title: Ehdotus neuvoston päätökseksi yhdistyneiden Kansakuntien ilmastonmuutosta koskevan puitesopimuksen pöytäkirjan allekirjoittamisesta Euroopan yhteisön puolesta

eurovoc_concepts:
EU environmental policy
Protocol (EU)
UN convention
climate change
greenhouse gas

text: EUROOPAN YHTEISÖJEN KOMISSIO Bryssel, 23. 02. 1998 KOM(1998)961opull. Ehdotus NEUVOSTON PÄÄTÖKSEKSI Yhdistyneiden Kansakuntien ilmastonmuutosta koskevan puitesopimuksen pöytäkirjan allekirjoittamisesta Euroopan yhteisön puolesta (komission esittämä) Perustelut Neuvosto valtuutti 4. helmikuuta 1991 komission osallistumaan yhteisön puolesta liittyvistä ilmastonmuutosta koskevasta puitesopimuksesta ja kaikista siihen pöytäkirjoista käytäviin neuvotteluihin1. Yhteisö ja kaikki sen jäsenvaltiot allekirjoittivat Yhdistyneiden Kansakuntien ilmastonmuutosta koskevan puitesopimuksen kesäkuussa 1992 ja yhteisö ratifioi sen 15. joulukuuta 19932 tehdyn päatöksen nojalla. Sopimuspuolten ensimmäinen konferenssi järjestettiin Berliinissä 28. maaliskuuta - 7. huhtikuuta 1995. Konferenssissa päätettiin aloittaa prosessi, jolla sopimuspuolten välinen konferenssi valtuutetaan sopimaan aiheellisista toimista vuoden 2000 jälkeiselle jaksolle, mm. vahvistamaan puitesopimuksen liitteessä I mainittujen sopimuspuolten sitoumuksia hyväksymällä pöytäkirja tai muu oikeudellinen asiakirja. Kokouksessa perustettiin avoin erityistyöryhmä laatimaan kertomus konferenssin toiselle kokoukselle prosessin edistymisestä. Tämä niin sanottua Berliinin mandaattia käsittelevä erityistyöryhmä kokoontui kahdeksan kertaa. Neuvotteluja yhteisön toimivaltaan kuuluvista asioista käytiin neuvoston 4. helmikuuta 19913 antamien neuvotteluohjeiden ja neuvoston tämän jälkeen ilmastonmuutosta koskevien päätelmien mukaisesti. Viimeisimmät tekemien päätelmät annettiin 3. maaliskuuta, 19. kesäkuuta ja 16. lokakuuta 1997 järjestetyissä ympäristöneuvoston kokouksissa. Pöytäkirja hyväksyttiin viimein Kiotossa 1. - 10. joulukuuta 1997 järjestetyssä sopimuspuolten konferenssissa Vaikka lopullisesti hyväksytty pöytäkirja ei täysin vastaa Euroopan unionin neuvottelutavoitteita, neuvottelujen tulos on myönteinen maailmanlaajuisen ympäristön kannalta ja yhdenmukainen yhteisön lainsäädännön kanssa, ja se sopii yhteen myös edellä mainittujen neuvoston päätelmien kanssa. Yhteisön olisi toimittava johtavan asemansa mukaisesti myös pöytäkirjan allekirjoittamisen suhteen. Näin ollen on yhteisön edun mukaista, että se voi allekirjoittaa pöytäkirjan niin pian kuin mahdollista sen jälkeen, kun se avataan allekirjoituksille New Yorkissa 16. maaliskuuta 1998. Pöytäkirjaa pidetään avoinna allekirjoituksille 15. päivään maaliskuuta 1999. Seuraavassa vaiheessa pöytäkirja edellyttää sopimuspuolten ratifiointia tai hyväksymistä. Komissio tulee esittämään ehdotuksen neuvoston päätökseksi asiassa. Ottaen huomioon muiden tärkeimpien kumppanien julkiset kannanotot, on jo selvää, että maapallonlaajuinen toimeenpano riippuu siitä, että kuluvana vuotena edistytään 1 DOC 4446/91 ENV 34 ENER 4 2 EYVLL33, 7. 2. 1994, s. 11. 3 DOC 4446/91 ENV 34 ENER 4 lisää, erityisesti sellaisissa asioissa kuin yhteinen toimeenpano, päästökaupan edellytykset ja kehitysmaiden rooli. Komissio tulee tekemään asiaa koskevat tarpeelliset ehdotukset. Tämän vuoksi komissio pyytää, että neuvosto päättää allekirjoittaa ilmastonmuutosta koskevan puitesopimuksen pöytäkirjan ja valtuuttaa neuvoston puheenjohtajan nimeämään henkilöt, joilla on valtuudet allekirjoittaa se yhteisön puolesta. Ehdotus: Neuvoston päätös Yhdistyneiden Kansakuntien ilmastonmuutosta koskeyan puitesopimuksen pöytäkirjan allekirjoittamisesta Euroopan yhteisön puolesta EUROOPAN UNIONIN NEUVOSTO, joka ottaa huomioon Euroopan yhteisön perustamissopimuksen, ottaa huomioon komission ehdotuksen, sekä katsoo, että yhteisö puitesopimuksen sopimuspuoli, on Yhdistyneiden Kansakuntien ilmastonmuutosta koskevan komissio on osallistunut yhteisön puolesta neuvoston sille 4 päivänä helmikuuta tekemien 1991 antamien neuvotteluohjeiden ilmastonmuutosta koskevien päätelmien mukaisesti mainitun puitesopimuksen sopimuspuolten ensimmäisen konferenssin 7 päivänä huhtikuuta 1995 perustamaan Berliinin mandaattia käsittelevään avoimeen erityistyöryhmään, jonka tarkoituksena on ollut sopia aiheellisista toimista vuoden 2000 jälkeiselle jaksolle, ja neuvoston jälkeen tämän pöytäkirja on hyväksytty Yhdistyneiden Kansakuntien ilmastonmuutosta koskevan puitesopimuksen sopimuspuolten konferenssissa Kiotossa 1. - 10. joulukuuta 1997, pöytäkirjan tarkoituksena on kasvihuonekaasupäästöjen vähentäminen ja siten se edistää yhteisön ympäristöpolitiikan tavoitteiden saavuttamista, ja on siksi asianmukaista, että yhteisö allekirjoittaa pöytäkirjan, ON PÄÄTTÄNYT SEURAAVAA: Ainoa artikla Neuvoston puheenjohtaja valtuutetaan täten nimeämään henkilöt, joilla on valtuudet allekirjoittaa yhteisön puolesta Japanin Kiotossa 10 päivänä joulukuuta 1997 hyväksytty ilmastonmuutosta koskevan puitesopimuksen pöytäkirja. Tehty Brysselissä Neuvoston puolesta puheenjohtaja 3 UNITED NATIONS FrameworkConvention on Climate Change Subject to technical revision CONFERENCE OF THE PARHES Thirdsession Kyoto, 1-10 December 1997 Agendaitem5 Distr LIMITED FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l 10Decemberl997 Original: ENGLISH •. f « *• - UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE s. KYOTO PROTOCOL TO THE The Parties to this Protocol, Being Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, heremafter referred to as "me Convention", Inpursuit of the ultimate objective of the Convention as stated in its Article 2, Recalling the provisions of the Convention, Being guided by Article 3 of the Convention, Pursuant to the Berlin Mandate adopted by decision 1/CP. l of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention at its first session, Have agreed as follows: Article 1 For the purposes of this Protocol, the definitions contained in Article 1 of the Convention shallapply. Inaddition: 1. "Conference of the Parties" means the Conference of the Parties to the Convention. H FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. 1 English Page2 "Convention" means the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 2. adopted in New York on 9 May 1992. "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" means the Intergovernmental Panel on 3. Climate Change established in 1988 jointly by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme. 4. "Montreal Protocol" means the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, adopted in Montreal on 16 September 1987 and as subsequently adjusted and amended. "Parties present and voting" means Parties present and caStjng an afflrmative or negative 5. vote. 6. "Party" means, unless the context otherwise indicates, a Party to this Protocol. "Party included in Annex r means a Party included in Annex I to the Convention, as 7. may be amended, or a Party which has made a notification under Article 4, paragraph 2(g), of the Convention. Article 2 Each Party included in Annex I in achieving its quantified emission limitation and 1. reduction commitments under Article 3, in order to promote sustainable development, shall: (a) Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its national circumstances, such as: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Enhancement of energy efficiency in relevant sectors of the national economy; Protection and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, taking into account its commitments under relevant international environmental agreements; promotion of sustainable forest management practices, afforestation and - reforestation; Promotion of sustainable forms of agriculture in light of climate change considerations; Promotion, research, development and increased use of new and renewable forms of energy, of carbon dioxide sequestration technologies and of advanced and innovative environmentally sound technologies;. r FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page 3 (v) Progressive reduction or phasing out of market imperfections, fiscal incentives, tax and duty exemptions and subsidies in all greenhouse gas emitting sectors that run counter to the objective of the Convention and apply market instruments; (vi) Encouragement of appropriate reforms in relevant sectors aimed at promoting policies and measures which limit or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol; (vii) Measures to limit and/or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not corftrölled by the Montreal Protocol in the transport sector; (viii) Limitation and/or reduction of methane through recovery and use in waste management, as well as in the production, transport and distribution of energy; (b) Cooperate with other such Parties to enhance the individual and combined effectiveness of their policies and measures adopted under this Article, pursuant to Article 4, paragraph 2(e)(i), of the Convention. To this end, these Parties shall take steps to share their experience and exchange information on such policies and measures, including developing ways of improving their comparability, transparency and effectiveness. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, consider ways to facilitate such cooperation, taking into account all relevant information. 2. The Parties included in Annex I shall pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol from aviation and marine bunker fuels, working through the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization, respectively. The Parties included in Annex I shall strive to implement policies and measures under 3. this Article in such a way as to minimize adverse effects, including the adverse effects of climate change, effects on international trade, and social, environmental and economic impacts on other Parties, especially developing country Parties and in particular those identified in Article 4, paragraphs 8 and 9 of the Convention, taking into account Article 3 of the Convention. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may take further action, as appropriate, to promote the implementation of the provisions of this paragraph. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, if it 4. decides that it would be beneficial to coordinate any of the policies and measures in paragraph l(a) above, taking into account different national circumstances and potential effects, shall consider ways and means to elaborate the coordination of such policies and measures. c FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page4 Article 3 1. The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions öf the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do hot exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and m accordance with the provisions of this Article, with a view to reducing their overall emissions of such gases by at least 5 per cent below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012. Each Party included in Annex I shall, by 2005, have made demonstrable progress in 2. achieving its commitments under this Protocol. "^=" J The net changes in greenhouse gas emissions from sources and remoyals by sinks 3. resulting from direct human-induced land use changepindjjrestry activitie&ymite<fio~ afforestation, reforestation, and deforestation since 1990, measured as yerinable changes in stocks in each commitmenf period shall be used to meet the commitments in this Article of each Party included in Annex I. The greenhouse gas emissions from sources and removals by sinks associated with those activities shall be reported in a transparent and verifiable manner and reviewed in accordance with Articles 7 and 8. 4. Prior to the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, each Party included in Annex I shall provide for consideration by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice data to establish its level of carbon stocks in 1990 and to enable an estimate to be made of its changes in carbon stocks in subsequent years. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, decide upon modalities, rules and guidelines as to how and which additional human-induced activities related to changes in greenhouse gas emissions and removals in the agricultural soil and land use change and forestry categories, shall be added to, or subtracted from, the assigned amount for Parties included in Annex I, taking into account uncertainties, transparency in reporting, verifiability, the methodological work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice in accordance with Article 5 and the decisions of the Conference of the Parties. Such a decision shall apply in the second and subsequent commitment periods. A Party may choose to apply such a decision on these additional human-induced activities for its first commitment period, provided that these activities have taken place since 1990. 5. The Parties included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy whose base year or period was established pursuant to decision 9/CP. 2 of the Conference of the Parties at its second session, shall use that base year or period for the implementation of their commitments under this Article. Any other Party included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy which has not yet submitted its first national communication under Article 12 of the Convention may also notify the ^ FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page 5 Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol that it intends to use a historical base year or period other than 1990 for the implementation of its commitments under this Article. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this, Protocol shall decide on the acceptance of such notification. Taking into account Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Convention, in the implementation of 6. their commitments under this Protocol other than those in this Article, a certain degree of flexibility shall be allowed by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol to the Parties included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy. In the first quantified emission limitation and reduction commitment period, from 7. 2008 to 2012, the assigned amount for each Party included in Annex I shall be equal to the percentage inscribed for it in Annex B of its aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A in 1990, or the base year or period determined in accordance with paragraph 5 above, multiplied by five. Those Parties included in Annex I for whom land use change and forestry constituted a net source of greenhouse gas emissions in 1990 shall include in their 1990 emissions base year or period the aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions minus removals in 1990 from land use change for the purposes of calculating their assigned amount. 8. Any Party included in Annex I may use 1995 as its base year for hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in paragraph 7 above. Commitments for subsequent periods for Parties included in Annex I shall be established 9. in amendments to Annex B to this Protocol, which shall be adopted in accordance with the provisions of Article 20, paragraph 7. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall initiate the consideration of such commitments at least seven years before the end of the first commitment period mentioned in paragraph 7 above. Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party acquires 10. from another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 and of Article 16 bis shall be added to the assigned amount for that Party. Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party transfers 11. to another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 and of Article 16 bis shall be subtracted from the assigned amount for that Party. Any certified emission reductions which a Party acquires from another Party in 12. accordance with the provisions of Article 12 shall be added to the assigned amount for that Party. FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page 6 13. If the emissions of a Party included in Annex I during a commitment period are less than its assigned amount under this Article, this difference shall, on request of that Party, be added to the assigned amount for that Party for subsequent commitment periods. Each Party included in Annex I shall strive to implement the commitments mentioned in 14. paragraph 1 above in such a way as to minimize adverse social, environmental and economic impacts on developing country Parties, particularly those identified in Article 4, paragraphs 8 and 9, of the Convention. In line with relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties on the implementation of those paragraphs, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, consider what actions are necessary to rninimize the adverse effects of climate change and/or the impacts of cesponse measures on Parties referred to in those paragraphs. Among the issues to be considered shall be the establishment of funding, insurance and transfer of technology. Article 4 Any Parties included in Annex I that have agreed to jointly fulfil their commitments 1. under Article 3 shall be deemed to have met those commitments provided that their total combined aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with the provisions of Article 3. The respective emission level allocated to each of the Parties to the agreement shall be set out in that agreement The Parties to any such agreement shall notify the secretariat of the terms of the 2. agreement on the date of deposit of their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. The secretariat shall in turn inform the Parties and signatories to the Convention of the terms of the agreement. The agreement shall remain in operation for the duration of the commitment period 3. specified in Article 3, paragraph 7. 4. If Parties acting jointly do so in the framework of, and together with, a regional economic integration organization, any alteration in the composition of the organization after adoption of this Protocol shall not affect existing commitments under this Protocol. Any alteration in the composition of the organization shall only apply for the purposes of those commitments under Article 3 that are adopted subsequent to that revision. 5. In the event of failure by the Parties to such an agreement to achieve their total combined level of emission reductions, each Party to such an agreement shall be responsible for its own level of emissions set out in the agreement. FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page 7 6. If Parties acting jointly do so in the framework of, and together with, a regional economic integration organization which is itself a Party to this Protocol, each member State of that regional economic integration organization individually, and together with the regional economic integration organization acting in accordance with Article 23, shall, in the event of failure to achieve the total combined level of emission reductions, be responsible for its level of emissions as notified in accordance with this Article. Article 5 Each Party included in Annex I shall have in place, no later than one year prior to the 1. start-of the first commitment period, a national system for the estimation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol. Guidelines for such national systems, which shall incorporate the methodoloigies specified in paragraph 2 below, shall be decided upon by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting ofthe Parties to this Protocol at its first session. Methodologies for estimating anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks 2. of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol shall be those accepted by the Intergoverhmental Panel on Climate Change and agreed upon by the Conference ofthe Parties at its third session. Where such methodologies are not used, appropriate adjustments shall be applied according to methodologies agreed upon by the Conference ofthe Parties serving as the meeting ofthe Parties to this Protocol at its first session. Based on the work of, interalia, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, the Conference ofthe Parties serving as the meeting ofthe Parties to this Protocol shall regularly review and, as appropriate, revise such methodologies and adjustments, taking fully into account any relevant decisions by the Conference ofthe Parties. Any revision to methodologies or adjustments shall be used only for the purposes of ascertaining compliance with commitments under Article 3 in respect of any commitment period adopted subsequent to that revision. The global warming potentials used to calculate the carbon dioxide equivalence of 3. anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol listed in Annex A shall be those accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and agreed upon by the Conference ofthe Parties at its third session. Based on the work of, inter alia, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, the Conference ofthe Parties serving as the meeting ofthe Parties to this Protocol shall regularly review and, as appropriate, revise the global warming potential of each such greenhouse gas, taking fully into account any relevant decisions by the Conference ofthe Parties. Any revision to a global warming potential shall apply only to those commitments under Article 3 in respect of any commitment period adopted subsequent to that revision. /|o FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page 8 Article 6 1. For the purpose of meeting its commitments under Article 3, any Party included in Annex I may transfer to, or acquire from, any other such Party emission reduction units resulting from projects aimed at reducing anthropogenic emissions by sources or enhancing anthropogenic removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in any sector of the economy, provided that: (a) Any such project has the approval of the Parties involved; (b) Any such project provides a reduction in emissions by sources, or an enhancement of removals by sinks, that is additional to any that would othenvise occur; (c) It does not acquire any emission reduction units if it is not in compliance with its obligations under Articles 5 and 7; and (d) The acquisition of emission reduction units shall be supplemental to domestic actions for the purposes of meeting commitments under Article 3. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may, 2. at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, further elaborate guidelines for the implementation of this Article, including for verification and reporting. A Party included in Annex I may authorize legal entities to participate, under its 3. responsibility, in actions leading to the generation, transfer or acquisition under this Article of emission reduction units. If a question of implementation by a Party included in Annex I of the requirements 4. referred to in this paragraph is identified in accordance with the relevant provisions of Article 8, transfers and acquisitions of emission reduction units may continue to be made after the question has been identified, provided that any such units may not be used by a Party to meet its commitments under Article 3 until any issue of compliance is resolved. Article 7 1. Each Party included in Annex I shall incorporate in its annual inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, submitted in accordance with the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties, the necessary supplementary information for the purposes of ensuring compliance with Article 3, to be determined in accordance with paragraph 4 below. Each Party included in Annex I shall incorporate in its national communication, 2. submitted under Article 12 of the Convention, the supplementary information necessary to X )1 FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. 1 English Page9 demonstrate compliance with its commitments under this Protocol, to be determined in accordance with paragraph 4 below. Each Party included in Annex I shall submit the information required under 3. paragraph 1 above annually, beginning with the first inventory due under the Convention for the first year of the commitment period after this Protocol has entered into force for it. Each such Party shall submit the information required under paragraph 2 above as part of the first national communication due under the Convention after this Protocol has entered into force for it and after the adoption of guidelines as provided for in paragraph 4 below. The frequency of subsequent submission of information required under this Article shall be determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, taking into account any timetable for the submission of national communications decided upon by the Conference of the Parties. 4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall adopt at its first session, and review periodically thereafter, guidelines for the preparation of the information required under this Article, taking into account guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I adopted by the Conference of the Parties. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall also, prior to the first commitment period, decide upon modalities for the accounting of assigned amounts. Article 8 1. The information submitted under Article 7 by each Party included in Annex I shall be reviewed by expert review teams pursuant to the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties and in accordance with guidelines adopted for this purpose by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol under paragraph 4 below. The information submitted under Article 7, paragraph 1, by each Party included in Annex I shall be reviewed as part of the annual compilation and accounting of emissions inventories and assigned amounts. Additionally, the information submitted under Article 7, paragraph 2, by each Party included in Annex I shall be reviewed as part of the review of communications. Expert review teams shall be coordinated by the secretariat and shall be composed of 2. experts selected from those nominated by Parties to the Convention and, as appropriate, by intergovemmental organizations, in accordance with guidance provided for this purpose by the Conference of the Parties. 3. The review process shall provide a thorough and comprehensive technical assessment of all aspects of the implementation by a Party of this Protocol. The expert review teams shall prepare a report to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, assessing the implementation of the commitments of the Party and identifying any potential problems in, and factors influencing, the fulfilment of commitments. Such reports shall nz FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page 10 be circulated by the secretariat to all Parties to the Convention. The secretariat shall list those questions of implementation indicated in such reports for further consideration by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall 4. adopt at its first session, and review periodically thereafter, guidelines for the review of implementation by expert review teams taking into account the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, 5. with the assistance of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation and,; as appropriate, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, consider: (a) The införmation submitted by the Parties under Article 7 and the reports of the expert reviews thereon conducted under this Article; and » (b) Those questions of implementation listed by the secretariat under paragraph 3 above, as well as any questions raised by Parties. Pursuant to its consideration of the införmation referred to in paragraph 5 above, the 6. Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall take decisions on any matter required for the implementation of this Protocol. Article 9 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall 1. periodically review this Protocol in the light of the best available scientific införmation and assessments on climate change and its impacts, as well as relevant technical, social and economic införmation. Such reviews shall be coordinated with pertinent reviews under the Convention, in particular those required by Article 4, paragraph 2(d), and Article 7, paragraph 2(a), of the Convention. Based on these reviews, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall take appropriate action. The first review shall take place at the second session of the Conference of the Parties 2. serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. Further reviews shall take place at regular intervals and in a timely manner. Article 10 All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and their specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, without introducing any new commitments for Parties not included in Annex I, but rearfirming existing commitments in Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, and continuing to advance the *S FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Pagell implementation of these commitments. in order to achieve sustainable development, taking into account Article 4, paragraphs 3, 5 and 7, of the Convention, shall: (a) Formulate, where relevant and to the extent possible, cost-effective national, and where appropriate regional programmes to improve the quality of local emission factors, activity data and/or models which reflect the socio-economic conditions of each Party for the preparation and periodic updating of national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, using comparable methodologies to be agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties, and consistent with the guidelines for national communications adopted by the Conference of the Parties; (b) Formulate, implement, publish and regularly updatenational and, where appropriate, regional programmes containing measures to mitigate climate change and measures to facilitate adequate adaptation to climate change: (i) (ii) Such programmes would, inter alia, concem the energy, transport and industry sectors as well as agriculture, forestry and waste management. Furthermore, adaptation technologies and methods for improving spatial planning would improve adaptation to climate change; and Parties included in Annex I shall submit information on action under this Protocol, including national programmes, according to the guidelines laid down in Article 8; and other Parties shall seek to include in their national communications, as appropriate, information ori programmes which contain measures that the Party believes contribute to addressing climate change and its adverse impacts, including the abatement of increase in greenhouse gas emissions, and enhancement of and removals by sinks, capacity building and adaptation measures. (c) Cooperate in the promotion of effective modalities for the development, application and diffusion of, and take all practicable steps to promote, facilitate and finance, as appropriate, the transfer of, or access to, environmentally sound technologies, know-how, practices and processes pertinent to climate change, in particular to developing countries, including the formulation of policies and programmes for the effective transfer of environmentally sound technologies that are publicly owned or in the public domain and the creation of an enabling environment for the private sector, to promote and enhance access to, and transfer of, environmentally sound technologies; (d) Cooperate in scientific and technical research and promote the maintenance and the development of systematic observation systems and development of data archives to reduce uncertainties related to the climate system, the adverse impacts of climate change and the economic and social consequences of various response strategies, and promote the development and strengthening of endogenous capacities and capabilities to participate in international and /nj FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page 12 intergovernmental efforts, programmes and networks on research and systematic observation, taking into account Article 5 of the Convention; (e) Cooperate in and promote at the international level, and, where appropriate, using existing bodies, the development and implementation of education and training programmes, including the strengthening of national capacity building, in particular human and institutional capacities and the exchange or secondment of personnel to train experts in this field, in particular for developing countries, and facilitate at the national level public awareness and public access to information on climate change. Suitable modalities should be developed to implement these activities through the relevant bodies of the Convention taking into account Article 6 of the Convention; (f) Include in their national communications information on programmes and activities undertaken pursuant to this Article in accordance with relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties; and (g) Give full consideration, in implementing the commitments in this Article, to Article 4, paragraph 8, of the Convention. Article 11 In the implementation of Article 10, Parties shall take into account the provisions of 1. Article 4, paragraphs 4,5, 7, 8 and 9 of the Convention. In the context of the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, in 2. accordance with the provisions of Article 4, paragraph 3, and Article 11 of the Convention, and through the operating entity or entities of the financial mechanism of the Convention, the developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II to the Convention shall: (a) Provide new and additional financial resources to meet the agreed full costs incurred by developing country Parties in advancing the implementation of existing commitments under Article 4, paragraph l(a), of the Convention that are covered in Article 10, subparagraph (a); and (b) Also provide such financial resources, including for the transfer of technology, needed by the developing country Parties to meet the agreed full incremental costs of advancing the implementation of existing commitments in Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention that are covered by Article 10 and that are agreed between a developing country Party and the international entity or entities referred to in Article 11 of the Convention, in accordance with that Article. A r FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page 13 The implementation of these existing commitments shall take into account the need for adequacy and predictability in the flow offunds and the importance of appropriate burden sharing among developed country Parties. The guidance to the financial mechanism of the Convention in relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties, including those agreed before the adoption of this Protocol, shall apply mutatis mutandis to the provisions of this paragraph. 3. The developed country Parties and other developed Parties in Annex II to the Convention may also provide, and developing country Parties avail themselves of, financial resources for the implementation bf Article 10, through bilateral, regional and other multilateral channels. 1. A clean development mechanism is hereby defined. Article 12 2. The purpose of the elean development mechanism shall be to assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3. 3. Under the clean development mechanism: (a) Parties not included in Annex I will benefit from project activities resulting in certified emission reductions; and (b) Parties included in Annex I may use the certified emission reductions accruing from such project activities to contribute to compliance with part of their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3, as determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The clean development mechanism shall be subject to the authority and guidance of the 4. Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol and be supervised by an executive board of the clean development mechanism. Emission reductions resulting from each project activity shall be certified by operational 5. entities to be designated by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, on the basis of: (a) Voluntary participation approved by each Party involved; (b) Real, measurable, and long-term benefits related to the mitigation of climate change; and Ai FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page 14 (c) Reductions- in emissions that are additional to any that would occur in the absence of the certified project activity. The clean development mechanism shall assist in arranging funding of certified project 6. activities as necessary. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, 7. at its first session, elaborate modalities and procedures with the objective of ensuring transparency, efficiency and accountability through independent auditing and verification of project activities. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall 8. ensure that a share of the proceeds from certified project activities is used to cover administrative expenses as well as to assist developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change to meet the costs of adaptation. •. Participation under the clean development mechanism, including in activities mentioned 9. in paragraph 3(a) above and acquisition of certified emission reductions, may involve private and/or public entities, and is to be subject to whatever guidance may be provided by the executive board of the clean development mechanism. 10. Certified emission reductions obtained during the period from the year 2000 up to the beginning of the first commitment period can be used to assist in achieving compliance in the first commitment period. Article 13 The Conference of the Parties, the supreme body of the Convention, shall serve as the 1. meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Protocol may participate as 2. observers in the proceedings of any session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, decisions under this Protocol shall be taken only by those that are Parties to it. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, 3. any member of the Bureau of the Conference of the Parties representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a Party to this Protocol, shall be substituted by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Protocol. 1 3 FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page 15 The Conference ofthe Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall 4. keep under regular review the implementation of this Protocol and shall make, within its mandate, the decisions necessary to promote its effective implementation. It shall perform the functions assigned to it by this Protocol and shall: (a) Assess, on the basis of all information made ävailable to it in accordance with the provisions of this Protocol, the implementation of this Protocol by the Parties, the overall effects ofthe measures taken pursuant to this Protocol, in particular environmental, economic and social effects as well as their cumulative impacts and the extent to which progress towards the objective ofthe Convention is being achieved; (b) Periodically examine the obligations ofthe Parties under this Protocol, giving due consideration to any reviews required by Article 4, paragraph 2{d), and Article 7, paragraph 2, of the Convention, in the light ofthe objective ofthe Convention, the experience gained in its implementation and the evolution of scientific and technological knowledge, and in this respect consider and adopt regular-ceports on the implementation of this Protocol; (c) Promote and facilitate the exchange of information on measures adopted by the Parties to address climate change and its effects, taking into account the differing circumstances, responsibilities and capabilities ofthe Parties and their respective commitments under this Protocol; (d) Facilitate, at the request of two or more Parties, the coordination of measures adopted by them to address climate change and its effects, taking into account the differing circumstances, responsibilities and capabilities ofthe Parties and their respective commitments under this Protocol; (e) Promote and guide, in accordance with the objective ofthe Convention and the provisions of this Protocol, and taking fully into account the relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties, the development and periodic refinement of comparable methodologies for the effective implementation of this Protocol, to be agreed on by the Conference ofthe Parties serving as the meeting ofthe Parties to this Protocol; (f) Make recommendations on any matters necessary for the implementation of this Protocol; (g) Seek to mobilize additional financial resources in accordance with Article 11, paragraph 2; (h) of this Protocol; Establish such subsidiary bodies as are deemed necessary for the implementation *% FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page 16 (i) Seek and utilize, where appropriate, the services and cooperation of, and information provided by, competent international organizations and intergovernmental and non-governmental bodies; and (j) Exercise such other functions as may be required for the implementation of this Protocol, and consider any assignment resulting from a decision by the Conference of the Parties. The rules of procedure of the Conference of the Parties and financial procedures of the 5. Convention shall be applied mutatis mutandis under this Protocol, except as may be othenvise decided by consensus by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to 6. this Protocol shall be convened by the secretariat in conjunction with the first session of the Conference of the Parties thät is scheduled after the date of the entry into force of this Protocol. Subsequent ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be held every year and in conjunction with ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties unless othenvise decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. 7. Extraordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within six months of the request being communicated to the Parties by the secretariat, it is supported by at least one third of the Parties. The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy 8. Agency, as well as any State member thereof or observers thereto not party to the Convention, may be represented at sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol as observers. Any body or agency, whether national or international, governmental or non-governmental, which is qualified in matters covered by this Protocol and which has införmed the secretariat of its wish to be represented at a session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol as an observer, may be so admitted unless at least one third of the Parties present object The admission and participation of observers shall be subject to the rules of procedure, as referred to in paragraph 5 above. Article 14 The secretariat established by Article 8 of the Convention shall serve as the secretariat of 1. this Protocol. 2, Article 8, paragraph 2, of the Convention on the functions of the secretariat, and AO FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page 17 Article 8, paragraph 3, of the Convention on arrangements made for the functioning of the secretariat, shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol. The secretariat shall, in addition, exercise the functions assigned to it under this Protocol. Article 15 The Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body 1. for Implementation established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention shall serve as, respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Protocol. The provisions relating to the functioning of these two bodies under the Convention shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol. Sessions of the meetings of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Protocol shall be held in conjunction with the meetings of, respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of the Convention. Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Protocol may participate as observers 2. in the proceedings of any session of the subsidiary bodies. When the subsidiary bodies serve as the subsidiary bodies of this Protocol, decisions under this Protocol shall be taken only by the Parties to this Protocol. 3. When the subsidiary bodies established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention exercise their functions with regard to matters concerning this Protocol, any member of the Bureaux of those subsidiary bodies representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a party to this Protocol, shall be substituted by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Protocol. Article 16 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, as soon as practicable, consider the application to this Protocol of, and modify as appropriate, the multilateral consultative process referred to in Article 13 of the Convention, in the light of any relevant decisions that may be taken by the Conference of the Parties. Any multilateral consultative process that may be applied to this Protocol shall operate without pfejudice to the procedures and mechanisms established in accordance with Article 17. Article 16 bis The Conference of the Parties shall deflne the relevant principles, modalities, rules and guidelines, in particular for verification, reporting and accountability for emissions trading. The Parties included in Annex B may participate in emissions trading for the purposes of fulfilling their commitments under Article 3 of this Protocol. Any such trading shall be supplemental to domestic actions for the purpose of meeting quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under that Article. 2o FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page 18 Article 17 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, approve appropriate and effective procedures and mechanisms to determine and to address cases of non-compliance with the provisions of this Protocol, including through the development of an indicative list of consequences, taking into account the cause, type, degree and frequency of non-compliance. Any procedures and mechanisms under this Article entailing binding consequences shall be adopted by means of an amendment to this Protocol. Article 18 The provisions of Article 14 of the Convention on settlemerit of disputes shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol. 1. Any Party may propose amendments to this Protocol. Article 19 Amendments to this Protocol shall be adopted at an ordinary session of the Conference of 2. the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The text of any proposed amendment to this Protocol shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six months before the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. The secretariat shall also communicate the text of any proposed amendments to the Parties and signatories to the Convention and, for information, to the Depositary. 3. The Parties shall make every effort to reach ägreement on any proposed amendment to this Protocol by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no ägreement reached, the amendment shall as a last resort be adopted by a three-fourths majority vote of the Parties present and voting at the meeting. The adopted amendment shall be communicated by the secretariat to the Depositary, who shall circulate it to all Parties for their acceptance. 4. Instruments of acceptance in respect of an amendment shall be deposited with the Depositary. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 3 above shall enter into force for those Parties having accepted it on the ninetieth day after the date of receipt by the Depositary of an instrument of acceptance by at least three fourths of the Parties to this Protocol. 5. The amendment shall enter into force for any other Party on the ninetieth day after the date on which that Party deposits with the Depositary its instrument of acceptance of the said amendment. f\ FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page 19 Article 20 Annexes to this Protocol shall form an integral part thereof and, unless othenvise 1. expressly provided, a reference to this Protocol constitutes at the same time a reference to any annexes thereto. Any annexes adopted after the entry into force of this Protocol shall be restricted to iists, forms and any other material of a descriptive nature that is of a scientific, technical, procedural or administrative character. Any Party may make proposals for an annex to this Protocol and may propose 2. amendments to annexes to this Protocol. Annexes to this Protocol and amendments to annexes to this Protocol shall be adopted at 3. an ordinary session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The text of any proposed annex or amendment to an annex shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six months before the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. The secretariat shall also communicate the text of any proposed annex or amendment to an annex to the Parties and signatories to the Convention and, for information, to the Depositary. The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement on any proposed annex or 4. amendment to an annex by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, the annex or amendment to an annex shall as a last resort be adopted by a three-fourths majority vote of the Parties present and voting at the meeting. The adopted annex or amendment to an annex shall be communicated by the secretariat to the Depositary, who shall circulate it to all Parties for their acceptance. 5. An annex, other than Annex A or B, that has been adopted or amended in accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 above shall enter into force for all Parties to this Protocol six months after the date of the communication by the Depositary to such Parties of the adoption or amendment of the annex, except for those Parties that have notified the Depositary in writing within that period of their non-acceptance of the annex or amendment to the annex. The annex or amendment to an annex shall enter into force for Parties which withdraw their notification of non-acceptance on the ninetieth day after the date on which withdrawal of such notification has been received by the Depositary. If the adoption of an annex or an amendment to an annex involves an amendment to this 6. Protocol, that annex or amendment to an annex shall not enter into force until such time as the amendment to this Protocol enters into force. Amendments to Annexes A and B to this Protocol shall be adopted and enter into force in 7. accordance with the procedure set öut in Article 19, provided that any amendments to Annex B shall be adopted only with the written consent of the Party concerned. 2 t. FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page20 Article21 1. Each Party shall have one vote, except as provided for in paragraph 2 below. 2. Regional economic integration organizations, in matters within their competence, shall exercise their right to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of their member States which are Parties to this Protocol. Such an organization shall not exercise its right to vote if any of its member States exercises its right, and vice versa. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the Depositary of this Protocol. Article22 Article23 This Protocol shall-be open for signature and subject to ratification, acceptance or 1. approval by States and regional economic integration organizations which are Parties to the Convention. It shall be open for signature at United Nations Headquarters in New York from 16 March 1998 to 15 March 1999. This Protocol shall be open for accession from the day after the date on which it is closed for signature. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Depositary. 2. Any regional economic integration organization which becomes a Party to this Protocol without any of its member States being a Party shall be bound by all the obligations under this Protocol. In the case of such organizations, one or more of whose member States is a Party to this Protocol, the organization and its member States shall decide on their respective responsibilities for the performance of their obligations under this Protocol. In such cases, the organization and the member States shall not be entitled to exercise rights under this Protocol concurrently. In their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, regional economic 3. integration organizations shall declare the extent of their competence with respect to the matters governed by this Protocol. These organizations shall also inform the Depositary, who shall in turn inform the Parties, of any substantial modification in the extent of their competence. Article 24 This Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date on which not less 1. than 55 Parties to the Convention, incorporating Parties included in Annex I which accounted in total for at least 55 per cent of the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I, have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. zz FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page21 2. For the purposes of this Article, "the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I" means the amount communicated on or before the date of adoption of this Protocol by the Parties included in Annex I in their first national communications submitted in accordance with Article 12 of the Convention. For each State or regional economic integration organization that ratifies, accepts or 3. approves this Protocol or accedes thereto after the conditions set out in paragraph 1 above for the entry into force have been fulfilled, this Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day following the date of deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. 4. For the purposes of this Article, any instrument deposited by a regional- economic integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by States members of the organization. No reservations may be made to this Protocol. Article 25 Article 26 At any time after three years from the date on which this Protocol has entered into force 1. for a Party, that Party may withdraw from this Protocol by giving written notification to the Depositary. 2. Any such withdrawal shall take effect upon expiry of one year from the date of receipt by the Depositary of the notification of withdrawal, or on such later date as may be specified in the notification ofwithdrawal. Any Party that withdraws from the Convention shall be considered as also having 3. withdrawn from this Protocol. Article 27 The original of this Protocol, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Done at Kyoto this tenth day of December one thousand nine hundred and ninety-seven. 1 Annex A FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page 22 Greenhouse gases Carbon dioxide (COj) Methane (CH4) Nitrous oxide (N20) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) Sectors/source categories Energy Fuel combustion Energy industries Manufacturing industries and construction Transport Other sectors Other Fugitive emissions from fuels Solid fuels Oil and natural gas Other Industrial processes Mineral products Chemical industry Metal production Other production Production of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride Consumption of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride Other Solvent and other product use. 2 r FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page23 Agriculture Enteric fermentation Manure management Rice cultivation Agricultural soils Prescribed burning of savannas Field burning of agricultural residues Other. Waste Solid waste disposal on land Wastewater handling Waste incineration Other ZQ FCCC/CP/1997/L. 7/Add. l English Page 24 — Party ••- - Annex B Quantified emission limitation or reduction commitment (percentage of base year or period) " Australia Austria Belgium Bulgaria* Canada Croatia* Czech Republic* Denmark Estonia* European Community Finland France Germany Greece Hungary* Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Latvia* Liechtenstein Lithuania* Luxembourg Monaco Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland* Portugal Romania* Russian Federation* Slovakia* Slovenia* Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine* United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United States of America 108 92 92 92 94. 95 92 ^ 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 94 110 92 92 94 92 92 92 92 92 92 100 101 94 92 92 100 92 92 92 92 92 100 92 93 * Countries that are undergoing the process of transition to a market economy. lt ISSN 1024-4492 KOM(98) 96 lopullinen ASIAKIRJAT FT 14 15 01 Luettelonumero : CB-CO-98-103-FI-C ISBN 92-78-31289-4 Euroopan yhteisöjen virallisten julkaisujen toimisto L-2985 Luxemburg 2%


title: 98/179/EG: Entscheidung der Kommission vom 23. Februar 1998 mit Durchführungsvorschriften für die amtlichen Probenahmen zur Kontrolle von lebenden Tieren und tierischen Erzeugnissen auf bestimmte Stoffe und ihre Rückstände (Text von Bedeutung für den EWR)

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animal product
application of EU law
health control
health risk
live animal
waste

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text: 5. 3. 98 ‹ ‹DE Amtsblatt der Europ(cid:132)ischen Gemeinschaften L 65/31 ENTSCHEIDUNG DER KOMMISSION vom 23. Februar 1998 mit Durchf(cid:129)hrungsvorschriften f(cid:129)r die amtlichen Probenahmen zur Kontrolle von lebenden Tieren und tierischen Erzeugnissen auf bestimmte Stoffe und ihre R(cid:129)ckst(cid:132)nde (Text von Bedeutung f(cid:129)r den EWR) (98/179/EG) DIE KOMMISSION DER EUROP(cid:142)ISCHEN GEMEINSCHAFTEN — Zweck sind auch die Kriterien f(cid:129)r die zielorientierte Probenahme festzulegen. gest(cid:129)tzt auf den Vertrag zur Gr(cid:129)ndung der Europ(cid:132)ischen Gemeinschaft, gest(cid:129)tzt auf die Richtlinie 96/23/EG des Rates vom 29. April 1996 (cid:129)ber Kontrollmaßnahmen hinsichtlich bestimmter Stoffe und ihrer R(cid:129)ckst(cid:132)nde in lebenden Tieren und tierischen Erzeugnissen und zur Aufhebung der Richtlinien 85/358/EWG und 86/469/EWG und der 91/664/EWG (1), 89/187/EWG und Entscheidungen insbesondere auf Artikel 15 Absatz 1 zweiter Unterabsatz, in Erw(cid:132)gung nachstehender Gr(cid:129)nde: Die von den zust(cid:132)ndigen Beh(cid:148)rden der Mitgliedstaaten festgelegten Verfahren f(cid:129)r die Probenahmen und die Behandlung der Proben bis zu ihrer Ablieferung im Analyselaboratorium haben unmittelbaren Einfluß auf die Pr(cid:132)senz unzul(cid:132)ssiger Stoffe in den Proben und die M(cid:148)glichkeiten f(cid:129)r die Ermittlung von R(cid:129)ckst(cid:132)nden bestimmter Stoffe. Diese Verfahren sind daher eine wichtige Phase im R(cid:129)ckstandskontrollplan. Zur Verbesserung der Effizienz der j(cid:132)hrlich in den Mitgliedstaaten zur Ermittlung bestimmter Stoffe und ihrer R(cid:129)ckst(cid:132)nde in lebenden Tieren und tierischen Erzeugnissen durchgef(cid:129)hrten R(cid:129)ckstandskontrollpl(cid:132)ne und zur Sicherstellung einer Vergleichbarkeit der gewon- nenen Ergebnisse sollten genaue und harmonisierte Regeln f(cid:129)r die Probenahme festgelegt werden. Die Proben sind entsprechend den Anh(cid:132)ngen III und IV der obengenannten Richtlinie zu entnehmen. Zu diesem Die in dieser Entscheidung vorgesehenen Maßnahmen entsprechen der Stellungnahme des St(cid:132)ndigen Veterin(cid:132)r- ausschusses — HAT FOLGENDE ENTSCHEIDUNG ERLASSEN: Artikel 1 Die Durchf(cid:129)hrungsvorschriften f(cid:129)r die amtlichen Probe- nahmen einschließlich der Kriterien f(cid:129)r die Zielorientie- rung der Probenahmen sind im Anhang dieser Entschei- dung niedergelegt. Artikel 2 Diese Entscheidung ist an alle Mitgliedstaaten gerichtet. Br(cid:129)ssel, den 23. Februar 1998 F(cid:129)r die Kommission Franz FISCHLER Mitglied der Kommission (1) ABl. L 125 vom 23. 5. 1996, S. 10. L 65/32 ‹ ‹DE Amtsblatt der Europ(cid:132)ischen Gemeinschaften 5. 3. 98 ANHANG Vorschriften f(cid:129)r die amtlichen Probenahmen und die Behandlung der Proben 1. Zust(cid:132)ndigkeiten 1. 1. Kontrolleur Die zust(cid:132)ndige Beh(cid:148)rde ernennt die amtlichen Kontrolleure, die beauftragt sind, unter geeigneten Bedingungen die Entnahme, Registrierung, Vorbereitung und Organisation des Transports der amtlichen Kontrollproben vorzunehmen. 1. 2. Zugelassene Laboratorien Die Analyse der Proben wird ausschließlich von Laboratorien durchgef(cid:129)hrt, die von der zust(cid:132)ndigen Beh(cid:148)rde f(cid:129)r die R(cid:129)ckstands(cid:129)berwachung zugelassen sind. Zugelassene Laboratorien m(cid:129)ssen in ein international anerkanntes externes Qualit(cid:132)tskontroll- und Akkreditierungssystem eingebunden sein. Die Akkreditierung muß vor dem 1. Januar 2002 erfolgen. Die Laboratorien m(cid:129)ssen ihre Kompetenz durch regelm(cid:132)ßige und erfolgreiche Teilnahme an entsprechenden Eignungspr(cid:129)fungen unter Beweis stellen, die von nationalen oder von gemein- schaftlichen Referenzlaboratorien anerkannt oder durchgef(cid:129)hrt werden. 2. Probenahme 2. 1. Allgemeines Unabh(cid:132)ngig vom Ort der amtlichen Probenahme muß die Probe unangek(cid:129)ndigt und unvorher- sehbar an unterschiedlichen Wochentagen und zu unterschiedlichen Tageszeiten entnommen werden. Die Mitgliedstaaten m(cid:129)ssen die notwendigen Vorkehrungen treffen, um sicherzustellen, daß das (cid:154)berraschungsmoment stets gewahrt bleibt. Die Proben werden (cid:129)ber das gesamte Jahr in unterschiedlichen Zeitabst(cid:132)nden in den Betrieben gem(cid:132)ß Anhang III Absatz 1 der Richtlinie 96/23/EG des Rates (1) entnommen. Dabei ist zu ber(cid:129)ck- sichtigen, daß eine Reihe von Stoffen lediglich zu bestimmten Jahreszeiten verabreicht wird. Unbeschadet der Bedingungen des R(cid:129)ckstandskontrollplans sind bei der Auswahl der Proben auch andere Informationen, wie etwa die Verwendung noch unbekannter Stoffe, das pl(cid:148)tzliche Auftreten von Krankheiten in bestimmten Gebieten, Hinweise auf betr(cid:129)gerische Praktiken usw. , zu ber(cid:129)ck- sichtigen. 2. 2. Probenahmeverfahren Der R(cid:129)ckstandskontrollplan dient a) der Ermittlung aller illegalen Behandlungen gem(cid:132)ß Artikel 2 Buchstabe b) der Richtlinie 96/23/EG; b) der Kontrolle der Einhaltung der H(cid:148)chstmengen f(cid:129)r Tierarzneimittelr(cid:129)ckst(cid:132)nde gem(cid:132)ß den Anh(cid:132)ngen I und III der Verordnung (EWG) Nr. 2377/90 des Rates (2) und der H(cid:148)chstmengen f(cid:129)r Pestizide gem(cid:132)ß Anhang II der Richtlinie 86/363/EWG des Rates (3) oder den H(cid:148)chst- mengen gem(cid:132)ß den nationalen Vorschriften (cid:129)ber Umweltgifte; c) der (cid:154)berwachung und Ermittlung der Gr(cid:129)nde f(cid:129)r R(cid:129)ckst(cid:132)nde in Lebensmitteln tierischen Ursprungs. 2. 3. Sammlung von Proben 2. 3. 1. Definitionen 2. 3. 1. 1. Zielorientierte Proben Eine zielorientierte Probe ist eine Probe, die entsprechend dem Probenahmeverfahren gem(cid:132)ß Punkt 2. 2 entnommen wird. (1) ABl. L 125 vom 23. 5. 1996, S. 10. (2) ABl. L 224 vom 18. 8. 1990, S. 1. (3) ABl. L 221 vom 7. 8. 1989, S. 43. 5. 3. 98 ‹ ‹DE Amtsblatt der Europ(cid:132)ischen Gemeinschaften L 65/33 2. 3. 1. 2. Verdachtsprobe Eine Verdachtsprobe ist eine Probe, die entnommen wird, — aufgrund positiver Ergebnisse einer Probenahme gem(cid:132)ß Artikel 5 der Richtlinie 96/23/EG, — aufgrund von Artikel 11, — aufgrund von Artikel 24. 2. 3. 1. 3. Zufallsstichprobe Eine Zufallsstichprobe ist eine Probe, die unter Zugrundelegung statistischer Erw(cid:132)gungen entnommen wird, um repr(cid:132)sentative Daten zu erhalten. 2. 3. 2. Zielorientierte Probenahme im Erzeugerbetrieb 2. 3. 2. 1. Kriterien f(cid:129)r die Auswahl von zielorientierten Proben Erzeugerbetriebe, in denen zielorientierte Proben genommen werden sollen, k(cid:148)nnen unter Ber(cid:129)ck- sichtigung von Kenntnissen (cid:129)ber die (cid:148)rtlichen Gegebenheiten oder anderer zweckdienlicher Infor- mationen wie Art der Mast, Zucht und Geschlecht der Tiere ausgew(cid:132)hlt werden. Der Kontrolleur bewertet sodann den gesamten Bestand des Betriebs, um die Tiere f(cid:129)r die Probenahme auszu- w(cid:132)hlen. Bei der Bewertung sind u. a. folgende Kriterien zu ber(cid:129)cksichtigen: — Hinweise auf die Verwendung pharmakologischer Wirkstoffe, — sekund(cid:132)re Geschlechtsmerkmale, — Verhaltensst(cid:148)rungen, — der gleiche Entwicklungsstand in einer Gruppe von Tieren unterschiedlicher Rassen/Katego- rien, — Tiere mit guter Bemuskelung und geringem Fettansatz. 2. 3. 2. 2. Art der zielorientierten Proben Zur Ermittlung pharmakologischer Wirkstoffe werden die entsprechenden geeigneten Proben gem(cid:132)ß den Bestimmungen des R(cid:129)ckstandskontrollplans entnommen. 2. 3. 3. Zielorientierte Probenahme im Betrieb der ersten Verarbeitung 2. 3. 3. 1. Kriterien f(cid:129)r die Auswahl Bei ihrer Bewertung der Tierk(cid:148)rper und/oder der tierischen Erzeugnisse, von denen eine Probe zu entnehmen ist, sollte der Kontrolleur u. a. folgende Kriterien ber(cid:129)cksichtigen: — Geschlecht, Alter, Art und Haltungssystem, — Kenntnisse (cid:129)ber den Erzeuger, — Hinweise auf die Verwendung pharmakologischer Wirkstoffe, — (cid:129)bliche Praxis in bezug auf die Verabreichung besonderer pharmakologischer Wirkstoffe in dem betreffenden Haltungssystem. Bei der Probenahme sollte die mehrmalige Probenahme von Tieren ein und desselben Erzeugers vermieden werden. 2. 3. 3. 2. Probenmatrix f(cid:129)r die zielorientierte Probenahme Zur Ermittlung pharmakologischer Wirkstoffe werden die entsprechenden geeigneten Probenma- trizen gem(cid:132)ß den Bestimmungen des R(cid:129)ckstandskontrollplans entnommen. 2. 4. Probenmenge Die Mindestmenge der Proben muß im nationalen R(cid:129)ckstandskontrollplan festgelegt sein. Diese muß ausreichend sein, damit die zugelassenen Laboratorien die notwendigen Screening- und Best(cid:132)- tigungsuntersuchungen durchf(cid:129)hren k(cid:148)nnen. 2. 5. Unterteilung in Unterproben Jede Probe muß in mindestens zwei gleiche Unterproben unterteilt werden, die jeweils ein komplettes Analyseverfahren erm(cid:148)glichen, es sei denn, eine solche Unterteilung ist technisch nicht m(cid:148)glich oder nach nationalem Recht nicht erforderlich. Die Unterteilung kann am Ort der Probe- nahme oder im Laboratorium vorgenommen werden. L 65/34 ‹ ‹DE Amtsblatt der Europ(cid:132)ischen Gemeinschaften 5. 3. 98 2. 6. Probenbeh(cid:132)ltnisse Die Proben m(cid:129)ssen in geeigneten Beh(cid:132)ltnissen verpackt werden, um ihre Integrit(cid:132)t zu gew(cid:132)hrlei- sten und ihre R(cid:129)ckverfolgbarkeit zu erm(cid:148)glichen. Insbesondere m(cid:129)ssen die Beh(cid:132)ltnisse einen Austausch, eine Kreuzkontamination oder eine Zersetzung der Proben ausschließen. Die Beh(cid:132)lt- nisse m(cid:129)ssen amtlich versiegelt werden. 2. 7. Probenahmebericht Nach jeder Probenahme ist ein Bericht anzufertigen. Der Probenahmebericht enth(cid:132)lt mindestens folgende Angaben: — Anschrift der zust(cid:132)ndigen Beh(cid:148)rde, — Name oder Zeichen des Kontrolleurs, — amtliche Code-Nummer der Probe, — Datum der Probenahme, — Name und Anschrift des Eigent(cid:129)mers oder Besitzers der Tiere oder der tierischen Erzeugnisse, — Name und Anschrift des Herkunftsbetriebs des Tieres (bei Probenahmen im Betrieb), — Registriernummer des Betriebs/Schlachthofs, — Identifikation des Tieres/Erzeugnisses, — Tierarten, — Probenmatrix, — in den letzten vier Wochen vor der Probenahme verabreichte Arzneimittel (bei Probenahme im Betrieb), — zu untersuchender Stoff oder Stoffgruppen, — besondere Anmerkungen. Kopien des Berichts sind je nach Probenahmeverfahren anzufertigen. Der Probenahmebericht und die Kopien sind zumindest vom Kontrolleur zu unterzeichnen: Bei Probenahmen im Erzeugerbe- trieb kann der Tierbesitzer oder sein Vertreter aufgefordert werden, das Original des Probenahmebe- richts zu unterzeichnen. Das Original des Probenahmeberichts verbleibt bei der zust(cid:132)ndigen Beh(cid:148)rde, die gew(cid:132)hrleisten muß, daß keine unbefugten Personen Zugang zum Original des Probenahmeberichts haben. N(cid:148)tigenfalls kann der Tierbesitzer oder der Eigent(cid:129)mer des Betriebs (cid:129)ber die Probenahmen unter- richtet werden. 2. 8. Probenahmebericht f(cid:129)r das Labor Der von den zust(cid:132)ndigen Beh(cid:148)rden angefertigte Probenahmebericht f(cid:129)r das Labor enth(cid:132)lt minde- stens folgende Angaben: — Anschrift der zust(cid:132)ndigen Beh(cid:148)rden, — Name oder Zeichen des Kontrolleurs, — amtliche Code-Nummer der Probe, — Datum der Probenahme, — Tierarten, — Probenmatrix, — zu untersuchender Stoff oder Stoffgruppen, — besondere Anmerkungen. Dieser Bericht wird dem Untersuchungslaboratorium zusammen mit den Proben ausgeh(cid:132)ndigt. 2. 9. Transport und Aufbewahrung Die R(cid:129)ckstandskontrollpl(cid:132)ne m(cid:129)ssen geeignete Aufbewahrungs- und Transportbedingungen f(cid:129)r jede Analyten-Matrix-Kombination festlegen, damit die Analytenstabilit(cid:132)t und die Integrit(cid:132)t der Probe gew(cid:132)hrleistet ist. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit ist dabei den Transportbeh(cid:132)ltnissen, der Trans- porttemperatur und der Frist bis zur (cid:154)berstellung in das zust(cid:132)ndige Laboratorium zu widmen. Sind die Anforderungen des R(cid:129)ckstandskontrollplans nicht erf(cid:129)llt, so unterrichtet das Laboratorium umgehend die zust(cid:132)ndige Beh(cid:148)rde