title: Karlovy Vary

text: Karlovy Vary (German: "Karlsbad") is a city in the Czech Republic. As of 2015, about 50,000 people were living there. It is located in the west of the historical region of Bohemia. It is popular for its spa.


title: Drake Passage

text: The Drake passage is also the shortest route from Antarctica to the rest of the world. The only islands in the passage are the Diego Ramirez Islands, about 60 km south of Cape Horn.


title: Karlovy Vary

text: The city was in Austria-Hungary, and the people who lived there were mainly German-speaking. Bohemia was transferred to the new state of Czechoslovakia after World War I. The existence of such German-speaking peoples outside of Germany was used by Hitler as a reason to invade the Sudetenland (the German-speaking part of Bohemia and Moravia), which Germany did in 1938. This was a result of the Munich Agreement. This event was a prelude to World War II.


title: Swansea City A.F.C.

text: Swansea City AFC are a Welsh football (soccer) team who have played in the English Premier League since 2011. Before being promoted to the Premier League for the 2011–12 season, they had played in the English Football League since 1920. They were founded in 1912 as Swansea Town and played at the Vetch Field ground until 2005 when they moved to the Liberty Stadium. Their most successful period as a team was in the early 1980s under their manager John Toshack when they played in the old First Division from 1981-1983 (which was the highest tier of English football at the time). Swansea play their home games in an all white strip. Their main rivals are Cardiff City and a match between the two sides is known as the South Wales derby. As well as competing in the English League they have also won the Welsh Cup ten times and the Football Association of Wales Premier Cup twice. In 2011, they were promoted to the Premier League after winning the Football League Championship play-offs after finishing third in the league. They avoided relegation in their first Premier League season ending up in 11th place.


title: Demosthenes

text: Demosthenes (384–322 BC, , Dēmosthénēs) was a well-known Greek statesman and orator from ancient Athens. His speeches show the height of classical Athenian skill at speaking. They also show us lots about the politics and culture of ancient Greece during the 4th century BC. Demosthenes learned rhetoric by studying the speeches of previous great orators. He delivered his first law court speeches when he was twenty. He argued effectively to gain from his guardians what was left of his inheritance. For a time, Demosthenes made his living as a professional speech-writer and a lawyer, writing speeches for use in private legal suits.


title: Salvia

text: Salvia is a genus in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is one of three genera commonly referred to as Sage. Sage generally means common sage ("Salvia officinalis"). This genus includes shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and annuals. Different species of sage are grown as herbs and as ornamental plants. The ornamental species are commonly referred to by their scientific name "Salvia".


title: Albertus Magnus

text: Albertus Magnus, O.P. (1193/1206 – November 15, 1280), also known as Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne, is a Catholic saint. He was a German Dominican friar and a bishop who achieved fame for his comprehensive knowledge of and advocacy for the peaceful coexistence of science and religion. James A. Weisheipl and Joachim R. Söder have referred to him as the greatest German philosopher and theologian of the Middle Ages, an opinion supported by contemporaries such as Roger Bacon. Magnus was born into a rich German family, in Swabia, in about 1200. He attended Padua University, in Italy. He was very knowledgeable about Sciences, and he wrote about chemistry, geometry, astronomy, physiology. He promoted Aristotle's writings. He later became Master of Theology, which is the study of religion and God, in the University of Paris. He also created a school in Cologne, in 1248. Magnus died on November 15, 1280, in Cologne, Germany. 250 years after his death, he was named a Saint because he helped and contributed to the Catholic Church.


title: Adıyaman

text: Adıyaman is a city in southern Turkey. The city is in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. In 2013, 279,037 people lived there.


title: Stockholm County

text: Stockholm County () is a county in central Sweden, with the seat in Stockholm. It was established in 1714.


title: Panama Papers

text: The Panama Papers are 11.5 million leaked documents that talked about financial and attorney–client information for more than 214,488 offshore tax accounts. The documents, some traced back to the 1970s, were created by, and taken from, Panamanian law firm and corporate service provider Mossack Fonseca, and were leaked in 2015 by an anonymous source to German journalist Bastian Obermayer.


title: Demosthenes

text: Demosthenes grew interested in politics during the time he wrote speeches for others. In 354 BC he gave his first public political speeches. He went on to devote his most productive years to opposing Macedon's expansion. He idealized his city and tried throughout his life to restore Athens' supremacy and motivate the rest of the Athenians against Philip II of Macedon. He sought to preserve his city's freedom and to establish an alliance against Macedon, in an unsuccessful attempt to impede Philip's plans to expand his influence southwards by conquering all the Greek states. After Philip's death, Demosthenes played a leading part in his city's uprising against the new King of Macedon, Alexander the Great. However, his efforts failed and the revolt was met with a harsh Macedonian reaction. To prevent a similar revolt against his own rule, Alexander's successor, Antipater, sent his men to track Demosthenes down. Demosthenes took his own life, in order to avoid being arrested by Archias, Antipater's confidant.


title: Panama Papers

text: The documents contain personal financial information about wealthy individuals and public officials that had been kept private. While offshore business tax activities are legal, reporters found that some of the Mossack Fonseca shell corporations were used for illegal purposes, including fraud, tax evasion, and evading international sanctions.


title: Demosthenes

text: The "Alexandrian Canon" compiled by Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace recognized Demosthenes as one of the ten greatest Attic orators and speech writers. According to Longinus, Demosthenes "perfected to the utmost the tone of lofty speech, living passions, copiousness, readiness, speed". Cicero acclaimed him as "the perfect orator" who lacked nothing, and Quintilian extolled him as "lex orandi" ("the standard of oratory") and that "inter omnes unus excellat" ("he stands alone among all the orators").


title: Elijah Wood

text: He has been a professional actor since he was nine years old. Wood is best known for his role of Frodo Baggins in the "Lord of the Rings" movie trilogy.


title: Qibla

text: Qiblah (, also transliterated as Kiblah) is an Arabic word for the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays during Salah. Most mosques contain a niche in a wall that indicates the qiblah.


title: Albanian lek

text: The lek is the money used in Albania. For values higher than 1 it is called "lekë". 100 qindarka make 1 lek but qindarka are not used any more.


title: Washington Irving

text: Washington Irving was an American writer. He was born in New York City on April 3, 1783. He began his literary career writing humorous newspaper sketches. He edited magazines. He went to Europe on family matters as a young man. He remained there for 17 years. He served as the United States ambassador to Spain from 1842 to 1846. He wrote biographies. He regarded his 5-volume life of George Washington as his masterpiece. He died in his home, Sunnyside, in Tarrytown, New York on November 28, 1859.


title: Qibla

text: First Qibla;Unlike the biography stories that are composed of traditional rumor compilations, based on text and archaeological research, and hypothesized that the "Masjid al-Haram" was not located in Mecca, but in the north-west Arabian Peninsula.


title: Washington Irving

text: Irving and his contemporary James Fenimore Cooper were America's first internationally acclaimed authors. Irving encouraged American authors and supported stronger copyright laws. He is best known today for two short stories: "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow". They have been adapted to the stage, to television, and to animated and live-action movies.


title: Qibla

text: Canadian archeology and Islamic history researcher Dan Gibson discovered that the oldest mosque, palace and cemetery positionings point to Petra. He found that it was the place where Muhammad and the first Muslims lived, and that the first direction of qibla for the Muslims was facing Petra.


title: Denis Sassou Nguesso

text: Denis Sassou Nguesso (born 23 November 1943) is a Congolese politician. He became the President of the Republic of the Congo since 1997. He was also President of the Republic of the Congo from 1979 to 1992.


title: Leslie Nielsen

text: Leslie Nielsen (February 11, 1926 - November 28, 2010) was an American-Canadian actor, comedian and movie producer. His television roles include "Forbidden Planet" and "Police Squad!". His movie roles include "Airplane!" and "The Naked Gun" trilogy: "", "" and "".


title: Denis Sassou Nguesso

text: In October 2021, Denis Sassou N'Guesso was cited in the scandal of the "Pandora Papers". According to the international consortium of journalists, it was in 1998, just after the return to power of Denis Sassou N'Guesso, that the company Inter African Investment was reportedly registered in the British Virgin Islands, a Caribbean tax haven. Denis Sassou N'Guesso denies en bloc it is documents.


title: Sternum

text: The sternum or breastbone, in vertebrate anatomy, is a flat bone. In amphibians and reptiles it is normally shaped like a shield, often made of cartilage. It is absent in both turtles and snakes. In birds it is larger, and has large flight muscles attached to it. Only in mammals does the sternum take on the longer form seen in humans.


title: Bodrum

text: Bodrum is a tourist resort in Turkey. It is in western Turkey along the Aegean Sea. Thousands of tourists come every year for sun and beach tourism. It has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ("Csa" in the Koeppen climate classification).


title: Jacques Brel

text: Jacques Brel (8 April 1929 – 9 October 1978) was a Belgian singer-songwriter. He was widely said to be a master of the modern chanson. Although he recorded most of his songs in French, he became a major influence on English-speaking songwriters and performers. Some of these were David Bowie, Leonard Cohen, and Rod McKuen. English translations of his songs were recorded by many top performers in the United States. These include Ray Charles, Judy Collins, John Denver, the Kingston Trio, Nina Simone, Frank Sinatra, Scott Walker, and Andy Williams. In French-speaking countries, Brel was also a successful actor, appearing in ten movies. He also directed two movies. "Le Far West" was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1973. Brel died of lung cancer. He has sold over 25 million records worldwide. He is the third best-selling Belgian recording artist of all time.


title: Isar

text: The Isar is a river in Tyrol, Austria and Bavaria, Germany. Its source is in the Karwendel range of the Alps in Tyrol; it enters Germany near Mittenwald. The Isar flows through Bad Tölz, Munich and Landshut before reaching the Danube near Deggendorf. The length is . It is the fourth largest river in Bavaria (after Danube, Inn and Main). The Isar is the second most important tributary of the Danube in Germany, after Inn.


title: European mink

text: The European mink ("Mustela lutreola"), is a semiaquatic type of mustelid. It is also called the Russian mink and Eurasian mink. It is native to Europe.


title: Bodrum

text: Famous singer Zeki Müren died in Bodrum. Herodotus, an Ancient Greek Historian, lived in Bodrum. Turgut Reis was a Bodrumer who was an Ottoman admiral.


title: European mink

text: The European mink has a very long body with short limbs. The European mink has a large, wide head with short ears. The mink's tail is short. Males are 373–430 mm (14.7–16.9 in) long. Females are 352–400 mm (13.9–15.7 in) long. The tail is 153–190 mm (6.0–7.5 in) in males. It is 150–180 mm (5.9–7.1 in) in females. It weighs 550–800 grams (1.21–1.76 lb). It is a fast and agile animal. It is great at swimming. It is able to run along stream beds. It can stay underwater for one to two minutes.


title: European mink

text: The winter fur, is very thick and dense. The fur is not long. The summer fur is a little bit shorter, hairier and less dense than the winter fur. In dark coloured European minks, the fur is dark brown or almost blackish-brown. Lighter European minks are reddish brown.


title: European mink

text: European minks are found in Northeast Spain and France and throughout Europe to the Irtysh and Ob Rivers.


title: European mink

text: The European mink lives in densely shaded banks of fresh water creeks, rivers, and lakes. The European minks may make their own burrows. They may live in the burrow of a water vole. They may live in cracks among root of trees.


title: European mink

text: The European mink eats different animals that lives in aquatic and riparian habitats. Voles are the most important source of food for the European mink. It also eats crustaceans, frogs and water insects. Fish are an important food source in floodlands. When there is a lot of food, it stores its food.


title: European mink

text: The mating season happens from February to March. The gestation period is 35–72 days. The kits are given birth to in April and May. They give birth to three to seven kits. At birth, kits weigh about 6.5 grams (0.23 oz), and grow fast. They are born blind; the eyes open after 30–31 days. The kits suck milk for 2.0 to 2.5 months, even though the kits eat solid food after 20–25 days. They follow their mother to hunt by the age of 56–70 days. They leave the family at the age 70–84 days.


title: European mink

text: European mink populations have been decreasing because of ecological and commercial reasons. They are now listed as critically endangered by the IUCN. The main reason is capturing them for their fur. Another reason for the decline is water pollution and hydroelectric dams. Efforts to bring European minks to the Kuril Islands and Tajikistan have begun.


title: Faye Dunaway

text: Dorothy Faye Dunaway (born January 14, 1941 in Bascom, Florida) is an American actress. She has starred in "Bonnie and Clyde", "Chinatown" and "The Thomas Crown Affair". She won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in "Network". Duanaway is a convert to Roman Catholicism.


title: Gaetano Donizetti

text: Gaetano Donizetti (born Bergamo 29 November 1797; died Bergamo 8 April 1848) was an Italian composer. He was the most famous composer of operas in Italy in the years between the death of Bellini (1835) and the time when Verdi was becoming well-known. Bellini and Donizetti wrote operas in the bel canto style: music with beautiful, smooth melodies.


title: Philip the Arab

text: Philip () was born in around 204. He got the name "Philip the Arab" ( or ). (The "Chronicon Paschale", a Greek chronicle, and the Latin historian Aurelius Victor each have different dates for Philip's birth.) He was the son of Julius Marinus. Philip was probably born in the city he later named Philippopolis, in the Roman province of Arabia Petraea (now the city of Shahba, Syria).


title: Heliopolis (Roman Phoenicia)

text: Heliopolis of Phoenicia was a colony of the Roman Empire. The name was Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Heliopolitana and is now the Baalbeck of modern Lebanon. It is a Unesco world heritage site


title: Beach volleyball

text: Beach volleyball is a team sport, a kind of volleyball. The players have two teams (2 per side) and play on a sand court divided by a net.


title: Gaetano Donizetti

text: Donizetti’s family were very poor. His talent was discovered by Simon Mayr who was maestro di cappella (music director) at S Maria Maggiore in Bergamo. He opened a school which trained boys to sing in the church choir and gave them a good musical education. Donizetti learned a lot from Mayr and was always very grateful to him.


title: Philip the Arab

text: Philip became emperor at the start of 244. (The "Justinianic Code"'s writing means that Philip became emperor after 13 January 244 and before 14 March the same year.) Philip's wife, Marcia Otacilia Severa, became "augusta" (empress) early in 244. After Philip became emperor, the Romans and the Sasanian Empire made peace. With this success, Philip got the name (or ) in the middle of 244. Philip came to Rome in 244, probably in early summer.


title: Heliopolis (Roman Phoenicia)

text: Ancient Baalbek (under its Hellenic name Heliopolis) formed part of the kingdoms of Egypt & Syria. It was annexed by the Romans during their eastern wars. The Italic settlers of the Roman colony "Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Heliopolitana" may have arrived as early as the time of Caesar but were more probably the veterans of two Roman Legions under Augustus, during which time it hosted a Roman garrison.


title: Gaetano Donizetti

text: Donizetti’s first operas were performed in Venice. A rich lady who realized he was very talented paid so that he did not have to do military service. His opera "Zoraida di Granata" was very successful in Rome and he was given a contract for an opera for Naples. For several years he composed between two and five operas every year. They were not particularly successful. One of the reasons was that the libretti he was given (the words he had to set) were not very good.


title: Philip the Arab

text: In 245, Philip was Roman consul for the first time. That year, the Romans went to war with the Carpi. On 12 November 245, Philip was at Aquae in Dacia (Vidonac, Serbia). Wars against the Carpi and Germanic peoples continued into 247. In 247, Philip was Roman consul for the second time. In late summer 247, Philip held a triumph in Rome. For his military success against the Carpi, Philip probably got the name at the end of 247.


title: Heliopolis (Roman Phoenicia)

text: Indeed the veterans of two Roman legions were established in the city (and region) of Berytus (actual Beyrut) by emperor Augustus: the "Legio V Macedonica" and the "Legio III Gallica"., and Heliopolis from 15 BC to 193 AD formed part of the territory of Berytus. The population was mainly local in the second century under Hadrian with a few descendants of the Roman colonists and likely varied seasonally with market fairs and the schedules of the Camel caravans to the coast and interior.


title: Gaetano Donizetti

text: In 1828 he married. None of their three children lived very long and his wife died in 1837 which made him very sad during his last years. This can be felt in his music.


title: Philip the Arab

text: In 248, Philip was Roman consul for the third time. In April 248, Philip held a festival for the one thousandth anniversary of Rome, a thousand years since Romulus became the first king of Rome. (The chronicle of the Latin historian Cassiodorus says that this started on 21 April and ended on the 23 April 248.)


title: Heliopolis (Roman Phoenicia)

text: The presence of a huge quarry was one of the reasons for the Roman decision to create a huge "Great Court" of a big pagan temple complex in this mountain site, located at nearly 1100 meters of altitude and on the eastern borders of the Roman Empire: it took three centuries to create this colossal Roman paganism's temple complex, called "Sanctuary" of Heliopolis.


title: Gaetano Donizetti

text: His opera "Anna Bolena" made him internationally famous. It was performed in London and Paris. His opera "Maria Stuarda" was based on a play by Schiller. It was not popular at first. The audience did not like the tragic ending. Today it is recognized as containing some great music, especially in the final scene. After a visit to Paris he returned to Naples to produce "Lucia di Lammermoor" which was based on Scott’s novel "The Bride of Lammermoor". There is a French version as well as an Italian version of this opera.


title: Philip the Arab

text: John Chrysostom wrote that unlike other pagan rulers of the Romans, Philip was tolerant to the Christians and let them practise their faith openly. Eusebius wrote Philip and his wife received letters from Origen.


title: Heliopolis (Roman Phoenicia)

text: Heliopolis was a noted oracle and pilgrimage site, whence the cult spread far afield, with inscriptions to the Heliopolitan god discovered in Athens, Rome, Pannonia, Venetia, Gaul, and near the Wall in Britain. The Roman


title: Gaetano Donizetti

text: In 1838 he moved to Paris where he had his operas performed in four theatres. Berlioz wrote very critical articles about him in a music journal. Donizetti had gone to Paris hoping that he would earn lots of money so that he could then retire, just like Rossini had done. However, his health was not good and he found it harder to concentrate. He managed to composed "Don Pasquale" which is one of the best comic operas every written, but it does have a lot of music that he had written earlier. He was obviously finding it difficult to think of new ideas. Soon he became really ill. He was suffering from syphilis. He was put in a sanatorium near Paris for 17 months. In 1847 some friends arranged for him to stay with them, but he was very ill by then. He was paralysed and almost unable to speak. His friends looked after him until he died.


title: Philip the Arab

text: Some time before 11 September 249, soldiers in the Roman army killed Philip in a battle against the army of Decius. The battle was probably near Verona on the Italian Peninsula. Philip, Philip II, and Marcia Otacilia Severa may all have had "damnatio memoriae" on them, and the Romans removed their names from some inscriptions.


title: Heliopolis (Roman Phoenicia)

text: temple complex grew up from the early part of the reign of Augustus in the late 1st century until the rise of Christianity in the 4th century. The 6th-century chronicles of John Malalas of Antioch, which claimed Baalbek as a "wonder of the world" credited most of the complex to the 2nd-century Antoninus Pius. By that time, the complex housed three temples on Tell Baalbek: one to Jupiter Heliopolitanus (Baʿal), one to Venus Heliopolitana (Ashtart), and a third to Bacchus. On a nearby hill, a fourth temple was dedicated to the third figure of the Heliopolitan Triad, Mercury (Adon). Ultimately, the site vied with Praeneste in Italy as the two largest sanctuaries in the Western world.


title: Gaetano Donizetti

text: He was buried in Bergamo. His remains are now in a church there. The house where he was born is a museum.


title: Philip the Arab

text: The Latin historian Eutropius says that Philip and Philip II were both deified (made into gods). This is probably not true. Where Philip's grave was is unknown.


title: Heliopolis (Roman Phoenicia)

text: The emperor Trajan consulted the site's oracle twice. In 193 AD, Septimius Severus granted the city the famous "ius Italicum" rights and the city grew in importance in all the Roman Levant.


title: Philip the Arab

text: Philip married Marcia Otacilia Severa before 238. At the start of 244, Marcia Otacilia Severa became "augusta" (empress) and got the Latin title: . Marcia Otacilia Severa probably died in 248.


title: Heliopolis (Roman Phoenicia)

text: In the third century Heliopolis had a population of nearly 20000 inhabitants and there was an hippodrome with even a theater, just outside the "Great Court" area of the temples. Additionally a temple of Mercury stood on top of the hill outside the ramparts. A long staircase led up to it from the town, as is shown on coins of Heliopolis struck under emperor Philip the Arab. Remains of the temple, the line of the staircase, and parts of its parapet have been found. Still remain some sections of the Roman walls, with square forts around the old city


title: Philip the Arab

text: They had a son, Philip II. The Latin history "Epitome de Caesaribus" says that Philip II was born in 236 or 237. Only the Greek historian John of Antioch says Philip had other sons. Philip made his son Philip II his "caesar" (junior emperor) in July or August 244. After July or August 244, Marcia Otacilia Severa also had the title . In July or August 247, Philip made his son his "augustus" (co-emperor).


title: Heliopolis (Roman Phoenicia)

text: The town became a battleground upon the rise of Christianity, because it was an important center of Roman paganism.


title: Philip the Arab

text: Philip's father, Julius Marinus, died while his son was emperor. After that, people in Philippopolis in Arabia (Philip's home town) worshipped Julius Marinus as a god. However, the Roman Senate probably did not deify Julius Marinus, and he probably did not become one of the official gods.


title: Heliopolis (Roman Phoenicia)

text: Early Christian writers such as Eusebius (from nearby Caesarea) repeatedly execrated the practices of the local pagans in their worship of the Heliopolitan Venus. In the early 4th century, the deacon Cyril defaced many of the idols in Heliopolis; he was killed and (allegedly) cannibalised Around the same time, Constantine, though not yet a Christian, demolished the goddess's temple, raised a basilica in its place, and outlawed the locals' ancient custom of prostituting women before marriage. The enraged locals responded by raping and torturing Christian virgins. The city was so noted for its hostility to the Christians, that Alexandrians were banished to it as a special punishment.


title: Philip the Arab

text: Philip had a brother, Gaius Julius Priscus. He was a governor of Roman Mesopotamia () and then a praetorian prefect and governor of the East ().


title: Heliopolis (Roman Phoenicia)

text: The Temple of Jupiter, already greatly damaged by earthquakes, was partially demolished under Theodosius in 379 AD and replaced by another basilica (now lost), using stones scavenged from the pagan complex. The "Easter Chronicles" states he was also responsible for destroying nearly all the lesser temples and shrines of the city. Around the year 400 AD, Rabbula, the future bishop of the diocese of Edessa, attempted to have himself martyred by disrupting the pagans of Baalbek but was only thrown down the temple stairs along with his companion. It became the seat of its own bishop as well. Under the reign of Justinian, eight of the complex's Corinthian columns were disassembled and shipped to Constantinople for incorporation in the rebuilt Hagia Sophia sometime between 532 and 537 AD.


title: Heliopolis (Roman Phoenicia)

text: Michael the Syrian claimed the golden idol of Heliopolitan Jupiter was still to be seen during the reign of Justin II (560s & 570s),and, up to the time of its conquest by the Muslims in 637 AD, it was renowned for its palaces, monuments, and gardens. The Arabs under Abu Ubaidah -who conquered the city after a damaging siege- renamed the city as "Baalbeck" (that in ancient Lebanese Arab language probably meaned "Bacchus ruins"). The Christians left the city, that lost importance in the next centuries (even because of the growth of nearby Damascus, that was chosen as the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 AD) and in the tenth century was reduced to be just a small village.


title: Heliopolis (Roman Phoenicia)

text: In 1170 AD the arab city of Baalbeck was hit by a terrible earthquake that fully destroyed the Temple of Jupiter, leaving only a few columns standing, and heavily damaged the "Great Court" of ancient Heliopolis's temple complex.


title: TED (conference)

text: TED is short for "Technology, Entertainment, Design". It is a conference that began in 1984 and met every year at Long Beach, California until 2014. Since then, it has met in Vancouver. People give talks about many things, for example, science, art, and business. Famous people like Bill Clinton, Al Gore, Ray Kurzweil, Aubrey de Grey, Elon Musk, and Bill Gates have all talked at TED. The talks have been online for people to watch for free since 2006.


title: Juliette Binoche

text: Juliette Binoche (born 9 March 1964) is a French actress. She was born in Paris. Her maternal grandparents were Poles. She won an Academy Award for her role in the movie "Chocolat". She won a BAFTA Award for her role as Hana in "The English Patient".


title: Winston-Salem, North Carolina

text: Winston-Salem is a city in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It has about 230,000 people. It is near Greensboro, North Carolina. Winston-Salem used to sell tobacco. It is called Winston-Salem because there were two towns, Winston and Salem, that combined.


title: Susan Sontag

text: Susan Sontag (born Susan Rosenblatt, January 16, 1933 – December 28, 2004) was an American writer and political activist. Sontag was born in New York City to Jewish parents. She grew up in Tucson, Arizona and later in Los Angeles, California.


title: 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum

text: The United Kingdom European Union membership referendum took place on 23 June 2016 in the UK and Gibraltar. It was to decide whether the United Kingdom would stay in the European Union (EU).


title: Winston-Salem, North Carolina

text: Winston-Salem is in central North Carolina. Interstate 40 goes through it. It has a mild climate, with hot summers and cool winters. It gets about 40 inches of rain per year. It can also snow in Winston-Salem.


title: Susan Sontag

text: Sontag married writer Philip Rieff when she was 17. Sontag taught freshman English at the University of Connecticut for the 1952–53 academic year.


text: On 24 June, the then Conservative Party leader and Prime Minister David Cameron announced that he would resign. He was replaced on 13 July by Theresa May.


title: Winston-Salem, North Carolina

text: Old Salem is a historic part of Winston-Salem. There people can learn what life was like there around 1800.


title: Susan Sontag

text: Sontag's first book, "The Benefactor", was published in 1966. Her first film "Duett för kannibaler" was released in 1969. In 2000 she won the National Book Award.


text: Members of the "Remain" campaign wanted the United Kingdom to stay in the European Union. Political parties that wanted the UK to stay in the EU include the Labour Party, the Liberal Democrats and the Scottish National Party. They said that being in the EU gave the UK many advantages in trade.


title: Susan Sontag

text: She was openly bisexual. She married writer Philip Rieff (1922-2006) in 1950. Her only child is writer David Rieff (born 1952). The couple divorced in 1959. She was also partners with Cuban playwright María Irene Fornés.


text: Prime Minister David Cameron supported staying in the EU, but the Conservative Party was neutral. It was up to each MP to have their own view. Other well-known Conservatives who wanted to remain in the EU include George Osborne, Theresa May and Philip Hammond.


text: Members of the "leave" campaign, commonly called "Brexit", wanted the UK to leave the European Union. Political parties who supported leaving the EU include United Kingdom Independence Party, the Respect Party and many members of the Conservative Party. Those who supported "leave" were especially concerned about the EU's "open border" policies and mass migration.


text: Some well known members of the Conservative party who wanted to leave the EU included Iain Duncan Smith, Michael Gove and Boris Johnson.


text: The tables list political parties with seats in the House of Commons or the House of Lords, the European Parliament, the Scottish Parliament, the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Welsh Assembly, or the Gibraltar Parliament at the time of the referendum.


text: Shortly after the results were announced, David Cameron said that he would resign by October 2016. After a leadership election, Theresa May became Prime Minister on 13 July.


text: The Scottish government announced on 24 June 2016 that they were planning to hold a second independence referendum. Northern Ireland politician Martin McGuinness also called for an Irish reunification referendum. A movement for London independence even occurred, with an online petition reaching thousands of signatures.


text: A "Bregret"/"Regrexit" petition was proposed by William Oliver Healey on 24 May 2016. It was made to support the creation of a second European Union membership referendum. By 25 June, more than two and a half million people signed the petition. Calls for a second referendum was later rejected by the government.


text: Theresa May officially triggered Article 50 on 29 March 2017. This means that negotiations have started between the UK government and the European Union. These talks are expected to last 2 years and after they have finished the UK will be out of the EU.


title: Friedrichshafen

text: Friedrichshafen is a city in Germany. It is at the north shore of the Lake of Constance. It is the second largest city at the lakeside, after Konstanz. About 58,000 people live there. The city is famous for having one of the first Zeppelins.


title: Portland Trail Blazers

text: The Portland Trail Blazers are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from Portland, Oregon. They play their home games at the Moda Center. They won 1 NBA Championship in 1977.


title: Saône

text: The Saône is a river in eastern France. It is a right tributary of the Rhône river. It starts in the Vosges department amd joins the Rhône in the city of Lyon.


title: Leon Lederman

text: Leon Max Lederman (July 15, 1922 – October 3, 2018) was an American experimental physicist. He received, along with Martin Lewis Perl, the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1982. He won the prize for their research on quarks and leptons, and the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1988. He received the prize along with Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger, for their research on neutrinos.


title: Ham (son of Noah)

text: Ham, according to the Bible, was Noah's youngest son and the ancestor of the peoples of Africa. His name means "hot".


title: Saône

text: Two French departments has the name of the river in their names: Haute-Saône and Saône-et-Loire, both in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.


title: Leon Lederman

text: Lederman died on October 3, 2018 at a care-facility in Rexburg, Idaho from complications of dementia at the age of 96.


title: Ham (son of Noah)

text: He had four sons: Cush, Mizraim, Phut, and Canaan. They populated Ethiopia, Egypt, Libya, and the land of Canaan (now Israel) respectively.


title: Saône

text: Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Couzon-au-Mont-d'Or in the Metropolitan Lyon.


title: Ham (son of Noah)

text: According to the Bible's Book of Genesis, Ham spied on his father while he was naked. This angered Noah, who cursed Ham's son Canaan.


title: Saône

text: The Saône river starts in the "commune" of Vioménil in the Vosges department, at an altitude of about . The river flows in general to the south-southwest.


title: Saône

text: The Saône river flows through the 3 regions and 6 departments. It flows through the following "communes", among others:


title: Osteoarthritis

text: Osteoarthritis normally affects older people: it is a disease where joints wear out. As the joint surface wears away, it sheds particles which stimulate the joint lining to produce fluid. This causes the joint to swell. When the joint "cartilage" wears away, the core of the bone becomes exposed. The exposed bone rubs against other exposed bone.


title: Mont-de-Marsan

text: Mont-de-Marsan is a commune in southwestern France, in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It is the "prefecture" (capital) of the Landes department. and the capital of the "arrondissement" of Mont-de-Marsan. It is also the capital of 2 "cantons" in the department: Mont-de-Marsan-1 and Mont-de-Marsan-2.


title: Syd Barrett

text: Roger Keith "Syd" Barrett (6 January 1946 – 7 July 2006) was an English musician. Barrett is most famous for founding the rock band Pink Floyd. He started the band in 1965 under several different names and wrote the band's first album, "The Piper at the Gates of Dawn". During this time he experimented with psychedelic (mind-altering) drugs and eventually exited the band in 1968. Following his departure from Pink Floyd, he released two records, "The Madcap Laughs" and "Barrett", to little commercial success, due to the unusual lyrics and unsteady beats. He later suffered from mental health issues, possibly related to his history of drug use. Some of his most successful solo songs are "Dark Globe" and "Octopus".


title: Eyelid

text: An eyelid is a thin piece of skin that covers and protects the eye. It is one of the thinnest areas of skin on a persons body. A muscle pulls back the eyelid to "open" the eye. People do this willingly or without thinking. The human eyelid has a row of eyelashes that help protect the eye from dust and other small objects. Eyelashes also keep sweat out of the eye. Eyelids regularly spread tears and other secretions on the surface of the eye to keep it moist. The cornea is one part of the eye that must be kept moist. Eyelids keep the eyes from drying out when asleep. Also, the blink reflex protects the eye from things touching it.


title: Comenius

text: Comenius (28 March 1592 – 15 November 1670) was a 17th-century Czech bishop, and an innovator in education. His name is spelt differently in almost every language. In English it is John Amos Comenius, but he is usually called just 'Comenius'.


title: Flag of Portugal

text: The flag of Portugal () is the national flag of the Portuguese Republic. It has a vertical bicolour of green and red, with the lesser coat of arms of Portugal centred over the colour boundary.


title: Reuven Rivlin

text: Rivlin was born in Jerusalem when it was part of British Mandatory Palestine. Before entering politics he was a lawyer. He was elected to the Jerusalem City Council in 1978. Rivlin worked for El Al Airlines serving on the executive council from 1981 to 1986. He was a member of the Knesset, the parliament of Israel, for many years, elected first in 1988. He was also speaker of the Knesset and minister of Communications of Israel. On 10th of June 2014 he won elections for the post of President of Israel.


title: Osteoarthritis

text: Joints will be stiff and painful, and may be swollen. The pain may be worse after exercise. It may get harder to move the joint.


title: Mont-de-Marsan

text: Mont-de-Marsan is at the confluence of two rivers, the Douze and the Midou, forming the river Midouze just in the centre of the city.


title: Comenius

text: Comenius is famous for arguing for universal literacy, and inventing the idea of a modern textbook which used pictures as well as prose to get its message across. Comenius also tried to design a language in which false statements could not be written.


title: Mont-de-Marsan

text: Mont-de-Marsan is surrounded by the "communes" Uchacq-et-Parentis, Saint-Avit, Mazerolles, Bretagne-de-Marsan, Saint-Pierre-du-Mont and Campet-et-Lamolère.


title: Mont-de-Marsan

text: The climate of Mont-de-Marsan is Marine West Coast Climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb), with mild winters and warm summers.


title: Mont-de-Marsan

text: The average temperature for the year in Mont-de-Marsan is 13.5 °C (56.3 °F). The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of 21.4 °C (70.5 °F). The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 6.2 °C (43.2 °F).


title: Mont-de-Marsan

text: The average amount of precipitation for the year in Mont-de-Marsan is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is August with an average of .


title: Mont-de-Marsan

text: Mont-de-Marsan forms, together with Saint-Pierre-du-Mont, the urban area of Mont-de-Marsan with a population of 40,671 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Mont-de-Marsan, formed by 47 "communes", with a population of 70,724 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .


title: Mont-de-Marsan

text: Mont-de-Marsan is the "prefecture" of the Landes department since 1790. It is also the capital of the "arrondissement" of Mont-de-Marsan and the administrative centre () of two "cantons":


title: Robert Kubica

text: On 1 December 2005, Kubica got to test in Formula One for the Renault F1 Team. After the test, he was hired by the BMW Sauber F1 team as the test and reserve driver for the 2006 F1 season.


title: Mingachevir

text: Mingachevir, sometimes spelled Mingecevir, is the fourth-biggest city in Azerbaijan. There are about 100,000 people. It is known as the "city of lights" because of its hydroelectric power station on the Kur River.


title: Robert Kubica

text: Robert Kubica got the chance to race in the Hungarian Grand Prix replacing the departing Jacques Villeneuve for the remainder of the 2006 season. On 10 September 2006 he drove to an impressive third place and became the first Polish driver on the podium in Formula 1. This led to Kubica getting a full-time drive for the BMW outfit in 2007.


title: Robert Kubica

text: In 2008 Kubica has good season. He took the first pole position for BMW Sauber. At the Canadian Grand Prix Kubica won after a long fight with teammate Nick Heidfeld. It was first win in the race for BMW.


title: Robert Kubica

text: On February 6, 2011, Kubica was in a bad crash while competing in a rally race. He was driving a Škoda Auto in the Ronde di Andora. His car ran off the road and crashed at high speed into a wall. He was removed from the car, and air-lifted to hospital by helicopter. His co-driver, Jacub Gerber, was unhurt. Gerber was able to get out of the wrecked car.


title: Robert Kubica

text: Kubica's condition was reported to be serious. Reports say that he has several fractures to his right arm, leg and hand. It was reported that his hand was crushed. Doctors are trying repair the damage to his hand.


title: Robert Kubica

text: On February 6, Kubica had seven hours of surgery to repair his injures. Lotus Renault GP has reported that he is doing better and his recovery encouraging. He was able to talk to his doctors and family. Kubica "is ready to fight for his comeback." He will need several more surgeries to repair the damage. He will also need to stay in the hospital for about three weeks.


title: Robert Kubica

text: Renault announced that Nick Heidfeld will replace Kubica starting at the test in Barcelona. Eleven weeks after his accident, Kubica was released from the hospital. He plans a short rest at his home before starting the rehabilitation treatment. He is optimistic about his progress.


title: John Obi Mikel

text: Mikel John Obi (born 22 April 1987) is a Nigerian football player. He plays for Chelsea and Nigeria national team.


title: Tim Robbins

text: Timothy Francis Robbins (born October 16, 1958) is an American actor, screenwriter, director, producer, activist, and amateur musician. He has won many awards in his career, including the Academy Award in 2004 for his work in "Mystic River".


title: Mazandarani language

text: Mazandarani (in Mazandarani: ) is a Iranian language. It is spoken in northern Iran. Areas that use it are: Mazandaran, west of Golestan, north of Tehran and Semnan and northeast of Qazvin. Between 3-4 million people speak it. Mazandarni is an older Iranian language.


title: Haridwar

text: Haridwar is a city in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is one of the seven holiest places for Hindu people. There are several temples and ashrams in the city. The river Ganga flows in the city and is worshipped by Hindus for whom the river is sacred.


title: Al Imran

text: Al-Imran ( Arabic : آل عمران) is the third surah of the Muslim religious book, the Qur'an , with 200 verses and 20 ruku's. Surah Al-Imran has been revealed in Medina.


title: Zaanstad

text: Zaanstad is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. In 2019, 155,885 people lived there.


title: Kolkhoz

text: Kolkhoz (, a contraction of коллективное хозяйство, "collective ownership", kollektivnoye khozaystvo) is the name given to large farms that existed in the Soviet Union, and that were organised as a cooperative. A group of people would run these farms; they also owned the means of production (like the machines they needed), but not the land, which was owned by the state.


title: John Obi Mikel

text: He captained Nigeria at the 2018 FIFA World Cup until their last game against Argentina on 26 June following a 2-1 loss.


title: Tim Robbins

text: He was born in West Covina, Los Angeles County and raised in New York City. He was the partner of actress Susan Sarandon from 1988-2009.


title: Mazandarani language

text: Mazandarani language was written in the Pahlavi alphabet in the early centuries of Islam. The language uses the Arabic alphabet.


title: Al Imran

text: Verses 33 to 35 of this Surah speak of "Ali-Imran" or "Descendants of Imran". Its name has been considered as a sign. (The correct pronunciation of the name of this surah is 'Ali Imran'). Imran is the grandfather of Isa (AS).


title: Kolkhoz

text: The state also ran farms during that time, which were known as Sovkhoz. These farms existed from about 1917, the date of the October Revolution, to 1991, when the Soviet Union was disbanded. In a Sovkhoz, people were employed, and did not own any means of production.


title: Mazandarani language

text: Mazandarni language has the oldest literature among local languages in Iran. Among books written in this language are:


title: Al Imran

text: The first sermon starts from the first of the sura and continues till verse 32 and it was probably revealed near the battle of Badr.


title: Kolkhoz

text: As a collective farm, a "kolkhoz" was legally organized as a production cooperative. The Standard Charter of a kolkhoz is a model of cooperative principles in print. It speaks of the kolkhoz as a "form of agricultural production cooperative of peasants that voluntarily unite for the purpose of joint agricultural production based on [...] collective labor". It asserts that "the kolkhoz is managed according to the principles of socialist self-management, democracy, and openness, with active participation of the members in decisions concerning all aspects of internal life".


title: Al Imran

text: The second speech starts from verse 33 and ends in verse 63 (up to the end of the 6th verse). It was revealed in the 9th Hijri when the Najran delegation arrived.


title: Kolkhoz

text: They imposed detailed work programs and nominated their preferred managerial candidates. Since the mid-1930s, the kolkhozes had been in effect an offshoot of the state sector (although notionally they continued to be owned by their members). Nevertheless, in locations with particularly good land or if it happened to have capable management, some kolkhozes accumulated substantial sums of money in their bank accounts. As a result, many kolkhozes were formally nationalized by changing their status to "sovkhozes". The faint dividing lines between collective and state farms were obliterated almost totally in the late 1960s, when Khrushchev's administration authorized a guaranteed wage to kolkhoz members, similarly to sovkhoz employees. Essentially, his administration recognized their status as hired hands rather than authentic cooperative members. The guaranteed wage provision was incorporated in the 1969 version of the Standard Charter.


title: Al Imran

text: The third speech is from the beginning of the seventh ruku to the end of the twelfth ruku. It was revealed with the first speech.


title: Al Imran

text: The fourth discourse continues from the thirteenth ruku 'to the end of the surah. It was revealed after the battle of Ohod.


title: Al Imran

text: One: The trials, dangers and crises that the believers of this true religion were warned about earlier in Surah Al-Baqarah took place in full force. Although the believers won the battle of Badr, this battle was like throwing a wheel at Bhimrul. This first armed conflict suddenly shook all the Arab powers that were hostile to this new movement. Signs of a storm were appearing everywhere. There was a constant state of fear and unrest among the Muslims. It seemed, This small settlement of Medina, which has been attacked all over the world, will be wiped off the face of the earth. This situation had a very negative effect on the economic condition of Medina. Medina was a small mooseball town. The settlement was no more than a few show houses. The sudden arrival of a large number of emigrants there. As a result, the economic balance was lost. He was again in danger due to this state of war.


title: Al Imran

text: Two: The treaty that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) made with the Jewish tribes around Medina did not show the slightest respect for that treaty. During the Battle of Badr, all the sympathies of the People of the Book were with the idolatrous polytheists instead of the Muslims who believed in Tawheed and Prophethood and the Book and the Hereafter. After the Battle of Badr, they openly incited the Quraish and other Arab tribes against the Muslims to take revenge. In particular, the chief of the Bani Nadir, Ka'b ibn Ashraf, reduced his opposition to this to the level of blind rivalry. They did not care about the friendship and neighborly relations that these Jews had had with the people of Medina for hundreds of years. Finally, when their misdeeds and breaches of the covenant exceeded the limits, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was the most numerous of these Jewish tribes a few months after the Battle of Badr. The wicked 'Bani Kainuka' attacked the tribe and drove them out of the suburbs of Medina. But this only intensified the violence of other Jewish tribes. They conspired with the hypocritical Muslims of Medina and the polytheistic tribes of Hijaz and created innumerable dangers for Islam and Muslims on all sides. Even when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was attacked for his life, this fear was present all the time. At that time the Companions were always armed. Night guards were kept for fear of night raids. If the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) had been hidden from view for even a short time, the Companions would have gone out to look for him. By conspiring with the tribes, it created innumerable dangers on all sides for Islam and Muslims. Even when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was attacked for his life, this fear was present all the time. At that time the Companions were always armed. Night guards were kept for fear of night raids. If the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) had been hidden from view for even a short time, the Companions would have gone out to look for him. By conspiring with the tribes, it created innumerable dangers on all sides for Islam and Muslims. Even when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was attacked for his life, this fear was present all the time. At that time the Companions were always armed. Night guards were kept for fear of night raids. If the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) had been hidden from view for even a short time, the Companions would have gone out to look for him.


title: Al Imran

text: Three: After the defeat of Badr, the fire of revenge was burning in the minds of the Quraish, and the Jews sprinkled kerosene on him. As a result, a year later, a group of three thousand well-equipped soldiers from Medina attacked Medina. This battle took place at the foot of Mount Ohud. That is why it is known as the Battle of Ohod. One thousand people left Madinah with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) to take part in this battle. But on the way, three hundred hypocrites suddenly separated and returned to Medina. Among the seven hundred who remained with the Prophet was a small group of hypocrites. During the war, they made every possible effort to create strife among the Muslims. This is the first time that such a large number of sleeve snakes are hidden in the homes of Muslims and they have joined hands with outside enemies to harm their brothers and friends and relatives.


title: Al Imran

text: Four: The defeat of the Muslims in the battle of Uhud was a big part of the strategy of the hypocrites, but the Muslims themselves were no less a part of their weakness. It was only natural that the party, which had just been formed on the basis of a particular ideology and moral system, whose moral training had not yet been completed and whose only second chance to fight for its own beliefs and policies, should show some weakness. Therefore, it was necessary to comment in detail on all these incidents after the war and to point out the weaknesses of the Muslims in the eyes of Islam and to point out the corrections. In this context, it is useful to keep in mind that the Qur'an's commentary on this war is different from what other generals comment on it after their own war!


title: Al Imran

text: Verses: 1: - Alif Lam Meem. 2: - There is no god but Allah, He is the Ever-Living, the Possessor of all things. 3: He has sent down to you the Book with the truth; Which confirms the previous books. 4: - The Torah and the Gospel have been sent down before this Book for the guidance of mankind, and the Revelation has been sent down. Indeed, those who disbelieve in the verses of Allah - for them is a severe punishment. And Allah is Mighty, Avenger. 5: Nothing in the heavens and the earth is hidden from Allah. 6: He is the God who shapes you in the womb as He wills. There is no god but He. He is the Almighty, the Wise. 6: He is the One who sent down the Book to you. There are some clear verses in it, they are the real part of the book. And the others are metaphorical. So those who have crookedness in their hearts, They follow the metaphors in them for the purpose of spreading sedition and misinterpretation. And no one knows their interpretation except Allah. And those who are deep in knowledge say: We believe in it. All this is a revelation from our Lord. And no one receives education except those who are endowed with understanding. 6: Our Lord! Thou wilt not lead our hearts astray after Our guidance, and bestow on us grace from Thee. You are the giver of everything. 9: Our Lord! You will surely bring people together one day - there is no doubt about it. GOD does not fulfill His promise. 10: Those who disbelieve, their wealth and their children will not avail them aught against Allah. And they are the fuel of Hell. 11: The people of Pharaoh and those before them denied My revelations. As a result, GOD seized them for their sins, and GOD's retribution was severe. 12: Tell the disbelievers that you will soon be defeated and driven to Hell. What a miserable position. 13: Surely there was a sign for you between the two parties. A party fights in the way of Allah. And the other party was the disbelievers, who saw them with their own eyes. And whom Allah strengthens with His help. In the meantime, there are lessons for those who have vision. 14: - Mankind has been fascinated by women, children, zodiac gold and silver, marked horses, cattle and farms. All these are the consumables of worldly life. The best refuge is with God. 15: - Say, Shall I tell you to seek better than this? For those who guard (against evil), with Allah is Paradise, beneath which rivers flow, to abide therein forever. And pure companions, and the pleasure of Allah. And Allah is ever watchful over His servants.


title: Arcachon

text: Arcachon (Arcaishon in Gascon) is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.


title: Kenan Evren

text: Ahmet Kenan Evren (17 July 1917 – 9 May 2015), was a Turkish politician who served as the 7th President of Turkey. He was a former Turkish general and the leader of the coup d'état on 12 September 1980.


title: Austen Chamberlain

text: Sir Joseph Austen Chamberlain, KG (16 October 1863 – 17 March 1937) was a British politician. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925. His father was another important politician, Joseph Chamberlain, and his half-brother (they had a different mother) was Neville Chamberlain, British Prime Minister from 1937 to 1940.


title: Salicylic acid

text: Salicylic acid is a chemical substance. It is an acid. It is the base ingredient for a drug called aspirin. It is also used as a food preservative, and to treat diseases of the skin, like acne or warts. It is also used in shampoos to treat dandruff (flaking skin on the head).


title: Sonoran Desert

text: The Sonoran Desert is a North American desert. It covers large parts of the Southwestern United States in Arizona and California. It also covers parts of Northwestern Mexico. This includes Sonora, Baja California and Baja California Sur. It is the hottest desert in North America. The Sonoran Desert has an area of . The western portion of the United States–Mexico border goes through the Sonoran Desert. It is the hottest desert in North America. It is known for its giant Saguaro cactuses.


title: Menorah (Temple)

text: The menorah was an ancient lamp that accompanied the Israelites during their wanderings through the desert and later sat in their Temple. It had seven branches (a center branch with three branches on each of its sides), and it was made of gold. Olive oil fed the menorah's flames. God commanded Moses to construct the menorah while Moses and the Israelites were wandering the desert (see Book of Numbers chapter 8).


title: Esch-sur-Alzette

text: Esch-sur-Alzette ( , or "Esch an der Alzig", ) is a commune with city status in south-western Luxembourg, capital of the canton Esch-sur-Alzette.


title: Malmö FF

text: Malmö FF is an association football club in the town of Malmö in Sweden. The club was established on 24 February 1910.


title: Streptococcus

text: Streptococcus is a genus of spherical Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes and the lactic acid bacteria group. They are cocci, meaning that they are shaped like spheres or circles. Cellular division occurs along a single axis in these bacteria, and thus they grow in chains or pairs, hence the name from Greek στρεπτος "streptos", meaning easily bent or twisted, like a chain (twisted chain). Contrast this with staphylococci, which divide along multiple axes and generate grape-like clusters of cells. Streptococci are oxidase and catalase-negative, and many are facultative anaerobes.


title: Alibaba Group

text: Alibaba Group Holding Limited, also known as Alibaba (), is a Chinese multinational technology company.


title: Arcachon

text: The "commune" of Arcachon has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .


title: Kenan Evren

text: On 18 June 2014, Evren and General Tahsin Şahinkaya were given life sentences because of their roles in the 1980 coup. Evren and Şahinkaya had both of their military ranks stripped and both were demoted to rank of Private.


title: Austen Chamberlain

text: Austen was born in Birmingham on the 16 October 1863, but two days later his mother died. His grandparents looked after him and his sister, Beatrice. Austen went to Rugby school, a famous private school, and then studied at the University of Cambridge. He then studied in a political college in Paris and at a university in Berlin. He returned to Britain in 1888.


title: Menorah (Temple)

text: The menorah is associated with miracles, such as the miracle of Hanukkah. During First Jewish-Roman War, the Romans destroyed the Temple and took its treasures, including the menorah. They took the menorah to Rome and displayed it throughout the city during a celebration of their victory over the Jewish rebels.


title: Esch-sur-Alzette

text: The town is usually referred to just as Esch, but there is also a village and "commune" further north, in the Wiltz canton, named Esch-sur-Sûre from which to distinguish it.


title: Malmö FF

text: The club has won the Swedish national championship twenty times: in 1944, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1953, 1965, 1967, 1970, 1971, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1986, 1988, 2004, 2010, 2013 2014 2016 2017 2020 2021. They have won the Swedish cup fourteen times (1944, 1946, 1947, 1951, 1953, 1967, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1978, 1980, 1984, 1986 and 1989), which makes them the most successful team in Sweden in history, in terms of the number of titles in these competitions.


title: Arcachon

text: The "commune" has to the south the La Teste de Buch "commune" and to the north the Arcachon Bay (), a bay of the Atlantic Ocean on the southwest coast of France.


title: Austen Chamberlain

text: In 1892, Chamberlain became a Member of Parliament for Worcestershire, as a member of his father's party, the Liberal Unionist Party. The Liberal Unionists worked to keep Ireland as a part of the United Kingdom. Chamberlain worked hard for his father, and in 1895 the prime minister gave him a job helping to run the Royal Navy. Chamberlain became important very quickly. In 1903 the new prime minister, Balfour gave him the job of controlling the Post Office. Then in 1904 he became Chancellor of the Exchequer, responsible for the economy.


title: Menorah (Temple)

text: Today, the menorah is featured in the present state of Israel's coat of arms, and some Jewish places of worship contain replicas of the menorah. A nine-branch menorah is used during Hanukkah.


title: Esch-sur-Alzette

text: For a long time Esch-sur-Alzette was a small farming village in the valley of the Alzette river. This changed when important amounts of iron ore were found in the area in the 1850s. With the development of the mines and the steel industry the town's population multiplied tenfold in a couple of decades.


title: Arcachon

text: The climate of Arcachon is Marine West Coast Climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb), with mild winters and warm summers.


title: Austen Chamberlain

text: In 1906, the government lost the general election, and Chamberlain lost his job in the government. When his father became ill because of a stroke, he helped his father by fighting against Home Rule, the plan to make Ireland independent. In the First World War, Chamberlain got the job responsible for India, and after the war he became Chancellor of the Exchequer again. Here he helped Britain to recover from the war. He was leader of the Conservative Party from 1921 to 1922.


title: Esch-sur-Alzette

text: Esch-sur-Alzette is in the south-west of the country, on the border with France. It is the capital of the Red Lands region.


title: Arcachon

text: Arcachon is a subprefecture of the Gironde department since December 2006 when the "arrondissement" of Arcachon was made.


title: Austen Chamberlain

text: In 1924, the Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin gave Chamberlain the job of Foreign Secretary, working with important people from other countries. In 1925. At this time, France and Germany were arguing about war reparations, money paid by the Germans to the countries that won the First World War. Many people were worried that war might start again. Chamberlain met with Gustav Stresemann, the German Foreign secretary. Together with Aristide Briand, they signed the Locarno Pact, an never to use the military to solve problems again. For this, all three men won the Nobel Peace Prize, Chamberlain in 1925, Briand and Stresemann in 1926.


title: Esch-sur-Alzette

text: The "commune" is in the valley of the Alzette river, a right tributary of the Sauer river and which flows through the town, and has an area of . The altitude is high. At the city hall, the altitude is high.


title: Austen Chamberlain

text: After the 1929 general election, Chamberlain lost his job as Foreign Secretary. He stayed in parliament, and often argued with the government about their foreign policy (plans). From 1934 until his death in 1937, Chamberlain warned the government about the Nazi Germany, who were building a larger military. Together with Winston Churchill, he argued that Britain should build its military too.


title: Esch-sur-Alzette

text: Esch-sur-Alzette is surrounded by six "communes" of Luxembourg: Mondercange to the north, Schifflange to the northeast, Kayl to the east, Rumelange to the southeast and Sanem to the northwest. To the southwest, the "commune" borders the Audun-le-Tiche "commune" in the Moselle department of France; and to the west Russange also in the Moselle department.


title: Austen Chamberlain

text: Austen Chamberlain died on 17 March 1937, shortly before his half-brother, Neville Chamberlain became Prime Minister.


title: Esch-sur-Alzette

text: There were 34,378 persons living in the "commune" in 2017, for a population density of inhabitants/km².


title: Northwest Passage

text: The Northwest Passage is a sea passage along the north coast of North America, through the Arctic Ocean. Because of ice, the passage is usually closed to ships.


title: Cinnabar

text: Cinnabar is a mineral. It is the main ore of mercury and is made up of the chemical mercuric sulphide (HgS). Cinnabar exists in two crystal forms. Red cinnabar is used for the pigment vermilion. It is poisonous, and may go black with age. The other crystal form is black, and does not react chemically to anything except strong acids. Cinnabar has a Mohs hardness of 2-2.5.


title: Lockheed Martin

text: Lockheed Martin Corporation is an American aerospace, defense, arms, security, and advanced technologies company with worldwide interests. It was formed by the merger of Lockheed Corporation with Martin Marietta in March 1995. It is headquartered in North Bethesda, Maryland, in the Washington, D.C., area. Lockheed Martin employs approximately 110,000 people worldwide as of January 2020.


title: Encyclopédie

text: Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers () was a general encyclopedia published in France between 1751 and 1772. The full title was "Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, par une société de gens de lettres, mis en ordre par M. Diderot de l'Académie des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Prusse, et quant à la partie mathématique, par M. d'Alembert de l'Académie royale des Sciences de Paris, de celle de Prusse et de la Société royale de Londres."


title: Alfredo Stroessner

text: Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda (November 3, 1912 – August 16, 2006) was the President of Paraguay from 1954 until 1989. His time as president is seen by most as a dictatorship. Stroessner began is career in 1929 at the age of sixteen when he joined the Paraguayan army. In 1951, he was a commander-in-chief of the Paraguayan army. He led a revolt to overthrow president Federico Chavez. Since he was the only canidate, he was elected president. During his rule, Alfredo Stroessner helped with economy of the country, but anyone who criticized him was put in prison. He was a controversial leader. He has been accused of allowing murder or torture of opponents or criticizers of his government. Other crimes which he has been said to support include abduction, pedophilia and rape of children. He was in power until 1989 when he was overthrown. He died on August 16, 2006 in Brasilia while in exile.


title: Theodolite

text: A theodolite is a tool for measuring angles between two places (or points) from one place. They are usually associated with surveying. They are often mounted on a special kind of tripod.


title: Northwest Passage

text: The Spanish Empire wanted to reach Asia by a western route, because Portugal controlled the eastern route around the Cape of Good Hope. Spain wanted to have a route that it could control. This caused most European countries to search for a possible route. Roald Amundsen was the first person to navigate the passage between 1903 and 1906.


title: Encyclopédie

text: The "Encyclopédie" was the first encyclopedia to include contributions from many people, and it was the first to include applied science and engineering. Still, the "Encyclopédie" is famous above all for representing the thought of the Enlightenment. According to Denis Diderot in the article "Encyclopédie", the "Encyclopédie"'s aim was "to change the way people think."


title: Theodolite

text: They are usually a telescope on a mount that can move horizontally (left and right) and vertically (up and down). The mount has a scale where the readings are taken, usually in degrees for older models and arc minutes or arc seconds for newer models. The telescope normally has a crosshair to make it easy to align it to the points to be surveyed. The theodolite was the first tool that could do vertical and horizontal measurements in the same device.


title: Encyclopédie

text: The "Encyclopédie" was conceived as a translation of Ephraim Chambers's "Cyclopaedia" (1728). In 1743, the translation was given by the Parisian book publisher André Le Breton to John Mills, an Englishman living in France. In May 1745, Le Breton announced the work as available for sale, but Mills had not done the work. Le Breton beat Mills with a cane. Mills sued for assault, but Le Breton was set free because he was justified. For his new editor, Le Breton chose mathematician Jean Paul de Gua de Malves. In August 1747, Gua de Malves was fired for being a poor leader. Le Breton then hired Diderot and Jean d'Alembert as the new editors. Diderot would remain editor for the next twenty-five years, seeing the "Encyclopédie" through to completion.


title: Encyclopédie

text: Many of the most noted figures of the French Enlightenment contributed to the "Encyclopédie", including Voltaire, Rousseau, and Baron d'Holbach. The most prolific contributor wrote 17,266 articles, or about eight per day, between 1759 and 1765.


title: Encyclopédie

text: Print run: 4,250 copies (note: even single-volume works in the 18th Century seldom had a print run of more than 1,500 copies)


title: 1. FC Kaiserslautern

text: 1.F.C. Kaiserslautern, also known as 1. FCK, FCK or simply Kaiserslautern, is a association football club from Kaiserslautern, Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany. On 2 June 1900, Germania 1896 and FG Kaiserslautern came together to become the F.C. 1900. In 1909, they then joined F.C. Palatia (founded in 1901) and F.C. Bavaria (founded in 1902) to create F.V. 1900 Kaiserslautern. In 1929 they once again joined forces with S.V. Phönix to become F.V. Phönix-Kaiserslautern before finally taking on this new name three years later. Kaiserslautern plays in the German Bundesliga, the best league in Germany.


title: Hilo, Hawaii

text: Hilo () is the second-largest CDP in the State of Hawaii and the largest settlement on the island of Hawaii with a population of 40,759 during the 2000 census.


title: Columbia

text: Columbia is the original name for the United States and inspired the names of many things. For the original Columbia, see "Historical Columbia".


title: Egyptian Museum

text: The Egyptian Museum, formally known as the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, is a museum in Cairo, Egypt, which has a large collection of ancient Egyptian antiquities in the world. It has 120,000 items. The museum's Royal Mummy Room, shows some mummies of New Kingdom kings and queens.


title: Francis Fukuyama

text: Francis Fukuyama (born October 27, 1952) is an American political scientist and author, who is most known for his widely discussed book "The End of History and the Last Man" was published in 1992, in which thesis of a post-Cold War.


title: Amulet

text: An amulet (from Latin "amuletum", meaning "charm"), is an object that people think will bring good luck and or protection to its owner.


title: Libyan Desert

text: The Libyan Desert forms the northern and eastern part of the Sahara Desert. It describes that part of the Sahara that lies within the present-day state of Libya; it also historically describes the desert to the south of Ancient Libya, a territory which lay to the east of the present-day state. The Libyan Desert is one of the driest, harshest and most remote parts of the Sahara, the world's largest hot desert. This extended desert country is barren, dry and rainless.


title: Simona Halep

text: Simona Halep (born 27 September 1991 in Constanța, Romania) is a professional tennis player from Romania. She is the winner of 2018 French Open. Halep is currently ranked world no. 1.


title: Excise

text: An excise or excise tax is an indirect tax charged on certain goods. As an indirect tax, they are charged by the producer or the merchant who then has to pay the government. For the same reason they are also not considered a sales tax. Excise taxes are commonly part of the retail price of a product such as gasoline, alcohol or cigarettes. Excise taxes may be charged by both state and federal governments.


title: Budva

text: Budva () is a Montenegrin town on the Adriatic Sea, former bishopric and present Latin Catholic titular see. The coastal area around Budva, called the Budva riviera. It is the center of Montenegrin tourism, known for its well-preserved medieval walled city, sandy beaches and diverse nightlife. Budva is 2,500 years old, which makes it one of the oldest settlements on the Adriatic coast. It has about 14,000 inhabitants.


title: Paul J. Crutzen

text: Paul Jozef Crutzen (; 3 December 1933 – 28 January 2021) was a Dutch atmospheric chemist. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995. He was known for work on the ozone layer and climate change.


title: Oujda

text: Oujda (; ) is a major Moroccan city near the border with Algeria. Oujda is the capital city of the Oriental region of northeastern Morocco and has a population of about 558,000 people living there.


title: Giresun

text: Giresun is a city in northeastern Turkey. The city is in the East Black Sea Region. In 2020, 448,721 people lived there.


title: 1. FC Kaiserslautern

text: FCK plays its home matches in the Fritz Walter Stadion. It was built in 1920. The stadium and the neighbouring street is named after the FCK player Fritz Walter. Walter was member of the 1954 World Cup squad.The stadium is on the Betzenberg, a steep sandstone hill. The stadium has a capacity of 49,780 and was a 2006 World Cup stadium.


title: Hilo, Hawaii

text: Hilo is the county seat of Hawaii County, Hawaii, and is in the South Hilo District. The town overlooks Hilo Bay.


title: Egyptian Museum

text: Another large museum of Egyptian antiquities is Egyptian Museum of Turin, which is the only museum other than the Cairo Museum that is dedicated only to Egyptian art and culture.


title: Francis Fukuyama

text: He was born in Chicago, Illinois, United States. He earned his Ph.D in political science from Harvard University.


title: Amulet

text: Usually amulets are gems, statues, coins, drawings, pendants, rings, plants, animals, etc. Even words can be amulets, such as "vade retro satana"—(Latin, "go back, Satan"), to make bad luck go away.


title: Excise

text: Excise taxes are different from sales tax in two important ways. First, excise is charged only on specific goods. Sales tax can apply to most things a person might buy although certain jurisdictions may exempt food or clothing. Excise taxes are usually applied to luxury goods or products linked to health issues such as tanning salons or cigarettes. Secondly, sales tax is charged as a percentage of the purchase price. An excise tax is usually a fixed amount added to the price. It can be hard to tell how much excise tax a person pays because it is part of the purchase price. Sales tax is added to the price and is usually shown on the receipt.


title: Hilo, Hawaii

text: Hilo is home to the University of Hawaii at Hilo, as well as the Merrie Monarch Festival, a week-long celebration of ancient and modern hula, which takes place every year after Easter. It is also home to the Mauna Loa Macadamia Nut Corporation, one of the world's leading producers of macadamia nuts. It is served by Hilo International Airport, inside the CDP.


title: Excise

text: In the United States, excise taxes make up about 4 percent of all federal revenues. This is lower than many other countries. The Constitution refers to excise tax as an indirect tax. Some states in the United States have different names for excise taxes. For example, in the state of Massachusetts the excise tax charged on automobiles is called an "ad valorem tax".


title: Hilo, Hawaii

text: Although there is not much archaeological evidence, people lived in the areas along Hilo Bay, Wailuku and Wailoa Rivers before the Western world made contact. They were known as the Hilo. They dominated the high mountaintops until the middle 1800s. Hilo means high mountaintop in the original language of the native peoples who lived on the mountaintops. King Kamehameha, the first king of Hawaii, conquered all the islands and then moved the Hilo mountain settlement to the shore after the arrival of outsiders.


title: Hilo, Hawaii

text: Originally, the name Hilo applied to the whole district of Hilo, now divided into South Hilo District and North Hilo District. When William Ellis visited in 1823, the main settlement in Hilo district was Waiākea on Hilo Bay. Missionaries came to the district in the early to middle 1800s, founding several churches, notably Haili Church, in the area of modern Hilo.


title: Hilo, Hawaii

text: Hilo expanded as sugar plantations in the surrounding area created new jobs and drew in many workers from Asia, making the city a trading center.


title: Hilo, Hawaii

text: A breakwater across Hilo Bay was begun in the 1900s and completed in 1929. On April 1, 1946, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake near the Aleutian Islands created a fourteen-meter high tsunami that hit Hilo 4.9 hours later, killing 160 people. In response an early warning system, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, was established in 1949 to track these killer waves and provide warning. This tsunami also meant the end of the Hawaii Consolidated Railway, and instead the Hawaii Belt Road was built north of Hilo using some of the railbed.


title: Hilo, Hawaii

text: On May 23, 1960, another tsunami, caused by a 9.5 magnitude earthquake off the coast of Chile the previous day, claimed 61 lives allegedly due to people's failure to heed warning sirens. Low-lying bayfront areas of the city on Waiākea peninsula and along Hilo Bay, previously populated, were rededicated as parks and memorials.


title: Hilo, Hawaii

text: Hilo is classified by the United States Census Bureau as a census-designated place (CDP), and has a total area of , of which is land and of which (7.10%) is water.


title: Hilo, Hawaii

text: Hilo features a tropical rainforest climate (Koppen "Af"), with substantial rainfall throughout the course of the year. Hilo's location on the eastern side of the island of Hawaii (windward relative to the trade winds) makes it the wettest city in the United States and one of the wettest cities in the world. An average of around of rain fell at Hilo International Airport annually between 1971–2000, with 275 days of the year receiving some rain. At some other weather stations in Hilo the annual rainfall is above .


title: Hilo, Hawaii

text: Monthly average temperatures range from in January to in August. The highest recorded temperature was on May 20, 1996, and the lowest on February 21, 1962. The wettest year was 1994 with and the driest year was 1983 with . The most rainfall in one month was in December 1954. The most rainfall in 24 hours was on November 2, 2000.


title: Hilo, Hawaii

text: There are many educational institutions in Hilo. Some of these are the University of Hawaii at Hilo and Hawaii Community College.


title: Alben W. Barkley

text: Alben William Barkley (November 24, 1877 – April 30, 1956) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate from Paducah, Kentucky, majority leader of the Senate, and the thirty-fifth vice president of the United States. He was the oldest vice president of the United States at the age of . He ran for president in 1952, however the Democratic Party primaries had nominated Adlai Stevenson II instead and labor union leaders rejected him to run because of old age (74).


title: Dragan Stojković

text: Dragan Stojković (born 3 March 1965) is a former Serbian (formerly Yugoslavian) football player. He has played for Yugoslavia national team and Serbia national team. He also played for teams in France, Italy and Japan.


title: Chiton

text: image caption Lined chiton, Tonicella lineata The eight plates on this chiton's shell are easy to see regnum Animalia


title: Russian Academy of Sciences

text: The Russian Academy of Sciences (, shortened to , "RAN") is a network of scientific research institutes across the Russian Federation. consists of the national academy of Russia and a network of scientific research institutes from across the country. It also includes other scientific and social groups like libraries, publishing units and hospitals.


title: Osamu Tezuka

text: Osamu Tezuka (, Tezuka Osamu, November 3, 1928 – February 9, 1989) was a famous Japanese cartoonist, manga artist, animator, producer and Doctor of Medicine, although he never practiced medicine. He was born in Osaka Prefecture. He created "Astro Boy", "Kimba the White Lion" and "Black Jack". He is often credited as the "Father of Anime", and is often considered the Japanese equivalent to Walt Disney, who was a major inspiration for Tezuka.


title: Chiton

text: classis authority Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville Blainville 1816 subclassis †Multiplacophora, Paeleoplacophora Neoloricata


title: Russian Academy of Sciences

text: The Academy was started in 1724 as the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences. It had various names and became the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. In 1991 it became again the Russian Academy of Sciences.


title: Osamu Tezuka

text: Tezuka began what was known as the manga revolution in Japan with his New Treasure Island published in 1947. His legendary output would spawn some of the most influential, successful, and well received manga series including the children mangas Astro Boy, Princess Knight and Kimba the White Lion, and the adult oriented series Black Jack, Phoenix, and Buddha, all of which won several awards.


title: Chiton

text: Chitons are primitive Ocean|marine molluscs in the class biology class Polyplacophora ormerly the class Amphineura There are 900 to 1,000 living species of chitons Their size ranges from 0.5 to 30&nbsp cm in length most are quite small ITIS ID 78807 rename Barnes Barnes Robert D1982. Invertebrate Zoology Philadelphia PA Holt Saunders 381389 ISBN 0-03-0567475 All the living species are in the subclass Neoloricata and so may be called loricates Popular names are sea cradles or coat of mail shells They have a single shell that sticks to rocks, like a limpet The shell is made of hard plates that fit tightly together, overlapping one another The shell plates are surrounded by a structure known as a girdle


title: Russian Academy of Sciences

text: Like the French Academy of Sciences and unlike The Royal Society in Britain, the Russian Academy of Sciences has two types of membership. The top-level members are academicians (877 scientists, as of October 2022). The next-level members are corresponding members (1130 scientists). There are also professors of the RAN (715 scientists). 16 professors became academicians and 163 professors became corresponding members. These are now counted twice: as professors and as members. The last elections were organized in May-June 2022. To be elected to the Academy is a great honor for any researcher.


title: Osamu Tezuka

text: Tezuka died of stomach cancer in 1989. His death had an immediate impact on the Japanese public and other cartoonists. A museum was constructed in Takarazuka dedicated to his memory and life works, and Tezuka received many posthumous awards. Several animations were in production at the time of his death along with the final chapters of Phoenix, which were never released.


title: Chiton

text: Polyplacophora means "many plates". The plates refer to the shell, which is made of aragonite, a calcium carbonate mineral. The shell is quite flexible, and the chiton can even roll into a ball. The chiton has eight plates, and underneath the plates is a muscular foot that moves the chiton over rocks and other structures, both in and out of the water. It also has a tongue-shaped structure called the radula, which has many rows of 17 teeth each. Some use it to scrape algae off rocks, while others are carnivorous, catching tiny zooplankton and other small animals that live in shallow water.


title: Osamu Tezuka

text: ,"Manga is virtual. Manga is sentiment. Manga is resistance. Manga is bizarre. Manga is pathos. Manga is destruction. Manga is arrogance. Manga is love. Manga is kitsch. Manga is sense of wonder. Manga is … there is no conclusion yet."


title: Chiton

text: Chitons can be less than an inch long, or up to a foot long. They come in many different colors: black, red, pink, and even blue. The shell might be shiny or dull, or smooth, hairy, scaly, or spiny depending on the species.


title: Chiton

text: If a chiton was picked up and turned over, there would be no eyes, legs, or arms. There would only be a wide foot with a radula that it uses for scraping surfaces. Its mantle is right under the shell, with the lowest part of the mantle coming out under the edge of the shell to help its foot grip the surfaces on which it clings or slides along. The part of the mantle which sticks out is called the "girdle". Like the moon snail, the girdle may extend out over the bottom part of the shell covering the bottom half of the chiton.


title: Chiton

text: Most chitons are "nocturnal", so they feed at night, and hide under rocks during the day. Their main habitat is the intertidal zone. They live on hard surfaces, such as on or under rocks, or in rock crevices. Some species live quite high in the intertidal zone and are exposed to the air and light for long periods. Others live subtidally. A few species live in deep water, as deep as 6,000 m (about 20,000 ft).


title: Chiton

text: Chitons have a relatively good fossil record, stretching back 400 million years to the Devonian. Before this, some organisms have been interpreted (tentatively) as stem-group polyplacophora; the record of polyplacophora stretches back to the Upper Cambrian.


title: Chiton

text: "Kimberella" and "Wiwaxia " of the Precambrian and Cambrian may be related to ancestral polyplacophora. "Matthevia" is a late Cambrian polyplacophoran preserved as individual pointed valves, and sometimes considered to be a chiton. The polyplacophorans may have formed when an aberrant monoplacophoran was born with multiple centres of calcification, rather than the usual one. Selection acted on the resultant conical shells to form them to overlap into protective armour. Their original cones are homologous with the tips of the plates of modern chitons.


title: Sarasota, Florida

text: Sarasota is a city on the West coast of Florida, in the United States. It is the place where the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus has its home. In 2000, 52,715 people lived there (US. Census 2000). Many famous people have lived in the city, such as: Tom Cruise (actor), Brian Johnson (band singer), and Paul Reubens (the actor, "Pee-wee Herman").


title: Sodium sulfate

text: Sodium sulfate, also known as Glauber's salt, is a chemical compound made of sodium and sulfate ions. It is a bitter-tasting white solid. It is made by a neutralization reaction between sodium hydroxide with sulfuric acid. The sodium ions are in the oxidation state of +1. It is used to make detergents and paper making. Its pH is neutral.


The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) is a professional honorary group meant for the advancement of the arts and sciences of motion pictures.


title: Ajax (programming)

text: AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. It is a technique used to make webpages faster to use. If they are programmed with AJAX, they seem to react faster. They only send small bits of information to the web server. That way the whole web page does not need to reload, only small parts of it.


title: Mikis Theodorakis

text: Michael "Mikis" Theodorakis ( ; 29 July 1925 – 2 September 2021) was a Greek songwriter and composer. He wrote over 1000 songs. He was born in Chios, Greece. His career began in 1943. He was known for composing the movie scores for "Zorba the Greek" (1964), "Z" (1969), and "Serpico" (1973). He is known as Greece's best-known composer. He was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize.


title: Oliver Heaviside

text: Oliver Heaviside (Camden, London 18 May 1850 – Torquay, Devon 3 February 1925) was a self-taught English electrical engineer, mathematician, and physicist.


title: Marzipan

text: It is made of sugar or honey and crushed almonds ('almond meal'). Sometimes almond oil or extract is added. It is made into sweets, and rolled into thin sheets for putting round cakes. The sweets are marzipan-filled chocolate and small marzipan imitations of fruits and vegetables. Used as a covering for cakes, it is glazed. Glazing is a cooking technique which make it harder, and avoid unsightly damage.


title: Anthony Perkins

text: Anthony Perkins (April 4, 1932 - September 12, 1992) was an American actor. He is best known for his roles in "Psycho" and its sequels, where he played Norman Bates, a serial killer who suffered from dissociative identity disorder.


title: Norte de Santander Department

text: Norte de Santander is a department of Colombia. Its capital is Cúcuta. It is in the north of the country, bordering Venezuela. It is named in honor of Colombian military and political leader Francisco de Paula Santander.


title: Ornella Muti

text: Ornella Muti (born Francesca Romana Rivelli; 9 March 1955) is an Italian actress. She is known for her role as Princess Aura in the 1980 cult classic "Flash Gordon".


title: Suicide Squad (movie)

text: The movie was written and directed by David Ayer. It starred a cast featuring Will Smith, Jared Leto, Margot Robbie, Joel Kinnaman, Jai Courtney, Cara Delevingne, Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, Karen Fukuhara, Jay Hernandez, Adam Beach, and Viola Davis with Ben Affleck as Batman and Ezra Miller as The Flash.


title: Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences

text: The Academy has over 6,000 motion picture professionals as members. While the most of its members are in the United States, membership is open to filmmakers around the world. As of 2004, it had members from 36 countries. It is known around the world for its yearly Academy Awards, known to most people as the "Oscars."


title: Mikis Theodorakis

text: On February 26, 2019, Theodorakis was hospitalized due to heart problems. On March 8, 2019, Theodorakis had heart surgery to place a pacemaker.


title: Oliver Heaviside

text: Although he was well known in the scientific world during his life, it was not until after his death that people realized how much he had changed the study of mathematics and physics. He used complex numbers to study electrical circuits and did a lot of work on electromagnetic wave theory which made it necessary to find new ways of working with differential equations. He did work on Maxwell's field equations and vector analysis. In fact, he was the inventor of Vector Calculus. Part of the ionosphere is co-named after him: the Kennelly-Heaviside layer. His personality was very eccentric and he is a good example of what many people think of as a mad scientist.


title: Anthony Perkins

text: Perkins was born in New York City and was the son of actor Osgood Perkins (1892-1937). He moved to Boston, Massachusetts in 1942.


title: Suicide Squad (movie)

text: By February 2009, a "Suicide Squad" movie was being made at Warner Bros. Pictures. David Ayer signed on to write and direct in September 2014 and by October the casting process had begun. Principal photography began on April 13, 2015 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and in Chicago, Illinois, and ended in August that year. The film was released on August 5, 2016 in 2D, 3D, and IMAX 3D.


text: Also, the Academy gives Student Academy Awards to filmmakers at the undergraduate and graduate level each year; awards up to five Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting each year; and runs the Margaret Herrick Library in Beverly Hills, California and the Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study in Hollywood, California, which will grow to include Academy Museum of Motion Pictures, to open as a tourist site in 2017.


title: Mikis Theodorakis

text: Theodorakis died on September 2, 2021, at his home in Athens, Greece from cardiac arrest at the age of 96.


title: Oliver Heaviside

text: Heaviside was born in Camden Town, London. His father was a skilled wood engraver. His uncle, Sir Charles Wheatstone (1802-1875), co-invented the telegraph and made famous experiments in 1837 from Euston Station.


title: Anthony Perkins

text: Perkins was bisexual. He was married to photographer Berry Berenson (1948-2001) from 1973 until his death from AIDS in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California in 1992. The couple had two sons, actor Oz (born 1974) and musician Elvis (born 1976). Berenson was killed in the September 11 terrorist attacks. She was aboard American Airlines Flight 11 when it was hijacked and crashed into the World Trade Center.


title: Oliver Heaviside

text: Heaviside was short and he had red-hair. When he was young he suffered from scarlet fever which made him rather deaf, especially in his later years. Heaviside studied at Camden House School until he was 16 and continued to study at home until he was 18. He got a job as telegraph operator and spent some time working in Denmark. He noticed that operating speeds were 40% faster from England to Denmark than the other way round, and in 1871 he found a fault in the telegraph cable from England to Denmark. In 1873 he got a copy of the first edition of Maxwell’s book "A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism". He was very influenced by this book and it helped him to produce many mathematical ideas. At this time he was working in Newcastle. In 1875 he went back to London to live with his parents. There he spent a lot of time writing up his discoveries, but no one wanted to publish his papers because they were too difficult to understand. He analysed alternating currents 15 years before they started to be used commercially.


title: Oliver Heaviside

text: When his parents moved to Paignton he moved with them. After their deaths he lived at Newton Abbott and then, from 1908 until death, in Torquay. He was unmarried.


title: Oliver Heaviside

text: In his old age Heaviside became more and more eccentric. He was poor, and lived alone in a large house in Torquay that he could not afford to heat properly. He liked it when friends visited, but many people were put off because he could often be rude. He could not cook, and a friendly policeman regularly came to the house to bring him food. Because Heaviside was deaf and could not hear the knock on the door the policeman used to open the letterbox and blow his whistle loudly. The house and garden was in a terrible mess. He had lumps of granite in his house for furniture. He often put the letters W.O.R.M. after his name, just for a joke. He took to painting his finger nails pink. On at least one occasion he dyed his hair black and, while it was wet, he wore a teacosy on his head.


title: Oliver Heaviside

text: When, in 1925, he fell off a ladder and was taken by ambulance to a nursing home, it was the first time he had ever been in a motor vehicle. He told the ambulance driver that he had enjoyed the ride. He died at the nursing home in Torquay a month later and was buried in Paignton.


title: Oliver Heaviside

text: Heaviside was like Sir Isaac Newton in that he worked alone and did not always publish the whole of his experiments. He wrote a lot of ideas in his notebooks, but he did not think these ideas were ready for publication, yet they turned out to be very important. For example, he suggested that there was an atmospheric conducting layer many kilometers above the earth’s surface which could be used for sending long-distance radio-waves around the curvature of the earth. In 1923 it was indeed discovered that there were complex, ionized layers (called the ‘‘ionosphere”). The Kennelly-Heaviside layer was later named after him. By 1950, 25 years after his death, there were more than 50 stations worldwide experimenting with radio communication in the upper atmosphere.


title: Oliver Heaviside

text: Heaviside made studies on how to transmit speech clearly in telephone communication. He studied reflection in telephone circuits (these produced disturbing echoes). From 1886 he spent most of his time on the propagation of electromagnetic waves through space which had been developed by Hertz and on the motion of atoms which had been discovered by J.J. Thomson.


title: Oliver Heaviside

text: Heaviside was not interested in receiving honours. Indeed, he never made any money from his discoveries and often found it difficult to pay the bills. He was probably very pleased to be made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1891. He was awarded a £120 a year Civil List pension by the government. In 1908 he was elected an Honorary Member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, and in 1918 Honorary Membership of the Americal Institute of Electrical Engineers. In 1921 he was the first person to be honoured with the Faraday Medal.


title: Great Red Spot

text: The Great Red Spot is a hurricane on the surface of the planet Jupiter. It is so big that two or three Earths could fit inside it. It has been going on for at least 340 years.


title: Careca

text: Careca (born 5 October 1960) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.


title: Geert Wilders

text: Geert Wilders (born 6 September 1963) is a Dutch right-wing populist and nationalist politician, born in Venlo. He is a member of the Dutch Parliament. He joined the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy first, and in 2006 created and has become the leader for the Party for Freedom.


title: Gendarmerie

text: The gendarmerie means either the place where gendarmes are stationed or a military armed force. The gendarmerie is part of the army. In places where gendarmes are deployed outside, they also have a provost function.


title: Adhesion

text: Adhesion is the process in which dissimilar particles stick together. In the case of similar particles, this effect is called cohesion. Adhesion results from the physical properties of the interface between two phases. The forces that result in adhesion are not fully known, there are different explanations. Five different types of adhesion have been proposed: