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What is art. Well this is a very good question with millions of different answers. To me art is a lot of different things. Art is the way I do my hair in the morning or the way I butter my bread. Art is something that every person has. More often than not when you ask a person what art is they are going to tell you things like paintings, drawings, statues and such. But art is not just limited to those terms art is its own term and its as broad as you want it to be. Art is a feeling or expression put on paper. Art is some what of a time line we have art from the beginning all the way up to present day and it tells us a lot about the past and what some people think the future will be like. Art is what a person makes it. Some other examples of art would be the art of glass blowing or the art of making stained glass windows. What about the art of architecture that is an art isn't it. There are so many different arts that I could spend all day trying to tell all of them and still not finish. I think that every thing we do has some sort of an art to it. The egyptians had art. They had those big pyramids that are still here for us to see today. This was an art for them to be able to build something that extroidinary with the tools they had. They had to use the art of thinking to be able to come up with a way to be able to move and handle such big pieces of rock.
Michael Angelo had an art and he made art as well. As you may recall he has many well known paintings. For him to do such a good job on the cistine chapel it was odd for me to find out that Angelo really didn't want to paint. He was made in a sense by the pope to do so. His real love for art was in that of sculpturing. Like I mentioned earlier art is what you will allow your mind to produce and in someway expell whether it be on paper, sculpting or designing a house.
Why is art important? Well let's just step back and think about this for a moment. Without art there would be no cave drawings for us to look at and try to depict and learn of the way society was in the past. Once again serving as some what of a time line. What about cooking that is one of my favorite arts because I love to eat a good meal. Without the art of cooking I would be up the creek without a paddle. Not that I don't possess the art of cooking but if there was no art then we wouldn't cook stuff and I would rather eat cooked food. Without art I would be running around naked because there would be nobdy to make clothes for me. This is an art to and without somebody accually making them and somebody designing them we would have no clothes. Without art would we ever have a mode a transportation because somebody had to think of the automobile. Then they had to figure out how to express their idea in a working moving form. Then you got to look at without art how would we paint these things because painting is an art. Whether it be the normal everyday paint job or a more complex illustrated version that some people dsire to have put ton the tailgate of a truck or the side of the car. We have become so famillier and dependent upon art that we don't even thinck of art as art we just use it without even thinking about it. Like I mentioned earlier builing a house and cooking and painting these are all forms of art. I think without art some people would be so bottled up. You know what I mean because for some people that is how they express themselves and let out their emotions. So if there were no art then who knows we might have a lot more crazy people on our hands. So I guess in turn art is a very very good thing because we don't need anymore crazy people. What about the art of hunting without hunting would the human race have made it this far. After all we needed to be able to hunt to get meat to survive.
Art is a very important part of our everyday lives. Though we do not always think of it this way. But when you sit down and think of it you really do use art a lot it's just an essential part of our every day lives. As you have read through this paper I have tried to give you examples of what I think art is and why I think it is important. So now you know that I think that art is what you make of it and it is a very essential part of our everyday lives.
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What Is Art? Essay, Research Paper
What a question! This very same topic has been on the minds of many great people for many years. Just what exactly is art? Art is a form of expression. It is beautiful, ugly, tasteful, distasteful, impressionistic, realistic…you get the point. Art is everywhere. It lives in the soul, mind, and even the heart. Art is an outlet for people to express themselves.
Art is a way for the human mind to express itself. Even a loud, outgoing person has feelings that they do not feel comfortable sharing with people. These expressions often come out through their art. What is classified as art? Besides the obvious…paintings, drawings, architecture, etc…Art can be dancing, singing, acting, etc. It can be pretty much anything that expresses an idea. Even something as common as speech is art. Everyone speaks with a different voice, and each voice is a piece of art.
Art surrounds us. It is encountered so often that often we don’t realize art when we see it. All too often we ignore art. We overlook the ideas and thoughts behind it. Anyone can look at a painting and say “Wow! That’s beautiful!” How many of us can actually stop and say “Wow! Now I understand!” Art is around to teach us. We can learn so much about ourselves and the world around us. Many times we create art without a conscious reason. We believe that we are just making a pretty picture. Usually we are expressing a subconscious idea. If take the time to actually analyze and critique our artwork we could possibly find out something about ourselves.
Often, we use art to express some repressed feelings. Everyone has some feeling or thought that they wish to express but they are afraid. Art is seen as a window of opportunity for these people. They can express what has been on their mind without the worry of embarrassment. Even if a person does confront them about the meaning of the art, they can create a fictional story if they are still afraid. Even people who have feelings that are not repressed use art to express themselves. These people may be using it to sort their thoughts. Some people learn better visually than audibly. For these people, creating art will help their ideas become clearer because they can visually see something.
Art is a very important part of modern and historical society. Without art we would not know as much about our history as we do. The surviving architecture, paintings, sculptures, etc. teach us about our past. It is from our past that we decide to change our future. Besides being of historical importance, art also has a modern impact on society. In today’s society people are very worried about reputation. Art allows a person to express a less accepted idea without being punished socially. Art relieves a lot of tension in the world. It is a way for people to express their anger and other emotions. It is an outlet for emotions. It is based around an idea. All art has an idea behind it, but not all ideas are put into art.
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Pop Art and Sampling In Pop art, reproduction and repetition are the main aspects that distinguish it from other art movements. Andy Warhol’s “Marilyn” is a perfect example of reproduction of image already familiar to the audience, and is repeated once, four times, or twenty times. Pop art takes from commercial art and makes it the elite art as well. That is why Pop art is so special, because it can be distinguished by the mainstream, not just the elite art world. Reproductions provide references to the original work, which sometimes these references, in the hands of Pop Art, are ironic or have something to say about the modern world. Rap and Hip-Hop music are very similar to pop art and post-modernism in that there are many samples of previously recorded beats. Many contend that no beat is original since the beginnings of music. The same goes in pop art where the compositional elements are found objects. If no art is original in the fact that their compositional elements have no originality and have already been used, then what makes a work different than something similar to it, and is that original? This is a very popular question throughout the rap culture because of the overwhelming use of samples throughout rap songs, even to the extent of sampling the beat as well as the chorus and then rapping over it. There needs to be a way to define originality and the purpose of using found objects or rhythms. Samples or found objects are used in many different ways and for many different purposes, so this gives us options on how to view the work. We need to look at the way the sample or found object is used, and if the use gets the purpose across. Artists and musicians are creative and original in the way that they use the found object or sample. Art has moved from the being critiqued by the elite to being enjoyed by the minorities. Lawrence Alloway writes, “It is in this situation that we need to consider the arts of the mass media. It is impossible to see them clearly within a code of aesthetics associated with minorities with pastoral and upper-class ideas because mass art is urban and democratic” (Harrison, P. 701). As mass art and mass media come into the hands of the everyday person, then they will see these ideas differently than the “art world” does. It is because of this change in community that art has changed so much. Especially in the music side of the arts, hip-hop beats were found in many rock and blues songs that kept evolving until they were so well recognized by the general public that rappers use the beat as their canvas, something of which they can put their own approach on. What mass media and mass art does, is give the artists a common ground to work from, which the bottom line is commonality. Originality is may not necessarily be the goal of the art. The focus is on a common ground, but their still must be some originality in how the artist uses the common ground that he/she stands on. When an artists copies a proven style, then they normally are not making a very good piece of work because they are not original in their own style and use of what is around them. Especially in the United States, money has become so much a part of the art process that people are concerned with what will sell, and more importantly, what will sell to a lot of people rather than to a select few. Rappers, more and more, are popping up trying to copy a style that has made some other rappers rich, but do not bring their own originality to the rap-world. Again, good art or rap music is going to have to be based on the new and original ways the artist uses the common ground. A great example to look at is the use of the Spinners’ “Sadie” in 2PAC’s “Dear Mama”. First, let’s examine the original, “Sadie.” “Sadie” was a song about all the black mothers that tried hard to raise their kids well while still being oppressed and not letting it show. It was a thank you song to mothers everywhere that tried their hardest in less than perfect situations. 2PAC used an interpolation of the chorus and changed a few words, but the melody was the same. Instead of saying Sadie, 2PAC said “Lady.” Already, many of us remember the original song and what a great song it was. Also, the title of 2PAC’s song “Dear Mama” also gives us an indication that the song probably has the same or similar subject matter, which it does. As 2PAC talks about growing up with little or no money, and the rough times he and his mother endured, 2PAC says that there is no way that he can repay his mother. 2PAC’s plan is “To show you that I understand, you are appreciated.” As 2PAC realizes, there are emotions that go very deep in the original song “Sadie” and 2PAC brings them out in describing the indestructible love he received from his mother, and the fact that he uses “Sadie” shows that there is a lot of emotion involved in this song. If a listener was just to hear the chorus, then they too would be able to remember the original song, and how it might have touched them in some way, and the ability of 2PAC to bring the song into the 90’s with lyrics that a new generation might be able to relate to. He admits that “when things went wrong we blamed mama.” But even though he didn’t see eye to eye with his mother then, the fact that she was always there for him, even in prison, his mother “always was the black queen” to him. Again, 2PAC recognizes the stress that he caused but realizes that the appreciation that he mentions in the song can help to show that he understands, and will allow many more young individuals to have the same feelings and thoughts that 2PAC’s generation saw in the Spinners “Sadie.” Since I could go on talking about the lyrics forever, I will pause and talk about the way that the interpolation was used.
The beat used by 2PAC, by itself is not recognizable, but the melody of the chorus is. Most of the song is original, and there are no real samples in the song. The use of the recognizable “term” is to arouse feelings of love and memories of times that can only be enjoyed by the relationship of a mother and her sibling. Consciously, or unconsciously, the listener remembers these feelings that were first brought out by the song “Sadie.” As a song for his mother, 2PAC realizes that his mother will also remember these feelings and understand that the same feelings are meant to be felt towards her. This is another way he shows his mother that he understands. 2PAC understands the emotions and the respect and love that go along with “Sadie” and uses them to create the same meaning for his song. The interpolation is inviting the listener to remember how they felt when they listen to “Sadie” and to see how it relates to their own experience. Using his own beats, 2PAC creates his own feel, and keeping that beat steady even through the chorus, 2PAC is using his originality. This is an example of a good use of the found object, or recognizable term. The recognizable term is only used to enhance the already solid beat and vocals. The chorus does make the song, and being taken from a song that has so much meaning inside of it, makes the meaning transfer from the original to the new. The new style is to take the beat and rhythm as is found in the original song, such as Public Enemy and Puff Daddy. These are not as original and are not as good as the way 2PAC uses his samples. Not that using the sample is bad, but it is now a style that is recognized and is being done by lots of people; thus there is no more originality in it. The repetition aspect of pop art also applies to hip-hop music. Even though the sample might not be played 10 times in a row. It is repeated because in many music styles, there are phrases that are repeated throughout the musical piece. As a chorus, the repetition might happen four times throughout the song, which still hammers the rhythm into the audience. Normally, most listeners walk away singing the chorus of a song rather than any other piece of it. The chorus of a song has to be catchy and often easily recognizable by the audience. As in 2PAC’s “Dear Mama” the chorus is already recognized because it is interpolated, and is easy for the audience to remember. When the chorus is repeated, the audience already knows what is coming and so they are able to sing along. This makes the song more enjoyable for the audience. In hip-hop music, audience participation is a major part of the music. When the rapper asks everyone to raise their hands, he/she gets a response from the audience and feeds off of the energy. In the same respect, the audience wants to feel as if they are apart of the music as well, and so they need the rapper to allow them to get involved. Choruses are one way to signalize audience participation. The choruses are usually kept simple so that anyone can sing along and so the listener doesn’t have to think as much. If the rapper can feel the audience, then he puts on a better show, and if the audience feels the rapper, the they give off more energy. If the rapper feels he/she is getting a lot of energy from the audience, then the chorus will be repeated even more. The repetition is something that works very well in hip-hop music. Since 2PAC uses an already known chorus, the audience is hooked from the get-go. This is a good use of repetition, even though some of the words may be changed, the melody is the same and it is the same basic overall chorus. This again proves that the song is a good one, and uses some of the same basic principles of pop art. There are many different styles of pop art, as well as many different styles of hip-hop music, and it is up to the artist to prove that he/she is original enough and uses the common ground well enough to create good art. I have focused in on only a couple of aspects of pop art, but since it is the art of the mass media, I chose the two most profound. I also believe that 2PAC is the best choice to represent the hip-hop world since he is one of the very few rappers that have actually been trained or educated in the arts. 2PAC, a classically trained actor, understands the basic concept of the arts and of what makes art good art. The mass media changes the role of art in our lives and it was only a matter of time before an art form really hit the inner streets and even country settings that were before excluded from the artistic society. Recognition and repetition are the two most prolific techniques used in society today. Advertisements are full of objects easily recognized and they are repeated often, and many times too often. In stores, signs of a sale are very recognizable and there are usually many of them. Society has changed and art has now changed to reflect the society, and so as society dictates the subject of the art, it is up to the artist to make it good. It takes a lot to make good art, but there will always be people that argue over whether a piece of art is good or not. This is also the subject of many pop art pieces, but whether you like something or not, the recognition and repetition will always be there in this mass media culture.
Essay on RESEARCH PAPER ON GOTHIC ART
It is known that Gothic art takes a special place in Medieval art as this style can be found not only in architecture, but also in painting, enameled metalwork, manuscript illumination, textiles and portable arts of the later medieval period, such as reliquaries, censers, shrines, etc. Moreover, as the Gothic period lasted more than 200 years and had many variations in style and different techniques, it is clear that decoration elements grew more elegant and intricate. 1
According to the historical data, the Gothic period is divided into three periods which have some differences in characteristics of decoration elements and artistic techniques. They are Early Gothic (1150-1250), High Gothic (1250-1375) and Late Gothic (1375-1450). 2 Besides, it is found that Gothic art has always been closely connected with religious issues, that is why many experts define Gothic art as a religious art which flourished in churches and Cathedrals throughout France, and later Gothic style was spread throughout Europe. Moreover, during 14th to 15th centuries, Gothic art was mixed with Italian art what led to “more secular style” – the so-called International Gothic which had enormous impact on the growing influence of the Church in Rome. As it is practically impossible to separate the intensive development of Gothic sculpture from the rise of new forms in architecture, many forms of Gothic style can be found in many miniature portable works of art of that period. 3
The major goal of this research paper is to choose and analyze two or three portable works of art related to the Gothic period from the medieval collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The form and decoration of these works of art utilize the Gothic architectural grammar, such as pointed arches, gables, etc.
SHORT VISUAL ANALYSIS AND DESCRIPTION OF THE GOTHIC ART OBJECTS
Chasse with Christ in Majesty and the Lamb of God
This work of art is dated to 1180-1190s and can be found on display in Gallery 304 of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. It is found that Chasse with Christ in Majesty and the Lamb of God was made in Limoges, France. The overall dimensions of this work of art are the following: 8 11/16 x 9 1/4 x 4 3/16 in. (22 x 23.5 x 10.7 cm).
The medium of this object includes Champlevé enamel that has the following colors: light blue, blue-black; dark, medium; yellow, turquoise, dark green and light green, white, red, translucent wine red, wood core, that is painted red and copper that is carefully engraved and scraped, as well as stippled and gilt in a proper way.
It is known that this chasse was used as a box or a container for keeping saints’ relics, such as bones and pieces of cloth which belonged to Saints. 4 This elegant chasse depicts Christ in Majesty who is surrounded by several saints on the lower part of the object and the Lamb of God, emblematic interpretation of Jesus that is surrounded by angels on the exclusive sloping roof of the chasse. The sacred contents that were kept in this chasse could be accessed through the small door which depicts the image of Saint Peter. It is known that Saint Peter was called by Jesus Christ to keep the keys of heaven and to be the guardian of the box’s holy relics. Besides, this object has a wonderful design which simulates a silk textile used in Churches, the gilded ground and beautiful columns and the saints’ haloes.
Lamp or Censer (Hanging Lamp with Prophets and Saints)
This object is dated to the 14th century, the late period of Gothic Art, to the North Italian culture. The overall dimensions of this work of art are the following: 25 x 5 3/4 in. (63.5 x 14.6 cm). Overall dimensions without chain: 16 3/16 x 5 3/4 in. (41.1 x 14.6 cm) and chain length: 8 13/16 in.
This lamp is made of gilt-copper alloy with silver, enamel en ronde bosse and rock crystal decorations. Today this artwork can be found on display in Gallery 306 of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. This hanging above the altar lamp or censor decorated with prophets and Saints was used in religious ceremonies in Churches and Cathedrals. 5 During the religious ritual, a covered incense burner was swinging on chains. Incense has always been used in religious practice for enhancing the religious experience. Some experts consider that the incense’s smoke carries the prayers directly to the God where these prayers are always heard. Besides, this censor was used to cleanse people, items and spaces.
Tabernacle with Scenes from the Infancy of Christ
This work of art is related to 1340-1350s. This tabernacle was made in France and today it can be found in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gallery 306. The overall dimensions of this object are the following ones: when it is open: 11 x 6 3/16 x 2 1/16 in. (27.9 x 15.7 x 5.3 cm) and when it is closed: 11 x 2 11/16 x 2 in. (27.9 x 6.9 x 5.1 cm). This work of art is made of ivory with metal mounts.
This miniature portable tabernacle contains a statuette of the Virgin and Child that is accompanied by numerous scenes of the period of Christ’s infancy. 6 According to the Old Testament, tabernacles were the so-called portable dwelling places used for the divine presence. This miniature portable tabernacle with Scenes from the Infancy of Christ was specially designed for the private devotion. This artwork is an outstanding example of the small-scale work of art that was owned by nobles or wealthy merchants in northern Europe during the 13th to 14th centuries. It is known that such objects were highly valued as true masterpieces of invention and carving.
DETAILED DISCUSSION OF THE UTILIZATION OF THE GOTHIC ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES IN EACH OBJECT
Each of the above mentioned artworks utilizes the Gothic architectural elements and principles, such as pointed arches, ribbed vaults, famous gables, flying buttresses. 7 Besides, Gothic style is known for its narrative nature. Almost all works of art are designed to represent religious motives. In most cases, they are displayed in Churches and Cathedrals. Gothic Art represents a linear narrative, but not a single scene. Let’s take, for example, Tabernacle with Scenes from the Infancy of Christ, the unique composition which tells a lot about the infancy of Christ. The other two objects also have direct relation to religion as they play an important role in different religious ceremonies.
In addition, such artworks as Lamp or Censer (Hanging Lamp with Prophets and Saints) and Tabernacle with Scenes from the Infancy of Christ depict the images of tall and elegant pointed arches which have already become the symbol of Gothic Art. However, the artwork Chasse with Christ in Majesty and the Lamb of God has partly Gothic style, as it does not have pointed arches. The stylish gables which also are the symbols of Gothic Art can be found in all the objects discussed in this paper. For example, the altar Lamp or Censer (Hanging Lamp with Prophets and Saints) has several gables and a gabled roof, while Tabernacle with Scenes from the Infancy of Christ has three imposing gables and a gabled roof.
In conclusion, it is necessary to say that the miniature portable works of art discussed in this paper: Lamp or Censer (Hanging Lamp with Prophets and Saints), Tabernacle with Scenes from the Infancy of Christ and Chasse with Christ in Majesty and the Lamb of God have powerful evidence of Gothic style: pointed arches, gables, religious motives, elegant shapes and graceful lines that impress everybody. All of the objects have direct relation to religion and are highly valued due to their unique design. Moreover, these miniature portable works of art are of great historical value and can be used for analysis of this or that historical period.