title: Rådets förordning (EG) nr 2465/97 av den 8 december 1997 om avbrytande av vissa ekonomiska förbindelser med Sierra Leone

eurovoc_concepts:
Sierra Leone
UN Security Council
marketing restriction
petroleum
petroleum product

formats: html pdfa1b print


title: Neuvoston asetus (EY) N:o 2447/97, annettu 8 päivänä joulukuuta 1997, CN-koodiin 1604 kuuluvien tuotteiden teolliseen valmistukseen tarkoitettujen tonnikalojen yhteisön tuotantohinnan vahvistamisesta kalastusvuodeksi 1998

eurovoc_concepts:
EU production
food processing
producer price
sea fish


title: Forslag til Rådets forordning (EF) om ændring af forordning (EØF) nr. 1873/84 om tilladelse til udbud eller afsætning til direkte konsum af visse indførte vine, som eventuelt har været underkastet andre ønologiske fremgangsmåder end de i forordning (EØF) nr. 822/87 omhandlede

eurovoc_concepts:
United States
import (EU)
marketing standard
vinification
wine

text: KOMMISSIONEN FOR DE EUROPÆISKE FÆLLESSKABER Bruxelles, den 08. 12. 1997 KOM(97) 695 endelig udg. Forslag til RÅDETS FORORDNING (EF) om ændring af forordning (EØF) nr. 2390/89 om fastsættelse af almindelige ^regler for indførsel af vin, druesaft og druemost Forslag til RÅDETS FORORDNING (EF) om ændring af forordning (EØF) nr. 1873/84 om tilladelse til udbud eller afsætning til direkte konsum af visse indførte vine, som eventuelt har været underkastet andre ønologiske fremgangsmåder end de i forordning (EØF) nr. 822/87 omhandlede (forelagt af Kommissionen) Fodslag til RÅDETS FORORDNING (EF) Nr. af om ændring af forordning (EØF) nr. 2390/89 om fastsættelse af almindelige regler for indførsel af vin, druesaft og druemost o LU CO • «- m ro Q a> CO LU O BEGRUNDELSE En af betingelserne for, at vinprodukter med oprindelse i tredjelande kan indføres til Fællesskabet er, at der fremlægges en oprindelses- og overensstemmelsesattest samt en analyseerklæring, som skal udarbejdes af officielle organer og laboratorier i de pågældende tredjelande. For at lette indførslen af disse produkter indførte Rådet i 1984 som en undtagelse en vis lempelse af udarbejdelsen af attesten og analyseerklæringen, såfremt det pågældende tredjeland giver særlige garantier, som er godkendt af Fællesskabet. Disse undtagelsesbestemmelser udløber den 31. december 1997. Endvidere gælder det, at vin, der har oprindelse i tredjelande, og som har været til underkastet ønologiske fremgangsmåder, som Fællesskabets retsforskrifter, da de ikke svarer til det traditionelle begreb "korrekte ønologiske fremgangsmåder", ikke må udbydes til direkte konsum i Fællesskabet. I sådanne tilfælde kan Rådet træffe beslutning om en undtagelse, Der blev indrømmet undtagelse fra denne bestemmelse for vin med oprindelse i USA, for så vidt angår anvendelsen af visse ønologiske fremgangsmåder, der er tilladte i dette tredjeland. men ikke i Fællesskabet. Denne undtagelse udløber ligeledes den 31. december 1997. ikke er tilladte i henhold Kommissionen finder, at det er nødvendigt at forlænge denne undtagelse endnu engang, nemlig indtil udgangen af 1998. En sådan frist skulle være tilstrækkelig til, at Fællesskabet og USA den 31. december 1998 kan fortsætte dialogen mellem Fællesskabet og USA. Anmærkning De finansielle følger for Fællesskabets budget er ubetydelige. o ni CO •tf CÛ CM CO Û o> CO LU O Forslag til RÅDETS FORORDNING (EF) Nr. af om ændring af forordning (EØF) nr. 2390/89 om fastsættelse af almindelige regler for indførsel af vin, druesaft og druemost RÅDET FOR DEN EUROPÆISKE UNION HAR - under henvisning til traktaten om oprettelse af Det Europæiske Fællesskab, under henvisning til Rådets forordning (EØF) nr. 822/87 af 16. marts 1987 om den fælles markedsordning fælles markedsordning for vin, senest ændret ved forordning (EF) nr. 2087/97. særlig artikel 70, stk. 2, under henvisning til forslag fra Kommissionen, og ud fra følgende betragtning: 1 artikel 1, stk. 2, og artikel 2 i Rådets forordning (EØF) nr. 2390/89 , senest ændret ved forordning (EF) nr. 127/97 , er der fastsat importlettelser for vinprodukter med oprindelse i tredjelande, der yder særlige garantier, hvad angår attesten for oprindelse og overensstemmelse samt analyseerklæringen; ved artikel 3, stk. 2, i samme forordning er de pågældende lettelser begrænset til en forsøgsperiode, der udløber den 31. december 1997; da det er nødvendigt at have tid til at forberede indførelsen af den fremtidige ordning, bør nævnte periode forlænges indtil udgangen af 1998. UDSTEDT FØLGENDE FORORDNING: Artikel 1 I artikel 3, stk. 2, i forordning (EØF) nr. 2390/89 ændres datoen "31. december 1997' til "31. december 1998". o LU 5 § § LU o ' 2 3 4 EFT nr. L 84 af 27. 3. 1987, s. 1. EFTnr. L 292 af 25. 10. 1997, s. 1 EFTnr. L 232 af9. 8. 1989, s. 1. EFTnr. L 24 af 25. 1. 1997, s. 1. Denne forordning træder i kraft den 1. januar 1998. Artikel 2 Denne forordning er bindende i alle enkeltheder og gælder umiddelbart i hver medlemsstat. Udfærdiget i Bruxelles, den På Rådets vegne Formand o LU 00 •«t CÛ Oi CO Û a> 00 LU d FINANSIERINGSOVERSIGT BUDGETPOST: Bl - 16 BEVILLINGER: 799 mio. ECU (PB 89) FORANSTALTNINGENS BETEGNELSE: Rådets forordning om ændring af forordning (EØF) nr. 2390/89 om fastsættelse af almindelige regler for indførelse af vin, druesaft og druemost. 3. 4. RETSGRUNDLAG: Rådets forordning (EØF) nr. 822/87. FORMÅL: En etårig forlængelse af de importfaciliteter, der er indrømmet visse tredjelande, indtil den kommende ordning er inført. 5. FINANSIELLE VIRKNINGER 12- MÅNEDSPERIODE INDEVÆRENDE REGNSKABSÅR (98) FØLGENDE REGNSKABSÅR (99) UDGIFTER, SOM AFHOLDES - OVER EF-BUDGETTET (RESTITUTION/INTERVENTION) - OVER DE NATIONALE BUDGETTER) - AF ANDRE 5. 0. 5. 1 5. 0. 1. 5. 1. 1. OVERSLAG - UDGIFTER OVERSLAG - INDTÆGTER 5. 2. BEREGNING: 2000 2001 2002 2003 6. 0. ER FINANSIERING MULIG GENNEM BEVILLINGER OPFØRT UNDER DET PÅGÆLDENDE KAPITEL I DET LØBENDE BUDGET? 6. 1. ER FINANSIERING MULIG VED OVERFØRSEL MELLEM KAPITLER I DET LØBENDE BUDGET? 6. 2. 6. 3. ER ET TILLÆGSBUDGET NØDVENDIGT? SKAL DER OPFØRES BEVILLINGER PÅ FREMTIDIGE BUDGETTER? BEMÆRKNINGER: JA JA NEJ NEJ b Forslag til RÅDETS FORORDNING (EF) Nr. af om ændring af forordning (EØF) nr. 1873/84 om tilladelse til udbud eller afsætning til direkte konsum af visse indførte vine, som eventuelt har været underkastet andre ønologiske fremgangsmåder end de i forordning (EØF) nr. 822/87 omhandlede o CM r-- iii m a> CD CD LU O T- BEGRUNDELSE En af betingelserne for, at vinprodukter med oprindelse i tredjelande kan indføres til Fællesskabet er, at der fremlægges en oprindelses- og overensstemmelsesattest samt en analyseerklæring, som skal udarbejdes af officielle organer og laboratorier i de pågældende tredjelande. For at lette indførslen af disse produkter indførte Rådet i 1984 som en undtagelse en vis lempelse af udarbejdelsen af attesten og analyseerklæringen, såfremt det pågældende tredjeland giver særlige garantier, som er godkendt af Fællesskabet. Disse undtagelsesbestemmelser udløber den 31. december 1997. Endvidere gælder det, at vin, der har oprindelse i tredjelande, og som har været underkastet ønologiske fremgangsmåder, som til Fællesskabets retsforskrifter, da de ikke svarer til det traditionelle begreb "korrekte ønologiske fremgangsmåder", ikke må udbydes til direkte konsum i Fællesskabet. 1 sådanne tilfælde kan Rådet træffe beslutning om en undtagelse, Der blev indrømmet undtagelse fra denne bestemmelse for vin med oprindelse i USA, for så vidt angår anvendelsen af visse ønologiske fremgangsmåder, der er tilladte i dette tredjeland, men ikke i Fællesskabet. Denne undtagelse udløber ligeledes den 31. december 1997. i henhold ikke er tilladte Kommissionen finder, at det er nødvendigt at forlænge denne undtagelse endnu engang, nemlig indtil udgangen af 1998. En sådan frist skulle være tilstrækkelig til, at Fællesskabet og USA den 31. december 1998 kan fortsætte dialogen mellem Fællesskabet og USA. Anmærkning De finansielle følger for Fællesskabets budget er ubetydelige. o LU CM LU CD CD CD CD O B Forslag til RÅDETS FORORDNING (EF) Nr. af om ændring af forordning (EØF) nr. 1873/84 om tilladelse til udbud eller afsætning til direkte konsum af visse indførte vine, som eventuelt har været underkastet andre ønologiske fremgangsmåder end de i forordning (EØF) nr. 822/87 omhandlede RÅDET FOR DEN EUROPÆISKE UNION HAR - under henvisning til traktaten om oprettelse af Det Europæiske Fællesskab, under henvisning til Rådets forordning (EØF) nr. 822/87 af 16. marts 1987 om den fælles markedsordning for vin , senest ændret ved forordning (EF) nr. 2087/97". særlig artikel 73, stk. 1, under henvisning til forslag fra Kommissionen, og ud fra følgende betragtninger: I artikel 70, stk. 1, i forordning (EØF) nr. 822/87 er det fastsat, at de i artikel 1, stk. 2. litra a) og b), i samme forordning omhandlede produkter kun kan indføres, når de er ledsaget af en attest, der godtgør, at de opfylder de bestemmelser, som gælder for i fremstilling, oprindelsestredjelandet; til direkte konsum afsætning og i givet levering fald i artikel 73, stk. 1, i nævnte forordning, er det fastsat, at de pågældende indførte^ produkter, som har været genstand for ønologiske fremgangsmåder, der ikke er tilladte efter fællesskabsbestemmelserne, eller ikke er i overensstemmelse med nævnte forordnings bestemmelser eller de bestemmelser, der vedtages i medfør af nævnte forordning, ikke må udbydes eller leveres til direkte konsum, medmindre der gøres en undtagelse; Rådet fraveg princippet ved forordning (EØF) nr. 1873/84 , senest ændret ved forordning (EF) nr. 128/97 ; denne undtagelses gyldighedsperiode udløber der 31. december 1997; for at konsultationerne mellem Fællesskabet og det pågældende tredjeland fortsat kan finde sted med henblik på en eventuel aftale i sektoren, bør o LU CM h- LU | 1 l 3 4 EFTnr. L 84 af27. 3. 1987, s. 1. EFT nr. L 292 af 25. 10. 1997, s. 1. EFTnr. L 176 af 3. 7. 1984, s. 6. EFT nr. L 24 af 25. 1. 1997, s. 2. nævnte undtagelses gyldighedsperiode forlænges indtil udgangen af 31. december 1998- UDSTEDT FØLGENDE FORORDNING: Artikel 1 I artikel 1, stk. 1, andet afsnit, i forordning (EØF) nr. 1873/84 ændres datoen "den 31 december 1997" til "den 31. december 1998". Denne forordning træder i kraft den 1. januar 1998. Artikel 2 Denne forordning er bindende i alle enkeltheder og gælder umiddelbart i hver medlemsstat. Udfærdiget i Bruxelles, På Rådets vegne Formand o LU CM Î -- LU co O) CD CD \r LU d lO FINANSIERINGSOVERSIGT BUDGETPOST: Bl - 16 BEVILLINGER: 799 mio. ECU (PB 98) 2. FORANSTALTNINGENS BETEGNELSE: Forslag til Rådets forordning om ændring af forordning (EØF) nr. 1873/84 om tilladelse til udbud eller afsætning til direkte konsum af visse indførte vine, som eventuelt har været underkastet andre ønologiske fremgangsmåder end de i forordning (EØF) nr. 822/87 omhandlede 3. RETSGRUNDLAG: Rådets forordning (EØF) nr. 822/87. FORMÅL: En etårig forlængelse af de importfaciliteter, der er indrømmet visse tredjelande, indtil den kommende ordning er indført. FINANSIELLE VIRKNINGER 12- MÅNEDSPERIODE INDEVÆRENDE REGNSKABSÅR (98) FØLGENDE REGNSKABSÅR (99) UDGIFTER, SOM AFHOLDES - OVER EF-BUDGETTET (RESTITUTION/INTERVENTION) - OVER DE NATIONALE BUDGETTER) - AF ANDRE 5. 0. 5. 1. 5. 0. 1. 5. 1. 1. 5. 2. OVERSLAG - UDGIFTER OVERSLAG - INDTÆGTER BEREGNING: Ingen finannsielle følger. 2000 2001 2002 2003 6. 0. ER FINANSIERING MULIG GENNEM BEVILLINGER OPFØRT UNDER DET PÅGÆLDENDE KAPITEL I DET LØBENDE BUDGET? ER FINANSIERING MULIG VED OVERFØRSEL MELLEM KAPITLER I DET LØBENDE BUDGET 6. 2. 6. 3. ER ET TILLÆGSBUDGET NØDVENDIGT? SKAL DER OPFØRES BEVILLINGER PÅ FREMTIDIGE BUDGETTER? BEMÆRKNINGER: Ingen finansielle følger. JA JA NEJ NEJ VI ISSN 0254-1459 KOM(97) 695 endelig udg. DOKUMENTER DA 02 03 10 Katalognummer : CB-CO-97-713-DA-C ISBN 92-78-29124-2 Kontoret for De Europæiske Fællesskabers Officielle Publikationer L-2985 Luxembourg 12


title: Second report from the Commission on the operation of the inspection arrangements for traditional own resources (for the period 1993-96)

eurovoc_concepts:
auditing
financial control
fraud against the EU
management audit
own resources

text: COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES + * + Brussels, 08. 12. 1997 COM(97)673 final SECOND REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION ON THE OPERATION OF THE INSPECTION ARRANGEMENTS FOR TRADITIONAL OWN RESOURCES (FOR THE PERIOD 1993 - 96) (Article 18(5) of Council Regulation (EEC, Euratom) No 1552/89 Contents INTRODUCTION 1. LEGAL FRAMEWORK 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 The "own resources" Decision Implementing regulation The rules governing inspections 2. HOW THE INSPECTION SYSTEM OPERATES AT COMMUNITY LEVEL Checks on legislative and administrative provisions Documentary checks 2. 1 2. 2 2. 3 Monitoring inspection activities in the Member States 2. 4 On-the-spot inspections in Member States 3. ON-THE-SPOT INSPECTIONS BY TH E COMMISSION IN 1993-96 3. 1 3. 2 Procedures and execution of on-the-spot inspections Summary of the main results of inspections 3. 2. 1 Comments on major malfunctions identified 3. 2. 2 Comments on specific instances of poor application of the regulations 3. 2. 3 The reasonably satisfactory operation of some regimes. 3. 3 Follow-up to Commission inspection measures 3. 4 3. 3. 1 Legislative aspects 3. 3. 2 Accounting aspects Results of other forms of inspection 3. 4. 1 Amounts written off 3. 4. 2 Monitoring the recovery of traditional own resources in cases of fraud and irregularities 4. ASSESSMENT OF HOW THE INSPECTION ARRANGEMENTS OPERATE 4. 1 4. 2 Changes to the system for collecting and inspecting traditional own resources General assessment and conclusions 4. 2. 1 Why inspections are necessary and what purpose they serve 4. 2. 2 Entry and customs status of goods at the Union's external borders 5. ANNEX 1 2 2 2 3 3 5 6 7 7 9 9 11 12 15 16 17 17 18 19 19 20 21 21 23 24 24 27 INTRODUCTION Every three years the Commission compiles a report for the European Parliament and the Council on the operation of the inspection system for Community resources, pursuant to Article 18(5) of Council Regulation (EEC, Euratom) No 1552/89 of 29 May 1989 implementing Decision 88/376/EEC/Euratom on the system of the Community's own resources1 ("Regulation No 1552/89"). The first report, concerning the period 1989-92, was submitted to the budgetary authority on 4 January 19942. This report presents an analysis and general assessment of the operation of the inspection system for traditional own resources between January 1993 and December 1996. In an attempt to provide a complete overview of inspections that took place over several years, especially as regards inward processing, generalised preferences and external Community transit, the Commission has decided to include in the report the results of the inspections carried out in 1996 and to outline follow-up action on the various cases up to the end of February 1997. The first part of this report explains its objectives and structure and presents the legal basis for the different inspection methods. The second part is a factual description of the inspection system operating at Community level, taken from the first report and amended where necessary. In the third part, the Commission gives a summary account both of the procedures and the results of the on-the-spot inspections carried out during the period. It also reports on the follow-up action to these inspections in terms of amendments to rules and accounting adjustments, and on the results of other inspection methods. The fourth part details the developments underway in the inspection system as a whole, before going on to evaluate the efficiency of the system. It also includes an assessment of the feasibility of carrying out unannounced inspections of the national administrations of the Member States3 and for the European Parliament4 provides an assessment of the situation regarding the entry and customs status of goods at the external borders of the Union. The report also has an annex listing the cases where Article 17(2) of Regulation No 1552/89 has been applied. OJI 155, 7. 6. 1989. p. 1. COM(93) 691 final lu. iixniifcinœ with the undertaking given bv the Commission when Council Regulation (EEC, Euratom) No 1355/96 was adopted amending Regulation No 1552/89 (OJ L 185,1 > 1988, p. 24). In response to the request made by the European Parliament during the discharge procedure in respect of the 1994 budget 1. LEGAL FRAMEWORK 1. 1 The "own resources" Decision From 1988 to 1994, the legal basis for the Communities' own resources system was provided by Council Decision 88/376/EEC, Euratom of 24 June 1988. Article 2(1) of this Decision defines the own resources that are entered in the budget of the Community. Traditional own resources (TOR) are defined as revenue from: a) levies, premiums, additional or compensatory amounts, additional amounts or factors and other duties established or to be established by the institutions of the Communities in respect of trade with non-member countries within the framework of the common agricultural policy, and also contributions and other duties provided for within the framework of the common organisation of the markets in sugar; b) Common Customs Tariff duties and other duties established or to be established by the institutions of the Communities in respect of trade with non-member countries and customs duties on products coming under the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community. On 1 January 1995, Council Decision 94/728/EC, Euratom of 31 October 1994,5 replaced the Decision of 24 June 1988 as the legal basis for the own resources system. 1. 2 Implementing regulation The legal arrangements for the implementation of Decision 88/376/EEC were created by Regulation No 1552/89, which establishes the principle of establishment of an entitlement to own resources (Article 2), the accounting rules for these resources (Article 6(2)) and the rules for making them available to the Commission (Article 10). This Regulation contains provisions governing the obligation of Member States to report to the Commission cases of fraud and irregularities they have detected, the aim being to monitor recovery procedures more closely in such cases (last subparagraph of Article 6(3)). In addition, it contains provisions relating to exemption from the obligation to make own resources available to the Commission (Article 17(2)); inspections (Article 18(2) and (3)) and the Advisory Committee on the Communities' own resources (Article 20). 6 An important amendment to this Regulation was made in July 1996. It is intended to: • define and clarify certain financial and accounting provisions, especially the criteria for establishing and making available the entitlement to own resources from sugar (automatic entry in Article 6(2)(a) of Regulation 1552/89) and the date the entitlement to TOR is established, especially in cases involving infringement proceedings; the "A" accounts, as specified in • simplify and streamline certain accounting procedures and • strengthen the anti-fraud measures and the monitoring arrangements available to the Commission. i) OJL 293. 12. 11. 1994, p. 9. Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1355/96, adopted on 13 June 1996, in force since 14 July 1996 3 - 1. 3 The rules governing inspections Council Regulation (EEC, Euratom, ECSC) No 165/74 of 21 January determining the powers and obligations of officials appointed by the Commission71974 hereafter referred to as "Regulation 165/74" applies to inspections carried out jointly with the national administrations of the Member States. 8 These joint inspections are concerned with the establishment, recording and making available of TOR. The officials appointed by the Commission are bound by professional confidentiality and subject to other obligations in the exercise of their powers of inspection. 2. HOW THE INSPECTION SYSTEM OPERATES AT COMMUNITY LEVEL The TOR system is subject to several types of control within the Commission: apart from the internal Commission audits carried out by the Directorate-General for Budgets in its capacity as authorising department for budget revenue, the system is monitored as regards the recovery of Community entitlements (Special report from the Financial Controller pursuant to Article 29(3) of the Financial Regulation) and as regards the safeguarding of the financial interests of the Community (Annual UCLAF report on the fight against fraud). The Commission is also required to reply to and take action on the observations made by the Court of Auditors regarding inspections carried out under Article 188a-c of the Treaty and the requests made by the European Parliament during the discharge procedure in respect of the execution of the budget. Since responsibility for collecting TOR is delegated to the Member States, their duties involve establishing entitlements to own resources, entering the amounts correctly in the accounts and making these resources available. The Commission, which is accountable to the budgetary authority for the management of TOR, must ensure that these tasks are being carried out in accordance with Community regulations. This interlinking of the Member States' and the Commission's responsibilities is a result of the current division of responsibilities among the institutions of the European Union. In this connection, as authorising body for revenue, the Commission9 carries out three types of inspection in addition to those that the Member States themselves are required to perform. These are: • checks on legislative and administrative provisions; • documentary checks; • on-the-spot inspections in the Member States. 7 OJ L 20, 24. 01. 1974, p. 1. 8 Under Article 18(2) of Council Regulation No 1552/89 9 The controls carried out by the Commission are only some of the inspections carried out by the Community institutions The Court of Auditors is empowered to carry out audits in this field and the European Parliament can also play an inspection role. The Community control and inspection arrangements for TOR, as put in place under Regulation No 1552/89 and implemented by the Commission, can be represented schematically as follows: Checks on legislation Analysis of Member States' provisions for establishing, collecting and making available traditional own resources (Art. 4(l)(b)) Monthly statement A accounts (Art. 6(2)(a))** Accounting information Quarterly statement B accounts (Ail 6(2)(h))** >| Anal, of statements and reports Summary account <>l" established entitlements -» annual report (Art. 7) Half-yearly report* on outcome of inspections in Member States (Art. 17(3)) Exemption from the obligation to place resources at the Commission's disposal in cases of force majeure or specific cases if amount exceeds ECU 10 000 (Art. 17(2)) Cases of fraud and irregularities involving entitlements of over ECU 10 000 (Art. 6(3), second subparagraph)*** Analysis of specific cases J Joint inspections (Art. 18(2)) Own inspections (Art. 18(3)) Documentary checks 1 u On-the-spot inspections in Member States With the entry into force of Regulation N° 1355/96, this became an annual report with effect from 14 July 1996. Article 6(3). following the entry into force of Regulation N° 1355/96. Article 6(4), following the entry into force of Regulation N° 1355/96. 5- The Commission undertakes various kinds of inspections. The aim is not to examine a representative sample, in numeric terms, of the volume of customs transactions (which amount to many millions in a year10) but to cover the various types of transaction which occur. As will can be seen, particularly in the description of the follow-up of the verifications, this activity although by necessity selective is not merely limited to specific checks on individual transactions but develops a systematic value in the following two ways - at the level of national customs systems the national authorities are informed of anomalies found and invited to make the necessary corrections to national procedures, practices and instructions which do not comply with community requirements - at community level the analysis across the various administrations of the standard of implementation of the regulations for a particular procedure or regime, may result in amendments to the community legislation The traditional own resources inspection system therefore depends in a large measure on the continuing interaction between the three major categories of inspection listed above: the inspection of systems operated locally, a systematic dialogue with national administrations and the examination of national procedures and accounting requirements. The Commission intends to add to this array. In co-operation with member states, the Commission is exploring the use of various risk analysis techniques to be defined at is to enable both the Commission and national community level. The intention administrations to better target and co-ordinate their inspections and to identify the actual risks posed by traders and by various categories of goods. 2. 1 Checks on legislative and administrative provisions Pursuant to Article 4(1 )(b) of Regulation No 1552/89, Member States are required to notify the Commission of the general laws, regulations and administrative and accounting provisions relating to the establishment, collection and making available to the Commission of TOR. They are also required to inform the Commission of any amendments to these provisions. If the Commission judges any national provisions to be inadequate to ensure the proper collection of TOR, it contacts the Member State in question with a view to rectifying the situation; as a rule this suffices to find solutions without having to have recourse to infringement proceedings. 10 18 million yearly operations for the transit regime only. -6 2. 2 Documentary checks The object of the documentary checks performed by the Commission is the analysis, for compliance with the rules, of accounting reports and statements and of the annual reports on the results of Member States' inspections. Article 6 of Regulation 1552/89 requires accounts for own resources to be kept by the Treasury or other body appointed in each Member State. Entitlements established in accordance with Article 2 of the Regulation, i. e. amounts due which have been notified to the debtor, are entered in these accounts. Each month11 the Member States send the Commission a statement of the established entitlements that have been entered in the A accounts. The Commission checks that the amounts credited by the Member State to the Treasury account; opened in its name correspond to those appearing in the monthly statement. If necessary, the Commission will contact the Member State concerned and make any corrections that are required by amending the statements and, where necessary, will charge interest on late payments. Under Article 6(2)(b) of Regulation No 1552/89, established entitlements that have not been entered in the A account because they have not yet been recovered and no security has been provided or because they have been challenged must be entered in a separate account, known as the "B account". All the amounts entered in these separate accounts are shown in quarterly statements sent to the Commission. 12 The Commission checks that each quarterly statement accords with the statement from the previous quarter, looking at entitlements established, corrections, cancellations and sums recovered in the course of the quarter covered by the statement. In the event of a discrepancy, the Commission contacts the Member State concerned to ascertain the reason. Under Article 17(2), Member States send the Commission half-yearly reports showing amounts written off These are cases where it proved impossible to recover the established entitlements, either because of force majeure or for special individual reasons. The Commission has six months in which to communicate any comments on such cases to the Member State concerned. If the Commission deems that the Member State has failed to take all the necessary precautions to safeguard the financial interests of the Community, the Member State may be held responsible and requested to make available to the Commission an amount equal to the non-recovered entitlements. If this amount is not made available by the agreed date, interest for late payment can be demanded. 1 ' The monthly statement of the A account must be submitted to the Commission, at the latest, by the first working day after the 19th day of the second month following the month in which the entitlement was established. 12 The quarterly statement of the B account must be submitted to the Commission, at the latest, by the first working day after the 19th day of the second month following the quarter in which the entitlement was established. By 1 May each year, the Member States are required by Article 7 of Regulation No 1552/89 to provide the Commission with a summary account of all the entitlements established in the previous year. This must be accompanied by a report on the establishment and entry into the accounts of own resources. The Commission evaluates the information in these reports, comparing it with other data from the different sources at its disposal. 2. 3 Monitoring inspection activities in the Member States Under Article 17(3) of Regulation No 1552/89, the Member States send the Commission a half-yearly report presenting the results of their own inspections. This report contains aggregate figures and the questions of principle relating to the main problems posed by application of Regulation No 1552/89, with particular reference to cases of litigation. This report also presents in detail the factors that prevented a Member State from making available to the Commission entitlements of over ECU 10 000 that were established but not recovered. Finally, the Commission monitors the Member States' anti-fraud activities in the field of TOR, on the basis of information it receives from these States. This information is mostly on cases of fraud reported to the Commission under the mutual assistance arrangements13 and under Article 6(3) of Regulation No 1552/89. Given the very large number of cases of fraud or irregularity involving amounts over ECU 10 000 that are reported to the Commission (more than 2 000 every year), the Commission has implemented a follow-up mechanism that involves processing all the "fraud reports", but with special attention given to a limited selection of "serious cases", which are monitored in detail until finally settled. As soon as the Commission learns that a case of fraud or irregularity involving a significant amount has been detected but not reported as required by Regulation No 1552/89, it reminds the Member State in question of its obligations as regards the protection of the financial interests of the Community. The Commission also gathers information from the Member States on the state of play regarding amounts established and any amounts recovered, or the reasons why recovery has not been effected. 2. 4 On-the-spot inspections in Member States the monitoring of national Although documentary checks and legislative and administrative provisions relating to TOR have their place among the instruments for verifying the application of the Community rules, no monitoring system could be properly effective and viable without the possibility of "on-the-spot" inspections. This provides the Commission with the opportunity to verify and, where necessary, tighten application of Community rules on TOR by the Member States, and to cross-check the conclusions deriving from the other forms of control. 13 Council Regulation (EEC) No 1468/81 (OJ L 144, 2. 6. 1981, p. 1). 8- The Commission operates two types of on-the-spot inspections, both carried out in close collaboration with national officials. The first is the ujoint inspection", which has been in existence since the Community own resources system was created by the Decision of 21 April 1970. Inspections of this type are carried out in accordance with the provisions of Regulations No 1552/89 and No 165/74. The Council later introduced a new method of inspection under Article 18(3) of Regulation No 1552/89: the "autonomous inspection", which is carried out on the sole initiative of the Commission. This type of inspection enables the Commission to act with the minimum delay when it has identified a need for an inspection targeted at a particular topic. The Commission itself decides the scope of the inspection and the locations involved. However, the assistance of the national administration concerned is sought in the arrangement and operation of the inspection particularly to obtain access to the necessary documents. The scope of autonomous inspections and general arrangements for their conduct were set out in a Commission statement entered in the Council minutes. In terms of procedure, the preparations for own inspections are similar to those for joint inspections, apart from the fact that Member States are not informed of the annual inspection programme. The inspection strategy initially involves analysing the extent to which the system in operation conforms to Community regulations from two points of view: action taken by the national administrations before the goods are released and the ex post inspection measures and/or the discharge of customs procedures. Subsequent to this analysis, the Commission officials carry out checks (either on a sample of documents or by inspecting all the documents individually, depending on the particular circumstances) to assess whether the system is functioning as it is designed to. All supporting documents must be made available to the appointed officials during the inspections. 9- 3. ON-THE-SPOT INSPECTIONS BY THE COMMISSION IN 1993-96 3. 1 Procedures and execution of on-the-spot inspections Certain procedures have been agreed in the interests of openness and clarity. At the end of each year, a detailed draft annual programme is drawn up in agreement with the competent national departments. The Commission informs all Member States of the final version of the programme via the Offices of the Permanent Representatives. Although prime responsibility for implementing this programme lies with DG XIX as authorising department, other Commission departments may be involved, depending mainly on the subject under investigation. The inspections must be carried out according to a clearly-defined procedure: • Approximately one month before each inspection mission, the Commission sends confirmation of the date of the inspection by post to the Office of the Permanent Representative of the Member State concerned and organises an internal coordination meeting between the different Commission departments involved, in order to clarify the targets for the inspection in question. • Each inspection in a Member State begins with a coordination and preparation meeting between the Commission officials and the national officials concerned. • After the inspection has taken place, a closing meeting is held, at which the competent authorities are informed of the results of the inspection; the Member State is formally notified of this information at the earliest possible opportunity. • Finally, the report is presented to the Advisory Committee on Own Resources14, a procedure which guarantees equal treatment for all Member States. After it has been scrutinised by this committee, the report is returned to the Commission, which takes a final position on it and notifies the Member State concerned. The Commission carried out a total of 81 inspections during the period under consideration (1993-96), broken down as follows {the first figure indicates the number of joint inspections, the second denotes the number of own inspections): Year B DK D EL E F IRL 1 L NL P UK A FIN s Total iw;< 1994 1995 1996 1/ 1/- 1/- 1/- l/- •71 1/ 1/1 1/1 1/- 21- 1/. 1/1 1/- 1/1 1/1 2/1 1/1 -12 1/1 1/- 1/1 1/- 2/1 1/- 1/1 1/- 1/- -/1 1/- 1/1 1/1 1/- 1/1 1/- -12 1/- 1/1 1/- 1/1 1/- 1/1 1/1 1/- 1/1 1/- 1/1 1/1 21- 1/- 12/5 13/9 13/7 16/6 1/- 1/- 1/- 1/- Total 41- 4/1 3/4 4/1 3/5 4/4 41- 5/3 41- 4/5 4/1 5/3 21- 21- 21- 54/27 '4 This Committee, which was set up by Article 20 of Regulation No 1552/89, is composed of representatives from the Member States and from ihe Commission 10 The results of the inspections carried out by the Commission are analysed in Part 3. 2. The table below shows the subjects inspected during the period 1993-96 and the Member States concerned: N° Subject EC/Andorra Agreement Postal packages Separate accounts Establishment, recording and making available of own resources Sugar levy Import of calves for fattening Ex-GDR transitional measures Inward processing Outward processing Member States concerned Eand F All Member States Year(s) 1994 1993,1994 B, D, EL, E, F, IR, 1, L, A, P, UK 1993 -1995 All Member States 1995, 1996 D,F,landNL 1993, 1994 1 D All Member States 1993 1993 1994-96 B, D, F, 1, L, NL, UK 1995, 1996 "POSEICAN" programme E 1993,1994, 1996 Generalised System of Preferences B, D, EL, E, IRL, 1 and UK 1993, 1995-96 All Member States D, F, 1, L, NL, UK 1994, 95, 96 1995, 1996 External Community Transit system Warehousing systems Repayment, recovery and centralisation Deferred payments Delays in making entitlements available as a result of strikes NL D P Write-offs AT containers B, D, EL, F, IR, 1, L, A, P D, NL, B Communication of fraud reports and mutual assistance forms B, IR, 1, E, EL, F 1994 1994 1993 1996 1996 1996 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10, 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 11 3. 2 Summary of the main results of inspections The 81 inspections carried out by the Commission during the period 1993-96 produced a total of 352 observations. This gives a broad picture of how the national administrations apply Community financial and customs regulations. Inspection results 93/96 Miscellaneous 22% CW/FZ 3% B accounts 6% Postal packages 4% Sugar 3% REM/REC 5% (The figures indicate the percentage of suspected anomalies accounted for by each area) IP CW/FZ OP GSP REM/REC Transit Inward processing Customs warehouses/Free zones Outward processing Generalised system of preferences Remission / recovery External Community transit Postal packages B accounts Sugar Recording in accounts of goods sent by post Separate accounts under Article 6(2) of Regulation 1552/89 Levies under the common organisation of sugar markets The inspections have resulted in the discovery of major malfunctions in some regimes, to the correction of the poor application of regulatory requirements in some specific cases and to the identification of reasonably satisfactory operation in some other regimes. - 12- 3. 2. 1 Comments on major malfunctions identified. In some instances these inspections have enabled the Commission to detect problems early. The full significance of these malfunctions has only been established later. • External community transit and TIR by For instance in the external community transit and TIR regimes the presence of grave deficiencies has been confirmed initiatives undertaken by other community institutions - particularly the first Commission of Enquiry of the European Parliament. 15 Inspections carried out in 1994, 1995 and 1996 in all Member States in the area of external Community transit and the TIR system brought to light 48 anomalies, primarily concerning delays in initiating the recovery process, often linked to the failure to discharge operations and deficiencies in the ex post control methods for transit documents. In all Member States, it was discovered that import duties on goods placed under this system were not entered in the accounts ex post after the expiry of the 14-month deadline specified in Article 379 of Regulation No 2454/93. A major difficulty was detected for the discharge of transit documents issued by certain Community customs offices for goods from non-member countries sent by sea to free zones situated in a sea port. The authorities which manage such zones do not require document T to be presented along with the goods. As regards comprehensive guarantees, the checks revealed several examples of irregular practices which offer no guarantee that the total amount of duties owed as own resources is actually covered. This was also the case as regards the calculation by the Danish administration of the flat-rate guarantee for goods that constitute a high fraud risk, such as cigarettes. Accounting data is currently being collected within the Member States with a view to assessing the financial implications for TOR of delays caused in the establishment of entitlements and determining the amounts of late payment interest due. • preferential tariff schemes In the field of preferential tariff schemes, the Commission continued the inspections based on Article 18 of Regulation No 1552/89 that were initiated in 1992. These complement the inspection activities it is carrying out as part of the follow-up to the observations made by the Court of Auditors, especially in its 1991 annual report. 16 1 s Mr Kellet-Bowmann's alarming report that four years after the removal of the Community's internal frontiers an frightening discrepancy exists between the community-wide organisation of international crime and the fragmentary nature of the various national administrative and legal systems This report was adopted by the Commission of Enquiry on the Community Transit system on 20 February 1997 etc made a number of recommendations to the Commission intended to ensure the proper working and security of the regime ^ The results of this follow-up action on cases involving amounts above a certain level and recovery cases following notifications made in the context of mutual assistance were dealt with in two reports on the recovery of TOR in cases of fraud or irregularity (COM(95) 398 final, 6. 9. 1995, and COM(97) 259/2, 9. 6. 1997). - 13 These inspections focused on compliance with the rules governing preferential import schemes, with particular attention paid to abuses involving falsified or invalid certificates, the minimum number of ex post inspections and the application of the rules on the automatic refusal to grant preferential tariff rights in cases where replies to ex. post inspection requests are not provided within the time allowed. The checks made revealed 64 anomalies, which, for the most part, were problems regarding the application of the rules on evidence of origin and the rules on administrative cooperation and mutual assistance. The results indicate that the main problem is the implementation of the ex post inspection procedure, the criteria for which are not interpreted uniformly. The analysis and conclusions drawn from it are set out in detail below and have already been the subject of a letter from, the Commission dated 23 July 1997. The separate or B account: In accordance with the undertakings given by the Commission in a report dated 4 January 1994 to carry out systematic, targeted inspections, 18 missions were carried out during the reference period in 11 Member States to verify, at local level, the arrangements made for keeping separate accounts. The minor anomalies detected in the course of these inspections were rectified, especially those irregular practices that caused delays in making available own resources. The powers of courts in some Member States can extend as far as refusing the establishment of TOR in disputed cases; or else the discharge of operations can be suspended indefinitely where the revenue officials responsible for enforced recovery fail to take action. In report 96. 6. 1, point 3. 2, the Commission pointed out that duties should not be entered in the separate account merely on the strength of a telephone call from the person liable challenging the establishment, and requested that the competent authorities provide a description of the procedures for cases in dispute. This issue has yet to be resolved. It also noted that in a port, before May 1995 (the date at which an electronic declaration system was installed), post clearance recovery notices did not constitute a genuine notification of the debt to the party liable. The authorities were requested to bring their procedures into line with the Community regulations and provide the Commission with the information necessary to determine the financial effects of the delayed entry into the accounts of the amounts collected since 1 January 1993. 14- The procedures for collecting TOR The procedures for establishing entitlements, entering them in the accounts and making them available were checked in all Member States in 1995 and 1996. Several cases of amounts not being established or being established very late where no special circumstances existed were detected in the Netherlands, Spain, Belgium and Italy. These defaults in the system, more often than not the result of poor communication between the customs authorities and inspection departments or the inadequacy of national procedures, prompted requests for corrections to be made and late payment interest to be paid. Other authorities were requested to review their procedures, in particular as regards ex post recovery, following an inquiry or in connection with out-of-court settlements as practised in the United Kingdom, and to provide the necessary information to enable the Commission to determine financial liability in cases when the party liable has not been notified by the authorities. Staying in the area of accounting for own resources the centralisation of aggregate deferred payments carried out by the Koblenz Bundeskasse (Trier office), starting from 1 January 1990, was checked by the Court of Auditors, which found serious delays in making own resources available. The Commission then developed a procedure for verifying the aggregate delays from the actual entry in the accounts, and thus extrapolated the amounts of late payment interest due. As regards the customs clearance procedure for postal packages, the 38 inspections carried out in all the Member States revealed that, as pointed out by the Court of Auditors in its 1991 Annual Report, the date on which these amounts were made available was not based on the date on which they were established but on the date the debt was entered in the accounts (aggregated at the beginning of the month following clearance). This practice, which was in violation of the accounting and financial provisions in force during the reference period, led to a request for late payment interest for the three years preceding the discovery of the anomaly and until such a time as the national accounting procedures are brought into line with Community regulations. Inward Processing Checks on the inward processing arrangements, focusing on the granting of authorisation, the application of economic conditions, equivalent compensation and the discharge of the procedure were carried out in all Member States in 1994, 1995 and 1996. A total of 109 one-off anomalies were detected. These anomalies demonstrate that the system must be reformed, for its uniform application is not guaranteed, which results in unequal treatment. Where there was no direct consequence for the Community budget, steps have been taken to bring the national provisions into line with Community rules. Where recovery was delayed because operations were not discharged, late payment interest has been demanded or is in the process of being calculated, after exchanges of information with the Member States concerned. The Court of Auditors also made fundamental comments on the system. - 15- 3. 2. 2 Comments on specific instances of poor application of the regulations The most common observations where those made as a result of specific cases of poor application of the regulations. These inspections provided a means to correct these individual errors and where they had affected the community budget to request the payment of interest on delays. Those benefits do not include the solutions which have been introduced at the regulatory level and which are outlined below. • The procedures for establishing and paying the sugar levy were inspected four times at both local and central level during the period in question; these inspections uncovered certain one-off anomalies, although none had any financial relevance, except in one Member State where appropriate checks are being made. • The customs warehousing system was inspected in six countries in 1995 and 1996. The results of the inspections revealed some instances of late recovery and management deficiencies with possible financial implications. Inspections in this area will continue in future years. • The application of the temporary import system for containers was checked in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands in 1996. The Commission noted the lack of real controls on the duration of stay of containers and urged the Member States to meet their obligations in this respect. • The inspections in 1993, 1994 and 19% of the application of the specific tariff-based measures to promote the Canary Islands under the POSEICAN programme (Programme of options specific to the remote and insular nature of the Canary Islands)17 uncovered some anomalies, particularly as regards the collection of anti-dumping duties and the implementation of common commercial policy measures. The Commission is currently considering the question of certain anti-dumping duties that have not been collected. • Following a mission to Portugal in May 1993, and on the basis of observations made by the Court of Auditors, the Commission examined the effect of two strikes by customs officials on the making available of TOR. The simplified procedure system adopted by the Portuguese administration in order to maintain the flow of goods was inspected in detail and it was demonstrated that the delays in establishing entitlements up to the end of the strike were acceptable. A method was devised for fixing a notional date for making TOR available to the Commission and for calculating late payment interest on aggregate declarations. • As a result of the inspections carried out, solutions were found to the technical flaws in the application of the EC/Andorra Agreement. Steps have been taken to make the necessary corrections. A new customs clearance procedure has since been put in place, transferring to the Andorran authorities the responsibility for clearance of goods bound for the Principality. Ilu> mSUOAN programme w;i:; initialed on tho basis of Article 9 ol Council Regulation (ŒC) No 1911/91 (OJ L 1/1, 29 6 1991), whirl temiinated the derogations for the Oanaty Islands that were provided for in the Spanish Act of Accession 16 • Cases of failure to submit fraud reports and mutual assistance forms, in violation of Article 6(3) of Regulation No 1552/89 were detected in several Member States; specific observations were made, some of them relating to the interpretation of the rules. Apart from these one-off shortcomings, the substantial deficiencies that were detected in the management of the transit procedure and the implementation of the mutual assistance measures were dealt with in much more detail, as discussed in the next section. • Individual cases of delays in making available own resources in certain cases of payment by instalments and periodic aggregate declarations were noted, leading to demands for late payment interest and requests to bring accounting procedures into line with Community rules. • Monitoring of incomplete declarations was the target of inspections in a number of countries. They revealed that four Member States (Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Ireland) have installed electronic customs clearance systems, which release importers from the obligation to submit supporting documents such as invoices or preferential certificates in addition to the customs declarations. Commission departments are currently examining this phenomenon, taking as a principle that the Community's financial interests can effectively be safeguarded, in particular where preferential arrangements are concerned. • Inspections in the Netherlands in 1994 looked at the application of the rules concerning repayment, recovery and centralisation, especially as for those cases where decisions are taken by the Member States themselves. The outcome was a demand for late payment interest in addition to the recovery of the duty involved. 3. 2. 3. The reasonably satisfactory operation of some regimes. The inspections enabled the Commission to establish the reasonably satisfactory operation of some regimes • The outward processing arrangements were inspected in seven Member States in 1995 and 1996. Apart from certain deficiencies in the monitoring of operations and the issuing of authorisations, few anomalies were detected; the national administrations were requested to correct those that had budgetary implications. • The inspections carried out by the Commission enabled it to satisfy itself that certain specific arrangements were operating correctly. One such system is that for imports of calves for fattening, under which importers qualify for a reduced levy; during an inspection in Italy in 1993, the Commission ascertained that the basic rules were being observed. The temporary measures applicable in the territories of the former (il)R, which allow certain Eastern European countries to continue to enjoy preferential tari lis, were extended until 1994. The measures were verified at both local and central level in 1993, and the Commission was able to rectify certain minor anomalies and otherwise satisfy itself that the system was being implemented in compliance with Community regulations. 17 3. 3. Follow-up to Commission inspection measures 3. 3. 1 Legislative aspects Where it has found flaws or loopholes in national regulations or administrative provisions, the Commission has systematically asked the Member States concerned to bring their rules into line with Community requirements. Such adjustments, which have been made in both customs law and the financial field, are another appreciable spin-off from inspections. Commission inspections are also an important source of information on the way in which Member States apply the rules, particularly in the customs field, and can be of use to the Commission departments responsible for the legislation. • As a result of Commission inspections, national rules on establishing and making available own resources in respect of the customs clearance of postal parcels have been adapted to bring them into line with Community legislation. The lack of consistency between the concepts of entry in the accounts and establishment of entitlements, which the Court of Auditors identified in its annual report for 1991, has been resolved following the entry into force of Council Regulation No 1355/96 amending Regulation No 1552/89. in Regulation (EEC) No 2454/93 laying down provisions for the implementation of the Community Customs Code favour the use of a single entry in the accounts. This simplification of the establishment of own resources allows the national authorities to be considered the declarant or, where applicable, the debtor. The rules on postal traffic contained • The inward processing arrangements also attracted comments from the Court of Auditors in its annual report for 1995. Existing procedures clearly need to be reviewed, given the flaws that have been detected in the granting of authorisations, the application of economic conditions and equivalent compensation, and the discharge arrangements. In 1996 the Commission adopted a report on the operation and future shape of the inward processing arrangements18 and is now evaluating the results of consultations with industry at a seminar in September 1996 on tailoring customs arrangements to the needs to businesses. 18 Communication No 96/C 194/07, OJ C 194, 5 7. 1996, p. 6. 18- • As regards the preferential schemes, it was found that application of the system for withdrawing tariff advantages from beneficiary countries which fail to reply in time or do not provide satisfactory answers was hampered by differences between the Member States' interpretations of the concept of "justified suspicion", and the lack of Community rules on the subject. This concept is important for the defence of the Community's financial interests. After examining the problem, the Commission will shortly be publishing explanatory notes on the protocols on the rules of origin in the Europe Agreements so that firms have a clearer idea of how to interpret certain parts of these protocols. • Turning to the external Community transit procedure, in particular delays in initiating recovery, all the Member States - except France and Luxembourg, where the time-limits laid down in Community legislation are generally observed - have been asked to check that Article 379 of the Provisions implementing the Code is applied in all customs offices over a period of three years. The Commission considers that in cases where operations are not discharged or there are doubts as to the place where an infringement took place - problems that are often caused by a lack of diligence by the office of destination or delays in launching inquiries - it is up to the Member State of departure to take the necessary measures, i. e. to notify the guarantor of absence of discharge by the prescribed deadline and to enter the debt in the accounts against the principal. Failure to take such measures may result in financial liability. 3. 3. 2'. Accounting aspects Over the reference period (1993-96), additional entitlements (principal amounts) totalling ECU 64 636 72619 were identified and paid to the Commission following comments it made in reports on independent or joint inspections. Nearly 98% of this sum is accounted for by an adjustment in respect of Community transit operations in just one Member State. Interest for late payment was also charged for delays in making available traditional own resources detected during Commission inspections. Over the period 1993-96, interest for late payment, paid or still owed by Member States, totalled ECU 26 395 213. 19 Of this total, ECU I 234 84919 is due as a result of observations by the Court of Auditors in its annual reports, on which the Commission has taken financial action, and over 80% relates to penalty interest in connection with aggregated deferred payments in a single office. It must be stressed that these figures are still incomplete, since the establishment of entitlements as a result of Commission inspections depends on national procedures for collecting the necessary accounting information. •'rovisional figure at 20 August 1997 19 3. 4 Results of other forms of inspection It is therefore plain that on-the-spot checks can uncover problems in national collection systems. However, there is a great deal of synergy between different inspection methods. On-the-spot checks are generally targeted on the basis of other forms of inspection and are a way of confirming the initial conclusions of the latter. 3. 4. 1 Amounts written off The number of reports received from Member States on cases where amounts were written off under Article 17(2) of Regulation (EEC) No 1552/89 was much lower than expected. Indeed it was so low as to suggest that this provision is not being applied uniformly. Reports were received from only five Member States (France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom). The German authorities subsequently informed the Commission that, in view of the German legislation on long periods of limitation, some cases had been reported by mistake and were now being withdrawn. The action taken on the 32 cases actually reported to the Commission over the period 1993-96 (involving a total of ECU 8 762 001) is described in a table in the Annex. It shows that Germany withdrew four cases (involving ECU 401 316) in which attempts at recovery are still being made and the United Kingdom cancelled one case reported by mistake (involving ECU 23 103). The Commission has examined the remaining 27 cases - involving a total of ECU 8 337 582 - to determine whether the Member States concerned showed sufficient diligence in attempting to recover entitlements. The general outcome is as follows: Art. 17. 2: Cases handled (by number) Art. 17. 2: Cases handled (by value) Lack of diligence ^ 37% Under scrutiny 37% Lack of diligence 53% Under scrutiny 43% Sufficient diligence 26% Sufficient diligence 4% 20 In more detail: a) in 10 cases, a lack of diligence was found: 1 case was rejected as inadmissible; in 2 cases payments were made; in 2 cases a suspected infringement form was drawn up; 5 cases were confirmed after being challenged and payment was requested. 10 cases are still under scrutiny. in 7 cases, the authorities were found to have acted with diligence. b) c) Amounts at stake (ECU) % of total amount % of number of cases 4428 487 356 381 95 883 488 162 53. 1 % 4. 3 % 1. 1% 5. 9 % 37% 3. 7% 7. 4% 7. 4% 3 488 061 41. 8% 18. 5% 3 550 966 358 129 42. 6 % 4. 3 % 37% 26% These figures show that, subject to the cases still under scrutiny, the national authorities failed to take proper action in more than one third of the cases reported and that relatively large sums were involved in these cases (53% of the total value). National authorities could usefully concentrate their efforts on recovering entitlements in cases where the financial stakes are high. Although these results only cover reports submitted by a minority of Member States, they point to real, substantive problems in the collection measures employed by national authorities and in the uniform application of the whole system. In response to this worrying state of affairs, the Commission has since adopted a number of measures which are described in detail below. 3. 4. 2 Monitoring the recovery of traditional own resources in cases of fraud and irregularities The Commission has presented the budgetary authority with two reports on its monitoring of Member States' anti-fraud activities for 1994, covering respectively 70% and 30% of amounts evaded in cases of fraud and irregularities reported to the Commission between the first half of 1989 and the first half of 1993. 20 The first report, based on a sample of cases involving amounts over ECU 500 000, included a statistical analysis, which revealed that large-scale fraud tended to revolve around certain agricultural products, chiefly from Eastern Europe, and that the most common types of fraud were removal from the transit procedure and false declarations on release for free circulation. Where fraud involved industrial goods - mainly textile products, hi-fi recording equipment and TV sets from South-East Asia - there was a wider spread both in the number of cases and in the amounts at stake. The report found that, because of the complexity of the cases in question, only a tiny proportion of amounts were recovered and recovery rates varied from one Member State to another. 20 Commission reports on the recovery of traditional own resources in cases of fraud and irregularities (sample A94 - COM(95) 398 final, sample B94 - COM(97) 259/3, presented on 6 September 1995 and 9 June 1997). 21 The "B94" report covered the Commission's monitoring - up to final clearance - of six particularly difficult cases involving over ECU 124 million in entitlements. Three of these cases are the subject of debate between the Commission and the Member States, and in one case the Commission has issued a reasoned opinion under the Article 169 procedure. During the first half of 1997 the Commission rejected requests from a number of Member States for remission or repayment in respect of imports of Turkish television sets. As a result of these rejections, actions have been brought before the Court of First Instance. Both reports concluded that the low recovery rates are due to the sophisticated nature of cross-border fraud and the complexity of certain agreements with non-member countries. However, the reports also highlight the unsuitability of national recovery procedures and the disparities between them, the slowness of legal proceedings and the lack of cooperation between Member States under the mutual assistance arrangements. 4. ASSESSMENT OF HOW THE OPERATE INSPECTION ARRANGEMENTS 4. 1 Changes to the system for collecting and inspecting traditional own resources In general, the lack of consistency in reports submitted by the Member States tends to obscure their inspection and fraud-prevention efforts. A number of improvements to the Commission's information system have been agreed with the Member States. On 20 March 1997 the Commission adopted a decision designed to make reports more consistent by introducing standard models for the monthly and three-monthly statements of accounts for traditional own resources, the description of fraud and irregularities involving more than ECU 10 000 and the annual report mentioned above. From 1997 - i. e. for the 1996 financial year - Member States will draw up a single report on the outcome of their inspections, rather than two half-yearly reports, in accordance with the new, amended version of Article 17(3) of Council Regulation No 1552/89. The new summary report to be sent to the Council and Parliament in the course of 1997 should give the budgetary authority a clearer picture of the Member States' activities in this field. Improvements are expected in the recovery of traditional own resources in cases of fraud and irregularities when a new programme for collecting and transmitting electronic data on fraud and irregularities ("Ownres") comes into operation at the end of 1997. It will enable fraud reports to be incorporated automatically and updated, in particular - and this is its most novel feature - in connection with recovery. 22 The uneven application of the Article 17(2) mechanism, which was also highlighted by the Court of Auditors, detracts from the transparency and fairness of the traditional own resources system. Following discussions under phase III of the SEM 2000 (Sound and Efficient Management) programme, the Commission put forward a proposal on 3 July 1997 for an amendment to Council Regulation (EEC) No 1552/89 aimed at tightening up the procedure for write-offs, which applies to entitlements not recovered by a set deadline, and helping the Commission make a fair assessment of the diligence shown by Member States. 21 This proposal will also increase Member States' liability for amounts found to be irrecoverable as a result of an administrative error by their authorities. The Commission is to propose changes to the existing rules on the external Community transit procedure (Articles 378 and 379 of the Provisions implementing the Customs Code), in particular concerning the definition of the customs authority responsible for recovery in cases where the principal provides evidence of the place where the infringement occurred, and the amendment of Directive 76/308/EEC regarding mutual assistance22 for the recovery of claims. The question of transport by sea to free zones will be settled under the new Community transit arrangements. The Commission is taking a general look at the administration of the preferential tariff arrangements, in addition to the problems outlined above. It has presented a communication analysing the reasons why these arrangements have not operated properly. This communication addresses the aspects of legal certainty, the recovery of own resources, the fight against fraud and the effectiveness of the Union's commercial policy. 23 It sets out a plan of action designed to find solutions to the problems arising in this area, more especially the problems encountered in the recovery of own resources. As regards the actual organisation of inspections, on 10 January 1997 the Commission adopted a proposal for a Council Regulation replacing Regulation No 165/74. The new proposal, which is designed to take account of legislative and administrative changes,24 was laid before the Council and Parliament on 28 January 1997. 25 '' mM(97) 343 final, 3. 7. 1997. '''' rin-. ié proposals are contained in the Commission communication "Action plan for transit in Europe A new customs policy" (COM(97) 188 final, points 4 4 ? and 4 4 3 of the Annex "Assifjnino liability for customs debt fairly, m a way that protects the various financial interests involved" and Sli. Minlininii debt recovery pioceduies", pp 7>\ and '«'4) •M iU)M(i)/) 40',' lin. il, Z< / 1ÏK»/, in u»v;poiu;n to tho loqueul by tho (. '. ounr. il in lis Decision of i!8 19!)b\()JC 1/0, p 1 •'', 1 hose charujes were announced in the Commission's first report on the functioning of the inspection arrangements (COM(93) 691 final, p 38) 25 COM(96) 717 final and COM(96) 717 final/2 (corrigendum). 23 The proposal brings together in a single text the implementing provisions for the two inspection procedures open to the Commission - joint inspections with the Member States under Regulation No 165/74 and the on-the-spot checks it conducts on its own initiative under Regulation No 1552/89. It also provides for the Commission to give inspection mandates not only to its own established officials, but also to other staff (temporary staff or national experts on secondment), along the same lines as Council Regulation (Euratom, EC) No 2185/96 of 11 November 1996 on on-the-spot checks and inspections carried out by the Commission in order to protect the European Communities' financial interests against fraud and other irregularities. 26 Acting on the commitment it made at the interinstitutional consultations preceding the amendment of Regulation No 1552/89, the Commission has examined Parliament's proposal for the introduction of unannounced own resources inspections of national government departments. Through its contacts with national government departments, the Commission has established that opposition to such a provision in the Council is almost unanimous. However, it must be said that similar provisions have been introduced for the purpose of protecting the Union's financial interests, under the supervision of UCLAF. 27 The introduction of such a system - in a field where unannounced inspections have an obvious purpose - has answered many of the well-founded concerns expressed by MEPs about cases of serious administrative anomalies requiring direct intervention. Under the present rules on independent Commission inspections (Article 18(3) of Regulation No 1552/89), the Commission must give advance warning, but it is authorised to intervene at relatively short notice in exceptional circumstances. Such intervention can be compared to an unannounced inspection. However, if the Commission is to give a proper appraisal of national inspection arrangements, it must prepare the ground, acting in close cooperation with national government departments. On the basis of past experience, the Commission believes that the degree of cooperation it has established with Member States is such that it can virtually guarantee that appropriate action will be taken in the event of any serious malfunction that has financial implications. 26 OJI 292, 1511 19Q8,p2 71 :Uv m pruneau Conned ReçudataiH ft'uratom. I'C) No 2186796, ( )J I 292, 15 11 1996, p 2 24 4. 2 General assessment and conclusions 4. 2. 1 Why inspections are necessary and what purpose they serve Whenever action needs to be taken with regard to the practical operation of the traditional own resources system, the Commission has a whole armoury of different measures to draw on: it can make one-off corrections, request that appropriate instructions be given to remedy shortcomings in national procedures and practices or, in the case of persistent malfunctions, clarify the interpretation of Community legislation and work towards improving it. As this report has shown, the Commission makes full use of all the means at its disposal. Given the level of resources which can reasonably be allocated to inspections of the traditional own resources system, these measures are fairly effective. The most visible effects are the financial corrections it makes where legislation has been applied incorrectly, and the collection of interest for late payment to offset the loss of revenue incurred. Moreover, inspections are still the best way of checking that customs legislation is properly enforced and identifying any problems that crop up. The report gives several examples where results have given rise to proposals designed to simplify and restructure the legislative framework. As far as the future is concerned, the Commission's inspection activities will clearly be justified for as long as the own resources system exists in its present form. The specific checks performed by the authorising officer under Regulation No 1552/89, both in scrutinising own resources (Article 18) and analysing information sent by the Member States on the organisation of their inspections (Article 4(1) of the Regulation) and the results of these inspections (Article 17(3)) give us a good understanding of the real situation on the ground and a fairly precise picture of the system for collecting own resources. The Commission intends to lay particular emphasis on the accounting treatment given to amounts evaded and irregularities and on the various stages of recovery, i. e. the establishment, entry in the accounts and making available of entitlements. It also intends to add to the control measures already applied in connection with the TIR. 4. 2. 2 Entry and customs status of goods at the Union's external borders On the basis of information obtained during the inspection activities described in this report, the Commission is able to answer the request made by Parliament28 concerning the entry and customs status of goods at the Union's external borders, following the observations made by the Court of Auditors in its annual report for 1994. The following paragraphs constitute the Commission's official reply. :iiling of 1 / April 1996 and as partof the discharge procedure in respect ot the 1994 general budget -25 When goods enter Community customs territory, the departments responsible carry out documentary checks as well as inspections under customs legislation. As part of its own resources inspections and its analysis of information sent by Member States, the Commission examines whether these checks are properly carried out. Taking into account the comments made above, the results of the Commission's inspections show that, in general, the checks carried out by customs authorities on the entry of goods are of an acceptable standard, given the huge number of basic transactions that take place each year - in the region of several hundred million, all customs procedures and destinations combined. The Commission has noted- that Member States increasingly decide on the detailed inspection arrangements to be applied (at customs clearance or post-clearance) on the basis of the trade flows in question and the administrative set-up of their departments. This explains why inspection techniques differ from one Member State to another. The Commission believes that by developing risk-analysis methods this state of affairs can be remedied and targeted controls made more effective. The Commission has already responded by adopting certain measures designed to offer the Community's financial interests a high level of protection, in the absence of internal borders, by ensuring that the procedures and inspections applied to imports of goods are equally effective throughout the Community customs territory. In this context, European Parliament and Council Decision No 210/97/EC of 19 December 1996 adopting an action programme for customs in the Community (Customs 2000)29 laid down a clear legal framework for measures already undertaken, in particular the monitoring operations on Member States in 1994, which were aimed at examining the procedures for inspecting sea borders and free zones. Other initiatives to be implemented under this programme include the computerisation of customs departments at Community level, essential for the rationalisation of procedures, and the development of guidelines in the field of risk analysis. On this last point, the Commission, in close cooperation with the Member States' customs authorities, is studying the possibility of establishing common principles for applying these techniques at Community level. 30 It also hopes to define common criteria for permitting operators to use simplified procedures as well the targeting and co-ordination of controls. It is also planning to draw up Community-wide "risk profiles". i\ll X\ 4 2 199/ 1 lu* initial lesults aie being studied by the special at/ hoc sub gioup on internal audit set up by the Advisory Committee on Own Resources under phase III of the "Sound financial management" initiative 26 The aim of checks on the customs status of goods presented at customs is to prevent non-Community goods being granted the status of goods in free circulation resulting in a failure to collect own resources. Inspections by the Commission and the Court of Auditors have revealed that, in the case of goods transported by sea and - in certain simplified external transit procedures - by air or sea31, the present procedure has a number of shortcomings and does not really guarantee that own resources will be collected. To remedy this state of affairs, Member States have been asked for additional information on anomalies which might have an impact on the Community budget. At its meeting in February 1995, the Community Customs Committee - Transit Section adopted administrative arrangements for the ex post inspection of such procedures, which should improve the situation. The Commission is also considering a draft amendment of the regulations to simplify the procedures applied to the transit of non-Community goods by sea and tighten controls on the customs status of such goods. This measure also forms part of the action plan for transit adopted by the Commission on 30 April 1997 and sent to the budgetary authority. 32 *. This report is one of several which the Commission has laid before the budgetary authority on the inspections it carries out on revenue, including the summary of the Member States' annual reports on the results of their inspections under Article 17(3) of Regulation No 1552/89, the special report of the Financial Controller under Article 29(3) of the Financial Regulation and UCLAF's annual report on the fight against fraud. Mention should also be made of the reports on action taken to follow up comments by Parliament. More generally, these reports supplement the accounting and budgetary information which the Commission is required to supply under Article 78 of the Financial Regulation, in particular the consolidated revenue and expenditure account containing a statement of established own resources by Member State and an annex showing potential entitlements relating to fraud and irregularities. The next report on the functioning of the inspection arrangements for traditional own resources will cover the period 1997-99 and appear in first half of the year 2000. 31 Articles 314 ff. of the provisions implementing the Code. 32 COM (97) 188 final. - 2 7- ANNEX Application of Article 17(2) of Regulation No 1552/89 Reference Member Reasons given for release Entitlements Commission position Status of case period State from obligation (half-year) at stake (ECU) 1st half 1993 D Firm wound up 15 250 Rejection Case withdrawn by D UK Case reported by mistake 23105 Cancellation Closed '2nd half 1993 D Bankruptcy 48 329 Information requested Case withdrawn by D Debtor insolvent 18 734 Information requested Case withdrawn by D NL UK Bankruptcy Bankruptcy Bankruptcy 25 350 Sufficient diligence Closed 19114 Lack of diligence Amount paid. Closed 14021 Sufficient diligence Closed 1s1 half 1994 D Circumstances to be explained 319 003 Information requested Case withdrawn by D NL Bankruptcy 62 894 Sufficient diligence Closed Bankruptcy 44 744 Sufficient diligence Closed Firm ceased trading 136135 Sufficient diligence Closed UK Trader ceased business 37 344 Lack of diligence UK refuses to pay. Suspected infringement form drawn up. Liquidation 76 769 Lack of diligence Amount paid. Closed 2nd half 1994 1st half 1995 E F E NL UK Trader ceased business 37151 Sufficient diligence Closed Debtor insolvent 902 857 Lack of diligence In progress Liquidation 37 834 Sufficient diligence Closed Debtor insolvent 1 555 753 Further information requested In progress Debtor insolvent 401345 Further information requested In progress Circumstances to be explained 675 227 Information requested. In progress Bankruptcy 450 818 Lack of diligence UK does not accept Commission's position I Jnder review ^iwlhf ill 1995 UK Bankruptcy 1 802 954 Information requested In progress Bankruptcy 576 925 Lack of diligence UK does not accept Commission's position Under review Bankruptcy Bankruptcy 481 063 Information requested In progress 116 862 Lack of diligence Bankruptcy 88 463 Lack of diligence Subtotal 25 cases reported 7 968 042 UK does not accept Commission's position Under review UK does not accept Commission's position Under review - 28 Reference Member Reasons given for release Entitlements Commission position Status of case period State from obligation (half-year) at stake (ECU) Subtotal 25 cases reported 7 968 042 1st half 1996 UK Debtor insolvent 356 381 Inadmissible UK reply expected 2nd half 1996 NL Bankruptcy 138 953 Information requested open 1996 (whole year) F Debtor insolvent 215 995 Under scrutiny open Bankruptcy Bankruptcy Bankruptcy 10 777 Under scrutiny 23 830 Under scrutiny 36112 Under scrutiny Debtor insolvent 11911 Under scrutiny B DK open open open open Total 1993/96 32 cases reported 8 762001 Art. 17(2) Number of cases by Member State 1993/96 Number of cases ISSN 0254-1475 COM(97) 673 final DOCUMENTS EN 09 Catalogue number : CB-CO-97-689-EN-C ISBN 92-78-28742-3 Office for Official Publications of the European Communities L-2985 Luxembourg M


title: Verordnung (EG) Nr. 2465/97 des Rates vom 8. Dezember 1997 über die Aussetzung bestimmter wirtschaftlicher Beziehungen zu Sierra Leone


title: Rådets forordning (EF) nr. 2445/97 af 8. december 1997 om fastsættelse for fangstsæsonen 1998 af orienteringspriserne for de i litra A, D og E i bilag I til forordning (EØF) nr. 3759/92 anførte fiskerivarer

eurovoc_concepts:
fishery product
guide price
marketing standard
product quality


title: Regolamento (CE) n. 2446/97 del Consiglio dell'8 dicembre 1997 che fissa, per la campagna di pesca 1998, i prezzi d'orientamento dei prodotti della pesca elencati nell'allegato II del regolamento (CEE) n. 3759/92

eurovoc_concepts:
fishery product
frozen product
guide price
marketing standard


title: Rådets förordning (EG) nr 2447/97 av den 8 december 1997 om fastställande för fiskeåret 1998 av gemenskapens producentpris för tonfisk avsedd för industriell framställning av produkter som hänför sig till KN-nr 1604


title: KOMISSION ASETUS (EY) N:o 2434/97, annettu 8 päivänä joulukuuta 1997, tuonnin kiinteistä arvoista tiettyjen hedelmien ja vihannesten tulohinnan määrittämiseksi

eurovoc_concepts:
agri-monetary policy
citrus fruit
fruit vegetable
import price
perennial vegetable
pip fruit


title: Rådets förordning (EG) nr 2446/97 av den 8 december 1997 om fastställande för fiskeåret 1998 av orienteringspriserna för de fiskeprodukter som räknas upp i bilaga II i förordning (EEG) nr 3759/92


title: Komission asetus (EY) N:o 2432/97, annettu 8 päivänä joulukuuta 1997, tuontijärjestelmän soveltamista koskevista yksityiskohtaisista säännöistä ja tariffikiintiöiden avaamisesta maito- ja maitotuotealalla annetun asetuksen (EY) N:o 1600/95 muuttamisesta

eurovoc_concepts:
import licence
milk
milk product
tariff quota


title: Règlement (CE) n° 2433/97 de la Commission du 8 décembre 1997 modifiant le règlement (CEE) n° 1102/89 fixant certaines mesures d'application du règlement (CEE) n° 1101/89 du Conseil relatif à l'assainissement structurel dans la navigation intérieure

eurovoc_concepts:
fund (EU)
industrial restructuring
inland waterway fleet
inland waterway shipping
vessel