title: Amphitheatre

text: An amphitheatre (or amphitheater) is a type of structure. It is a flat area, surrounded by an area that ascends gradually. In the ascending area, people can be seated. Today, such structures are used for presentations, but also spectator sports.


title: Provo, Utah

text: Provo is an American city in the state of Utah. It is in Utah County and is east of Utah Lake. It lies to the west of high mountain peaks in the Wasatch Range. It is home to Brigham Young University. The city is the third largest city in the state. It has a population of 105,166 people.


title: Culinary mustard

text: Culinary mustard is a condiment people use when making food. It comes from the seeds of the mustard plant.


title: Silver birch

text: The silver birch ("Betula pendula"), also known as the warty birch, European white birch, or East Asian white birch, is a deciduous tree in the family Betulaceae. It grows in Europe, parts of Asia and North America.


title: Arturo Vidal

text: Arturo Erasmo Vidal Pardo (born 22 May 1987) is a Chilean footballer who plays as a Midfielder for Bayern Munich and the Chile national team.


title: Sfax

text: Sfax () is a city in Tunisia. In 2004, 265,131 people lived there. It is the second-most populated city in the country after the capital Tunis.


title: Argos

text: The city houses numerous archaeological monuments. Agriculture is an important sector of the local economy.


title: Amphitheatre

text: In Ancient Rome, these structures were used to entertain the population. Gladiator combats, athletics and executions were staged there.


title: Culinary mustard

text: Mustard is prepared by grinding the seeds of the Mustard plant, and mixing them with water or vinegar. Depending on which seeds are taken, and/or how much vinegar is added, the mustard may turn out hotter or less hot.


title: Silver birch

text: The silver birch is a medium-sized tree, which has triangle-shaped leaves. In autumn the leaves turn yellow and fall. Trunk is shining white. The twigs are slender, and in an old tree the they often hang downwards. The flowers are grouped in an inflorescence called a catkin. The wind spreads the birch seed. The trees are monoecious, with both male and female catkins on the same tree.


title: Amphitheatre

text: A natural amphitheatre is a natural formation of rocks or cliffs, which resemble a man-made amphitheatre.


title: Culinary mustard

text: Most mustard is made available as a bottled condiment and can be spread on a slice of sandwich bread, salad, vegetables, meat or squirted onto a hotdog or a potato salad, along with ketchup, horseradish and other spices. It is often found in fast-food restaurants in the form of a small packet which the diner may open and squeeze into the dish of choice.


title: Papal conclave

text: A Papal conclave is a meeting of cardinals. The cardinals meet to elect the next bishop of Rome, to become pope. This becomes necessary when the old pope dies or resigns. Usually, popes do not resign, though.


title: Alfred North Whitehead

text: Alfred North Whitehead, OM (15 February 1861 – 30 December 1947) was an English mathematician who became a philosopher. He was born in Ramsgate, Kent, and died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. He wrote on algebra, logic, foundations of mathematics, philosophy of science, physics, metaphysics, and education. He is the co-author, with Bertrand Russell, of the important "Principia Mathematica".


title: Pasture

text: A pasture is a piece of land. Usually specific grasses and herbs are grown on it. Then livestock is put on for "grazing". Rangeland is similarly used, but less controlled.


title: Urho Kekkonen

text: Urho Kaleva Kekkonen (; 3 September 1900 – 31 August 1986), often referred to by his initials UKK, was the President of Finland between 1956 and 1982. He was also the Prime Minister of Finland before that.


title: Maurice Wilkins

text: Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins CBE FRS (15 December 1916 – 5 October 2004) was a New Zealand-born English physicist and molecular biologist.


title: Elia Kazan

text: Elia Kazan (; born Elias Kazantzoglou (); September 7, 1909 – September 28, 2003) was a Turkish-born Greek-American director, producer, writer and actor.


title: Kerman

text: Kerman is a city in and capital of Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, 621,374 people lived there.


title: Ahmed Ben Bella

text: Ahmed Ben Bella (25 December 1918 – 11 April 2012) was an Algerian soldier. He was the first President of Algeria from 1963 to 1965.


title: Papal conclave

text: The last conclave was when Pope Benedict XVI resigned in 2013 and Pope Francis was elected to replace him.


title: Urho Kekkonen

text: Kekkonen was born in Pielavesi. He took part of the Finnish Civil War. He was anti-Communist and later anti-Fascist.


title: Maurice Wilkins

text: His research contributed to the understanding of phosphorescence, isotope separation, light microscopy and X-ray crystallography.


title: Elia Kazan

text: He was called by "The New York Times" as "one of the most honored and influential directors in Broadway and Hollywood history". He helped co-found the Actors Studio in Manhattan.


title: Ahmed Ben Bella

text: He went to prison for forming a group to fight French rule. He escaped and went to Tunisia. He was arrested again in 1956 and got out of prison in 1962.


title: Papal conclave

text: The word "conclave" is from Latin. It refers to the fact that the cardinals are locked up together, until they have agreed on a new pope. Today, this happens in the Sistine Chapel.


title: Urho Kekkonen

text: Kekkonen became the Interior Minister in 1937, and he then attempted to ban the fascist party known as the (commonly abbreviated to IKL).


title: Maurice Wilkins

text: He worked on the development of radar during World War II, and was a member of the Manhattan Project.


title: Elia Kazan

text: Kazan directed "A Streetcar Named Desire" (1951), "On the Waterfront" (1954), and "East of Eden" (1955). He won two Academy Awards, three Tony Awards and four Golden Globe Awards.


title: Ahmed Ben Bella

text: He became president in 1963. In 1965, Houari Boumédiènne made him stop being Presindent. He was under house arrest until 1980. He was allowed to live in Switzerland. He lived for 10 years in Lausanne. In 1990 he was able to return to Algeria.


title: Papal conclave

text: Originally, the conclave was started in Italian city states, in the 12th century. These cities needed to elect officeholders, and the election needed to be free of party politics. Events such as the Investiture Controversy in medieval Europe led to people wanting "free" elections, with a medieval understanding of free. Methods were often combined, the elements used were Acclamation, naming of candidates by predecessors, or by uninvolved people, and using "electors" who would agree on the successor, behind closed doors. Earliest examples are that of Genua, in 1157, Pisa, in 1162-64, or Pistoia.


title: Urho Kekkonen

text: The "Passikivi-Kekkonen line" was a foreign policy doctrine established by, Kekkonen and Juho Kusti Paasikivi, aimed at Finland's survival as an independent sovereign, democratic, and capitalist country in the immediate proximity of the Soviet Union.


title: Maurice Wilkins

text: In recognition of this work, he, Francis Crick and James Watson were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material". His obituary provides extensive information on the topics mentioned here.


title: Papal conclave

text: Pope Nicholas II published a papal bull called In Nomine Domini, in 1059, which introduced the conclave as the way to elect his successor.


title: Urho Kekkonen

text: Kekkonen was elected the President of Finland in 1956, after president Paasikivi. He attempted to keep Finland a neutral country, which means it was not affiliated with any military alliance such as NATO or the Warsaw Pact during the Cold War.


title: Maurice Wilkins

text: Wilkins was the Assistant Director of the Biophysics Unit at Kings College, and responsible for work on the structure of DNA. Wilkins and a graduate student, Raymond Gosling, got the first X-ray diffraction photos of DNA in 1950. He introduced Francis Crick to the importance of DNA, and hired Rosalind Franklin on a three-year grant. Franklin made progress with the crystallography, and produced some better photographs of the structure.


title: Urho Kekkonen

text: Urho Kekkonen led the underwriting of the Helsinki Accords of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe between European countries, the United States and the Soviet Union in 1975.


title: Maurice Wilkins

text: In 1953 Watson visited King's, and Crick got sight of a progress report. This report included useful information from Franklin about features of DNA she had deduced from her X-ray diffraction data.


title: Maurice Wilkins

text: Watson and Crick published their proposed DNA double helix structure in a paper in the journal "Nature" in April 1953. In this paper Watson and Crick acknowledged that they had been "stimulated by... the unpublished results and ideas" of Wilkins and Franklin.


title: Maurice Wilkins

text: By this time Franklin was suffering from cancer of the ovary. She died in 1958, which explains why she was not included in the 1962 Nobel Prize. A controversy exists as to the relative contributions of her and Wilkins.


title: Bellingshausen Sea

text: The Bellingshausen Sea is an area along the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula, between Alexander Island and Thurston Island. It takes its name from Admiral Thaddeus Bellingshausen, who explored in the area in 1821.


title: Renzo Piano

text: Renzo Piano, OMRI, OMCA (; born 14 September 1937) is an Italian architect and engineer. He won the Pritzker Prize in 1998. He is known for designing London's tallest skyscraper The Shard and The New York Times Building in New York City. He was born in Genoa, Italy.


title: Tetum language

text: The Tetum language (Tetum or Tetun) is a language spoken in East Timor. It has a lot of influence from Portuguese.


title: Renzo Piano

text: In 2006, Piano was selected by "TIME" as one of the 100 most influential people in the world. He was selected as the 10th most influential person in the "Arts and Entertainment" category of the 2006 Time 100.


title: Renzo Piano

text: In August 2013, he was appointed Senator for Life in the Italian Senate by President Giorgio Napolitano.


title: Amberg

text: Amberg () is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is in the Oberpfalz ("Upper Palatinate"), roughly half way between Regensburg and Bayreuth. Population: 44,200 (2001).


title: Scipio Africanus

text: Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (236–183 BC) was a general in the Second Punic War and a politician of the Roman Republic. He was best known for defeating Hannibal of Carthage.


title: Macropod

text: Macropods are marsupials belonging to the family Macropodidae. That family includes kangaroos, wallabies, tree-kangaroos, pademelons, quokkas and others. They are native to Australia, New Guinea, and their surrounding islands. Before European settlement, there were about 65 species of macropods. Six species have since become extinct. Another 11 species have been greatly reduced in numbers.


title: Karl Weierstraß

text: Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstraß (31 October 1815 - 19 February 1897) was a German mathematician. Most of his work is about using logic as a thorough foundation of analysis. He mainly used power series for this. He also provided foundations for the theory of elliptic functions, differential geometry and the calculus of variations. The Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem is named in his honour: according to the theorem, every bounded sequence of real numbers has at least one limit point. He criticised earlier mathematicians for using assumptions too often, and being too vague in their definitions.


title: Joseph Stiglitz

text: Joseph Eugene Stiglitz, ForMemRS, FBA (born February 9, 1943) is an American economist and a professor of Jewish descent. He works at Columbia University.


title: Amberg

text: Amberg became a center for the mining of iron ore in 1270. In the 1800s a blast furnace was built in the town.


title: Scipio Africanus

text: Scipio won the battle of Zama in North Africa. He got the last name "Africanus" and became known as one of the best commanders in military history. The battle was a complete disaster for Carthage, who had to beg for peace, and were given humiliating terms by Rome.


title: Macropod

text: Modern macropods are herbivores. They have specialized teeth made for grinding up fibrous plants. Macropods usually have a row of broad, straight front teeth, no canines, and a gap before their large molars.


title: Joseph Stiglitz

text: He won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences (2001) and the John Bates Clark Medal (1979). He is a former senior vice president and chief economist of the World Bank, and is a former member, and Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers. He won the Nobel Prize for discovering that some things happen in the economy because some people know more things than others.


title: Macropod

text: The stomachs of the macropods contain lots of bacteria that help them to digest their food by breaking it down for them. Macropods have a certain blend of bacteria in their stomachs that lowers the amount of methane produced.


title: Joseph Stiglitz

text: He is known for his critical view of the management of globalization, free-market economists (whom he calls "free market fundamentalists"), and some international institutions like the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.


title: Macropod

text: Macropods come in all different sizes. Almost all have a powerful tail and large back legs. The word 'macropod' comes from the Greek for 'large foot'. Their long legs allow macropods to move quickly, and for long distances.


title: Macropod

text: Gestation lasts about one month. In larger species, it lasts a little longer. Usually a single offspring is born. It attaches itself to a teat inside the mother's pouch. The offspring is able to leave the pouch after 5-11 months. It is sexually mature at 1-3 years old, depending on the species.


title: Macropod

text: Marsupials evolved about 160 million years ago during the Jurassic period. They reached Australia in the Palaeocene about 50 million years ago. The oldest macropod fossil found is about 12 million years old.


title: Dirk Kuyt

text: Dirk Kuyt (born 22 July 1980) is a Dutch football player. He plays for Liverpool and Netherlands national team.


title: Treasure Island

text: Treasure Island is a book by Robert Louis Stevenson. It was published in 1883. It is about pirates and a treasure hunt on a tropical isle. Famous characters include Jim Hawkins, Long John Silver, and Ben Gunn. The book has been adapted to movies, comic books, and other media.


title: Brahui language

text: The Brahui () or Bravi () language, spoken by the Brahui, it is the only Dravidian language mainly spoken in Pakistan, although it is also spoken in Afghanistan and Iran. The 2005 edition of Ethnologue reports some 2.2 million speakers, 90% of whom live in Pakistan. In Pakistan it is mainly spoken in the Kalat region of Balochistan.


title: Irrfan Khan

text: Sahabzade Irfan Ali Khan (7 January 1967 – 29 April 2020), credited as Irrfan Khan or simply Irrfan, was an Indian movie actor. He was born in Tonk, Rajasthan, India. In 2011, Khan was awarded the Padma Shri.


title: Second French Empire

text: The time from about 1852 to 1870 is known as Second Empire in French history. Napoléon III was the emperor. First he had an authoritarian style of ruling, but there was a lot of opposition. Like with many other countries, industrialization (and the industrial revolution) started during his reign. France also became one of the most powerful counties in Europe. It collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870-1871 during the Unification of Germany by Otto von Bismarck to create the German Empire in 1871 .


title: Treasure Island

text: The story has been made into many movies. The story in the movie is often different to the story in the book.


title: Brahui language

text: Although it is a Dravidian language, it has been heavily influenced by the Iranian languages spoken in the area such as Balochi.


title: Irrfan Khan

text: Khan has garnered the National Film Award for Best Actor in the 60th National Film Awards 2012 and a Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor for his performance in "Paan Singh Tomar". He also appeared in "The Namesake", "The Darjeeling Limited", the Academy Award winner "Slumdog Millionaire", "Life of Pi", "New York, I Love You", "The Amazing Spider-Man", "Jurassic World", and "Inferno".


title: Brahui language

text: Brahui is often considered to be a remnant of a formerly more widespread Dravidian language family that was speculated to have reduced during the Indo-Aryan migration. It is also sometimes speculated that Brahui might be a direct legacy of the Indus Valley Civilisation. However, one polar opposite view is that Brahuis migrated up to Baluchistan in the 13 or 14th century or by a late immigration that took place after 1000 CE.


title: Irrfan Khan

text: In March 2018, Khan was diagnosed with neuroendocrine tumor. He died of colitis caused by the tumor in Mumbai on 29 April 2020, aged 53.


title: Townsville

text: Townsville is a city on the northern east coast of Queensland, Australia. It is the largest regional city in Queensland and in 2010 was made a second capital by Premier Anna Bligh to take the stress of governing off the southeast corner of Queensland.


title: Agostinho Neto

text: António Agostinho Neto (17 September 1922 – 10 September 1979) was an Angolan politician and poet. He was the first President of Angola, serving from 1975–1979 after he leading the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) in the war for independence that lasted from 1961–1974.


title: Deir ez-Zor

text: Deir ez-Zor , also spelled Dayr al-Zawr, Der Ezzor, Deir Azzor, and other variants (; , , , "Ter Zor"), is the 7th largest city in Syria and the largest in the eastern part of Syria. It is the capital of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate. There were 211,857 people in 2004. It is on the shores of Euphrates River.


title: Townsville

text: Before the city was made a capital, Townsville was often referred to as the capital of North Queensland, but the split of the state never occurred.


title: Deir ez-Zor

text: The city is famous for the Deir ez-Zor suspension bridge across the Euphrates. It was completed in 1927. The Deir ez-Zor Museum keeps thousands of items collected from nearby archeological sites in Northern Mesopotamia. Main campuses of Al-Furat University and Al-Jazeera University are also there.


title: Townsville

text: Popular attractions include 'The Strand', a long tropical beach and garden strip; Riverway, a riverfront parkland attraction on the banks of Ross River; Reef HQ, a large tropical aquarium holding many of the Great Barrier Reef's native flora and fauna; the Museum of Tropical Queensland, built around a display of relics from the sunken British warship HMS Pandora; and Magnetic Island, a large neighbouring island, the vast majority of which is national park.


title: Townsville

text: English explorer James Cook went by the area where Townsville was established in 1770, but did not land. Townsville City was established in 1863 by English explorer Robert Towns to build a new port for Australia. Since then Townsville grew into a livable city as people began moving to up to the city.


title: Townsville

text: During World War II, Townsville was used by the Americans as a military base. There were many airbases, bunkers, tunnels and fortifications around Townsville, some of these forts are still visible, where as others have been demolished.


title: Townsville

text: Townsville was once referred to as Australia's Saviour, but this slowly faded away as history from the war in Townsville was destroyed to hide tunnels from the public.


title: Townsville

text: On Christmas Eve in 1971, Townsville was hit by Tropical Cyclone Althea, which destroyed the port almost completely. In 1982 Flinders Street in the CBD was closed to traffic and turned into a shopping mall. The Strand Beach was redeveloped into a tropical beach park with features such as a waterpark, the rockpool, and the War Museum.


title: St. Augustine, Florida

text: St. Augustine is the oldest city in the United States begun by Europeans and filled with people since it was started. The admiral from Spain, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, started St. Augustine in 1565. There was fighting between England and Spain in 1586, 1702, and 1740 over the city. Spain won each time. In 1763, St. Augustine was given to the English as part of the Treaty of Paris which ended the French and Indian War. After the American colonies became independent from England, another Treaty of Paris, this one in 1783, returned the area to Spain. In 1819, the Adams-Onís Treaty gave all of Florida to the United States.


title: Oklahoma City Thunder

text: The Oklahoma City Thunder (abbreviated OKC) are an American professional basketball franchise based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The Seattle SuperSonics franchise had moved to Oklahoma, which meant that there was a new team name (Oklahoma City Thunder). Because of this, the Thunder replaced Seattle in the Western Conference's Northwest Division and began play at Oklahoma City's Ford Center, now known as Paycom Center, during the 2008–09 NBA season.


title: London Gatwick Airport

text: London Gatwick Airport is London's second largest airport and the second busiest airport in the United Kingdom after Heathrow. It is the world's 22nd busiest airport in terms of passengers per year (7th in terms of international passengers). It is also often quoted as the world's busiest single runway airport, although strictly speaking it now has a second 'stand-by' runway, which can only be used when the main runway is out of use.


title: Panathinaikos F.C.

text: P.A.E. Panathinaikos is a football club which plays in Greece. The club based in Athens, the capital of Greece. The colours of Panathinaikos is white and green and its emblem is a shamrock. It is one of the most successful Greek team. It has won twenty Greek championships and eighteen Greek cups. It is the unique Greek club which was a runner-up of the UEFA Champions League competition, in 1971.


title: Raymond Chandler

text: Raymond Chandler (July 23, 1888 – March 26, 1959) was an American novelist and a screenwriter. He was born in Chicago. He became a detective fiction writer after he lost a position as an oil executive.


title: Simone Signoret

text: Simone Signoret (; 25 March 192130 September 1985) was a French actress. She became the second French person to win an Academy Award, for her role in "Room at the Top" (1959).


title: Casus belli

text: Casus belli is a Latin phrase for an event or a situation that directly provokes a war. Note that the plural of the phrase is also casus belli. If this was an aggression in the sense of international law, the country is allowed to start a war in self-defence. It is common to provoke an aggressor, so as to be able to legally start a war. Examples of this are the Arrow incident that started the Second Opium War, or the Maine incident, which led the United states to annex Cuba and the Philippines from the Spanish Empire. The Iraq War was started by the US and its allies, on the pretext that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction. Years after the war, it turned out he didn't have any. Another example: the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was the casus belli for the First World War.


title: St. Augustine, Florida

text: The largest sign of the years under Spain is the Castillo de San Marcos, a large masonry fort built between 1672 and 1695. This fort still stands.


title: London Gatwick Airport

text: Gatwick is in Crawley, West Sussex (it used to be Charlwood, Surrey) 5 km (3 miles) north of the town centre, 46 km (28 miles) south of London and 40 km (25 miles) north of Brighton.


title: Raymond Chandler

text: His first short story, "Blackmailers Don't Shoot", was published in 1933 in "Black Mask," a popular pulp magazine. His first novel, "The Big Sleep", was published in 1939. In addition to his short stories, Chandler published just seven novels during his lifetime. In the year before he died, he was elected president of the Mystery Writers of America. He died on March 26, 1959, in La Jolla, California.


title: Simone Signoret

text: Signoret won two Césars, three BAFTAs, an Emmy, a Cannes Film Festival Award, the Silver Bear for Best Actress awards, an NBR Award and a Golden Globe nomination.


title: London Gatwick Airport

text: Gatwick is owned and operated by a group of companies, led by Global Infrastructure Partners (GIP), after its previous owner BAA was forced to sell the airport by the Competition Commission due to its dominance in London and the South East, also owning Heathrow Airport.


title: Raymond Chandler

text: These are the criminal cases of Philip Marlowe, a Los Angeles private investigator. Their plots follow a pattern in which the men and women who hire him reveal themselves to be as corrupt, corrupting, and criminally complicit as those against whom he is hired to protect them.


title: London Gatwick Airport

text: With about 200 destinations, the airport handled over 34 million passengers with 263,363 aircraft movements in 2006. It was said that during 2007 Gatwick broke through the 35 million barrier for the first time in its history.


title: London Gatwick Airport

text: Usually, Charter airlines do not operate from Heathrow and therefore use Gatwick as their main base for London and the South East.


title: London Gatwick Airport

text: For the past 30 years, many flights to and from the USA have also used Gatwick because of the restrictions on access to Heathrow that were enshrined in the 1977 Bermuda II bilateral air services agreement between the UK and the US.


title: London Gatwick Airport

text: The airport is a major operational base for British Airways, easyJet and Virgin Atlantic. The airport is also a major base for a number of charter airlines including First Choice Airways, Thomas Cook Airlines, Thomsonfly and XL Airways. Runway 8L/26R is mostly used as a taxiway.


title: London Gatwick Airport

text: London Gatwick has a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P528) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction.


title: T.A.T.u

text: t.A.T.u., or known in Russian as Тату, was a Russian pop music duo, made up of Lena Katina and Yulia Volkova. The group was formed in 1999 in Moscow. Their albums include "200 Russian "200 Po Vstrechnoy", "200 km/h in the wrong lane", "Lyudi Invalidy", "Dangerous and moving" and "Waste management". They split in 2011.


title: Kowloon

text: Kowloon (; ) is one of the 3 main parts of Hong Kong. It comprises the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon. With a population of 2.1 million in 2011. it is the most populous area in Hong Kong.


title: Johann Pestalozzi

text: Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (12 January 1746 – 17 February 1827) was a Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer. He was a humanist and romantic in his approach.


title: Pentane

text: Pentane is an organic compound with the chemical formula of . It is an alkane with five carbon atoms. Usually, "pentane" represents all three isomers ("n"-pentane, isopentane and neopentane). But in the IUPAC, pentane only represents "n"-pentane. In the IUPAC, the other two isomers is 2-methylbutane and 2,2-dimethylpropane. Cyclopentane's chemical formula is , so it is not an isomer of pentane.


title: Grass carp

text: The grass carp ("Ctenopharyngodon idella") is a very big herbivorous and freshwater fish species of the familyfamily Cyprinidae. It is from east Asia native to eastern Asia. It was originally found from northern Vietnam to the Amur River on the Siberia-China border. This Asian carp is the only species of the genus "Ctenopharyngodon".


title: Captain America: Civil War

text: Captain America: Civil War is a 2016 superhero movie directed by the Russo brothers, based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America. The movie is produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to "" (2011) and "" (2014), and the 13th movie in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).


title: T.A.T.u

text: t.A.T.u. released their first single "All the Things She Said" in 2002. It reached number one in the United Kingdom. The song is about a relationship between two girls. In the music video Lena and Yulia kiss each other. ITV banned it from their show CD:UK. In 2003 t.A.T.U performed "Ne Ver', Ne Boysia" at the 2003 Eurovision Song Contest for their country Russia. They came third.


title: Kowloon

text: Kowloon is north of Hong Kong Island and south of the mainland part of the New Territories. The size of Kowloon is about 47 km² (18 sq mi). In law, Kowloon refers to the area south of Boundary Street and Stonecutters Island, leased to the United Kingdom by the Qing dynasty in 1860. In 1898, the Qing dynasty leased the New Territories to the United Kingdom for 99 years. New Kowloon, the area north of Boundary Street, is officially part of the New Territories. In modern culture, however, New Kowloon is part of Kowloon.


title: Johann Pestalozzi

text: He founded several schools in German and French-speaking regions of Switzerland, and wrote explaining his principles of education. His motto was "Learning by head, hand and heart".


title: Grass carp

text: It is used in China for food. It was introduced in Europe and the United States to help weed control underwater. This species of fish has the biggest production in aquaculture in the world. Over five million tonnes per year are sold.


title: Captain America: Civil War

text: The movie premiered in Los Angeles on April 12, 2016 and was released in the United States on May 6, as the first movie in Phase Three of the MCU.


title: Kowloon

text: Kowloon was developed largely in the 20th century, after Kowloon Wharf and Kowloon-Canton Railway were built. Airplanes used to fly above Kowloon to and from Kai Tak Airport until 1998, so buildings there are usually lower than the ones on Hong Kong Island because they had height restrictions. The height restrictions were lifted after the opening of the new Hong Kong International Airport in 1998.


title: Johann Pestalozzi

text: In 1780 Pestalozzi published anonymously a series of aphorisms, entitled "The Evening Hours of a Hermit". They are his earliest works which outline ideas that would later be known as Pestalozzian.


title: Captain America: Civil War

text: In a flashback from 1991, James "Bucky" Barnes/Winter Soldier, a brainwashed soldier with the same strength and power as Captain America, is ordered by the evil organization Hydra to crash a moving car and steal a case that has super-soldier serum. In Lagos, Nigeria in the present, Steve Rogers/Captain America, Natasha Romanoff/Black Widow, Sam Wilson/Falcon, and Wanda Maximoff are on a mission to stop ex-Hydra agent Brock Rumlow/Crossbones from releasing a deadly bioweapon from a lab. After a fight, Crossbones almost kills Captain America by blowing himself up, but Wanda uses her powers to lift Crossbones and let him explode in the air. The explosion kills Crossbones but also destroys a nearby building, killing a few Wakandan charity workers. Wanda is blamed for the accident, making her feel guilty.


title: Kowloon

text: The name Kowloon means "nine dragons" (九 – nine, 龍 – dragon). This refers to eight mountains and a Chinese emperor: Kowloon Peak, Tung Shan, Tate's Cairn, Temple Hill, Unicorn Ridge, Lion Rock, Beacon Hill, Crow's Nest and Emperor Bing (Song Dynasty).


title: Johann Pestalozzi

text: He drew from these experiences and published four volumes of a story titled "Leonard and Gertrude". These four volumes are about the lives of four characters: Gertrude, Glüphi, an unnamed parish clergyman and Arner. Gertrude is a wife and mother who teaches her children how to live moral upstanding lives. Glüphi, a school teacher, sees the success Gertrude has with her children and tries to model his school around her teachings. A parish clergyman also adopts Gertrude's teachings. The work of Gertrude, Glüphi and the clergyman are helped by Arner, a politician, who gets help from the state. Through these four, harmony is achieved and a comprehensive education is offered to all people.


title: Captain America: Civil War

text: The United States Secretary of State Thaddeus Ross tells the Avengers that the United Nations (UN) wants to pass a law called the Sokovia Accords to control them, because there have been a lot of Avengers-related accidents that have killed innocent people. Ross tells the Avengers that they have to sign the Accords or become criminals, and if they sign it, the Avengers will have to listen to the UN and can't make decisions by themselves anymore. Tony Stark/Iron Man is at the meeting and tells everyone that he supports the Accords because . Steve tells everyone that he doesn't support the Accords because , and he wants the Avengers to make their own decisions.


title: Kowloon

text: 2,108,419 people lived in Kowloon in 2011. 94.2% of Kowloon's residents are Chinese. Smaller groups include Indonesians (1.8%), Filipinos (1.5%), Indians (0.5%), Nepalese (0.4%), and White people (0.3%).


title: Johann Pestalozzi

text: His next endeavor, "Enquiries into the course of nature in the development of the human race", was not so popular. His education was built on the idea that all understanding can be achieved through a psychologically ordered sequence of learning.


title: Captain America: Civil War

text: While the Avengers fight over the Accords, a Sokovian man named Helmut Zemo finds the Winter Soldier's old Hydra commander and asks him for information on the 1991 mission from the flashback. When the commander doesn't tell him anything, Zemo kills him and steals a red book with commands. The UN holds a conference in Vienna, Austria to pass the Sokovia Accords but a bomb goes off and destroys the building, killing the Wakandan King T'Chaka. Security footage shows that the bomber was the Winter Soldier, and the cops hunt him. Knowing that Bucky was framed by the real bomber, Steve wants to find Bucky before the cops do. Meanwhile, T'Chaka's son, T'Challa, swears to find and kill Bucky in revenge for his father's death.


title: Kowloon

text: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Open University of Hong Kong, and City University of Hong Kong are all located in Kowloon. There are also many primary and secondary schools as well.


title: Johann Pestalozzi

text: Pestalozzi's method was used by the cantonal school in Aarau that Albert Einstein attended. It has been credited with helping Einstein's process of visualizing problems and his use of thought experiments. Einstein said of his education at Aarau: "it made me clearly realize how much superior an education based on free action and personal responsibility is to one relying on outward authority."


title: Captain America: Civil War

text: With Sharon Carter's help, Captain America and Falcon find Bucky living a normal life in Bucharest, Romania. Steve meets Bucky and tries to make him remember that he is his old friend, but Bucky tells him to leave. When the cops show up and attack them, Bucky runs away and Steve and Sam follow him. Black Panther shows up and also chases Bucky, trying to kill him. There is a big chase, which leads to the cops and James Rhodes/War Machine arresting Steve, Bucky, Sam, and Black Panther, who takes off his mask to reveal that he's T'Challa.


title: Captain America: Civil War

text: The cops take them to a building, where they imprison Bucky in a cage. Tony tries to convince Steve to sign the Accords but fails. Zemo comes to the building in disguise to "interview" Bucky, but starts reading commands from the red book. Bucky turns into the Winter Soldier, breaking out of his cage and fighting everyone, letting Zemo escape. The Winter Soldier almost escapes, but Steve stops him and sneaks him away with Sam. Ross tells Tony and Natasha that he wants to arrest Steve and his group and gives them 48 hours to bring them back. Natasha asks T'Challa for help, while Tony goes to Queens, New York City to recruit Peter Parker/Spider-Man.


title: Captain America: Civil War

text: When Bucky wakes up, he tells Steve and Sam that Zemo was the real Vienna bomber and wanted the location of a Hydra base in Siberia, where there are more Winter Soldiers like Bucky. Wanting to stop Zemo as soon as possible, Steve violates the Accords and makes a team with Sam, Bucky, Wanda, Scott Lang/Ant-Man, and Clint Barton/Hawkeye. They go to an airport in Berlin, Germany to find a jet, but they are stopped by Iron Man, Spider-Man, Black Panther, Black Widow, Vision, and War Machine. Tony tries to tell Steve to peacefully come with them, but Steve wants to fight instead. The Avengers attack each other, and Steve's team decides to let themselves be arrested so Steve and Bucky can escape in the jet. War Machine tries to follow them, but is accidentally shot down by Vision and can't move his legs anymore. Tony visits Steve's team in an underwater prison called the Raft and asks Sam where Steve and Bucky went, promising to not fight them. Sam tells him, and Tony finds out that Bucky didn't really bomb the UN.


title: Captain America: Civil War

text: Bucky, Steve, and Tony come to the Hydra facility in Siberia, and Tony says he only wants peace. They find all the other Winter Soldiers dead, and realize that Zemo's the one who did it, and he's already there. Zemo tells them that he wanted to destroy the Avengers because they accidentally killed his family in Sokovia, and plays a clip from the 1991 mission. The clip shows that the people in the car from the flashback were Tony's parents, and the Winter Soldier was the one who killed them. Tony attacks Bucky and fights Steve, angry that Steve never told him the truth. Bucky tries to escape but Tony locks him in the Hydra base with Steve. Zemo tries to kill himself but T'Challa, who followed them, stops him and arrests him. After a big fight, Steve defeats Tony and smashes the Arc Reactor in his Iron Man suit, before leaving with Bucky. Tony tells Steve to drop his shield because he doesn't deserve it; Tony and Steve are not friends anymore and the Avengers are broken.


title: Captain America: Civil War

text: Knowing that Zemo was his father's killer, T'Challa allows Bucky to recover and heal in Wakanda, which T'Challa now leads as king. Tony returns to the abandoned Avengers base and helps Rhodes use his legs again. Steve sends a letter to Tony, telling him sorry and letting him know that he'll always be there if Tony needs him. Steve breaks into the Raft and helps his friends escape.


title: Groucho Marx

text: Julius Henry Marx or Groucho Marx (October 2, 1890 – August 19, 1977), was an American comedian. He was best known for work with his siblings in The Marx Brothers and then later on his own. He was also best known for portraying a fast-talking "wise guy" with bushy eyebrows, glasses, rectangle moustache and a cigar.


title: Prickly pear

text: The prickly pear is Opuntia: a genus in the cactus family, Cactaceae. There are about 190 different species of Opuntia.


title: Tunceli

text: Tunceli is a district in Turkey. It is the capital of Tunceli Province. In 2012, about 31,000 people were living there.


title: American Beauty (movie)

text: American Beauty is a 1999 American drama movie directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball. Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham, an advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenage daughter's best friend, played by Mena Suvari. Annette Bening stars as Lester's materialistic wife, Carolyn, and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter, Jane. Wes Bentley, Chris Cooper, and Allison Janney also feature. Academics have described the movie as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction; further analysis has focused on the film's explorations of romantic and paternal love, sexuality, materialism, self-liberation, and redemption.


title: Christian IX of Denmark

text: Christian IX (8 April 181829 January 1906) was King of Denmark from 1863 until his death in 1906. From 1863 to 1864, he was the Duke of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg at the same time.


title: Prickly pear

text: The genus is named after the Ancient Greek city of Opus. There, according to Theophrastus, an edible plant grew which could be propagated by rooting its leaves.


title: American Beauty (movie)

text: Ball began writing "American Beauty" as a play in the early 1990s, partly inspired by the media circus that accompanied the Amy Fisher trial in 1992. He shelved the play after deciding that the story would not work on stage. After several years as a television screenwriter, Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the movie industry. The rewritten script had a cynical outlook influenced by Ball's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms. Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took the script for "American Beauty" to the fledgling DreamWorks studio, which bought it for $250,000, outbidding several other production bodies. DreamWorks financed the $15 million production and served as its North American distributor. "American Beauty" marked acclaimed theater director Mendes' movie debut; courted after his successful productions of the musicals "Oliver!" and "Cabaret", Mendes was nevertheless only given the job after twenty others were considered and several A-list directors reportedly turned down the opportunity.


title: Prickly pear

text: Prickly pears (mostly "Opuntia stricta") were originally imported into Australia in the 18th century for gardens. They were later used as a natural agricultural fencing. They quickly became a widespread invasive weed. They changed of farming land into an impenetrable green jungle of prickly pear, in places high.


title: American Beauty (movie)

text: Spacey was Mendes' first choice for the role of Lester, though DreamWorks urged him to consider better-known actors. Similarly, the studio suggested several actresses for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without the studio's knowledge. Filming took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on sound stages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank, California and on location in Los Angeles. Mendes' dominant directorial style was deliberate and composed; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension. Cinematographer Conrad L. Hall complemented Mendes' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events. During editing, Mendes made several changes that softened the cynical tone of Ball's script.


title: Prickly pear

text: In 1919, the Australian federal government established the Commonwealth Prickly Pear Board to coordinate efforts with state governments to eradicate the weed. Early attempts at mechanical removal and poisonous chemicals failed, so in a last resort, biological control was attempted. There is a moth, "Cactoblastis cactorum", from South America, whose larvae eat prickly pear. It was introduced in 1925 and rapidly reduced the cactus population. A memorial hall in Chinchilla (Queensland) commemorates the moth. This is one of the earliest known examples of the biological control of pests.


title: American Beauty (movie)

text: Released in North America on September 17, 1999, "American Beauty" was acclaimed by critics and audiences; it was the best-reviewed American film of the year and grossed over $350 million worldwide. Reviewers praised most aspects of the production, with particular emphasis on Mendes, Spacey and Ball; criticism tended to focus on the familiarity of the characters and setting. DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase "American Beauty"'s chances of Oscar success; at the 2000 ceremony the movie won Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor (for Spacey), Best Original Screenplay, and Best Cinematography. The movie was nominated for and won many other awards and honors, mainly for directing, writing and acting.


title: Grumman F-14 Tomcat

text: The F-14 Tomcat is a fighter plane made for the American Navy. It first flew in 1970 and started to replace the F-4 Phantom II in 1973. It could carry 6 of AIM-54 Phoenix missiles and two AIM-9 Sidewinders. The plane is supersonic and has variable-sweep wings. In 2006, the Navy stopped using it. Iran uses the F-14, but they are rumored to be in bad condition.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: Cape York Peninsula is a large remote peninsula in the far north of Queensland, Australia. It is the largest unspoilt wilderness in eastern Australia and one of the last remaining wilderness areas on Earth. The area is mostly flat and about half is used for grazing cattle. Much of the wildlife is threatened by introduced species and weeds. However, the eucalyptus wooded savannah, tropical rainforests, and other types of habitat are now recognized as being globally important.


title: Joliet, Illinois

text: Joliet is a city in Illinois in the United States. Joliet is 40 miles southwest of Chicago, and is the county seat of Will County. About 106,000 people lived in Joliet as of the year 2000, and about 146,000 people lived in Joliet as of the year 2007. Joliet is one of Illinois' quickest growing cities, and one of the quickest growing cities in the United States. It is also home to the Chicagoland Speedway used by NASCAR annually.


title: Constant

text: A constant is something that does not change. Constants (numbers) are used in maths and computer programming.


title: Ibis

text: The ibises (collective plural ibis; classical plurals ibides and ibes) are a group of long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae.


title: Charles Bridge

text: Charles Bridge is the oldest stone bridge in Europe. It had been constructed from 1357 to 1400. Until 1841, this was the only bridge to connect old street of Prague. It also played an very important role as the trade route between East and West zone of Prague. At first, it was called just "Stone Bridge" or "Praha Bridge." But it had the name of "Charles Bridge" since 1870.


title: Thessaly

text: Thessaly is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece. It is most of the ancient region of Thessaly. It is in the central part of Greece.


title: The Aviator

text: The Aviator is a 2004 American biographical epic drama movie directed by Martin Scorsese. It stars Leonardo DiCaprio as Howard Hughes. It was nominated for 11 Academy Awards, and won five, including Best Supporting Actress for Cate Blanchett, who plays Katharine Hepburn. Kate Beckinsale plays Ava Gardner. The movie also won the BAFTA Award for Best Film.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: The Cape York Peninsula region covers an area of about 137,000 km² north of 16°S latitude. From the tip of the peninsula, Cape York, it is about to New Guinea across the island and coral reefs of Torres Strait.


title: Ibis

text: They all have long down curved bills, and usually feed as a group, probing mud for food items, usually crustaceans. Most species nest in trees, often with spoonbills or herons.


title: Charles Bridge

text: The bridge is 516 meters in length and 10 meters in width. Also, it has 16 arches. At a railing of the bridge, there are thirty sculptures of saint who are famous in the Bible and History. Except the sculpture of "Jan Hus", all of sculptures are made of sandstone. Some sculptures were made in the "Age of Baroque" but most of sculptures were imitated.


title: Thessaly

text: Thessaly was known as Aeolia, and appears so in Homer's Odyssey. Thessaly became part of the modern Greek state in 1881, after four and a half centuries of Ottoman rule. Since 1987 it has been one of the country's 13 regions. It is sub-divided into five regional units and 25 municipalities. The capital of the region is Laris


title: The Aviator

text: It is about the live of Howard Hughes, his flights and his live as film producer. It ends with his Vision of all plane


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: The west coast is bordered by the Gulf of Carpentaria and the east coast by the Coral Sea. There is no clear border to the south, but the boundary in the Cape York Peninsula Heritage Act 2007 of Queensland follows the 16°S latitude.


title: Ibis

text: The word ibis comes from Greek and Latin, and probably from the Ancient Egyptian. According to Josephus, Moses employed ibes against serpents during a desert campaign into Ethiopia in his early life. Pliny the Elder also recounted, "The Egyptians invoked ibes against the serpents."


title: Charles Bridge

text: There has been legends about this bridge. One legend says that if a person touches the statue of Sanctus Loannes Nepomucenus saying the hope, the hope will come true. This is because Nepomucenus was the confessor of the queen of Bohemia. But one day king wanted to know what the queen confessed. This was because the king had a doubt that the queen had an affair with another man. However, Nepomucenus did not tell anything to king and resisted to the bitter end. So the king made Nepomucenus fall in the river. So Nepomucenus got drowned. However, He was respected as the Saint right after his death.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: At the peninsula’s widest point, it is 430 km from the Bloomfield River, on the east coast, to the Aboriginal community of Kowanyama on the west coast. It is some 660 km from the southern border, to the tip of Cape York. The largest islands in the Torres Strait include Prince of Wales Island, Horn Island, Moa, and Badu Island.


title: Ibis

text: Ancient Egyptians would make ibises into mummies and offer them to the god Thoth, whom they drew and carved with the head of an ibis. Egyptologists have found many thousands of ibis mummies in tombs. In 2019, scientists looked at the DNA from the ibis mummies and from living ibises around Africa and came to believe that the ibises that were made into mummies were not caught in the wild. Instead, ancient Egyptians fed the ibises in large lakes near their temples and caught them when they wanted them.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: Cape York is the northernmost point on the Australian continent. It was named by Lieutenant James Cook on 21 August, 1770, after Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany. The Duke was a brother of King George III of the United Kingdom, and died from illness in 1767 when he was only 20 years old:


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: The tropical landscapes are among the most stable in the world. There has been no tectonic activity for millions of years. The peninsula is an extremely eroded, almost level, low plain with mighty meandering rivers and vast floodplains. There are some very low hills, about 800m above sea level in the McIlwraith Range on the eastern side around Coen.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: Part of Australia’s Great Dividing Range, the Peninsula Ridge, is like a backbone along the peninsula. This mountain range is made up of ancient (1,500 million year-old) Precambrian and Palaeozoic rocks. To the east and west of the Peninsula Ridge lie the Carpentaria and Laura Basins, themselves made up of ancient Mesozoic sediments. There are several important landforms on the peninsula: the large area of undisturbed sand dunes on the east coast around Shelburne Bay and Cape Bedford-Cape Flattery; the huge piles of black granite boulders at Black Mountain National Park and Cape Melville; and the limestone karsts around Palmerston in the south.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: The soils are poor, even compared to other areas of Australia. They are ancient and weathered, not suitable for ploughing and do not respond to fertilizers. Because of the poor soil, the region is thinly settled. Attempts to grow commercial crops have usually failed.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: The climate on Cape York Peninsula is tropical and monsoonal. The heavy monsoon season is from November to April, during which time the forest becomes almost inhabitable. The dry season is from May to October. The temperature is warm to hot, with a cooler climate in higher areas. The mean annual temperatures range from 18 °C at higher elevations to 27 °C on the lowlands in the drier southwest. Temperatures over 40 °C and below 5 °C are rare.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: Annual rainfall is high, ranging from over 2000 mm. in the Iron Range and north of Weipa to about 700 mm. at the southern border. Most of this rain falls between November and April. Only on the eastern slopes of the Iron Range is the median rainfall between June and September above 5mm (0.2 inches). Between January and March, however, the median monthly rainfall ranges from about 170mm (6.5 inches) in the south to over 500mm (20 inches) in the north and on the Iron Range.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: The Peninsula Ridge forms the drainage divide between the Gulf of Carpentaria and the Coral Sea. To the west, large, winding river systems including the Mitchell, Coleman, Holroyd, Archer, Watson, Wenlock, Ducie and Jardine flow into the Gulf of Carpentaria. During the Dry season, those rivers become a series of waterholes and sandy beds. Yet, with the heavy rains in the Wet season, they become mighty waterways, spreading across huge floodplains and coastal wetlands and giving life to many freshwater and wetland species.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: On the Eastern slopes, the shorter, faster-flowing Jacky Jacky Creek, Olive, Pascoe, Lockhart, Stewart, Jeannie and Endeavour Rivers flow towards the Coral Sea. These provide important freshwater and nutrients to the healthiest section of the Great Barrier Reef. Along their banks, those wild, undisturbed rivers are lined with dense rainforests, sand dunes or mangroves.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: The floodplains of the Laura Basin are now protected in the Lakefield and Jack River National Parks. The plains are crossed by the Morehead, Hann, North Kennedy, Laura, Jack and Normanby Rivers.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: The Peninsula’s rivers are famous for their hydrological integrity. This means that they are still in their natural state, with water flows and vegetation unchanged. Cape York Peninsula is one of the few places where tropical water cycles remain unchanged. Cape York Peninsula has as much as a quarter of Australia's surface runoff. With less than 3% of Australia's land area it produces more run-off than all of Australia south of the Tropic of Capricorn. The peninsula’s rivers are also important as they put water back into central Australia’s Great Artesian Basin. The Queensland Government is planning to protect 13 of Cape York Peninsula’s wild rivers under the Wild Rivers Act 2005.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: Around 40 million years ago, the Indo-Australian tectonic plate began to split apart from the ancient supercontinent Gondwana. As it crashed into the Pacific Plate on its northward journey, the high mountain ranges of central New Guinea were made around 5 million years ago. Protected from this collision zone, the ancient rocks of what is now Cape York Peninsula were did not move.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: During the Pleistocene epoch Australia and New Guinea have been land-linked and separated by water a number of times. During the ice ages with their low sea levels, Cape York Peninsula was a low-lying land bridge. Another link existed between Arnhem Land and New Guinea, at times making a big freshwater lake, Lake Carpentaria, in the centre of what is now the Gulf of Carpentaria. In this way, Australia and New Guinea were joined until the shallow Torres Strait was last flooded around 8,000 years ago.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: Cape York Peninsula has a range of intact tropical rainforests, tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannahs, and shrublands, tropical savannahs, heath lands, wetlands, wild rivers and mangrove swamps. These are home to about 3300 species of flowering plants. Almost all of the Cape York Peninsula (99.6%) still has its native vegetation. Cape York Peninsula also contains one of the highest rates of endemism in Australia, with more than 260 endemic plant species found so far. Because of this, parts of the Peninsula have been noted for their very high wilderness quality. The plants of the peninsula includes original Gondwanan species, plants that have developed since the breakup of Gondwana and species from Indo-Malaya and from across the Torres Strait in New Guinea. Most variety is in the rainforest areas. Most of the Cape York Peninsula is drier than New Guinea which stops the rainforest plants of that island from moving across to Australia.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: Most of the Cape York Peninsula is covered in grass and woodlands. These have a tall, thick grass layer and scattered trees, mostly eucalypts. The most common tree is the Darwin stringybark. Although common and complete on the peninsula, tropical savannahs are now rare and in poor condition in other parts of the world.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: Tropical rainforests cover an area of 748,000 ha, or 5.6 percent of the total land area of Cape York Peninsula. Rainforests need some rainfall during the long Dry season. These conditions are mostly on the eastern slopes of the Cape’s coastal ranges. These are old-growth forests and support a huge range of plants. These rainforests are of high conservation significance. The largest rainforest area on the Cape is in the McIllwraith Range-Iron Range area. The Gondwanan plants of this area includes Araucariaceae and Podocarpaceae conifers and Arthrochilus, Corybas, and Calochilus orchids. This rainforest has at least 1000 different plants, including 100 rare or threatened species, and 16% of Australia's orchid species.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: On poor, dry soils there are tropical heathlands. Northeast Cape York Peninsula has Australia’s largest areas of this highly diverse ecosystem.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: The big wetlands on Cape York Peninsula are “among the largest, richest and most diverse in Australia”. 19 wetlands of national significance have been identified, mostly on the large floodplains and in coastal areas. Important wetlands include the Jardine River National Park, Lakefield National Park and the estuaries of the great rivers of the western plains. Many of these wetland only happen during the Wet season and have rare or uncommon plant types.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: The Peninsula’s coastal areas and river estuaries are lined with mangrove forests of kwila and other trees. Australia’s largest mangrove forest is at Newcastle Bay.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: The Cape has lots of animals, with more than 700 vertebrate land animal species . Of these, 40 live only here. Because of its geological history, the plants and animals "of Cape York Peninsula are a complex mixture of Gondwanan relics, Australian isolationists and Asian or New Guinean invaders” (p. 41). Birds include Buff-breasted Buttonquail (Turnix olivii), Golden-shouldered Parrot "(Psephotus chrysopterygius)", Lovely Fairywren "(Malurus amabilis)", White-streaked Honeyeater "(Trichodere cockerelli)", and Yellow-spotted Honeyeater "(Meliphaga notata)". Some, such as Pied Oystercatcher, live in other parts of Australia but have important populations on the peninsula. The Cape is also home to the Eastern brown snake, one of the world's most venomous snakes. Mammals include the endangered rodent Bramble Cay Melomys, which lives only on Bramble Cay in the Torres Strait.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: The rainforests of the Iron Range have species that also live in New Guinea, including the Eclectus Parrot and Southern Common Cuscus. Other rainforest animals includes 200 species of butterfly including 11 endemic butterflies one of which is the huge Green Birdwing, the Green Tree Python and the Northern Quoll. Number of this forest marsupial have dropped because they have tried to eat the introduced poisonous cane toads.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: The riverbanks of the lowlands are home to specific wildlife of their own. The rivers including the Jardine, Jackson, Olive, Holroyd and the Wenlock are rich in fish. The wetlands and coastal mangroves are noted for their importance as a fish nursery and crocodile habitat, providing important drought refuge. The Great Barrier Reef is off the east coast and is an important marine habitat.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: Cattle farms use about 57% of the total area, mostly in central and eastern Cape York Peninsula. About 20% is indigenous land, with the entire West coast being held under Native title. The remainder is mostly National Park and managed by the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service. Land uses include broad acre pastoralism, bauxite and silica sand mining, nature reserves, tourism and fishing. There are big deposits of bauxite along the west or Gulf of Carpentaria coast. Weipa is the centre for mining. Much has been damaged by overgrazing, mining, fires, wild pigs, cane toads, weeds, and other introduced species. But Cape York Peninsula remains fairly unspoilt with intact and healthy river systems and no recorded plant or animal extinction since European settlement.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: The "Cape York Peninsula Land Use Strategy" study, by the Australian government in 1990, created plans to protect the wilderness. A nomination for World Natural Heritage is currently being looked at by the Queensland and Australian Federal governments. Major national parks include the Jardine River National Park in the far north, Mungkan Kandju National Park near Aurukun, and Lakefield National Park in the southeast of the bioregion.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: The first known contact between Europeans and Aborigines took place on the west coast of the peninsula in 1606. It was not settled by Europeans until the 19th century when fishing communities, then cattle ranches and later mining towns were started. European settlement led to the displacement of Aboriginal communities and the arrival of Torres Strait Islanders on the mainland. Today the peninsula has about 18,000 people. About 60% of them are Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: The administrative and commercial centre for much of Cape York Peninsula is Cooktown, in its far southeastern corner. The peninsula’s largest settlement is the mining town Weipa on the Gulf of Carpentaria. Most of the Peninsula has few people, with half the people living in very small settlements and cattle ranches. Along the Peninsula Developmental Road, there are small service centres at Lakeland, Laura and Coen. At the tip of Cape York, there is a sizeable service centre on nearby Thursday Island. Aboriginal communities are at Hopevale, Pormpuraaw, Kowanyama, Aurukun, Lockhart River, Napranum, Mapoon, Injinoo, New Mapoon and Umagico. Torres Strait Islander communities on the mainland are at Bamaga and Seisia. A completely sealed inland road links Cairns and the Atherton Tableland to Lakeland Downs and Cooktown. The road north of Lakeland Downs to the tip of the Peninsula is sometimes cut after heavy rains during the wet season (roughly December to May).


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: The Peninsula is a popular with tourists in the Dry Season for camping, hiking, birdwatching and fishing. Many people make the adventurous, but rewarding, drive to the tip of Cape York, the northernmost point of mainland Australia.


title: Cape York Peninsula

text: Some of the world's most extensive and ancient Aboriginal rock painting galleries surround the town of Laura, some of which are available for public viewing. There is also a new Interpretive Centre from which information on the rock art and local culture is available and tours can be arranged.


title: Armenia national football team

text: The Armenia national football team is the national football team of Armenia. After the split of the Soviet Union, they played their first match against Moldova on 12 October 1992.


title: 1944 Summer Olympics

text: The games were cancelled because of World War II. They would have been held in London, England, which won the bid in the June 1939 International Olympic Committee election, over Rome, Detroit, Lausanne, Athens, Budapest, Helsinki and Montreal.


title: Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo

text: Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo SDB, GCL (born February 3, 1948) is a Roman Catholic bishop. Together with José Ramos-Horta, they both received 1996 Nobel Peace Prize, for their work "towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor."


title: Muscovy duck

text: The Muscovy duck ("Cairina moschata") is a duck from Mexico. Its common name muscovy duck comes from commerce with Russia. It is related to Aix, a species of shelduck.


title: Hongwu Emperor

text: The Hongwu Emperor (October 21, 1328– June 24, 1398), known in China as , was the first emperor of the Ming part of China's history.


title: Traditional medicine

text: Traditional medicine is a branch of medicine where treatment is based on knowledge passed on within certain cultures before the era of modern medicine.


title: Albert Bandura

text: Albert Bandura (; December 4, 1925 – July 26, 2021) was a Canadian-American psychologist. He was a Professor Emeritus of Social Science in Psychology at Stanford University. He was born in Mundare, Alberta. He was of influence in the transition between behaviorism and cognitive psychology. His later work focused on social cognitive theory, therapy, and personality psychology.


title: 1944 Summer Olympics

text: In spite of the war, the IOC had many events at its headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland to celebrate its 50th anniversary. These events happened on 17 June to 19 June 1944 and were called "The Jubilee Celebrations of IOC" by Carl Diem, the man who began the modern tradition of the Olympic torch relay.


title: Hongwu Emperor

text: The Hongwu Emperor's real name was . It is written in Chinese writing. His given name was Chongba and his family were the Zhus, but Chinese people write their family names first. His name means "Double Eight", which is a lucky number in Chinese culture. People say his parents called him that because their ages at the time added together to make 88. He was also their eighth child.


title: Albert Bandura

text: He was known for creating social learning theory and the theoretical construct of self-efficacy. He was also responsible for the creation of the 1961 Bobo doll experiment.


title: 1944 Summer Olympics

text: Polish POWs in the Woldenberg (Dobiegniew) Oflag II-C POW camp were granted permission by their Nazi captors to have an unofficial "POW Olympics" in 1944, showing that the Olympic spirit can survive even during war.


title: Hongwu Emperor

text: In old China, there were many rules about names and who could use them. People used boys' real names but, when they became men at age 20, only older members of their families could call them that. Other people used a special courtesy name to be polite. When he became a man, Zhu Chongba chose the name Xīngzōng, meaning that he wanted to bring success in honor of his dead family members. This name is written in the traditional writing used on Taiwan and Hong Kong and in the simplified writing now used by the PRC. When he started to become a successful leader, he started to use a third name: . This name is written in Chinese writing. He also sometimes used the courtesy name Guóruì, meaning "National Luckiness".


title: Hongwu Emperor

text: In old China, the Chinese emperors did not number their years from one place. Instead, they gave names to eras (groups of years) any time they wanted. Some emperors made 10 or more eras while they led China. Zhu Yuanzhang started his era when he took Khanbaliq (now Beijing) from the Yuan emperor Toghon Temür in 1368. He said this was the 1st year of the "Very Warlike Era", which sounds like "Hóngwǔ" and is written in Chinese. He only had this one era when he was emperor, so people also called him the "Emperor of the Hongwu Era" or "Hóngwǔdì" ().


title: Hongwu Emperor

text: When he was the emperor of China, Chinese people just called him the "Emperor". If they met him, they used very polite terms like "Bìxià" (, "Your Highness") to speak to him. After he died, the next emperors gave him a new, long, and very polite name and called him "Míng Tàizǔ" (), the "Greatest Dead Family Member" of the Ming. After the Xinhai and Communist changes in government of China, people are less polite when they talk about the old emperors. They usually just call him by his everyday name Zhu Yuanzhang like a common person. In English, it's more common to talk about him as the Hongwu Emperor.


title: Hongwu Emperor

text: Zhu Chongba was born on October 21, 1328, during the Yuan part of China's history. His father ZhuWusi () or ZhuShizhen () and his mother Chen Erniang were farmers near a small town called Zhongli near the Huai River in central China. Today, it's within Fengyang, Anhui. His family had so little money that they had no land themselves and needed to borrow other people's farmland. They could not feed all their children and had to give away some of them to other people.


title: Hongwu Emperor

text: When Zhu was 16 years old, there was no rain for a long time. Because only a little food could grow, everyone left in his family died except for Zhu and one of his brothers. Not knowing what else to do, he joined the Huangjue Buddhist temple as a monk. It did not have much money either and could not give him food for very long, so he soon left. He walked around, asking people for money or food, for about 3 years. Then he went back to Huangjue Temple and stayed there until he was 24. The other monks at the temple taught him to read and write.


title: Hongwu Emperor

text: People were very angry with the Yuan leaders of China at the time. They were Mongolian people, but most Chinese were Han. Many people started fighting the government. The Yuan army would stop them but hurt many people as they did. Then more people joined in fighting the government. Zhu was one of these. An army destroyed his temple and he started joining the people fighting against them in 1352. He quickly became a leader and joined his fighters with the Red Turbans. In 1356, he took Nanjing and made it the capital of his own small country. He made laws and kept his people mosty safe, so many more people left to join him. This made him even stronger.


title: Hongwu Emperor

text: He died on June 24, 1398, and was followed as emperor by his grandson Zhu Yunwen, who became the Jianwen Emperor.


title: Butte County, California

text: Butte County is a county in the state of California. It is in the United States. The county borders Tehama County to the north and Glenn County to the west. It is in the north part of the Central Valley of California. Butte County was founded in 1850.


title: News agency

text: In the United Kingdom and some other countries a news agency or newsagent is a shop which sells newspapers, magazines and cigarettes.


title: Philip Johnson

text: Philip Cortelyou Johnson (July 8, 1906 – January 25, 2005) American architect. He is especially known for his postmodern work since the 1980s.


title: Lens (anatomy)

text: The crystalline lens is a transparent, biconvex structure in the eye. With the cornea it helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. The lens changes shape. This changes the focal distance of the eye so that it can focus on objects at various distances. This adjustment of the lens is called accommodation. It is similar to the focusing of a photographic camera when it focuses its lenses. The lens is flatter on the inside.


title: Ringed seal

text: The ringed seal ("Pusa hispida"), also known as the jar seal and as netsik or nattiq by the Inuit, is an earless seal. They live in the Arctic and sub-Arctic areas. The ringed seal is a small seal. They are rarely greater than 1.5 m in length.


title: Vestmannaeyjar

text: Vestmannaeyjar (sometimes called the Westman Islands) is a town and archipelago off the south coast of Iceland.


title: Butte County, California

text: Its county seat is Oroville, and its biggest city is Chico. The county has a land area of 1,677 square miles (4,343 square kilometers), 38 square miles (98 square kilometers) of which is water. The Sacramento River flows along it in a north-south direction and the Feather River flows through it in an east-west direction. The Sierra Nevada mountains rise above the county on the east side.


title: News agency

text: Although there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP), and Reuters have offices in most countries of the world, cover all areas of information, and provide the majority of international news printed by the world's newspapers.


title: Philip Johnson

text: Johnson was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He was raised in Tarrytown, New York. He studied at Harvard University.


title: Lens (anatomy)

text: The lens is also called the "aquula" (Latin, "a little stream", dim. of "aqua", "water") or "crystalline lens". In humans, the refractive power of the lens in its natural environment is approximately 18 dioptres. This is about one-third of the eye's total power.


title: Ringed seal

text: They have a distinctive patterning of dark spots surrounded by light grey rings. It is the most abundant and wide-ranging ice seal in the northern hemisphere. The live throughout the Arctic Ocean, into the Bering Sea and Okhotsk Sea as far south as the northern coast of Japan in the Pacific, and throughout the North Atlantic coasts of Greenland and Scandinavia as far south as Newfoundland, and include two freshwater subspecies in northern Europe. Ringed seals are one of the main prey of polar bears. They have long been a part of the diet of indigenous people of the Arctic.


title: Vestmannaeyjar

text: The town was evacuated in 1973 because of the Eldfell eruption. The eruption destroyed one fifth of the town before the lava flow was stopped by putting 1.5 billion gallons (6.8 billion litres) of cold water on it.


title: Butte County, California

text: California State Route 32, California State Route 70, and California State Route 99 run through the county. Airports in the county include Chico Municipal Airport, Oroville Municipal Airport, Paradise Airport, Ranchaero Airport and Richvale Airport.


title: Philip Johnson

text: In 1930, he founded the Department of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. In 1978 he was awarded an American Institute of Architects Gold Medal and in 1979 the first Pritzker Architecture Prize.


title: Ringed seal

text: The ringed seal is the smallest and most common seal in the Arctic. They have a small head, short cat-like snout, and a plump body. Their coat is dark with silver rings on their back and sides with a silver belly. Depending on subspecies and condition, adult size can range from 100 to 175 cm (40-69 in) and weigh from 32 to 140 kg (70-308 lbs). The seal averages about 5 ft (1.5 m) long with a weight of about 50–70 kg (110-150 lbs). Their small front flippers have claws more than 1 inch (2.5 cm) thick that are used to make breathing holes through 6.5 ft (2 m) thick ice.


title: Vestmannaeyjar

text: The islands are named after the Gaelic slaves who had been captured by the Norsemen. The Old Norse word, "Vestmenn" (meaning Westmen), was applied to the slaves and was retained in Icelandic.


title: Philip Johnson

text: Johnson died in his sleep while at his Glass House retreat in New Canaan, Connecticut. He was survived by his partner of 45 years, David Whitney,


title: Ringed seal

text: Ringed seals live throughout the Arctic Ocean. They can be found in the Baltic Sea, the Bering Sea and the Hudson Bay. They like to rest on ice floe and will move farther north for denser ice. One subspecies can be found in freshwater.


title: Vestmannaeyjar

text: After Ingólfr Arnarson first arrived in Iceland, his brother Hjörleifr Hróðmarsson was murdered by the Gaelic slaves. In response, he tracked the slaves down to the islands are murdered all of them, hence the name Vestmannaeyjar (the islands of the west men).


title: Ringed seal

text: Females reach sexual maturity at 4 years. Males do not reach maturity until 7 years old. During the spring breeding season, females make lairs in the thick ice and give birth in these structures. Females give birth to a single pup in March or April after a 9 month gestation period. Pups are weaned after one month. They build up a thick layer of blubber.


title: Vestmannaeyjar

text: On 16 July 1627, the islands were captured by a group of North African pirates who stayed there until 19 July. They were under control of the Ottomans. The pirates captured 234 people from the islands and took them on a 27-day voyage to Algiers, where most of them spent their life under bondage. One of the prisoners, minister Ólafur Egilsson, returned in 1628 to the islands and wrote a book about his experience. In 1636, a ransom was paid for 34 of the captives, and most of them returned to Iceland. After this, a fort was built on the Helgafell volcano to keep watch for ships.


title: Ringed seal

text: Females usually begin mating in late April. Males will roam the ice for a mate. When found, the male and female may spend several days together before mating. Then the male looks for another mate.


title: Vestmannaeyjar

text: For centuries, the people who lived on the islands survived from fishing and eating birds and their eggs. At the end of the 19th century, the lifestyle of the islanders greatly improved. In 1904, the first motorised boat was purchased, and more followed soon afterwards. By 1930, the population had risen from 600 in 1900 to 3,470. The islands have since been known for being a great fishing and sea processing developer.


title: Ringed seal

text: Ringed seals live about 25 to 30 years. They are solitary animals. They separate themselves from each other by hundreds of yards.


title: Vestmannaeyjar

text: In 2000, the Norwegian government gifted Iceland with the Heimaey stave church. This was to celebrate the conversion of Iceland to Christianity a thousand years earlier.


title: Ringed seal

text: Ringed seals eat a wide variety of small prey. They eat 72 species of fish and invertebrates. Their prey of choice includes mysids, shrimp, arctic cod, and herring. While feeding, ringed seals dive to depths of 35 to 150 ft (10–45 m). In the summer ringed seals feed along edge of the sea-ice for polar cod. In shallow water they feed on smaller cod. Ringed seals may also eat herring, smelt, whitefish, sculpin, perch, and crustaceans.


title: Vestmannaeyjar

text: The Vestmannaeyjar archipelago is geologically young. They have been formed by eruptions over the past 10,000–12,000 years. The volcanic system is made up of 70–80 volcanoes.


title: Ringed seal

text: Ringed seal are an important food item in particular for polar bears. During the pupping season, arctic fox and glaucous gulls take ringed seal pups born outside lairs. Killer whales, Greenland sharks and occasionally Atlantic walruses prey upon them in the water.


title: Vestmannaeyjar

text: There are a total of 15 islands, and about 30 rock stacks and skerries. All islands were formed from underwater eruptions and are made up of palagonite tuff and lava. The oldest island is Heimaey ("Home Island"). Basalt columns can be seen in many places, along with coves caused by soft rock erosion.


title: Vestmannaeyjar

text: The Eldfell eruption caused Heimaey to grow by about 2.1 square kilometres (0.81 sq mi). The highest point in Vestmannaeyjar is at around 900 feet on the Heimaey island.


title: Vestmannaeyjar

text: There is little snow in Vestmannaeyjar, but plenty of rain. Because of this, migrating birds are often seen in spring and leave during autumn. All of Iceland's seabirds can be found in Vestmannaeyjar: the guillemot, gannet, kittiwake, Iceland gull, and puffin. The puffin is the Vestmannaeyjar emblem, and can be seen all around the island.


title: Vestmannaeyjar

text: There are about 150 plant species on the island, along with 80 types of insects. The waters around the island have some of the North Atlantic's richest fishing grounds. The two main commercially used fish in Iceland, the cod and haddock, are found in great amounts near the island. Other types of fish near the islands include flatfish, herring, capelin, lobsters and ocean perch. Seals, small types of whales and other marine species are also present in large numbers around the islands.


title: Vestmannaeyjar

text: The islands receive a lot of rain considering its latitude. Vestmannaeyjar has a tundra climate (closely bordering the subpolar oceanic climate) under the Köppen climate classification. There is a lot of wind on the islands. The highest wind speed recorded in Iceland (61 metres per second;140 mph) was recorded at the southern point of the Heimaey island. However, the island enjoys the highest annual temperature in Iceland.


title: Wilhelm Reich

text: Wilhelm Reich (March 24, 1897 – November 3, 1957) was an Austrian-American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. In the 1920s he was a pupil of Sigmund Freud in Vienna and made important contributions to psychoanalysis ("Charakteranalyse" 1933; engl. 1945ff). His work was rediscovered by the activists of the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s.


title: Brown algae

text: Brown algae are a large group of multicellular algae. All the brown algae are multicellular. Most brown algae have fucoxanthin, a chemical that gives them a brown color. They include many seaweeds in colder waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Most brown algae live in marine environments, where they play an important role both as food and as a potential habitat.


title: Aegukga

text: "Aegukga" (, Hanja: 愛國歌, ), meaning The Patriotic Song is the national anthem of the Republic of Korea (South Korea). It should not be confused with North Korea's anthem, which has the same name.


title: Epoch (astronomy)

text: In astronomy, an epoch (or sometimes epochal moment) is a moment in time for which the position or the orbital elements of a celestial body are specified.


title: Goodison Park

text: Goodison Park is the stadium of the English football club Everton FC and is in the heart of the City of Liverpool. Everton FC is one of the founder members of the football league and holds the record as the longest serving football club in the top tier of English Football.


title: Berberis

text: Berberis or barberry is a genus of shrub, usually with spines and yellow flowers and red or blackish berries. It is used for medicines.


title: The Fast and the Furious (2001 movie)

text: The Fast and the Furious is a 2001 American-German action movie directed by Rob Cohen, produced by Neal H. Moritz and written by Gary Scott Thompson and David Ayer. It is the first installment in The Fast and the Furious franchise. The movie stars Paul Walker, Vin Diesel, Michelle Rodriguez, Jordana Brewster, Rick Yune, Chad Lindberg, Johnny Strong, and Ted Levine. The movie follows undercover cop Brian O'Conner, who is tasked with stopping a group of unknown hijackers using high-performance racecars to hijack 18-wheelers. It is an international co-production between the United States and Germany.


title: Obi-Wan Kenobi

text: Obi-Wan Kenobi, also known as Ben Kenobi, is a fictional character in the "Star Wars" universe. He is one of several primary characters and one of the protagonist in the "Star Wars" series. He is a Jedi Master.


title: Great Falls, Montana

text: Great Falls is a city in west-central Montana. It is the county seat of Cascade County. The 2015 census estimates put the population at more than 59,000 people.


title: Black Mirror

text: Black Mirror is a British science fiction television series. It was created by Charlie Brooker, who also writes the episodes. The series mostly explores dystopian futures that could happen because of new technology, with a dark and satirical tone. The show is an anthology series, which means it has new stories and characters every episode.


title: Ventilator

text: A ventilator is a machine which artificially moves air in and out of the lungs of a patient in order to help them breathe if that patient cannot breathe on their own or breathe properly. Some ventilators can also be used in order give patients anesthesia and can be part of an anesthetic machine.


title: Lorenzo Insigne

text: Lorenzo Insigne (born 4 June 1991) is an Italian football player. He plays as a forward for Napoli, for which he is captain, and the Italy national team.


title: Wilhelm Reich

text: During the 1920s Reich became involved in the social struggles of the time. In 1927 he joined the Communist Party. There he founded "SexPol", short for Sexual Politics. In 1933 he was kicked off from the Party, and in 1934 from the organisations of Psychoanalysis. At this time he started his own research on the biological foundations of psychoanalysis, later on called "orgonomy". Orgonomy was to be the science of orgone, a "primordial energy" Reich claimed to have discovered.


title: Brown algae

text: There are 2000 species of brown algae. Most species live in the ocean. They are important as food and as homes for many animals and marine life. Some brown algae are gathered by humans for food. The giant kelp "Macrocystis" is a brown alga that forms underwater forests, and it may grow to 60 meters. The Sargasso Sea gets its name from the "Sargassum" seaweed that floats on the surface. Many brown algae grow on rocks at the seashore.


title: Epoch (astronomy)

text: The position at other times can be measured by taking into account proper motion or orbital motion. In the case of orbital elements for a solar system body, these change due to perturbation by other bodies in our solar system.


title: Obi-Wan Kenobi

text: With Anakin Skywalker/Darth Vader, R2-D2, and C-3PO, he is one of the few major characters to appear in all of the six "Star Wars" movies. He is portrayed in the original trilogy by Alec Guinness and in the prequel trilogy by Ewan McGregor and voiced by James Arnold Taylor in "Star Wars: The Clone Wars" series and "Star Wars Rebels" series.


title: Great Falls, Montana

text: Great Falls takes its name from the series of five waterfalls close together along the upper Missouri River. It is home to the C. M. Russell Museum Complex, the University of Providence, and Great Falls College.Near the town is Malmstrom Air Force Base.


title: Ventilator

text: There are different types of ventilators which can work differently, but they all help pump air into and out of the lungs using pressure.


title: Wilhelm Reich

text: The other side of Reich's story is that he was blamed to have invented a pseudoscience method for treating cancer. He was exposed as a fraud in 1947 articles by journalist Mildred Edie Brady, published in the magazines "Harper's" and "The New Republic", the latter titled "The Strange Case of Wilhelm Reich," with the subhead, "The man who blames both neuroses and cancer on unsatisfactory sexual activities has been repudiated by only one scientific journal". The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decided that they were dealing with a "fraud of the first magnitude".


title: Brown algae

text: Brown algae are unique among heterokonts in developing into multicellular forms with differentiated tissues. But they reproduce by means of flagellated spores and gametes that look like the cells of other heterokonts. Genetic studies show their closest relatives to be the yellow-green algae (Xanthophyceae).


title: Ventilator

text: Some types of ventilators require someone else to make them work by hand and help the patient breathe for a short period of time: they are called manual resuscitators.


title: Wilhelm Reich

text: Finally, in 1956 Reich violated an injunction got by the FDA, and was arrested. All his research equipment including his books was destroyed. He was sentenced to two years prison. Reich died on 3 November 1957 (aged 60) in the United States Penitentiary, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, Opinions about him remain very divided.


title: Ventilator

text: Bag-valve masks (BMVs) have an oxygen mask which covers the nose and mouth of the patient, a one-way valve attached between the mask and the bag which filters the moving air and prevents the air to be breathed back into the bag, and an inflatable bag which holds the air in and is squeezed by hand. An operator squeezes the bag which forces air into the patient's lungs, and as the hand releases the bag is the patient breathes out into the outer environment and the bag refills itself with outside air. The bag is squeezed and released by hand repeatedly in order to keep the patient breathing.


title: Wilhelm Reich

text: Reich had founded "Orgonon" in Rangeley, Maine after immigrating to the US. It was his home, laboratory and research center, and also Reich's burial place. It is now open to the public as the Wilhelm Reich Museum.


title: Ventilator

text: Amnesia bags is another type of manual resuscitator in which the bag does not refill itself with air as the patient is breathing. Instead, the bag is filled with air or gas beforehand and the bag is either squeezed by hand or the patient can inhale the air or gas inside of bath if they can breathe on their own.


title: Ventilator

text: Mechanical ventilators work by themselves without manual operation and are usually controlled by computers, and can be powered by either electricity connected to a wall outlet or battery, or pneumatics without the use of electricity. The air can be moved in and out of the patient by attaching an oxygen mask on the patient or by connecting the ventilator to a breathing tube inserted into the nostrils, the larynx or the trachea. They are used to help the patient breathe for a long period of time.


title: Ventilator

text: Positive pressure ventilators work by blowing air from the outside or from an oxygen tank or air tank through a pneumatic reservoir which holds and compressing the air, or through a turbine which turns around and forces the air through a mask or breathing tube and into the patient. As the air is forced into the lungs, the patient would later breathe out through a "patient circuit" with a one-way valve.


title: Ventilator

text: On the other hand, a negative pressure ventilator, also known as an "iron lung" or a tank respirator, is a chamber which is enclosed around the patient's chest and lowers the pressure inside the chamber around the chest area to a point in which the pressure inside the chamber is less than the pressure outside allowing the patient to breathe in, and then the pressure inside heightens to a point in which the pressure inside the chamber is greater than the pressure outside allowing the patient to breathe out. This process occurs periodically. Negative pressure ventilators are now considered obsolete and instead positive pressure ventilators are used in its place.


title: Battle of Ðiện Biên Phủ

text: The battle of Ðiện Biên Phủ was a 1954 battle between Vietnamese and French forces. Vietnam won, which made the French give up in the First Indochina War. The independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was secured, and Vietnam was divided into into North Vietnam and South Vietnam.


title: Schaerbeek

text: Schaerbeek (in French) or Schaarbeek (in Dutch) is a municipality in the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium.


title: Red-crowned crane

text: The red-crowned crane ("Grus japonensis"), also called the Japanese crane or Manchurian crane, is a large crane. It is the second rarest crane in the world after the North American whooping crane. In East Asia, it is known as a symbol of luck and fidelity. At 55 inches high, the crane does not make easy prey, for all that it stands out in its natural habitat of marshes and swamps. When it matures, the red-crowned crane is snow white with a patch of red skin on its head.


title: Juan Sebastián Verón

text: Juan Sebastián Verón (born 9 March 1975) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Estudiantes La Plata and Argentina national team.


title: Ayaan Hirsi Ali

text: Ayaan Hirsi Ali (born 13 November 1969) is a Dutch-American activist who was born in Somalia. She is known for being critical of female genital mutilation and Islam. She is the daughter of Somali politician Hirsi Magan Isse. In 2005 Hirsi Ali was in "Time" magazine's list of the 100 most influential people in the world. Hirsi Ali became an American citizen in 2013. She is married to British historian and public commentator Niall Ferguson.


title: Gloria Gaynor

text: Gloria Gaynor (born Gloria Fowles, September 7, 1943 near Newark, New Jersey) is an American recording artist and musician. She performed disco in the 1970s. She is best known for her classic song "I Will Survive".


title: Robert Graves

text: Robert von Ranke Graves (also known as Robert Ranke Graves and most commonly Robert Graves; 24 July 1895 – 7 December 1985) was an English poet, novelist, critic and classicist. He wrote more than 140 works. He wrote poems about Greek myths and historical novels. Many of his novels were set in ancient Rome or were about stories from Greek myths. He also wrote about Greek myths and translated them into English.


title: Thomas Schelling

text: Thomas Crombie Schelling (14 April 1921 – 13 December 2016) was an American economist and professor of foreign affairs, national security, nuclear strategy, and arms control.


title: Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress

text: Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit. It is presented each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is to recognize an actress with an outstanding performance in a movie. Since the beginning, the award has commonly been called the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress.


title: Andrea del Sarto

text: Andrea del Sarto (born 16 July 1486) was an Italian painter. He was considered an important artist during his lifetime.


title: Euroscepticism

text: Euroscepticism is the criticism of the European Union (EU). Some observers also say that the total rejection of the EU is euroscepticism. Euroscepticism should not be confused with Anti-Europeanism, which is the dislike or fear of European culture and/or people.


title: Battle of Ðiện Biên Phủ

text: With the launch of Operation Castor, French soldiers were dropped from the Red River Delta by air, deep into the northwestern hills of Vietnam, into Việt Minh territory. They established a well-fortified garrison at Ðiện Biên Phủ, alongside an airstrip to supply their troops. That was an attempt to lure the Vietnamese guerrilla fighters, commanded by General Võ Nguyên Giáp, into an all-out firefight to inflict devastating losses in which the French would use their heavy artillery and superior firepower.


title: Red-crowned crane

text: In the spring and summer, the red-crowned crane lives in Siberia, where their eggs hatch. Normally the crane lays two eggs, but usually only one chick survives. Later, in the autumn, it migrates in flocks to Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan, and other countries in East Asia to spend the winter. All red-crowned cranes migrate, except for a flock that stays in Hokkaido, year long.


title: Ayaan Hirsi Ali

text: Hirsi Ali was born as Ayaan Hirsi Magan in 1969 in Mogadishu, Somalia. Her father Hirsi Magan Isse was put in prison when Hirsi Ali was a baby. She had female genital mutilation done to her when she was five years old. Hirsi Ali's family moved with her to Saudi Arabia then Ethiopia. In 1980 they moved again to Nairobi, Kenya. Hirsi Ali studied at a Muslim Girls' Secondary School.


title: Robert Graves

text: Graves was born in Wimbledon, now part of London. He was the third of five children. His father was Alfred Perceval Graves (1846–1931). He came from an Irish family. His mother was Amalie von Ranke (1857–1951). She came from a German family. Robert went to many schools when he was young. In 1909 he won a scholarship to Charterhouse, a famous boarding school in Surrey.When the First World War began in August 1914, Graves joined the army right away. He wrote many poems about the war. He became a good friend of another war poet, Siegfried Sassoon. Graves was very badly wounded in the Battle of the Somme. He nearly died and was sent back to a hospital in England. He also had mental problems called by shell shock from the bad experience of battle. His mental problems lasted for several years.


title: Thomas Schelling

text: After 1953, he left government to join the economics faculty at Yale University, and in 1958 he was appointed Professor of Economics at Harvard University. In 1969 he joined the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard.


text: Actresses are nominated for this award by Academy members who are actors and actresses themselves. Winners are selected by the academy membership as a whole.


title: Andrea del Sarto

text: Perhaps the best known painting by Andrea del Sarto is the "Madonna of the Harpies". The painting shows the Virgin Mary and child on a pedestal, with angels and two saints by her side.


title: Euroscepticism

text: Eurosceptics says that the European Union weakens the nation state. They also say that the European Union is too bureaucratic (meaning that important decisions are made by officials who aren't elected). In 2016, the countries with the most unfavourable view of the EU were Greece, France, Spain and the United Kingdom.


title: Battle of Ðiện Biên Phủ

text: However, the Việt Minh did not take the bait but brought Chinese-funded heavy artillery into this difficult area, much to French surprise. The Việt Minh also used its superior numbers in human wave tactics to overwhelm the French. Next, the Việt Minh dug deep trenches and used its artillery to shoot down any French air planes, destroy the French airstrip, and bombard the French troops into submission. The French surrendered the in May 1954, after two months of fighting. The number of French soldiers at the garrison had increased from 12,000 to over 15,000. After years of fighting and this defeat, the French no longer wanted to continue fighting.


title: Red-crowned crane

text: The crane eats small amphibians, aquatic invertebrates, insects, and plants that grow in marshes and swamps.