title: 98/251/ΕΚ: Απόφαση της Επιτροπής της 21ης Μαΐου 1997 σχετικά με ενίσχυση που προτίθεται να χορηγήσει η Αυστρία στην Hoffmann-La Roche όσον αφορά την παρασκευή του φαρμάκου «Orlistat» για τη θεραπεία της παθολογικής παχυσαρκίας (υπερλίπωσης) (Το κείμενο στη γερμανική γλώσσα είναι το μόνο αυθεντικό) (Κείμενο που παρουσιάζει ενδιαφέρον για τον ΕΟΧ)

eurovoc_concepts:
Austria
State aid
control of State aid
environmental protection
nutritional disease
pharmaceutical industry

text: L 103/28 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 3. 4. 98 II (Pq˜aneir cia tgm isw˜u tym opo˜iym dem apaite˜itai dglos˜ieusg) EPITQOPG APOVASG TGS EPITQOPGS tgr 21gr Lai¨ou 1997 swetij ˜a le em˜iswusg pou pqot˜ihetai ma woqgc ˜gsei g Austq˜ia stgm Hoffmann-La Roche ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm paqasjeu ˜g tou vaql ˜ajou «Orlistat» cia tg heqape˜ia tgr pahokocij ˜gr pawusaqj˜iar (upeqk˜ipysgr) (To je˜ilemo stg ceqlamij ˜g ck ˜yssa e˜imai to l ˜omo auhemtij ˜o) (Je˜ilemo pou paqousi ˜afei emdiav ˜eqom cia tom EOW) (98/251/EJ) G EPITQOPG TYM EUQYPA˘IJYM JOIMOTGTYM, ˜Ewomtar up ˜oxg: tg sumh ˜gjg cia tgm ˜idqusg tgr Euqypaˇij ˜gr Joim ˜otgtar, jai id˜iyr to ˜aqhqo 93 paq ˜acqavor 2 pq ˜yto ed ˜avio, tg sulvym˜ia cia tgm ˜idqusg tou Euqypaˇijo ˜u Oijomolijo ˜u W ˜yqou, jai id˜iyr to ˜aqhqo 61 paq ˜acqavor 1 pq ˜yto ed ˜avio, Avo ˜u j ˜akese tour emdiaveq ˜olemour ma upob ˜akoum tir paqa- tgq ˜gseir tour s ˜ulvyma le ta pqoamaveq ˜olema ˜aqhqa, Ejtil ˜ymtar ta aj ˜okouha: I. PQACLATIJA PEQISTATIJA A. Istoqij ˜o Le epistok ˜g tgr 2ar Ojtybq˜iou 1995, g Austq˜ia joimopo˜i- gse stgm Epitqop ˜g, s ˜ulvyma le tir diat ˜aneir tou ˜aqhqou 93 paq ˜acqavor 3 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ, sw ˜edio em˜iswusgr up ˜eq tgr etaiqe˜iar Hoffmann-La Roche (sto en ˜gr «HLR»), b ˜asei tou opo˜iou ha pqoyhghe˜i g paqasjeu ˜g tou vaql ˜ajou «Orlistat» cia tg heqape˜ia tgr pahokocij ˜gr pawusaqj˜iar. Le epistok ˜g tgr 5gr Laqt˜iou 1996, g Epitqop ˜g emgl ˜eqyse tgm austqiaj ˜g jub ˜eqmgsg cia tgm ˜emaqng tgr diadijas˜iar pou pqobk ˜epetai sto ˜aqhqo 93 paq ˜acqavor 2 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ. basg sumeqcas˜iar letan ˜u tgr HLR jai tgr Chemie Linz (sto en ˜gr «CL»), wglij ˜g epiwe˜iqgsg g opo˜ia ek ˜ecwetai ap ˜o to austqiaj ˜o jq ˜ator, em ˜oxei tgr paqacyc ˜gr tou Orlistat. G s ˜ulbasg aut ˜g pqobk ˜epei tgm jatasjeu ˜g eqcostas˜iou sto Linz, to opo˜io ha paq ˜acei Hydroxy-Beta-Lacton, fytij ˜gr sglas˜iar ous˜ia cia tgm paqacyc ˜g tou Orlistat. G evaqloc ˜g tgr s ˜ulbasgr peqikalb ˜amei di ˜avoqer v ˜aseir pou sum˜ista- mtai se basij ˜a ˜eqca lgwamijo ˜u (ta opo˜ia nej˜imgsam tom A ˜ucousto tou 1992 pqim ap ˜o tgm upocqav ˜g tgr s ˜ulbasgr), tgm jatasjeu ˜g jai keitouqc˜ia tym ecjatast ˜aseym jai tgm paqacyc ˜g tou emdi ˜alesou auto ˜u pqoˇi ˜omtor (g opo˜ia pqobk ˜epetai ma nejim ˜gsei to 1998 jai ha ˜ewei dejaet ˜g di ˜aq- jeia). To s ˜umoko tgr paqacyc ˜gr ha en ˜acetai stgm Ekbet˜ia ˜opou ˜eha paqasjeu ˜afetai to Orlistat. G swediaf ˜olemg em˜iswusg cia tgm pqo ˜yhgsg tou swed˜iou peqikalb ˜amei d ˜uo sj ˜ekg: lia em˜iswusg cia tgm ˜eqeuma jai tgm am ˜aptung ˜uxour 300 ejatolluq˜iym austqiaj ˜ym seki- m˜iym jai lia em˜iswusg cia tgm pqostas˜ia tou peqib ˜akko- mtor ˜uxour 78 ejatolluq˜iym austqiaj ˜ym sekim˜iym. Oi emisw ˜useir ha woqgcgho ˜um jaqawq ˜gm ap ˜o tir olospomdia- j ˜er aqw ˜er, tir aqw ˜er tym L(cid:132)nder jai tir dglotij ˜er aqw ˜er. G Austq˜ia heyqe˜i ˜oti g ˜emtasg em˜iswusgr vh ˜amei to 5,3 %, dedol ˜emou ˜oti to sumokij ˜o j ˜ostor tou swed˜iou (ep ˜emdusg + E&A) am ˜eqwetai se 7 124,9 ejatoll ˜uqia austqiaj ˜a sek˜imia. G Epitqop ˜g apov ˜asise ma jim ˜gsei tg diadijas˜ia tou ˜aqhqou 93 paq ˜acqavor 2 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ cia tour aj ˜okouhour k ˜ocour: G pokuehmij ˜g epiwe˜iqgsg HLR paqasjeu ˜afei ap ˜o to 1986 ˜ema m ˜eo v ˜aqlajo jat ˜a tgr pahokocij ˜gr pawusaqj˜iar: to Orlistat. Tom Ojt ˜ybqio/Mo ˜elbqio 1992 upocq ˜avgje s ˜ul- — ˜gdg stir 18 Ojtybq˜iou 1994, joimopoi ˜ghgje sw ˜edio epemdutij ˜gr em˜iswusgr is ˜oposgr le tgm enetaf ˜olemg, lokom ˜oti g ecjat ˜astasg tgr CL bq˜isjetai se peqiow ˜g 3. 4. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 103/29 pou dem e˜imai epik ˜enilg cia woq ˜gcgsg peqiveqeiaj ˜ym emisw ˜useym. ˜Otam jat ˜estg pqovam ˜er cia woq ˜gcgsg peqiveqeiaj ˜ym emisw ˜useym. ˜Otam jat ˜estg pqovam ˜er ˜oti g Epitqop ˜g ha jimo ˜use tg diadijas˜ia tou ˜aqhqou 94 paq ˜acqavor 2 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ, ap ˜o tgm opo˜ia ha pqo ˜e- jupte emdewol ˜emyr ap ˜ovasg apac ˜oqeusgr, g Austq˜ia amaj ˜akese tgm joimopo˜igsg, — ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm pqoteim ˜olemg em˜iswusg cia tgm E&A, g Epitqop ˜g en ˜evqase emdoiaslo ˜ur swetij ˜a le to jat ˜a p ˜oso sulbib ˜afetai le to joimotij ˜o pka˜isio tym jqati- j ˜ym emisw ˜useym stgm ˜eqeuma jai tgm am ˜aptung (1). Juq˜iyr di ˜oti oi austqiaj ˜er aqw ˜er paqe˜iwam l ˜omo cemij ˜er pkgqovoq˜ier ˜osom avoq ˜a tir dqastgqi ˜otgter E&A paqa- ke˜ipomtar tewmij ˜er keptol ˜eqeier jai stoiwe˜ia swetij ˜a le sucjejqil ˜emour dem ap ˜edeinam jat ˜a tq ˜opo peistij ˜o ˜oti oi emisw ˜useir ha keitouqc ˜gsoum yr j˜imgtqo jai ˜oti e˜imai apaqa˜itgtg g woq ˜gcgs ˜g tour, tewmijo ˜ur st ˜owour. Epipk ˜eom, — ˜osom avoq ˜a tir emisw ˜useir cia tgm pqostas˜ia tou peqi- b ˜akkomtor, g peqicqav ˜g tym pqobkep ˜olemym tewmij ˜ym l ˜etqym ˜gtam cemij ˜g, yst ˜oso ˜ekeipam ajqib ˜esteqa stoi- we˜ia swetij ˜a le tir epik ˜eniler dap ˜amer jai tg sw ˜esg letan ˜u tgr epemdutij ˜gr em˜iswusgr jai tgr bekt˜iysgr tgr pqostas˜iar tou peqib ˜akkomtor, — ˜osom avoq ˜a tir emisw ˜useir epacceklatij ˜gr epamejpa˜i- deusgr ˜uxour 5 ejatolluq˜iym austqiaj ˜ym sekim˜iym cia tgm peqait ˜eqy jat ˜aqtisg tym eqcafol ˜emym tgr CL, g Epitqop ˜g e˜iwe fgt ˜gsei ap ˜o tgm Austq˜ia ma apode˜inei b ˜asei molohetij ˜ym jai jamomistij ˜ym diat ˜aneym ˜oti ˜oker oi etaiqe˜ier oi opo˜ier e˜imai ecjatestgl ˜emer stgm Austq˜ia d ˜umamtai ma k ˜aboum t ˜etoiou e˜idour emisw ˜useir b ˜asei amtijeilemij ˜ym jqitgq˜iym jai wyq˜ir ma c˜imomtai diajq˜iseir, — t ˜ekor, kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg to ˜ekkeilla tgr CL, g Epitqop ˜g ˜ehese to eq ˜ytgla e ˜am g pq ˜otasg tgr Austq˜iar ma woqgc ˜gsei em˜iswusg up ˜eq tgr HLR cia tgm ecjat ˜a- stas ˜g tgr sto Linz dem ha lpoqo ˜use ma heyqghe˜i ˜oti sumist ˜a ˜ellesg jqatij ˜g em˜iswusg pqor ˜ovekor tgr CL. Le epistok ˜g pou jatawyq ˜ghgje stir 26 Apqik˜iou 1996, oi austqiaj ˜er aqw ˜er up ˜ebakam stgm Epitqop ˜g tir paqatgq ˜g- seir tour swetij ˜a le tgm ˜emaqng tgr diadijas˜iar tou ˜aqhqou 93 paq ˜acqavor 2 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ. Stir 19 Septel- bq˜iou 1996, pqaclatopoi ˜ghgje sumedq˜iasg letan ˜u tym austqiaj ˜ym aqw ˜ym jai tgr Epitqop ˜gr. En ˜akkou, g Epitqop ˜g ˜ekabe pq ˜osheta cqapt ˜a stoiwe˜ia stir 31 Ojtybq˜iou jai stir 20 Moelbq˜iou 1996. G Epitqop ˜g emgl ˜eqyse ta ˜akka jq ˜atg l ˜ekg jai tour koipo ˜ur emdiaveq ˜olemour swetij ˜a le tgm ˜emaqng tgr diadi- jas˜iar le amajo˜imysg pou dglosie ˜uhgje stgm Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij˜ym Joimot˜gtym(2) jai tour j ˜akese ma upob ˜akoum tir paqatgq ˜gseir tour ˜osom avoq ˜a ta pqoteim ˜olema l ˜etqa em˜iswusgr, wyq˜ir yst ˜oso ma k ˜abei paqatgq ˜gseir. B. G epiwe˜iqgsg G HLR e˜imai vaqlajeutij ˜g epiwe˜iqgsg le gcetij ˜g h ˜esg stgm pacj ˜oslia acoq ˜a, g opo˜ia idq ˜uhuje to 1886, jai g (1) EE C 45 tgr 17. 2. 1996, s. 5. (2) EE C 168 tgr 12. 6. 1996, s. 2. opo˜ia asje˜i tir dqastgqi ˜otgt ˜er tgr se t ˜esseqir tole˜ir: vaqlajeutij ˜a pqoˇi ˜omta, bital˜imer jai jahaq ˜a wglij ˜a pqoˇi ˜omta, diacmystij ˜g jai aqylatij ˜er ous˜ier. Aswoke˜itai le tgm ˜eqeuma, tgm am ˜aptung, tgm paqasjeu ˜g jai tgm elpo- q˜ia pqoˇi ˜omtym jai upgqesi ˜ym lec ˜akgr an˜iar stom iatqij ˜o tol ˜ea. O j ˜uqior tol ˜ear tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr e˜imai o vaqlajeuti- j ˜or tol ˜ear, o opo˜ior to 1995 amtipqos ˜ypeue to 63 % tou j ˜ujkou eqcasi ˜ym tou ol˜ikou. O ˜olikor HLR apaswoke˜i 50 000 peq˜ipou sumeqc ˜ater ej tym opo˜iym to 50 % peq˜ipou eqc ˜afetai stgm Euq ˜ypg jai to 30 % stg B ˜oqeia Aleqij ˜g. To 1995, o j ˜ujkor eqcasi ˜ym tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr ˜evhase to 8,5 disejatoll ˜uqia Ecu (to 1996 ta 9,4 disejatoll ˜uqia Ecu) jai ta jahaq ˜a j ˜eqdg cia tgm peq˜iodo ap ˜o to 1990 ˜eyr to 1995 sgle˜iysam a ˜ungsg ap ˜o 555 ejatoll ˜uqia Ecu se 2 disejatoll ˜uqia Ecu, ˜gtoi upeq- tqipkasi ˜astgjam. To 1995, to 37 % tym pyk ˜gseym pqacla- topoi ˜ghgje stgm Euq ˜ypg, to 37 % stg B ˜oqeia Aleqij ˜g, to 14 % stgm As˜ia jai to 3 % stgm Avqij ˜g, tgm Austqak˜ia jai tgm peqiow ˜g tou Eiqgmijo ˜u. Oi epituw˜ier tgr HLR ˜osom avoq ˜a tom tol ˜ea tgr jaimoto- l˜iar bas˜ifomtai juq˜iyr stir emtom ˜otater dqastgqi ˜otgter tgr E&A cia tir opo˜ier dap ˜amgse 1,34 disejatoll ˜uqia Ecu, ˜gtoi to 16 % peq˜ipou tou j ˜ujkou eqcasi ˜ym tgr. Sto vaqla- jeutij ˜o tol ˜ea oi dap ˜amer cia tgm E&A upeq ˜ebgsam jat ˜a 20 % tom j ˜ujko eqcasi ˜ym tgr. S ˜ulvyma le tgm epiwe˜iqgsg, cia tgm eisacyc ˜g em ˜or m ˜eou vaql ˜ajou stgm acoq ˜a apai- te˜itai lia dejaet˜ia jai dap ˜amg ˜uxour 260 ejatolluq˜iym Ecu. G HLR ep ˜emduse ˜ema lec ˜ako l ˜eqor tym pqaclatopoig- h ˜emtym jeqd ˜ym stgm E&A jai jat ˜a sum ˜epeia sto l ˜ekkom tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr. S ˜ulvyma le ta diavglistij ˜a ˜emtupa tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr, g HLR weiq˜ifetai le tgm ˜idia sobaq ˜otgta jai to ˜idio a˜ishgja upeuhum ˜otgtar ta h ˜elata asv ˜akeiar jai pqostas˜iar tou peqib ˜akkomtor ˜opyr jai ta h ˜elata tgr poi ˜otgtar tym pqoˇi ˜omtym jai tgr paqacycij ˜otgtar. Oi ptuw ˜er aut ˜er apoteko ˜um epol ˜emyr amap ˜ospasto l ˜eqor tgr pokitij ˜gr tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr. Cia ma diapist ˜ysei emdew ˜olemour jimd ˜umour g etaiqe˜ia jataqt˜ifei juq˜iyr lek ˜eter cia tgm am ˜akusg tym jimd ˜umym epijemtq ˜ymomtar ta l ˜etqa stom tol ˜ea tgr pqostas˜iar tgr q ˜upamsgr. To 1995, to s ˜umoko tym dapam ˜ym cia ta l ˜etqa pqostas˜iar (tou peqib ˜akkomtor) am ˜gkhe se 300 ejatoll ˜u- qia Ecu (swed ˜om 4 % tou j ˜ujkou eqcasi ˜ym). peqib ˜akkomtor pq ˜okgxg stgm tou C. G em˜iswusg epgqe ˜afei tir letan ˜u jqat ˜ym lek ˜ym sumakkac ˜er a) Amaptuniaj˜er t˜aseir stom tol˜ea tym vaql˜ajym jat˜a tgr pawusaqj˜iar G heqape˜ia tgr pawusaqj˜iar — dgkad ˜g g le˜iysg em ˜or pqaclatijo ˜u ˜g upotih ˜elemou upeqbokijo ˜u sylatijo ˜u b ˜aqour — d ˜umatai jataqw ˜gm ma k ˜abei tg loqv ˜g liar vaqlajokocij ˜gr heqape˜iar g opo˜ia ˜ewei yr st ˜owo ˜emam ap ˜o tour di ˜avoqour biowglijo ˜ur lgwamislo ˜ur pou epgqe ˜afoum to sylatij ˜o b ˜aqor. G heqape˜ia aut ˜g peqikalb ˜amei di ˜avoqa tl ˜glata tou s ˜ylator, letan ˜u tym opo˜iym tom ecj ˜evako, tour kip ˜ydeir isto ˜ur, tir luˇij ˜er ˜imer jah ˜yr jai ta epihgkiaj ˜a j ˜uttaqa tou emt ˜eqou. E ˜am epiteuwhe˜i ma epgqeaste˜i jai ˜emar l ˜omo ap ˜o auto ˜ur tour lgwamislo ˜ur jat ˜a tq ˜opo ˜yste ma pqoj ˜uxoum epaqj ˜g jkimij ˜a apotek ˜e- slata ha lpoqo ˜use ma pqoj ˜uxei, jat ˜a tgm ˜apoxg tym peqissot ˜eqym epistgl ˜omym, ˜ema pqoˇi ˜om pou e˜imai dumat ˜om ma diatehe˜i stgm acoq ˜a. L 103/30 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 3. 4. 98 Ep˜i pokk ˜a ˜etg ˜ewoum eneqeumghe˜i di ˜avoqer l ˜ehodoi, p. w. g amastok ˜g emf ˜ulym cia tgm apoijod ˜olgsg kip ˜ym (kip ˜aser), ta opo˜ia apoijodolo ˜um sto ˜emteqo ta k˜ipg pou pqoskal- b ˜amomtai le tgm tqov ˜g, ˜g g epit ˜awumsg tgr ja ˜usgr tym kip ˜ym sto s ˜yla (heqloc ˜emesg). Tgm tekeuta˜ia tetqaet˜ia oi cm ˜yseir loqiaj ˜gr biokoc˜iar ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm pawusaqj˜ia bekti ˜yhgjam sglamtij ˜a, av ˜oqou ˜ecimam cmyst ˜a ta swetij ˜a le tom tol ˜ea aut ˜o com˜idia. Pq ˜osvata amapt ˜uwhgjam stom em k ˜ocy tol ˜ea, letan ˜u ˜akkym, ta aj ˜okouha v ˜aqlaja: To pqoˇi ˜om «Sibutramine» paqasjeu ˜afetai ap ˜o tgm Knoll (epiwe˜iqgsg g opo˜ia pqo ˜gkhe ap ˜o tgm Pharmaceuticals enacoq ˜a tgr Boots Pharmaceuticals ap ˜o tgm BASF to 1995) ˜ekabe ˜adeia jujkovoq˜iar ap ˜o tgm US Food and Drug jai Administration. To v ˜aqlajo aut ˜o aun ˜amei to posost ˜o seqo- tom˜imgr jai moqadqek˜imgr (d ˜uo oql ˜omer cia tgm amajop ˜g tgr ˜oqengr) stom ecj ˜evako. Aun ˜amei to a˜ishgla joqeslo ˜u jai ekatt ˜ymei epol ˜emyr tgm ˜oqeng, em ˜y up ˜aqwoum up ˜omoier ˜oti, aun ˜amei ep˜isgr tgm jatam ˜akysg em ˜eqceiar. To «Sibutra- mine» paqasjeu ˜ashgje stg hucatqij ˜g tgr Knoll sto Nottingham, Gmyl ˜emo Bas˜ikeio, jai ha paqawhe˜i eje˜i jai sto Cramlington. G epiwe˜iqgsg f ˜gtgse tgm ˜adeia jujkovo- q˜iar tou vaql ˜ajou stgm Euq ˜ypg. Stir aqw ˜er tou 1996, g US Food and Drug Administration woq ˜gcgse tgm ˜adeia jujkovo- q˜iar tou «Isomeride» (Dexfenfluramin), v ˜aqlajo jat ˜a tgr pawusaqj˜iar pou paqasjeu ˜ashgje sto cakkij ˜o eqcast ˜gqio Servier. To v ˜aqlajo aut ˜o j ˜obei tgm ˜oqeng aun ˜amomtar to posost ˜o seqotom˜imgr stom ecj ˜evako jai ha jatasjeua- she˜i ap ˜o tgm epiwe˜iqgsg Interneuron Pharmaceuticals le tgm epymul˜ia «Redux». G bqetamij ˜g epiwe˜iqgsg Alizyme aswoke˜itai le pokk ˜a v ˜aqlaja (ta apojako ˜ulema «amastoke˜ir kipas ˜ym»), ta opo˜ia ha epitq ˜exoum ma apemeqcopoigho ˜um ta ˜emfula pou e˜imai upe ˜uhuma cia tgm apoijod ˜olgsg tym kip ˜ym sto ˜emteqo, pqojeil ˜emou ma leiyhe˜i g apoqq ˜ovgsg k˜ipour ap ˜o to s ˜yla. G epiwe˜iqgsg HLR e˜imai g pq ˜ytg pou ajoko ˜uhgse aut ˜g tgm l ˜ehodo jai f ˜gtgse ma ecjqihe˜i to Orlistat amasto- k ˜ear kipas ˜ym, yr m ˜eo v ˜aqlajo. G ceqlamij ˜g epiwe˜iqgsg Boehringer Ingelheim jai g damij ˜g Novo Nordisk sum ˜gxam pokuet ˜g s ˜ulbasg stom tol ˜ea tgr ˜eqeumar cia tgm am ˜aptung vaql ˜ajym jat ˜a tgr pawusaq- j˜iar. St ˜owor aut ˜gr tgr sulvym˜iar e˜imai juq˜iyr g am ˜aptung l ˜esym ta opo˜ia ha epgqe ˜afoum tour apod ˜ejter sta j ˜uttaqa tou ecjev ˜akou ˜g sta kipoj ˜uttaqa, pqojeil ˜emou ma quhl˜ifoum tgm pq ˜oskgxg tqov ˜gr, tgm jatam ˜akysg em ˜eq- ceiar ˜g tom aqihl ˜o tym kipojutt ˜aqym jai jat ˜a sum ˜epeia ma lei ˜ysoum to swglatisl ˜o k˜ipour se upeqbaq ˜ea ˜atola. G Ciba-Geigy (Basike˜ia/Ekbet˜ia) jai g Synaptic Pharmaceuti- cal (Paramus, NJ/USA) amaj ˜akuxam ˜ema m ˜eo apod ˜ejtg meuqo- peptid˜iou Y (NPY): Y5. To pept˜idio paq ˜acetai stom ecj ˜e- vako jai e˜imai sglamtij ˜o cia tg q ˜uhlisg tgr ˜oqengr. Apoteke˜i to iswuq ˜oteqo dieceqtij ˜o tgr ˜oqengr pou e˜imai cmyst ˜o ˜eyr s ˜gleqa. Ta lekkomtij ˜a v ˜aqlaja cia tg heqa- pe˜ia tgr pawusaqj˜iar ha epijemtq ˜ymomtai stom apod ˜ejtg NPY. Oi epiweiq ˜gseir Synaptic Pharmaceutical jai Ciba-Geigy diemeqco ˜um ep˜i tou paq ˜omtor pqojkimij ˜er ˜eqeumer le di ˜avo- qer em ˜yseir lijq ˜ym loq˜iym pou apeuh ˜umomtai stom upodo- w ˜ea Y5. To pq ˜yto v ˜aqlajo pou apeuh ˜umetai sto meuqope- pt˜idio Y (NPY 1) (joim ˜g am ˜aptung tou Neurogen jai tou Pfizer) bq˜isjetai s ˜gleqa sto pq ˜yto st ˜adio jkimij ˜ym doji- l ˜ym stom ˜amhqypo. L ˜omo stir Gmyl ˜emer Pokite˜ier tgr Aleqij ˜gr oi jatamaky- t ˜er dap ˜amgsam peqiss ˜oteqo ap ˜o 43 disejatoll ˜uqia Ecu cia pqoˇi ˜omta adumat˜islator ˜opyr eidij ˜er d˜iaiter jai pqoˇi ˜omta ta opo˜ia diat˜ihemtai eke ˜uheqa stgm acoq ˜a, aj ˜olg jai am ta apotek ˜eslata ˜gtam tir peqiss ˜oteqer voq ˜er lijq ˜gr l ˜omo di ˜aqjeiar. ˜Osom avoq ˜a to «Redux», to pq ˜yto v ˜aqlajo pou ecjq˜ihgje jat ˜a tgr pawusaqj˜iar to L ˜aio tou 1996 ap ˜o tgm US Food and Drug Administration, oqisl ˜emoi paqatgqgt ˜er tgr acoq ˜ar upokoc˜ifoum ˜oti o et ˜gsior j ˜ujkor eqcasi ˜ym am ˜eqwe- tai se 430 ejatoll ˜uqia Ecu. Kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg to sgla- mtij ˜o dumalij ˜o tgr acoq ˜ar t ˜etoiou e˜idour vaql ˜ajym, dem ejpk ˜gssei to cecom ˜or ˜oti pokk ˜er epiweiq ˜gseir asjo ˜um tir dqastgqi ˜otgt ˜er tour stom tol ˜ea aut ˜o pou waqajtgq˜ifetai ap ˜o ˜emtomo amtacymisl ˜o jai amapt ˜ussoum euq ˜u v ˜asla vaqlajokocij ˜ym heqapei ˜ym. b) G paqasjeu˜g tou Orlistat To Orlistat paqasjeu ˜ashgje s ˜ulvyma le tg sum ˜ghg diadi- jas˜ia cia ta vaqlajeutij ˜a pqoˇi ˜omta: Pqojkimij ˜er dojilas ˜ier: peiq ˜alata pou dien ˜acei g epiwe˜iqgsg se eqcast ˜gqio jai se f ˜ya pqojeil ˜emou ma jatadeiwhe˜i g biokocij ˜g apotekesla- tij ˜otgta liar ˜emysgr jai ma aniokocghe˜i to lg epibkab ˜er tgr. To st ˜adio aut ˜o d ˜umatai ma diaqj ˜esei ˜eyr t ˜esseqa ˜etg. Jkimij ˜er dojil ˜er, st ˜adio I: diem ˜eqceia dojil ˜ym se 20 ˜eyr 80 uci ˜g ˜atola, ehekomt ˜er, pqoeil ˜emou ma eqeumghe˜i to lg epibkab ˜er jai g dosokoc˜ia. Epipk ˜eom, diem ˜eqceia eqeum ˜ym ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm apoqq ˜ovgsg, tg di ˜awusg sto s ˜yla jai to vaqlajoletabokisl ˜o. Jkimij ˜er dojil ˜er, st ˜adio II: ˜eqeuma tgr apotekeslatij ˜otgtar tou vaql ˜ajou se 100 ˜eyr 300 ehekomt ˜er asheme˜ir. Jkimij ˜er dojil ˜er, stadio III: ˜eqeuma tgr apotekeslatij ˜otgtar jai tym paqemeqcei ˜ym tou vaql ˜ajou se 1 000 ˜eyr 3 000 asheme˜ir (jat ˜a cemij ˜o jam ˜oma se jkimij ˜er jai mosojole˜ia). Oi jkimij ˜er dojil ˜er (st ˜adio I, II jai III) d ˜umamtai ma diaq- j ˜esoum ap ˜o p ˜emte ˜eyr ept ˜a ˜etg. A ˜itgsg cia woq ˜gcgsg ˜adeiar cia m ˜eo v ˜aqlajo: ˜otam stir dojil ˜er diapist ˜ymetai to lg epibkab ˜er jai g apotekeslatij ˜otgta tou pqoˇi ˜omtor, g epiwe˜iqgsg fgte˜i ap ˜o tir aql ˜odier aqw ˜er ma ecjq˜imoum to m ˜eo v ˜aqlajo. G diadi- jas˜ia ˜ecjqisgr d ˜umatai ma diaqj ˜esei ˜eyr d ˜uo ˜etg. ˜Adeia: to pqoˇi ˜om diat˜ihetai stgm acoq ˜a l ˜okir woqgcghe˜i g ˜adeia jujkovoq˜iar. Jat ˜a l ˜eso ˜oqo p ˜emte l ˜omo ap ˜o tir 5 000 em ˜yseir uv˜ista- mtai le epituw˜ia tir pqojkimij ˜er jai jkimij ˜er dojilas˜ier, jai l ˜omo se l˜ia ap ˜o aut ˜er tir p ˜emte sumem ˜yseir woqgce˜itai tekij ˜a g ˜ecjqisg. Letan ˜u tym pqojkimij ˜ym dojilasi ˜ym jai tgr ˜adeiar jujkovoq˜iar d ˜umatai ma lesokab ˜gsei peq˜iodor ˜amy tym d ˜eja et ˜ym, jai to j ˜ostor cia tgm paqasjeu ˜g em ˜or vaql ˜akou ˜eyr tg di ˜ahes ˜g tou stgm acoq ˜a d ˜umatai ma upeq- be˜i ta 450 ejatoll ˜uqia Ecu. 3. 4. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 103/31 S ˜ulvyma le tir austqiaj ˜er aqw ˜er, oi pq ˜yter eqcastgqiaj ˜er eqcas˜ier cia to Orlistat nej˜imgsam to 1986. To v ˜aqlajo, to opo˜io ha diatehe˜i stir Gmyl ˜emer Pokite˜ier le tgm epymum˜ia «Xenical» e˜imai ˜emar iswuq ˜or amastok ˜ear kiipas ˜ym stom emteqij ˜o syk ˜gma jai paqajyk ˜uei tgm apoqq ˜ovgsg 30 % peq˜ipou kip ˜ym pou pqoskalb ˜amomtai le tgm tqov ˜g. Stir aqw ˜er tou 1992, okojkgq ˜yhgjam oi jkimij ˜er dojil ˜er tou stad˜iou II, oi opo˜ier pqaclatopoi ˜ghgjam se 400 up ˜eq- baqa ˜atola, jai ep˜ijeito g let ˜abasg sto st ˜adio III. To 1993 pqaclatopoi ˜ghgjam pqovam ˜yr oi dojil ˜er tou stad˜iou III. To Dej ˜elbqio tou 1996, g Roche f ˜gtgse ap ˜o tgm Food and Drug Administration tgm ˜ecjqisg tou pqoˇi ˜omtor yr m ˜eou vaql ˜ajou. G epiwe˜iqgsg heyqe˜i to Xenical yr ˜ema ap ˜o ta sglamtij ˜o- teqa pqoˇi ˜omta tgr jai g amt˜istoiwg diav ˜glisg pq ˜epei ma pqosamatokishe˜i se ciatqo ˜ur, idq ˜ulata uce˜iar jai jatama- kyt ˜er. S ˜ulvyma le oqisl ˜emour paqatgqgt ˜er, o et ˜gsior j ˜ujkor eqcasi ˜ym ha lpoqo ˜use ma em ˜ekhei se 450 ejatoll ˜u- qia Ecu peq˜ipou. D. G poqe˜ia tgr diadijas˜iar s ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 93 paq ˜acqavor 2 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ ˜Opyr amav ˜eqhgje amyt ˜eqy, g Epitqop ˜g j ˜akese tgm austqiaj ˜g jub ˜eqmgsg ma upob ˜akei tir paqatgq ˜gseir tgr s ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 93 paq ˜acqavor 2 tgr sumh ˜gjgr. Emgl ˜eqyse ta ˜akka jq ˜atg l ˜ekg jai tour koipo ˜ur emdiave- q ˜olemour cia tgm ˜emaqng tgr diadijas˜iar jai tour paq ˜eswe tg dumat ˜otgta ma apovamho ˜um ep˜i tou h ˜elator, wyq˜ir yst ˜oso ma k ˜abei ej l ˜eqour tour jal˜ia paqat ˜gqgsg. Ap˜amtgsg tgr austqiaj˜gr jub˜eqmgsgr Stir paqatgq ˜gseir pou up ˜ebakam oi austqiaj ˜er aqw ˜er iswu- q˜istgjam ˜oti oi emisw ˜useir sulbib ˜afomtai le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a, juq˜iyr cia tour aj ˜okouhour k ˜ocour: a) Em ˜iswusg stgm E&A — To joimotij ˜o pka˜isio tym jqatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym stgm ˜eqeuma jai tgm am ˜aptung dem kalb ˜amei up ˜oxg ta idia˜iteqa waqajtgqistij ˜a tgr ˜eqeumar stom vaqla- jeutij ˜o tol ˜ea. G em k ˜ocy ˜eqeuma d ˜umatai ma diaiqe- he˜i se tq˜ia st ˜adia ta opo˜ia diaqjo ˜um touk ˜awistom d ˜eja ˜etg: to st ˜adio swediaslo ˜u «Research Concept Phase», oi pqojkimij ˜er dojilas˜ier jai oi jkimij ˜er dojil ˜er. To tekeuta˜io st ˜adio d ˜umatai ma upodiai- qehe˜i se tq˜ia epipk ˜eom st ˜adia, ej tym opo˜iym l ˜omo sto tekeuta˜io sullet ˜ewei lec ˜akor aqihl ˜or amhq ˜y- pym stir dojil ˜er (pokk ˜er wiki ˜ader). — G ˜eqeuma aut ˜g pq ˜epei ma peqikgvhe˜i sto joimotij ˜o pka˜isio pou t ˜ehgje se evaqloc ˜g to 1996 ˜osom avoq ˜a tg «biolgwamij ˜g ˜eqeuma» jai tg «dqastgqi ˜o- tgta am ˜aptungr se pqoamtacymistij ˜o st ˜adio», dedo- l ˜emou ˜oti jat ˜a to wq ˜omo tgr joimopo˜igsgr to Orlistat ape˜iwe pok ˜u aj ˜olg ap ˜o tgm jujkovoq˜ia tou stgm acoq ˜a. En ˜akkou, g «Research Concept Phase», oi pqojkimij ˜er dojilas˜ier jah ˜yr jai ta d ˜uo pq ˜yta st ˜adia tym ep˜isgr stg jkimij ˜ym ˜oti uv˜istatai «biolgwamij ˜g ˜eqeuma», dedol ˜emou dojil ˜ym peqikalb ˜amomtai aj ˜olg sglamtij ˜or j˜imdumor to pqoˇi ˜om ma lgm peq ˜asei sto tekeuta˜io st ˜adio tym jkimij ˜ym dojil ˜ym. En ˜akkou, to tq˜ito st ˜adio tym jkimij ˜ym dojil ˜ym pq ˜epei ma peqikgvhe˜i stg «dqastgqi ˜otgta am ˜aptungr se pqoamtacymistij ˜o st ˜adio». — Oi ˜eqeumer pou diemeqco ˜um ˜akker vaqlajeutij ˜er epiweiq ˜gseir stom tol ˜ea tou letabokislo ˜u kipid˜iym avoqo ˜um ˜emam ˜akko tq ˜opo dq ˜asgr ap ˜o ˜oti to Orlistat. — G paqow ˜g jim ˜gtqym e˜imai pqovam ˜gr di ˜oti g HLR dem ha e˜iwe ecjatast ˜gsei tgm paqacyc ˜g tou «Hy- droxy-Deta-Lacton» stgm CL wyq˜ir tgm pqooptij ˜g k ˜gxgr jqatij ˜gr em˜iswusgr. — G em˜iswusg tou pqocq ˜allator e˜imai apaqa˜itgtg k ˜ocy tou uxgko ˜u j ˜ostour am ˜aptungr, tym lec ˜akym wqglatodotij ˜ym jai oijomolij ˜ym jimd ˜umym jai tou idia˜iteqa jaimot ˜olou waqajt ˜gqa tou. b) Em ˜iswusg cia tgm pqostas ˜ia tou peqib ˜akkomtor — S ˜ulvyma le tir austqiaj ˜er aqw ˜er, g HLR ha k ˜abei l ˜etqa cia tgm pqostas˜ia tou peqib ˜akkomtor sto eqcost ˜asio tgr CL tym opo˜iym ta ep˜ipeda peqibak- komtij ˜gr pqostas˜iar ha e˜imai am ˜yteqa eje˜imym pou epaite˜i g austqiaj ˜g molohes˜ia. — G Austq˜ia pqosj ˜olise ajqib ˜esteqa stoiwe˜ia swetij ˜a le tgm em˜iswusg pou e˜imai dumat ˜om ma woqg- cghe˜i cia tgm j ˜akuxg tou j ˜ostour jai ta oijomo- lij ˜a pkeomejt ˜glata tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr se peq˜iptysg evaqloc ˜gr tym l ˜etqym cia tgm pqostas˜ia tou peqi- b ˜akkomtor. c) ˜Osom avoq ˜a ta l ˜etqa epacceklatij ˜gr epamejpa˜ideusgr cia tgm peqait ˜eqy jat ˜aqtisg tym eqcafol ˜emym stgm CL pq ˜ojeitai cia cemij ˜o l ˜etqo, to opo˜io dem peqioq˜ifetai se lia peqiv ˜eqeia, ˜emam jk ˜ado ˜g lia lelomyl ˜emg epiwe˜i- qgsg. d) T ˜ekor, ˜osom avoq ˜a tg dumat ˜otgta woq ˜gcgsgr ˜ellesgr em˜iswusgr pqor ˜ovekor tgr CL, oi austqiaj ˜er aqw ˜er heyqo ˜um ˜oti oi joimopoighe˜iser emisw ˜useir pq ˜epei ma ecjq˜imomtai yr emisw ˜useir cia tgm E&A jai cia tgm pqostas˜ia tou peqib ˜akkomtor. Yr to eq ˜ytgla e ˜am ap ˜o tgm em˜iswusg pou pqooq˜ifetai cia tgm HLR dem epyveke˜itai stgm pqaclatij ˜otgta g CL e˜imai ˜ameu amtijeil ˜emou. ej to ˜utou, II. MOLIJG EJTILGSG A. Sulbib ˜asilo tgr em˜iswusgr le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a S ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 92 paq ˜acqavor 1 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ, emisw ˜useir pou woqgco ˜umtai up ˜o opoiad ˜gpote loqv ˜g ap ˜o ta jq ˜atg ˜g le jqatijo ˜ur p ˜oqour jai pou mohe ˜uoum ˜g pou apeiko ˜um ma mohe ˜usoum tom amtacymisl ˜o di ˜a tgr eumoˇij ˜gr letawe˜iqisgr oqisl ˜emym epiweiq ˜gseym ˜g oqisl ˜emym jk ˜adym paqacyc ˜gr e˜imai asulb˜ibaster le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a, jat ˜a to l ˜etqo pou epgqe ˜afoum tir letan ˜u jqat ˜ym lek ˜ym sumak- kac ˜er, ejt ˜or am g sumh ˜gjg oq˜ifei akki ˜yr. Sto ˜aqhqo 92 paq ˜acqavoi 2 jai 3, apaqihlo ˜umtai oi emisw ˜useir oi opo˜ier sulbib ˜afomtai ˜g/jai d ˜umamtai ma heyqgho ˜um ˜oti sulbib ˜a- fomtai le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a. L 103/32 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 3. 4. 98 To ˜aqhqo 92 paq ˜acqavor 2 dem evaql ˜ofetai stgm pqojei- l ˜emg peq˜iptysg k ˜ocy tou e˜idour, tou st ˜owou jai tou tol ˜ea tgr pqobkep ˜olemgr em˜iswusgr. S ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 92 paq ˜acqavor 3, ˜akker emisw ˜useir d ˜umamtai ma heyqgho ˜um ˜oti sulbib ˜afomtai le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a. To sulbib ˜asilo aut ˜o pq ˜epei ma ejtil ˜atai sto joimotij ˜o pka˜isio jai ˜owi sto ep˜ipedo em ˜or lelomyl ˜emou jq ˜atour l ˜ekour. Oi paqejjk˜iseir pou peqi ˜ewomtai sto ˜aqhqo 92 paq ˜acqavor 3 stoiwe˜ia a), b) jai d) dem kalb ˜amomtai up ˜oxg stgm pqojeil ˜emg peq˜iptysg, di ˜oti avem ˜or g swediaf ˜olemg ep ˜em- dusmg dem pqaclatopoie˜itai se emiswu ˜olemg peqiow ˜g, avet ˜eqou dem pq ˜ojeitai em pqojeil ˜emy cia emisw ˜useir swetij ˜a le tgm pqo ˜yhgsg sglamtij ˜ym swed˜iym joimo ˜u euqypaˇijo ˜u emdiav ˜eqomtor ˜g cia tgm ˜aqsg sobaq ˜gr diata- qaw ˜gr tgr oijomol˜iar jq ˜atour l ˜ekour, jai t ˜ekor dem avoqo ˜um tgm pqo ˜yhgsg tou pokitislo ˜u jai tg diat ˜gqgsg tgr pokitistij ˜gr jkgqomoli ˜ar. En ˜akkou, g Epitqop ˜g jat ˜aqtise joimotij ˜o pka˜isio tym jqatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym cia tgm E&A jai cia tgm pqostas˜ia tou peqib ˜akkomtor, sto opo˜io oq˜ifomtai ta jqit ˜gqia cia tgm ejt˜ilgsg tou sulbib ˜asilou t ˜etoiou e˜idour emisw ˜useym le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a jai l ˜esy tou opo˜iou peqioq˜ifomtai ta peqih ˜yqia ejt˜ilgsgr tou ˜aqhqou 92 paq ˜acqavor 3 stoiwe˜io c) tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ. G Epitqop ˜g pq ˜epei epol ˜emyr ma enet ˜asei jat ˜a p ˜oso ta pqobkep ˜olema l ˜etqa sulbib ˜afomtai le ta jqit ˜gqia ejt˜ilg- sgr tou joimotijo ˜u pkais˜iou tym jqatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym stgm E&A jai tym jqatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym up ˜eq tgr pqosta- s˜iar tou peqib ˜akkomtor (1). B. Sulbib ˜asilo tgr em˜iswusgr stgm am ˜aptung le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a ˜eqeuma jai tgm To pq ˜ocqalla em˜iswusgr stgm E&A peqikalb ˜amei to v ˜asla ap ˜o tg s ˜ukkgxg tgr ˜eqeumar ˜eyr tir jkimij ˜er dojil ˜er (st ˜adio III). G swediaf ˜olemg em˜iswusg am ˜eqwetai se 300 ejatoll ˜uqia austqiaj ˜a sek˜imia. To s ˜umoko tym dapam ˜ym am ˜aptungr tou vaql ˜ajou ejtil ˜atai ap ˜o tgm epiwe˜iqgsg se 4 354 ejatoll ˜uqia austqiaj ˜a sek˜imia. a) Amacjai˜otgta tgr em˜iswusgr Lomok ˜oti g evaqloc ˜g tou swed˜iou e˜iwe aqw˜isei ˜gdg ap ˜o to 1986, g pqoteil ˜olemg jqatij ˜g em˜iswusg joimopoi ˜ghgje ap ˜o tir austqiaj ˜er aqw ˜er l ˜okir tom Ojt ˜ybqio tou 1995, ˜otam e˜iwe ˜gdg okojkgqyhe˜i (1992) to st ˜adio II (pqojkimij ˜er dojil ˜er), to opo˜io e˜iwe jatade˜inei tgm apotekeslatij ˜otgta tou Orlistat jat ˜a tgr upeqk˜ipysgr, jai av ˜otou e˜iwe ˜gdg aqw˜isei pqopokko ˜u to st ˜adio III — peiq ˜alata se di ˜avo- qour asheme˜ir oi opo˜ioi p ˜aswoum ap ˜o upeqk˜ipysg. Em ty letan ˜u ˜ewei okojkgqyhe˜i ep˜isgr to st ˜adio III — oi ˜adeiar jkimij ˜er dojil ˜er, jai amal ˜emetai g ˜ejdosg tgr jujkovoq˜iar tou vaql ˜ajou cia to 1999. Sto l ˜etqo pou to sw ˜edio am ˜aptungr ˜ewei ˜gdg okojkgqyhe˜i epituw ˜yr, g woq ˜g- cgsg ecc ˜ugsgr stgm HLR s ˜gleqa cia ˜ema ˜gdg okojkgqy- ˜oti sumist ˜a l ˜emo sw ˜edio E&A pq ˜epei ma heyqghe˜i a priori em˜iswusg keitouc˜iar. (1) EE C 72 tgr 10. 3. 1994, s. 3. Tgm gleqolgm˜ia tgr joimopo˜igsgr — tom Ojt ˜ybqio tou 1995 — e˜iwe ˜gdg aqw˜isei to st ˜adio III (jkimij ˜er dojil ˜er), jai e˜iwe wqgsilopoighe˜i peqiss ˜oteqo ap ˜o to ˜glisu tym wqglatodotij ˜ym p ˜oqym jai tou wq ˜omou pou e˜iwam pqobke- vhe˜i cia to sw ˜edio am ˜aptungr tou vaql ˜ajou. Up ˜o tir sumh ˜gjer aut ˜er e˜imai pqovam ˜er ˜oti g HLR e˜iwe nemim ˜gsei to sw ˜edio le dij ˜g tgr euh ˜umg jai wyq˜ir tgm pqooptij ˜g jqatij ˜gr upost ˜gqingr. Sto sgle˜io 6. 3 tou joimotijo ˜u pkai- s˜iou ˜eqeuma jai am ˜aptung, g Epitqop ˜g jake˜i yst ˜oso ta jq ˜atg l ˜ekg ma apodeijm ˜uoum ˜oti oi emisw ˜useir e˜imai amacja˜ier, ˜oti ha keitouqc ˜gsoum yr j˜imgtqo jai ˜oti se jal˜ia peq˜iptysg dem pq ˜ojeitai cia emisw ˜useir keitouqc˜iar. Stgm pqojeil ˜emg peq˜i- ptysg g Epitqop ˜g heyqe˜i ˜oti g Austq˜ia dem jat ˜edeine tgm amacjai ˜otgta tgr em˜iswusgr. emisw ˜useym stgm tym joimotij ˜ym b) St˜adia ˜eqeumar jai am˜aptungr G jatamol ˜g tym eqeumgtij ˜ym swed˜iym se st ˜adia (basij ˜g ˜eqeuma, biolgwamij ˜g ˜eqeuma, dqastgqi ˜otgta am ˜aptungr se pqoamtacymistij ˜o st ˜adio) wqgsile ˜uei yr de˜ijtgr cia tgm ap ˜ostasg liar pqoteim ˜olemgr em˜iswusgr ap ˜o tgm acoq ˜a jai pq ˜epei ma kalb ˜ametai up ˜oxg jat ˜a tom oqisl ˜o tgr am ˜ytatgr epistqep ˜olemgr ˜emtasgr em˜iswusgr. G basij ˜g jai biolgwa- mij ˜g ˜eqeuma d ˜umatai ma t ˜uwoum uxgk ˜oteqgr em˜iswusgr ap’ ˜o,ti oi dqastgqi ˜otgter am ˜aptungr se pqoamtacymistij ˜o st ˜adio, oi opo˜ier bq˜isjomtai pkgsi ˜esteqa stgm acoq ˜a jai dgliouqco ˜um lecak ˜uteqo j˜imdumo stq ˜ebkysgr tou amtacy- mislo ˜u jai tym sumakkac ˜ym. To ˜uto dem sgla˜imei ˜oti oi epiweiq ˜gseir — id˜iyr stour oijomolijo ˜ur jk ˜adour ˜opou oi dqastgqi ˜otgter tgr E&A e˜imai ˜emtomer — dem evaql ˜ofoum ˜oka ta st ˜adia em ˜or swed˜iou E&A sto pka˜isio tym sum ˜ghym dqastgqiot ˜gtym tour, ev ˜osom epihulo ˜um ma paqale˜imoum amtacymistij ˜er ˜g ma apojt ˜gsoum pkeomejt ˜glata stom amtacymisl ˜o. Aj ˜olg jai stg vaqlajeutij ˜g biolgwam˜ia ˜opou g peq˜iodor am ˜aptungr em ˜or m ˜eou vaql ˜ajou e˜imai idia˜iteqa lajq ˜a, g jatamol ˜g em ˜or swed˜iou se basij ˜g ˜eqeuma, biolgwamij ˜g ˜eqeuma jai dqastgqi ˜otgta am ˜aptungr se pqoamtacymistij ˜o st ˜adio av ˜gmei lec ˜ako peqih ˜yqio cia diavoqetij ˜er eqlg- me˜ier. Stgm pqojeil ˜emg peq˜iptysg pq ˜epei ma kalb ˜amomtai idia˜iteqa up ˜oxg to st ˜adio tym epistglomij ˜ym cm ˜yseym jai oi t ˜aseir tgr tewmokocij ˜gr am ˜aptungr. Ta basij ˜a waqajtgqistij ˜a tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym stgm E&A cia tir opo˜ier emd ˜ewetai ma up ˜aqnei jqatij ˜g wqglatod ˜o- tgsg, jahoq˜ifomtai yst ˜oso qgt ˜a jai d ˜umamtai epol ˜emyr ma wqgsilopoigho ˜um cia tgm ejt˜ilgsg tou sulbib ˜asilou em˜iswusgr stgm E&A le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a. G «basij ˜g ˜eqeuma» (g opo˜ia d ˜umatai ma epidotghe˜i jat ˜a 100 %) dem pq ˜epei ma sumd ˜eetai le biolgwamijo ˜ur ˜g elpoqi- jo ˜ur st ˜owour sucjejqil ˜emgr epiwe˜iqgsgr· pq ˜epei ma diasva- k˜ifetai g euqe˜ia di ˜adosg tym apotekesl ˜atym tgr ˜eqeumar (emt ˜or wqomij ˜gr peqi ˜odou g opo˜ia ha epitq ˜epei tg sulle- tow ˜g ok ˜ojkgqou tou oijomolijo ˜u jk ˜adou). G «dqastgqi ˜o- tgta am ˜aptungr se pqoamtacymistij ˜o st ˜adio» peqikalb ˜a- mei dqastgqi ˜otgter ˜eqeumar (epitqep ˜olemg ˜emtasg em˜iswu- sgr ˜eyr 25 %) peqikalbamol ˜emgr tgr dgliouqc˜iar em ˜or pq ˜ytou pqytot ˜upou jai pq ˜ytym pqocqall ˜atym ep˜ideingr ˜g peiqalatij ˜ym pqocqall ˜atym, up ˜o tom ˜oqo ˜oti dem ha ˜g ma wqgsilopoio ˜umtai cia lpoqo ˜um ma letatq ˜epomtai ˜g cia elpoqij ˜g ejlet ˜akkeusg. biolgwamij ˜er evaqloc ˜er 3. 4. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 103/33 Apojke˜iomtai qgt ˜yr sum ˜gheir tqopopoi ˜gseir ˜g tqopopoi ˜g- seir pou c˜imomtai tajtij ˜a se uvist ˜alema pqoˇi ˜omta, st ˜adia paqacyc ˜gr, leh ˜odour jatasjeu ˜gr, up ˜aqwouser upgqes˜ier jai ˜akker tq ˜ewouser diadijas˜ier, aj ˜olg jai am aut ˜er oi tqopopoi ˜gseir lpoqe˜i ma paqousi ˜afoum bekti ˜yseir. Stgm peq˜iptysg tou swed˜iou Orlistat pq ˜ojeitai, ˜opyr amav ˜eqhgje amyt ˜eqy, cia tupij ˜g diadijas˜ia am ˜aptungr vaql ˜ajou tgr vaqlajeutij ˜gr biolgwam˜iar jai epol ˜emyr — tgm gleqolgm˜ia ˜emaqngr tou swed˜iou — cia sum ˜ghg tq ˜ewousa epiweiqglatij ˜g dqastgqi ˜otgta let ˜a ap ˜o stqatg- cij ˜g ap ˜ovasg tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr sto pka˜isio tgr wq ˜omiar epid˜iyn ˜gr tgr ma amapt ˜unei v ˜aqlajo jat ˜a tgr upeqk˜ipysgr, diadijas˜ia tgm opo˜ia e˜iwe amak ˜abei ˜gdg jat ˜a to paqekh ˜om p ˜emte voq ˜er jai tgm opo˜ia e˜iwe stalat ˜gsei cia di ˜avoqour k ˜ocour. O ˜idior o vaqlajeutij ˜or epiweiqglatij ˜or jk ˜ador tgr HLR heyqe˜i en ˜akkou ˜oti g pqojkimij ˜g ˜eqeuma jai g am ˜aptung em ˜or vaql ˜ajou apoteko ˜um d ˜uo emtek ˜yr diavoqeti- jo ˜ur tole˜ir dqastgqiot ˜gtym pou jat ˜a sum ˜epeia letav ˜eqhg- jam se diavoqetij ˜a tl ˜glata (pgc ˜g: et ˜gsia ˜ejhesg tgr La Roche 1995). S ˜ulvyma le stoiwe˜ia tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr ˜oker oi dqastgqi ˜otgter am ˜aptungr, ap ˜o tir jkimij ˜er dojil ˜er m ˜eym ˜eyr ta h ˜elata epopte˜iar, sucjemtq ˜yhgjam vaql ˜ajym pqojeil ˜emou ma peqioq˜isoum jai ma bektistopoi ˜gsoum stadiaj ˜a tgm poqe˜ia tym eqcasi ˜ym. To sw ˜edio joimopoi ˜g- hgje av ˜otou e˜iwe ˜gdg pqo jaiqo ˜u aqw˜isei g v ˜asg III (jkimi- j ˜er dojil ˜er) jai g ˜idia HLR va˜imetai ma jatat ˜assei to st ˜adio aut ˜o l ˜akkom stir sum ˜gheir epiweiqgsiaj ˜er dqastg- qi ˜otgter paq ˜a stgm ˜eqeuma. Cia tom k ˜oco aut ˜o g Epitqop ˜g dem d ˜umatai ma sulleqiste˜i tgm ˜apoxg tgr Austq˜iar s ˜ulvyma le tgm opo˜ia oi dqastg- qi ˜otgter pq ˜epei ma epidotgho ˜um yr «biolgwamij ˜g ˜eqeuma» jai «dqastgqi ˜otgta am ˜aptungr se pqoamtacymistij ˜o st ˜adio» jat ˜a tgm ˜emmoia tou joimotijo ˜u pkais˜iou tou 1996. Ep˜isgr, dem e˜imai dumat ˜o ma heyqghe˜i g em˜iswusg yr «evaq- losl ˜emg ˜eqeuma jai am ˜aptung» jat ˜a tgm ˜emmoia tou joimo- tijo ˜u pkais˜iou tou 1996. c) G em˜iswusg yr j˜imgtqo G em˜iswusg yr l ˜eso dgliouqc˜iar jim ˜gtqym — g opo˜ia pq ˜epei ma paqajime˜i tgm epiwe˜iqgsg ma amakalb ˜amei pq ˜osheter dqastgqi ˜otgter stom tol ˜ea tgr E&A p ˜eqa ap ˜o tir tq ˜ewouser epiweiqglatij ˜er dqastgqi ˜otgter — enet ˜a- shgje ˜gdg jat ˜a tgm joimopo˜igsg tou swed˜iou tom Ojt ˜y- bqio tou 1995. T ˜oso sto joimotij ˜o pka˜isio tym jqatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym stgm ˜eqeuma jai tgm am ˜aptung tou 1986 (1), ˜oso jai se eje˜imo tou 1996 g em k ˜ocy paqow ˜g jim ˜gtqym jahoq˜i- shgje le ajq˜ibeia jai tom˜ishgje ˜oti dem pq ˜epei se jal˜ia peq˜iptysg ma avoq ˜a emisw ˜useir stg keitouqc˜ia. G am ˜aptung tou Orlistat — ˜opyr amav ˜eqhgje amyt ˜eqy — g opo˜ia ajoko ˜uhgse tg sum ˜ghg diadijas˜ia stom em k ˜ocy jk ˜ado, bqisj ˜otam ˜gdg tgm gleqolgm˜ia tgr joimopo˜igsgr se pok ˜u pqowyqgl ˜emo st ˜adio. Oi pqooptij ˜er tgr acoq ˜ar ha lpoqo ˜usam ma paqajim ˜gsoum opoiad ˜gpote vaqlajeutij ˜g etaiqe˜ia stgm ˜eqeuma vaql ˜ajym jat ˜a tgr pahokocij ˜gr pawusaqj˜iar. Akk ˜a swetij ˜a v ˜aqlaja diat˜ihemtai ˜gdg stgm (1) EE C 83 tgr 11. 4. 1986, s. 2. acoq ˜a jai k ˜ocy tgr amaj ˜akuxgr comid˜iym pou sumd ˜eomtai le tgm upeqk˜ipysg amapt ˜uwhgjam taw ˜eyr jat ˜a ta tekeu- ta˜ia ˜etg oi dqastgqi ˜otgter stom tol ˜ea tgr ˜eqeumar. Cia tour k ˜ocour auto ˜ur g Epitqop ˜g dem sulvyme˜i le to epiwe˜iqgla tgr Austq˜iar ˜oti to sw ˜edio, ˜opyr peqicq ˜avtgje to 1995, ˜epqepe ma jatatawhe˜i letan ˜u tym idia˜iteqa vik ˜o- donym swed˜iym k ˜ocy tym uxgk ˜oteqym tou l ˜esou ˜oqou dapam ˜ym jai jimd ˜umym jai ˜oti apaito ˜use ej l ˜eqour tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr pq ˜osheter dqastgqi ˜otgter stom tol ˜ea tgr E&A p ˜eqa ap ˜o tir sum ˜gheir epiweiqglatij ˜er dqastgqi ˜otgter. G woq ˜gcgsg em˜iswusgr tom Ojt ˜ybqio tou 1995 ha le˜iyme amalv˜iboka l ˜omo tom sum ˜ghg j˜imdumo liar elpoqij ˜gr apotuw˜iar sto pka˜isio tgr am ˜aptungr tou vaql ˜ajou jat ˜a tgm upeqk˜ipysgr, dedol ˜emou ˜oti to jq ˜ator ha epidoto ˜use sw ˜edio to opo˜io g epiwe˜iqgsg ha ev ˜aqlofe o ˜utyr ˜g ˜akkyr pqojeil ˜emou ma paqale˜imei amtacymistij ˜g ˜g ma apojt ˜gsei amtacymistij ˜o pkeom ˜ejtgla. ˜Otam joimopoi ˜ghgje to sw ˜edio tom Ojt ˜ybqio tou 1995, dgliouqc ˜ghgjam stgm Epitqop ˜g sobaq ˜er alvibok˜ier cia tg dumat ˜otgta paqow ˜gr jim ˜gtqym l ˜esy tgr pqoteim ˜olemgr em˜iswusgr, cecom ˜or pou d ˜umatai ep˜i tou paq ˜omtor ma ˜oti g apojke˜isei le bebai ˜otgta. G Epitqop ˜g heyqe˜i Austq˜ia dem jat ˜edeine ˜oti g em˜iswusg apoteke˜i j˜imgtqo. Dedol ˜emou ˜oti g pqoteim ˜olemg em˜iswusg ˜eqeumar jai am ˜aptungr dem amtapojq˜imetai sta jqit ˜gqia tou swetijo ˜u joimotijo ˜u pkais˜iou e˜imai asulb˜ibastg le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a. C. Sulbib ˜asilo tym emisw ˜useym cia tgm pqostas˜ia tou peqib ˜akkomtor le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a a) Ta l˜etqa G HLR pq ˜oteime ma evaqlosho ˜um pq ˜osheta l ˜etqa ta opo˜ia, s ˜ulvyma le tir austqiaj ˜er aqw ˜er, upeqba˜imoum tir ehmij ˜er pqodiacqav ˜er cia tgm pqostas˜ia tou peqib ˜akko- mtor jai to ep˜ipedo pou apaite˜i sum ˜ghyr g ˜idia g epiwe˜i- qgsg. Oi diat ˜aneir cia tgm pqostas˜ia tou peqib ˜akkomtor oi opo˜ier evaql ˜ofomtai stir wglij ˜er epiweiq ˜gseir ˜opyr eje˜img pou e˜imai ecjatestgl ˜emg sto Linz elp˜iptoum sto olospom- diaj ˜o d˜ijaio, to opo˜io isw ˜uei emia˜ia se ok ˜ojkgqg tgm Austq˜ia. G pq ˜otasg tgr HLR cia tg k ˜gxg l ˜etqym pqostas˜iar tou peqib ˜akkomtor ta opo˜ia upeqba˜imoum ta molohetij ˜a hespi- sl ˜ema pq ˜otupa pqoˇup ˜ohete tgm pqaclatij ˜g jatabok ˜g tym uposw ˜olemym emisw ˜useym ap ˜o tir austqiaj ˜er aqw ˜er. Ta em k ˜ocy l ˜etqa pq ˜epei epol ˜emyr ma heyqgho ˜um yr pq ˜osheta l ˜etqa, ta opo˜ia g HLR dem ha ev ˜aqlofe wyq˜ir tg woq ˜gcgsg jqatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym. Pqobk ˜epomtai oi aj ˜okouher tqeir jatgcoq˜ier l ˜etqym cia tgm pqostas˜ia tou peqib ˜akkomtor: p ˜emte l ˜etqa cia tg le˜iysg tou jimd ˜umou oijokocijo ˜u atuw ˜glator, tq˜ia l ˜etqa cia tgm pqostas˜ia tym ud ˜atym jai ept ˜a l ˜etqa cia tgm pqostas˜ia tgr atl ˜osvaiqar. Paqat˜ihetai jatyt ˜eqy p˜imajar tym diav ˜oqym l ˜etqym jai tym pqoteim ˜olemym emisw ˜useym (se ejatoll ˜uqia austqiaj ˜a sek˜imia): L 103/34 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 3. 4. 98 Peqicqav ˜g Pq ˜osheter epemd ˜useir Pos ˜o em˜iswusgr ˜Emtasg (ajah ˜aqisto) P ˜emte l ˜etqa cia tg le˜iysg tou jimd ˜umou oijokocijo ˜u atuw ˜glator 1. 1. Jt˜iqio paqacyc ˜gr yr j ˜ekuvor apol ˜omysgr 1. 2. Dowe˜io ejt ˜omysgr 1. 3. Amtiemdoejqgjtij ˜er susjeu ˜er 1. 4. Pk ˜gqyr autolatopoigl ˜emor weiqisl ˜or 1. 5. Wyqist ˜g apoh ˜gjeusg cia to Butyllithium 30,1 4,95 47,5 51,5 7,1 Tq˜ia l ˜etqa cia tgm pqostas˜ia tym ud ˜atym 2. 1. Pkatv ˜oqler paqacyc ˜gr le denalem ˜er sukk ˜ejter 2. 2. Apostq ˜accisg tym kul ˜atym 2. 3. Wglij ˜g epeneqcas˜ia tym kul ˜atym 4,7 28,4 14,9 Ept ˜a l ˜etqa cia tgm pqostas˜ia tgr atl ˜osvaiqar 3. 1. Apobakk ˜olemor a ˜eqar 3. 2. Diak ˜uter 3. 3 Am ˜ajtgsg heql ˜otgtar 3. 4. Apovuc ˜g diawe ˜olemym ejpolp ˜ym 3. 5. Jib ˜ytia weiqojt˜iym 3. 6. Deiclatokgx˜ier ptyw ˜er se ejpolp ˜er 3. 7. Amtk˜ier jemo ˜u le lacmgtij ˜g s ˜umdesg 65,6 110 4 13 15,8 1,692 0,96 9,03 1,485 12,6 15 1,5 1,41 5,67 3,3 16,2 0 0 3,9 4,5 0,507 0,289 30 % 30 % 26,53 % 29,13 % 21,13 % 30 % 19,96 % 22,15 % 24,70 % 0 0 30 % 28,48 % 30 % 30 % Ta l ˜etqa pou amav ˜eqomtai sta sgle˜ia 3. 2 jai 3. 3 dem d ˜umamtai ma t ˜uwoum em˜iswusgr k ˜ocy tou ˜oti pqojako ˜um sglamtij ˜g le˜iysg tou epiweiqgsiajo ˜u j ˜ostour. Cia j ˜ahe pq ˜osheto l ˜etqo, oi austqiaj ˜er aqw ˜er pqosj ˜oli- sam keptoleq ˜g stoiwe˜ia swetij ˜a le tir m ˜oliler apait ˜gseir, tir apaqa˜itgter epemd ˜useir cia tgm t ˜gqgsg tym pqodia- cqav ˜ym aut ˜ym, to e˜idor tou l ˜etqou, tir swetij ˜er le aut ˜o epemd ˜useir, to pqobkep ˜olemo pos ˜o em˜iswusgr jai to poso- st ˜o tgr em˜iswusgr se sw ˜esg le tir epik ˜eniler dap ˜amer. b) L˜etqa cia tg le˜iysg tou jimd˜umou oijokocijo˜u atuw˜glator Lia pq ˜ytg seiq ˜a l ˜etqym pou paqous˜iase g Austq˜ia aposjope˜i stg le˜iysg tou jimd ˜umou oijokocijo ˜u atuw ˜g- lator. Jat ˜a tgm ˜emaqng tgr diadijas˜iar g Epitqop ˜g e˜iwe ˜gdg paqatgq ˜gsei ˜oti «jat ˜a tgm ejt˜ilgs ˜g tgr swetij ˜a le tir m ˜eer epemd ˜useir, oi opo˜ier peqi ˜ewoum ep˜isgr l ˜etqa cia tgm pqostas˜ia tou peqib ˜akkomtor, (. ) (pq ˜epei) ma uiohet ˜gsei austgq ˜oteqg st ˜asg, pqojeil ˜emou g epiwe˜iqgsg ma lg kalb ˜amei emisw ˜useir cia epemdutij ˜er dqastgqi ˜otgter tir opo˜ier ha pqaclatopoio ˜use o ˜utyr to pq ˜oswgla tym peqibakkomtij ˜ym dapam ˜ym». ˜akkyr, le ˜g Sum ˜ewife de: «Cia paq ˜adeicla e˜imai adiam ˜ogto ma jata- sjeu ˜afomtai ecjatast ˜aseir, oi opo˜ier dem diah ˜etoum to am ˜ytato ep˜ipedo asvake˜iar pou up ˜aqwei stgm acoq ˜a. Cia to k ˜oco aut ˜o, d ˜usjoka d ˜umamtai ma ecjqiho ˜um emisw ˜useir cia tgm ep˜iteung auto ˜u tou epip ˜edou asvake˜iar». T ˜ekor, pq ˜oshese ˜oti «oi emisw ˜useir cia l ˜etqa ta opo˜ia aposjo- po ˜um stgm pqostas˜ia tym eqcafol ˜emym ˜g tgm uce˜ia ˜g ta opo˜ia bekti ˜ymoum tgm apodotij ˜otgta ˜g lei ˜ymoum to j ˜ostor cia tgm epiwe˜iqgsg dem d ˜umamtai ma heyqgho ˜um ˜oti sulbi- b ˜afomtai le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a, dedol ˜emou ˜oti ta l ˜etqa aut ˜a ˜epqepe ma e˜iwam evaqloshe˜i se j ˜ahe peq˜iptysg». Em amtih ˜esei le ta ˜akka l ˜etqa, cia ta opo˜ia g Austq˜ia joimopo˜igse emisw ˜useir cia tgm pqostas˜ia tou peqib ˜ak- komtor, g diateim ˜olemg dijaiokoc˜ia cia tgm pq ˜ytg aut ˜g seiq ˜a l ˜etqym dem e˜imai ma leiyhe˜i g ejpolp ˜g qupamt ˜ym stgm atl ˜osvaiqa sto pka˜isio tgr sum ˜ghour dqastgqi ˜otg- tar paqacyc ˜gr, akk ˜a, ˜opyr apoqq ˜eei qgt ˜a ap ˜o tom paqati- h ˜elemo st ˜owo, ma leiyho ˜um t ˜oso oi j˜imdumoi ˜ejqgngr ˜oso jai oi ejpolp ˜er qupamt ˜ym se peq˜iptysg atuw ˜glator sto eqcost ˜asio. Ta l ˜etqa aut ˜a aposjopo ˜um juq˜iyr sto ma apoveuwho ˜um oijokocij ˜er jatastqov ˜er jai ma leiyhe˜i sto ek ˜awisto o j˜imdumor tqaulatislo ˜u tym amhq ˜ypym (up ˜ak- kgkoi, peq˜ioijoi j. kp. ), jai ˜owi sto ma apojatastaho ˜um oi fgl˜ier pou pqojk ˜ghgjam sto peqib ˜akkom. 3. 4. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 103/35 Aj ˜olg jai am ta pqoteim ˜olema l ˜etqa upeqba˜imoum ta upowqeytij ˜a isw ˜uomta pq ˜otupa stgm Austq˜ia, dem d ˜umatai ma dijaiokocghe˜i g amacjai ˜otgta em˜iswusgr, dedol ˜emou ˜oti g pq ˜okgxg atuwgl ˜atym apoteke˜i upowq ˜eysg cia tir epiwei- q ˜gseir pou tour epitq ˜epei ma amakalb ˜amoum tgm euh ˜umg di ˜a p ˜amta j˜imdumo se peq˜iptysg atuw ˜glator. G Epitqop ˜g heyqe˜i ˜oti dem pq ˜epei ma woqgco ˜umtai jqatij ˜er emisw ˜useir cia tgm amtist ˜ahlisg upowqe ˜yseym ej l ˜eqour tym epiweiq ˜g- seym. G Austq˜ia dem en ˜gcgse tour k ˜ocour cia tour opo˜iour ta l ˜etqa aut ˜a heyqo ˜umtai jataqw ˜ar «oijokocij ˜a» jai epol ˜e- myr epik ˜enila cia em˜iswusg, dedol ˜emou ˜oti g wqgsilopo˜i- gsg tym pk ˜eom pqogcl ˜emym tewmij ˜ym stgm jatasjeu ˜g wgli- jo ˜u eqcostas˜iou apoteke˜i d˜iwyr ˜akko pqoˇup ˜ohesg. ˜oti e˜imai ˜Opyr amav ˜eqhgje amyt ˜eqy, g Epitqop ˜g heyqe˜i pqor to sulv ˜eqom tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr ma amafgte˜i tgm jak ˜u- teqg dumat ˜g tewmij ˜g asvake˜iar. Kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg tgm p˜iesg pou asje˜i g joim ˜g cm ˜ylg amal ˜emetai ap ˜o tir epiwei- q ˜gseir ma pqoba˜imoum se dienodij ˜g am ˜akusg tym jimd ˜umym jai ma kalb ˜amoum ta jat ˜akkgka l ˜etqa cia tgm pq ˜okgxg atuwgl ˜atym. G asv ˜akeia jai g pq ˜okgxg tym atuwgl ˜atym apoteko ˜um sav ˜yr sglamtij ˜a h ˜elata cia ˜oker tir wglij ˜er epiweiq ˜gseir, dedol ˜emou ˜oti j ˜ahe at ˜uwgla ˜ewei pqovam ˜yr sglamtij ˜er epipt ˜yseir ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm euh ˜umg tgr epiwe˜i- qgsgr jai sumep ˜acetai tgm epide˜imysg tgr eij ˜omar tgr jai tgm pt ˜ysg tou ˜ocjou tym pyk ˜gse ˜ym tgr. G lec ˜akg sglas˜ia pou d˜imei g HLR se h ˜elata asvake˜iar epibebai ˜ymetai ep˜isgr ap ˜o tir dglosie ˜useir tgr. Stom pq ˜okoc ˜o tgr tou eccq ˜avou «Safety and Environment Pro- tection at Roche: Group Report 1995», o pq ˜oedqor tou dioijg- tijo ˜u sulbouk˜iou dgk ˜ymei ta aj ˜okouha (se ekkgmij ˜g let ˜a- vqasg): «G l ˜omilg lek ˜etg diav ˜oqym semaq˜iym piham ˜ym atuwgl ˜atym lar od ˜gcgse yst ˜oso ma tqopopoi ˜gsoule tir ecjatast ˜aseir. Amt˜i ma amal ˜emoum pahgtij ˜a tgm pq ˜ojkgsg atuw ˜glator, oi epiweiq ˜gseir kalb ˜amoum oko ˜ema jai peqis- s ˜oteqo l ˜etqa pq ˜okgxgr. G am ˜akusg tym jimd ˜umym apoteke˜i sglamtij ˜o eqcake˜io cia tgm am˜iwmeusg piham ˜ym ad ˜umalym sgle˜iym. G am ˜akusg aut ˜g jat ˜estg em ty letan ˜u sum ˜ghgr pqajtij ˜g se ˜oka ta eqcost ˜asia jai cia ˜oker tir diadija- s˜ier paqacyc ˜gr jai paq ˜ewei tg dumat ˜otgta stour wglijo ˜ur jai tour lgwamijo ˜ur ma ejtilo ˜um emdew ˜olemer duskeitouq- c˜ier jai tir epipt ˜yseir tour, jai epol ˜emyr ma lei ˜ymoum tom j˜imdumo w ˜aqg stg k ˜gxg jat ˜akkgkym l ˜etqym jai tewmijo ˜u, oqcamytijo ˜u jai pqosypijo ˜u waqajt ˜gqa». Stg sum ˜eweia, o pq ˜oedqor pq ˜oshese ta aj ˜okouha: «Cia lar, g asv ˜akeia jai g pqostas˜ia tou peqib ˜akkomtor dem sumi- sto ˜um l ˜omo upowq ˜eysg ˜emamti tou jq ˜atour jai tgr joim ˜gr cm ˜ylgr, akk ˜a ep˜isgr apoteko ˜um amap ˜ospasto l ˜eqor tgr epiweiqgsiaj ˜gr lar dqastgqi ˜otgtar». G heleki ˜ydgr sgla- s˜ia pou ˜ewei g asv ˜akeia cia tg wglij ˜g biolgwam˜ia cemij ˜a jai sucjejqil ˜ema cia tgm HLR epibebai ˜ymetai em sumewe˜ia stgm ˜idia tgm ˜ejhesg, ˜otam g epiwe˜iqgsg amajoim ˜ymei tgm pq ˜ohes ˜g tgr «ma jatast ˜gsei ta dedol ˜ema pou tgm avoqo ˜um pqospek ˜asila ˜owi l ˜omo cia tour idia˜iteqour apaitgtijo ˜ur eidijo ˜ur, akk ˜a ep˜isgr to pqosypij ˜o, tour pek ˜ater, tour let ˜owour tgr jai ˜akkour emdiaveqol ˜emour jai ma paq ˜ewei pkgqovoq˜ier ous˜iar cia tgm jatam ˜ogsg tgr sumow ˜gr tou sum ˜okou jai tgr ejt˜ilgsgr tym dedol ˜emym tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr» (let ˜avqasg). Dedol ˜emou ˜oti ta l ˜etqa asvake˜iar cia tg le˜iysg tou jimd ˜umou atuw ˜glator apoteko ˜um amap ˜ospasto l ˜eqor tgr epiweiqglatij ˜gr dqastgqi ˜otgtar tgr HLR, dem ˜ewei jatadei- whe˜i g am ˜acjg jqatij ˜gr em˜iswus ˜gr tour. Oi emisw ˜useir up ˜eq tym pqoteim ˜olemym l ˜etqym asvake˜iar (sgle˜ia 1. 1 ˜eyr 1. 5 tou p˜imaja) pq ˜epei epol ˜emyr ma heyqgho ˜um yr cemij ˜er epem- dutij ˜er emisw ˜useir jat ˜a tgm ˜emmoia tou joimotijo ˜u pkai- s˜iou cia tir jqatij ˜er emisw ˜useir up ˜eq tgr pqostas˜iar tou peqib ˜akkomtor jai apojke˜iomtai amenaiq ˜etyr ap ˜o to ped˜io evaqloc ˜gr tou joimotijo ˜u auto ˜u pkais˜iou. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, oi pqoteim ˜olemer emisw ˜useir cia ta l ˜etqa asvake˜iar dem e˜imai sulbib ˜asiler le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a. c) L˜etqa cia tgm pqostas˜ia tym ud˜atym jai tgr atl˜osvaiqar Ta l ˜etqa pqostas˜iar tym ud ˜atym aposjopo ˜um stg sglam- tij ˜g le˜iysg tym ejw ˜useym sto Do ˜umabg. Cia paq ˜adeicla, ˜ewei stalat ˜gsei pk ˜eom g ˜ejwusg diakut ˜ym jai jatako˜ipym ˜opyr vaimukaihukal˜img, lokom ˜oti to ˜uto epitq ˜epetai aj ˜olg s ˜ulvyma le tgm isw ˜uousa molohes˜ia stom tol ˜ea tou peqi- b ˜akkomtor. En ˜akkou, g paqous˜ia oqcamij ˜ym em ˜yseym akoc ˜omym (AOW) sta k ˜ulata lei ˜yhgje peqiss ˜oteqo ap ˜o 75 %. Ta l ˜etqa cia tgm pqostas˜ia tgr atl ˜osvaiqar ˜ewoum yr st ˜owo ma lei ˜ysoum pk ˜gqyr tir ejpolp ˜er udqocomamhq ˜ajym, epij˜imdumgr sj ˜omgr jai diakut ˜ym stgm atl ˜osvaiqa, loko- m ˜oti epitq ˜epomtai aj ˜olg s ˜ulvyma le tgm isw ˜uousa molohe- s˜ia stom tol ˜ea tou peqib ˜akkomtor. ˜Akka l ˜etqa ˜ewoum yr st ˜owo tg le˜iysg amen ˜ekecjtym ejpolp ˜ym aeq˜iou sto peqi- b ˜akkom. Jai stgm pqojeil ˜emg peq˜iptysg, ta l ˜etqa upeqba˜i- moum ta isw ˜uomta pq ˜otupa. G woq ˜gcgsg tym epemdutij ˜ym emisw ˜useym, oi opo˜ier epitq ˜e- poum ma epiteuwhe˜i ˜ema sav ˜yr uxgk ˜oteqo ep˜ipedo pqosta- s˜iar tou peqib ˜akkomtor, ˜emamti tym iswu ˜omtym pqot ˜upym, ˜eyr 30 % jat’ am ˜ytato ˜oqio tym epik ˜enilym ecjq˜imetai dapam ˜ym. To ˜uxor tym emisw ˜useym pou woqgc ˜ghgjam pq ˜ac- lati sto pka˜isio aut ˜o pq ˜epei ma e˜imai am ˜akoco le tgm epidiyj ˜olemg bekt˜iysg tgr pqostas˜iar tou peqib ˜akkomtor jai tgm pqor to sjop ˜o aut ˜o apaito ˜ulemg ep ˜emdusg. Pq ˜epei ep˜isgr ma kgvho ˜um up ˜oxg ˜oker oi oijomol˜ier j ˜ostour ˜g ˜akka pkeomejt ˜glata ta opo˜ia apokalb ˜amei o epemdut ˜gr l ˜esy tgr ep ˜emdus ˜gr tou. Oi lei ˜yseir aut ˜er jai ta pkeomejt ˜glata pq ˜epei ma avaiqeho ˜um ap ˜o to pos ˜o tym pq ˜oshetym epemd ˜useym, pqojeil ˜emou ma jataste˜i dumat ˜o ma upokocishe˜i to epik ˜enilo j ˜ostor. Tgqoul ˜emym tym amakoci ˜ym, to j ˜ostor keitouqc˜iar pq ˜epei ma peqikgvhe˜i sto pos ˜o tgr ep ˜emdusgr. Kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg to k ˜ahor pou di ˜epqanam oi austqiaj ˜er aqw ˜er, oi opo˜ier ava˜iqesam to j ˜ostor keitouqc˜iar pou enoi- jomol ˜ghgje ap ˜o to pos ˜o tgr em˜iswusgr jai ˜owi ap ˜o to pos ˜o tym pq ˜oshetym epemd ˜useym, g Epitqop ˜g jat ˜ekgne sta aj ˜okouha pos ˜a emisw ˜useym ta opo˜ia d ˜umamtai ma t ˜uwoum em˜iswusgr s ˜ulvyma le to joimotij ˜o pka˜isio (se ejatoll ˜u- qia austqiaj ˜a sek˜imia): L 103/36 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 3. 4. 98 Peqicqav ˜g Pq ˜osheter epemd ˜useir Epik ˜enilo j ˜ostor Pos ˜o em˜iswusgr ( ˜emtasg 30 % ajah ˜aqisto) 2. 1. Pkatv ˜oqler paqacyc ˜gr le denalem ˜er sukk ˜ejter 2. 2. Apostq ˜accisg tym kul ˜atym 2. 3. Wglij ˜g epeneqcas˜ia tym kul ˜atym 3. 1. Apobakk ˜olemor a ˜eqar 3. 2. Diak ˜uter 3. 3. Am ˜ajtgsg heql ˜otgtar 3. 4. Apovuc ˜g diawe ˜olemym ejpolp ˜ym 3. 5. Jib ˜ytia weiqojt˜iym 3. 6. Deiclatokgx˜ier vtyw ˜er se ejpolp ˜er 3. 7. Amtk˜ier jemo ˜u le lacmgtij ˜g s ˜ufeung 4,7 28,4 14,9 65,6 110 4 13 15,8 1,692 0,96 4,7 25,2 14,9 65,2 110 4 13 17 1,692 0,96 Sumokij ˜o pos ˜o 259,05 157,65 1,41 7,56 4,47 19,56 0 0 3,9 5,1 0,507 0,289 42,796 poso ˜u em˜iswusgr am ˜ytatou G woq ˜gcgsg 42 796 000 austqiaj ˜a sek˜imia up ˜eq pq ˜oshetym l ˜etqym cia tgm pqosta- s˜ia tym ud ˜atym jai tgr atl ˜osvaiqar sulbib ˜afetai le to joimotij ˜o pka˜isio cia tir jqatij ˜er emisw ˜useir up ˜eq tgr pqostas˜iar tou peqib ˜akkomtor jai jat ˜a sum ˜epeia le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a, b ˜asei tgr paq ˜ejjkisgr pou pqobk ˜epetai sto ˜aqhqo 92 paq ˜acqavor 3 stoiwe˜io c) tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ. D. Emisw ˜useir jat ˜aqtisgr up ˜eq tgr Chemie Linz Jat ˜a tgm ˜emaqng tgr diadijas˜iar, g Epitqop ˜g e˜iwe jak ˜esei tir austqiaj ˜er aqw ˜er ma epibebai ˜ysoum ˜oti g em˜iswusg aut ˜g up ˜eq tgr Chemie Linz (CL) sumist ˜a cemij ˜o l ˜etqo. To l ˜etqo aut ˜o bas˜ifetai stgm odgc˜ia cia tgm pqo ˜yhgsg l ˜etqym cemij ˜gr epacceklatij ˜gr jat ˜aqtisgr (ejtekestij ˜er diat ˜aneir tou m ˜olou peq˜i pqoyh ˜gseyr tgr apasw ˜okgsgr l ˜eqor B/IV/C). To 1994, tqopopoi ˜ghgje sglamtij ˜a g molij ˜g b ˜asg, ˜yste ma pq ˜ojeitai t ˜yqa cia to ˜aqhqo 33, se sumduasl ˜o le to ˜aqhqo 34 paq ˜acqavor 2 sgle˜ia 2 jai 4, tou m ˜olou cia tgm upgqes˜ia acoq ˜ar eqcas˜iar (Arbeits- marktservicegesetz). ˜etsi St ˜owor tgr em˜iswusgr aut ˜gr e˜imai g uxgk ˜oteqg eneid˜ijeusg jai g epacceklatij ˜g jimgtij ˜otgta at ˜olym, ta opo˜ia e˜iwam pqogcoul ˜emyr topohetghe˜i ap ˜o tgm upgqes˜ia acoq ˜ar eqca- s˜iar (tgm jqatij ˜g upgqes˜ia eqcas˜iar) stgm epiwe˜iqgsg. S ˜ulvyma le tir pkgqovoq˜ier pou pqosj ˜olisam oi austqia- j ˜er aqw ˜er, g em˜iswusg aut ˜g dem peqioq˜ifetai se sucjejqi- l ˜emg peqiv ˜eqeia, jk ˜ado ˜g epiwe˜iqgsg. Stgm pqojeil ˜emg peq˜iptysg, emto ˜utoir, e˜imai stg diajqitij ˜g euw ˜eqeia tgr upgqes˜iar acoq ˜ar eqcas˜iar ma apovas˜isei cia tgm em˜iswusg. Ta jqit ˜gqia en ˜etasgr tym swetij ˜ym ait ˜gseym e˜imai o j˜imdumor apok ˜useym, g apasw ˜okgsg am ˜eqcym pou wqei ˜afomtai ejpa˜ideusg, g dumat ˜otgta aniopo˜igsgr tgr ejpa˜ideusgr jai ejt ˜or tgr sucjejqil ˜emgr epiwe˜iqgsgr jai g am ˜akgxg desle ˜useym cia lajqopq ˜oheslg apasw ˜okgsg. Dedol ˜emou ˜oti g epid ˜otgsg aut ˜g dem woqgce˜itai aut ˜olata b ˜asei amtijeilemij ˜ym jqitgq˜iym, pq ˜epei ma heyqghe˜i yr jqatij ˜g em˜iswusg jat ˜a tgm ˜emmoia tou ˜aqhqou 92 paq ˜acqa- vor 1 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ, di ˜oti apakk ˜assei tir apod ˜ejtqier epiweiq ˜gseir ap ˜o dap ˜amer pou sumd ˜eomtai le tir sum ˜gheir epiweiqglatij ˜er tour dqastgqi ˜otgter. S ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 172 paq ˜acqavor 5 tgr pq ˜angr pqosw ˜yqgsgr tgr Austq˜iar, tgr Vimkamd˜iar jai tgr Soug- d˜iar stgm Euqypaˇij ˜g ˜Emysg, ˜oker oi apov ˜aseir pou ˜ewoum kgvhe˜i ap ˜o tgm Epopte ˜uousa Aqw ˜g tgr EFES pqim ap ˜o tgm gleqolgm˜ia pqosw ˜yqgsgr s ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 61 tgr sulvym˜iar cia tom EOW jai oi opo˜ier let ˜a ap ˜o tgm pqosw ˜yqgsg elp˜iptoum sto ˜aqhqo 92 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ, (. ) isw ˜uoum jat ˜a tgm ˜emtang b ˜asei tou ˜aqhqou 92 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ, ejt ˜or e ˜am g Epitqop ˜g k ˜abei diavoqetij ˜g ap ˜ovasg b ˜asei tou ˜aqhqou 93 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ. To cecom ˜or ˜oti g molij ˜g b ˜asg tgr em˜iswusgr cia tgm jat ˜aq- tisg tqopopoi ˜ghgje sglamtij ˜a to 1994 ˜epqepe ma joimopoi- ghe˜i stgm Epopte ˜uousa Aqw ˜g tgr EFES s ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 1 paq ˜acqavor 3 tou pqytoj ˜okkou aqih. 3 tgr sulvym˜iar letan ˜u tym jqat ˜ym tgr EFES swetij ˜a le tgm ˜idqusg liar Epopte ˜uousar Aqw ˜gr jai em ˜or Dijastgq˜iou (1). Dedol ˜emou ˜oti g Austq˜ia dem t ˜gqgse aut ˜gm tgm upowq ˜eysg, to jahest ˜yr emisw ˜useym pq ˜epei ma heyqghe˜i yr m ˜eo jahe- st ˜yr jai ˜owi yr ˜gdg uvist ˜alemo jahest ˜yr. En ˜akkou, to jahest ˜yr aut ˜o e˜imai paq ˜amolo di ˜oti t ˜ehgje se isw ˜u pqim lpoq ˜esei ma apovamhe˜i g Epopte ˜uousa Aqw ˜g tgr EFES (jai aqc ˜oteqa g Epitqop ˜g) swetij ˜a le to sulbib ˜asil ˜o tou le tir diat ˜aneir cia tir jqatij ˜er emisw ˜useir. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia g Epitqop ˜g peqioq˜ishgje l ˜omo stgm en ˜etasg tgr lelomyl ˜emgr em˜iswusgr ˜uxour 5 ejatolluq˜iym austqiaj ˜ym sekim˜iym g opo˜ia paq ˜eswe stgm CL tg dumat ˜o- tgta peqait ˜eqy apasw ˜okgsgr tym eqcafol ˜emym tgr jai epamejpa˜ideus ˜gr tour cia tgm paqacyc ˜g tou Hydroxy- Beta-Lacton, wyq˜ir ma k ˜abei h ˜esg ep˜i tou em k ˜ocy jahest ˜y- tor emisw ˜useym. Se s ˜ucjqisg le to j ˜ostor tou pqocq ˜allator jat ˜aqtisgr touk ˜awistom 150 at ˜olym, to opo˜io am ˜gkhe se 150 ejatol- l ˜uqia austqiaj ˜a sek˜imia jat ˜a tgm pq ˜ytg tetqaet˜ia, to pos ˜o tym 5 ejatolluq˜iym austqiaj ˜ym sekim˜iym (360 000 (1) EE L 231 tgr 3. 9. 1994, s. 1. 3. 4. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 103/37 Ecu) e˜imai swetij ˜a walgk ˜o. G ˜emtasg tgr em˜iswusgr am ˜eqwe- tai epol ˜emyr l ˜omo se 3 % ajah ˜aqisto. G jat ˜aqtisg cia tgm opo˜ia woqgc ˜ghgje lelomyl ˜emg em˜iswusg dem e˜imai se jal˜ia peq˜iptysg pqosaqlosl ˜emg stir am ˜acjer sucjejqil ˜emgr epiwe˜iqgsgr jai epol ˜emyr epyveko ˜umtai ap ˜o aut ˜g peqiss ˜oteqer epiweiq ˜gseir. Yr ej to ˜utou, g em k ˜ocy em˜iswusg pq ˜epei ma heyqghe˜i yr em˜iswusg pqor ˜ovekor tym eqcafol ˜emym, aj ˜olg jai am g CL ˜alesa ap ˜o aut ˜gm. Kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg tir epyveke˜itai wqglatodotij ˜er jai oijomolij ˜er dusw ˜eqeier tgr CL jai tom j˜imdumo apok ˜useym, oi eqcaf ˜olemoi tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr, oi opo˜ioi ˜ewoum paqajokouh ˜gsei tgm em k ˜ocy jat ˜aqtisg, ˜ewoum epol ˜emyr jak ˜uteqer eujaiq˜ier cia tgm ame ˜uqesg m ˜ear h ˜esgr se peq˜iptysg pou ha ˜ewamam tg sgleqim ˜g tour h ˜esg. G Epitqop ˜g paqous˜iase tg h ˜esg tgr swetij ˜a le ta l ˜etqa cia tgm pqo ˜yhgsg tgr jat ˜aqtisgr, tgr peqait ˜eqy ejpa˜ideu- sgr jai tgr ap ˜ojtgsgr m ˜eym cm ˜yseym stir jateuhumt ˜gqier cqall ˜er ˜osom avoq ˜a tir emisw ˜useir stgm apasw ˜okgsg (1): «stir peqipt ˜yseir jat ˜a tir opo˜ier oi emisw ˜useir aut ˜er elp˜i- ptoum sto ped˜io evaqloc ˜gr tou ˜aqhqou 92 paq ˜acqavor 1 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ, g Epitqop ˜g di ˜ajeitai jat ˜a jam ˜oma eumoˇij ˜a». Kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg ta pqoamaveq ˜olema, g Epitqop ˜g heyqe˜i ˜oti g pqoteim ˜olemg lelomyl ˜emg em˜iswusg cia tgm epacceklatij ˜g epamejpa˜ideusg tym eqcafol ˜emym stgm CL sulbib ˜afetai le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a s ˜ulvyma le tgm paq ˜ej- jkisg pou pqobk ˜epetai sto ˜aqhqo 92 paq ˜acqavor 3 stoi- we˜io c) tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ. E. Emdew ˜olemg ˜ellesg em˜iswusg amadi ˜aqhqysgr up ˜eq tgr Chemie Linz Stgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr ma jim ˜gsei tg diadijas˜ia, g Epitqop ˜g sgle˜iyse ˜oti, se peq˜iptysg pou oi pqoteim ˜olemer emisw ˜u- seir dem ha lpoqo ˜usam ma heyqgho ˜um ˜oti sulbib ˜afomtai le tir swetij ˜er jateuhumt ˜gqier cqall ˜er jai tg sumh ˜gjg EJ yr emisw ˜useir stgm ˜eqeuma jai tgm pqostas˜ia tou peqib ˜ak- komtor, ha lpoqo ˜usam ma enetasho ˜um, jat ˜a de ˜uteqo k ˜oco, yr emisw ˜useir se pqobkglatij ˜g epiwe˜iqgsg, sucjejqil ˜ema stg Chemie Linz. G Epitqop ˜g he ˜yqgse ˜oti oi emisw ˜useir stgm E&A jai oi emisw ˜useir cia tgm pqostas˜ia tou peqib ˜akkomtor em l ˜eqei sulbib ˜afomtam le tg sumh ˜gjg tgr EJ jai em l ˜eqei ˜owi. Dedol ˜emou ˜oti oi emisw ˜useir oi opo˜ier dem sulbib ˜afomtai le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a dem pq ˜epei ma jatabkgho ˜um stgm HLR jai epol ˜emyr g CL dem d ˜umatai ma epyvekghe˜i ˜ellesa ap ˜o ˜ameu amtijeil ˜emou, aut ˜er, to h ˜ela aut ˜o e˜imai ENEDYSE TGM PAQOUSA APOVASG: heqape˜ia tgr upeqk˜ipysgr, dem sulbib ˜afetai le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a b ˜asei tou ˜aqhqou 92 paq ˜acqavoi 2 jai 3. Epol ˜emyr, dem d ˜umatai ma woqgcghe˜i. ˜Aqhqo 2 G em˜iswusg ˜uxour 39,616 ejatolluq˜iym austqiaj ˜ym seki- m˜iym, tgm opo˜ia pqot˜ihetai ma woqgc ˜gsei g Austq˜ia up ˜eq tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr Hoffmann-La Roche cia sulpkgqylatij ˜a l ˜etqa swetij ˜a le tg le˜iysg tou jimd ˜umou oijokocijo ˜u atuw ˜glator se eqcost ˜asio paqacyc ˜gr Hydroxy-Beta-Lacton sto Linz dem sulbib ˜afetai le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a b ˜asei tou ˜aqhqou 92 paq ˜acqavoi 2 jai 3. Epol ˜emyr, dem d ˜umatai ma woqgcghe˜i. ˜Aqhqo 3 G em˜iswusg cia tgm pqostas˜ia tou peqib ˜akkomtor ˜uxour 42,796 ejatolluq˜iym austqiaj ˜ym sekim˜iym g opo˜ia woqgc ˜g- hgje stgm epiwe˜iqgsg Hoffmann-La Roche cia pq ˜osheta l ˜etqa pqostas˜iar tym ud ˜atym jai tgr atl ˜osvaiqar ta opo˜ia k ˜gvhgjam sto eqcost ˜asio tou Linz sulbib ˜afetai le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a b ˜asei tou ˜aqhqou 92 paq ˜acqavoi 2 jai 3. ˜Aqhqo 4 G lelomyl ˜emg em˜iswusg ˜uxour 5 ejatolluq˜iym austqia- j ˜ym sekim˜iym stgm Chemie Linz cia tgm peqait ˜eqy apasw ˜o- kgsg tym eqcafol ˜emym tgr jai tgm epamejpa˜ideus ˜g tour stgm paqacyc ˜g Hydroxy-Beta-Lacton woqgc ˜ghgje paq ˜amola, dedol ˜emou ˜oti g q ˜uhlisg stgm opo˜ia bas˜ifetai dem joimo- poi ˜ghgje stgm Epopte ˜uousa Aqw ˜g tgr EFES s ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 172 paq ˜acqavor 5 tgr pq ˜angr pqosw ˜yqgsgr tgr Austq˜iar, tgr Vimkamd˜iar jai tgr Sougd˜iar stgm Euqy- paˇij ˜g ˜Emysg. Le tgm epiv ˜ukang tgr h ˜esgr tgr Epitqop ˜gr, ˜osom avoq ˜a to cemij ˜o jahest ˜yr emisw ˜useym, g lelomyl ˜emg em˜iswusg up ˜eq tgr Chemie Linz d ˜umatai ma heyqghe˜i ˜oti sulbib ˜afetai le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a b ˜asei tou ˜aqhqou 92 paq ˜acqavoi 2 jai 3. ˜Aqhqo 5 G Austq˜ia ha emgleq ˜ysei tgm Epitqop ˜g, emt ˜or d ˜uo lgm ˜ym ap ˜o tgm gleqolgm˜ia joimopo˜igsgr tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr, swetij ˜a le ta l ˜etqa pou ˜ekabe cia ma sulloqvyhe˜i pqor aut ˜g. ˜Aqhqo 6 G paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg apeuh ˜umetai stg Dglojqat˜ia tgr Austq˜iar. ˜Aqhqo 1 Bqun ˜ekker, 21 Lai¨ou 1997. G em˜iswusg stgm ˜eqeuma jai tgm am ˜aptung ˜uxour 300 ejatolluq˜iym austqiaj ˜ym sekim˜iym, tgm opo˜ia pqot˜ihetai ma woqgc ˜gsei g Austq˜ia up ˜eq tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr Hoffmann-La Roche cia tgm am ˜aptung tou Orlistat, em ˜or vaql ˜ajou cia tg Cia tgm Epitqop˜g Karel VAN MIERT L˜ekor tgr Epitqop˜gr (1) EE C 334 tgr 12. 12. 1995, s. 4


title: REGOLAMENTO (CE) N. 901/97 DELLA COMMISSIONE del 21 maggio 1997 che modifica le restituzioni all'esportazione dello zucchero bianco e dello zucchero greggio come tali

eurovoc_concepts:
export refund
raw sugar
white sugar


title: Elements for a cost-effective plastic waste management in the European Union : Objectives and instruments for the year 2000.

eurovoc_concepts:
plastics
waste management