Butyryl chloride is a compound, with a liquid appearance at room temperature. It has a light yellow to colorless appearance. It is denoted by the chemical formula C4H7ClO. It has a distinct odor akin to ammonia. It dissolves easily in all organic solutions.
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This chemical decomposes violently by heating. But when exposed to water or air, it decomposes instantly to form hydrochloric gas. It is known by C-4 Acyl halide, butanoyl chloride, and n-butyryl chloride. This compound belongs to the acyl group which uses the acylation process to convert the chemicals into compounds viz. by adding RCO to the chemical structure. But this compound has a violent nature and should be used with caution when mixed with amines, alcohols, and dimethyl sulfoxide.
But butyryl chloride is a volatile chemical with hazardous side-effects. Overexposure to the chemical can lead to wheezing, coughing, vomiting, nausea, shortness of breath, and headache. Inhaling can result in pulmonary edema, spasms, chemical pneumonitis, and edema and inflammation of bronchii and larynx.
The chemical is lethal and erodes tissues, especially the skin, eyes, upper respiratory tract, and mucous membranes. Spilled butyryl chloride can be nullified by treating the surface with calcium hydroxide or sodium carbonate.
Butyryl chloride is prepared using thionyl chloride and n-butyric acid. Thionyl chloride is placed in a distilling flask with a water-cooled side arm. Then this solution is heated in water, and to it is added the n-butyric acid solution. This mixture is heated again and distilled to a secondary flask. The crude acid solution is purified again by distillation but retains a boiling temperature of 101°.
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Applications of butyryl chloride include surfactants, agrochemicals, agrochemicals, electronic chemicals, and fragrances. It is used as a catalyst in the production of butalidon and butyllithium.
Prominent manufacturers of the butyryl chloride market include Sigma-Aldrich, Azelis, Transpek Industries Ltd., Simagchem Corporation, and Huntsman Corporation. Other vendors are Nitrochemie Aschau GmbH, Chemos GmbH, Finetech Industry Limited, Merck Schuchardt OHG, Kinbester Co., Ltd., Capot Chemical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Meite Chemical Co., Ltd., Leap Labchem Co., Ltd., and Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.
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