title: 98/190/ΕΚ: Απόφαση της Επιτροπής της 14ης Ιανουαρίου 1998 σχετικά με διαδικασία εφαρμογής του άρθρου 86 της συνθήκης ΕΚ [Υπόθεση IV/34.801 (FAG - Flughafen Frankfurt/Main AG)] (Το κείμενο στη γερμανική γλώσσα είναι το μόνο αυθεντικό) (Κείμενο που παρουσιάζει ενδιαφέρον για τον ΕΟΧ)

eurovoc_concepts:
Germany
air transport
dominant position
infringement of EU law
provision of services

text: L 72/30 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 11. 3. 98 EPITQOPG APOVASG TGS EPITQOPGS tgr 14gr Iamouaq˜iou 1998 swetij ˜a le diadijas˜ia evaqloc ˜gr tou ˜aqhqou 86 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ [Up ˜ohesg IV/34. 801 (FAG — Flughafen Frankfurt/Main AG)] (To je˜ilemo stg ceqlamij ˜g ck ˜yssa e˜imai to l ˜omo auhemtij ˜o) (Je˜ilemo pou paqousi ˜afei emdiav ˜eqom cia tom EOW) (98/190/EJ) G EPITQOPG TYM EUQYPA˘IJYM JOIMOTGTYM, I. TA PQACLATIJA PEQISTATIJA ˜Ewomtar up ˜oxg: A. O AEQOKILEMAS TGS VQAMJVOUQTGS tg sumh ˜gjg cia tgm ˜idqusg tgr Euqypaˇij ˜gr Joim ˜otgtar, tom jamomisl ˜o aqih. 17 tou Sulbouk˜iou, tgr 6gr Vebqoua- q˜iou 1962, pq ˜yto jamomisl ˜o evaqloc ˜gr tym ˜aqhqym 85 jai 86 tgr sumh ˜gjgr (1), ˜opyr tqopopoi ˜ghgje tekeuta˜ia ap ˜o tgm pq ˜ang pqosw ˜yqgsgr tgr Austq˜iar, tgr Sougd˜iar jai tgr Vimkamd˜iar, jai id˜iyr to ˜aqhqo 3, tgm jataccek˜ia g opo˜ia upobk ˜ghgje stgm Epitqop ˜g stir 20 Iouk˜iou 1993 ap ˜o tir etaiqe˜ier KLM Royal Dutch Airlines NV, Air France Company Nationale SA jai British Airways plc s ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 3 tou jamomislo ˜u aqih. 17, le tgm opo˜ia jake˜itai ma diapist ˜ysei ˜oti g etaiqe˜ia Flughafen Frankfurt/Main AG paq ˜ebg to ˜aqhqo 86 tgr sumh ˜gjgr, tgm ap ˜ovasg tgr Epitqop ˜gr, tgr 10gr Lai¨ou 1994, ma jim ˜g- sei tg diadijas˜ia stgm paqo ˜usa up ˜ohesg, Avo ˜u ˜edyse stgm emdiaveq ˜olemg epiwe˜iqgsg tgm eujaiq˜ia ma cmystopoi ˜gsei tir ap ˜oxeir tgr ep˜i tym aiti ˜aseym tgr Epitqop ˜gr s ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 19 paq ˜acqavor 1 tou jamomislo ˜u aqih. 17 jai tou jamomislo ˜u aqih. 99/63/EOJ tgr Epitqop ˜gr, tgr 25gr Iouk˜iou 1963, peq˜i tym ajqo ˜aseym pou pqobk ˜epomtai sto ˜aqhqo 19 paq ˜acqavoi 1 jai 2 tou jamomislo ˜u aqih. 17 tou Sulbouk˜iou (2), juq˜iyr jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia tqi ˜ym ajqo ˜aseym, Let ˜a ap ˜o diabo ˜ukeusg le tg sulboukeutij ˜g epitqop ˜g sulpq ˜aneym jai despofous ˜ym h ˜eseym, Ejtil ˜ymtar ˜oti: (1) EE 13 tgr 21. 2. 1962, s. 204/62. (2) EE 127 tgr 20. 8. 1963, s. 2268/63. (1) (2) (3) (4) A. 1. Flughafen Frankfurt/Main AG — O jataccek- k ˜olemor G Flughafen Frankfurt/Main AG (FAG) e˜imai g etaiqe˜ia stgm opo˜ia am ˜gjei o aeqokil ˜emar tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr jai g opo˜ia e˜imai o voq ˜ear ejlet ˜akkeus ˜gr tou. S ˜ulvyma le tgm et ˜gsia ˜ejhesg tgr FAG cia to 1995, o aeqokil ˜emar tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr e˜imai o lecak ˜ute- ˜emar ap ˜o tour qor aeqokil ˜emar tgr Ceqlam˜iar jai lecak ˜uteqour stgm Euq ˜ypg se ˜oqour aqihlo ˜u pt ˜gseym, j˜imgsgr epibat ˜ym jai pos ˜otgtar voqt˜iou. Jat ˜a to 1995, sglei ˜yhgjam 372 587 jim ˜gseir elpoqi- j ˜ym aeqosjav ˜ym, diajim ˜ghgjam 38 191 247 epib ˜ater jai 1 327 865 letqijo˜i t ˜omoi voqt˜iou. Ta stoiwe˜ia aut ˜a, e ˜am sucjqiho ˜um le tg sumokij ˜g j˜imgsg stg Ceqlam˜ia, amtipqosype ˜uoum to 23,7 % tym jim ˜gseym elpoqij ˜ym aeqosjav ˜ym, to 34,6 % tgr j˜imgsgr tym epibat ˜ym jai to 70,7 % tou voqt˜iou. Sucjqim ˜olemor le ˜akkour euqypaˇijo ˜ur aeqokil ˜emer, o aeqokil ˜emar tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr e˜imai o de ˜uteqor stg diaj˜imgsg epibat ˜ym jai stir jim ˜gseir aeqosjav ˜ym (let ˜a to Komd˜imo-Heathrow) jai o pq ˜ytor sta voqt˜ia. To 1995, g FAG e˜iwe sumokij ˜er pyk ˜gseir ˜uxour 2 316,7 ejatoll ˜uqia ceqlamij ˜a l ˜aqja, to 37,7 % ap ˜o ta opo˜ia (873 ejatoll ˜uqia ceqlamij ˜a l ˜aqja) pqo ˜eq- wetai ap ˜o ta t ˜ekg ep˜iceiar enupgq ˜etgsgr. A. 2. To molij ˜o pka˜isio keitouqc˜iar tou aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr Stg Ceqlam˜ia, to molij ˜o pka˜isio pou di ˜epei tg keitouqc˜ia tym aeqokil ˜emym jahoq˜ifetai sto m ˜olo peq˜i aeqopoqij ˜ym sucjoimymi ˜ym (Luftverkehrsgesetz 11. 3. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 72/31 — LuftVG) tgr 14gr Iamouaq˜iou 1981 jai sto di ˜atacla cia tg woq ˜gcgsg adei ˜ym aeqopoqij ˜ym sucjoimymi ˜ym (Luftverkehrs-Zulassungs-Ordnung — LuftVZO) tgr 13gr Laqt˜iou 1979. S ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 6 tou LuftVG, cia tgm jatasjeu ˜g jai tgm ejle- t ˜akkeusg em ˜or aeqokil ˜ema apaite˜itai swetij ˜g ˜adeia. To ˜aqhqo 39 tou LuftVZO jahoq˜ifei tir aql ˜odier cia tir ˜adeier upgqes˜ier. G ˜adeia jak ˜uptei t ˜oso tgm jatasjeu ˜g tou aeqokil ˜ema ˜oso jai tgm ejlet ˜ak- keus ˜g tou ( ˜aqhqo 42 LuftVZO). S ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 45 tou LuftVZO, pou pqacla- te ˜uetai aqlodi ˜otgter tou voq ˜ea ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema, o voq ˜ear aut ˜or upowqeo ˜utai ma diatgqe˜i tgm asv ˜akeia keitouqc˜iar tou aeqokil ˜ema jai ˜ewei upowq ˜eysg ma leqilm ˜a cia tg syst ˜g keitouqc˜ia tou aeqokil ˜ema. O voq ˜ear ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema e˜imai upowqeyl ˜emor ma upob ˜akei cia ˜ecjqisg stir aql ˜odier aqw ˜er, tour jam ˜omer pou di ˜epoum tg wq ˜gsg tou aeqokil ˜ema (Flughafenbenutzungsordnung) ( ˜aqhqo 43 tou LuftVZO). Oi em k ˜ocy jam ˜omer dglosie ˜uomtai stg sum ˜eweia ap ˜o tgm aql ˜odia aqw ˜g. (5) Oi jam ˜omer pou di ˜epoum tg wq ˜gsg tou aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr ˜aqwisam ma isw ˜uoum stir 12 Apqik˜iou 1984. G ˜adeia tou Upouqce˜iou Oijomolij ˜ym jai Tewmokoc˜iar 16 tgr Vebqouaq˜iou 1984. woqgc ˜ghgje sitr ˜Essgr Peqi ˜ewoum di ˜atang s ˜ulvyma le tgm opo˜ia g ep˜iceia enupgq ˜etgsg pou amav ˜eqetai yr «enupgq ˜etgsg tgr j˜imgsgr tym aeqosjav ˜ym» (Verkehrsabfertigung der Luftfahrzeuge) d ˜umatai ma paq ˜ewetai ap ˜o to voq ˜ea ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema ˜emamti aloib ˜gr, ejt ˜or e ˜am ta l ˜eqg apovas˜isoum diavoqetij ˜a (tl ˜gla 2. 5). Stgm peq˜iptysg aut ˜g, o enopkisl ˜or enupgq ˜etgsgr jai ta ow ˜glata pq ˜epei ma stahle ˜uoum stir h ˜eseir pou jahoq˜ifomtai ap ˜o to voq ˜ea ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema, ˜emamti jatabok ˜gr swetijo ˜u t ˜ekour. Epipk ˜eom, stir peqipt ˜yseir aut ˜er, o voq ˜ear ejlet ˜ak- keusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema dijaio ˜utai ma apaite˜i tgm jatabok ˜g tek ˜ym cia tg wq ˜gsg tou aeqokil ˜ema jai tym ecjatast ˜ase ˜ym tou. Oi jam ˜omer pou di ˜epoum tg wq ˜gsg tou aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr peqi ˜ewoum eidij ˜er diat ˜aneir swetij ˜a le tom amevodiasl ˜o se ja ˜usila (tl ˜gla 2. 8), tg sumt ˜gqgsg jai tom enyteqij ˜o jahaqisl ˜o tou aeqo- sj ˜avour (tl ˜gla 2. 9). ˜Osom avoq ˜a tom amevodiasl ˜o se ja ˜usila, pqobk ˜epetai ˜oti oi etaiqe˜ier amevodia- slo ˜u tym aeqosjav ˜ym pq ˜epei ma ˜ewoum tgm ˜adeia tou voq ˜ea ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema. Oi em k ˜ocy etaiqe˜ier jai oi aeqoletavoqe˜ir pq ˜epei ma tgqo ˜um tir diat ˜aneir asvake˜iar. ˜Osom avoq ˜a sgla- mtij ˜er eqcas˜ier sumt ˜gqgsgr jai enyteqijo ˜u jahaqi- slo ˜u tym aeqosjav ˜ym, pqobk ˜epetai apk ˜yr ˜oti oi em k ˜ocy dqastgqi ˜otgter ha pqaclatopoio ˜umtai l ˜omo stir h ˜eseir pou ha upodeijm ˜uomtai ap ˜o to voq ˜ea ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema. (6) Sto tl ˜gla 4. 1 tym jam ˜omym pou di ˜epoum tg wq ˜gsg tou aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr pqobk ˜epetai ˜oti cia j ˜ahe elpoqij ˜g dqastgqi ˜otgta stom aeqokil ˜ema apaite˜itai g ˜ecjqisg tou voq ˜ea ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema, g opo˜ia emd ˜ewetai, jataqw ˜gm, ma ˜ewei yr amtije˜ilemo pkgqyl ˜g sto voq ˜ea ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema. G di ˜atang dieujqim˜ifei ˜oti oi dqastgqi ˜o- tgter tym aeqoletavoq ˜eym pou sumd ˜eomtai ˜alesa le tgm ejlet ˜akkeusg tou aeqosj ˜avour tour dem heyqe˜i- tai ˜oti apoteko ˜um elpoqij ˜g dqastgqi ˜otgta. (7) G diawe˜iqisg tou aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr epgqe ˜afetai peqait ˜eqy ap ˜o tgm odgc˜ia 96/67/EJ tou Sulbouk˜iou, tgr 15gr Ojtybq˜iou 1996, swetij ˜a le tgm pq ˜osbasg stgm acoq ˜a upgqesi ˜ym ed ˜avour stour aeqokil ˜emer tgr Joim ˜otgtar (1). Aut ˜g g odgc˜ia pqobk ˜epei id˜iyr ˜oti, cia tour aeqokil ˜emer tym opo˜iym g et ˜gsia j˜imgsg am ˜eqwetai touk ˜awistom se 3 ejatol- l ˜uqia epib ˜ater jai cia oqisl ˜ema e˜idg upgqesi ˜ym: — ta jq ˜atg l ˜ekg kalb ˜amoum ta amacja˜ia l ˜etqa diasvak˜ifomtar stour voqe˜ir ep˜iceiar enupgq ˜etg- sgr eke ˜uheqg pq ˜osbasg stgm acoq ˜a paqow ˜gr upgqesi ˜ym se tq˜itour ap ˜o tgm 1g Iamouaq˜iou 1999 ( ˜aqhqo 6 tgr odgc˜iar). Lpoqo ˜um, p ˜amtyr, ma peqioq˜isoum tom aqihl ˜o tym voq ˜eym pou epitq ˜e- petai ma paq ˜ewoum ep˜iceia enupgq ˜etgsg (l ˜ewqi d ˜uo jat’ ek ˜awistom), — ta jq ˜atg l ˜ekg kalb ˜amoum ta amacja˜ia l ˜etqa cia ma diasvak˜isoum tgm eke ˜uheqg enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym ap ˜o tgm 1g Iamouaq˜iou 1998 ( ˜aqhqo 7 tgr odgc˜iar). Ta jq ˜atg l ˜ekg lpoqo ˜um, p ˜amtyr, ma epivuk ˜assoum tgm enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym (se d ˜uo touk ˜awistom wq ˜gster). Epeid ˜g g enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym peqikalb ˜ametai jat ˜a tq ˜opo peqioqistij ˜o, g paqow ˜g sulpkgqyla- tij ˜ym upgqesi ˜ym dem apoteke˜i amtije˜ilemo tym l ˜etqym apekeuh ˜eqysgr, — ˜otam sucjejqil ˜emoi peqioqislo˜i tou diah ˜esilou w ˜yqou ˜g tgr diah ˜esilgr dumalij ˜otgtar elpod˜i- foum tgm apekeuh ˜eqysg tgr acoq ˜ar ˜g/jai tgm enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym, to emdiaveq ˜olemo jq ˜ator l ˜ekor lpoqe˜i ma apovas˜isei, up ˜o tgm pqoˇup ˜ohesg ˜ecjqisgr tou swetijo ˜u l ˜etqou ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g, ma amah ˜esei se ˜emam jai l ˜omo voq ˜ea ep˜iceiar enupgq ˜etgsgr (cia peq˜iodo d ˜uo et ˜ym amame ˜ysilg lia l ˜omo voq ˜a) jai ma apaco- ˜g ma epitq ˜exei se ˜ema l ˜omo wq ˜gstg tgm qe ˜usei id˜iym l ˜esym (cia lia peq˜iodo enupgq ˜etgsg di’ tqi ˜ym et ˜ym, pou lpoqe˜i ma amameyhe˜i). Ta jq ˜atg l ˜ekg joimopoio ˜um stgm Epitqop ˜g, touk ˜awistom tqeir l ˜gmer pqim ap ˜o tgm ˜emaqng isw ˜uor tgr, j ˜ahe paq ˜ejjkisg tgm opo˜ia woqgco ˜um ( ˜aqhqo 9 paq ˜a- cqavor 3 tgr odgc˜iar). Le epistok ˜g tgr 15gr Ojtybq˜iou 1997, g Ceqlam˜ia pkgqov ˜oqgse tgm Epitqop ˜g ˜oti stir 29 Septelbq˜iou 1997 apov ˜asise, dum ˜alei tou ˜aqhqou 9 paq ˜acqavor 1 tgr odgc˜iar 96/67/EJ, ma woqgc ˜gsei stgm FAG paq ˜ejjkisg ˜osom avoq ˜a tir upowqe ˜yseir pou apoq- q ˜eoum ap ˜o ta ˜aqhqa 6 jai 7 tgr odgc˜iar cia wqomij ˜g peq˜iodo d ˜uo jai tqi ˜ym et ˜ym amtisto˜iwyr (even ˜gr: «g tgr 29gr Septelbq˜iou ap ˜ovasg tgr Ceqlam˜iar 1997»). Le tgm ˜idia epistok ˜g g Ceqlam˜ia pq ˜oteime (1) EE L 272 tgr 25. 10. 1996, s. 36. L 72/32 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 11. 3. 98 ep˜isgr l ˜etqa pou e˜iwam st ˜owo tgm ep˜ikusg tym amaveqh ˜emtym pqobkgl ˜atym. G em k ˜ocy epistok ˜g jatawyq ˜ghgje stgm Epitqop ˜g le gleqolgm˜ia 20 Ojtybq˜iou 1997. Peq˜ikgxg tgr ap ˜ovasgr aut ˜gr dglosie ˜uhgje stgm Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqy- paˇij˜ymJoimot˜gtym(1), s ˜ulvyma le tir diat ˜aneir tou ˜aqhqou 9 paq ˜acqavor 3 tgr odgc˜iar 96/67/EJ. B. DQASTGQIOTGTES STOM AEQOKILEMA TGS VQAMJVOUQTGS (8) (9) (10) B. 1. Di ˜atang tou aeqokil ˜ema ˜ewei ep˜ilgjer O aeqokil ˜emar tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr sw ˜gla. G peqiow ˜g tou aeqokil ˜ema peqib ˜akketai ap ˜o autojimgtodq ˜olour (pqor ta b ˜oqeia jai ta amato- kij ˜a) sidgqodoqolij ˜er cqall ˜er (pqor ta m ˜otia) jai ap ˜o d ˜asor to opo˜io pqostate ˜uetai cia peqibakkomti- ˜oti g jo ˜ur k ˜ocour (sta dutij ˜a). To ˜uto sgla˜imei epiv ˜ameia tou aeqokil ˜ema dem lpoqe˜i ma epejtahe˜i, cecom ˜or to opo˜io elpod˜ifei tgm am ˜aptung tou aeqoki- l ˜ema. ˜Osom avoq ˜a tir duma ˜otgter a ˜ungsgr tou yv ˜ekilou w ˜yqou sto esyteqij ˜o tgr peqil ˜etqou tou aeqokil ˜ema, aut ˜er e˜imai ep˜isgr peqioqisl ˜emer kalba- mol ˜emou up ˜oxg tou ˜oti 229 ha dasij ˜gr ˜ejtasgr sta motiodutij ˜a pqostate ˜uomtai cia peqibakkomtijo ˜ur k ˜ocour jai ˜oti 170 ha sta dutij ˜a wqgsilopoio ˜umtai s ˜gleqa ap ˜o tgm aeqopoq˜ia tym Gmyl ˜emym Pokitei ˜ym tgr Aleqij ˜gr (USAF). Oi ecjatast ˜aseir pqosce˜iysgr jai apoce˜iysgr tou aeqokil ˜ema apoteko ˜umtai ap ˜o d ˜uo paq ˜akkgkour diadq ˜olour (b ˜oqeior jai m ˜otior) jai ˜emam di ˜adqolo apoce˜iysgr (dutij ˜or) swed ˜om j ˜aheto stour pqogco ˜u- lemour. G ˜ejtasg, boqe˜iyr tym d ˜uo juq˜iym diadq ˜olym, peqi- kalb ˜amei ta j ˜uqia jt˜iqia tou aeqokil ˜ema. Aut ˜a peqi- kalb ˜amoum, letan ˜u ˜akkym, d ˜uo aeqostahlo ˜ur (aeqo- stahl ˜or 1 jai aeqostahl ˜or 2) to ceqlamij ˜o tawu- dqole˜io, lia ˜ejtasg pou ˜ewei paqawyqghe˜i stir upgqes˜ier voqt˜iym tgr Lufthansa jai tir dqastgqi ˜otg- tgr Lufthansa jai lia peqiow ˜g denalem ˜ym ter jaus˜ilym (cia tgm apoh ˜gjeusg jaus˜ilym). G boqei- oamatokij ˜g peqiow ˜g peqikalb ˜amei tgm peqiow ˜g tajti- j ˜ym dqolokoc˜iym jai tgm peqiow ˜g Little League, g opo˜ia pq ˜osvata epestq ˜avg stgm FAG jai g opo˜ia e˜iwe paqawyqghe˜i stir tawudqolij ˜er upgqes˜ier tgr aeqopoq˜iar tym GPA. G lijq ˜oteqg ˜ejtasg, mot˜iyr tym juq˜iym diadq ˜olym, e˜iwe jatakgvhe˜i ap ˜o tgm USAF ap ˜o to t ˜ekor tou de ˜uteqou pacjosl˜iou pok ˜elou. P ˜amtyr, tl ˜gla tgr peqiow ˜gr aut ˜gr epestq ˜avg pq ˜osvata stgm FAG, g opo˜ia let ˜eveqe eje˜i tir dqastgqi ˜otgt ˜er tgr pou avoqo ˜um voqt˜ia. O aeqostahl ˜or 1 jai o aeqostahl ˜or 2 diav ˜eqoum sglamtij ˜a sto sw ˜gla tour, id˜iyr sto ˜oti o pq ˜ytor peqikalb ˜amei d ˜uo peqiow ˜er le adi ˜enodo, em ˜y o aeqo- stahl ˜or 2 e˜imai cqallij ˜or. O aeqostahl ˜or 1 peqi- kalb ˜amei tqeir diadq ˜olour (A, B jai C) em ˜y o aeqo- stahl ˜or 2 diaiqe˜itai se d ˜uo peqiow ˜er (di ˜adqoloi D jai E). (1) EE C 335 tgr 6. 11. 1997, s. 7. (11) (12) (13) Peq˜ipou to [. ] % tym jim ˜gseym pokitij ˜ym aeqo- sjav ˜ym jai to [. ] % tym epibat ˜ym diajimo ˜umtai l ˜esy tou aeqostahlo ˜u 1 (2). S ˜gleqa uv˜istamtai (3) 142 h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr aeqo- sjav ˜ym stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr: 49 h ˜eseir se en ˜odour (36 stom aeqostahl ˜o 1 jai 13 stom aeqostahl ˜o 2), 57 apolajqusl ˜emer h ˜eseir st ˜ahleu- sgr (18 ap ˜emamti ap ˜o tom aeqostahl ˜o 2, 11 ap ˜emamti ap ˜o tom di ˜adqolo A jai 28 pqor to dutij ˜o tl ˜gla tou aeqokil ˜ema) 11 h ˜eseir cia tajtij ˜a dqolok ˜ocia jai 25 h ˜eseir cia voqt˜ia. Jat ˜a cemij ˜o jam ˜oma, oi apola- jqusl ˜emer h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr ap ˜emamti ap ˜o tom aeqostahl ˜o 2 enupgqeto ˜um pt ˜gseir pou amtistoiwo ˜um stom aeqostahl ˜o 2 em ˜y ˜oker oi ˜akker apolajqusl ˜e- mer h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr enupgqeto ˜um pt ˜gseir pou amti- stoiwo ˜um stom aeqostahl ˜o 1. Emd ˜ewetai p ˜amtyr ma up ˜aqwoum enaiq ˜eseir stom jam ˜oma aut ˜o. ˜ema O aeqokil ˜emar tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr diah ˜etei jemtqij ˜o, pk ˜gqyr autolatopoigl ˜emo, s ˜ustgla leta- voq ˜ar aposjeu ˜ym to opo˜io ˜ewei ecjatastahe˜i stgm peqiow ˜g tym aeqostahl ˜ym. To s ˜ustgla aut ˜o wqgsi- lopoie˜itai cia tg diakoc ˜g jai tg letavoq ˜a tym aposjeu ˜ym ap ˜o tir huq˜ider ek ˜ecwou eisitgq˜iym stom aeqostahl ˜o pqor tour stahlo ˜ur v ˜oqtysgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym jah ˜yr jai cia tg diakoc ˜g jai letavoq ˜a tym aposjeu ˜ym cia letav ˜oq- tysg stour stahlo ˜ur v ˜oqtysgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ah- leusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. Up ˜aqwei lec ˜akg j˜imgsg stour w ˜yqour st ˜ahleusgr jai v ˜oqtysgr aeqosjav ˜ym stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr. To ˜uto ove˜iketai se lia seiq ˜a paqa- c ˜omtym, letan ˜u ˜akkym, sto sw ˜gla tou aeqokil ˜ema stom swetij ˜a lec ˜ako aqihl ˜o tym apolajqusl ˜emym h ˜eseym st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. B. 2. Dumalij ˜otgta aeqokil ˜ema (14) O aeqokil ˜emar tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr amtiletyp˜ifei aunam ˜olemg f ˜gtgsg cia ecjatast ˜aseir pqosce˜iysgr jai apoce˜iysgr. Aut ˜g g aunam ˜olemg f ˜gtgsg pqo ˜eqwe- tai ap ˜o tgm a ˜ungsg tgr epibatij ˜gr j˜imgsgr (epib ˜ater pou wqgsilopoio ˜um tg Vqamjvo ˜uqtg yr tekij ˜o stahl ˜o ˜g dieqw ˜olemoi epib ˜ater) jai tgr j˜imgsgr voqt˜iym jah ˜yr ep˜isgr jai ap ˜o tgm pqosp ˜aheia tgr FAG ma enupgqet ˜gsei tir acoq ˜er idiytijo ˜u jai dgl ˜o- siou tawudqole˜iou. G dumalij ˜otgta tou aeqokil ˜ema apoteke˜i peqioqistij ˜o paq ˜acomta stgm pqosp ˜aheia tgr FAG ma amtapojqihe˜i stg f ˜gtgsg aut ˜g. (15) G dumalij ˜otgta em ˜or aeqokil ˜ema jahoq˜ifetai, letan ˜u ˜akkym, ap ˜o ta aj ˜okouha tq˜ia stoiwe˜ia: tg dumalij ˜otgta tou diadq ˜olou, tg wyqgtij ˜otgta tym h ˜eseym st ˜ahleusgr jai tg dumalij ˜otgta tym jtiq˜iym tou aeqostahlo ˜u. G FAG, epeid ˜g dem lpoqe˜i ˜aqwise ma epejtahe˜i p ˜eqam tym sgleqim ˜ym oq˜iym tgr, lia diadijas˜ia sumewo ˜ur bekt˜iysgr tym uvist ˜a- lemym ecjatast ˜aseym, tqopopoi ˜ymtar tg di ˜atang tou aeqokil ˜ema jai amajatasjeu ˜afomtar tour w ˜yqour. (2) Pkgqovoq˜ier pou paqe˜iwe pqovoqij ˜a g FAG. (3) Pgc ˜g: Fraunhofer, Institut f(cid:129)r Materialfluß und Logistik, 27 Ioum˜iou 1997, s. 17. 11. 3. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 72/33 (16) G dumalij ˜otgta tou diadq ˜olou va˜imetai ˜oti apote- ko ˜use am ˜ejahem tom peqioqistij ˜o paq ˜acomta tou aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr. Dedol ˜emou ˜oti e˜imai ad ˜umatg g jatasjeu ˜g em ˜or de ˜uteqou diadq ˜olou cia ma jak ˜uxei tgm aunam ˜olemg f ˜gtgsg (k ˜ocy tou ˜oti dem e˜imai dumat ˜om ma epejtahe˜i g epiv ˜ameia tou aeqokil ˜ema) g FAG jatasje ˜uase ˜ema sulpkgqyla- tij ˜o di ˜adqolo l ˜omo cia apocei ˜yseir (pou keitouqce˜i ap ˜o to 1984) jai pqosp ˜ahgse ma epit ˜uwei tgm apodo- tij ˜oteqg wq ˜gsg tym uvistal ˜emym diadq ˜olym. Sjop ˜or tgr FAG e˜imai ma aun ˜gsei tom l ˜ecisto aqihl ˜o jim ˜g- seym am ˜a ˜yqa ap ˜o 48 (stg dejaet˜ia tou ’70) se 74 (to 1977) jai se 80 (to 2000). (17) ˜Osom avoq ˜a tg dumalij ˜otgta tym aeqostahl ˜ym, g FAG jatasje ˜uase ˜ema de ˜uteqo aeqostahl ˜o jai s ˜gleqa jatasjeu ˜afei lia ep ˜ejtasg tou diadq ˜olou A (aeqostahl ˜or 1) pqor ta dutij ˜a. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, o aqihl ˜or tym diah ˜esilym h ˜eseym st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym pqobk ˜epetai ma aunghe˜i se 156 jat ˜a to 2000, em ˜y paq ˜akkgka ha leiyhe˜i g en ˜aq- tgsg ap ˜o apolajqusl ˜emer h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr. G am ˜aptung m ˜eym h ˜eseym st ˜ahleusgr stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr peqikalb ˜amei 18 pq ˜osheter en ˜odour stgm ep ˜ejtasg tou diadq ˜olou A jai 4 pq ˜osheter h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr stg s ˜umdesg letan ˜u tou aeqostahlo ˜u 1 jai tou aeqostahlo ˜u 2. G pqoj ˜uptousa dumalij ˜otgta tym aeqostahl ˜ym jai tym h ˜eseym st ˜ahleusgr ha epaqje˜i cia ma jak ˜uptei tgm aungl ˜emg dumalij ˜otgta tym diadq ˜olym pqosa- poce˜iysgr. C. EPICEIA ENUPGQETGSG C. 1. Oqisl ˜or (18) G ep˜iceia enupgq ˜etgsg peqikalb ˜amei tir ˜oker dqastgqi ˜otgter pou pqaclatopoio ˜umtai le tgm eujaiq˜ia tgr st ˜ahleusgr em ˜or aeqosj ˜avour se ˜ema aeqokil ˜ema ˜osom avoq ˜a to ˜idio to aeqosj ˜avor, tour epib ˜ater jai to voqt˜io. Oi em k ˜ocy dqastgqi ˜otgter amav ˜eqomtai stg sulvym˜ia IATA Standard Ground- handling Agreement. Cemij ˜a, g ep˜iceia enupgq ˜etgsg lpoqe˜i ma paq ˜ewetai stir aeqopoqij ˜er etaiqe˜ier ap ˜o tom voq ˜ea ejlet ˜ak- keusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema, ap ˜o ˜akkg aeqopoqij ˜g etai- qe˜ia ˜g ap ˜o tq˜itg etaiqe˜ia eidijeul ˜emg stgm ep˜iceia enupgq ˜etgsg (ep˜iceia enupgq ˜etgsg ap ˜o tq˜itour). Oi aeqoletavoqe˜ir lpoqo ˜um ep˜isgr ma paq ˜ewoum oi ˜idioi ep˜iceia enupgq ˜etgsg e˜ite lelomyl ˜ema (enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym) ˜g jat ˜a ol ˜ada (joim ˜g enupgq ˜etgsg). (19) (20) G ep˜iceia enupgq ˜etgsg stgm opo˜ia amav ˜eqetai g paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg e˜imai oi upgqes˜ier pou paq ˜ewo- mtai stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym ( ˜g stour w ˜yqour st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym) tou aeqokil ˜ema. Apoteko ˜umtai, juq˜iyr, ap ˜o tir aj ˜okouher upgqes˜ier: — pqol ˜gheia jai wq ˜gsg enopkislo ˜u cia tgm epib˜i- basg jai tgm apob˜ibasg epibat ˜ym, (23) — letavoq ˜a epibat ˜ym letan ˜u tou aeqostahlo ˜u jai tgr h ˜esgr tou aeqosj ˜avour jai amtistq ˜ovyr, — letavoq ˜a pkgqyl ˜atym, — v ˜oqtysg jai ejv ˜oqtysg aposjeu ˜ym, voqt˜iou jai tawudqole˜iou, — letavoq ˜a, diakoc ˜g jai letav ˜oqtysg aposjeu ˜ym, tawudqole˜iou stgm — letavoq ˜a voqt˜iou jai peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym, — jahaqisl ˜or hak ˜alou, — jahaqisl ˜or w ˜yqym ucieim ˜gr jai paqow ˜g ˜udator, — ˜yhgsg/qulo ˜ukjgsg aeqosjav ˜ym, — pqol ˜gheia jai wq ˜gsg tou enopkislo ˜u cia tgm ejt ˜ekesg tym amyt ˜eqy dqastgqiot ˜gtym, — amevodiasl ˜or tou aeqosj ˜avour le ja ˜usila, — letavoq ˜a evod˜iym pqor jai ap ˜o to aeqosj ˜avor. C. 2. Ep˜iceia enupgq ˜etgsg stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr (21) G FAG j ˜amei lia cemij ˜g di ˜ajqisg avem ˜or lem se upgqes˜ier pou paq ˜ewomtai emt ˜or tou aeqostahlo ˜u, id˜iyr tg diaj˜imgsg tym epibat ˜ym sto jt˜iqio tou aeqostahlo ˜u jai tg diaj˜imgsg tou voqt˜iou, avet ˜e- qou de se upgqes˜ier ejt ˜or tou aeqostahlo ˜u, dgkad ˜g ˜oker tir dqastgqi ˜otgter pou pqaclatopoio ˜umtai stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. P ˜eqam tym amyt ˜eqy upgqesi ˜ym g FAG amav ˜eqei ep˜isgr «paqow ˜g upgqesi ˜ym», dgkad ˜g amevodiasl ˜o tou aeqosj ˜avour le ja ˜usila jai ev ˜odia oi opo˜ier heyqe˜itai cemij ˜a ˜oti peqikalb ˜amomtai stgm ep˜iceia enupgq ˜etgsg. (22) G FAG epitq ˜epei stir aeqopoqij ˜er etaiqe˜ier tgm enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym ˜g/jai tgm enupgq ˜etgsg se tq˜itour ˜osom avoq ˜a tir upgqes˜ier emt ˜or tou aeqo- stahlo ˜u l ˜esy em ˜or peqait ˜eqy voq ˜ea paqow ˜gr upgqe- si ˜ym. ˜Osom avoq ˜a tour epib ˜ater, stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr epitq ˜epetai stour aeqoletavoqe˜ir ma enupgqeto ˜umtai di’ id˜iym l ˜esym ˜osom avoq ˜a upgqe- s˜ier emt ˜or tou aeqostahlo ˜u. Epipk ˜eom, ˜oker oi aeqo- poqij ˜er etaiqe˜ier ˜ewoum to dija˜iyla ma enupgqeto ˜um tour epib ˜ater ˜akkym aeqopoqij ˜ym etaiqei ˜ym. Oi aeqopoqij ˜er etaiqe˜ier lpoqo ˜um ep˜isgr ma wqgsilo- poio ˜um tgm FAG cia tgm paqow ˜g upgqesi ˜ym. G FAG dem ˜ewei woqgc ˜gsei ˜adeia se amen ˜aqtgtour voqe˜ir cia tg diaj˜imgsg epibat ˜ym. ˜Osom avoq ˜a tg diaj˜imgsg voqt˜iou, ev ˜osom aut ˜g pqaclatopoie˜itai emt ˜or tou w ˜yqou tou aeqostahlo ˜u, epitq ˜epetai g enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym, jah ˜yr ep˜isgr jai g paqow ˜g upgqesi ˜ym ap ˜o tq˜itour se ˜akker aeqopoqij ˜er etaiqe˜ier. Aqjet ˜er aeqopoqij ˜er etaiqe˜ier wqgsilopoio ˜um stom tol ˜ea aut ˜o tir upgqes˜ier tgr epitqape˜i g keitouqc˜ia amenaqt ˜gtym FAG. voq ˜eym paqow ˜gr upgqesi ˜ym. ˜Ewei Epipk ˜eom, g FAG ˜ewei paqawyq ˜gsei se tq˜itour tom amevodiasl ˜o tym aeqosjav ˜ym le ja ˜usila, tgm tqovodos˜ia jai oqisl ˜emer peqioqisl ˜emer upgqes˜ier stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym, ˜opyr cia tgm apol ˜ajqumsg wiomio ˜u jai p ˜acou. Aut ˜er oi upgqes˜ier dem paq ˜ewomtai ap ˜o tgm FAG. ˜Osom avoq ˜a tgm paqow ˜g tym koip ˜ym upgqesi ˜ym stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym (dgkad ˜g aut ˜er pou amav ˜eqomtai stgm paq ˜acqavo 20 ejt ˜or ap ˜o tom amevodiasl ˜o le ja ˜usila jai tgm tqovodo- L 72/34 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 11. 3. 98 s˜ia jah ˜yr jai tgm apol ˜ajqumsg wiomio ˜u jai p ˜acou), g FAG dem ˜ewei epitq ˜exei tgm enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym ˜g tgm paqow ˜g upgqesi ˜ym ap ˜o tq˜itour. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, g FAG e˜imai o l ˜omor voq ˜ear pou paq ˜ewei tir em k ˜ocy upgqes˜ier stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamj- vo ˜uqtgr. G FAG, stgm ap ˜amtgs ˜g tgr stgm joimopo˜igsg tym aiti ˜aseym, epibeba˜iyse ˜oti dem ep ˜etqexe se dumgti- jo ˜ur amtacymist ˜er ma paq ˜ewoum tir em k ˜ocy upgqe- s˜ier stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. (24) G ep˜iceia enupgq ˜etgsg tym aeqoletavoq ˜eym ap ˜o tgm FAG bas˜ifetai se s ˜ulbasg pou sum ˜aptetai le tour aeqoletavoqe˜ir. Oi em k ˜ocy sulb ˜aseir ep˜iceiar enupgq ˜etgsgr tupopoigl ˜emg s ˜ulbasg ep˜iceiar enupgq ˜etgsgr tgr FAG tgr 1gr Laqt˜iou 1983, jai pokk ˜er ap ˜o aut ˜er tqopopoi ˜ghg- jam let ˜a to 1995. bas˜ifomtai stgm Ta paqaqt ˜glata tgr tupopoigl ˜emgr s ˜ulbasgr ep˜iceiar enupgq ˜etgsgr amav ˜eqoum tir upgqes˜ier pou ha paq ˜ewei g FAG stom aeqoletavoq ˜ea jai ta isw ˜uomta t ˜ekg. O jat ˜akocor tym upgqesi ˜ym e˜imai paq ˜oloior akk ˜a ˜owi o ˜idior le aut ˜om pou peqi ˜ewetai sto paq ˜aqtgla A tgr tupopoigl ˜emgr s ˜ulbasgr tgr IATA Standard Groundhandling Agreement. To ˜aqhqo 3 paq ˜acqavor 2 tgr tupopoigl ˜emgr s ˜ulba- sgr ep˜iceiar enupgq ˜etgsgr peqi ˜ewei di ˜atang s ˜ulvyma le tgm opo˜ia o aeqoletavoq ˜ear dem ha amah ˜etei se ˜akko pq ˜osypo, etaiqe˜ia ˜g oqcamisl ˜o tgm ep˜iceia enupgq ˜etgsg pou g FAG ˜ewei dewhe˜i ma paq ˜ewei l ˜esy tgr s ˜ulbasgr, ejt ˜or ap ˜o eidij ˜er peqipt ˜yseir ˜opou to ˜uto sulvyme˜itai aloiba˜ia letan ˜u tym sulbakko- l ˜emym. (25) Oqisl ˜emer enaiq ˜eseir ap ˜o to lomop ˜ykio tgr FAG ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleu- sgr aeqosjav ˜ym ove˜ikomtai se «istoqijo ˜ur k ˜ocour»: — g aleqijamij ˜g aeqopoqij ˜g etaiqe˜ia Delta Air Lines diat ˜gqgse to dija˜iyla ma enupgqete˜i di’ id˜iym l ˜esym tir pt ˜gseir pou am ˜ekabe ap ˜o tgm aleqijamij ˜g aeqopoqij ˜g etaiqe˜ia Pan Am to 1991. To uvist ˜alemo dija˜iyla tgr Pan Am ma enupgqete˜itai di’ id˜iym l ˜esym wqomokoce˜itai ap ˜o tgm peq˜iodo let ˜a to de ˜uteqo pacj ˜oslio p ˜okelo. G Delta ˜epaxe ma asje˜i to dija˜iyla aut ˜o to 1997, — g aeqopoqij ˜g etaiqe˜ia SAS tgr opo˜iar to pqosy- pij ˜o ejteko ˜use weiqomajtij ˜a tg v ˜oqtysg jai tgm ejv ˜oqtysg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqo- sjav ˜ym. To dija˜iyla aut ˜o ˜ewei istoqij ˜g pqo ˜e- keusg, di ˜oti g SAS ˜gtam g pq ˜ytg aeqopoqij ˜g etai- qe˜ia let ˜a to de ˜uteqo pacj ˜oslio p ˜okelo pou ˜aqwise jahaq ˜a elpoqij ˜er aeqopoqij ˜er letavoq ˜er. G SAS ˜epause tgm enupgq ˜etgsg tym aeqosjav ˜ym tgr di’ id˜iym l ˜esym to 1995, — tgm etaiqe˜ia idiytijo ˜u tawudqole˜iou Federal Express pou e˜iwe to dija˜iyla ma enupgqete˜itai di’ id˜iym l ˜esym ˜osom avoq ˜a peqioqisl ˜emer dqastg- qi ˜otgter stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. (26) To amtije˜ilemo tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr peqioq˜ifetai stgm enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqo- sjav ˜ym cia tgm opo˜ia g FAG o ˜ute ep ˜etqexe tgm enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym o ˜ute ep ˜etqexe tg keitouqc˜ia amen ˜aqtgtym voq ˜eym paqow ˜gr upgqesi ˜ym (even ˜gr «enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym»). D. TEWMIJES PQO ˘UPOHESEIS AMTACYMISLOU STGM PEQIOWG STAHLEUSGS AEQOSJAVYM D. 1. Cemij ˜a (27) G FAG upst ˜gqine ˜oti o diah ˜esilor w ˜yqor stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym dem epaqje˜i cia ma epitqape˜i g enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym ˜g g keitouq- c˜ia epipk ˜eom voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. Jat ˜a tgm ˜apoxg tgr FAG, to lomop ˜yki ˜o tgr aitiokoce˜itai cia tour aj ˜okouhour k ˜ocour: — s ˜gleqa dem up ˜aqwei epaqj ˜gr w ˜yqor stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym cia tg st ˜ahleusg tym owgl ˜atym enupgq ˜etgsgr peqissot ˜eqym tou em ˜or voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr. Amm epitqape˜i g enupgq ˜e- tgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym ˜g o amtacymisl ˜or, to ˜uto ha odgc ˜gsei stgm jat ˜aqcgsg h ˜eseym st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym jai, jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, ha ˜ewei yr apot ˜ekesla tg le˜iysg tgr dumalij ˜otgtar tou aeqokil ˜ema. To ˜uto ha ˜ewei ep˜isgr epipt ˜yseir stg dumat ˜otgta ma jakuvhe˜i g lekkomtij ˜g f ˜gtgsg, — g pujm ˜otgta tgr j˜imgsgr ha aunghe˜i se amep˜itqe- pto ep˜ipedo pou ha lpoqo ˜use ma lei ˜ysei to ep˜ipedo asvake˜iar jai tom ek ˜awisto wq ˜omo amta- p ˜ojqisgr, pou s ˜gleqa e˜imai 45Y. (28) G FAG up ˜ebake di ˜avoqer h ˜eseir sulbo ˜ukym, pou sum ˜etanam g Netherlands Airport Consultant BV, (NACO) jai to Fraunhofer Institut Materialfluß und Logistik (Fraunhofer). group, experts (technical G Epitqop ˜g dglio ˜uqcgse lia ol ˜ada ap ˜o tewmijo ˜ur elpeiqocm ˜ylomer even ˜gr «(TEG» apoteko ˜ulemg ap ˜o ejpqos ˜ypour tgr FAG jai tym jataccekk ˜omtym. Pq ˜oedqor tgr ol ˜adar ˜gtam ˜emar elpeiqocm ˜ylym pou ˜oqise g Epitqop ˜g, o j. Penwarden. Epeid ˜g dem lpoqo ˜use ma enawhe˜i sulp ˜eqa- sla le olovym˜ia, o pq ˜oedqor tgr TEG up ˜ebake, le apojkeistij ˜a dij ˜g tou euh ˜umg, lia ˜ejhesg (even ˜gr « ˜ejhesg Penwarden»). G FAG up ˜ebake wyqist ˜g ˜ejhesg. Jat ˜opim g Epitqop ˜g ˜oqise tom jahgcgt ˜g j. Doc ˜amg, epijevak ˜gr tgr ol ˜ador aeqopoqij ˜ym letavoq ˜ym tou College of Aeronautics tou Cranfield University yr m ˜eo amen ˜aqtgto elpeiqocm ˜yloma. O jahgcgt ˜gr j. Doc ˜a- mgr up ˜ebake swetij ˜g ˜ejhesg (even ˜gr: « ˜ejhesg Cran- field»). Ta sulpeq ˜aslata tym ejh ˜eseym aut ˜ym cia ta swetij ˜a h ˜elata amav ˜eqomtai peqikgptij ˜a jatyt ˜eqy. 11. 3. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 72/35 D. 2. W ˜yqoi st ˜ahleusgr tou enopkislo ˜u enupgq ˜etgsgr D. 2. 1. Cemij˜a (29) G FAG upost ˜gqine ˜oti g eisacyc ˜g amtacymislo ˜u stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr dem pq ˜epei ma bas˜ifetai se staheq ˜g jatamol ˜g tym h ˜eseym st ˜ah- leusgr ( ˜opou j ˜ahe voq ˜ear enupgq ˜etgsgr ha diah ˜etei ˜ema pqojahoqisl ˜emo aqihl ˜o w ˜yqym st ˜ahleusgr) akk ˜a ha lpoqo ˜use ma enetashe˜i le b ˜asg lia eu ˜eki- jtg jatamol ˜g. ˜Osom avoq ˜a to tekeuta˜io dem up ˜aq- woum amtiqq ˜gseir. (30) Le aut ˜g tgm pqoˇup ˜ohesg, e ˜am epitqape˜i g enupgq ˜e- id˜iym l ˜esym ˜g/jai g keitouqc˜ia ˜akkym tgsg di’ amen ˜aqtgtym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr, to ˜uto emd ˜ewetai ma odgc ˜gsei se pq ˜osheto apaito ˜ulemo w ˜yqo st ˜ah- leusgr. O j ˜uqior k ˜ocor e˜imai ˜oti to s ˜umoko tou enopkislo ˜u pou apaite˜itai cia tgm enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym e˜imai suwm ˜a leca- k ˜uteqo ˜otam up ˜aqwoum pokko˜i voqe˜ir enupgq ˜etgsgr ap ˜o ˜oti e˜imai stgm peq˜iptysg pou up ˜aqwei lomop ˜y- kio (jai jat ˜a sum ˜epeia apaite˜itai peqiss ˜oteqor w ˜yqor cia tg st ˜ahleusg tou em k ˜ocy enopkislo ˜u). G am ˜acjg pq ˜oshetou enopkislo ˜u sumd ˜eetai le aqmg- tij ˜er oijomol˜ier jk˜ilajar jai leiomejt ˜glata pou paqousi ˜afoum oi sumeqcas˜ier. To s ˜umoko tou enopki- slo ˜u cia tgm ep˜iceia enupgq ˜etgsg pqosaql ˜ofetai am ˜akoca le tgm j˜imgsg jat ˜a tir ˜yqer aiwl ˜gr. Se peq˜iptysg lomopyk˜iou, to l ˜ecehor tou enopkislo ˜u jahoq˜ifetai ap ˜o tir apait ˜gseir stgm aiwl ˜g tou aeqo- kil ˜ema. Amtistq ˜ovyr, to l ˜ecehor tou enopkislo ˜u se sumh ˜gjer amtacymislo ˜u apaqt˜ifetai ap ˜o to s ˜umoko tou enopkislo ˜u tym epil ˜eqour voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr pou jahoq˜ifetai, le tg seiq ˜a tou ap ˜o tir am ˜acjer tym yq ˜ym aiwl ˜gr tou ej ˜astote voq ˜ea enupgq ˜etgsgr. E˜imai sav ˜er, ˜oti oi ˜yqer aiwl ˜gr tym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜e- tgsgr dem sulp˜iptoum jat’ am ˜acjg le tir amt˜istoiwer ˜yqer tou aeqokil ˜ema jai to s ˜umoko tou enopkislo ˜u pou apaite˜itai ha e˜imai lecak ˜uteqo. Le ˜akkour k ˜ocour, o amtacymisl ˜or odgce˜i se diaqhqytij ˜o «upeqbokij ˜o enopkisl ˜o» le apot ˜ekesla ma apaite˜i- tai pq ˜oshetor w ˜yqor st ˜ahleus ˜gr tou. Epipk ˜eom, g FAG upost ˜gqine ˜oti e ˜am epitqape˜i g enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym ˜g/jai g keitouqc˜ia ˜akkym amen ˜aqtgtym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr, to ˜uto ha odgco ˜use se le˜iysg tou diah ˜esilou w ˜yqou st ˜ahleu- sgr (id˜iyr k ˜ocy tou ˜oti ha leiyhe˜i g dumat ˜otgta wq ˜gsgr tym w ˜yqym pqoetoilas˜iar cia apoce˜iysg tym aeqosjav ˜ym yr w ˜yqym st ˜ahleusgr). Jat ˜a sum ˜e- peia, jatyt ˜eqy ha wqgsilopoie˜itai o ˜oqor «apaito ˜u- lemor pq ˜oshetor leijt ˜or w ˜yqor» jai «apaito ˜ulemor pq ˜oshetor jahaq ˜or w ˜yqor», kalbamol ˜emou up ˜oxg stom tekeuta˜io auto ˜u tou leiyl ˜emou diah ˜esilou w ˜yqou. (31) G FAG upost ˜gqine ˜oti dem e˜imai dumat ˜om ma epitqa- pe˜i g enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym ˜g g keitouqc˜ia jai ˜akkym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleu- sgr aeqosjav ˜ym di ˜oti dem up ˜aqwei aqjet ˜or w ˜yqor cia tg st ˜ahleusg tou enopkislo ˜u tour. Cia tgm anio- k ˜ocgsg tou sgle˜iou auto ˜u e˜imai amacja˜io ma stah- liste˜i g sw ˜esg letan ˜u tou apaito ˜ulemou w ˜yqou st ˜ahleusgr (even ˜gr «apaito ˜ulemor w ˜yqor») jai tou diah ˜esilou cia st ˜ahleusg w ˜yqou (even ˜gr «diah ˜esi- lor w ˜yqor»). E˜imai aniosgle˜iyto ˜oti oi di ˜avoqer ejh ˜eseir pou upobk ˜ghgjam stgm Epitqop ˜g e˜ite jatak ˜gcoum se amtivatij ˜a sulpeq ˜aslata ˜g, touk ˜awistom, dem e˜imai pk ˜gqyr sumepe˜ir letan ˜u tour. To ˜uto dem pqojake˜i ˜ejpkgng di ˜oti oi ejtil ˜gseir aut ˜er bas˜ifomtai se di ˜avoqer upoh ˜eseir (id˜iyr ˜osom avoq ˜a to l ˜ecehor tgr pekate˜iar) pou epgqe ˜afoum idia˜iteqa ta apotek ˜e- slat ˜a tour. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, cia ma pqoj ˜uxei g tekij ˜g ˜apoxg ˜gtam amacja˜io ma kgvho ˜um up ˜oxg di ˜avoqer peqai- t ˜eqy ejtil ˜gseir (bk ˜epe molij ˜g ejt˜ilgsg). D. 2. 2. Oi ejh˜eseir tym elpeiqocmyl˜omym D. 2. 2. 1. Oi elpeiqocm ˜ylomer pou ˜oqise g FAG (32) G NACO jatak ˜gcei sto sulp ˜eqasla ˜oti dem up ˜aqwei epaqj ˜gr w ˜yqor st ˜ahleusgr stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr ˜yste ma epitq ˜exei tg keitouqc˜ia em ˜or ˜g peqiss ˜oteqym epipk ˜eom voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr. G NACO ejtil ˜a ˜oti o diah ˜esilor w ˜yqor am ˜eqwetai (1) se [. ] m2 peq˜ipou, em ˜o o apaito ˜ulemor w ˜yqor am ˜eq- wetai se [. ] m2 le sumh ˜gjer lomopyk˜iou jai se [. ] m2 peq˜ipou e ˜am epitqape˜i g keitouqc˜ia jai em ˜or ˜akkou voq ˜ea enupgq ˜etgsgr (2). O upokocisl ˜or tym [. ] m2 diah ˜esilou w ˜yqou ˜ecime le b ˜asg w ˜aqter tgr peqiow ˜gr, heyq ˜ymtar ˜oti o uvist ˜alemor w ˜yqor e˜imai diah ˜esilor. To s ˜umoko pqoj ˜uptei ap ˜o [. ] m2 diah ˜esilgr ˜ejtasgr st ˜ah- leusgr, ap ˜o [. ] m2 se w ˜yqour c ˜uqy ap ˜o tir h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym, ap ˜o [. ] m2 w ˜yqou cia tg up ˜osteca st ˜ahleusg voqt˜iym jai ap ˜o [. ] m2 eke ˜uheqgr ˜ejtasgr. Sto ˜ahqoisla aut ˜o peqikalb ˜ametai ep˜isgr up ˜oxg g le˜iysg jat ˜a 4 300 m2 peq˜ipou tou diah ˜esilou w ˜yqou st ˜ahleusgr (2 967 m2 + 1 630 m2) pou wqgsilopoi- o ˜umtai s ˜gleqa yr pq ˜osheter ejt ˜aseir voqt˜iym, ˜usteqa ap ˜o tg letaj˜imgsg tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym swetij ˜a le ta voqt˜ia pqor to m ˜oto (3). tqowov ˜oqym jomt ˜a sta Cia tom upokocisl ˜o tou apaito ˜ulemou w ˜yqou, g NACO ejtil ˜a to s ˜umoko tou enopkislo ˜u pou apai- te˜itai se sumh ˜gjer lomopyk˜iou jai se amtacymi- stij ˜er sumh ˜gjer. Jat ˜opim upokoc˜ifei tgm ˜ejtasg pou apaite˜itai cia tom em k ˜ocy enopkisl ˜o. T ˜ekor, o sumo- kij ˜a apaito ˜ulemor w ˜yqor st ˜ahleusgr upokoc˜ifetai ap ˜o tom pokkapkasiasl ˜o tou sum ˜okou auto ˜u le d ˜uo sumtekest ˜er (1,30 jai 1,34 amt˜istoiwa ˜g sumokij ˜a 1,75), pqojeil ˜emou ma kgvhe˜i up ˜oxg g pq ˜oshetg ˜ejtasg pou apaite˜itai c ˜uqy ap ˜o tir lom ˜ader tou enopkislo ˜u jai tgm amacja˜ia ˜ejtasg cia tgm pqac- latopo˜igsg ekicl ˜ym. (1) NACO, paqous˜iasg jat ˜a tgm ajq ˜oasg. Pqogco ˜ulemer lek ˜eter tgr NACO jat ˜ekgcam se ˜akka stoiwe˜ia pou jula˜imomtai ap ˜o ˜oti 130 000 m2 ˜eyr 148 000 m2. G NACO ep˜isgr he ˜yqgse siypgq ˜a, o sumokij ˜or diah ˜esilor w ˜yqor enaqt ˜atai ap ˜o tir sumh ˜gjer tgr acoq ˜ar (dgkad ˜g lomop ˜ykio ˜g amtacymisl ˜or). (2) NACO 14 Lai¨ou 1997 jai paqous˜iasg jat ˜a tgm ajq ˜oasg. (3) NACO 14 Lai¨ou 1997, s. 11. L 72/36 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 11. 3. 98 (33) Cia to sumokij ˜a apaito ˜ulemo w ˜yqo pou e˜imai [. ] m2 kalb ˜ametai up ˜oxg to cecom ˜or ˜oti jat ˜a to 1997, g Delta le˜iyse tir pt ˜gseir tgr pqor tg Vqamjvo ˜uqtg jai t ˜yqa enupgqete˜itai ap ˜o tgm FAG. Ta wqomij ˜a diast ˜glata pou jate˜iwe pqogcoul ˜emyr g Delta ˜ewoum t ˜yqa jatakgvhe˜i ap ˜o ˜akker aeqopoqij ˜er etaiqe˜ier, pou g NACO heyqe˜i ˜oti enupgqeto ˜umtai ap ˜o tgm FAG. Pqim ap ˜o tgm ap ˜ovasg tgr Delta ma lei ˜ysei tir pt ˜gseir tgr jai ma stalat ˜gsei tgm enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym to 1997, o apaito ˜ulemor w ˜yqor ejtil ˜ato se [. ] m2 peq˜ipou. G ˜ejtasg pou apaite˜itai se sumh ˜gjer amtacymislo ˜u upokoc˜ifetai yr to ˜ahqoisla tou w ˜yqou pou apai- te˜itai s ˜gleqa cia tgm FAG ([. ] m2) sum tom jahaq ˜o w ˜yqo pou apaite˜itai cia ˜emam voq ˜ea enupg- q ˜etgsgr (32 000 m2). G NACO ejtil ˜a ep˜isgr tom apaito ˜ulemo jai to diah ˜esilo w ˜yqo jat ˜a to ˜etor 2000. Jal˜ia ap ˜o tir ejtil ˜gseir de kalb ˜amei up ˜oxg tgr eidij ˜a tgm peq˜i- ptysg keitouqc˜iar tgr FAG jai em ˜or ˜g d ˜uo amenaqt ˜g- tym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr. P ˜amtyr, ˜oker oi pqoso- loi ˜yseir elvam˜ifoum ˜oti, se ˜oker tir peqipt ˜yseir, jat ˜a to ˜etor 2000 to isof ˜ucio tou w ˜yqou ha epidei- myhe˜i jat ˜a 2 000 ˜eyr 3 000 m2. To Fraunhofer kalb ˜amei yr dedol ˜emo — pq ˜acla pou sum ˜estgse siypgq ˜a to pamepist ˜glio Cranfield — ˜oti ejt ˜or ap ˜o tgm FAG ha asjo ˜um dqastgqi ˜otgter jai d ˜uo voqe˜ir enupgq ˜etgsgr stom aeqostahl ˜o 2 jai jatak ˜gcei sto sulp ˜eqasla ˜oti dem up ˜aqwei epaqj ˜gr w ˜yqor stom aeqostahl ˜o 2. To Fraunhofer ajokouhe˜i tgm ˜idia l ˜ehodo le tg NACO. Ejtil ˜a ˜oti o apaito ˜ulemor w ˜yqor ha aunghe˜i ap ˜o [. ] m2 peq˜ipou se sumh ˜gjer lomopyk˜iou se [. ] m2 peq˜ipou e ˜am epitqape˜i g keitouqc˜ia d ˜uo pqosh ˜etym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr (1). Aut ˜or o apai- to ˜ulemor pq ˜oshetor w ˜yqor emtop˜ifetai stom aeqo- stahl ˜o 2 ˜opou ha aunghe˜i g am ˜acjg w ˜yqym st ˜ahleu- sgr (2) ap ˜o [. ] m2 peq˜ipou se 29 000 m2 peq˜ipou se s ˜ucjqisg le to diah ˜esilo w ˜yqo pou am ˜eqwetai se [. ] m2 peq˜ipou. G pqoj ˜uptousa ˜ekkeixg w ˜yqou ameqw ˜olemg se 11 000 m2 ha pq ˜epei ma pqostehe˜i stgm ˜ekkeixg w ˜yqou tgr peqiow ˜gr voqt˜iou pou am ˜eq- wetai se 1 000 m2 peq˜ipou. Epipk ˜eom, to Fraunhofer sglei ˜ymei ˜oti g ˜ekkeixg aut ˜g stom aeqostahl ˜o 2 ha ˜ewei epipt ˜yseir stom aeqo- ˜oti s ˜gleqa uv˜istatai lia stahl ˜o 1. O k ˜ocor e˜imai diaqhqytij ˜g ˜ekkeixg w ˜yqou stom aeqostahl ˜o 1 (peq˜ipou 2 000 m2 stour w ˜yqour epibat ˜ym jai 6 000 m2 stour w ˜yqour cia voqt˜ia) pou l ˜ewqi s ˜gleqa amapkgq ˜ymetai le tg wq ˜gsg h ˜eseym st ˜ahleusgr ˜g/jai tg wq ˜gsg jemo ˜u w ˜yqou stom aeqostahl ˜o 2. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, g amapk ˜gqysg aut ˜g de ha e˜imai pk ˜eom dumat ˜g. (34) D. 2. 2. 2. Oi elpeiqocm ˜ylomer pou ˜oqise g Epitqop ˜g O j. Penwarden jatak ˜gcei sto sulp ˜eqasla ˜oti e˜imai dumat ˜om ma epitqape˜i o amtacymisl ˜or stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym (3). P ˜amtyr, epeid ˜g g em (1) Fraunhofer 27 Ioum˜iou 1997, s. 41 jai paq ˜aqtgla 15. (2) Fraunhofer 27 Ioum˜iou 1997, ss. 38, 41 jai pqovoqij ˜g paqous˜iasg, (3) Pgc ˜g: ˜ejhesg Penwarden, Apq˜ikior 1995. di ˜acqalla s. 8. k ˜ocy ˜ejhesg wqomokoce˜itai ap ˜o to 1995 jai epeid ˜g g FAG pqosyqe˜i se sumew ˜g amadi ˜atang tou aeqoki- l ˜ema, ta sulpeq ˜aslata aut ˜a emd ˜ewetai ma e˜imai pk ˜eom wqomij ˜a nepeqasl ˜ema. O j. Penwarden dem j ˜amei ejt˜ilgsg tou apaito ˜ulemou w ˜yqou akk ˜a d ˜ewetai ˜oti aut ˜or jula˜imetai letan ˜u tym ejtil ˜gseym tgr FAG (peq˜ipou [. ] m2) jai tym ejti- l ˜gseym tym jataccekk ˜omtym (peq˜ipou 120 000 m2). Heyqe˜i ˜oti to stoiwe˜io tgr FAG apoteke˜i «tg weiq ˜o- teqg peq˜iptysg» jai amav ˜eqei ˜oti ha jakuvhe˜i ap ˜o 285 000 m2 peq˜ipou diah ˜esilou w ˜yqou. Ta 285 000 m2 pqoj ˜uptoum ap ˜o to ˜ahqoisla tym [. ] m2 (pou ejt˜ilgse g FAG to 1995), tym 25 300 m2 pq ˜oshetou w ˜yqou st ˜ahleusgr (stir aj ˜okouher peqiow ˜er: j ˜emtqo voqt˜iou, peqiow ˜g 22, peqiow ˜g st ˜ah- leusgr aeqosjav ˜ym tajtij ˜ym dqolokoc˜iym, ˜ejtasg d˜ipka sto LCC, peqiow ˜g jakull ˜emg le w ˜oqto mot˜iyr tgr peqiow ˜gr voqt˜iou jai tou aeqostahlo ˜u 2) jai tym 94 460 m2 w ˜yqym c ˜uqy ap ˜o tir h ˜eseir st ˜ahleu- sgr aeqosjav ˜ym. Epipk ˜eom, o j. Penwarden sglei ˜ymei ˜oti diah ˜esilor w ˜yqor emd ˜ewetai ma eneuqehe˜i stgm ˜ejtasg pou ˜ewei paqawyqghe˜i sto tawudqole˜io tou stqato ˜u tym GPA (5 000 ˜eyr 6 000 m2), stgm peqiow ˜g Little League (20 000 m2) jai sto m ˜otio tl ˜gla tgr b ˜asgr tgr aleqijamij ˜gr aeqopoq˜iar (ejtetal ˜emg peqiow ˜g). (35) To pamepist ˜glio tou Cranfield jatak ˜gcei sto sulp ˜e- qasla ˜oti up ˜aqwei epaqj ˜gr w ˜yqor cia ma epitqape˜i g keitouqc˜ia pokkapk ˜ym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr (4). To pamepist ˜glio tou Cranfield ejtil ˜a ˜oti o apaito ˜u- lemor w ˜yqor st ˜ahleusgr se sumh ˜gjer amtacymislo ˜u stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym am ˜eqwetai se 104 000 m2. To stoiwe˜io aut ˜o pqoj ˜uptei ap ˜o ˜emam tupopoigl ˜emo upokocisl ˜o pou evaql ˜ofetai elpei- qij ˜a se ˜emam lec ˜ako aeqokil ˜ema tou Gmyl ˜emou Basike˜iou. O upokocisl ˜or bas˜ifetai stgm up ˜ohesg ˜oti o apaito ˜ulemor w ˜yqor st ˜ahleusgr amtistoiwe˜i se oqisl ˜emo posost ˜o tgr ˜ejtasgr tym h ˜eseym st ˜ahleu- sgr aeqosjav ˜ym (12 % cia aeqosj ˜avg stem ˜gr atq ˜a- jtou jai 22 % cia aeqosj ˜avg euqe˜iar atq ˜ajtou). ejtil ˜atai se O diah ˜esilor w ˜yqor st ˜ahleusgr 174 000 m2 peq˜ipou. G ˜ejtasg aut ˜g upokoc˜ishgje b ˜asei tym stoiwe˜iym pou paqe˜iwe g FAG ta opo˜ia tqopopoi ˜ghgjam ˜usteqa ap ˜o epihe ˜yqgsg tou w ˜yqou. T s ˜umoko tym 174 000 m2 pqoj ˜uptei ap ˜o to ˜ahqoisla tym [. ] m2 tou uvist ˜alemou w ˜yqou st ˜ahleusgr jai tym [. ] m2 pou ha e˜imai diah ˜esila sto ecc ˜ur l ˜ekkom ( ˜ejtasg boqe˜iyr tgr ep ˜ejtasgr tou diadq ˜o- lou A, B4 jai peqiow ˜er voqt˜iym 4, 5 jai 6) em ˜y avai- qo ˜umtai ta [. ] m2 ta opo˜ia ha apaitgho ˜um cia tgm jatasjeu ˜g tym m ˜eym ecjatast ˜aseym. ˜oti, em p ˜asg peqipt ˜ysei, To Cranfield pqosh ˜etei aj ˜ola jai e ˜am, ˜opyr upostgq˜ifoum g FAG jai oi s ˜ulbouko˜i tgr, ha pq ˜epei ma jataqcgho ˜um oqisl ˜emer h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym ˜yste ma eneuqeho ˜um (4) Pgc ˜g: ˜ejhesg Cranfield, Io ˜umior 1997. 11. 3. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 72/37 pq ˜oshetoi w ˜yqoi st ˜ahleusgr, g jat ˜aqcgsg aut ˜g dem ha ˜ewei ep˜iptysg stg sumokij ˜g dumalij ˜otgta tou aeqokil ˜ema, di ˜oti o paq ˜acym pou peqioq˜ifei s ˜gleqa tg dumalij ˜otgta tou aeqokil ˜ema e˜imai g dumalij ˜o- tgta tou diadq ˜olou [g elpeiq˜ia ap ˜edeine ˜oti o aqih- l ˜or tym h ˜eseym st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym epaqje˜i cia ma ijamopoi ˜gsei tg f ˜gtgsg pou amtistoiwe˜i se 85 ˜eyr 90 jim ˜gseir am ˜a ˜yqa (1)]. ˜osom avoq ˜a to l ˜ekkom, to Cranfield ˜ewei tgm T ˜ekor, ˜apoxg ˜oti dem ha up ˜aqnoum qifij ˜er letabok ˜er l ˜ewqi to 1999 jai ˜oti tuw ˜om apait ˜gseir pq ˜oshetou w ˜yqou ha amtistahlisho ˜um, letan ˜u ˜akkym, ap ˜o tg leiyl ˜emg en ˜aqtgsg ap ˜o apolajqusl ˜emer h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. D. 2. 3. Ejt˜ilgsg tym ejh˜eseym ap˜o tgm Epitqop˜g D. 2. 3. 1. NACO (36) ˜Osom avoq ˜a tom upokocisl ˜o tou apaito ˜ulemou w ˜yqou, dem engco ˜umtai oi sumtekest ˜er pokkapkasia- slo ˜u 1,30 jai 1,34 (sumokij ˜a 1,75) pou wqgsilopoie˜i g NACO. Jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia tgr ajq ˜oasgr, o ejpq ˜osypor tgr NACO paqad ˜ewtgje ˜oti oi sumtekest ˜er auto˜i dem amtipqosype ˜uoum tupopoigl ˜emg til ˜g cia tour aeqo- kil ˜emer, akk ˜a ˜oti upokoc˜ishgjam cia tgm paqo ˜usa peq˜iptysg. Dem d ˜ohgje ˜akkg en ˜gcgsg ejt ˜or ap ˜o to ˜oti ( ˜opyr d ˜gkyse g FAG aqc ˜oteqa) oi em k ˜ocy sumte- kest ˜er pqoj ˜uptoum ap ˜o ˜ema (stahlisl ˜emo) l ˜esom ˜oqo tym sumtekest ˜ym pou evaql ˜ofomtai lelomyl ˜ema cia j ˜ahe e˜idor enopkislo ˜u. Sucjqitij ˜a, g NACO sgle˜iyse ˜oti to pamepist ˜glio tou Cranfield ˜ekabe siypgq ˜a lijq ˜oteqo sumtekest ˜g 1,24 pou ep˜isgr dem apoteke˜i tupopoigl ˜emg til ˜g cia tour aeqokil ˜emer. To ˜uto apodeijm ˜uei ˜oti oi em k ˜ocy sumtekest ˜er e˜imai, em p ˜asg peqipt ˜ysei, auha˜iqetoi. (37) G lehodokoc˜ia tgr NACO odgce˜i aut ˜olata se upeqejt˜ilgsg tou apaitoul ˜emou w ˜yqou. G l ˜ehod ˜or tgr bas˜ifetai stgm up ˜ohesg ˜oti oi w ˜yqoi ˜yste st ˜ahleusgr pq ˜epei ma e˜imai swediasl ˜emoi ˜etsi ma stehle ˜uei taut ˜owqoma to s ˜umoko tou enopkislo ˜u. Upot˜ihetai dgkad ˜g ˜oti jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia liar gl ˜eqar up ˜aqwei peq˜iptysg ˜okor o enopkisl ˜or ma e˜imai stah- leul ˜emor stour w ˜yqour st ˜ahleusgr em ˜y ˜okoi oi w ˜yqoi st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym e˜imai jateikgll ˜emoi ap ˜o aeqosj ˜avg jam ˜ema ap ˜o ta opo˜ia dem enupgqe- te˜itai ap ˜o ˜emam voq ˜ea enupgq ˜etgsgr. G peq˜iptysg aut ˜g e˜imai sav ˜yr pok ˜u piham ˜o ma elvamiste˜i. Stgm pqaclatij ˜otgta, jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia tgr gl ˜eqar ˜ema lec ˜ako tl ˜gla tou enopkislo ˜u e˜ite jime˜itai e˜ite enupgqete˜i j ˜apoio aeqosj ˜avor. To ˜uto isw ˜uei id˜iyr cia ˜ema aeqokil ˜ema ˜opyr g Vqamjvo ˜uqtg, o opo˜ior elvam˜ifei dqastgqi ˜otgta jah ˜okg tg di ˜aqjeia tgr gl ˜eqar. O l ˜omor wq ˜omor jat ˜a tom opo˜io lec ˜ako tl ˜gla tou enopkislo ˜u paqal ˜emei se adq ˜ameia e˜imai (1) Pgc ˜g: ajq ˜oasg, bk ˜epe ˜ejhesg s. 43. jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia tgr m ˜uwtar. P ˜amtyr, jat ˜a tg di ˜aq- jeia tgr m ˜uwtar ta ow ˜glata tou enopkislo ˜u lpoqo ˜um le euw ˜eqeia ma stahle ˜uoum, cia paq ˜adeicla, se lg jateikgll ˜emer h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. (38) G NACO upeqejtil ˜a ep˜isgr tir epipt ˜yseir tou amta- cymislo ˜u (32 000 m2): ˜emar ˜emar — Pq ˜ytom, g ejt˜ilgsg tgr NACO ˜osom avoq ˜a tom apaito ˜ulemo pq ˜osheto jahaq ˜o w ˜yqo e ˜am epitqa- pe˜i jai ˜akkor voq ˜ear enupgq ˜etgsgr se s ˜ucjqisg le tom apaito ˜ulemo se sumh ˜gjer lomo- pyk˜iou (32 000 m2) dem e˜imai oqh ˜g. Ta 32 000 m2 dem amtipqosype ˜uoum tom apaito ˜ulemo pq ˜osheto jahaq ˜o w ˜yqo pou wqei ˜afetai epipk ˜eom voq ˜ear enupgq ˜etgsgr akk ˜a l ˜omom tom pq ˜osheto, se s ˜ucjqisg le aut ˜om pou apaite˜itai se sumh ˜gjer lomopyk˜iou, jahaq ˜o apaito ˜ulemo w ˜yqo e ˜am paqe˜iwe upgqes˜ier g Delta jai ˜emar amen ˜aqtgtor voq ˜ear enupgq ˜etgsgr (2). O apaito ˜ulemor pq ˜oshe- tor jahaq ˜or w ˜yqor pou amakoce˜i stg Delta ([. ] m2) dem ha pq ˜epei ma sumupokoc˜ifetai le tom ˜emar pq ˜osheto jahaq ˜o w ˜yqo pou wqei ˜afetai epipk ˜eom voq ˜ear enupgq ˜etgsgr cia d ˜uo k ˜ocour. Pq ˜ytom, di ˜oti dem pqoj ˜uptei ap ˜o tgm paqous˜ia em ˜or amen ˜aqtgtou voq ˜ea enupgq ˜etgsgr akk ˜a ap ˜o tg Delta. De ˜uteqom, di ˜oti em p ˜asg peqipt ˜ysei g Delta dem enupgqete˜i pk ˜eom di’ id˜iym l ˜esym jai o apaito ˜ulemor w ˜yqor pou ove˜iketai stgm enupgq ˜e- tgsg tym pt ˜gseym tgr Delta peqikalb ˜ametia ˜gdg sta [. ] m2 pou wqei ˜afetai g FAG. O apaito ˜ule- mor pq ˜oshetor jahaq ˜or w ˜yqor cia amen ˜aqtgto voq ˜ea enupgq ˜etgsgr se s ˜ucjqisg le tom apaito ˜u- lemo se sumh ˜gjer lomopyk˜iou am ˜eqwetai, jat ˜a sum ˜epeia se 18 500 m2 (=[. ]). Ha pq ˜epei ma sgleiyhe˜i ep˜isgr ˜oti g NACO ejti- lo ˜use pqogcoul ˜emyr ˜oti, jat ˜a tgm peq˜iodo pou g Delta enupgqete˜ito di’ id˜iym l ˜esym, g paqous˜ia em ˜or tq˜itou amen ˜aqtgtou voq ˜ea ha e˜iwe yr apot ˜e- kesla pq ˜osheto apaito ˜ulemo w ˜yqo [. ] m2 peq˜ipou ([. ] m2) (3). Stg sgleqim ˜g peq˜iptysg ( ˜opou g FAG e˜imai o l ˜omor voq ˜ear enupgq ˜etgsgr, di ˜oti g Delta stal ˜a- tgse tir dqastgqi ˜otgter ep˜iceiar enupgq ˜etgsgr) ha pq ˜epei ma amal ˜emetai ˜oti o sumokij ˜a apaito ˜u- lemor w ˜yqor ha aunghe˜i, e ˜am dem letabkgho ˜um oi koipo˜i paq ˜acomter, se kic ˜oteqo ap ˜o 165 000 m2 ([. ]) jai ˜owi se [. ] m2 pou apoteke˜i tgm ejt˜i- lgsg tgr NACO (jai g opo˜ia upeqba˜imei aj ˜ola jai tgm up ˜ohesg ma keitouqce˜i g FAG, g Delta jai ˜emar tq˜itor voq ˜ear enupgq ˜etgsgr). — De ˜uteqom, aj ˜olg jai g aqwij ˜g ejt˜ilgsg tgr NACO swetij ˜a le ta [. ] m2 apaito ˜ulemo pq ˜osheto lijt ˜o w ˜yqo, va˜imetai ep˜isgr ma e˜imai upeqbokij ˜g. (2) NACO 14 Lai¨ou 1997, s. 19. ˜Oka ta stoiwe˜ia tgr paqacq ˜avou aut ˜gr amav ˜eqomtai stgm pgc ˜g aut ˜g, ejt ˜or e ˜am amacq ˜avetai dia- voqetij ˜a. (3) NACO 27 Ojtybq˜iou 1995, s. 32-33. L 72/38 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 11. 3. 98 Ap ˜o tir di ˜avoqer ejtil ˜gseir tgr NACO va˜imetai ˜oti o pq ˜oshetor jahaq ˜or w ˜yqor pou wqgsilopoi- o ˜use g Delta pqoto ˜u lei ˜ysei tir pt ˜gseir tgr, ˜gtam [. ] m2 (ap ˜o to s ˜umoko tou w ˜yqou pou apaite˜ito ˜otam g Delta enupgqete˜ito di’ id˜iym l ˜esym ([. ] m2) le˜iom to s ˜umoko tou w ˜yqou pou apaite˜itai e ˜am g FAG amak ˜abei l ˜omg tgm enupgq ˜etgsg tou id˜iou aqihlo ˜u pt ˜gseym (1): ([. ] m2). G Delta enupgqeto ˜use peq˜ipou to 3 % tym aeqo- sjav ˜ym, akk ˜a to posost ˜o aut ˜o aun ˜ametai se 13,4 % e ˜am kgvhe˜i up ˜oxg g aiwl ˜g (2) (di ˜oti g Delta e˜iwe dqastgqi ˜otgta ap ˜o tir 8 p. l. ˜eyr tir 2 l. l. jai dem e˜iwe dqastgqi ˜otgta jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia tou apoce ˜ulator). Ta stoiwe˜ia aut ˜a amtistoiwo ˜um aqjet ˜a jak ˜a sta amalem ˜olema leq˜idia acoq ˜ar jai tir aiwl ˜er em ˜or meoeiseqw ˜olemou voq ˜ea enupg- q ˜etgsgr (7,8 % jai 12,4 % amt˜istoiwa, ˜opou to tekeuta˜io posost ˜o e˜imai eje˜imo pou epgqe ˜afei tom sumokij ˜a apaito ˜ulemo enopkisl ˜o). Kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg ta amyt ˜eqy jai e ˜am upote- he˜i ˜oti o m ˜eor voq ˜ear enupgq ˜etgsgr dem ha enupg- qete˜i ˜oka ta di ˜avoqa e˜idg aeqosjav ˜ym, pou e˜imai to piham ˜oteqo, (op ˜ote o m ˜eor voq ˜ear enupgq ˜e- tgsgr dem ha e˜imai upowqeyl ˜emor ma diah ˜etei j ˜ahe e˜idour enopkisl ˜o), g ejt˜ilgsg tym [. ] m2 va˜imetai upeqbokij ˜g. ˜oti g jat ˜astasg pqor ta t ˜ekg T ˜ekor sglei ˜ymetai tou ai ˜yma dem diav ˜eqei sglamtij ˜a ap ˜o tgm uvist ˜a- lemg. D. 2. 3. 2. Fraunhofer Epeid ˜g oi lek ˜eter tou Fraunhofer bas˜ifomtai stir ˜idier upoh ˜eseir ˜opyr aut ˜er tgr NACO, ta sw ˜okia swetij ˜a le tg lehodokoc˜ia tgr NACO isw ˜uoum jai cia to Fraunhofer. Epipk ˜eom, to Fraunhofer ejtil ˜a ˜oti g paqous˜ia d ˜uo voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr tym opo˜iym to sumokij ˜o leq˜i- dio acoq ˜ar ha jula˜imetai letan ˜u 30 % jai 35 % (le b ˜asg tom aqihl ˜o tym jim ˜gseym tym aeqosjav ˜ym pou enupgqeto ˜umtai ˜g tom aqihl ˜o tym diajimoul ˜emym epibat ˜ym) ha odgc ˜gsei se a ˜ungsg tou sum ˜okou tou enopkislo ˜u pou apaite˜itai cia tom aeqostahl ˜o se 107 % (le b ˜asg tgm ˜ejtasg pou jatakalb ˜ametai). G ejt˜ilgsg aut ˜g e˜imai emdewol ˜emyr, idia˜iteqa apaisi ˜o- dong. G a ˜ungsg aut ˜g enaqt ˜atai ap ˜o tir upoh ˜eseir pou ˜ecimam, cia paq ˜adeicla e ˜am g aiwl ˜g j ˜ahe voq ˜ea ep˜iceiar enupgq ˜etgsgr sulp˜iptei le tir peqi ˜odour adq ˜ameiar tou ˜akkou voq ˜ea ep˜iceiar enupgq ˜etgsgr, jai lpoqe˜i ma elvamishe˜i. P ˜amtyr, g peq˜iptysg aut ˜g e˜imai idia˜iteqa ap˜ihamo ma sulbe˜i, di ˜oti se lia eke ˜u- heqg acoq ˜a o oijomolij ˜or oqhokocisl ˜or ha odgc ˜g- sei tour meoeiseqw ˜olemour ma epik ˜enoum tour pek ˜ater ˜yste ma lpoqo ˜um ma bektistopoi ˜gsoum tg tour ˜etsi wq ˜gsg tou enopkislo ˜u tour (le peqioqisl ˜emg, sumep ˜yr, diaj ˜ulamsg tgr dqastgqi ˜otgt ˜ar tour). (39) (40) (41) (1) NACO 14 Lai¨ou 1997, s. 2. ˜Oka ta stoiwe˜ia tgr paqacq ˜avou au- t ˜gr amav ˜eqomtai stgm pgc ˜g aut ˜g, ejt ˜or e ˜am amacq ˜avetai diavo- qetij ˜a. (2) NACO 27 Ojtybq˜iou 1995, s. 7. (42) (43) T ˜ekor, g pqos ˜eccisg tou Fraunhofer g opo˜ia upokoc˜i- fei to isof ˜ucio aeqostahlo ˜u (dgkad ˜g d ˜uo diavoqe- tij ˜a isof ˜ucia, ˜ema cia tom aeqostahl ˜o 1 jai ˜ema cia tom aeqostahl ˜o 2) t˜ihetai up ˜o alvisb ˜gtgsg. Stgm up ˜aqwoum vusij ˜a s ˜umoqa pqaclatij ˜otgta dem letan ˜u tym tol ˜eym tym d ˜uo aeqostahl ˜ym. To ˜uto sgla˜imei ˜oti o enopkisl ˜or pou apaite˜itai cia tom ˜ema aeqostahl ˜o lpoqe˜i ma stahle ˜uei stgm peqiow ˜g tou ˜akkou aeqostahlo ˜u (pq ˜acla to opo˜io sulba˜imei s ˜gleqa s ˜ulvyma le to Fraunhofer). Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, g pqos ˜eccisg tou Fraunhofer upeis ˜eqwetai se lg ama- cja˜ier keptol ˜eqeier. D. 2. 3. 3. Penwarden Kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg to wq ˜omo pou paq ˜gkhe, g ˜ejhesg Penwarden va˜imetai ma e˜imai pakai ˜a jai dem wqei ˜afetai keptoleq ˜gr swokiasl ˜or. P ˜amtyr, to h ˜ela pou h ˜etei o j. Penwarden ˜osom avoq ˜a tg wq ˜gsg tym w ˜yqym c ˜uqy ap ˜o tir h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym pq ˜epei ma swokiashe˜i. (44) G ejtetal ˜elg wq ˜gsg tym w ˜yqym c ˜uqy ap ˜o tir h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym cia lajqowq ˜omia st ˜ah- ˜opyr pqote˜imetai ap ˜o tom j. leusg tou enopkislo ˜u, Penwarden, ha e˜imai pqobkglatij ˜g stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr le sumh ˜gjer amtacymislo ˜u. O k ˜ocor e˜imai ˜oti g wq ˜gsg tym wyq ˜ym c ˜uqy ap ˜o tir h ˜eseir stahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym yr ejt ˜aseym st ˜ah- leusgr e˜imai swetij ˜a e ˜ujoko ma oqcamyhe˜i ev ˜osom oi voqe˜ir enupgq ˜etgsgr eqc ˜afomtai le b ˜asg «jatame- lgl ˜emer h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr» (pou apojke˜ietai cia k ˜ocour euekin˜iar) akk ˜a e˜imai dusjok ˜oteqo se diavo- qetij ˜g peq˜iptysg. [. ] apojkeistij ˜a jai P ˜amtyr, ap ˜o tgm pqosolo˜iysg tou swed˜iou pt ˜gsgr pou paqe˜iwe g Fraunhofer (3) va˜imetai ˜oti oqisl ˜emer h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr ˜ewoum paqawyqghe˜i de facto stg [. ] swed ˜om Lufthansa: apojkeistij ˜a (dgkad ˜g l ˜omo lia pt ˜gsg aeqopoqij ˜gr etaiqe˜iar ejt ˜or tgr Lufthansa tgm ebdol ˜ada). O aqih- l ˜or aut ˜or emd ˜ewetai piham ˜otata ma aunghe˜i ap ˜o tom voq ˜ea ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema wyq˜ir sgla- mtij ˜g ep˜iptysg stgm apodotij ˜otgta tou aeqokil ˜ema. To ˜uto sgla˜imei ˜oti tl ˜glata tym wyq ˜ym c ˜uqy ap ˜o tir h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym pou amtistoi- wo ˜um se aut ˜er tir h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym ha lpoqo ˜usam ma wqgsilopoigho ˜um yr w ˜yqoi st ˜ahleu- sgr tgr etaiqe˜iar pou ˜ewei amak ˜abei tgm enupgq ˜etgsg tgr Lufthansa. Le tgm ˜apoxg aut ˜g va˜imetai ma sulvyme˜i g NACO g opo˜ia heyqe˜i yr w ˜yqour st ˜ah- leusgr tl ˜glata tym wyq ˜ym c ˜uqy ap ˜o tir h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. (45) D. 2. 3. 4. Pamepist ˜glio tou Cranfield To pamepist ˜glio tou Cranfield upeqejtil ˜a to diah ˜e- silo w ˜yqo st ˜ahleusgr. ˜opyr upostgq˜ifei To ˜uto dem ove˜iketai sto cemom ˜or, ˜oti to Cranfield upok ˜ocise dipk ˜a ta [. ] m2. g FAG, O k ˜ocor e˜imai ˜oti jat ˜a tom upokocisl ˜o tou diah ˜e- silou s ˜gleqa w ˜yqou, kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg tgm en ˜eking sto ecc ˜ur l ˜ekkom, to Cranfield ha ˜epqepe ma (3) Fraunhofer 27 Ioum˜iou 1997, tekeuta˜io paq ˜aqtgla. 11. 3. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 72/39 e˜iwe k ˜abei yr b ˜asg ta stoiwe˜ia pou amav ˜eqei g FAG (1) dgkad ˜g [. ] m2 amt˜i tgr ˜ejtasgr pou upok ˜o- cise g NACO tym [. ] m2. G ejt˜ilgsg tgr FAG amtistoiwe˜i jak ˜uteqa stgm pqaclatij ˜otgta jat ˜a to wq ˜omo pou to Cranfield epesj ˜evhg to w ˜yqo st ˜ahleu- sgr aeqosjav ˜ym stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamj- vo ˜uqtgr. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, yr sumokij ˜a diah ˜esilor w ˜yqor ˜epqepe ma amaveqho ˜um 164 000 m2. ˜Osom avoq ˜a tom apaito ˜ulemo w ˜yqo, isw ˜uei jai cia to Cranfield g ˜idia jqitij ˜g pou ˜ecime cia tg NACO stgm aitiokocij ˜g sj ˜exg 36, di ˜oti va˜imetai ˜oti g l ˜ehodor upokocislo ˜u pou wqgsilopoi ˜ghgje dem apoteke˜i tupopoigl ˜emg l ˜ehodo cia tour aeqokil ˜emer. (46) D. 3. Pujm ˜otgta jai asv ˜akeia jujkovoq˜iar (47) G FAG upost ˜gqine ˜oti g eisacyc ˜g amtacymislo ˜u stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym ha odgc ˜gsei se a ˜ungsg tgr pujm ˜otgtar jujkovoq˜iar. G uxgk ˜o- teqg pujm ˜otgta jujkovoq˜iar ha ˜ewei yr apot ˜ekesla lecak ˜uteqer jahusteq ˜gseir (k ˜ocy tou lecak ˜uteqou wq ˜omou j˜imgsgr sto w ˜yqo st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym) jai se le˜iysg tgr asv ˜akeiar (k ˜ocy tou lecak ˜uteqou aqihlo ˜u atuwgl ˜atym). (51) (48) Cia ma upostgq˜inei to epiwe˜iqgla aut ˜o g FAG wqgsi- lopo˜igse pqosolei ˜yseir le gkejtqomij ˜o upokocist ˜g. (52) G pq ˜ytg pqosolo˜iysg pou up ˜ebake g FAG (2) sum ˜e- jqime tgm peq˜iptysg tou lomopyk˜iou le tgm peq˜i- ptysg keitouqc˜iar tess ˜aqym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr. ˜oti o aqihl ˜or tym jim ˜gseym ˜Edeiwme, letan ˜u ˜akkym, (letqo ˜ulemer stir 20 peqiss ˜oteqo wqgsilopoio ˜ulemer diastauq ˜yseir) ha aunghe˜i jat ˜a l ˜eso ˜oqo jat ˜a 18 % (g diaj ˜ulamsg se j ˜ahe diasta ˜uqysg jula˜imetai ap ˜o – 13 % se + 40 %). tgm P ˜amtyr, g FAG up ˜ebake stg sum ˜eweia de ˜uteqg pqosolo˜iysg (3) peq˜iptysg sucjq˜imomtar keitouqc˜iar tgr FAG jai tgr Delta le tgm peq˜iptysg keitouqc˜iar tgr FAG, tgr Delta jai em ˜or amen ˜aqtgtou voq ˜ea enupgq ˜etgsgr. Jat ˜ekgne sto sulp ˜eqasla ˜oti dem up ˜aqwei sglamtij ˜g diavoq ˜a letan ˜u tym d ˜uo peqi- pt ˜yseym. O ˜ute ˜akker pqosoloi ˜yseir pou up ˜ebake g FAG elvam˜ifoum sglamtij ˜g letabok ˜g e ˜am epitqape˜i o amtacymisl ˜or. To tekeuta˜io te˜imei ma epibebai ˜ysei tgm ˜apoxg tou ˜akkym ˜oti, lokom ˜oti g paqous˜ia jai Cranfield voq ˜eym ep˜iceiar enupgq ˜etgsgr ha odgc ˜gsei piham ˜o- tata se lecak ˜uteqo s ˜umoko enopkislo ˜u, o enopki- sl ˜or aut ˜or dem ha pqojak ˜esei a ˜ungsg tgr jujkovo- q˜iar. Amtih ˜etyr, e˜imai idia˜iteqa piham ˜om ma sgleiy- he˜i lekkomtij ˜a le˜iysg tym qo ˜ym jujkovoq˜iar, k ˜ocy tgr amalem ˜olemgr leiyl ˜emgr en ˜aqtgsgr ap ˜o apola- jqusl ˜emer h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr. (49) (50) To Cranfield sglei ˜ymei p ˜amtyr, ˜oti g woq ˜gcgsg ade˜iar se upeqbokij ˜a lec ˜ako aqihl ˜o voq ˜eym enupg- q ˜etgsgr emd ˜ewetai ma pqojak ˜esei le˜iysg asv ˜akeiar. (1) Epistok ˜g tgr FAG tgr 16gr Lai¨ou 1997. (2) NACO 18 Ioum˜iou 1997, s. 50. (3) NACO 17 Vebqouaq˜iou 1995, s. 44. ˜oti g asv ˜akeia sumd ˜eetai le to O k ˜ocor e˜imai ep˜ipedo jat ˜aqtisgr tou pqosypijo ˜u jai ˜oti o voq ˜ear enupgq ˜etgsgr le pok ˜u lijq ˜o leq˜idio acoq ˜ar ha ˜ewei tgm t ˜asg ma lgm jataqt˜ifei epaqj ˜yr to pqosypij ˜o tou. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, to Cranfield pq ˜oteime ma up ˜aqnoum tqeir voqe˜ir enupgq ˜etgsgr jat’ am ˜ytato ˜oqio (FAG+ 2) ˜yste ma up ˜aqwoum epaqj ˜g peqih ˜yqia cia ˜okour stgm acoq ˜a. T ˜ekor, to Cranfield sglei ˜ymei ˜oti ha pq ˜epei ma kgvhe˜i idia˜iteqg l ˜eqilma sto j ˜emtqo tou aeqostahlo ˜u 1 (dgkad ˜g to s ˜umoko tou aeqostahlo ˜u le ena˜iqesg tg s ˜umdesg le tom aeqostahl ˜o 2 jai to b ˜oqeio tl ˜gla tou diadq ˜olou A) ˜opou to odij ˜o s ˜ustgla e˜imai peqioqisl ˜emo (jai paqousi ˜afetai sulv ˜oqgsg) k ˜ocy tou swediaslo ˜u tou aeqostahlo ˜u. G ˜upaqng em ˜or de ˜uteqou voq ˜ea enupgq ˜etgsgr se lijq ˜o leq˜idio acoq ˜ar sto tl ˜gla tou aeqostahlo ˜u 1 ˜opou dem enupgqeto ˜umtai pt ˜gseir tgr Lufthansa (juq˜iyr sta adi ˜enoda pou swglat˜ifomtai ap ˜o to amatokij ˜o ˜ajqo tou diadq ˜olou B jai tou diadq ˜olou C) ha pqojak ˜e- sei jim ˜gseir tou enopkislo ˜u emd ˜ewetai ma stqaccak˜i- soum tgm jujkovoq˜ia. D. 4. Ek ˜awistor wq ˜omor amtap ˜ojqisgr (MCT) O MCT e˜imai o ek ˜awistor wq ˜omor pou apaite˜itai cia ˜emam epib ˜atg jai tir aposjeu ˜er tou, ˜yste ma epibiba- sto ˜um se lia pt ˜gsg amtap ˜ojqisgr. O MCT apoteke˜i sglamtij ˜o amtacymistij ˜o pkeom ˜ejtgla cia ˜emam aeqokil ˜ema letepib˜ibasgr ˜opyr aut ˜or tgr Vqamj- vo ˜uqtgr. G FAG eccu ˜atai ek ˜awisto wq ˜omo amtap ˜ojqisgr 45Y, ˜emam ap ˜o tour sumtol ˜oteqour stgm Euq ˜ypg. To aut ˜o- lato s ˜ustgla letavoq ˜ar aposjeu ˜ym diadqalat˜ifei jemtqij ˜o q ˜oko sto pka˜isio aut ˜o, di ˜oti e˜imai se h ˜esg ma letav ˜eqei lia aposjeu ˜g ap ˜o to ˜ema ˜ajqo tou aeqokil ˜ema sto ˜akko se 20Y. (53) G FAG upost ˜gqine ˜oti g eisacyc ˜g amtacymislo ˜u ha epidq ˜asei aqmgtij ˜a stom MCT. Jat ˜a tgm ˜apoxg tgr FAG, o amen ˜aqtgtor voq ˜ear enupgq ˜etgsgr dem ha e˜imai se h ˜esg ma letav ˜eqei tour epib ˜ater jai tir aposjeu ˜er tour le tgm ˜idia taw ˜utgta ˜opyr g FAG. II. MOLIJG EJTILGSG A. OI ACOQES JAI G DESPOFOUSA HESG (54) peqikalb ˜amomtai paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg Stgm d ˜uo acoq ˜er. Pq ˜ytom, g acoq ˜a cia tgm paqow ˜g aeqokile- mij ˜ym ecjatast ˜aseym cia tgm pqosce˜iysg jai tgm apoce˜iysg aeqosjav ˜ym stgm peqiow ˜g tgr Vqamj- vo ˜uqtgr) stgm opo˜ia g FAG pqoba˜imei se jat ˜awqgsg tgr desp ˜ofousar h ˜esgr pou jat ˜ewei. De ˜uteqom, g acoq ˜a cia tgm enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleu- sgr aeqosjav ˜ym l ˜esa stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamj- vo ˜uqtgr, stgm opo˜ia elvam˜ifomtai oi epipt ˜yseir ap ˜o tgm em k ˜ocy jat ˜awqgsg. L 72/40 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 11. 3. 98 A. 1. G acoq ˜a cia tgm paqow ˜g aeqokilemij ˜ym tgr aeqokil ˜ema stom ecjatast ˜aseym Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr A. 1. 1. Oqisl˜or tgr acoq˜ar (55) G acoq ˜a tgr swetij ˜gr upgqes˜iar e˜imai g paqow ˜g aeqokilemij ˜ym ecjatast ˜aseym pou epitq ˜epoum tgm pqosce˜iysg jai tgm apoce˜iysg aeqosjav ˜ym. Tir ecjatast ˜aseir aut ˜er diah ˜etei o voq ˜ear ejlet ˜akkeu- sgr tou aeqokil ˜ema o opo˜ior eispq ˜attei swetij ˜o amt˜itilo. (56) G ceycqavij ˜g acoq ˜a amavoq ˜ar e˜imai o aeqokil ˜emar tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr. — Lia aeqopoqij ˜g etaiqe˜ia g opo˜ia epihule˜i ma paq ˜ewei upgqes˜ia apeuhe˜iar aeqopoqij ˜gr letavo- q ˜ar pqor ˜g ap ˜o lia sucjejqil ˜emg p ˜okg ˜g peqiv ˜e- qeia, stg sucjejqil ˜emg peq˜iptysg tgm p ˜okg, tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr jai tgm peqib ˜akkousa aut ˜g peqiow ˜g ap’ ˜opou sucjemtq ˜ymomtai epib ˜ater, dem ˜ewei tg dumat ˜otgta ma epik ˜enei letan ˜u diavoqe- tij ˜ym aeqokil ˜emym cia ma ejtek ˜esei tg swetij ˜g pt ˜gsg. Stgm peqiow ˜g jomt ˜a stg Vqamjvo ˜uqtg dem up ˜aqwoum ˜akkoi diehme˜ir aeqokil ˜emer oi opo˜ioi ma lpoqo ˜um ma heyqgho ˜um yr upojat ˜astata cia tgm paqow ˜g upgqesi ˜ym apeuhe˜iar aeqopoqij ˜gr leta- voq ˜ar pqor jai ap ˜o tg Vqamjvo ˜uqtg jai tgm peqiv ˜eqei ˜a tgr. Oi aeqokil ˜emer, pou bq˜isjomtai se lecak ˜uteqg ap ˜o lia sucjejqil ˜emg ap ˜ostasg dem lpoqo ˜um, qeakistij ˜a, ma heyqgho ˜um ˜oti apoteko ˜um upojat ˜astata ev ˜osom pq ˜ojeitai cia apeuhe˜iar aeqopoqij ˜g s ˜umdesg. To ˜uto sulba˜imei le tour pkgsi ˜esteqour stg Vqamjvo ˜uqtg diehme˜ir aeqokil ˜emer (˜Alsteqmtal - Schiphol jai Fuq˜iwg) pou bq˜isjomtai se ap ˜ostasg lecak ˜uteqg tym 300 km. — O amtacymisl ˜orr letan ˜u aeqokil ˜emym e˜imai sglamtij ˜or l ˜omom ev ˜osom o aeqokil ˜emar apote- ke˜i j ˜olbo (Hub) dgkad ˜g sgle˜io letepib˜ibasgr se pt ˜gseirr pou ejteko ˜um amtap ˜ojqisg. G FAG t ˜omise tg sglas˜ia tou aeqokil ˜ema yr j ˜olbou, amav ˜eqomtar ˜oti to [. ] % tou sum ˜okou tym epibat ˜ym stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr e˜imai dieqw ˜olemoi epib ˜ater. Amav ˜eqetai swetij ˜a ˜oti uv˜istatai amtacymi- stij ˜g sw ˜esg letan ˜u tym diav ˜oqym lec ˜akym euqy- paˇij ˜ym aeqokil ˜emym cia to s ˜umoko tgr j˜imgsgr, dgkad ˜g j˜imgsg le emdi ˜aleso stahl ˜o pou wqgsi- ˜emam aeqokil ˜ema yr sgle˜io letepib˜i- lopoie˜i basgr. P ˜amtyr, g j˜imgsg cia tir amtapojq˜iseir dem kalb ˜ametai up ˜oxg cia tg sumokij ˜g j˜imgsg em ˜or aeqokil ˜ema jai to lecak ˜uteq ˜o tgr l ˜eqor ha apoteke˜i j˜imgsg cia tgm opo˜ia o em k ˜ocy aeqoki- l ˜emar ha apoteke˜i e˜ite avetgq˜ia e˜ite t ˜eqla tgr diadqol ˜gr. To ˜uto isw ˜uei ep˜isgr jai cia tom aeqo- kil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr, kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg ˜oti — le b ˜asg ta amyt ˜eqy stoiwe˜ia pou paqe˜iwe g FAG — swed ˜om to [. ] % tym epibat ˜ym tou aeqokil ˜ema e˜imai epib ˜ater pou bq˜isjomtai stgm avetgq˜ia ˜g sto t ˜eqla tou tanidio ˜u. — P ˜eqam to ˜utou, ˜osom avoq ˜a tg letapibibaf ˜olemg j˜imgsg, g Epitqop ˜g heyqe˜i ˜oti aj ˜ola jai stgm peq˜iptysg pou sucjejqil ˜emor aeqokil ˜ema wqgsi- lopoie˜itai yr j ˜olbor , g dumat ˜otgta upojat ˜a- stasgr peqioq˜ifetai se lijq ˜o tl ˜gla tgr sumoki- j ˜gr j˜imgsgr tou em k ˜ocy aeqokil ˜ema. Lecak ˜uteqg dumat ˜otgta upojat ˜astasgrr ˜ewoum oi lg euqy- paˇij ˜er aeqopoqij ˜er etaiqe˜ier paq ˜a oi euqypaˇij ˜er etaiqe˜ier, di ˜oti oi tekeuta˜ier ha ˜ewoum tgm t ˜asg ma ecjatast ˜gsoum to j ˜emtqo tour stg w ˜yqa pqo ˜ekeus ˜gr tour. Va˜imetai ap˜ihamo, cia paq ˜a- deicla, g Lufthansa ma ecjatast ˜gsei to j ˜emtqo tgr ejt ˜or Ceqlam˜iar, di ˜oti to d˜ijtuo tou em k ˜ocy aeqoletavoq ˜ea peqikalb ˜amei, vusij ˜a, di ˜avoqer esyteqij ˜er diadqol ˜er jai dem va˜imetai ma up ˜aq- wei jat ˜akkgkor emakkajtij ˜or ceqlamij ˜or aeqoki- l ˜emar cia ma apotek ˜esei j ˜emtqo tgr Lufthansa (touk ˜awistom bqawupq ˜ohesla). Kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg to cecom ˜or ˜oti peqiss ˜oteqo ap ˜o to 60 % ˜okym tym letepibibaf ˜olemym epiba- t ˜ym stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr e˜imai epib ˜ater tgr Lufthansa, g dumat ˜otgta upojat ˜a- ˜akkym stasgr letan ˜u tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr jai lec ˜akym euqypaˇij ˜ym aeqokil ˜emym lpoqe˜i ma ejtilghe˜i peq˜ipou sto 15 ˜eyr 20 % tou sum ˜okou tym epibat ˜ym stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamj- vo ˜uqtgr. A. 1. 2 Sglamtij˜o tl˜gla tgr joim˜gr acoq˜ar (57) O aeqokil ˜emar tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr apoteke˜i sgla- mtij ˜o tl ˜gla tgr joim ˜gr acoq ˜ar. To Dijast ˜gqio tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym diap˜i- styse stgm ap ˜ovasg tgr 10gr Dejelbq˜iou 1991 stgm up ˜ohesg C-179/90, «kil ˜emar tgr C ˜emouar» (1), ˜oti g acoq ˜a tgr oqc ˜amysgr kilemij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym ep˜i sum ˜g- hour voqt˜iou emt ˜or tou kil ˜ema tgr C ˜emouar jai tgr ejtek ˜eseyr tym eqcasi ˜ym aut ˜ym lpoqe˜i ma heyqghe˜i ˜oti sumist ˜a sglamtij ˜o tl ˜gla tgr joim ˜gr acoq ˜ar. id˜iyr, Stgm ap ˜ovasg aut ˜g to Dijast ˜gqio ˜ekabe, up ˜oxg tom ˜ocjo tgr j˜imgsgr tou em k ˜ocy kil ˜ema jai tg sglas˜ia tou se sw ˜esg pqor to s ˜umoko tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym hak ˜assiar eisacyc ˜gr jai enacyc ˜gr stgm Itak˜ia, to swetij ˜o jq ˜ator l ˜ekor. (58) O aeqokil ˜emar tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr lpoqe˜i ma heyqg- he˜i ˜oti sumist ˜a sglamtij ˜o tl ˜gla tgr joim ˜gr acoq ˜ar. E˜imai lecak ˜uteqor diehm ˜gr aeqokil ˜emar tgr Ceqla- m˜iar jai l ˜esy auto ˜u diajime˜itai o lecak ˜uteqor ˜ocjor j˜imgsgr se ˜oqour epibat ˜ym, voqt˜iou ˜g jim ˜g- seym elpoqij ˜ym aeqosjav ˜ym (bk ˜epe amyt ˜eqy aitio- kocij ˜g sj ˜exg 2). A. 1. 3. G desp˜ofousa h˜esg (59) Le b ˜asg tg swetij ˜g ceqlamij ˜g molohes˜ia, g FAG diah ˜etei to lomop ˜ykio tgr ejlet ˜akkeusgrr tou aeqo- kil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr yr ecjat ˜astasg cia tgm pqosce˜iysg jai tgm apoce˜iysg aeqosjav ˜ym. (1) Sukkoc ˜g 1991, s. I-5889. 11. 3. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 72/41 S ˜ulvyma le tgm ap ˜ovasg tou Dijastgq˜iou tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym tgr 3gr Ojtybq˜iou 1985 stgm up ˜ohesg 311/84, (Telemarketing) (1), to ˜aqhqo 86 evaql ˜ofetai se epiweiq ˜gseir oi opo˜ier jat ˜ewoum desp ˜ofousa h ˜esg se sucjejqil ˜emg acoq ˜a aj ˜ola jai ˜otam g h ˜esg aut ˜g ove˜iketai ˜owi stg dqastgqi ˜otgta tym ˜idiym tym epiweiq ˜gseym akk ˜a sto cecom ˜or ˜oti k ˜ocy molohetij ˜ym ˜g jamomistij ˜ym diat ˜aneym stgm acoq ˜a aut ˜g dem lpoqe˜i ma up ˜aqnei amtacymisl ˜or ˜g lpoqe˜i ma up ˜aqnei l ˜omo enaiqetij ˜a peqioqisl ˜emor amtacymisl ˜or. A. 1. 4. Sulp˜eqasla (60) G FAG jat ˜ewei to lomop ˜ykio stgm acoq ˜a cia tgm paqow ˜g aeqokilemij ˜ym ecjatast ˜aseym cia tgm pqos- ce˜iysg jai apoce˜iysg aeqosjav ˜ym stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr. Jat ˜ewei desp ˜ofousa h ˜esg se sglamtij ˜o tl ˜gla tgr joim ˜gr acoq ˜ar. G FAG, stgm ap ˜amtgs ˜g tgr stgm joimopo˜igsg tym aiti ˜aseym d ˜ewhgje ˜oti jat ˜ewei desp ˜ofousa h ˜esg stgm acoq ˜a cia tgm paqow ˜g aeqokilemij ˜gr upodol ˜gr ˜oti o aeqokil ˜emar tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr apoteke˜i jai avem ˜or lem tgm ceycqavij ˜g acoq ˜a amavoq ˜ar avet ˜e- qou de sglamtij ˜o tl ˜gla tgr joim ˜gr acoq ˜ar. A. 2. G acoq ˜a cia tgm paqow ˜g ep˜iceiar enupgq ˜etg- sgr stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr A. 2. 1. Oqisl˜or tgr acoq˜ar (61) Cia tour sjopo ˜ur tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr, g de ˜uteqg enetaf ˜olemg acoq ˜a e˜imai g acoq ˜a pou avoq ˜a tgm enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym pou paq ˜ewei g FAG, dgkad ˜g g enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym pou amav ˜eqetai stgm aitiokocij ˜g sj ˜exg 20, ejt ˜or ap ˜o tir upgqes˜ier amevodiaslo ˜u le ja ˜usila jai tqovodos˜iar. (62) Lokom ˜oti g enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym peqikalb ˜amei di ˜avoqer dqastgqi ˜otgter (bk ˜epe amyt ˜eqy), oi dqastgqi ˜otgter aut ˜er dem swglat˜ifoum ˜ema oloiocem ˜er s ˜umoko. Oi swetij ˜er upgqes˜ier, lokom ˜oti paq ˜ewomtai stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ah- leusgr aeqosjav ˜ym apaito ˜um, jat ˜a cemij ˜o jam ˜oma, sucjejqil ˜emg tewmij ˜g jai keitouqcij ˜g tewmocmys˜ia jai ijamopoio ˜um diavoqetij ˜er am ˜acjer. Jat ˜a sum ˜e- peia, dem apojke˜ietai, j ˜ahe upgqes˜ia ma pq ˜epei ma heyqghe˜i yr acoq ˜a diavoqetij ˜gr upgqes˜iar. P ˜amtyr to leq˜idio tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr peqikal- b ˜amei ˜oker tir upgqes˜ier pou paq ˜ewei g FAG se apojkeistij ˜g b ˜asg jai to cecom ˜or ˜oti oi em k ˜ocy upgqes˜ier heyqo ˜umtai yr emia˜ia acoq ˜a dem epgqe ˜afei tgm aniok ˜ocgsg ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm jat ˜awqgsg tgr desp ˜ofousar h ˜esgr. Ha amav ˜eqomtai sumokij ˜a yr «enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqo- sjav ˜ym». (63) G lec ˜akg pkeioxgv˜ia tym upgqesi ˜ym stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym pq ˜epei ma paq ˜ewetai se (1) Sukkoc ˜g 1985, s. 3261. ˜udator j ˜ahe emdi ˜aleso stahl ˜o em ˜or aeqosj ˜avour se ˜ema aeqokil ˜ema jai, jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, dem lpoqe˜i ma pqos- dioqiste˜i se ˜akko aeqokil ˜ema. Emd ˜ewetai ma up ˜aq- woum oqisl ˜emer enaiq ˜eseir, cia paq ˜adeicla, stgm peq˜iptysg d ˜uo akkep ˜akkgkym pt ˜gseym lijqo ˜u wqomi- jo ˜u diast ˜glator emd ˜ewetai ma lgm e˜imai amacja˜ia g upgqes˜ia paqow ˜gr ˜g/jai jahaqislo ˜u tym w ˜yqym ucieim ˜gr stm aeqokil ˜ema pou pqaclatopoi- e˜itai o emdi ˜alesor stahl ˜or. P ˜amtyr, to ˜uto va˜imetai ma apoteke˜i pok ˜u peqioqisl ˜emg ena˜iqesg jai g epikoc ˜g l ˜akkom ha epgqe ˜afetai ap ˜o ˜akkour paq ˜a- comter ta yq ˜aqia tym pt ˜gseym tgr swetij ˜gr aeqopoqij ˜gr etaiqe˜iar, pou epgqe ˜afomtai le tg seiq ˜a tour ap ˜o tg diahesil ˜otgta tou swetijo ˜u wqomijo ˜u diast ˜glator stom sucjejqi- l ˜emo aeqokil ˜ema. Sumep ˜acetai ˜oti dem up ˜aqwei epaq- j ˜gr dumat ˜otgta upojat ˜astasgr ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm acoq ˜a tgr enupgq ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym jai g ceycqavij ˜g acoq ˜a amavoq ˜ar pou ha pq ˜epei ma enetaste˜i e˜imai jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, o aeqo- kil ˜emar tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr. ˜opyr, cia paq ˜adeicla, A. 2. 2. G enupgq˜etgsg stgm peqiow˜g st˜ahleusgr aeqosjav˜ym yr wyqist˜g acoq˜a (64) G FAG upost ˜gqine ˜oti o oqisl ˜or tym d ˜uo diavoqeti- j ˜ym acoq ˜ym (bk ˜epe amyt ˜eqy) e˜imai esvakl ˜emor. Jat ˜a tgm ˜apox ˜g tgr, g paqow ˜g aeqokilemij ˜ym ecja- tast ˜aseym cia tgm pqosce˜iysg jai tgm apoce˜iysg aeqosjav ˜ym dem lpoqe˜i ma diawyqiste˜i ap ˜o tgm enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym, di ˜oti g l˜ia e˜imai sulpkgqylatij ˜g tgr ˜akkgr. Jat ˜a tgm ˜apox ˜g tgr, jai oi d ˜uo upgqes˜ier apoteko ˜um, jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, emia˜ia acoq ˜a. (65) Ap ˜o tgm en ˜etasg tgr dumat ˜otgtar upojat ˜astasgr ˜oti g enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleu- va˜imetai sgr aeqosjav ˜ym jai g paqow ˜g aeqokilemij ˜ym ecja- tast ˜aseym cia tgm pqosce˜iysg jai tgm apoce˜iysg aeqosjav ˜ym apoteko ˜um d ˜uo wyqist ˜er (paqapk ˜gsier) acoq ˜er. — ˜Osom avoq ˜a tgm pkeuq ˜a tgr f ˜gtgsgr (dgkad ˜g tour aeqoletavoqe˜ir), dem up ˜aqwei piham ˜otgta upojat ˜astasgr letan ˜u tym d ˜uo upgqesi ˜ym jai, jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, o ˜ute stauqoeid ˜gr ekastij ˜otgta tgr til ˜gr yr pqor tg f ˜gtgsg. Jat ˜a tgm ˜apox ˜g tour, oi upgqes˜ier pou avoqo ˜um tgm paqow ˜g ecja- tast ˜aseym cia tgm pqosce˜iysg jai tgm apoce˜i- ysg aeqosjav ˜ym diav ˜eqoum jai dem e˜imai emak- k ˜aniler le tgm enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ah- leusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. G ˜apoxg aut ˜g stgq˜ifetai epipk ˜eom jai ap ˜o to cecom ˜or ˜oti oi pek ˜ater tou aeqokil ˜ema (oi aeqo- poqij ˜er etaiqe˜ier) dem jatab ˜akoum ˜ema sumokij ˜o pos ˜o cia to s ˜umoko tym paqewol ˜emy upgqesi ˜ym akk ˜a tilokoco ˜umtai le d ˜uo wyqist ˜a t ˜ekg (t ˜ekg pqosce˜iysgr jai t ˜ekg ep˜iceiar enupgq ˜etgsgr). Epipk ˜eom, g FAG ˜aqwise pq ˜osvata ma evaql ˜ofei m ˜eo s ˜ustgla tilok ˜ocgsgr, s ˜ulvyma le to opo˜io oi aeqopoqij ˜er etaiqe˜ier lpoqo ˜um ma epik ˜enoum tir upgqes˜ier pou epihulo ˜um ma tour paq ˜ewomtai jai tilokoco ˜umtai am ˜akoca. L 72/42 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 11. 3. 98 ˜Opyr oqh ˜a t ˜omise g FAG, o k ˜ocor cia tom opo˜io dem up ˜aqwei dumat ˜otgta upojat ˜astasgr e˜imai ˜oti g paqow ˜g ecjatast ˜aseym pqosce˜iysgr jai apoce˜iysgr jai g enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym apoteko ˜um d ˜uo sulpkg- qylatij ˜er ˜g boghgtij ˜er keitouqc˜ier. P ˜amtyr, o bahl ˜or tgr sulpkgqylatij ˜otgt ˜ar tour dem e˜imai t ˜etoior ˜yste oi upgqes˜ier aut ˜er ma paq ˜ewomtai upowqeytij ˜a ap ˜o tom ˜idio voq ˜ea. — ˜Osom avoq ˜a tgm pkeuq ˜a tgr pqosvoq ˜ar, va˜imetai ˜oti oi acoq ˜er cia tgm paqow ˜g aeqokilemij ˜ym ecjatast ˜aseym cia tgm pqosce˜iysg jai tgm apoce˜iysg cia tgm enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym e˜imai sglamtij ˜a diavo- qetij ˜er ap ˜o tgm ˜apoxg aut ˜g. G paqow ˜g aeqokile- mij ˜ym ecjatast ˜aseym cia tgm pqosce˜iysg jai tgm apoce˜iysg aeqosjav ˜ym elvam˜ifei suwm ˜a ta waqajtgqistij ˜a em ˜or vusijo ˜u lomopyk˜iou (k ˜ocy tgr ˜ekkeixgr dumat ˜otgtar upojat ˜astasgr stgm pkeuq ˜a tgr pqosvoq ˜ar). Amt˜iheta, up ˜aqwei duma- t ˜otgta amtacymislo ˜u ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm enupgq ˜e- tgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym, ev ˜osom epitqape˜i g keitouqc˜ia emakkajtij ˜ym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. Pq ˜aclati, g enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ah- leusgr aeqosjav ˜ym emd ˜ewetai, akk ˜a dem e˜imai apaqa˜itgto, ma paq ˜ewetai ap ˜o tom voq ˜ea ejle- t ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema yr voq ˜ea pou diah ˜etei tir ecjatast ˜aseir. Lpoqe˜i ep˜isgr ma paq ˜ewetai ap ˜o ˜akkour, dgkad ˜g aeqopoqij ˜er etaiqe˜ier ˜g amen ˜aqtgtour voqe˜ir, ˜opyr sulba˜imei se di ˜avo- qour ˜akkour euqypaˇijo ˜ur aeqokil ˜emer. ˜Osom avoq ˜a to sgle˜io aut ˜o, to ecweiq˜idio tou «ICAO Airport Economics Manual» ( ˜eccqavo 9562, pq ˜ytg ˜ejdosg 1991, paq ˜aqtgla 1) amav ˜eqei sto jev ˜akaio 2 sgle˜io 2. 11, ˜oti to amtije˜ilemo tym upgqesi ˜ym jai tym tol ˜eym pou sum ˜ghyr, apote- ko ˜um aqlodi ˜otgta tou voq ˜ea ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema, peqikalb ˜amei: «tir peqiss ˜oteqer ap ˜o ˜g jai ˜oker tir aj ˜okouher: peqiow ˜er j˜imgsgr aeqo- sjav ˜ym, ecjatast ˜aseir aeqostahlo ˜u, ecjata- st ˜aseir voqt˜iou, peqiow ˜er st ˜ahleusgr aeqo- sjav ˜ym, ecjatast ˜aseir upost ˜ecym, ˜ekecwor ema ˜e- qiar jujkovoq˜iar sulpeqikalbamol ˜emym tym epijoimymi ˜ym jai, oqisl ˜emer voq ˜er, leteyqoko- cij ˜er upgqes˜ier». G paqow ˜g ep˜iceiar enupgq ˜etg- sgr dem amav ˜eqetai stom jat ˜akoco aut ˜o. ˜oti P ˜amtyr, g Epitqop ˜g d ˜ewetai to aut ˜olato s ˜ustgla taimi ˜odqolou cia tg diakoc ˜g jai tg leta- voq ˜a tym aposjeu ˜ym apoteke˜i apotekeslatij ˜o eqcake˜io pou epitq ˜epei tg b ˜ektistg wq ˜gsg tgr upodol ˜gr. Dem heyqe˜itai piham ˜o ˜oti oi emakkajtijo˜i voqe˜ir ha e˜imai se h ˜esg ma pqosv ˜eqoum apotekesla- tij ˜o emakkajtij ˜o tq ˜opo letavoq ˜ar tym aposjeu ˜ym ap ˜o tom aeqostahl ˜o stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqo- sjav ˜ym jai amtistq ˜ovyr. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, dem apei- ke˜itai to lomop ˜ykio tgr FAG stom em k ˜ocy tol ˜ea. (66) G FAG upost ˜gqine ˜oti g sulpkgqylatij ˜otgta tgr enupgq ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym yr pqor tgm paqow ˜g aeqokilemij ˜ym ecjatast ˜aseym cia tgm pqosce˜iysg jai tgm apoce˜iysg aeqosjav ˜ym apoteke˜i apodeijtij ˜o stoiwe˜io tou ˜oti dem up ˜aqwoum d ˜uo diavoqetij ˜er acoq ˜er jai ˜oti to cecom ˜or ˜oti se ˜akkour aeqokil ˜emer keitouqco ˜um amen ˜aqtgtoi voqe˜ir enupgq ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym dem lpoqe˜i ma apotek ˜esei apodeijtij ˜o stoiwe˜io. (67) Ta epiweiq ˜glata FAG apoqq˜iptomtai jai tir d ˜uo ptuw ˜er. ˜osom avoq ˜a Pq ˜aclati, to Pqytodije˜io apev ˜amhg ˜gdg se paq ˜o- loia up ˜ohesg, le sjeptij ˜o amt˜iheto ap ˜o aut ˜o pou wqgsilopoie˜i g FAG. Pq ˜ojeitai cia tgm ap ˜ovasg tgr up ˜ohesg T-30/89 1991 stgm 12gr Dejelbq˜iou (HILTI) (1). G em k ˜ocy up ˜ohesg avoqo ˜use tgm acoq ˜a sustgl ˜atym steq ˜eysgr cia jt˜iqia. ˜Ema ap ˜o ta eqyt ˜glata pou en ˜etase to Dijast ˜gqio ˜gtam to e ˜am g acoq ˜a tym jaqvi ˜ym e˜imai diavoqetij ˜g ap ˜o tgm acoq ˜a tym pistoki ˜ym jaqv ˜ylator, kalb ˜amomtar ˜oti ta pqoˇi ˜omta e˜imai up ˜oxg, sulpkgqylatij ˜a jai ˜oti g paqacyc ˜g tym pistoki ˜ym jaqv ˜ylator pqostate ˜uetai ap ˜o dipk ˜ylata euqesite- wm˜iar. id˜iyr, to cecom ˜or To Dijast ˜gqio diap˜istyse ˜oti «pqojeil ˜emou [. ] cia jaqvi ˜a e˜imai b ˜ebaio ˜oti ap ˜o tg dejaet˜ia tou 60 up ˜aqwoum amen ˜aqtgtoi paqacyco˜i [. ] oi opo˜ioi jatasjeu ˜afoum jaqvi ˜a pqooqif ˜olema cia wq ˜gsg se pist ˜okia jaqv ˜ylator. Oqisl ˜emoi ap ˜o tour paqacy- co ˜ur auto ˜ur e˜imai eidijeul ˜emoi jai paq ˜acoum l ˜omo jaqvi ˜a, oqisl ˜emoi l ˜akista jai jaqvi ˜a eidij ˜a cia tir susjeu ˜er tgr HILTI. To cecom ˜or aut ˜o apoteke˜i ap ˜o l ˜omo tou sobaq ˜g ˜emdeing cia tgm ˜upaqng eidij ˜gr acoq ˜ar jaqvi ˜ym cia ta pist ˜okia HILTI». T ˜ekor, ha pq ˜epei ma sgleiyhe˜i ˜oti g ˜apoxg tgr FAG stgm paqo ˜usa up ˜ohesg dem e˜imai sumep ˜gr le tgm ˜apox ˜g tgr swetij ˜a le tir epiweiqglatij ˜er tgr dqastgqi ˜otgter, ˜opyr aut ˜er peqicq ˜avomtai stgm et ˜gsia ˜ejhesg tgr etaiqe˜iar cia to 1995. S ˜ulvyma le tgm tekeuta˜ia, ta ˜esoda tgr FAG pqo ˜eqwomtai ap ˜o t ˜esseqir tole˜ir epiweiqglatij ˜ym dqastgqiot ˜gtym: ep˜iceia enupgq ˜etgsg (pou amtistoiwe˜i sto 37,7 % tou sum ˜okou tym epiweiqglatij ˜ym dqastgqiot ˜gtym), t ˜ekg aeqokil ˜ema (30,8 %), emoij˜iasg jai paqawyq ˜gseir (20,2 %) jai koip ˜er. Eidij ˜oteqa, amav ˜eqetai stg sek˜ida 30 ˜oti «g ep˜iceia enupgq ˜etgsg apoteke˜i basij ˜o puk ˜yma tym epiweiqglatij ˜ym dqastgqio- t ˜gtym tgr FAG. Aut ˜er peqikalb ˜amoum upgqes˜ier ejt ˜or tou w ˜yqou tou aeqostahlo ˜u — dgkad ˜g enupg- q ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr tym aeqosjav ˜ym — jai upgqes˜ier aeqostahlo ˜u». Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, va˜imetai ˜oti jai jat ˜a tgm ˜apoxg tgr FAG, g ep˜iceia enupgq ˜etgsg apoteke˜i diavoqetij ˜g acoq ˜a ap ˜o tgm acoq ˜a cia tgm paqow ˜g aeqokilemij ˜ym ecjatast ˜aseym cia tgm pqosce˜iysg jai tgm apoce˜i- ysg aeqosjav ˜ym. (68) A. 2. 3. G desp˜ofousa h˜esg (69) G FAG yr lomadij ˜or voq ˜ear pou paq ˜ewei tir sweti- j ˜er upgqes˜ier jat ˜ewei desp ˜ofousa h ˜esg stgm acoq ˜a cia tgm enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqo- sjav ˜ym, stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr. Oi dumgtijo˜i emakkajtijo˜i voqe˜ir enupgq ˜etgsgr dem e˜imai se h ˜esg ma apeik ˜gsoum to lomop ˜ykio tgr FAG ev ˜osom o voq ˜ear ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema enajokouhe˜i ma aqme˜itai tgm pqosp ˜ekas ˜g tour stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym ˜opou lpoqo ˜um ma paqasweho ˜um oi em k ˜ocy upgqes˜ier. (1) Sukkoc ˜g s. II-1439, sj ˜exeir 65 ˜eyr 69. 11. 3. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 72/43 B. JATAWQGSG DESPOFOUSAS HESGS B. 1. Peqicqav ˜g tgr jat ˜awqgsgr (71) (70) G FAG jat ˜ewei desp ˜osousa h ˜esg stgm acoq ˜a cia tgm paqow ˜g aeqokilemij ˜ym ecjatast ˜aseym cia tgm pqosce˜iysg jai tgm apoce˜iysg aeqosjav ˜ym. G engpgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym e˜imai sulpkgqylatij ˜g ˜g boghgtij ˜g sto pka˜isio aut ˜o jai apoteke˜i paqapk ˜gsia akk ˜a diavoqetij ˜g acoq ˜a (bk ˜epe amyt ˜eqy). To Dijast ˜gqio ˜ejqime, stgm up ˜ohesg Telemarke- ting (1), ˜oti «sumist ˜a jat ˜awqgsg, up ˜o tgm ˜emmoia tou ˜aqhqou 86 tgr sumh ˜gjgr, to cecom ˜or ˜oti epiwe˜iqgsg jat ˜ewousa desp ˜ofousa h ˜esg se sucjejqil ˜emg acoq ˜a jqate˜i cia tgm ˜idia ˜g cia epiwe˜iqgsg am ˜gjousa stom aut ˜o ˜oliko, wyq˜ir ma up ˜aqwei amtijeilemij ˜g am ˜acjg, lia boghgtij ˜g opo˜ia ha lpoqo ˜use ma asj ˜gsei tq˜itg epiwe˜iqgsg sto pka˜isio tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym tgr se paqapk ˜gsia akk ˜a diavo- qetij ˜g acoq ˜a, le j˜imdumo ma enoudeteqyhe˜i opoios- d ˜gpote amtacymisl ˜or ej l ˜eqour tgr epiweiq ˜gseyr aut ˜gr». dqastgqi ˜otgta tgm Peqait ˜eqy, to Dijast ˜gqio ˜ejqime le p ˜acia molo- koc˜ia, p. w. le tgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tou tgr 31gr Dejelbq˜iou 1991 stgm up ˜ohesg C-18/88 (RTT jat ˜a GB-INNO- BM (2) jai tgr 17gr Moelbq˜iou 1992 stir sumejdija- she˜iser upoh ˜eseir C-271/90, C-281/90 jai C-289/90 (Ispam˜ia jai koipo˜i jat ˜a Epitqop ˜gr) (3), ˜oti g ep ˜ejtasg tou lomopyk˜iou sucjejqil ˜emgr acoq ˜ar se paqapk ˜gsia acoq ˜a, wyq˜ir amtijeilemij ˜g dijaiokoc˜ia, apacoqe ˜uetai jah’ aut ˜g ap ˜o to ˜aqhqo 86 ˜g ap ˜o to ˜aqhqo 90 paq ˜acqavor 1, se sumduasl ˜o le to ˜aqhqo 86 ˜otam g ep ˜ejtasg aut ˜g e˜imai apot ˜ekesla jqatijo ˜u l ˜etqou. (72) G FAG wqgsilopo˜igse tgm isw ˜u tgr yr apojkei- stijo ˜u voq ˜ea paqow ˜gr aeqokilemij ˜ym ecjatast ˜a- seym cia ma lgm epitq ˜exei se dumgtijo ˜ur amtacymi- st ˜er (stgm acoq ˜a cia tgm enupgq ˜etgsg tgr peqiow ˜gr st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym) tgm pqosp ˜ekasg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. Le tom tq ˜opo aut ˜o, g FAG elp ˜odise tgm e˜isodo stgm acoq ˜a cia tgm enupgq ˜etgsgr tgr peqiow ˜gr st ˜ahleusgr aeqosja- q ˜ym dumgtij ˜ym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr tgr peqiow ˜gr st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. To ˜uto isw ˜uei t ˜oso cia ˜oso jai cia amen ˜aqtgtour aeqopoqij ˜er etaiq˜ier voqe˜ir. ˜Etsi, g FAG diah ˜etei to lomop ˜ykio stgm acoq ˜a cia tgm enupgq ˜etgsg tgr peqiow ˜gr st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. Apovas˜ifomtar ma jqat ˜gsei cia tom eaut ˜om tgr tgm acoq ˜a cia tgm enupgq ˜etgsg tgr peqio- w ˜gr st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr, g FAG epen ˜eteime tg desp ˜ofousa h ˜esg pou jat ˜ewei stgm acoq ˜a cia tgm paqow ˜g aeqo- kilemij ˜ym ecjatast ˜aseym cia tgm pqosce˜iysg jai tgm apoce˜iysg aeqosjav ˜ym stgm paqapk ˜gsia akk ˜a diavoqetij ˜g acoq ˜a tgr enupgq ˜etgsgr tgr peqiow ˜gr st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. tast ˜aseym cia ma lgm epitq ˜exei se aeqopoqij ˜er etaiqe˜ier tgm enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym. ˜Etsi, g FAG upowq ˜eyse tour wq ˜gster tym ecjatast ˜aseym tou aeqokil ˜ema tgr ma pqolghe ˜uomtai ap ˜o aut ˜gm tir upgqes˜ier stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym pou wqei ˜afomtai. (73) Apous˜ia amtijeilemij ˜gr aitiokoc˜iar (bk ˜epe jaty- t ˜eqy), g sulpeqivoq ˜a aut ˜g sumist ˜a paq ˜abasg tou ˜aqhqou 86 tgr sumh ˜gjgr. B. 2. Aitiok ˜ocgsg (74) G FAG epidi ˜yjei ma aitiokoc ˜gsei tgm ep ˜ejtasg tgr desp ˜ofousar h ˜esgr pou jat ˜ewei stgm enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym le t ˜esseqa sglamtij ˜a epiweiq ˜glata: sulv ˜oqgsg tou aeqoki- l ˜ema, dija˜iyla juqi ˜otgtar, oqcamytij ˜o dija˜iyla jai istoqij ˜o dija˜iyla. B. 2. 1. Peqioqislo˜i w˜yqou jai dumalij˜otgtar B. 2. 1. 1. To epiwe˜iqgla tgr FAG (75) G FAG upost ˜gqine jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia tgr diadijas˜iar ˜oti g ˜aqmgs ˜g tgr ma epitq ˜exei tgm enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym jai tg keitouqc˜ia amen ˜aqtgtym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym ˜gtam amtijeilemij ˜a aitiokocgl ˜emg ap ˜o tg stem ˜otgta tou aeqokil ˜ema: avem ˜or lem di ˜oti dem ha up ˜gqwe epaqj ˜gr w ˜yqor st ˜ahleusgr cia tom enopkisl ˜o tym diav ˜oqym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr, avet ˜eqou de di ˜oti g jujkovoq˜ia stour w ˜yqour st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym ha ˜gtam pok ˜u pujm ˜g k ˜ocy tou amepaqjo ˜ur odijo ˜u sust ˜glator, cecom ˜or pou ha e˜iwe epipt ˜yseir stgm asv ˜akeia jai stom ek ˜awisto wq ˜omo amtap ˜ojqisgr. (76) To epiwe˜iqgla pou pqob ˜akkei g FAG dem e˜imai b ˜asilo. Pq ˜ytom, (bk ˜epe aitiokocij ˜er sj ˜exeir 77 ˜eyr 85), di ˜oti oi ejh ˜eseir tym tewmij ˜ym elpeiqocmyl ˜omym apodeijm ˜uoum ˜oti g stem ˜otgta w ˜yqou stg Vqamj- vo ˜uqtg dem e˜imai t ˜etoia ˜yste ma jahist ˜a ad ˜umatg tgm enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym ˜g tg keitouqc˜ia amenaqt ˜gtym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym (le ena˜iqesg, p ˜amtyr, to adi ˜enodo pou dgliouqce˜itai ap ˜o to amatokij ˜o tl ˜gla tou aeqostahlo ˜u 1, ˜opou g paqous˜ia peqissot ˜eqym tou em ˜or voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr emd ˜ewetai ma pqoja- k ˜esei stqaccakisl ˜o tgr jujkovoq˜iar). De ˜uteqom, (bk ˜epe aitiokocij ˜er sj ˜exeir 86 jai ep. ), di ˜oti aj ˜olg jai e ˜am upotehe˜i ˜oti up ˜aqwoum ta em k ˜ocy elp ˜odia, aut ˜a dem ha ˜gtam amup ˜eqbkgta. P ˜eqam to ˜utou, g FAG wqgsilopo˜igse tgm isw ˜u tgr yr apojkeistij ˜or voq ˜ear paqow ˜gr aeqokilemij ˜ym ecja- (77) (1) Sukkoc ˜g 1985, s. 3261. (2) Sukkoc ˜g 1991, s. I-5941, sj ˜exg 24. (3) Sukkoc ˜g 1990, s. I-5833, sj ˜exg 36. B. 2. 1. 2. Aniok ˜ocgsg ap ˜o tewmij ˜g ˜apoxg tou epiwei- q ˜glator pou pqob ˜akkei g FAG Ap ˜o tir di ˜avoqer ejh ˜eseir pou upobk ˜ghgjam va˜ime- ˜oti ta epiweiq ˜glata pou pqob ˜akkei g FAG dem tai e˜imai tejlgqiyl ˜ema se bahl ˜o ˜yste ma aitiokoco ˜um to lomop ˜ykio tgr FAG stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. L 72/44 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 11. 3. 98 (78) — Eidij ˜oteqa up ˜aqwei epaqj ˜gr w ˜yqor cia tg st ˜ah- leusg tou enopkislo ˜u stom w ˜yqo st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjaq ˜ym tou aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr ˜yste ma epitq ˜exei tom amtacymisl ˜o ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqo- sjav ˜ym, jai g asv ˜akeia jai o ek ˜awistor wq ˜omor amtap ˜ojqisgr dem ha epgqeasto ˜um e ˜am epitqape˜i o amtacymisl ˜or stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqo- sjav ˜ym. — P ˜amtyr, to j ˜emtqo tou aeqostahlo ˜u 1 paqousi ˜a- fei sulv ˜oqgsg jai emd ˜ewetai ma paqale˜imei yr ˜ewei. O amtacymisl ˜or stgm peqiow ˜g aut ˜g ( ˜g se tl ˜gla tgr peqiow ˜gr aut ˜gr) ha lpoqo ˜use ma apodeiwhe˜i pqobkglatij ˜or. Pq ˜oshetoi, vusijo˜i peqioqislo˜i emd ˜ewetai, ep˜isgr, ma peqioq˜isoum tgm euqe˜ia evaqloc ˜g tgr enupgq ˜etgsgr di’ id˜iym l ˜esym jai tgm enupgq ˜etgsg ap ˜o amen ˜aqtgto tq˜ito voq ˜ea. a) W ˜yqor st ˜ahleusgr tou enopkislo ˜u Oi ejtil ˜gseir yr pqor tg sw ˜esg letan ˜u tou diah ˜esi- lou jai tou apaito ˜ulemou w ˜yqou stgm peq˜iptysg pou epitqape˜i g enupgq ˜etgsg di ’id˜iym l ˜esym ˜g/jai o amtacymisl ˜or stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr enaqt ˜ymtai idia˜iteqa ap ˜o tir upoh ˜eseir tym elpeiqo- cmyl ˜omym (id˜iyr se ˜oqour jatamol ˜gr tym pekat ˜ym letan ˜u tym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr) jai ap ˜o tgm peq˜iodo jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia tgr opo˜iar pqaclatopoi ˜g- hgjam oi aniokoc ˜gseir (k ˜ocy tym sumew ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym stour w ˜yqour st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym) Jat ˜a sum ˜e- peia, dem apoteke˜i ˜ejpkgng to cecom ˜or ˜oti di ˜avoqer ejh ˜eseir pou upobk ˜ghgjam stgm Epitqop ˜g peqi ˜ewoum ejtil ˜gseir pou diav ˜eqoum jat ˜a pok ˜u letan ˜u tour. Pqajtij ˜a, p ˜amtyr, va˜imetai seir jula˜imomtai sto aj ˜okouho e ˜uqor: ˜oti oi di ˜avoqer ejtil ˜g- — o apaito ˜ulemor w ˜yqor jula˜imetai (let ˜a tg di ˜oq- hysg kah ˜ym upokocislo ˜u) 104 000 m2 (1) ˜eyr [. ] m2 ˜emam epipk ˜eom voq ˜ea enupgq ˜e- tgsgr) (2) (le d ˜uo epipk ˜eom voqe˜ir enupgq ˜etgsgr (3), (le ˜g [. ] m2 — o diah ˜esilor w ˜yqor cia tg st ˜ahleusg enopkislo ˜u jula˜imetai (let ˜a tg di ˜oqhysg kah ˜ym upokoci- slo ˜u) ap ˜o [. ] m2 (4) ˜eyr 164 000 m2 (5). (79) To ˜uto sgla˜imei ˜oti, stg weiq ˜oteqg peq˜iptysg (dgkad ˜g s ˜ulvyma le ta stoiwe˜ia tgr NACO), o uvist ˜alemor w ˜yqor ha epitq ˜epei tg st ˜ahleusg tou 90 % tou sum ˜okou tou enopkislo ˜u pou up ˜aqwei stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr, ev ˜osom epitqape˜i g epipk ˜eom voq ˜ea enupgq ˜etgsgr keitouqc˜ia em ˜or amyt ˜eqy. ˜eyr 39 amyt ˜eqy. (1) Ejt˜ilgsg tou Cranfield, bk ˜epe aitiokocij ˜er sj ˜exeir 34 jai 35 (2) Ejt˜ilgsg tgr NACO le di ˜oqhysg, bk ˜epe aitiokocij ˜er sj ˜exeir 36 (3) Ejt˜ilgsg tou Fraunhofer, bk ˜epe aitiokocij ˜er sj ˜exeir 32 jai 33 (4) Ejt˜ilgsg tgr NACO, bk ˜epe aitiokocij ˜er sj ˜exeir 32 jai 33 amyt ˜e- (5) Ejt˜ilgsg tou Cranfield le di ˜oqhysg, bk ˜epe aitiokocij ˜er sj ˜exeir amyt ˜eqy. qy. 45 jai 46 amyt ˜eqy. ([. ]). To posost ˜o aut ˜o epaqje˜i ap ˜okuta, di ˜oti e˜imai pok ˜u ap˜ihamo ˜oti jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia tgr gl ˜eqar ha up ˜aqwei peq˜iodor jat ˜a tgm opo˜ia ha wqgsilopoi- e˜itai kic ˜oteqo ap ˜o to 10 % tou enopkislo ˜u cia tgm enupgq ˜etgsg aeqosjav ˜ym ˜g cia tg diaj˜imgsg epiba- t ˜ym se ˜emam aeqokil ˜ema, ˜opou s ˜ulvyma le tom voq ˜ea ejlet ˜akkeus ˜gr tou, up ˜aqwei p ˜amtote lec ˜akg j˜imgsg. Epipk ˜eom, ap ˜o tir aitiokocij ˜er sj ˜exeir 36 ˜eyr 46 ˜oti stgm pqaclatij ˜otgta o apaito ˜ulemor va˜imetai w ˜yqor e˜imai pok ˜u kic ˜oteqor jai ˜oti o diah ˜esilor w ˜yqor e˜imai lecak ˜uteqor ap’ ˜o,ti stg weiq ˜oteqg aut ˜g peq˜iptysg. Oi ejtil ˜gseir tgr NACO bas˜ifomtai stgm up ˜ohesg ˜oti o apaito ˜ulemor pq ˜oshetor leijt ˜or w ˜yqor cia ˜emam amen ˜aqtgto voq ˜ea enupgq ˜etgsgr ha am ˜eqwetai se [. ] m2 ( [. ] ) (6), em ˜y o apaito ˜ule- mor pq ˜oshetor leijt ˜or w ˜yqor cia tg Delta ˜gtam peq˜i- pou [. ] m2 ( [. ] ) (7), pqoto ˜u lei ˜ysei tir pt ˜gseir tgr. Aut ˜g g ap ˜ojkisg letan ˜u tgr ep˜iptysgr tgr Delta jai aut ˜gr em ˜or amen ˜aqtgtou voq ˜ea enupgq ˜etgsgr pqojake˜i ˜ejpkgng cia d ˜uo k ˜ocour. Pq ˜ytom, di ˜oti to leq˜idio acoq ˜ar em ˜or amen ˜aqtgtou voq ˜ea enupgq ˜etg- sgr jai aut ˜o tgr Delta, jat ˜a tgm aiwl ˜g, e˜imai swed ˜om ta ˜idia (12,4 % jai 13,4 % amt˜istoiwa, s ˜ulvyma le ejt˜ilgsg tgr NACO) jai di ˜oti o sumokij ˜a apaito ˜u- lemor w ˜yqor sumd ˜eetai le to leq˜idio acoq ˜ar jat ˜a tir ˜yqer aiwl ˜gr. De ˜uteqom, di ˜oti em ˜y g Delta dem e˜iwe dqastgqi ˜otgta to ap ˜oceula (op ˜ote to s ˜umoko tou enopkislo ˜u tgr ˜epqepe ma ˜gtam stahleul ˜emo jat ˜a tom wq ˜omo aut ˜o) o amen ˜aqtgtor voq ˜ear enupgq ˜etgsgr ha keitouqco ˜use jah ˜okg tg di ˜aqjeia tgr gl ˜eqar (op ˜ote ˜ema tl ˜gla tou enopkislo ˜u tou dem wqei ˜afetai ma e˜imai stahleul ˜emo). Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, o apaito ˜u- lemor leijt ˜or w ˜yqor st ˜ahleusgr cia tom em k ˜ocy voq ˜ea enupgq ˜etgsgr ha e˜imai, le alet ˜abkgtour tour ˜akkour paq ˜acomter, lijq ˜oteqor ap ˜o aut ˜om tgr Delta. (80) G paqo ˜usa tewmij ˜g aniok ˜ocgsg tejlgqi ˜ymetai peqait ˜eqy ap ˜o ta aj ˜okouha elpeiqij ˜a stoiwe˜ia: — pq ˜ytom, g pa ˜usg tgr enupgq ˜etgsr di’ id˜iym l ˜esym ap ˜o tg Delta apekeuheq ˜ymei epaqj ˜g w ˜yqo cia ma epitq ˜exei tg keitouqc˜ia em ˜or touk ˜awistom amen ˜aq- tgtou voq ˜ea enupgq ˜etgsgr. G Delta Airlines asjo ˜use to dija˜iyla enupgq ˜e- tgsgr di’ id˜iym l ˜esym pou jate˜iwe l ˜ewqi to l ˜eso tou 1997. O enopkisl ˜or tgr Delta epaqjo ˜use cia ma enupgqet ˜gsei 13 pt ˜gseir am ˜a ˜yqa [se s ˜ucjqisg le tom enopkisl ˜o tgr FAG, pou epaqje˜i cia ma enupgqet ˜gsei 75 pt ˜gseir am ˜a ˜yqa (8)]. Se amt˜ihesg le tom enopkisl ˜o tgr FAG, to s ˜umoko tou enopki- slo ˜u tgr Delta ˜gtam upowqyl ˜emo ma stahle ˜uei jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia tou apoce ˜ulator, ˜otam g Delta dem e˜iwe pt ˜gseir. G Delta ˜ewei t ˜yqa pa ˜usei tgm enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, ha lpoqo ˜use ma epitqape˜i g keitouqc˜ia em ˜or emen ˜aqtgtou voq ˜ea (6) NACO 27 Ojtybq˜iou 1995, s. 32-33. (7) NACO 14 Lai¨ou 1997, s. 2. (8) NACO 27 Ojtybq˜iou 1995, s. 15. 11. 3. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 72/45 enupgq ˜etgsgr, le b ˜asg ta tq˜ia ep ˜olema sgle˜ia. Pq ˜ytom, o w ˜yqor pou wqgsilopoio ˜use g Delta lpoqe˜i ma wqgsilopoighe˜i cia ma epitq ˜exei tg keitouqc˜ia em ˜or amen ˜aqtgtou voq ˜ea enupgq ˜e- tgsgr. De ˜uteqom, o tekeuta˜ior ha wqgsilopoi ˜gsei tom uvist ˜alemo w ˜yqo jat ˜a apodotij ˜oteqo tq ˜opo (di ˜oti o amen ˜aqtgtor voq ˜ear enupgq ˜etgsgr dem ha keitouqce˜i l ˜omom ap ˜o tir 8. 00 ˜eyr tir 14. 00 akk ˜a ok ˜ojkgqg tgm gl ˜eqa). Tq˜itom, g paqous˜ia auto ˜u tou voq ˜ea enupgq ˜etgsgr ha le˜iyme tg dqastgqi ˜o- tgta tgr FAG jai jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, ha odgco ˜use se le˜iysg tou w ˜yqou pou apaite˜itai cia tg st ˜ah- leusg tou enopkislo ˜u tgr FAG. G ejt˜ilgsg aut ˜g dem amtijqo ˜uetai ap ˜o to ceco- m ˜or ˜oti o enopkisl ˜or tgr Delta enupgqeto ˜use l ˜omo sucjejqil ˜ema aeqosj ˜avg jai ˜owi aeqosj ˜avg euqe˜iar atq ˜ajtou ˜opyr, cia paq ˜adeicla ta B747, h ˜eseym st ˜ahleusgr) (1). — de ˜uteqom, o peqioqistij ˜or paq ˜acomtar stom aeqo- kil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr e˜imai g dumalij ˜otgta tou diadq ˜olou jai ˜owi g wyqgtij ˜otgta tym (pq ˜obkgla emd ˜ewetai ma h ˜eseym st ˜ahleusgr apoteke˜i o aqihl ˜or tym h ˜eseym st ˜ahleusgr se en ˜odour se s ˜ucjqisg le tom aqihl ˜o tym apola- jqusl ˜emym To ˜uto upostgq˜ifetai, letan ˜u ˜akkym, ap ˜o to cecom ˜or ˜oti oi apolajqusl ˜emer h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr dem wqgsi- lopoio ˜umtai pk ˜gqyr jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia tgr gl ˜eqar, aj ˜olg jai se ˜yqer aiwl ˜gr (cia paq ˜adeicla, g enolo˜iysg swed˜iym pt ˜gsgr tou Fraunhofer de˜iwmei ˜oti oi h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr V167 ˜eyr V173 wqgsilo- poio ˜umtai kic ˜oteqo ap ˜o lia voq ˜a tgm ebdol ˜ada). To ˜uto sgla˜imei ˜oti g jat ˜aqcgsg oqisl ˜emym h ˜esym st ˜ahleusgr (pou ha pqos ˜ehete w ˜yqour st ˜ahleusgr) dem ha odgc ˜gsei se le˜iysg tgr dumalij ˜otgtar tou aeqokil ˜ema, — tq˜itom, g upotih ˜elemg ˜ekkeixg w ˜yqou pou epija- ke˜itai g FAG lpoqe˜i e ˜ujoka ma e˜iwe upeqbkghe˜i e ˜am g FAG e˜iwe k ˜abei up ˜oxg tgr tgm am ˜acjg w ˜yqou st ˜ahleusgr tou enopkislo ˜u enupgq ˜etgsgr ˜otam epamasw ˜ediase tg di ˜atang tou aeqokil ˜ema jai e˜iwe diah ˜esei tl ˜gla tou w ˜yqou pou apekeuhe- q ˜yhgje pq ˜osvata (peqiow ˜g Little League, peqiow ˜g aleqijamij ˜gr aeqopoq˜iar, j. kp. ) cia w ˜yqour st ˜ah- leusgr (bk ˜epe jatyq ˜eqy), — t ˜ekor, pq ˜epei ma sgleiyhe˜i ˜oti ˜otam enupgqeto ˜u- sam tgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym g FAG jai g Delta, o aeqokil ˜emar ˜gtam keitouqcij ˜or jai diatgqo ˜use uxgk ˜a ep˜ipeda poi ˜otgtar paq ˜a to cecom ˜or ˜oti to isof ˜ucio diah ˜esilou jai apaito ˜u- lemou w ˜yqou elv ˜amife ˜ekkeilla [ [. ] m2 ˜opyr pqoj ˜uptei ap ˜o tgr ˜ejhesg tgm NACO (2)]. To ˜uto apodeijm ˜uei to cecom ˜or ˜oti ˜ema aqmgtij ˜o isof ˜ucio dem sgla˜imei upowqeytij ˜a ˜oti dem oqisl ˜emer sumh ˜gjer. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, g «lahglatij ˜g» epijqat ˜gsoum tekeuta˜ia lpoqo ˜um ma pqos ˜eccisg pou pqote˜imetai ap ˜o tgm FAG cia ma stgq˜inei to epiwe˜iqgl ˜a tgr ˜oti oi peqioqislo˜i w ˜yqou aitiokoco ˜um to lomop ˜ykio, dem e˜imai opysd ˜gpote jai oqh ˜g. (81) Cia to k ˜oco aut ˜o va˜imetai ˜oti to lomop ˜ykio tgr FAG stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym dem lpoqe˜i ma aitiokocghe˜i ap ˜o tgm ˜ekkeixg w ˜yqym st ˜ahleusgr tou enopkislo ˜u. b) Pujm ˜otgta jujkovoq˜iar (82) Ap ˜o tir lek ˜eter pou up ˜ebakam oi elpeiqocm ˜ylomer pou ˜oqise g Epitqop ˜g pqoj ˜uptei to sulp ˜eqasla ˜oti: — e ˜am epitqape˜i o amtacymisl ˜or stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym dem ha pqoj ˜uxei sgla- mtij ˜g a ˜ungsg tou epip ˜edou jujkovoq˜iar, — g ˜upaqng em ˜or de ˜uteqou voq ˜ea enupgq ˜etgsgr le lijq ˜o leq˜idio acoq ˜ar sto j ˜emtqo tou aeqostah- lo ˜u 1 emd ˜ewetai ma odgc ˜gsei se pqobk ˜glata sulv ˜oqgsgr, — g leiyl ˜emg en ˜aqtgsg ap ˜o apolajqusl ˜emer h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr ha ˜ewei yr apot ˜ekesla tg le˜iysg tgr jujkovoq˜iar. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, va˜imetai ˜oti o ˜ute g pujm ˜otgta jujkovoq˜iar o ˜ute to ep˜ipedo asv ˜akeiar ha epgqea- sto ˜um sglamtij ˜a e ˜am epitqape˜i g enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym ˜g o amtacymisl ˜or stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ah- leusgr aeqosjav ˜ym sto lecak ˜uteqo tl ˜gla tou aeqokil ˜ema. (83) G jat ˜astasg diav ˜eqei ˜osom avoq ˜a to j ˜emtqo tou ˜opou va˜imetai ˜oti g paqous˜ia peqis- aeqostahlo ˜u 1, sot ˜eqym tou em ˜or voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr, se j ˜ahe ˜ema ap ˜o ta d ˜uo adi ˜enoda emd ˜ewetai ma pqojak ˜esei sglamtij ˜a pqobk ˜glata sulv ˜oqgsgr. P ˜amtyr, to tekeuta˜io dem ha pq ˜epei ma eqlgmeuhe˜i yr aitiok ˜o- cgsg tou lomopyk˜iou tgr FAG sto s ˜umoko tou em k ˜ocy aeqostahlo ˜u akk ˜a apk ˜yr yr aitiok ˜ocgsg tou lomopyk˜iou tgr FAG stgm peqiow ˜g letan ˜u tgr h ˜esgr B42 jai tgr h ˜esgr C15. Stg Deutsche Lufthansa ˜ewei paqawyqghe˜i to dutij ˜o tl ˜gla tou aeqostahlo ˜u 1 (dgkad ˜g ˜oker oi apola- jqusl ˜emer h ˜eseir st ˜ahleusgr tou aeqostahlo ˜u 1, o di ˜adqolor A jai to dutij ˜o ˜ajqo tou diadq ˜olou B) se swed ˜om apojkeistij ˜g b ˜asg. S ˜ulvyma le tgm pqoso- lo˜iysg tou swed˜iou pt ˜gsgr pou up ˜ebake g FAG (3), to [. ] % tym jim ˜gseym stgm peqiow ˜g aut ˜g ove˜i- komtai stg Lufthansa jai stgm Condor, em ˜y stir ˜akker aeqopoqij ˜er etaiqe˜ier amtistoiwo ˜um l ˜omo se [. ] jim ˜gseir tgm ebdol ˜ada (dgkad ˜g peq˜ipou l˜ia j˜imgsg j ˜ahe tqeir gl ˜eqer se j ˜ahe h ˜esg st ˜ahleusgr tgr em k ˜ocy peqiow ˜gr). Amt˜iheta, oi pt ˜gseir tgr Lufthansa ejt ˜or tgr peqiow ˜gr aut ˜gr e˜imai pok ˜u peqioqisl ˜emer, le ena˜iqesg tg h ˜esg st ˜ahleusgr B2 g opo˜ia ˜ewei swed ˜om apojkeistij ˜a paqawyqghe˜i stg Lufthansa. (1) Pgc ˜g: (2) NACO 14 Lai¨ou 1997, s. 2. ˜Ejhesg Cranfield, Io ˜umior 1997, s. 15. (3) Fraunhofer 27 Ioum˜iou 1997, tekeuta˜io paq ˜aqtgla. L 72/46 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 11. 3. 98 ˜oti stgm peqiow ˜g aut ˜g, o ˜utyr To ˜uto sgla˜imei ˜g ˜akkyr, epq ˜ojeito ma keitouqce˜i ousiastij ˜a l ˜omom ˜emar voq ˜ear enupgq ˜etgsgr (e˜ite g FAG, e˜ite ˜emar amen ˜aqtgtor voq ˜ear enupgq ˜etgsgr, e˜ite g Lufthansa le enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym). Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, dem up ˜aqwoum tewmij ˜a elp ˜odia cia ma enupgqete˜itai g Lufthansa ap ˜o voq ˜ea enupgq ˜etgsgr ˜akkom ap ˜o aut ˜om tou amatokijo ˜u tl ˜glator tou aeqostahlo ˜u 1. c) Ek ˜awistor wq ˜omor amtap ˜ojqisgr (MTC) (84) O ek ˜awistorr wq ˜omor amtap ˜ojqisgr dem ha epgqea- ste˜i e ˜am epitqape˜i o amtacymisl ˜or stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. Pq ˜ytom, ˜opyr peqicq ˜avetai amyt ˜eqy, g pujm ˜otgta jujkovoq˜iar dem ha epgqeaste˜i ap ˜o tom amtacymi- sl ˜o (jai cia to k ˜oco aut ˜o dem ha epgqe ˜asei to wq ˜omo letavoq ˜ar tym epibat ˜ym jai tym aposjeu ˜ym sto w ˜yqo st ˜ahleusgr tym aeqosjav ˜ym). De ˜uteqom, ˜osom avoq ˜a tir aposjeu ˜er, to aut ˜olato s ˜ustgla taimi ˜odqolou ha enajokouh ˜gsei ma diadqa- ˜yste ma epitucw ˜ametai o lat˜ifei jemtqij ˜o q ˜oko ˜etsi ek ˜awistor wq ˜omor amtap ˜ojqisgr. Oi amen ˜aqtgtoi voqe˜ir enupgq ˜etgsgr jai oi voqe˜ir pou enupgqeto ˜um- tai di’ id˜iym l ˜esym ha ˜ewoum pq ˜osbasg stgm em k ˜ocy jemtqij ˜g upodol ˜g ˜opyr sulba˜imei se di ˜avoqour ˜akkour euqypaˇijo ˜ur aeqokil ˜emer. G ˜upaqng amtacy- mislo ˜u stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym dem ha epgqe ˜asei tgm apodotij ˜otgta tou sust ˜glator taimi ˜odqolou, id˜iyr kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg to cecom ˜or ˜oti g v ˜oqtysg jai ejv ˜oqtysg tou sust ˜glator ha paqale˜imei aqlodi ˜otgta tgr FAG. wq ˜omor amtap ˜ojqisgr Tq˜itom, o ek ˜awistor wq ˜omor amtap ˜ojqisgr stom aeqo- kil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr jahoq˜ifetai, jat ˜a j ˜uqio k ˜oco, ap ˜o to wq ˜omo pou apaite˜itai cia tgm j˜imgsg tou epib ˜atg ap ˜o tgm l˜ia ˜enodo l ˜ewqi tgm ˜akkg. O ek ˜awistor epitucw ˜ametai e ˜ujoka ˜otam o epib ˜atgr letepibib ˜afetai stom ˜idio ˜otam o aeqostahl ˜o akk ˜a d ˜usjoka epitucw ˜ametai epib ˜atgr vh ˜amei se apolajqusl ˜emg h ˜esg st ˜ahleu- sgr jai e˜imai upowqeyl ˜emor ma akk ˜anei aeqostahl ˜o. To ˜uto, sav ˜yr, dem enaqt ˜atai ap ˜o tom aqihl ˜o tym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. d) Enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym (85) G enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym emd ˜ewetai ma ˜ewei dusleme˜ir epipt ˜yseir ˜osom avoq ˜a tom apaito ˜ulemo w ˜yqo. To ˜uto isw ˜uei idia˜iteqa stgm peq˜iptysg pou oi pt ˜gseir tym aeqopoqij ˜ym etaiqei ˜ym pou enupgqe- to ˜umtai di’ id˜iym l ˜esym dem e˜imai jatamelgl ˜emer jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia tgr gl ˜eqar. Cia to k ˜oco aut ˜o, g FAG lpoqe˜i ma peqioq˜isei to dija˜iyla enupgq ˜etgsgr di’ id˜iym l ˜esym ev ˜osom apodeiwhe˜i ˜oti g em k ˜ocy enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym ha jatast ˜gsei ad ˜umatg tg keitouqc˜ia em ˜or amen ˜aqtgtou voq ˜ea enupgq ˜etgsgr. ˜oti g FAG diah ˜etei aitiokoc˜ia To ˜uto dem sgla˜imei ˜yste ma apacoqe ˜usei tgm enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym se lec ˜akg ˜ejtasg, akk ˜a ˜oti j ˜ahe peq˜iptysg ha pq ˜epei ma aniokoce˜itai lelomyl ˜ema. B. 2. 1. 3. Molij ˜g ejt˜ilgsg tou epiweiq ˜glator pou pqob ˜akkei g FAG (86) P ˜eqam tou ˜oti dem bas˜ifetai se pqaclatij ˜a peqista- tij ˜a, to epiwe˜iqgla pou pqob ˜akkei g FAG cia ma aitiokoc ˜gsei to lomop ˜yki ˜o tgr (dgkad ˜g to ˜oti dem epitq ˜epei tom amtacymisl ˜o stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym k ˜ocy ˜ekkeixgr w ˜yqou) dem e˜imai t ˜etoio ˜yste ma apotek ˜esei amtijeilemij ˜g aitiok ˜ocgsg jat ˜a tgm ˜emmoia tgr molokoc˜iar tou Dijastgq˜iou, di ˜oti up ˜aqwoum k ˜useir pou epitq ˜epoum ma upeqbkghe˜i g piham ˜g ˜ekkeixg w ˜yqou. (87) G FAG upost ˜gqine ˜oti g ˜aqmgs ˜g tgr ma epitq ˜exei tgm id˜iym l ˜esym jai tg keitouqc˜ia enupgq ˜etgsg di’ amen ˜aqtgtym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym aitiokoce˜itai ap ˜o tg stem ˜otgta tou aeqokil ˜ema. P ˜amtyr, ha pq ˜epei ma sgleiyhe˜i ˜oti, jah’ olokoc˜ia tgr ˜idiar tgr FAG, o peqioqisl ˜or aut ˜or (e ˜am upotehe˜i ˜oti uv˜istatai pqaclatij ˜a) dem e˜imai amup ˜eqbkgtor. Let ˜a tgm joimopo˜igsg tym aiti ˜aseym jat ˜a to 1994, g FAG, pou pkgqovoq ˜ghgje ˜oti to lomop ˜yki ˜o tgr emd ˜ewetai ma apoteke˜i paq ˜abasg tou ˜aqhqou 86 tgr sumh ˜gjgr, ha ˜epqepe ma e˜iwe k ˜abei ta jat ˜akkgka l ˜etqa cia ma epik ˜usei ta pqobk ˜glata pou sumd ˜eo- mtai le tg stem ˜otgta tou aeqokil ˜ema. Cia paq ˜a- deicla: — g FAG lpoqo ˜use ma e˜iwe pqowyq ˜gsei stgm amadi ˜atang tgr uvist ˜alemgr upodol ˜gr. Aut ˜g g emakkajtij ˜g k ˜usg pqot ˜ahgje ap ˜o tgm ˜idia tgm FAG stgm ap ˜amtgs ˜g tgr stgm joimopo˜igsg tym aiti ˜aseym (1), akk ˜a dem evaql ˜ostgje ap ˜o tgm FAG, juq˜iyr k ˜ocy tou j ˜ostour tym apaitoul ˜emym epemd ˜useym (35 ˜eyr 70 ejatoll ˜uqia ceqlamij ˜a l ˜aqja), pou ha letajuk˜iomto stour wq ˜gster tou aeqokil ˜ema. Amt˜iheta, g FAG d ˜gkyse (2) ˜oti o aeqokil ˜emar e˜iwe swediaste˜i jai jatasjeuaste˜i le tgm pqooptij ˜g tou lomopyk˜iou tgr FAG jai sum ˜ewise le aut ˜gm tgm pqooptij ˜g jat ˜a tg di ˜aq- jeia tym akkep ˜akkgkym amadiat ˜aneym, — g FAG ha lpoqo ˜use ma pqowyq ˜gsei stgm jat ˜aq- cgsg em ˜or lijqo ˜u aqihlo ˜u h ˜eseym st ˜ahleusgr (2, 3 jai 4) ˜yste ma apojt ˜gsei tom apaito ˜ulemo w ˜yqo. Dem epek ˜ecg aut ˜g g emakkajtij ˜g k ˜usg di ˜oti, s ˜ulvyma le tgm FAG, g jat ˜aqcgsg aut ˜g ha odgco ˜use stgm ap ˜ykeia [. ] wqomij ˜ym diastgl ˜atym eir b ˜aqor tym wqgst ˜ym tou aeqoki- l ˜ema, — pq ˜osvata, g FAG lpoqo ˜use ma apov ˜ucei tg le˜iysg tou diah ˜esilou w ˜yqou jat ˜a peqiss ˜oteqo ap ˜o [. ] m2 (jat ˜a tgm peq˜iodo 1995-1997) ˜usteqa ap ˜o tgm jatasjeu ˜g tym ˜eqcym cia tgm amadieuh ˜e- tgsg tou aeqokil ˜ema jai peqiss ˜oteqo ap ˜o [. ] m2 cia tg dgliouqc˜ia f ˜ymgr ap ˜osbesgr cia ta voqt˜ia, ˜usteqa ap ˜o tg letaj˜imgsg aut ˜ym tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym pqor ta m ˜otia. p ˜gr, s. 44. (1) Up ˜ohesg IV/34. 801, ap ˜amtgsg tgr FAG stir aiti ˜aseir tgr Epitqo- (2) Up ˜ohesg IV/34. 801, ap ˜amtgsg tgr FAG stir aiti ˜aseir tgr Epitqo- p ˜gr, s. 21. 11. 3. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 72/47 Ep˜isgr, g FAG ha lpoqo ˜use ma diah ˜esei cia tgm enupgq ˜etgsg tgr peqiow ˜gr st ˜ahleusgr aeqo- sjav ˜ym, tl ˜gla tgr ˜ejtasgr tgr peqiow ˜gr Little League pou apekeuheq ˜yhgje pq ˜osvata, amt˜i ma tgm diah ˜esei sto tawudqole˜io tgr aeqopoq˜iar tym GPA. Ep˜isgr g FAG ha lpoqo ˜use ma diah ˜esei cia tgm enupgq ˜etgsg tgr peqiow ˜gr st ˜ah- leusgr aeqosjav ˜ym, f ˜ymgr pou jate˜iwe emt ˜or tgr f ˜ymgr voqt˜iou amt˜i ma tg diah ˜e- sei stg Lufthansa (em ˜y to up ˜okoipo tym dqastg- qiot ˜gtym swetij ˜a le ta voqt˜ia ecjatast ˜ahgje stir ejt ˜aseir pqor m ˜oto pou apekeuheq ˜yhgjam ap ˜o tgm USAF). tl ˜gla tgr (88) Sumep ˜yr, g ap ˜ovasg tgr FAG ma lgm epitq ˜exei tgm enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym jai tgm keitouqc˜ia amen ˜aqtgtym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr dem pqoj ˜uptei ap ˜o lia epitajtij ˜g am ˜acjg akk ˜a ˜usteqa ap ˜o epikoc ˜g tgr FAG g opo˜ia dem ˜ekabe ta l ˜etqa ta opo˜ia ha lpoqo ˜usam ma odgc ˜gsoum ma nepeqasho ˜um oi peqioqislo˜i pou sumd ˜eomtai le tg stem ˜otgta tou aeqokil ˜ema. B. 2. 2. Dija˜iyla juqi˜otgtar (89) G ap ˜ovasg tgr FAG ma lgm epekeuheq ˜ysei tgm acoq ˜a cia tgm paqow ˜g upgqesi ˜ym stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym dem aitiokoce˜itai le b ˜asg tom sukkocisl ˜o ˜oti apoteke˜i tom idiojt ˜gtg tou aeqo- ˜ewei to dija˜iyla ma ˜oti, jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, kil ˜ema jai jahoq˜ifei tg wq ˜gsg tgr juqi ˜otgt ˜ar tgr. (90) (91) To Dijast ˜gqio d ˜ewtgje le tgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tou, tgr 13gr Dejelbq˜iou 1979 stgm up ˜ohesg 44/79, (Hauer jat ˜a Rheinland-Pfalz) (1), tgm ˜upaqng heleki ˜ydour dijai ˜ylator juqi ˜otgtar jai sto joimotij ˜o pka˜isio. P ˜amtyr, to Dijast ˜gqio diaj ˜gqune ˜oti enasvak˜ifetai stgm joimotij ˜g ˜emmolg t ˜ang s ˜ulvyma le tir joim ˜er amtik ˜gxeir sta sumt ˜aclata tym jqat ˜ym lek ˜ym. Sto pka˜isio aut ˜o, to Dijast ˜gqio ˜ejqime ˜oti sta sumt ˜ac- lata ˜okym tym jqat ˜ym lek ˜ym amacmyq˜ifetai ˜oti g ˜asjgsg tou dijai ˜ylator tgr idiojtgs˜iar lpoqe˜i ma peqioq˜ifetai ap ˜o to cemij ˜o sulv ˜eqom jai sto bahl ˜o pou e˜imai amacja˜ior pqor to ˜uto. Oi jam ˜omer amtacymislo ˜u tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ lpoqe˜i, jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, ma heyqgho ˜um ˜oti apoteko ˜um peqioqi- slo ˜ur tou dijai ˜ylator tgr idiojtgs˜iar pou amtistoi- wo ˜um se st ˜owour cemijo ˜u sulv ˜eqomtor pou epidi ˜yjei g Joim ˜otgta. Stgm pqoje˜ilemg peq˜iptysg, j ˜ahe dumgtij ˜or amen ˜aq- tgtor voq ˜ear ejlet ˜akkeusgr e˜imai amacjasl ˜emor ma pqosb ˜akkei ( ˜emamti apofgl˜iysgr) to dija˜iyla tgr idiojtgs˜iar tgr FAG k ˜ocy apous˜iar emakkajtij ˜ym k ˜useym. Pq ˜aclati, oi upgqes˜ier stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ah- leusgr aeqosjav ˜ym dem lpoqo ˜um ma paqasweho ˜um paq ˜a l ˜omo stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym, dedol ˜emou ˜oti dem pqobk ˜epetai ta aeqosj ˜avg ma apolajqumho ˜um ap ˜o tgm peqiow ˜g tou aeqodqol˜iou pqojeil ˜emou ma tour paqasweho ˜um aut ˜er oi upgqe- s˜ier. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, o peqioqisl ˜or tou dijai ˜ylator tgr idiojtgs˜iar tgr FAG dem ha e˜imai o ˜ute dusam ˜a- kocor o ˜ute upeqbokij ˜or akk ˜a ha apoteke˜i sum ˜epeia tgr apous˜iar emakkajtij ˜ym k ˜useym. (1) Sukkoc ˜g 1979, s. 3727, sj ˜exeir 17 jai ep. (92) G evaqloc ˜g tou ˜aqhqou 86 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ dem ha apoteke˜i upeqbokij ˜g jai apaq ˜adejtg ep ˜elbasg sta dijai ˜ylata tgr FAG yr idiojt ˜gtou tou aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr, ˜yste ma paqabi ˜afetai g ˜idia g ous˜ia tou dijai ˜ylator tgr idiojtgs˜iar: g epibok ˜g upowq ˜eysgr stgm FAG ma apekeuheq ˜ysei tgm acoq ˜a cia tgm paqow ˜g upgqesi ˜ym stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym dem tgr avaiqe˜i tgm idiojtgs˜ia akk ˜a peqioq˜ifei tgm ˜asjgsg tym dijaiyl ˜atym tgr ˜etsi ˜yste ma e˜imai sulbib ˜asila le tour jam ˜omer amtacy- mislo ˜u tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ. Ha pq ˜epei ma sgleiyhe˜i id˜iyr ˜oti g evaqloc ˜g tou ˜aqhqou 86 dem ha elp ˜odife tgm FAG ap ˜o to ma sumew˜isei ma pqosv ˜eqei enupgq ˜e- tgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym se amtacymisl ˜o le ˜akkour voqe˜ir paqow ˜gr tym em k ˜ocy upgqesi ˜ym. Lpoqe˜i ma sumew˜isei ma ejletakke ˜uetai tir dumat ˜otgter pou pqoj ˜uptoum ap ˜o to cecom ˜or ˜oti e˜imai o idiojt ˜gtgr tou aeqokil ˜ema. Lpoqe˜i ep˜isgr ma fgt ˜gsei ap ˜o tour voqe˜ir ep˜iceiar enupgq ˜etgsgr ma jatab ˜akkoum jat ˜akkgko t˜ilgla cia tg wq ˜gsg tym ecjatast ˜aseym pou paq ˜ewei le tg loqv ˜g emoij˜iym, ev ˜osom ta pos ˜a aut ˜a bq˜isjomtai emt ˜or tym oq˜iym pou epib ˜akkomtai ap ˜o tour jam ˜omer amtacymislo ˜u. B. 2. 3. Oqcamytij˜o dija˜iyla (93) G ap ˜ovasg tgr FAG ma lgm ekeuheq ˜ysei tgm acoq ˜a cia tgm enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqo- sjav ˜ym dem aitiokoce˜itai ap ˜o to cecom ˜or ˜oti e˜imai o voq ˜ear ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema jai, jat ˜a ˜ewei to dija˜iyla ma jahoq˜ifei tom tq ˜opo sum ˜epeia, oqc ˜amysgr tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym pou asjo ˜umtai emt ˜or tgr peqiow ˜gr tou aeqokil ˜ema. O voq ˜ear tou aeqokil ˜ema pq ˜epei ma asje˜i ta oqcamytij ˜a tou dijai ˜ylata s ˜ulvyma le tour jam ˜omer amtacymi- slo ˜u. (94) G FAG upost ˜gqine ˜oti g ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr ma lgm apekeu- heq ˜ysei tgm acoq ˜a tgr enupgq ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym bas˜ifetai sto oqcamytij ˜o tgr dija˜iyla yr epiwe˜iqgsg jai stgm upowq ˜eys ˜g tgr s ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 45 tou LuftVZO ma leqilm ˜a cia tg syst ˜g jai asvak ˜g keitouqc˜ia tom aeqokil ˜ema (bk ˜epe aitiokocij ˜g sj ˜exg 4). S ˜ulvyma le tgm FAG, g upowq ˜eysg aut ˜g letatq ˜epei ta oqcamytij ˜a tgr dijai ˜ylata se jah ˜gjom ma oqcam ˜ysei tom aeqoki- l ˜ema jat ˜a b ˜ektisto tq ˜opo. To ˜uto peqikalb ˜amei tgm upowq ˜eysg ma enasvak˜ifei tgm apodotij ˜g oqc ˜amysg tym upgqesi ˜ym ep˜iceiar enupgq ˜etgsgr. Sto pka˜isio aut ˜o, g FAG upost ˜gqine ˜oti g enupgq ˜e- tgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym apote- ke˜itai ap ˜o upgqes˜ier cia tir opo˜ier ha pq ˜epei ma up ˜aqnei jamomistij ˜g q ˜uhlisg, oqc ˜amysg jai ˜ekecwor ap ˜o tom voq ˜ea ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema. To ˜uto de sgla˜imei ˜oti g enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym pq ˜epei ma paq ˜ewetai ap ˜o tom voq ˜ea ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema. Aqje˜i ma tomiste˜i ˜oti o voq ˜ear ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema e˜imai se h ˜esg ma dialoqv ˜ysei jai ma epib ˜akei tour jam ˜omer le tour opo˜iour ha e˜imai upowqeyl ˜emor ma sulloqvyhe˜i j ˜ahe voq ˜ear paqow ˜gr upgqesi ˜ym jai, em p ˜asg peqipt ˜ysei, ˜oti l ˜okir g odgc˜ia 96/67/EJ tehe˜i se isw ˜u, oi em k ˜ocy jam ˜omer ha hespisto ˜um ap ˜o to aql ˜odio jq ˜ator l ˜ekor. L 72/48 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 11. 3. 98 stgm (95) G FAG upost ˜gqine ep˜isgr ˜oti epeid ˜g g enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym apoteke˜i sulpkgqylatij ˜g paqow ˜g dqastgqi ˜otgta upodol ˜gr cia tgm pqosce˜iysg jai apoce˜iysg aeqo- sjav ˜ym jai, jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, epgqe ˜afei tg sumokij ˜g poi ˜otgta tym upgqesi ˜ym pou paq ˜ewei o aeqokil ˜emar, o voq ˜ear ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema ˜ewei tgm upowq ˜eysg ma ek ˜ecwei tir dqastgqi ˜otgter aut ˜er. Jai p ˜aki, to ˜uto dem sgla˜imei ˜oti o voq ˜ear ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema lpoqe˜i ma diatgq ˜gsei cia tom eaut ˜o tou tir dqastgqi ˜otgter aut ˜er, di ˜oti o voq ˜ear ejle- t ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema ˜ewei ta l ˜esa ma epib ˜akei stour amtacymist ˜er tour jam ˜omer pou auto˜i ha e˜imai upowqeyl ˜emoi ma ajokouh ˜gsoum. (96) T ˜ekor, g FAG upost ˜gqine ˜oti to lomop ˜yki ˜o tgr stgm enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym enupgqete˜i ta sulv ˜eqomta tym pekat ˜ym tou aeqoki- l ˜ema, di ˜oti g FAG paq ˜ewei tir upgqes˜ier tgr wyq˜ir ma pqaclatopoie˜i diajq˜iseir. To sgle˜io aut ˜o e˜imai ˜asweto di ˜oti, amen ˜aqtgta ap ˜o tir epijako ˜ulemer pqotil ˜gseir tym dumgtij ˜ym amtacymist ˜ym, e˜imai sav ˜er ˜oti g apekeuh ˜eqysg tou amtacymislo ˜u stgm acoq ˜a enupgq ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqo- sjav ˜ym dem ha elpod˜isei tgm FAG ap ˜o to ma sumew˜i- sei ma paq ˜ewei tir upgqes˜ier tgr wyq˜ir diajq˜iseir. B. 2. 4. Istoqij˜a dijai˜ylata (97) G FAG upost ˜gqine ep˜isgr ˜oti to lomop ˜yki ˜o tgr stgm enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym dem e˜imai apot ˜ekesla tgr ep ˜ejtasgr tgr desp ˜ofou- sar h ˜esgr pou jat ˜ewei akk ˜a istoqij ˜g en ˜eking. dem apoteke˜i Pq ˜aclati, g FAG tom˜ifei to cecom ˜or ˜oti g paqous˜ia tgr yr apojkeistij ˜or voq ˜ear paqow ˜gr ep˜iceiar diavoqopo˜igsg tgr enupgq ˜etgsgr dqastgqi ˜otgt ˜ar tgr akk ˜a ˜oti g FAG paq ˜ewei aut ˜o to e˜idor upgqesi ˜ym ap ˜o ta pq ˜yta wq ˜omia let ˜a tom p ˜okelo. Tgm epow ˜g eje˜img, o aeqokil ˜emar tgr Vqamj- ˜opyr vo ˜uqtgr l ˜okir e˜iwe amajatasjeuaste˜i jai sum ˜ebaime le ˜okour tour ceqlamijo ˜ur aeqokil ˜emer, g enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym paqew ˜otam l ˜omom ap ˜o tom voq ˜ea tou aeqodqol˜iou, ekke˜ixei emakkajtij ˜ym upoxgv˜iym. S ˜ulvyma le tgm FAG, to f ˜gtgla tgr pq ˜osbasgr dumgtij ˜ym amtacymi- st ˜ym stgm acoq ˜a upgqesi ˜ym stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleu- sgr aeqosjav ˜ym dem ha up ˜gqwe paq ˜a l ˜omom e ˜am diavaim ˜otam ˜oti g em k ˜ocy diavoq ˜a paqousi ˜afei emdiav ˜eqouser dem em ˜ewoum jimd ˜umour. oijomolij ˜er eujaiq˜ier pou (98) To epiwe˜iqgla aut ˜o dem lpoqe˜i, se jal˜ia peq˜iptysg, ma aitiokoc ˜gsei tgm ap ˜ovasg tgr FAG ma jqat ˜gsei g ˜idia cia tom euat ˜o tgr tgm acoq ˜a tgr enupgq ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜aheusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. Pq ˜aclati, apous˜ia emakkajtij ˜ym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜e- tgsgr, to lomop ˜ykio tgr FAG stgm acoq ˜a tgr enupg- q ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym ˜gtam pqoˇi ˜om tym sumhgj ˜ym tgr acoq ˜ar jai jat ˜a sum ˜epeia dem ˜gtam paq ˜amolo. P ˜amtyr, diepq ˜awhg paq ˜abasg tou ˜aqhqou 86 jat ˜a tgm ˜emmoia tgr ap ˜ovasgr «Tele- marketing» (1), ev ˜osom diatgq ˜ghgje to lomop ˜ykio tgr FAG le tgm ˜aqmgs ˜g tgr ma epitq ˜exei tgm enupgq ˜e- tgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym ˜g tgm keitouqc˜ia amenaqt ˜gtym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr. Stgm peq˜iptysg aut ˜g, to lomop ˜ykio tgr FAG dem apoteke˜i pk ˜eom apot ˜ekesla tym sumhgj ˜ym tgr acoq ˜ar akk ˜a pqoj ˜uptei ap ˜o tgm ap ˜ovasg tgr FAG (voq ˜ea ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou aeqoki- l ˜ema pou jat ˜ewei desp ˜ofousa h ˜esg stgm acoq ˜a cia tgm paqow ˜g aeqokilemij ˜gr upodol ˜gr cia tgm apoce˜i- ysg jai tgm pqosce˜iysg aeqosjav ˜ym) ma jqat ˜gsei cia tom eaut ˜o tgr tgm paqapk ˜gsia acoq ˜a tgr enupg- q ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. Dem lpoqe˜i ma c˜imei ep˜ijkgsg tou cecom ˜otor ˜oti g FAG, amt˜iheta ap ˜o ˜oti g CLT stgm up ˜ohesg Telemar- keting, jate˜iwe ˜gdg pqoto ˜u jam diapq ˜anei tgm paq ˜a- basg, desp ˜ofousa h ˜esg stgm acoq ˜a ep˜iceiar enupg- q ˜etgsgr, cia ma aqmghe˜i g FAG tom jatawqgstij ˜o waqajt ˜gqa tgr ap ˜ovas ˜gr tgr ma diatgq ˜gsei cia tom tg swetij ˜g acoq ˜a aqmo ˜ulemg tgm eaut ˜o tgr pq ˜osbasg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym se dumgtijo ˜ur amtacymist ˜er. O epidiyj ˜olemor st ˜owor dem ha ˜gtam g ep ˜ejtasg tgr desp ˜ofousar h ˜esgr akk ˜a g pqostas˜ia tgr desp ˜ofousar h ˜esgr le jatawqg- stij ˜a l ˜esa. B. 3. ˜Aqhqo 90 paq ˜acqavor 2 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ 1993 up ˜ohesg (99) G FAG upost ˜gqine stgm ap ˜amtgs ˜g tgr stgm joimo- po˜igsg tym aiti ˜aseym stir 10 Lai¨ou 1994, ˜oti tgr ˜ewei amatehe˜i up ˜o tgm idi ˜otgt ˜a tgr yr voq ˜ear ejle- t ˜akkeusgr tou aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr, g diawe˜iqisg tym upgqesi ˜ym cemijo ˜u oijomolijo ˜u sulv ˜eqomtor jat ˜a tgm ˜emmoia tou ˜aqhqou 90 paq ˜a- cqavor 2 tgr sumh ˜gjgr. G FAG upost ˜gqine stg sum ˜e- weia, ˜oti ta ˜esoda ta pqoeqw ˜olema ap ˜o tir upgqes˜ier ep˜iceiar enupgq ˜etgsgr e˜imai amacja˜ia cia tgm oijo- molij ˜g isoqqop˜ia tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr jai jat ˜a sum ˜epeia amacja˜ia cia tg diat ˜gqgsg tgr paqow ˜gr upgqes˜iar cemijo ˜u oijomolijo ˜u sulv ˜eqomtor. G ena˜iqesg aut ˜g epetq ˜apg ap ˜o to Dijast ˜gqio le tgm ap ˜ovasg tgr 19gr Lai¨ou C-320/91 stgm (Corbeau) (2), jai tgr 27gr Apqik˜iou 1994 stgm up ˜ohesg C-393/92 (Almelo) (3). ˜Osom avoq ˜a to ped˜io evaqloc ˜gr tou ˜aqhqou 90 paq ˜acqavor to Dijast ˜gqio tgr sumh ˜gjgr, apev ˜amhg stgm ap ˜ovasg tgr 21gr Lai¨ou 1974 stgm up ˜ohesg 127/73 (BRT jat ˜a SABAM) (4) ˜oti «pqojei- l ˜emou peq˜i diat ˜aneyr g opo˜ia epitq ˜epei, up ˜o oqisl ˜emer peqist ˜aseir, paq ˜ejjkisg ap ˜o tour jam ˜omer tgr sumh ˜gjgr, o oqisl ˜or tym epiweiq ˜gseym pou lpoqo ˜um ma tgm epijakesto ˜um pq ˜epei ma eqlgme ˜uetai stem ˜a» jai ˜oti «stgm peq˜iptysg pou idiytij ˜er epiweiq ˜gseir lpoqo ˜um ma upawho ˜um s’ aut ˜g tg di ˜atang, pq ˜epei em to ˜utoir ma e˜imai epivoqtisl ˜emer dia pq ˜aneyr tgr dgl ˜osiar enous˜iar, le tg diawe˜iqisg upgqesi ˜ym cemijo ˜u oijomolijo ˜u sulv ˜eqomtor» jai ˜oti «aut ˜o dem lpoqe˜i ma sulba˜imei le lia epiwe˜iqgsg stgm opo˜ia to jq ˜ator dem am ˜ehese jal˜ia apostok ˜g jai g opo˜ia diaweiq˜ifetai idiytij ˜a sulv ˜eqomta». (100) 2 (1) Sukkoc ˜g 1985, s. 3261. (2) Sukkoc ˜g 1993, s. I-2533. (3) Sukkoc ˜g 1994, s. I-1477. (4) Sukkoc ˜g 1974, s. 313, sj ˜exeir 19, 20 jai 23. 11. 3. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 72/49 Epipk ˜eom, to Dijast ˜gqio apov ˜asise ep˜isgr ˜oti «g evaqloc ˜g tou ˜aqhqou 90 paq ˜acqavor 2 tgr sumh ˜g- jgr dem av ˜gmetai stg diajqitij ˜g euw ˜eqeia tou jq ˜atour l ˜ekour to opo˜io ˜ewei amah ˜esei se lia epiwe˜i- qgsg tg diawe˜iqisg liar upgqes˜iar cemijo ˜u oijomoli- jo ˜u sulv ˜eqomtor. Pq ˜aclati, to ˜aqhqo 90 paq ˜acqa- vor 3 amah ˜etei stgm Epitqop ˜g up ˜o tom ˜ekecwo tou Dijastgq˜iou to ˜eqco tgr swetij ˜gr epit ˜gqgsgr» (1). Up ˜o to vyr tym amyt ˜eqy sukkocisl ˜ym, ta epiweiq ˜g- lata tgr FAG dem jq˜imomtai b ˜asila. (101) Oi ceqlamij ˜er aqw ˜er dem am ˜ehesam stgm FAG o ˜ute to lomop ˜ykio tgr enupgq ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleu- sgr aeqosjav ˜ym o ˜ute upgqes˜ia cemijo ˜u sulv ˜eqo- mtor ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm paqow ˜g tym em k ˜ocy upgqe- si ˜ym. Amt˜iheta, o jamomisl ˜or Flughafenbenutzun- em k ˜ocy upgqes˜ier ˜oti oi gosrdnung pqobk ˜epei lpoqo ˜um ma paqasweho ˜um ap ˜o ˜akkour voqe˜ir ejt ˜or ap ˜o tom voq ˜ea tou aeqokil ˜ema. ˜Osom avoq ˜a tgm acoq ˜a paqow ˜gr aeqokilemij ˜ym ecjatast ˜aseym cia tgm pqosce˜iysg jai tgm apoce˜i- ysg aeqosjav ˜ym, va˜imetai ap ˜o to jamomistij ˜o pka˜isio pou di ˜epei tg keitouqc˜ia tou aeqokil ˜ema tgr ˜oti oi ceqlamij ˜er aqw ˜er oi opo˜ier Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr, ep ˜etqexam stgm FAG ma jatasjeu ˜asei jai ma diawei- q˜ifetai tom aeqokil ˜ema dem tgr ep ˜ebakam upowq ˜eysg ma paq ˜ewei dgl ˜osia upgqes˜ia pou ha ep ˜etqepe tgm ep˜ijkgsg tym enaiq ˜eseym tou ˜aqhqou 90 paq ˜acqavor 2 tgr sumh ˜gjgr. G FAG dem d ˜umatai jat ˜a sum ˜epeia ma epyvekghe˜i ap ˜o jqatij ˜a l ˜etqa cia ma aitiokoc ˜gsei to lomop ˜y- ki ˜o tgr jai o apojkeisl ˜or tou amtacymislo ˜u cia tgm enupgq ˜etgsg tgr peqiow ˜gr st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym dem pqo ˜eqwetai ap ˜o to jq ˜ator l ˜ekor akk ˜a ap ˜o tgm aut ˜omolg ap ˜ovasg tgr FAG. (102) Em p ˜asg peqipt ˜ysei, to Dijast ˜gqio, stgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tou cia tgm up ˜ohesg Corbeau (2) up ˜edeine ˜oti «o apojkeisl ˜or tou amtacymislo ˜u dem dijaiokoce˜itai, yst ˜oso, ˜apan jai pq ˜ojeitai cia eidij ˜er upgqes˜ier, dum ˜alemer ma diawyqisto ˜um ap ˜o tgm upgqes˜ia cemi- jo ˜u sulv ˜eqomtor, oi opo˜ier jak ˜uptoum eidij ˜er am ˜a- cjer [. ] jai pqoˇupoh ˜etoum oqisl ˜emer pq ˜osheter paqow ˜er [. ] jai jah ˜osom oi upgqes˜ier aut ˜er, k ˜ocy tgr v ˜use ˜yr tour jai tym sumhgj ˜ym up ˜o tir opo˜ier [. ] dem amatq ˜epoum tgm oijomolij ˜g paq ˜ewomtai isoqqop˜ia tgr oijomolijo ˜u sulv ˜eqomtor tgm opo˜ia paq ˜ewei o voq ˜ear tou apojkeistijo ˜u dijai ˜ylator». upgqes˜iar cemijo ˜u Stgm pqojeil ˜emg peq˜iptysg, g enupgq ˜etgsg tgr peqiow ˜gr st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym apoteke˜i eidij ˜g upgqes˜ia, dum ˜alemg ma diawyqiste˜i sav ˜yr ap ˜o tgm upgqes˜ia paqow ˜gr aeqokilemij ˜gr upodol ˜gr cia tgm pqosce˜iysg jai tgm apoce˜iysg aeqosjav ˜ym. (1) Sukkoc ˜g 1985, s. 873, sj ˜exg 30. (2) Sukkoc ˜g 1993, s. I-2533, (sj ˜exg 19). En ˜akkou, dem apede˜iwhg ˜oti g apekeuh ˜eqysg tgr acoq ˜ar cia tgm enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleu- sgr aeqosjav ˜ym ha apeik ˜gsei tgm oijomolij ˜g isoq- qop˜ia tgr FAG. ˜Owi l ˜omom g FAG dem ap ˜edeine ˜oti ha uposte˜i opysd ˜gpote oijomolij ˜er fgl˜ier e ˜am epitqa- pe˜i o amtacymisl ˜or stgm enupgq ˜etgsg tgr peqiow ˜gr st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym, o ˜ute ˜oti oi fgl˜ier aut ˜er sumd ˜eomtai le tgm ap ˜ykeia tou lomopyk˜iou ej l ˜eqour tgr FAG. Amt˜iheta, va˜imetai epipk ˜eom, ˜oti ˜akkoi aeqokil ˜emer diatgqo ˜um tgm oijomolij ˜g tour isoqqop˜ia paq ˜a tgm paqous˜ia amtacymislo ˜u stgm enupgq ˜etgsg tgr peqiow ˜gr st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. ˜Akkyste, to epiwe˜iqgla tgr amtist ˜ahlisgr pou pqob ˜akkei g FAG, dgkad ˜g tgm j ˜akuxg tym fgli ˜ym stom tol ˜ea paqow ˜gr upodol ˜gr cia tgm pqosce˜iysg jai tgm apoce˜iysg ap ˜o ta j ˜eqdg stom tol ˜ea tgr ep˜iceiar enupgq ˜etgsgr dem e˜imai apodejt ˜o sto pka˜i- sio aut ˜o. B. 4. Oi sum ˜epeier tgr odgc˜iar 96/67/EJ (103) G FAG upost ˜gqine ˜oti g ˜aqmgs ˜g tgr ma epitq ˜exei tgm enupgq ˜etgsg di’ id˜iym l ˜esym jai tg keitouqc˜ia amen ˜aqtgtym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr tgr peqiow ˜gr st ˜ahleusgr aitiokocgl ˜emg ˜usteqa ap ˜o tg h ˜espisg tgr odgc˜iar 96/67/EJ jai tgm ap ˜ovasg tgr Ceqlam˜iar, tgr 29 Septelbq˜iou 1997, ma tgm enaiq ˜esei ap ˜o tgm upowq ˜eysg ekeuh ˜eqy- sgr pou pqoj ˜uptei ap ˜o tgm odgc˜ia. aeqosjav ˜ym e˜imai To epiwe˜iqgla aut ˜o apoqq˜iptetai. (104) Pq ˜ytom, g ap ˜ovasg tgr Ceqlam˜iar tgr 29gr Septel- bq˜iou 1997 dem ha paq ˜acei, em p ˜asg peqipt ˜ysei, apotek ˜eslata pqim ap ˜o tgm 20 ˜g Iamouaq˜iou 1998 (tqeir l ˜gmer let ˜a tgm paqakab ˜g tgr epistok ˜gr tou jq ˜atour l ˜ekour ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g). Epipk ˜eom, g em k ˜ocy ap ˜ovasg ha paq ˜acei apotek ˜eslata, l ˜omom e ˜am g Epitqop ˜g dem diavym ˜gsei jat ˜a tgm ˜emmoia tou ˜aqhqou 9 paq ˜acqavor 5 tgr em k ˜ocy odgc˜iar ˜opyr sav ˜yr am ˜eveqe g Ceqlam˜ia stgm joimopo˜igs ˜g tgr pqor tgm Epitqop ˜g (3). Swetij ˜a amav ˜eqetai ˜oti g Epitqop ˜g ˜ekabe, tgm ˜idia gleqolgm˜ia, ap ˜ovasg jat ˜a tgm ˜emmoia tou ˜aqhqou 9 paq ˜acqavor 5 tgr odgc˜iar 96/67/EJ, le tgm opo˜ia f ˜gtgse ap ˜o tg Ceqlam˜ia ma tqopopoi ˜gsei ousiyd ˜yr to ped˜io tgr ap ˜ovas ˜gr tgr ma enaiq ˜esei tgm FAG. Pqajtij ˜a, to ped˜ia tgr ap ˜ovasgr tou ceqlamijo ˜u jq ˜atour, tgr 29gr Septelbq˜iou 1997, ha peqioq˜ifetai ( ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm en ˜etasg tou h ˜elator sta pka˜isia tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr) sto ma diatgq ˜gsei cia tgm ˜eyr tir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 2000, tgm acoq ˜a tgr FAG, paqow ˜gr upgqesi ˜ym sto amatokij ˜o adi ˜enodo tou aeqostahlo ˜u 1. (3) «K ˜ocy tym swetij ˜ym molij ˜ym sumepei ˜ym, g ap ˜ovasg ena˜iqesgr ˜osom avoq ˜a tom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr, ha ˜ewei apotek ˜e- slata l ˜omom ev ˜osom sulvym ˜gsei g Epitqop ˜g», joimopo˜igsg tgr jub ˜eqmgsgr tgr Olospomd˜iar Dglojqat˜iar tgr Ceqlam˜iar pqor tgm Epitqop ˜g, tgr 29gr Septelbq˜iou 1997. L 72/50 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 11. 3. 98 (105) De ˜uteqom, g odgc˜ia 96/67/EJ dem h˜icei tgm evaq- loc ˜g tym jam ˜omym tgr sumh ˜gjgr ˜opyr aut ˜o upemhu- l˜ifetai stgm aitiokocij ˜g sj ˜exg 28 tgr ˜idiar tgr odgc˜iar pou amav ˜eqei ˜oti «dem h˜icei tgm evaqloc ˜g tym jam ˜omym tgr sumh ˜gjgr jai id˜iyr ˜oti g Epitqop ˜g ha enajokouh ˜gsei ma leqilm ˜a cia tgm t ˜gqgsg tym jam ˜omym aut ˜ym asj ˜ymtar, ev ˜osom wqei ˜afetai, ˜oker tir aqlodi ˜otgter tou ˜aqhqou 90 tgr sumh ˜gjgr». C. EPIPTYSEIS STO ELPOQIO LETANU JQATYM LEKYM (106) G enupgq ˜etgsg stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosja- v ˜ym pqosv ˜eqetai se aeqopoqij ˜er etaiqe˜ier pou ejte- ko ˜um emdojoimotij ˜er pt ˜gseir. To j ˜ostor tgr enupgq ˜e- tgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym emd ˜ewe- tai ma epgqe ˜asei to j ˜ostor tym upgqesi ˜ym letavo- q ˜ar epibat ˜ym jai voqt˜iou jai ma pqojak ˜esei akka- c ˜er sta ep˜ipeda jai stgm jate ˜uhumsg tgr qo ˜gr tgr jujkovoq˜iar stgm Joim ˜otgta. Cia to k ˜oco aut ˜o, g jat ˜awqgsg tgr desp ˜ofousar h ˜esgr ap ˜o tgm FAG emd ˜ewetai ma epgqe ˜asei to elp ˜o- qio letan ˜u jqat ˜ym lek ˜ym. (107) G FAG upost ˜gqine ˜oti to cecom ˜or ˜oti g FAG jqate˜i cia tom eaut ˜o tgr tir dqastgqi ˜otgter enupgq ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym, ha epgqe ˜a- sei l ˜omo to elp ˜oqio letan ˜u jqat ˜ym lek ˜ym sto bahl ˜o pou oi til ˜er pou wqe ˜ymei g FAG cia tgm paqow ˜g tym em k ˜ocy upgqesi ˜ym e˜imai pok ˜u uxgk ˜er. To epiwe˜iqgla aut ˜o dem e˜imai apodejt ˜o, di ˜oti g ep˜iptysg sto diajqatij ˜o elp ˜oqio dem enaqt ˜atai ap ˜o to e ˜am oi til ˜er tym swetij ˜ym upgqesi ˜ym e˜imai pok ˜u uxgk ˜er, lemij ˜g aitiokoc˜ia tgm pq ˜osbasg dumgtij ˜ym amen ˜aqtgtym voq ˜eym enupgq ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosja- v ˜ym jai stour wq ˜gster tou aeqodqol˜iou to dija˜iyla enupgq ˜etgsgr di’ id˜iym l ˜esym, diatgq ˜ymtar ˜etsi cia tom eaut ˜o tgr tgm acoq ˜a cia tgm paqow ˜g upgqesi ˜ym stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamjvo ˜uqtgr. Aut ˜g g diap˜istysg dem isw ˜uei cia to amatokij ˜o tl ˜gla tou diadq ˜olou B ap ˜o tg h ˜esg B2 ˜eyr tg ˜opou to h ˜esg B42 cia to di ˜adqolo C l ˜ewqi tg h ˜esg C15, lomop ˜ykio tgr FAG lpoqe˜i ma dijaiokocghe˜i amtijeilemij ˜a. ˜Aqhqo 2 G FAG upowqeo ˜utai ma pa ˜usei tgm paq ˜abasg pou amav ˜eqe- tai sto ˜aqhqo 1. Pqor to ˜uto, g FAG upob ˜akei stgm Epitqop ˜g emt ˜or tqi ˜ym lgm ˜ym ap ˜o tgm gleqolgm˜ia joimopo˜igsgr tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr, ajqib ˜er sw ˜edio cia tgm amadioqc ˜amysg tgr acoq ˜ar cia tgm paqow ˜g upgqesi ˜ym stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleu- sgr aeqosjav ˜ym stom aeqokil ˜ema tgr Vqamcjvo ˜uqtgr, ˜etsi ˜yste ma epitq ˜exei tgm pq ˜osbasg stgm acoq ˜a se aeqoleta- voqe˜ir jai se amen ˜aqtgtour voqe˜ir enupgq ˜etgsgr stgm peqiow ˜g st ˜ahleusgr aeqosjav ˜ym. ˜Aqhqo 3 G paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg apeuh ˜umetai stgm Flughafen Frankfurt/Main AG Flughafen Frankfurt/Main D-60547 Frankfurt am Main. ENEDYSE TGM PAQOUSA APOVASG: Bqun ˜ekker, 14 Iamouaq˜iou 1998. ˜Aqhqo 1 G Flughafen Frankfurt/Main AG, (FAG) ejletakke ˜utgje jata- wqgstij ˜a tg desp ˜ofousa h ˜esg pou jat ˜ewei jat ˜a paq ˜abasg tou ˜aqhqou 86 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ aqmo ˜ulemg, wyq˜ir amtijei- Cia tgm Epitqop˜g Karel VAN MIERT L˜ekor tgr Epitqop˜gr