printed first detailed tome of anatomical text "Father of Anatomy"
painted portrait "Anatomy lesson of Professor Tulp"
Priestly and Lavoiser
- "Father of Scientific Method" - Responsible for development of bedside teaching/learned from the patient. - First physician who attempted to systematize medicine. Attempted to make the connection between symptoms and disease.
- "Father of Cardiology" - Took great interest in percussion, no stethoscope at the time.
French physician to Napolean. Gets most of the credit for percussion even though he learned it from Auenbrugger.
Albert Von Haller
"Father of physiology" - Wrote Elements of Physiology
"Father of Pathology" Linked symptoms of diseases to Anatomy.
Francois Xavier Bichat
"Father of Histology" - Napoleon of medicine, tireless worker 18-20 hours a day - Placed facts in the forefront and banished ideology.
William and John Hunter
Brothers - William is well known for his work in obstetrics - John "founder of modern day surgical pathology" attempted some of the first work with transplants.
- "Father of Psychiatry" worked to stop brutal treatment of the insane that were chained up and placed in prison. Received much ridicule
realized blood is a necessity. Against blood letting
- "Father of Orthopedic Surgery" discovered disease Dupuytren's contracture
pathology, discovered Lannec's cirrhosis of liver Invented the Stethoscope
Dominiques Jean Larrey
surgeon of Napoleon developed the flying ambulance system.
- Italian anatomist and surgeon: Orthopedics and ophthalmology - Did some "body snatching"
John Knox & William Burke
received body from body snatchers (resurrectionists) - William Burke ran a tavern and killed people (drunk, homeless )
- did work with diseases of the breast - vascular surgery
Sir Charles Bell
-"Father of Neurology" discovered Bell's Palsy disease of 7th cranial nerve -discerned motor and sensory nerves
- Excellent teacher, brusque surgeon made many contributions - Focused on the anatomy of the head and neck
-Hippocrates of Pennsylvania -At the bedside of his patients -No compassion for mentally ill
"Father of Abdominal Surgery" - first successful GI surgery
Gastric Physiology - Mid 1800's -Studied juices running out of a patient. -Meat experiment determined the juice was stomach acid composed of HCL.
James Young Simpson
-Realized that the risk of an operation was so high because there were no anesthesia techniques. -Got the ball rolling for future work.
Dentist placed a patient under anesthesia controlled fashion. -patient died, so upset he committed suicide 4 years later.
William T.G. Morton
-Ether used + nitrous oxide (NO) developed -1846 Massachusetts's general hospital anesthesia for surgery begins
Oliver Wendell Holmes
-believe midwives needed to wash hands -ridiculed for theory
Germ Theory. Modern day bacteriology, not a physician just a brilliant man with keen observational skills.
-Antiseptics. Bacteria can be removed using a dilute carbolic acid spray during surgeries to reduce infection
-"Father of Infectious Disease" Koch postulates that a disease culture organism can be grown and re-induce the disease
German/ Worked in cellular pathology and teaching
James Marion Sims
""Father of Gynecology" -Sims retractor
- Not MD. - Natural philosopher - invented algebra/geometry - Sought absolute scientific truth, believed medicine to be key the natural world - saw body as a mechanism - "link to osteopathy"
Royal Society of London
Robert Boyle, Christopher Wren + 10 others founded in 1660 - became THE driving force of new science - critical of galen and aristoelian science - advocates of Bacon's inductive reasoning
Academie Royaly du Sciences
Founded in 1666 by Louis XIV - followed Descartes' mechanical philosophy
influenced by Boyle, Hooke, Descartes - optics, calculus, math/gravitation - fellow of Royal Society of London
Alchemist, Physicist - showed air was necessary for life - interested in blood + its function - Argued AGAINST traditional elements of various systems (air, fire, earth, mercury, etc. - influenced how we look at lung disease
Anton von Leeuwenhoek
- had no science training - was a draper - designed single-lens microscope capable of 250x - discovered "animacules" in H2O