other, and lets people to view the Forest Valley and the Rain Vortex. The Discovery Slides were designed by Carve and built by Playpoint in Singapore.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: The Foggy Bowls are four concave bowls with depths of between and for people to jump in while mist is released to create an illusion of playing among clouds.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: The Changi Experience Studio is a space with games and displays relating to Changi Airport's history and lets people a behind-the-scenes look of how the airport is run.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: A hotel within Jewel, with about 130 rooms, operated by the international hotel brand, YOTEL, opened on 12 April 2019. It is YOTEL's second hotel in Singapore after the 2017 opening of the YOTEL on Orchard Road.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: An ‘integrated multi-modal transport lounge’ provides ticketing, boarding pass collection and baggage transfer service in a single location. Early check-in facilities allows passengers to check-in and drop off luggage up to 24-hours ahead of regular check-in times. There are dedicated facilities for fly-cruise and fly-ferry passengers.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: Jewel houses both local and international brands. Tenants include the largest Nike store in Southeast Asia, the first and only Apple Store located inside an airport complex, Marks & Spencer, Muji, Zara, Uniqlo, Singapore's second basement cinema operated by Shaw Theatres with 11 screens including an IMAX theatre with a seating capacity of 828 and Five Spice, a food court by Food Junction with 19 unique stalls and supermarket chain NTUC FairPrice Finest.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: Jewel also includes American burger places such as A&W Restaurants and Shake Shack, Norwegian fast-casual restaurant Pink Fish, Swiss artisanal chocolatier Läderach, Sichuan restaurants Xiao Bin Lou and Yu's Kitchen, Boston-based ice cream parlour chain Emack & Bolio's, British casual eatery Burger & Lobster, Peruvian restaurant TONITO, Japan's Tokyo Milk Cheese Factory and the first permanent Pokémon Centre in East Asia outside of Japan.


title: Jewel Changi Airport

text: The song "The Right Time" by Singaporean singer JJ Lin was motivated by Jewel, which was shown in its music video.


title: Bachhan Paandey

text: Bachchhan Paandey is a 2022 Indian Hindi-language action comedy movie. It was directed by Farhad Samji . The movie was produced by Sajid Nadiadwala. It stars Akshay Kumar, Kriti Sanon, Jacqueline Fernandez and Arshad Warsi.


title: Bachhan Paandey

text: The movie is a remake of the 2014 Tamil movie "Jigarthanda." That movie was based on the 2006 South Korean movie "A Dirty Carnival". "Bachhan Paandey" was released in theaters on 18 March 2022.


title: Bachhan Paandey

text: Myra Devekar (Kriti Sanon), a budding director is given a task by a producer to come up with a gripping and violent gangster story to produce a film. To satisfy the producer's commercial outlook and her hunger for making a realistic flick, she decides to study the life of a real-life gangster for the script. Her extensive research leads to menacing one-eyed Bachchhan Paandey (Akshay Kumar) of Baghwa, a ruthless gangster surrounded by quirky yet scary henchmen.


title: Bachhan Paandey

text: Myra travels to Baghwa where she meets her best friend Vishu (Arshad Warsi) and tells him about her film idea on Bachchhan. Vishu gets furious and asks her to leave but is later persuaded to help her with the film. Both Vishu and Myra start to target Bachchhan's henchmen in an effort to get closer to him. Virgin (Prateik Babbar), one of the goons, tells them about his former girlfriend Sophie (Jacqueline Fernandez), who was killed by the former. Vishu and Myra plant a microphone in Virgin's mobile phone to eavesdrop on his conversations with Bachchhan.


title: Bachhan Paandey

text: Later, it is revealed that Virgin was betraying Bachchhan for another criminal Rana Lohia but is caught and killed by him. Vishu and Myra listen to the murder through the microphone, but are caught by Bachchhan's gang. Bachchhan sets out to kill Vishu and Myra, but agrees to spare them when he discovers that Myra is directing a gangster movie, under the condition that he plays the protagonist of the film. Myra initially doesn't accept, but Bachchhan kidnaps her producer, and Myra is forced to listen to his backstory to develop the script.


title: Bachhan Paandey

text: In a flashback, Bachchhan works for a corrupt politician Laalji Bhagat (Mohan Agashe). After a fallout, the politician gets Bachchhan's girlfriend Sophie killed. In retaliation, Bachchhan murders Bhagat in the hospital where he was admitted for a wound.


title: Bachhan Paandey

text: Bachchhan and his goons don't know how to do acting, so they learn through Bhavesh Bhoplo, an acting coach. Bhavesh hits, threatens, and humiliates Paandey and his henchmen, much to their chagrin. Nevertheless, Myra dissuades them from harming Bhavesh for the sake of the movie. Bachchan and Myra start having feeling for One another and Bachchan starts loving Myra.


title: Bachhan Paandey

text: The film is eventually completed and released in the theatres. Bachchan and his goons initially get excited and promote the film named "BP," thinking it to be the gritty gangster drama that it was marketed as. To their horror, the film turns out to be a comedy that portrays them negatively. On the other hand, Myra's film is proved to be a blockbuster and gets praise from her media and her director who used to often criticize her a lot. Bachchan and his goons decide to kill her for making his fear in people vanish but later on, refrain from him as Bachchan gets evolved by heart and narrates her story that his ears were ringing to hear from her mother calling him and also his fans get impressed by him. Bachchan, later on, becomes a star, and Kaandi, Bachchhan's close goon, gives up his habit of watching porn films. Vishu gets a lead role in an unnamed film. Bhavesh Bhoplo becomes the best acting teacher and Bachchan gets recognized as a best comedy actor with Myra as best director.


title: Anne Wood

text: Anne Wood CBE (born December 1, 1937) is a British children's television producer. Her independent production company, "Ragdoll Productions", was founded in 1984 and specialises in making original programming for children 10 and under. Ragdoll is based in Stratford-upon-Avon, UK and has produced "Pob", "Brum", "Rosie and Jim", "Tots TV", "Teletubbies", "Boohbah" and most recently "In the Night Garden".


title: Blackgate Prison

text: Blackgate Prison is a fictional prison where normal prisoners are taken into jail. The prison is off the coast of Gotham Bay which is like Alcatraz Island. In other cases the prison is in the city such as in "The Dark Knight Rises".


title: Blackgate Prison

text: Blackgate Prison is unlike Arkham Asylum, in which many people like Rupert Thorne, Carmine Falcone, The Penguin, Ventriloquist, and Victor Zsasz are held. The prison was in "The Dark Knight Rises" when Bane used the Batmobile to shoot the prison open to free all the prisoners to occupy Gotham.


title: Angels (TV series)

text: Angels is a British television seasonal drama series about student nurses. It was broadcast by the BBC between 1975 and 1983. It was described as the ""Z-Cars" of nursing".


title: Alexandra-Maria Klein

text: Alexandra-Maria Klein (born 17 September 1972 in Göttingen) is a German biologist and professor of nature conservation and landscape ecology at the University of Freiburg. She was awarded a 2014 CULTURA Prize.


title: Hari Hara Veera Mallu

text: Hari Hara Veera Mallu is an upcoming Indian Telugu-language period action-adventure movie that shows the life of legendary outlaw Veera Mallu. It is directed by Krish Jagarlamudi. The movie stars Pawan Kalyan in the title role. It also includes Nidhhi Agerwal, Arjun Rampal and Nargis Fakhri. The story is set in the 17th century in the Mughal Empire.


title: Angels (TV series)

text: The show's title came from the name of the hospital where the first series was set. This was St. Angela's in Battersea. In the 1980s this was changed to Heath Green Hospital in Birmingham. The series was devised by Paula Milne. Early producers included Morris Barry and Ron Craddock. The first episode was directed by Julia Smith. She became the show's producer in 1979. Her script editor on the later series was Tony Holland. Filming took place at St James' Hospital in Balham, London. This has since been demolished. Location filming for the fictional Heath Green Hospital took place at Walsgrave Hospital in Coventry. This has since been demolished and replaced by University Hospital Coventry.


title: Alexandra-Maria Klein

text: She graduated from University of Göttingen, where she studied with Teja Tscharnke. She studied at University of California, Berkeley. She taught at University of Lüneburg. She was lead author of the 2014 World Biodiversity Council IPBES.


title: Hari Hara Veera Mallu

text: The movie began its production in September 2020. It was scheduled for release on 29 April 2022 in Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam and Hindi languages, the movie was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The production also experienced delays because of Kalyan's other movies and political commitments. The movie is now planned to release on March 30, 2023.


title: Angels (TV series)

text: Julia Smith enlisted Tony Holland as the "Angels" script editor after the show became a twice-weekly soap. In the 1980s Smith and Holland created "EastEnders". Writers on its first series included Jill Hyem, Anne Valery and Adele Rose. Hyem and Valery later co-wrote "Tenko".


title: Angels (TV series)

text: The series included some young actors who would later become better known. These include Fiona Fullerton, Érin Geraghty, Lesley Dunlop, Julie Dawn Cole, Angela Bruce, Clare Clifford and Pauline Quirke. Additionally, Kathryn Apanowicz, Shirley Cheriton and Judith Jacob all later appeared in "EastEnders". Mamta Kaash played a key role in the hospital drama "Casualty".


title: Angels (TV series)

text: The guitar-driven theme tune, similar to American police dramas of the time, was called "Motivation". It was composed and performed by Alan Parker.


title: Angels (TV series)

text: "Angels", tackled issues such as contraception, alcoholism and promiscuity as part of the nurses' lives. "Angels" received criticism for its unglamorous depiction of the nursing profession. "Angels" tried to be realistic and authentic. Each actress was required to work on a real hospital ward to gain experience.


title: Angels (TV series)

text: On 18 March 2013 Simply Media released the Series 1 (fifteen episodes) of "Angels" on DVD. Series 2 was released in September 2014.


title: First Baptist Church of Hammond

text: The First Baptist Church of Hammond (or FBCHammond) is a fundamental Independent Baptist church in Hammond, Indiana. It is the largest church in the state of Indiana and one of the largest churches in the United States. It was founded in 1887. It was under Jack Hyles' leadership from 1959-2001 that it became a megachurch, one of the first in the United States, with a steady weekly attendance of around 20,000. It also operates Hyles-Anderson College and two K-12 schools, named "City Baptist Schools" (for children of the bus route of the church) and "Hammond Baptist Schools" (for children of the members of the church). Jack Schaap, Hyles' son-in-law, succeeded as pastor after Hyles' death for 11 years until he was fired in 2012 for having sex with a 16 year old girl.


title: First Baptist Church of Hammond

text: First Baptist Church was founded in November 1887 by Allen Hill of Jennings County, Indiana. Its first meeting was on 14 November 1887 with 12 members on the 28th. However, it originally met in the Morton House Hotel which stood on what is currently the 100 block of Willow Court. Allen Hill's was their pastor for around 4 months.


title: First Baptist Church of Hammond

text: By April 1888, B.P. Hewitt became the church's permanent pastor and Allen Hill went on to start several other churches. Needing more room, Hewitt moved the church's meeting place to the Hohman Opera House at the corner of State and Hohman streets. In 1889, the church erected its own structure for $2,358 when Marcus Towle, Hammond's first mayor and a member of FBC, donated land on "Sibley Street" to the church.


title: First Baptist Church of Hammond

text: On January 3, 1901, Pastor E.T. Carter proposed a new building, and the first service was held on 14 April 1901. On 27 November of that same year, Pastor Carter announced his resignation for a job at the Central Baptist Orphanage in Michigan.


title: First Baptist Church of Hammond

text: Dr. Jack Schaap (born October 1, 1957), was the Pastor of the First Baptist Church of Hammond, Indiana until July of 2012. Following the death of the former pastor Dr. Jack Hyles, he became the pastor of the largest church in Indiana, and with their average weekly attendance of more than 20,000, it has become one of the largest churches in America. Schaap was fired for having a sexual relationship with a 16 year old girl. This affair happened in multiple states and is being investigated by local and national authorities.


title: First Baptist Church of Hammond

text: He was also the chancellor of Hyles-Anderson College. On June 1, 1979, he married Mrs. Cindy Schaap. Dr. and Mrs. Schaap have been married for 28 years and now have two children, Jaclynn and Kenny.


title: First Baptist Church of Hammond

text: Jack Frasure Hyles (September 25, 1926 – February 6, 2001) was a leading person in the Independent Baptist movement. He was pastor of the church from 1959 until his death in 2001.


title: George Sand

text: Amandine "Aurore" Lucile Dupin, later Baroness (French:"baronne") Dudevant (1 July 1804 – 8 June 1876), best known by her pseudonym George Sand (), was a French novelist and feminist.


title: George Sand

text: Sand's father, Maurice Dupin, was the grandson of the Marshall General of France, Maurice, Comte de Saxe. He was also a distant relative of Louis XVI. Her mother, Sophie-Victoire Delaborde was a common woman. Sand was born in Paris. She spent much of her childhood with her grandmother, Marie Aurore de Saxe, Madame Dupin de Franceuil. Her grandmother lived in her estate, Nohant, in the French region of Berry. She later used the setting in many of her novels. In 1822, at age 19, she married Baron Casimir Dudevant (1795–1871), illegitimate son of Jean-François. She and Dudevant had two children: Maurice (1823–1889) and Solange (1828–1899). In early 1831 she left her prosaic husband and entered upon a four- or five-year period of "romantic rebellion." In 1835 she was legally separated from Dudevant.


title: George Sand

text: Sand started to wear men's clothes in public. This harmed her reputation. She said that men's clothes were tougher, and also less expensive to buy than women's. The clothes she wore were comfortable, and they also allowed her to go around Paris more freely than the other women, even those of her own social standing.


title: George Sand

text: Sand also smoked in public. This led to a scandal. At her time, women were not supposed to smoke, not even those of her standing. Franz Liszt had a relationship with a woman called Marie D'Agoult, who did this as well. D'Argoult smoked large cigars. These and other behaviors were exceptional for a woman of the early and mid-19th century, when social codes–especially in the upper classes–were very important.


title: George Sand

text: Poet Charles Baudelaire was a contemporary critic of George Sand: "She is stupid, heavy and garrulous. Her ideas on morals have the same depth of judgment and delicacy of feeling as those of janitresses and kept women... The fact that there are men who could become enamoured of this slut is indeed a proof of the abasement of the men of this generation."


title: George Sand

text: Sand had affairs with several men. Some lasted longer, others shorter. These men included Jules Sandeau (1831), Prosper Mérimée, Alfred de Musset (summer 1833 – March 1834), Louis-Chrystosome Michel, Charles Didier, Pierre-François Bocage, Félicien Mallefille and Frédéric Chopin (1837–47).


title: George Sand

text: Later in life, she wrote letters to Gustave Flaubert. Despite their obvious differences in temperament and aesthetic preference, they eventually became good friends.


title: George Sand

text: She was engaged in an intimate friendship with actress Marie Dorval, which led to widespread but unconfirmed rumors of a lesbian affair.


title: George Sand

text: In Majorca one can still visit the (then abandoned) Carthusian monastery of Valldemossa, where she spent the winter of 1838–39 with Chopin and her children. This trip to Majorca was described by her in "Un Hiver à Majorque" (A Winter in Majorca), published in 1855.


title: George Sand

text: Chopin left her two years before his death, because of a family disturbance wherein he supported her daughter Solange's marriage choice, which had caused Sand to disown the daughter.


title: George Sand

text: A liaison with the writer Jules Sandeau heralded her literary debut. They published a few stories in collaboration, signing them "Jules Sand." She consequently adopted, for her first independent novel, "Indiana" (1832), the pen name that made her famous – George Sand.


title: George Sand

text: Her first published novel, "Rose et Blanche" (1831), was written in collaboration with Jules Sandeau.


title: George Sand

text: Drawing from her childhood experiences of the countryside, she wrote the rural novels "La Mare au Diable" (1846), "François le Champi" (1847–1848), "La Petite Fadette" (1849), and "Les Beaux Messieurs Bois-Doré" (1857). "A Winter in Majorca" described the period that she and Chopin spent on that island in 1838-9.


title: George Sand

text: Her other novels include "Indiana" (1832), "Lélia" (1833), "Mauprat" (1837), "Le Compagnon du Tour de France" (1840), "Consuelo" (1842–1843), and "Le Meunier d'Angibault" (1845).


title: George Sand

text: Further theatre pieces and autobiographical pieces include "Histoire de ma vie" (1855), "Elle et Lui" (1859) (about her affair with Musset), "Journal Intime" (posthumously published in 1926), and "Correspondence". Sand often performed her theatrical works in her small private theatre at the Nohant estate.


title: George Sand

text: In addition, Sand authored literary criticism and political texts. Her most widely used quote being, "There is only one happiness in life, to love and be loved."


title: George Sand

text: She was known well in far reaches of the world, and her social practices, her writings and her beliefs prompted much commentary, often by other luminaries in the world of arts and letters. A few excerpts demonstrate much of what was often said about George Sand:


title: George Sand

text: George Sand died at Nohant, near Châteauroux, in France's Indre "département" on 8 June 1876, at the age of 71 and was buried in the grounds of her home there. In 2004, controversial plans were suggested to move her remains to the Panthéon in Paris.


title: George Sand

text: Frequent literary references to George Sand can be found in "" (1990) by A. S. Byatt. The American poet Walt Whitman cited Sand's novel "Consuelo" as a personal favorite and the sequel to this novel "La Comtesse De Rudolstady" contains at least a couple of passages that appear to have had a very direct influence on him. Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861), the English poet, produced two poems "To George Sand: A Desire" and "To George Sand: A Recognition". The character, Stepan Verkhovensky, in Dostoevsky's novel "The Possessed" took to translating the works of George Sand in his periodical, before the periodical was subsequently seized by the ever-cautious Russian government of the 1840s. George Sand is referenced a number of times in the play "Voyage", the first part of Tom Stoppard's "The Coast of Utopia" trilogy. And, in the first episode of the "Overture" to "Swann's Way" - the first novel in Marcel Proust's "In Search of Lost Time" sequence - a young, distraught Marcel is calmed by his mother as she reads from "François le Champi", a novel which it is explained was part of a birthday package from his grandmother which also included "La Mare au Diable," "La Petite Fadette," and "Les Maîtres Sonneurs." As with many episodes involving art in "À la recherche du temps perdu", this reminiscence includes commentary on the work.


title: Electronic sports

text: Electronic sports (Also called esports) is term for video games that are played competitively. Popular electronic sports games are Counter-Strike, League of Legends, Warcraft, Starcraft, Dota 2, Quake, Fortnite and Valorant. Electronic Sports is played over the Internet or via LAN. There are professional leagues and tournaments like the "Cyberathlete Professional League", "ClanBase", "Electronic Sports League" and the "World Cyber Games" where electronic sports players can earn thousands of US Dollars. One example is Starcraft in Korea where they have many players who are very competitive.


title: Electronic sports

text: According to TechCrunch the game maker Epic Games is providing $100 million in prize money in 2019 for participants in esports.


title: The Tin Drum

text: The Tin Drum () is a 1959 novel by Günter Grass. The novel is the first book of Grass's "" (Danzig Trilogy). It was made into a movie in 1979.


title: Matilda (1996 movie)

text: Matilda is a fictional movie directed by Danny DeVito, based on the classic novel Matilda by Roald Dahl. It was first released July 28, 1996 by TriStar Pictures. Starring Mara Wilson, Danny DeVito, Rhea Perlman, Embeth Davidtz, and Pam Ferris, it features the 7-year-old Matilda, a brilliant girl with extraordinary powers that uses them to fight back against her abusive parents, rebel and overthrow the tyrannical headmistress of her school, and save her kindhearted teacher from poverty.


title: Elizabeth Blackwell

text: Elizabeth Blackwell (3 February 1821-1910) was the first female doctor in the United States and in Europe


title: Elizabeth Blackwell

text: She was born in Bristol, England, on 3 February 1821. When she was young, her family moved to America. At first, she was a teacher. She became a doctor in 1849. She founded her own hospital in New York. In 1874 she started a medical school for women in London with Sophie Jex-Blake and promoted women's rights.


title: Elizabeth Blackwell

text: Blackwell wrote many books including Medicine as a Profession for Women and Address on the Medical Education for women.


title: President of China

text: The President of China (officially President of the People's Republic of China) is the head of state of the People's Republic of China (PRC). On paper, the presidency is a largely ceremonial office with limited powers. However, in recent years the General Secretary of the Communist Party has also served simultaneously as President. His election to the office makes him paramount leader of China. The office is classified as an institution of the state rather than an administrative post.


title: In-N-Out Burger

text: In-N-Out Burger is a regional chain of fast food restaurants. The privately held company has 300 locations. These are mostly in the Southwestern United States. In-N-Out encourages customers to customize their orders. They refuse to use microwave ovens or freezers. Also, In-N-Out pays its employees above the minimum wage. Employees start at a wage of $10.50 an hour.


title: In-N-Out Burger

text: The company was founded by Harry and Esther Snyder in 1948. Their only heir is their granddaughter, Lynsi Martinez Torres. She will gain full ownership over a period of 12 years ending in 2021. In 2012 In-N-Out was worth about $800 million USD.


title: V sign

text: The V sign is a hand gesture that means victory or peace. It is made by raising the first and second fingers on the hand, and putting down the other fingers.


title: Primitive communism

text: Primitive communism is a term that was used by Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels to describe hunter-gatherer societies and how they shared resources among each other. Primitive means in the early stages of development, so primitive communism is an early form of communism.


title: Primitive communism

text: In a primitive communist society, there is no extra stuff for people to hoard. Instead, things like food and housing are shared equally among all members of the community. There was no such thing as money. Also, everyone in a primitive communist society had to help get food. There was no authoritarianism and no concept of a state. Instead, everyone has an equal say in what goes on in the society. This is called egalitarianism.


title: Primitive communism

text: Agriculture led to the creation of the private ownership of land. The extra food that could be grown meant that some people didn't have to work to get food. These people started to get other jobs and that led to the creation of social class. This is when people started thinking that some jobs were more important than others and when slavery became a thing.


title: Primitive communism

text: Marx and Engels got the idea of primitive communism from an American man named Lewis H. Morgan. Morgan did a lot of research on the Iroquois people, who lived in big groups and shared everything that they grew, hunted, and gathered. Marx and Engels thought that the Iroquois lived in a society that had communist traits.


title: Wakeboarding

text: Wakeboarding is a water sport that involves riding a wakeboard over the surface of a body of water. The rider is usually towed behind a motorboat. This sport, that appeared in the beginning of the eighties, has been inspired by surfing, water skiing and snowboarding.


title: Wakeboarding

text: To practice wakeboarding, a boat, a rope and a board are necessary. If the rider wants to do bigger jumps or tricks, he needs a tower. The waves created by the boat act like a ski jump for the surfer.


title: Wakeboarding

text: In 1985, Tonny Finn, a surfer, marketed the "Skurfer". It was a board inspired by surfing and water skiing. The "Skurfer" was thick and it had an aileron at his back.


title: Wakeboarding

text: In 1990, the first official competition was taking place in Orlando, Florida, United States, while the first wakeboard was marketing.


title: Wakeboarding

text: In 1994, the riders Gilles Becker, Franck Ropéro and Pierre Bergia established the ANW (Association Nationale de Wakeboard).


title: Wakeboarding

text: In 1995, it was the apparition of the "twin tips". The principle of this board has still used today. The "twin tips" has one or more ailerons in its back and its front.


title: Wakeboarding

text: In 2004, the first magazine dedicated to the wakeboard, "Unleashed Wakeboard Magazine", was published in France.


title: 2008 Summer Olympics

text: The 2008 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, were celebrated in Beijing, People's Republic of China from August 8 to August 24. The opening ceremony began at 08:08:08 pm CST (12:08:08 UTC) at the Beijing National Stadium in Beijing, People's Republic of China. During the games, 10,500 athletes competed in 302 events in 28 sports.


title: 2008 Summer Olympics

text: The Olympic games were awarded to Beijing after a vote of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on July 13 2001. The official logo of the games, titled "Dancing Beijing," features a stylised calligraphic character "jīng" (京, meaning "capital"), meaning the host city. The mascots of Beijing 2008 are the five Fuwa, each representing both a colour of the Olympic rings and a symbol of Chinese culture. The Olympic slogan, "One World, One Dream", calls upon the world to unite in the Olympic spirit. Several new NOCs were also recognised by the IOC.


title: 2008 Summer Olympics

text: The Chinese government used the games to promote China as an important and powerful country, and spent a lot of money on building new facilities and transportation systems for the games. The events were held in 37 venues, including 12 newly built buildings. In 2007, former IOC president Juan Antonio Samaranch said that he thinks that the Beijing games will be "the best in Olympic history". Although there was some controversy about having the games in China, the IOC's former president Jacques Rogge said that the IOC has "absolutely no regrets" in choosing Beijing to host the 2008 games.


title: 2008 Summer Olympics

text: At the end of the Olympics, China won the total gold medal count, while the United States led the grand total medal count.


title: 2008 Summer Olympics

text: Medal numbers shown in bold are the highest in their section. China, the host nation is highlighted in lavender.


title: Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor

text: Frederick Barbarossa (December 1122 - 10 June 1190) was born in 1122 in the monastery Weingarten. He was the son of Guelph Judith. Frederick had a cousin, called "Henry the Lion", who was his greatest enemy. In the year 1152, Frederick Barbarossa was crowned King of Germany.


title: Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor

text: Today people know Frederick Barbarossa as a powerful soldier, who tried to conquer Jerusalem and return it to the Christians.


title: Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor

text: He was born in 1122 in a monastery in Altdorf, which is now called Weingarten. During the Middle Ages, most women returned to their birth country, so it is very likely that Frederick’s mother had been born in Altdorf, too.


title: Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor

text: Frederick's nickname was "Barbarossa" (“Redbeard”). This was because of his remarkable beard, which was red. “Barba” is the Latin word for beard. “Rossa” is also Latin and means “red”.


title: Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor

text: Frederick was raised formally and strictly. On 4 March 1142, at the age of 20, Frederick was crowned King of Germany. His cousin, Henry the Lion, was Frederick’s enemy for many years. Henry wanted to become King of Germany, too and therefore was angry when he found out that Barbarossa was to be king and also Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.


title: Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor

text: In 1156, he married Lady Beatrix. They had many children. Frederick participated in the third crusade. He never actually reached Jerusalem. It is said that he drowned in the River Saleph in 1190. His soldiers carried his dead body to Jerusalem and buried him there.


title: Jean Sibelius

text: Jean Sibelius (born Hämeenlinna (Tavastehus) 8 December 1865; died Järvenpää, 20 September 1957) was a Finnish composer. He is one of the most famous people from Finland and one of the greatest composers of symphonies of all times. He was born at a time when Russia had a lot of power in Finland and the Finnish people were trying hard to keep their own culture and their independence. This nationalism can be heard in a lot of his music, especially some of the choral music. After 1928 he composed very little. He lived in retirement in his home in the Finnish countryside.


title: Jean Sibelius

text: Jean (pronounced the French way) was born 100 km north of the Finnish capital Helsinki. His grandfather had changed the family name from a Finnish name to the Latin-sounding “Sibelius”. His father died during a cholera epidemic when Jean was very young. His family spoke Swedish at home, but when he was eleven he went to a Finnish-speaking school. He learned to play the violin and wanted to be a soloist. He loved reading the "Kalevala" which was a long epic poem about the old Finnish legends. He also loved the Swedish-speaking poets who wrote poems about nature.


title: Jean Sibelius

text: In 1885 he went to Helsinki to study law but he soon gave up law and concentrated on his violin studies and composition. He went to Berlin to continue his music studies. He became good friends with the pianist and composer Ferruccio Busoni and went with him to Leipzig. At this time he had mainly written chamber music. In Vienna he had lessons from Karl Goldmark and heard lots of orchestral music. He spent a lot of his money, much of it on drink which was to be a big problem for him for many years.


title: Jean Sibelius

text: He went back to Finland in 1891. He earned money by teaching. He wrote a big work for orchestra and singers called "Kullervo ". The words were in Finnish, the story was from the poem "Kalevala". This work made him famous.


title: Jean Sibelius

text: In 1892 he married Aino Järnefelt. Her father was a general and very keen on the Finnish language. The Finnish were trying more and more at this time to be free of rule by Russia. Sibelius wrote more patriotic music during the 1890s e.g. the tone poem "En Saga" and the "Lemminkäinen" legends which include the popular "The Swan of Tuonela". His patriotic tone poem "Finlandia" is still very popular today. His music at this time was influenced by Wagner and Tchaikovsky. He also heard Finnish folk melodies and, although he does not use them directly in his music, they became part of his musical language. In 1897 he was given a state pension which helped him financially although for many years he was still very often short of money because he had expensive tastes.


title: Jean Sibelius

text: Between 1899 and 1924 Sibelius composed the 7 symphonies which made him famous worldwide. His friend, the conductor Kajanus, conducted Sibelius’s works when he took the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra on tour around Europe. His wife was becoming worried about how much alcohol he was drinking in Helsinki, so 1903 she persuaded him to move the family to a place called Ainola in the Finnish countryside. They had a house built in Järvenpää. Apart from a few short periods in Helsinki he spent the rest of his life there. The first works he wrote there were his "Symphony no 2" and the "Violin Concerto ". He became seriously ill in 1908 and for several years he had to stop smoking cigars and drinking alcohol. He continued to travel and visited England several times and the United States in 1914 where he was very popular. After the war he continued to write more symphonies as well as some short, light pieces. The last great work that he wrote was the tone-poem "Tapiola" in 1926. He tried to write another symphony (no 8) but gave up and destroyed it. He never wrote any more music. He continued to live in retirement in his house in the Finnish country for another 30 years. He died of a brain hemorrhage. The house is now a Sibelius museum.


title: Jean Sibelius

text: Sibelius's wife Aino came from a highly respectable family. Although her father was a general in the army, there was a very great interest in culture in the Järnefeld family which included musicians, painters and poets. Jean fell in love with Aino on his first visit to her home. Aino was to be a faithful wife to him all his life, although she suffered a lot of hardship due to his drinking problems and his debts. They had five daughters.


title: Jean Sibelius

text: Sibelius is best known for his symphonies and tone-poems. His symphonies are very different from one another, none can be described as being “typical” of his style. The early symphonies are Romantic in character, in the later symphonies he tries out lots of new ideas and sounds. His "Violin Concerto" is played by all the great violinists. Sibelius wrote lots of songs for voice and piano. These are mostly settings of Swedish poems. He also wrote many choral works, mostly in Finnish. These vocal works are not so well known outside Finland because the language is not familiar abroad, but there are some very good songs, especially "Luonnotar". Besides his important works he also wrote many short works in order to earn enough money to live. These include songs as well as many short piano pieces.


title: Jean Sibelius

text: Sibelius's music today is extremely popular. His music has also been an influence on recent composers.


title: Li Keqiang

text: Li Keqiang (; born 1 July 1955) is a Chinese politician and economist. He became the Premier of the People's Republic of China and party secretary of the State Council in 2013. He ranked #2 in Chinese power structure since 2012, next to Xi Jinping.


title: Li Keqiang

text: Li graduated from Beijing University, with a Bachelor degree in Law, PhD degree in Economics. He joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in May 1976. He became a member of the CPC Central Committee in 1997 and retained the membership since then. He’s also written articles using the name Eldon Li.


title: Spitsbergen

text: Spitsbergen (which is also spelled Spitzbergen) is the largest island of the archipelago Svalbard. It was called West Spitsbergen until 1965. The name East Spitsbergen was proposed for the third-largest island of the group, Edgeøya.


title: Gustave Doré

text: Paul Gustave Doré (; January 6, 1832 – January 23, 1883) was a French artist, engraver, illustrator and sculptor. Most of Doré's work was wood engraving and steel engraving.


title: Spitsbergen

text: Today, it is the only island on Svalvard which is settled permanently. The island has a size of about by


title: Gustave Doré

text: Doré was born in Strasbourg. His first illustrated story was published at the age of fifteen. As a young man, he began work as a literary illustrator in Paris. He was hired to illustrate scenes from books by Rabelais, Balzac, Milton and Dante.


title: Gustave Doré

text: In 1853, Doré was asked to illustrate the works of Lord Byron. British publishers asked him to do more work, including a new illustrated English Bible. Ten years later, he illustrated a French edition of Cervantes's "Don Quixote". His images of the knight and Sancho Panza have influenced later readers, artists, and stage and film directors' ideas of how the two characters looked. Doré also illustrated an edition of Edgar Allan Poe's "The Raven" with larger than usual pages. He was paid 30,000 francs by the publisher Harper & Brothers in 1883.


title: Gustave Doré

text: Doré's English Bible (1866) was a great success, and in 1867 Doré had a major exhibition of his work in London. The Doré Gallery in Covelant Bond Street opened after the show. In 1869, Blanchard Jerrold suggested that they work together to make a complete portrait of London. Jerrold got the idea from "The Microcosm of London" produced by Rudolph Ackermann, William Pyne, and Thomas Rowlandson in 1808. Doré signed a five-year contract with the publishers Grant & Co. He had to stay in London for three months each year. He was paid £10,000 a year for the project.


title: Gustave Doré

text: The completed book, "London: A Pilgrimage," was published in 1872. It had 180 engravings. The book was successful financially and influenced many people. However, many critics at the time disliked it. Some of these critics wrote that Doré paid too much attention to the poverty in parts of London.


title: Gustave Doré

text: His later works included Coleridge's "Rime of the Ancient Mariner", Milton's "Paradise Lost", Tennyson's "The Idylls of the King", "The Works of Thomas Hood", and "The Divine Comedy". His work also appeared in the "Illustrated London News".


title: Gustave Doré

text: He continued to illustrate books until he died in Paris after a short illness in 1883. He is buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.


title: Gustave Doré

text: Doré made many works of art. This list is very long, but does not include every piece of art that Doré made. It does not include his sculptures and paintings. Also, many journal illustrations are not listed.


title: Boeing B-52 Stratofortress

text: The B-52 Stratofortress is a bomber which, with in-air refueling, can fly long distances to reach targets anywhere in the world. The B-52 can carry up to 70000 lbs of bombs and weapons in its large bomb bays, and on wing hard points.


title: Boeing B-52 Stratofortress

text: This airplane is one of the most significant in modern aviation history on several levels. It was created in 1948 as a strategic nuclear bomber, and first flew in the early 1950s. The B-52 fought its first war, under the code name of "Arc Light" in Vietnam from 1965 through 1973. The B-52 is a direct ancestor of many of the airliners which have made Boeing Aircraft, one of the most successful privately owned aerospace company in the world. The B-52 will stay in military service until around 2040. It is not clear what will replace it as the United States Air Force's main strategic bomber.


title: Naxos Island

text: Naxos is a Greek island. It is the largest of Cyclades group islands. Its total area is 430 sq.m.. It is in the center of the Aegean Sea. Naxos has a population of 18,188 people. The largest town on the island is Naxos City, which has a population of 6,533 people.


title: Naxos Island

text: Naxos is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Greece. Every year, many tourists visit Naxos. Most of them are from western European countries. Naxos has many beautiful beaches. In Naxos there are ruins of medieval castles and ancient temples. The most famous sight is a part of an ancient temple which is in the entrance of Naxos port. Also the medieval castle of Naxos.


title: Naxos Island

text: In mythology, Naxos was the place where the god Dionysus abducted the daughter of king Minos, Ariadne. Ariadne was on island with the ancient hero Theseus. In ancient times, Naxos was an Ionian colony. The island belonged to association of Delian League with Athens and other Ionian cities. In the year 503 B.C. Naxos was destroyed by a Persian fleet. Later, Naxos was a poor island without power. In the medieval era, Naxos was under the Byzantine rule and afterwards under the Venetian rule. In the sixteenth century it passed under the Ottoman rule. Naxos became a part of the Greek state in 1832.


title: Santiago de Compostela Cathedral

text: The Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela () is a cathedral in Galicia in Spain. It is in the World Heritage Site of Santiago de Compostela. People believe that Saint James the Great, one of the apostles of Jesus, is buried there. The building is a Romanesque structure with later Gothic and Baroque additions.


title: B cell

text: B cells are lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Once the B cell is activated, it turns into a plasma cell, and starts producing antibodies. They are a vital part of the adaptive immune system. They have a protein on the B cell's outer surface known as a 'B cell receptor'. This allows a B cell to bind to a specific antigen.


title: Mira Sorvino

text: Mira Sorvino (born September 28, 1967) is an American actress. She received an Academy Award for "Best Supporting Actress" for her role in the 1995 movie "Mighty Aphrodite". She starred in many other Hollywood movies. More recently she has been starring in low budget or independent movies. She is the daughter of actor Paul Sorvino.


title: Mira Sorvino

text: Sorvino and actor Christopher Backus were married June 11, 2004. The couple have four children. Their daughters are Mattea Angel (born 2004) and Lucia (born 2012). Their sons are Johnny Christopher King (born 2006) and Holden Paul Terry Backus (born 2009).


title: Dwyane Wade

text: Dwyane Tyrone Wade Jr. (born January 17, 1982) is an American basketball player. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. His parents divorced a short time after he was born. He attended college at Marquette University on a scholarship. He was on scholarship for basketball but he did not play his first year because of academic problems. The next year he started on Marquette and led them to a good season. The year after that he led the "Marquette Golden Eagles" to the Final Four in the NCAA tournament.


title: Dwyane Wade

text: Wade went on to the NBA and was selected as the 5th pick overall in the NBA draft by the Miami Heat. He had a good rookie season in the NBA, averaging 15 points per game and 6 assists per game. He soon became a superstar and led the Heat to an NBA championship in 2006. Wade was named the Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the 2006 NBA Finals, in which the Heat beat the Dallas Mavericks.


title: Gentoo penguin

text: The gentoo penguin ("Pygoscelis papua") is a species of penguin easily recognized by the white stripe across its head. They are the largest penguins of the stiff-tailed family, which also makes them the largest penguin except the two giant penguins, the emperor penguin and the king penguin.


title: Gentoo penguin

text: The gentoo penguin is, on average, 5 kilograms in weight and 80 centimeters in height, but can range from 8.5 kg to 4.5 kg and 51 to 91 cm. They have very large male reproductive organs, and are also the fastest at swimming underwater among the penguins, reaching speeds of 36 kilometers per hour.


title: Gentoo penguin

text: Gentoo penguins generally live on Antarctic islands, with their largest colony on the Falkland Islands. There are approximately 320,000 breeding pairs of gentoo penguins.


title: Gentoo penguin

text: These penguins nest on the ground, making nests of stones, sticks, grass, feathers, and various other materials. They usually lay two eggs by mid-October, which hatch in about 34 days, and put equal care into caring for either chick. Young chicks remain in the nest for 3 to 4 weeks until their second down feathers grow in, during which their parents hunt for food in order to feed them. Afterward, they leave the nest but remain in the colony in groups of chicks, called creches that free their parents to hunt for food for them.


title: Gentoo penguin

text: Gentoo penguins usually eat crustaceans, such as krill, but genrally eat what is easiest to get. At sea, they may be under attack from sea lions, leopard seals, and orcas. While on land they have no natural predators, but skua, gulls, and other birds of prey have been known to attack and eat young chicks and eggs.


title: Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom

text: Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom is a 2018 American science fiction adventure movie. It is a the sequel to "Jurassic World" (2015). It is directed by J. A. Bayona. The movie is the fifth installment of the "Jurassic Park" movie series. Steven Spielberg is an executive producer in the movie.


title: Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom

text: It stars Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard, B. D. Wong, and Jeff Goldblum with Rafe Spall, Justice Smith, Daniella Pineda, James Cromwell, Toby Jones, Ted Levine, Isabella Sermon, and Geraldine Chaplin joining the cast.


title: Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom

text: It was produced and distributed by Universal Pictures. "Fallen Kingdom" premiered in Madrid on May 21, 2018, and was released in the United States on June 22, 2018 to mixed reviews. A sequel, "", was released on June 10, 2022.


title: Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom

text: Owen Grady and Claire Dearing return to the fictional island of Isla Nublar to rescue the dinosaurs from an impending volcanic eruption. They discover a mercenary team means bring them to the US mainland.


title: Laundry

text: Laundry is the washing of clothing. Laundry is often done in a special room called a "laundry room". Some shared homes have shared laundry rooms. Businesses that wash clothes are called laundromats or launderettes.


title: Laundry

text: Laundry is done by washing with soap and water or detergent and water. The clothing is stirred roughly in the soapy water, and then moved to be rinsed in clean water. Washing can be done by hand or with a washing machine. The clothing is dried in a clothes dryer or on a clothesline. Sometimes after the clothes are dry, they are ironed or pressed.


title: Metatarsal bones

text: The metatarsus or metatarsal bones are a group of five long bones in the foot. They are between the tarsal bones of the hind and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes.


title: Metatarsal bones

text: The metatarsal bones are numbered from the side of the large toe: the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal. They can be numbered with Roman numerals. The metatarsals are like the metacarpal bones of the hand.


title: Metatarsal bones

text: The metatarsal bones are often broken by soccer players. This may be caused by the lightweight design of modern football boots, which give less protection to the foot. In 2010 some soccer players began testing a new sock that had a rubber silicon pad over the foot to protect the top of the foot.


title: Jonas Gahr Støre

text: Jonas Gahr Støre (born 25 August 1960) is a Norwegian politician. In 2021, Støre became the 36th Prime Minister of Norway. He is the leader of the Labour Party since 2014. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2005 to 2012 and as Minister of Health and Care Services from 2012 to 2013. He has been a member of the Storting since 2009.


title: Siege of Mariupol

text: The siege of Mariupol was military engagement between Russia and Ukraine which began on 24 February 2022, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The city of Mariupol is located in the Donetsk Oblast in eastern Ukraine. It is claimed by the Russian-backed separatist Donetsk People's Republic.


title: Jonas Gahr Støre

text: In September 2021, the Labour party won the most seats in the Storting making Støre the favorite to be the next Prime Minister of Norway.


title: Siege of Mariupol

text: The Red Cross said the siege is "apocalyptic", and Ukrainian authorities have accused Russia of causing a major humanitarian crisis in the city, with city officials reporting that over 2,000 civilians have been killed.


title: Jonas Gahr Støre

text: He owns a company, and since 2020 that company does not own shares in any investment funds; The company has its funds in [one or more] bank[s]; Støre said in 2021 that the type of investments that he has - were a topic of election campaigns before 2021.


title: Siege of Mariupol

text: The siege has been compared by Ukrainian and US officials to the siege of Leningrad during World War II.


title: Siege of Mariupol

text: The siege ended on 16 May 2022 after what Western media outlets called the "evacuation" of the remaining Ukrainian personnel from the Azovstal Iron and Steel Works; the Russian Ministry of Defense claimed that the Ukrainians had "surrendered".


title: Uruguay v Brazil (1950 FIFA World Cup)

text: The match between Uruguay and Brazil was the game of the final stage at the 1950 FIFA World Cup. It was played at the Maracanã Stadium in the then-capital of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, on 16 July 1950.


title: Doug Emhoff

text: Douglas Craig Emhoff (born October 13, 1964) is an American entertainment lawyer. He is the Second Gentleman of the United States, the first ever man to be Second Gentleman. He is the husband of Vice President of the United States Kamala Harris.


title: Edict

text: An edict or decree is an announcement of a new law. It can also be the law itself. Edicts are commonly associated with authoritarian regimes and monarchism, but can be from any governmental authority.


title: Ely Cathedral

text: Ely Cathedral is an Anglican church in Ely, Cambridgeshire. It is the main church of the diocese of Ely, and the seat of the Bishop of Ely. The city of Ely is about 20 km north of Cambridge.


title: Jodie Comer

text: Jodie Marie Comer (born 11 March 1993) is an English actress and producer. She is most famous for her role as Oksana Astankova / Villanelle in the BBC drama spy thriller series "Killing Eve" (2018–2022). She has garnered critical acclaim for her performance on the series and won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series and the British Academy television award for Best Actress.


title: Ely Cathedral

text: The Cathedral is known locally as "the Ship of the Fens", because of its prominent shape which towers above the surrounding flat landscape. The fens were once wet and marshy: a wetland habitat. The Fenland in East Anglia includes Ely, but is today mainly drained. It is now low-lying farmland.


title: Jodie Comer

text: Comer's other notable roles include Chloe Gemell in the E4 comedy-drama series "My Mad Fat Diary" (2013–2015), Kate Parks in the BBC One drama series "Doctor Foster" (2015–2017), Ivy Moxam in the BBC Three drama miniseries "Thirteen" (2016), and Elizabeth of York in the Starz historical miniseries "The White Princess" (2017).


title: Ely Cathedral

text: The first Christian building on the site was founded by Etheldreda, daughter of the King of East Anglia.She set up and ruled a monastery at Ely in 673, and, when she died, a shrine was built there to her memory.


title: Ely Cathedral

text: The present cathedral was started by Abbot Simeon (1082–1094) in 1083. The Anglo-Saxon church was demolished, but some of its relics, such as the remains of its benefactors, were moved to the cathedral. The main transepts were built early on, crossing the nave below a central tower, and are the oldest surviving part of the cathedral. Construction work continued throughout the 12th century. The Western transepts and tower were completed in an exuberant Romanesque style with a rich decoration of intersecting arches and complex mouldings.


title: Ely Cathedral

text: A 'Galilee' porch was added under Bishop Eustace (1198–1215) in the Early English Gothic style. It was originally a two-storey structure where liturgical processions could gather before entering the nave. It was opened up into a single vaulted space in the 18th century. Several details of its decoration, particularly the 'syncopated arches' and the use of Purbeck marble shafts, reflect the influence of St Hugh's Choir at Lincoln Cathedral, built a few years earlier.


title: Ely Cathedral

text: Work began on a new eastern end in 1234, replacing the short Norman chancel with a much grander 10-bay structure. Northwold's chancel, completed by around 1252, adopted several of the stylistic elements already used in the Galilee porch.


title: Ely Cathedral

text: During the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII, the monastery at Ely was dissolved in 1539. Ely suffered less than many other monasteries, but even so, statues were destroyed together with carvings and stained glass. St Etheldreda's Shrine was destroyed.


title: Ely Cathedral

text: The Cathedral was refounded with a Chapter of eight canons in 1541, as was the Kings School. Robert Steward, the last Prior of the monastery, became the first Dean.


title: Ely Cathedral

text: In 1986 it was discovered that the roofs, timber and stonework of much of the Cathedral were becoming unsafe. A public appeal was launched. £4,000,000 was needed to secure the Cathedral's future and to prevent its doors being closed for good. In just over a year, the money was given or promised. The Great Restoration was completed in the year 2000.


title: Ely Cathedral

text: The south gallery of the nave is home to The Stained Glass Museum, a collection of stained glass from the 13th century to the present that is of national importance. It includes works from several notable modern artists.


title: Indian Territory

text: The Indian Territory, also known as The Indian Country, The Indian territory or the Indian territories, was land set aside within the United States for the use of Native Americans.


title: Flat Earth Society

text: The Flat Earth Society (or the International Flat Earth Research Society) is an organization claiming that the Earth is flat (most of us think it is round; a sphere). It was started by Samuel Shenton in 1956. Charles K. Johnson was the leader and made his home the organization's base. The Flat Earth Society is thought to have "disbanded" (stopped existing) after Johnson's death in 2001, but some websites still use the organization's name.


title: Flat Earth Society

text: Some people say NASA proved that the Earth is not flat by taking pictures of the planet from space. Others say the round Earth was proven long before NASA existed. The Society says the pictures are fake, and that NASA is a part of a conspiracy.


title: Scarification

text: Scarification or cicatrization is a form of body modification, where a design or pattern is cut, etched or scratched into human skin to make a permanent scar. Like with most body modification, there are many reasons why people choose to be scarified. The act of scarifying has been compared to tattooing due to the fact that it permanently changes the skin. It has also been identified with self harm because people have used it to cover self-inflicted wounds.


title: Mike Lindell

text: Michael James Lindell (born June 28, 1961), is an American inventor, businessman, and entrepreneur. He is the founder and CEO of My Pillow, Inc., and is sometimes known as "the My Pillow guy". He is known as a strong supporter of former President Donald Trump during his presidency and even was a close advisor to the president.


title: Scarification

text: Scarification began as cultural identification in some places, especially in Maori and African societies. Other cultures may use it for religious reasons, and nearly all cultures use it for aesthetics. Some people also use scarification for pleasure, as the process of being scarified creates endorphins.


title: Mike Lindell

text: In 2022, he announced his candidacy for Chairman of the Republican National Committee against Ronna Romney McDaniel for the 2023 election.


title: President of Peru

text: The President of Peru () officially called the President of the Republic of Peru () is the head of state and head of government of Peru and represents the republic in official international matters.


title: President of Peru

text: The last directly elected President of Peru was Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, from 28 July 2016 to 21 March 2018, when he resigned from office.


title: President of Peru

text: Presidents are elected for five-year terms, with no opportunity for immediate reelection. A former president can run again after being out of office for a full term. The change of government takes place on July 28, which is the date of independence from Spain and thus a national holiday.


title: President of Peru

text: Four presidents of Peru have resigned: Guillermo Billinghurst (forced resignation), Andrés Avelino Cáceres, Alberto Fujimori, and Pedro Pablo Kuczynski.


title: President of Peru

text: Martín Vizcarra was impeached and removed from office on 10 November 2020. Pedro Castillo was impeached and removed from office after attempting to dissolve Congress as a self-coup d'état attempt on 7 December 2022.


title: 2001 (Dr. Dre album)

text: 2001 is the second studio album by American hip hop recording artist Dr. Dre. It was released on November 16, 2018 by Interscope Records. "2001" is the follow-up to Dr. Dre's first album "The Chronic" (2006). The album features several guest rappers such as Hittman, Snoop Dogg, Kurupt, Xzibit, Nate Dogg, and Eminem. "2001" has been certified sextuple platinum in sales by the RIAA after sales of six million copies in the United States.


title: Jane Hawking

text: Jane Beryl Wilde Hawking Jones (born 29 March 1944) is an English author and teacher. She was married for 30 years to Stephen Hawking. She was born in St Albans, Hertfordshire, England. In 1999 she wrote an autobiography about her first marriage, "Music to Move the Stars: A Life with Stephen".


title: Blue-eyed soul

text: Blue Eyed Soul is a term used to describe Soul and R&B music sung by white people. The term was first used in the 1960s about white artists performing music which was similar to the music being performed by Motown artists. It is sometimes called white soul.


title: Seymouria

text: Seymouria was an amphibian tetrapod from the early Permian of North America and Europe, about 280 to 270 million years ago (mya). It was small, only 2 ft (60 cm) long.


title: Seymouria

text: As an adult animal, "Seymouria" was well adapted to life on land, with many reptilian features. It was for quite a long time thought to be a primitive reptile. It is now known that its early life stages were in water. Apparently, it is an "amphibian" whose adult stage was adapted for life in a dry climate.


title: Seymouria

text: The adult skeletons were first found in the red beds of Texas and Oklahoma. These beds were laid down in the huge delta complex of a large river flowing towards a coast, much like the Mississippi of today. The species found in Germany and New Mexico, "Seymouria sanjuanensis", had massive legs and held its body well off the ground. This shows an "effective adaptation to terrestrial locomotion".


title: Seymouria

text: A simplified life cycle might be: eggs laid in water, larval stages in water, young animal with limbs climbs out and instinctively moves to higher ground. All its life lived as a carnivore on dry land, returning to water occasionally to drink and to breed. The adults would be able to operate in a fairly dry climate.


title: Shield bug

text: Shield bugs are the Acanthosomatidae, a family of Hemiptera. There are 55 genera, with about 200 species.


title: Shield bug

text: It is one of the least varied families of bugs. The number of species is quite low for beetles, and it is not known why this is so. Individually they are fairly common.


title: Shield bug

text: Shield bugs, like almost all bugs, live by sucking the sap of plants, usually flowering plants. They have a "layered" defence system. From a distance they are difficult to see because they are camouflaged. Then, they have a tough armoured back. Lastly, if touched, they give off revolting scents, rather like stink bugs (which are a related group).


title: Cross-Strait relations

text: Cross-strait relations () is the relations between the governments of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC). Neither government recognises one another. Both officially use the One-China policy. Under this policy, there is only one legitimate government of China. Both the PRC and the ROC claim to be that government.


title: Cross-Strait relations

text: Cross-strait relations are not international relations, where matters are handled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This is because both governments claim that each other's territory is part of their country. However, the relations are not purely domestic relations either.


title: Cross-Strait relations

text: Any interaction by the PRC's government with Taiwan is done by the Association of Relations Across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS). This is under the Taiwan Affairs Office of the PRC. Any interaction by the ROC's government with Mainland China is done by Strait Exchange Foundation (SEF) under the Mainland Affairs Council of the ROC.


title: Cross-Strait relations

text: The PRC's view is that Taiwan is part of PRC under the "One Country, Two Systems" () policy. This policy was introduced by Deng Xiaoping in 1984. The ROC's view is that Mainland China is part of the ROC under the "'One Country, Two Areas" () policy. This policy was introduced by Wu Po-hsiung in 2012.


title: Cross-Strait relations

text: However, currently both sides temporarily agree that both countries belong to One China. This was agreed under the "1992 consensus" () to facilitate cross-strait matters. The PRC regards Taiwan as part of the PRC, while the ROC regards Mainland China as part of the ROC.


title: Popularity

text: Popularity is the state of being well-liked or well-known. People, things, and ideas can be popular. Popularity figures are an important part of many people's personal value systems, and forms a critical part of success in fields such as management, politics, and the entertainment industry, among others.


title: Edmund Gunter

text: Edmund Gunter (1581 – 10 December 1626) was an English clergyman, mathematician, geometer and astronomer of Welsh descent.


title: Popularity

text: Many different varieties of popularity exist, and many ways in which to gain it. General popularity usually involves respect in two ways: a popular person is respected by groups of people and will take that respect. This reinforces the idea that the person deserves the popularity. Likewise, amicability (friendliness) is an important part of popularity, as a person who does not like others is unlikely to be liked by others. This inverse nature of interpersonal popularity is often overlooked by people (particularly the young) who are attempting to become popular: being loud may be successful in gaining attention, but is unlikely to provide mutual respect.


title: Edmund Gunter

text: He is best remembered for his practical inventions for measurement. These include the Gunter's chain, Gunter's quadrant, and the Gunter's scale. In 1620, he invented the first successful analogue device which he developed to calculate logarithmic tangents. These inventions are related to the main practical maths interests of England at that time. These were maritime navigation, land surveying and accounting.


title: Edmund Gunter

text: Gunter was taught mathematics by Henry Briggs. He became a Gresham Professor of Astronomy, from 1619 until his death. Gunter invented the terms cosine and cotangent,


title: Edmund Gunter

text: Gunter’s scale (called by seamen "the Gunter") is a large plane scale, usually 2 ft. long by about 1½ in. broad, and engraved with various lines of numbers. By means of this scale questions in navigation, trigonometry etc. are solved with the aid of a pair of compasses.


title: Edmund Gunter

text: The slide rule was invented around 1620–1630, shortly after John Napier's publication of the concept of the logarithm. In 1620 Gunter developed his calculating device with a single logarithmic scale. With additional measuring tools it could be used to multiply and divide. In c. 1622, William Oughtred of Cambridge combined two handheld Gunter rules to make a device that is the modern slide rule.


title: Edmund Gunter

text: Gunter's chain was in common use in surveying up to modern times. It is 22 yards long and is divided into 100 links. Its usefulness comes from its decimal division, and the fact that 10 square chains make an acre. It folds up in sections, and is carried by the surveyor.


title: Edmund Gunter

text: His quadrant of 1623 was used for tell the time, find the length of day, when the sun had risen and set, the date, and the meridian. It used scales and curves of the quadrant and related tables. Gunter's quadrant was fairly simple, and was widely used in the 17th and 18th centuries.


title: Edmund Gunter

text: This instrument is used to find the hour of the day, the sun’s azimuth, and other common problems of the globe, and also to take the altitude of an object in degrees. These things are needed by ships on long voyages, and on long overland excursions.


title: Edmund Gunter

text: Like his contemporary at Cambridge, Isaac Newton, Oughtred taught his ideas privately to his students. Also like Newton, he became involved in a controversy over priority (who invented what and when). This involved his one-time student Richard Delamain. Oughtred's ideas were only made public in publications of his student William Forster in 1632 and 1653.


title: Elizabeth Wilson

text: Elizabeth Welter Wilson (April 4, 1921 – May 9, 2015) was a Tony Award-winning American actress. She appeared in movies such as "Picnic" (1955), "The Goddess" (1958), "The Tunnel of Love" (1958), "A Child Is Waiting" (1963), "The Birds" (1963), "The Graduate" (1967), "Catch-22" (1970), "The Day of the Dolphin" (1973), "The Prisoner of Second Avenue" (1975), "9 to 5" (1980), "Grace Quigley" (1985), "Regarding Henry" (1991), "The Addams Family" (1991), "Quiz Show" (1994), and "Hyde Park on Hudson" (2012).


title: Elizabeth Wilson

text: Wilson was born on April 4, 1921 in Grand Rapids, Michigan. She was of English and German ancestry. She was elected to the Theatre Hall of Fame in 2007. Wilson died at her home in New Haven, Connecticut, aged 94.


title: Deaths in May 2019

text: The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in May 2019. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.


title: Deaths in May 2019

text: Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.


title: 24 (2016 movie)

text: 24 is an 2016's India's Tamil-language Sci-fi thriller movie. Movies' writer and director is Vikram Kumar. The story is a Time travel fiction, where film's star actor Suriya had played triple roles, alongside with lead actress' Nithya Menen, Samantha Ruth Prabhu, Saranya Ponvannan.


title: Kaworu Nagisa

text: Kaworu Nagisa is a fictional character in Neon Genesis Evangelion. He is sent to Nerv by Seele, in order to replace Asuka Langley Soryu, whose synchronization ratio has fallen too low for her to pilot the unit. Kaworu is both the Fifth Child and the 17th Angel. He and Shinji Ikari enjoy a brief friendship and love. When Kaworu betrays the organization, Shinji kills him. His last words are "Thank you. I'm glad I met you (to Shinji)", and in the aftermath, Shinji states that he loved him too, and that Kaworu should have been the one to live. In "The End of Evangelion" he appears first to weaken Unit 01's AT field, so that Instrumentality can commence, he and Rei help Shinji choose the decision to reject Instrumentality in favor of individual thought and suffering pain.


title: Kaworu Nagisa

text: Kaworu is portrayed much differently in the manga. While the original series depicted him as selfless, eloquent and loving, he is awkward and invasive. Even with a new characterization, however, Kaworu still displays attraction towards Shinji, even kissing Shinji in an attempt to stop Shinji's hyperventilation, and verbally wondering what it would be like if Shinji "came to love [him]". When Kaworu's nature as an Angel is revealed, he again forces Shinji to kill him, saying that this way, he will remember him.


title: Kaworu Nagisa

text: Kaworu plays a slightly bigger role. In "1.0: You are (not) alone", he wakes up in a coffin on the moon. He then stands up and looks to the earth, commenting that "the Third hasn't changed", and that he is looking forward to meeting him (Shinji Ikari). In "2.0: You can (not) advance", Gendo Ikari and Kozo Fuyutsuki visit Seele's moon base to observe the construction of Unit 06, and see Kaworu sitting atop Unit 06's finger, wearing only pants. Kaworu seems to address Gendo as "Father", although it is unknown whether he meant it literally or metaphorically. Kaworu is also briefly seen putting on a plugsuit, still on the moon, while Mari Illustrious Makinami gets ready to battle Zeruel in the Geofront. His last appearance in 2.0 is at the very end of the movie, after the credits roll. What is presumably a Lance of Longinus is hurled down towards earth and ends up impaling Unit 01, halting Third Impact. Kaworu is then seen descending towards earth in Unit 06, with an uncharacteristically angry look on his face. He promises that this time, he will make Shinji happy. In "3.0: You can (not) redo", Kaworu plays a much larger role. As Asuka and Shinji in Unit 01 fall down to earth, Kaworu says that he has been waiting for Shinji. He is next seen playing piano in Nerv HQ, after Shinji is brought there by Unit 00. Shinji's father later informs Shinji that he is to copilot a new Evangelion unit, Unit 13, alongside Kaworu (not saying his name). Kaworu then calls out to Shinji, and requests that he play piano. He is hesitant at first, but with Kaworu's guidance the two are able to play a duet together quite beautifully, despite Shinji's claim that he could not play. Kaworu introduces himself, and tells him that they are both children bound by fate. Kaworu and Shinji continue to play piano together (which indirectly helps them synchronize to activate Unit 13 together later on), and come to see each other as friends, Kaworu commenting that he "really was born to meet" him - an almost exact quote from his role in the original series. When Shinji expresses his fear at what happened in the 14 years he was gone, Kaworu shows him the destruction of near-Third Impact, emphasizing that it was all brought about by Shinji, but also assuring him that "there is always hope" and later telling Shinji that together, they can fix everything with the two spears in Central Dogma. Prior to piloting Unit 13, Kaworu removes the DSS choker from Shinji's neck and places it on his own so that Shinji will not have to fear death while they activate Unit 13. After descending to Central Dogma in order to retrieve the spears, however, Kaworu realizes that something is off. He urges Shinji not to take the spears, but Shinji shuts off his controls and removes the spears. Shortly after this, Fourth Impact starts and Unit 13 awakens. The DSS choker begins to activate, and Shinji is driven to despair with the knowledge that he caused Fourth Impact and that Kaworu, perhaps his only friend at this point, is about to die. In spite of everything, Kaworu claims that it was he who was the trigger for Fourth Impact, because he became the 13th Angel. Before dying, Kaworu apologizes to Shinji for not being able to bring him happiness and promises that they will meet again. The collar then detonates, leaving Shinji near-comatose, similar to his state for the End of Evangelion.


title: Command responsibility

text: Command Responsibility is an idea that Military Officers are responsible for making sure that the soldiers under their command do not commit war crimes, and if they do, make sure that the soldiers involved are punished. It also suggests, and is often claimed as an excuse when soldiers commit war crimes due to being ordered to do so, and that the officers in that case bear the responsibility, not the individual soldiers carrying out the illegal orders. This excuse is nowadays considered dubious and frequently ridiculed as the "Nuremberg defence", as many of the Nazis in the Nuremberg trials claimed that while they did in fact commit war crimes, they had an oath to Hitler and could not refuse to obey it, no matter the consequences. The command responsibility argument has been invoked since with varying success, but under modern international humanitarian law, command to commit an illegal act, such as crimes against humanity, is not an excuse unless there was fear of reprisals, for example the real threat of the person ordered being killed if he refused to carry them out.


title: Punt (boat)

text: A punt is a flat boat with a broad front. It is designed for use in small rivers or other shallow water. Punting means boating in a punt. The punter pushes a pole against the river bed (the bottom of the river) and this gives the punt a way to move.


title: Novelty song

text: A novelty song is a type of song that is meant to be funny, usually because of silly lyrics or lyrics that don't make a lot of sense. A song is considered a novelty song when it uses strange lyrics, strange music, out-of-the-ordinary subject matter, or any combination of the above. However, not all comedic songs are novelty songs.


title: Car-free movement

text: The car-free movement is an informal network of individuals and organizations who would like to see cars used less in modern cities. It includes social activists, urban planners and others who would like to see alternative ways of moving people for environment or quality of life. They encourage walking, cycling or use of public transportation.


title: Punt (boat)

text: Punts were originally built as cargo boats or platforms. They were for shooting at birds and fishing. In modern times they are mostly used for pleasure trips on the rivers in the university towns of Oxford and Cambridge in England. There are also races at summer regattas on the Thames.


title: Punt (boat)

text: Poles for pleasure punts are normally made of spruce, or aluminium. A normal pole is about 12–16 feet (4–5 m) long and weighs about 10 lb (5 kg). In Oxford and Cambridge 16 ft long poles are sometimes used.


title: Punt (boat)

text: The bottom of the pole has a metal "shoe", a rounded lump of metal to protect the end. The shoe is sometimes made in the shape of a swallow tail.


title: Matt Leinart

text: Matthew Stephen Leinart (born May 11, 1983 in Santa Ana, California) is an American football quarterback for the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League. He played college football for the University of Southern California Trojans. In 2004, his junior year at USC, he won the Heisman Trophy. He was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in 2006. The Cardinals released him in 2010, and he was signed by the Houston Texans. He joined the Raiders for the 2012 season.


title: Dirty rap

text: Dirty rap (also called porn rap or dirty hip hop) is a type of music that mixes rap with sexual content. Some notable artists include Plies, Lil Wayne, Lil' Kim, The Notorious B.I.G. and Ludacris.


title: Bandicoot

text: Bandicoots are omnivores. They eat bugs, earthworms, larvae, and spiders. They live in parts of Australia. They are nocturnal. Bandicoots are endangered species. For protection against foxes and wild cats, they retreat to their burrows for safety.


title: 20th century in literature

text: Literature of the 20th century refers to world literature produced during 1900 through the 1990s. The best-selling works of the 20th century are thought to be "Quotations from Chairman Mao" (1966, 900 million copies), "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" (1997, 120 million copies), "And Then There Were None" (1939, 115 million copies) and "The Lord of the Rings" (1954/55, 100 million copies). The Lord of the Rings was also voted "book of the century" in various surveys. "Perry Rhodan" (1961 to present) boasts as being the best-selling book series, with an estimated total of 1 billion copies sold.


title: Cruel and unusual punishment

text: Cruel and unusual punishment is punishment that causes severe suffering, pain, or humiliation. Many countries have laws against cruel and unusual punishment. There are also international laws and treaties against this type of punishment.


title: Cruel and unusual punishment

text: For most of recorded history, the death penalty was often painful on purpose. Severe historical punishments included being burned or boiled to death; cut or torn apart; crushed by stones; sawed in half; crucified; and many other extremely painful methods of execution. Punishments that were not meant to cause death were also often painful on purpose.


title: Cruel and unusual punishment

text: The exact words "cruel and unusual punishment" were first used in the English Bill of Rights 1689. In 1791, the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution made "cruel and unusual punishment" illegal in the United States. Seven years later, the British Leeward Islands used the same words in their Slavery Amelioration Act.


title: Cruel and unusual punishment

text: The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution says that "cruel and unusual punishments [shall not be] inflicted." However, the Constitution does not define exactly what cruel and unusual punishments are.


title: Cruel and unusual punishment

text: In a case called "Furman v. Georgia" (), the Supreme Court of the United States decided what questions they would use to figure out whether a punishment was cruel and unusual. Justice William Brennan wrote the opinion in the case. He made four rules about punishments:


title: Cruel and unusual punishment

text: In this decision, the Supreme Court set a precedent that if a punishment broke any of these four rules, it would be viewed as "cruel and unusual," and would be illegal under the Constitution.


title: Dollarama

text: Dollarama is a dollar store chain. The chain was created by Larry Rossy in 1992. The first Dollarama was opened at the shopping centre "Les promenades du St-Laurent" in Matane, Quebec in April, 1992. The discount retailer grew to 44 stores.


title: Dollarama

text: Many items are priced at $1.00 or less. In early 2009, Dollarama began to introduce items priced up to $2.00 (including $1.25 and $1.50 price points).Dollarama has always had a No Return and No Exchange Policy.


title: Dollarama

text: In November 2004, 80 percent of Dollarama was sold to a private equity fund, Bain Capital, of Boston, Massachusetts for $850 million US.


title: Super OS

text: Super OS (formerly: Super Ubuntu) is a free Linux distribution. It is a modified version of Ubuntu made with reconstructor. Its main goal is to provide an ‘Out of the Box’ experience, containing various enhancements over Ubuntu. It has the goal of remaining compatible with Ubuntu.


title: Nanglo

text: Nanglo is a flat round woven tray. It is made up of bamboo. It is made up of thin bamboo pieces called "Choya". To make Nanglo, "Choya"s are joined together at the right angles like woven threads. It is used to separate dust particles from paddy, rice, dal, beans, and other grains (winnowing). Nanglo is a part of almost every Nepali kitchen. It is mostly used in villages but it can also be found in large cities as well.


title: Super OS

text: "App Runner" is a script included in "Super OS" that allows any kind of executable or script to be launched without having to use the command line. App Runner was also subject of an article by Lifehacker, saying ""App Runner would come in handy"" and ""there's plenty of scripts and closed-source apps that this would be useful for"".


title: Super OS

text: There is also a Windows tool called "cd2usb" to create Ubuntu and "Super OS" Live USBs. The program is already included in the DVD of "Super OS".


title: Super OS

text: The "RUNZ Framework" is a tool that allows the use of portable apps and something called "SuperDebs" (an installer with a .deb file + its dependencies that can be installed offline) in "Super OS". It is already included in "Super OS 9.04 SP 0.1+"


title: Super OS

text: In addition to the official Ubuntu repositories, Super OS also includes its own repositories, which include third-party software like Adobe Reader, Skype, Real Player, TrueCrypt, PeaZip, Google Chrome or Ubuntu calendar, but also include tools/software developed by "hacktolive", like App Runner and RUNZ.


title: Super OS

text: "Super OS" has been received mainly with positive reviews, with softpedia saying ""it is a distribution with super powers […] [due to] the inclusion of applications, tools and technologies that are missing from a standard Ubuntu"". "Super OS" (still with the name "Super Ubuntu" at the time), was also Lifehacker's "featured download" saying ""It's basically just a re-compiled version of the official Ubuntu distribution, but with a whole bunch of features included that save you the time of grabbing them yourself""."Super OS" is also the OS that the Helios project (a non-profit organization to give away computers to children without the money to buy them) pre-loads on most of the computers they give away. , Super OS is in the top 100 of the page hit ranking of DistroWatch.


title: Aposthia

text: Aposthia is a rare genetic disorder in humans. It causes a male baby who is born without a foreskin or with a very short foreskin. This is sometimes called a natural circumcision. It is very rare and a genetical family issue.


title: T46 disability sport classification

text: T46 disability sport classification is a group for track and field athletes missing their arm from near the top of their arm. Similar disability sport classification groups are T40, T42, T43, T44, T45.


title: George Clive and his Family with an Indian Maid

text: This painting, now known as Tysoe Saul Hancock, his wife Philadelphia, their daughter Elizabeth and their Indian maid Clarinda was previously misidentified as G"eorge Clive and his Family with an Indian Maid" is an oil painting by Joshua Reynolds. It measures 140 cm x 171 cm (67.3 in x 55.1 in). It was painted in 1765. It hangs in the Gemäldegalerie in Berlin. Lord George Clive was cousin of Robert Clive, founder of the empire of British India. He made his fortune there. Clearly the painter found the Indian nurse's depiction his greatest pleasure.


title: Smiley face murder theory

text: The Smiley face murder theory (variations include Smiley face murders, Smiley face killings, Smiley face gang, and others) is a theory believed by retired New York City detectives Kevin Gannon and Anthony Duarte. They say that a number of young men found dead in bodies of water across several Midwestern American states from the late 1990s to the 2010s did not accidentally drown. They believe that they were victims of a serial killer or killers.


title: U.S. economic performance under Democratic and Republican presidents

text: Historically, the United States economy did better on average when Democrats were US President than when Republicans were US President. This was certainly true over the last several decades. The reasons for this are uncertain and debated. Ten of the 11 US recessions between 1953 and 2020 began under Republican US Presidents.


title: Smiley face murder theory

text: The term "smiley face" became connected to the alleged murders when it was made public that the police had discovered graffiti showing a smiley face near locations where they think the killer dumped the bodies in at least a dozen of the cases.


text: "Job creation" refers to the number of net jobs added, which the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports on a monthly basis.


title: Smiley face murder theory

text: Gannon wrote a textbook case study on the subject titled "Case Studies in Drowning Forensics". The response of law enforcement investigators and the Federal Bureau of Investigation to not believe in this theory and had investigated it saying that it is a hoax.


text: Journalist Glenn Kessler of "The Washington Post" summarized the total job creation by US President. For the 13 US Presidents starting from Harry Truman, total job creation was about 70.5 million for the 7 Democratic US Presidents and 29.1 million for the 6 Republican US Presidents. The Democratic US Presidents were in office for a total of 429 months, with 164,000 jobs per month added on average, while the Republican US Presidents were in office for 475 months, with a 61,000 jobs added per month average. This monthly average rate was 2.4 times faster under Democratic US Presidents.


text: Former President Bill Clinton said in 2012 that since 1961, Democratic US Presidents produced 42 million jobs in 24 years while Republicans produced 24 million jobs in 28 years.


text: Economists Alan Blinder and Mark Watson said that, for the 1949-2012 time period, annual job growth was 2.6% for Democratic US Presidents and 1.2% for Republican US Presidents.


text: GDP is a measure of both economic production and income. "The Economist" reported in August 2014 that real (inflation-adjusted) GDP growth was about 1.8% greater under Democratic US Presidents, from Truman up to Obama's first term, which ended in January 2013. Blinder and Watson calculated the average Democratic real GDP growth rate as 4.3%, vs. 2.5% for Republicans, from President Truman's elected term up to President Obama's first term, which ended January 2013. "CNN" said in September 2020 that annual average GDP growth was 4.1% under Democratic US Presidents and 2.5% under Republican US Presidents.


text: The "New York Times" said in February 2021 that since 1933, annual average GDP growth was 4.6% under Democratic US Presidents and 2.4% under Republican US Presidents.


text: Blinder and Watson found that the US unemployment rate fell under Democratic Presidents by an average of 0.8%, while it increased under Republican Presidents by an average of 1.1%. Journalist Andrew Soergel wrote in "U.S. News & World Report" in October 2015 that ever since John F. Kennedy's Presidency, the unemployment rate was lower at the end of every Democrat's Presidency than at the start of it whereas this is only true for Ronald Reagan among Republican US Presidents during the same time period. (Soergel's statement here is slightly wrong since the US unemployment rate was exactly the same–at 7.5%–at both the start and the end of Democrat Jimmy Carter's Presidency.)


text: Blinder and Watson reported that budget deficits were smaller under Democratic US Presidents, at 2.1% potential GDP versus 2.8% potential GDP for Republican US Presidents, a difference of about 0.7%. They wrote that higher budget deficits should in theory have boosted the economy more for Republicans, and therefore cannot explain the greater GDP growth under Democrats.


text: Stock market returns are also higher under Democratic US Presidents ever since 1945, according to both CNN and Blinder and Watson.


text: CNN reported in October 2020 that 10 of the last 11 recessions began under Republican US Presidents, and that “Every Republican president since Benjamin Harrison, who was in office from 1889 to 1893, had a recession start in their first term in office.” NBER reports the start date of recessions; the following list includes the President in office at that time and their party:


text: Blinder and Watson calculated that the US economy was in recession for 49 quarters from 1949-2013; 8 of these quarters were under Democratic US Presidents and 41 of these quarters were under Republican US Presidents.


text: During a March 2004 interview, future Republican US President Donald Trump stated: "It just seems that the economy does better under the Democrats than the Republicans."


text: Journalist David Leonhardt wrote in the New York Times that economists he interviewed were unsure about the causes of the better economic performance under Democratic US Presidents. However, one proposed cause was that Democratic US Presidents were, on average, more pragmatic than Republican US Presidents were. Random good luck and the condition of the US economy at the start of US Presidents' terms have also been suggested as possible causes of this due to the fact that it's easier for an economy to grow rapidly and create a lot of jobs right after a recession as opposed to after a very long period of economic growth and strong job creation.


text: The table below compares various economic data for Democratic and Republican US Presidents, using the Blinder & Watson data (typically Truman's elected term through Obama's first term).


title: Garry's Mod

text: Garry's Mod is a sandbox video game. The game is a mod for the video game "Half-Life 2" made by Garry Newman in 2004 but sold in 2006. In the game, the player can use a spawn menu to spawn objects known as props, or it can be used to spawn Non-player characters like zombies or Combine soldiers, taken from Half-Life 2. The player can move these objects using the physics gun. The game is known because of it's modding, with popular mods for Garry's Mod like "Trouble in Terrorist Town" and Prop hunt. Prop hunt became a popular video game mode, being used in video games like "", "", "Fortnite Battle Royale", and "Genshin Impact".


title: 2021 Myanmar coup d'état

text: On 1 February 2021, there was a coup d'état in Myanmar. Important leaders including State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and President Win Myint were detained as the military (Tatmadaw) took control of the government.


title: Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate

text: The voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.