|Name, Symbol, Number|| krypton, Kr, 36
|Chemical series||noble gases|
|Group, Period, Block||18, 4, p|
|Appearance|| colorless |
|Atomic mass||83.798(2) g/mol|
|Electron configuration||[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6|
|Electrons per shell||2, 8, 18, 8|
|Density|| (0 °C, 101.325 kPa)|
|Melting point|| 115.79 K|
(-157.36 °C, -251.25 °F)
|Boiling point|| 119.93 K|
(-153.22 °C, -243.8 °F)
|Critical point||209.41 K, 5.50 MPa|
|Heat of fusion||1.64 kJ·mol−1|
|Heat of vaporization||9.08 kJ·mol−1|
|Heat capacity||(25 °C) 20.786 J·mol−1·K−1|
|Crystal structure||cubic face centered|
|Electronegativity||3.00 (Pauling scale)|
| Ionization energies|
|1st: 1350.8 kJ·mol−1|
|2nd: 2350.4 kJ·mol−1|
|3rd: 3565 kJ·mol−1|
|Atomic radius (calc.)||88 pm|
|Covalent radius||110 pm|
|Van der Waals radius||202 pm|
|Thermal conductivity||(300 K) 9.43 mW·m−1·K−1|
|Speed of sound||(gas, 23 °C) 220 m/s|
|Speed of sound||(liquid) 1120 m/s|
|CAS registry number||7439-90-9|
Krypton (IPA: /ˈkrɪptən/ or /ˈkrɪptan/) is a chemical element with the symbol Kr and atomic number 36. A colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere, is isolated by fractionating liquefied air, and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps. Krypton is inert for most practical purposes but it is known to form compounds with fluorine. Krypton can also form clathrates with water when atoms of it are trapped in a lattice of the water molecules.
Notable characteristics Edit
Krypton, a noble gas due to its very low chemical reactivity, is characterized by a brilliant green and orange spectral signature. It is one of the products of uranium fission. Solidified krypton is white and crystalline with a face-centered cubic crystal structure which is a common property of all "rare gases".
In 1960 an international agreement defined the metre in terms of light emitted from a krypton isotope. This agreement replaced the longstanding standard metre located in Paris which was a metal bar made of a platinum-iridium alloy (the bar was originally estimated to be one ten millionth of a quadrant of the earth's polar circumference). But only 23 years later, the Krypton-based standard was replaced itself by the speed of light—the most reliable constant in the universe. In October 1983 the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures) defined the metre as the distance that light travels in a vacuum during 1/299,792,458 s.
Like the other noble gases, krypton is widely considered to be chemically inert. Following the first successful synthesis of xenon compounds in 1962, synthesis of krypton difluoride was reported in 1963.  Other fluorides and a salt of a krypton oxoacid have also been found. ArKr+ and KrH+ molecule-ions have been investigated and there is evidence for KrXe or KrXe+.
There are 32 known isotopes of krypton. Naturally occurring krypton is made of five stable and one slightly radioactive isotope. Krypton's spectral signature is easily produced with some very sharp lines. 81Kr is the product of atmospheric reactions with the other naturally occurring isotopes of krypton. It is radioactive with a half-life of 250,000 years. Like xenon, krypton is highly volatile when it is near surface waters and 81Kr has therefore been used for dating old (50,000 - 800,000 year) groundwater. 85Kr is an inert radioactive noble gas with a half-life of 10.76 years, that is produced by fission of uranium and plutonium. Sources have included nuclear bomb testing, nuclear reactors, and the release of 85Kr during the reprocessing of fuel rods from nuclear reactors. A strong gradient exists between the northern and southern hemispheres where concentrations at the North Pole are approximately 30% higher than the South Pole due to the fact that most 85Kr is produced in the northern hemisphere, and north-south atmospheric mixing is relatively slow.
Krypton fluoride laser Edit
- For more details on this topic, see Krypton fluoride laser.
The compound will decompose once the energy supply stops. During the decomposition process, the excess energy stored in the excited state complex will be emitted in the form of strong ultraviolet laser radiation.
- Los Alamos National Laboratory - Krypton
- USGS Periodic Table - Krypton
- "Chemical Elements: From Carbon to Krypton" By: David Newton & Lawrence W. Baker
- "Krypton 85: a Review of the Literature and an Analysis of Radiation Hazards" By: William P. Kirk
|This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Krypton. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Chemistry, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.|