title: Beschluß über den Gemeinsamen Standpunkt des Rates im Hinblick auf den Erlaß der Richtlinie des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates über Unterlassungsklagen zum Schutz der Verbraucherinteressen (C4-0585/97 96/0025(COD)) (Verfahren der Mitentscheidung: zweite Lesung)

eurovoc_concepts:
access to the courts
consumer protection
restriction on competition
right to justice

formats: html print


title: Regolamento (CE) n. 566/98 della Commissione del 12 marzo 1998 che fissa le restituzioni alla produzione nel settore dei cereali e del riso

eurovoc_concepts:
cereals
production refund
rice
starch

formats: pdf print

text: L 76/16 IT Gazzetta ufficiale delle Comunit(cid:133) europee 13. 3. 98 REGOLAMENTO (CE) N. 566/98 DELLA COMMISSIONE del 12 marzo 1998 che fissa le restituzioni alla produzione nel settore dei cereali e del riso LA COMMISSIONE DELLE COMUNIT(cid:211) EUROPEE, visto il trattato che istituisce la Comunit(cid:133) europea, visto il regolamento (CEE) n. 1766/92 del Consiglio, del 30 giugno 1992, relativo all’organizzazione comune dei mercati nel settore dei cereali (1), modificato da ultimo dal regolamento (CE) n. 923/96 della Commissione (2), in particolare l’articolo 7, paragrafo 3, visto il regolamento (CE) n. 3072/95 del Consiglio, del 22 dicembre 1995, relativo all’organizzazione comune del mercato del riso (3), modificato dal regolamento (CE) n. 192/98 (4), in particolare l’articolo 7, paragrafo 2, visto il regolamento (CEE) n. 1722/93 della Commissione, del 30 giugno 1993, che stabilisce le modalit(cid:133) di applica- zione relative al regime delle restituzioni alla produzione nel settore dei cereali e del riso (5), modificato da ultimo dal regolamento (CE) n. 1516/95 (6), in particolare l’arti- colo 3, considerando che il regolamento (CEE) n. 1722/93 stabi- lisce le modalit(cid:133) per la concessione della restituzione alla produzione; che la base di calcolo (cid:138) definita all’articolo 3 di tale regolamento; che la restituzione cos(cid:141) calcolata deve essere fissata una volta al mese e pu(cid:149) essere modificata qualora i prezzi del granturco, del frumento e/o dell’orzo subiscano variazioni significative; considerando che le restituzioni alla produzione fissate nel presente regolamento debbono essere aggiustate appli- cando i coefficienti che figurano nell’allegato II del rego- lamento (CEE) n. 1722/93, al fine di stabilire l’importo esatto da pagare; considerando che le misure previste dal presente regola- mento sono conformi al parere del comitato di gestione per i cereali, HA ADOTTATO IL PRESENTE REGOLAMENTO: Articolo 1 1. La restituzione, espressa per tonnellata di amido di granturco, di frumento, di fecola di patate, di riso o di rotture di riso, di cui all’articolo 3, paragrafo 2 del regola- mento (CEE) n. 1722/93, (cid:138) fissata a 5,60 ECU/t. 2. La restituzione, espressa per tonnellata di amido di orzo e di avena, di cui all’articolo 3, paragrafo 3 del regolamento (CEE) n. 1722/93, (cid:138) fissata a 5,60 ECU/t. Articolo 2 Il presente regolamento entra in vigore il 13 marzo 1998. Il presente regolamento (cid:138) obbligatorio in tutti i suoi elementi e direttamente applicabile in ciascuno degli Stati membri. Fatto a Bruxelles, il 12 marzo 1998. Per la Commissione Franz FISCHLER Membro della Commissione (1) GU L 181 dell’1. 7. 1992, pag. 21. (2) GU L 126 del 24. 5. 1996, pag. 37. (3) GU L 329 del 30. 12. 1995, pag. 18. (4) GU L 20 del 27. 1. 1998, pag. 16. (5) GU L 159 dell’1. 7. 1993, pag. 112. (6) GU L 147 del 30. 6. 1995, pag. 49


title: Proposal for a Council Regulation (EC) imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of tungsten carbide and tungsten fused carbide originating in the People's Republic of China

eurovoc_concepts:
China
anti-dumping duty
competition law
import (EU)
tungsten

text: COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 12. 03. 1998 COM(1998) 142 final Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) IMPOSING A DEFINITIVE ANTI-DUMPING DUTY ON IMPORTS OF TUNGSTEN CARBIDE AND TUNGSTEN FUSED CARBIDE ORIGINATING IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (presented by the Commission) EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM 1. In September 1990, by Regulation (EEC) N° 2737/90, the Council imposed a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of tungsten carbide and fused carbide originating in the People's Republic of China. By Decision 90/480/EEC the Commission accepted undertakings given by two major exporters concerning the product subject to measures. 2. Following the withdrawal of the undertakings by the two Chinese exporters concerned, the Council, by Regulation (EC) N° 610/95 of 22 March 1995, amended Regulation (EEC) 2737/90 and imposed a definitive duty of 33% on imports of tungsten carbide and fused carbide. 3. In June 1995,. a request for a review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Council Regulation (EC) N° 3283/94 was lodged by Eurométaux on behalf of Community producers representing a major proportion of the Community production of tungsten carbide and fused carbide. This request for a review was made on the grounds that there was still dumping and that the expiry of the existing anti-dumping duty on imports of tungsten carbide and fused carbide originating in the People's Republic of China would lead to recurrence of injury. 4. On 21 September 1995, by a notice published in the Official Journal of the European Communities, the Commission announced the review of Regulation (EEC) N° 2737/90. 5. The present review exceeded the period of one year within which it should normally have been concluded, due to the complexity of the investigation, and in particular due to the difficulties in obtaining reliable data of an appropriate analogue country. Furthermore, two other investigations concerning tungsten products, i. e. tungsten ores and concentrates on the one hand, and tungstic oxide and acid on the other hand, were initiated at the same time as the present review and had to be carried out in parallel given the links between these products in the tungsten production chain. t i) The investigation showed that tungsten carbide and fused carbide from the People's Republic of China was being exported to the Community with a dumping margin of 30. 6% and that, in the event of the expiry of the measures, material injury would recur for the Community industry, notably in the form of financial losses and continuing and even growing losses of market share by this industry. The Community user industry made its views known. After having examined all the arguments put forward by the interested parties, it was concluded that there were no compelling reasons not to maintain the measures in the present case. A continuation of the measures appears therefore warranted. It is therefore proposed, after consultation of the Advisory Committee, that the Council adopts the draft Regulation annexed, imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of tungsten carbide and fused carbide originating in the People's Republic of China. o. ^ Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) N°. /98 OF. IMPOSING A DEFINITIVE ANTI-DUMPING DUTY ON IMPORTS OF TUNGSTEN CARBIDE AND TUNGSTEN FUSED CARBIDE ORIGINATING IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) N°3 84/96 of 22 December 1995 on protection against dumped imports from countries not members of the European Community 1, as amended by Regulation (EC) N° 2331/96^ and in particular Articles 9(4) and 11(6) thereof, Having regard to the proposal submitted by the Commission after consulting the Advisory Committee, Whereas: 1 OJN°L 56, 6. 3. 1996, p. l. 2 OJN°L 317, 6. 12. 1996, pi A. PROCEDURE 1. Measures in force (1) By Regulation (EEC) N° 2737/903, the Council imposed a definitive anti dumping duty on imports of tungsten carbide and fused carbide originating in the People's Republic of China. By Decision 90/480/EEC^ the Commission accepted undertakings given by two major exporters concerning the product subject to measures. Following the withdrawal of the undertakings by the two Chinese exporters concerned, the Commission imposed by Regulation (EC) N° 2286/94^ of 23 September 1994 a provisional anti-dumping duty on the product concerned. By Regulation (EC) N° 610/956 of 22 March 1995, the Council amended Regulation (EEC) 2737/90 and imposed a definitive duty of 33% on imports of tungsten carbide and fused carbide. 3 OJ N° L 264,27. 9. 1990, p 7 4 OJ N° L 264,27. 9. 1990, p 59 5 OJ N° L 248,23. 9. 1994, p 8 6 OJN°L 64,22. 3. 1995, pi 2. Request for review (2) Following the publication in February 1995 of a notice? of the impending expiry of the measures in force, the Commission received a request for a review of these measures lodged by Eurométaux, on behalf of three Community producers representing, with the exception of one small producer, the totality of the producers of the product concerned in the Community. The request contained evidence of dumping of the product originating in the People's Republic of China and of renewed material injury likely to recur in the event of expiry of the existing measures. This evidence was considered sufficient to justify the initiation of a review investigation. (3) On 21 September 1995, the Commission announced by a notice published in the Official Journal of the European Communities^, the initiation of a review of Council Regulation (EEC) N° 2737/90. This review was initiated under Article 11(2) of Council Regulation (EC) N° 3283/949 which was replaced during the investigation by Regulation (EC) N° 384/96 (hereafter referred to as the "Basic Regulation"). 7 O J N °C 48, 25. 2. 1995, p. 3 8 OJ N° C 244, 21. 9. 1995, p. 3, p. 4 and p. 5 9 O J N °L 349, 31. 12. 1994, pi 3. Investigation (4) The Commission officially advised the producers/exporters and importers known to be concerned, the representatives of the exporting country and the complainant Community producers of the initiation of the review. (5) Interested parties were given the opportunity to make their views known in writing and to request a hearing within the time limit set in the above notice. (6) The Commission sent questionnaires to all parties known to be concerned and received replies from the three complainant Community producers, three importers which were also users of the product concerned and from two exporters/producers and an importer in the Community related to exporters/producers. The Community producers, exporters/producers and some importers/users made their views known in writing and were granted a hearing. (7) The Commission sought and verified all information it deemed necessary for the purpose of the investigation and carried out verification visits at the premises of the following companies: a) Community producers - Wolfram Bergbau und Huttengesellschaft m. b. H. , St Peter, Austria - H. C. Starck GmbH & Co KG, Goslar, Germany - Eurotungstène Poudres, Grenoble, France b) Importers/users in the Community - AB Sandvik Hard Materials, Sweden - Seco Tools AB, Sweden c) Related importer - Minmetals North-Europe AB, Sweden d) Producer in the analogue country - Teledyne Advanced Materials, USA (8) The investigation of dumping covered the period from 1 October 1994 to 30 September 1995 (hereafter referred to as the "Investigation Period"). The examination of injury covered the period from 1991 up to the end of the Investigation Period. (9) The present review exceeded the period of one year within which it should normally have been concluded pursuant to Article 11 (5) of the Basic Regulation, due to the complexity of the investigation, and in particular due to the difficulties in obtaining reliable data on an appropriate analogue country. Furthermore, two other investigations concerning tungsten products, i. e. tungsten ores and concentrates on the one hand, and tungstic oxide and acid on the other hand, were initiated at the same time as the present review and had to be carried out in parallel given the links between these products in the tungsten production chain. B. PRODUCT UNDER CONSIDERATION AND LIKE PRODUCT 1. Product under consideration (10) The product concerned by the present review is the same as the one under consideration in Council Regulation (EC) N° 2737/90 and falls within CN code 2849 90 30. Tungsten carbide and fused tungsten carbide are compounds of carbon and tungsten produced by heat treatment (carburisation in the first case, fusion in the second). Both products are intermediate products, used as input materials in the manufacture of hard metal components such as cemented carbide cutting tools and high-wear components, in abrasion-resistant coatings, in bits for oil drilling and mining tools as well as in dies and tips for the drawing and forging of metals. (11) An allegation was made by an importer that tungsten carbide and fused tungsten carbide were different products. The arguments put forward were mainly based on the different manufacturing processes and the differences in chemical characteristics. However, the investigation has shown that, although their manufacturing process is different, tungsten carbide and fused tungsten carbide have the same chemical composition (both consist of approximately 92 to 94% of tungsten metal and 4 to 6% of carbon) and come from the same stage in the tungsten ' production chain, i. e. between tungsten metal powder and carbide tools and wear-resisting materials. Furthermore, they are put to similar end-uses in the industry, i. e. as a surface hardening component. Although for certain specific and limited applications which require higher wear and abrasive resistance only fused tungsten carbide is used, fused tungsten carbide and tungsten carbide are generally interchangeable. It was therefore concluded that, as in the original investigation, fused tungsten carbide and tungsten carbide are one single product for the purpose of the investigation. They are hereafter referred to as "carbide". 2 Like product (12) As established in the original investigation, the review investigation has confirmed that the products exported by the People's Republic of China and those manufactured and sold by the Community producers and by producers in the analogue country were like products within the meaning of Article 1(4) of the Basic Regulation, because they have essentially the 'same physical characteristics and end-uses. C. CONTINUATION AND LIKELIHOOD OF RECURRENCE OF DUMPING 1. Preliminary Remarks (13) In accordance with Article 11(2) of the Basic Regulation, the purpose of the present review was to determine whether or not the expiry of the measures would lead to a continuation or recurrence of dumping, in particular by examining whether dumping continued to take place after the adoption of anti dumping measures. 2. Analogue country (14) Since the People's Republic of China is not a market economy country, normal value had to be determined on the basis of information obtained in a third country market economy (hereinafter the "analogue country"). For this purpose South Korea had been suggested by the complainants. The notice of initiation envisaged the use of this country as an analogue country. Although substantial efforts were made to secure co-operation from several South Korean manufacturers of the product concerned, these producers refused to co-operate. (15) As an alternative, the complainants had suggested the use of the United States of America as an analogue country. In addition, the use of Israel for this purpose was also considered in the light of the readiness of the Israeli manufacturer Metek Metal Technology Ltd. to co-operate not only in the review concerning tungstic acid10, but also in this review. However, when tungstic oxide and analysing the data submitted by the Israeli producer Metek Metal Technology Ltd. , it became clear that this company did not sell the product concerned on its domestic market. In the present case, only the US market seemed to provide for sufficient sales in the ordinary course of trade of domestically produced carbide. One major US producer of carbide, Teledyne Advanced Materials (hereinafter "Teledyne"), offered to co-operate. The following facts and considerations were decisive for the choice of the United States of America as an appropriate analogue country: - the carbide produced in the US had the same characteristics as that produced in the People's Republic of China and exported to the Community ; 10 OJN°L ,p 10 - the carbide manufacturing process of the co-operating US producer is based on the calcination into tungstic oxide of domestically produced or imported ammonium paratungstate which is further carburised into tungsten carbide, or on the direct carburisation of imported tungstic oxide, as well as the reprocessing of various tungsten containing scrap compositions. It is similar to the manufacturing process of the Chinese producers, assessed on the basis of data available from the co-operating Chinese exporters/producers. It is modern and efficient, and proved to be profitable during the Investigation Period. - in terms of sourcing, Teledyne had unimpeded access to the raw materials for the production of carbide, namely ammonium paratungstate and tungstic oxide, which were purchased at world market prices during the Investigation Period from different sources of supply. - the US producer sold around 85% of its production on the US market, an open and representative domestic market with a considerable number of end users, where it competed with six other local producers of carbide. The US market showed a competitive structure of supply and demand, further bolstered by significant import volumes of carbide from various countries (the People's Republic of China, South Korea, Israel etc. ). Nothing was found to suggest that costs and prices were not governed by the economic forces of a non-regulated, free market economy. 11 (16) On the basis of the above factors, and in accordance with Article 2(7) of the Basic Regulation, the United States of America was, therefore, considered to be an appropriate and not unreasonable choice of an analogue country for establishing normal value for the product under investigation. No objections were raised to the choice of the US as an analogue country, neither by the Chinese exporters/producers nor by the Chinese authorities, nor by any other party concerned. 3 Normal value based on domestic sales (17) In accordance with Article 2 (2) of the Basic Regulation it was examined whether the volume of sales of carbide by Teledyne on the domestic market reached at least 5% of the volume of the product concerned exported by the People's Republic of China to the Community. It was found that the domestic sales of the like product achieved by Teledyne represented a multiple of the volume of the exports made by the Chinese exporters to the Community. (18) It was subsequently examined whether the domestic sales of Teledyne to independent customers could be considered to have been made in the ordinary course of trade. 12 Whether or not domestic sales were made in the ordinary course of trade was determined pursuant to Article 2(4) of the Basic Regulation. It was found that the weighted average selling price of all sales during the Investigation Period was equal to or higher than the weighted average unit cost of production, and that the volume of individual sales transactions below unit cost of production was less than 20% of sales being used to determine normal value; therefore all domestic sales were regarded as having been made in the ordinary course of trade. (19) Normal value was therefore based, as set out in Article 2(1) of the Basic Regulation, on the basis of the prices paid or payable of all domestic sales of the carbide to independent customers of Teledyne in the US market during the Investigation Period. 4. Export prices (20) Comprehensive data were received on export prices from two Chinese producers/exporters and four importers. The data covered almost the totality of Chinese exports concerned carbide to the Community during the Investigation Period, as confirmed by Eurostat figures. 13 For those Chinese exports which were sold directly for export to independent customers in the Community, export prices were established on the basis of the prices actually paid or payable for the product concerned, in accordance with Article 2 (8) of the Basic Regulation. For a significant percentage of the Chinese exports which were made through a related company (Minmetals North-Europe AB), export prices were constructed on the basis of resale prices to the first independent customers in the Community, in accordance with Article 2 (9) of the Basic Regulation. An adjustment was made for all costs, including duties and taxes incurred between importation and resale, and for profit. The profit margin was established on the basis of data obtained from the unrelated importers in the same business sector. 5. Comparison (21) In accordance with Article 2(11) of the Basic Regulation, a weighted average normal value, on a FOB US border basis, was compared to a weighted average export price on a FOB China border basis, and at the same level of trade. For the purpose of a fair comparison, in accordance with Article 2(10) of the Basic Regulation, due allowance in form of adjustments was made for differences in respect of transport, insurance, credit costs, handling and ancillary costs, which were claimed and demonstrated to affect price comparability. 6. Dumping margin 14 The above comparison showed the existence of dumping, the dumping margin being equal to the amount by which the normal value exceeded the export price. Expressed as a percentage of the free-at-Community frontier price, duty unpaid, the single weighted average dumping margin amounts to 30,6%. D. COMMUNITY INDUSTRY (22) A number of claims were made by the Chinese exporters/producers and some users concerning the definition of the Community industry and the standing of the producers supporting the review request. (23) The Chinese exporters/producers claimed that one of the producers supporting the review request was related to one importer of Chinese carbide and should therefore be excluded from the definition of the Community industry, pursuant to Article 4(1 )(a) and (2) of the Basic Regulation. 15 It was established during the investigation that the two companies concerned although related had no control over each other. Moreover, these companies had conflicting interests regarding the imposition of the anti-dumping measures. One company was producing carbide whereas the other company was importing the product concerned. It was found that the two companies were acting autonomously when defining and pursuing their business strategy. Overall, it was concluded that their relationship did not influence the behaviour nor did it distort the analysis of the economic situation of the Community producer in question as regards the product concerned and there was therefore no reason to exclude this producer from the definition of the Community industry. (24) As mentioned in recital (2), the request for review was submitted by producers representing almost the totality of the production of carbide intended for sales on the open market and, accordingly, they constituted the Community industry. This was contested by a number of integrated producers of tungsten end- products in the Community (tools, hard metals), producing small quantities of carbide exclusively for internal consumption. Specifically, they argued that the representativity of the producers supporting the review should be assessed by reference to the totality of the Community production of the product concerned (including their own captive production) and that, on this basis, the producers supporting the review were not representative of the Community industry. 16 (25) This issue was examined but it was concluded that the argument was incorrect. Indeed, even if the output of the companies which only produce for captive use was taken into account, the producers supporting the review request would still account for 60% of the overall Community production of the product concerned, thus fulfilling the criteria of Article 5(4) of the Basic Regulation. In addition, it was confirmed that the producers supporting the review accounted for almost all Community production of carbide intended for sales in the open market. (26) Given the above, the producers supporting the review request constitute the Community industry within the meaning of Articles 4(1) and 5(4) of the Basic Regulation. For the remainder of this Regulation, the term "Community industry" will be used to refer to the companies supporting the review. E. LIKELIHOOD OF CONTINUATION OR RECURRENCE OF INJURY 1. Preliminary remarks (27) When examining injury, it should be recalled that carbide is part of an entire production chain of tungsten products and that, therefore, any developments of the market for the product concerned should be seen in conjunction with the developments for the other products in the production chain. Conclusions with regard to injury were based on data relating to the Community as composed at the time of the initiation of the review, i. e. the Community of 15 Member States. 17 2. Community consumption (28) For the purpose of the investigation, and as the Community industry only produced carbide for the open market, consumption in the Community market was established on the basis of the production by the Community industry plus imports, minus exports, plus or minus stock variations. This approach did not take into account captively used production of integrated downstream producers of tungsten end products (e. g. hard metal components) which was not considered to be in direct competition with the dumped imports. On this basis, the consumption in the Community went from 2801 tonnes in 1991 to 2819 tonnes in 1992, decreased to 2706 tonnes in 1993 and increased again in 1994 to 4236 tonnes and in the Investigation Period to 4703 tonnes, representing an increase of 68% in comparison with 1991. This development of consumption, showing a decrease until the end of 1993 and a recovery thereafter, was in line with the market developments for the industrial sectors using the product concerned. 18 3. Volume and market share of the dumped imports (29) Imports from tfee People's Republic of China in the Community decreased from 143 tonnes in 1991 to 6$ tonnes in 1992 and increased again to 83 tonnes in 1993, 136 tonaes in 1994 and 234 tofcnes in the Investigation Period (overall increase by 63. 6%). The market share of these imports decreased from 5. 1% in 1991 to 2. 4% in 1992 but increased continuously thereafter, up to 5% in the Investigation Period, despite the imposition of anti-dumping measures in the form of ad-valorem duties after the withdrawal of the undertakings by the Chinese exporters in 1994. 4. Prices of the dumped imports a) Overall trend (30) On the basis of price information available (Eurostat), prices of the Chinese exporters (OF, customs and anti-dumping duties unpaid) remained relatively stable between 1991 and the Investigation Period (+ 2%). The relatively stable prices of carbide has to be seen in conjunction with the increase in prices of the tungsten upstream products, ammonium paratungstate and tungstic oxide and acid which increased respectively by 27% and 25% over the same period. h) Price Undercutting 19 (31) For the Investigation Period, the Community industry's monthly weighted average selling price for carbide was compared with a monthly weighted average price of tungsten exported from the People's Republic of China to the Community. The Community industry's prices were ex-works and the exporters' prices were at-Community frontier, customs and anti-dumping duties paid. This comparison showed a negligible undercutting margin. However, it should be noted that, prior to the imposition of the ad valorem duty (September 1994) resulting from the withdrawal of the undertakings by the Chinese exporters, the Chinese prices were found to continuously undercut the Community producers' prices and price undertakings in force during this period did not appear to have been consistently adhered to. 5. The situation of the Community industry (32) In accordance with Article 11(2) of the Basic Regulation, it was examined whether the expiry of the measures in force would lead to a continuation or recurrence of injury to the Community industry. 20 a) Production, production capacity, utilisation rate and stocks (33) The Community industry's production of the product concerned remained stable at around 3300 tonnes from 1991 to 1993 and increased to 4375 tonnes in 1994 and 4641 tonnes in the Investigation Period, which represents an increase by 40% in comparison with 1991. This increase should be seen in the light of the increase in consumption over the same period (+68%). (34) The Community industry's production capacity remained stable from 1991 to 1993 at 4240 tonnes and increased to 4740 tonnes in 1994 and 5095 tonnes in the Investigation Period (+20% by comparison with 1991). (35) The utilisation rate was stable from 1991 to 1993, at around 78%, and increased up to more than 90% in 1994 and the Investigation Period. (36) Stocks decreased overall during the period, in particular in 1994 and the Investigation Period. b) Sales volume and market share (37) The quantity of carbide sold in the Community market by the Community industry increased in absolute terms from 1873 tonnes in 1991, to 1993 tonnes in 1992, decreased to 1828 tonnes in 1993, increased again to 2596 tonnes in 1994 and 2994 tonnes in the Investigation Period (overall increase by 60%). The market share of this industry, after an increase in 1992, decreased continuously thereafter. It developed as follows: 66. 9% in 1991, 70. 7% in 1992, 67. 6% in 1993, 61. 3% in 1994 and 63. 7% in the Investigation Period. c) Price evolution 21 (38) The weighted average selling price of carbide decreased sharply (-20%) between 1991 and 1994 and strongly recovered during the Investigation Period. It is noted that this recovery in prices coincided with the imposition in September 1994 of a 33% ad valorem duty on Chinese imports. Furthermore, this price increase followed the increase in the prices of the tungsten upstream intermediates, i. e. ammonium paratungstate and oxide (see also recital (31)). The price increase also coincided with the increase in demand. d) Profitability (39) The Community producers suffered heavy losses of up to 20% on average from 1991 to 1994. As a consequence of the strong price recovery, profitable returns on sales were reached during the Investigation Period (13% on average). e) Employment (40) Given the fact that the personnel concerned works in an integrated production chain and the close links between the various tungsten products, specific allocations of personnel per product were not possible. Employment of the tungsten sector decreased by 14% over the whole period. In the Investigation Period, the Community industry employed 580 people in the tungsten production chain. f) Conclusion on the situation of the Community industry 22 (41) The above analysis has revealed that some injury indicators such as production, sales and capacity utilisation showed, after a long period of negative trends, positive developments in line with the positive development in the market overall and coinciding with the imposition of ad-valorem anti-dumping duties on the imports concerned by the present investigation after 1994. As far as the financial situation of the Community industry is concerned, it should be noted that profits were only made in the Investigation Period. In the years prior to the Investigation Period (1991-1994), the Community industry continued to suffer material injury in the form of decreasing prices and heavy losses of up to 20% on average. Finally it should be noted that the market share held by the Community industry, after an increase in 1992, decreased continuously from 1993 to the Investigation Period by almost 10 percentage points. In this respect, it should be noted that, in the past, the Chinese exports were mostly concentrated on ammonium paratungstate and to a lesser extent oxide. However, it is not unlikely that, in the absence of measures on carbide, the Chinese exports would move gradually to carbide given that this is a higher value product in the chain. 6. Price undercutting in the event of the expiry of measures. (42) A second price undercutting calculation was undertaken to establish the level of undercutting in the event of the expiry of anti-dumping measures. The methodology was the same as that described in recital (31) except that, no anti dumping duty was added to the import price. In this case, undercutting margins resulted of 23% on average, expressed as a percentage of the Community producer's prices. 23 7. Conclusion (43) The situation of the Community producers improved during the Investigation Period. However, it can be concluded from the investigation that, because of their low prices, Chinese imports aggravated the difficulties of the Community industry prior to the imposition of ad-valorem duties when the undertakings offered by the Chinese exporters/producers were apparently not respected. This has prevented the Community industry from fully recovering from the effects of the previous dumping practices. It appears highly likely that in the absence of anti-dumping measures, the prices of the Chinese dumped imports would be made at a level that undercuts the prices of the Community industry. (44) In this context, a number of claims were made by the Chinese exporters questioning the causal link between the dumped imports and the situation of the Community industry. It was alleged that the recovery of the Community industry was only due to the surge in demand for carbide in 1994 and the Investigation Period and not to the imposition of an ad valorem duty on Chinese imports. In this respect, it cannot be denied that the recovery in demand influenced the level of prices. However, it should be stressed that it was only after September 1994, when the ad valorem anti-dumping duties were imposed, that the sales prices achieved by the Community industry increased and the financial situation of the Community producers improved after years of losses. 24 (45) It was further claimed that Chinese imports have had less impact on the Community market than imports from other third countries like the United States or South Korea. It should be noted that, although imports originating from the USA and South Korea took over part of the increase in consumption during the period examined, with a consequent increase of the respective market shares, their prices were found to be generally higher than the Chinese prices and there was no evidence of these prices being dumped. In addition, any influence of other imports on the situation of the Community industry does not detract from the negative impact that, in the absence of measures, the Chinese imports could continue to have on the situation of the Community industry as shown by the likelihood of continued price undercutting (see recital (43) above). (46) Furthermore, the need for measures to be maintained should also be seen in the light of the pressure that imports of Chinese intermediate products could cause on the prices of the Community industry's end-product. In this context, it should be noted that the Community industry is, to a certain degree, dependent on external supply of upstream products (mainly ammonium paratungstate), given that the recycling process of scrap materials does not, at the moment, meet the overall needs of the industry. In the absence of anti-dumping measures on carbide, the industry could be compelled, under pressure from the Chinese imports of this product, to lower its prices of carbide and if faced at the same time with an increase in the Chinese prices of upstream products, its viability would be compromised. (47) It was therefore concluded that, in the absence of measures, there is a likelihood of a recurrence of injury. 25 F. COMMUNITY INTEREST (48) It should be recalled that in the previous investigation, the adoption of measures was considered not to be against the interest of the Community. Furthermore, it should be noted that the present investigation is a review, thus analysing a situation in which anti-dumping measures have already been in place. Consequently, the timing and nature of the present investigation would allow to assess any negative undue impact on the parties concerned by the anti-dumping measures imposed. 1. The Community carbide industry (49) The Community industry in the Investigation Period was composed of three companies located in different Member States. For each of these companies, carbide represents the most important product in the tungsten production chain, being the final product in this chain. In terms of turnover, carbide accounts for more than 60% of the value of all sales of tungsten products. In the past years, constant investments have been made in this sector in order, in particular, to ensure compliance of production methods with environmental requirements and to develop new processing methods, namely recycling of tungsten containing scrap materials. This technology is aimed at gaining more independence from the raw materials (concentrates) or intermediate products (ammonium paratungstate and tungstic oxide and tungstic acid). 26 The economic situation which is characterised by financial losses having been incurred during four years by the Community industry has not yet been fully re established since the recent introduction of an ad valorem anti-dumping duty. (50) As shown in the investigation, it is likely that in the absence of protective measures on carbide, the last and most vulnerable stage of the tungsten production chain, injury would recur in the form of losses to the Community industry and continuing and even growing losses of market share. Fair conditions of competition should therefore be maintained to allow the Community industry to remain viable. 2. The user industry (51) It is recalled that the Community users of carbide are mainly the manufacturers of hard metal components, (i. e. carbide tools and wear resisting materials). It is composed of a few large companies ("major users") which partly have an integrated production (i. e. they start from the ammonium paratungstate or tungsten oxide stage and transform these products up to the final stage) and around a hundred smaller companies ("smaller users"), which start mostly at the carbide stage. (52) One major user claimed that the anti-dumping duty on Chinese imports would increase its overall production costs and endanger its position on the Community market in comparison with its major US and Japanese competitors which can provide themselves with carbide not subject to anti-dumping measures. It would allegedly suffer a loss of competitiveness. 27 It was found that this user, which is an integrated producer of carbide tools and wear resistant materials, started its production process during the period considered mainly from upstream intermediates such as ammonium paratungstate and tungstic oxide and had, therefore, limited needs for imported carbide. It imported almost a fourth of the total of carbide imported in the Community from the People's Republic of China. However, this represented less than 4% of its carbide consumption. The maximum impact of the 33% duty was calculated to amount to less than 1% on the production costs of the tungsten related products of this user. Any impact of the duty on this company's tungsten chain would therefore appear to be minimal. (53) A dozen smaller users have expressed themselves in favour of maintaining the measures. The main argument was that if the measures on carbide lapsed, it would only favour the major users' strong position in the market of carbide tools. These users have a stronger negotiating position vis-à-vis the Chinese suppliers than the smaller companies and could therefore obtain more advantageous prices. (54) No other substantiated comments against measures were submitted by users. Since the measures have been in place for a certain period, and would be maintained at the same level, it can be concluded that this would not imply any deterioration of the situation of the users in general. 28 3. Effective competition (55) It has also been claimed that the level of competition on the carbide market would be affected by the continuation of the anti-dumping duty since it would create an oligopolistic market. All users would have to rely on the Community producers. (56) It should be recalled that in spite of anti-dumping measures, the Chinese exporters have always been present on the Community market and increased their market share during the Investigation Period. It should be further noted that there are other third country suppliers of carbide in the Community, ensuring that a number of alternative supply sources exist. Finally, it has been demonstrated that due to the interrelationship between the various products of the tungsten chain, there is considerable competitive pressure in the market for any product in the chain from the competitors in the market for the other products. 4. Conclusion on Community interest (57) In the light of the above, it was concluded that there were no compelling reasons not to maintain the measures in force, in order to ensure competitive conditions of fair pricing and to avoid any likelihood of a recurrence of injury to the Community industry which would certainly occur if measures were allowed to expire. 29 G. ANTI-DUMPING MEASURES (58) All parties concerned were informed of the essential facts and considerations on the basis of which it was intended to recommend the maintenance of the existing measures. They were also granted a period within which to make representations subsequent to these disclosures. The comments of the parties were considered and, where appropriate, the findings have been modified accordingly. (59) It follows from the above that, as provided for by Article 11(2) of the Basic Regulation, the anti-dumping duty of 33% on imports of tungsten carbide and fused carbide originating in the People's Republic of China imposed by Regulation (EEC) N° 2737/90 should be maintained. Regulation (EEC) N° 2737/90 has been maintained in force by this review and will lapse on its conclusion. The anti-dumping duty imposed by that Regulation should therefore be reimposed. 30 HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: Article 1 1. A definitive anti-dumping duty is hereby imposed on imports of tungsten carbide and fused carbide, falling within CN code 2849 90 30 and originating in the People's Republic of China. 2. The duty shall be 33% of the net, free-at-Community-frontier price of the product, before duty. 3. Unless otherwise specified, the provisions in force concerning customs duties shall apply. Article 2 This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities. This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States. Done at Brussels, ISSN 0254-1475 COM(98) 142 final DOCUMENTS EN 02 12 11 09 Catalogue number : CB-C0-98-147-EN-C ISBN 92-78-31909-0 Office for Official Publications of the European Communities L-2985 Luxembourg 2>t


title: Dictamen del Comité de las Regiones sobre: - la «Comunicación de la Comisión - Fomento del aprendizaje en Europa», y - la «Propuesta de Decisión del Consejo relativa a la promoción de "itinerarios europeos" de formación en alternancia incluido el aprendizaje»

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text: 11. 6. 98 ES Diario Oficial de las Comunidades Europeas C 180/43 Dictamen del Comité de las Regiones sobre: — la «Comunicacio´ n de la Comisio´ n — Fomento del aprendizaje en Europa», y — la «Propuesta de Decisio´n del Consejo relativa a la promocio´ n de “itinerarios europeos” de formacio´n en alternancia incluido el aprendizaje» EL COMITÉ DE LAS REGIONES, (98/C 180/08) vista la «Comunicacio´n de la Comisio´n — Fomento del aprendizaje en Europa» (1) y la «Propuesta de Decisio´n del Consejo relativa a la promocio´ n de “itinerarios europeos” de formacio´n en alternancia incluido el aprendizaje» (2); vista la decisio´ n de la Mesa de 11 de junio de 1997, en virtud del cuarto pa´rrafo del artı´culo 198 C del Tratado constitutivo de la Comunidad Europea, de elaborar un dictamen sobre este tema y de encargar a la Comisio´ n de Educacio´ n y Formacio´n Profesional (Comisio´ n 6) la preparacio´n de los trabajos; visto el proyecto de dictamen (CDR 431/97 rev. ) aprobado por la Comisio´n 6 el 16 de enero de 1998 (Ponente: Sr. Axel Endlein); considerando que en su dictamen sobre el «Libro Blanco sobre la educacio´n y la formacio´n» (3), el Comité sen˜ala que los programas de aprendizaje y de empleo-formacio´ n deberı´an considerarse como una parte integrada o un complemento del sistema educativo; considerando que en su dictamen sobre el «Libro Verde de la Comisio´ n sobre Educacio´ n — Formacio´n — Investigacio´n: Los obsta´culos para la movilidad transnacional» (4), el Comité subraya la necesidad de un marco jurı´dico especı´fico para garantizar a los jo´ venes en pra´cticas y a los voluntarios condiciones de movilidad iguales, ası´ como de programas de movilidad destinados a los aprendices, y que deben ponerse en pra´ctica medidas destinadas a mejorar la comparabilidad, transparencia y reconocimiento de las cualificaciones profesionales; considerando que en el Consejo Europeo extraordinario sobre el empleo celebrado el 20 y 21 de noviembre de 1997 se subrayo´ el compromiso de los Estados miembros para garantizar a los jo´ venes mayores posibilidades para adaptarse a los cambios tecnolo´gicos y econo´ micos y ma´s competencias que sean relevantes en el mercado laboral, en caso necesario poniendo en pra´ctica o desarrollando el aprendizaje, ha aprobado en su 22o Pleno de los dı´as 12 y 13 de marzo de 1998 (sesio´ n del 12 de marzo) por unanimidad el presente Dictamen. 1. Introduccio´n En el capı´tulo 7 del Libro Blanco «Crecimiento, 1. 1. 1. competitividad, Empleo — Retos y pistas para entrar en el siglo XXI» se subraya la importancia del aprendizaje y de una mayor participacio´n del sector econo´ mico en la formacio´n profesional inicial y continua. En la cumbre europea de Florencia, celebrada los dı´as 21 y 22 de junio de 1996, se pidio´ a la Comisio´n que realizara un estudio sobre el papel del aprendizaje en la creacio´ n de empleo en los Estados miembros. 1. 1. 2. El estudio, titulado «La funcio´ n del aprendizaje en el fomento de la creacio´ n de empleo: la importancia del aprendizaje para el mercado laboral», efectuado por el Netherlands Economic Institute, aparecio´ en abril de (1) COM(97) 300 final. (2) COM(97) 572 final - 97/0321 (SYN) — DO C 67 de 3. 3. 1998, p. 7. (3) DO C 182 de 24. 6. 1996, p. 15. (4) DO C 215 de 16. 7. 1997, p. 1. 1997 y sus resultados se han tenido en cuenta en el presente dictamen. 1. 1. 3. En junio de 1997, la Comisio´n Europea presento´ una Comunicacio´n «Fomento del aprendizaje en Euro- pa», en la que se proponen cinco a´mbitos de actuacio´n. En noviembre de 1997, la Comisio´ n presento´ 1. 1. 4. una «Propuesta de Decisio´n del Consejo relativa a la promocio´n de “itinerarios europeos” de formacio´n en alternancia incluido el aprendizaje», que contiene medidas para facilitar la movilidad transnacional de los aprendices. 1. 2. Resultados del estudio sobre la importancia del aprendizaje en los Estados miembros 1. 2. 1. El estudio esta´ dividido en cinco partes. En la primera se propone una definicio´n pra´ctica del concepto de aprendizaje y se elabora una tipologı´a de los sistemas de formacio´n existentes en los Estados miembros. El aprendizaje se caracteriza por combinar una ensen˜anza C 180/44 ES Diario Oficial de las Comunidades Europeas 11. 6. 98 fundamentalmente teo´rica en la escuela y una formacio´n eminentemente pra´ctica en la empresa. El periodo de aprendizaje en conjunto debe tener una determinada duracio´ n, finalizar con la obtencio´n de un tı´tulo y mantener un equilibrio en la divisio´n de la formacio´n entre la empresa y la escuela. Esto quiere decir que, por ejemplo, una formacio´n impartida enteramente en la escuela con pra´cticas ocasionales en la empresa no encaja en la definicio´n de aprendizaje. Segu´ n la tipologı´a empleada en el estudio, la 1. 2. 2. nocio´n de aprendizaje en su sentido ma´s amplio abarca los siguientes tipos de formacio´n profesional: a) lo que el estudio denomina el aprendizaje «tradicio- nal o regular», que supone la continuacio´n de la formacio´n, una vez finalizada la ensen˜anza general obligatoria. Se imparte fundamentalmente a jo´ venes de entre 15 y 18 an˜ os. En Dinamarca, Alemania y Austria, el aprendizaje desempen˜ a un papel muy importante, tanto cualitativo como cuantitativo, siendo parte integrante del segundo ciclo de la ensen˜anza secundaria. El porcentaje de alumnos que abandonan los estudios tras el primer ciclo de ensen˜anza secundaria es el siguiente: 56 % en Dina- marca, 42 % en Alemania y Austria. También en otros paı´ses, como Bélgica y Francia (11 %), Irlanda (10 %), Luxemburgo (13 %), los Paı´ses Bajos (20 %) y el Reino Unido (calculado en un 16 %), el aprendizaje constituye una parte importante de la formacio´n profesional inicial, aunque predominan los centros de formacio´n profesional a tiempo completo, como en Suecia y Finlandia. También existen sistemas de aprendizaje en otros paı´ses, pero tienen un alcance limitado; b) el aprendizaje en los ciclos superiores de la ensen˜anza (formacio´ n técnica, ensen˜anza universitaria). Hasta ahora, se ha considerado ma´s bien como una medida de reforma (como acceso a otros a´mbitos o etapas de formacio´n); de momento, so´lo existe en unos pocos paı´ses y u´nicamente como medida excepcional o proyecto piloto; c) el aprendizaje entendido principalmente como una medida de creacio´ n de empleo a corto plazo para incrementar las posibilidades de los alumnos menos favorecidos una vez terminada la ensen˜anza obligato- ria. En este tipo de aprendizaje predomina el objetivo de preparar a los jo´ venes para la vida laboral y para acceder a la formacio´n profesional normal o a un primer empleo; d) el aprendizaje (también como medida polı´tica de creacio´ n de empleo) para las mujeres que quieren reintegrarse en la vida laboral; e) el aprendizaje (como medida polı´tica de creacio´ n de empleo) para los parados de larga duracio´ n. 1. 2. 3. El primer tipo (a) es el aprendizaje en el sentido estricto del término, es decir, tal como se entiende en su uso normal. Una caracterı´stica fundamental es el hecho de que constituye uno de los tipos de formacio´n posibles después de la escolaridad obligatoria y que, por consiguiente, forma parte de la ensen˜anza y no de la polı´tica del mercado de trabajo. Si bien la tipologı´a del estudio pone de manifiesto que sus principios ba´sicos pueden aplicarse también a otros a´mbitos de ensen˜anza y a otros destinatarios, la Comunicacio´ n de la Comisio´n y el presente dictamen se centran principalmente en este primer tipo de aprendizaje. 1. 2. 4. En el estudio se mencionan otros temas y problemas del aprendizaje: por ejemplo, las posibilidades de que los aprendices diplomados accedan a otro sector de formacio´n o a un nivel superior a menudo son limitadas, lo que por fuerza reduce el atractivo del aprendizaje para los alumnos. La integracio´n de los medios interesados (asociaciones de empresarios, sindi- catos, ensen˜antes, administracio´ n) varı´a considerable- mente, siendo los paı´ses con una mayor tradicio´n de aprendizaje los que permiten el mayor nivel de participacio´n, lo que refuerza la posicio´ n y la aceptacio´n del aprendizaje en el mercado de trabajo. Lo mismo ocurre con el grado de descentralizacio´ n de la toma de decisiones en las entidades regionales y locales. En los paı´ses que tienen una mayor tradicio´n 1. 2. 5. de aprendizaje, el periodo de tiempo que se pasa en la empresa representa aproximadamente las tres cuartas partes del tiempo semanal de formacio´n; en el resto, el porcentaje es menor. No obstante, los modelos de organizacio´n de la combinacio´n empresa/escuela varı´an enormemente. La importancia de la titulacio´n y su reconocimiento efectivo en el mercado del trabajo también se resuelven y valoran de modo muy diverso. 1. 2. 6. Por lo que se refiere a la eficacia del aprendizaje con relacio´ n al mercado de trabajo, el estudio llega a una conclusio´n positiva. Confirma el potencial del aprendizaje para crear oportunidades de empleo. Para muchos, el aprendizaje, con la importancia que otorga a la experiencia pra´ctica, facilita considerablemente el paso a la vida laboral. Las posibilidades de acceso al mundo laboral entre los aprendices diplomados son superiores a las de los alumnos de formacio´n profesional. Cuanto mayor es la participacio´ n en la formacio´n de aprendizaje menor es la tasa de desempleo juvenil, comparada con la tasa de desempleo total. En los paı´ses donde se ha desarrollado mucho el aprendizaje hay una buena capacidad de respuesta ante los avances tecnolo´gicos. 1. 2. 7. No obstante, el aprendizaje se enfrenta con dificultades de diversa ı´ndole. Por ejemplo, existe el riesgo inevitable de que, en épocas de recesio´ n, los puestos de aprendizaje en la empresa se reduzcan. Asimismo, a juicio del Comité cabe sen˜alar también que en las zonas rurales, con un bajo ı´ndice de empleo en la industria y los servicios y un ı´ndice de natalidad relativamente ma´s elevado, ası´ como en las regiones en declive industrial, es ma´s difı´cil el equilibrio entre la oferta y la demanda de aprendizaje que en las regiones con mayor desarrollo econo´mico. La participacio´ n de la industria en el aprendizaje es muy diferente, de modo que hay un peligro de discordancia entre la formacio´n y el empleo. La competencia entre los sistemas de formacio´n posterior a la obligatoria (formacio´n general permanen- te, aprendizaje, formacio´n profesional) puede provocar rechazos y distorsiones en la demanda de formacio´n. 11. 6. 98 ES Diario Oficial de las Comunidades Europeas C 180/45 1. 2. 8. Es preciso reconocer que los empresarios que ofrecen puestos de aprendizaje en ocasiones pueden sentirse desmotivados por la legislacio´n y la reglamenta- cio´n europeas, que pueden resultar perjudiciales para el nivel existente de empleo y desincentivadoras para los empresarios. Consejo relativa a la promocio´n de “itinerarios europe- os” de formacio´n en alternancia incluido el aprendizaje». Cuando revise el programa de accio´n LEONARDO DA VINCI, la Comisio´n insistira´ sobre todo en un plan de movilidad para los aprendices en las mismas lı´neas que el programa SO´ CRATES/ERASMUS. En muchos paı´ses en los que predominaba un 1. 2. 9. enfoque académico de la formacio´n profesional, los polı´ticos prestan ahora mucha ma´s atencio´ n al aprendi- zaje. En los u´ltimos an˜ os se han realizado numerosas reformas e inversiones para adaptar o —especialmente, en los paı´ses meridionales— crear sistemas de formacio´n de aprendizaje. 1. 3. «Comunicacio´n de la Comisio´ n — Fomento del aprendizaje en Europa» el constituye La Comunicacio´n 1. 3. 1. primer documento que la Comisio´ n dedica al tema del aprendi- zaje. Es un trabajo sucinto, de tan so´lo diez pa´ginas, en el que se exponen los puntos de partida (capı´tulo 1: «El aprendizaje como punto de partida de la vida laboral»), los ejemplos actuales de reforma en los Estados miembros (capı´tulo 2: «Reformas dina´micas con objetivos simila- res») y las recomendaciones o a´mbitos de actuacio´ n (capı´tulo 3: «Cinco claves para un aprendizaje ma´s eficaz»). 1. 3. 2. zaje pueden resumirse del siguiente modo: Las recomendaciones para fomentar el aprendi- A m p l i a r y d e s a r r o l l a r e l a p r e n d i z a j e El aprendizaje debe adaptarse a las nuevas ocupaciones y sectores econo´micos que se crean. Para que las empresas proporcionen puestos de aprendizaje suficientes, los Estados miembros deben ofrecer incentivos econo´ micos. La Comisio´n realizara´ un estudio en toda Europa sobre los sistemas y enfoques innovadores que puedan servir de modelo. E l e v a r l a c a l i d a d d e l a f o r m a c i o´ n Se recomienda a los Estados miembros que adapten sus planes de formacio´n profesional de modo que se reduzca la diferencia entre la formacio´n inicial y la formacio´n continua. La Comisio´ n, por su parte, dentro del progra- ma europeo de formacio´n profesional LEONARDO DA VINCI, contribuira´ a la mejora del aprendizaje por medio de programas de intercambio de profesorado. E s t i m u l a r d i c e s l a m o v i l i d a d d e l o s a p r e n - El estatuto del aprendiz en los distintos Estados miem- bros difiere enormemente, lo que impide la movilidad dentro de la UE y el reconocimiento de la formacio´n adquirida en otro Estado miembro. Segu´ n la Comunica- cio´n, la Comisio´ n ha presentado una propuesta destinada a desarrollar un marco comu´n para fomentar el aprendi- zaje en Europa, titulada «Propuesta de Decisio´ n del H a c i a e u r o p e a s d e a p r e n d i z a j e c r e a c i o´ n l a d e e s t r a t e g i a s En colaboracio´n con los Estados miembros, la Comisio´ n podrı´a redactar regularmente informes sobre la forma- cio´n del aprendizaje en la UE. Por otro lado, la Comisio´ n recomienda la creacio´ n de un sistema de comparacio´n de pra´cticas («benchmarking») en el aprendizaje. Estos sistemas ofrecen unas posibilidades de control y segui- miento continuos —como se ha previsto en la compara- cio´n de pra´cticas— que pueden contribuir a desarrollar nuevas estrategias de aprendizaje. 1. 4. «Propuesta de Decisio´n del Consejo relativa a la promocio´n de “itinerarios europeos” de formacio´n en alternancia incluido el aprendizaje» Esta propuesta contiene una primera versio´ n 1. 4. 1. concreta de los a´mbitos de medidas fijados en la Comunicacio´ n sobre el fomento del aprendizaje en Europa, en especial, con vistas a facilitar la movilidad transnacional de los aprendices. 1. 4. 2. En el artı´culo 1 se establecen los objetivos que persigue el proyecto de decisio´ n. Se establecen el contenido y los principios comunes que deben conside- rarse mı´nimamente necesarios para la formacio´n en alternancia (incluido el aprendizaje) y se introduce un certificado denominado «Europass-Formacio´n», con el que se certificara´n los conocimientos adquiridos durante el periodo de formacio´n efectuado en otro Estado miembro. En el artı´culo 3 se establecen los principios de 1. 4. 3. organizacio´n. Los Estados miembros debera´n adoptar las medidas necesarias para que los periodos de forma- cio´n realizados como parte de una formacio´n general en otro Estado miembro sean convalidados, legalmente y en la pra´ctica. Se considerara´ que estos periodos de formacio´n son parte integrante de la formacio´n estableci- da en los planes de estudio nacionales. Esto so´lo podra´ conseguirse mediante una estrecha asociacio´n entre el organismo responsable de la formacio´n en el paı´ses de origen y en el de destino. Sera´ necesario organizar una tutorı´a pedago´gica adecuada. El periodo de formacio´n debera´ tener una duracio´ n mı´nima determinada. En el artı´culo 4 se establecen las caracterı´sticas 1. 4. 4. del Europass (naturaleza, duracio´ n, contenido y organis- mo responsable del periodo de formacio´n impartido en otro Estado miembro). El artı´culo 5 se refiere a la funcio´ n de la Comisio´n, que velara´ por la coherencia global de las medidas y establecera´ vı´nculos con otros programas comunitarios de formacio´n profesional. En el artı´culo 6 se abordan las medidas de estı´mulo y de acompan˜amiento, por ejemplo, la aplicacio´ n técnica de los «Europass-Formacio´n», las cuestiones relativas al C 180/46 ES Diario Oficial de las Comunidades Europeas 11. 6. 98 control de calidad y a la promocio´n de la igualdad de oportunidades. En el Anexo se precisan las caracterı´sticas técnicas y gra´ficas del Europass. de la formacio´n y los programas de formacio´n europeos. Esto es importante tanto para los jo´ venes como para los centros en los que se imparte la formacio´n. 2. Observaciones generales 2. 1. Razones y motivos de la Comunicacio´ n 2. 1. 1. El Comité de las Regiones acoge favorablemen- te la Comunicacio´n porque recoge la labor de reforma realizada actualmente en numerosos Estados miembros y la amplı´a confiriéndole una dimensio´n europea y de intercambio transnacional de experiencias. En ello responde al contenido del artı´culo 127. El Comité se considera tanto ma´s obligado a emitir un dictamen cuanto que el Tratado de Amsterdam prevé la consulta obligatoria al Comité en el a´mbito de la polı´tica de formacio´n profesional. 2. 1. 2. El Comité considera que la Comunicacio´ n constituye el inicio de un debate que se prolongara´ durante mucho tiempo a nivel nacional y europeo. Parte de la base de que la actual Comunicacio´ n, muy sucinta, sera´ completada por un Libro Verde en el que se profundizara´n sus elementos y demandas y que facilitara´ el debate y la consulta sobre las cuestiones planteadas. 2. 1. 3. El Comité se congratula de que se haya realiza- do un estudio a fondo sobre la importancia real del aprendizaje en Europa. Por una parte, el estudio revela —como era de esperar— que el aprendizaje constituye el sistema dominante dentro de la formacio´n profesional inicial so´lo en algunos Estados miembros. Por otra parte, destaca que en los paı´ses (excepto Suecia) en los que la formacio´n hasta ahora so´lo se impartı´a en la escuela, se han emprendido y llevado a cabo reformas e inversiones en favor del aprendizaje. Es decir, el desarro- llo del aprendizaje se ha convertido en un tema de interés general europeo. En el contexto de la polı´tica educativa se acoge 2. 1. 4. favorablemente esta iniciativa de la Comisio´n, que permitira´ procesar y dar a conocer mejor las experiencias realizadas en los Estados miembros en materia de aprendizaje. Esto sera´ u´til para los paı´ses que completen sus planes de formacio´n con este sistema. Por otra parte, a los paı´ses que poseen una mayor tradicio´n de aprendizaje les interesa garantizar el aprendizaje y la titulacio´n correspondiente en la legislacio´n comunitaria y reforzar la dimensio´n europea y la movilidad de los aprendices. 2. 1. 5. En este contexto es necesario remitirse a la iniciativa anunciada por la Comisio´n sobre el estatuto europeo del aprendiz. En lo que respecta a la libre circulacio´n, el aprendiz so´lo esta´ protegido en la medida en que puede hacer valer su derecho a la libre circulacio´n de trabajadores. Sucede con mucha frecuencia, especial- mente en las regiones fronterizas, que el aprendiz o el aspirante a un puesto de aprendiz tiene dificultades para comenzar una formacio´n o un perı´odo de pra´cticas como parte de su aprendizaje en otro paı´s. A este respecto, el estatuto europeo del aprendiz podrı´a ser de gran ayuda. Asimismo ofrecerı´a a los jo´venes que se preparan para un oficio especializado, para una profesio´n técnica o para el sector de servicios la posibilidad de aprovechar ma´s fa´cilmente la movilidad 2. 2. Importancia para los entes regionales y locales 2. 2. 1. El aprendizaje presenta una dimensio´n y una diferenciacio´ n no so´lo de cara´cter econo´ mico sino también geogra´fico. Su fundamento radica en que las empresas se comprometen, cada una en su sector de actividad, a ofrecer puestos de aprendizaje y posterior- mente puestos de trabajo, mientras que los entes locales y regionales se encargan de poner las escuelas, el profesorado y el equipamiento. Los entes locales y regionales y las empresas o grupos de empresas interesa- das en el aprendizaje deberı´an negociar convenios con el fin de satisfacer mejor las necesidades del tejido econo´ mico local en materia de calificacio´ n. 2. 2. 2. El aprendizaje so´lo puede dar resultado si la red local esta´ densamente desarrollada. En esa medida, la participacio´n de las entidades locales y regionales es una condicio´n indispensable, no una exigencia infunda- da. El aprendizaje se construye necesariamente de abajo arriba. Las normativas deben tener en cuenta este hecho, por ejemplo, no restringiendo las posibilidades de hallar soluciones geogra´ficas (para las empresas y las escuelas). 2. 2. 3. En el estudio no se examina suficientemente la participacio´n institucional en el aprendizaje. Tampoco en la Comunicacio´ n se presta atencio´ n al tema. El Comité pide que se tenga en cuenta este aspecto en los pro´ximos estudios previstos. En los paı´ses con una mayor tradicio´n de 2. 2. 4. aprendizaje, éste constituye un instrumento importante para el desarrollo de la economı´a regional, que, como es sabido, actualmente se ve influida ma´s por las cualificaciones sociales y profesionales (es decir, por el capital humano) que por el capital material. Esto es va´lido tanto para las regiones desfavorecidas que deben incrementar sus puestos de trabajo como para las regiones tecnolo´gicamente avanzadas. El estudio so´lo menciona someramente este aspecto y la Comunicacio´ n ni siquiera lo menciona. El Cedefop realizo´ en los an˜ os ochenta un importante trabajo preliminar sobre el tema con estudios pra´cticos a nivel regional que ahora convendrı´a reactivar. En opinio´n del Comité, este tema debe tratarse desde el punto de vista del cara´cter territorial de la formacio´n profesional, y especialmente del aprendizaje. Es responsabilidad de las entidades locales y regionales explicar y proporcionar apoyo material a este aspecto de la polı´tica de recursos humanos que favorece el desarrollo regional. Desde este punto de vista, cabe sen˜ alar que 2. 2. 5. este tema se tendra´ en cuenta en el debate sobre la reestructuracio´ n de los fondos estructurales. Sin la participacio´n de los entes regionales y locales, el necesa- 11. 6. 98 ES Diario Oficial de las Comunidades Europeas C 180/47 rio dia´logo europeo sobre el fomento del aprendizaje carecerı´a de sentido. 3. Observaciones especı´ficas 3. 1. Dictamen sobre el objetivo de ampliar y desarro- llar nuevos modos de formacio´n de aprendizaje 3. 1. 1. El Comité considera adecuado el objetivo de ampliar el aprendizaje aumentando el nu´mero de puestos de formacio´n (especialmente en sectores en crecimiento y orientados hacia nuevas ocupaciones) y utilizando las nuevas tecnologı´as. Para ello es especialmente importan- te la labor de concienciacio´n de las empresas (incluidas las PYME), la creacio´n o reutilizacio´ n de los centros de ensen˜anza y otras formas de apoyo. La experiencia en los paı´ses con mayor tradicio´n de aprendizaje demuestra claramente que es especialmente importante contar con un entorno institucional favorable. Las empresas deben adquirir conciencia de que invertir en el aprendizaje es rentable, ya que facilita considerablemente el acceso al trabajo de las nuevas generaciones y acelera la adapta- cio´n a las nuevas tecnologı´as, a las estrategias de comercializacio´n y a la innovacio´ n de la produccio´n. 3. 2. Dictamen sobre el objetivo de elevar la calidad de la formacio´n 3. 2. 1. El valor del aprendizaje proviene de la diversi- dad de experiencias adquiridas a partir de las exigencias sociales de las empresas, las cualificaciones pra´cticas y los fundamentos teo´ricos impartidos en las escuelas. El elemento central del aprendizaje radica en que debe concebirse como un conjunto coherente, no como una sucesio´n inconexa de habilidades. So´lo partiendo de estas premisas adquiere sentido la preparacio´n para una formacio´n a lo largo de toda la vida. El Comité aprueba la intencio´ n de la Comisio´n de ampliar el programa Leonardo (mediante el intercambio de profesores) para conseguir este objetivo. 3. 2. 2. En el objetivo de elevar la calidad de la educacio´n no debe olvidarse la formacio´n continua del profesorado. 3. 3. Dictamen sobre el objetivo de estimular la movili- dad de los aprendices Se aprueba sin reservas el objetivo de estimular 3. 3. 1. la movilidad transnacional de los aprendices, ya que adema´s representa el a´mbito de accio´n natural a escala europea. Lo mismo ocurre con la recogida y elaboracio´n de la informacio´n sobre el aprendizaje en los Estados miembros. En este contexto, el Comité acoge favorable- mente las futuras propuestas de un estatuto europeo del aprendiz, que eliminara´n muchos de los obsta´culos existentes para la movilidad (tanto dentro como fuera de las fronteras). 3. 3. 2. Au´n no esta´ claro en qué medida la propuesta actual de crear un certificado «Europass-Formacio´n» presentada por la Comisio´n resulta suficiente para fundamentar un estatuto europeo del aprendiz. El Comité estima que esta propuesta so´lo constituye un primer paso hacia la consecucio´n de los objetivos fijados en el Libro Verde «Educacio´ n — Formacio´n — Investigacio´n — Los obsta´culos para la movilidad transnacional», también en el a´mbito del aprendizaje. En este contexto se remite a la Comunicacio´n de la Comisio´n «Por una Europa del conocimiento» en la que se subraya expresamente la importancia del aprendizaje para el fomento del conocimiento y la creacio´n de empleo. 3. 3. 3. El Comité aprueba la propuesta de decisio´ n del Consejo, presentada por la Comisio´n, relativa a la promocio´n de itinerarios europeos de formacio´n en alternancia y como aprendiz, porque de este modo los Estados miembros deben comprometerse a reforzar la movilidad transnacional dentro de la formacio´n profesional en alternancia. El certificado «Europass- Formacio´n» representa un medio apropiado de recono- cer formalmente los conocimientos profesionales adqui- ridos en otro Estado miembro. 3. 3. 4. No obstante, cabe preguntarse en qué medida es apropiado el término «itinerarios europeos de formacio´n en alternancia incluido el aprendizaje» y si resulta una buena eleccio´ n. Porque no se trata de una formacio´n propiamente dicha, tal como podrı´a desprenderse de la expresio´n, sino de etapas dentro de un periodo de formacio´n profesional que debe regirse por las condicio- nes fijadas en cada Estado miembro. El Comité acoge favorablemente que en la 3. 3. 5. elaboracio´n de la propuesta se haya procurado mantener la mayor flexibilidad posible (en particular, en la fijacio´ n de la duracio´ n). Es el u´nico modo de que los distintos interlocutores (empresas, centros de formacio´n, organis- mos competentes, interlocutores sociales, etc. ) puedan encontrar las soluciones adecuadas. El Comité sen˜ ala que el lugar de aprendizaje 3. 3. 6. en el paı´s de acogida no tiene por qué ser u´nicamente la empresa, sino también los centros de formacio´n, o una combinacio´n de ambos. 3. 3. 7. A juicio del Comité, cabe temer que las peque- n˜as empresas participen en la movilidad transnacional en menor medida que las grandes o que las empresas que poseen filiales en otros Estados miembros, y esto por diversos motivos (por ejemplo, la ausencia de los aprendices en el momento de reembolsarse las ayudas a la formacio´n profesional). Deben buscarse soluciones apropiadas a los problemas de las pequen˜as empresas. Por ejemplo, en Dinamarca, los aprendices deben efec- tuar una parte de su formacio´n en el extranjero y existe un Fondo a partir del cual se sufragan las ayudas a la formacio´n profesional en su ausencia. En el camino hacia la transformacio´ n gradual 3. 3. 8. del mercado interior en un espacio social y econo´mico unificado, la movilidad transnacional y los proyectos de cooperacio´n transnacional entre empresas en materia de formacio´n adquieren cada vez ma´s importancia. El aprendizaje de idiomas en la formacio´n, la capacidad de desenvolverse fuera del propio paı´s, el conocimiento de las relaciones sociales y econo´ micas del mundo laboral constituyen, junto con las competencias técnicas, teo´ri- C 180/48 ES Diario Oficial de las Comunidades Europeas 11. 6. 98 cas y pra´cticas, elementos esenciales de los planes de estudio de la formacio´n profesional. Estos elementos deben integrarse en el aprendizaje, por lo que conviene tener debidamente en cuenta el aprendizaje en los futuros programas de formacio´n profesional de la UE. 3. 4. Dictamen sobre el objetivo de asegurar la partici- pacio´n de los interlocutores sociales 3. 4. 1. Por las razones mencionadas, debe garantizarse la inclusio´n de los entes regionales y locales en el cı´rculo de los interlocutores sociales y organismos competentes. 3. 5. Dictamen sobre el objetivo de adoptar estrategias reales del aprendizaje Se apoya el objetivo de elaborar la informacio´ n 3. 5. 1. de modo ma´s sistema´tico (incluidas las disparidades regionales en la formacio´n profesional de los jo´ venes entre 15 y 24 an˜ os), dado que es el u´nico modo de garantizar que se lleve a cabo el dia´logo social deseado. La propuesta de crear un sistema de comparacio´n de pra´cticas («benchmarking») debe examinarse con escepticismo en el momento actual, dadas las diferencias existentes en los sistemas de aprendizaje. Cabe adema´s preguntarse si el artı´culo 127 del Tratado constitutivo de la Comunidad Europea permite cubrir iniciativas de este tipo en la polı´tica nacional de formacio´n. 3. 6. Otros temas de dictamen 3. 6. 1. No se aborda el problema del valor —y consiguiente reconocimiento— del aprendizaje en rela- cio´n con otras alternativas de formacio´n. El aprendizaje debe ofrecer posibilidades adecuadas de acceso, vertical y horizontal, a otros sectores de formacio´n, ya que es el u´nico modo de garantizar su existencia en pie de igualdad dentro del segundo ciclo de la ensen˜anza secundaria y, por tanto, su futuro (pensando asimismo en las futuras generaciones, con un ı´ndice de natalidad decreciente). 3. 6. 2. Hasta ahora no se han tratado explı´citamente las diferencias regionales en la formacio´n profesional en general y en el aprendizaje en particular, ni tampoco el papel que desempen˜a la cualificacio´n para dinamizar los sectores econo´ micos regionales de diferente peso y situacio´n econo´mica. 3. 6. 3. Lo mismo ocurre en el caso de las personas desfavorecidas, para quienes el aprendizaje —si es adecuado— suele proporcionar un acceso satisfactorio a la formacio´n. Se omiten también otros temas de interés, como las cualificaciones de los formadores, el Bruselas, el 12 de marzo de 1998. fomento de la preparacio´n al mundo laboral en el primer ciclo de la ensen˜anza secundaria, la modificacio´ n de las opciones laborales (también para la mujer) y otros temas relativos a los aspectos sociales del aprendizaje. Un rasgo caracterı´stico del aprendizaje es que sus planes de estudio pueden englobar la gama total del mundo laboral, desde la tecnologı´a punta hasta las ocupaciones ma´s simples y que, por tanto, puede ofrecer todo tipo de ofertas y posibilidades de desarrollo a muchas personas en situaciones diferentes. Es preciso profundizar en la cuestio´n de los 3. 6. 4. tı´tulos y su reconocimiento mutuo a nivel europeo, ası´ como en la ensen˜anza de idiomas y de conocimientos ba´sicos sobre la economı´a y la integracio´n europeas dentro del aprendizaje. El Comité considera necesario examinar con mayor detenimiento la idea que se propone en el estudio de trasladar el principio del aprendizaje —la combinacio´n de empresa y escuela— a otros sectores de formacio´n aparte de la formacio´n profesional inicial. Con el trasfondo del debate actual sobre el 3. 6. 5. futuro de los fondos estructurales, debe examinarse su contribucio´ n al fomento del aprendizaje. A este respecto, cabrı´a utilizar el fondo regional para la infraestructura fı´sica y el fondo social para las medidas de formacio´n continua. 3. 6. 6. También debe examinarse la situacio´n del aprendizaje en los paı´ses acogidos a los programas PHARE y TACIS o en los futuros Estados miembros. 4. Conclusiones Como ya se ha dicho, el Comité considera la 4. 1. presente Comunicacio´ n como un primer paso hacia un debate europeo sobre el aprendizaje, que debe continuarse con un Libro Verde y nuevos estudios empı´ricos. Asimismo, considera que la «Propuesta de Decisio´n del Consejo relativa a la promocio´n de “itinera- rios europeos” de formacio´n en alternancia incluido el aprendizaje» so´ lo representa un primer paso para la consecucio´n de un estatuto europeo del aprendiz y acoge favorablemente las futuras propuestas encaminadas a reducir los obsta´culos a la movilidad en este a´mbito. Los miembros del Comité esta´n dispuestos a 4. 2. aportar su contribucio´ n a este debate, que consideran especialmente importante para cumplir el objetivo de un acceso libre y eficaz a la formacio´n profesional en todas las zonas de la UE y de los futuros Estados miembros. El Presidente del Comité de las Regiones Manfred DAMMEYER


title: ΚΑΝΟΝΙΣΜΟΣ (ΕΚ) αριθ. 561/98 ΤΗΣ ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗΣ της 12ης Μαρτίου 1998 για καθορισμό των κατ' αποκοπή τιμών κατά την εισαγωγή για τον καθορισμό της τιμής εισόδου ορισμένων οπωροκηπευτικών

eurovoc_concepts:
agri-monetary policy
citrus fruit
fruit vegetable
import price
perennial vegetable
pip fruit

text: L 76/4 EL Ep(cid:148)sglg Evgleq(cid:148)da tym Euqypa(cid:152)j(cid:150)m Joimot(cid:147)tym 13. 3. 98 JAMOMISLOS (EJ) aqih. 561/98 TGS EPITQOPGS tgr 12gr Laqt(cid:148)ou 1998 cia jahoqisl(cid:149) tym jat’ apojop(cid:147) til(cid:150)m jat(cid:145) tgm eisacyc(cid:147) cia tom jahoqisl(cid:149) tgr til(cid:147)r eis(cid:149)dou oqisl(cid:146)mym opyqojgpeutij(cid:150)m G EPITQOPG TYM EUQYPA(cid:136)JYM JOIMOTGTYM, (cid:130)womtar up(cid:149)xg: tg sumh(cid:147)jg cia tgm (cid:148)dqusg tgr Euqypa(cid:152)j(cid:147)r Joim(cid:149)tgtar, tom jamomisl(cid:149) (EJ) aqih. 3223/94 tgr Epitqop(cid:147)r, tgr 21gr Dejelbq(cid:148)ou 1994, swetij(cid:145) le tir keptol(cid:146)qeier evaqloc(cid:147)r tou jahest(cid:150)tor jat(cid:145) tgm eisacyc(cid:147) opyqojgpeutij(cid:150)m (1), (cid:149)pyr tqopopoi(cid:147)hgje tekeuta(cid:148)a ap(cid:149) tom jamomisl(cid:149) (EJ) aqih. 2375/96 (2), jai id(cid:148)yr to (cid:145)qhqo 4 paq(cid:145)cqavor 1, tom jamomisl(cid:149) (EOJ) aqih. 3813/92 tou Sulbouk(cid:148)ou, tgr 28gr Dejelbq(cid:148)ou 1992, swetij(cid:145) le tg kocistij(cid:147) lom(cid:145)da jai tir isotil(cid:148)er pou pq(cid:146)pei ma evaql(cid:149)fomtai sta pka(cid:148)sia tgr joim(cid:147)r ceyqcij(cid:147)r pokitij(cid:147)r (3), (cid:149)pyr tqopopoi(cid:147)hgje tekeu- ta(cid:148)a ap(cid:149) tom jamomisl(cid:149) (EJ) aqih. 150/95 (4), jai id(cid:148)yr to (cid:145)qhqo 3 paq(cid:145)cqavor 3, Ejtil(cid:150)mtar: (cid:149)ti o jamomisl(cid:149)r (EJ) aqih. 3223/94, se evaqloc(cid:147) tym apotekesl(cid:145)tym tym pokuleq(cid:150)m elpoqij(cid:150)m diapqaclate(cid:151)- seym tou C(cid:151)qou tgr Ouqoucou(cid:145)gr, pqobk(cid:146)pei ta jqit(cid:147)qia cia tom jahoqisl(cid:149) ap(cid:149) tgm Epitqop(cid:147) tym jat’ apojop(cid:147) til(cid:150)m jat(cid:145) tgm eisacyc(cid:147) ap(cid:149) tq(cid:148)ter w(cid:150)qer, cia ta pqo(cid:152)(cid:149)- mta jai tir peqi(cid:149)dour pou oq(cid:148)fomtai sto paq(cid:145)qtgl(cid:145) tou· (cid:149)ti, se evaqloc(cid:147) tym pqoamaveqh(cid:146)mtym jqitgq(cid:148)ym, oi jat’ apojop(cid:147) til(cid:146)r jat(cid:145) tgm eisacyc(cid:147) pq(cid:146)pei ma jahoqisto(cid:151)m, (cid:149)pyr amacq(cid:145)vomtai sto paq(cid:145)qtgla tou paq(cid:149)mtor jamomi- slo(cid:151), ENEDYSE TOM PAQOMTA JAMOMISLO: (cid:129)qhqo 1 Oi jat’ apojop(cid:147) til(cid:146)r jat(cid:145) tgm eisacyc(cid:147) pou amav(cid:146)qomtai sto (cid:145)qhqo 4 tou jamomislo(cid:151) (EJ) aqih. 3223/94 jahoq(cid:148)fo- mtai (cid:149)pyr amacq(cid:145)vomtai stom p(cid:148)maja pou elva(cid:148)metai sto paq(cid:145)qtgla. (cid:129)qhqo 2 O paq(cid:150)m jamomisl(cid:149)r aqw(cid:148)fei ma isw(cid:151)ei stir 13 Laqt(cid:148)ou 1998. O paq(cid:150)m jamomisl(cid:149)r e(cid:148)mai desleutij(cid:149)r yr pqor (cid:149)ka ta l(cid:146)qg tou jai isw(cid:151)ei (cid:145)lesa se j(cid:145)he jq(cid:145)tor l(cid:146)kor. Bqun(cid:146)kker, 12 Laqt(cid:148)ou 1998. Cia tgm Epitqop(cid:147) Franz FISCHLER L(cid:146)kor tgr Epitqop(cid:147)r (1) EE L 337 tgr 24. 12. 1994, s. 66. (2) EE L 325 tgr 14. 12. 1996, s. 5. (3) EE L 387 tgr 31. 12. 1992, s. 1. (4) EE L 22 tgr 31. 1. 1995, s. 1. 13. 3. 98 EL Ep(cid:148)sglg Evgleq(cid:148)da tym Euqypa(cid:152)j(cid:150)m Joimot(cid:147)tym L 76/5 PAQAQTGLA tou jamomislo(cid:151) tgr Epitqop(cid:147)r, tgr 12gr Laqt(cid:148)ou 1998, cia tom jahoqisl(cid:149) tym jat’ apojop(cid:147) til(cid:150)m jat(cid:145) tgm eisacyc(cid:147) cia tom jahoqisl(cid:149) til(cid:150)m eis(cid:149)dou oqisl(cid:146)mym opyqojgpeutij(cid:150)m Jydij(cid:149)r SO 0702 00 00 0707 00 05 0709 10 00 0709 90 70 0805 10 10, 0805 10 30, 0805 10 50 0805 30 10 (se Ecu/100 wiki(cid:149)cqalla) (se Ecu/100 wiki(cid:149)cqalla) Jydij(cid:149)r tq(cid:148)tgr w(cid:150)qar (1) Jat’ apojop(cid:147) til(cid:147) jat(cid:145) tgm eisacyc(cid:147) Jydij(cid:149)r SO Jydij(cid:149)r tq(cid:148)tgr w(cid:150)qar (1) Jat’ apojop(cid:147) til(cid:147) jat(cid:145) tgm eisacyc(cid:147) 204 212 624 999 052 999 220 999 052 204 999 052 204 212 600 624 999 052 81,7 108,9 188,3 126,3 139,4 139,4 166,6 166,6 122,2 103,0 112,6 53,0 36,5 39,2 55,3 50,8 47,0 79,4 0808 10 20, 0808 10 50, 0808 10 90 0808 20 50 600 999 052 060 388 400 404 508 512 524 528 720 999 052 388 400 512 528 999 74,9 77,2 52,0 39,9 129,2 98,0 101,8 96,3 110,6 97,0 104,2 139,0 96,8 136,1 76,5 95,1 77,2 73,9 91,8 (1) Omolatokoc(cid:148)a tym wyq(cid:150)m pou jahoq(cid:148)fetai ap(cid:149) tom jamomisl(cid:149) (EJ) aqih. 2317/97 tgr Epitqop(cid:147)r (EE L 321 tgr 22. 11. 1997, s. 19). O jydij(cid:149)r «999» amtipqosype(cid:151)ei «(cid:145)kker jatacyc(cid:146)r»


title: Kommissionens förordning (EG) nr 571/98 av den 12 mars 1998 om de anbud som meddelats för export av havre inom ramen för den anbudsinfordran som avses i förordning (EG) nr 1773/97

eurovoc_concepts:
award of contract
export refund
oats

text: 13. 3. 98 SV Europeiska gemenskapernas officiella tidning L 76/23 KOMMISSIONENS F(cid:153)RORDNING (EG) nr 571/98 av den 12 mars 1998 om de anbud som meddelats f(cid:148)r export av havre inom ramen f(cid:148)r den anbuds- infordran som avses i f(cid:148)rordning (EG) nr 1773/97 EUROPEISKA GEMENSKAPERNAS KOMMISSION HAR ANTAGIT DENNA F(cid:153)RORDNING eller Sverige till alla tredje l(cid:132)nder har inletts genom f(cid:148)rordning (EG) nr 1773/97. med beaktande av F(cid:148)rdraget om uppr(cid:132)ttandet av Euro- peiska gemenskapen, med beaktande av r(cid:134)dets f(cid:148)rordning (EEG) nr 1766/92 av den 30 juni 1992 om den gemensamma organisationen av marknaden f(cid:148)r spannm(cid:134)l (1), (cid:132)ndrad genom kommissionens f(cid:148)rordning (EG) nr 923/96 (2), senast med beaktande av kommissionens f(cid:148)rordning (EG) nr 1501/95 av den 29 juni 1995 om vissa till(cid:132)mpningsf(cid:148)re- skrifter f(cid:148)r r(cid:134)dets f(cid:148)rordning (EEG) nr 1766/92 vad avser beviljande av exportbidrag och de (cid:134)tg(cid:132)rder som skall vidtas vid st(cid:148)rningar inom spannm(cid:134)lssektorn (3), senast (cid:132)ndrad genom f(cid:148)rordning (EG) nr 2052/97 (4), s(cid:132)rskilt artikel 7 i denna, med beaktande av kommissionens f(cid:148)rordning (EG) nr 1773/97 av den 12 september 1997 om en s(cid:132)rskild inter- i Finland och Sverige (5), ventions(cid:134)tg(cid:132)rd f(cid:148)r spannm(cid:134)l senast (cid:132)ndrad genom f(cid:148)rordning (EG) nr 547/98 (6), s(cid:132)rskilt artikel 8 i denna, och med beaktande av f(cid:148)ljande: En anbudsinfordran f(cid:148)r bidrag f(cid:148)r export av havre som producerats i Finland och Sverige f(cid:148)r export fr(cid:134)n Finland I artikel 8 i f(cid:148)rordning (EG) nr 1773/97 f(cid:148)reskrivs att kommissionen p(cid:134) grundval av de meddelade anbuden och i enlighet med det f(cid:148)rfarande som f(cid:148)reskrivs i artikel 23 i f(cid:148)rordning (EEG) nr 1766/92, kan besluta att inte fullf(cid:148)lja anbudsinfordran. S(cid:132)rskilt med h(cid:132)nsyn till de kriterier som avses i artikel 1 i f(cid:148)rordning (EG) nr 1501/95 (cid:132)r det inte uppenbart att ett h(cid:148)gsta exportbidrag skall fastst(cid:132)llas. De (cid:134)tg(cid:132)rder som f(cid:148)reskrivs i denna f(cid:148)rordning (cid:132)r f(cid:148)renliga med yttrandet fr(cid:134)n F(cid:148)rvaltningskommitt(cid:130)n f(cid:148)r spannm(cid:134)l. H(cid:142)RIGENOM F(cid:153)RESKRIVS F(cid:153)LJANDE. Artikel 1 De anbud som meddelats fr(cid:134)n och med den 6 till och med den 12 mars 1998 inom ramen f(cid:148)r den anbuds- infordran f(cid:148)r exportbidrag f(cid:148)r havre som avses i f(cid:148)rord- ning (EG) nr 1773/97 skall inte fullf(cid:148)ljas. Artikel 2 Denna f(cid:148)rordning tr(cid:132)der i kraft den 13 mars 1998. Denna f(cid:148)rordning (cid:132)r till alla delar bindande och direkt till(cid:132)mplig i alla medlemsstater. Utf(cid:132)rdad i Bryssel den 12 mars 1998. P(cid:134) kommissionens v(cid:132)gnar Franz FISCHLER Ledamot av kommissionen (1) EGT L 181, 1. 7. 1992, s. 21. (2) EGT L 126, 24. 5. 1996, s. 37. (3) EGT L 147, 30. 6. 1995, s. 7. (4) EGT L 287, 21. 10. 1997, s. 14. (5) EGT L 250, 13. 9. 1997, s. 1. (6) EGT L 72, 11. 3. 1998, s. 11