Anybody who has ever opened a guidebook to birds or plants is familiar with the range maps showing where a particular species lives. Precise ranges are well known for organisms that are well-studied, such as birds and trees in North America and Europe. . In the tropics and for harder to observe organisms, in contrast, we don't always know exactly where the organisms live. We understand what limits species ranges and what defines range edges for only a small handful of organisms. We do know climate can play a large role in determining range limits, but other factors such as soils and competing organisms also play roles.
Due to the computer revolution in biology, it has now become commonplace to build correlational models that link the range of a species to commonly measured (and easily available) climate variables like mean annual temperature. These models are used extensively to provide predictions about where poorly known species live. They are also increasingly being used to make predictions about where species will live in the future under a rapidly changing climate. Yet there is awareness that these models could be greatly improved if we did some hard thinking (using our biological knowledge) and some hard work (using GIS skills) to develop a state-of-the-art set of environmental indices/metrics that affect organisms.
This working group proposes to develop such a state-of-the-art compilation of environmental factors likely to have a strong impact on species ranges. The goal is to share this compilation with the research community at large, and to use the information to explore what factors are actually the most important and most predictive in determining where a species lives. We will integrate state-of-the-art data and tools including weather station data, satellite remote sensing data and marine buoys in order to create a set of freely available, consistently formatted and scaled environmental data "layers" easily usable in GIS-based analyses. We will also develop a guide book for practitioners documenting best practices. In this way we hope to greatly improve our ability to know where poorly studied species live, and to predict where species will live in the future under climate change.
More information  about this research project, and participants.