title: Male prostitution in Pakistan

text: Male prostitution has become common place in the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and has taken roots in the society as a norm and sign of financial muscle. Bacha bazi as it is known, where children especially young boys are dressed as women and forced to sing and dance in front of men, who later take them for sexual pleasure and pay the family dowry.


title: Gauravv Mittal

text: As a astrologer and numerologist, he has made various predictions, some of his notable predictions include the winning of Yogi Adityanath as UP chief minister, Arvind Kejriwal as Delhi chief minister and Narendra Modi as Prime Minister of India. He is actively involved in predicting Indian politics. He is also a columnist for the Hindi newspaper "Jansatta", and the English newspaper, "Deccan Herald", where he columns about astrology and business.


title: Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs

text: Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs is a 1970 album by Derek and the Dominos. It includes one of the best rock songs of all time, with the memorable guitar riff, "Layla".


title: Gwalvanshi Ahir

text: The Gwalvanshi Ahir are Descendants of Gopas (Cowherd). the Ahirs (Yadavs) are divided into different subdivisions (Gwalvanshi, Yaduvanshi and Nandvanshi). They belong to Yaduvanshi stock.


title: SAVAK

text: SAVAK (, abbreviation for "Sâzemân-e Ettelâ'ât va Amniat-e Kešvar", ) was the secret police, domestic security and intelligence service in Iran during the reign of the Pahlavi dynasty.


title: Quadronno District

text: Quadronno is one of the districts that make up Milano in the center of the Milano metropolitan area. The "Quartiere Quadronno" is a district of Milan, one of the richest in the city, enclosed in a square between the areas of Crocetta and Corso di Porta Vigentina up to the Gardens of Via della Guastalla, Viale Beatrice d'Este-Viale Filippetti (corner Via Cassolo) and Corso Italia to Piazza Missori. The Quadronno in Milan is full of luxurious condominiums by historical '50 designers that make this area special, where you can find almost anything you want in an exclusive and exciting area.


title: Quadronno District

text: Quadronno took its name from the ancient Quadronno denomination which dates back to the times of ancient Rome and is considered the oldest Contrada in Milan. Mediolanum was founded by Celtic. It was captured by the Romans in 222 BC. Milan became very successful under the Roman Empire.


title: Quadronno District

text: The name derives from a luxuriant blue river called Codrono present at the side of the Basilica of San Celso in Corso Italia 37, which was a Romanesque temple dating back to 840, of which more than thirty percent is still present. The remaining part was rebuilt in 1822, however, reproducing the original forms. The name "Quadronno" is present in two documents dated 1170 and 1182 preserved in the Abbey of Chiaravalle, where it takes the names of Cadronno, Cadrionno, Calletrono and Calledrono or Cadelono.


title: Quadronno District

text: The neighborhood was frequented by Leonardo da Vinci and Princess Beatrice d'Este, who strolled under the centuries-old trees of Viale Beatrice d'Este, and whose streets inspired several artists including the noble painter Elisabetta Keller, Giovanni Segantini, Fiorenzo Tomea and Umberto Boccioni or the poet Delio Tessa.


title: Quadronno District

text: Viale Beatrice d'Este is surrounded by the iconic historical monument of Milan, together with the Castello Sforzesco, and to which the Torre Velasca of the Quadronno district pays homage: the Spanish Walls of Milan whose perimeter has shaped the heart of the city center since 1548.


title: Quadronno District

text: In Piazza Missori there is an area with a 600 meter arcade on both sides of the street with the luxury shops of the time of Ancient Rome, about 1600 years ago. It was the Mediolanum of 300 AD. For this reason, the nobility of Milan has always chosen to live in this area.


title: Quadronno District

text: Emperor Gratian in 381 AD he wanted to establish his residence at the Crocetta because he considered it the most prestigious area of the entire Roman Empire which was joined by Bishop Ambrose who decided to build the four basilicas.


title: Quadronno District

text: In 386 Ambrogio had the Basilica of San Nazaro in Brolo (Basilica Apostolorum) dedicated to the Apostles and considered the most important church in Milan built in the center of the Imperial arcade.


title: Kenny McCormick

text: Kenneth James "Kenny" McCormick is a fictional character in the animated television series "South Park". Kenny comes from a very poor family. He is the most cosmopolitan of the four boys. The others often ask him to explain sexual terms they do not understand. Kenny's voice is hard to understand because of his parka. This is done mainly because the things he says are usually vulgar. Even though his dialog is not understood by the viewer, Stan, Kyle, and Cartman can understand him clearly.


title: Kenny McCormick

text: It was an on-going part during the earlier episodes of the series that Kenny dies in most of the episodes. His death is not permanent. He usually returned for the next episode but characters rarely talk about him having ever died. Kenny's face is always somewhat hidden by his parka or other things that can cover his face.


title: Bangladesh Pratidin

text: Bangladesh Pratidin is a daily, Bengali-language independent newspaper in Bangladesh. It was founded on 15 March 2010. Bangladesh Pratidin tops the list of highest circulated dailies in the country out of 345 newspapers published from Dhaka and elsewhere.


title: Hemp milk

text: Hemp milk is a type of plant milk. It is made by soaking hemp seeds in water and then blending it with the water and optional flavours. It is thought to be more similar to cow milk than other plant milks. It only lasts a few days compared to other milks.


title: True Jesus Church

text: The True Jesus Church is a Christian church. It was started during the early 20th century. It is an independent Church. It split from the Pentecostal movement in China. The Pentecostal movement is an evangelical movement within Christianity.


title: True Jesus Church

text: This group practices faith healing, speaking in tongues, baptism by putting a person completely under water, feet washing and the Saturday Sabbath. By 1949 they claimed 120,000 members; those members met in 700 churches.


title: True Jesus Church

text: The True Jesus Church was banned in the People's Republic of China in 1958 along with all the other Christian churches, but they were allowed to reopen in 1985. Since then, they have grown quickly and have spread across the whole country. They are strongest in Jiangsu, Hunan and Fujian provinces.


title: True Jesus Church

text: They say that daily prayer is very important, both private and public. They engage in vigorous evangelism.


title: True Jesus Church

text: Currently their churches are found in forty eight countries and six continents. Followers of the Church believe that God has only a divine nature, so they therefore reject the idea of the Trinity.


title: True Jesus Church

text: Christian holidays were often near the dates of pagan ones. This is also true for Easter, Christmas and Good Friday. The feast of Sol invictus was on the 25th of December. It was a very important holiday in Ancient Rome. Because of the pagan origins of the holidays, the True Jesus Church does not celebrate Easter and Christmas. The movement has between 1.5 and 2.5 million followers.


title: Georges Pompidou

text: Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou ( , ; 5 July 19112 April 1974) was a French politician. He was the President of the French Republic from 20 June 1969 until 2 April 1974. He was born in Cantal. He fought in World War II.


title: Georges Pompidou

text: He also was Prime Minister of France from 14 April 1962 until 10 July 1968. In 1968, he was elected president. He died of lymphoma in Paris. He is the only French president of the French Fifth Republic to die in office.


title: Mallard

text: The mallard ("Anas platyrhynchos") is the best-known and most recognizable of all ducks. It can be found throughout most of North America, Europe, Asia, New Zealand and Australia. It is the most common and widespread duck. It can be found in almost any area with a wetland habitat, even in urban areas.


title: Mallard

text: The mallard is a large and heavy looking duck. It has a body and a long and a broad bill. The male has a dark green head, a yellow bill, is mainly purple-brown on the breast and grey on the body. The female is mainly brown with an orange bill.


title: Mallard

text: It breeds in all parts of the Europe in summer and winter, wherever there are suitable wetland habitats. It is scarcer in upland areas.


title: Freiburg im Breisgau

text: Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's controversial comments, which included questioning the size of the Holocaust, have sparked questions about Freiburg's partnership with Isfahan. After the comments Freiburg's mayor postponed a trip to Isfahan, but most people involved, especially those in the Alliance '90/The Greens party, were opposed to cancelling the partnership.


title: Evo Morales

text: Juan Evo Morales Aima (born October 26, 1959) was the President of Bolivia from 2006 through 2019. He is an Aymara Native American, and is politically a leftist. He is the founder and leader of the Movement toward Socialism (or MAS) political party. "Movimiento al Socialismo" is its Spanish name.


title: Evo Morales

text: On January 22, 2006, he became President of Bolivia. His party has declared that he is the first indigenous person to be president of Bolivia. Not everyone believes this to be true because of his mestizo heritage and similar backgrounds of several past Bolivian presidents. Nonetheless, he is likely the first "culturally" indigenous president of Bolivia.


title: Evo Morales

text: Born in Oruro, Morales was a leader in a union of coca growers. Morales has said he does not like United States policy toward Latin America, criticizing the country's past failures to stand up for democracy, trade agreements which he feels have not helped Bolivia, and especially for the US's anti-drug policies. Coca is a component in cocaine, but is also an important part of Bolivian culture. Morales became well known for this, and he was elected to Congress.


title: Evo Morales

text: Even though he was forced out of Congress in 2002, he became a very popular person in Bolivia, and won the country's presidential election in 2005. As president, he focused on economic changes that moved the country toward a more socialist economy, instead of a capitalist one. He also worked with other leaders in South America like Rafael Correa and Nestor Kirchner. Morales has been a popular president, and has been reelected in 2009 and 2014. During this time he has criticized both George W. Bush and Barack Obama and has had arguments with the United States.


title: Evo Morales

text: In 2016, Morales wanted to pass a Constitutional amendment that would allow him to run for another term in 2019. Many people in Bolivia saw this as a power grab, and the amendment lost the election.


title: Evo Morales

text: On 20 October 2019 Morales won 47.1% of the vote in the first round of the 2019 Bolivian general election. The results were immediately challenged and led to widespread protests. On 9 November 2019 the Organization of American States published a preliminary report that there were "clear manipulations". The police joined the protests against Morales and on 10 November the military forced him to resign.


title: Valentina Tereshkova

text: She was the first woman to fly in space, aboard Vostok 6 (one of Vostok rocket) on 16 June 1963. She and four others were chosen out of more than 400 other women to fly in space.


title: Groningen (city)

text: Groningen is a city in the north of the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of Groningen. It has about 233,000 inhabitants (2021) and a university, called the University of Groningen.


title: Palma de Mallorca

text: Palma de Mallorca is the capital of the Balearic Islands and the Mallorca island, in the Mediterranean Sea, in front of the Iberian Peninsula. The city, with a population of 410,000, is the ninth-largest of Spain. It is a very important tourist center in the world, and is famous for its historic architecture. It has one university, a subway, and the international airport lies just southwest of the city.


title: Christiaan Huygens

text: Christiaan Huygens () (April 14, 1629–July 8, 1695) was a Dutch physicist, mathematician and astronomer, born in The Hague. He was known for his idea that light was in the form of waves. He discovered Saturn's largest moon Titan in 1655. He also did detailed studies on Saturn's rings, and in 1656, he discovered that they are made up of rocks. He also studies optics and pendulum clock.


title: Rondônia

text: Rondônia is a state in Brazil. It is in the northwest of the country. To the west is the state of Acre. To the north is the state of Amazonas. In the east is Mato Grosso. In the south is Bolivia. Its capital is Porto Velho. The state was named after Candido Rondon.


title: Rondônia

text: The state is covered mostly by jungle of the Amazon Rainforest. About three-fifths of the state has had the jungle removed since the 1970s. Most of the people living in the state now live in urban areas. It is a big exporter of wood. The state also makes both coffee and cocoa. The breeding of cattle is also important here.


title: Rondônia

text: The flag was made by Silvio Carvalho Feitosa. It was made the flag of the state on December 22, 1981. The flag uses the same colors of the flag of Brazil. The big star in the middle of the flag is a symbol for the new state. The star is shown rising into the blue sky that is stretching over Brazil (the yellow and green areas in the lower half of the flag).


title: Rondônia

text: The Akuntsu tribe is one of the tribes of Rondônia. They are one of the indigenous peoples of Brazil. They were first contacted in only 1995. At that time, there were only seven people in the tribe. As of 2006, there were six people. They live in the Igarape Omere region to the southwest of Rondônia. The tribe consists of chief Kunibu Baba (male, age: ~ 70), Pupak (male, age: ~ 40), Ururu (female, age:~80) and three women with ages from 23-35. The seventh member of the tribe died in 1995. The only child born after that died in 2000 in a storm. With his death the only hope of the tribe not becoming extinct lessened.


title: Agrigento

text: Agrigento () is a city in the region of Sicily in southern Italy. It is also the capital of the "Province of Agrigento". There are many relics there from the ancient Greeks and the Roman empire.


title: Pas-de-Calais

text: Pas-de-Calais (Picard: "Pas-Calés"; Dutch: "Nauw van Kales") is a department found in the north of France in the Hauts-de-France region. Its prefecture is Arras. Its population is about 1,456,000 (2006 estimation). It is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French Revolution.


title: Zapopan

text: Zapopan () is a city and municipality in Jalisco, Mexico. It is part of the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area.


title: Monza

text: Monza is a city in the region of Lombardy. In 2009 it will become the capital of the "Province of Monza and Brianza". About 120,000 people live in Monza. This makes it the third largest city in Lombardy.


title: Temuco

text: The actual Temuco was founded by Manuel Recabarren naming the place like "Fuerte Recabarren"("Fort Recabarren") during the Occupation of the Araucania on 1881.


title: Darius the Great

text: Darius the Great (c. 549 BC– 486/485 BC) was the son of Hystaspes and Persian Shah of Iran from 522 BC to 485 BC. After Darius became Shah of Persia, he divided the Persian Empire into twenty provinces, and appointed a governor for each province. He introduced golden coins and developed commerce within the empire and trade without. He tried to conquer the Greeks in the first Greco–Persian war but lost at the Battle of Marathon.


title: Pine marten

text: The pine marten ("Martes martes") is an animal native to Northern Europe. Alternative names (less often used) are European pine marten, baum marten, sweet marten.It belongs in the mustelid family, which also includes mink, otter, badger, wolverine, and weasel.


title: Darius the Great

text: Darius allowed the Jews to rebuild the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem. He also built many temples in Egypt. He crowned himself as the "Pharaoh of Egypt". The largest building that was built by Darius, is the new capital of Persepolis, near Pasargadae. Darius died in Persepolis. His tomb was cut into a rock face near Persepolis. After his death, Xerxes became the Shah of Iran.


title: Pine marten

text: Martens are small predators which also eat berries, birds' eggs, nuts, and honey. They move on the ground and in trees. Their natural habitat is in pine forests. Their main enemies are said to be the gamekeepers on highland estates. In the United Kingdom, pine martens and their dens have protection under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and the Environmental Protection Act 1990.


title: Grebe

text: Most grebes are a medium or large size. Some grebes, such as the Little Grebe are smaller. All Grebes have large feet with lobed toes. This means that each toe is separate on the foot (the opposite of this is webbed feet which is seen in ducks and geese). Some grebes find it difficult to walk on land because their feet are so big. They are much better at swimming and diving in water.


title: Aomori Prefecture

text: Aomori Prefecture is the northernmost prefecture on Honshū. The prefecture faces Hokkaidō across the Tsugaru Strait. It shares its southern border with Akita Prefecture and Iwate Prefecture.


title: Kherson Oblast

text: During 2022, Russia made an invasion of much of Kherson Oblast (see 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine); Ukraine lost control of the city of Kherson, from March to November 2022, because of the Battle of Kherson ended on March 2. On November 11, 2022, Ukraine again took control of the city of Kherson. As of December 2022, Russia was still in control of large parts (of Kherson Oblast) on the East side of the Dniepr river.


title: Grebe

text: Grebes have narrow wings. Some grebes find it difficult to fly. There are two species of grebe that cannot fly at all. This means that if grebes are in danger, they will dive under water instead of flying away like other birds do.


title: Grebe

text: Grebes can have long or short bills. If they eat insects in the water, they will have a short bills. If they eat crustaceans (for example, crabs) they will have a long, sharp bill.


title: Grebe

text: Most grebes are brown, white and red/orange. They have many, waterproof feathers. This means they can easily float on water and dive into water without getting cold or wet. In spring and summer, grebes have orange crests on their heads. This is so they can attract a mate. Some grebes do a mating ritual. This is when they "dance" in the water.


title: Grebe

text: Grebes make their nest from plants found in the water. The nests float on top of the water. Baby grebes can swim when they are born. They are usually brown and white and do not get their orange crests until they are adults.


title: Grebe

text: Grebes live in freshwater (lakes or rivers). Some species of grebe will go to saltwater (sea/ocean) when they are migrating. This is when birds fly to live in a different place in summer or winter. Grebes only migrate if they live in North America, Europe or Asia. Grebes in South America, Africa and Asia do not migrate. They are found in every continent on earth.


title: Masovian Voivodeship

text: Masovian Voivodeship is one of the 16 Voivodeships of Poland. It can be found in the east-central part of Poland. It is mostly in the historical land Masovia. The capital of the Voivodeship is Warsaw.


title: Évariste Galois

text: Évariste Galois (25 October 1811 – 31 May 1832) was a French mathematician. He died from a gunshot wound he received in a duel. Today, he is known for his theory about algebraic equations which is known as Galois theory.


title: Horse fly

text: A horse fly is a type of insect and a member of the family Tabanidae (order Diptera). More specifically they are any member of the genus "Tabanus". These stout flies are as small as a housefly or as large as a bumblebee. Their metallic or iridescent eyes meet dorsally in the male and are separate in the female. Gad-fly, a nickname, may refer either to the fly’s roving habits or to its mouthparts, which resemble a wedge-shaped miner’s tool.


title: Horse fly

text: The bites of the female fly often carry parasites onto the victim (such as a horse). The resulting sore can be extremely distressing to the animal.


title: Sámi languages

text: The Sámi languages are a branch of Uralic languages spoken by the Sámi people. They are spoken in Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia. They are related to the Finnish, the Estonian, and the Hungarian language.


title: Joachim Gauck

text: Joachim Gauck (24 January 1940) is a German politician and former Lutheran pastor. From 2012 to 2017, Gauck was the eleventh President of Germany after the Second World War. Gauck was elected with 991 votes of 1,232 voting people.


title: Sámi languages

text: "The Sámi languages ... are sometimes considered dialects of one language", says Encyclopædia Britannica; those who speak one Sámi language, [mostly] do not understand other Sami languages; "[t]he Sámi languages share many features (or things,) with the Baltic-Finnic languages (Finnish, Estonian, Karelian, etc.)," but "they cannot be closely related to any of these"... "[T]heir grammars are similar to that of Finnish, although their syntax has been influenced by the Scandinavian languages."


title: Ebro

text: Ebro is a Spanish river. It flows through Reinosa, Miranda de Ebro, Logrono, Tudela, Zaragoza, and Tortosa. It empties into the Mediterranean Sea in the province of Tarragona.


title: Hydra (constellation)

text: Hydra is a constellation that has parts in the northern sky and parts in the southern sky. It is the biggest constellation. It represents a water snake. The astronomer named Ptolemy listed Hydra when he made a list of 48 constellations. It is also one of the 88 modern constellations that were made by the International Astronomical Union.


title: University of Tübingen

text: The University of Tübingen, officially the Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen (; ), is a public university in the city of Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.


title: Azawad

text: Azawad is the name for the northern part of Mali. The name translates to Savannah. The region is mostly desert-like. Between 2012 and 2013 it was independent from Mali. It is split into the regions Timbuktu, Gao, and Kidal. The territory has a size of about . The biggest cities are Gao with about 87.000 people, and Timbuktu with about 55.000.


title: Hydra (constellation)

text: Even though Hydra is a very big constellation, it only has one bright star. This star is named Alphard. Alphard means "the solitary one" in Arabic. Hydra actually has little to identify it exept for a cluster of stars at its head.


title: University of Tübingen

text: The University of Tübingen was founded in 1477. In Germany, Tübingen became known as one of the "five classical university towns".


title: University of Tübingen

text: In 2010, Tübingen joined the Matariki Network of Universities (MNU) together with Dartmouth College (USA), Durham University (UK), Queen’s University (Canada), University of Otago (New Zealand), University of Western Australia (Australia) and Uppsala University (Sweden).


title: University of Tübingen

text: In 2012, the university established the Tübingen Center for Korean Studies at Korea University (TUCKU). This is Tübingen’s third branch in Asia after the Center for Japanese Language in Kyôto and the European Center for Chinese Studies (ECCS) at Peking University.


title: University of Tübingen

text: Alumni include former German President Horst Köhler and Nobel laureates Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Hartmut Michel and Günter Blobel.


title: University of Tübingen

text: In the 18th century, Friedrich Hölderlin, Friedrich Schelling and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel shared student rooms.


title: Adyghe language

text: The Adyghe language is one of the two main languages of the Republic of Adygea in the Russian Federation. It is spoken by many tribes of the Adyghe people. The language is called by its speakers ""Adygebze"" or ""Adəgăbză"", and can also be spelled in English as "Adygean", "Adygeyan" or "Adygei". It is also called "Circassian".


title: Gunma Prefecture

text: Gunma shares northern borders with Niigata Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture. The prefecture's eastern border is shared with Tochigi Prefecture. To the west lies Nagano Prefecture. Saitama Prefecture is south of the prefecture.


title: Grodno

text: Grodno or Hrodna is a city in the west of Belarus, Europe. It is on the Neman River, close to the borders of Poland and Lithuania. It is the capital of Grodno Region. About 365 thousand people live in the city.


title: Monoceros

text: Monoceros () is a constellation on the celestial equator. Its name is Greek for unicorn. It was described by 17th-century Dutch cartographer Petrus Plancius. Orion is to the west of Monceros. Gemini is to the north. Canis Major is to the south. Hydra is to the east. Other constellations next to Monoceros are Canis Minor, Lepus and Puppis.


title: Gomel

text: Gomel (also Homiel, Homel) is the administrative center of Gomel Voblast. It is the second-largest city in Belarus. It has a population of 482,652 (2009 census). Gomel is in the southeastern part of the country, on the right bank of Sozh river. It is to the South-East from Minsk, to the East from Brest, to the South from Mogilev, to the West from Bryansk and to the North from Chernihiv. The city's area is 121 km.


title: Derek Walcott

text: Derek Alton Walcott, OBE OCC (23 January 1930 – 17 March 2017) was a Saint Lucian poet and playwright. He was awarded the 1992 Nobel Prize in Literature. He served as Professor of poetry at the University of Essex until his death in 2017.


title: Makalu

text: Makalu is the fifth tallest mountain of the world. It's height is above sea level. It's shape is like a pyramid with four sides. It is located in the border of Nepal and China.


title: Monoceros

text: Monoceros is hard to see with the naked eye. Its brightest star, Alpha Monocerotis, has a visual magnitude of 3.93. It is brighter than Gamma Monocerotis at 3.98.


title: Derek Walcott

text: His works include the Homeric epic poem, "Omeros" (1990). In besides to having won the Nobel, Walcott has won many literary awards over the course of his career including an Obie Award in 1971 for his play "Dream on Monkey Mountain", a MacArthur Foundation "genius" award, a Royal Society of Literature Award, the Queen's Medal for Poetry, and the 2011 T. S. Eliot Prize for his book of poetry, "White Egrets".


title: Monoceros

text: Monoceros does have some interesting features to look at with a small telescope. Beta Monocerotis is a triple star system. The three stars form a triangle which looks to be in one spot. William Herschel commented that it is "one of the most beautiful sights in the heavens".


title: Monoceros

text: Monoceros also has Plaskett's Star. It is a big binary system. Its whole mass is said to be that of almost 100 Suns put together.


title: Francesco Cossiga

text: Francesco Cossiga (26 July 1928 – 17 August 2010) was an Italian politician. He was the 8th President of Italy, serving from July 1985 to April 1992. He was the 42nd Prime Minister of Italy, serving from August 1979 to 1980.


title: Pope Gregory XVI

text: Pope Gregory XVI (, ; 18 September 1765 – 1 June 1846), born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 255th Pope from 1831 to 1846.


title: Francesco Cossiga

text: Cossiga was born in Sassari, Sardinia. He died on 17 August 2010 in Rome, Italy from a respiratory infection, aged 82.


title: Pope Gregory XVI

text: Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari was born in 1765 in Belluno, which was part of then in the Republic of Venice.


title: El Escorial

text: El Escorial is a famous royal site in Spain. It was built in the late 1500s. El Escorial is a monastery, a royal palace, a museum and a school. It is located about northwest of the Spanish capital, Madrid, in the town of San Lorenzo de El Escorial. Five miles from the main building is a hunting lodge called Granjilla de La Fresneda, which is also part of the Escorial.


title: 1984 Summer Olympics

text: The 1984 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad, were held in Los Angeles, United States from July 28 to August 12.


title: El Escorial

text: The building was designed by the architect Juan Bautista de Toledo to the plans of King Philip II. El Escorial is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is a very popular tourist attraction.


title: Flemish Brabant

text: Flemish Brabant (, , ) is the youngest and smallest province of the Flemish Region, one of the three regions of Belgium. It covers the Dutch-speaking northern part of the former province of Brabant. Flemish Brabant also completely surrounds the Brussels-Capital Region, which forms an enclave within the territory of the province.


title: Prunus

text: Prunus is a genus of plants in the family Rosaceae. It includes plums, peaches, almonds, apricots and cherries.


title: Amasya

text: Amasya is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in the Amasya Province and is in the mountains near the Black Sea coast. In 2013, 134,434 people lived there.


title: Flemish Brabant

text: Its capital, and also the largest city of the province, is the university city of Leuven (, often used in English).


title: Flemish Brabant

text: "Flemish" in "Flemish Brabant" means that it is in the Flemish part of the former province of Brabant of Belgium. "Brabant" was an old region, the Duchy of Brabant. The word "Brabant" appears for the first time in the seventh century when the abbey of Nivelles was founded in the "pagus Bracbatensis" ("pagus" is a Latin word meaning a very small town, with only few houses).


title: Flemish Brabant

text: Flemish Brabant was created in 1995 by the splitting of the former province of Brabant into three parts: two new provinces, Flemish Brabant and Walloon Brabant; and the Brussels-Capital Region, which no longer belongs to any province. The split was made to accommodate the eventual division of Belgium in three regions (Flanders, Wallonia and the Brussels-Capital Region).


title: Flemish Brabant

text: The province borders on (clockwise from the North) the Belgian provinces of Antwerp, Limburg, Liège, Walloon Brabant, Hainaut and East Flanders.


title: Flemish Brabant

text: The province has an area of ; it is about long (east-west direction) and about wide (north-south direction).


title: Flemish Brabant

text: The province is divided into two districts ("arrondissements" in French and "arrondissementen" in Dutch) with 65 municipalities.


title: Flemish Brabant

text: The province of Flemish Brabant is divided into two districts: Halle-Vilvoorde has Brussels in its middle and, therefore, is mainly a residential area, but it also has large industrial zones; the other district is Leuven, centered on the city of Leuven.


title: Senegal River

text: The Senegal River is a river in West Africa. It is 1,800 km long and is the border between Senegal and Mauritania. Pliny the Elder called it "Bambotus" (from a word meaning "hippopotamus") and Claudius Ptolemy called it "Nias". Hanno the Carthaginian went to the river in about 450 BC when he was going from Carthage to Mount Cameroon in the Gulf of Guinea. Carthage was destroyed in 146 BC, but before that time there was probably trade from here to the Mediterranean Sea.


title: University of Tokyo

text: The modern university was established in 1877. It merged older government schools for medicine and Western learning.


title: Gagra

text: Gagra (Abkhaz and ; ) is a town in Abkhazia. It covers an area of about 5 kilometres. It is located on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea, at the base of the Caucasus Mountains. The moderate climate makes it a popular tourist resort.


title: Shkodër

text: Shkodër is a city in northwestern Albania. It is the capital of Shkodër District. It is one of the oldest towns in Albania. There are about 74,876 people in the city. It is near the Lake of Shkodër.


title: Senegal River

text: The Semefé River and Bafing River meet in Bafoulabé and this forms the Senegal River. The Semefé and Bafing rivers' sources are in Guinea. The Bafing River flows through Mali and the Semefé is the Mali-Senegal border.


title: University of Tokyo

text: The University of Tokyo has 10 faculties (schools for undergraduate students) and 15 graduate schools.


title: Gagra

text: Gagra is the centre of the Gagra District. It is located in the western part of Abkhazia. The river Psou serves as a border with Krasnodar Kray of Russia.


title: Shkodër

text: Luigj Gurakuqi University of Shkodër is in the city. It is an important school in Albania. Shkodër is also the home of Loro-Boriçi Stadium, the second biggest stadium in Albania. The majority of the population is Catholic.


title: Senegal River

text: Near the river's mouth, the Senegal goes through Biffeche and there is an island in the river. The city of Saint-Louis is on this island. The river then turns south. There is a thin line of sand and this separates the river from the Atlantic Ocean. The line of sand is called the Langue de Barbarie. After this, the river enters the Atlantic Ocean. The river has two large dams: the Manantali Dam in Mali, and the Maka-Diama Dam on the Mauritania-Senegal border, near the sea. The Manantali Dam makes a reservoir. The Maka-Diama Dam stops salt water going deep into the countryside.


title: Gagra

text: Gagra was established as a Greek colony. During the rule of the Kingdom of Colchis, they called it "Triglite".


title: Senegal River

text: The Senegal River takes its water from 483,181 km² of land. About 8 000 000 km³ of water goes along the river every year. The Faleme River, Karakoro River, and Gorgol River join the Senegal River.


title: Gagra

text: In the time of the Roman Empire the town was renamed to "Nitica". Because of its geographical and commercial importance, it was attacked repeatedly by the Goths. The Romans did not neglect it, however. They fortified it well. After the Romans, the Byzantine Empire took control of all of Colchis, including "Nitica". It became a major trading center for merchants from Venice and Genoa. The name "Gagra" appeared for the first time on a map in 1308. This was on a map of the Caucasus made by the Italian Pietro Visconti. This map is now in the Library of Saint Mark in Venice.


title: Senegal River

text: In 1972, Mali, Mauritania and Senegal made the Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal (OMVS). This organisation manages the land around the river. Guinea joined this organisation in 2005.


title: Gagra

text: In the 16th century, Gagra was a part of Georgia. It was invaded by the Ottoman Empire. Because of poverty and disease, most of its people had left. After Russia's victory over the Ottomans in 1878, Russia rebuilt the town.


title: Gagra

text: In 1919, Vladimir Lenin established a "worker's resort" in Gagra. He nationalised the resort that had been built by Oldenburg. Then Gagra became a popular holiday resort for Soviet citizens. During World War II, it gained a new role as a site for the rehabilitation of wounded soldiers. After the war, various state-run sanatoriums were built there. The resort grew and was developed quickly as part of the "Soviet Riviera".


title: Gagra

text: In the late 1980s, tensions grew between the Georgian and Abkhazian communities in the region. War started between 1992 and 1993. It ended in a defeat of the Georgian government's forces. Hundreds of thousands of ethnic Georgians were forced to leave their homes in Abkhazia. This was part of a mass ethnic cleansing, in which thousands of Georgian civilians were massacred. Gagra and the Abkhazian capital Sukhumi were at the centre of the fighting and suffered heavy damage.


title: Magnolia (tree)

text: The Angiosperm taxonomical names "Magnoliophyta" (division) and "Magnoliopsida" (class) come from this genus. Charles Plumier gave a flowering tree from the island of Martinique the genus name "Magnolia", after French botanist Pier Magnol.


title: Paris Commune

text: The Paris Commune (, ) was a revolutionary government that took power in Paris, the capital of France, from 18 March to 28 May 1871.


title: Magnolia (tree)

text: "Magnolia" is an ancient genus. It appeared before bees evolved. The flowers are thought to have evolved by encouraging pollination by beetles.


title: Paris Commune

text: On 2 September 1870, France was defeated in the Battle of Sedan during the Franco-Prussian War, and Napoleon III was captured. When the news reached Paris, angry people came out into the streets. Empress Eugénie fled Paris and the government of the Second Empire collapsed.


title: Paris Commune

text: Republicans of the National Assembly created the French Third Republic, and formed a Government of National Defence to continue the war.


title: Red junglefowl

text: The red junglefowl ("Gallus gallus") is a tropical member of the family Phasianidae. They are the ancestors of all our domestic chickens. They were first domesticated in Asia, where they are native. Some of the less specialized domestics, such as the brown leghorns, keep color patterns similar to that of their wild ancestors. The males are about two pounds (1kg) in weight.


title: Luke the Evangelist

text: Luke the Evangelist is said to be the man who wrote the Gospel of Luke and Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. Irenaeus, Eusebius of Caesarea and Jerome say that he was a friend of Saint Paul and a doctor, and that he accompanied Paul on some of his travels. These people also say that he was of Greek origin, from Antioch in Syria.


title: Jessica Lange

text: Jessica Lange (born April 20, 1949) is an American actress. She was born in Cloquet, Minnesota. Her most notable performances happened in the movies "King Kong" (her first movie role), "The Postman Always Rings Twice", "Tootsie", "Music Box", "Rob Roy", and "Frances" (a movie about Frances Farmer). She starred in many other movies. During her career, she has gotten several awards.


title: Red junglefowl

text: Red junglefowl regularly bathe in dust to keep just the right balance of oil in their plumage. The dust absorbs extra oil and it subsequently falls off.


title: Luke the Evangelist

text: Modern-day scholars think that the person that wrote the two books was not the same that accompanied Paul. Paul had a theology that was special, and slightly different from that of other writers of the New Testament. The two books written by Luke never refer to this theology. Also, the name of Paul's companion is never linked to writing the two books. The Acts of the Apostles often tell things about Paul which Paul does not tell himself in his letters.


title: Luke the Evangelist

text: Luke wrote about the Three Wise Men who visited Jesus in the Bible. Luke never said there were 3 wise men, only wise men from the east.


title: Anna Politkovskaya

text: Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaya (; 30 August 1958 — 7 October 2006) was a Russian journalist. Anna Politkovskaya wrote for the newspaper "Novaya Gazeta". She was born in the New York City, United States. Her parents were diplomats and her mother was Ukrainian. Her birth name was Anna Stepanovna Mazepa (Russian:"Анна Степановна Мазепа").


title: Boris Nemtsov

text: Boris Yefimovich Nemtsov ( ; 9 October 195927 February 2015) was a Russian scientist, statesman and liberal politician. He had a successful political career during the 1990s under President Boris Yeltsin. Since 2000 had been an outspoken critic of Vladimir Putin. He was shot and killed in February 2015 for his pro-democracy views on Russia, probably by loyalists of Vladimir Putin, on a bridge near the Kremlin and Red Square in Moscow.


title: Yazidis

text: The Yazidi (also Yezidi) are a ethnoreligious group with Indo-Iranian peoples roots, originally from Yazd province. They are a separate branch of the Abrahamic religion tree. Their religion blends monotheism with Zoroastrianism and the religions of ancient Mesopotamia. Infant boy circumcision and Infant baptism are practised.


title: Anna Politkovskaya

text: She was best known for her thoughts about the war in Chechnya, a Russian state. She was also against the leader of Russia, president Vladimir Putin. Many of her texts asked for human rights.


title: Boris Nemtsov

text: Nemtsov studied physics, and held the equivalent of a Phd in physics and mathematics, from the university of Nizhny Novgorod, which was called Gorki at the time.


title: Yazidis

text: They mostly live in the Nineveh Province of northern Iraq. In Lalish, they have there old Yazidi Temple. More people are in Transcaucasia, Armenia, Turkey, and Syria. They have been fewer since the 1990s. Their religion is Yazidism. The Yazidis believe in a single god who created the world. They believe that he placed the world under the care of seven holy beings or angels. The main angel is Melek Taus, the peacock angel.


title: Anna Politkovskaya

text: In 2007 her set of memoirs "A Russian Diary: A Journalist's Final Account of Life, Corruption, and Death in Putin's Russia" was published in English.


title: Yazidis

text: The Yazidis got worldwide attention in 2014. They face religious persecution and expulsion from their ancient home in Iraq by the jihadist Islamic State (ISIL).


title: Anna Politkovskaya

text: On 7 October 2006, she was shot dead at her house in Moscow. It is possible she was murdered for political reasons. Some Western countries have asked for a thorough investigation of her death. They see it as an attempt to end opposition to the current Russian regime, as perhaps one of the last chances to save the freedom of the press in Russia. The "Noyava Gazeta" has put up a reward for information that can explain why she was killed.


title: Montserrat Caballé

text: Montserrat Caballé (12 April 1933 – 6 October 2018) was a Spanish (Catalan) operatic soprano. She was one of the greatest opera singers of the 20th century. She sang a wide variety of roles. She was particularly associated with the bel canto repertoire in which she was considered one of the finest modern examples. She had a voice of great range.


title: 66 (number)

text: Sixty-six is a number. It comes between sixty-five and sixty-seven, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 22, 33, and 66. In numerical form, it is "66".


title: Pedro Almodóvar

text: Pedro Almodóvar Caballero (born 25 September 1949) is a Spanish movie director, producer and screenwriter. His movies include: "All About My Mother" and "Talk to Her".


title: Ghazni

text: Ghazni (Persian/Pashto: غزنی - "Ġaznī"; historically known as غزنین / "Ġaznīn" and غزنه / "Ġazna") is a city in central-east Afghanistan. It is the capital of Ghazni Province.


title: 82 (number)

text: Eighty-two is a number. It comes between eighty-one and eighty-three, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 41, and 82.


title: Montserrat Caballé

text: Caballé was born in Barcelona, Spain. She studied at the Music Conservatory there and graduated in 1954 with a gold medal. She began her professional career in Basel in 1956 as Mimi in "La bohème". She then joined the Bremen Opera. She sang from 1959 to 1962 in a wide variety of roles.


title: Ghazni

text: Ghazni City is located in an area of extreme drought. In 2007, one of the gates on a fifty-year-old dam on the Jikhai River broke. This worried the people of Ghazni city about the water supply. The dam serves as a good source of irrigation water to Ghazni City and the surrounding agricultural areas. Nearby rivers have a history of flooding and causing severe damage and death, though efforts have begun to fix this.


title: Montserrat Caballé

text: International recognition came in 1965, when she appeared in a concert performance of Donizetti's "Lucrezia Borgia" at Carnegie Hall in New York City as a replacement for an indisposed Marilyn Horne. The performance won her great acclaim from the public and critics alike, and it made her an overnight sensation. Her success led to her first performance at the Metropolitan Opera that same year as Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust".


title: Montserrat Caballé

text: She was later invited to sing at most of the major opera houses and festivals of the world. She was especially admired in works by composers such as Rossini, Donizetti, Bellini and Verdi. She revived a number of long-neglected works by these composers.


title: Montserrat Caballé

text: In 1987, she duetted with Queen frontman Freddie Mercury for the hit single "Barcelona". That single became a hit again in 1992 during the Olympics that were being held there.


title: Dominican Order

text: The Order of Preachers (Latin:"Ordo Praedicatorum", "OP") is a Roman Catholic religious order. Its members follow the rules Saint Dominic gave them in the 13th century. After the 15th century they are commonly known as Dominicans.


title: Boethius

text: Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, commonly called Boethius (; also Boetius ; 477 – 524 AD), was a Roman philosopher. He was from the important Roman Anicia family, which included the Roman Emperors Petronius Maximus and Olybrius. In 510 Boethius became consul in the kingdom of the Ostrogoths. He was put in prison and later executed, by King Theodoric the Great, who thought he was secretly working with the Byzantine Empire. In prison, Boethius wrote the Latin philosophy book Consolation of Philosophy. In the Middle Ages, it was a famous and important book.


title: Radiology

text: Radiology is a field of medicine that uses medical imaging methods to detect and treat diseases. Examples include ultrasound, X-rays, Computed tomography, Positron emission tomography and Magnetic resonance imaging.


title: Vicuña

text: The vicuña ("Vicugna vicugna") is one of two wild South American camelids. The vicuña is the smallest of the camelids. It has had an interesting relationship with humans over time.


title: Tucumán Province

text: Tucumán is the smallest of the provinces of Argentina. It is in the northwest of the country and its capital is San Miguel de Tucumán, often shortened to Tucumán.


title: Hydrography

text: Hydrography is a subject of Geography. It concerns itself with measuring the physical characteristics of waters, such as rivers, lakes and oceans. It can also be about such measurement in navigable waters, as they are necessary for the safe passage of ships and vessels.


title: Ústí nad Labem

text: Ústí nad Labem (, ) is the seventh-largest city in the Czech Republic. The area has many mountains. The city is where the Bílina and Elbe rivers join.


title: Vicuña

text: The main colour of the soft, wooly coat (hair) is ochre, light cinnamon, or reddish brown. The lower part of the body, the inside of the legs, and the underside of the head are white. On the chest, at the base of the neck, there is a 'mane' of white hairs. They can be 20-30 cm (8-12 inches) in length. The vicuña is very slender (slim). It has long neck and skinny limbs. The head is small and wedge shaped. The ears are small and triangular. The incisors (front teeth) of the vicuña are always growing. It is the only even toed-ungulate with teeth that always grow. The enamel is on only one side. This is because of the tough grasses which they eat.


title: Tucumán Province

text: The province has the nickname El Jardín de la República ("The Garden of the Republic"), as it is a highly productive agricultural area.


title: Hydrography

text: Massive hydrographical studies are usually undertaken by national or international organizations that sponsor data collection through surveys and publication of charts and descriptive materials for navigational purposes.


title: Vicuña

text: The vicuña lives in grasslands at elevations of 3,500-5,800 meters (11,700-19,300 feet) in the Andes mountains of Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile.


title: Tucumán Province

text: Tucumán has two main different geographical regions. The east is associated with the Gran Chaco flat lands, while the west presents a mixture of the Sierras of the Pampas to the south and the canyons of the Argentine Northwest to the north.


title: Hydrography

text: Hydrography's origin lies in the making of chart like drawings and notations made by individual mariners. It was usually a private property, even closely held secrets, used for commercial or military advantage.


title: Tucumán Province

text: The highest peak in the province is the "Cerro del Bolsón" near the border with the Catamarca province. It has an elevation of .


title: Tucumán Province

text: The main river of the province is the Dulce that flows through the province where is known as the "Salí" river.


title: Tucumán Province

text: San Miguel de Tucumán, with an elevation of , has a humid subtropical climate (subtype Cfa in the Köppen climate classification).


title: Tucumán Province

text: The average temperature for the year in San Miguel de Tucumán is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .


title: Tucumán Province

text: The average amount of precipitation for the year in San Miguel de Tucumán is . The month with the most precipitation on average is January with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .


title: Tucumán Province

text: The province of Tucumán has a population, in 2010, of 1,448,188; its population density is of inhabitants/km.


title: 67 (number)

text: Sixty-seven is a number. It comes between sixty-six and sixty-eight, and is an odd number. It is also a prime number.


title: Subotica

text: Subotica ( ) is a city in northern Serbia. It is in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. It is the northern most city in Serbia.


title: The Departed

text: The Departed is a 2006 American crime drama thriller movie. It is directed by Martin Scorsese and written by William Monahan. The movie stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Matt Damon, Jack Nicholson, Mark Wahlberg, Martin Sheen, Ray Winstone, Vera Farmiga, Anthony Anderson and Alec Baldwin. It was very successful, getting positive reviews and $289.8 million in the box office as well as winning four Academy Awards. It is a remake of the 2002 Hong Kong movie "Infernal Affairs".


title: Subotica

text: The Serbian language is the most employed language in daily life, but Hungarian is also used by almost one third of the population in their daily conversations. Both languages are also widely employed in commercial and official signage


title: The Departed

text: The movie is set in Boston, Massachusetts. Irish Mob boss Francis "Frank" Costello (Jack Nicholson) plants Colin Sullivan (Matt Damon) as a mole within the police force. At the same time, the police get William "Billy" Costigan (Leonardo DiCaprio) to gain access into Costello's crew. This leads to Sullivan and Costigan each trying to find the other's identity before his own cover is blown.


title: Mar del Plata

text: Mar del Plata is a city of Argentina in the Buenos Aires Province. It is found on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, about 400 km south of Buenos Aires. Mar del Plata has a population of 541,733 people. It is the 7th biggest city in Argentina.


title: Meg Ryan

text: Meg Ryan (born November 19, 1961) is an American actress. She has starred in several romantic comedies, but has also worked in other movie genres, including drama and mystery.


title: Laurel

text: The Lauraceae or laurel family is a group of flowering plants in the order Laurales. It includes the bay laurel and its closest relatives.


title: Mark Ruffalo

text: Mark Alan Ruffalo (born November 22, 1967) is an American director, screenwriter, producer, movie, television, and voice actor. He is known for his role as Hulk in the "Marvel Cinematic Universe" (2012-today). Ruffalo was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin on November 22, 1967. Ruffalo has been married to Sunrise Coigney since 2000. They have three children.


title: Berat

text: Berat is a town in south-central Albania. It is the capital of both the District of Berat and the larger County of Berat. About 71,000 people live here. Berat is on the right bank of the river Osum.


title: Laurel

text: The family has over 3000 species of flowering plants in over 50 genera worldwide. They mostly live in warm temperate and tropical regions, especially southeast Asia and South America. Most are aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs, but one or two genera such as "Sassafras" are deciduous, and "Cassytha" is a genus of parasitic vines.


title: Mark Ruffalo

text: In November 2017, Ruffalo and Senator Bernie Sanders, who Ruffalo supported in the 2016 United States presidential election, were nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for their narration of the Sanders's memoir "".


title: Tyne and Wear

text: Like all metropolitan counties, the county council was abolished in 1986, and its functions given either to the individual boroughs or shared by new joint committees of the five boroughs.


title: Leptospirosis

text: Leptospirosis (also known as Weil's disease, canicola fever, canefield fever, nanukayami fever or seven day fever) is a bacterial disease. It is caused by spirochaetes of the genus "Leptospira". This bacterium affects humans and many animals, including mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. It was first described by Adolf Weil in 1886. At the time he reported an "acute infectious disease with enlargement of spleen, jaundice and nephritis". The pathogen, "Leptospira"-genus bacteria was isolated in 1907 from a post mortem kidney slice.


title: Eredivisie

text: The Eredivisie is a football league which is the top division in the Netherlands. It was created in 1956. Before 1956, the teams competed in the Netherlands Football League Championship.


title: Mer Hayrenik

text: Mer Hajrenikh (, ; "Our Fatherland") is the national anthem of Armenia, composed by Barsegh Kanachyan and written by Mikael Nalbandian in 1861. It was first adopted in 1918 as the anthem of the First Republic of Armenia, but when the country became part of the Soviet Union, this song became banned and was instead replaced by the Armenian SSR anthem. In 1991, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, "Mer Hajrenikh" was successfully restored with minor changes to the lyrics.


title: Roger Bacon

text: Roger Bacon (c. 1214–1294) was an English philosopher and Franciscan friar who placed considerable emphasis on the study of nature through empirical methods. He is sometimes credited, mainly starting in the 19th century, as one of the earliest European advocates of the modern scientific method inspired by the works of Aristotle and later Arabic works, such as the works of Muslim scientist Alhazen.


title: Osmaniye

text: Osmaniye is a city in southern Turkey. The city is in the Mediterranean Region. In 2013, 244,195 people lived there.


title: Narcissus (mythology)

text: In classical mythology, Narcissus was a beautiful hunter from Boetia. The most popular myth about him features him falling in love with his own reflection in a pool of water, which he stared at until he died. His name is the origin of the term narcissism, which means a fixation a person has with their own appearance.


title: Pharisees

text: Pharisees were Jewish leaders who composed and enforced religious law at a certain period in Jewish history. At times, the Pharisees were a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought. After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD, Pharisaic beliefs became the foundation for Rabbinic Judaism. The term 'Judaism' today almost always refers to Rabbinic Judaism.


title: Tyne and Wear

text: Schools are now controlled by each borough. The fire brigade is one of several services run on a county-wide basis by a committee made up of members from each borough.


title: Leptospirosis

text: Leptospirosis is a relatively rare bacterial infection in humans. The infection is commonly transmitted to humans by allowing fresh water that has been contaminated by animal urine (often from rats) to come in contact with the skin, eyes or with the mucous membranes.


title: Mer Hayrenik

text: This is the original version of "Mer Hayrenik", based on the first, third, fourth, and sixth stanzas of the poem "The Song of an Italian Girl".


title: Roger Bacon

text: However, more recent studies emphasize that he was essentially a medieval thinker, with much of his "experimental" knowledge obtained from books, in the scholastic tradition. A survey of the reception of Bacon's work over centuries found that it often reflects the concerns and controversies central to the receivers.


title: Tyne and Wear

text: The people from Sunderland and the people from Newcastle did not like being joined in one county. The Royal Commission that recommended changing the county councils of England could not even find a name that the people of the two place liked. Their report just called the new county "area D".


title: Leptospirosis

text: It usually causes heart failure, kidney failure or liver failure, and most sufferers die if they are not treated urgently. The disease causes little concern, as it is quite rare


title: Roger Bacon

text: Roger Bacon was educated at Oxford University. He studied modern science, theology, and philosophy. His family was rich, which helped pay for the many experiments he conducted. After lecturing at Oxford he moved to Paris to learn and study. Bacon was one of the first people to teach about Aristotle in Paris. During his time he wrote a book named "On the Marvelous Power of art and nature". He wrote a long list of inventions he had in mind, naming steamships, telescope, eye glasses, and microscopes.


title: Leptospirosis

text: Except for tropical areas, Leptospirosis seems to occur most often in the months August to September, in the Northern Hemisphere.


title: Roger Bacon

text: He was apparently so intently concentrated in his experiments and he had an aggressive personality, he was known to be socially awkward. In 1247 he stopped teaching because of bad health and proceeded to study, experiment, and become a friar. Years later, he was sent to a monastery because of upsetting fellow friars and superiors. He was there for about 10 years, and was unable to conduct experiments and studies. He was then sponsored by Pope Clement IV, but shortly after the Pope’s death in 1278 Bacon was accused of being a “magician”. He was imprisoned in a convent in Paris for 12 years, until 1292. He died around 1294 when he was about 80 years old.


title: Fredrik Reinfeldt

text: John Fredrik Reinfeldt (born August 4, 1965) was the Prime Minister of Sweden from 2006 to 2014. He was also the leader of the Moderate Party. The Moderate Party is the largest of the four political parties in the Swedish government, but the second largest in the parliament following the Swedish Social Democratic Party and their leader Stefan Löfven.


title: Treaty of Verdun

text: The Treaty of Verdun (843) happened two generations after Charlemagne and divided his empire into three parts. When Charlemagne's son Louis the Pious died in 840, his oldest son Lothair I said that he ruled his younger brothers and their lands. But his brothers Louis the German and Charles the Bald won the Battle of Fontenay (841).


title: Poprad

text: Poprad (; , ) is a city in northern Slovakia at the bottom of the High Tatra Mountains. It is the biggest town in the Spiš region and the tenth largest city in Slovakia. As of 2016, about 52,000 people live in Poprad.


title: Giovanni Domenico Cassini

text: Giovanni Domenico Cassini, also known as "Jean-Dominique Cassini", (June 8, 1625 – September 14, 1712) was an Italian-French astronomer, engineer and astrologer. Cassini was born in Perinaldo in the Republic of Genoa (part of Italy).


title: Tendon

text: A tendon (or sinew) is a tough band of tissue that connects muscle to bone. It is built to withstand tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments except that ligaments join one bone to another. Tendons and muscles work together, roughly as follows. When muscles contract, the tendon transmits the pull to the bone.


title: Koszalin

text: Koszalin (; , ) is a city in northwestern Poland, in Western Pomerania. It is located south of the Baltic Sea coast, and the river Dzierżęcinka passes through it. The government of Koszalin County of West Pomeranian Voivodeship has been in Koszalin since 1999, and the city also had the government of the Koszalin Voivodeship from 1950 through 1998.


title: Anatolian languages

text: The Anatolian languages were a branch of Indo-European languages. They are now extinct. They were spoken in Asia Minor (ancient Anatolia) in modern-day Turkey. There are three, or maybe four, known branches.


title: Fredrik Reinfeldt

text: Reinfeldt lost his re-election to Stefan Löfven as Prime Minister. Reinfeldt also announced that he was resigning his position as leader of the Moderate Party.


title: Treaty of Verdun

text: Each of the brothers already had one kingdom - Lothair in Italy, Louis the German in Bavaria, and Charles the Bald in Aquitaine.


title: Poprad

text: The city has a historic centre, an international airport and is the starting point of the Tatranská elektrická železnica (Tatra Electric Railway) - a set of special narrow-gauge trains (trams) connecting the resorts in the High Tatra Mountains with each other and with Poprad. Main line trains link Poprad to other destinations in Slovakia and beyond, through trains run to Prague in the Czech Republic.


title: Giovanni Domenico Cassini

text: Cassini, along with Robert Hooke discovered the Great Red Spot on Jupiter in around 1665. He also discovered the four of Saturn's moons, as well as the Cassini Division in Saturn's rings.


title: Tendon

text: A tendon connects to a muscle at one end, and to bone at the other end. Each tendon has these two "insertions".


title: Tendon

text: Collagen fibres connect the muscle to the bones. A tendon inserts into bone at one end, and into the muscle at the other end.


title: Tendon

text: Tendons do not create any pulling force of their own. The tendons transfer the force of muscles pulling on the bone. Unlike elastin (another bodily tissue) tendons have very little "give".


title: Philip Pullman

text: Sir Philip Pullman (born Norwich, England, 19 October 1946) is an English writer. He is the best-selling author of "His Dark Materials", a trilogy of fantasy novels, and a number of other books. In 2008, "The Times" named Pullman in its list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".One of the greatest books to come around in the 20th century


title: Dallas Mavericks

text: The Dallas Mavericks are an American professional basketball team from Dallas, Texas. They play in the National Basketball Association (NBA). They were founded in 1980. They play their home games at the American Airlines Center. Their owner is Mark Cuban. Though they have had good teams for most of the 2000s, they only made the NBA Finals once in 2006, where they lost to the Miami Heat 4-2. Dallas Mavericks players include Dirk Nowitzki, Jason Kidd, Jason Terry, Shawn Marion, Caron Butler, and Peja Stojakovic. They won their first NBA Championship in 2011 when they beat the Miami Heat in a 4-2 series in a rematch from 2006. After the championship, the Mavericks would not make it past the first/second rounds until 2022.


title: Denver Nuggets

text: The Denver Nuggets are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in Denver, Colorado. They play their home games at Ball Arena, formerly known as Pepsi Center. Carmelo Anthony, Allen Iverson, and Nenê also used to play for them. Current stars include Nikola Jokić and Jamal Murray.


title: Kotor

text: During recent years Kotor has been visited by many tourists, who are attracted by both the beauty of the Gulf of Kotor and the old town.


title: Davenport, Iowa

text: Davenport is a city of eastern Iowa in the United States. The city is on the Mississippi River next to Moline and Rock Island, Illinois.


title: Pope Alexander II

text: Pope Alexander II (born Anselmo da Baggio; ??? − 21 April 1073) was pope of the Catholic Church from 30 September 1061 until 21 April 1073 when he died.


title: Philip Pullman

text: Pullman is a supporter of the British Humanist Association and an Honorary Associate of the National Secular Society. "New Yorker" journalist Laura Miller has described Pullman as one of England's most outspoken atheists, although Pullman describes himself as an agnostic.


title: Pope Alexander II

text: He was born Anselmo da Baggio in Milan to a noble family. In 1065, he wrote to Béranger, the Viscount of Narbonne, and to Guifred, the bishop of the city. He praised them for having prevented the massacre of the Jews in their district. He also reminded them that God does not approve of the shedding of blood. The same year, Alexander II warned Landulf VI of Benevento "that the conversion of Jews is not to be obtained by force." He also called for a crusade against the Moors in Spain in the same year.


title: Philip Pullman

text: On 15 September 2010, Pullman along with 54 other public figures signed an open letter, published in "The Guardian" newspaper, stating their opposition to Pope Benedict XVI being given "the honour of a state visit" to the UK, arguing that he has led and condoned global abuses of human rights. The letter says "The state of which the pope is head has also resisted signing many major human rights treaties and has formed its own treaties ("concordats") with many states which negatively affect the human rights of citizens of those states". Other signers included Stephen Fry, Professor Richard Dawkins, Terry Pratchett, Jonathan Miller and Ken Follet.


title: Pope Alexander II

text: He died on 21 April 1073 in Rome and was buried in St. Peter's Basilica. He was succeeded by Pope Gregory VII.


title: Hiroshige

text: , also called Hiroshige, was a Japanese artist. He was a master of the ukiyo-e style of woodblock prints and painting.


title: Fritz Lang

text: Fritz Lang (5 December 1890 – 2 August 1976) was an Austrian director, screenwriter, and movie producer. His movies include "Metropolis" and "M". He is one of the most famous German expressionist filmmakers.


title: Hussein of Jordan

text: Hussein bin Talal (, "Al-Ḥusayn ibn Ṭalāl"; 14 November 1935 – 7 February 1999) was the King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death on 7 February 1999. He died of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, aged 63.


title: Israel Defense Forces

text: The Israel Defense Forces (shortened: "IDF") () , ""Army for the Defense of Israel"", known in Israel by the Hebrew acronym צה"ל, (Tzahal), is the name of Israel's military forces. It includes the Israel Army, Israel Air Force and Israel Navy.


title: Georges Clemenceau

text: Georges Benjamin Clemenceau (September 28, 1841 – November 24, 1929) was a French statesman, physician, and journalist. He also helped Émile Zola defending Alfred Dreyfus against Dreyfus Affair.


title: Per Mertesacker

text: Per Mertesacker (born 29 September 1984 in Hanover, West Germany) is a German football player. Before that, he played for Hannover. He played for the German national team.


title: Silla

text: Silla was one of the kingdoms of ancient Korea. It existed from 57 BC to 935 and is famous as the longest sustained country in Korean history.


title: Cormorant

text: Cormorants are a family of seabirds. There are about 40 different species of Cormorants. In some areas, they are also known as shags.


title: Melvin Calvin

text: Melvin Ellis Calvin (April 8, 1911 – January 8, 1997) was an American chemist. He discovered the Calvin cycle (with Andrew Benson and James Bassham). He was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this work. Calvin spent most of his five-decade career at the University of California, Berkeley.


title: Chris Evert

text: Evert turned professional in 1972. In singles, she won the Australian Open in 1982 and 1984. She won the French Open in 1974, 1975, 1979, 1980, 1983, 1985 and 1986. She won Wimbledon in 1974, 1976 and 1981. She won the US Open in 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980 and 1982. In doubles, she won the French Open in 1974 and 1975, as well as Wimbledon in 1976. She retired in 1989.


title: South Bohemian Region

text: South Bohemia is an administrative unit ("kraj") of the Czech Republic. The capital city is České Budějovice.


title: West Kalimantan

text: West Kalimantan () is a province of Indonesia. It is one of five Indonesian provinces in Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. Its capital city is Pontianak. The province has an area of with a recorded 2010 census population of 4,395,983. The latest official population estimate (as of January 2014) is 4,546,439.


title: Fossa

text: The fossa ("Cryptoprocta ferox") is a cat-like, carnivorous mammal endemic to Madagascar. It is a member of the Eupleridae, a family of carnivorans closely related to the mongoose family (Herpestidae).


title: Silla

text: Silla was founded by King Park Hyeokgeose in 57 BC, around Gyeongju in the southeast part of the Korean peninsula. Although Silla was founded earlier than Goguryeo and Baekje which coexisted with Silla during that time, it took more time for Silla to build firm government structure than those kingdoms. However, around the 6th century, by accepting Buddhism, Silla made its royal power stronger. Around the 7th century, Silla acquired the Han river area, which was the most important area in Korean history. Finally, Silla conquered Baekje in 660 and Goguryeo in 668, with the Tang Dynasty of China as an ally.


title: Cormorant

text: Cormorants range in size from as little as 45 cm (18 in) and 340 g (12 oz) to a maximum size 100 cm (40 in) and 5 kg (11 lbs). Most cormorants, including nearly all northern hemisphere species, have mainly dark feathers. Some southern hemisphere species are black and white. A few species are very colorful. Many species have areas of colored skin on the face. These areas can be bright blue, orange, red or yellow. They usually become more brightly colored in the breeding season. The bill is long, thin, and sharply hooked. Their feet have webbing between all four toes.


title: Melvin Calvin

text: Using the carbon-14 isotope as a tracer, Calvin and colleagues mapped the complete route that carbon travels through a plant during photosynthesis. It starts with its absorption as atmospheric carbon dioxide, and ends with its conversion into carbohydrates and other organic compounds.


title: Chris Evert

text: She was engaged to Jimmy Connors in 1974. She married John Lloyd in 1979; they divorced in 1987. She married Andy Mill in 1988; they had three sons. She divorced him in 2006. She married Greg Norman in 2008; they divorced in 2009. She lives in Boca Raton, Florida.


title: South Bohemian Region

text: The Bohemian Forest is in the south-west. The region is located in the drainage basin of Vltava river. Other significant rivers are Malše, Lužnice, Otava, Nežárka and Lomnice. South Bohemia is famous for its countless ponds. Rožmberk Pond is the largest one. Much of Šumava National Park is also in the region.


title: Fossa

text: Its classification has been controversial because it looks like a cat. However, other traits suggest a close relationship with viverrids (most civets and their relatives). Its classification influenced thought about how many times mammalian carnivores had colonized Madagascar. Genetic studies now show that the fossa and all other Malagasy carnivores are closely related to each other: they are a clade, the family Eupleridae.


title: Silla

text: In the last stage of Silla, the king and noblemen indulged in extravagance, and it provoked the people to rebellion. The later three kingdom period began as Gyeon Hwon founded a new country, later Baekje, succeeding the ancient Baekje, and Gung Ye built Taebong succeeding ancient Goguryeo. Silla could not withstand their growing force, and finally surrendered to Goryeo in 935 and collapsed.


title: Cormorant

text: Cormorants breed on rocky headlands and islands as well as near inland lakes, marshes and reservoirs. The birds spend the winter on coasts, estuaries, rivers, lakes and reservoirs.


title: Melvin Calvin

text: They showed that sunlight acts on the chlorophyll in a plant to fuel the manufacture of organic compounds. Calvin was the sole recipient of the 1961 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. He wrote an autobiography three decades later titled "Following the trail of light: a scientific odyssey".


title: Fossa

text: The fossa is the largest mammalian carnivore on the island of Madagascar and has been compared to a small cougar. Adults have a head-body length of and weigh between . The males larger than the females. It has semiretractable claws and flexible ankles that allow it to climb up and down trees head-first, and they can jump from tree to tree.


title: Melvin Calvin

text: During the 1950s he was among the first members of the Society for General Systems Research. In 1963 he was given the additional title of Professor of Molecular Biology.


title: Fossa

text: The species is widespread, although population densities are usually low. It is found only in forested habitat, and hunts by day and night. Over 50% of its diet consists of lemurs, the endemic primates of the island. Tenrecs, rodents, lizards, birds, and other animals are also prey. Mating usually occurs in trees on horizontal limbs and can last for several hours. Litters range from one to six pups, which are born blind and toothless (altricial). Infants wean after 4.5 months and are independent after a year. Sexual maturity occurs around three to four years of age, and life expectancy in captivity is 20 years. The fossa is listed as "Vulnerable" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. It is generally feared by the Malagasy people and is often protected by their taboo. The greatest threat to the species is habitat destruction.


title: Giglio

text: Giglio Island (Italian: "Isola del Giglio") is an island and Italian "commune" located in the Tyrrhenian Sea, off the coast of Tuscany, part of the Province of Grosseto, and part of Tuscan Archipelago


title: Kongo language

text: Kikongo or Kongo is the Bantu language spoken by the Bakongo and Bandundu people in the tropical forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo and Angola.


title: E. M. Forster

text: Forster was born in Marylebone, London. He attended Tonbridge School, an independent school in Tonbridge, Kent. He studied at Kings College, Cambridge.


title: Uusimaa

text: Uusimaa (or "Uudenmaan maakunta") is a region in southern Finland. It is located next to Gulf of Finland. Neighbouring regions are Southwest Finland, Kanta-Häme, Päijänne Tavastia and Kymenlaakso.


title: Platanus

text: Platanus is a genus of plants, which mostly occur on the Northern Hemisphere. All of them are trees, which reach heights between and . There are eight to ten recent species of "Platanus", and at least three extinct ones.


title: Giglio

text: The island is separated by a 16 km stretch of sea from the Argentario promontory: mainly mountainous, it is almost all granite with the highest point the Poggio della Pagana (496 m). 90% of its surface is covered by Mediterranean vegetation alternating with large pine forests and numerous vineyards which enable the production of the famous "Ansonaco" wine. The coast is 27 km long, made up of rocks, of smooth cliffs and several bays: Arenella, Cannelle, Caldane and Campese, the biggest one with its little village of the same name.


title: E. M. Forster

text: Forster was a homosexual and wrote about homosexuality, class division and gender. His novels include "Where Angels Fear to Tread", "The Longest Journey", "A Room with a View", "Howards End", "A Passage to India" and "Maurice". He also wrote short stories, plays, essays, libretti and travel guides.


title: Uusimaa

text: A very large number of people in Finland live in Uusimaa. As of 31 November 2013, there were over 1,500,000. Uusimaa is only 3% of the total area of Finland.


title: Platanus

text: In English, these trees are called planes or plane trees. Some North American species are called sycamores, but this name is also used for a species of fig.


title: Giglio

text: The modern island was probably born 4.5 - 5 millions years ago, and people have lived there since the Iron Age. Later it was probably an Etruscan military stronghold. Under the Romans it was an important base in the Tyrrhenian Sea, written about, for example, by Julius Caesar in his "De Bello Gallico" and by the poet Rutilius Claudius Namatianus.


title: Platanus

text: The London plane, "Platanus" × "acerifolia", is a hybrid or a cultivar. Exactly what the parents were in uncertain. It was extensively planted on London streets before WWII, but is no longer in favour. The London plane is very tolerant of air pollution and root compaction (small space for roots). For these reasons it was a popular urban roadside tree. Now, however, it is indirectly something of a pest. Aphids in their millions suck sap from its leaves, and drop sugary liquid onto cars parked underneath. Older London streets have virtually no off-road parking.


title: Giglio

text: In 805 it was given by Charlemagne to the abbey of the Tre Fontane in Rome, and was later a possession of Aldobrandeschi, Pannocchieschi, Caetani, Orsini families and the town of Perugia. In 1241 the Sicilian fleet of Emperor Frederick II destroyed a Genoese fleet. From 1264 Giglio was a Pisane dominion, from which it passed to the Medici. It suffered several Saracen attacks, which ended only in 1799.


title: Giglio

text: Alongside its history the island was always renowned for its mineral resources: many columns and edifices in Rome were built with the Gigliese granite.


title: Giglio

text: The island has the remains of a Roman villa of Domitius Ahenobarbus (1st-2nd centuries), in the area of Giglio Porto. No traces of the Temple of Diana once existing now can be seen. The church of San Pietro Apostolo in Giglio Castello has an ivory crucifix believed to be by Giambologna


title: Giglio

text: It is also site of an Etruscan shipwreck, dating to the early Iron Age, "c." 600 BC. The cargo of the ship included copper and lead ingots, iron spits, amphorae and a Corinthian helmet. Even a wooden writing tablet with stylus was preserved. The finds are almost completely lost now.


title: Giglio

text: Isola del Giglio is connected to Tuscany by ferries starting from Porto Santo Stefano and Orbetello Scalo.


title: José Carreras

text: Josep Carreras i Coll (born 5 December 1946 in Barcelona, Spain), better known as José Carreras, is a tenor opera singer.


title: Mikhail Glinka

text: Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (1804–1857) was a Russian composer, regarded as the first to become very famous.


title: Courland

text: Courland is one of historical regions of Latvia. The regions of Semigallia and Selonia are sometimes said to be part of Courland.


title: Larry David

text: Larry David (born July 2, 1947 in Brooklyn, New York City) is an American actor and writer of Jewish descent.


title: Utqiagvik, Alaska

text: Utqiaġvik (; , ), officially the City of Utqiaġvik and known as Barrow () until 2016, is a city in Alaska. It is the northernmost city of the United States of America and one of the northernmost cities in the world. It is located on the north coast of Alaska along the Arctic Ocean and is the administrative capital of the North Slope Borough. It is about 1,300 miles or 2,100 kilometers from the North Pole. Its antipode is located in Antarctica.


title: Ingvar Kamprad

text: Feodor Ingvar Kamprad (; 30 March 1926 – 27 January 2018) was a Swedish business magnate. He was the founder of IKEA, a Swedish retail company specialising in furniture.


title: Matriarchy

text: Matriarchy is a social organization where the mother or oldest female heads a family or social group. Descent and relationships are decided through the female line.


title: The Sword in the Stone (1963 movie)

text: The Sword in the Stone is a 1963 American animated fantasy comedy movie based on T. H. White's novel of the same name and produced by Disney. It was released on December 25, 1963. It was the last movie released before Walt Disney died three years later. The novel was first published in 1938 as a single one. It was republished in 1958 as one of the four books in "The Once and Future King".


title: José Carreras

text: He was born in Sants, which is in neighborhood of Barcelona, Catalonia. His family moved to Argentina when he was very young. He started singing at the age of 6, and his first public performance happened when he was 8 years old.


title: Mikhail Glinka

text: Russia is a very large country. In the 18th century there was a lot of music in Europe, but Russian people had not yet heard it. A lot of them were very poor and modern transport did not exist. By the time Glinka was born Russian people in the large towns like Saint Petersburg were becoming very interested in European music.


title: Larry David

text: He worked as a writer on "Fridays" and "Saturday Night Live". He co-created the television series "Seinfeld". He also created and stars in his own series called "Curb Your Enthusiasm". On the series, he appears as a caricature of himself.


title: Utqiagvik, Alaska

text: Utqiagvik experiences a tundra climate with long, very cold winters and short, cool summers. Temperatures are below freezing from early October until late May. The high temperature is above freezing for only about 138 days per year, and there are temperatures at or below on an average of 145 days per year. Freezing temperatures and snowfall can happen during any month of the year.


title: The Sword in the Stone (1963 movie)

text: The movie was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Score—Adaptation or Treatment, but lost to "Irma La Douce".


title: José Carreras

text: Many years later, when he was in Paris, it turned out that he has leukemia. The long-term medications where successful and he survived from the disease. He established José Carreras International Leukaemia Foundation in Barcelona on July 14, 1988.


title: Mikhail Glinka

text: Mikhail Glinka was born in a little village called Novospasskoye. His father was a rich landowner. Glinka was brought up by his grandmother who looked after him very carefully. She was always afraid he would be cold, so she wrapped him up in a fur coat in a room which was kept at 77 °F. He was not often allowed to play in the fresh air. Later in his life Glinka was always worrying about his health.


title: Utqiagvik, Alaska

text: Because Utqiagvik is located above the Arctic Circle, there are some days when the sun never rises and some days when the sun never sets. When the sun sets on November 18 or 19, it will stay below the horizon for about 65 days, until January 22 or 23. This phenomenon is called polar night. The opposite, midnight sun, occurs during the summer. When the sun rises on May 10 or 11, it will remain above the horizon until August 1 or 2.


title: Mikhail Glinka

text: It was a long way to the big cities from where the child lived. There was no radio in those days, and no CDs. The only music he heard was the church bells, and the singing of the peasants (the simple people who worked on the land). They sang folksongs and made up harmony underneath the tunes.


title: Utqiagvik, Alaska

text: Winters are extremely cold and dry with temperatures at or below -40°F/C sometimes occurring. Summers in Utqiagvik are cool with temperatures in the high 30s and low 40s. There are on average 26 days per year above 50°F (10°C) and around 5 days above 60°F (18°C). Temperatures above 70°F are rare. The average yearly temperature in Utqiagvik is . The highest temperature recorded in Utqiagvik was on July 13, 1993 and the lowest temperature was on February 4, 1924. Utqiagvik is warming quickly due to being in the Arctic. The Arctic region is warming at rate three times the global mean.


title: Mikhail Glinka

text: After his grandmother died he was allowed to travel 6 miles to his uncle’s home. His uncle had a group of musicians who played music by European composers like Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven. He had never heard such music before.


title: Utqiagvik, Alaska

text: Smoothed data from NOAA shows that Utqiagvik has warmed by more than 11°F since 1976 with average autumn temperature warming at a staggering 18°F (10°C).


title: Mikhail Glinka

text: When he was 13 he went to school in St Petersburg. Now he could hear lots of music and meet some good musicians. He had piano lessons and spent a lot of time at parties. He started to compose some songs.


title: Utqiagvik, Alaska

text: Although Utqiagvik is in North America, it is isolated from any other city. There is no road connecting Utqiagvik and other places in Alaska, which makes it impossible to drive into or out of the city. Therefore, the only way to get there is by plane. It is also possible to get there by boat, but only during a few months in the summer as the ocean is frozen for most of the year.


title: Mikhail Glinka

text: In 1830 he went to Italy. Italy was famous for its music, especially for opera. Glinka met famous composers like Mendelssohn and Berlioz as well as Italian composers like Donizetti and Bellini. He like their music, and decided he wanted to write opera as well, but he wanted to make his music sound very Russian.


title: Mikhail Glinka

text: Glinka went back to Russia. He wrote two great operas. The first one was called "Ivan Susanin". The story of the opera, set in 1612, is about a poor peasant Ivan Susanin who dies to save the life of the Tsar (the Tsar was the ruler of Russia, like a king or emperor). The Tsar liked the opera and thought that it should be called "A Life for the Tsar". It was a big success when it was first performed in 1836.


title: Mikhail Glinka

text: He soon wrote his second opera: "Ruslan and Lyudmila". The story comes from a tale by the famous Russian poet Pushkin. The man who wrote the words for him did it very quickly while he was drunk, so the story is a bit muddled, but the music is wonderful. It is a fairy tale about a nasty dwarf Chernomor who has taken away a princess called Lyudmila. In the end Ruslan, the hero, rescues her. Some of the music sounds quite oriental. The overture that starts the opera is very famous.


title: Mikhail Glinka

text: Glinka’s music is important because he was the first Russian composer to write music that sounded Russian. Later composers like Tchaikovsky were influenced by his music.


title: Ardashir I

text: Ardashir I, founder of the Sassanid dynasty, was ruler of Istakhr (since 206?), then of an important part of Persia (since 208?), and finally "King of Kings of Persia" (since 226). The dynasty Ardashir founded would rule for four centuries until overthrown by the Rashidun Caliphate in 651.


title: Leonardo Araújo

text: Leonardo Araújo (born 5 September 1969) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.


title: Flag of North Macedonia

text: The flag of the Republic of North Macedonia () shows a stylised yellow sun on a red field, with eight broadening rays extending from the centre to the edge of the field.


title: Pantothenic acid

text: Pantothenic acid is a water-soluble vitamin, in the group of the B vitamins. It is also known as vitamin B. It is a derivative of the amino acid "beta"-Alanine.


title: France Gall

text: Isabelle Geneviève Marie Anne "France" Gall (9 October 1947 – 7 January 2018) was a French singer. She was born in Paris.


title: Haarlemmermeer

text: Haarlemmermeer is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. In 2019, 154,235 people lived there.


title: Ardashir I

text: Ardashir is also known as Ardashīr-i Pāpagān "Ardashir, son of Pāpağ", and other variants of his name include Latinized "Artaxares" and "Artaxerxes".


title: France Gall

text: Gall was known for her songs "Laisse tomber les filles", "Poupée de cire, poupée de son", and "Ella, elle l'a". She was a Eurovision Song Contest winner for the 1965 contest. Gall was married to Michel Berger, until his death.


title: Ardashir I

text: Ardashir was born in the late 2nd century in Istakhr, what is present-day Fars in Iran. At that time is was a vassal kingdom of Parthia.


title: France Gall

text: Gall died of an infection complicated from cancer of unknown primary origin at a Paris hospital in Neuilly-sur-Seine on 7 January 2018 at the age of 70.


title: Ardashir I

text: In conclict with Artabanus IV, who ordered his vassal, the ruler of Khuzestan, to confront Ardashir. It was Ardashir who emerged victorious in that battle.


title: Ardashir I

text: In 226, Artabanus IV himself invaded Fars to defeat the rebelling Ardashir. But the Parthian army was completely defeated, and Artabanus IV was killed. According to one account, Ardashir and Artabanus fought in close combat on horseback. Ardashir pretended to flee, turned around in the saddle and shot Artabanus through the heart.


title: Ardashir I

text: Ardashir I was crowned in 226 as the "Šāhān šāh Ērān" "king of kings [of] Iran" (his consort Adhur-Anahid took the title "Queen of Queens"), Ardashir finally brought the over 400 year-old Parthian Empire to an end and began four centuries of Sassanid rule.


title: Ardashir I

text: Ardashir I was an energetic king, responsible for the resurgence not just of Persia but of Iranian-speaking peoples as a unified nation, the strengthening of Zoroastrianism, and the establishment of a dynasty that would endure for four centuries. While his campaigns against Rome met with only limited success, he achieved more against them than the Parthians had done in many decades and prepared the way for the substantial successes his son and successor Shapur I would enjoy against the same enemy.


title: Atlantic herring

text: The Atlantic herring is a kind of herring, a fish. It can be found on both sides of the Atlantic. It can grow up to 45cm in length, weighing more than half a kilogram. It is a swarm fish, meaning many fish come together and form a "school" (or swarm) of fish. Swarms of up to 4 cubic kilometers in size have been measured of "atlantic herring", with an eastimated 4 billion individual fish. Like with so many other fishes though, commercial overfishing is posing a problem. Stocks of herring have been collapsing.


title: Duccio

text: Duccio di Buoninsegna ( , ; – ) was one of the most important painters in Italy in the Late Middle Ages. He worked mainly in the city of Siena in Tuscany but one of his largest works was done for a church in Florence. He is most famous for his altarpieces of the Madonna and Child. Duccio painted in the Byzantine style, similar to Greek icons.


title: Amalgam

text: An amalgam is a solution of a metal in mercury. Many metals can dissolve in mercury. Amalgams are used in tooth fillings. Platinum and iron cannot form amalgams. Gold can dissolve in mercury, which is used to separate gold from its ore. Aluminum forms an amalgam which can react with water because the thin oxide coating on the aluminum is dissolved.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: Carey Hannah Mulligan (born 28 May 1985) is an English actress who made her movie debut in the 2005 movie "Pride & Prejudice". She acted in the 2009 movie "Public Enemies", playing Carole. Carey was born in Westminster, London, England.


title: Flag of Malawi

text: The flag of Malawi was adopted on 6 July 1964. It was made when Nyasaland was made independent from Great Britain, and renamed itself Malawi.


title: Naja

text: Naja is a genus of venomous snakes, which is commonly known as true Cobras. It contains about 30 species, which can be found in Africa and Asia. The most recognizable feature of these snakes is that they can spread the upper part of their neck. Very often, it also has some coloring. These species usually feed on small mammals and birds. Note that there are some snake species which have cobra in their name, but which are not true cobras: Examples are the King cobra ("Ophiophagus hannah) or the" Rinkhals (Hemachatus haemachatus, also called ring-necked spitting cobra)


title: Bruno Alves

text: Bruno Eduardo Regufe Alves (born 27 November 1981) is a Portuguese professional footballer. He plays as a center back who plays for Italian club Parma Calcio 1913, who he captains.


title: Ousmane Dembélé

text: Masour Ousmane Dembélé (born 15 May 1997) is a French football player. He plays as a forward for Barcelona and the France national team.


title: Atlantic herring

text: The current reason for the overfishing is the need of the Omega Fatty Acid, which helps increase memory, and brain functions.


title: Duccio

text: The first written record of Duccio is dated 1278, when he was painting in Siena. His paintings, of which only a few remain, are all Holy pictures. Two of them are very large and were painted as altarpieces. Some of them are very small and were for private owners, not for churches.


title: Flag of Malawi

text: The flag is made of three colored stripes, which are red, black, and green. On the top stripe, there is a red sun, with 31 rays. The rising sun means hope and freedom for Africa . The 31 rays of the sun mean that Malawi was the 31st country to have independence. The black means the people of Africa. The red means the blood of their struggle to be free, and the green means nature.


title: Atlantic herring

text: The herrings that occurs in the Baltic Sea is much smaller. Some people consider it a distinct subspecies. They call it Baltic herring, "C. harengus membras."


title: Duccio

text: At that time, many artists painted pictures that were specially for people to look at while they were praying. The pictures are most often of the Madonna and Child. They often have gold backgrounds which glow when they are lit by candlelight. The figures in the paintings do not look very solid or realistic. They look very still, calm and holy. These paintings had been done in the same style for many hundreds of years, in Greece, Constantinople and many other countries where the Greek Orthodox Church was the main church. The style, which was called the Byzantine style, had also spread to Italy where several Orthodox icons (Holy picture), had become famous and were copied by many artists.


title: Flag of Malawi

text: A new flag of Malawi was made on July 29, 2010. The stripes were changed from the first flag to match the Pan-African Flag, with the red stripe at the top, the black stripe in middle, and the green stripe at the bottom. The sun at the top was replaced with a white sun in the middle. This sun had 45 rays, that meant the economic growth Malawi has made since being independent. The flag was approved by the President of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika, on July 29, 2010. The people of Malwai didn't want to change the flag, but the government kept going through the process of having it. The flag was nicknamed "Bingu's flag" by the peoplen who saw it as a fake flag. Many didn't like the flag, seeing it as bad for the nation.


title: Duccio

text: Duccio was one of the greatest painters in the Byzantine style in Italy at the time. He had a famous rival who worked in Florence. His name was Cimabue. One of Cimabue's pupils, Giotto, was to become even more famous, and is remembered as having begun the Renaissance style of painting in Florence. Even though Duccio probably saw Giotto's paintings, in which the figures look solid and three-dimensional, like actors on a stage, Duccio was not very influenced by him.


title: Duccio

text: Duccio had several students who also became famous painters of the 1300s. They include Simone Martini and the Lorenzetti brothers, who were also influenced by Giotto.


title: Duccio

text: In 1285 Duccio was asked to go to Florence to paint an altarpiece of the Madonna and Child for the church of Santa Maria Novella which had been rebuilt for the Dominican friars. It was a very large church and for it, Duccio painted the biggest ancient altarpiece of this type that is known. It is called the "Rucellai Madonna" because the Rucellai, who were a very rich family, paid for the decoration of the main chapel of the church, where this altarpiece was hung in the 1600s.


title: Duccio

text: Duccio painted the Madonna sitting on a throne with the Christ Child in her lap, raising his hand in blessing. Around them are six kneeling angels in robes of delicate colours. The robe of the Madonna is very dark blue and looks almost black; it is painted with ground-up semi precious stone called lapis lazuli. The robe of the baby looks quite transparent. Duccio was one of the first painters to try to paint transparent material. One of the important parts of Duccio's design is the gold border of the Madonnna's robe, which seems to wander around the painting in a waving line, and frames the Madonna's face in a way that holds the attention of the viewer.


title: Duccio

text: The "Rucellai Madonna" is no longer in the Church of Santa Maria Novella. In 1948 it was moved to the Ufizzi Gallery where it is shown in the same room as Cimabue's "Trinita Madonna" and Giotto's "Ognisanti Madonna".


title: Duccio

text: In Duccio's own city there was a large cathedral. In 1308 he was given the job of making an enormous altarpiece of the Madonna on a throne for the cathedral. It was not to be as tall as the "Rucellai Madonna" but was much wider, because it showed two rows of saints and a row of angels on either side of the throne. The four saints the kneel at the front of the picture are those who were particularly remembered in the city of Siena. The altarpiece was to have a very fancy Gothic gold frame with more figures at the top, and small pictures at the bottom, but unfortunately the frame has been destroyed.


title: Duccio

text: Because the painting stood above an altar that was right in the middle of the cathedral, and not against a wall, it was easy for people to walk around to see the back of the altarpiece. So Duccio painted the back as well. The back of the altarpiece had lots of small scenes which tell the life of Jesus. These small scenes, which have gold backgrounds and bright colours in the usual way, are very lively illustrations to the Bible stories.