1. “Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or "anabolism") is an enzyme-catalyzed process in cells of living organisms by which substrates are converted to more complex products. The biosynthesis process often consists of several enzymatic steps in which the product of one step is used as substrate in the following step. Examples for such multi-step biosynthetic pathways are those for the production of amino acids, fatty acids, and natural products. Biosynthesis plays a major role in all cells, and many dedicated metabolic routes combined constitute general metabolism. Six organelles in the cell are involved in biosynthesis: ribosomes, chloroplasts, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, plastids, and Golgi bodies.
The prerequisites for biosynthesis are precursor compounds, chemical energy (such as in the form ATP), and catalytic enzymes, which may require reduction equivalents (e.g., in the form of NADH, NADPH).
Commonly known complex products of biosynthesis include proteins, vitamins, and antibiotics. Most organic compounds in living organisms are built in biosynthetic pathways.”
(Biosynthesis, Wikipedia, 3/7/2013)
2. US Patent 8,883,463 (November 11, 2014), “Recombinant Microorganism having ability to produce [Lactate-co-Glycolate] Copolymer from Glucose, and Method for Preparing [Lactate-co-Glycolate] Copolymer using same.” Sang Yup Lee, Si Jae Park, Seung Hwan Lee, Bong Keun Song, Yu Kyung Jung, and Tae Woo Lee (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, and Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea).
Poly(lactate-co-glycolate) (PLGA) is a biodegradable polymer derived from lactate and glycolate and a candidate general purpose polymer or medical polymer. Synthesis is difficult and expensive. However, poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) is a polyester accumulated by microorganism. Since glycolic acid is the simplest hydrocarboxylic acid, it cand be inserted into the PHA polymer using a PHA synthase enzyme of Ralstonia europha and a glycolyl-CoA produced from beta oxidation pathway as a substrate.
Lee et al, Korea, produced poly(lactate-co-glycolate) (PLGA) by culturing a mutant transfected baceteria. A gene coding PHA synthase, a gene coding propionyl-CoA transferase, and a gene coding glycerate dehydrogenase are inserted, a gene (iclR) coding isocitrate lyase regulator or aceB (malate synthase) gene is deleted, and a gene (aceA) coding isocitrate lyase is amplified in a glucose-containing medium to produce PLGA.8,883,463 (11/11/2014)
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Roger D. Corneliussen
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Copyright 2013 by Roger D. Corneliussen.
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* Date of latest addition; date of first entry is 3/7/2013.