Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Industrial Design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of products may be improved. Design aspects specified by the industrial designer may include the overall shape of the object, the location of details with respect to one another, colors, texture, sounds, and aspects concerning the use of the product ergonomics. Additionally the industrial designer may specify aspects concerning the production process, choice of materials and the way the product is presented to the consumer at the point of sale. The use of industrial designers in a product development process may lead to added values by improved usability, lowered production costs and more appealing products.
Product Design is focused on products only, while industrial design has a broader focus on concepts, products and processes. In addition to considering aesthetics, usability, and ergonomics, it can also encompass the engineering of objects, usefulness as well as usability, market placement, and other concerns.
Product Design and Industrial Design can overlap into the fields of user interface design , information design and interaction design. Various schools of Industrial Design and/or Product Design may specialize in one of these aspects, ranging from pure art colleges (product styling) to mixed programs of engineering and design, to related disciplines like exhibit design and interior design.
In the US, the field of industrial design hit a high-water mark of popularity in the late 30's and early 40's, with several industrial designers becoming minor celebrities. Raymond Loewy, Norman bel Geddes, and Henry Dreyfuss remain the best known.
In the UK, the term "Industrial Design" increasingly implies design with considerable engineering and technology awareness alongside human factors - a "Total Design" approach, promoted by the late Stuart Pugh (University of Strathclyde) and others.
Famous industrial designers
- Egmont Arens (1888-1966)
- Norman bel Geddes (1893-1958)
- Henry Dreyfuss (1904-1972)
- Charles and Ray Eames (1907-1978) and (1912-1988)
- Harley J. Earl (1893-1969)
- Virgil Exner (1909-1973)
- Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983)
- Kenneth Grange (1929- )
- Michael Graves (1934- )
- Walter Adolph Gropius (1883-1969)
- Jonathan Ive (1967- )
- Arne Jacobsen (1902-1971)
- Raymond Loewy (1893-1986)
- Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886-1969)
- László Moholy-Nagy (1895-1946)
- Victor Papanek (1927-1999)
- Philippe Starck (1949- )
- Brooks Stevens (1911-1995)
- Walter Dorwin Teague (1883-1960)
- Eva Zeisel (1906- )
- Industrial design rights
- Design classics
- Interaction Design
- Automobile design
- Six Sigma
- Famous Industrial Designers
- Design Council on Product Design Design Council one stop shop information resource on Product Design by Dick Powell.
- Industrial Designers Society of America
- The Centre for Sustainable Design
- International Council of Societies of Industrial Designers
- U.S. Occupational Outlook Handbook: Designers
- Core77: Industrial Designers' Online Community
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