See under endoplasmic reticulum.
noun, Cell Biology.
a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, occurring either with a smooth surface (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) or studded with ribosomes (rough endoplasmic reticulum) involved in the transport of materials.
an extensive intracellular membrane system whose functions include synthesis and transport of lipids and, in regions where ribosomes are attached, of proteins
endoplasmic reticulum n.
The membrane network in cytoplasm that is composed of tubules or cisternae. Some membranes carry ribosomes on their surfaces while others are smooth.
An organelle consisting of a network of membranes within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that is important in protein synthesis and folding and is involved in the transport of cellular materials. The endoplasmic reticulum can be continuous in places with the membrane of the cell nucleus. The function of the endoplasmic reticulum can vary greatly with cell type, and even within the same cell it can have different functions depending on whether it is rough or smooth. ◇ The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a series of connected flattened sacs that have many ribosomes on their outer surface. Rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes and secretes serum proteins (such as albumin) in the liver, and hormones (such as insulin) and other substances (such as milk) in the glands. ◇ The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is tubular in form and is involved in the synthesis of phospholipids, the main lipids in cell membranes. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of the breakdown of toxins and carcinogens in the liver, the conversion of cholesterol into steroids in the gonads and adrenal glands, and the release of calcium ions in the muscles, causing muscle contraction. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum also transports the products of the rough endoplasmic reticulum to other cell parts, notably the Golgi apparatus. See more at cell.
noun 1. a person or thing that roughs or roughs out something, as certain crude cutting tools or a person who performs the first, rough parts of a process. adjective, rougher, roughest. 1. having a coarse or uneven surface, as from projections, irregularities, or breaks; not smooth: rough, red hands; a rough road. 2. shaggy […]
adjective, rougher, roughest. 1. having a coarse or uneven surface, as from projections, irregularities, or breaks; not smooth: rough, red hands; a rough road. 2. shaggy or coarse: a dog with a rough coat. 3. (of an uninhabited region or large land area) steep or uneven and covered with high grass, brush, trees, stones, etc.: […]
noun 1. any fish that is not valued as a sport fish or considered a significant source of food by sport fishers. noun 1. a fish that is neither a sport fish nor useful as food or bait for sport fish
verb (used with object), rough-hewed, rough-hewed or rough-hewn, rough-hewing. 1. to hew (timber, stone, etc.) roughly or without smoothing or finishing. 2. to shape roughly; give crude form to. verb (transitive) -hews, -hewing, -hewed, -hewed, -hewn 1. to cut or hew (timber, stone, etc) roughly without finishing the surface 2. Also roughcast. to shape roughly […]