Because of the rapid elevation changes, the region is home to many species with specialized habitat requirements. This includes the world's smallest deer, the endangered pudu
, South America's largest woodpecker, the Magellanic woodpecker
, and 2 pine-seed eating parrots. A fascinating bird, the male Juan Fernández firecrown
, an endemic species of hummingbird is found here. It has earned its name from the colors on its crown, which shift from emerald to scarlet, depending on the light.
Valdivian temperate forests are very dense, with epiphyte-laden trees reaching up to 46 meters (150 ft) in height. The most abundant trees are Antarctic beech
, but many other trees are also present, including the threatened guaitecas cypress, as well as the monkey puzzle tree
. These forests are also home to the extraordinarily tall Alerce
trees that can reach heights of over 114 meters (375 ft) and live for more than 3,000 years!