title: Coal ball

text: Thin sectioning was an early procedure used to analyse fossilised material contained in coal balls. The ball was cut into thin sections with a diamond saw. Then it was flattened and polished with an abrasive. Then it was examined under a microscope. This is the procedure which was carried out by Hooker and Binney. The time needed, and the poor quality of samples produced, led to a more convenient method.


title: Jane Byrne

text: Jane Margaret Byrne (May 24, 1933 – November 14, 2014) was the first female mayor of Chicago. She served from April 16, 1979 to April 29, 1983. Chicago is the largest city in the United States to have had a female mayor as of 2012.


title: Jane Byrne

text: Byrne was born on May 24, 1933 in Chicago, Illinois. She studied at DePaul University. She was married to William Byrne from 1956 until his death in 1959. Then she was married to Jay McMullen from 1978 until his death in 1992. She had a daughter, Kathy by William Byrne. William Bryne died in an airplane accident.


title: British Rail Class 220

text: The Class 220 "Voyager" is a class of diesel-electric high-speed multiple-unit trains built by Bombardier Transportation for the British train operating company Virgin Trains, but are now operated by CrossCountry. They are air-conditioned throughout, with powered doors and a top speed of . They were introduced to replace the thirty-year-old High Speed Train and Class 47 fleets. The trains were built between 2000 and 2001 and the first train entered service on 5 June 2001.


title: Substitute teacher

text: A substitute teacher is a person who is paid to teach a school class when the normal teacher cannot be there. This may be if the normal teacher is sick or out of town. The term "substitute teacher" is often used in the United States, but in the United Kingdom, the term supply teacher is often used. In Victoria, Casual relief teacher (CRT) is the term used.


title: Texas Two-Step

text: The Texas Two-Step is a dance that originated in 1845 when Texas was first founded. Within 2 months, the founders of Texas (Davie Rocket, John Menger III, Chris Alamo, and Antonio Sanders) adopted the dance as a staple of Texas heritage. Historians still argue about if the dance originated after the successful Battle of the Bulge or the war of 1899 with Houston.


title: Texas Two-Step

text: The dance is performed by putting your lead foot behind your support foot while simultaneously twisting your pelvis in a counter-clockwise motion, being sure to point your toes toward your partner. Keep in mind, the entirety of the dance is completed by two Texas sized steps (around 4.2x as large as a standard U.S. step). What follows these two steps is a series of freestyle movements that vary between performers. For example, Davie Rocket adopted the "Hemisfair" movement, where you proceed to grab your partner by the pinky and swing her around your head similar to the motion of a lasso.


title: Texas Two-Step

text: The Texas Two-Step and other forms of step related lone star dances have become a cultural staple of the state down under. Bordering states have attempted to plagiarize this dance in ways of their own, but to no avail. For example, Louisiana created the Boot Stompin' Bop, until it faded into obscurity in 1923 after the housing market crash. Arkansas native Dick Rutherford created the Whiskey Slammer Toe Spinner, but 2 minutes into the debut of the dance, Dick was shot in the Golden Monkey Saloon. The only dance to remain a southern tradition as much as the Texas Two-Step, is the Texas Two-Step.


title: Texas Two-Step

text: Many notable individuals have been seen in public performing the famous dance. Tom Alamodome, John "Hand-Standin'" Johnson, and Brett were all sighted at Shiner Park performing the moves of the golden days. They were all sighted by Eva Longoria, former Spurs trophy wife.


title: Physique

text: Physique is the makeup (build, constitution, figure, form, shape) of a person's body. Constitution or body type refer to a number of classification systems used to empirically or theoretically classify the body shape of human individuals.


title: Audiovisual Communicators

text: Audiovisual Communicators, Inc. is a Philippine radio network. Its main headquarters is located on the 17th Floor, Strata 2000 Bldg., F. Ortigas Jr. Rd., Ortigas Center. and soon at the Maple at Verdant Towers in Pasig. ACI operates Top 40 stations across major cities in the Philippines under the Monster Radio branding.


title: U.S. Interior Highlands

text: The U.S. Interior Highlands is a mountainous region. It is found in the Central United States. It spans from northern and western Arkansas, southern Missouri, eastern Oklahoma, and extreme southeastern Kansas. The highest place in the U.S. Interior Highlands is Mount Magazine which is 2,753 ft (839 m) high.


title: Tri-Cities, Tennessee

text: The Tri-Cities is the area with the cities of Kingsport, Johnson City, and Bristol. It also includes the smaller towns and communities around it in Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia. All three cities are located in Northeast Tennessee, while Bristol has a twin city of the same name in Virginia. It is the 6th biggest Combined Statistical Area (CSA) in Tennessee by the number of people living in it.


title: Keith Farmer

text: Keith Farmer (1987 - 10 November 2022) was a Northern Irish motorcycle racer. He was four time national champion. He has been described as "one of Northern Ireland's most successful motorcyclists".


title: Audiovisual Communicators

text: On September 27, 2022 Audiovisual Communicators, Inc. Its AM provincial stations in Dagupan, Laoag, La Union


title: Keith Farmer

text: Farmer became 2011 National Superstock 600 Championship champion 2012 and 2018 National Superstock 1000cc champion. He also became 2017 British Supersport Championship champion. Farmer was a member of prominent BSB teams, including the Paul Bird Motorsport team, Buildbase Suzuki and TAS Racing. Farmer retired in 2012 due to injuries from accidents.


title: Hawaiian Punch

text: Hawaiian Punch is the name of a brand of sweetened fruit punch drinks owned by Dr Pepper/Seven Up, Inc. (DPSU). It was created in 1934 by A.W. Leo, Tom Yates, and Ralph Harrison as an ice cream topping, and customers later discovered that it was an appealing drink when mixed with water.


title: Andrea Radrizzani

text: Andrea Radrizzani (born 10 September 1974) is an Italian businessman and the majority owner of Premier League club Leeds United. He is also the chairman and founder of the sports broadcasting group Eleven Sports.


title: Daphne (singer)

text: Daphne Njie Efundem (born 20 September 1989) known professionally as Daphne is a Cameroonian singer. She's also best known for her own song "Rastafari".


title: Hawaiian Punch

text: In 1962, the character of Punchy was introduced in a commercial for Hawaiian Punch, eventually becoming the product's mascot. His long-time saying is "Hey, how about a nice Hawaiian Punch!"


title: Andrea Radrizzani

text: Radrizzani was born in Rho, a metropolitan area of Milan. He graduated with a degree in public relations from IULM University in 1996.


title: Daphne (singer)

text: Daphne was born in Buea to a Bakweri father and a Banyangi mother. She grew up in Douala, Cameroon. She has lived in Yaoundé, Buea in the Southwest Region, and even abroad.


title: Hawaiian Punch

text: The Fruit Punch is the name of a brand of sweetened fruit punch drinks owned by Dr Pepper/Seven Up, Inc. (DPSU). It was created in 1928 by Los Angeles, California, and Red Buttons as an ice cream topping, and customers later discovered that it was an appealing drink when mixed with water.


title: Daphne (singer)

text: She has always been a big fan of CeCe Winans, Mary Mary, Bébé Manga and Frank Edwards. Her modern music tastes include Tiwa Savage and Rihanna, but she says they have not influenced her own work. Technically speaking, the most important thing for her when writing a song is to find the right melody because "melodies carry emotions". Daphne's captivating voice is often compared to a fairy. She admits that she "would like to touch the hearts of people who have stopped believing in their dreams, in their lives; who only think of running away.<nowiki>"</nowiki>


title: Hawaiian Punch

text: In 1988, the character of Peep was introduced in a commercial for The Fruit Punch, eventually becoming the product's mascot. His long-time saying is "Hey! How about a nice Fruit Punch!"


title: Spero Dedes

text: Spero Dedes (born February 27, 1979) is a Greek-American sportscaster employed by MSG, CBS, and NFL Network. He is the host of NFL Total Access.


title: Tujhyat Jeev Rangala

text: The series premiered on 3 October 2016 from Monday to Saturday at 7.30 pm by replacing "Nanda Saukhya Bhare".


title: Tuya Inc.

text: Tuya Inc. is a Chinese company that works with AI and IoT solutions. The Tuya Smart platform deals with home automation.


title: Spero Dedes

text: Dedes was born in Panamus, New Jersey. Before working with CBS, he called NFL games on Fox in 2004 as well as the New Jersey Gladiators of the Arena Football League. Dedes was the radio voice of the Los Angeles Lakers from 2005-2011. He was expected to replace Joel Meyers, but signed a contract with the New York Knicks instead.


title: Tuya Inc.

text: In 2020, Tuya co-hosted a conference abiur smart solutions on the South-East Asian market. Over 200 companies operating in the field of IoT were at the conference.


title: Spero Dedes

text: Meyers now calls games for the New Orleans Hornets. While at NFL Network, he has called BCS games and NFL Preseason Games for the network. He called the 2004 Summer Olympics on NBC for field hockey at the age of 25. This made him the youngest member of an Olympic Game broadcast for NBC. He also called college football and basketball games for Westwood One.


title: John Turner (Mayflower passenger)

text: John Turner (c.1590 – winter of 1620/21) was a passenger on the historic "Mayflower" voyage with his two sons. Turner was also one of the signers of the Mayflower Compact.


title: Is It the Beat?

text: "Is It The Beat?" is a song by American singer Selena. The dance-pop song peaked at number four on the US Hot Dance Club Songs. It was also the English version of "Enamorada de Ti". Selena had recorded several versions for this song. She had performed the freestyle version at live concerts in 1989-1991. The single was not released until after Selena's murder. It was included in the movie soundtrack in 1997. It was released with dance-club remixes.


title: Moldovan Canadians

text: Moldovan Canadians are Canadians of full or partial Moldovan. According to the 2011 Census, there were 8,050 Canadians who claimed Moldovan ancestry.


title: Hilario Candela

text: Hilario Candela (June 4, 1934 – January 18, 2022) was a Cuban-born American architect. He was best known for his design of the Miami Marine Stadium on Virginia Key, Florida. Candela was born in Havana, Cuba. He also helped design the Knight Center Complex and some campuses at the University of Miami and Miami Dade College.


title: John Turner (Mayflower passenger)

text: Turner probably came from Great Yarmouth in the county Norfolk, where there were several Turner families at that time.


title: Moldovan Canadians

text: In 2010, the first Moldovan Orthodox church, with services in the Romanian language, has been established for the Moldovan community in Montreal, Quebec, which has over 3,500 Moldovan families.


title: John Turner (Mayflower passenger)

text: Turner was one the original group who moved to Leiden Holland in 1610 to escape religious persecution with William Bradford and William Brewster. Turner was a merchant and a (political official) of Leiden.


title: John Turner (Mayflower passenger)

text: Many of these people lived in Middelburg, Holland. This is located in Zeeland. Turner also delivered mail to the Separatists from their family and friends in England. Turner also brought cargoes of English pewter from London to Holland. He also carried letters between people in Leiden and London. On June 10, 1620, Turner carried information to the congregation on the progress of their planned trip to the New World.


title: John Turner (Mayflower passenger)

text: Turner left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the "Mayflower" reached land at Cape Cod hook. They landed on November 21. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other. John Turner signed the Mayflower Compact. The "Mayflower" was supposed to land in Virginia Colony, but the ship was too damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor.


title: John Turner (Mayflower passenger)

text: After they landed, Turner was part of the group who went out on exploratory trips to look for permanent places to live. Turner was one of the "Mayflower" passengers who would make first contact with the Indians.


title: John Turner (Mayflower passenger)

text: Turner also had a daughter Elizabeth, who stayed in Leiden. She would have been one year old. Elizabeth Turner married and travelled to New England before October 1635. She joined the Salen Church.


title: John Turner (Mayflower passenger)

text: Turner and his sons died sometime in the winter of 1620/21. Turner was buried in Cole's Hill Burial Ground in Plymouth, presumably in an unmarked grave as with most "Mayflower" passengers who died in that first winter. Their names are all on the Pilgrim Memorial Tomb on Coles Hill as “John Turner and two sons.”


title: Carl Wheezer

text: Carlton Ulysses Wheezer is a fictional character from the American computer animated television series created by John A. Davis and Steve Oedekerk. Characterized by his extreme obsession with llamas and trademark high-pitched voice, he is one of Jimmy’s best friends.


title: 1960 Turkish coup d'état

text: The 1960 Turkish Coup d'état was the first ever attack on the Turkish democracy, which took place on May 27th 1960. The coup which took place at a time of political and economic unrest, was led by a group of young Turkish military officers who were acting outside the interest of the government. The coup was led by the military officer Colonel Alparslan Türkes who was a member of the junta (National Unity Committee) and had been one of the first officers trained by the US in 1948 to from a stay-behind counter-guerrilla. The coup was carried out against the ruling Democratic Party led by Prime Minister Adnan Menderes. Eventually, on May 27th the military overcame the government and the prime minister and president were tried for reason and ultimately resulted in the execution of Menderes.


title: Independence Day (Pakistan)

text: Independence Day (; "Yāum-e-Āzādi") is a holiday in Pakistan. It has been celebrated every year on 14 August since 14 August 1948. On that date, British India became an independent country, the Dominion of Pakistan. (The Dominion of Pakistan became today's Islamic Republic of Pakistan in 1956, on Republic Day.) It commemorates the day when Pakistan achieved independence and was declared a sovereign state following the end of the British Raj in 1947. Pakistan came into existence as a result of the Pakistan Movement, which aimed for the creation of an independent Muslim state in the north-western regions of British India via partition. The movement was led by the All-India Muslim League under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The event was brought forth by the Indian Independence Act 1947 under which the British Raj gave independence to the Dominion of Pakistan which comprised West Pakistan (present-day Pakistan) and East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). In the Islamic calendar, the day of independence coincided with Ramadan 27, the eve of which, being Laylat al-Qadr, is regarded as sacred by Muslims.


title: Carl Wheezer

text: The character was played by voice actor Rob Paulsen who also provides the vocals for his alien equivalent Doppy in its spin-off series Planet Sheen.


title: 1960 Turkish coup d'état

text: Kemal Mustafa, better known as Ataturk, was president of Turkey from the founding of his political party that ruled under a single party system, the Republican People's Party (RPP), in 1923 until his death in 1938. Still, after Ataturk’s death, the RPP kept its hold over the government. The RPP continued in power but did not actually fulfill its promises, therefore Turkish people became discontent with Ataturk’s authoritarian regime and were ready to embrace political change. In that context the elections of 1950 played a key role in Turkey's democracy. The political tide changed when the Democratic Party (DP) took the lead not only in the elections but also in popular acceptance. This popular acceptance towards the DP came from their representation including rural citizens in comparison to the elite that governed through the RPP's government. The 1950 elections were also the first free elections that had been held in Turkey, and thus it would bring a democratically chosen government into power after years of Ataturk's and the RPP's regime in office. The DP won the elections, placing Adnan Menderes as Prime Minister.


title: Carl Wheezer

text: A glasses-wearing boy with very low intelligence and one of Jimmy’s best friends, Carl is characterized by his unhealthy obsessions of llamas which is a running gag throughout the series. Aside from said obsession he is a slight coward to Judy who he had developed a crush on as shown in a few dozen episodes alongside her husband Hugh. His unhealthy love for llamas stemmed when his parents inflated their cable lineups with a show within a show entitled Llama Boy the Superhero. From that point onwards, he goes to drastic measures to emulate them going far enough to a fan club nicknamed the Llama Love Society which is likely invented by himself.


title: 1960 Turkish coup d'état

text: The actors who were involved in the coup d’etat in opposition to the Democratic Party, including young and senior officials and civilian educated elite.


title: Carl Wheezer

text: Worthy to note, he has a severe allergen to lima beans, bacteria, and horror stories. Whenever he gets fatigued his mother makes him hot milk, rubs his stomach, and harmonizes nani nani nani.


title: 1960 Turkish coup d'état

text: The coup formally start on May 27, 1960 with the plan to take control of the government after people grew discontent with the Democratic Party at their repressive tactics, bad management of the economy and suppression to any opposition parties. In summary, the DP was becoming its predecessor by exerting an authoritarian rule claiming to be a new type of democracy that will safeguard national security. Not only were civilians angry towards the government but many officers who served in the military grew grievances against the government after their pay decreased and their roll diminished, making the military's importance sink when the military has been seen as an organized and well-managed institution within the country.


title: Carl Wheezer

text: Carl also has another unhealthy relationship with any types of food imaginable even if they are inedible which is a trait passed from his parents using an edible consumption substitute since they are allergic to nearly everything. Furthermore, he gets quite jealous on Jimmy’s extreme intelligence and


title: 1960 Turkish coup d'état

text: Some of the discontent came after 1954 and the government's response to the economic situation, inflation was raising and there was an economic deficit. Instead of responding to the economic crisis the DP faced this situation with repression. For that reason their popularity started declining, which could be seen in the 1957 elections. As the DP witnessed their popularity dwindle, they began oppressing the opposition, mainly the RPP who had once again become their most influential opponent.


title: Carl Wheezer

text: gaining constant attraction from other girls besides Cindy. Carl has an absolute hatred on testing out his gadgets and serums coming from the fact that they often cause him fatalities or being in a state of endangerment.


title: 1960 Turkish coup d'état

text: All of these factors created tensions among various social groups which only fed into the plan to overthrow the DP from power and regain control themselves. Such plan was mainly organized by officials who goal was to save Turkey's democracy that had been threatened by the DP, hence their strategy was to hold free elections and meanwhile the military would be the one in charge until the elections could be held. The military successfully organized themselves as the National Unity Committee, led by General Cemal Gürsel, and overthrew the DP. This transition was carried out smoothly because there was no real opposition against the interim military regime from the population thanks to the anger harvested towards the government and the respect that people had towards the military.


title: Carl Wheezer

text: A rotund 10-year-old characterized by his trademark high-pitched voice, Carl has red hair in a weird splat style, small black bead eyes in contrast to the other characters with colored irises, and brown circular spectacles alongside freckles in cheeks. During the series, he wears a yellow shirt with orange stripes alongside overall straps which were not present in the green pants and brown loafers while in the test pilot, he greatly resembles his father. Additionally, he has a very slight hunchback.


title: 1960 Turkish coup d'état

text: The aims of the coup was to remove the politicians and people in power so the system would stop being corrupt. What they wanted to do was reform the political structure, based on Kemalism, that was being threatened by the DP. The goal was to overtake control of the government to hold elections.


title: Carl Wheezer

text: In both the series and film, he is played by professional voice artist Rob Paulsen. Besides this role, he also lent his vocals to his alien equivalent Doppy in its spinoff series Planet Sheen. Paulsen voices his parents as well and one-shot characters including the owner of a Golden Arches parody nicknamed Skeet in the episode “Men at Work.”


title: 1960 Turkish coup d'état

text: Menderes was arrested and charged for violating the constitution. Following the arrest, Menderes and other leaders of the DP were put on trial (formally known as the Yassiada Trials) by a military court on the island of Yassiada (Democracy and Freedom Island) and the politicians were charged with high treason, misuse of public funds and abrogation of the constitution. Eventnually, following the trials Menderes was sentenced to death. Despite the pleas of forgiveness by many individuals and world leaders such as John F. Kennedy and Queen Elizabeth II, Menderes was executed by the junta at the gallows on the island of Imrali on the 17th September 1961.


title: Carl Wheezer

text: In 2012, a clip of Carl asking for a croissant in a faux-French accent became a popular internet meme.


title: 1960 Turkish coup d'état

text: The 1960 coup d'état also took place at a time of sociopolitical turmoil and economic hardship, in particular US aid from the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan was running out. Therefore, at the time of this domestic unrest Menderes was planning a trip to Moscow in the hopes of getting alternative credit. Many researches have concluded that the 1960 military coup was determined by Turkey's economic and political dependence on the United States and therefore the relations between these two states saw a considerable shift.


title: 1960 Turkish coup d'état

text: The main objective of the coup was to restore the democracy that had been threatened by the DP. Such objectives were achieved not only by the coup but also by the creation of new democratic tools. On 9th July 1961, a constitutional referendum was held and a new constitution was drawn up to replace the one from 1924. It was approved by 61.7% of voters, with a turnout of 81%. The military in charge saw fit to create a new constitution to tackle issues that gave way to the coup, which are power abuse and oppression of opposition. This constitution passed through a constituency assembly and then a popular referendum, after its approval the elections were scheduled on October 25th, 1961.


title: 1960 Turkish coup d'état

text: The elections took place in a timely manner. As the election's results were announced the National Unity committee stepped down as the results now appointed the Republican People's Party to be in office, with 36.7% of the votes. The elections also saw new parties being introduced such as the Justice Party, Republican National Peasants Party, and the New Turkey Party.


title: Targitaos

text: In Scythian mythology, Targitaos (, from Scythian "whose might is far-reaching") was the first king of the Scythians. He was the son of Papaios and Borysthenis, daughter of Borysthenes, god of the Dnieper River in Scythia (modern Ukraine). He had three sons: Lipoxais, Arpoxais, and Kolaxais, the youngest.


title: Aidan Gallanger

text: Aidan Gallagher (born 18 September 2003) is an American actor known for his role as Number Five in the Netflix television show Umbrella Academy


title: Pakistan Declaration

text: The Pakistan Declaration (titled Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?) was a pamphlet published in January 1933 by Choudhary Rahmat Ali in which the word Pakistan was used for the first time.


title: Pakistan Declaration

text: The pamphlet was written when Pakistan was part of British India. The pamphlet asked that "the five Northern units of India" - Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Afghan Province), Kashmir, Sindh and Baluchistan (or Pakstan) become an independent state and not part of India.


title: Pakistan Declaration

text: After the pamphlet was published the name of Pakistan became very popular and led to the Pakistan Movement. Fourteen years after the pamphlet was published, in 1947, Pakistan became an independent state.


title: Emma's Theatre

text: Emma's Theatre is a Canadian-American-British-Israeli computer-animated children's television series. It formerly produced in 2007 and aired on BabyTV between programs from March 14, 2008.


title: Oleg Konovalov

text: Konovalov gained his doctoral degree from Durham University Business School (2012) and Master’s degree in Business Administration from the Open University Business School.


title: Emma's Theatre

text: It was aired on BabyTV in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Hong Kong, Switzerland, Singapore, Italy, Latin America, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Turkey, India, United Arab Emirates, and Israel.


title: Oleg Konovalov

text: After an extensive career in international business, Oleg entered the field of management education and consulting in 2012.


title: Emma's Theatre

text: The program aims to introduce babies and toddlers to different cultures and to expose them to different places and countries through short stories. The show is produced by Pitchi Poy Animation Productions.


title: Oleg Konovalov

text: He is the author of such management concepts as organizational typology, corporate culture power pyramid and has been named ‘the da Vinci of visionary leadership’ (- Marshall Goldsmith) for his work on vision and visionary leadership.


title: Emma's Theatre

text: Emma is a little 5-year-old girl who puts on a puppet show play in her puppet theatre, with the little help of her four charming and cute little puppets who have came to life. in each episode, they are always visiting a different place in the world with each fascinating tale, and during each fascinating tale, Emma entertains the younger audiences while she is always sharing and amusing the facts about all of the traditions and customs of really far-away distant countries and cultures.


title: Oleg Konovalov

text: "The Vision Code: How to Create and Execute a Compelling Vision for your Business. Oleg Konovalov. Wiley (2021)"


title: Emma's Theatre

text: There is also a magical door that has a colorful rainbow, a yellow sun, two white clouds, and three green and brown trees, it is also the magical door that Emma walks in to get inside her puppet theatre, and to greet and say hello to the younger audiences at the beginning of each episode.


title: Oleg Konovalov

text: "Corporate Superpower: Cultivating A Winning Culture For Your Business. Oleg Konovalov. WildBlue Press (2018)"


title: Emma's Theatre

text: During the end of each episode, in the ending credits, Emma thanks the viewers and tells them that if they’re asking if the story was true or not, the answer is up to them. Her puppets wave goodbye, and so does Emma as she walks out of her magical door, which promptly dissipates.


title: Oleg Konovalov

text: "Organisational Anatomy: A Manager’s Guide to a Healthy Organisation. Oleg Konovalov. Cambridge Scholars Publishing (2016)"


title: William Lewis (chess player)

text: William Lewis (1787–1870) was an English chess player and author. He is best known for the Lewis Countergambit and for being the first player ever to be described as a Grandmaster of the game.


title: William Lewis (chess player)

text: Born in Birmingham, William Lewis moved to London where he worked for a merchant. He became a student of chess player Jacob Sarratt. In later years he showed himself to be very unkind to his old teacher. He said Sarratt's "Treatise on the Game of Chess" (1808) was a "poorly written book". But in 1822 three years after Sarrat died, Lewis published a second edition of it. This was in competition with a much better revision by Sarrat published in 1821 by Sarratt's poverty-stricken widow. In 1843, many players gave money to help the old widow, but Lewis' name is not on the list.


title: William Lewis (chess player)

text: Around 1819 Lewis was the hidden player inside the Turk, a fake chess playing machine. He told Johann Maelzel that Peter Unger Williams, also a student of Sarratt, should be the next person to operate inside the machine. Maezel took his advice and Williams replaced Lewis.


title: William Lewis (chess player)

text: Lewis began writing books including translations of the works of Greco and Carrera, published in 1819 and 1822.


title: William Lewis (chess player)

text: He was the leading English player in a game played by letters sent between London and Edinburgh in 1824, won by the Scots. He wrote a book on the match with analysis of the games. In 1834–36 he was on the Committee of the Westminster Chess Club. They lost games played by letter with the Paris Chess Club. The other players were his students McDonnell and Walker, while the French team included Boncourt, Alexandre, St. Amant and Chamouillet. When De La Bourdonnais visited England in 1825, Lewis played about 70 games with the French master.


title: William Lewis (chess player)

text: Lewis was known as a famous chess player in his time. The weekly magazine "Bell's Life" in 1838 called him "our past grandmaster", the first known use of the term in chess. In 1825 he began a chess club where he taught people to play the game. He wrote two books on how to play chess, the Series of Progressive Lessons (1831) and Second Series of Progressive Lessons (1832).


title: William Lewis (chess player)

text: Lewis's books, and those of his teacher Sarratt, were based on reworking François-André Danican Philidor's ideas to those of the Modenese school of Del Rio, Lolli and Ponziani. Lewis gradually stopped playing competition chess.


title: William Lewis (chess player)

text: After his retirement he wrote other chess books, but he was no longer up to date with new ideas. The Oxford Chess Companion said his last book, "A Treatise on Chess" (1844), was already "out of date when published".


title: Tu Jhoothi Main Makkaar

text: Tu Jhoothi Main Makkaar () is an upcoming Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy movie. It was directed by Luv Ranjan. The film is written by Ranjan and Rahul Mody. It is produced by Luv Films and T-Series Films. It stars Shraddha Kapoor and Ranbir Kapoor, alongside Dimple Kapadia and Boney Kapoor (in his acting debut). The movie is scheduled for theatrical release on 8 March 2023.


title: Bandar Seri Begawan

text: Bandar Seri Begawan is the capital city of Brunei and the largest city. It has a population of 140,000 (2010 estimate). The city is the home of producers of furniture, textiles, handcrafts, and timber. It is the site of the Royal Ceremonial Hall or Lapau, Royal Regalia Building, the Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque, the Malay Technology Museum, and the Brunei History Center.


title: Nizhny Novgorod

text: Nizhny Novgorod (Russian:Ни́жний Но́вгород, often shortened to "Nizhny") is the fourth largest city in Russia. The first three are Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Novosibirsk. Nizhny Novgorod had a population of 1,311,252 in 2002, and one of 1,438,133 in 1989. It is the economic and cultural center of the vast Volga-Vyatka economic region, and also the administrative center of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and Volga Federal District.


title: Jeremy Renner

text: Jeremy Lee Renner (born January 7, 1971) is an American actor, singer, and film producer. He is famous for his role in the movie "The Avengers". In "The Avengers", he plays Hawkeye, a.k.a. Clint Barton. He appeared largely in independent films, such as "Dahmer" and "Neo" Ned. Renner appeared in supporting roles in bigger films, such as "S.W.A.T." and "28 Weeks Later".


title: Honshū

text: Honshū is also Japan's main island. It is south of Hokkaidō across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Seto Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyūshū across the Kanmon Strait. It is the seventh biggest island, and is the island with the second highest number of people in the world after Java.


title: Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

text: Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, also known as Trentino-South Tyrol (Italian: "Trentino-Alto Adige", German: "Trentino-Südtirol", Southern Bavarian: "Trentino-Sidtiroul", 1972". Trentino-Tirouler Etschlond", Ladin: "Trentin-Südtirol") is a region of northern Italy. The two main cities are Bolzano (Bozen) and Trento.


title: Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

text: The province of Bozen wanted more autonomy, because the main German-speaking community of Italy lives there.


title: Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

text: Trentino has an area of 6,207 km, most of it mountainous land (20% is over and 70% over 1,000 m) and covered by vast forests (50% of the territory). The climate is various through the province, from an alpine climate to subcontinental one, with warm and variable summers and cold and quite sowy winters. The region has always been a favourite destination for tourists, both in winter for skiing in the high mountains and in summer to visit the wide valleys and many lakes (the largest being Lake Garda).


title: Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

text: Alto Adige/South Tyrol has an area of , all of it mountainous land and covered by vast forests. The climate is of the continental type, owing to the influence of the many mountain ranges which stand at well over above sea level and the wide valleys through which flow the main river, the Adige, from north to south and its numerous tributaries. In the city of Bolzano, capital of the province, the average air temperature stands at and the average rainfall at . The lowest pass across the Alps, the Brenner Pass, is located at tinatheirth of the region on the border with Austria.


title: Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

text: In Trentino the majority language is Italian, although there are Cimbrian minorities in the municipality of Luserna and four Mòcheno municipalities in the Mòcheni Valley. There are also Ladin-speaking minorities living in the Fassa Valley and in Non Valley (3.5% of the population). While in Fassa Valley Ladin already enjoys official status, in Non Valley it still does not, in spite of the fact that the number of speakers outnumbers those in Fassa Valley. Sole Valley also historically belongs to the Ladin area.


title: Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

text: The majority of people in Alto Adige/Südtirol speaks German. However more Italian speakers than Germans live in the capital of Bolzano.


title: Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

text: A tiny minority group called the Ladins lives in the Dolomites region: they speak an old Rheto-Romanic language.


title: Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

text: Words and ways of talking in this area are spread in the valleys around the Dolomites mountain group: Gardena, Badia Mareo Valley (Alto Adige/Südtirol)and Fassa Valley (Trentino). Ladin is also spoken in the town of Cortina d'Ampezzo and areas around there.


title: Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

text: The Ladin language of the Fassa Valley Ladin is more like Italian: the Ladins of this valley speak a language with a lot of Italian or Trentino style sentences.


title: Amur River

text: The Amur River is a river extending from northeastern China to the Russian Far East. It is the tenth longest river in the world.


title: Sea of Okhotsk

text: The Sea of Okhotsk is a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean. It is between the Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, the island of Hokkaidō to the south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a long stretch of eastern Siberian coast (including the Shantar Islands) along the west and north. The northeast corner is Shelikhov Gulf. It is named after Okhotsk, the first Russian town in the Far East.


title: Sea of Okhotsk

text: The Sea of Okhotsk covers 611,000 sq.mi. (1,583,000 km). The average depth is 2,818 feet (859 metres). Its maximum depth is 11,063 feet (3,372 metres). It is connected to the Sea of Japan on the west through the Sakhalin Gulf and the Gulf of Tartary; on the south, through the La Pérouse Strait.


title: Sea of Okhotsk

text: In winter, travelling on the Sea of Okhotsk becomes difficult, or even impossible, due tolarge ice floes.


title: Sea of Okhotsk

text: Except for Hokkaidō, one of the Japanese home islands, the sea is surrounded on all sides by land of the Russian Federation. For this reason, it is generally said to be part of Russia.


title: Sea of Okhotsk

text: Some of the Sea of Okhotsk's islands are quite large. These include Japan's second largest island, Hokkaidō, as well as Russia's largest island, Sakhalin. Iony Island is the only island in open waters. It belongs to the Khabarovsk Krai of the Russian Federation. Most of the sea's islands are have no people making them ideal breeding grounds for seals, sea lions, seabirds, and other sea island fauna.


title: La Rioja

text: La Rioja is an autonomous community and a province in Spain. It is in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. The capital of La Rioja is Logroño. Other cities and towns in the province are Calahorra, Arnedo, Alfaro, Haro, Santo Domingo de la Calzada, and Nájera.


title: Syracuse, Sicily

text: Syracuse (, ) is a city in the region of Sicily in Italy. It is also the capital of the "Province of Syracuse". About 125,000 people live in Syracuse. Syracuse is famous for being the place where Archimedes lived.


title: 40 (number)

text: In the Judeo-Christian Bible, the number forty has special meaning. The Jews wandered in a desert for forty years, there was a forty-day and forty-night rainstorm, and other instances.


title: Haut-Rhin

text: Haut-Rhin is a department in the Grand Est region of France, named after the Rhine river that flows along its eastern border. Its name means "Upper Rhine". The prefecture (capital) of Haut-Rhin is Colmar.


title: Haut-Rhin

text: Haut-Rhin is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was divided in three districts: Altkirch, Belfort and Colmar, with Colmar as is capital.


title: Haut-Rhin

text: In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the three districts were changed into five "arrondissements": Colmar, Altkirch, Belfort, Delémont and Porrentruy. The "arrondissements" Delémont and Porrentruy were eliminated in 1814 and transferred to Switzerland.


title: Haut-Rhin

text: The Haut-Rhin department was eliminated in 1871 when the territory became part of Germany except for a part that forms the Territoire de Belfort.


title: Haut-Rhin

text: In 1919, Haut-Rhin is again an department when the territory became part of France with the "arrondissements" Colmar-Ville, Colmar-Campagne, Altkirch, Guebwiller, Mulhouse, Ribeauvillé and Thann. Its capital is Colmar.


title: Haut-Rhin

text: The "arrondissements" Colmar-Ville and Colmar-Campagne were combined in 1934 to form the "arrondissement" of Colmar.


title: Haut-Rhin

text: In 2015, the "arrondissements" of Guebwiller and Ribeauvillé were eliminated and the name of the "arrondissements" of Thann and Colmar were changed to Thann-Guebwiller and Colmar-Ribeauvillé.


title: Haut-Rhin

text: Haut-Rhin is the smaller and less populated of the two departments of the former administrative Alsace region. It is in the Grand Est region and borders 3 departments in 2 regionsː


title: Haut-Rhin

text: To the east, the department borders Germany along the Rhine river, and to the south it borders with Switzerland.


title: Haut-Rhin

text: Haut-Rhin has an area of . Its highest point is Grand Ballon () in the Vosges Mountains, in the eastern part of the department; it is high. The lowest point is high along the Rhine river.


title: Haut-Rhin

text: The main river in the department is the Rhine that forms the eastern border of the department, and of France.


title: Haut-Rhin

text: The area around Colmar, at an altitude of about , is characterized by climates with few extremes of temperature. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Strasbourg is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb".


title: Haut-Rhin

text: The average amount of precipitation for the year in Strasbourg is . The month with the most precipitation on average is June with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of .


title: Haut-Rhin

text: The average temperature for the year in Strasbourg is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .


title: Haut-Rhin

text: Haut-Rhin is managed by the "Departmental Council of Haut-Rhin" in Colmar. The department is part of the Grand Est region.


title: Haut-Rhin

text: There are 4 "arrondissements" (districts), 17 "cantons" and 366 "communes" (municipalities) in Haut-Rhin.


title: Haut-Rhin

text: The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Haut-Rhin department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:


title: Haut-Rhin

text: The inhabitants of the Haut-Rhin department are known, in French, as "Haut-Rhinois" or (women: "Haut-Rhinoises"),


title: Haut-Rhin

text: Haut-Rhin had a population, in 2014, of 760,134, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Mulhouse, with 350,032 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.


title: Harold Pinter

text: Harold Pinter CH CBE (10 October 1930 – 24 December 2008) was a British playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. Pinter was Jewish. He was born and raised in Hackney, east London.


title: Harold Pinter

text: His plays include: "The Birthday Party", "The Homecoming" and "Betrayal", all of which he adapted into movies. His adaptations of others' works include: "The Servant", "The Go-Between", "The French Lieutenant's Woman", "The Trial" and "Sleuth".


title: Harold Pinter

text: The critic Irving Wardle called Pinter's early plays ""comedies of menace"". He meant that the plays begin with an apparently innocent situation. The situation becomes both threatening and "absurd" as Pinter's characters behave in strange ways. Pinter acknowledged that Samuel Beckett influenced his early work. They became friends, sending each other drafts of their works in progress for comments.


title: Harold Pinter

text: Pinter was married to Vivien Merchant from 1956 until they divorced in 1980. He was married to Antonia Fraser from 1980 until his death. He was diagnosed with oesophageal cancer in 2001 and died from the disease in London seven years later when it metastasised to his liver.


title: Auguste Rodin

text: Auguste Rodin (born François-Auguste-René Rodin; 12 November 1840 – 17 November 1917) was a French sculptor. Rodin was born in Paris. He made solid objects from stone or clay. His most famous works are 'The Thinker' and 'The Kiss'.


title: Izhevsk

text: Izhevsk (Russian: Иже́вск) is the capital city of Udmurt Republic in Russia. The population is 628,116 people. From 1984 to 1987, the city's name was Ustinov (in honour of the Minister of Defense of the USSR and the Marshal of the Soviet Union, Dmitry Ustinov).


title: Auguste Rodin

text: Although Rodin is generally considered the start of modern sculpture, he did not set out to rebel against the past. His training was old-school. He took a craftsman-like approach to his work, but he was rejected three times to Paris's foremost school of art.


title: Izhevsk

text: Izhevsk is a major economic center for the Udmurt Republic. Military industry is the most popular type of economy in Izhevsk. Many military companies operate in the city. The companies produce military guns that are popular in Russia and other countries. The companies also are known to produce automobiles. In 2006, the Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez took a tour in the city, and he wanted to purchase many of the popular weapons available.


title: Auguste Rodin

text: Rodin had a unique ability to model a complex, turbulent, deeply pocketed surface in clay. Many of his most notable sculptures were roundly criticized during his lifetime. They clashed with the sculpture tradition, in which works were decorative, formulaic, or highly thematic.


title: Izhevsk

text: The Izhevsk Pond is one of the most famous recreational places. It is about 22 km, and it was artificially made (some parts were even made by hand). The pond was created in the 1760s for the industry.


title: Auguste Rodin

text: Rodin's most original work departed from traditional themes of mythology and allegory. He modelled the human body with realism, with individual character and physicality. Rodin refused to change his style. Gradually there came increasing favour from the government and the artistic community.


title: Auguste Rodin

text: His statue of writer Honoré de Balzac for the "Société des Gens des Lettres" was heavily criticised. Rather than try to convince skeptics of its merit, Rodin repaid the Société his commission and moved the figure to his own garden. After this experience, Rodin did not complete another public commission. Only in 1939 was Monument to Balzac cast in bronze. It is now thought to be a masterpiece.


title: Auguste Rodin

text: Rodin's reputation grew, and he became the top French sculptor of his time. By 1900, he was a world-renowned artist. Rich private clients sought Rodin's work after his 1900 World's Fair exhibit. For example, a Japanese patron, Matsukata Kojiro, paid for some of Rodin's best castings, including "The Gates of Hell."


title: Auguste Rodin

text: Rodin kept company with a variety of high-profile intellectuals and artists. He married his lifelong companion, Rose Beuret, in the last year of both their lives.


title: Haute-Corse

text: Haute-Corse is a department in the south of France. Its prefecture is Bastia. Haute-Corse has a population of about 148,000 (2006 estimation).


title: Kaluga

text: Kaluga () is a city in Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It is the capital of Kaluga Oblast. As of 2012, the city has 328,871 people.


title: Kaluga

text: Kaluga was used in the 14th century as a stronghold against the Tatar people on the southern borders of Muscovy. It later became a seat of provincial administration. In the early 17th century it was devastated by Cossacks, plague, and fire, and in the winter of 1941 it was held by the Germans. It has a wide range of industries, producing turbines, railway equipment, and consumer goods. The city is on the Vyazma–Tula railway near its junction with the Moscow–Kiev line.


title: Kaluga

text: Kaluga is located within western Russia. It occupies an area in the upper Oka River basin southwest of Moscow oblast. Broad, often swampy valleys alternate with rolling hills of the Central Russian Uplands. It is


title: Kaluga

text: 189 kilometers southwest of Moscow, 880 kilometers southeast of Saint Petersburg and 623 kilometers southwest of Nizhny Novgorod.


title: Kaluga

text: Kaluga Region is one of the most promising regions of Russia to make investments in. The region holds the fifth place in the national rating of investment attractiveness. For a number of years Kaluga Region has been holding the leading positions in terms of industrial output growth rates.


title: Kaluga

text: Kaluga Region Government has created all conditions for successful development of both large-scale production facilities and industrial SMEs. Investors, operating in the region, admit that Kaluga Region investment policy meets the highest global standards. The regional legislative and regulatory framework guarantees the safety of investments.


title: Hindu Kush

text: The Hindu Kush is a range of mountains. It starts near Pamir in the north of Gilgit extending in the southwest deep into the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, Tirich Mir is here. On the west of this range is the Wakhan corridor of Afghanistan which separates Gilgit Agency from Tajikistan. This tract of land was formed under an agreement between the governments of the Empires of Russia and Britain in 1890. It was annexed with Afghanistan to serve as a neutral zone between the two empires.


title: Tlaxcala

text: Tlaxcala is the smallest state in Mexico with about a million people. It is in central Mexico, east of Mexico (state) and west of Puebla (state).


title: Hindu Kush

text: The passes of Mintaka Pass, Kilik Pass, Chilinji Pass and Kuramber Pass are in the Hindu Kush range and connect Kashmir with the central Asian states. Many rivers including the Chapursan River, Ishkuman River, Ghizar River, Gilgit River and Shandur River originate in the valleys of Hindu kush and ultimately join the Indus River.


title: Georges Bizet

text: Georges Bizet (25 October 1838 – 3 June 1875) was a French composer of the Romantic period. He is best known for his opera Carmen, which is the best-known of all French operas.


title: Christian Wulff

text: Christian Wilhelm Walter Wulff (born 19 June 1959) is a German politician and lawyer. He is member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union. He was elected to be the President of Germany on 30 June 2010. Wulff was sworn in two days after the election on 2 July 2010. He served as Minister-President of the state of Lower Saxony from 2003 to 2010. On 17 February 2012, Wulff announced his resignation of the position as President of Germany.


title: Ibaraki Prefecture

text: Ibaraki Prefecture is the northeastern part of Kantō. It is between Tochigi Prefecture and the Pacific Ocean. Fukushima Prefecture is its neighbor to the north and Chiba Prefecture is to the south. Saitama Prefecture is to the southwest. There are many mountains in the northern part of the prefecture. The rest of the prefecture is a flat plain with many lakes.


title: Christian Wulff

text: Wulff was born in Osnabrück and is Roman Catholic. His father left the family, and he grew up with his mother. As a teenager, he had to take responsibility for the care of his younger sister, after his mother developed multiple sclerosis. After completing his Abitur at the Gymnasium in Osnabrück, Wulff went to study law. He specialised in economic law at the University of Osnabrück. In 1987 and 1990, he passed the first and second state examinations in law. He started to work as a lawyer.


title: Christian Wulff

text: Since 1975, Wulff has been a member of the CDU. From 1978 to 1980, he served as federal chairman of the "Schülerunion". This was a political high school student organization connected to the Christian Democrats. He became the regional chairman of the "Junge Union" in Lower Saxony in 1983. In 1986, he was elected a city councillor in his hometown. Since 1984, he has sat on the CDU's regional party council of Lower Saxony, serving as its chairman since 1994.


title: Christian Wulff

text: The Christian Democrats made Wulff candidate for state Prime Minister in 1994. However, the popular office holder Gerhard Schröder won. After four years in opposition, the election in 1998 brought another opportunity for Wulff to become Prime Minister. Indeed, the federal Christian Democrat party, led by Chancellor Helmut Kohl, made Wulff another time the candidate.


title: Christian Wulff

text: Wulff has been one of the four deputy chairmen of the CDU party at the federal level since 7 November 1998. He has also been a board member of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation since 2003.


title: Christian Wulff

text: Lower Saxony announced deeper cuts of education and municipal services. This set a stage for the 2003 election campaign. Wulff entered the race as the favourite to win the election. The Christian Democrats, in the political wilderness since 1990, were returned to power in the Legislative Assembly, gaining 48.3% of the vote. Wulff was sworn in as Prime Minister on 4 March 2003, as the head of a coalition between centre-right Christian Democrats and liberal Free Democrats (FDP).


title: Christian Wulff

text: As Minister-President, Wulff has made a several reforms. This includes a restructuring of the primary education system in Lower Saxony, as well as an increase of police officers. When Wulff took office, Lower Saxony faced a severe budget crisis. It was the result from years of public deficits. Painful cuts to public expenditure were enacted and implemented against considerable political resistance. The measures included cuts in university funding and in benefits for the blind. Other policies concern the reform of the administration. Many measures have remained controversial.


title: Christian Wulff

text: Prior to the 2005 Federal Election, Wulff had been mentioned as a potential candidate for the German chancellorship. Surprisingly, in a spring 2005 poll, 28 percent of all respondents named Wulff as their preferred candidate for the Christian Democrat nomination for Chancellor in the 2006 election. As Wulff only began his first term as Prime Minister in early 2003, he is likely to dismiss such speculations. in December 2014, Wulff was re-elected deputy leader of the federal party with about 86 per cent of all delegates supporting him.


title: Christian Wulff

text: In a speech, Wulff expressed his opposition to euthanasia and warned of a retreat of moral values. This can be seen as the first attempt to formulate a value-based agenda for the 2008 legislative assembly, and the 2009 federal elections. In this context, it is important to note that Chancellor Angela Merkel had been severely criticized for a lack of emotional warmth during the 2005 federal election campaign.


title: Christian Wulff

text: Due to his popularity in Lower Saxony, and in federal opinion polls, Wulff was considered to be a contender for the office of Chancellor.


title: Christian Wulff

text: After the 23 May announcement that federal elections will be advanced to September 2005, Wulff announced that he was not a candidate for the CDU nomination for Chancellor. He has not completed his first term as Premier of Lower Saxony. Instead, Wulff declared his support for Angela Merkel. She was the CDU leader in the Bundestag. It was expected that the Christian Democrats would win the election and form a government, and that Wulff would be given a position in this government. However, with the September 18 election resulting in a hung parliament, the outcome is unclear. Wulff continued to be named as a possible CDU candidate for Chancellor, particularly if Chancellor Merkel failed to secure a decisive mandate in the 2009 federal election.


title: Christian Wulff

text: Christian Wulff was elected President of Germany on 30 June 2010. He gon 625 of 1242 votes in the third ballot of the Federal Convention. He is Germany's youngest President (51 years) and the first Roman Catholic President in more than forty years (the last Roman Catholic President was Heinrich Lübke). Wullf was sworn in on 2 July 2010 in front of the Bundestag and the Bundesrat.


title: Christian Wulff

text: His main rival in the election was Joachim Gauck, a civil rights activist from East Germany and a former Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Archives. Not a member of any party, Gauck was nominated by the opposition SPD and Greens as their presidential candidate on 3 June.


title: Christian Wulff

text: Wulff is succeeded as Prime Minister of Lower Saxony by David McAllister. Wulff's candidacy for President of Germany in the 2010 presidential election was formally confirmed by Angela Merkel, Guido Westerwelle and Horst Seehofer. They are the heads of the CDU, FDP and CSU parties.


title: Christian Wulff

text: Christian Wulff met his first wife, lawyer Christiane Wulff (born 1959), when they were both law students in Osnabrück in 1983. They married in March 1988, and have a daughter, Annalena (born 1993). In June 2006, Wulff announced that he would divorce his wife. In 2008, Wulff married an aide from the Prime Minister's Office, Bettina Körner (born 1973 in Hanover). She has a son from a previous relationship. On 12 May 2008, she gave birth to their first child together, also a boy.


title: Geber

text: Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (; ; died between 806 and 816), is the name for the writer of a great number of writings in Arabic. The writings together have the name Jabirian corpus. The most important subjects of these writings are: alchemy, cosmology, numerology, astrology, medicine, magic, mysticism, and philosophy.


title: Fly agaric

text: Fly agaric ("Amanita muscaria") is a poisonous and psychoactive basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus "Amanita". Native throughout the temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere, "Amanita muscaria" has been unintentionally introduced to many countries in the southern hemisphere, generally as a symbiont with pine plantations, and is now a true cosmopolitan species. The quintessential toadstool, it is a large white-gilled, white-spotted, usually deep red mushroom, one of the most recognizable and widely encountered in popular culture. Although it is generally considered poisonous, deaths from its consumption are extremely rare, and it is eaten as a food in parts of Europe, Asia, and North America after parboiling. "Amanita muscaria" is noted for its hallucinogenic properties, with its main psychoactive constituent being the compound muscimol. It was used as an intoxicant and entheogen by the peoples of Siberia and has a religious significance in these cultures. There has been much speculation on traditional use of this mushroom as an intoxicant in places other than Siberia; however, such traditions are far less well documented. It has for instance been suggested that the fly agaric was an ingredient of Soma and that it played a role in the Eleusinian Mysteries as well as early Christianity.


title: Ground squirrel

text: Most of them live in the mountains, like the Sierra Nevada, or the Alps. Marmots make holes in the ground. They live in burrows, underground. They hibernate, that is they sleep through the winter. Marmots are very social animals. They group together easily. They also like to communicate with each other, with whistles, especially when they sense danger.


title: Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow

text: Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow (born 29 June 1957) is a Turkmen politician. He was the 2nd President of Turkmenistan from 2007 until 2022.


title: Titus Livius

text: Titus Livius (; 64/59 BC – AD 12/17), was a Roman historian. Today, he is best known for his work Ab Urbe Condita ("From the foundation of the city [of Rome]). "In it, he tells the history of Rome from the foundation of the city (753 BC) to the year 9 BC. Livius was born probably in 59 BC in the city that is now called Padua. He died there in either 12 AD or 17 AD. In English, he is also known as Livy. Unlike other historians of the time, Livius was not active in politics.


title: Geber

text: Jabir's writings have in them the oldest known list of chemical substances. For the first time, the writings gave an explanation of how to produce an inorganic substance (ammonium chloride) from organic substances (such as plants, blood, and hair).


title: Ground squirrel

text: They vary in size and habits. Most are able to rise up on their hind legs and stand fully erect comfortably for long periods. This way they watch for predators. They tend to live together more than other squirrels, and many live in colonies with complex social structures. Most Marmotini are rather short-tailed and large squirrels. The Alpine marmot ("Marmota marmota") is the largest living member of the Sciuridae, at 53–73 cm in length and weighing 5–8 kg.


title: Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow

text: Berdimuhamedow, a dentist, worked in the government under President Saparmurat Niyazov as Minister of Health. He is the first dentist in the world to head a state or a government.


title: Titus Livius

text: About a quarter of "Ab Urbe Condita" is known exactly. The rest is lost, but for some parts, it is known what they contained (because other peopel summarized his works).


title: Geber

text: Modern scholars doubt the historical existence of Jabir. It is probable that one person did not write all of the writings in the Jabirian corpus. Instead, scholars see Jabir ibn Hayyan as a pseudonym that a group of writers used.


title: Ground squirrel

text: Many historians suggest that marmots, rather than rats, were the carriers of bubonic plague epidemics in the Middle Ages.


title: Geber

text: Translations into Latin of some of Jabir's Arabic writings (like the "Book of Mercy", and the "Book of Seventy") came into existence in the Middle Ages. In Latin, Jabir had the name "Geber", a transliteration of "Jabir".


title: Geber

text: In 13th-century Europe an anonymous writer, called pseudo-Geber, started to produce new writings about alchemy under the name Geber. People still read the in the 17th century. The "" was one of the writings that pseudo-Geber produced in the 13th century. It was an influence on early modern chemists like Robert Boyle (1627–1691).


title: Lobamba

text: Lobamba is the legislative capital of Eswatini (which used to be called Swaziland). The Parliament of Eswatini and home of the Queen Mother are in this city. It is located in the west of the country, in the district of Hhohho. Its population is about 10,000 people.


title: Lobamba

text: Lobamba is famous for two ceremonies. The Reed Dance is in August and September. This celebration is in honour of the Queen Mother. The Incwala Kingship, in December and January, is in honour of the King. These ceremonies include dancing, singing, and celebrations with traditional clothing.


title: Lobamba

text: The Embo State Palace, the Royal Kraal, Swazi National Museum, Swazi Parliament and a museum about Sobhuza II of Eswatini are in the town. The Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary and Matsapha Airport lie nearby.


title: Bactria

text: Bactria is a region in Asia. It is centered around the city of Balkh, in Northern Afghanistan. It is north of the Hindu Kush, and south of the river Amu Darya. Zoroaster might have been from this region.


title: Sumy

text: Sumy () is a city in Ukraine. It is the administrative centre of Sumy Oblast. In 2020, 264,981 people lived there. Most of population has got Ukranian origin.


title: Sumy

text: The city of Sumy was founded in the 1650s by the Cossacks within the region of Sloboda Ukraine. On the banks of Psel River, the city is also at the intersection of several other major transportation routes for the oblast and north-eastern Ukraine. Notable infrastructure includes Sumy Airport and railway junction for the Southern Railways at Sumy railway station.


title: Gulf of Bothnia

text: The Gulf of Bothnia is the northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It is situated between Finland's west coast and Sweden's east coast. In the south of the gulf lie the Åland Islands, between the Sea of Åland and the Archipelago Sea. Gulf of Bothnia is often divided into three parts which are called in Finnish language:


title: Otto Hahn

text: Otto Hahn (8 March 1879 – 28 July 1968) was a German Nobel Prize winning chemist. He did pioneering research into the atom and he discovered nuclear fission (splitting the uranium atom) in 1938, together with Lise Meitner and Fritz Strassmann.


title: Karaj

text: Karaj (Persian: کرج) is an Iranian city and main city of Alborz province. The city has about 1,370,000 inhabitants.


title: Shavkat Mirziyoyev

text: Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyev (Uzbek Latin: "Shavkat Miromonovich (Miromon o‘g‘li) Mirziyoyev", Uzbek Cyrillic: "Шавкат Миромонович (Миромон ўғли) Мирзиёев"; born 24 July 1957) is an Uzbek politician. He has been the President of Uzbekistan and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan since 2016.


title: Shavkat Mirziyoyev

text: Following the death of President Islam Karimov, he was appointed by the Supreme Assembly as interim president of Uzbekistan on 8 September 2016. In October 2021, Shavkat Mirziyoyev was re-elected President of Uzbekistan.


title: 1948 Summer Olympics

text: The 1948 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XIV Olympiad, were held at London in the United Kingdom.


title: Lahti

text: Lahti is a city in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland. Literally it means "bay". It is part of the province of Southern Finland. As of April 2014, there were about 103,450 people living in Lahti. Lahti was the eighth biggest city in Finland as of 31 August 2012.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: Santiago Ramón y Cajal 1 May 1852 18 October 1934) was a Spanish doctor. He shared the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Camillo Golgi for their work on the anatomy of the nervous system.


title: A (Cyrillic)

text: It came from the Greek alpha. A long time ago, it was called "az" and stood for the number 1. It looks exactly the same as the Roman A.


title: 1932 Summer Olympics

text: The 1932 Summer Olympics, officially known as Games of the X Olympiad, were held in Los Angeles, United States.


title: Lillehammer

text: Lillehammer is a city in Oppland county, Norway. The 1994 Winter Olympics and the Paralympic Winter Games were held here in 1994.


title: 1948 Summer Olympics

text: These were the first Summer Olympics to be held since the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, because no Games were held during World War II.


title: Lahti

text: The concert house Sibelius Hall () in Lahti is named after Jean Sibelius. Many stars, including Antti Tuisku, have performed there.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: Ramón y Cajal worked on thin slices of brain tissue which were laid on microscope slides and stained with silver. The stain was invented by Golgi, who shared the Nobel Prize with him.


title: 1932 Summer Olympics

text: U.S. President Herbert Hoover did not attend the games. Despite this snub, the games were thought to be a success because the LA Olympics did not end up in debt.


title: 1948 Summer Olympics

text: In part, the games were thought to be a success because the Organizing Committee did not go into debt. The final financial report showed a ₤29,000 profit.


title: Lahti

text: Lahti's transport was big already at 14th century. Lahti was first a village that belonged to Hollola. It was been burned in 1877. Lahti has been a city since 1905. The population then was 2,779.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: Ramón y Cajal's investigations of the microscopic structure of the brain were original: he is considered by many to be the father of modern neuroscience. He was skilled at drawing, and hundreds of his illustrations of brain cells are still used for educational purposes today.


title: 36 (number)

text: Thirty-six is a number. It comes between thirty-five and thirty-seven, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 36. 36 is the 6th square number after 1, 4, 9, 16, and 25.


title: Elinor Ostrom

text: Elinor Claire "Lin" Ostrom ("née" Awan; August 7, 1933 – June 12, 2012) was an American political economist. She won the Nobel Prize 2009 in Economic Sciences which she shared with Oliver Williamson. Ostrom became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize in this category. Her worked said that the idea of the "Tragedy of the Commons" was too simple. Some communities do share common resources in a positive way and do not waste or destroy them.


title: Star cluster

text: A star cluster is a group of stars. They are held together by mutual gravitation. They are related by common origin, and have similar or identical ages.


title: Marin County, California

text: Marin County, California is a county in the US state of California. It is north of the San Francisco Bay.


title: Elinor Ostrom

text: Ostrom was one of 20 Nobel Laureates who signed the "Stockholm memorandum" at the 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium on Global Sustainability in Stockholm, Sweden on 18 May 2011.


title: Star cluster

text: In contrast, constellations and asterisms are just line-of-sight visual groups as seen from the Earth.


title: Elinor Ostrom

text: Ostrom taught at both Indiana University and Arizona State University. She was born in Los Angeles, California. She was married to political scientist Vincent Ostrom (born 1919) from 1963 until she died. She was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in October 2011 and died of the disease in Bloomington, Indiana at age 78.


title: Star cluster

text: Super star clusters of very young large stars are known. They are thought to be precursors of globular clusters. The short-lived huge blue stars emit lots of UV radiation which ionises the surrounding gas. Examples are Westerlund 1 and 2 in the Milky Way, and R136 in the Larger Magellanic Cloud.


title: Peter Kropotkin

text: Prince Peter (Pyotr) Alexeyevich Kropotkin () (9 December 1842 - 8 February 1921) was a Russian anarchist, philosopher, revolutionary, scientist, geographer, and one of the first advocates of anarcho-communism.


title: U.C. Sampdoria

text: The club formed from a merger of two clubs ( Andrea Doria and Sampierdarenese ) in 1946. The name is a combination of the former names, the colours show the former teams' colours (blue-white and white-red-black) in a single design.


title: Limburg (Belgium)

text: Limburg (, , , ) is the easternmost of the five provinces of modern Flanders, which is one of the three main political and cultural sub-divisions of modern Belgium. Its capital is Hasselt.


title: La Chaux-de-Fonds

text: La Chaux-de-Fonds is the capital city of the district of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland. After Geneva and Lausanne, it is the third-largest city in the French-speaking part of the country. As of December 2016, 38,965 people lived there.


title: Peter Kropotkin

text: Kropotkin was born on December 9, 1842 in Moscow, Russia. His father, Aleksey Petrovich Kropotkin was a prince of the Rurik Dynasty. His father owned large amounts of land and over 1000 serfs. His mother, Yekaterina Nikolaevna Sulima was the daughter of a Cossack general. In 1846, Kropotkin's mother died of tuberculosis. Two years after, Kropotkin's father married a woman named Yelizaveta Mar'kovna Korandino.


title: Limburg (Belgium)

text: Limburg is located west of the Meuse (Dutch "Maas") river, upon which it borders the similarly named province Limburg of the Netherlands. It also borders on the Walloon province of Liège to the south, with which it also has historical ties. To the north and west are the old territories of the Duchy of Brabant, the Flemish provinces of Flemish Brabant and Antwerp to the west, and the Dutch province of North Brabant to the north.


title: La Chaux-de-Fonds

text: The famous architect Le Corbusier, the writer Blaise Cendrars and the car maker Louis Chevrolet were born there.


title: Limburg (Belgium)

text: The province is divided into three arrondissements ("arrondissementen" in Dutch) with 42 municipalities. Among these municipalities are the current capital Hasselt, the early medieval capital Borgloon, Genk, Diepenbeek (home to Hasselt University), and Tongeren, the only Roman city in the province and regarded as the oldest city of Belgium.


title: La Chaux-de-Fonds

text: In 2009, La Chaux-de-Fonds and Le Locle, its sister city, have jointly been awarded UNESCO World Heritage status for their exceptional universal value.


title: Limburg (Belgium)

text: The municipality of Voeren is geographically detached (an exclave) from Limburg and the rest of Flanders, with the Netherlands to the north and the Walloon province of Liège to the south. This municipality was established by the municipal reform of 1977.


title: La Chaux-de-Fonds

text: The city was founded in 1656. The region was first inhabited around 10,000 years ago (Epipaleolithic). A skull and other traces have been found in caves nearby.


title: Limburg (Belgium)

text: The centre of Belgian Limburg is crossed east to west by the Demer river and the Albert Canal, which run similar paths. The Demer river's drainage basin covers most of the central and southern part of the province, except for the southeastern corner, where the Jeker (in French: "(le) Geer") runs past Tongeren and into the Maas river (in French: "(la) Meuse") at Maastricht.


title: La Chaux-de-Fonds

text: In the middle of the 14th century, the region was colonized from the southern Val-de-Ruz. La Chaux-de-Fonds is first mentioned in 1350 as "la Chaz de Fonz". In 1378 it was mentioned as "Chault de Font".


title: Limburg (Belgium)

text: The eastern border of the province corresponds to the western side of the Maas, which originates in France. It's drainage basin includes not only the Jeker but most of the northern part of Belgian Limburg.


title: La Chaux-de-Fonds

text: The region was under the authority of the lords of Valangin. In the 15th and 16th centuries, a second wave of colonization came from the so-called "Clos de la Franchise" (the valleys of Le Locle and La Sagne). Agriculture was the main activity but the village remained small. In 1531 there were only about 35 people living there. The first church was built in 1528. By 1530, La Chaux-de-Fonds, like the rest of the Valangin lands, converted to the new Reformed faith. The Lord of Valanginian, René de Challant, fixed the boundaries of the parish in 1550. The church and parish provided a political structure and a small community of Valanginian citizens, free farmers and peasants grew up around the church. By 1615 there were 355 people living in the village. In 1616, the low and middle jurisdiction over La Chaux-de-Fonds moved to Le Locle and La Sagne, while the high court remained in Valanginian. The agriculture, supplemented by mills on the banks of the Doubs, continued to dominate. However, at the end of the 16th century, the city became an important crossroad between Neuchâtel, Franche-Comté and the Bishopric of Basel.


title: Limburg (Belgium)

text: The province of Limburg is divided into 3 "arrondissements" (Hasselt, Maaseik and Tongeren) and a total of 42 municipalities since 2019.


title: La Chaux-de-Fonds

text: The community grew during the Thirty Years' War, mainly because of its strategic position for trade. Economic activity accelerated in the 18th century with the development of the city's lace and watchmaking industries. Pierre Jacquet-Droz, best known for his automata, was a particularly prominent watchmaker of this era.


title: La Chaux-de-Fonds

text: In 1794, the city was devastated by fire. Charles-Henri Junod created the new city's plan in 1835, and the city is now known for its "modern," grid-like plan, in comparison with most European cities' meandering streets. The central avenue is named the Avenue Léopold Robert.


title: Western Ghats

text: The Western Ghats is a mountain range in India. It is about long, by wide. It separates the Deccan Plateau from the Arabian Sea.


title: İsmet İnönü

text: Mustafa İsmet İnönü (24 September 1884 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish politician and military officer, who was the first Prime Minister and second President of Turkey. In 1938, Republican People's Party gave him "National Chief" title.


title: Herring gull

text: The herring gull ("Larus argentatus" or European herring gull) is a large gull (up to 26 inches or 66 cm long). It is the most abundant and best known of all gulls along the shores of western Europe. It breeds across Northern Europe, Western Europe, Scandinavia and the Baltic states.


title: İsmet İnönü

text: İsmet İnönü was by the standards of his time a highly educated man, speaking Arabic, English, French and German in addition to his native Turkish. His resting place is in Anıtkabir with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. He was close friend of Atatürk. He had two sons, Erdal and Ömer.


title: Herring gull

text: Some herring gulls, especially those resident in colder areas, migrate further south in winter, but many are permanent residents, e.g. in the British Isles, Iceland, or on the North Sea shores. European herring gulls are also abundant around inland garbage dumps, and some have even adapted to life in inland cities.


title: Herring gull

text: The taxonomy of the herring gull / lesser black-backed gull group is very complicated, with different authorities recognising between two and eight species.


title: Herring gull

text: This group has a ring distribution around the northern hemisphere. Differences between adjacent forms in this ring are fairly small, but by the time the circuit is completed, the end members, herring gull and lesser black-backed gull, are clearly different species.


title: Philip IV of France

text: Philip IV (April-June 1268 – November 29, 1314), called the Fair () was the son and successor of Philip III. He reigned as King of France from 1285 until his death. He was the husband of Joan I of Navarre


title: Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport

text: Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport is a large airport in France. It is in the outskirts of Paris. In 2010, it handled 58,164,612 passengers.


title: Ludwig Erhard

text: Erhard was born as the son of a salesman. After his middle school exam, he started training to become a salesman himself. He was wounded as soldier in World War I. After World War I, he started to study micro economy at a college in Nuremberg.


title: Treaty of Maastricht

text: The Treaty of Maastricht was a treaty signed between European countries, in the Dutch city of Maastricht, on 7 February 1992. This treaty made possible further integration between European states, and made possible the existence of the European Union, doing better than previous treaties such as the Treaty of Rome. European integration went even further with the Treaty of Lisbon, which was signed in 2007 and became effective in December 2009.


title: Edgar Rice Burroughs

text: Edgar Rice Burroughs (September 1, 1875 – March 19, 1950) was an American novelist. He created the famous character Tarzan of the Apes in his novels. He wrote 25 novels on Tarzan's adventures starting from 1914 onwards.


title: Wen Jiabao

text: Wen Jiabao (born September 15, 1942 in Tianjin) was Premier of the People's Republic of China from 2003 through 2013. His second term as Premier is due to end in 2013. He has a postgraduate degree in geology.


title: Borage

text: The flowers are perfect with five narrow, triangular-pointed petals. Flowers are most often blue in color, although pink flowers are sometimes examined. White flowered types are also grown.


title: Sephardi Jews

text: Sephardi Jews, also known as Sephardic Jews or Sephardim (, , also "Y'hudey Spharad", meaning "The Jews of Spain"), are a Jewish ethnic division. They emerged as a distinct community around 1000 AD on the Iberian Peninsula. Jews established communities throughout Spain and Portugal. Then in the late 15th century, when all Jews were expelled from Spain, they migrated and set up new communities in the countries of England, the Netherlands, North Africa, Anatolia, the Levant (Eastern Mediterranean), and the Balkan countries, as well as the Americas, where they kept their traditions and religious practices. For hundreds of years and through the 20th century, Sephardi Jews have continued to speak their Judeo-Spanish language commonly called Ladino, besides the language of their place of residence.


title: Pope Pius IV

text: Pope Pius IV (; 31 March 1499 – 9 December 1565), born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 225th Pope from 1559 to 1565.


title: Pietermaritzburg

text: Pietermaritzburg is a city in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is the capital of the province and the second largest in terms of size, after Durban.


title: Ludwig Erhard

text: After that, he studied economy on the University of Frankfurt am Main. In 1925 he finished his doctoral thesis. Afterwards, he worked in his father's company. After the Great Depression, the company went bankrupt.


title: Edgar Rice Burroughs

text: He also wrote other novels and stories that became quite famous. Tarzan and John Carter were some of his characters that became famous.


title: Wen Jiabao

text: In his final address as China’s prime minister, Wen warned of the nations growing divisions between rich and poor, the hazards of unchecked environmental degradation and the risks posed by unbalanced economic growth.


title: Borage

text: As a fresh vegetable, borage, with a cucumber like taste, is often used in salads or as a garnish. The flower, which has the non-toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid thesinine, has a sweet honey-like taste and as one of the few truly blue-colored eatable things, is often used to decorate dessert.


title: Pope Pius IV

text: In 1549, Pope Paul III made Medici a cardinal. Pope Leo III sent him on diplomatic missions to Germany and to Hungary.


title: Ludwig Erhard

text: From 1928 to 1942, he worked as science assistant, but he could not get a promotion because he did not want to become a member of a Nazi organisation. From 1942 to 1945, he was the head of the institute for industrial research.


title: Pope Pius IV

text: Pope Paul III presided over the last session of the Council of Trent which was the major event of his papacy.


title: Ludwig Erhard

text: From 1945 to 1946, he worked for the provisional government of Bavaria, afterwards he was an economic organisation official for the British-American administration in West Germany.


title: Pope Pius IV

text: After his death in 1565, the body of Pope Pius IV was entombed at the church of Santa Maria degli Angeli.


title: Alemannic German

text: Alemannic German () is a group of dialects of the Upper German branch of the Germanic language family. It is spoken by about ten million people in southern Germany, Switzerland, France, Austria, Liechtenstein, and Italy. In Switzerland it is sometimes called Swiss German. In Alsace, the language is usually called Alsatian.


title: Alanya

text: Alanya is a seaside resort in the south of Turkey and also a district of Antalya. Alanya has 300,000 permanent inhabitants. In summer, lots of tourists come to town for beach and sun. In summer, the population rises suddenly. Alanya has 10,000 European inhabitants and the number of European inhabitants rises year to year.


title: Vancouver Island

text: Vancouver Island is an island that is part of the province of British Columbia in Canada. It is big and is in the south-western part of the province.


title: Alemannic German

text: Outside this area: the village Zădăreni in Romania, Old-order Amish in Adams County and Allen County in the United States, and Colonia Tovar in Venezuela. In the US: the Bernese dialects are stable, and spoken by about 5% of all Amish (15.000 people), Alsatian dialects are in decline there.


title: Vancouver Island

text: The first people to live on the island, before Europeans came, were the Nuu-chah-nulth, Salish, and Kwakiutl. As of 2009, over 700,000 people live here.


title: Alemannic German

text: In contrast to other languages, Alemannic German is only a spoken language; there is no fixed orthography for the language.


title: Vancouver Island

text: There are no bridges or tunnels between Vancouver Island and the mainland. There are ferries that carry people and cars to and from the island. One route crosses the Strait of Georgia to the Tsawwassen peninsula, from which there are roads that go to Vancouver and other cities in Canada as part of the Trans-Canada Highway. Another ferry route crosses the Strait of Juan de Fuca and reaches Anacortes in the U.S. state of Washington, from which roads go to Seattle and other cities along the West Coast.


title: Vancouver Island

text: There are many cities and towns on Vancouver Island. The biggest of these is Victoria, the capital of British Columbia, where the Legislative Assembly and the University of Victoria are found.


title: Cedar Rapids, Iowa

text: Cedar Rapids () is the second largest city in the U.S. state of Iowa. It is the county seat of Linn County.


title: The Office (American TV series)

text: The Office is an Emmy and Peabody Award-winning American television sitcom airing on National Broadcasting Company (NBC) and developed by Greg Daniels. It is an American adaptation of the BBC series with the same name. It is set in Scranton, Pennsylvania.


title: Flag of Hungary

text: The Flag of Hungary is the flag of the European country, Hungary. It has three horizontal tricolour of red, white and green. It was adopted on 23 May 1957.


title: Lester B. Pearson

text: Lester Bowles "Mike" Pearson (April 23, 1897 – December 27, 1972) was the 14th Prime Minister of Canada from 1963 to 1968. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957 for organizing the first peacekeeping force.


title: Sami Khedira

text: Sami Khedira (; born 4 April 1987) is a German football player. He plays for JUVENTUS and Germany national team. Khedira moved from VfB Stuttgart to Real Madrid in 2010. He is known for his aerial ability, his ability to recover the ball and quickly join the team attack with his powerful shooting.


title: Lester B. Pearson

text: As Prime Minister, Pearson's government created universal health care and the Canada Pension Plan. They also created the Canada Student Loan Program, the Order of Canada, and changed the flag of Canada to the one with maple leaves. Pearson kept Canada from fighting in the Vietnam War and "de facto" stopped capital punishment from being used in Canada. Many people think he is one of the most important Canadians of the 20th century.


title: Lester B. Pearson

text: Pearson was born in Newtonbrook, Ontario, the son of Edwin Arthur Pearson, a Methodist minister and Anne Sarah Bowles. He went to the University of Toronto and Oxford University. Pearson was ambassador to the United States and the United Nations. He played for the Oxford University Ice Hockey Club while on a scholarship at Oxford University.


title: Lester B. Pearson

text: Pearson entered politics in 1948, as Minister of External Affairs in the Liberal government of Louis St. Laurent. He became leader of the Liberal Party in 1958. He lost two elections as leader, until winning a third to become Prime Minister in 1963. His government brought in social programs and new standards for workers. Pearson signed the Canada-United States Automotive Agreement, also called the Auto Pact. He retired in 1968. The next Prime Minister was Pierre Trudeau.


title: Braveheart

text: Braveheart is an American historical movie war drama movie starring Mel Gibson and Sophie Marceau. It is loosely based around the life of 13th century Scottish warrior William Wallace, who fought against the English when they occupied Scotland.


title: Korean Wikipedia

text: The Korean Wikipedia is the Korean-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in October 2002, and as of June 2020 15, has over 500,000 articles.


title: Raion

text: A raion (or rayon) is the name of a way several former Soviet republics are divided. The word is from French "rayon" which means 'honeycomb, department'. It describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city. It is commonly written in English as "district". Raion also can be used simply as a second division without anything to do with ethnicity or nationality. A raion is usually two steps below the national level. In smaller countries it could be the first level.


title: Sundsvall

text: Sundsvall is a town in the county of Västernorrland in Sweden. It is the seat of Sundsvall Municipality. In June 1888, a fire affected the town.


title: Diodorus Siculus

text: Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily was a Greek historian. He is known for writing the universal history "Bibliotheca historica", much of which survives, between 60 and 30 BC. It is arranged in three parts. The first part covers mythic history up to the destruction of Troy. It is arranged geographically, describing regions around the world including Egypt, India, Arabia, Greece and Europe. The second part covers the Trojan War to the death of Alexander the Great. The third part covers the period to about 60 BC. The title Bibliotheca, meaning 'library', shows that he was using the work of many other authors.


title: Raion

text: After the fall of the Soviet Union, some of the republics kept the "raion" (e.g. Azerbaijan, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Moldova, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan) while others dropped it (e.g. Georgia, Uzbekistan, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Armenia, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan).


title: Diodorus Siculus

text: Diodorus wrote that he was born at Agyrium in Sicily (now called Agira). There is only two other references to Diodorus. One is by Jerome, in his "Chronicon" from 49 BC, who wrote that "Diodorus of Sicily, a writer of Greek history, became illustrious". There is also a Greek inscription in the collection of the Agyrium (Inscriptiones Graecae XIV, 588) about the tombstone of one "Diodorus, the son of Apollonius". (This may be a different person).


title: Diodorus Siculus

text: Diodorus' book, which he called "Bibliotheca historica" meaning "Historical Library", consisted of 40 books. Books 1–5 and 11–20 survive. Small sections of the lost books are preserved in Photius and the excerpts of Constantine Porphyrogenitus.


title: Diodorus Siculus

text: It was divided into three sections. The first six books treated the mythic history of the non-Hellenic and Hellenic tribes to the destruction of Troy and are geographical in theme, and describe the history and culture of Ancient Egypt (book I), of Mesopotamia, India, Scythia, and Arabia (II), of North Africa (III), and of Greece and Europe (IV–VI).


title: Diodorus Siculus

text: In the next section (books VII–XVII), he tells the history of the world from the Trojan War down to the death of Alexander the Great. The last section (books XVII to the end) concerns the historical events from the successors of Alexander down to either 60 BC or the beginning of Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars. As the last books have been lost, it is not known if Diodorus reached the beginning of the Gallic War as he promised at the beginning of his work or, as evidence suggests, old and tired from his labours he stopped at 60 BC.) He used the name "Bibliotheca" to show that he was writing a work from many sources. Identified authors on whose works he drew include Hecataeus of Abdera, Ctesias of Cnidus, Ephorus, Theopompus, Hieronymus of Cardia, Duris of Samos, Diyllus, Philistus, Timaeus, Polybius, and Posidonius.


title: Diodorus Siculus

text: His writing of gold mining in Nubia in eastern Egypt is one of the earliest texts on the topic, and describes in vivid detail the use of slave labour in terrible working conditions.


title: Diodorus Siculus

text: "Physically the Celts are terrifying in appearance with deep-sounding and very harsh voices. In conversation they use few words and speak in riddles, for the most part hinting at things and leaving a great deal to be understood. They frequently exaggerate with the aim of extolling themselves and diminishing the status of others. They are boasters and threateners, and given to bombastic self-dramatization, and yet they are quick of mind and with good natural ability for learning." (Book 5)


title: Sandal (footwear)

text: Sandals are an open type of footwear, with a sole held to the wearer's foot by straps or thongs passing over the instep and around the ankle. While the distinction between sandals and other types of footwear can sometimes be unclear (as in the case of "huaraches"—the woven leather footwear seen in Mexico), the common understanding is that a sandal reveals most or all of the foot (especially the toes) to view. People may choose to wear sandals for several reasons, among them economy (sandals tend to require less material than shoes), comfort in warm weather, and (especially for women) for reasons of fashion and attractiveness.


title: Sturgeon

text: Sturgeons have been referred to as "living fossils" or "primitive fish" because their features have not changed very much since their earliest fossil record.


title: Caprinae

text: Caprinae is a subfamily of the even-toed ungulate family Bovidae. Animals of the Caprinae subfamily are called caprid or goat-antelope.


title: Almanac

text: An almanac is a type of reference that is published yearly. It includes information about weather forecasts, farmers' planting dates and tide tables. Information about astronomy are also found in almanacs, such as the times of the rising and setting of the sun and moon, eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, terms of courts, lists of all types, timelines, sports, and more.


title: Norilsk

text: Norilsk is a city in Krasnoyarsk Krai in Siberia, with almost 180,000 people. It lies about north of the arctic circle, and over north of Krasnoyarsk. There are many ore deposits in the region, especially nickel and copper. Mining ore is linked to heavy pollution of the environment. Norilsk was founded in 1935 as a site of industry, to be able to mine the ore. In 1939, the decision was taken to also build a city. Norilsk got the status of a city in 1953.


title: Sandal (footwear)

text: Usually, sandals are worn in warmer climates or during warmer parts of the year, because feet stay cool and dry. The chances of getting a fungal infection on the feet (athlete's foot) is lower than with wearing an enclosed shoe and wearing sandals may be part of treatment for a fungal foot infection.


title: Sturgeon

text: Sturgeon range from subtropical to subarctic waters in North America and Eurasia. In North America, they range along the Atlantic coast from the Gulf of Mexico to Newfoundland. They used to be found throughout the Mississippi River, the Great Lakes and the Hudson River.


title: Norilsk

text: Norilsk is the northernmost city with more than 100.000 inhabitants. It is the second largest city within the arctic circle, only Murmansk is larger. Norilsk and Yakutsk are the only large cities built in the continuous permafrost zone. This means that even in summer, the ground remains frozen.


title: Sturgeon

text: Throughout this extensive range, almost all species are highly threatened or vulnerable to extinction due to a combination of habitat destruction, overfishing, and pollution.


title: Norilsk

text: The nickel deposits of Norilsk-Talnakh are the largest-known nickel-copper-palladium deposits in the world. The smelting of the nickel ore is directly responsible for severe pollution, which generally comes in the form of acid rain and smog. By some estimates, one percent of global sulfur dioxide emission comes from Norilsk's nickel mines.


title: Sturgeon

text: In the last century, this large fish was often regarded as a nuisance because it often became entangled in and caused commercial fishing nets to become ripped. Only much later did the sturgeon become prized for its meat, eggs (caviar) and oil. Gelatin from the inner lining of its air bladder was used to make isinglass--a substance used as a clarifying agent in jellies, glues and in the isinglass windows of carriages and early cars. Nowadays, the lake sturgeon's dark form can be sometimes be discerned in reedy shallows or near river mouths.


title: Norilsk

text: Norilsk is a closed city. This means that a special permit is needed to be able to travel to Norilsk. This permit is issued both by the Russian government, and the local mining comany. Foreigners usually do not get this permit.


title: Norilsk

text: Most people in Norilsk are Christian: They belong to the Russian Orthodox Church. There is a Russian Orthodox Cathedral, and several churches of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. In 1998, a mosque was built for the local Tatar community: It is considered to be the northernmost Muslim prayer house in the world.


title: Norilsk

text: Norilsk can only be reached by airplane, or by boat.There is a railway line, which connects the city to Dudinka, on the river Yenisei. The airport lies about west of the ciry. Dudinka is about to the west. It is a large port on the river Yenisei. While at first, there was only the railway, a road to Dudinka has been built. The raiway now only handles freight.


title: Norilsk

text: On 29 May 2020 a fuel reservoir collapsed, flooding the nearby Ambarnaya River with 20,000 tonnes of diesel fuel. The reservoir was the property of the local mining company, a Nornickel subsidiary, NTEK. Russian president Vladimir Putin declared a state of emergency. The fuel was a reserve used as a backup for the main gas supply to a power plant. The storage tank was built on permafrost. According to a statement by the company, the permafrost could possibly have melted and become unstable because of climate change. An area of 350 square kilometres (135 square miles) has been contaminated. It will be difficult to clean this because there are no roads and the river is too shallow for boats and barges. Oleg Mitvol estimates that the clean-up will cost about 100 billion rubles (1.5 billion US$) and take 5–10 years.


title: Blantyre

text: Blantyre is the second largest city in Malawi. In 2008, 661,256 people lived there. It is the center of commerce and finance im Malawi. Blantyre is the capital of the Southern Region and of Blantyre District.


title: Argos

text: Argos is a city in south Greece, the capital of Argos-Mycenae Municipality. It is in the Argolis prefecture, which is on the Peloponnese peninsula. It is named after the child of Zeus and Niobe in Greek mythology. It is the biggest city in Argolida prefecture but the capital of prefecture is Nauplion. Argos is very historical city. The first residents arrived more than 7,000 years ago. It is considered the oldest city in Greece from ancient Greek writers.