title: 98/490/ΕΚ: Απόφαση της Επιτροπής της 20ής Μαΐου 1998 σχετικά με τις ενισχύσεις που χορηγούνται από τη Γαλλία στον όμιλο Crιdit Lyonnais [κοινοποιηθείσα υπό τον αριθμό Ε(1998) 1454] (Το κείμενο στη γαλλική γλώσσα είναι το μόνο αυθεντικό) (Κείμενο που παρουσιάζει ενδιαφέρον για τον ΕΟΧ)

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text: L 221/28 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 II (Pq˜aneir cia tgm isw˜u tym opo˜iym dem apaite˜itai dglos˜ieusg) EPITQOPG APOVASG TGS EPITQOPGS tgr 20 ˜gr Lai¨ou 1998 swetij ˜a le tir emisw ˜useir pou woqgco ˜umtai ap ˜o tg Cakk˜ia stom ˜oliko Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais [joimopoighe˜isa up˜o tom aqihl˜o E(1998) 1454] (To je˜ilemo stg cakkij ˜g ck ˜yssa e˜imai to l ˜omo auhemtij ˜o) (Je˜ilemo pou paqousi ˜afei emdiav ˜eqom cia tom EOW) (98/490/EJ) G EPITQOPG TYM EUQYPA˘IJYM JOIMOTGTYM, ˜Ewomtar up ˜oxg: tg sumh ˜gjg cia tgm ˜idqusg tgr Euqypaˇij ˜gr Joim ˜otgtar, jai id˜iyr ta ˜aqhqa 92 jai 93, tg sulvym˜ia cia tom Euqypaˇij ˜o Oijomolij ˜o W ˜yqo, jai id˜iyr ta ˜aqhqa 61 jai 62, avo ˜u j ˜akese tour emdiaveq ˜olemour ma upob ˜akkoum tir paqatgq ˜gseir tour (1) s ˜ulvyma le ta amyt ˜eqy ˜aqhqa, Ejtil ˜ymtar ˜oti: 1. EISACYCG G Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais (sto en ˜gr CL) e˜imai jqatij ˜or wqglatopi- stytij ˜or ˜olikor pou dqastgqiopoie˜itai stom tqapefij ˜o tol ˜ea. Ap ˜o to 1992 jai let ˜a sum ˜amtgse sobaq ˜er dusjok˜ier, oi opo˜ier od ˜gcgsam to jq ˜ator ma woqgc ˜gsei to 1994 emisw ˜u- seir le tg loqv ˜g a ˜ungsgr tou jevaka˜iou jai dgliouqc˜iar liar di ˜aqhqysgr diawyqislo ˜u cia tgm upodow ˜g aj˜imgtgr peqious˜iar ˜uxour 40 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym. To 1995 apolom ˜yhgjam jai ˜akka peqiousiaj ˜a stoiwe˜ia stg di ˜aqhqysg diawyqislo ˜u, sumokijo ˜u ˜uxour peq˜ipou 190 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym, oi fgl˜ier tym opo˜iym e˜iwam jakuvhe˜i ap ˜o tgm ecc ˜ugsg tou jq ˜atour (2). Ta l ˜etqa aut ˜a apot ˜ekesam to amtije˜ilemo tgr ap ˜ovasgr 95/547/EJ tgr Epitqop ˜gr (3) g opo˜ia, stir 26 Iouk˜iou 1995, apov ˜asise ma ecjq˜imei up ˜o ˜oqour tir em k ˜ocy jqatij ˜er emisw ˜useir, ev ˜osom to jahaq ˜o j ˜ostor cia to jq ˜ator dem upeqba˜imei ta 45 disejatoll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja. K ˜ocy tgr epide˜imysgr tgr wqglatooijomolij ˜gr jat ˜astasgr tgr CL oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er up ˜ebakam to Sept ˜elbqio 1996 sw ˜edio epeicous ˜ym emisw ˜useym ˜uxour 4 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym cia ma apoveuwho ˜um oi sobaq ˜er dusleme˜ir sum ˜epeier. Stir 25 Septelbq˜iou 1996, g Epitqop ˜g apov ˜asise ma ecjq˜imei tir epe˜icouser aut ˜er emisw ˜useir jai sucwq ˜omyr ma jim ˜gsei tg diadijas˜ia (4) se sw ˜esg le ta ˜akka pqobkep ˜olema l ˜etqa up ˜eq tgr CL pou ha epitq ˜exoum tgm enuc˜iams ˜g tgr, jai sto pka˜isio aut ˜o ma enet ˜asei to sulbib ˜asilo j ˜ahe l ˜etqou amadi ˜aqhqysgr up ˜eq tgr CL, le b ˜asg ˜oka ta stoiwe˜ia ta opo˜ia jq˜imomtai jat ˜akkgka pqor to sjop ˜o aut ˜o — sulpe- qikalbamol ˜emym eje˜imym sta opo˜ia stgq˜iwhgje g ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ jai tym upowqe ˜yseym pou epibk ˜ghgjam stg Cakk˜ia — jah ˜yr jai j ˜ahe m ˜eo pqaclatij ˜o peqistatij ˜o, sulpeqikalbamol ˜emym tgr lg t ˜gqgsgr oqisl ˜emym ˜oqym, tym m ˜eym pqoteim ˜olemym l ˜etqym jai tym sulpkgqylatij ˜ym eccu ˜gseym. Tgm ˜idia gl ˜eqa, o Ep˜itqopor Van Miert ˜esteike epistok ˜g stom upouqc ˜o Arthuis emgleq ˜ymomt ˜ar tom cia tir amap ˜oveu- jter dusjok˜ier pou pqoj ˜uptoum jat ˜a tgm en ˜etasg tou m ˜eou swed˜iou amadi ˜aqhqysgr tgr tq ˜apefar, k ˜ocy tou idia˜iteqa uxgko ˜u poso ˜u tym emisw ˜useym tir opo˜ier ˜ewei ˜gdg ecjq˜imei (1) EE C 390 tgr 24. 12. 1996, s. 7. (2) Sulpeqikalbamol ˜emym tym diawyqish ˜emtym to 1994 stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u ˜uxour 40 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym. (3) EE L 308 tgr 21. 12. 1995, s. 92. (4) EE C 390 tgr 14gr Dejelbq˜iou 1996, s. 7. G ap ˜ovasg joimopoi ˜g- hgje stir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er le epistok ˜g tgr 16gr Ojtybq˜iou 1996, aqih. SG (96) D/9029. 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/29 g Epitqop ˜g, jai ˜oti dem ˜gtam pk ˜eom dumat ˜om ma pqodij ˜asei tgm oqistij ˜g ap ˜ovasg stg sucjejqil ˜emg up ˜ohesg. Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er ap ˜gmtgsam stgm epistok ˜g joimopo˜igsgr swetij ˜a le tgm j˜imgsg tgr diadijas˜iar dum ˜alei tou ˜aqhqou 93, paq ˜acqavor 2 tgr sumh ˜gjgr, le tir aj ˜okouher basij ˜a epistok ˜er: — tgr 8gr Moelbq˜iou 1986, le tgm opo˜ia diabib ˜astgjam l˜ia am ˜akusg tou pq ˜ytou swed˜iou enuc˜iamsgr, oi emopoi- gl ˜emoi kocaqiaslo˜i tgr CL jai tou Consortium de Reali- sations (sto en ˜gr CDR) tom Io ˜umio 1996, ˜ema ˜eccqavo cia ta sust ˜glata diawe˜iqisgr jai esyteqijo ˜u ek ˜ecwou tgr CL jai ˜ema ˜eccqavo cia tgm pq ˜ang leqij ˜gr titkopo˜igsgr tou dame˜iou sto L’(cid:144)tablissement Public de Financement et de Restructuration (sto en ˜gr EPFR)· — tgr 23gr Lai¨ou 1997, le tgm opo˜ia diabib ˜astgjam, letan ˜u ˜akkym, to sw ˜edio et ˜gsiar ˜ejhesgr tgr CL cia tg wq ˜gsg 1996· 13gr Lai¨ou 1998 pou apg ˜uhume stom j. Van Miert, o j. Strauss-Kahn paqous˜iase to s ˜umoko tym desle ˜useym tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym. Stgm aniok ˜ocgsg tou swed˜iou amadi ˜aqhqysgr tgr CL, g Epitqop ˜g apov ˜asise ma stgqiwhe˜i cia tgm am ˜akus ˜g tgr stir sulbouk ˜er tgr diehmo ˜ur v ˜glgr tq ˜apefar Lehman Brothers (sto en ˜gr ha amav ˜eqetai yr g tq ˜apefa s ˜ulboukor tgr Epitqop ˜gr), g opo˜ia am ˜ekabe ma enet ˜asei to sw ˜edio amadi ˜aqhqysgr pou up ˜ebakam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, ˜osom avoq ˜a tg biysil ˜otgta tgr tq ˜apefar, jai ma pqote˜imei tir amacja˜ier jat ˜a tg cm ˜ylg tgr tqopopoi ˜gseir. Stgm tq ˜apefa aut ˜g amat ˜ehgje ep˜isgr ma aniokoc ˜gsei ta m ˜ea amtistahli- stij ˜a l ˜etqa pou pq ˜oteimam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, jah ˜yr jai ma enet ˜asei tgm am ˜acjg sulpkgqylatij ˜ym l ˜etqym. Let ˜a tgm upobok ˜g stgm Epitqop ˜g tou swed˜iou amadi ˜aqhqysgr tgr tq ˜apefar, sto t ˜ekor Iouk˜iou 1997, jai let ˜a ap ˜o l˜ia dieno- dij ˜g am ˜akusg g tq ˜apefa s ˜ulboukor tgr Epitqop ˜gr up ˜ebake tom Mo ˜elbqio 1997 tgm ˜ejhes ˜g tgr, g opo˜ia ˜ewei elpisteu- tij ˜o waqajt ˜gqa. Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er jai g Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais e˜iwam tg dumat ˜otgta ma sulboukeuho ˜um tgm ˜ejhesg aut ˜g jai dem ˜eveqam amt˜iqqgsg sta juqi ˜oteqa sulpeq ˜aslata. — tgr 31gr Iouk˜iou 1997, le tgm opo˜ia oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er up ˜ebakam sw ˜edio amadi ˜aqhqysgr tgr tq ˜apefar, ˜opyr e˜iwe fgtghe˜i ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g jat ˜a tgm j˜imgsg tgr paqo ˜usar diadijas˜iar. O Ep˜itqopor Van Liert emgl ˜eqyse pqovoqij ˜a tgm Epitqop ˜g cia tgm poqe˜ia tgr up ˜ohesgr stir sum ˜odour tgr 25gr Moel- bq˜iou 1997, 28gr Iamouaq˜iou, 25gr Vebqouaq˜iou, 18gr Laqt˜iou, 31gr Laqt˜iou jai 6gr Lai¨ou 1998. jai oijomol˜iar, O Ep˜itqopor Van Miert ap ˜esteike jai ˜akker epistok ˜er pqor tir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, juq˜iyr eje˜img tgr 25gr Ioum˜iou 1997, ejvq ˜afomtar tgm amgsuw˜ia tgr Epitqop ˜gr cia tgm jahust ˜e- qgsg upobok ˜gr tou m ˜eou swed˜iou amadi ˜aqhqysgr tgr tq ˜ape- far jai stir 16 Ojtybq˜iou 1997, dieujqim˜ifomtar tir aqw ˜er ep˜i tym opo˜iym ha basiste˜i g Epitqop ˜g cia ma k ˜abei ap ˜ovasg. Stir 31 Laqt˜iou 1998 o j. Strauss-Kahn, upouqc ˜or ehmij ˜gr biolgwam˜iar, oijomolij ˜ym ap ˜esteike epistok ˜g stom Ep˜itqopo Van Miert, emgleq ˜ymo- mt ˜ar tom cia ta m ˜ea l ˜etqa ta opo˜ia epq ˜ojeito ma k ˜abei g cakkij ˜g jub ˜eqmgsg em ˜oxei liar up ˜o ˜oqour ˜ecjqisgr tym emisw ˜useym pqor tgm Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais. Stir 2 Apqik˜iou 1998, o j. Van Miert, avo ˜u ˜ekabe tgm ˜ecjqisg tgr Epitqop ˜gr, apg ˜uhume epistok ˜g stom j. Strauss-Kahn paqousi ˜afomtar tir pqoˇupoh ˜eseir j ˜aty ap ˜o tir opo˜ier g Epitqop ˜g ha lpoqo ˜use ma heyq ˜gsei tir up ˜o en ˜etasg emisw ˜useir yr sulbib ˜asiler le to joim ˜o sulv ˜eqom. Stir 6 Apqik˜iou, yr sulpk ˜gqyla tgr em k ˜ocy epistok ˜gr, o j. Van Miert ap ˜esteike jai ˜akkg epistok ˜g stom j. Strauss-Kahn engc ˜ymtar tour k ˜ocour cia tour opo˜i- our oi desle ˜useir oi opo˜ier e˜iwam tehe˜i stgm epistok ˜g tou tekeuta˜iou tgr 31gr Laqt˜iou dem ˜gtam dumat ˜om ma heyqg- ho ˜um epaqje˜ir ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g cia tg k ˜gxg hetij ˜gr ap ˜ovasgr. Stir 24 Apqik˜iou o j. Strauss-Kahn ap ˜esteike m ˜ea epistok ˜g tom j. Van Miert epamakalb ˜amomtar tg h ˜esg tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym, upocqall˜ifomtar tgm epitajtij ˜g am ˜acjg biysil ˜otgtar tgr tq ˜apefar jai alvisbgt ˜ymtar to pos ˜o tym emisw ˜useym pou upokoc˜istgjam ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g. Stir 4 Lai¨ou 1998, o j. Strauss-Kahn ap ˜esteike m ˜ea epistok ˜g stom Ep˜itqopo Van Miert pqote˜imomtar sulpkgqylatij ˜a l ˜etqa cia tgm amtist ˜ahlisg tym stqebk ˜yseym pou ha pqojak ˜esoum oi emisw ˜useir. Se tqeir wyqist ˜er epistok ˜er tgr G Epitqop ˜g sulbouke ˜utgje, paq ˜akkgka, l˜ia aj ˜ola ol ˜ada «sov ˜ym», apoteko ˜ulemg ap ˜o pq ˜ygm uxgk ˜obahla stek ˜ewg tym jemtqij ˜ym tqapef ˜ym, cia ma sufgt ˜gsoum ta di ˜avoqa pqobk ˜glata pou ˜ewoum sw ˜esg le tg sucjejqil ˜emg up ˜ohesg, jah ˜yr jai ta h ˜elata pou sumd ˜eomtai le tir epipt ˜yseir pou ha e˜iwe emdewol ˜emyr g j ˜gqung se pt ˜yweusg liar tq ˜apefar t ˜oso sglamtijo ˜u lec ˜ehour. Oi paqatgq ˜gseir tym emdiaveqol ˜emym tq˜itym paqousi ˜afo- mtai sto tl ˜gla 5. Ta l ˜etqa pou enet ˜afomtai stgm paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg sto pka˜isio tgr a ˜ungsgr tym emisw ˜useym pou em ˜ejqime g Epitqop ˜g le tir apov ˜aseir tgr 95/547/EJ jai tgr 25gr Septelbq˜iou 1996 peqikalb ˜amoum: — tir sulpkgqylatij ˜er fgl˜ier tou Consortium de R(cid:130)alisation (CDR) pou am ˜ekabe to jq ˜ator le tom lgwamisl ˜o tou sulletowijo ˜u dame˜iou tou Etablissement Public de Finan- cement et de Restructuration (EPFR) sto CDR· — to j ˜ostor tgr wqglatod ˜otgsgr jai tym sulpkgqyla- tij ˜ym fgli ˜ym tgr EPFR, sulpeqikalbamol ˜emgr tgr «amtist ˜ahlisgr» tou dame˜iou tgr CL stgm EPFR ap ˜o to 1997 ˜eyr to 2014· — tgm ecjat ˜akeixg tgr eccqav ˜gr olokoci ˜ym wyq˜ir tojole- q˜idio b ˜asei tou epiweiqglatijo ˜u swed˜iou tou 1995 jai tgr ap ˜ovasgr 95/547/EJ, ta ˜esoda tgr opo˜iar (stgm paqo ˜usa an˜ia tour) e˜iwam avaiqehe˜i ap ˜o tir ecjqihe˜iser emisw ˜useir· L 221/30 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 — oqisl ˜ema l ˜etqa pou piham ˜om ma peqikalb ˜amoum sulpkg- idia˜iteqa lia piham ˜g qylatij ˜a stoiwe˜ia em˜iswusgr, a ˜ungsg tou jevaka˜iou. Dejelbq˜iou 1995, ˜yste sto t ˜ekor tgr wq ˜gsgr 1995 ma lgm apol ˜emei em keitouqc˜ia jal˜ia tqapefij ˜g di ˜aqhqysg sto pka˜isio tou CDR. ˜etsi 2. ISTOQIJO 2. 1 Oi emisw ˜useir stgm Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais to 1994 jai 1995 cakkijo ˜u tqapefijo ˜u sust ˜glator Let ˜a ap ˜o 5 swed ˜om ˜etg tawe˜iar am ˜aptungr, g CL elv ˜amise aqmgtij ˜a apotek ˜eslata to 1992 (1,8 disejatoll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja) jai to 1993 (6,9 disejatoll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja). Oi idia˜iteqa uxgk ˜er, se sw ˜esg le ta ˜idia jev ˜a- kaia, fgl˜ier ha e˜iwam lei ˜ysei to sumtekest ˜g veqeccu ˜otgtar tgr CL (dgkad ˜g tg sw ˜esg letan ˜u tym id˜iym jevaka˜iym jai tym pqosaqlosl ˜emym yr pqor tom j˜imdumo stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr tq ˜apefar) j ˜aty ap ˜o to ek ˜awisto ep˜ipedo tou 8 % pou pqobk ˜epetai ap ˜o tir swetij ˜er quhl˜iseir e ˜am oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er let ˜a ap ˜o pq ˜osjkgsg tgr epoptij ˜gr aqw ˜gr tou (Commission Bancaire), dem e˜iwam k ˜abei to 1994 l ˜etqa cia tgm wqglatooi- jomolij ˜g st ˜gqing tgr tq ˜apefar, juq˜iyr le tgm a ˜ungsg tou jevaka˜iou tgr jat ˜a 4,9 disejatoll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja jai tgm am ˜akgxg ap ˜o to jq ˜ator tym jimd ˜umym pou swet˜i- fomtai le lg apodotij ˜er topohet ˜gseir se aj˜imgta peqiou- siaj ˜a stoiwe˜ia, ˜uxour 42,7 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym peq˜ipou, ta opo˜ia diabib ˜astgjam se lia eidij ˜g etaiqe˜ia diawyqislo ˜u (Omnium Immobilier de Gestion, OIG). ˜otam jat ˜estg sav ˜er ˜oti g CL ha elv ˜a- Stir aqw ˜er tou 1995, mife fgl˜ier pou ha lpoqo ˜usam ma h ˜esoum se j˜imdumo tg veqeccu ˜otgt ˜a tgr, to cakkij ˜o jq ˜ator ˜ehese se evaqloc ˜g ˜ema m ˜eo sw ˜edio enuc˜iamsgr, le tg dgliouqc˜ia liar ˜akkgr eidij ˜gr di ˜aqhqysgr diawyqislo ˜u, apoteko ˜ulemgr avem ˜or ˜ema consortium diawyqislo ˜u pou pqooq˜ifetai ap ˜o to CDR, ma amak ˜abei ta episvak ˜g stoiwe˜ia tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr CL, letan ˜u tym opo˜iym jai eje˜ima pou e˜iwam ˜gdg letaveqhe˜i stgm OIG, jai avet ˜eqou ap ˜o l˜ia etaiqe˜ia holding (SPBI) epivoqtisl ˜emg le tg wqglatod ˜otgsg tgr diadijas˜iar diawyqislo ˜u jai ekecw ˜olemg ap ˜o tour juqi ˜oteqour let ˜o- wour tgr CL (Jq ˜ator, Thomson-CSF, CDC). To CDR e˜imai 100 % hucatqij ˜g, lg emopoigl ˜emg, tgr CL. G SPBI lete- tq ˜apg stg sum ˜eweia (M ˜olor tgr 28gr Moelbq˜iou 1995) se dgl ˜osio dioijgtij ˜o oqcamisl ˜o, tgm EPFR, pq ˜ang g opo˜ia tgr ep ˜etqexe ma t ˜uwei tgr apeqi ˜oqistgr ecc ˜ugsgr tou jq ˜atour cia to s ˜umoko tym jimd ˜umym jai tou j ˜ostour pou sumd ˜eomtai le tir upowqe ˜yseir oi opo˜ier letav ˜eqhgjam sto CDR, sulpeqikalbamol ˜emou tou j ˜ostour wqglatod ˜otgsgr. G wqgsilopo˜igsg tou lgwamislo ˜u auto ˜u ep ˜etqexe ma peqioqiste˜i g kocistij ˜g fgl˜ia tgr CL cia to 1994 se 12,1 disejatoll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja. S ˜ulvyma le to sw ˜edio pou joimopo˜igsam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er jai em ˜ejqime g Epitqop ˜g le tgm ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ, to ˜uxour 190 CDR enac ˜oqase stoiwe˜ia emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr CL, disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym peq˜ipou, sulpeqikal- bamol ˜emym eje˜imym pou letabib ˜astgjam pqosyqim ˜a to 1994 stgm eidij ˜g di ˜aqhqysg upodow ˜gr, sta opo˜ia amtistoi- wo ˜um stoiwe˜ia pahgtijo ˜u 55 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym. G jahaq ˜g an˜ia tym diawyqish ˜emtym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u upokoc˜istgje, stg b ˜asg aut ˜g, se 135 dise- jatoll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja, peq˜ipou. Ta em k ˜ocy stoiwe˜ia emeqcgtijo ˜u ˜epqepe ˜oka ma ejwyqgho ˜um ˜g ma qeustopoig- ho ˜um. Ap ˜o ta stoiwe˜ia aut ˜a, touk ˜awistom to 50 % pq ˜epei ma ejwyqghe˜i emt ˜or tqiet˜iar jai to 80 % emt ˜or 5et˜iar, ev ˜osom ˜Osom avoq ˜a tir to ep ˜etqepam oi sumh ˜gjer tgr acoq ˜ar. hucatqij ˜er tq ˜apefer pou letabib ˜astgjam sto CDR, eje˜imer oi opo˜ier ˜gtam ucie˜ir ˜epqepe e˜ite ma ejwyqgho ˜um se tq˜itour e˜ite ma letabibasto ˜um ej m ˜eou stgm CL, pqim ap ˜o tir 31 Cia ma enacoq ˜asei ta stoiwe˜ia tou emeqcgtijo ˜u ap ˜o tgm CL, to CDR kalb ˜amei ap ˜o tgm EPFR, «sulletowij ˜o d ˜ameio» ˜uxour 135 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym, pos ˜o to opo˜io ha lpoqo ˜use ma aunghe˜i se 145 disejatoll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja le l˜ia sulpkgqylatij ˜g d ˜osg 10 diseja- tolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym. To tekeuta˜io aut ˜o pos ˜o wqglatodote˜itai ap ˜o tgm CL l ˜esy em ˜or lg sulletowijo ˜u dame˜iou am ˜ytatou ˜uxour 145 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym. Le to d ˜ameio aut ˜o, g EPFR lp ˜oqese ma woqgc ˜g- sei to sulletowij ˜o d ˜ameio tym 135 disejatolluq˜iym cakki- j ˜ym vq ˜acjym sto CDR jai ha ˜epqepe ma ˜gtam se h ˜esg ma acoq ˜asei lajqopq ˜ohesler olokoc˜ier wyq˜ir tojoleq˜idio, poso ˜u 10 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym peq˜ipou. G acoq ˜a aut ˜g tym olokoci ˜ym ha ˜epqepe ma enasvak˜isei ˜esoda stgm EPFR ta opo˜ia e˜iwam aqwij ˜a ejtilghe˜i to 1995 se 35 disejatoll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja peq˜ipou l ˜ewqi to t ˜ekor tou 2014, jai ta opo˜ia ha tgr ep ˜etqepam ma jak ˜uxei tir fgl˜ier pou ha elv ˜amife t ˜ote to CDR. To d ˜ameio tgr CL stgm EPFR jah ˜yr jai to d ˜ameio tgr EPFR sto CDR jah˜istamtai kgnipq ˜ohesla stir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 2014. To d ˜ameio tgr CL ha enovkghe˜i stadiaj ˜a pqim ap ˜o tgm k ˜gng se sum ˜aqtgsg le tir ejwyq ˜gseir tym stoiwe˜iym emeqcgtijo ˜u l ˜ewqi tou ˜uxour tym pos ˜ym pou pq ˜ojeitai ma eispqawho ˜um, up ˜o tgm pqoˇup ˜ohesg yst ˜oso ˜oti oi apopkg- qyl ˜er tou CDR stgm EPFR e˜imai uxgk ˜oteqer ap ˜o tgm et ˜gsia epib ˜aqumsg pkgqyl ˜gr t ˜ojym cia to d ˜ameio tgr CL. To et ˜gsio epit ˜ojio e˜iwe aqwij ˜a jahoqiste˜i sto 7 % to 1995 jai sto 85 % tou epitoj˜iou tgr wqglatacoq ˜ar (TLL) ap ˜o to 1996. To sulletowij ˜o d ˜ameio pou woqgc ˜ghgje sto CDR apoteke˜i amtije˜ilemo tlglatij ˜gr ap ˜osbesgr sto t ˜ekor j ˜ahe diaweiqistij ˜gr wq ˜gsgr: g EPFR kalb ˜amei pos ˜o ˜iso le ta ˜esoda tgr ejw ˜yqgsgr pou ˜ecimam stg di ˜aqjeia tou ˜etour jai, se peq˜iptysg lei ˜yseym an˜iar, paqaite˜itai ap ˜o tg swetij ˜g apa˜itgsg (le wqgsilopo˜igsg tgr ecc ˜ugsgr) l ˜ewqi tou poso ˜u tym fgli ˜ym pou up ˜estg to CDR. Le to lgwamisl ˜o tou sulletowijo ˜u dame˜iou, oi fgl˜ier tou CDR jak ˜uptomtai ap ˜o tgm EPFR, dgkad ˜g tekij ˜a ap ˜o to jq ˜ator, l ˜ewqi am ˜ytatou poso ˜u 135 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym. Yst ˜oso, g Bouk ˜g dem ˜ehese am ˜ytato ˜oqio stgm ˜otam le to m ˜olo tgr 28gr Moelbq˜iou ecc ˜ugsg tou jq ˜atour, 1995 dglio ˜uqcgse tgm EPFR, jai jat ˜a sum ˜epeia g ecc ˜ugsg aut ˜g ˜ewei de facto apeqi ˜oqisto waqajt ˜gqa aj ˜ola jai stgm ajqa˜ia peq˜iptysg stgm opo˜ia g pq ˜ang diawyqislo ˜u ha pqojako ˜use fgl˜ier sumokijo ˜u poso ˜u uxgk ˜oteqou ap ˜o eje˜imo tou sulletowijo ˜u dame˜iou. G CL diah ˜etei sumep ˜yr tgm ecc ˜ugsg tou jq ˜atour cia tgm en ˜ovkgsg tou dame˜iou tgr pqor tgm EPFR, cecom ˜or to opo˜io epitq ˜epei to CDR ma apov ˜ucei tgm emopo˜igsg o ˜ute ap ˜o epoptij ˜g o ˜ute ap ˜o koci- stij ˜g sjopi ˜a sto pka˜isio tou ol˜ikou CL. O lgwamisl ˜or aut ˜or ep ˜etqexe stg CL ma elvam˜isei leiyl ˜emer pqobk ˜exeir jai fgl˜ier jai ma sulloqvyhe˜i le tir diat ˜aneir cia to sumtekest ˜g veqeccu ˜otgtar. Ajokouhe˜i swglatij ˜g paqou- s˜iasg tym juqi ˜oteqym stoiwe˜iym tgr up ˜ohesgr. Se amt ˜akkacla, g EPFR epyveke˜itai ap ˜o to pqoˇi ˜om lar q ˜gtqar epam ˜odou tgr CL se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg. L ˜esy tgr q ˜gtqar aut ˜gr kalb ˜amei eisvoq ˜a 34 % tou jahaqo ˜u emopoig- l ˜emou apotek ˜eslator tgr CL, leq˜idio tou ol˜ikou (pqo sumu- pokocislo ˜u tgr eisvoq ˜ar aut ˜gr jai tgr jq ˜atgsgr cia cemi- jo ˜ur tqapefijo ˜ur jimd ˜umour jai pqim ap ˜o tom cakkij ˜o v ˜oqo ep˜i tym etaiqei ˜ym) pqosaungl ˜emg jat ˜a to 26 % tou tl ˜gla- tor tou em k ˜ocy apotek ˜eslator to opo˜io upeqba˜imei to 4 % tym emopoigl ˜emym id˜iym jevaka˜iym, leqid˜iou tou ol˜ikou. 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/31 OQCAMOCQALLA TGS DIAQHQYSGS DIAWYQISLOU A ˜ungsg jevaka˜iou JQATOS Pist ˜yseir ap ˜o tom pqoˇupokocisl ˜o s CR(cid:144)DIT LYONNAIS D ˜ameio 135 disejatolluq˜iym FRF Sulpkgqylatij ˜o pos ˜o 10 disejatolluq˜iym FRF cia olokoc˜ier wyq˜ir tojoleq˜idio Hucatqij ˜g 100 % Letab˜ibasg peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym jahaq ˜gr an˜iar 135 FRF s EPFR r s q D ˜ameio 145 diseja- tolluq˜ia Fgl˜ier q Di ˜aqhqysg CDR upodow ˜gr DIAWYQISLOS To sw ˜edio amadi ˜aqhqysgr tgr CL pou upobk ˜ghgje stgm Epitqop ˜g to 1995 avoqo ˜use aqjet ˜a l ˜etqa epamapqosdioqi- slo ˜u tym stqatgcij ˜ym, ejw ˜yqgsgr hucatqij ˜ym, le˜iysgr tou j ˜ostour jai ek ˜ecwou tym jimd ˜umym. Ta l ˜etqa aut ˜a ha ep ˜etqepam stgm CL ma elvam˜isei hetij ˜a apotek ˜eslata ap ˜o to 1995. Sto t ˜ekor tou 1999, g CL ha elv ˜amife ap ˜odosg id˜iym jevaka˜iym 12,4 %. G sulletow ˜g tgr CL sto j ˜ostor tgr di ˜aqhqysgr diawyqislo ˜u b ˜asei tgr q ˜gtqar ˜epqepe ma am ˜eqwetai sumokij ˜a se 6. 136 ejatoll ˜uqia FF (omolastij ˜g an˜ia) cia tgm peq˜iodo 1995-1999. 2. 2 G ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ Le tgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr 95/547/EJ g Epitqop ˜g em ˜ejqime up ˜o ˜oqour tir emisw ˜useir pou woq ˜gcgse to cakkij ˜o jq ˜ator stgm CL to 1994 jai to 1995 heyq ˜ymtar ˜oti sulbib ˜afomtai le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a b ˜asei tou ˜aqhqou 92, paq ˜acqavor 3, stoi- we˜io c) tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ jai id˜iyr le tir joimotij ˜er jateu- humt ˜gqier cqall ˜er cia tir jqatij ˜er emisw ˜useir cia tg di ˜asysg jai amadi ˜aqhqysg tym pqobkglatij ˜ym epiweiq ˜g- seym (5). To je˜ilemo tgr ap ˜ovasgr, g opo˜ia apeuh ˜umetai stg Cakk˜ia, ˜ewei yr en ˜gr: (5) EE C 368 tgr 23. 12. 1994, s. 12. «˜Aqhqo 1 Gem˜iswusgpoupeqi˜ewetaistopq˜ocqallaenuc˜iamsgrtgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais up˜oloqv˜ga˜ungsgrtoujevaka˜ioujat˜a4,9 disejatoll˜uqiacakkij˜avq˜acja,am˜akgxgrtymjimd˜umym jai tou j˜ostour pou sumd˜eomtai le ta peqiousiaj˜a stoi- we˜iapouletabib˜astgjamstovoq˜eadiawyqislo˜u(l˜ewqito am˜ytato ˜oqio tym 135 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij˜ym vq˜acjym) jai voqokocij˜ym pkeomejtgl˜atym po˜u apoq- q˜eoum ap˜o tg q˜gtqa epam˜odou se uci˜g jat˜astasg, ecwe˜i- qgla tou opo˜iou to sumokij˜o jahaq˜o j˜ostor cia to jq˜ator, kalbamol˜emym up˜oxg tym es˜odym tou jq˜atour, upokoc˜ifetai se 45 disejatoll˜uqia cakkij˜a vq˜acja jat’ am˜ytato ˜oqio,jgq˜ussetaisulbib˜asilgletgmjoim˜gacoq˜a jailetgsulvym˜iaciatomEOW,dum˜aleitom ˜aqhqou92 paq˜acqavor3stoiwe˜ioc)tgrsumh˜gjgrEJjaitou ˜aqhqou 61paq˜acqavor3stoiwe˜ioc)tgrsulvym˜iarciatomEOW. ˜Aqhqo 2 G ˜ecjqisgtymemisw˜useympouamav˜eqomtaisto ˜aqhqo1 enaqt˜atai ap˜o tgm t˜gqgsg ej l˜eqour tgr Cakk˜iar tym aj˜okouhym ˜oqym jai upowqe˜yseym: a) ha enasvakiste˜i g evaqloc˜g ˜okym tym l˜etqym enuc˜iamsgr jai ˜okym tym l˜etqym pou pqobk˜epei to s˜ustgla pou peqicq˜avetai sto ˜aqhqo 1· L 221/32 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 b) dem ha tqopopoigho˜um oi ˜oqoi pou peqikalb˜amei to pq˜ocqallaenuc˜iamsgrwyq˜irsuma˜imesgtgrEpitqop˜gr. Se j˜ahe peq˜iptysg, g q˜gtqa epam˜odou se uci˜g jat˜a- stasglpoqe˜imaejwyqghe˜itomyq˜iteqojat˜atgmidiy- tijopo˜igsg tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais, jai l˜omom stgm til˜g tgr acoq˜ar, g til˜g aut˜g pq˜epei ma epakgheute˜i ap˜o amen˜aqtgtour elpeiqocm˜ylomer· c) ha enasvakiste˜i g le˜iysg tom elpoqijo˜u dumalijo˜u tgrCr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais, enait˜iartou ˜uxourtouj˜ostourtou sust˜glatorciatojq˜atorpousumokij˜aupokoc˜ifetai se 45 disejatolluq˜ia cakkij˜a vq˜acja, le le˜iysg touk˜awistom jat˜a 35% tgr elpoqij˜gr tgr paqous˜iar stoenyteqij˜o,sulpeqikalbamol˜emoutoueuqypaˇijo˜u tqapefijo˜udijt˜uou,l˜ewqitat˜ekgtou1998s˜ulvyma letirdesle˜useirpouam˜ekabegCakk˜iastgmepistok˜g tgr 18gr Iouk˜iou 1995. E˜am o st˜owor aut˜or dem e˜imai dumat˜ommaepiteuwhe˜iemt˜ortgroqishe˜isarpqohesl˜iar wyq˜irmapqojkgho˜umsglamtij˜erfgl˜ierjaiwyq˜irma amacjashe˜ioemk˜ocyl˜etowormapqosv˜eqeiejm˜eou oijomolij˜gupost˜gqing,id˜iyrpqojeil˜emoumadiatgqg- he˜i o euqypaˇij˜or sumtekest˜gr veqeccu˜otgtar, g Epitqop˜g amakalb˜amei tg d˜esleusg ma enet˜asei to emdew˜olemo paq˜atasgr tgr em k˜ocy pqohesl˜iar, am˜akocaletirpeqist˜aseir. Amtoj˜ostortousust˜g- lator, pou ejtil˜atai se 45 disejatolluq˜ia cakkij˜a vq˜acja,upeqbe˜ito ˜oqioaut˜o,hapq˜epeimaepameneta- ste˜igsglas˜iatgrle˜iysgrtgrelpoqij˜grpaqous˜iar tgrCr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais, ˜opyramacmyq˜ifetaistgmamyt˜eqy amaveq˜olemg epistok˜g· d) ha jataqcghe˜i g dumat˜otgta tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais ma yveke˜itai ap˜o tg letavoq˜a tym voqokocij˜ym tgr ekkeill˜atymciatopos˜otgrvoqokocij˜grtgrfgl˜iar to1994gopo˜iajak˜uvhgjelea˜ungsgtoujevaka˜iou tgr jat˜a 4,9 disejatoll˜uqia cakkij˜a vq˜acja· e) ha jataqcghe˜i g dumat˜otgta tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais ma acoq˜asei ej m˜eou oqisl˜ema ap˜o ta diawyqish˜emta biolgwamij˜a jai elpoqij˜a peqiousiaj˜a stoiwe˜ia tgr se ˜akkgtil˜gejt˜orap˜oeje˜imgstgmopo˜iae˜iwamleta- bibaste˜i sto CDR, jai se j˜ahe peq˜iptysg emt˜or tou am˜ytatou sumokijo˜u oq˜iou tym 5 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij˜ym vq˜acjym· st) haapojkeiste˜ij˜ahesulletow˜gtgrCr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais sto pqoˇi˜om tym pq˜aneym tou CDR· f) ha epiteuwhe˜i o diawyqisl˜or letan˜u CDR jai Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais ˜osomavoq˜atadieuhumtij˜atourstek˜ewg,tg diawe˜iqis˜g tour, jah˜yr jai to s˜ustgla ek˜ecwou jai epopte˜iartgrdiawe˜iqisgrtymdiawyqish˜emtympeqiou- siaj˜ym stoiwe˜iym· g) haenasvakiste˜igamenaqtgs˜iatymepitqop˜ymdiawe˜i- qisgr tym diawyqish˜emtym peqiousiaj˜ym stoiwe˜iym ˜emamti tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais· h) ha ejke˜ixei j˜ahe dumat˜otgta cia tgm Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais maletav˜eqeitaupokeip˜olemavoqokocij˜aekke˜illata tymwq˜gseympqimap˜oto1995sepeq˜iptysgpoujat˜a tgm idiytijopo˜igsg ejwyqghe˜i g q˜gtqa epam˜odou se uci˜g jat˜astasg· i) haenasvakiste˜i ˜otigCr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais hadiah˜eseito pqoˇi˜omtgrejw˜yqgsgrpeqiousiaj˜ymstoiwe˜iymciatgm amadi˜aqhqysg lg apodotij˜ym stoiwe˜iym emeqcgtijo˜u jai dqastgqiot˜gtym· ia) ha up˜aqnei l˜eqilma ˜yste g Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais ma jata- b˜akei stgm SPBI ta pos˜a tgr eisvoq˜ar dum˜alei tgr q˜gtqar epam˜odou se uci˜g jat˜astasg· ib) hapeqi˜ekheistgmSPBI topqoˇi˜omtgridiytijopo˜igsgr tgrCr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais, id˜iyrap˜otgmp˜ykgsgtymletow˜ym pous˜gleqajat˜eweigSPBI jaihapqotahe˜istoehmij˜o joimobo˜ukio ma peqi˜ekhei stgm SPBI to pqoˇi˜om tgr idiytijopo˜igsgr tou upoko˜ipou tym letow˜ym. ˜Aqhqo 3 GEpitqop˜g˜ekabeup˜oxgtgrtgdiabeba˜iysgtymcakkij˜ym aqw˜ym ˜oti g Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais ha idiytijopoighe˜i jai ˜oti g amalem˜olemg enuc˜iamsg pq˜epei ma epitq˜exei tgm idiytijo- po˜igsg aut˜g emt˜or liar pemtaet˜iar. Yr ej to˜utou, g amabok˜gtgridiytijopo˜igsgrp˜eqamtgrpemtaet˜iarpq˜epei ma joimopoighe˜i stgm Epitqop˜g. ˜Aqhqo 4 Oicakkij˜eraqw˜ersumeqc˜afomtaipk˜gqyrstom ˜ekecwotgr paqo˜usar ap˜ovasgr jai upob˜akkoum stgm Epitqop˜g am˜a en˜algmo, aqw˜gr cemol˜emgr tgm 1g Laqt˜iou 1995, ta aj˜oko˜uha ˜eccqava: a) amakutij˜g ˜ejhesg ep˜i tgr evaqloc˜gr tou pqocq˜al- lator, jah˜yr jai tir ejh˜eseir po˜u upob˜akkomtai sto Joimobo˜ukio· b) tourisokocislo˜urjaitourkocaqiaslo˜urapotekesl˜a- tym laf˜i le tir ejh˜eseir tym diaweiqist˜ym tym etai- qei˜ympousullet˜ewoumstgmepiwe˜iqgsgdiawyqislo˜u, dgkad˜g OIG, CDR, SPBI jai CL· c) jat˜akoco tym diawyqish˜emtym peqiousiaj˜ym stoi- we˜iym po˜u t˜ehgjam up˜o ejjah˜aqisg ˜g pyk˜ghgjam, le ˜emdeingtgrtil˜grp˜ykgsgr,tymomol˜atymtymacoqa- st˜ym jai tym epymuli˜ym tym tqapef˜ym stir opo˜ier d˜ohgje g emtok˜g p˜ykgsgr· 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/33 d) amakutij˜o jat˜akoco tym pist˜yseym ap˜o tir opo˜ier paqaite˜itai to CDR se sw ˜esg le to sulletowij ˜o d ˜ameio po ˜u woq ˜gcgse g SPBI· e) amakutij ˜o jat ˜akoco tym tqapefij ˜ym peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym pou g CL p˜ykgse ejt˜or to voq˜ea diawyqi- slo˜u, le ejt˜ilgsg tgr le˜iysgr tgr elpoqij˜gr tgr paqous˜iar stgm akkodap˜g b˜asei amtijeilemij˜ym jai epakghe˜usilym jqitgq˜iym· st) amakutijo˜urkocaqiaslo˜urciatireisvoq˜ertgrCL sto voq˜eadiawyqislo˜uup˜oloqv˜gpaqajq˜atgsgr ˜gleqi- sl˜atym. G Epitqop˜g d˜umatai ma fgt˜gsei tgm aniok˜ocgsg tym em k˜ocyeccq˜avymjaitgrevaqloc˜grtoupqocq˜allatorletg dienacyc˜g eidij˜ym “ek˜ecwym”. ˜Aqhqo 5 G paqo˜usa ap˜ovasg apeuh˜umetai stg Cakkij˜g Dglo- jqat˜ia. » Epipk ˜eom tou lgwamislo ˜u auto ˜u, pq ˜epei ma sgleiyhe˜i ˜oti stgm amyt ˜eqy amaveq ˜olemg epistok ˜g tgr 18gr Iouk˜iou 1995, g Cakk˜ia am ˜ekabe ma upowqe ˜ysei tgm CL ma lei ˜ysei tgm elpoqij ˜g tgr paqous˜ia stgm Euq ˜ypg ejt ˜or Cakk˜iar jat ˜a 50 % ˜eyr ta t ˜ekg tou 1998, le tour ˜idiour ˜oqour pou pqobk ˜epomtai sto ˜aqhqo 2 stoiwe˜io c) amyt ˜eqy. 2. 3 Oi epe˜icouser emisw ˜useir Sto t ˜ekor Septelbq˜iou 1996, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er joimopo˜ig- sam stgm Epitqop ˜g sw ˜edio epeicous ˜ym emisw ˜useym up ˜eq tgr CL, poso ˜u peq˜ipou 4 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym. Cia tgm apovuc ˜g sglamtij ˜ym fgli ˜ym tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais jai upob ˜ahlisgr tgr veqeccu ˜otgt ˜ar tgr, cecom ˜or pou ha lpoqo ˜use ma ˜ewei aqmgtij ˜er epipt ˜yseir cia ˜akka wqglato- pistytij ˜a idq ˜ulata, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er d ˜gkysam ˜oti ˜gtam amacja˜ia ta sulpkgqylatij ˜a aut ˜a l ˜etqa em˜iswusgr. Pq ˜ojeitai juq˜iyr cia: — epe˜icouser emisw ˜useir le sjop ˜o tg diat ˜gqgsg tgr qeust ˜otgtar jai tgr veqeccu ˜otgtar tgr tq ˜apefar cia tgm peq˜iodo 1995 jai 1996· — emisw ˜useir cia amadi ˜aqhqysg, pou pqooq˜ifomtam ma stgq˜inoum tg wqglatooijomolij ˜g am ˜ajalxg tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais let ˜a to 1996 jai oi opo˜ier dem ha teho ˜um se evaqloc ˜g pqim ap ˜o tgm oqistij ˜g k ˜gxg ap ˜ovasgr ej l ˜eqour tgr Epitqop ˜gr. Ta swediaf ˜olema l ˜etqa avoqo ˜usam tgm tqopopo˜igsg tym ˜oqym pou sumode ˜uoum to d ˜ameio tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais pqor tgm EPFR, jat ˜a tq ˜opo pou ma «amtistahl˜ifetai g ep˜iptysg ap ˜o pqogco ˜ulemer upowqe ˜yseir stour kocaqiaslo ˜ur tgr CL». Stgm pqaclatij ˜otgta, k ˜ocy tym kic ˜oteqo eumoˇij ˜ym se sw ˜esg le tir pqobk ˜exeir apotekesl ˜atym ap ˜o ˜akker dqastg- qi ˜otgter, oi ˜oqoi enupgq ˜etgsgr tou dame˜iou epib ˜aqumam tgm Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais, s ˜ulvyma le tir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, le ˜ema jahaq ˜o pos ˜o 3 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym to 1996, 2,7 disejatoll ˜uqia to 1997 jai 2,5 disejatoll ˜uqia to 1998, pou upokoc˜ifomtai kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg tg diavoq ˜a letan ˜u tou epitoj˜iou tou dame˜iou pqor tgm EPFR (85 % tou TLL) jai tou stahlisl ˜emou l ˜esy epitoj˜iou tgr amawqg- latod ˜otgsgr tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais se sw ˜esg le tir upowqe ˜y- seir cia tir opo˜ier d ˜ohgje to d ˜ameio aut ˜o. Aqwij ˜a jai stir 25 Septelbq˜iou 1996, ta l ˜etqa aut ˜a epq ˜o- jeito ma evaqlosto ˜um se sw ˜esg le ta ˜etg 1995 (amadqo- lij ˜a, le emsyl ˜atysg ejt ˜ajtym es ˜odym to 1996) jai 1996. Stg sum ˜eweia, jai le tgm epiv ˜ukang tgr oqistij ˜gr ap ˜ovasgr tgr Epitqop ˜gr, ha lpoqo ˜usam ma eisawho ˜um emde- wol ˜emyr cia ˜okg tg di ˜aqjeia tou dame˜iou tgr CL pqor tgm EPFR, le tg loqv ˜g em˜iswusgr cia amadi ˜aqhqysg. ˜Etsi, pqobkep ˜otam Oi pqoteim ˜olemer letabok ˜er aposjopo ˜usam ma amtistahl˜i- soum pk ˜gqyr to j ˜ostor le to opo˜io baq ˜umetai g CL cia to ˜oti to epit ˜ojio tou d ˜ameio aut ˜o. dame˜iou ha ˜gtam t ˜etoio ˜yste ma jak ˜uptei to j ˜ostor ˜amtkg- sgr ap ˜o tgm CL tym p ˜oqym cia tg wqglatod ˜otgsg tou dame˜iou. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er apov ˜asisam ma aun ˜gsoum to epit ˜ojio ap ˜o 7 % se 7,45 % to 1995 jai ap ˜o 85 % tou TLL se 5,84 % to 1996. Eidij ˜oteqa cia to 1996, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er dem peqioq˜ifomtam stgm jat ˜aqcgsg tgr epid ˜otgsgr 15 % tou aqwijo ˜u epitoj˜iou pou ha enasv ˜akife stgm CL l˜ia ap ˜odosg ˜isg le to TLL, akk ˜a swed˜iafam ep˜isgr ma aun ˜gsoum to epit ˜ojio tou dame˜iou p ˜eqam tou TLL jat ˜a ˜ema posost ˜o pou ha amtist ˜ahlife to uxgk ˜o- teqo j ˜ostor amawqglatod ˜otgsgr tgr CL k ˜ocy tym lajqo- pq ˜oheslym upowqe ˜yse ˜ym tgr. G a ˜ungsg aut ˜g se sw ˜esg le to TLL ˜gtam tgr t ˜angr tou 2 %. Oi letabok ˜er aut ˜er cia to ˜ovekor 1995 jai to 1996 ha e˜iwam apot ˜ekesla ma up ˜aqnei cia tgm CL tgr t ˜angr tym 3 560 ejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym, pou ha ˜gtam aqjet ˜o cia tgm apovuc ˜g j ˜ahe pqobk ˜glator qeust ˜otgtar jai aniopist˜iar cia tgm tq ˜apefa to 1996. ˜Opyr paqad ˜ewhgjam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, ˜ema l ˜eqor tou swed˜iou pou em ˜ejqime g Epitqop ˜g to 1995 dem evaql ˜oshgje pot ˜e. Pq ˜ojeitai juq˜iyr cia to tl ˜gla tym 10 disejatollu- q˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym tou dame˜iou tym 145 disejatollu- q˜iym vq ˜acjym tgr CL pqor tgm EPFR, pou ha ep ˜etqepe stgm tekeuta˜ia ma eccq ˜axei lajqopq ˜ohesler olokoc˜ier wyq˜ir tojoleq˜idio pou ha tgr ap ˜eveqam ˜esoda omolastij ˜gr an˜iar 35 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym to 2014, ˜g 7,8 disejatoll ˜u- qia vq ˜acja se paqo ˜usa an˜ia. Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er swed˜iafam sumep ˜yr ma jataqc ˜gsoum to l ˜eqor aut ˜o tou swed˜iou. ˜Opyr jai cia ta ˜akka l ˜etqa pou peqicq ˜avomtai amyt ˜eqy, g leta- bok ˜g aut ˜g evaql ˜ostgje aqwij ˜a stir 25 Septelbq˜iou 1996 jai cia to ˜etor 1996, le tg loqv ˜g amastok ˜gr tgr pq ˜angr. Stg sum ˜eweia, jai le b ˜asg tgm oqistij ˜g ap ˜ovasg tgr Epitqop ˜gr, g akkac ˜g aut ˜g ha pqoteim ˜otam ap ˜o tir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er cia ta ep ˜olema wq ˜omia le tg loqv ˜g em˜iswusgr cia amadi ˜aqhqysg. L 221/34 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 G evaqloc ˜g tgr pq ˜angr eccqav ˜gr olokoci ˜ym wyq˜ir tojole- q˜idio ha e˜iwe yr apot ˜ekesla tgm peqait ˜eqy epide˜imysg tym fgli ˜ym tgr CL pou amav ˜eqhgjam amyt ˜eqy, epib ˜akkomt ˜ar tgr lia et ˜gsia epib ˜aqumsg wqglatod ˜otgsgr sulpkgqyla- tij ˜ym ejjqel ˜ym dame˜iym 10 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym, le epit ˜ojio to opo˜io dem j ˜akupte to j ˜ostor amawqglatod ˜otgsgr. Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er epibeba˜iysam ep˜isgr, jat ˜a tgm upobok ˜g tgr a˜itgs ˜gr tour cia tir epe˜icouser emisw ˜useir, ˜oti oi em k ˜ocy emisw ˜useir dem ˜gtam aqjet ˜er cia ma upostgq˜inoum tgm oqistij ˜g am ˜ajalxg tgr CL, dedol ˜emou ˜oti to m ˜eo joimymij ˜o pq ˜ocqalla jah ˜yr jai g ecjat ˜akeixg tym kiamij ˜ym tqape- fij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym ejt ˜or tgr Cakk˜iar, pou pqobk ˜epetai sta upobkgh ˜emta l ˜etqa, peqiek ˜albamam sglamtij ˜er pqobk ˜exeir jai jevakaiouwij ˜er fgl˜ier se aqjet ˜er lg apodotij ˜er ˜g amepaqj ˜yr apodotij ˜er hucatqij ˜er (le˜iysg an˜iar peq˜ipou 6,5 disejatoll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja). Cia to k ˜oco aut ˜o, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er swed˜iafam ma pqobo ˜um se eisvoq ˜a jeva- ka˜iou, jat ˜a p ˜asa piham ˜otgta sto jke˜isilo tym kocaqia- sl ˜ym tou 1996, «poso ˜u pou ha upeqba˜imei tir em k ˜ocy lei ˜y- seir an˜iar». G Epitqop ˜g e˜iwe upokoc˜isei to 1996 to piham ˜o pos ˜o tgr em k ˜ocy sulpkgqylatij ˜gr pq ˜angr se 8-10 diseja- toll ˜uqia vq ˜acja. Stir 26 Septelbq˜iou 1996, g Epitqop ˜g apov ˜asise ma ecjq˜i- mei tir epe˜icouser emisw ˜useir jai ma jim ˜gsei tg diadijas˜ia jat ˜a tym l ˜etqym aut ˜ym up ˜eq tgr CL. Amajo˜imyse ˜oti, sto pka˜isio tgr diadijas˜iar aut ˜gr, ha en ˜etafe to sulbib ˜asilo ˜okym tym l ˜etqym amadi ˜aqhqysgr up ˜eq tgr CL, b ˜asei ˜okym tym sumav ˜ym stoiwe˜iym — sulpeqikalbamol ˜emym eje˜imym sta opo˜ia stgq˜iwhgje g ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ jai tym upowqe ˜yseym tir opo˜ier ep ˜ebake g ap ˜ovasg aut ˜g stg Cakk˜ia, jah ˜yr jai b ˜asei j ˜ahe ˜akkou m ˜eou dedol ˜emou — sulpeqikalbamol ˜emgr tgr lg t ˜gqgsgr oqisl ˜emym pqoˇupoh ˜e- seym jai tym pqoteim ˜olemym m ˜eym l ˜etqym jai sulpkgqyla- tij ˜ym amtipaqow ˜ym. Sglei ˜ymetai ep˜isgr ˜oti g ˜ecjqisg tym epeicous ˜ym emisw ˜u- seym cia to 1995 jai 1996 dem pqod˜ijafam jat ˜a jam ˜ema tq ˜opo tgm paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg, le apot ˜ekesla oi upowqe ˜y- seir tgr Cakk˜iar jai tgr CL swetij ˜a le tgm eccqav ˜g oloko- ci ˜ym wyq˜ir tojoleq˜idio jai tg wqglatod ˜otgsg tou dame˜iou pqor tgm EPFR, ˜opyr oq˜istgjam stgm ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ, ma paqale˜imoum alet ˜abkgter ap ˜o 1gr Iamouaq˜iou 1997. 2. 4 Pka˜isio en ˜etasgr tym sulpkgqylatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym amadi ˜aqhqysgr up ˜eq tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais Stgm en ˜etasg tym sulpkgqylatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym up ˜eq tgr CL, g Epitqop ˜g kalb ˜amei up ˜oxg tgr to cecom ˜or ˜oti ˜ewei ˜gdg ecjq˜imei tir emisw ˜useir pou woqgc ˜ghgjam ap ˜o tg Cakk˜ia pqor tg CL to 1994 jai to 1995, heyq ˜ymtar ˜oti sulbib ˜afom- tai le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a b ˜asei tou ˜aqhqou 92, paq ˜acqavor 3, stoiwe˜io c) tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ, jai juq˜iyr le tir joimoti- ˜osom avoq ˜a tir jqatij ˜er j ˜er jateuhumt ˜gqier cqall ˜er emisw ˜useir cia tg di ˜asysg jai tgm amadi ˜aqhqysg tym pqobkglatij ˜ym epiweiq ˜gseym (6). ˜Opyr amav˜eqetai stir jateuhumt˜gqier aut˜er cqal˜er, «oi emisw˜useiramadi˜aqhqysgrpqojako˜umidia˜iteqeramgsuw˜ier ˜osomavoq˜atomamtacymisl˜o,dedol˜emou ˜otiemd˜ewetaima letatop˜isoumad˜ijyrtob˜aqortgrdiaqhqytij˜grpqosaqlo- c˜grjaitymjoimymij˜ymjaibiolgwamij˜ympqobkgl˜atymse ˜akkour paqacyco˜ur oi opo˜ioi dem kalb˜amoum em˜iswusg jah˜yr jai se ˜akka jq˜atg l˜ekg. Cia to k˜oco aut˜o, oi emisw˜useir amadi˜aqhqysgr jat˜a cemij˜o jam˜oma epitq˜epo- mtail˜omosepeqipt˜yseirstiropo˜ierlpoqe˜imaapodeiwhe˜i ˜otig ˜ecjqisgtgrem˜iswusgramadi˜aqhqysgre˜imaipqorto joimotij˜o sulv˜eqom». Jat˜a sum˜epeia, «oi emisw˜useir amadi˜aqhqysgr pq˜epei, up˜o jamomij˜er sumh˜gjer, ma woqg- co˜umtai l˜omo l˜ia voq˜a». G Epitqop ˜g diapist ˜ymei ˜oti sto sglamtij ˜o pos ˜o tym emisw ˜useym pou ecjq˜ihgjam to 1995 pqost˜ihemtai t ˜yqa emisw ˜useir upeqbokijo ˜u lec ˜ehour. Stgm ap ˜ovasg ˜emaqngr tgr diadijas˜iar to Sept ˜elbqio 1996, g Epitqop ˜g e˜iwe paqa- tgq ˜gsei ˜oti ap ˜o ta amyt ˜eqy stoiwe˜ia pqoj ˜uptei amap ˜oveu- jta to sulp ˜eqasla ˜oti oi m ˜eer emisw ˜useir dem lpoqo ˜um ma heyqgho ˜um ˜oti sulbib ˜afomtai le tour jam ˜omer peq˜i jqati- j ˜ym tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ paq ˜a l ˜omo am sumode ˜uomtai ap ˜o sobaq ˜er jai sglamtij ˜er amtipaqow ˜er. Oi amtipaqow ˜er aut ˜er ha pq ˜epei ma emtop˜ifomtai t ˜oso stg Cakk˜ia ˜oso jai sto enyteqij ˜o, stom tol ˜ea tym kiamij ˜ym tqapefij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym akk ˜a jai stour up ˜okoipour tole˜ir dqastgqiot ˜gtym tgr CL. H Epitqop ˜g ha aniokoc ˜gsei e ˜am oi sulpkgqylatij ˜er emisw ˜useir sulbib ˜afomtai le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a kalb ˜amomtar ep˜isgr up ˜oxg to lecak ˜uteqo ˜uxor tour se sw ˜esg le to pos ˜o pou e˜iwe ecjqihe˜i to 1995. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, g Epitqop ˜g pq ˜epei ma enasvak˜isei ˜oti oi emisw ˜useir aut ˜er dem pq ˜ojeitai ma jgquwho ˜um sulbib ˜asiler, e ˜am jgquwho ˜um, wyq˜ir idia˜i- teqa sglamtij ˜g sumeisvoq ˜a ej l ˜eqour tgr CL, pou ma kalb ˜amei up ˜oxg to pka˜isio sto opo˜io oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er joimopo˜igsam stgm Epitqop ˜g ta em k ˜ocy l ˜etqa em˜iswusgr, tgm ˜ejtasg tym sulpkgqylatij ˜ym l ˜etqym se sw ˜esg le to pos ˜o tym 45 disejatolluq˜iym pou e˜iwe ecjqihe˜i le tgm ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ, jai tom epamakalbam ˜olemo waqa- jt ˜gqa tym emisw ˜useym aut ˜ym. Ha pq ˜epei eidij ˜oteqa ma vqomt˜isei ˜yste g CL ma paq ˜aswei am ˜akocer amtipaqow ˜er le tom enaiqetij ˜o waqajt ˜gqa jai tgm ˜ejtasg tym emisw ˜useym pou tgr woqgc ˜ghgjam. Oi amtipaqow ˜er aut ˜er dem pq ˜epei ma peqioq˜ifomtai se dqastgqi ˜otgter oi opo˜ier dem upeis ˜eqwo- mtai pk ˜eom sto ped˜io tym stqatgcij ˜ym pqoteqaiot ˜gtym tgr tq ˜apefar, akk ˜a pq ˜epei ep˜isgr ma avoqo ˜um jai tqapefij ˜er dqastgqi ˜otgter, g ejw ˜yqgsg tym opo˜iym lpoqe˜i ma amti- stahl˜isei tir fgl˜ier pou ha pqojak ˜esoum oi emisw ˜useir stour amtacymist ˜er, jah ˜yr jai otid ˜gpote dem jq˜imetai apok ˜utyr amacja˜io cia tg biysil ˜otgta tym basij ˜ym dqastgqiot ˜gtym tgr CL. (6) Bk ˜epe uposgle˜iysg 5. 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/35 3. PEQICQAVG TGS CR(cid:144)DIT LYONNAIS JAI TYM PQOSVATYM EPIDOSEYM TGS P˜imajar 1 Oqc ˜amysg tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym tgr CL sto t ˜ekor 1996 Dqastgqi ˜otgter Cakk˜ia Euq ˜ypg Up ˜okoipor j ˜oslor cia epiweiq ˜gseir: Tq ˜apefer 564 upojatast ˜glata ej tym opo˜iym ta 265 stgm aleqijamij ˜g ˜gpeiqo, 39 stgm As˜ia, 224 stgm Avqij ˜g jai 36 stir UWE Elpoqij ˜g Tq ˜apefa le Tqapefij ˜er eqcas˜ier le idi ˜yter: 1954 upojatast ˜glata Eqcas˜ier epacceklatijo ˜ur voqe˜ir: 210 epiweiqglatij ˜a j ˜emtqa 143 epiweiq ˜gseir: Eqcas˜ier le epiweiqglatij ˜a jai j ˜emtqa cqave˜ia cia epiweiq ˜gseir Peqiveqeiaj ˜er hucatqij ˜er tq ˜ape- fer Wqglatodotij ˜g l˜ishysg Diawe˜iqisg apait ˜gseym tq˜itym Eidij ˜er wqglatodot ˜gseir CL (Woodchester Tq ˜apefa cia idi ˜yter jai epiweiq ˜g- seir: 679 upojatast ˜glata Ceqlam˜ia (BfG Bank) Austq˜ia (CL Austria) B ˜ekcio (CL Belgium) Ispam˜ia (CL Espa˜na, Banca Jover) Ekk ˜ada (CL Ekk ˜ada) Iqkamd˜ia Bank) (1) Itak˜ia (Cr(cid:130)dito Bergamasco) (1) Kounelbo ˜uqco (CL Luxembourg) Poqtocak˜ia (CL Portugal) Gmyl ˜emo Bas˜ikeio (upojatast ˜g- lata CL) Sougd˜ia (CL Su(cid:138)de) Ekbet˜ia (CL Suisse) 14 upojatast ˜glata stgm Amato- kij ˜g Euq ˜ypg (CL Russie, CL Bank Praha, CL Ukraine, CL Bank Hungary, CL Bank Slovakia, Interna- tional Bank of Poland) Wqglatodotij ˜g l˜ishysg Diawe˜iqisg apait ˜gseym tq˜itym Diawe˜iqisg cia kocaqiasl ˜o tq˜itym Diawe˜iqisg 120 OSEJA Diawe˜iqisg le apeuhe˜iar am ˜ahesg: idi ˜yter, jai epiweiq ˜gseir heslijo˜i voqe˜ir Diawe˜iqisg 80 OSEJA Eidijeul ˜emer hucatqij ˜er: CL Private Banking sto Womj Jomcj, Simcjapo ˜uqg, Laˇi ˜ali, Lomtebid ˜eo CL International Asset Management (Womcj Jomcj, Lik ˜amo, M ˜ea U ˜oqjg, Simcjapo ˜uqg, T ˜ojio) CL Private Banking pou dieuh ˜u- metai ap ˜o tg CL Suisse ( ˜akker p ˜okeir: Paq˜isi, Lomaj ˜o, Kounel- bo ˜uqco, Komd˜imo, Bi ˜emmg) Asvak˜iseir UAF Cqave˜ia asvakeiolesit ˜ym Cqave˜ia asvakeiolesit ˜ym Wqglatopistytij ˜er acoq ˜er 4 a˜ihouser sumakkac ˜ym 17 huq˜ider sumakkac ˜ym Wqglatistgqiaj ˜er Cholet-Dupont et Michaux etaiqe˜ier: sumakkac ˜ym stir Vqamjvo ˜uqtg, Kounelbo ˜uqco, A˜ihouser Bqun ˜ekker, Komd˜imo, Ladq˜itg, Lik ˜amo, Fuq˜iwg Eidijeul ˜emer hucatqij ˜er: CL Capital Markets (Komd˜imo) Iberagen- tes (Ladq˜itg) a˜ihouser sumakkac ˜ym 36 sto Womcj Jomcj, L ˜omtqeak, M ˜ea U ˜oqjg, Seo ˜uk, Simcjapo ˜uqg, S˜imtmeˇu, Taˇip ˜ei, T ˜ojuo Eidijeul ˜emer hucatqij ˜er: CL Capital Markets Asia, CL Securities (USA) Pgc˜g: Et ˜gsia CL 1996. (1) Oi hucatqij ˜er Credito Bergamasco (Itak˜ia) jai Woodchester (Iqkamd˜ia) pyk ˜ghgjam to 1997 jai dem upeis ˜eqwomtai pk ˜eom stour emopoigl ˜emour kocaqiaslo ˜ur tou 1997. L 221/36 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 G CL e˜imai tqapefij ˜or ˜olikor pou dqastgqiopoie˜itai se di ˜avoqour tole˜ir wqglatopistytij ˜gr dialesok ˜abgsgr, juq˜iyr se kiamij ˜er jai womdqij ˜er eqcas˜ier elpoqij ˜gr tq ˜apefar, pq ˜aneir se wqgla- topistytij ˜er acoq ˜er, diawe˜iqisg jevaka˜iym cia kocaqiasl ˜o tq˜itym, wqglatodotij ˜g l˜ishysg, diawe˜iqisg apait ˜gseym jai asvak˜iseir. Sta t ˜ekg tou 1997, g Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais apaswoko ˜use 50 789 upakk ˜gkour, ap ˜o tour opo˜iour k˜ico kic ˜oteqo ap ˜o ta d ˜uo tq˜ita stg Cakk˜ia. To s ˜umoko tou isokoci- slo ˜u tgr CL ameqw ˜otam sta t ˜ekg tou 1997 se 1 499 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja, ej tym opo˜iym 692 disejatoll ˜uqia ap ˜o dqastgqi ˜otgter stg cakkij ˜g acoq ˜a (46. 2 %) jai 474 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja stgm Euq ˜ypg ejt ˜or Cakk˜iar (32 %). Let ˜a tgm enacoq ˜a tgr sulletow ˜gr tgr Thomson to Dej ˜elbqio 1996, to cakkij ˜o jq ˜ator jate˜iwe 78,05 % tou jevaka˜iou jai 96,01 % tym dijaiyl ˜atym x ˜gvou tgr CL (sulpeqikalbamol ˜emym tym letow ˜ym tgr EPFR). G Caisse des dep(cid:147)ts et Consignations, pou e˜imai eidi- jeul ˜emor dgl ˜osior wqglatodotij ˜or oqcamisl ˜or, jate˜iwe to 3,7 % tou jevaka˜iou jai 3,99 % tym dijaiyl ˜atym x ˜gvou. To up ˜okoipo tou jevaka˜iou (18,25 %) apoteke˜ito ap ˜o eisgcl ˜ema sto wqglati- st ˜gqio pistopoigtij ˜a epemd ˜useym wyq˜ir dija˜iyla x ˜gvou. G di ˜aqhqysg tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym jai o aqihl ˜or tym ecjatast ˜aseym tgr CL stg Cakk˜ia jai to enyteqij ˜o sto t ˜ekor tou 1997, jah ˜yr jai g ceycqavij ˜g jatamol ˜g oqisl ˜emym wqglatooijomolij ˜ym stoiwe˜iym ousiastij ˜gr sglas˜iar tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais paqat˜ihemtai stour aj ˜okouhour p˜imajer: Ceycqavij ˜g jatamol ˜g oqisl ˜emym basij ˜ym wqglatooijomolij ˜ym stoiwe˜iym tgr CL sto t ˜ekor 1997 P˜imajar 2 Wqglatooijomolij ˜a stoiwe˜ia Cakk˜ia Euq ˜ypg Apait ˜gseir jat ˜a pekat ˜ym (d ˜ameia) Upowqe ˜yseir pqor pek ˜ater (jatah ˜eseir) Pqosypij ˜o Jahaq ˜o pqoˇi ˜om tqapefij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym Leijt ˜o apot ˜ekesla ejletakke ˜useyr S ˜umoko upokocislo ˜u Pgc˜g: CL, et ˜gsia ˜ejhesg 1997. 46 58 68 58 50 46 30 30 21 28 30 32 (%) Up ˜okoipor j ˜oslor 24 12 11 14 20 22 Oi dqastgqi ˜otgter tgr CL oqcam ˜ymomtai am ˜a jk ˜adour jai oladopoio ˜umtai j ˜aty ap ˜o oqisl ˜emer dieuh ˜umseir pou e˜imai: g die ˜uhumsg cakkij ˜ym upoh ˜eseym (DCAF), g die ˜uhumsg euqypaˇij ˜ym upoh ˜eseym ejt ˜or Cakk˜iar (DCAE), g die ˜uhumsg ˜akkym diehm ˜ym upoh ˜eseym ejt ˜or Euq ˜ypgr (DCMI), g die ˜u- humsg jevakaiacoq ˜ym (DCMC), g die ˜uhumsg diawe˜iqisgr jai sw ˜eseym le tour heslijo ˜ur epemdut ˜er (DGRI), g die ˜u- humsg wqglatooijomolij ˜gr tewmij ˜gr jai wqglatodot ˜gseym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u jai swed˜iym (IFAP) jai koip ˜a. G DCAF e˜imai g basij ˜g die ˜uhumsg tou ol˜ikou dedol ˜emou ˜oti sumeisv ˜eqei to ˜glisu peq˜ipou tym emopoigl ˜emym es ˜odym tgr CL jai sullet ˜ewei sto ˜ema tq˜ito tou jahaqo ˜u apotek ˜e- slat ˜or tgr (ejt ˜or pqosaqloc ˜ym holding jai intergroupe). O aj ˜okouhor p˜imajar (aqih. 3) amav ˜eqei tg sulletow ˜g j ˜ahe die ˜uhumsgr se oqisl ˜ema wqglatooijomolij ˜a lec ˜ehg tou ol˜ikou cia to ˜etor 1996. O p˜imajar 3 de˜iwmei ˜oti oi euqypaˇij ˜er dqastgqi ˜otgter elv ˜amisam to 1996 ˜ema pok ˜u l ˜etqio jahaq ˜o apot ˜ekesla se sw ˜esg le tir stahlisl ˜emer upowqe ˜yseir jai ta wqgsilopoi- gh ˜emta jev ˜akaia, em ˜y to amt˜iheto isw ˜uei cia tir ˜akker diehme˜ir dqastgqi ˜otgter. Oi dqastgqi ˜otgter stg Cakk˜ia, ap ˜o tgm pkeuq ˜a tour, paq ˜gcacam sglamtij ˜a ajah ˜aqista ˜esoda pou ˜olyr dem od ˜gcgsam se ˜ema amt˜istoiwa uxgk ˜o jahaq ˜o apot ˜ekesla, juq˜iyr k ˜ocy tym cemij ˜ym en ˜odym jai tou uxgko ˜u epip ˜edou tym jimd ˜umym jai tym fgli ˜ym pou swet˜ifomtai le stoiwe˜ia tou emeqcgtijo ˜u. G jat ˜astasg aut ˜g enek˜iwhgje sglamtij ˜a to 1997 (bk ˜epe jatyt ˜eqy). Ap ˜o tgm epow ˜g tgr woq ˜gcgsgr tym pq ˜ytym emisw ˜useym to 1994, g CL pqo ˜ebg se sglamtij ˜g amadi ˜aqhqysg tgr oqc ˜a- mys ˜gr tgr jai tou sum ˜okou tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym tgr. G amadi ˜aqhqysg avoqo ˜use stqatgcij ˜a, epiweiqgsiaj ˜a jai wqglatooijomolij ˜a h ˜elata. G CL ecjat ˜ekeixe tgm vikodon˜ia ma jataste˜i oijoulemij ˜g tq ˜apefa se pacj ˜oslia jk˜ilaja. Diatgq ˜ymtar to st ˜owo ˜opou g CL paq ˜ewei taut ˜owqoma upgqes˜ier aut ˜o stg Cakk˜ia, se idi ˜yter, se LLE, se lec ˜aker epiweiq ˜gseir jai heslijo ˜ur epemdut ˜er, pqosv ˜eqei tqapefoasvakistij ˜a pqoˇi ˜omta, upgqe- s˜ier pqor epiweiq ˜gseir jah ˜yr jai dqastgqi ˜otgter stir wqglatopistytij ˜er acoq ˜er, stom up ˜okoipo j ˜oslo g CL le˜iyse tgm elpoqij ˜g tgr paqous˜ia, sulloqvo ˜ulemg pqor tgm ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ, ejwyq ˜ymtar tir akkodap ˜er huca- tqij ˜er tgr tq ˜apefer le eneid˜ijeusg stir kiamij ˜er tqapefij ˜er eqcas˜ier stgm Euq ˜ypg (CLBN, Credito Bergamasco, Woodche- ster), stg Katimij ˜g ˜Aleqij ˜g (Banco Frances e Brasileiro) jai stgm Avqij ˜g. Ap ˜o tgm 1g Iamouaq˜iou 1995, oi diehme˜ir ejwyq ˜gseir avoqo ˜usam 17,9 % tym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcg- tijo ˜u stom em k ˜ocy tol ˜ea, pou amtistoiwe˜i peq˜ipou se 171,2 disejatoll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja ej tym opo˜iym 136,1 dise- jatoll ˜uqia stgm Euq ˜ypg jai 35,2 disejatoll ˜uqia stom up ˜okoipo j ˜oslo (juq˜iyr stg Katimij ˜g Aleqij ˜g). Amt˜iheta, diat ˜gqgse jai amadioqc ˜amyse tir womdqij ˜er tqapefij ˜er tgr eqcas˜ier (whole sale banking), jah ˜yr jai tir dqastgqi ˜otgt ˜er tgr stir jevakaiacoq ˜er se ok ˜ojkgqo tom j ˜oslo. Sum ˜gxe ep˜isgr sullaw˜ier le eidijeul ˜emour eta˜iqour, oi opo˜ioi jat ˜e- woum en ˜ewousa h ˜esg stir acoq ˜er tour (juq˜iyr le tgm Allianz stom tol ˜ea tgr asv ˜akisgr fgli ˜ym jai le tgm Cetelem stg Cakk˜ia stom tol ˜ea tgr jatamakytij ˜gr p˜istgr). 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/37 Sulbok ˜g tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym tou ol˜ikou se oqisl ˜ema wqglatooijomolij ˜a lec ˜ehg (stoiwe˜ia 1996) P˜imajar 3 Stahlisl ˜emer upowqe ˜yseir Jahaq ˜o tqapefij ˜o pqoˇi ˜om Leijt ˜o apot ˜ekesla ejlet ˜akkeusgr Jahaq ˜o apot ˜ekesla DCAF jai hucatqij ˜er DCAE sulpeq. tym aih. sumak. DCAI sulpeq. tym aih. sumak. DCMC sulpeq. tym aih. sumak. DGRI jai hucatqij ˜er IFAP jai hucatqij ˜er Sumokij ˜er ap ˜okuter an˜ier (diseja- toll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja) [. ] (*) [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] 872 [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] 44,5 [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] 11,4 32 % 6 % 30 % 23 % 5 % 4 % 0,3 (*) Sto dglosieul ˜emo je˜ilemo tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr paqeke˜ivhgsam oqisl ˜ema stoiwe˜ia k ˜ocy epacceklatijo ˜u apoqq ˜gtou. Pqim ap ˜o pqosaqloc ˜er holding et intergroupe — Pgc˜g: epiweiqglatij ˜o sw ˜edio tgr CL. Sgle˜iysg: To d ˜ameio tym 135 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym pqor tgm EPFR dem kalb ˜ametai up ˜oxg stir stahlisl ˜emer upowqe ˜yseir. Ap ˜o epiweiqgsiaj ˜g ˜apoxg, ajokouh ˜ghgjam d ˜uo basij ˜er jateuh ˜umseir. Aqwij ˜a, enuci ˜amhgje to waqtovuk ˜ajio le tg letab˜ibasg sto CDR stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u ˜uxour 190 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym, pou sto lecak ˜uteqo tl ˜gla tour ˜gtam lg apodotij ˜a, jah ˜yr jai le tg wqgsilo- po˜igsg peqiss ˜oteqo apotekeslatij ˜ym l ˜esym ek ˜ecwou jai diawe˜iqisgr tym jimd ˜umym, jah ˜yr jai jak ˜uteqa pqosaqlo- sl ˜emym sustgl ˜atym diawe˜iqisgr jai esyteqijo ˜u ek ˜ecwou. O sumtekest ˜gr j ˜akuxgr tym episvak ˜ym apait ˜gseym ap ˜o pqobk ˜exeir aun ˜ghgje se 65 % to 1997. De ˜uteqom, jatabk ˜g- hgje sglamtij ˜g pqosp ˜aheia cia tg le˜iysg tym cemij ˜ym en ˜odym. Ta diadowij ˜a pqocq ˜allata joimymij ˜ym l ˜etqym ep ˜etqexam tg le˜iysg tou pqosypijo ˜u ap ˜o 59 323 upakk ˜g- kour to 1995 se 50 789 to 1997 jai tou sumokijo ˜u j ˜ostour ap ˜o 20,6 disejatoll ˜uqia se 19,8 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja cia tgm peq˜iodo. G le˜iysg tou aqihlo ˜u tou pqosypijo ˜u upokoc˜ifetai se 14,4 % se sw ˜esg le to 1995 (7), dgkad ˜g le˜iysg pok ˜u lecak ˜uteqg, aj ˜ola jai le staheq ˜g peq˜iletqo dqastgqiot ˜gtym, ap ˜o eje˜img stgm opo˜ia pqo ˜ebgsam oi juqi ˜oteqoi c ˜akkoi amtacymist ˜er tgr. L˜ia m ˜ea le˜iysg tou pqosypijo ˜u pqobk ˜epetai cia to 1998, sto pka˜isio tgr okojk ˜gqysgr tou tq˜itou pqocq ˜allator joimymij ˜ym l ˜etqym pou avoq ˜a peqijop ˜er sto pqosypij ˜o ameqw ˜olemer se 5 000 upakk ˜gkour (cia tgm peq˜iodo 1996-1998). Pqosp ˜aheier ep˜isgr jatabk ˜ghgjam pqor tgm jate ˜uhumsg tgr ap ˜ojtgsgr pist ˜gr pekate˜iar jai st ˜gqingr tou jahaqo ˜u pqoˇi ˜omtor ap ˜o tqapefij ˜er eqcas˜ier cia ma amajope˜i g le˜iysg pou diapi- st ˜yhgje to 1996. To wqglatooijomolij ˜o sj ˜ekor tgr amadi ˜aqhqysgr ˜gtam pio aqc ˜o. Se sw ˜esg le to sw ˜edio pou upobk ˜ghgje stgm Epitqop ˜g to 1995, g CL dem lp ˜oqese ma tgq ˜gsei tour st ˜owour pou e˜iwe h ˜esei, cia aqjeto ˜ur k ˜ocour. Stgm pkeuq ˜a tou pahgtijo ˜u, g CL sum ˜ewise ma epibaq ˜umetai le lajqo- pq ˜ohesler upowqe ˜yseir pou e˜iwam amakgvhe˜i pqim ap ˜o (7) Lg dioqhyl ˜ema stoiwe˜ia ap ˜o tir apojk˜iseir stgm peq˜iletqo emo- po˜igsgr. pokk ˜a wq ˜omia jai cia tir opo˜ier oi ˜oqoi enupgq ˜etgsgr ap ˜o pkeuq ˜ar epitoj˜iym jat ˜estgsam ˜oko jai epawh ˜esteqoi se s ˜ucjqisg le tgm pqoodeutij ˜g le˜iysg tym epitoj˜iym tgr acoq ˜ar. G pistokgptij ˜g ijam ˜otgta tgr CL paq ˜eleime se idia˜iteqa walgk ˜a ep˜ipeda, apotek ˜ymtar leiom ˜ejtgla se sw ˜esg le tg stqatgcij ˜g tgr tq ˜apefar. Paq ˜a tgm pq ˜osvatg bekt˜iysg tym keitouqcij ˜ym tgr epid ˜oseym, g jat ˜atang tgr CL ap ˜o tour diehme˜ir oqcamislo ˜ur aniok ˜ocgsgr e˜imai s ˜gleqa BBB+ (Standard & Poor’s) jai A3 (Moody’s), pou amtistoiwe˜i se epaqj ˜g ijam ˜otgta apopkgqyl ˜gr g opo˜ia ˜olyr e˜imai idia˜iteqa eu ˜akytg stir letabok ˜er tgr oijomoli- j ˜gr sucjuq˜iar (8). G jat ˜atang aut ˜g sucjq˜imetai le eje˜imer tgr Soci(cid:130)t(cid:130) G(cid:130)n(cid:130)rale (AA-/Aa3) jai tgr BMQ (A+/Aa3), dgkad ˜g d ˜uo idiytij ˜ym cakkij ˜ym tqapef ˜ym sucjq˜isilou peq˜ipou lec ˜ehour le eje˜imo tgr CL, jai le tg sum ˜ghyr uxgk ˜oteqg bahlokoc˜ia ˜akkym dgl ˜osiym tqapef ˜ym. L˜ia jat ˜atang stir bahl˜ider AAA-A- (S&P) ˜g Aaa-A3 (Moody’s) apoteke˜i jamomij ˜a apaqa˜itgtg pqoˇup ˜ohesg cia tg lajqo- wq ˜omia biysil ˜otgta liar tq ˜apefar o ˜utyr ˜yste g tekeuta˜ia ma lpoq ˜esei ma k ˜abei wqglatod ˜otgsg le amtacymistijo ˜ur ˜oqour ap ˜o tir acoq ˜er. G tanim ˜olgsg aut ˜g amtijatoptq˜ifei ep˜isgr tg walgk ˜g jevakaiopo˜igsg tgr CL se sw ˜esg le to e˜idor jai tgm ˜ejtasg tym eqcasi ˜ym tgr oi opo˜ier up ˜ojeimtai stir letabok ˜er tgr oijomolij ˜gr sucjuq˜iar se pacj ˜oslio ep˜ipedo. O sumtekest ˜gr veqeccu ˜otgtar letabk ˜ghgje ap ˜o 8,4 % to 1995 se 9,3 % to 1997 jai o basij ˜or tgr de˜ijtgr («tier one») ap ˜o 4,4 se 4,8 %. Lokom ˜oti oi de˜ijter auto˜i aqjo ˜um jamomij ˜a stgm peq˜iptysg liar lesa˜iar tq ˜apefar, (8) G bahlokocij ˜g jk˜ilaja tgr Standard Qoor’s-ADEF e˜imai g aj ˜o- kouhg: AAA: p ˜aqa pok ˜u uxgk ˜g ijam ˜otgta apopkgqyl ˜gr AA: po- k ˜u uxgk ˜g ijam ˜otgta apopkgqyl ˜gr A: uxgk ˜g ijam ˜otgta apopkg- qyl ˜gr, akk ˜a euaishgs˜ia se apq ˜obkepter oijomolij ˜er diajul ˜am- seir· BBB: epaqj ˜gr ijam ˜otgta apopkgqyl ˜gr, akk ˜a lec ˜akg euai- shgs˜ia se apq ˜obkepter oijomolij ˜er diajul ˜amseir· BB jai B: jeq- dosjopij ˜or waqajt ˜gqar jai abebai ˜otgta cia tir pkgqyl ˜er· CCC, CC jai C: episvake˜ir apait ˜gseir· D: ˜gdg se upeqgleq˜ia pkgqy- l ˜ym. G jk˜ilaja Moody’s e˜imai g aj ˜okouhg: Aaa, Aa1, Aa2, Aa3, A1, A2, A3, Baa1, Baa2. L 221/38 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 e˜imai yst ˜oso j ˜aty tou epip ˜edou pou fgto ˜um oi acoq ˜er sum ˜ghyr cia tq ˜apefer oi opo˜ier epidi ˜yjoum euq ˜uteqer stqa- tgcij ˜er ˜opyr stgm peq˜iptysg tgr CL. Tom Iamou ˜aqio 1998, o Oqcamisl ˜or Moody’s ˜ehese up ˜o paqajoko ˜uhgsg ˜oker tir oijomolij ˜er jatast ˜aseir tgr CL k ˜ocy tym amoicl ˜atym tgr stgm As˜ia jai tgr abebai ˜otgtar swetij ˜a le tgm ˜ecjqisg ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g tou swed˜iou emisw ˜useym. Paq ˜a tir dusw ˜eqeier aut ˜er ap ˜o pkeuq ˜ar upowqe ˜yseym, ta juqi ˜oteqa pqobk ˜glata pqo ˜eqwomtai ap ˜o tgm pkeuq ˜a tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr CL, enait˜iar tgr jahust ˜eqgsgr apopkgqy- l ˜gr tou dame˜iou pqor tgm EPFR pou epibaq ˜umei to kocaqia- sl ˜o ejletakke ˜useyr, akk ˜a ep˜isgr jai enait˜iar tgr le˜iysgr tym leqid˜iym tgr stgm acoq ˜a to 1995-1996 (pou amej ˜opg to 1997), jai tgr aqmgtij ˜gr sucjuq˜iar jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia tym et ˜ym aut ˜ym, pou engce˜i to walgk ˜o ep˜ipedo tym jahaq ˜ym es ˜odym ap ˜o tqapefij ˜er eqcas˜ier jai tym apotekesl ˜atym pou od ˜gcgsam tgm Epitqop ˜g ma ecjq˜imei to 1996 tir emisw ˜u- seir di ˜asysgr. Ap ˜o ap ˜oxeyr emeqcgtijo ˜u, sglei ˜ymetai ep˜isgr ˜oti g ap ˜odosg tou waqtovukaj˜iou apait ˜gseym sgle˜iyse pt ˜ysg k ˜ocy tgr le˜iysgr tym epitoj˜iym acoq ˜ar, akk ˜a jai tou emtom ˜oteqou amtacymislo ˜u k ˜ocy apodialesok ˜abgsgr stir pk ˜eom wqglatopistytij ˜ym acoq ˜ym, tgr tewmokocij ˜gr pqo ˜odou jai tgr emopo˜igsgr tym acoq ˜ym. G le˜iysg tym es ˜odym ap ˜o t ˜ojour (t ˜ojoi eispqa- wh ˜emter le˜iom t ˜ojoi jatabkgh ˜emter) amtistahl˜istgje pqoo- deutij ˜a ap ˜o tgm a ˜ungsg tym pqolghei ˜ym ep˜i t˜itkym jai cia tg diawe˜iqisg peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym cia kocaqiasl ˜o pok ˜upkojer eqcas˜ier tym tq˜itym. To d ˜ameio stgm EPFR paq ˜eleime se uxgk ˜o omola- stij ˜o pos ˜o ( ˜amy tym 100 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym) jai to walgk ˜oteqo epit ˜oji ˜o tou ap ˜o eje˜imo tgr acoq ˜ar (85 % tou TLL) ep ˜edqase aqmgtij ˜a stour kocaqia- slo ˜ur tgr tq ˜apefar, cecom ˜or pou od ˜gcgse stgm woq ˜gcgsg tgr epe˜icousar em˜iswusgr to 1996. G wqglatooijomolij ˜g jai epiweiqgsiaj ˜g am ˜akusg tgr CL jat ˜a tgm peq˜iodo 1994-1997 paqousi ˜afetai stom p˜imaja 4. ˜oti stour kocaqiaslo ˜ur tgr CL cia to 1995 Paqatgqe˜itai jai to 1996 peqikalb ˜ametai g «amtist ˜ahlisg» tou dame˜iou pqor tgm EPFR. Olo˜iyr, oi kocaqiaslo˜i tou 1997 jataqt˜i- stgjam ap ˜o tgm tq ˜apefa stgm upohetij ˜g b ˜asg ˜ecjqisgr ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g tgr «amtist ˜ahlisgr» tou dame˜iou. Let ˜a tgm amajo˜imysg tym apotekesl ˜atym aut ˜ym stir 19 Laqt˜iou 1998, g Epitqop ˜g amajo˜imyse, le d ˜gkysg tou Epitq ˜opou Van Miert, ˜oti o sumupokocisl ˜or jat ˜a to 1997 sta apotek ˜eslata tgr tq ˜apefar tgr em˜iswusgr amtist ˜ahli- sgr tou dame˜iou tgr EPFR ˜gtam pq ˜oyqor jai dem e˜iwe l ˜ewqi tg sticl ˜g eje˜img ecjqihe˜i, ˜oti dem lpoqo ˜use ma pqodij ˜asei tg k ˜gxg tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr jai ˜gtam jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, s ˜ulvyma le tour jam ˜omer pou isw ˜uoum cia tir jqatij ˜er emisw ˜useir, paq ˜amolor stgm paqo ˜usa v ˜asg. Wyq˜ir tir emisw ˜useir aut ˜er to 1997, poso ˜u uxgk ˜oteqou tym 3 diseja- tolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym, g tq ˜apefa ha e˜iwe elvam˜isei aqmgtij ˜o apot ˜ekesla. Paq ˜a tgm epiv ˜ukang aut ˜g, jai ˜opyr paqousi ˜afomtai, ta apotek ˜eslata aut ˜a e˜imai sucjq˜isila le eje˜ima tou 1996 jai tou 1995 pou peqiek ˜albamam paq ˜o- loier emisw ˜useir jai paq ˜ewoum sglamtij ˜er emde˜ineir cia tgm poqe˜ia tgr dqastgqi ˜otgtar tgr CL. Wqglatooijomolij ˜a apotek ˜eslata jai de˜ijter tgr CL ap ˜o to 1994 ˜eyr to 1997 P˜imajar 4 1994 1995 1996 1997 Jahaq ˜o pqoiˇ ˜om tqapefij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym Cemij ˜a ˜enoda jai aposb ˜eseir Leijt ˜o apot ˜ekesla ejlet ˜akkeusgr Pqobk ˜exeir Tq ˜ewom apot ˜ekesla ejletakke ˜useyr (1) ˜Ejtajta apotek ˜eslata V ˜oqoi ep˜i tym etaiqei ˜ym Apotek ˜eslata hucatqij ˜ym epiweiq ˜gseym Aposb ˜eseir tym diavoq ˜ym jt ˜gseyr Q ˜gtqa epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg 45 677 (39 502) 6 175 (13 981) (7 809) (485) (1 300) 451 (2 192) — 43 355 (36 709) 6 646 (5 835) 811 546 (931) 920 (197) (6) Jahaq ˜o sumokij ˜o apot ˜ekesla (11 274) 1 143 Jahaq ˜o apot ˜ekesla, leq˜idio tou ol˜ikou ˜Idia jev ˜akaia, ej tym opo˜iym leq˜idio tou ol˜ikou jev ˜akaia cia cemijo ˜ur tqapefijo ˜ur jimd ˜umour ˜gssomor sglas˜iar S ˜umoko isokocislo ˜u Apodotij ˜otgta tym id˜iym jevaka˜iym, leq˜idio tou ol˜ikou pqim ap ˜o tg q ˜gtqa (ROE) Apodotij ˜otgta stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u (ROA) (12 102) 45 545 26 304 5 492 14 749 13 42 148 24 282 5 018 12 848 1 752 971 1 663 030 1 623 682 1 498 698 ls 0,08 % 1,24 % 6,74 % – 0,64 % 0,07 % 0,09 % 0,15 % 44 509 (35 049) 9 460 (5 711) 3 749 (1 623) (1 296) 831 (68) (107) 1 486 202 44 421 25 603 5 054 13 763 (ejatoll˜uqia FRF) letabok ˜g 1997/1996 + 3,4 % – 0,2 % + 16,6 % – 12,2 % + 59 % ls ls ls ls ls 2 370 + 59 % 46 020 (34 981) 11 039 (5 073) 5 966 (1 800) (982) 110 (70) (850) 1 057 44 074 28 293 4 985 10 796 ls ls ls ls ls ls — — 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 1994 1995 1996 1997 L 221/39 (ejatoll˜uqia FRF) letabok ˜g 1997/1996 Sumtekest ˜gr veqeccu ˜otgtar, ej tou opo˜iou Tier 1 Sumtekest ˜gr ejlet ˜akkeusgr Pqosypij ˜o D ˜ameia se pek ˜ater Jatah ˜eseir pekat ˜ym Diawe˜iqisg jevaka˜iym 8,4 % d. p 86,5 % 68 845 830 758 684 600 441 400 8,5 % 4,5 % 84,7 % 59 373 878 500 700 800 401 200 8,7 % 4,6 % 78,7 % 56 748 878 489 694 000 452 600 9,3 % 4,8 % 76 % 50 789 845 500 712 700 491 300 — — ls ls ls ls + 8,5 % Pgc˜g: CL, et ˜gsia ˜ejhesg. Sgle˜iysg: Stoiwe˜ia tou 1997 pou joimopo˜igse g tq ˜apefa, sulpeqikalbamol ˜emgr tgr «amtist ˜ahlisgr» tou dame˜iou tgr CL stgm EPFR. (1) to tq ˜ewom apot ˜ekesla tou 1997 e˜imai wyq˜ir tir pqobk ˜exeir cia tgm As˜ia, pou peqikalb ˜amomtai sto up ˜okoipo tym ˜ejtajtym apotekesl ˜atym. O p˜imajar aut ˜or de˜iwmei ˜oti let ˜a ap ˜o l˜ia idia˜iteqa sglamtij ˜g le˜iysg to 1995, to jahaq ˜o apot ˜eke- sla tqapefij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym staheqopoi ˜ghgje to 1996 jai sgle˜iyse sglamtij ˜g ˜amodo to 1997. G ˜amodor aut ˜g to 1997 engce˜itai, avem ˜or, ap ˜o tg sglamtij ˜g a ˜ungsg tym pqolghei ˜ym (+11,5 % le staheq ˜g peq˜iletqo) k ˜ocy tgr ani ˜okocgr dqastgqi ˜otgtar stir wqglatopistytij ˜er acoq ˜er tou 1997. Apoteko ˜um pk ˜eom to 33,8 % tou jahaqo ˜u apotek ˜eslator tgr CL jai aun ˜ghgjam se ˜oker tir lec ˜aker dqastgqi ˜otgter tgr tq ˜apefar, stg Cakk˜ia ( ˜opou oi pqol ˜gheier p ˜eqasam ap ˜o 6,6 se 7,1 disejatol- l ˜uqia vq ˜acja) jai se diehm ˜er ep˜ipedo. Avet ˜eqou, g dameiodotij ˜g dqastgqi ˜otgta sgle˜iyse ˜amodo to 1997, t ˜oso stgm Euq ˜ypg (+11 % se sucjq˜isilg peq˜iletqo) ˜oso jai stom up ˜okoipo j ˜oslo (+7,6 %). G a ˜ungsg stgm Euq ˜ypg engce˜itai k ˜ocy tgr ˜emtomgr am ˜odou tym dame˜iym tgr BfG jai k ˜ocy tgr sumakkaclatij ˜gr ep˜iptysgr tgr k˜iqar steqk˜imar (+20 %). To apot ˜ekesla cia tom up ˜okoipo j ˜oslo peqikalb ˜amei jai tgm ep˜iptysg dokaq˜iou (+14 %). Oi pq ˜aneir jevakaiacoq ˜ar jai oi pq ˜aneir tym up ˜okoipym akkodap ˜ym hucatqij ˜ym, juq˜iyr eje˜imym stir Gmyl ˜emer Pokite˜ier jai tgm As˜ia, e˜iwam sglamtij ˜g sulbok ˜g stg dqastgqi ˜otgta tgr tq ˜apefar. S ˜ulvyma le tgm tq ˜apefa, ta leq˜idia acoq ˜ar tgr CL stg Cakk˜ia, let ˜a tgm pt ˜ysg pou paqatgq ˜ghgje tgm peq˜iodo 1995-96, staheqopoi ˜ghgjam, e˜ite pq ˜ojeitai cia tgm jatamol ˜g tym pist ˜yseym e˜ite cia tgm e˜ispqang p ˜oqym. P˜imajar 5 Leq˜idia acoq ˜ar tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais stg Cakk˜ia Dej ˜elbqior 1995 Dej ˜elbqior 1996 Sept ˜elbqior 1997 (%) Woqgc ˜gseir se pek ˜ater: — idi ˜yter — epiweiq ˜gseir P ˜oqoi ap ˜o pek ˜ater: — idi ˜yter — epiweiq ˜gseir Stoiwe˜ia: CL, et ˜gsia ˜ejhesg 1997. 6,1 4,1 5,9 6,3 5,7 4,3 5,7 5,5 5,6 4,4 5,7 5,5 G elpoqij ˜g tqapefij ˜g dqastgqi ˜otgta stg Cakk˜ia paqous˜iase to 1997 tawe˜ia bekt˜iysg tgr apodo- tij ˜otgt ˜ar tgr: ta jahaq ˜a apotek ˜eslata ap ˜o tqapefij ˜er eqcas˜ier stg Cakk˜ia paq ˜eleimam staheq ˜a k ˜ocy tgr ekavq ˜ar le˜iysgr tym ejjqel ˜ym dame˜iym pqor tour pek ˜ater (–2,6 % ejt ˜or titkopo˜igsgr) jai tgr suqq˜ijmysgr tym peqihyq˜iym (peqih ˜yqio dialesok ˜abgsgr, wqeystijo˜i t ˜ojoi ˜emamti pistyti- j ˜ym t ˜ojym), pkgm ˜olyr o ˜ekecwor tym cemij ˜ym en ˜odym cia tg dqastgqi ˜otgta stg Cakk˜ia, ta opo˜ia upow ˜yqgsam jat ˜a 1,4 %, apoteke˜i eumoˇij ˜o paq ˜acomta, jah ˜yr jai g le˜iysg tym pqobk ˜exeym k ˜ocy jak ˜uteqou ek ˜ecwou tym jimd ˜umym. To ep˜ipedo tym pqobk ˜exeym tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym tgr elpoqij ˜gr dqastgqi ˜otgtar tgr tq ˜apefar stg Cakk˜ia lei ˜yhgje sglamtij ˜a letan ˜u 1996 jai 1997, ap ˜o 3,7 dise- jatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja dgkad ˜g peq˜ipou 1 % tym stahlisl ˜emym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u se kic ˜oteqo ap ˜o 2 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja, epitq ˜epomtar tg bekt˜iysg tym apotekesl ˜atym (to apot ˜ekesla pqo v ˜oqym aun ˜ametai jat ˜a 2 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja). L 221/40 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 Ta cemij ˜a ˜enoda lei ˜yhgjam sglamtij ˜a ap ˜o to 1995 cia to s ˜umoko tou ol˜ikou, k ˜ocy juq˜iyr le˜iysgr tou aqihlo ˜u jai tou sumokijo ˜u j ˜ostour tou pqosypijo ˜u. O sumtekest ˜gr ejlet ˜akkeusgr jat ˜gkhe sto 76 % ap ˜o 84,7 %. Yst ˜oso, idia˜iteqa uxgk ˜or stg Cakk˜ia (peq˜ipou 82 %), paqal ˜emei ep˜ipedo pou pq ˜epei ma sucjqihe˜i le eje˜imo tym juqi ˜oteqym c ˜akkym amtacymist ˜ym tgr tq ˜apefar (peq˜ipou 70-72 %). Amt˜iheta, ta cemij ˜a ˜enoda aun ˜ghgjam sglamtij ˜a to 1997 se diehm ˜g jk˜ilaja, le tq ˜opo ˜yste o sumokij ˜or sumtekest ˜gr ejlet ˜akkeusgr (sw ˜esg letan ˜u cemij ˜ym en ˜odym jai jahaqo ˜u apotek ˜eslator tqapefij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym) ma vh˜imei le aqc ˜o quhl ˜o paq ˜a tgm ˜amodo tym jahaq ˜ym apotekesl ˜atym tgr tq ˜apefar. E˜imai pok ˜u jak ˜uteqor se sw ˜esg le tir pqobk ˜exeir cia to 1997 b ˜asei tou swed˜iou (80 %), pkgm ˜olyr g Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais ap ˜ewei aj ˜ola ap ˜o to sumtekest ˜g tym juqi ˜oteqym amtacymist ˜ym tgr jai tou st ˜owou tom opo˜io e˜iwe h ˜esei (sumtekest ˜gr 70 % cia to ˜etor 2000). Oi pqobk ˜exeir am ˜gkham se sumokij ˜o pos ˜o lecak ˜uteqo tym 8 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym to 1997, dgkad ˜g dipk ˜asier ap ˜o tir ejtil ˜gseir. G ˜amodor aut ˜g ove˜iketai juq˜iyr stgm ˜ejtajtg pq ˜obkexg 3 disejatolluq˜iym cakki- j ˜ym vq ˜acjym k ˜ocy tgr jat ˜astasgr stgm As˜ia. Se sw ˜esg le to 1996, oi pqobk ˜exeir, (ejt ˜or As˜iar) paqousi ˜afoum le˜iysg, ap ˜o 5,7 se 5,1 disejatoll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja. E˜imai yst ˜oso uxgk ˜oteqer jat ˜a 1 disejatolll ˜uqio ap ˜o tir ˜ewoum aunghe˜i se pqobk ˜exeir b ˜asei tou swed˜iou jai staheq ˜g peq˜iletqo, enait˜iar juq˜iyr tgr sglamtij ˜gr pq ˜obke- xgr cia jimd ˜umour w ˜yqar l ˜ewqi poso ˜u 9 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym to 1997 (epipk ˜eom liar pq ˜obkexgr 333 ejatollu- q˜iym vq ˜acjym pou e˜iwe ˜gdg eccqave˜i to 1996). To jahaq ˜o apot ˜ekesla tgr tq ˜apefar aun ˜ghgje sglamtij ˜a to 1997 pkgm ˜olyr e˜imai d ˜usjoko ma eqlgmeuhe˜i k ˜ocy tgr sobaq ˜otgtar tym ˜ejtajtym lg epamakalbam ˜olemym stoi- we˜iym (amtist ˜ahlisg tou dame˜iou tgr EPFR, pq ˜obkexg cia tgm As˜ia, upeqan˜ia ejwyq ˜gseym). O sumtekest ˜gr veqeccu ˜o- tgtar («ratio Cooke»), dedol ˜emgr tgr bekt˜iysgr tym apote- kesl ˜atym (hetij ˜g ep˜iptysg stom aqihlgt ˜g, let ˜a tgm wqgsi- lopo˜igsg tou apotek ˜eslator) jai tgr staheq ˜otgtar tym stahlisl ˜emym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u (paqomolast ˜gr tou de˜ijtg) aun ˜amei sglamtij ˜a, ap ˜o 4,6 se 4,8 % (tier one) jai ap ˜o 8,7 % se 9,3 % (sumtekest ˜gr veqeccu ˜otgtar). Ap ˜o ta l ˜ewqi s ˜gleqa cmyst ˜a apotek ˜eslata va˜imetai ˜oti g am ˜ajalxg tgr CL enajokouhe˜i ma paqal ˜emei e ˜uhqaustg, g de apodotij ˜otgt ˜a tgr amepaqj ˜gr cia ma jak ˜uxei tir pqos- doj˜ier tym idiyt ˜ym let ˜owym ˜osom avoq ˜a ta ˜idia jev ˜akaia pou ˜ewoum epemduhe˜i stgm tq ˜apefa. Wyq˜ir tir epe˜icouser emisw ˜useir tir opo˜ier em ˜ejqime g Epitqop ˜g to 1996, ta apotek ˜eslata tgr tq ˜apefar ha enajokouho ˜usam ma e˜imai aqmgtij ˜a. Upemhul˜ifetai ep˜isgr ˜oti stgm amtist ˜ahlisg tou dame˜iou (pqoenovko ˜ulemg jai stg v ˜asg aut ˜g, s ˜ulvyma le tour jam ˜omer pou isw ˜uoum cia tir jqatij ˜er emisw ˜useir, paq ˜amolg) g CL ha e˜iwe sglei ˜ysei fgl˜ier jai to 1997. enetaste˜i to sw ˜edio amadi ˜aqhqysgr pou up ˜ebakam oi aqw ˜er tom Io ˜ukio 1997 (bk ˜epe jatyt ˜eqy). 4. AMAKUSG TGS POQEIAS EVAQLOCGS TYM LETQYM POU PQOBKEPOMTAI STGM APOVASG 95/547/EJ Stgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr 95/547/EJ, g Epitqop ˜g sum ˜aqtgse tg woq ˜gcgsg tym emisw ˜useym ap ˜o lia seiq ˜a ˜oqym, tym opo˜iym g evaqloc ˜g enet ˜afetai jatyt ˜eqy. Oi sglamtij ˜oteqoi ap ˜o tour ˜oqour auto ˜ur e˜imai: a) g pk ˜gqgr evaqloc ˜g tym l ˜etqym pou pqocq ˜allator amadi ˜aqhqysgr pou upobk ˜ghgje stgm Epitqop ˜g· b) le˜iysg jat ˜a touk ˜awistom 35 % tgr elpoqij ˜gr paqou- s˜iar tgr tq ˜apefar ejt ˜or Cakk˜iar se ˜oqour isokocislo ˜u· c) g pqaclatopo˜igsg tou dame˜iou pqor tgm EPFR jai g eccqav ˜g olokoci ˜ym wyq˜ir tojoleq˜idio· d) g pkgqyl ˜g tym pos ˜ym b ˜asei tgr q ˜gtqar epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg· e) g jatabok ˜g tym leqisl ˜atym tgr CL pqor to jq ˜ator l ˜etowo· st) g wqgsilopo˜igsg tym es ˜odym ap ˜o tir ejwyq ˜gseir cia tour sjopo ˜ur tgr amadi ˜aqhqysgr· f) g jat ˜aqcgsg tgr dumat ˜otgtar letavoq ˜ar tym voqoko- cij ˜ym ekkeill ˜atym pou ˜ewoum sw ˜esg le tir emisw ˜useir. a) Gukopo˜igsgtouswed˜iouamadi˜aqhqysgrpouupobk˜g- hgje stgm Epitqop˜g Ap ˜o tgm ˜ecjqisg tou swed˜iou emisw ˜useym up ˜eq tgr CL ej l ˜eqour tgr Epitqop ˜gr tom Io ˜ukio 1995, sulpeqikalbamol ˜e- mou tou pqytoj ˜okkou sulvym˜iar letan ˜u tou cakkijo ˜u jq ˜atour jai tgr CL stir 5 Apqik˜iou 1995 swetij ˜a le tg di ˜aqhqysg diawyqislo ˜u, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er joimopo˜igsam stgm Epitqop ˜g aqjet ˜er pqosh ˜gjer sto em k ˜ocy pqyt ˜o- jokko, oqisl ˜emer ap ˜o tir opo˜ier cia ma sulloqvyho ˜um le tgm ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ (diawyqisl ˜or CL-CDR) jai le tgm ap ˜ovasg tgr Epitqop ˜gr tou Septelbq˜iou 1996 (epe˜icousa em˜iswusg). Sto sgle˜io aut ˜o upemhul˜ifetai g pqosh ˜gjg aqih. 9 tgr 6gr Lai¨ou 1997 g opo˜ia pqos ˜aqlose tour ˜oqour apopkgqyl ˜gr tou sulletowijo ˜u dame˜iou ap ˜o to CDR stgm EPFR le tgm jat ˜aqcgsg tgr upowq ˜eysgr cia to CDR ma pqoenovke˜i j ˜ahe wq ˜omo stgm EPFR pos ˜o amt˜istoiwo le ta pos ˜a pou eispq ˜awhgjam ap ˜o ta stoiwe˜ia tou emeqcgtijo ˜u avaiqoul ˜emym tym pos ˜ym ta opo˜ia t ˜ehgjam stgm di ˜ahesg tym ekecw ˜olemym etaiqei ˜ym, tym en ˜odym keitouqc˜iar jai tym t ˜ojym pou jatakoc˜ifomtai stgm EPFR. Ap ˜o tgm gleqo- lgm˜ia tgr pqosh ˜gjgr aut ˜gr, to CDR pq ˜epei ma upob ˜akkei j ˜ahe wq ˜omo stgm EPFR ˜ema pokuet ˜er sw ˜edio wqglatod ˜o- tgsgr jai taleiaj ˜ym qo ˜ym, b ˜asei tou opo˜iou to CDR pqoe- novke˜i stgm EPFR, stir 30 Ioum˜iou, pos ˜o ˜iso le tgm ejt˜i- lgsg tym qeust ˜ym diahes˜ilym jat ˜a tgm gleqolgm˜ia eje˜img le˜iom to ˜ema ˜ejto tym es ˜odym ejw ˜yqgsgr pou pqobk ˜epo- mtai ap ˜o tom pqoˇupokocisl ˜o tou tq ˜ewomtor ˜etour. G Epitqop ˜g dem lpoqe˜i sumep ˜yr stgm b ˜asg aut ˜g jai l ˜omo ma sulpeq ˜amei ˜oti g pq ˜osvatg poqe˜ia tgr dqastgqi ˜otgtar tgr tq ˜apefar apodeijm ˜uei tgm apojat ˜astasg tgr jeqdovo- q˜iar jai tgr biysil ˜otgtar. Cia to sjop ˜o aut ˜o pq ˜epei ma G ˜idia pqosh ˜gjg jahi ˜eqyse ˜ema s ˜ustgla ecc ˜ugsgr tgr EPFR sto CDR cia ma dieujokumhe˜i g k ˜gxg enyteqij ˜gr wqglatod ˜otgsgr ap ˜o to CDR, emt ˜or tou oq˜iou tym 10 dise- jatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym. Ap ˜o to pos ˜o tym pq ˜oshe- 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/41 tym jevaka˜iym sto pka˜isio tgr p˜istysgr tou EPFR ta opo˜ia lpoqe˜i ma amtk ˜gsei to CDR ap ˜o tgm 1g Iamouaq˜iou 1998 jai l ˜ewqi sumokijo ˜u ˜uxour 10 disejatolluq˜iym cakki- j ˜ym vq ˜acjym, avaiqe˜itai to pos ˜o tym uvist ˜alemym eccu ˜g- seym jat ˜a tgm gleqolgm˜ia j ˜ahe ˜amtkgsgr. Oi tqopopoi ˜g- seir aut ˜er amtijatoptq˜ifoum tir aungl ˜emer taleiaj ˜er am ˜a- cjer tou CDR pou sum ˜ebakam stir jahusteq ˜gseir enovk ˜g- seym tou sulletowijo ˜u dame˜iou jai, jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, tou dame˜iou tgr CL stgm EPFR. Stir 16 Dejelbq˜iou 1997, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er emgl ˜eqysam tgm Epitqop ˜g cia tgm letaqq ˜uhlisg tgr keitouqc˜iar jai tym diaqhq ˜yseym ek ˜ecwou tou CDR, pou paqousi ˜astgje stgm epitqop ˜g oijomolij ˜ym upoh ˜eseym tou ehmijo ˜u joimobou- k˜iou ap ˜o tom upouqc ˜o Strauss-Kahn. S ˜ulvyma le tir cakki- j ˜er aqw ˜er, g letaqq ˜uhlisg aut ˜g ˜gtam amacja˜ia cia ma dioq- hyho ˜um oi ekke˜ixeir tou pqogco ˜ulemou lgwamislo ˜u jai eidij ˜oteqa: — o apojkeistij ˜a ejjahaqistij ˜or st ˜owor jai to epita- jtij ˜o wqomodi ˜acqalla· — g apous˜ia am ˜akgxgr euhum ˜ym ej l ˜eqour tou CDR· — o lec ˜akor aqihl ˜or voq ˜eym jai diadijasi ˜ym ek ˜ecwou· — oi pokitij ˜er paqelb ˜aseir: — g abebai ˜otgta stg dijastij ˜g diejpeqa˜iysg tym upoh ˜e- seym. G letaqq ˜uhlisg bas˜ifetai se tqeir aqw ˜er: lia amen ˜aqtgtg jai upe ˜uhumg diawe˜iqisg, ˜emar austgq ˜or jai apotekeslati- j ˜or ˜ekecwor jai ˜ema aleq ˜okgpto jq ˜ator pou vqomt˜ifei cia tgm apomol ˜g dijaios ˜umgr. Stgm pq ˜ang, aut ˜o sgla˜imei ˜oti: — g diawe˜iqisg tym peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym dem ha e˜imai pk ˜eom apojkeistij ˜a ejjahaqistij ˜g, ha epidiywhe˜i g aniopo˜igs ˜g tour jai ha amafgtghe˜i g bektistopo˜igsg tou oijomolijo ˜u apotek ˜eslator cia to jq ˜ator· — to CDR ha e˜imai to l ˜omo upe ˜uhumo cia tir diadijas˜ier ejw ˜yqgsgr, sto pka˜isio liar stqatgcij ˜gr pou ha pqote˜imetai se et ˜gsia b ˜asg, le tgm eisacyc ˜g em ˜or lgwa- mislo ˜u sulletow ˜gr sta apotek ˜eslata· — o esyteqij ˜or ˜ekecwor ha emiswuhe˜i le tgm letatqop ˜g tou CDR se etaiqe˜ia le epoptij ˜o jai dioijgtij ˜o tgm emsyl ˜atysg tym keitouqci ˜ym tgr sulbo ˜ukio, sulboukeutij ˜gr epoptij ˜o ek ˜ecwou sulbo ˜ukio, tg dgliouqc˜ia liar die ˜uhumsgr jimd ˜umym jai tgm apkopo˜igsg tou lgwamislo ˜u esyteqij ˜gr kocistij ˜gr jai tym emdi ˜alesym joimymij ˜ym diaqhq ˜yseym· epitqop ˜gr sto — to EPFR ha asj ˜gsei ˜emamti tou CDR ta pqom ˜olia tou jq ˜atour let ˜owou, epivoqtisl ˜emo le apostok ˜g ek ˜ecwou cia tgm opo˜ia ha lpoqe˜i emdewol ˜emyr ma pqosve ˜ucei se enyteqijo ˜ur elpeiqocm ˜ylomer· — oi pokitij ˜er paqelb ˜aseir apacoqe ˜uomtai jai up ˜aqwei sustglatij ˜g pqosvuc ˜g stg dijaios ˜umg, le em˜iswusg tym l ˜esym pou up ˜aqwoum pqor to sjop ˜o aut ˜o stg di ˜ahes ˜g tgr. G Epitqop ˜g upostgq˜ifei tgm aqw ˜g liar diawe˜iqisgr pou ha upeqasp˜ifetai ta peqiousiaj ˜a sulv ˜eqomta tou jq ˜atour jai g opo˜ia pq ˜epei ma ˜ewei yr apot ˜ekesla tg le˜iysg tym emisw ˜useym pou woqgco ˜umtai ap ˜o to jq ˜ator stgm CL l ˜esy tou lgwamislo ˜u diawyqislo ˜u. G Epitqop ˜g sglei ˜ymei ˜oti oi pq ˜aneir tou CDR jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia tym wq ˜gseym 1996 jai 1997 apolajq ˜umhgjam ˜gdg ap ˜o tom ejjahaqistij ˜o apojkei- ˜oti eidij ˜oteqa to CDR pqo ˜ebg se paqa˜i- stij ˜a st ˜owo jai tgsg apait ˜gseym ˜g se aun ˜gseir jevaka˜iou, jah ˜yr jai se woq ˜gcgsg m ˜eym eccu ˜gseym stir hucatqij ˜er tou ˜g stour acoqast ˜er tour, j ˜aty ap ˜o ˜oqour pou piham ˜om ma peqikal- b ˜amoum stoiwe˜ia jqatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym up ˜eq tym dijaio ˜u- ˜oti g wym tym pq ˜aneym aut ˜ym. G Epitqop ˜g upocqall˜ifei ecjat ˜akeixg tgr kocij ˜gr aut ˜gr jahist ˜a peqiss ˜oteqo ab ˜ebaig tgm t ˜gqgsg tou aqwijo ˜u wqomodiacq ˜allator (emdeijtijo ˜u) pou pqo ˜ebkepe ˜ema st ˜owo ejwyq ˜gseym tgr t ˜aneyr tou 80 % tym diawyqish ˜emtym peqiousiaj ˜ym stoi- we˜iym stg k ˜gng liar pemtaet˜iar (dgkad ˜g jat ˜a to ˜etor 2000). Ta pkeomejt ˜glata pou oi aqw ˜er dgk ˜ymoum ˜oti pqoj ˜uptoum ap ˜o tg lg ejjahaqistij ˜g aut ˜g diawe˜iqisg pq ˜epei ma anio- kocgho ˜um le b ˜asei tgm a ˜ungsg tou j ˜ostour wqglatod ˜otg- sgr k ˜ocy tgr paq ˜atasgr tgr paqalom ˜gr oqisl ˜emou aqihlo ˜u stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u stg di ˜aqhqysg diawyqislo ˜u. Oi aqw ˜er dem paqe˜iwam j ˜apoia aitiok ˜ocgsg sto sgle˜io aut ˜o, pou ma de˜iwmei ˜oti ekawistopoio ˜um le tom tq ˜opo aut ˜o tir emisw ˜useir. G Epitqop ˜g upemhul˜ifei ˜oti oi p ˜oqoi tou CDR e˜imai p ˜oqoi tou jq ˜atour le tgm ˜emmoia tou ˜aqhqou 92 tgr sumh ˜gjgr, ˜owi l ˜omo epeid ˜g to CDR e˜imai 100 % hucatqij ˜g liar dgl ˜osiar epiwe˜iqgsgr akk ˜a ep˜isgr epeid ˜g wqglatodote˜itai l ˜esy sulletowijo ˜u dame˜iou le tgm ecc ˜ugsg tou jq ˜atour jai oi fgl˜ier tou amakalb ˜amomtai ap ˜o to jq ˜ator. G Epitqop ˜g sglei ˜ymei ˜oti oi pq ˜aneir aut ˜er dem tucw ˜amoum jal˜iar paq ˜ej- jkisgr pou ma tir enaiqe˜i ap ˜o tir upowqe ˜yseir b ˜asei tym ˜aqhqym 92 jai 93 tgr sumh ˜gjgr, jai eidij ˜oteqa ˜oti oi cakki- j ˜er aqw ˜er jai to CDR dem lpoqo ˜um ma apakkaco ˜um ap ˜o tir upowqe ˜yseir aut ˜er b ˜asei tg ap ˜ovasgr 95/547/EJ, o ˜ute b ˜asei tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr. Upocqall˜ifetai eidij ˜oteqa ˜oti oi pq ˜aneir tou CDR se sw ˜esg le tir hucatqij ˜er tou lpoqe˜i ma heyqghe˜i ˜oti dem peqikalb ˜amoum jam ˜ema stoiwe˜io em˜iswusgr l ˜omo ev ˜osom sulloqv ˜ymomtai le tgm aqw ˜g «tou idi ˜ytg epemdut ˜g se oijomol˜ia acoq ˜ar» jai ˜oti j ˜ahe eisvoq ˜a jevaka˜iym ( ˜g paqa˜itgsg ap ˜o apait ˜gseir) e˜imai s ˜ulvymg le tgm aqw ˜g aut ˜g. G Epitqop ˜g heyqe˜i, stgm amajo˜imys ˜g tgr pqor ta jq ˜atg l ˜ekg (9), swetij ˜a le tir aqw ˜er pou pq ˜epei ma evaql ˜ofomtai cia tom jahoqisl ˜o tou jat ˜a p ˜oso lia dgl ˜osia paq ˜elbasg pq ˜epei ma heyqghe˜i yr em˜iswusg, ˜oti oi eisvoq ˜er jevaka˜iou sto pka˜isio dgl ˜osiym epiweiq ˜gseym peqikalb ˜amoum stoiwe˜ia jqatij ˜ym emisw ˜u- ˜emar idi ˜ytgr epemdut ˜gr, seym e ˜am, se am ˜akocer peqist ˜aseir, kalbamol ˜emgr up ˜oxg tgr pqosdoj ˜ylemgr ap ˜odosgr tgr eisvoq ˜ar jevaka˜iym, dem ha pqo ˜ebaime stgm em k ˜ocy eisvoq ˜a. Se epistok ˜g tgr 16gr Ojtybq˜iou 1997 pqor tom Upouqc ˜o Ehmij ˜gr Oijomol˜iar, Oijomolij ˜ym jai Biolgwa- m˜iar, o Ep˜itqopor Karel Van Miert upemh ˜ulise ˜oti oi pq ˜aneir tou CDR pou peqikalb ˜amoum amadi ˜aqhqysg tym peqiousia- j ˜ym tou stoiwe˜iym, p ˜ykgsg le fgl˜ia ˜g paqacqav ˜g tym wqe ˜ym, ˜gtam piham ˜om ma peqikalb ˜amoum emisw ˜useir jai ha ˜epqepe ma ˜ewoum joimopoighe˜i stgm Epitqop ˜g. Olo˜iyr, oi ejwyq ˜gseir stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tou CDR pou dem (9) EE C 307 tgr 13. 11. 1993, s. 3. L 221/42 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 pqaclatopoio ˜umtai l ˜esy amoijt ˜ym jai diavam ˜ym diadija- si ˜ym upobok ˜gr pqosvoq ˜ym pq ˜epei ep˜isgr ma joimopoio ˜u- mtai stgm Epitqop ˜g. L ˜omo oi pq ˜aneir pou jula˜imomtai amalvisb ˜gtgta j ˜aty ap ˜o ˜oqio de minimis em˜iswusgr tym 100 000 Ecu apakk ˜assomtai ap ˜o tgm upowq ˜eysg aut ˜g. Stgm sum ˜eweia enet ˜afomtai ta up ˜okoipa h ˜elata pou avoqo ˜um tgm evaqloc ˜g tou swed˜iou amadi ˜aqhqysgr pou upobk ˜ghgje stgm Epitqop ˜g to 1996. b) Gle˜iysgtgrelpoqij˜grpaqous˜iartgrtq˜apefarejt˜or tgr Cakk˜iar S ˜ulvyma le tir desle ˜useir pou am ˜ekabe g Cakk˜ia stgm epistok ˜g tou Upouqco ˜u j. Madelin stir 18 Iouk˜iou 1995, g ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ ˜ehese tgm upowq ˜eysg le˜iysgr touk ˜a- wistom jat ˜a 35 % tgr elpoqij ˜gr paqous˜iar tgr CL sto enyteqij ˜o sulpeqikalbamol ˜emou tou euqypaˇijo ˜u tqapefi- jo ˜u dijt ˜uou, l ˜ewqi to t ˜ekor tou 1998. H epistok ˜g aut ˜g amav ˜eqei ˜oti g le˜iysg pq ˜epei ma ejtilghe˜i se ˜oqour isoko- cislo ˜u, jai ˜oti se diehm ˜g jk˜ilaja to amyt ˜eqy posost ˜o amtipqosype ˜uei le˜iysg 50 % tou dijt ˜uou stgm Euq ˜ypg. Upemhul˜ifetai ˜oti g sulletow ˜g diehm ˜ym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u sto s ˜umoko tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr tq ˜apefar sto t ˜ekor tou 1994 am ˜eqwetai se 960 disejatoll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja, em ˜y g sulletow ˜g euqypaˇij ˜ym stoiwe˜iym tou emeq- cgtijo ˜u isodumale˜i le 620 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, to 35 % tym diehm ˜ym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u amtistoiwe˜i se 336 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja, ej tym opo˜iym 310 disejatoll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja stgm Euq ˜ypg amti- stoiwo ˜um se 50 % tym euqypaˇij ˜ym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgti- jo ˜u tgr CL (ejt ˜or Cakk˜iar). Stir 31 Ojtybq˜iou 1997, g CL e˜iwe ejwyq ˜gsei stoiwe˜ia emeq- cgtijo ˜u an˜iar isokocislo ˜u tgm 1g Iamouaq˜iou 1995 tgr t ˜angr tym 171,2 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym, dgkad ˜g 17,9 % tym diehm ˜ym stoiwe˜iym emeqcgtijo ˜u. G le˜iysg aut ˜g apoteke˜i apot ˜ekesla ejwyq ˜gseym ˜uxour 136,1 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym stgm Euq ˜ypg jai 35,2 diseja- toll ˜uqia stom up ˜okoipo j ˜oslo. G le˜iysg stgm Euq ˜ypg amtistoiwe˜i se 22 % tym euqypaˇij ˜ym dqastgqiot ˜gtym. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, g CL pq ˜epei ma ejwyq ˜gsei aj ˜ola, pqim tir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1998, peq˜ipou 174 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja euqypaˇij ˜ym stoiwe˜iym emeqcgtijo ˜u cia ma tgq ˜gsei tgm upowq ˜eysg aut ˜g. c) Ukopo˜igsgtoudame˜ioustgmEPFR jaitgrupowq˜eysgr eccqav˜gr olokoci˜ym wyq˜ir tojoleq˜idio Cia tgm acoq ˜a stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u ˜uxour 135 dise- jatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym, jahaq ˜ym ap ˜o upowqe ˜y- seir, pou ˜ewoum letabibaste˜i ap ˜o tgm CL stgm di ˜aqhqysg diawyqislo ˜u, to CDR ˜ekabe sulletowij ˜o d ˜ameio 145 dise- jatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym ej l ˜eqour tou EPFR (ej tym opo˜iym 10 disejatoll ˜uqia letatq ˜apgjam se ecc ˜ugsg tgr EPFR cia tg k ˜gxg dame˜iou tou CDR ap ˜o tq˜itour). G EPFR, wqglatodot ˜ghgje ap ˜o tgm CL l ˜esy dame˜iou (lg ˜uxour 145 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym. Ta sulletowijo ˜u) d ˜uo d ˜ameia k ˜gcoum stir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 2014. To et ˜gsio epit ˜ojio pou evaql ˜ofetai sto d ˜ameio tgr CL stgm EPFR jahoq˜istgje aqwij ˜a se 7 % to 1995, jai 85 % tou epitoj˜iou wqglatacoq ˜ar (TLL) ap ˜o to 1996 (10). To lecak ˜uteqo (10) Oi t ˜ojoi upeqgleq˜iar upokoc˜ifomtai le b ˜asg to lgmia˜io epit ˜o- jio tym jqatij ˜ym olok ˜ocym 13 ebdol ˜adym (TLB), pou dglosi- e ˜uetai ap ˜o tgm CDC. l ˜eqor tou dame˜iou auto ˜u (135 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja) ep ˜etqexe tg wqglatod ˜otgsg tgr letab˜ibasgr tym stoi- we˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u, to de up ˜okoipo (10 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja) ˜epqepe ma ˜ewei wqgsilopoighe˜i ap ˜o tgm EPFR cia ma acoq ˜asei olokoc˜ier wyq˜ir tojoleq˜idio tou id˜iou poso ˜u, ap ˜o tir opo˜ier ha enasv ˜akife ˜esoda omolastij ˜gr an˜iar 35 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜ajym to 2014, pos ˜o to opo˜io g Epitqop ˜g ejt˜ilgse stgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr 95/547/EJ se 8 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja peq˜ipou se paqo ˜usa an˜ia. Stg diadijas˜ia aut ˜g ep ˜gkham pokk ˜er tqopopoi ˜gseir. To d ˜ameio tgr CL stgm EPFR t ˜ehgje se evaqloc ˜g, pkgm ˜olyr l ˜omo cia to pq ˜yto l ˜eqor pou avoqo ˜use ta 135 disejatol- l ˜uqia vq ˜acja, cecom ˜or to opo˜io dem ep ˜etqexe stgm EPFR tgm eccqav ˜g olokoci ˜ym wyq˜ir tojoleq˜idio. Ev ˜osom ta ˜esoda pou pqobk ˜epomtam cia tgm EPFR ap ˜o tgm eccqav ˜g aut ˜g e˜iwam avaiqehe˜i ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g ap ˜o tir ajah ˜aqi- ster emisw ˜useir stgm CL, g lg woq ˜gcgsg ap ˜o tgm CL tym 10 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym tou dame˜iou pqor tgm EPFR jai jat ˜a sum ˜epeia g lg ukopo˜igsg tgr eccqav ˜gr olokoci ˜ym wyq˜ir tojoleq˜idio apoteko ˜um sulpkgqylatij ˜o j ˜ostor cia to jq ˜ator jai sulpkgqylatij ˜g em˜iswusg stgm CL, se sw ˜esg le eje˜img pou e˜iwe epitqape˜i to 1995, poso ˜u ˜isou le tgm ava˜iqesg peq˜ipou 8 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym b ˜asei tym upokocisl ˜ym tou 1995. ˜Ema l ˜eqor tgr em˜iswusgr aut ˜gr, ejtil ˜ylemo se 400 ejat. vq ˜acja pou avoqo ˜use tg lg ukopo˜igsg tgr eccqav ˜gr olokoci ˜ym wyq˜ir tojoleq˜idio to 1995-1996, apot ˜ekese yst ˜oso amtije˜ilemo ˜ecjqisgr ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g jat ˜a tgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr tou Septelbq˜iou 1996 swetij ˜a le tir epe˜icouser emisw ˜useir up ˜eq tgr CL. 3,5 peq˜ipou disejatolluq˜iym ˜akker epe˜icouser Stgm ˜idia ap ˜ovasg ecjq˜imomtai jai cakkij ˜ym emisw ˜useir vq ˜acjym, pou apoqq ˜eoum ap ˜o tgm a ˜ungsg tou epitoj˜iou cia to d ˜ameio tgr CL pqor tgm EPFR cia ta ˜etg 1995 (a poste- riori) jai 1996. En ˜akkou, g Epitqop ˜g e˜iwe apovas˜isei ma jim ˜gsei tg diadijas˜ia swetij ˜a le tgm ep ˜ejtasg tgr tqopo- po˜igsgr aut ˜gr cia ta ep ˜olema ˜etg. ˜Etsi, Let ˜a tgm upocqav ˜g tou pqytoj ˜okkou sulvym˜iar tou 1995 letan ˜u tou jq ˜atour jai tgr CL ˜ecimam di ˜avoqer pqosh ˜gjer cia ma tqopopoigho ˜um jai ˜akker q ˜gtqer pou e˜iwe ecjq˜imei g ˜osom avoq ˜a to lgwamisl ˜o wqglatod ˜otg- Epitqop ˜g. sgr tou lgwamislo ˜u diawyqislo ˜u, g lg k ˜gxg 10 disejatol- luq˜iym vq ˜acjym ap ˜o tgm EPFR ej l ˜eqour tgr CL dem ep ˜etqexe tgm is ˜oposg le˜iysg tou sulletowijo ˜u dame˜iou tgr EPFR sto CDR, akk ˜a amt˜iheta e˜iwe sam apot ˜ekesla tgm letatqop ˜g tgr dumat ˜otgtar aut ˜gr sulpkgqylatij ˜gr ene ˜uqe- sgr p ˜oqym ap ˜o to CDR se ecc ˜ugsg ˜isou poso ˜u, le sjop ˜o tom apeuhe˜iar dameisl ˜o tou ap ˜o tq˜iter pgc ˜er. En ˜akkou, lokom ˜oti g poqe˜ia tym ejwyq ˜gseym tou CDR e˜imai s ˜ulvymg le tom aqwij ˜o st ˜owo ejw ˜yqgsgr 80 % tym diawyqish ˜emtym peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym se 5 wq ˜omia jai 50 % se tq˜ia wq ˜omia, g ˜amodor tym es ˜odym ejw ˜yqgsgr stgm EPFR, jai ˜aqa g en ˜ovkgsg tou dame˜iou tgr CL, jahust ˜eqg- sam pok ˜u peqiss ˜oteqo jai ˜gtam walgk ˜oteqer ap ˜o tir aqwi- j ˜er pqobk ˜exeir enait˜iar tou cecom ˜otor ˜oti to CDR diat ˜g- qgse to basij ˜o tl ˜gla tym es ˜odym aut ˜ym ap ˜o tgm ejw ˜y- qgsg cia ma wqglatodot ˜gsei ta ˜enoda ejlet ˜akkeusgr, ta ˜enoda wqglatod ˜otgsgr tym peqiousiaj ˜ym tou stoiwe˜iym (juq˜iyr tgm en ˜ovkgsg upowqe ˜yseym pqor tq˜itour) jai cia ma upostgq˜inei le di ˜avoqer loqv ˜er (l ˜esy a ˜ungsgr tou jevaka˜iou, pqojatabok ˜ym, paqait ˜gseym ap ˜o apait ˜gseir) oqisl ˜ema diawyqish ˜emta peqiousiaj ˜a stoiwe˜ia. 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/43 G jahust ˜eqgsg tym enovk ˜gseym jah ˜yr jai g apqosd ˜ojgtg poqe˜ia tym epitoj˜iym epib ˜aqumam peqait ˜eqy tour kocaqiaslo ˜ur tgr CL. Pq ˜aclati, ta letabibash ˜emta sto CDR stoiwe˜ia tou emeqcg- tijo ˜u, e˜iwam em l ˜eqei wqglatodotghe˜i ap ˜o lajqopq ˜ohesler upowqe ˜yseir pou dem e˜iwam letabiba- ste˜i stgm di ˜aqhqysg upodow ˜gr jai oi opo˜ier e˜iwam amakgvhe˜i ap ˜o tgm tq ˜apefa jat ˜a tg v ˜asg ep ˜ejtas ˜gr tgr (1988-93) le epit ˜ojia uxgk ˜oteqa ap ˜o tgm ap ˜odosg tou dame˜iou stgm EPFR let ˜a to 1995, pou e˜imai to 85 % tou TLL. To cecom ˜or aut ˜o ha odgco ˜use, ˜gdg ap ˜o to 1996, se ˜enoda wqgla- tod ˜otgsgr cia tgm CL (pou e˜iwam upokociste˜i tgm epow ˜g eje˜img se 2,1 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja to 1997, 1,8 disejatoll ˜uqia to 1998 jai 1,4 disejatoll ˜uqia to 1999). G ˜apoxg tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym ˜gtam ˜oti aut ˜o apoteko ˜use sumdqol ˜g tgr CL sto j ˜ostor tou lgwamislo ˜u, jai ˜aqa stg dij ˜g tgr amadi ˜aqhqysg. Oi pqobk ˜exeir cia to jahaq ˜o apot ˜ekesla ap ˜o tqapefij ˜er eqcas˜ier tgr tq ˜apefar e˜iwam av ˜gsei ma emmoghe˜i to 1995 ˜oti g CL ha ˜gtam se h ˜esg ma jak ˜uxei pk ˜gqyr ta ˜enod ˜a tgr. Stgm pqaclatij ˜otgta, g jahust ˜eqgsg en ˜ovkgsgr tou dame˜iou pqor tgm EPFR jah ˜yr jai g lg amalem ˜o- lemg poqe˜ia tym epitoj˜iym tgr acoq ˜ar a ˜ungsam to j ˜ostor cia tgm CL. Yst ˜oso, g a ˜ungsg aut ˜g dem ha apaito ˜use epe˜icouser emisw ˜useir e ˜am g CL e˜iwe ukopoi ˜gsei tir pqobk ˜exeir tgr ˜osom avoq ˜a to apot ˜ekesla tym tqapefij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym. To tekeuta˜io ˜aqa aut ˜o stoiwe˜io, dgkad ˜g g le˜iysg tou jahaqo ˜u apotek ˜eslator ap ˜o tqapefij ˜er eqcas˜ier se sw ˜esg le tir pqobk ˜exeir, apoteke˜i tgm ait˜ia tym epeicous ˜ym emisw ˜useym. Stgm ap ˜ovasg tou 1996 g Epitqop ˜g e˜iwe pq ˜aclati aniokoc ˜gsei, b ˜asei tym dedol ˜emym pou e˜iwam diabibaste˜i ap ˜o tir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, ˜oti to apot ˜ekesla tou epitoj˜iou ha e˜iwe ˜ema epipk ˜eom j ˜ostor cia tgm CL 1 disejatolluq˜iou cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym l ˜omo cia tgm tqiet ˜g peq˜iodo 1996-98 (11). d) G q˜gtqa epam˜odou se uci˜g jat˜astasg. Oi ˜oqoi tgr q ˜gtqar epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg evaql ˜ostgjam oqh ˜a ap ˜o tgm epow ˜g tgr ap ˜ovasgr 95/547/EJ. Yst ˜oso, g CL dem jat ˜ebake sto pka˜isio tgr q ˜gtqar aut ˜gr paq ˜a l ˜omo 6 ejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja to 1995 jai 107 ejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja to 1996, dgkad ˜g pos ˜a pok ˜u walgk ˜oteqa tym 339 jai 505 ejatolluq˜iym pou e˜iwam aqwij ˜a pqobkevhe˜i cia ta d ˜uo aut ˜a ˜etg, enait˜iar tym epid ˜oseym tgr tq ˜apefar, oi opo˜ier ˜gtam weiq ˜oteqer ap ˜o tir aqwij ˜er pqobk ˜exeir. To m ˜eo sw ˜edio pou upobk ˜ghgje tom Io ˜ukio 1997, jai basif ˜otam stgm pk ˜gqg «amtist ˜ahlisg» tou dame˜iou tgr EPFR jai stir ˜akker upoh ˜e- seir ˜osom avoq ˜a tir ejwyq ˜gseir stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u, paqousi ˜afei l˜ia bekt˜iysg tym apote- kesl ˜atym tgr tq ˜apefar ap ˜o to ˜etor 2000 se sw ˜esg le to sw ˜edio tou 1995 jai, jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, tym pkgqyl ˜ym dum ˜alei tgr q ˜gtqar ev ˜osom aut ˜g diatgqghe˜i. P˜imajar 6 Pkgqyl ˜er sto pka˜isio tgr q ˜gtqar epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg Epamejt˜ilgsg tou 1997 Pq ˜obkexg tou 1995 Diavoq ˜a (se ejatoll˜uqia FRF) 1995 1996 1997 P 1998 P 1999 P 2000 P 6 339 107 505 1 018 1 065 1 247 1 901 2 309 2 326 3 553 2 487 (333) (398) (47) (654) (17) + 1 066 Pgc˜g: Epiweiqglatij ˜a sw ˜edia tgr CL, cia ta ˜etg 1995 jai 1997. L˜ia t ˜etoia bekt˜iysg ha ˜epqepe ma amtistahl˜isei, le tgm epiv ˜ukang tgr diat ˜gqgsgr tgr q ˜gtqar, ta ekke˜illata ap ˜o tg lg pqaclatopo˜igsg tym aqwij ˜ym pkgqyl ˜ym. Yst ˜oso, to sw ˜edio pou upobk ˜g- hgje stgm Epitqop ˜g tom Io ˜ukio 1997 (bk ˜epe jatyt ˜eqy) av ˜gmei l˜ia alvibok˜ia swetij ˜a le tg diat ˜g- qgsg tgr q ˜gtqar ˜g tgm amtijat ˜astas ˜g tgr le j ˜apoia emakkajtij ˜g k ˜usg. e) G jatabok˜g leqisl˜atym sto jq˜ator l˜etowo. ˜Opyr jai cia tg q ˜gtqa, to cecom ˜or ˜oti g CL elv ˜amise apotek ˜eslata weiq ˜oteqa ap ˜o tir pqobk ˜exeir e˜iwe yr sum ˜epeia tg le˜iysg tym pkgqyl ˜ym leqisl ˜atym tgr CL sto jq ˜ator l ˜etowo jai tgr an˜iar tym letow ˜ym tou tekeuta˜iou, se sw ˜esg le tir aqwij ˜er ejtil ˜gseir. H Epitqop ˜g upemhul˜ifei ˜oti stgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr 95/547/EJ e˜iwe ejtil ˜gsei tgm an˜ia tou leqid˜iou tou jq ˜atour sta apotek ˜eslata tgr CL se 10 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja se paqo ˜user an˜ier. O aj ˜okouhor p˜imajar paqah ˜etei tir aqwij ˜er pqobk ˜exeir jai tir m ˜eer ejtil ˜gseir tym jahaq ˜ym apotekesl ˜atym tgr CL let ˜a tg q ˜gtqa. (11) Cia peqiss ˜oteqer keptol ˜eqeier ˜osom avoq ˜a tir epe˜icouser emisw ˜useir, g Epitqop ˜g paqap ˜elpei stgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr tou Septelbq˜iou 1996, pou dgloste ˜uhgje stgm Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida stir 24. 12. 1996. L 221/44 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 Jahaq ˜a apotek ˜eslata «leq˜idio tou ol˜ikou» tgr CL let ˜a tgm jatabok ˜g tym pos ˜ym b ˜asei tgr q ˜gtqar P˜imajar 7 Epamejt˜ilgsg 1997 Pq ˜obkexg tou 1995 Diavoq ˜a (se ejatoll˜uqia FRF) 1995 1996 1997 P 1998 P 1999 P 2000 P 13 659 202 912 (646) (710) 1 270 1 318 (48) 1 452 1 923 (471) 2 217 2 252 3 095 2 385 (35) + 710 Pgc˜g: Epiweiqglatij ˜a sw ˜edia tgr CL, cia to 1995 jai to 1997. st) Gwqgsilopo˜igsgtymes˜odymap˜otirejwyq˜gseircia tour sjopo˜ur tgr amadi˜aqhqysgr. a ˜ungsgr tou jevaka˜iou. En ˜akkou, g Epitqop ˜g epibebai ˜ymei tgm am ˜acjg t ˜gqgsgr de ˜uteqou ˜oqou. G CL am ˜eveqe ˜oti e˜iwe wqgsilopopoi ˜gsei 14,8 disejatoll ˜u- qia vq ˜acja ap ˜o to pqoˇi ˜om tym ejwyq ˜gseym pou pqaclato- poi ˜ghgjam cia tg wqglatod ˜otgsg tou sum ˜okou tym l ˜etqym ˜uxour 7,5 disejatolluq˜iym amadi ˜aqhqysgr sumokijo ˜u vq ˜acjym, to de up ˜okoipo e˜iwe epemduhe˜i se qeust ˜a diah ˜e- sila ˜g cia tgm amawqglatod ˜otgsg tou wq ˜eour. Sglei ˜ymetai yst ˜oso ˜oti g CL e˜iwe ep˜isgr epemd ˜usei peq˜ipou 254 ejatol- l ˜uqia vq ˜acja sto enyteqij ˜o. Oi epemd ˜useir aut ˜er ˜gtam lijqo ˜u lec ˜ehour jai dem amtipqosype ˜uoum paq ˜a to 1,7 % tym es ˜odym ap ˜o tir ejwyq ˜gseir pou pqaclatopoi ˜ghgjam ap ˜o tir aqw ˜er tou 1995. f) Gjat˜aqcgsgtymletaveq˜olemymvoqokocij˜ymekkeil- l˜atym se sw˜esg le tir emisw˜useir. B ˜asei tgr evaqloc ˜gr tym aqw ˜ym tou pkais˜iou emisw ˜useym cia tgm amadi ˜aqhqysg, g Epitqop ˜g e˜iwe epib ˜akei sto cakkij ˜o jq ˜ator ma jataqc ˜gsei tg dumat ˜otgta tgr CL ma epyveke˜itai ap ˜o tg letavoq ˜a tym voqokocij ˜ym tgr ekkeil- l ˜atym cia to pos ˜o tgr fgl˜iar to 1994 g opo˜ia jak ˜uvhgje le a ˜ungsg tou jevaka˜iou tgr jat ˜a 4,9 disejatoll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja. G Epitqop ˜g e˜iwe fgt ˜gsei ep˜isgr ap ˜o tir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er ma jataqcghe˜i g dumat ˜otgta letavoq ˜ar ˜akkym voqokocij ˜ym ekkeill ˜atym ej l ˜eqour tgr CL jat ˜a tg sticl ˜g tgr idiytijopo˜igsgr, ev ˜osom ˜ewei ejwyqghe˜i g q ˜gtqa epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg. ˜Osom avoq ˜a tom pq ˜yto ˜oqo, g CL am ˜eveqe ˜oti jat ˜a tg cm ˜ylg tgr dem avoqo ˜use paq ˜a l ˜omom tir fgl˜ier tou 1994 pou amtistoiwo ˜usam sto tl ˜gla tgr a ˜ungsgr tou jevaka˜iou pou wqglatodot ˜ghgje ap ˜o to jq ˜ator ap ˜o tgm Caisse des Dep(cid:147)ts et Consignations (3,75 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja). G ˜oti stgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr 95/547/EJ Epitqop ˜g paqatgqe˜i jat ˜ekgne ˜oti to s ˜umoko tgr paq ˜elbasgr tym let ˜owym tgr CL, sulpeqikalbamol ˜emou tou ol˜ikou Thomson, emt ˜or tou opo˜iou to jq ˜ator jate˜iwe pkeioxgvij ˜g sulletow ˜g, jai tou opo˜iou oi p ˜oqoi apoteko ˜um cia to k ˜oco aut ˜o jqatijo ˜ur p ˜oqour, s ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 92 paq ˜acqavor 1 tgr sumh ˜g- jgr EJ, ˜epqepe ma heyqghe˜i yr jqatij ˜g em˜iswusg. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, epibebai ˜ymei ˜oti o ˜oqor aut ˜or evaql ˜ofetai cia to sumokij ˜o pos ˜o tym 4,9 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym tgr 5. PAQOUSIASG TYM PAQATGQGSEYM TYM TQITYM LEQYM 5. 1 Paqatgq ˜gseir tq˜itym emdiaveqol ˜emym Sto pka˜isio tgr paqo ˜usar diadijas˜iar, g Epitqop ˜g ˜ekabe ta sw ˜okia tgr Soci(cid:130)t(cid:130) G(cid:130)n(cid:130)rale (sto en ˜gr SG) jai tym bqeta- mij ˜ym aqw ˜ym, le epistok ˜er tgr 21gr Iamouaq˜iou jai 23 Iamouaq˜iou 1997, amt˜istoiwa, oi opo˜ier diabib ˜astgjam stir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er jai stir opo˜ier oi tekeuta˜ier ap ˜amtgsam le epistok ˜er tgr 10gr jai 27gr Vebqouaq˜iou 1997. ˜Akka cqapt ˜a sw ˜okia k ˜gvhgjam ej l ˜eqour tgr «British Bankers’ Association» stir 19 Lai¨ou 1997, ap ˜o tgm «Nederlandse Vere- niging van Banken» stir 2 Iouk˜iou 1997 jai ap ˜o tgm «Bun- desverband deutscher Banken» stir 26 Auco ˜ustou 1997. Ta sw ˜okia aut ˜a yst ˜oso dem lpoqo ˜um ma kgvho ˜um up ˜oxg sto pka˜isio tgr paqo ˜usar diadijas˜iar, dedol ˜emou ˜oti diabib ˜a- stgjam let ˜a tgm ejpmo ˜g tym pqohesli ˜ym ap ˜amtgsgr pou pqobk ˜epomtai stgm amajo˜imysg tgr Epitqop ˜gr pou dglosi- e ˜uhgje stgm Ep˜isglgEvgleq˜idatymEuqypaˇij˜ymJoimot˜g- tym G SG apov ˜asise ma paqap ˜elxei sto Pqytodije˜io tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym tgm ap ˜ovasg tgr Epitqop ˜gr tou Septelbq˜iou 1996 swetij ˜a le tgm ˜ecjqisg tym epeicous ˜ym emisw ˜useym up ˜eq tgr CL, ˜opyr e˜iwe ˜gdg pq ˜anei le tgm ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ. ˜Osom avoq ˜a tir sulpkgqylatij ˜er emisw ˜useir amadi ˜aqhqy- sgr pou apoteko ˜um amtije˜ilemo tgr paqo ˜usar diadijas˜iar, g SG ejtil ˜a ˜oti g em˜iswusg dem pqooq˜ifetai ma dieujok ˜umei tgm am ˜aptung liar dqastgqi ˜otgtar up ˜o tgm ˜emmoia tou ˜aqhqou 92, paq ˜acqavor 3, stoiwe˜io c) tgr Sumh ˜gjgr, amacmyq˜ifomtar yst ˜oso ˜oti g pqooptij ˜g jai l ˜omo tgr jq˜isgr pou ha pqojako ˜use l˜ia pt ˜yweusg tgr CL dijaioko- ce˜i jai epib ˜akkei sto jq ˜ator, l ˜esy tgr dipk ˜gr tou aqlodi ˜o- tgtar yr let ˜owou jai upeuh ˜umou cia tgm asv ˜akeia tgr acoq ˜ar, ma k ˜abei ta jat ˜akkgka l ˜etqa cia tom evgsuwasl ˜o tym jatahet ˜ym jai tym diatqapefij ˜ym dameist ˜ym tou lec ˜a- kou auto ˜u idq ˜ulator. G SG heyqe˜i ˜oti g Epitqop ˜g pq ˜epei ma epib ˜akei stir cakki- j ˜er aqw ˜er tgm en ˜etasg emakkajtij ˜ym k ˜useym ekecw ˜olemgr ejjah ˜aqisgr jai tlglatij ˜gr p ˜ykgsgr. Lia t ˜etoia en ˜etasg dijaiokoce˜itai aj ˜ola peqiss ˜oteqo kalbamol ˜emou up ˜oxg 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/45 tou epamakalbam ˜olemou waqajt ˜gqa tgr em˜iswusgr. Ell ˜e- momtar stg basij ˜g aqw ˜g ˜oti g l ˜omg k ˜usg s ˜ulvyma le tg sumh ˜gjg bq˜isjetai se l˜ia ap ˜o tir emakkajtij ˜er pqot ˜aseir pou diatup ˜yhgjam amyt ˜eqy, g SG ejtil ˜a paq ˜akkgka ˜oti g Epitqop ˜g ha ˜epqepe ma apofgli ˜ysei tour amtacymist ˜er cia tir fgl˜ier tir opo˜ier up ˜estgsam epib ˜akkomtar ˜owi l ˜omo tgm ejw ˜yqgsg ˜okym tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym pou asje˜i sto enyte- qij ˜o g CL (sulpeqikalbamol ˜emym eje˜imym stir GPA jai stgm Motioamatokij ˜g As˜ia, pou e˜imai oi pk ˜eom apodotij ˜er) akk ˜a ep˜isgr jai tgm ejw ˜yqgsg tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym pou asjo ˜umtai stg Cakk˜ia ˜opyr e˜imai g diawe˜iqisg t˜itkym (sukkocij ˜g ˜g atolij ˜g) cia kocaqiasl ˜o tq˜itym, oi huca- tqij ˜er jatamakytij ˜gr p˜istgr jai asv ˜akisgr fy ˜gr ˜g aj ˜olg oqisl ˜ema tl ˜glata tou ˜idiou tou kiamijo ˜u dijt ˜uou. Sto ˜idio pme ˜ula, g SG amav ˜eqei ˜oti g st ˜gqing tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym jai tgr Epitqop ˜gr cia tir lei ˜yseir pqosypijo ˜u tgr CL dem ha apoteko ˜use cia to em k ˜ocy ˜idqula upowqeytij ˜o ˜oqo cia tg woq ˜gcgsg wqglatodotij ˜ym emisw ˜useym akk ˜a l ˜akkom sulpkgqylatij ˜g loqv ˜g em˜iswusgr, sto bahl ˜o pou g st ˜gqing aut ˜g dem ha dim ˜otam stir idiytij ˜er tq ˜apefer, oi opo˜ier le tom tq ˜opo aut ˜o dem ha lpoqo ˜usam ma ameb ˜asoum tgm apodotij ˜otgt ˜a tour sto ep˜ipedo tym euqypa˜iym amta- cymist ˜ym tour. T ˜ekor, g SG evist ˜a tgm pqosow ˜g tgr Epitqop ˜gr stour ˜oqour tgr lekkomtij ˜gr idiytijopo˜igsgr tgr CL, juq˜iyr sto sw ˜edio em˜iswusgr tou sumtekest ˜g veqeccu ˜otgtar tgr tq ˜apefar peq˜ipou l ˜ewqi 6 % se «tier one» (dgkad ˜g o «jahaq ˜or» ˜g pqaclatij ˜or sumtekest ˜gr ep ˜aqjeiar tym id˜iym jevaka˜iym up ˜o tgm austgq ˜g ˜emmoia tou ˜oqou) pqim ap ˜o tgm idiytijo- po˜igsg aut ˜g, pq ˜ang pou ha apoteko ˜use pok ˜u sobaq ˜g stq ˜e- bkysg tou amtacymislo ˜u, dedol ˜emym tym epipt ˜yseym pou ha ˜ewei stg bahlok ˜ocgsg tym oqcamisl ˜ym aniok ˜ocgsgr tgr pistokgptij ˜gr ijam ˜otgtar jai se s ˜ucjqisg le tgm idiytijo- po˜igsg tgr SG to 1987 le sumtekest ˜g veqeccu ˜otgtar l ˜omo 3 %, tom opo˜io jat ˜oqhyse ma aun ˜gsei se 6 % let ˜a ap ˜o 10 wq ˜omia. Oi bqetamij ˜er aqw ˜er upostgq˜ifoum tgm eir b ˜ahor ˜eqeuma tgr Epitqop ˜gr jai paqatgqo ˜um ˜oti g epam ˜akgxg tgr em˜iswusgr lpoqe˜i ma pqojak ˜esei pqosdoj˜ier lekkomtij ˜ym emisw ˜useym ap ˜o to «management» dio˜ijgsgr tgr tq ˜apefar, pou lpoqe˜i ma ˜ewei stqebkytij ˜er sum ˜epeier cia tom amtacymisl ˜o. Tom˜i- foum ep˜isgr tgm am ˜acjg sobaq ˜ym jai ousiastij ˜ym amtipa- qow ˜ym ej l ˜eqour tgr CL cia ˜oker tir dqastgqi ˜otgter tgr tq ˜apefar oi opo˜ier dem e˜imai apok ˜utyr amacja˜ier cia tg biysil ˜otgta tym basij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym. Pqor to sjop ˜o aut ˜o, pqote˜imoum ma aqai ˜ysoum wqomij ˜a oi lekkomtij ˜er emisw ˜u- seir jai ma enaqtghe˜i g ˜ecjqis ˜g tour ap ˜o tgm ukopo˜igsg tym l ˜etqym amadi ˜aqhqysgr jai ap ˜o tir amtipaqow ˜er. 5. 2 Paqatgq ˜gseir tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym jai tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais. co ˜u Madelin tgr 18gr Iouk˜iou 1995, pou joimopoi ˜ghgje stgm tq ˜apefa aqjeto ˜ur l ˜gmer let ˜a tgm apostok ˜g tgr stgm Epitqop ˜g, dem oq˜ifei se jal˜ia peq˜iptysg tgm gleqolgm˜ia amavoq ˜ar pou pq ˜epei ma kgvhe˜i up ˜oxg jai ˜oti g amadi ˜aq- hqysg tgr tq ˜apefar e˜iwe aqw˜isei ap ˜o to t ˜ekor tou 1993. Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er swok˜iasam tgm epistok ˜g tgr SG pou tour joimopo˜igse g Epitqop ˜g tom˜ifomtar ˜oti ˜asjgsam pk ˜gqyr tg dipk ˜g aqlodi ˜otgta tou let ˜owou jai tou helatov ˜ukaja, pou tour amacm ˜yqise g SG, jat ˜a tgm joimopo˜igsg tym epei- cous ˜ym emisw ˜useym. Alvisb ˜gtgsam tgm am ˜akusg tgr SG jai tym bqetamij ˜ym aqw ˜ym swetij ˜a le to stqebkytij ˜o waqajt ˜gqa tym epeicous ˜ym emisw ˜useym jai tgm am ˜acjg ˜oti g CL e˜iwe amtipaqow ˜ym, stgqif ˜olemer sto cecom ˜or sobaq ˜a peqioqiste˜i sto pka˜isio tou swed˜iou amadi ˜aqhqy- sgr tou 1995 jai ˜oti sto m ˜eo sw ˜edio amadi ˜aqhqysgr ha pqobkep ˜otam lia amadioqc ˜amysg c ˜uqy ap ˜o ˜ema peqioqi- sl ˜emo puq ˜gma dqastgqiot ˜gtym. Upeqasp˜istgjam yst ˜oso tgm amacjai ˜otgta tym emisw ˜useym amadi ˜aqhqysgr, juq˜iyr le tgm loqv ˜g «amtist ˜ahlisgr» tou dame˜iou CL-EPFR akk ˜a jai l˜ia emdew ˜olemg a ˜ungsg tou jevaka˜iou tgr tq ˜apefar, to pos ˜o tgr opo˜iar ha ˜gtam amacja˜io cia ma enasvakiste˜i g biysil ˜otgta tgr tq ˜apefar jai pou ha ˜gtam austgq ˜a am ˜akoco le tir wqglatodotij ˜er am ˜acjer tgr CL stgm pqoo- ptij ˜g tgr tawe˜iar idiytijopo˜igs ˜gr tgr. Am ˜eveqam ep˜isgr ˜oti sto pka˜isio tgr en ˜etasgr tym ˜oqym tgr wqglatodotij ˜gr st ˜gqingr pqor tgm tq ˜apefa ha k ˜aboum up ˜oxg tgm am ˜acjg jatamol ˜gr tym jqatij ˜ym eisvoq ˜ym se sum ˜aqtgsg le tgm t ˜gqgsg ej l ˜eqour tgr tqap ˜efgr tym st ˜owym pou pqobk ˜epo- mtai sto stqatgcij ˜o tgr pq ˜ocqalla. 5. 3 Paqatgq ˜gseir tgr Epitqop ˜gr swetij ˜a le ta sw ˜okia pou upobk ˜ghgjam. Ta sw ˜okia tym tq˜itym leq ˜ym enet ˜afomtai sta ep ˜olema tl ˜glata tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr. Sta sw ˜okia tgr CL g Epitqop ˜g pqo ˜ebg stir en ˜gr paqatgq ˜g- seir: ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm gleqolgm˜ia jat ˜a tgm opo˜ia g CL emgl ˜eqyse tir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er cia tgm epide˜imysg tgr wqglatooijomolij ˜gr jat ˜astasgr tgr tq ˜apefar jai cia tgm am ˜acjg paq ˜elbasgr st ˜gqingr ej l ˜eqour tou jq ˜atour, g Epitqop ˜g kup ˜atai cia tg sulpeqivoq ˜a tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym, oi opo˜ier ap ˜ejquxam tgm pqaclatij ˜g jat ˜astasg tgr tq ˜apefar, em ˜y e˜iwam tgm upowq ˜eysg ma upob ˜akkoum stgm Epitqop ˜g tajtij ˜er ejh ˜eseir cia tgm poqe˜ia tou swed˜iou pou e˜iwe ecjq˜imei g tekeuta˜ia tom Io ˜ukio 1995. Aj ˜ola jai am to cecom ˜or aut ˜o dem avaiqe˜i t˜ipota ap ˜o tgm amacjai ˜otgta tym emisw ˜useym pou em ˜ejqime g Epitqop ˜g to Sept ˜elbqio 1996, dedol ˜emou idia˜iteqa tou cecom ˜otor ˜oti g Epitqop ˜g dem lpoqo ˜use ma apojke˜isei emtek ˜yr tom j˜imdumo dqalatij ˜ym epipt ˜yseym cia tgm CL se peq˜iptysg lg woq ˜g- cgsgr tym emisw ˜useym, e˜imai sav ˜er ˜oti oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er ˜epqepe ma e˜iwam joimopoi ˜gsei tir em k ˜ocy emisw ˜useir pqim ap ˜o aqjet ˜o wqomij ˜o di ˜astgla. Se epistok ˜g tgr 6gr Dejelbq˜iou 1996, o pq ˜oedqor tgr CL pkgqov ˜oqgse tgm Epitqop ˜g ˜oti e˜iwe emgleq ˜ysei tgm jub ˜eq- mgsg cia tgm pqobkep ˜olemg jat ˜astasg ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm wq ˜gsg 1996, aqjet ˜a ˜ecjaiqa stg di ˜aqjeia tou id˜iou ˜etour jai ej m ˜eou tom Io ˜ukio amav ˜eqomtar tgm am ˜acjg tawe˜iar k ˜gxgr ap ˜ovasgr. Alvisb ˜gtgse ep˜isgr tgm gleqolgm˜ia amavoq ˜ar cia tg le˜iysg tgr elpoqij ˜gr paqous˜iar tgr CL ejt ˜or tgr Cakk˜iar amav ˜eqomtar ˜oti g epistok ˜g tou upouq- Swetij ˜a le tgm gleqolgm˜ia amavoq ˜ar cia tgm aniok ˜ocgsg tgr le˜iysgr tgr elpoqij ˜gr paqous˜iar tgr CL sto enyteqij ˜o, g Epitqop ˜g dem lpoqe˜i ma apodewhe˜i ap ˜o molij ˜g ˜apoxg tgm gleqolgm˜ia tgr 1gr Iamouaq˜iou 1994 pou pqote˜imei g Cr(cid:130)dit ˜oti oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er dem e˜iwam Lyonnais. Sglei ˜ymetai joimopoi ˜gsei stgm Epitqop ˜g to 1994 tgm pq ˜ytg paq ˜elbasg tou jq ˜atour up ˜eq tgr CL jai ˜oti to sw ˜edio amadi ˜aqhqysgr upobk ˜ghgje stgm L 221/46 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 Epitqop ˜g, let ˜a ap ˜o a˜itgs ˜g tgr, to 1995 jai avo ˜u e˜iwe ˜gdg tehe˜i se evaqloc ˜g ˜ema m ˜eo sw ˜edio emisw ˜useym. To cecom ˜or ˜oti oi ˜oqoi tgr epistok ˜gr tou upouqco ˜u Madelin tgr 18gr Iouk˜iou 1995 e˜iwam joimopoighe˜i ep˜isgla stgm CL le jahu- st ˜eqgsg dem apoteke˜i ait˜ia amtit ˜anilg stgm Epitqop ˜g. Upemhul˜ifetai en ˜akkou ˜oti g pk ˜eom jat ˜akkgkg molij ˜g b ˜asg cia tom oqisl ˜o tgr gleqolgm˜iar jat ˜a tgm opo˜ia g upowq ˜e- ysg aut ˜g ha ˜epqepe ma ˜ewei tgqghe˜i e˜imai p ˜amtote g epistok ˜g tou upouqco ˜u Madelin tgr 18gr Iouk˜iou 1995, stgm opo˜ia oi k ˜eneir «l ˜ewqi to t ˜ekor tom 1998» «d’ici fin 1998» dem av ˜gmoum peqih ˜yqia alvisb ˜gtgsgr. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, cia ma ejtilghe˜i g le˜iysg tgr elpoqij ˜gr paqous˜iar tgr CL sto enyteqij ˜o, g Epitqop ˜g kalb ˜amei yr amavoq ˜a tg sulletow ˜g stir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1994 tym diav ˜o- qym ceycqavij ˜ym fym ˜ym sto s ˜umoko tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr tq ˜apefar ˜opyr aut ˜g elvam˜ifetai stgm et ˜gsia ˜ejhesg tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais, o de isokocisl ˜or tou t ˜ekour tou 1994 amti- pqosype ˜uei, up ˜o tir sumh ˜gjer aut ˜er, tgm l ˜omg jai tekeu- ta˜ia dgl ˜osia amtijeilemij ˜g b ˜asg pou lpoqe˜i ma kgvhe˜i up ˜oxg. 6. TO SWEDIO AMADIAQHQYSGS POU UPEBAKAM OI CAKKIJES AQWES TOM IOUKIO TOU 1997 6. 1 J ˜uqia waqajtgqistij ˜a tou swed˜iou amadi ˜aqhqysgr To sw ˜edio pou upobk ˜ghgje stgm Epitqop ˜g tom Io ˜ukio tou 1997 jataqt˜istgje le sjop ˜o to pqoodeutij ˜o ˜amoicla tou jevaka˜iou tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais, pou e˜iwe jai’ aqw ˜gm apova- siste˜i ap ˜o to cakkij ˜o jq ˜ator sto pka˜isio tou pqogco ˜ule- mou swed˜iou amadi ˜aqhqysgr to opo˜io e˜iwe ecjqihe˜i ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g to 1995. Bas˜ifetai se ˜ema lajqooijomolij ˜o pka˜i- sio waqajtgqif ˜olemo ap ˜o l ˜esg a ˜ungsg tou ajah ˜aqistou ecw ˜yqiou pqoˇi ˜omtor tgr Cakk˜iar 2,3 % jai pkghyqisl ˜o 2 % etgs˜iyr. G stqatgcij ˜g stgq˜ifetai se d ˜uo lec ˜akour ˜anomer dqastgqiot ˜gtym: avem ˜or lia tq ˜apefa idiyt ˜ym, epaccekla- ti ˜ym jai LLE stg Cakk˜ia jai avet ˜eqou lia tq ˜apefa etaiqe˜ier jai «womdqij ˜gr» apeuhum ˜olemg se lec ˜aker heslij ˜a ˜oqcama stir sglamtij ˜oteqer peqiow ˜er tou j ˜oslou sulpeqikalbamol ˜emgr tgr Cakk˜iar jai tgr Euq ˜ypgr. Oi d ˜uo auto˜i ˜anomer ha sumew˜isoum ma bas˜ifomtai stgm pe˜iqa tgr CL ˜osom avoq ˜a tir dqastgqi ˜otgter wqglatacoq ˜ar, wqgla- tod ˜otgsgr jai diawe˜iqisgr peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym cia kocaqiasl ˜o tq˜itym, tir opo˜ier g tq ˜apefa pqot˜ihetai ma diatgq ˜gsei. Ejt ˜or auto ˜u to sw ˜edio jatastq ˜yhgje le b ˜asg tir en ˜gr upoh ˜eseir: — pk ˜gqgr «amtist ˜ahlisg» tym jahaq ˜ym en ˜odym wqglato- d ˜otgsgr tou dame˜iou tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais stgm EPFR, — ejw ˜yqgsg em ˜or sglamtijo ˜u l ˜eqour tym euqypaˇij ˜ym dqastgqiot ˜gtym kiamij ˜gr tgr tq ˜apefar, — epamep ˜emdusg tou pqoˇi ˜omtor tgr ejw ˜yqgsgr se ˜alesa qeustopoi ˜gsila stoiwe˜ia. To sw ˜edio tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym ˜gtam swetij ˜a sumtgqgtij ˜o ap ˜o ˜apoxg am ˜aptungr jai aposjopo ˜use juq˜iyr stgm apojat ˜astasg tgr apodotij ˜otgtar tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais. To jahaq ˜o tqapefij ˜o pqoˇi ˜om (JTP) jamomij ˜a ha paqous˜iafe lia cemij ˜oteqg stasil ˜otgta omolastij ˜a se sw ˜esg le to 1996 se emopoigl ˜emo ep˜ipedo (kalbamol ˜emym up ˜oxg tym ejwyq ˜gseym) jai oi cemij ˜er dap ˜amer ha lei ˜ymomtam jat ˜a 4 disejatoll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja, le apot ˜ekesla o sumteke- st ˜gr ejlet ˜akkeusgr tgr tq ˜apefar (cemij ˜er dap ˜amer pqor JTP) ma leiyhe˜i ap ˜o 79 % to 1996, se 70 % to 2000, dgkad ˜g se ep˜ipedo am ˜akoco le eje˜imo tym j ˜uqiym c ˜akkym amtacy- mist ˜ym tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais dgkad ˜g tgr Societe Generale jai tgr BMQ. Stgm pqaclatij ˜otgta, to sw ˜edio pqo ˜ebkepe am ˜ajalxg tou jahaqo ˜u tqapefijo ˜u pqoˇi ˜omtor to opo˜io let ˜a ap ˜o lia amalem ˜olemg sobaq ˜g pt ˜ysg to 1997 (–7 % se an˜ia, dgkad ˜g swed ˜om –9 % se ˜ocjo), ha pq ˜epei ma staheqopoighe˜i to 1998 jai ma aunghe˜i jai p ˜aki to 1998 jai 1999. G am ˜ajalxg aut ˜g pq ˜epei ma c˜imei aishgt ˜g ap ˜o to 1998 stir dqastgqi ˜otgter tgr tq ˜apefar em ˜y cia to s ˜umoko tou ol˜ikou ha elvamiste˜i pqor to t ˜ekor tgr peqi ˜odou aut ˜gr kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg tir ejwyq ˜gseir pou pqobk ˜epomtam cia to euqypaˇij ˜o d˜ijtuo. P˜imajar 8 (ejat. FRF) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 44 509 35 049 79 % 41 404 33 059 80 % 56 748 50 773 1 593 107 3 377 1 018 3,9 % 40 626 7,9 % 42 565 4,56 4,93 [. ] [. ] 77 % [. ] 3 608 [. ] [. ] [. ] 4,91 [. ] [. ] 74 % [. ] 5 468 [. ] [. ] [. ] 5,07 [. ] [. ] 70 % [. ] 7 640 [. ] [. ] [. ] 5,39 Jahaq ˜o tqap. pqoˇi ˜om Cemij ˜er dap ˜am. jai aposb ˜eseir Sumtekest ˜gr ejlet ˜akkeusgr Pqosypij ˜o Jahaq ˜o apot ˜ekesla (pqo q ˜gtqar EUJ) Ap ˜odosg ep˜i tym id˜iym jevaka˜iym — pqo q ˜gtqar EUJ ˜Idia «jev ˜akaia Tier one» Sumtekest ˜gr «Tier one» Pgc˜g: cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, sw ˜edio upobkgh ˜em stgm Epitqop ˜g 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/47 G bekt˜iysg tou ek ˜ecwou tym jimd ˜umym pou ejvq ˜afetai le le˜iysg tou pososto ˜u pq ˜obkexgr(12) ap ˜o 0,78 % se 0,55 % ha pq ˜epei jat ˜a to wqomij ˜o aut ˜o di ˜astgla ma sulb ˜akei sglamtij ˜a stgm en ˜eking tym apotekesl ˜atym. G tq ˜apefa, ˜olyr pqo ˜ebkepe juq˜iyr d ˜uo j ˜uqier letabkgt ˜er dq ˜asgr pou ha ep ˜etqepam tgm apojat ˜astasg tym peqihyq˜iym jai tgr apodotij ˜otgt ˜ar tgr: i) idia˜iteqa sglamtij˜g le˜iysg tym dapam˜ym ejlet˜akkeusgr sto cakkij˜o d˜ijtuo Cia lia tq ˜apefa ˜opyr g Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais, e˜imai sglamtij ˜o ma diah ˜etei lia ehmij ˜g acoq ˜a amavoq ˜ar. G ehmij ˜g acoq ˜a tgr tq ˜apefar ove˜ikei ma tgr enasvak˜ifei ˜ema swetij ˜a staheq ˜o j ˜ujko eqcasi ˜ym. E˜imai fytij ˜gr sglas˜iar cia tgm tq ˜apefa ma sucjatak ˜ecetai letan ˜u tym pk ˜eom jeqdov ˜oqym voq ˜eym tgr cakkij ˜gr acoq ˜ar ˜etsi ˜yste ma e˜imai se h ˜esg ma epit ˜uwei peqih ˜yqia j ˜eqdour pou emisw ˜uoum to q ˜oko upost ˜gqingr jai stqatgcij ˜gr b ˜asgr, tgr ecw ˜yqiar acoq ˜ar. Pqojeil ˜emou, le tgm peq ˜atysg tou swed˜iou, ma dioqhyhe˜i to pq ˜obkgla tgr amijam ˜otgtar tgr tq ˜apefar ma epit ˜uwei ijamopoigtij ˜a j ˜eqdg stg Cakk˜ia g Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais ha pq ˜epei ma epit ˜uwei ej m ˜eou sglamtij ˜a peqih ˜yqia stgm ehmij ˜g tgr acoq ˜a, dgkad ˜g stir dqastgqi ˜otgter kiamij ˜gr tqapefij ˜gr, jai ma epyvekghe˜i ta l ˜ecista ap ˜o tir taleiaj ˜er tgr qo ˜er. P˜imajar 9 Sglamtij ˜er pqosp ˜aheier sto cakkij ˜o d˜ijtuo 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Letabok ˜g 1996-2000 (se disejatoll˜uqia FRF) Jahaq ˜o tqapefij ˜o pqoˇi ˜om ˜Enoda pqosypijo ˜u 22,4 7,8 21,5 7,5 Aqihl ˜or eqcafol ˜emym tgr CL SA (Cakk˜ia) 34 339 32 454 [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] Pgc˜g: cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er To sw ˜edio pqobk ˜epei di ˜avoqa s ˜umoka l ˜etqym pou aposjopo ˜um stgm apojat ˜astasg tgr h ˜esgr tgr CL stg cakkij ˜g acoq ˜a. ˜Ema sw ˜edio amadi ˜atangr («reingeneering») ˜okym tym diadijasi ˜ym k ˜gxeyr apov ˜aseym (sw ˜edia le tom t˜itko «pq ˜ojkgsg») ha odgc ˜gsei stgm ej b ˜ahqym amadi ˜aqhqysg tym elpoqij ˜ym dqastgqiot ˜gtym tgr tq ˜apefar jai tgr akus˜idar epeneqcas˜iar pkgqovoqi ˜ym em ˜y ha teho ˜um se evaqloc ˜g m ˜ea l ˜esa ejt˜ilgsgr tym amakalbam ˜olemym jimd ˜umym stom tol ˜ea tym dame˜iym pqor LLE. Lia sulvym˜ia pou sum ˜avhgje le tg Cetelem, eidijeu ˜olemg sta jatamakytij ˜a d ˜ameia, ha epitq ˜exei stgm CL ma amaptuwhe˜i se aut ˜o tom tol ˜ea jatamakytij ˜ym dame˜iym, stom opo˜io l ˜ewqi s ˜gleqa juqiaqwo ˜usam eneidijeul ˜ema idq ˜ulata. T ˜ekor, g CL ha aqw˜isei ma pqosv ˜eqei tqapefij ˜er upgqes˜ier l ˜esy tgkev ˜ymou pqojeil ˜emou ma bekti ˜ysei tgm epav ˜g le tour idi ˜yter pek ˜ater tgr. To sw ˜edio pou up ˜ebakam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er peqikalb ˜amei ˜ema sglamtij ˜o «joimymij ˜o» sj ˜ekor. Le to tq˜ito joimymij ˜o pq ˜ocqalla pou nej˜imgse sta l ˜esa tou 1996, to opo˜io ha evaqloste˜i jkilajyt ˜a l ˜ewqi ta t ˜ekg tou 1998, pqobk ˜epetai le˜iysg tou pqosypijo ˜u jat ˜a 5 000 ˜atola juq˜iyr le tg le˜iysg tou aqihlo ˜u eqcafol ˜emym sto lgtqopokitij ˜o d˜ijtuo tgr tq ˜apefar. Oi lei ˜yseir pqosypijo ˜u avoqo ˜um t ˜oso to d˜ijtuo (3 140 ˜atola) ˜oso jai tir keitouqcij ˜er lom ˜ader tgr tq ˜apefar (1 860 ˜atola). G le˜iysg aut ˜g dem pq ˜ojeitai, s ˜ulvyma le to sw ˜edio pou upobk ˜ghgje stgm Epitqop ˜g, ma lei ˜ysei sglamtij ˜a to elpoqij ˜o dumalij ˜o tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais, akk ˜a aposjope˜i juq˜iyr stg le˜iysg tou j ˜ostour jai tg bekt˜iysg tou sumtekest ˜g ejlet ˜akkeusgr. P˜imajar 10 Diadowij ˜a pqocq ˜allata le˜iysgr tom pqosypijo ˜u Sw ˜edio 1 ap ˜o 30. 3. 1994 ˜eyr 30. 3. 1995 Sw ˜edio 2 ap ˜o 30. 3. 1995 ˜eyr 30. 6. 1996 Sw ˜edio 3 ap ˜o 30. 6. 1996 ˜eyr 31. 12. 1998 Sulpkgqylatij ˜er lei ˜yseir pqosypijo ˜u 1999-2000 Pgc˜g: cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er Le˜iysg pqosypijo ˜u 1 124 2 398 [. ] [. ] (12) Posost ˜o upokocif ˜olemou b ˜asei tou de˜ijtg stahlisl ˜emym pqobk ˜exeym/apait ˜gseym. L 221/48 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 Let ˜a to 1998, pqobk ˜epomtai jai sulpkgqylatij ˜er lei ˜yseir tou pqosypijo ˜u to 1999 jai 2000, jat ˜a [. ] ˜atola, ej tym opo˜iym [. ] ap ˜o to d˜ijtuo tym upojatastgl ˜atym jai [. ] ap ˜o tir keitouqcij ˜er lom ˜ader stir tq ˜apefer. Sumokij ˜a, se sw ˜esg le ta t ˜ekg tou 1996, to pqosypij ˜o tgr CL ha ˜ewei leiy- he˜i stg Cakk˜ia jat ˜a [. ] (jai jat ˜a [. ] se emopoigl ˜emo ep˜ipedo am e˜iwam up ˜oxg oi ejwyq ˜gseir hucatqij ˜ym). Oi lei ˜yseir tou pqosypijo ˜u ha odgco ˜usam se oijomol˜ier ˜osom avoq ˜a ta ˜enoda pqosypijo ˜u ˜uxour 9 % sto cakkij ˜o d˜ijtuo cia tgm peq˜iodo pou jak ˜uptei to sw ˜edio, sulb ˜akkomtar ˜etsi sglamtij ˜a stg le˜iysg tym dapam ˜ym jai tgm apojat ˜astasg tym peqihyq˜iym tgr CL. P˜imajar 11 En ˜eking tou aqihlo ˜u eqcaol ˜emym stg Cakk˜ia Apaswoko ˜ulemo pqosypij ˜o 31. 12. 1997 31. 12. 1998 31. 12. 1999 31. 12. 2000 Letabok ˜g Cakk˜ia (DCAF) Akko ˜u S ˜umoko Pgc˜g: cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er 25 520 6 934 32 454 [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] To sw ˜edio aut ˜o pqobk ˜epei tgm oqhokocistij ˜g di ˜aqhqysg tou dijt ˜uou sgle˜iym p ˜ykgsgr stg Cakk˜ia, le to jke˜isilo 243 ekkeillatij ˜ym upojatastgl ˜atym to 1997 jai 1998 (ep˜i sum ˜okou 1 954 upojatastgl ˜atym cia idi ˜yter to 1996), jai tgm amas ˜ustasg tou dijt ˜uou elpoqij ˜ym j ˜emtqym jai sgle˜iym p ˜ykgsgr pqor epacceklat˜ier (Bk ˜epe paqaj ˜aty p˜imaja 12). Sumokij ˜a, to wqomij ˜o di ˜astgla 1996-2000, o aqihl ˜or tym huq˜idym tgr lgtqij ˜gr etaiqe˜iar stg Cakk˜ia ha leiyhe˜i ap ˜o 2 100 se 1 750, dgkad ˜g swed ˜om jat ˜a 17 %. B ˜asei tym pkgqovoqi ˜ym pou g CL up ˜ebake stgm tq ˜apefa-s ˜ulbouko tgr Epitqop ˜gr, p ˜amtyr, o sumokij ˜or aqihl ˜or tym sgle˜iym p ˜ykgsgr tgr CL sto cakkij ˜o tgr d˜ijtuo ha leiym ˜otam, ap ˜o 2 298 sta t ˜ekg tou 1996 se 2 146 sta t ˜ekg tou 2000, dgkad ˜g l ˜omo jat ˜a 6,6 %. G diavoq ˜a aut ˜g letan ˜u tym stoiwe˜iym pou up ˜ebake g CL tom Io ˜ukio stgm Epitqop ˜g jai tym stoiwe˜iym pou ˜edyse aqc ˜oteqa va˜imetai ˜oti ove˜iketai sto e ˜uqor tym desle ˜use ˜ym tgr to opo˜io, stgm eis ˜gcgsg tgr CL, peqikalb ˜amei ˜oka ta sgle˜ia p ˜ykgsgr tgr CL stg Cakk˜ia, dgkad ˜g tgr lgtqij ˜gr epiwe˜iqgsgr jai tym hucatqij ˜ym. Aut ˜o to s ˜umoko l ˜etqym ha pq ˜epei ma odgc ˜gsei stgm apojat ˜astasg tym peqihyq˜iym tou cakkijo ˜u dijt ˜uou. St ˜owor tgr tq ˜apefar e˜imai g a ˜ungsg tym jahaq ˜ym apotekesl ˜atym tgr DCAF (Direction centrale des activit(cid:130)s France — cemij ˜g die ˜uhumsg dqastgqiot ˜gtym Cakk˜iar) ap ˜o 1 se 4,3 disejatoll ˜u- qia vq ˜acja l ˜ewqi to 2000. E ˜am aut ˜o epiteuwhe˜i, g CL dem ha ˜ewei apk ˜yr apojatast ˜gsei tg sulle- tow ˜g tou dijt ˜uou tgr Cakk˜iar sta sumokij ˜a apotek ˜eslata, se sw ˜esg le tom j ˜ujko eqcasi ˜ym pou sglei ˜ymei, akk ˜a ha ˜ewei jatast ˜gsei tir dqastgqi ˜otgter stg Cakk˜ia tir apodotij ˜oteqer tou ol˜ikou. P˜imajar 12 En ˜eking tou dijt ˜uou upojatastgl ˜atym, Cakk˜ia Sgle˜ia p ˜ykgsgr 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Sw ˜edio tym aqw ˜ym, Io ˜ukior 1997 2 100 Letabok ˜g ap ˜o to 1996, % Stoiwe˜ia tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais Letabok ˜g to 1996, % Jatamol ˜g Idi ˜yter 2 475 2 385 2 298 2 248 2 146 2 146 2 146 –6,6 % 2 063 2 010 1 954 1 924 1 899 1 899 1 899 Epacceklat˜ier Epiw. J ˜emtqa jai ˜anomer 215 197 215 160 201 143 181 143 136 111 136 111 136 111 Pgc˜g: cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er jai stoiwe˜ia diabibash ˜emta ap ˜o tgm CL stgm tq ˜apefa-s ˜ulbouko tgr Epitqop ˜gr. 1 750 –16,7 % 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/49 Ap ˜o lia am ˜akusg euaishgs˜iar pou pqaclatopo˜igse g CL pqoj ˜uptei ˜oti am ta jatamakytij ˜a d ˜ameia aungho ˜um le quhl ˜o d ˜uo voq ˜er bqad ˜uteqo ap ˜o to pqobkep ˜olemo, am g sulbok ˜g tym m ˜eym swed˜iym cia tg wqglatod ˜otgsg tou JTP tgr tq ˜apefar (cia tgm DCAF) ˜gtam d ˜uo voq ˜er lijq ˜o- teqg ap ˜o to pqobkep ˜olemo jai am g le˜iysg tou pososto ˜u pq ˜obkexgr ˜gtam lijq ˜oteqg ap ˜o to pqobkep ˜olemo, g sulbok ˜g tou dijt ˜uou Cakk˜iar sta sumokij ˜a apotek ˜eslata ha leiym ˜otam lem jat ˜a to ˜glisu akk ˜a ha paq ˜eleme hetij ˜g. ii) amtist˜ahlisg tou dame˜iou pqor tgm EPFR. Letan ˜u ˜akkym, to pq ˜ocqalla di ˜asysgr tgr CL to 1995, pqo ˜ebkepe ˜oti g Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais ha wqglatodoto ˜use to lgwamisl ˜o diawyqislo ˜u le d ˜ameio ˜uxour 145 disejatollu- q˜iym vq ˜acjym pqor tgm EPFR le eumoˇij ˜o epit ˜ojio, walgk ˜o- teqo ap ˜o to epit ˜ojio tgr acoq ˜ar. Le tom tq ˜opo aut ˜o to jq ˜ator, to opo˜io v ˜eqei tgm tekij ˜g euh ˜umg tgr ejjah ˜aqisgr tym fgli ˜ym tgr CDR le tg dialesok ˜abgsg tgr EPFR, ha lpoqo ˜use w ˜aqg sto d ˜ameio aut ˜o ma ekavq ˜umei to j ˜ostor wqglatod ˜otgsgr tym peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym tgr CL pou letabib ˜astgjam sto CDR. To tekij ˜o sw ˜edio pqo ˜ebkepe, ˜opyr pqoamav ˜eqhgje, epit ˜ojio enupgq ˜etgsgr tou dame˜iou tgr CL pqor tg EPFR 7 % to 1995, to opo˜io ap ˜o to 1996 jai let ˜a ha isodumalo ˜use le to 85 % tou TLL (bqawupq ˜oheslo epit ˜ojio tgr wqglata- coq ˜ar). To cakkij ˜o jq ˜ator heyqo ˜use ˜oti up ˜gqwe j ˜apoio pkeom ˜ejtgla stgm jat ˜astasg aut ˜g: cia tgm EPFR, to pkeo- m ˜ejtgla lpoqe˜i ma ejtilghe˜i etgs˜iyr b ˜asei tgr diavoq ˜ar letan ˜u tou bqawupq ˜oheslou epitoj˜iou tou dame˜iou tgr CL jai tou lajqopq ˜oheslou epitoj˜iou b ˜asei tou opo˜iou ha ˜epqepe ma amawqglatodotghe˜i se peq˜iptysg pou dem up ˜gqwe to d ˜ameio aut ˜o, jai s ˜gleqa e˜imai 2,5 ˜eyr 3 % etgs˜iyr tou epitoj˜iou pou isw ˜uei cia to up ˜okoipo tou dame˜iou. To 1997, aut ˜o to pkeom ˜ejtgla epitoj˜iou tou lgwa- mislo ˜u pou h ˜espise to jq ˜ator am ˜gkhe se 2,8 ˜eyr 3,3 diseja- toll ˜uqia vq ˜acja cia tgm EPFR, kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg to upokeip ˜olemo d ˜ameio. Amt˜iheta, cia tg CL to d ˜ameio aut ˜o pou bas˜ifetai jat ˜a ˜ema l ˜eqor se upowqe ˜yseir amawqglato- d ˜otgsgr pou amak ˜gvhgjam le uxgk ˜oteqo epit ˜ojio amac ˜o- lemo stgm peq˜iodo pqim ap ˜o tg diadijas˜ia diawyqislo ˜u tou 1995, amtipqosype ˜uei epib ˜aqumsg jai aqmgtij ˜g sulbok ˜g sta apotek ˜eslata ejlet ˜akkeusgr tgr tq ˜apefar ˜isg le tg diavoq ˜a letan ˜u tym pistytij ˜ym epitoj˜iym ep˜i tym upowqe- ˜yseym amawqglatod ˜otgsgr tou dame˜iou jai tou wqeysti- jo ˜u epitoj˜iou ep˜i tou dame˜iou. Dedol ˜emou ˜oti ˜ema sgla- mtij ˜o l ˜eqor tym upowqe ˜yseym amawqglatod ˜otgsgr tgr CL baq ˜umomtai le staheq ˜o epit ˜ojio, opoiad ˜gpote le˜iysg le epitoj˜iou ˜ewei yr sum ˜epeia tgm a ˜ungsg tou jahaqo ˜u j ˜ostour wqglatod ˜otgsgr tou dame˜iou, kalbamol ˜emou up ˜oxg tou jahoqislo ˜u tou epitoj˜iou cia to d ˜ameio pqor tgm EPFR. S ˜ulvyma le tg CL, g tq ˜apefa ev ˜aqlose ap ˜o to Sept ˜elbqio tou 1995 l ˜ewqi ta t ˜ekg tou 1996 di ˜avoqour tq ˜opour leqij ˜gr j ˜akuxgr tou jimd ˜umou epitoj˜iym pou e˜iwe amak ˜abei enai- t˜iar tgr di ˜aqhqysgr tym upowqe ˜yseym amawqglatod ˜otgsgr tou dame˜iou. Ta paq ˜acyca aut ˜a l ˜esa j ˜akuxgr, t ˜upou «swaps», e˜iwam epitq ˜exei tgm peq˜iodo 1995-1996 tom peqio- qisl ˜o tou j ˜ostour wqglatod ˜otgsgr jat ˜a 670 ejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja (dgkad ˜g pok ˜u lijq ˜g j ˜akuxg tou amakgvh ˜emtor jimd ˜umou epitoj˜iou, ˜opyr va˜imetai ap ˜o to pos ˜o pou apai- te˜itai aj ˜ola cia tgm amtist ˜ahlis ˜g tou), pos ˜o to opo˜io g tq ˜apefa ˜ekabe up ˜oxg tgr stom upokocisl ˜o tou j ˜ostour tou pososto ˜u epe˜icousar em˜iswusgr (se sw ˜esg le to d ˜ameio pqor tgm EPFR) cia to 1996, dgkad ˜g 5,84 %. Le b ˜asg ta stoiwe˜ia aut ˜a jai kalbamol ˜emgr up ˜oxg tgr pok ˜u lijq ˜gr j ˜akuxgr tym epitoj˜iym ap ˜o to 1995, va˜imetai ˜oti g CL pqo ˜ebkepe diavoqetij ˜g en ˜eking tym epitoj˜iym g opo˜ia ep ˜etqepe lijq ˜oteqg epib ˜aqumsg. Le tom tq ˜opo aut ˜o g epide˜imysg tym fgli ˜ym tgr tq ˜apefar ap ˜o to d ˜ameio pou woqgc ˜ghgje cia to diawyqisl ˜o ha pq ˜epei ma jatakociste˜i jat ˜a ˜ema l ˜eqor se aut ˜gm jai l ˜akista se sw ˜esg le tom j˜imdumo epitoj˜iou pou e˜iwe amak ˜abei. Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er am ˜ehesam sta t ˜ekg tou 1997 se amen ˜aqtgto cqave˜io tom ˜ekecwo tym pq ˜aneym pou sumd ˜eomtai le to d ˜ameio pqor tgm EPFR, tou opo˜iou ta apotek ˜eslata dem joimopo˜igsam stgm Epitqop ˜g. Ap’ ˜oso cmyq˜ifei g Epitqop ˜g, g tq ˜apefa ap ˜o ta t ˜ekg tou 1996 jai let ˜a dem jat ˜evuce se leh ˜odour j ˜akuxgr tou jimd ˜umou epitoj˜iou cia to d ˜ameio pqor tgm EPFR, enait˜iar tgr le˜iysgr tym epitoj˜iym jat ˜a peqiss ˜oteqo ap ˜o d ˜uo posostia˜ier lom ˜ader let ˜a tgm ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ. sto Tom Sept ˜elbqio tou 1996, stgm joimopo˜igsg tym epeicou- s ˜ym emisw ˜useym oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er f ˜gtgsam tgm pk ˜gqg «amtist ˜ahlisg» tym apotekesl ˜atym tou dame˜iou tgr CL pqor tgm EPFR l ˜ewqi to 2014 le tgm a ˜ungsg tou epitoj˜iou pou pqobkep ˜otam cia to d ˜ameio, 85 % tou TLL (bqawupq ˜o- heslou epitoj˜iou tgr wqglatacoq ˜ar) se posost ˜o amt˜i- stoiwo pqor to j ˜ostor amawqglatod ˜otgsgr tgr CL (stg tgr sum ˜eweia tq ˜apefar-sulbo ˜ukou tgr Epitqop ˜gr diapist ˜yhgje ˜oti to epit ˜ojio aut ˜o ha julaim ˜otam letan ˜u TLL +2,5 stgm aqw ˜g tgr peqi ˜odou jai TLL +0,2 sto t ˜ekor tgr peqi ˜odou). To a˜itgla aut ˜o epibebai ˜yhgje le to sw ˜edio pou upobk ˜ghgje stgm Epitqop ˜g tom Io ˜ukio tou 1997. Jat ˜a tgm ˜apoxg tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym, to l ˜etqo ha ˜edime tgm eujaiq˜ia ma diacqa- ve˜i to paqekh ˜om pa ˜uomtar ma tilyqe˜i tg CL cia tir oijomo- lij ˜er epipt ˜yseir tgr epejtatij ˜gr tgr stqatgcij ˜gr pou tgm od ˜gcgse stgm jq˜isg tou 1993-95. eqcasi ˜ym pka˜isio tym S ˜ulvyma le tgm Epitqop ˜g, stgm pqaclatij ˜otgta pq ˜ojeitai cia «epipq ˜oshetg amtist ˜ahlisg» dedol ˜emou ˜oti g pqoteim ˜o- lemg a ˜ungsg epitoj˜iou upeqba˜imei to epit ˜ojio tgr acoq ˜ar jai le tom tq ˜opo aut ˜o amtistahl˜ifei tour aqwijo ˜ur kamha- sl ˜emour weiqislo ˜ur ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm j ˜akuxg tym jimd ˜umym epitoj˜iou tou dame˜iou tgr CL pqor tgm EPFR. Le b ˜asg to sem ˜aqio en ˜ovkgsgr tou dame˜iou jai ta dedol ˜ema «spread (diaspoq ˜ar) epitoj˜iou» (diavoq ˜a letan ˜u tou pistytijo ˜u epitoj˜iou cia to d ˜ameio pqor tgm EPFR jai tou stahli- sl ˜emou l ˜esou tym epitoj˜iym cia tir upowqe ˜yseir amawqg- latod ˜otgsgr) pou up ˜ebake g CL stgm tq ˜apefa-s ˜ulbouko tgr Epitqop ˜gr, to up ˜oxg stoiwe˜io em˜iswusgr d ˜umatai ma ejtilghe˜i se 20,2 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja cia tgm peq˜iodo 1997-2014 (upokoc˜ifomtar tgm paqo ˜usa an˜ia tym lekkomti- j ˜ym qo ˜ym le to epit ˜ojio tgr wqglatacoq ˜ar b ˜asei tou opo˜iou jahoq˜ifomtai, sto sem ˜aqio aut ˜o, ta spreads epito- ˜oti g tq ˜apefa jai oi j˜iym, dgkad ˜g 3,19 %). Episgla˜imetai cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, basif ˜olemer se lajqopq ˜oheslo pqoenovkg- tij ˜o epit ˜ojio jatak ˜gcoum se diavoqetij ˜a pos ˜a em˜iswusgr cia tgm amtist ˜ahlisg, dgkad ˜g peq˜ipou 17,2 disejatoll ˜uqia L 221/50 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 vq ˜acja (cia tgm peq˜iodo 1997-2014) wqgsilopoi ˜ymtar tgm ˜idia l ˜ehodo (ejt ˜or ap ˜o to pqoenovkgtij ˜o epit ˜ojio, g opo˜ia epibebai ˜yhgje ap ˜o tgm tq ˜apefa-s ˜ulbouko tgr Epitqop ˜gr. Upocqall˜ifetai ep˜isgr ˜oti se peq˜iptysg pou ˜akkafam sglamtij ˜a ta sulbatij ˜a jqit ˜gqia cia tg l ˜ehodo aut ˜g upokocislo ˜u jai juq˜iyr to wqomodi ˜acqalla en ˜ovkgsgr tou dame˜iou tgr CL pqor tgm EPFR, o upokocisl ˜or tgr em˜iswu- sgr pou em ˜ewetai stgm amtist ˜ahlisg tou dame˜iou ha ˜epqepe ma epamenetaste˜i se m ˜ea b ˜asg. G Epitqop ˜g, l ˜ewqi s ˜gleqa dem e˜iwe up ˜oxg tgr am up ˜aqwoum letabok ˜er pou ma dijaio- koco ˜um m ˜eo upokocisl ˜o tgr em˜iswusgr jai diapist ˜ymei ˜oti oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er paq ˜eleimam stgm ejt˜ilgsg tgm opo˜ia e˜iwam pqaclatopoi ˜gsei le b ˜asg paq ˜oloia jqit ˜gqia. Le a˜itgla tgr tq ˜apefar-sulbo ˜ukou tgr Epitqop ˜gr, g CL dien ˜g- cace lek ˜etg euaishgs˜iar tgr an˜iar tgr «amtist ˜ahlisgr» tou dame˜iou tgr CL pqor tgm EPFR ˜emamti tgr a ˜ungsgr tym epitoj˜iym. E ˜am dem up ˜aqnei letabok ˜g stir up ˜okoiper paqa- l ˜etqour g lek ˜etg ˜edeine. ˜oti se peq˜iptysg a ˜ungsgr tym bqawupq ˜oheslym epitoj˜iym jat ˜a 1 % (sumodeu ˜olemgr ap ˜o a ˜ungsg tym lajqopq ˜ohe- slym epitoj˜iym jat ˜a 0,5 %) to j ˜ostor amtist ˜ahlisgr tou dame˜iou ha di ˜eveqe jat ˜a 500 ejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja se sw ˜esg le to pos ˜o tym 17,2 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym sto opo˜io jat ˜ekgne g tq ˜apefa. Le b ˜asg aut ˜o jai kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg tgm a ˜ungsg jat ˜a 0,3 % peq˜ipou tou TLL ap ˜o ta l ˜esa tou 1997 l ˜ewqi s ˜gleqa, g Epitqop ˜g jatak ˜gcei sto sulp ˜eqasla ˜oti ta jqit ˜gqia b ˜asei tym opo˜iym upok ˜ocise se 20,2 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja to j ˜ostor tgr «amtist ˜ah- lisgr» tou dame˜iou sta t ˜ekg tou 1997 enajokouho ˜um ma isw ˜uoum. Stgm epistok ˜g pou ap ˜esteikam stir 31 Laqt˜iou 1998, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er pqote˜imoum tgm tqopopo˜igsg tou lgwami- slo ˜u le pk ˜gqg «amtist ˜ahlisg» tou dame˜iou l ˜ewqi to 2000 ( ˜opyr amaveq ˜otam stgm pqogco ˜ulemg joimopo˜igs ˜g tour) jai ap ˜o to 2001 l ˜ewqi to 2014, le «amtist ˜ahlisg» bqawu- pq ˜oheslou epitoj˜iou (to opo˜io dem pqosdioq˜ifetai akk ˜a ha lpoqo ˜use ma isodumale˜i le to PIBOR, julaim ˜olemo, am ˜akoca le tour ˜oqour tgr acoq ˜ar, letan ˜u TLL jai TLL +0,2 %). G Epitqop ˜g pqo ˜ebg se ejt˜ilgsg tym oijomolij ˜ym epipt ˜yseym tgr m ˜ear pq ˜otasgr tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym. G diavoq ˜a e˜imai lijq ˜g jai avoq ˜a (se paqo ˜usa an˜ia, 31. 12. 1997) 2,3 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja, ˜aqa le˜iysg tou poso ˜u tgr em˜iswusgr ap ˜o 20,2 se 17,9 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja. G ek ˜awistg aut ˜g diavoq ˜a engce˜itai ap ˜o to cecom ˜or ˜oti to d ˜ameio pqor tgm EPFR sumep ˜acetai j ˜ostor wqglatod ˜otgsgr cia tg CL, cia to l ˜eqor pou upeqba˜imei to TLL jai juq˜iyr cia tgm peq˜iodo 1997-2001. P˜imajar 13 Oijomolij ˜or amt˜ijtupor tgr «amtist ˜ahlisgr» pqocq. 1997 pqacl. 1997 1998 Oijomolij ˜or amt˜ijtupor «tgr amti- st ˜ahlisgr» Jahaq ˜o apot ˜ekesla (pqo q ˜gtqar EUJ) — wyq˜ir amtist ˜ahlisg — le amtist ˜ahlisg 3,3 0,1 3,4 3,0 0,5 3,5 –1,4 (1) 1,9 (se disejatoll˜uqia FRF) 1999 2,7 1,8 4,5 2000 2,4 4,6 7,0 Sgle˜iysg: ta dedol ˜ema b ˜asei tym opo˜iym jataqt˜istgje o p˜imajar upobk ˜ghgjam stgm Epitqop ˜g tom L ˜aqtio tou 1998 ap ˜o tir cakki- j ˜er aqw ˜er. Ta stoiwe˜ia bas˜ifomtai sto sw ˜edio tou Iouk˜iou 1997 ap ˜o to opo˜io diav ˜eqoum se oqisl ˜ema sgle˜ia. (1) ejtil ˜ylemo. Pqojeil ˜emou ma upostgq˜inoum tg h ˜esg tour, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er he ˜yqgsam ˜oti wyq˜ir tgm amtist ˜ah- lisg tou j ˜ostour wqglatod ˜otgsgr tou dame˜iou pqor tgm EPFR, g biysil ˜otgta tgr tq ˜apefar ha lpoqo ˜use ma c˜imei pqobkglatij ˜g enait˜iar tym piham ˜ym amtidq ˜aseym tgr pekate˜iar tgr, tym amti- sulbakkol ˜emym jai tym voq ˜eym aniok ˜ocgsgr tgr dameiokgptij ˜gr ijam ˜otgtar oi opo˜ier ha lpoqo ˜u- sam ma tgm jatat ˜anoum se jat ˜yteqg h ˜esg. Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er en ˜akkou dijaiok ˜ocgsam to l ˜etqo aut ˜o ˜emamti tgr Epitqop ˜gr amav ˜eqomtar ˜oti ha dieujok ˜umei to ˜amoicla tou letowijo ˜u jevaka˜iou tgr tq ˜apefar. To sw ˜edio pou up ˜ebakam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er stgm Epitqop ˜g tom Io ˜ukio tou 1997 pqo ˜ebkepe ˜akkg emakkajtij ˜g k ˜usg: amt˜i cia tgm et ˜gsia amtist ˜ahlisg tou j ˜ostour wqglatod ˜otgsgr tou dame˜iou pqor tgm EPFR, to d ˜ameio ha pqoenovke˜ito stgm CL g opo˜ia ha ek ˜albame jai ˜ema sulxgvistij ˜o pos ˜o to opo˜io ha amtipqos ˜ypeue tgm paqo ˜usa an˜ia tgr diavoq ˜ar letan ˜u tou j ˜ostour tym upowqe- ˜yseym cia tgm amawqglatod ˜otgsg tgr EPFR(13), l ˜ewqi tg k ˜gng tour jai tou j ˜ostour amawqglatod ˜o- tgsgr tym bqawupq ˜oheslym upowqe ˜yseym. Se j ˜ahe peq˜iptysg, stir letacem ˜esteqer sufgt ˜gseir tour le tgm Epitqop ˜g oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er dem en ˜evqasam tgm pq ˜ohesg ma ajokouh ˜gsoum tgm od ˜o eje˜img. (13) Oi lg letabib ˜asiler sto pka˜isio tgr diadijas˜iar diawyqislo ˜u upowqe ˜yseir oi opo˜ier amav ˜eqomtai paqap ˜amy. 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/51 ˜oti Sto pka˜isio aut ˜o episgla˜imetai ˜opyr peqicq ˜avgje paqap ˜amy sto lgwamisl ˜o aut ˜o up ˜gqwe j ˜apoio swetij ˜o pkeom ˜ejtgla cia to jq ˜ator dedol ˜emou ˜oti ha wqglatodoto ˜use jah ˜okg tg di ˜aqjeia tou dame˜iou (dumgtij ˜a, l ˜ewqi to 2014) tir lajqopq ˜ohesler topohet ˜gseir (tg wqglatod ˜otgsg ap ˜o l ˜eqour tgr EPFR tou sulletowijo ˜u dame˜iou pqor to CDR) le p ˜oqour pou ha sucj ˜emtqyme le walg- k ˜oteqo, dgkad ˜g bqawupq ˜oheslo, epit ˜ojio. G k ˜usg tgr amtist ˜ahlisgr ˜ewei to pkeom ˜ejtgla ˜oti e˜imai kic ˜oteqo dapamgq ˜g cia tgm EPFR ap ˜o tgm pq ˜yilg en ˜ovkgsg tou dame˜iou le lajqopq ˜oheslo dameisl ˜o: enait˜iar tgr pqoodeutij ˜gr amadi ˜aqhqysgr tym upowqe ˜yseym tgr CL pou sumode ˜uoum to d ˜ameio, to epit ˜ojio tou dame˜iou let ˜a tgm amtist ˜ahlisg ha pq ˜epei ma leiyhe˜i stadiaj ˜a l ˜ewqi ma vh ˜asei to ˜uxor tou PIBOR to 2004 ˜g 2005. To epit ˜ojio amavoq ˜ar tou lgwamislo ˜u tou dame˜iou paqal ˜emei to TLL le apot ˜ekesla to jq ˜ator ma e˜imai se h ˜esg ma enasvak˜isei tgm j ˜akuxg tym en ˜odym wqglatod ˜otgsgr tou diawyqislo ˜u se epit ˜ojio pou pkgsi ˜afei to bqawupq ˜oheslo jai l ˜aki- sta up ˜o duslem ˜esteqer sumh ˜gjer. 6. 2 L ˜etqa pou up ˜ebakam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er yr amtist ˜ahlisla tym emisw ˜useym pqor tgm tq ˜apefa P ˜eqam tgr amadi ˜aqhqysgr tou dijt ˜uou Cakk˜iar le to jke˜isilo upojatastgl ˜atym pou oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er pqos ˜eveqam yr amtist ˜ahlisla cia tir emisw ˜useir pou ˜ekabe g CL, to sw ˜edio tou Iouk˜iou 1997 pqobk ˜epei tgm ejw ˜yqgsg tou lecak ˜uteqou l ˜eqour tym tqapefij ˜ym dqastgqiot ˜gtym kiamij ˜gr stgm Euq ˜ypg, sulpeqikalbamol ˜emgr jai tgr j ˜uqiar hucatqij ˜gr tgr CL, tgm Bank f(cid:129)r Gemeinwirtschaft (Ceqlam˜ia, sto en ˜gr BfG, tgr opo˜iar to 50 % tou letowijo ˜u jevaka˜iou sum lia letow ˜g am ˜gjei stgm CL). To sw ˜edio peqikalb ˜amei sglamtij ˜er pqobk ˜exeir (4,4 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja) cia tir wq ˜gseir 1998 jai 1999 em ˜oxei tou aqmgtijo ˜u amt˜ijtupou tgr p ˜ykgsgr pou pqobkep ˜otam to 1997, jai tgr ap ˜ykeiar tgr BfG l ˜ewqi to 2000. To pq ˜ocqalla pqobk ˜epei p ˜amtyr ˜oti g gleqolgm˜ia ejw ˜yqgsgr tgr BfG d ˜umatai ma letabkghe˜i. Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er pq ˜oteimam ep˜isgr ˜oti to wqomodi ˜acqalla pou hesp˜i- stgje to 1995 cia ta amtistahl˜islata stir emisw ˜useir (dgkad ˜g g ejw ˜yqgsg tou 50 % tym euqypaˇi- j ˜ym peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym tgr tq ˜apefar pqim ap ˜o tir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1998) ha pq ˜epei ma wakaq ˜y- sei ˜yste g CL ma lgm amacjaste˜i ma stqave˜i pqor tom l ˜etow ˜o tgr cia tg wqglatod ˜otgsg tgr am ˜akysgr id˜iym jevaka˜iym sto pka˜isio tym ejwyq ˜gseym. Oi stqatgcij ˜er apoepemd ˜useir ha pq ˜epei ma jkilajyho ˜um l ˜ewqi to 2000 jai oi ejwyq ˜gseir ma apovas˜ifomtai ˜otam to epitq ˜epoum oi oijomo- lij ˜er peqist ˜aseir. P˜imajar 14 Amt˜ijtupor tym stqatgcij ˜ym apoepemd ˜useym pou pq ˜oteimam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er Amajatamol ˜gtym jatastgl ˜atym ejt ˜or Cakk˜iar 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Variation 1996/2000 [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] DCAE DCAI DCMC DCAE DCAI DCMC Euq ˜ypg Up ˜okoipor j ˜oslor S ˜umoko [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] 728 292 1 020 [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] 270 250 520 [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] [. ] –62,9 % –14,4 % –49,0 % jah. tapefij ˜o pqoˇi ˜om (se disejatall ˜uqia FRF) Pqosypij ˜o aqih. jatastgl ˜atym DCAE: Direction centrale des affaires europ(cid:130)ennes (Cemij ˜g Die ˜uhumsg euqypaˇij ˜ym upoh ˜eseym) DCAI: Direction centrale des affaires internationales (Cemij ˜g Die ˜uhumsg diehm ˜ym upoh ˜eseym) DCMC: Direction centrale des march(cid:130)s des capitaux (Cemij ˜g Die ˜uhumsg jevakaiacoq ˜ym) Pgc˜g: Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais L 221/52 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er he ˜yqgsam ˜oti apovas˜ifomtar ma ejwyq ˜g- sei tir hucatqij ˜er tgr pqim jujkovoq ˜gsei to euq ˜y, g CL w ˜amei tir dumat ˜otgter pou pqosv ˜eqei lia jak ˜uteqa okojkg- qyl ˜emg tqapefij ˜g acoq ˜a stgm Euq ˜ypg, jai ˜oti sumep ˜yr apoteko ˜use sglamtij ˜g pqosp ˜aheia le tgm opo˜ia apekeuhe- q ˜ymomtam leq˜idia acoq ˜ar cia tour amtacymist ˜er tgr stgm Euq ˜ypg. Ejt ˜or Cakk˜iar, g stqatgcij ˜g tgr tq ˜apefar basif ˜otam, let ˜a tgm apow ˜yqgs ˜g tgr ap ˜o tg kiamij ˜g tqapefij ˜g stgm Euq ˜ypg, se lia epamest˜iasg stour tole˜ir tgr dameiod ˜otgsgr lec ˜akym epiweiq ˜gseym, diaqhqyl ˜emgr wqglatod ˜otgsgr jai wqglatod ˜otgsgr swed˜iym, tym jevakaiacoq ˜ym, tgr diawe˜i- qisgr peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym jai taleiaj ˜ym qo ˜ym, tgr diawe˜iqisgr peqious˜iar jai tou diehmo ˜ur elpoq˜iou. Oi tole˜ir auto˜i ha oqcamyho ˜um se «diehme˜ir cqall ˜er» pqojei- l ˜emou ma enupgqeto ˜umtai jak ˜uteqa oi pek ˜ater tgr tq ˜apefar stir diehme˜ir tour sumakkac ˜er. G epamest˜iasg aut ˜g ha ˜ewei yr sum ˜epeia tgm ecjat ˜akeixg tgr tajtij ˜gr tgr tq ˜apefar «cemij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym» ap ˜o tgm CL ejt ˜or Cakk˜iar. 7. ANIOKOCGSG TYM SULPKGQYLATIJYM EMISWUSEYM SE SWESG LE EJEIMES POU ECJQIHGJAM APO TGM EPITQOPG TO 1995 7. 1 Abebai ˜otgter yr pqor to sumokij ˜o ˜uxor tym emisw ˜useym G Epitqop ˜g e˜iwe oq˜isei yr am ˜ytato ˜oqio cia tir emisw ˜useir pou ecjq˜ihgjam to 1995 ta 45 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja jai cia tom k ˜oco aut ˜o to ˜uxor tym sulpkgqylatij ˜ym emisw ˜u- seym ha pq ˜epei ma aniokocghe˜i pqoto ˜u enetaste˜i to sulbi- b ˜asil ˜o tour le tg sumh ˜gjg. Upemhul˜ifetai ˜oti ejt ˜or ap ˜o ta 45 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja emisw ˜useym pou ecjq˜ihgjam ˜akka 4 disejatoll ˜uqia to 1995, g Epitqop ˜g em ˜ejqime vq ˜acja yr epe˜icouser emisw ˜useir tom Sept ˜elbqio tou 1996. Ta stoiwe˜ia j ˜ostour cia to jq ˜ator pou avaiqo ˜umtai ap ˜o to s ˜umoko tym emisw ˜useym pqor tgm CL e˜imai: — amadi ˜aqhqysg jevaka˜iou tgr CL to 1994 (dgkad ˜g 4,9 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja), stgm opo˜ia oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er pqo ˜ebkepam sto pka˜isio tou swed˜iou pou upobk ˜ghgje stgm Epitqop ˜g tom Io ˜ukio tou 1997, emdewol ˜emyr, de ˜uteqg amadi ˜aqhqysg aoq˜istou ˜uxour, — g paqo ˜usa an˜ia tym fgli ˜ym tou CDR tir opo˜ier am ˜ekabe g EPFR up ˜o loqv ˜g paqa˜itgsgr ap ˜o apait ˜gseir (dia l ˜esou tgr emeqcopo˜igsgr eccu ˜gseym) se sw ˜esg le to woqgcgh ˜em sulletowij ˜o d ˜ameio tym 145 disejatollu- q˜iym vq ˜acjym (ej tym opo˜iym 10 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja letatq ˜apgjam se eccu ˜gseir ep˜i tym dame˜iym tou CDR ap ˜o tq˜itour), — g paqo ˜usa an˜ia tym en ˜odym wqglatod ˜otgsgr tou dame˜iou tym 135 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym tgr EPFR ap ˜o tg CL. Ta ˜enoda aut ˜a emd ˜ewetai ma aungho ˜um am g «amtist ˜ahlisg» tou dame˜iou tgr CL pqaclatopoighe˜i ap ˜o to 1997 l ˜ewqi to 2014, ˜opeq amtipqosype ˜uei ˜enoda tym opo˜iym g paqo ˜usa an˜ia am ˜eqwetai se 20 disejatol- l ˜uqia vq ˜acja peq˜ipou, — g paqo ˜usa an˜ia tym sulpkgqylatij ˜ym en ˜odym wqglato- d ˜otgsgr se peq˜iptysg pou g EPFR aniopoi ˜gsei to dija˜i- yl ˜a tgr ma k ˜abei sulpkgqylatij ˜er pist ˜yseir 10 dise- jatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym tir opo˜ier g CL desle ˜uhgje ma tgr woqgc ˜gsei ap ˜o 1gr Iamouaq˜iou 1998, — g paqo ˜usa an˜ia tym sulpkgqylatij ˜ym en ˜odym wqglato- d ˜otgsgr pou emd ˜ewetai ma pqaclatopoi ˜gsei g EPFR se peq˜iptysg pou, enait˜iar tgr taleiaj ˜gr tgr jat ˜astasgr ˜akka pos ˜a wqeiaste˜i ma dameiste˜i ap ˜o tgm acoq ˜a jai ejt ˜or ap ˜o eje˜ima pou ha dameiste˜i ap ˜o tgm CL. To s ˜umoko tou j ˜ostour tou diawyqislo ˜u ha pq ˜epei ma jakuvhe˜i ap ˜o to jq ˜ator le eisvoq ˜er jevaka˜iou pqor tgm EPFR ap ˜o jomd ˜ukia tou pqoˇupokocislo ˜u tym opo˜iym to wqomodi ˜acqalla jai to ˜uxor e˜imai ˜acmysta stg v ˜asg aut ˜g akk ˜a oi opo˜ier emd ˜ewetai ma pqaclatopoigho ˜um jkilajyt ˜a jah’ ˜okg tg di ˜aqjeia tou dame˜iou tgr CL pqor tgm EPFR, dgkad ˜g l ˜ewqi to 2014, jah ˜yr jai ap ˜o ta ˜esoda tgr q ˜gtqar epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg (14) jai tgr idiytijopo˜igsgr tgr CL. ˜opyr en ˜akkou pqoj ˜uptei ap ˜o tom upokoci- Pqojataqjtij ˜a, sl ˜o tym emisw ˜useym (bk ˜epe paqaj ˜aty), episgla˜imetai ˜oti oqisl ˜emer ap ˜o tir enetaf ˜olemer emisw ˜useir, jai juq˜iyr g «amtist ˜ahlisg» tou dame˜iou tgr CL pqor tgm EPFR cia to 1995-96 (pou ecjq˜ihgje ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g to Sept ˜elbqio tou 1996 sto pka˜isio tym epeic ˜omtym l ˜etqym up ˜eq tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais) jah ˜yr jai g «amtist ˜ahlisg» tou dame˜iou pou pqobk ˜epoum oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er ap ˜o to 1997 jai let ˜a, apoteko ˜um amap ˜ospasto l ˜eqor tym en ˜odym wqglatod ˜otg- sgr tou dame˜iou tgr CL pqor tgm EPFR. Yst ˜oso, g Epitqop ˜g heyqe˜i tgm «amtist ˜ahlisg» tou dame˜iou yr eidij ˜g em˜iswusg di ˜oti pqost˜ihetai sto pq ˜ocqalla pou ecjq˜ihgje to 1995 ˜oti g CL ha apakkace˜i ap ˜o jai g evaqloc ˜g tgr sgla˜imei j ˜ostor upokocif ˜olemo, se ˜oqour paqo ˜usar an˜iar, se 20 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja peq˜ipou cia tgm peq˜iodo ap ˜o to 1997 (sulpeqikalbamol ˜emou) ˜eyr to 2014. G «amtist ˜ah- lisg» tou dame˜iou jat ˜a tgm ˜emmoia tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym sgla˜imei ˜oti g CL ha apakkace˜i ap ˜o jahaq ˜er epibaq ˜umseir swetif ˜olemer le to d ˜ameio pqor tgm EPFR jai ˜oti g paqo ˜usa an˜ia tgr tq ˜apefar ha aunghe˜i al ˜esyr w ˜aqg stg di ˜oqhysg aut ˜g, am ˜akoca (15) pqor tgm paqo ˜usa an˜ia tgr «amtist ˜ah- lisgr». Le tom tq ˜opo aut ˜o g tq ˜apefa ha ˜ewei ˜aleso ˜ovekor ap ˜o lekkomtij ˜a apotek ˜eslata tgr amtist ˜ahlisgr. Cia tom k ˜oco aut ˜o, g Epitqop ˜g heyqe˜i ˜oti g paqo ˜usa an˜ia tgr amti- st ˜ahlisgr cia ˜okg tgm peq˜iodo 1997-2014 ha pq ˜epei ma kgvhe˜i al ˜esyr up ˜oxg sto s ˜umok ˜o tgr, yr m ˜ea em˜iswusg pqor tgm tq ˜apefa. G Epitqop ˜g sglei ˜ymei ˜oti oi cakkij ˜er ˜edeinam ˜oti aqw ˜er, se epistok ˜g tgr 3gr Apqik˜iou 1998, ajokouho ˜um paq ˜oloia pqos ˜eccisg yr pqor to sgle˜io aut ˜o jai ˜oti sulpeqi ˜ekabam to s ˜umoko tgr an˜iar tgr amtist ˜ahli- sgr stgm ejt˜ilgsg tou poso ˜u tym emisw ˜useym pqor tgm CL. G aniok ˜ocgsg tou ˜uxour tym emisw ˜useym pqor tgm CL, ˜olyr, paqousi ˜afei di ˜avoqa pqobk ˜glata sumde ˜olema le ta idia˜iteqa waqajtgqistij ˜a tou pqocq ˜allator diawyqislo ˜u pou ev ˜aqlosam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er jah ˜yr jai le oqisl ˜emer abebai ˜otgter pou oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er tq ˜evoum yr pqor to sw ˜edio to opo˜io up ˜ebakam stgm Epitqop ˜g tom Io ˜ukio tou 1997. To ˜uxor tym fgli ˜ym pou ha jatakocishe˜i tekij ˜a sto diawyqisl ˜o jai jat ˜a sum ˜epeia sto jq ˜ator e˜imai stg v ˜asg aut ˜g ˜acmysto. Oi dumgtij ˜er aut ˜er fgl˜ier peqikalb ˜amoum jat ˜a pq ˜ytom tir fgl˜ier tou CDR, pou stir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1996 upokoc˜ifomtam se 100,2 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja. Upocqall˜ifetai ˜oti to pos ˜o aut ˜o pou amav ˜eqhgje tgm 1g Iouk˜iou 1997 stg ˜ejhesg tgr EPFR pqor to Upouqce˜io Ehmi- j ˜gr Oijomol˜iar, Oijomolij ˜ym jai Biolgwam˜iar jah ˜yr jai pqor to cakkij ˜o joimobo ˜ukio, dem ˜ewei epibebaiyhe˜i ap ˜o tour oqjyto ˜ur kocist ˜er tou CDR. Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, le tir opo˜ier oi upgqes˜ier tgr Epitqop ˜gr epijoim ˜ymgsam cia to h ˜ela aut ˜o, am ˜eveqam ˜oti dem ˜gtam se h ˜esg ma upob ˜akoum (14) Up ˜o tgm pqoˇup ˜ohesg ˜oti ha diatgqghe˜i. (15) Le tgm epiv ˜ukang j ˜apoiar diavoq ˜ar enait˜iar tgr voqok ˜ocgsgr tym apotekesl ˜atym. 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/53 pistopoigl ˜emour kocaqiaslo ˜ur tou CDR enait˜iar tou idia˜i- teqou waqajt ˜gqa tgr diadijas˜iar diawyqislo ˜u. Le b ˜asg tir up ˜aqwouser pkgqovoq˜ier l ˜omom oi fgl˜ier pou ˜gdg sgle˜i- yse to CDR oi opo˜ier jatakoc˜istgjam stgm EPFR le tgm emeqcopo˜igsg eccu ˜gseym ep˜i tou sulletowijo ˜u dame˜iou, dgkad ˜g 45 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja sta t ˜ekg tou 1996, ha lpoqo ˜usam ma heyqgho ˜um yr b ˜ebaier stir aqw ˜er tou 1998, pqim ap ˜o to jke˜isilo tym kocaqiasl ˜ym tou CDR cia to 1997. Jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia sumedqi ˜aseym stir aqw ˜er tou Lai¨ou 1998, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er pkgqov ˜oqgsam tgm Epitqop ˜g ˜oti di ˜ehetam ejtil ˜gseir pq ˜oshetym fgli ˜ym tou CDR to 1997 ˜uxour 3 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym, dgkad ˜g sumokij ˜er fgl˜ier 48 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja l ˜ewqi ta t ˜ekg tou 1997. Am kgvhe˜i up ˜oxg to up ˜okoipo emeqcgtij ˜o (peq˜ipou 80 dise- jatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja, dedol ˜emou ˜oti ta stoiwe˜ia tou emeqcg- tijo ˜u ˜uxour 110 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym ˜ewoum ˜gdg ejwyqghe˜i ˜g qeustopoighe˜i) oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er jatak ˜gcoum sto sulp ˜eqasla ˜oti jamomij ˜a oi fgl˜ier dem d ˜umamtai ma upeqbo ˜um ta 128 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja. H Epitqop ˜g ˜ema l ˜eqor tou upokeip ˜olemou jimd ˜umou tgr sulvyme˜i EPFR swetij ˜a le tg CDR ( ˜osom avoq ˜a ta peqiousiaj ˜a tgr stoiwe˜ia) lei ˜ymetai ˜oso pqowyqe˜i to pq ˜ocqalla di ˜ahesgr tym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u, pou sta t ˜ekg tou 1997 am ˜eqwomtam sto 58 % tym ajah ˜aqistym peqiousiaj ˜ym stoi- we˜iym pou e˜iwam peqi ˜ekhei sto CDR tgm 1g Iamouaq˜iou 1995. ˜oti Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, yst ˜oso, dem ˜gtam se h ˜esg ma amak ˜aboum desle ˜useir yr pqor to am ˜ytato ˜uxor sto opo˜io d ˜umamtai ma am ˜ekhoum oi fgl˜ier tgr CDR. O omolastij ˜or j˜imdumor pou ˜ewei amak ˜abei g EPFR, g opo˜ia woq ˜gcgse sulletowij ˜o d ˜ameio 145 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym pqor to CDR (g opo˜ia to aniopo˜igse l ˜ewqi tou poso ˜u tym 123,5 disejatol- luq˜iym vq ˜acjym, sta opo˜ia pqost˜ihemtai ˜akka 10 diseja- toll ˜uqia vq ˜acja ap ˜o to sumokij ˜o d ˜ameio pou letatq ˜apg- jam se ecc ˜ugsg), dem ˜ewei am ˜ytato ˜oqio jahoqisl ˜emo ap ˜o to Joimobo ˜ukio jai jak ˜uptei to s ˜umoko tym fgli ˜ym tou CDR, aj ˜ola jai am aut ˜er am ˜eqwomtam sto pos ˜o tym 145 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym tou sulletowijo ˜u dame˜iou ˜g to upeq ˜ebaimam. O j˜imdumor pou ˜ewei amak ˜abei g EPFR se sw ˜esg le to CDR upeqba˜imei to ˜amoicl ˜a tgr yr pqor ta peqiousiaj ˜a stoiwe˜ia pou aqwij ˜a letabib ˜astgjam stg diadijas˜ia diawyqislo ˜u, cia di ˜avoqour k ˜ocour. Jat’ aqw ˜gm, oi jevakaiouwij ˜er epem- d ˜useir oi kec ˜olemer epemd ˜useir «diav ˜ukangr» letan ˜u tym diawyqish ˜emtym peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym, yr pqor to b ˜asilo tym opo˜iym g Epitqop ˜g dem apova˜imetai stgm paqo ˜usa v ˜asg, aun ˜amoum tom j˜imdumo tou CDR yr pqor ta amadiaqhqyh ˜emta peqiousiaj ˜a stoiwe˜ia, jai jat ˜a sum ˜epeia tom j˜imdumo tgr EPFR yr pqor to CDR jah ˜yr jai tom j˜imdumo fgli ˜ym sto pka˜isio tou diawyqislo ˜u (16). Sto paq ˜om st ˜adio g Epitqop ˜g ˜ewei teke˜iyr asav ˜g id ˜ea yr pqor to h ˜ela aut ˜o paq ˜a to cecom ˜or ˜oti f ˜gtgse epameikgll ˜ema pkgqovoq˜ier jai stoiwe˜ia ap ˜o tir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er (17). ˜opyr upostgq˜i- Aj ˜olg jai am aut ˜er oi epemd ˜useir e˜iwam, foum oi bekcij ˜er aqw ˜er, yr apot ˜ekesla tg le˜iysg tym fgli ˜ym tou diawyqislo ˜u, sto paq ˜om st ˜adio ejvq ˜afomtai yr (16) ˜Opyr amav ˜eqetai stg diaweiqistij ˜g ˜ejhesg tgr CDR to 1996, s. 35, oi ait ˜gseir jevaka˜iou tym jakupt ˜olemym hucatqij ˜ym dgli- ouqco ˜um apa˜itgsg ˜emamti tgr EPFR g opo˜ia ha e˜imai apaitgt ˜g l ˜omo jat ˜a tg qeustopo˜igsg ˜g tgm p ˜ykgsg tym t˜itkym tym up ˜o- xg hucatqij ˜ym. (17) G Epitqop ˜g j˜imgse tg diadijas˜ia tou ˜aqhqou 92 paq ˜acqavor 3 tgr sumh ˜gjgr swetij ˜a le d ˜uo pq ˜aneir: tgm amadi ˜aqhqysg tym je- vaka˜iym jai tgm p ˜ykgsg tgr SDBO (EE C 346 tgr 16. 11. 1996 jai EE C 207 tgr 8. 7. 1997) jah ˜yr jai swetij ˜a le tgm amadi ˜aq- hqysg jevaka˜iou jai tgm p ˜ykgsg tou Stardust Marine (EE C 111 tgr 9. 4. 1998). a ˜ungsg tou jimd ˜umou pou swet˜ifetai le tgm jqatij ˜g ecc ˜ugsg. Ejt ˜or auto ˜u, g CL letab˜ibase sto CDR di ˜avo- qour jimd ˜umour ejt ˜or isokocislo ˜u up ˜o loqv ˜g eccu ˜gseym ep˜i tym hucatqij ˜ym tgr ˜g ep˜i peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym pou dem letabib ˜astgjam sto CDR jat ˜a tg s ˜ustas ˜g tou. Epipk ˜eom, g peq˜iletqor emopo˜igsgr tou CDR dieuq ˜umhgje to 1996 jai g Epitqop ˜g dem ˜gtam se h ˜esg ma ejtil ˜gsei tgm epow ˜g eje˜img am g die ˜uqumsg aut ˜g a ˜uname sglamtij ˜a tour jimd ˜umour cia to CDR jai tgm EPFR: g die ˜uqumsg tou 1996 ha pq ˜epei ma enetaste˜i le b ˜asg tour jimd ˜umour cia to CDR pou ˜gdg em ˜ewomtai sta m ˜ea peqiousiaj ˜a stoiwe˜ia pqoto ˜u sulpeqikgvho ˜um stg diadijas˜ia diawyqislo ˜u. P ˜eqam auto ˜u sglei ˜yhgjam jai pq ˜osheter fgl˜ier pou ha lpoqo ˜usam ma sumew˜isoum ma aun ˜amomtai, enait˜iar juq˜iyr tgr a ˜ungsgr tou aqihlo ˜u tym dijastij ˜ym diadijasi ˜ym pou ˜ewoum jimghe˜i. Oi diadijas˜ier aut ˜er am ˜eqwomtai sta l ˜esa tou 1997 se 75 ej tym opo˜iym 52 stg Cakk˜ia jai 23 sto enyteqij ˜o. Oqisl ˜emer ap ˜o aut ˜er emd ˜ewetai ma odgc ˜gsoum se apofgli ˜yseir up ˜eq tou CDR jai sumep ˜yr stg le˜iysg tou j ˜ostour tou diawyqi- ˜Akker, yst ˜oso, v ˜eqoum se peq˜iptysg lg eumoˇij ˜gr slo ˜u. cia to CDR ap ˜ovasgr, sglamtijo ˜ur jimd ˜umour ejt ˜or isoko- cislo ˜u, pou e˜imai d ˜usjoko ma ejtilgho ˜um jai piham ˜om ma letabkgho ˜um le tgm p ˜aqodo tou wq ˜omou. Epipk ˜eom, oi dija- stij ˜er diadijas˜ier ˜ewoum dusleme˜ir epipt ˜yseir sto bahl ˜o pou jahisto ˜um dusjok ˜oteqg tgm ejjah ˜aqisg ˜g tgm ejw ˜y- qgsg tym peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym pou apoteko ˜um amtije˜i- lemo tym dijastij ˜ym diavoq ˜ym, tir opo˜ier epibqad ˜umoum jai oqisl ˜emer voq ˜er diaj ˜optoum. Opoiad ˜gpote ap ˜ojkisg ap ˜o to wqomodi ˜acqalla tgr ejw ˜y- qgsgr peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym tou CDR, se sw ˜esg le to aqwij ˜o wqomodi ˜acqalla diawyqislo ˜u sto pka˜isio tgr swetij ˜gr diadijas˜iar (p ˜ykgsg tou 50 % tym peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym emt ˜or liar tqiet˜iar jai tou 80 % tym peqiousia- j ˜ym stoiwe˜iym se lia pemtaet˜ia), aun ˜amei ta ˜enoda diawe˜iqi- sgr jai tir fgl˜ier ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou CDR. Ejt ˜or auto ˜u, oi pkgqyl ˜er tou CDR pqor tgm EPFR jahusteqo ˜um enait˜iar tou cecom ˜otor ˜oti oqisl ˜emer tq˜iter upowqe ˜yseir (ep˜i sum ˜o- kou upowqe ˜yseym 60 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym pou leta- bib ˜astgjam sto CDR, p ˜eqam tou sulletowijo ˜u dame˜iou tgr EPFR) enovk ˜ghgjam ap ˜o to CDR le taw ˜uteqo quhl ˜o ap ˜o tgm aqwij ˜a pqobkep ˜olemg pemtaet˜ia, enait˜iar tou apaitg- to ˜u oqisl ˜emym ej tym upowqe ˜yseym aut ˜ym k ˜ocy tgr ˜aqsgr tgr ˜adeiar keitouqc˜iar tym tqapefij ˜ym tgr hucatqij ˜ym. Se aut ˜o pqost˜ihetai to cecom ˜or ˜oti oi upoh ˜eseir jah˜istamtai pokupkoj ˜oteqer (ta peqiousiaj ˜a stoiwe˜ia pou ˜gtam eujo- k ˜oteqo ma pykgho ˜um ˜ewoum ˜gdg diatehe˜i) ˜opeq ha pqojak ˜e- sei jahusteq ˜gseir stir pq ˜aneir diawyqislo ˜u pou pqobk ˜e- pomtai cia to l ˜ekkom, jai ha aun ˜gsei tour jimd ˜umour ap ˜ykeiar an˜iar. Epipk ˜eom, g ecjat ˜akeixg tou sjeptijo ˜u tgr qeustopo˜igsgr, sto pka˜isio tgr letaqq ˜uhlisgr tgr CDR to Dej ˜elbqio tou 1997, lpoqe˜i ep˜isgr ma ˜ewei yr apot ˜ekesla tgm paq ˜atasg tym dapam ˜ym diawe˜iqisgr tou diawyqislo ˜u jai sumep ˜yr tgm elv ˜amisg fgli ˜ym cia to jq ˜ator l ˜esy tgr EPFR. Oi jahusteq ˜gseir stg di ˜ahesg tym peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym tgr CDR dem ˜ewoum ˜aleso amt˜ijtupo stir fgl˜ier tgr (ejt ˜or ap ˜o tgm a ˜ungsg tym en ˜odym ejlet ˜akkeusgr tou CDR pou jatacq ˜avomtai yr fgl˜ier) akk ˜a, amt˜iheta, ˜ewoum yr apot ˜ekesla tgm paq ˜atasg tgr abebai ˜otgtar jai tgm a ˜ungsg tou omolastijo ˜u j ˜ostour wqglatod ˜otgsgr tou diawyqislo ˜u se ep˜ipedo EPFR. Ap ˜o tgm pe˜iqa le aut ˜o to e˜idor diawyqislo ˜u sum ˜acetai ˜oti le tgm p ˜aqodo tou wq ˜omou sto waqtovuk ˜ajio paqal ˜emoum ta jat ˜yteqgr poi ˜otgtar peqiousiaj ˜a stoiwe˜ia tym opo˜iym g qeustopo˜igsg jah˜ista- tai ˜oko jai dusjok ˜oteqg. En ˜akkou, oi diawyqisl ˜emer etai- qe˜ier d ˜umamtai ma elvam˜isoum sglamtij ˜er fgl˜ier pou ha jatacqavo ˜um yr fgl˜ier tou diawyqislo ˜u, amen ˜aqtgta ap ˜o tgm an˜ia tour yr peqiousiaj ˜a stoiwe˜ia. L 221/54 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 G Epitqop ˜g en ˜akkou paq ˜a tir d ˜uo epistok ˜er pqor tir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er cia to h ˜ela aut ˜o (1g Dejelbq˜iou 1997 jai 5 Vebqouaq˜iou 1998), dem ˜ekabe jal˜ia ap ˜amtgsg ˜osom avoq ˜a ˜ema piham ˜o wqomodi ˜acqalla amadi ˜aqhqysgr tym jeva- ka˜iym tgr EPFR ap ˜o to jq ˜ator, pq ˜acla pou ha ep ˜etqepe ma amal ˜emetai le˜iysg tou upokeip ˜olemou poso ˜u tou dame˜iou tgr CL pqor tgm EPFR. Sto sgle˜io aut ˜o ha pq ˜epei ma upocqalliste˜i ˜oti le b ˜asg ˜ema sumtgqgtij ˜o wqomodi ˜a- cqalla to opo˜io g CL up ˜ebake stgm tq ˜apefa — s ˜ulbouko tgr Epitqop ˜gr, to up ˜okoipo tou dame˜iou emd ˜ewetai ma paqa- le˜imei peq˜ipou 100 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja l ˜ewqi to t ˜ekor tgr di ˜aqjeiar tou dame˜iou, dgkad ˜g l ˜ewqi to 2014. Ta ˜enoda wqglatod ˜otgsgr dem peqikalb ˜amomtai stom upokocisl ˜o tym fgli ˜ym tou CDR. To b ˜aqor tour v ˜eqei g EPFR jai jat ˜a sum ˜epeia o jqatij ˜or pqoˇupokocisl ˜or. Ta ˜enoda wqglatod ˜otgsgr tou diawyqislo ˜u pou sglei ˜ymomtai se EPFR ha aun ˜amomtai se sum ˜aqtgsg le tgm jahust ˜eqgsg tym pkgqyl ˜ym tou CDR pqor tgm EPFR. E ˜am upotehe˜i ˜oti g ˜okg tg di ˜aqjei ˜a tou ha wqglatod ˜otgsg tou dame˜iou jah’ pqaclatopoighe˜i le b ˜asg to wqomodi ˜acqalla pou g CL up ˜ebake stgm tq ˜apefa-s ˜ulbouko tgr Epitqop ˜gr (jai wyq˜ir ˜akkg sulpkgqylatij ˜g up ˜ohesg ˜osom avoq ˜a to d ˜ameio tgr EPFR), jai am kgvhe˜i up ˜oxg g amtist ˜ahlisg tou dame˜iou pou pqobk ˜epoum oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, g omolastij ˜g an˜ia (18) tym en ˜odym wqglatod ˜otgsgr ha pq ˜epei ma vh ˜asei, cia ok ˜ojkgqg tgm peq˜iodo evaqloc ˜gr tou lgwamislo ˜u auto ˜u (1995 — 2014), ta 100 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja peq˜ipou ej tym opo˜iym 78 disejatoll ˜uqia ap ˜o 1gr Iamouaq˜iou 1997 jai let ˜a. Tekij ˜a ta omolastij ˜a ˜enoda ha epibaq ˜umoum tom jqatij ˜o pqoˇupokocisl ˜o jai tour voqokocoul ˜emour, ˜opyr en ˜akkou jai oi fgl˜ier ap ˜o to diawyqisl ˜o. Avet ˜eqou, g omolastij ˜g an˜ia tym en ˜odym wqglatod ˜otgsgr epgqe ˜afetai jai ap ˜o tgm en ˜eking tym epitoj˜iym: lia a ˜ungsg jat ˜a 1 % tou TLL ˜ewei yr apot ˜ekesla tgm a ˜ungsg tgr omolastij ˜gr aut ˜gr an˜iar jat ˜a 13 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja. G omola- stij ˜g aut ˜g euaishgs˜ia stgm en ˜eking tym epitoj˜iym ha ˜gtam up ˜eq tgr EPFR ap ˜o to 1995, kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg tgm pt ˜ysg tym bqawupq ˜oheslym epitoj˜iym, am to d ˜ameio tgr CL dem e˜iwe «amtistahliste˜i» tgm peq˜iodo 1995-96. D ˜umatai ˜olyr ma ˜ewei jai amt˜iheto apot ˜ekesla e ˜am ta epit ˜ojia aungho ˜um (wyq˜ir amtist ˜ahlisg tou dame˜iou). Emto ˜utoir, g abebai ˜otgta yr pqor to ˜uxor tym en ˜odym wqglatod ˜otgsgr lpoqe˜i jat ˜a ˜ema l ˜eqor ma aqhe˜i le tom upokocisl ˜o tgr paqo ˜usar an˜iar t ˜oso tym en ˜odym wqglatod ˜otgsgr ˜oso jai tym fgli ˜ym (bk ˜epe paqaj ˜aty). Upocqall˜ifetai ep˜isgr ˜oti ta ˜enoda wqglatod ˜otgsgr ˜ewoum ˜gdg aunghe˜i se sw ˜esg le tir aqwij ˜er ejtil ˜gseir tou 1995 cia d ˜uo k ˜ocour: avem ˜or, to CDR pqaclatopo˜igse l ˜omo ˜ema pok ˜u lijq ˜o l ˜eqor tym pkgqyl ˜ym tou sulletowijo ˜u dame˜iou tgr EPFR pou pqobk ˜epomtam aqwij ˜a, le apot ˜ekesla g EPFR ma lgm e˜imai se h ˜esg ma enovk ˜gsei to d ˜ameio pou ˜ekabe ap ˜o tg CL elpq ˜ohesla jai oi t ˜ojoi ma e˜imai uxgk ˜oteqoi ap ˜o to pqobkep ˜olemo. Avet ˜eqou, oi akkep ˜akkgker aun ˜gseir tym jevaka˜iym tgr EPFR ap ˜o to jq ˜ator ˜gtam amepaqje˜ir dedo- l ˜emou ˜oti e˜iwe sussyqe ˜usei t ˜ojour upeqgleq˜iar ˜emamti tgr CL, oi opo˜ioi sumep ˜acomtai a ˜ungsg tym omolastij ˜ym ˜Etsi, g EPFR g opo˜ia ˜owi l ˜omo en ˜odym wqglatod ˜otgsgr. dem ˜gtam se h ˜esg ma jatab ˜akei to jev ˜akaio tou dame˜iou stg CL cia pokk ˜a wq ˜omia, akk ˜a ta wq ˜eg tgr ha lpoqo ˜usam ma aungho ˜um se peq˜iptysg pou oi t ˜ojoi upeqgleq˜iar (18) Oi omolastij ˜er an˜ier pou ajokouho ˜um dem ejvq ˜afomtai se pa- qo ˜usa an˜ia. Cia tom upokocisl ˜o tgr paqo ˜usar an˜iar bk ˜epe paqa- j ˜aty tom upokocisl ˜o tgr ejt˜ilgsgr tou j ˜ostour tgr pq ˜angr cia to jq ˜ator. sussyqeuho ˜um enait˜iar jahusteq ˜gseym ˜g amep ˜aqjeiar tym diaqhq ˜yseym tym jevaka˜iym tgr EPFR ap ˜o to jq ˜ator, ˜opyr sum ˜ebg tgm tekeuta˜ia diet˜ia. Stgm ˜ejhesg tou 1997 (19), g EPFR jqo ˜uei tom j ˜ydyma jimd ˜umou upocqall˜i- fomtar ˜oti se peq˜iptysg pou k ˜abei l ˜omo tir pkgqyl ˜er tou sulletowijo ˜u dame˜iou pqor to CDR jai to jq ˜ator tgr jatab ˜akkei l ˜omo ta pos ˜a pou amtistoiwo ˜um stour t ˜ojour upeqgleq˜iar, ha wqeiaste˜i ma dgliouqc ˜gsei wq ˜eg pqojeil ˜e- mou ma pkgq ˜ysei tour t ˜ojour tou dame˜iou ap ˜o tgm CL (dedol ˜emou ˜oti dem d ˜umatai ma jevakaiopoigho ˜um se aut ˜o to d ˜ameio). S ˜ulvyma le tgm EPFR, «g dumat ˜otgta damei- slo ˜u cia tgm jatabok ˜g t ˜ojym, pou peqioq˜ifetai sta 50 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja le to m ˜olo tgr 28gr Moelbq˜iou 1995, emd ˜ewetai ma enamtkghe˜i to 2002 ˜eyr to 2004. » G EPFR jatak ˜gcei (20) ˜oti «se j ˜ahe peq˜iptysg ha ˜gtam jak ˜uteqa ma apoveuwhe˜i g wqglatod ˜otgsg fgli ˜ym oi opo˜ier dem d ˜uma- mtai ma jakuvho ˜um, le peqait ˜eqy dameisl ˜o o opo˜ior apk ˜yr ha aun ˜gsei tom tekij ˜o kocaqiasl ˜o». Ta stoiwe˜ia aut ˜a de˜iwmoum ˜oti lia pok ˜u lec ˜akg a ˜ungsg tou j ˜ostour tou diawyqislo ˜u e˜imai dumat ˜g ˜owi l ˜omo se ep˜ipedo CDR enait˜iar fgli ˜ym se peqiousiaj ˜a stoiwe˜ia jai jimd ˜umym ejt ˜or isokocislo ˜u, akk ˜a jai se ep˜ipedo EPFR le letabok ˜g tym en ˜odym wqglatod ˜otgsgr. G EPFR, stgm ˜ejhesg tou 1997 waqajtgq˜ifei to vaim ˜olemo aut ˜o yr «to vaim ˜olemo tgr wiomostib ˜adar» to opo˜io ha lpoqo ˜use ma amacj ˜asei to jq ˜ator ma amak ˜abei ejt ˜or ap ˜o to j ˜ostor tym basij ˜ym t ˜ojym (dgkad ˜g tou dame˜iou tgr CL pqor tgm EPFR), jai to j ˜ostor tym t ˜ojym tym sulpkgqylatij ˜ym dame˜iym ta opo˜ia ha sumavho ˜um cia tgm enupgq ˜etgsg tym t ˜ojym tou basijo ˜u dame˜iou. E ˜am oi v ˜oboi tgr EPFR c˜imoum pqaclatij ˜otgta jai amacjaste˜i ma dameiste˜i ta apaqa˜itgta wq ˜glata cia tgm enupgq ˜etgsg tou dame˜iou ap ˜o tg CL, ta ˜enoda wqglatod ˜o- tgsgr tou ˜okou lgwamislo ˜u ha letabkgho ˜um ej m ˜eou ev ˜osom oi eisvoq ˜er jevaka˜iou tou jq ˜atour pqor tgm EPFR paqal ˜emoum amepaqje˜ir jai l ˜akista ev ˜osom ta d ˜ameia tgr EPFR ha pq ˜epei ma sum ˜aptomtai le lajqopq ˜ohesla jai lesopq ˜ohesla epit ˜ojia (peq˜ipou 4,5 ˜eyr 5,5 % stir aqw ˜er tou 1998) pok ˜u am ˜yteqa tou epitoj˜iou enupgq ˜etgsgr tou dame˜iou tgr EPFR ap ˜o tg CL (85 % tou TLL, dgkad ˜g 3 % peq˜ipou stir aqw ˜er tou 1998). Emdeijtij ˜a, e ˜am to 2003 to up ˜okoipo tym m ˜eym dame˜iym tgr EPFR am ˜eqwetai se 50 dise- jatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja, to et ˜gsio j ˜ostor wqglatod ˜otgsgr tou diawyqislo ˜u emd ˜ewetai ma upeqbe˜i ta 2,9 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja (enupgq ˜etgsg tou dame˜iou tgr CL ˜opyr pqobk ˜epetai s ˜gleqa, ˜ameu amtist ˜ahlisgr) jai ma vh ˜asei ta 4,4 ˜eyr 5,5 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja, am ˜akoca le to am g EPFR ha amawqglatodote˜itai se bqawupq ˜oheslg ˜g lajqopq ˜oheslg b ˜asg. Ejt ˜or auto ˜u to jq ˜ator, let ˜a tgm ap ˜ovasg letab˜ibasgr stgm EPFR tgr sulletow ˜gr tou CDR stgm etaiqe˜ia waqto- vukaj˜iou Artemis g opo˜ia aqwij ˜a e˜iwe emtawhe˜i sto CDR, swedi ˜afei ma d ˜ysei stgm EPFR ˜ema q ˜oko wqglatod ˜otg stoi- we˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u, o opo˜ior dem pqobkep ˜otam sto sw ˜edio pou upobk ˜ghgje stgm Epitqop ˜g to 1995. Sumep ˜ace- tai ˜oti se ep˜ipedo EPFR ha lpoqo ˜usam ma sgleiyho ˜um ap ˜ykeier kocistij ˜gr an˜iar ˜g fgl˜ier ap ˜o tgm ejw ˜yqgsg peqi- ousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym. Kocij ˜a oi ap ˜ykeier an˜iar dem ha apoteko ˜um pk ˜eom euh ˜umg tou CDR tou opo˜iou oi ejtil ˜yle- mer fgl˜ier ha leiyho ˜um am ˜akoca le tir pqobk ˜exeir ep˜i tgr ˜yste g letab˜ibasg ma lgm ˜ewei sum ˜epeier cia Artemis, to s ˜umoko tgr diadijas˜iar diawyqislo ˜u. ˜etsi (19) Sek˜ida 27 tgr ˜ejhesgr tou 1997 tgr EPFR. (20) Sek˜ida 29 tgr ˜ejhesgr pou pqoamav ˜eqetai. 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/55 Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, en ˜akkou, e˜iwam av ˜gsei ma emmoghe˜i sto sw ˜edio pou up ˜ebakam tom Io ˜ukio tou 1997 ˜oti emd ˜eweto ma pqobo ˜um se m ˜ea eisvoq ˜a jevaka˜iou pqor tg CL, wyq˜ir ma amav ˜eqoum to pos ˜o. G Epitqop ˜g ha lpoqo ˜use ma sulpeqi- k ˜abei tgm eisvoq ˜a aut ˜g stom upokocisl ˜o tou sumokijo ˜u ˜uxour tym up ˜oxg emisw ˜useym. Yst ˜oso, dem ˜edysam sum ˜e- weia sto emdew ˜olemo aut ˜o. Stgm ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ, ap ˜o to pos ˜o tym emisw ˜useym avaiq ˜ehgjam di ˜avoqa stoiwe˜ia. To j ˜ostor wqglatod ˜o- tgsgr tym olokoci ˜ym ˜ameu tojoleqid˜iou avaiq ˜ehgje jai dem pq ˜ojeitai ma sulpeqikgvhe˜i stom m ˜eo upokocisl ˜o tym emisw ˜useym pqor tg CL, dedol ˜emou ˜oti oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er jat ˜estgsam sav ˜er, stgm epistok ˜g tgr 31gr Laqt˜iou 1998 tou Upouqce˜iou Ehmij ˜gr Oijomol˜iar, Oijomolij ˜ym jai Biolgwam˜iar pqor tom Ep˜itqopo j. Van Miert, ˜oti pqo ˜ebke- pam tgm jat ˜aqcgsg tgr upowq ˜eysgr wqglatod ˜otgsgr le olokoc˜ier ˜ameu tojoleqid˜iou. Aut ˜o ˜ewei yr apot ˜ekesla tgm a ˜ungsg tym ejtil ˜ylemym emisw ˜useym pqor tg CL jat ˜a 7,8 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja se sw ˜esg le to sw ˜edio tou 1995 dedol ˜emou ˜oti g tq ˜apefa ha ˜ewei apakkace˜i ap ˜o tgm ˜Ema de ˜uteqo stoiwe˜io pou avaiq ˜ehgje upowq ˜eysg aut ˜g. ˜gtam g paqo ˜usa an˜ia tym es ˜odym ap ˜o tg q ˜gtqa epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg, jah ˜yr jai upokeip ˜olemg an˜ia tgr CL (jat ˜opim ava˜iqesgr tgr q ˜gtqar). Stir epistok ˜er pou apg ˜u- hume stir 31 Laqt˜iou jai stir 3 Lai¨ou 1998 pqor tom Ep˜itqopo j. Van Miert, to Upouqce˜io Ehmij ˜gr Oijomol˜iar, Oijomolij ˜ym jai Biolgwam˜iar d ˜gkyse ep˜isgla ˜oti g Cakk˜ia amak ˜albame tg d ˜esleusg ma letabib ˜asei tg CL stom idiytij ˜o tol ˜ea pqim ap ˜o ta t ˜ekg tou 1999, jai ˜oti g q ˜gtqa ha apoteko ˜use amtije˜ilemo «ejjah ˜aqisgr». Kalb ˜a- momtar up ˜oxg tir desle ˜useir aut ˜er jai tg k ˜gng tgr pqohe- sl˜iar pou pkgsi ˜afei, g Epitqop ˜g heyqe˜i ˜oti ap ˜o to ajah ˜a- qisto pos ˜o tym emisw ˜useym e˜imai pqotil ˜oteqo ma avaiqehe˜i g an˜ia tgr sulletow ˜gr tou jq ˜atour stgm tq ˜apefa peq˜ipou (82 %) amt˜i cia to ˜ahqoisla tou pqoˇi ˜omtor tgr q ˜gtqar jai tgr upokeip ˜olemgr an˜iar tgr tq ˜apefar ˜opyr e˜iwe c˜imei to 1995. Amt˜iheta ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g pou to 1995 e˜iwe k ˜abei up ˜oxg tgr yr piham ˜o ˜uxor tym emisw ˜useym pqor tg CL ta 45 dise- jatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er he ˜yqgsam tgm epow ˜g eje˜img ˜oti o lgwamisl ˜or di ˜asysgr pou e˜iwe tehe˜i se evaq- loc ˜g ha wqglatodoto ˜umtam ap ˜o to pqoˇi ˜om tgr q ˜gtqar epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg tgr idiytijopo˜igsgr tgr CL, jai tgr jevakaiopo˜igsgr tym t ˜ojym tym olokoci ˜ym ˜ameu tojoleqid˜iou pou pqobkep ˜otam aqwij ˜a, ˜yste to jahaq ˜o pqoˇupokocistij ˜o up ˜okoipo ma e˜imai lgdemij ˜o cia to jq ˜ator jai oi voqokoco ˜ulemoi ma lgm pq ˜epei ma v ˜eqoum to j ˜ostor tgr. Stgm ˜ejhesg tgr 1gr Iouk˜iou 1997 pqor to Upouqce˜io Ehmij ˜gr Oijomol˜iar, Oijomolij ˜ym jai Biolgwa- m˜iar jai pqor to joimobo ˜ukio, g EPFR jatak ˜gcei sto sulp ˜e- qasla (21) ˜oti «ap ˜o wqglatooijomolij ˜g ˜apoxg, ta ˜gdg jatacqav ˜emta apotek ˜eslata jai g en ˜eking tym pqobk ˜e- xeym tym fgli ˜ym cia to l ˜ekkom jahisto ˜um apatgk ˜g tgm wqglatooijomolij ˜g isoqqop˜ia pou aqwij ˜a pqobkep ˜otam cia ok ˜ojkgqg tgm peq˜iodo». Se j ˜ahe peq˜iptysg oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er jai g Epitqop ˜g enajokouho ˜um ma ˜ewoum diavoqetij ˜er ap ˜oxeir ˜osom avoq ˜a to waqajt ˜gqa jai tgm ejt˜ilgsg tou ˜etsi (21) Sek˜ida 29 tgr ˜ejhesgr 1997 tgr EPFR. ˜uxour tym emisw ˜useym pou pq ˜epei ma kgvho ˜um up ˜oxg stgm paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg. Sucjejqil ˜ema, dedol ˜emou ˜oti g Epitqop ˜g he ˜yqgse ˜oti stir emisw ˜useir pqor tg CL ha ˜epqepe ma sulpeqikgvhe˜i to s ˜umoko tym fgli ˜ym tou CDR, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, stir epav ˜er tour le tgm Epitqop ˜g jah ˜yr jai se d ˜uo sglei ˜ylata tgr 25gr Moelbq˜iou 1997 jai tgr 3gr Apqik˜iou 1998 aqm ˜ghgjam ma to pq ˜anoum le tg dijaiokoc˜ia ˜oti ap ˜o tgm letab˜ibasg tym peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym sto pka˜isio tgr diadijas˜iar diawyqislo ˜u jai let ˜a, g CL dem ejpqosype˜itai se jam ˜ema ap ˜o ta ˜oqcama tou CDR jai ˜ewei, s ˜ulvyma le tgm ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ, w ˜asei j ˜ahe q ˜oko stg diawe˜iqisg jai tir apov ˜a- seir ejw ˜yqgsgr ˜g qeustopo˜igsgr tym em k ˜ocy peqiousia- j ˜ym stoiwe˜iym. Epipk ˜eom, oi kocistijo˜i jam ˜omer pou isw ˜uoum cia ta peqiousiaj ˜a stoiwe˜ia pou sulpeqik ˜gvhgjam stg diadijas˜ia diawyqislo ˜u diav ˜eqoum ap ˜o eje˜imour pou ha ˜iswuam se peq˜iptysg pou ta peqiousiaj ˜a aut ˜a stoiwe˜ia sum ˜ebakam sta apotek ˜eslata ejlet ˜akkeusgr stir tq ˜apefer. Oi jam ˜omer pou ha ˜iswuam se peq˜iptysg sumewif ˜olemgr ejlet ˜akkeusgr jah˜istamtai leqij ˜a ˜ajuqoi pq ˜acla pou odgce˜i stgm taw ˜uteqg ap ˜osbesg tym diavoq ˜ym stgm til ˜g ap ˜ojtgsgr tym peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym, pou sulb ˜akkoum stgm a ˜ungsg tym fgli ˜ym tou CDR. S ˜ulvyma le tir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, g a ˜ungsg tym ejtil ˜ylemym fgli ˜ym tou diawyqislo ˜u jat ˜a 40 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja (ap ˜o 60 disejatoll ˜uqia pou pqobk ˜epomtai to 1995 se 100,2 disejatoll ˜uqia jat’ ejt˜ilgsg stir 31. 12. 1996) dem lpoqe˜i ma jatakocishe˜i stg CL cia to k ˜oco aut ˜o. ˜Etsi, oi emisw ˜useir pqor tg CL pou kalb ˜amomtai up ˜oxg sto sumokij ˜o upokocisl ˜o ha peqioq˜i- fomtam stir aqwij ˜er fgl˜ier pou letabib ˜astgjam sto pka˜i- sio tgr diadijas˜iar diawyqislo ˜u. Se epistok ˜g tgr 3gr Apqik˜iou 1998 oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er pqote˜imoum diavoqetij ˜g l ˜ehodo, b ˜asei tgr opo˜iar kalb ˜amomtai up ˜oxg oi pqaclati- j ˜er fgl˜ier tgr CDR tgm 1g Iamouaq˜iou 1997, dgkad ˜g 64,3 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja jai upokoc˜ifetai g paqo ˜usa an˜ia tour, sulpeqikalbamol ˜emym tym en ˜odym wqglatod ˜otgsgr, le b ˜asg lajqopq ˜oheslo epit ˜ojio pq ˜acla to opo˜io odgce˜i sto pos ˜o tym 59 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym, dgkad ˜g swed ˜om to ˜idio le eje˜imo pou pqoj ˜uptei ap ˜o tgm pq ˜ytg l ˜ehodo. ˜upaqngr tgr G Epitqop ˜g dem d ˜umatai ma emsteqmiste˜i tgm epiweiqglato- koc˜ia tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym. O k ˜ocor ˜okgr diadijas˜iar diawyqislo ˜u, ap ˜o to 1995 jai let ˜a e˜imai to sw ˜edio di ˜asysgr tgr CL ˜ameu tou opo˜iou g tq ˜apefa ha ˜epqepe ma e˜iwe tehe˜i up ˜o ejjah ˜aqisg. Am aqjo ˜use g dgli- ouqc˜ia liar di ˜aqhqysgr diawyqislo ˜u ˜yste ma jope˜i j ˜ahe desl ˜or letan ˜u tgr apakkacl ˜emgr ap ˜o pqobkglatij ˜a peqi- ousiaj ˜a stoiwe˜ia epiwe˜iqgsgr jai tou jatakocislo ˜u stgm emiswu ˜olemg epiwe˜iqgsg tou sum ˜okou ˜g em ˜or l ˜eqour tym fgli ˜ym tgr di ˜aqhqysgr diawyqislo ˜u, aut ˜o ha ep ˜etqepe sta jq ˜atg l ˜ekg ma jatastqatgc ˜gsoum tir upowqe ˜yseir pou apoqq ˜eoum ap ˜o to ˜aqhqo 92 tgr sumh ˜gjgr jatave ˜ucomtar se paq ˜oloiour lgwamislo ˜ur. Stgm pqojeil ˜emg peq˜iptysg k ˜ecetai ˜oti to cemesiouqc ˜o a˜itio tym fgli ˜ym tou diawyqi- slo ˜u e˜imai, wyq˜ir ap ˜odeing pqor to amt˜iheto se lelomy- l ˜emer peqipt ˜yseir pou pq ˜ojeitai ma leketgho ˜um, g letab˜i- basg episvak ˜ym peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym to 1995 ap ˜o tg CL sto CDR to opo˜io am ˜gjei en okojk ˜gqou se aut ˜gm (paq ˜oti dem e˜imai emopoigl ˜emer ap ˜o kocistij ˜g ˜apoxg dedo- l ˜emou ˜oti oi fgl˜ier tou CDR jatakoc˜ifomtai stgm EPFR jai L 221/56 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 ˜owi stg lgtqij ˜g epiwe˜iqgsg). To j ˜ostor tou lgwamislo ˜u, pou peqikalb ˜amei tir apojk˜iseir pou amav ˜eqoum oi cakki- j ˜er aqw ˜er (let ˜abasg ap ˜o to sjeptij ˜o tgr ejlet ˜akkeusgr sto sjeptij ˜o tgr ejjah ˜aqisgr) apoteke˜i jat ˜a tgm ˜apoxg tgr Epitqop ˜gr eidij ˜o j ˜ostor tgr sucjejqil ˜emgr aut ˜gr diadi- jas˜iar up ˜eq tgr tq ˜apefar, jai pq ˜epei ma kgvhe˜i up ˜oxg yr ˜ema e˜idor «badwill» (ap ˜ykeiar an˜iar) sumdedel ˜emgr le tg dgliouqc˜ia tou lgwamislo ˜u diawyqislo ˜u. G Epitqop ˜g d ˜umatai ma dewhe˜i ˜oti oi fgl˜ier tou diawyqislo ˜u dem pq ˜epei ma jatakocisto ˜um stg CL, yr apod ˜ejtqia, l ˜omom ev ˜osom apodeiwhe˜i ˜oti to CDR dem em ˜gqcgse yr vq ˜omilor diaweiqi- st ˜gr jai le sjop ˜o tgm ejw ˜yqgsg tym diawyqish ˜emtym peqi- ousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym stgm jak ˜uteqg dumat ˜g til ˜g ˜g tgm ejjah ˜aqis ˜g tour ˜ewomtar up ˜oxg tir oijomolij ˜er epipt ˜yseir tym swetij ˜ym apov ˜aseym. Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er dem pqo ˜eba- kam epiweiq ˜glata yr pqor to h ˜ela aut ˜o jai g Epitqop ˜g stg v ˜asg aut ˜g dem d ˜umatai ma pq ˜anei diavoqetij ˜a ap ˜o to ma jatakoc˜isei yr emisw ˜useir pqor tg CL to s ˜umoko tym fgli ˜ym tou diawyqislo ˜u. Upocqall˜ifetai ˜oti to emdew ˜olemo a ˜ungsgr tym emisw ˜useym cia to j ˜ostor tou diawyqislo ˜u, se sw ˜esg le to aqwij ˜a pqobkevh ˜em pos ˜o, pqobkep ˜otam qgt ˜a stgm ap ˜ovasg ˜oti 95/547/EJ ˜opou amav ˜eqetai, sto ˜aqhqo 2, stoiwe˜io c), se peq˜iptysg a ˜ungsgr tou j ˜ostour tou lgwamislo ˜u auto ˜u, g Epitqop ˜g ha epamenet ˜asei to pos ˜o tym amtipaqow ˜ym pou kalb ˜amomtai up ˜oxg stgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr. G Epitqop ˜g sglei- ˜oti oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er dem alvisb ˜gtgsam tg di ˜atang ˜ymei ˜oti yr ej to ˜utou dem eje˜img tgr ap ˜ovasgr 95/547/EJ jai ˜ewoum ma paqousi ˜asoum s ˜gleqa diavoqetij ˜o sjeptij ˜o. Sglei ˜ymei ep˜isgr ˜oti o «lgwamisl ˜or» pou enet ˜a- fetai le tgm ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ jak ˜uptei ok ˜ojkgqo to lgwamisl ˜o diawyqislo ˜u tgr CL jai dem lpoqe˜i ma eqlgmeu- he˜i peqioqistij ˜a yr ˜ema l ˜eqor auto ˜u, ˜opyr ha sum ˜ebaime se peq˜iptysg pou kalbam ˜otam up ˜oxg g a ˜ungsg tou j ˜ostour wqglatod ˜otgsgr cia tgm «amtist ˜ahlisg» tou dame˜iou, ˜opyr pq ˜oteimam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, av ˜gmomtar jat ˜a l ˜eqor tgm a ˜ungsg ˜okym tym up ˜okoipym en ˜odym wqglatod ˜otgsgr jai tym fgli ˜ym tou diawyqislo ˜u. k ˜oco Ap ˜o ta paqap ˜amy pqoj ˜uptei ˜oti g Epitqop ˜g dijaiokocg- l ˜ema kalb ˜amei up ˜oxg to s ˜umoko tym fgli ˜ym tou diawyqi- slo ˜u, dgkad ˜g t ˜oso tir fgl˜ier pou sglei ˜yhgjam se ep˜ipedo CDR ˜oso jai tir sulpkgqylatij ˜er fgl˜ier pou ha lpoqo ˜u- sam ma elvamisto ˜um le tgm p ˜aqodo tou wq ˜omou se ep˜ipedo EPFR, juq˜iyr up ˜o loqv ˜g a ˜ungsgr tou j ˜ostour wqglatod ˜o- ˜Oka ta paqap ˜amy stoiwe˜ia se sumduasl ˜o le tgm tgsgr. enaiqetij ˜a lec ˜akg abebai ˜otgta pou enajokouhe˜i ma peqi- b ˜akei to sumokij ˜o tekij ˜o j ˜ostor tgr di ˜asysgr tgr tq ˜ape- far cia to jq ˜ator, odgco ˜um tgm Epitqop ˜g sto sulp ˜eqasla ˜oti up ˜aqwei ˜ema lec ˜ako ˜amoicla ejt˜ilgsgr tym emisw ˜useym e ˜am sto pihamokoco ˜ulemo, s ˜gleqa, j ˜ostor (jat ˜yteqg til ˜g tou amo˜iclator) pqostehe˜i to j ˜ostor pou lpoqe˜i ma elva- miste˜i w ˜aqg sta apq ˜oopta tou lgwamislo ˜u diawyqislo ˜u. 7. 2 Ejtil ˜gseir tou j ˜ostour tym l ˜etqym up ˜eq tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais. O lgwamisl ˜or pou h ˜espisam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er sum˜istatai stg wqglatod ˜otgsg tou pqoˇupokocistijo ˜u j ˜ostour tgr ˜okgr epiwe˜iqgsgr jatamelgl ˜emou se ˜ema lec ˜ako wqomij ˜o di ˜astgla, emdewol ˜emyr l ˜ewqi to 2014, dial ˜esou em ˜or dame˜iou (tgr CL pqor tgm EPFR) le epit ˜ojia pou dialoqv ˜y- momtai p ˜eqin tou epitoj˜iou tgr wqglatacoq ˜ar (TLL), sto opo˜io d ˜umamtai ma pqosteho ˜um sglamtij ˜a d ˜ameia tgr EPFR ap ˜o tgm acoq ˜a se peq˜iptysg pou oi eisvoq ˜er jevaka˜iou tou jq ˜atour dem jak ˜uptoum tir ˜aleser taleiaj ˜er tgr am ˜acjer, ˜yste ma e˜imai se h ˜esg ma jatab ˜akei tour et ˜gsiour t ˜ojour tou dame˜iou ap ˜o tg CL. Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, le tgm epiv ˜ukang tym lekkomtij ˜ym pqoˇupokocistij ˜ym epikoc ˜ym, diat ˜gqgsam lec ˜akg euekin˜ia sto pka˜isio tou lgwamislo ˜u auto ˜u, ˜osom avoq ˜a to quhl ˜o tym pkgqyl ˜ym ap ˜o tom pqoˇu- pokocisl ˜o cia to j ˜ostor tou diawyqislo ˜u. Pqojeil ˜emou ma apkousteuhe˜i o lgwamisl ˜or aut ˜or jai o upokocisl ˜or tou j ˜ostour tou, upoh ˜etomtar ˜oti ˜ewei teqlatishe˜i o diawyqi- sl ˜or peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym sto esyteqij ˜o tou CDR, d ˜umatai ma heyqghe˜i ˜oti o jq ˜ator ˜ewei tg dumat ˜otgta e˜ite ma jatab ˜akei ˜ema sulxgvistij ˜o pos ˜o ap ˜o tom pqoˇupokoci- sl ˜o cia ta j ˜ahe e˜idour up ˜okoipa tgr EPFR, epitq ˜epomt ˜ar tgr ma enovk ˜gsei al ˜esyr to up ˜okoipo tou dame˜iou pou tgr woq ˜gcgse g CL, e˜ite ma diatgq ˜gsei to d ˜ameio wqglatod ˜o- tgsgr le ta bqawupq ˜ohesla epit ˜ojia pou jahoq˜istgjam to 1995. Sto bahl ˜o pou oi pkgqyl ˜er tou CDR dem aqjo ˜um cia tgm en ˜ovkgsg tym t ˜ojym tou dame˜iou tgr CL, to jq ˜ator jat ˜a jam ˜oma ha pq ˜epei ma eisv ˜eqei jev ˜akaia stgm EPFR ˜yste ma jakuvho ˜um oi taleiaj ˜er am ˜acjer jai ma apoveuwho ˜um oi t ˜ojoi upeqgleq˜iar ap ˜o l ˜eqour tgr. Am amt˜iheta to jq ˜ator, ˜opyr ˜gdg sum ˜ebg to 1995 jai 1996 dem enasvak˜isei tgm ek ˜awistg aut ˜g wqglatod ˜otgsg tgr EPFR, g tekeuta˜ia ha enamacjashe˜i ma sum ˜axei lafij ˜a d ˜ameia stgm acoq ˜a, ˜opyr pqoj ˜uptei ap ˜o tgm pqoamaveq ˜olemg ˜ejhesg tgr EPFR tou 1996. Ejt ˜or auto ˜u, g am ˜acjg lekkomtij ˜ym eisvoq ˜ym pqor tgm EPFR ap ˜o tom jqatij ˜o pqoˇupokocisl ˜o ˜ewei aunghe˜i sglamtij ˜a enait˜iar tgr ecjat ˜akeixgr tgr k ˜usgr tym oloko- ci ˜ym ˜ameu tojoleqid˜iou stgm opo˜ia ha e˜iwe stqave˜i g EPFR le tgm apoqq ˜ovgsg 10 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym ap ˜o to d ˜ameio tgr CL. Oi qo ˜er pou ha pqaclatopoigho ˜um sto ecc ˜ur ˜g ap ˜yteqo l ˜ekkom ha enaqtgho ˜um ap ˜o tir epikoc ˜er tou jq ˜atour ˜osom avoq ˜a tom tq ˜opo a ˜ungsgr tym jevaka˜iym tgr EPFR. Aut ˜o sumep ˜acetai ˜oti ta omolastij ˜a pos ˜a wqglatod ˜otgsgr tou dame˜iou pqor tgm EPFR ˜g tym fgli ˜ym tou CDR ha pq ˜epei ma upokocisto ˜um se paqo ˜usa an˜ia ˜yste ma kgvhe˜i up ˜oxg, jat ˜a tg sticl ˜g tgr diap˜istysgr tgr ej ˜astote qo ˜gr, tgr an˜iar tym wqgl ˜atym pou sto pka˜isio tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ova- sgr am ˜acetai stir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1997. E ˜am to jq ˜ator wqglatodoto ˜use to lgwamisl ˜o diawyqislo ˜u le lajqopq ˜o- heslo d ˜ameio, p. w. le jqatij ˜er olokoc˜ier dejaeto ˜ur ˜g deja- pemtaeto ˜ur di ˜aqjeiar, g paqo ˜usa an˜ia tym lekkomtij ˜ym qo ˜ym en ˜ovkgsgr tou dame˜iou jah ˜yr jai to omolastij ˜o pos ˜o tgr sumokij ˜gr ejtil ˜ylemgr fgl˜iar tou CDR ha ˜epqepe ma upokocishe˜i le b ˜asg ˜ema lajqopq ˜oheslo epit ˜ojio. Dedol ˜emou ˜oti o up ˜oxg lgwamisl ˜or pqobk ˜epei tg wqglato- d ˜otgsg tou diawyqislo ˜u le bqawupq ˜ohesla epit ˜ojia dialoqvym ˜olema le b ˜asg to TLL sumep ˜acetai ˜oti to posost ˜o cia tom upokocisl ˜o tgr paqo ˜usar an˜iar pou ha wqgsilopoi ˜gsei g Epitqop ˜g se sw ˜esg le tir fgl˜ier tou diawyqislo ˜u jai tg wqglatod ˜otgs ˜g tour ha pq ˜epei ep˜isgr ma e˜imai ˜ema bqawupq ˜oheslo epit ˜ojio. To cecom ˜or ˜oti g Epitqop ˜g ha pqobe˜i stom upokocisl ˜o tgr paqo ˜usar an˜iar tym lekkomtij ˜ym qo ˜ym le ˜ema bqawupq ˜oheslo epit ˜ojio jahist ˜a tgm ejt˜ilgsg tou j ˜ostour wqglatod ˜otgsgr swed ˜om amen ˜aqtgtg ap ˜o tgm en ˜eking tym epitoj˜iym, le apot ˜ekesla g Epitqop ˜g, stgm xak˜ida ejtil ˜gse ˜ym tgr ma lgm kalb ˜amei up ˜oxg tgm en ˜eking tym bqawupq ˜oheslym epitoj˜iym jai o upokocisl ˜or tou sumokijo ˜u j ˜ostour tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr ma 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/57 jatak ˜gcei sta ˜idia pos ˜a cia to 1997 jai to 2014. Sumep ˜yr, to sem ˜aqio tgr euaishgs˜iar stom j˜imdumo epitoj˜iou, pou pq ˜epei ma kgvhe˜i up ˜oxg cia tgm ejt˜ilgsg tou omolastijo ˜u j ˜ostour, dem va˜imetai amacja˜io le b ˜asg ta paq ˜omta jqit ˜g- qia aniok ˜ocgsgr tgr paqo ˜usar an˜iar tou j ˜ostour tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr diawyqislo ˜u (22) (paq ˜a ta stoiwe˜ia pou pqoa- mav ˜eqomtai sto sgle˜io 6. 1, ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm euaishgs˜ia tou j ˜ostour «amtist ˜ahlisgr» stir letabok ˜er tym epito- j˜iym). O p˜imajar 15 jataqt˜istgje le b ˜asg tgm paqo ˜usa an˜ia tou j ˜ostour stir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1997 ˜opyr ha pqo ˜eju- pte ap ˜o tgm upowq ˜eysg j ˜akuxgr tym fgli ˜ym tgr epiwe˜i- qgsgr, stir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1997 le sulxgvistij ˜o pos ˜o ap ˜o tom pqoˇupokocisl ˜o cia tgm j ˜akuxg ˜okym tym kocaqia- sl ˜ym. ma upokocisto ˜um Stg b ˜asg aut ˜g, ta pos ˜a em˜iswusgr tgr CL, ajah ˜aqista jai le tgm epiv ˜ukang tym stoiwe˜iym pou ha lpoqo ˜usam ma avaiqeho ˜um, d ˜umamtai (se staheq ˜a vq ˜acja tgm 31g Dejelbq˜iou 1997), kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg tir fgl˜ier tou CDR, ta ˜enoda wqglatod ˜otgsgr, tgm amtist ˜ah- lisg tou dame˜iou pqor tgm EPFR jai tgm eisvoq ˜a jeva- ka˜iou ap ˜o to jq ˜ator to 1994 (pou ˜gdg peqikalb ˜ametai stgm em˜iswusg tym 45 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym pou ecjq˜ihgje to 1995). G l ˜ehodor aut ˜g ˜ewei paq ˜oloia apotek ˜eslata le eje˜ima pou pqoj ˜uptoum le tom upokocisl ˜o tgr paqo ˜usar an˜iar tou sum ˜okou tym eisvoq ˜ym jevaka˜iou ap ˜o to jq ˜ator stg CL jai tgm EPFR tym opo˜iym to ajqib ˜er ˜uxor jai to wqeok ˜usio dem e˜imai cmyst ˜a cia tour k ˜ocour pou pqoamav ˜e- qomtai, avaiq ˜ymtar ta ˜esoda tgr EPFR (juq˜iyr, se peq˜i- ptysg ejw ˜yqgsgr tgr q ˜gtqar epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg, ta eisod ˜glata ap ˜o tgm idiytijopo˜igsg tgr CL ta opo˜ia ha peqi ˜ekhoum stgm EPFR). G abebai ˜otgta pou epijqate˜i ˜osom avoq ˜a to ˜uxor tym fgli ˜ym tou CDR pou ha pq ˜epei ma kgvho ˜um up ˜oxg apoteke˜i tom juqi ˜oteqo ast ˜ahlgto paq ˜acomta stgm ejt˜ilgsg tym emisw ˜useym. Oi fgl˜ier ejtil ˜ghgjam ap ˜o to CDR se 100,2 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja stir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1996. G Epitqop ˜g, g opo˜ia dem cmyq˜ifei tgm an˜ia tou ejtil ˜ylemou auto ˜u poso ˜u stir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1997, e˜imai amacjasl ˜emg ma basiste˜i sto pos ˜o aut ˜o pou amav ˜eqetai sto 1996 jai ma to sulpeqik ˜abei stgm jat ˜yteqg til ˜g tgr xak˜idar emisw ˜u- seym. ˜Opyr amav ˜eqetai paqap ˜amy, oi fgl˜ier tou CDR amakalb ˜amomtai ap ˜o tgm EPFR dia l ˜esy tou sulletowijo ˜u dame˜iou pou g EPFR woq ˜gcgse sto CDR, to opo˜io dem jata- b ˜akkei tir fgl˜ier tir opo˜ier pqaclatopoie˜i. G ecc ˜ugsg tgr EPFR ˜emamti tou CDR p ˜amtyr upeqba˜imei ta 145 disejatol- l ˜uqia vq ˜acja tou sulletowijo ˜u tale˜iou (sulpeqikalbamo- l ˜emgr tgr sulpkgqylatij ˜gr d ˜osgr tym 10 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym pou tekij ˜a dem apoqqov ˜ghgje ap ˜o to CDR akk ˜a letatq ˜apgje se ecc ˜ugsg tgr EPFR cia enyteqij ˜a d ˜ameia tou CDR ˜uxour 10 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym) jai jak ˜u- ptei juq˜iyr ˜oka ta ejt ˜or isokocislo ˜u stoiwe˜ia jai id˜iyr tour jimd ˜umour ap ˜o tir di ˜avoqer em enek˜inei dijastij ˜er upoh ˜eseir pou swet˜ifomtai le ta diawyqish ˜emta peqiou- (22) Amt˜iheta, ˜opyr pqoamav ˜eqetai, g CL e˜imai eua˜ishgtg stom j˜im- dumo le˜iysgr tym epitoj˜iym pou ha odgco ˜use emdewol ˜emyr se a ˜ungsg tou j ˜ostour wqglatod ˜otgsgr tou dame˜iou. siaj ˜a stoiwe˜ia. Yr apot ˜ekesla g tekij ˜g ejt˜ilgsg tou ˜uxour tym fgli ˜ym tou CDR e˜imai idia˜iteqa ab ˜ebaig. G Epitqop ˜g, stom upokocisl ˜o tou ˜uxour tym emisw ˜useym pqor tg CL, ove˜ikei ma k ˜abei up ˜oxg to emdew ˜olemo liar apqosd ˜ojgtgr a ˜ungsgr tym fgli ˜ym tou CDR se sw ˜esg le to pos ˜o tym 100,2 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym pou upokoc˜i- stgje cia tir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1996. Paq ˜a tg le˜iysg tou upokeillatijo ˜u jimd ˜umou le tgm pq ˜oodo tou pqocq ˜allator ejw ˜yqgsgr peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym, jai pqojeil ˜emou ma kgvho ˜um up ˜oxg oi sulpkgqylatij ˜er fgl˜ier pou emd ˜ewetai ˜opyr upocqall˜istgje paqap ˜amy, ha ˜gtam ma elvamisto ˜um, vq ˜omilo jai sto st ˜adio aut ˜o ma kgvhe˜i yr b ˜asg upokoci- slo ˜u tgr am ˜yteqgr til ˜gr tou amo˜iclator ejt˜ilgsgr tym fgli ˜ym tou CDR, o j˜imdumor pou swet˜ifetai le to s ˜umoko tou sulletowijo ˜u dame˜iou. Cia tom k ˜oco aut ˜o, kalb ˜amo- mtar up ˜oxg to istoqij ˜o kamhasl ˜emym ejtil ˜gseym ap ˜o pkeuq ˜ar cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym, jai pqojeil ˜emou ma diatgqghe˜i ˜ema epaqj ˜er peqih ˜yqio k ˜ahour, g Epitqop ˜g heyqe˜i ˜oti ˜ema ˜amoicla 100,2-145 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym ha pq ˜epei ma sulpeqikgvhe˜i stom cemij ˜o upokocisl ˜o tym emisw ˜useym se sw ˜esg le tir emdew ˜olemer fgl˜ier tou CDR. Ta ˜enoda wqglatod ˜otgsgr pou amav ˜eqomtai paqaj ˜aty ejvq ˜afomtai se til ˜er paqo ˜usar an˜iar stir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1997. Ejt ˜or auto ˜u, pqobk ˜epetai ˜oti pqojeil ˜emou ma dieujo- k ˜umei tg diawe˜iqisg tym taleiaj ˜ym qo ˜ym tgr, g EPFR ˜ewei tg dumat ˜otgta ap ˜o 1gr Iamouaq˜iou 1998 ma pqobe˜i stg s ˜umaxg sulpkgqylatijo ˜u dame˜iou 10 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym ap ˜o tgm CL. G a ˜ungsg tym fgli ˜ym ap ˜o to diawy- qisl ˜o jahist ˜a epitajtij ˜oteqer tir eisvoq ˜er jevaka˜iou stgm EPFR ap ˜o to jq ˜ator ˜yste ma lpoq ˜esei ma amtapojqi- he˜i stir upowqe ˜yseir pou sumd ˜eomtai le tgm enupgq ˜etgsg tou dame˜iou tgr CL. Wyq˜ir ajqib ˜g stoiwe˜ia yr pqor to wqomodi ˜acqalla tym lekkomtij ˜ym eisvoq ˜ym jai kalb ˜amo- mtar up ˜oxg tir taleiaj ˜er dusw ˜eqeier tgr EPFR pou tgm od ˜gcgsam se jahusteq ˜gseir jatabok ˜gr tym t ˜ojym sumo- deu ˜olemer le juq ˜yseir ep˜i tym pkgqyl ˜ym tym t ˜ojym stgm CL, ha pq ˜epei jat ˜a jam ˜oma ma upokociste˜i g am ˜yteqg til ˜g tgr xak˜idar le b ˜asg tgm up ˜ohesg ˜oti g EPFR ha ˜ewei ap ˜o to 1998 jai let ˜a tg dumat ˜otgta ma sum ˜axei sulpkgqyla- tij ˜o d ˜ameio 10 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym le tg CL, cia to opo˜io up ˜aqwei pqyt ˜ojokko sulvym˜iar letan ˜u CL jai EPFR. Epipk ˜eom, jat ˜a tgm apaisi ˜od ˜ong pq ˜obkexg tgr EPFR stgm ˜ejhes ˜g tgr to 1997, ta upokeip ˜olema sulpkgqylatij ˜a d ˜ameia tgr EPFR stgm acoq ˜a vh ˜asoum peq˜i to 2003 to am ˜ytato ˜oqio tym 50 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym pou h ˜etei o m ˜olor (piham ˜g peq˜iodor cia tgm EPFR, 2002-2004) e ˜am to jq ˜ator dem eisv ˜eqei ta apaqa˜itgta jev ˜akaia. Upemhul˜ife- tai ˜oti z ˜asei tou m ˜olou tgr 28gr Dejelzq˜iou 1995 cia tg s ˜ustasg tgr EPFR (23), g tekeuta˜ia d ˜umatai ma pqoze˜i stg s ˜umaxg dame˜iym jat’ am ˜ytato ˜oqio 50 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym, cia tgm jatabok ˜g tym t ˜ojym tou dame˜iou pou sum ˜gxe le tgm Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais ( ˜aqhqo 3). (23) Bk ˜epe Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tgr cakkij ˜gr dglojqat˜iar (J. O. R. F. ) tgr 30 ˜gr Moelbq˜iou 1995, Loi 95-1251 du 28 novembre relative (cid:133) l’action de l’(cid:144)tat dans les plans de redressement du Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais et du Comptoir des entrepreneurs, Article 3. L 221/58 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 Yst ˜oso, w ˜aqg stg d ˜esleusg tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym ma idiy- tijopoi ˜gsoum tg CL to 1999, g Epitqop ˜g dem ˜ekabe up ˜oxg tour up ˜oxg jimd ˜umour up ˜eqbasgr tou j ˜ostour jat ˜a tgm ejt˜ilgsg tou ˜uxour tym sulpkgqylatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym pqor tg CL: se peq˜iptysg pou g CL ˜omtyr idiytijopoighe˜i to 1999, g EPFR ha k ˜abei al ˜esyr tgm an˜ia tgr sulletow ˜gr tou jq ˜atour g opo˜ia ha pykghe˜i, pq ˜acla to opo˜io ha tgr d ˜ysei sglamtij ˜a taleiaj ˜a peqih ˜yqia epitq ˜epomt ˜ar tgr ma apov ˜ucei peqait ˜eqy wq ˜eg jai ma lei ˜ysei to upokeip ˜olemo d ˜ameio tgr CL le tgm en ˜ovkgsg tou aqwijo ˜u poso ˜u tou dame˜iou. Stgm peq˜iptysg pou to jq ˜ator diatgq ˜gsei to 10 % tym letow ˜ym jai pykghe˜i to up ˜okoipo 72 % tym letow ˜ym pou jat ˜ewei stgm tq ˜apefa (to leq˜idio tou jq ˜atour tgr CL am ˜eqwetai se 82 %) g EPFR ha ek ˜albame to 1999, le tgm idiytijopo˜igsg, jev ˜akaia ˜uxour 25 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜a- cjym (24). To pos ˜o aut ˜o ˜olyr dem pq ˜ojeitai ma epaqj ˜esei cia tgm enasv ˜akisg tgr enupgq ˜etgsgr tou dame˜iou tgr tq ˜apefar sto l ˜ekkom, le apot ˜ekesla ma e˜imai apaqa˜itgter peqait ˜eqy tajtij ˜er eisvoq ˜er jevaka˜iym ap ˜o to jq ˜ator ˜yste ma lgm c˜imei pqaclatij ˜otgta to sem ˜aqio pou peqicq ˜a- vetai stgm ˜ejhesg tgr EPFR. Jat ˜a p ˜asa piham ˜otgta, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er ha woqgco ˜um jat ˜a peqi ˜odour jomd ˜ukia ap ˜o tom jqatij ˜o pqoˇupokocisl ˜o avem ˜or cia ma enupgqetgho ˜um oi et ˜gsioi t ˜ojoi tou dame˜iou tgr EPFR ap ˜o tg CL, jai avet ˜eqou cia ma enovke˜itai tlgla- tij ˜a to aqwij ˜o pos ˜o tou dame˜iou ˜yste ma lgm wqei ˜afetai ma jatabkghe˜i ev ˜apan to 2014 jai ma jatamelghe˜i to b ˜aqor tou dame˜iou se peqiss ˜oteqa oijomolij ˜a ˜etg (yst ˜oso, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er dem d ˜umatai ma amak ˜aboum desle ˜useir yr pqor to h ˜ela aut ˜o wyq˜ir tgm epiv ˜ukang tgr enous˜iar tou cakkijo ˜u joimobouk˜iou se h ˜elata pqoˇupoko- cislo ˜u). Up ˜o tgm pqoˇup ˜ohesg ˜oti ha tqovodote˜i tajtij ˜a jai le epaqj ˜g jev ˜akaia tgm EPFR ˜yste ma jak ˜uptomtai oi taleiaj ˜er am ˜acjer jai ma lgm wqei ˜afetai ma dame˜ifetai, to ˜uxor tgr em˜iswusgr dem enaqt ˜atai ap ˜o tgm ˜upaqng ajqibo ˜ur wqomodiacq ˜allator eisvoq ˜ym jevaka˜iou ap ˜o pkeuq ˜ar cakkijo ˜u jq ˜atour. To paq ˜om pos ˜o upokoc˜istgje stg b ˜asg aut ˜g. Upocqall˜ifetai ˜oti ta d ˜uo sem ˜aqia aniok ˜ocgsgr pou ajokouho ˜um stom p˜imaja 15 bas˜ifomtai jat’ am ˜acjg se apkouste ˜useir: g Epitqop ˜g dem diah ˜etei stoiwe˜ia pou ha ep ˜etqepam ma jataqtiste˜i ˜emar p˜imajar, apait ˜gseym- upowqe ˜yseym tgr EPFR, pou ha ˜gtam o l ˜omor tq ˜opor ma upokociste˜i epajqib ˜yr to tekij ˜o j ˜ostor tgr ˜okgr epiwe˜i- qgsgr. G Epitqop ˜g yst ˜oso heyqe˜i ˜oti to lec ˜ako ˜amoicla stgm ejt˜ilgsg tou j ˜ostour tou lgwamislo ˜u diawyqislo ˜u pou ajokouhe˜i d˜imei lia ˜oso to dumat ˜om amtijeilemij ˜oteqg eij ˜oma tym peqihyq˜iym letan ˜u tym opo˜iym ha jimghe˜i tekij ˜a to sumokij ˜o j ˜ostor tou lgwamislo ˜u cia to jq ˜ator. P˜imajar 15 Xak˜ida ejtil ˜gseym cia tir emisw ˜useir pqor tgm Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais (Sumokij ˜er pqobkep ˜olemer emisw ˜useir sto sw ˜edio tou Iouk˜iou, sulpeqikalbamol ˜emym jai tym emisw ˜useym pou ecjq˜ihgjam cia tgm peq˜iodo 1995-96) Emisw ˜useir 1995 Sulpkgqylatij ˜er emisw ˜useir jat ˜yteqg til ˜g 95-98 Sumokij ˜er (1) emisw ˜useir Jat ˜yteqg til ˜g 95-98 Sulpkgqylatij ˜er emisw ˜useir Am ˜yteqg til ˜g 95-98 Sumokij ˜er emisw ˜useir Am ˜yteqg til ˜g 95-98 (se disejatoll˜uqia FRF) 1. Sulpkgqylatij ˜er fgl˜ier CDR A ˜ungsg ap ˜o 60 se 100-145 disejatoll ˜uqia FRF 2. Pkeomaslatij ˜a ˜enoda wqglatod ˜otgsgr Ap ˜o to 1995 ˜eyr to 1997, se sw ˜esg le to sw ˜edio tou 1995 3. Aito ˜ulemg amtist ˜ahlisg Paqo ˜usa an˜ia tou 1997-2014 4. Epib ˜aqumsg tgr CL le to 15 % tou TLL Paqo ˜usa an˜ia 1997-2014 5. ˜Esoda q ˜gtqar 1 disejatoll ˜uqio FRF tgm peq˜iodo 1995-97 6. Letabok ˜g tgr an˜iar tgr CL (2) A ˜ungsg jat ˜a 4 disejatoll ˜uqia FRF 7. Olokoc˜ier ˜ameu tojoleqid˜iou An˜ia pou avaiq ˜ehgje ap ˜o tgm em˜iswusg tou 1995 Sumokij ˜er jahaq ˜er emisw ˜useir 41 (24) B ˜asei ejt˜ilgsgr tgr an˜iar tgr CL se 35 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja. 40,2 4,6 20,3 –7,2 –1 –4 7,8 61 85 4,6 20,3 –7,2 –1 –4 7,8 102 106 147 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/59 Emisw ˜useir 1995 Sulpkgqylatij ˜er emisw ˜useir jat ˜yteqg til ˜g 95-98 Sumokij ˜er (1) emisw ˜useir Jat ˜yteqg til ˜g 95-98 Sulpkgqylatij ˜er emisw ˜useir Am ˜yteqg til ˜g 95-98 Sumokij ˜er emisw ˜useir Am ˜yteqg til ˜g 95-98 (se disejatoll˜uqia FRF) Ajah ˜aqister emisw ˜useir (ejt ˜or tgr avaiqo ˜ulemgr an˜iar tgr sulletow ˜gr tou jq ˜atour tgr CL) 130 175 Pos ˜o pou ecjq˜ihgje to 1995 Pos ˜o pou ecjq˜ihgje to 1996 (epe˜icouser emisw ˜useir) Sumokij ˜o pos ˜o ecjqiheis ˜ym emisw ˜useym 45 4 49 Sulpkgqylatij ˜er emisw ˜useir se sw ˜esg le tir emisw ˜useir pou ecjq˜ihgjam to 1995-96 53 jat ˜yteqg til ˜g 98 am ˜yteqg til ˜g Upokocisl˜or: Euqypaˇij ˜g Epitqop ˜g (1) O upokocisl ˜or tgr sumokij ˜gr em˜iswusgr c˜imetai le tgm pq ˜oshesg tym sulpkgqylatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym, stgm paqo ˜usa an˜ia tour stir 31. 12. 1997 jai tym emisw ˜useym ˜opyr tir ejt˜ilgse g Epitqop ˜g to 1995. O upokocisl ˜or, o opo˜ior aposjope˜i juq˜iyr tom emtopisl ˜o tym lg ecjejqil ˜emym sulpkgqylatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym pqor tg CL, dem kalb ˜amei up ˜oxg tgm paqo ˜usa an˜ia stir 31. 12. 1997 tym ejtil ˜ylemym emisw ˜useym cia to 1995. O pk ˜gqgr upokocisl ˜or tgr paqo ˜usar an˜iar tym emisw ˜useym ha jat ˜ekgce se ekavq ˜a lecak ˜uteqo pos ˜o (diavoq ˜a 3 ˜eyr 4 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym), pq ˜acla pou dem epgqe ˜afei tgm ejt˜ilgsg tym sulpkgqylatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym. (2) To pos ˜o tym 4 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym amtistoiwe˜i se a ˜ungsg tgr an˜iar tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais ap ˜o to 1995 l ˜ewqi to 1998 let ˜a tgm ava˜iqesg tgr em˜iswusgr. B ˜asei tym d ˜uo semaq˜iym am ˜yteqgr jai jat ˜yteqgr til ˜gr, oi emisw ˜useir pou pqoj ˜uptoum ap ˜o to sw ˜edio tou Iouk˜iou 1997, ajah ˜aqister (dgkad ˜g pqim ap ˜o tgm ava˜iqesg tym es ˜odym tgr q ˜gtqar epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg jai tgr idiytijo- po˜igsgr), pou swet˜ifomtai le to lgwamisl ˜o tou diawyqi- slo ˜u (pqosh ˜etomtar tgm paqo ˜usa an˜ia tou j ˜ostour tgr eisvoq ˜ar jevaka˜iym tou 1994) d ˜umatai ma topohetghe˜i, se paqo ˜usa an˜ia, letan ˜u 130 jai 175 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym. G Epitqop ˜g, kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg tom enaiqetij ˜a idi ˜otupo waqajt ˜gqa tou lgwamislo ˜u tou diawyqislo ˜u b ˜asei tou opo˜iou to pqoˇi ˜om tgr idiytijopo˜igsgr tgr tq ˜apefar peqi ˜eq- wetai stgm EPFR, avaiqe˜i ap ˜o to ajah ˜aqisto pos ˜o tym emisw ˜useym tgm an˜ia tgr sulletow ˜gr tou jq ˜atour stgm CL. G tq ˜apefa — s ˜ulboukor tgr Epitqop ˜gr ejt˜ilgse, sta t ˜ekg tou 1997, tgm an˜ia tgr CL se 34-35 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja basif ˜olemg sta stoiwe˜ia tou swed˜iou pou upobk ˜ghgje tom Io ˜ukio tou 1997 jai se pkgqovoq˜ier pou paqe˜iwe g CL sta t ˜ekg tou 1997. G Epitqop ˜g, en ˜akkou, ˜ekabe cm ˜ysg jai ˜akkym pk ˜eom pq ˜osvatym ejtil ˜gseym, ap ˜o amen ˜aqtgter pgc ˜er tom Apq˜ikio tou 1998, oi opo˜ier topoheto ˜um tgm an˜ia tgr tq ˜apefar se aishgt ˜a am ˜yteqo ep˜ipedo, dgkad ˜g jat ˜a l ˜eso ˜oqo se 46 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja. Yst ˜oso, oqisl ˜emer ap ˜o tir ejtil ˜gseir aut ˜er ˜ecimam le alet ˜abkgto e ˜uqor emopo˜igsgr jai le tgm up ˜ohesg tgr pk ˜gqour amtist ˜ahlisgr tou dame˜iou. Oi ejtil ˜gseir aut ˜er ˜ecimam pqim apovasisto ˜um oi sulpkgqylatij ˜er ejwyq ˜gseir peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym se amtist ˜ahlisla tym emisw ˜useym pou enet ˜afomtai sto pka˜isio tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr. S ˜ulvyma le to amahey- qgl ˜emo epiweiqglatij ˜o pq ˜ocqalla pou g tq ˜apefa joimopo˜i- gse stgm Epitqop ˜g stir aqw ˜er tou Lai¨ou 1998, oi ejwyq ˜g- seir ˜ewoum sglamtij ˜o amt˜ijtupo sto ep˜ipedo dqastgqiot ˜g- tym jai sta apotek ˜eslata tgr tq ˜apefar, jai ha ˜ewoum yr sum ˜epeia l ˜ewqi to 1999 tg le˜iysg jat ˜a 7-10 disejatoll ˜u- qia vq ˜acja peq˜ipou tou jahaqo ˜u tqapefijo ˜u pqoˇi ˜omtor jai jat ˜a 3,3 ˜eyr 6 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja tym ajah ˜aqistym apotekesl ˜atym ejlet ˜akkeusgr (25), se sw ˜esg le tir pqobk ˜e- (25) Xak˜ida le˜iysgr b ˜asei tym jqitgq˜iym «amtist ˜ahlisgr» tou da- me˜iou tou 1999, bk ˜epe paqaj ˜aty sgle˜io 10. 4. xeir tou swed˜iou tou Iouk˜iou 1997. Sto bahl ˜o pou g an˜ia liar epiwe˜iqgsgr sum˜istatai jat ˜a j ˜uqio k ˜oco stgm paqo ˜usa an˜ia tou ahqo˜islator tym taleiaj ˜ym tgr qo ˜ym, pqoj ˜uptei lia sglamtij ˜g di ˜oqhysg stgm an˜ia tgr tq ˜apefar g opo˜ia, sto st ˜adio aut ˜o jai le b ˜asg tir tekeuta˜ier enek˜i- neir, dem ˜ewei kgvhe˜i pk ˜gqyr up ˜oxg o ˜ute stir tekeuta˜ier ejtil ˜gseir stir opo˜ier pqo ˜ebg g tq ˜apefa, o ˜ute ap ˜o tgm acoq ˜a. G Epitqop ˜g, stg b ˜asg aut ˜g jai paq ˜a tg lec ˜akg abebai ˜o- tgta ove˜ikei, sto pka˜isio tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr, ma peqioqiste˜i stgm aniok ˜ocgsg tgr tq ˜apefar-sulbo ˜ukou sta t ˜ekg tou 1997. Le tgm up ˜ohesg tgr pk ˜gqour ava˜iqesgr tgr an˜iar tgr sulletow ˜gr tou jq ˜atour (82 % tou jevaka˜iou) stg CL, dgkad ˜g peq˜ipou 28 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja, ap ˜o to ajah ˜aqisto pos ˜o tym emisw ˜useym, to jahaq ˜o j ˜ostor tym emisw ˜useym pqor tg CL cia to jq ˜ator lei ˜ymetai peqait ˜eqy letan ˜u 102 jai 147 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja. Se j ˜ahe peq˜i- ptysg, ta ˜esoda ap ˜o tgm idiytijopo˜igsg, ˜oso xgk ˜a jai am e˜imai, dem h ˜etoum up ˜o alvisb ˜gtgsg to lec ˜ako ˜uxor tym up ˜oxg sulpkgqylatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym. Stg b ˜asg aut ˜g, to dieuqul ˜emo ˜amoicla emisw ˜useym sto opo˜io jat ˜ekgne g Epitqop ˜g, kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg ta apq ˜o- opta tou lgwamislo ˜u diawyqislo ˜u jai to ajqib ˜er ˜uxor tym es ˜odym ap ˜o tgm idiytijopo˜igsg tgr CL, e˜imai pok ˜u lec ˜ako (102 ˜eyr 147 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja) pq ˜acla pou amti- stoiwe˜i sto dipk ˜asio jai tqipk ˜asio tym emisw ˜useym pou ecjq˜ihgjam to 1995 jai 1996. Stgm epistok ˜g tour pqor tgm Epitqop ˜g stir 3 Apqik˜iou 1998, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er paqousi ˜afoum diavoqetij ˜a pos ˜a ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm em˜iswusg, jatak ˜gcomtar se ˜amoicla 52,4 ˜eyr 71,2 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja. Evaql ˜ofomtar peqih ˜yqio ˜opyr e˜iwe k ˜ahour 10 % stgm am ˜yteqg til ˜g tgr xak˜idar, c˜imei stgm ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ, jatak ˜gcoum sto sulp ˜eqa- sla ˜oti g sumokij ˜g em˜iswusg pqor tg CL d ˜umatai ma upoko- ciste˜i se 80 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja jat’ am ˜ytato ˜oqio. L 221/60 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 G Epitqop ˜g dem d ˜ewetai tgm ejt˜ilgsg aut ˜g cia tour en ˜gr k ˜ocour: i) jat’ aqw ˜gm, ˜opyr pqoamav ˜eqetai, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er dem jatakoc˜ifoum yr em˜iswusg pqor tg CL to s ˜umoko tym fgli ˜ym tou diawyqislo ˜u akk ˜a l ˜omom tir fgl˜ier pou ejti- l ˜ghgjam jat ˜a tgm letab˜ibasg tym peqiousiaj ˜ym stoi- we˜iym jai tym upowqe ˜yseym sto CDR to 1995. O leqi- j ˜or aut ˜or jatakocisl ˜or odgce˜i se le˜iysg tym fgli ˜ym jat ˜a 40 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja se sw ˜esg le tir fgl˜ier tou CDR ˜opyr tir ejt˜ilgse g Epitqop ˜g yr b ˜asg upoko- cislo ˜u tgr xak˜idar ejt˜ilgsgr tym fgli ˜ym tou CDR. G Epitqop ˜g, cia tour k ˜ocour pou pqoamav ˜eqomtai, dem d ˜umatai ma dewhe˜i to leqij ˜o aut ˜o jatakocisl ˜o o opo˜ior apoteke˜i to j ˜uqio stoiwe˜io ap ˜ojkisgr letan ˜u tou upokocislo ˜u tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym jai tou dijo ˜u tgr. Jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia sumamt ˜gseym sta t ˜ekg tou 1997 le ejpqos ˜ypour tgr CL jai tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym, jai sucjejqil ˜ema stg sumedq˜iasg tgr 28gr Moelbq˜iou 1997, g Epitqop ˜g jat ˜estgse sav ˜er ˜oti stg v ˜asg aut ˜g ha pq ˜epei ma kgvhe˜i up ˜oxg to s ˜umoko tgr a ˜ungsgr tym fgli ˜ym tou CDR, sto pos ˜o tym emisw ˜useym pqor tg CL. Oi ejpq ˜osypoi tgr Epitqop ˜gr epam ˜ekabam tg h ˜esg aut ˜g stir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er se sum ˜amtgsg pou pqaclatopoi ˜g- hgje stir aqw ˜er Lai¨ou 1998 stir Bqun ˜ekker. ii) g de ˜uteqg sglamtij ˜g ap ˜ojkisg swet˜ifetai le tg sulpe- q˜ikgxg tym jimd ˜umym pou em ˜ewomtai sto s ˜ustgla diawyqislo ˜u. G Epitqop ˜g heyqe˜i ˜oti g ecc ˜ugsg tgr to CDR (dgkad ˜g 145 disejatoll ˜uqia EPFR pqor vq ˜acja) ha lpoqo ˜use se lec ˜ako bahl ˜o ma wqgsilopoi- ghe˜i p ˜eqam tgr ejt˜ilgsgr fgli ˜ym ˜uxour 100,2 diseja- tolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym, jai ˜oti g a ˜ungsg tym fgli ˜ym tou CDR pou ˜ewei diapistyhe˜i l ˜ewqi s ˜gleqa d ˜umatai ma sumewiste˜i. Le tom tq ˜opo aut ˜o to am ˜ytato ˜oqio tgr xak˜idar ejt˜ilgsgr tym emisw ˜useym pq ˜epei ma kalb ˜amei up ˜oxg tom j˜imdumo pou swet˜ifetai le to d ˜ameio (heyqg- tij ˜a, e˜imai uxgk ˜oteqo dedol ˜emou ˜oti g jqatij ˜g ecc ˜ugsg e˜imai apeqi ˜oqistg). Sto sem ˜aqio aut ˜o, g letabok ˜g tym fgli ˜ym tou CDR d ˜umatai ma sumode ˜uetai jai ap ˜o leta- bok ˜g tym sulpkgqylatij ˜ym en ˜odym wqglatod ˜otgsgr ta opo˜ia baq ˜umoum tgm EPFR, pq ˜acla pou emd ˜ewetai ma amacj ˜asei tgm EPFR ma aniopoi ˜gsei tir dumat ˜otgter dameislo ˜u up ˜o tgm acoq ˜a tir opo˜ier tgr paq ˜ewei o m ˜olor. To de ˜uteqo aut ˜o sglamtij ˜o stoiwe˜io ap ˜ojkisgr sumep ˜acetai am ˜ytato ˜oqio amo˜iclator jat ˜a 45 diseja- toll ˜uqia vq ˜acja p ˜amy ap ˜o to pos ˜o pou ˜ekabam up ˜oxg tour oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er. G Epitqop ˜g evaql ˜ofei lia svai- qij ˜oteqg l ˜ehodo ap ˜o tir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er epiweiq ˜ymtar ma sulpeqik ˜abei to s ˜umoko tym piham ˜ym fgli ˜ym tou diawyqislo ˜u se ep˜ipedo EPFR. iii) Tq˜itom, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er upokoc˜ifoum tgm paqo ˜usa an˜ia tym fgli ˜ym jai tym en ˜odym wqglatod ˜otgsgr (ta basij ˜a ˜enoda wqglatod ˜otgsgr tou dame˜iou «sum amti- st ˜ahlisg») le lajqopq ˜oheslo epit ˜ojio, dgkad ˜g eje˜i- mym tym jqatij ˜ym dame˜iym [lajqopq ˜ohesler jqatij ˜er olokoc˜ier obligations assimilabes de tr(cid:130)sor, (OAT)] cia 10 ˜etg ˜iso le 5,7 %. G Epitqop ˜g sulvyme˜i le tir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er yr pqor tg l ˜ehodo g opo˜ia sum˜istatai stom upokocisl ˜o tgr paqo ˜usar an˜iar tou ahqo˜islator tym fgli ˜ym jai tym en ˜odym wqglatod ˜otgsgr. Upocqall˜ifei yst ˜oso ˜oti o lajqopq ˜oheslor sumtekest ˜gr paqo ˜usar an˜iar jatak ˜gcei lgwamij ˜a se ˜ema pos ˜o paqo ˜usar an˜iar tym sussyqeul ˜emym le ta ˜enoda wqglatod ˜otgsgr fgli ˜ym pou cia to 2014 e˜imai jat ˜yteqo ap ˜o tgm omola- stij ˜g an˜ia tym fgli ˜ym aut ˜ym to 1997 ( ˜g, am ˜akoca le tg l ˜ehodo, to 1995), dedol ˜emou ˜oti ta ˜enoda wqglatod ˜otg- sgr pqosdioq˜ifomtai le bqawupq ˜oheslo epit ˜ojio (85 % tou TLL), jat ˜yteqo jat ˜a peqiss ˜oteqo ap ˜o 2 pososti- a˜ier lom ˜ader ap ˜o tom lajqopq ˜oheslo sumtekest ˜g paqo ˜usar an˜iar pou wqgsilopo˜igsam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er. G l ˜ehodor tou upokocislo ˜u tgr paqo ˜usar an˜iar le lajqopq ˜oheslo epit ˜ojio, b ˜asei tgr opo˜iar dialoqv ˜yme- tai g ejt˜ilgsg tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym, evaqlof ˜olemg se ˜ema lgwamisl ˜o t ˜oso lec ˜akgr di ˜aqjeiar ( 1995-2014), kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg tgm ˜ejtasg tym fgli ˜ym jai tou upokeip ˜olemou dame˜iou, ˜ewei sglamtij ˜o posotij ˜o amt˜i- jtupo jai stgm peq˜iptysg pou sgleiyhe˜i fgl˜ia to 2014, jatak ˜gcei se ek ˜attysg tgr paqo ˜usar an˜iar tym fgli ˜ym ap ˜o to diawyqisl ˜o jat ˜a peqiss ˜oteqo ap ˜o 25 diseja- ˜oti to toll ˜uqia vq ˜acja. G l ˜ehodor aut ˜g pqoˇupoh ˜etei jq ˜ator e˜imai se h ˜esg ma letatq ˜exei lia upowq ˜eysg le 85 % tou TLL se lajqopq ˜oheslg apa˜itgsg le 5,7 % dgkad ˜g 2,7 posostia˜ier lom ˜ader paqap ˜amy se sw ˜esg le s ˜gleqa. Stgm peq˜iptysg pou to jq ˜ator ˜gtam ap ˜o diaq- hqytij ˜g pkeuq ˜a o dameist ˜gr, ha lpoqo ˜use ma epyvekg- he˜i ap ˜o tgm letatqop ˜g em ˜or dame˜iou pou ˜ewei k ˜abei le bqawupq ˜oheslo epit ˜ojio se d ˜ameio to opo˜io woqgce˜i le lajqopq ˜oheslo epit ˜ojio (op ˜ote ˜olyr o paq ˜ym diawyqi- sl ˜or dem ha ˜gtam apaqa˜itgtor). Yst ˜oso, to jq ˜ator ap ˜o diaqhqytij ˜g ˜apoxg e˜imai stg h ˜esg tou dameifol ˜emou jai yr ej to ˜utou dem d ˜umatai ma epyvekghe˜i ap ˜o tir dumat ˜otgter letatqop ˜gr pou ep ˜etqepe to d ˜ameio tgr CL, pou letabib ˜astgje en okojk ˜gqou stg CDR jai paq ˜acei l ˜omom fgl˜ier. L˜ia pqosp ˜aheia ma epyvekghe˜i ap ˜o tg dumat ˜otgta letatqop ˜gr bqawupq ˜oheslym se lajqopq ˜ohesla epit ˜ojia, oi olokoc˜ier ˜ameu tojoleqi- d˜iou, pou aqwij ˜a pqobkep ˜otam to 1995 cia pos ˜o l ˜omo 10 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym dgkad ˜g pok ˜u lijq ˜oteqo ap ˜o eje˜imo tym up ˜o en ˜etasg fgli ˜ym (jai to opo˜io l ˜aki- sta ˜epqepe ma wqglatodotghe˜i ap ˜o tg CL jai ˜owi ap ˜o to jq ˜ator) ap ˜etuwe. A fortiori, koip ˜om g Epitqop ˜g dem d ˜umatai ma jatak ˜gnei sto sulp ˜eqasla ˜oti to jq ˜ator e˜imai se h ˜esg ma epyvekghe˜i ap ˜o tg dumat ˜otgta leta- tqop ˜gr tym epitoj˜iym tir opo˜ier pqosv ˜eqei to d ˜ameio tgr CL se bqawupq ˜ohesla epit ˜ojia, cia to s ˜umoko tym fgli ˜ym (touk ˜awistom 100 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja). tym Stgm peq˜iptysg aut ˜g, to jq ˜ator cmyq˜ifomtar ˜oti g ejti- l ˜ylemg fgli ˜a e˜iwe vh ˜asei ta 100 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja, ha e˜iwe pqobe˜i to 1997, se eisvoq ˜a jomduk˜iym ap ˜o tom pqoˇupokocisl ˜o ˜uxour pokk ˜ym dej ˜adym diseja- tolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym pqor tgm EPFR, jev ˜akaia ta opo˜ia g EPFR ha lpoqo ˜use ma epistq ˜exei lajqopq ˜ohesla le epit ˜ojio 5,7 % l ˜ewqi to 2014, pqojeil ˜emou ma epyvekg- he˜i ap ˜o tg diavoq ˜a letan ˜u bqawupq ˜oheslym jai lajqo- pq ˜oheslym epitoj˜iym. G Epitqop ˜g yr ej to ˜utou dem e˜imai dumat ˜om ma paqale˜imei se ˜ema sjeptij ˜o upokoci- slo ˜u tgr paqo ˜usar an˜iar le lajqopq ˜oheslo epit ˜ojio, to opo˜io odgce˜i se ek ˜attysg tou j ˜ostour diawyqislo ˜u wyq˜ir jal˜ia sw ˜esg le tgm pqaclatij ˜otgta tou up ˜oxg ˜oti paq ˜oti to lgwamislo ˜u. Deuteqeu ˜omtyr episgla˜imei jq ˜ator ˜gtam se h ˜esg ma epyvekghe˜i ap ˜o tir dumat ˜otg- ter letatqop ˜gr tym epitoj˜iym, enajokouho ˜use ma up ˜aq- wei j ˜apoior j˜imdumor ( ˜oti ta bqawupq ˜ohesla epit ˜ojia ha ˜evhamam to ˜uxor tym lajqopq ˜oheslym epitoj˜iym, p. w. se peq˜iptysg upeqh ˜eqlamsgr tgr oijomol˜iar) tom opo˜io stgm peq˜iptysg eje˜img ha ˜epqepe ma k ˜abei up ˜oxg stgm ejt˜ilgs ˜g tgr ˜etsi ˜yste to apot ˜ekesla tym ejtil ˜g- se ˜ym tgr ma e˜imai sucjq˜isilo. 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/61 iv) T ˜etaqtom, ˜opyr pqoamav ˜eqetai, g Epitqop ˜g dem ˜ekabe up ˜oxg stom pqogco ˜ulemo upokocisl ˜o tour jimd ˜umour a ˜ungsgr tym en ˜odym wqglatod ˜otgsgr pou tom˜ifomtai stgm ˜ejhesg tgr EPFR to 1997. Le b ˜asg tour jimd ˜umour auto ˜ur, to am ˜ytato ˜oqio tgr xak˜idar ejtil ˜gseym tgr Epitqop ˜gr ha ˜epqepe ma aunghe˜i jat ˜a to ˜uxor tgr enupgq ˜etgsgr tou wq ˜eour pou ha dgliouqco ˜use g EPFR ˜emamti tgr CL (sulpkgqylatij ˜g d ˜osg 10 disejatollu- q˜iym vq ˜acjym) jai ˜emamti tgr acoq ˜ar (dumat ˜otgta dameislo ˜u ˜akkym 50 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym tgm opo˜ia paq ˜ewei o m ˜olor). Oi di ˜avoqer aut ˜er apojk˜iseir amacj ˜afoum tgm Epitqop ˜g ma lg dewhe˜i tgm ejt˜ilgsg tou ˜uxour tym emisw ˜useym pqor tg CL pou up ˜ebakam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er. 7. 3 Sulpkgqylatij ˜er emisw ˜useir pqor tgm Cr(cid:130)dit Lyon- nais se sw ˜esg le to pos ˜o pou ecjq˜ihgje to 1995 ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g Sulpeqaslatij ˜a, oi sulpkgqylatij ˜er emisw ˜useir se sw ˜esg le to pos ˜o pou em ˜ejqime g Epitqop ˜g stgm ap ˜ovasg 95/547/ EJ peqikalb ˜amoum: — tir sulpkgqylatij ˜er fgl˜ier tou CDR pou am ˜ekabe to jq ˜ator l ˜esy tou lgwamislo ˜u tou sulletowijo ˜u dame˜iou tgr EPFR sto CDR, — ta sulpkgqylatij ˜a ˜enoda wqglatod ˜otgsgr stgm EPFR, jai id˜iyr tgm «amtist ˜ahlisg» tou dame˜iou tgr CL pqor tgm EPFR ap ˜o to 1995 ˜eyr to 2014, — tgm paqa˜itgsg ap ˜o tir olokoc˜ier ˜ameu tojoleqid˜iou pou pqobk ˜epomtam sto epiweiqglatij ˜o pq ˜ocqalla tou 1995 jai stgm ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ tym opo˜iym ta ˜esoda, stgm paqo ˜usa an˜ia tour, e˜iwam avaiqehe˜i ap ˜o tir ecjqi- he˜iser emisw ˜useir. G Epitqop ˜g upemhul˜ifei ˜oti stgm ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ, sto ˜oti am to j ˜ostor tom ˜aqhqo 2, stoiwe˜io c), pqobk ˜epei sust ˜glator, pou ejtil ˜atai se 45 disejatoll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja, upeqbe˜i to ˜oqio aut ˜o, ha pq ˜epei ma epamanetaste˜i g sglas˜ia tgr le˜iysgr tgr elpoqij ˜gr paqous˜iar tgr Cr(cid:130)dit ˜opyr e˜iwam dewhe˜i oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er. Ap ˜o ta stoi- Lyonnais, ˜oti opoiad ˜gpote up ˜eqbasg tou ecje- we˜ia aut ˜a pqoj ˜uptei jqil ˜emou am ˜ytatou oq˜iou tym 45 disejatolluq˜iym cakki- j ˜ym vq ˜acjym ha pq ˜epei ma apotek ˜esei amtije˜ilemo epamen ˜e- tasgr sto pka˜isio tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr, pqojeil ˜emou ma pqosdioqiste˜i am oi up ˜oxg sulpkgqylatij ˜er emisw ˜useir e˜imai sulbib ˜asiler le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a. Se s ˜ucjqisg le to ˜uxor tym ecjejqil ˜emym emisw ˜useym tou 1995 jai 1996 g ejtil ˜ylemg sulpkgqylatij ˜g em˜iswusg e˜imai se j ˜ahe peq˜iptysg sglamtij ˜g. Le b ˜asg tg dieuqu- l ˜emg xak˜ida emisw ˜useym 102 ˜eyr 147 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja ˜opyr pqoj ˜uptei ap ˜o tgm paqap ˜amy l ˜ehodo, g omolastij ˜g sulpkgqylatij ˜g em˜iswusg jula˜imetai ap ˜o 53 ˜eyr 98 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja sum to sumokij ˜o pos ˜o tym 49 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym pou em ˜ejqime g Epitqop ˜g to 1995 jai 96. H a ˜ungsg aut ˜g, pou jatak ˜gcei se pos ˜o emisw ˜u- seym lomadij ˜o sta wqomij ˜a tgr Joim ˜otgtar, d ˜umatai ma ecjqihe˜i l ˜omom le pok ˜u sglamtij ˜er amtipaqow ˜er. 8. WAQAJTGQAS JQATIJGS EMISWUSGS TYM DGLOSIYM LETQYM UPOSTGQINGS UPEQ TGS CR(cid:144)DIT LYONNAIS Jat’ evaqloc ˜g tgr aqw ˜gr tou «idi ˜ytg epemdut ˜g stgm eke ˜u- heqg acoq ˜a» jai sto bahl ˜o pou ta l ˜etqa epgqe ˜afoum tir sumakkac ˜er jai mohe ˜uoum ˜g apeiko ˜um ma mohe ˜usoum tom amtacymisl ˜o, g Epitqop ˜g stgm amajo˜imys ˜g tgr pqor ta jq ˜atg l ˜ekg to 1993 (pou pqoamav ˜eqetai)(26) amav ˜eqei ˜oti oi eisvoq ˜er jevaka˜iou se dgl ˜osier epiweiq ˜gseir peqikalb ˜a- moum stoiwe˜ia jqatij ˜gr em˜iswusgr e ˜am, up ˜o am ˜akocer peqi- st ˜aseir, ˜emar idi ˜ytgr epemdut ˜gr dem ha e˜iwe eisv ˜eqei jev ˜a- kaia le b ˜asg tgm amalem ˜olemg ap ˜odosg. Jat’ aqw ˜gm episgla˜imetai ˜oti to enaiqetij ˜o ˜uxor tym oijo- molij ˜ym p ˜oqym pou jimgtopoi ˜ghgjam stgm paqo ˜usa up ˜ohesg emisw ˜useym, tg sglamtij ˜oteqg stgm istoq˜ia tgr Joim ˜otgtar up ˜eq tgr ˜idiar epiwe˜iqgsgr, jahist ˜a to jq ˜ator tom l ˜omo paq ˜acomta pou e˜imai se h ˜esg ma jimgtopoi ˜gsei t ˜etoia pos ˜a w ˜aqg stgm ijam ˜otgt ˜a tou ma wqglatodote˜itai apeqi ˜oqista l ˜esy tgr voqokoc˜iar ˜g le d ˜ameia ap ˜o tg wqglatacoq ˜a. Jam ˜emar idiytij ˜or ˜olikor stgm Euq ˜ypg jai jat ˜a p ˜asa piham ˜otgta stom j ˜oslo dem ha e˜iwe tgm oijomo- lij ˜g ijam ˜otgta ma jimgtopoi ˜gsei emisw ˜useir t ˜etoiou ˜uxour. De ˜uteqom, ta jimgtopoigh ˜emta jev ˜akaia, g ajah ˜aqistg paqo ˜usa an˜ia tym opo˜iym am ˜eqwetai se 130 disejatoll ˜u- qia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja (touk ˜awistom), ˜ewoum pok ˜u lijq ˜g ap ˜odosg se sw ˜esg le tgm ˜okg wqglatodotij ˜g pqosp ˜aheia. Aut ˜o pou ha k ˜abei to jq ˜ator ap ˜o ta epemdu ˜olema jev ˜a- kaia ha e˜imai g sumduasl ˜emg an˜ia tgr q ˜gtqar epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg jai tym es ˜odym ap ˜o tgm idiytijopo˜igsg tgr CL. Dedol ˜emou ˜oti to jq ˜ator dem amajt ˜a ta jev ˜akaia pou eisv ˜eqei, g ap ˜odosg tym epemduh ˜emtym dgl ˜osiym jeva- ka˜iym stg di ˜asysg tgr CL e˜imai aqmgtij ˜g jai se jal˜ia peq˜iptysg dem d ˜umatai ma sucjqihe˜i le tgm ap ˜odosg pou ha am ˜eleme ˜emar idi ˜ytgr epemdut ˜gr se am ˜akocg wqglatodo- tij ˜g peq˜iptysg uxgko ˜u jimd ˜umou, g opo˜ia to 1995 e˜iwe ejti- lghe˜i sto pka˜isio tgr ap ˜ovasgr 95/547/EJ cia tgm Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais, se 12 % etgs˜iyr ep˜i tym epemduh ˜emtym jevaka˜iym. Dedol ˜emou ˜oti dem ijamopoie˜itai to jqit ˜gqio tou idi ˜ytg epemdut ˜g stgm eke ˜uheqg acoq ˜a sulpeqa˜imetai ˜oti ta l ˜etqa di ˜asysgr jai amadi ˜aqhqysgr tgr tq ˜apefar sumisto ˜um l ˜etqa em˜iswusgr. (26) EE C 307 tgr 13. 11. 1993, s. 3. L 221/62 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 ˜oti to cecom ˜or Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, jat ˜a tgm pq ˜ytg amadi ˜aqhqysg jeva- ka˜iym tgr CL to 1994, e˜iwam epijakeshe˜i tgm upowq ˜eysg tgr t ˜gqgsgr tou peqioqislo ˜u swetij ˜a se ˜idia jev ˜akaia pou eis ˜gcace g odgc˜ia 89/647/EJ tou Sulbouk˜iou, tgr 18gr Dejelbq˜iou 1989, swetij ˜a le to sumtekest ˜g veqeccu ˜otgtar tym pistytij ˜ym idqul ˜atym (27). Ejt ˜or auto ˜u, stgm joimo- po˜igsg tym epeicous ˜ym emisw ˜useym to 1996 am ˜eveqam ˜oti wyq˜ir aut ˜er g CL jimd ˜umeue ma peqi ˜ekhei se amijam ˜otgta t ˜gqgsgr tou ek ˜awistou sumtekest ˜g veqeccu ˜otgtar pou ˜opyr jai stgm hesp˜ifei g up ˜oxg odgc˜ia. G Epitqop ˜g, ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ, upocqall˜ifei ˜oti hesp˜istgje peqioqisl ˜or yr pqor tg veqeccu ˜otgta tym tqapef ˜ym le joimotij ˜g odgc˜ia dem a˜iqei tom waqajt ˜gqa em˜iswusgr liar eisvoq ˜ar dgl ˜osiym jevaka˜iym ˜g ˜akkym l ˜etqym le paq ˜oloio apot ˜ekesla, le sjop ˜o tgm t ˜gqgsg tgr up ˜oxg odgc˜iar, ev ˜osom up ˜o paq ˜oloier sumh ˜gjer, ˜emar idi ˜y- tgr epemdut ˜gr ˜ejqime ˜oti g ep ˜emdusg aut ˜g dem e˜iwe pqoo- ptij ˜er jamomij ˜gr ap ˜odosgr. O sebasl ˜or tgr joimotij ˜gr odgc˜iar isw ˜uei l ˜omom sto pka˜isio tgr sum ˜eweiar tgr ejle- t ˜akkeusgr jai tgr diat ˜gqgsgr tgr tqapefij ˜gr ˜adeiar tgr up ˜o amadi ˜aqhqysg etaiqe˜iar. Amt˜iheta, g odgc˜ia aut ˜g dem apacoqe ˜uei jat ˜a jam ˜ema tq ˜opo ma tehe˜i up ˜o ejjah ˜aqisg ˜ema pistytij ˜o ˜idqula e ˜am vame˜i ˜oti lia eisvoq ˜a sulpkgqy- latij ˜ym id˜iym jevaka˜iym dem ijamopoie˜i tgm aqw ˜g tou «idi ˜ytg epemdut ˜g stgm eke ˜uheqg acoq ˜a» pou upemhul˜ifetai paqap ˜amy jai ˜oti sumist ˜a, yr ej to ˜utou, jqatij ˜g em˜iswusg tgr opo˜iar to sulbib ˜asilo le to joim ˜o sulv ˜eqom, ˜opyr jai j ˜ahe ˜akkgr em˜iswusgr, ha pq ˜epei ma enetaste˜i le b ˜asg tour jam ˜omer tgr sumh ˜gjgr. Sumep ˜yr, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er dem d ˜umamtai ma dijaiokoc ˜gsoum tgm lg t ˜gqgsg tou ˜aqhqou 92 tgr sumh ˜gjgr tgm joimotij ˜g odgc˜ia pou hesp˜ifei jamomi- stij ˜o peqioqisl ˜o yr pqor tg veqeccu ˜otgta. ep˜isgr Upemhul˜ifetai ˜oti g Epitqop ˜g stgm ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ sumep ˜eqame ˜oti ta up ˜oxg l ˜etqa, ta opo˜ia tgm epow ˜g eje˜img e˜iwe ejtil ˜gsei se jahaq ˜o pos ˜o 45 disejatol- luq˜iym vq ˜acjym, sumisto ˜usam emisw ˜useir e˜ite epq ˜ojeito cia tgm pq ˜ytg a ˜ungsg tou jevaka˜iou to L ˜aio tou 1994 e˜ite cia tgm am ˜akgxg ap ˜o to jq ˜ator tym d ˜uo pq ˜ytym epiweiq ˜g- seym diawyqislo ˜u. G paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg ˜ewomtar yr amti- je˜ilemo tgm a ˜ungsg tym fgli ˜ym jai tou j ˜ostour wqglato- d ˜otgsgr tou diawyqislo ˜u (sulpeqikalbamol ˜emgr tgr «amti- st ˜ahlisgr» tou dame˜iou tgr CL pqor tgm EPFR) jai tgm ecjat ˜akeixg tym olokoci ˜ym ˜ameu tojoleqid˜iou pou e˜iwam avaiqehe˜i ap ˜o to pos ˜o tgr em˜iswusgr stgm ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ, ta l ˜etqa aut ˜a dem ˜ewoum diavoqetij ˜o waqa- jt ˜gqa ap ˜o ta pqogco ˜ulema jah ˜oti amtijatoptq˜ifoum a ˜ungsg tou j ˜ostour. Oi emisw ˜useir le tir opo˜ier aswoke˜itai g paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg sum˜istamtai stgm a ˜ungsg tgr an˜iar tym emisw ˜useym pou g Epitqop ˜g ejt˜ilgse stgm pqogco ˜u- lemg ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr le apot ˜ekesla ma sumisto ˜um jqatij ˜er emisw ˜useir ajqib ˜yr ˜opyr jai oi emisw ˜useir pou ˜ewei aqwij ˜a ejtil ˜gsei g Epitqop ˜g to 1995. G Epitqop ˜g sucjejqil ˜ema en ˜etase tir diat ˜aneir tou ˜aqhqou 52 tou tqapefijo ˜u m ˜olou tgr 24gr Iamouaq˜iou 1984 le tir opo˜ier o dioijgt ˜gr tgr Banque de France apojt ˜a tgm enous˜ia ma «jake˜i tour let ˜owour jai eta˜iqour em ˜or pistytijo ˜u idq ˜u- (27) EE L 336 tgr 3. 12. 1989, s. 14. lator ma paq ˜aswoum tgm apaito ˜ulemg cia to ˜idqula upost ˜gqing ev ˜osom to dijaiokoco ˜um oi peqist ˜aseir». G Epitqop ˜g diapist ˜ymei ˜oti se pokk ˜er pq ˜osvater peqipt ˜yseir oi idi ˜yter l ˜etowoi pqobkglatij ˜ym pistytij ˜ym idqul ˜atym, paq ˜a ta pok ˜u jat ˜yteqa apaito ˜ulema pos ˜a ap ˜o aut ˜o tgr paqo ˜usar up ˜ohesgr, aqm ˜ghgjam ma amtapojqiho ˜um stgm ˜ejjkgsg tou dioijgt ˜g tgr Banque de France ma eisv ˜eqoum m ˜ea jev ˜akaia (28). Heyqe˜i ˜oti g ˜ejjkgsg jai g upost ˜gqing ap ˜o tour let ˜owour dem tour upowqe ˜ymei jat ˜a jam ˜ema tq ˜opo di ˜oti e˜imai helit ˜o oi l ˜etowoi ma enet ˜asoum tg dumat ˜otgta tgr eisvoq ˜ar m ˜eym jevaka˜iym b ˜asei tym pqooptij ˜ym ap ˜odosgr opoiasd ˜gpote m ˜ear eisvoq ˜ar jevaka˜iou ˜g isod ˜u- malou l ˜etqou, b ˜asei tou swed˜iou enuc˜iamsgr tou swetijo ˜u pistytijo ˜u idq ˜ulator jai s ˜ulvyma le tgm pqoamaveq ˜o- lemg aqw ˜g tou idi ˜ytg epemdut ˜g stgm eke ˜uheqg acoq ˜a. Aut ˜g e˜imai jai g eqlgme˜ia tou evete˜iou tou Paqisio ˜u, to opo˜io stir 13 Iamouaq˜iou 1998 en ˜edyse ap ˜ovasg (29) b ˜asei tgr opo˜iar to ˜aqhqo 52 dem d ˜umatai ma eqlgmeuhe˜i up ˜o jata- macjastij ˜g ˜emmoia. To jq ˜ator koip ˜om yr l ˜etowor dem d ˜uma- tai b ˜asei tou ˜aqhqou 52 ma heyq ˜gsei ˜oti g paq ˜elbas ˜g tou cia tgm aqyc ˜g tgr tq ˜apefar apaito ˜umtam ap ˜o to m ˜olo amen ˜aqtgta ap ˜o tour jam ˜omer tgr sumh ˜gjgr. O sebasl ˜or tym jam ˜omym tgr acoq ˜ar b ˜asei tym opo˜iym e˜imai dumat ˜g g epibok ˜g juq ˜yseym ˜g, jat ˜a peq˜iptysg, g apobok ˜g ap ˜o tgm acoq ˜a dial ˜esou ejjah ˜aqisgr tym pisty- tij ˜ym idqul ˜atym pou dem e˜imai bi ˜ysila ap ˜o diaqhqytij ˜g ˜apoxg, apoteke˜i heleki ˜yder stoiwe˜io cia tgm enasv ˜akisg tgr elpistos ˜umgr tym oijomolij ˜ym voq ˜eym. Amt˜iheta, g tewmgt ˜g diat ˜gqgsg stg fy ˜g pistytij ˜ym idqul ˜atym le amepaqj ˜g apodotij ˜otgta sumep ˜acetai sglamtij ˜g stq ˜e- bkysg tou amtacymislo ˜u jai h ˜etei ghij ˜o pq ˜obkgla dedo- l ˜emou ˜oti tekij ˜a jahist ˜a eu ˜akyto to up ˜okoipo tqapefij ˜o s ˜ustgla. ˜Ap ˜o tgm ˜akkg pkeuq ˜a, pqojake˜i sobaq ˜er stqe- bk ˜yseir stgm jatamol ˜g tym jevaka˜iym jai sumep ˜yr stg keitouqc˜ia ok ˜ojkgqgr tgr oijomol˜iar. G Epitqop ˜g sto sgle˜io aut ˜o sulleq˜ifetai tg cm ˜ylg tgr Commission Bancaire francaise g opo˜ia stgm ˜ejhes ˜g tgr, to 1995, episg- la˜imei ˜oti g syst ˜g amadi ˜aqhqysg tou cakkijo ˜u tqapefijo ˜u sust ˜glator sumep ˜acetai ˜oti ta pistytij ˜a idq ˜ulata, ta opo˜ia e˜imai epiweiq ˜gseir ˜opyr ˜oker oi up ˜okoiper jai yr ej to ˜utou dem pq ˜epei ma pqostate ˜uomtai ap ˜o tir juq ˜yseir tgr acoq ˜ar, d ˜umamtai ma jke˜isoum (30). Sumep ˜yr, g di ˜akusg tqapef ˜ym dem pq ˜epei ma heyqghe˜i aut ˜g jaheaut ˜g yr ˜emdeing amep ˜aqjeiar tym uvist ˜alemym epoptij ˜ym lgwamisl ˜ym, akk ˜a yr ˜emdeing tgr keitouqc˜iar tym dum ˜aleym tgr acoq ˜ar ˜oti oi tq ˜apefer dem pqostate ˜uomtai jai tou cecom ˜otor peqiss ˜oteqo ap ˜o ˜akker epiweiq ˜gseir. G Epitqop ˜g diapi- st ˜ymei, stg b ˜asg aut ˜g, ˜oti oi st ˜owoi tgr pokitij ˜gr amtacy- mislo ˜u jai tgr epoptij ˜gr pokitij ˜gr se tqapefij ˜a h ˜elata dem amtit˜ihetai g l˜ia stgm ˜akkg dedol ˜emou ˜oti alv ˜oteqer aposjopo ˜um tgm am ˜aptung em ˜or ucio ˜ur jai amtacymistijo ˜u ˜oti stir pokitij ˜er tym tqapefijo ˜u tol ˜ea. Aut ˜o sgla˜imei (28) Se ˜akker peqipt ˜yseir, oi idi ˜yter l ˜etowoi pou paqem ˜ebgsam le pq ˜osjkgsg tym molislatij ˜ym aqw ˜ym ˜epqepe ma pqostateuho ˜um ap ˜o dijastijo ˜ur jimd ˜umour, akk ˜a dem jim ˜ghgjam enait˜iar tgr ija- mopoigtij ˜gr ap ˜odosgr tym eisvoq ˜ym tour. (29) Up ˜ohesg tgr Compagnie du BTQ. (30) Commission bancaire, ˜ejhesg 1995, sek˜ida 13. 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/63 aqw ˜ym tqapefij ˜gr epopte˜iar ha pq ˜epei ma pqobk ˜epomtai l ˜etqa cia tg di ˜akusg tym lg amtacymistij ˜ym tqapef ˜ym. pqoˇupokocisl ˜o e˜imai am ˜yteqa ap ˜o to j ˜ostor tou jq ˜atour se peq˜iptysg p ˜ykgsgr ˜g ejjah ˜aqisgr. Se j ˜ahe peq˜iptysg to j ˜ostor ha ˜gtam lijq ˜oteqo am to jq ˜ator e˜iwe paq ˜elbei pqim nesp ˜asei jq˜isg. Jat ˜a tgm joimopo˜igsg tym epeic ˜omtym letabatij ˜ym l ˜etqym tom Sept ˜elbqio tou 1996, oi ejpq ˜osypoi tym cakki- j ˜ym aqw ˜ym, jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia sumamt ˜gseym le tgm Epitqop ˜g, amav ˜eqhgjam, cia tgm peq˜iptysg tgr aveqeccu ˜o- tgtar tym tqapef ˜ym, stom j˜imdumo jq˜isgr dum ˜alemgr ma epejtahe˜i sto s ˜umoko tou tqapefijo ˜u sust ˜glator jai stgm oijomol˜ia ok ˜ojkgqg paq ˜a ta sumodeutij ˜a l ˜etqa se lia diadijas˜ia ejjah ˜aqisgr pou ha ek ˜albamam jat ˜a peq˜i- ptysg oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er. G Epitqop ˜g tgm epow ˜g eje˜img dem ˜gtam se h ˜esg ma apojke˜isei tom j˜imdumo aveqeccu ˜otgtar tgr CL l ˜esa se s ˜umtolo wqomij ˜o di ˜astgla, jai dem e˜imai se h ˜esg ma apojke˜isei tom j˜imdumo ep ˜ejtasgr tgr jq˜isgr tgr CL sto s ˜umoko tou wqglatopistytijo ˜u tol ˜ea. G Epitqop ˜g dem alvisbgte˜i tgm ˜upaqng auto ˜u tou emdew ˜olemou, to opo˜io en ˜akkou ˜ekabe up ˜oxg tgr ecjq˜imomtar ta epe˜icomta l ˜etqa pou e˜iwam joimopoighe˜i t ˜ote, em amalom ˜g tgr en ˜eta- sgr se b ˜ahor ˜okgr tgr up ˜ohesgr, sulpeqikalbamol ˜emou jai em ˜or m ˜eou pqocq ˜allator amadi ˜aqhqysgr ˜opyr pqobk ˜epoum oi jateuhumt ˜gqier cqall ˜er tgr Epitqop ˜gr cia tir emisw ˜useir di ˜asysgr jai amadi ˜aqhqysgr pqobkglatij ˜ym epiweiq ˜g- seym. Yst ˜oso, episgla˜imei ˜oti to jq ˜ator dem d ˜umatai lom˜i- lyr ma epijake˜itai tom j˜imdumo liar t ˜etoiar jq˜isgr pqojei- l ˜emou ma apakk ˜assetai ap ˜o tir sum ˜epeier tou ˜aqhqou 92 tgr sumh ˜gjgr. tgr ap ˜o l ˜esym ek ˜ecwou epiwe˜iqgsgr ˜Opyr epes ˜glame stgm ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ, g Epitqop ˜g heyqe˜i ˜oti oi lomadij ˜er sto ˜uxor tour fgl˜ier pou pqojake˜i g di ˜asysg tgr CL engco ˜umtai jat ˜a lec ˜ako l ˜eqor ap ˜o tgm ˜ekkeixg to jq ˜ator-l ˜etowo jai tgm jahusteqgl ˜emg k ˜gxg tym pq ˜ytym sglamtij ˜ym l ˜etqym amadi ˜aqhqysgr. To j ˜ostor aut ˜o de˜iwmei sulpeqivoq ˜a pou dem d ˜umatai ma jatakociste˜i se vq ˜omilo l ˜etowo jah ˜yr jai sobaq ˜g ˜ekkeixg diajub ˜eqmgsgr tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr g opo˜ia od ˜gcgse se akkep ˜akkgker em ˜eqceier waqajtgqif ˜olemer ap ˜o ameuhum ˜otgta tym apov ˜aseym tym pqogco ˜ulemym dioijgt ˜ym tgr tq ˜apefar, tgm ˜ekkeixg diav ˜a- meiar stg diawe˜iqisg jai tour kocaqiaslo ˜ur tgr epiwe˜iqg- sgr jai lia akus˜ida k ˜gxeyr apov ˜aseym pou dem kalb ˜amei up ˜oxg tgm aniok ˜ocgsg tym jimd ˜umym pou jat ˜a jam ˜oma apoteke˜i tom puq ˜gma tgr diadijas˜iar k ˜gxeyr apov ˜aseym liar tq ˜apefar. G ˜ekkeixg esyteqij ˜ym jai enyteqij ˜ym ek ˜ec- wym tgr tq ˜apefar se sumduasl ˜o le lia stqatgcij ˜g taw ˜uq- quhlgr ep ˜ejtasgr tgr tq ˜apefar sta t ˜ekg tgr dejaet˜iar tou 1980 jai stir aqw ˜er tgr dejaet˜iar tou 1990, engce˜i tg loma- dij ˜g ˜ejtasg tgr oijomolij ˜gr jatastqov ˜gr tgr CL. G ˜oti g ˜ekkeixg diajub ˜eqmgsgr tgr Epitqop ˜g upocqall˜ifei epiwe˜iqgsgr epit ˜ahgje ap ˜o tg s ˜ucwusg tym q ˜okym tou jq ˜atour yr let ˜owou, epiweiqglat˜ia, voq ˜ea pq ˜omoiar jai jamomistijo ˜u voq ˜ea, g opo˜ia od ˜gcgse to jq ˜ator-l ˜etowo ma epitq ˜exei tom ejvukisl ˜o tgr jat ˜astasgr, amt˜iheta pqor to dgl ˜osio sulv ˜eqom. ˜Opyr epes ˜glame g Epitqop ˜g stgm ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ, dem diah ˜etei aqihlgtij ˜a stoiwe˜ia le b ˜asg ta opo˜ia ma lpoqe˜i ma diapist ˜ysei am to ahqoistij ˜o j ˜ostor tgr amadi ˜aqhqy- sgr jevaka˜iym tou 1994 jai to pqobkep ˜olemo j ˜ostor diawyqislo ˜u tgr CL pou jak ˜uptomtai ap ˜o tom jqatij ˜o G Epitqop ˜g kalb ˜amei id˜iyr up ˜oxg paqade˜iclata ap ˜o tg molokoc˜ia tym cakkij ˜ym dijastgq˜iym se pqogco ˜ulemer upoh ˜eseir, ˜opou g euh ˜umg tou jq ˜atour cia tir upowqe ˜yseir tgr ejjah ˜aqisgr ejte˜imetai jai p ˜eqam tym jevaka˜iym pou eis ˜eveqe stgm ej ˜astote epiwe˜iqgsg. G Epitqop ˜g jai to Dijast ˜gqio tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym, se am ˜akocer peqipt ˜yseir (31), ap ˜eqqixam tgm epiweiqglatokoc˜ia b ˜asei tgr opo˜iar g euh ˜umg tou jq ˜atour let ˜owou cia upowqe ˜yseir ap ˜o ejjah ˜aqisg ejte˜imetai jai p ˜eqam tym jevaka˜iym pou eis ˜eveqe stgm epiwe˜iqgsg, le to sjeptij ˜o ˜oti g ep ˜ejtasg tgr euh ˜umgr dgliouqce˜i ˜ema al ˜akcala q ˜okym letan ˜u jq ˜atour-let ˜owou jai jq ˜atour pqomo˜iar. H molokoc˜ia tym dijastgq˜iym dem lei ˜ymei jat ˜a jam ˜ema tq ˜opo tom waqa- jt ˜gqa em˜iswusgr liar t ˜etoiar pq ˜angr: to jq ˜ator-l ˜etowor, l ˜akista, to opo˜io e˜iwe cm ˜ysg tgr molokoc˜iar aut ˜gr b ˜asei tou m ˜olou swetij ˜a le tg dijastij ˜g apojat ˜astasg jai ejjah ˜aqisg epiweiq ˜gseym to 1985 (32), ha ˜epqepe ma e˜iwe pqobe˜i, pok ˜u pqim tg k ˜gxg tym up ˜o en ˜etasg l ˜etqym, se emtatij ˜oteqo ˜ekecwo tym jimd ˜umym jat ˜a tg v ˜asg ep ˜ejta- sgr tgr tq ˜apefar, jai jat ˜opim stgm amadi ˜aqhqysg ˜g stgm ejjah ˜aqisg tgr tq ˜apefar, l ˜okir elvam˜istgje g jq˜isg. Stgm pqojeil ˜emg peq˜iptysg koip ˜om dem ep ˜edeine sulpeqivoq ˜a let ˜owou o ˜ute vq ˜omilou epemdut ˜g tgr eke ˜uheqgr acoq ˜ar b ˜asei tgr pqoamaveq ˜olemgr aqw ˜gr. Amen ˜aqtgta ap ˜o aut ˜o, g Epitqop ˜g heyqe˜i ˜oti oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er dem ap ˜edeinam, ˜opyr ˜oti to jq ˜ator-l ˜etowor apaite˜itai ap ˜o to m ˜olo tou 1985, lpoqo ˜use ma enoloiyhe˜i le ej tou m ˜olou ˜g ej tym pqacl ˜a- tym dioijgtij ˜o st ˜ekewor tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr. Stgm peq˜iptysg aut ˜g, ta ej tou m ˜olou ˜g ej tym pqacl ˜atym dioijgtij ˜a stek ˜ewg v ˜eqoum euh ˜umg yr pqor tir upowqe ˜yseir ejjah ˜a- qisgr tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr se peq˜iptysg diaweiqistij ˜ym kah ˜ym, ˜isg pqor to ˜uxor tym wqglatooijomolij ˜ym epipt ˜yse ˜ym tour. T ˜ekor, g Epitqop ˜g sglei ˜ymei ˜oti aj ˜olg jai am ta stoiwe˜ia aut ˜a e˜iwam apodeiwhe˜i, oi diat ˜aneir aut ˜er dem ha ep ˜etqepam sto cakkij ˜o jq ˜ator ma enaiqehe˜i ap ˜o tgm evaq- loc ˜g tou ˜aqhqou 92 tgr sumh ˜gjgr wyq˜ir ma up ˜aqwei amt˜i- hesg le tgm aqw ˜g tou dija˜iou b ˜asei tgr opo˜iar jame˜ir dem d ˜umatai ma bas˜isei tgm epiweiqglatokoc˜ia tou ep˜i tym kah ˜ym tou. Aj ˜olg jai am g ejjah ˜aqisg tgr CL e˜iwe pok ˜u lecak ˜uteqo ˜aleso ˜g ˜elleso j ˜ostor ap ˜o eje˜imo tym l ˜etqym pou ˜ekabam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, dem ha ˜gtam dumat ˜om ma c˜imei ep˜ijkgsg tgr jat ˜astasgr aut ˜gr g opo˜ia ove˜iketai stgm ep˜i seiq ˜a et ˜ym al ˜ekeia tou jq ˜atour-let ˜owou, pqojeil ˜emou ma heyqg- he˜i ˜oti ta up ˜oxg l ˜etqa dem sumisto ˜um emisw ˜useir. Ap ˜o ˜oka ˜oti ta l ˜etqa di ˜asysgr jai aut ˜a ta stoiwe˜ia pqoj ˜uptei (31) Bk ˜epe id˜iyr tgm ap ˜ovasg 1994/1073/EJ tgr Epitqop ˜gr (Bull), EE L 386 tgr 31. 12. 1994, s. 5, jai tgm ap ˜ovasg tou Dijastgq˜iou tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joim ˜otgtym stir sumejdijashe˜iser upoh ˜eseir C 278/92, C 279/92 jai C 280/92, HYTASA tgr 14gr Septelbq˜iou 1994, Sukkoc ˜g 1994, s. I-4103, sj ˜exg 22. (32) M ˜olor tgr 25gr Iamouaq˜iou 1985 swetij ˜a le tg dijastij ˜g apoja- ˜aqhqa 179 jai 180, bk ˜epe t ˜astasg jai ejjah ˜aqisg epiweiq ˜gseym, J. O. R. F. tgr 26gr Iamouaq˜iou 1985. L 221/64 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 amadi ˜aqhqysgr tgr tq ˜apefar apoteko ˜um emisw ˜useir, sulp ˜e- qasla to opo˜io dem lpoqe˜i ma alvisbgtghe˜i ap ˜o to ceco- m ˜or ˜oti to j ˜ostor ha ˜gtam pok ˜u lecak ˜uteqo se peq˜iptysg ejjah ˜aqisgr tgr tq ˜apefar, ˜esty jai se ˜ema pka˜isio wqgla- tooijomolij ˜gr jai sustglij ˜gr jq˜isgr. 9. STQEBKYSG TYM SUMAKKACYM LETANU JQATYM LEKYM G ekeuh ˜eqysg tym wqglatopistytij ˜ym upgqesi ˜ym jai g okojk ˜gqysg tym wqglatopistytij ˜ym acoq ˜ym e˜iwam yr apot ˜ekesla ma jatasto ˜um oi emdojoimotij ˜er sumakkac ˜er ˜oko jai pio eua˜ishgter se stqebk ˜yseir tou amtacymislo ˜u. G t ˜asg aut ˜g aun ˜ametai sumew ˜yr sto pka˜isio tgr Oijomo- lij ˜gr jai Molislatij ˜gr ˜Emysgr (33). Let ˜a tgm eisacyc ˜g tou emia˜iou mol˜islator, oi sumakkac ˜er sto esyteqij ˜o tgr Joim ˜otgtar ha lpoqo ˜um ma pqaclatopoio ˜umtai wyq˜ir sumakkaclatijo ˜ur jimd ˜umour jai ˜enoda. Paq ˜oti, jataqw ˜gm, ta pistytij ˜a idq ˜ulata d ˜umamtai ma asjo ˜um tir dqastgqi ˜o- tgt ˜er tour up ˜eq tym sum ˜oqym, sumamto ˜um elp ˜odia stgm ep ˜ejtasg tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym tour sto enyteqij ˜o. Ta elp ˜odia aut ˜a sumd ˜eomtai suwm ˜a le tgm pqostas˜ia tym ehmij ˜ym idqul ˜atym ap ˜o tir epipt ˜yseir tou amtacymislo ˜u, pqostas˜ia g opo˜ia jahist ˜a kic ˜oteqo ekjustij ˜g tgm e˜isodo stgm acoq ˜a amtacymist ˜ym ap ˜o to enyteqij ˜o. Oi emisw ˜useir pou sjop ˜o ˜ewoum ma epitq ˜exoum tgm epib˜iysg pistytij ˜ym idqul ˜atym paq ˜a tgm lijq ˜oteqg apodotij ˜otgt ˜a tour jai ijam ˜otgta ma amtiletyp˜isoum tir amtacymistij ˜er pqojk ˜g- seir, ˜opyr oi emisw ˜useir pou woqgc ˜ghgjam stg CL, jimdu- me ˜uoum ma mohe ˜usoum tom amtacymisl ˜o se joimotij ˜o ep˜ipedo, dedol ˜emou ˜oti jahisto ˜um dusweq ˜esteqg tgm e˜isodo wqglatopistytij ˜ym idqul ˜atym tou enyteqijo ˜u stir ehmij ˜er acoq ˜er. Wyq˜ir tir up ˜oxg emisw ˜useir, g CL ha e˜iwe tehe˜i up ˜o ejjah ˜a- qisg ˜g ha e˜iwe pykghe˜i, ok ˜ojkgqg ˜g tlglatij ˜a, se ˜ema ˜g peqiss ˜oteqa e ˜uqysta idq ˜ulata, emdewol ˜emyr sto pka˜isio dijastij ˜gr diadijas˜iar. Se t ˜etoia peq˜iptysg, to ˜idqula ˜g oi dqastgqi ˜otgt ˜er tou ha lpoqo ˜usam ma apotek ˜esoum amti- je˜ilemo enacoq ˜ar ap ˜o amtacymist ˜g tou enyteqijo ˜u pou epihule˜i ma ecjatastahe˜i ˜g ma aun ˜gsei tgm elpoqij ˜g paqous˜ia tou stg Cakk˜ia. Lia t ˜etoia diadijas˜ia ha dieu- j ˜okume tg di ˜awusg tym peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym jai tym leqid˜iym acoq ˜ar tgr CL se lec ˜ako aqihl ˜o dumgtij ˜ym acoqast ˜ym. Episgla˜imetai ˜oti to sw ˜edio pou upobk ˜ghgje ap ˜o tir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er tom Io ˜ukio tou 1997 dem pqobk ˜epei tg wyqist ˜g ejw ˜yqgsg jahel˜iar ap ˜o tir cakkij ˜er ˜g akkoda- p ˜er hucatqij ˜er tgr CL, akk ˜a tgm apk ˜g eisacyc ˜g tou sum ˜o- kou tgr CL sto wqglatist ˜gqio. ˜ema ˜idqula Ejt ˜or auto ˜u, g woq ˜gcgsg em˜iswusgr pqor diehmo ˜ur elb ˜ekeiar ˜opyr g CL to opo˜io pqosv ˜eqei poij˜ika wqglatopistytij ˜a pou bq˜isjomtai se amtacymisl ˜o letan ˜u tour stir diehme˜ir acoq ˜er jai pqosv ˜eqoum wqglatopistytij ˜er upgqes˜ier pqor idi ˜yter se amtacymisl ˜o le ˜akka euqypaˇij ˜a wqglatopisty- tij ˜a idq ˜ulata, jai to opo˜io epejte˜imei tir dqastgqi ˜otgt ˜er epiweiq ˜gseir pqoˇi ˜omta pqor (33) bk ˜epe sgle˜io 10. 2. tour sto enyteqij ˜o dia l ˜esy tou dijt ˜uou upojatastgl ˜a- tym pou diah ˜etei ejt ˜or Cakk˜iar, emd ˜ewetai ma ˜ewei stqebky- tij ˜er epipt ˜yseir cia tir emdojoimotij ˜er sumakkac ˜er. Sucje- jqil ˜ema, oi up ˜oxg emisw ˜useir ha ep ˜etqepam letan ˜u ˜akkym stg CL, ma pqobe˜i stgm amadi ˜aqhqysg diav ˜oqym dqastg- qiot ˜gtym tgr sto enyteqij ˜o tir opo˜ier amtacym˜ifomtai ˜akka joimotij ˜a wqglatopistytij ˜a idq ˜ulata. ˜oti to 1997, oi diehme˜ir dqastgqi ˜otgter tgr Episgla˜imetai CL sum ˜ebakam jat ˜a 810 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja sto s ˜umoko tgr emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr tq ˜apefar, dgkad ˜g 54 %. To leq˜idio tym euqypaˇij ˜ym dqastgqiot ˜gtym sto s ˜umoko tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr tq ˜apefar am ˜gkhe sta t ˜ekg tou 1997 se 32 % ˜opeq amtistoiwe˜i se 474 disejatoll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja peq˜ipou. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, ha pq ˜epei ma heyqghe˜i ˜oti g up ˜oxg dgl ˜o- sia paq ˜elbasg up ˜acetai sto ˜aqhqo 92 paq ˜acqavor 1 tgr sumh ˜gjgr dedol ˜emou ˜oti sumist ˜a jqatij ˜g em˜iswusg pou mohe ˜uei tom amtacymisl ˜o se bahl ˜o dum ˜alemo ma epgqe ˜asei tir emdojoimotij ˜er sumakkac ˜er. 10. ENETASG TOU SULBIBASILOU TYM EMISWUSEYM STGM CR(cid:144)DIT LYONNAIS 10. 1 Molij ˜o pka˜isio, jqit ˜gqia jai l ˜ehodor en ˜etasgr tou sulbib ˜asilou tym emisw ˜useym stgm Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais. Avo ˜u pqosdi ˜oqise ˜oti ta up ˜o en ˜etasg l ˜etqa sumisto ˜um jqatij ˜g em˜iswusg, s ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 92 paq ˜acqavor 1 tgr sumh ˜gjgr, g Epitqop ˜g ove˜ikei ma enet ˜asei am ta l ˜etqa aut ˜a lpoqo ˜um ma heyqgho ˜um sulbib ˜asila le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a, jat ˜a tgm ˜emmoia tou ˜aqhqou 92 paq ˜acqavoi 2 jai 3 tgr sumh ˜gjgr. Stg sucjejqil ˜emg peq˜iptysg, ha pq ˜epei pq ˜yta ma kgvhe˜i up ˜oxg ˜oti dem pq ˜ojeitai o ˜ute cia em˜iswusg joimymijo ˜u waqajt ˜gqa pou woqgce˜itai se lelomyl ˜emour jatamakyt ˜er, o ˜ute cia em˜iswusg pou lpoqe˜i (jai woqgce˜itai cia) ma dieu- jok ˜umei tgm am ˜aptung oqisl ˜emym cakkij ˜ym peqiow ˜ym. Dem pq ˜ojeitai ep˜isgr cia em˜iswusg pou ˜ewei yr st ˜owo tgm amti- let ˜ypisg oijomolij ˜gr diataqaw ˜gr tgr oijomol˜iar, ev ˜osom g em˜iswusg apobk ˜epei stgm amtilet ˜ypisg tym dusweqei ˜ym ˜owi stgm amtilet ˜ypisg em ˜or l ˜omo dijaio ˜uwou, tgr CL, jai tym on ˜utatym pqobkgl ˜atym ˜okym tym voq ˜eym tou tol ˜ea. Yr ej to ˜utou, g em k ˜ocy em˜iswusg dem lpoqe˜i ma waqajtgqi- ste˜i yr joimo ˜u euqypaˇijo ˜u emdiav ˜eqomtor. L ˜omo g paq ˜ej- jkisg pou pqobk ˜epetai sto ˜aqhqo 92 paq ˜acqavor 3 stoi- we˜io c) lpoqe˜i ma kgvhe˜i up ˜oxg. B ˜asei tgr paq ˜ejjkisgr aut ˜gr, g Epitqop ˜g lpoqe˜i ma epitq ˜exei tir «emisw ˜useir cia tgm pqo ˜yhgsg tgr am ˜aptungr oqisl ˜emym oijomolij ˜ym dqastgqiot ˜gtym [. ] ev ˜osom dem akkoi ˜ymoum tour ˜oqour tym sumakkac ˜ym jat ˜a tq ˜opo pou ha amt ˜ejeito pqor to joim ˜o sulv ˜eqom». Jat ˜a tgm aniok ˜ocgsg tou sulbib ˜asilou tgr em˜iswusgr le to joim ˜o sulv ˜eqom, g Epitqop ˜g kalb ˜amei up ˜oxg tgr tgm ˜ejtasg tym stqebk ˜yseym tou amtacymi- slo ˜u, tym amtistahlistij ˜ym l ˜etqym pou pqobk ˜epomtai cia tom peqioqisl ˜o tym stqebk ˜yseym aut ˜ym, tom peqioqisl ˜o tym emisw ˜useym sto apok ˜utyr apaqa˜itgto pos ˜o jai tg biysil ˜otgta tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr stgm opo˜ia woqgco ˜umtai oi emisw ˜useir. 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/65 G Epitqop ˜g ˜ewei jahoq˜isei tour ˜oqour cia tgm evaqloc ˜g tgr paq ˜ejjkisgr aut ˜gr sto pka˜isio tym emisw ˜useym amadi ˜aqhqysgr (34). Oi jateuhumt ˜gqier aut ˜er cqall ˜er oq˜ifoum ˜oti «oiemisw˜useiramadi˜aqhqysgrpqojako˜umidia˜i- teqapqobk˜glata ˜osomavoq˜atomamtacymisl˜o,dedol˜emou ˜otiemd˜ewetaimaletatop˜isoumad˜ijyrtob˜aqortgrdiaq- hqytij˜grpqosaqloc˜grjaitymjoimymij˜ymjaibiolgwami- j˜ym pqobkgl˜atym se ˜akkour paqacyco˜ur oi opo˜ioi dem wqei˜afomtai em˜iswusg jai se ˜akka jq˜atg l˜ekg». G Epitqop˜g piste˜uei ˜oti oi emisw˜useir amadi˜aqhqysgr lpoqo˜um ma sulb˜akoum stgm am˜aptung oijomolij˜ym dqastgqiot˜gtym wyq˜ir ma epgqe˜asoum tir sumakkac˜er se bahl˜o amt˜iheto pqor to sulv˜eqom tgr Joim˜otgtar ˜otam pkgqo˜umtai oi aj˜okouher pqoˇupoh˜eseir: 1. up ˜aqwei sw ˜edio amadi ˜aqhqysgr to opo˜io bas˜ifetai se qeakistij ˜er upoh ˜eseir jai epitq ˜epei tgm apojat ˜astasg, se e ˜ukoco wqomij ˜o di ˜astgla, tgr ek ˜awistgr apaito ˜ule- mgr ap ˜odosgr tym jevaka˜iym pou ˜ewoum epemduhe˜i jai diasvak˜ifei le tom tq ˜opo aut ˜o tgm lajqopq ˜oheslg biysil ˜otgta tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr· 2. oi emisw ˜useir sumode ˜uomtai ap ˜o l ˜etqa ta opo˜ia amti- stahl˜ifoum tir stqebkytij ˜er sum ˜epeier cia tom amtacy- misl ˜o ˜yste ma lpoqe˜i ma sumawhe˜i to sulp ˜eqasla ˜oti g up ˜o en ˜etasg em˜iswusg dem e˜imai amt˜ihetg pqor to joim ˜o sulv ˜eqom· 3. oi emisw ˜useir e˜imai am ˜akocer le tour epidiyj ˜olemour st ˜owour jai to pos ˜o tour peqioq˜ifetai sto ek ˜awisto pou apaite˜itai cia ma jataste˜i dumat ˜g g amadi ˜aqhqysg, pqojeil ˜emou ma stgq˜ifetai ˜oso to dumat ˜om peqiss ˜oteqo g pqosp ˜aheia am ˜ajalxgr ap ˜o tgm ˜idia tgm epiwe˜iqgsg· 4. to sw ˜edio amadi ˜aqhqysgr evaql ˜ofetai pk ˜gqyr jai ˜oker oi upowqe ˜yseir pou jahoq˜ifomtai ejpkgq ˜ymomtai stgm tekij ˜g ap ˜ovasg tgr Epitqop ˜gr· 5. evaql ˜ofetai s ˜ustgla ek ˜ecwou cia tgm t ˜gqgsg tou pqog- co ˜ulemou ˜oqou. Jat’ evaqloc ˜g tou pkais˜iou cia tir emisw ˜useir amadi ˜aq- hqysgr, oi emisw ˜useir aut ˜er dem ha pq ˜epei, jat ˜a jam ˜oma, ma e˜imai apaqa˜itgter peqiss ˜oteqo ap ˜o lia voq ˜a. Dedol ˜emou ˜oti to ˜uxor tym emisw ˜useym e˜imai t ˜etoio pou dem lpoqo ˜um ma heyqgho ˜um apk ˜a sulpkgqylatij ˜er se sw ˜esg le tir emisw ˜useir pou e˜iwam ecjqihe˜i to 1995 jai to 1996, jai kalbamol ˜emou up ˜oxg tou stqebkytijo ˜u tour apotek ˜e- slator, o ˜ekecwor tgr t ˜gqgsgr tym pqoamaveqh ˜emtym ˜oqym pq ˜epei ma e˜imai idia˜iteqa austgq ˜or jai dienodij ˜or. 10. 2 Amtacymistij ˜o pka˜isio tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym tgr CL jai stqebkytij ˜er sum ˜epeier tym emisw ˜useym cia tom amtacymisl ˜o O euqypaˇij ˜or tqapefij ˜or tol ˜ear, jai idia˜iteqa o cakkij ˜or, di ˜eqwetai lia v ˜asg pqosaqloc ˜gr g opo˜ia waqajtgq˜ifetai ap ˜o tgm ˜asjgsg ˜emtomou amtacymislo ˜u, up ˜o tgm ˜yhgsg tgr ekeuh ˜eqysgr tym jevakaiacoq ˜ym, tgr taw ˜utgtar tym tewmo- kocij ˜ym enek˜ineym, jai tgr okojk ˜gqysgr tou emia˜iou mol˜i- slator. To oqistij ˜o ˜amoicla tym acoq ˜ym jai g ap ˜ykeia es ˜odym ap ˜o tir pqol ˜gheier jat ˜a tg letatqop ˜g molisl ˜atym tym wyq ˜ym tgr oijomolij ˜gr jai molislatij ˜gr ˜emysgr ha aun ˜gsoum tir amtacymistij ˜er t ˜aseir stgm Joim ˜otgta. G jat ˜astasg aut ˜g lpoqe˜i ma epitaw ˜umei tgm emopo˜igsg tgr pqosvoq ˜ar le tg loqv ˜g sucwyme ˜useym epiweiq ˜gseym tou (34) EE C 368 tgr 23. 12. 1994, s. 12. tqapefijo ˜u tol ˜ea, ˜g cemij ˜oteqa tou wqglatooijomolijo ˜u tol ˜ea, id˜iyr k ˜ocy tou sulpkgqylatijo ˜u waqajt ˜gqa tym tqapef ˜ym jai tym asvakistij ˜ym etaiqei ˜ym (ta tqapefij ˜a d˜ijtua sucjatak ˜ecomtai, jat ˜a tir tekeuta˜ier dejaet˜ier, letan ˜u tym juqiot ˜eqym diamol ˜eym asvakistij ˜ym pqoˇi ˜o- mtym). To vaim ˜olemo aut ˜o emopo˜igsgr tgr pqosvoq ˜ar ha pqojak ˜esei amadiaqhq ˜yseir pqojeil ˜emou ma dohe˜i g dumat ˜otgta stour m ˜eour ol˜ikour ma epyvekgho ˜um pk ˜gqyr ap ˜o tir sumeqc˜ier aut ˜er jai ma apob ˜a- koum j ˜ahe peqitt ˜o stoiwe˜io pou ha pqoj ˜uxei ap ˜o tir sucjemtq ˜yseir. amap ˜oveujta pq ˜osheter tir wqglatooijomolij ˜er G Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais asje˜i tgr dqastgqi ˜otgter se idia˜iteqa amtacymistij ˜o pka˜isio. Oi dqastgqi ˜otgter t ˜oso stom tol ˜ea tym kiamij ˜ym tqapefij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym ˜oso jai stom tol ˜ea tym womdqij ˜ym tqapefij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym jah ˜yr jai stir jevakaiacoq ˜er d ˜ewomtai iswuq ˜er amtacymistij ˜er pi ˜eseir. ˜Osom avoq ˜a tir dqastgqi ˜otgter yr elpoqij ˜g tq ˜apefa stgm Euq ˜ypg, o amtacymisl ˜or ˜ewei yr apot ˜ekesla tg le˜iysg tym peqihyq˜iym dialesok ˜abgsgr, ta opo˜ia lei ˜ymomtai sumew ˜yr ed ˜y jai lia dejaet˜ia. Oi tq ˜apefer pqospaho ˜um ma amtiletyp˜isoum tgm ap ˜ykeia pqostih ˜elemgr an˜iar le tgm paqow ˜g upgqesi ˜ym pou enasva- k˜ifoum pqol ˜gheier. To leq˜idio tym upgqesi ˜ym aut ˜ym sto jahaq ˜o pqoˇi ˜om tqapefij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym paqousi ˜afei a ˜ungsg stom l ˜eso ˜oqo tym cakkij ˜ym pistytij ˜ym idqul ˜atym. ˜Opyr amav ˜eqhgje pio p ˜amy, g woq ˜gcgsg jqatij ˜ym emisw ˜u- seym stgm CL ove˜iketai se pokko ˜ur paq ˜acomter: tgm upeq- bokij ˜g jai amen ˜ekecjtg ˜ejhesg stgm acoq ˜a ajim ˜gtym, stg qixoj˜imdumg pokitij ˜g ep ˜ejtasgr sto enyteqij ˜o, akk ˜a jai sto amapotekeslatij ˜o s ˜ustgla ek ˜ecwou tou let ˜owou tgr, o opo˜ior dem jat ˜aveqe ma apotq ˜exei ˜ecjaiqa tir qixoj˜imdu- mer em ˜eqceier tym dieuhumt ˜ym tgr. Le ˜akka k ˜ocia, to cemij ˜o s ˜ustgla diawe˜iqisgr tgr CL apode˜iwhgje ajat ˜akkgko. Dedol ˜emgr tgr jahust ˜eqgsgr le tgm opo˜ia g CL amt ˜edqase stgm jujkij ˜g letabok ˜g tgr oijomolij ˜gr sucjuq˜iar jai tgm elv ˜amisg tym pqobkgl ˜atym tgr (stgm acoq ˜a ajim ˜gtym paqatgqe˜itai sumew ˜gr le˜iysg tym emoij˜iym jai tym til ˜ym ap ˜o to 1990) jai tou aqco ˜u quhlo ˜u tgr diadijas˜iar am ˜ajalxgr, e˜imai sav ˜er ˜oti oi m ˜eer sglamtij ˜er emisw ˜useir apoteko ˜um ep˜isgr sum ˜epeia tgr elpistos ˜umgr tym dieuhu- mt ˜ym tgr CL sto jq ˜ator, to opo˜io e˜imai upowqeyl ˜emo em p ˜asg peqipt ˜ysei ma jak ˜uxei ta sv ˜aklata tou paqek- h ˜omtor, ˜opyr va˜imetai jahaq ˜a ap ˜o ta epiweiq ˜glata pou amapt ˜ussoum oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er ˜osom avoq ˜a to j ˜ostor tym emakkajtij ˜ym k ˜useym. Pqovam ˜yr g CL dem ˜gtam o l ˜omor ˜olikor pou ˜aqwise ma evaql ˜ofei idia˜iteqa jeqdosjopij ˜g pokitij ˜g, akk ˜a l ˜omo ta dgl ˜osia pistytij ˜a idq ˜ulata lpoqo ˜usam ma upokoc˜ifoum stg woq ˜gcgsg jqatij ˜ym emisw ˜u- seym. Amt˜iheta, ta idiytij ˜a pistytij ˜a idq ˜ulata amacj ˜a- stgjam ap ˜o tgm acoq ˜a ma pqobo ˜um se ejtetal ˜emg amadi ˜aq- hqysg ˜g ma ajokouh ˜gsoum diadijas˜ia dijastijo ˜u sulbi- baslo ˜u. Le tom tq ˜opo aut ˜o ep ˜gkhe lia asulletq˜ia ˜osom avoq ˜a tour ˜oqour amtacymislo ˜u letan ˜u tym dglos˜iym jai idiytij ˜ym tqapefij ˜ym idqul ˜atym, pq ˜acla pou apoteke˜i sobaq ˜g stq ˜ebkysg tym jamomij ˜ym sumhgj ˜ym tgr acoq ˜ar. Stg sucjejqil ˜emg peq˜iptysg, ˜oka de˜iwmoum ˜oti e ˜am g CL dem t ˜ucwame diaqj ˜yr tgr apeqi ˜oqistgr, siypgq ˜gr ˜g qgt ˜gr, st ˜gqingr tou jq ˜atour, dem ha e˜iwe evaql ˜osei tgm qixoj˜im- dumg pokitij ˜g pou ev ˜gqlose ˜g, em p ˜asg peqipt ˜ysei, ha e˜iwe pqobe˜i pok ˜u myq˜iteqa jai le lecak ˜uteqg apovasistij ˜o- tgta stgm amadi ˜aqhqys ˜g tgr. L 221/66 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 G st ˜gqing tou e˜idour auto ˜u ap ˜o to jq ˜ator, g opo˜ia tekij ˜a sgla˜imei enasv ˜akisg tgr epib˜iysgr cia ta pistytij ˜a idq ˜u- lata pou amtiletyp˜ifoum dusw ˜eqeier, ˜opyr tom˜ifetai sto Rapport d’information aqih. 52 tgr cakkij ˜gr Ceqous˜iar (35), ˜ewei ep˜isgr yr apot ˜ekesla tgm pqostas˜ia tym pistyt ˜ym tour. G pqostas˜ia ˜olyr aut ˜g avaiqe˜i ap ˜o tour pistyt ˜er ta j˜imgtqa cia tom ˜ekecwo tgr sulpeqivoq ˜ar tym oveiket ˜ym tour. Ta pistytij ˜a idq ˜ulata dem up ˜ojeimtai pk ˜eom stom ˜ekecwo jai tir pi ˜eseir tgr acoq ˜ar. G pqostas˜ia tou e˜idour auto ˜u dem e˜imai l ˜omo adijaiok ˜ocgtg jai upeqbokij ˜g, akk ˜a ˜ewei ep˜isgr yr sum ˜epeia tg dgliouqc˜ia jim ˜gtqym cia tgm jaj ˜g diawe˜iqisg tym pistytij ˜ym idqul ˜atym — ˜opyr amav ˜e- qetai stgm odgc˜ia 94/19/EJ,tou Euqypaˇijo ˜u Joimobou- k˜iou jai tou Sulbouk˜iou tgr Euqypaˇij ˜gr ˜Emysgr tgr 30 ˜gr Lai¨ou 1994, peq˜i tym sustgl ˜atym eccu ˜gseym tym jatah ˜e- seym (36). G st ˜gqing tou let ˜owou, g opo˜ia le tg seiq ˜a tgr ep ˜etqexe tg st ˜gqing tym acoq ˜ym, e˜iwe yr apot ˜ekesla ma jahusteq ˜gsei g apaito ˜ulemg amadi ˜aqhqysg jai ma aunghe˜i to pos ˜o tym tekij ˜ym jqatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym. Yr ej to ˜utou, jai s ˜ulvyma le tir dgk ˜yseir tou Sulbouk˜iou jai tou Euqypaˇijo ˜u Joimobouk˜iou, g Epitqop ˜g sulvyme˜i ap ˜okuta le to epiwe˜iqgla to opo˜io ˜ewei diatupyhe˜i stour ajadglaˇi- jo ˜ur j ˜ujkour jai let ˜a tir tqapefij ˜er jq˜iseir se pokk ˜er ˜oti aut ˜or o va ˜ukor j ˜ujkor jai oi epipt ˜yseir ghijo ˜u w ˜yqer, waqajt ˜gqa («moral hazard») diadqal ˜atisam sglamtij ˜o q ˜oko stgm jq˜isg tgr CL. Ha pq ˜epei ep˜isgr ma tom˜isoule ˜oti oi stqebkytij ˜er sum ˜e- peier tym emisw ˜useym stom amtacymisl ˜o dem avoqo ˜um l ˜omo tgm pokitij ˜g pou ev ˜gqlosam sto paqekh ˜om g CL jai oi dgl ˜osier tq ˜apefer stir opo˜ier woqgc ˜ghgjam emisw ˜useir, akk ˜a lpoqe˜i ma dgliouqc ˜gsei jai pqosdoj˜ier cia to l ˜ekkom. ˜Opyr am ˜eveqam oi bqetamij ˜er aqw ˜er stir paqatgq ˜g- seir pou up ˜ebakam sto pka˜isio tgr paqo ˜usar diadijas˜iar, g epam ˜akgxg tgr em˜iswusgr lpoqe˜i ma odgc ˜gsei stgm amalom ˜g lekkomtij ˜ym emisw ˜useym ap ˜o tgm «diawe˜iqisg» tgr tq ˜apefar, le apot ˜ekesla m ˜eer stqebkytij ˜er sum ˜epeier cia tom amtacymisl ˜o. Epipk ˜eom, oi jqatij ˜er emisw ˜useir sta pk ˜eom eu ˜akyta pistytij ˜a idq ˜ulata epgqe ˜afoum aqmgtij ˜a jai sulb ˜akkoum stgm ˜asjgsg pi ˜eseym cia tg le˜iysg tym ˜otam paqou- peqihyq˜iym tou tol ˜ea. Oi jqatij ˜er emisw ˜useir, si ˜afoum epamakgptij ˜o waqajt ˜gqa, ˜opyr stgm peq˜iptysg tgr CL, apoteko ˜um epibq ˜abeusg tgr amapotekeslatij ˜o- tgtar jai upomole ˜uoum tgm peihaqw˜ia tgr acoq ˜ar. Cia to k ˜oco aut ˜o, oi jateuhumt ˜gqier cqall ˜er cia tir emisw ˜useir di ˜asysgr jai amadi ˜aqhqysgr dieujqim˜ifoum ˜oti, up ˜o jamo- mij ˜er sumh ˜gjer, oi emisw ˜useir aut ˜er pq ˜epei ma woqgco ˜umtai l ˜omo lia voq ˜a. G swed ˜om sustglatij ˜g st ˜gqing tym dglos˜iym pistytij ˜ym idqul ˜atym pou amtiletyp˜ifoum dusw ˜eqeier ap ˜o to jq ˜ator (CL, GAN-CIC, Cr(cid:130)dit Foncier de France, Marseillaise de Cr(cid:130)dit, Comptoir des Entrepreneurs) jai o epamakgptij ˜or waqajt ˜g- qar tym peqiss ˜oteqym emisw ˜useym di ˜asysgr, ˜ewei yr apot ˜e- kesla tgm epide˜imysg tym sumhgj ˜ym amtacymislo ˜u cia tir cakkij ˜er jai tir euqypaˇij ˜er tq ˜apefer sto en ˜acymo. G swed ˜om sustglatij ˜g aut ˜g st ˜gqing tou jq ˜atour epideim ˜ymei ep˜isgr tir dusw ˜eqeier tou wqglatopistytijo ˜u tol ˜ea sto s ˜umok ˜o tou jai ˜ewei idia˜iteqa aqmgtij ˜er epipt ˜yseir stgm apodotij ˜otgta tym idiytij ˜ym tqapef ˜ym, pq ˜acla pou apoteke˜i sobaq ˜g stq ˜ebkysg tou amtacymislo ˜u, aj ˜olg jai cia tir tq ˜apefer tym ˜akkym jqat ˜ym lek ˜ym pou keitouqco ˜um stg Cakk˜ia ˜g oi opo˜ier amtiletyp˜ifoum elp ˜odia stgm am ˜aptung tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym tour stg Cakk˜ia, k ˜ocy tgr ˜Opyr tom˜ifetai se lia ˜ejhesg tou jat ˜astasgr aut ˜gr. Commissariat G(cid:130)n(cid:130)ral au Plan (37), g asulletq˜ia tym ˜oqym eis ˜odou jai en ˜odou stom tqapefij ˜o tol ˜ea lpoqe˜i ma pqoja- k ˜esei tewmgt ˜g sulv ˜oqgsg stom cakkij ˜o tqapefij ˜o tol ˜ea, em ˜y g eke ˜uheqg e˜isodor stom jk ˜ado ha ˜epqepe jamomij ˜a ma amtistahl˜ifetai ap ˜o tgm eke ˜uheqg ˜enodo. Aut ˜g g ˜ekkeixg sumejtij ˜otgtar apoteke˜i lia ap ˜o tir juqi ˜oteqer, am ˜owi tgm juqi ˜oteqg ait˜ia tym pqobkgl ˜atym pou amtiletyp˜ifei o cakkij ˜or tqapefij ˜or tol ˜ear (38). S ˜ulvyma le tgm pqoama- veqhe˜isa ˜ejhesg tgr epitqop ˜gr wqglatooijomolij ˜ym hel ˜a- tym tgr Ceqous˜iar, «le tg sustglatij ˜g ap ˜oqqixg tgr k ˜usgr tgr qeustopo˜igsgr jai tgr p ˜ykgsgr, to l ˜omo pou jat ˜aveqam oi jubeqm ˜gseir e˜imai ma jatast ˜gsoum aj ˜ola pio dapamgq ˜er tir emapol ˜emouser k ˜useir, ev ˜osom g oijomolij ˜g em˜iswusg ˜ewei apodeiwhe˜i amapotekeslatij ˜g. Dustuw ˜yr, g Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais apoteke˜i waqajtgqistij ˜o paq ˜adeicla: to j ˜ostor tgr amabkgtij ˜otgtar apodeijm ˜uetai uxgk ˜o» (39). P˜imajar 16 Emisw ˜useir stour dgl ˜osiour tqapefijo ˜ur ol˜ikour tgr Cakk˜iar Dijaio ˜uwoi Aqihl ˜or tym swed˜iym em˜iswusgr ap ˜o to 1992 Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais Soci(cid:130)t(cid:130) Marseillaise de Cr(cid:130)dit (1) Comptoir des entrepreneurs GAN-CIC Cr(cid:130)dit Foncier de France (2) S ˜umoko 4 4 4 2 1 Sumokij ˜er emisw ˜useir lg amgcl ˜emer stgm paqo ˜usa an˜ia (1992-1998) (se disejatoll˜uqia FRF) 102 (touk ˜awistom) 2,1 15,2 23,76 25 168 (1) Lia aj ˜olg eisvoq ˜a jevaka˜iym, apqosdi ˜oqistou ˜uxour, pqobk ˜epetai to 1998. (2) 25 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym amtistoiwo ˜um sto pos ˜o tgr bqawupq ˜oheslgr pistytij ˜gr dieuj ˜okumsgr ap ˜o to jq ˜ator ˜akka stoiwe˜ia, ta opo˜ia dem e˜imai dumat ˜o ma pqosdioqisto ˜um aqihlgtij ˜a, pqobk ˜epomtai (apeqi ˜oqistg ecc ˜ugsg tou jq ˜atour jai am ˜akgxg ap ˜o to jq ˜ator tgr upowq ˜eysgr ma k ˜abei ta apaito ˜ulema l ˜etqa pou ha epitq ˜exoum stg CFF ma sumew˜isei ma asje˜i tg dqastgqi ˜otgt ˜a tgr let ˜a tgm 31g Iouk˜iou 1996). (35) Bk ˜epe S(cid:130)nat de la R(cid:130)publique fran(cid:135)aise, Banques: votre sant(cid:130) nous in- t(cid:130)resse, Rapport d’Information pou up ˜ebake o j. Alain Lambert (Ce- qousiast ˜gr, cemij ˜or eisgcgt ˜gr) en om ˜olator tgr epitqop ˜gr wqg- latooijomolij ˜ym hel ˜atym, dglosiomolijo ˜u ek ˜ecwou jai oijomo- lij ˜ym kocaqiasl ˜ym swetij ˜a le tgm jat ˜astasg jai tir pqoopti- j ˜er tou cakkijo ˜u tqapefijo ˜u sust ˜glator, aqih. 52, 1996-1997. (36) EE L 135 tgr 31. 5. 1994, s. 5. (37) Le syst(cid:138)me bancaire fran(cid:135)ais, Ojt ˜ybqior 1996, eis ˜gcgsg tou Com- missariat G(cid:130)n(cid:130)ral au Plan stgm ol ˜ada wqglatooijomolij ˜ym hel ˜a- tym tgr epitqop ˜gr wqglatooijomolij ˜ym hel ˜atym tgr Ceqous˜iar, bk ˜epe s. 86, tou Rapport d’information aqih. 52 tgr Epitqop ˜gr wqg- latooijomolij ˜ym hel ˜atym tgr Ceqous˜iar. (38) Paq ˜abake tgm pqoamaveqhe˜isa ˜ejhesg Lambert, s. 56. (39) Paq ˜abake tgm pqoamaveqhe˜isa ˜ejhesg Lambert, s. 60. 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/67 Opoiad ˜gpote bi ˜ysilg k ˜usg cia tgm CL jai to dgl ˜osio tqapefij ˜o s ˜ustgla stg Cakk˜ia pqoˇupoh ˜etei lia letaqq ˜uh- lisg tou cemijo ˜u sust ˜glator ek ˜ecwou tgr diawe˜iqisgr («corporate governance») tou ol˜ikou jai tym idqul ˜atym tou jai tgm ene ˜uqesg k ˜usgr sto pq ˜obkgla tou ghijo ˜u jimd ˜umou pou dgliouqce˜i g pqohul˜ia st ˜gqingr ap ˜o to jq ˜ator. Stg sucjejqil ˜emg peq˜iptysg, g Epitqop ˜g piste ˜uei ˜oti oi desle ˜useir pou am ˜ekabe g cakkij ˜g jub ˜eqmgsg ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm idiytijopo˜igsg jai tg dqastij ˜g suqq˜ijmysg tou ol˜ikou ha enasvak˜isoum lia bi ˜ysilg k ˜usg cia tir ekke˜i- xeir pou paqatgq ˜ghgjam sto paqekh ˜om stom ˜ekecwo tgr diawe˜iqisgr. Sto pka˜isio aut ˜o ha pq ˜epei ma amaveqhe˜i ˜oti g eqlgme˜ia pou ˜ewei dohe˜i epameikgll ˜ema ap ˜o tir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er sto ˜aqhqo 52 tou tqapefijo ˜u m ˜olou tou 1984 (bk ˜epe tl ˜gla 9 amyt ˜eqy) pqosh ˜etei ˜ema epipk ˜eom stqebkytij ˜o stoiwe˜io stour ˜oqour amtacymislo ˜u pou isw ˜uoum sto cakkij ˜o tqape- fij ˜o tol ˜ea. S ˜ulvyma le tir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, oi l ˜etowoi e˜imai upowqeyl ˜emoi ma stgq˜inoum ˜ema ˜idqula pou amtiletyp˜ifei dusw ˜eqeier am tour to fgt ˜gsoum oi molislatij ˜er aqw ˜er. Sto sgle˜io aut ˜o ha pq ˜epei ma tom˜isoule ˜oti le tom tq ˜opo aut ˜o c˜imetai di ˜ajqisg letan ˜u tym idiytij ˜ym tqapef ˜ym jai tym dglos˜iym tqapef ˜ym, o l ˜etowor tym opo˜iym ˜ewei stg ˜oti g eqlgme˜ia aut ˜g di ˜ahes ˜g tou apeqi ˜oqista l ˜esa jai odgce˜i se ˜amisg jatamol ˜g tym p ˜oqym, mohe ˜uei tgm e ˜uquhlg keitouqc˜ia tgr acoq ˜ar jai tour isw ˜uomter ˜oqour amtacymi- slo ˜u sto cakkij ˜o tqapefij ˜o tol ˜ea. G eqlgme˜ia aut ˜g tou tqapefijo ˜u m ˜olou, g opo˜ia pq ˜osvata apoqq˜ivhgje le ap ˜ovasg tou Evete˜iou Paqis˜iym, sum ˜ebake amalvisb ˜gtgta stir ak ˜ocister em ˜eqceier tym dieuhumt ˜ym tym dglos˜iym tqapef ˜ym stg Cakk˜ia, oi opo˜ioi bas˜ifomtam stg swed ˜om sustglatij ˜g st ˜gqing tou let ˜owou tour. Le tg dgliouqc˜ia pqosdoji ˜ym tou e˜idour auto ˜u, g eqlgme˜ia aut ˜g jat ˜estgse emtom ˜oteqer tir ˜gdg uvist ˜alemer stqebk ˜yseir tou amtacymi- slo ˜u. To cecom ˜or ˜oti oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er epijako ˜umtai aj ˜olg, se pokk ˜er peqipt ˜yseir tqapefij ˜gr jq˜isgr, tom ama- cjastij ˜o waqajt ˜gqa pou apod˜idoum sto ˜aqhqo 52, apodei- ˜oti to jq ˜ator-l ˜etowor dem ˜ewei sumetiste˜i le tir jm ˜uei epamakalbam ˜olemer jq˜iseir tym cakkij ˜ym dglos˜iym tqape- fij ˜ym idqul ˜atym jai ˜etoilo ma epamak ˜abei ˜oti e˜imai oqisl ˜ema ap ˜o ta sv ˜aklata tou paqekh ˜omtor. Amt˜i cia lia swed ˜om apeqi ˜oqistg st ˜gqing tou e˜idour auto ˜u, id˜iyr ev ˜osom oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er amapt ˜ussoum to epiwe˜iqgla tou jimd ˜umou let ˜adosgr liar sustglij ˜gr jq˜isgr stom up ˜okoipo wqglatopistytij ˜o tol ˜ea, stgm peq˜iptysg lec ˜a- kym tqapef ˜ym ˜opyr g CL (epiwe˜iqgla pou e˜imai cmyst ˜o yr «too big to fail»), g Epitqop ˜g piste ˜uei ˜oti oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er ha pq ˜epei ma ajokouh ˜gsoum, cia to joim ˜o sulv ˜eqom, diavo- qetij ˜g stqatgcij ˜g cia tgm amtilet ˜ypisg tym jq˜iseym stom tqapefij ˜o tol ˜ea, pqojeil ˜emou ma ekawistopoigho ˜um oi stqebkytij ˜er sum ˜epeier cia tom amtacymisl ˜o. G Epitqop ˜g ˜oti g syst ˜g pokitij ˜g pq ˜epei ma apobk ˜epei stgm piste ˜uei em˜iswusg tym tqapef ˜ym, dglos˜iym jai idiytij ˜ym. Ci’ aut ˜o ˜ewei lec ˜akg sglas˜ia, avem ˜or, oi aql ˜odier aqw ˜er ma jahisto ˜um sav ˜er ˜oti upeuhum ˜otgtar diaweiqist ˜ym tym tgr ˜oti oi tq ˜apefer, ta pistytij ˜a idq ˜ulata up ˜ojeimtai jamomij ˜a stir juq ˜yseir tgr acoq ˜ar jai ˜opyr jai oi up ˜okoiper epiweiq ˜gseir, diatq ˜ewoum tom j˜imdumo ejjah ˜aqisgr [ ˜opyr paqat ˜gqgse g aql ˜odia cakkij ˜g epoptij ˜g aqw ˜g stom tqape- fij ˜o tol ˜ea (Commission bancaire) stgm pqoamaveqhe˜isa ˜ejhes ˜g tgr cia to 1995], jai, avet ˜eqou, to jq ˜ator ma emeq- ce˜i amak ˜ocyr jat ˜a tgm amtilet ˜ypisg tym jq˜iseym stom tqapefij ˜o tol ˜ea, wyq˜ir ma j ˜amei di ˜ajqisg letan ˜u tym dglo- s˜iym jai tym idiytij ˜ym tqapef ˜ym. G pokitij ˜g aut ˜g pq ˜epei ma sumode ˜uetai ap ˜o l ˜etqa cia tgm pqostas˜ia tym lijq ˜ym jatahet ˜ym l ˜esy sustgl ˜atym ecc ˜ugsgr tym jatah ˜e- seym (40). G pokitij ˜g aut ˜g pqoˇupoh ˜etei ep˜isgr sumodeutij ˜er stqatgcij ˜er cia tg diadijas˜ia ejjah ˜aqisgr tym tqapef ˜ym pou amtiletyp˜ifoum dusw ˜eqeier pqojeil ˜emou ma peqioqi- sto ˜um oi jq˜iseir jai ma apoveuwhe˜i g en ˜apkys ˜g tour stom up ˜okoipo wqglatopistytij ˜o tol ˜ea jai stgm oijomol˜ia cemij ˜oteqa. G Epitqop ˜g piste ˜uei ˜oti ta jq ˜atg l ˜ekg diah ˜e- toum di ˜avoqa l ˜esa, ˜opyr oi pqosyqim ˜er eccu ˜gseir tym upowqe ˜yseym, ta opo˜ia epitq ˜epoum tgm pkais˜iysg tym diadijasi ˜ym ejjah ˜aqisgr jai, am ˜akoca le tgm peq˜iptysg, tgm apovuc ˜g liar sustglij ˜gr jq˜isgr. G Epitqop ˜g f ˜gtgse tg cm ˜ylg liar ol ˜adar «sov ˜ym» g opo˜ia apoteke˜itai ap ˜o pq ˜ygm dioijgt ˜er jemtqij ˜ym tqapef ˜ym tym jqat ˜ym lek ˜ym, oi opo˜ioi sulv ˜ymgsam le tgm ˜apox ˜g tgr ep˜i tou h ˜elator auto ˜u. 10. 3 Aniok ˜ocgsg tgr biysil ˜otgtar tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais b ˜asei tym upoh ˜eseym tou swed˜iou pou upebk ˜ghg stgm Epitqop ˜g tom Io ˜ukio 1997 Ha pq ˜epei ma upemhul˜isoule ˜oti g cemij ˜g aqw ˜g tym jateu- humtgq˜iym cqall ˜ym cia tir emisw ˜useir amadi ˜aqhqysgr ha ˜epqepe ma e˜imai ˜oti «oi emisw ˜useir epitq ˜epomtai l ˜omo se peqipt ˜yseir pou g ˜ecjqisg tgr em˜iswusgr e˜imai pqor to joimotij ˜o sulv ˜eqom. » G Epitqop ˜g pqo ˜ebg, jat’ aqw ˜ar, le tg bo ˜gheia tgr tq ˜apefar-sulbo ˜ukou, se lia am ˜akusg tou swed˜iou pou up ˜ebakam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er sto pka˜isio tgr esyteqij ˜gr sumejtij ˜otgtar tym upoh ˜eseym tou em k ˜ocy swed˜iou. G em k ˜ocy am ˜akusg dem pqodij ˜afei jat’ oud ˜ema tq ˜opo tir akkac ˜er pou ha lpoqo ˜usam ma c˜imoum kalbamol ˜e- mgr up ˜oxg tgr pokitij ˜gr tgr Joim ˜otgtar stom tol ˜ea tym ˜oti oi upoh ˜e- jqatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym, pq ˜acla pou sgla˜imei seir aut ˜er dem heyqo ˜umtai ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g am ˜evijter. S ˜ulvyma le to sw ˜edio tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym, le tgm «pk ˜gqg amtist ˜ahlisg» tou dame˜iou ta j ˜eqdg tgr CL ha aun ˜amomtai sumew ˜yr, ap ˜o 0,2 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja to 1996 se 3,2 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja to 2000 (jahaq ˜o apot ˜ekesla, leq˜i- dio tou ol˜ikou, let ˜a tg diamol ˜g tym es ˜odym ap ˜o tg q ˜gtqa). Let ˜a to 2000, s ˜ulvyma le tgm tq ˜apefa-s ˜ulbouko tgr Epitqop ˜gr, kalbamol ˜emou up ˜oxg tou uxgko ˜u epiteuwh ˜emtor apotek ˜eslator, ta apotek ˜eslata aut ˜a ha staheqopoig- ho ˜um jai o quhl ˜or bekt˜iys ˜gr tour ha e˜imai bqad ˜uteqor. (40) G odgc˜ia 94/19/EJ peq˜i tym sustgl ˜atym ecc ˜ugsgr tym jatah ˜e- seym pqobk ˜epei ˜oti ta jq ˜atg l ˜ekg h ˜etoum se evaqloc ˜g sust ˜gla- ta tou e˜idour auto ˜u, EE L 135 tgr 31. 5. 1994, s. 5. L 221/68 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 P˜imajar 17 Apotek ˜eslata tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais s ˜ulvyma le to sw ˜edio tou Iouk˜iou 1997 Wqglatooijomolij ˜er epipt ˜yseir tgr «amtist ˜ahlisgr» Le «amtist ˜ahlisg» Jahaq ˜o apot ˜ekesla, leq˜idio tou ol˜ikou (let ˜a tg q ˜gtqa epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg) (se disejatoll˜uqia FRF) 1996p 1997p 1998e 1999e 2000e 3,0 0,2 3,3 1,0 3,0 1,7 2,7 2,2 2,4 3,2 Sgle˜iysg: 1996 jai 1997 b ˜asei diapistyl ˜emym apotekesl ˜atym. Ta dedol ˜ema 1998-2000 ˜ewoum amawhe˜i stgm paqo ˜usa an˜ia jai upobkghe˜i ap ˜o tir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er tom L ˜aqtio 1998. G tekeuta˜ia amacyc ˜g tym stoiwe˜iym aut ˜ym stgm paqo ˜usa an˜ia ˜ecime tom L ˜aio 1998, paq ˜abake. p˜imaja 19. Let ˜a tgm evaqloc ˜g tym l ˜etqym amadi ˜aqhqysgr sto d˜ijtuo tgr Cakk˜iar, g juqi ˜oteqg pgc ˜g jeqd ˜ym tgr CL let ˜a tgm evaqloc ˜g tou swed˜iou e˜imai to lgtqopokitij ˜o d˜ijtuo, to opo˜io ha amtipqosype ˜uei peq˜ipou 57 % tou jahaqo ˜u apote- k ˜eslator (41) tgr CL ap ˜o to ˜etor 2000 jai let ˜a. Oi eqcas˜ier pou dien ˜gcace g tq ˜apefa-s ˜ulboukor tgr Epitqop ˜gr, oi opo˜ier bas˜ifomtai stour st ˜owour pou jah ˜o- qise g CL (stadiaj ˜g eisacyc ˜g tou jevaka˜iou sto wqglati- st ˜gqio cia to ˜etor 2000, stqatgcij ˜g tq ˜apefar cemij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym stg Cakk˜ia jai tq ˜apefar paqow ˜gr upgqesi ˜ym epiweiq ˜gseir cia tom up ˜okoipo j ˜oslo). ˜Osom avoq ˜a tg Cakk˜ia (DCAF), g tq ˜apefa-s ˜ulboukor tgr Epitqop ˜gr bq˜isjei kocij ˜er tir pqobk ˜exeir tgr CL. Oi pqobk ˜exeir aut ˜er stgq˜ifomtai se lia sav ˜g stqatgcij ˜g pou apobk ˜epei stg diat ˜gqgsg tym uvist ˜alemym leqid˜iym acoq ˜ar jai stg le˜iysg tou keitouqcijo ˜u j ˜ostour. To sw ˜edio bas˜ifetai stgm epituw˜ia tou pqocq ˜allator le˜iysgr tou j ˜ostour jai stg bekt˜iysg tgr poi ˜otgtar tym peqiou- siaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym. Sto bahl ˜o pou g CL dem vikodone˜i ma amajt ˜gsei leq˜idia acoq ˜ar (ejt ˜or ap ˜o tom tol ˜ea tgr jata- makytij ˜gr p˜istgr sto pka˜isio tgr etaiqij ˜gr sw ˜esgr tgr le ˜oti e˜imai tgm Cetelem), oi epidiyj ˜olemoi st ˜owoi va˜imetai am ˜akocoi tym dumatot ˜gtym tgr. G tq ˜apefa-s ˜ulboukor tgr Epitqop ˜gr dien ˜gcace am ˜akusg euaishgs˜iar ap ˜o tgm opo˜ia va˜imetai ˜oti, aj ˜ola jai stgm peq˜iptysg pou g CL lei ˜ysei ta cemij ˜a tgr ˜enoda jai to j ˜ostor ejlet ˜akkeusgr le quhl ˜o aishgt ˜a bqad ˜uteqo ap ˜o tom pqobkep ˜olemo, g ap ˜odos ˜g tgr dem pq ˜ojeitai ma tehe˜i se j˜imdumo. Amt˜iheta, g a ˜ungsg tym id˜iym jevaka˜iym ha e˜imai pok ˜u bqad ˜uteqg jai o sumteke- st ˜gr veqeccu ˜otgtar («tier one») dem ha upeqbe˜i to 5 % pqim to ˜etor 2000. G a ˜ungsg tym pqobk ˜exeym jat ˜a 20 % se sw ˜esg le aut ˜er tou swed˜iou ha ˜ewei lijq ˜oteqo amt˜ijtupo sto apot ˜ekesla jai to sumtekest ˜g id˜iym jevaka˜iym. H tq ˜apefa-s ˜ulboukor tgr Epitqop ˜gr jq˜imei ˜oti, sto l ˜etqo pou oi upoh ˜eseir tou epiweiqglatijo ˜u swed˜iou ap ˜o tgm ˜apoxg tou ˜ocjou tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym jai tou jahaqo ˜u pqoˇi ˜omtor tqapefij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym e˜imai l ˜akkom sumtgqgtij ˜er, dem apai- te˜itai g dienacyc ˜g am ˜akusgr euaishgs˜iar ˜osom avoq ˜a tg le˜iysg tou jahaqo ˜u pqoˇi ˜omtor tqapefij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym. G tq ˜apefa-s ˜ulboukor tgr Epitqop ˜gr en ˜etase tir up ˜okoiper pq ˜aneir tgr CL jai epis ˜glame ˜oti g ep˜idos ˜g tgr stgm (41) DCAF jai hucatqij ˜er tgr DCAF. Euq ˜ypg enaqt ˜atai se lec ˜ako bahl ˜o, cia tgm peq˜iodo pou jak ˜uptei to sw ˜edio, ap ˜o tgm ep˜idosg tgr BfG (g ejw ˜yqgsg tgr opo˜iar dem pqobk ˜epetai sto sw ˜edio pqim ap ˜o to 2000) ta apotek ˜eslata tgr opo˜iar amal ˜emetai ˜oti ha staheqopoi- gho ˜um let ˜a tgm amadi ˜aqhqys ˜g tgr jai tom epamapqosdioqi- sl ˜o tym stqatgcij ˜ym tgr. Sto bahl ˜o pou to sw ˜edio pqobk ˜epei sglamtij ˜er ejwyq ˜gseir stgm Euq ˜ypg, oi epid ˜o- seir tgr stg Cgqai ˜a ˜Gpeiqo ha epgqeasto ˜um ap ˜o ˜ejtajta stoiwe˜ia, am ˜akoca le to am oi ejwyq ˜gseir odgc ˜gsoum se upeqan˜ier ˜g ap ˜ykeier an˜iar. G tq ˜apefa-s ˜ulboukor tgr Epitqop ˜gr epis ˜glame ˜oti let ˜a tgm ejw ˜yqgsg ap ˜o tgm CL tym kiamij ˜ym tqapefij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym ejt ˜or tgr Cakk˜iar, jai tgm emopo˜igsg, pou dem ˜ewei aj ˜olg okojkgqyhe˜i, tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym tgr stir wqglatacoq ˜er jai stgm paqow ˜g upgqesi ˜ym se epiweiq ˜gseir, sglamtij ˜er sumeqc˜ier ep ˜etqexam tg bekt˜iysg tgr sumokij ˜gr j ˜akuxgr tym lec ˜akym pekat ˜ym tgr tq ˜apefar jai tgr enasv ˜akisam tir apaito ˜ulemer pqoˇu- poh ˜eseir cia tgm ep˜iteung tym st ˜owym tgr. Sucjejqil ˜ema, g Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais Americas, g opo˜ia e˜imai lia ap ˜o tir ek ˜awi- ster tq ˜apefer tym Gmyl ˜emym Pokitei ˜ym pou diah ˜etoum dijai ˜ylata elpoqij ˜gr tq ˜apefar jai tq ˜apefar epemd ˜useym, jah ˜yr jai g Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais Securities Asia, g opo˜ia eidije ˜ue- tai juq˜iyr stgm paqow ˜g wqglatistgqiaj ˜ym upgqesi ˜ym, apoteko ˜um d ˜uo pok ˜u sglamtij ˜er epiweiq ˜gseir tou ol˜ikou. G ˜upaqng tym d ˜uo aut ˜ym epiweiq ˜gseym emisw ˜uei tom kocij ˜o waqajt ˜gqa tgr diehmo ˜ur stqatgcij ˜gr jai tym wqglatooijo- molij ˜ym pqobk ˜exeym tgr tq ˜apefar. B ˜asei tym eqcasi ˜ym tgr tq ˜apefar-sulbo ˜ukou, g Epitqop ˜g sum ˜gcace to sulp ˜eqasla ˜oti to epiweiqglatij ˜o sw ˜edio pou tgr upobk ˜ghgje tom Io ˜ukio 1997 e˜imai se cemij ˜er cqall ˜er qeakistij ˜o t ˜oso ˜osom avoq ˜a tir upoh ˜eseir pou diatup ˜y- momtai, oi opo˜ier pqobk ˜epoum lia kocij ˜g am ˜aptung, wyq˜ir idia˜iteqa vik ˜odonour st ˜owour pou ha ˜gtam dumat ˜o ma odgc ˜gsoum tgm CL se lia epihetij ˜g pokitij ˜g ep˜i tym til ˜ym. To sw ˜edio aut ˜o, to opo˜io e˜imai sumejtij ˜o ˜osom avoq ˜a tg dol ˜g tou, pqobk ˜epei ijamopoigtij ˜a ep˜ipeda ap ˜odosgr cia to 2000, ˜etsi ˜yste ma elvam˜ifetai g CL bi ˜ysilg lajqopq ˜o- hesla, stir upoh ˜eseir ˜osom avoq ˜a tg woq ˜gcgsg emisw ˜u- seym jai tir amtipaqow ˜er pou pq ˜oteimam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er tom Io ˜ukio 1997. Ta apotek ˜eslata tgr CL to 1997 va˜imetai ˜oti se cemij ˜er cqall ˜er epibebai ˜ymoum tgm am ˜akusg aut ˜g. Ha pq ˜epei ma amav ˜eqoule ˜oti to jahaq ˜o pqoˇi ˜om tqapefij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym tgr CL ˜gtam uxgk ˜oteqo ap ˜o aut ˜o tou 1996 em ˜y to sw ˜edio pqo ˜ebkepe sglamtij ˜g le˜iys ˜g tou. 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/69 Ta sulpeq ˜aslata aut ˜a pq ˜epei ma stahlisto ˜um b ˜asei pokk ˜ym stoiwe˜iym. Oi epid ˜oseir tgr CL pq ˜epei ma eneta- sto ˜um se sw ˜esg le tir epid ˜oseir tym pk ˜eom sucjq˜isilym le aut ˜gm pistytij ˜ym idqul ˜atym. Kalbamol ˜emym up ˜oxg tym diav ˜oqym dqastgqiot ˜gtym pou asje˜i g CL, g s ˜ucjqisg aut ˜g dem e˜imai apk ˜g jai apaite˜i tgm en ˜etasg sglamtijo ˜u aqihlo ˜u idqul ˜atym jai acoq ˜ym b ˜asei lec ˜akou aqihlo ˜u jqitgq˜iym, ˜osom avoq ˜a to l ˜ecehor, tg dol ˜g, tgm oqc ˜amysg, tgm apodotij ˜otgta, to d˜ijtuo upojatastgl ˜atym, tgm paqous˜ia stgm ehmij ˜g jai tg diehm ˜g acoq ˜a, jkp. G en ˜etasg aut ˜g dien ˜gwhg ap ˜o tgm tq ˜apefa-s ˜ulbouko tgr Epitqop ˜gr ˜owi l ˜omo se sw ˜esg le tir pkgsi ˜esteqer stgm CL cakkij ˜er tq ˜apefer, ˜opyr g Soci(cid:130)t(cid:130) G(cid:130)n(cid:130)rale jai g B. M. Q. , akk ˜a jai se sw ˜esg le tir enek˜ineir stir up ˜okoiper tqapefij ˜er acoq ˜er stgm Euq ˜ypg jai tom up ˜okoipo j ˜oslo. le Ap ˜o tgm am ˜akusg aut ˜g pqoj ˜uptei ˜oti oi pqosp ˜aheier amadi ˜aqhqysgr pou jat ˜ebake g CL e˜imai sglamtij ˜er akk ˜a sto st ˜adio aut ˜o dem ˜ewoum aj ˜olg okojkgqyhe˜i. G CL paqousi ˜afei aj ˜ola sglamtij ˜o ˜ocjo pqosypijo ˜u jai lec ˜ako aqihl ˜o upojatastgl ˜atym, k ˜ocy tym opo˜iym ta cemij ˜a tgr ˜enoda e˜imai aqjet ˜a uxgk ˜a. G letab˜ibasg stom lgwamisl ˜o diawyqislo ˜u peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym pou amti- pqosype ˜uoum an˜ia 190 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym bekt˜iyse tgm ajah ˜aqistg ap ˜odosg tou waqtovukaj˜iou (g opo˜ia letq ˜atai peqih ˜yqio tour epitoj˜iou/l ˜esor ˜oqor tym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u jai ˜oqor tym ajah ˜aqisto apot ˜ekesla ejlet ˜akkeusgr/l ˜esor stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u akk ˜a oi sumtekest ˜er jahaq ˜gr ap ˜odosgr tgr CL (ap ˜odosg pqor stoiwe˜ia tou emeqcgtijo ˜u jai sucjq˜isilou lec ˜ehour pqor ˜idia jev ˜akaia) paqal ˜emoum aishgt ˜a walgk ˜oteqoi ap ˜o auto ˜ur tym ev ˜alikkym amtacymi- st ˜ym tgr. To j ˜ostor ejlet ˜akkeusgr (76 % to 1997) e˜imai aj ˜olg idia˜iteqa uxgk ˜o se sw ˜esg le aut ˜o tym c ˜akkym amta- cymist ˜ym tgr CL (le sumtekest ˜g peq˜ipou 70 %) akk ˜a jai tym akkodap ˜ym amtacymist ˜ym tgr (le sumtekest ˜g peq˜ipou 60 %). sumtekest ˜er b ˜asg Em ˜oxei tou tekijo ˜u stad˜iou tgr oijomolij ˜gr jai molislati- j ˜gr ˜emysgr, e˜imai pok ˜u piham ˜o ˜oti ha wqeiasto ˜um peqait ˜eqy lei ˜yseir tou sumtekest ˜g auto ˜u cia tir peqiss ˜oteqer euqy- paˇij ˜er tq ˜apefer jai pok ˜u peqiss ˜oteqo cia tgm CL. Ap ˜o tgm ˜apoxg tgr poi ˜otgtar tym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u, g pq ˜ang diawyqislo ˜u enasv ˜akise adialvisb ˜gtgta sglamtij ˜g bekt˜iysg jai s ˜gleqa to ep˜ipedo j ˜akuxgr tym episvak ˜ym apait ˜gseym epam ˜gkhe se jatakkgk ˜oteqa ep˜ipeda. Dedol ˜e- mou ˜oti o ˜ekecwor tym jimd ˜umym apot ˜ekese tom jq˜isilo paq ˜acomta o opo˜ior upeis ˜eqwetai sta peqiss ˜oteqa pqobk ˜g- lata tgr CL, ha pq ˜epei ma epakgheuhe˜i, lesopq ˜ohesla, g ijam ˜otgta pou ha enasvak˜isoum stgm tq ˜apefa ta m ˜ea sust ˜glata diawe˜iqisgr tym jimd ˜umym, ma pqobk ˜epei, ma pqokalb ˜amei jai ma diaweiq˜ifetai tour lecak ˜uteqour jimd ˜u- mour lesopq ˜ohesla jai, ep˜isgr, ma amtiletyp˜ifei ta apq ˜o- opta le ˜idiour p ˜oqour. T ˜ekor, ha pq ˜epei ma sgleiyhe˜i ˜oti, se sw ˜esg le tg stqatg- cij ˜g pou ajokouhe˜itai ap ˜o tgm ˜apoxg tgr ceycqavij ˜gr ep ˜ejtasgr jai tym jk ˜adym dqastgqiot ˜gtym, to l ˜ecehor tgr CL jai id˜iyr g di ˜astasg tym stahlisl ˜emym upowqe ˜yse ˜ym tgr, to ep˜ipedo jevakaiopo˜igsgr e˜imai walgk ˜oteqo ap ˜o aut ˜o tym amtacymist ˜ym tgr, pq ˜acla pou ˜ewei yr apot ˜e- kesla, letan ˜u ˜akkym, tgm a ˜ungsg tou j ˜ostour wqglatod ˜o- tgs ˜gr tgr stir wqglatacoq ˜er k ˜ocy tgr walgk ˜gr pistokgpti- j ˜gr tgr ijam ˜otgtar jai tom peqioqisl ˜o tym peqihyq˜iym am ˜aptun ˜gr tgr. Wyq˜ir tir emisw ˜useir pou ˜ekabe, g CL ha ˜gtam upowqeyl ˜emg ma lei ˜ysei se lec ˜ako bahl ˜o ta leq˜idia acoq ˜ar tgr stg Cakk˜ia, ta opo˜ia paqal ˜emoum paq ˜oloia le ta leq˜idia tym juqiot ˜eqym amtacymist ˜ym tgr. G CL ha lpoq ˜esei ma ajokouh ˜gsei jai p ˜aki lia stqatgcij ˜g am ˜aptungr, se ap ˜okutour ˜oqour jai ˜osom avoq ˜a ta leq˜idia tgr acoq ˜ar, l ˜omo ˜otam ha ˜ewei enasvak˜isei ˜ema ep˜ipedo id˜iym jevaka˜iym pok ˜u uxgk ˜oteqo ap ˜o aut ˜o pou diah ˜etei s ˜gleqa, pq ˜acla pou pqoˇupoh ˜etei, am dem c˜imei g amadi ˜aq- hqysg tym jevaka˜iym tgr, hetij ˜a apotek ˜eslata ep˜i seiq ˜a et ˜ym. Ap ˜o ta pqoamaveq ˜olema sum ˜acetai to sulp ˜eqasla, b ˜asei tou joimopoigh ˜emtor swed˜iou, ˜oti g CL e˜imai bi ˜ysilg, akk ˜a ˜oti ha pq ˜epei ma jatabkgho ˜um aj ˜olg sglamtij ˜er pqosp ˜a- heier pqojeil ˜emou ma edqaiyhe˜i g epiteko ˜ulemg am ˜ajalxg. G Epitqop ˜g, sta sulpeq ˜aslat ˜a tgr ˜osom avoq ˜a tg biysi- l ˜otgta tgr CL, ha pq ˜epei ma k ˜abei ep˜isgr up ˜oxg tgr tir ousiastij ˜er tqopopoi ˜gseir pou ha pq ˜epei ma c˜imoum sto joimopoigh ˜em sw ˜edio, kalbamol ˜emym up ˜oxg tym apait ˜g- seym ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm ekawistopo˜igsg tym emisw ˜useym jai tym amtistahlistij ˜ym l ˜etqym cia tir stqebk ˜yseir tou amtacymislo ˜u, ˜opyr pqobk ˜epomtai ap ˜o tour joimotijo ˜ur jam ˜omer amtacymislo ˜u (paq ˜abake tl ˜glata 10. 4 jai 10. 5 jatyt ˜eqy). 10. 4 Amakocij ˜otgta tym emisw ˜useym ˜emamti tou j ˜ostour jai tym pkeomejtgl ˜atym tgr amadi ˜aqhqysgr. Tqopo- po˜igsg tym pqobk ˜exeym tou joimopoigh ˜emtor swed˜iou Ha pq ˜epei ma upemhul˜isoule ˜oti oi jateuhumt ˜gqier cqall ˜er cia tir emisw ˜useir di ˜asysgr jai amadi ˜aqhqysgr pqobk ˜e- poum ˜oti «cia ma peqioqisto ˜um oi stqebkytij ˜er sum ˜epeier, g loqv ˜g up ˜o tgm opo˜ia woqgce˜itai g em˜iswusg pq ˜epei ma e˜imai t ˜etoia pou ma lg dgliouqce˜i stgm etaiqe˜ia pke ˜omasla letqgt ˜ym to opo˜io ha lpoqo ˜use ma wqgsilopoighe˜i cia epihetij ˜er dqastgqi ˜otgter stq ˜ebkysgr tgr acoq ˜ar amen ˜aq- tgter ap ˜o tg diadijas˜ia amadi ˜aqhqysgr. » Cia ma ejtilghe˜i jat ˜a p ˜oso oi emisw ˜useir e˜imai am ˜akocer tou epidiyj ˜olemou st ˜owou jai am g CL sulb ˜akkei le j ˜ahe dumat ˜o tq ˜opo sto sw ˜edio amadi ˜aqhqysgr pou ˜ewei upobkghe˜i stgm Epitqop ˜g, ˜opyr apaito ˜um oi jateuhumt ˜gqier cqall ˜er cia tir emisw ˜u- seir amadi ˜aqhqysgr, g Epitqop ˜g diawyq˜ifei tir emisw ˜useir pou apoqq ˜eoum ap ˜o tgm a ˜ungsg tym fgli ˜ym tou CDR ap ˜o tir emisw ˜useir pou avoqo ˜um tgm tqopopo˜igsg tym ˜oqym tou dame˜iou tgr CL stgm EPFR. O emisw ˜useir stgm CL cia tir fgl˜ier tou CDR jai tgr EPFR ove˜ikomtai juq˜iyr stgm ait˜ia pou od ˜gcgse stgm pq ˜ang diawyqislo ˜u tou 1995 jai e˜imai d ˜usjoko cia tir dgl ˜osier aqw ˜er ma pqosaql ˜osoum to pos ˜o, ejt ˜or am teho ˜um up ˜o alvisb ˜gtgsg oi basij ˜er aqw ˜er tgr pq ˜angr diawyqislo ˜u jai id˜iyr o jatakocisl ˜or tym fgli ˜ym tou CDR stgm EPFR. Oi fgl˜ier aut ˜er syst ˜a jatakoc˜ifomtai stgm CL (le tgm epiv ˜u- kang tuw ˜om svakl ˜atym diawe˜iqisgr tou CDR ta opo˜ia ha pq ˜epei ma stoiweiohetgho ˜um ˜ema pqor ˜ema), ev ˜osom to CDR am ˜ekabe ta episvak ˜g stoiwe˜ia tou emeqcgtijo ˜u jai tir episvake˜ir apait ˜gseir tgr tq ˜apefar. Dedol ˜emou ˜oti to CDR e˜imai lg emopoigl ˜emg hucatqij ˜g tgr CL (sto opo˜io g CL dem ˜ewei pk ˜eom, b ˜asei tgr ap ˜ovasgr 95/547/EJ, jam ˜ema dija˜iyla ap ˜ovasgr) oi fgl˜ier aut ˜er dem epgqe ˜afoum pk ˜eom tg wqglatooijomolij ˜g jat ˜astasg tgr CL, dedol ˜emou ˜oti dem jatakoc˜ifomtai pk ˜eom s’ aut ˜gm, ev ˜osom tir amakalb ˜a- mei to jq ˜ator le tg loqv ˜g tgr amadi ˜aqhqysgr tym jeva- ka˜iym tgr EPFR. L 221/70 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 Amt˜iheta, ta epit ˜ojia le ta opo˜ia woqgc ˜ghgje to d ˜ameio tgr CL stgm EPFR ˜ewoum ˜alesg ep˜idqasg stgm ap ˜odosg tgr CL. ˜Opyr va˜imetai stom p˜imaja 13 pou paqat˜ihetai pio p ˜amy, g «amtist ˜ahlisg» tou jahaqo ˜u j ˜ostour wqglatod ˜otgsgr tou dame˜iou auto ˜u letab ˜akkei aishgt ˜a ta apotek ˜eslata tgr CL. Pq ˜ojeitai cia lia emakkajtij ˜g k ˜usg cia to jq ˜ator, to opo˜io ˜ewei ˜gdg pqosv ˜ucei se tqopo- poi ˜gseir tou e˜idour auto ˜u le tg woq ˜gcgsg tym epeicous ˜ym emisw ˜useym tou 1995 jai tou 1996 pqojeil ˜emou ma bekti ˜ysei tg wqglatooijomolij ˜g h ˜esg tgr CL. Cia to k ˜oco aut ˜o, g Epitqop ˜g en ˜etase jat ˜a p ˜oso oi sulpkgqylatij ˜er emisw ˜useir e˜imai am ˜akocer tym epidiyj ˜olemym st ˜owym, b ˜asei tgr amtist ˜ahlisgr tou dame˜iou stgm EPFR jai tgr jat ˜aqcgsgr tgr olokoc˜iar wyq˜ir tojole- q˜idio, oi opo˜ier apoteko ˜um sglamtij ˜g a ˜ungsg tou j ˜ostour wqglatod ˜otgsgr tgr pq ˜angr cia tgm EPFR, le to opo˜io baq ˜umetai to jq ˜ator. G «amtist ˜ahlisg» tou dame˜iou stgm EPFR dem lpoqe˜i emdewol ˜emyr ma heyqghe˜i apaqa˜itgtg paq ˜a l ˜omom ev ˜osom g CL dem e˜imai se h ˜esg ma autowqglatodot ˜gsei to j ˜ostor pou sumep ˜acetai ci’ aut ˜gm to d ˜ameio stgm EPFR (p ˜eqa ap ˜o tgm ap ˜odosg le 85 % tou TLL). Ha pq ˜epei ma upemhul˜isoule ˜oti g q ˜uhlisg aut ˜g apoteke˜i l˜ia loqv ˜g sulbok ˜gr tgr CL sto sw ˜edio am ˜ajalxgr, g opo˜ia epitq ˜epei tom peqioqisl ˜o tym emisw ˜useym. Ha pq ˜epei ep˜isgr ma tom˜isoule ˜oti g «amtist ˜ahlisg» dem e˜imai duma- t ˜om ma enoloiyhe˜i le ep ˜emdusg (cia tgm opo˜ia woqgco ˜umtai emisw ˜useir) pou epgqe ˜afei tom isoko- cisl ˜o tgr tq ˜apefar, akk ˜a ˜oti apoteke˜i stoiwe˜io pou peqikalb ˜ametai sta apotek ˜eslata. Cia tom k ˜oco aut ˜o, g am ˜acjg amtist ˜ahlisgr pq ˜epei ma aniokocghe˜i se sw ˜esg le tg wqglatooijomolij ˜g jat ˜astasg tgr CL. G CL pqo ˜ebg, stir aqw ˜er Lai¨ou 1998, se m ˜eer pqobk ˜exeir apotekesl ˜atym b ˜asei tym ejwyq ˜gseym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u sto pka˜isio tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr. Ta stoiwe˜ia aut ˜a, ta opo˜ia ˜ewoum amawhe˜i stgm paqo ˜usa an˜ia, de˜iwmoum ˜oti oi basij ˜er upoh ˜eseir tou swed˜iou ˜ewoum tqopopoighe˜i sglamtij ˜a jai ˜oti, ap ˜o to 1997 ˜eyr to 1999, g CL dem lpoqo ˜use ma epit ˜uwei hetij ˜o apot ˜ekesla wyq˜ir amtist ˜ahlisg tou dame˜iou, to pos ˜o tgr opo˜iar e˜imai uxgk ˜oteqo, cia j ˜ahe ˜ema ap ˜o ta ˜etg aut ˜a, ap ˜o to j ˜eqdor tgr CL (pqim tgm evaqloc ˜g tgr q ˜gtqar). G pqosaqloc ˜g e˜imai idia˜iteqa aishgt ˜g to 1999, dedol ˜emou ˜oti g CL pqobk ˜epei jahaq ˜o apot ˜ekesla walgk ˜oteqo jat ˜a 2 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja ap’ aut ˜o tym pqobk ˜exeym tou Iouk˜iou 1997. G Epitqop ˜g paqad ˜ewetai ˜oti, wyq˜ir tgm «amti- st ˜ahlisg» tou dame˜iou stgm EPFR ap ˜o to 1997 ˜eyr to 1999, oi fgl˜ier lpoqo ˜um ma dgliouqc ˜gsoum sobaq ˜er emt ˜aseir, kalbamol ˜emgr up ˜oxg tgr walgk ˜gr pistokgptij ˜gr ijam ˜otgtar tgr CL jai tgr h ˜esgr tgr up ˜o ˜ekecwo, stir aqw ˜er tou 1998, ap ˜o tom oqcamisl ˜o Moody jai, le tom tq ˜opo aut ˜o, ma tehe˜i up ˜o j˜imdumo g amadi ˜aqhqys ˜g tgr pou dem ˜ewei aj ˜olg okojkgqyhe˜i. G Epitqop ˜g amacmyq˜ifei ˜oti to j ˜ostor tgr amadi ˜aqhqysgr pou pqobk ˜epetai sto pka˜isio tou swed˜iou pa ˜usgr dqastgqiot ˜g- tym jai ejwyq ˜gseym to opo˜io evaql ˜ofei g cakkij ˜g jub ˜eqmgsg ˜ewei idia˜iteqer epipt ˜yseir cia ta ˜etg 1998 jai 1999, ta opo˜ia ˜ewoum stqatgcij ˜g sglas˜ia cia tom ˜oliko em ˜oxei tgr idiytijopo˜igsgr pou pq ˜epei ma okojkgqyhe˜i tom Ojt ˜ybqio 1999. P˜imajar 18 Amaheyqgl ˜emer upoh ˜eseir 1996-2000 Wqglatooijomolij ˜er epipt ˜yseir tgr «amtist ˜ah- lisgr» Jahaq ˜o apot ˜ekesla tou ol˜ikou (pqim tgm evaq- loc ˜g tgr q ˜gtqar) — M ˜eer ejtil ˜gseir — Sw ˜edio tou Iouk˜iou 1997 Diavoq ˜a tou apotek ˜eslator se sw ˜esg le to sw ˜edio tou Iouk˜iou 1997 1997 3,3 1,9 2,3 –0,4 1998 3,0 [. ] 2,7 [. ] (se disejatoll˜uqia FRF) 1999 2,7 [. ] 4,5 [. ] 2000 2,4 3,6 6,6 –3,0 Sgle˜iysg: ta stoiwe˜ia pou wqgsilopoi ˜ghgjam stom p˜imaja aut ˜o upobk ˜ghgjam ap ˜o tgm CL stgm Epitqop ˜g tom L ˜aio 1998. Ta stoi- we˜ia aut ˜a stgq˜ifomtai sta epite ˜uclata (1996-1997) jai tir pqobk ˜exeir tgr tq ˜apefar jai ˜ewoum amawhe˜i stgm an˜ia tou Lai¨ou pqojeil ˜emou ma kgvho ˜um up ˜oxg oi epipt ˜yseir tym ejwyq ˜gseym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u stom ˜ocjo tym eqca- si ˜ym tgr tq ˜apefar jai ta apotek ˜eslat ˜a tgr Ep˜isgr, ˜opyr am ˜eveqam oi ejpq ˜osypoi tgr CL se sumedq˜iasg pou dien ˜gwhg stir 7 Lai¨ou 1998, g CL amal ˜emei ˜oti, l ˜okir okojkgqyho ˜um oi amadiaqhq ˜yseir pou sumd ˜eomtai le tir ejwyq ˜gseir, ha e˜imai se h ˜esg, ap ˜o to 2000 jai let ˜a, ma wqglatodot ˜gsei tgm am ˜aptun ˜g tgr wyq˜ir ma wqei ˜afetai to s ˜umoko tgr «amtist ˜ahlisgr» tou dame˜iou pou pqot ˜ahgje aqwij ˜a ap ˜o tir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er tom Io ˜ukio tou 1997. Ha pq ˜epei ma tom˜isoule ˜oti lec ˜akor aqihl ˜or stoiwe˜iym pou sumd ˜eomtai le tir amadiaqhq ˜yseir let ˜a tgm paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg, dem epamakalb ˜amomtai let ˜a to ˜etor 2000, dedol ˜emou ˜oti, s ˜ulvyma le to wqomodi ˜acqalla tym ejwyq ˜gseym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u, oi ejwyq ˜gseir aut ˜er ha pq ˜epei ma ˜ewoum okojkgqyhe˜i stir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 2000. Yr ej to ˜utou, oi lesopq ˜ohesler pqooptij ˜er tgr CL, jat ˜a tgm idiytijopo˜igs ˜g tgr to 1999, ha pq ˜epei ma e˜imai pok ˜u pio eumoˇij ˜er, le tgm pqoˇup ˜ohesg ˜oti ha sumew˜isei tir pqosp ˜aheier pou jatab ˜akkei ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm esyteqij ˜g amadi ˜aqhqys ˜g tgr pqojeil ˜emou, id˜iyr, ma lei ˜ysei ej m ˜eou to j ˜ostor ejlet ˜akkeus ˜gr tgr (sw ˜esg letan ˜u cemij ˜ym en ˜odym jai jahaqo ˜u pqoˇi ˜omtor tqapefij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym) se 70 % peq˜ipou. 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/71 G Epitqop ˜g piste ˜uei ˜oti g idiytijopo˜igsg tgr CL jai to t ˜ekor tgr abebai ˜otgtar pou sumd ˜eetai le to sw ˜edio emisw ˜u- seym pq ˜ojeitai ma tqopopoi ˜gsoum sglamtij ˜a tour ˜oqour ejlet ˜akkeusgr tgr tq ˜apefar. G pq ˜osbas ˜g tgr stgm acoq ˜a cia tgm a ˜ungsg tym id˜iym jevaka˜iym tgr ha dieujokumhe˜i. G CL ha enasvak˜isei l˜ia pqoodeutij ˜g le˜iysg tou j ˜ostour tou dameislo ˜u tgr, to opo˜io e˜imai ep˜i tou paq ˜omtor lecak ˜u- teqo ap ˜o aut ˜o tym amtacymist ˜ym tgr k ˜ocy tgr walgk ˜gr pistokgptij ˜gr tgr ijam ˜otgtar. Yr ej to ˜utou, ta peqih ˜yqi ˜a tgr ha epam ˜ekhoum sto ep˜ipedo tym peqihyq˜iym tym juqio- t ˜eqym amtacymist ˜ym tgr. G bekt˜iysg tym peqihyq˜iym tgr ha emisw ˜usei tgm am ˜ajalxg w ˜aqg stg le˜iysg tou j ˜ostour ejlet ˜akkeusgr. Sumep ˜yr, let ˜a tgm idiytijopo˜igsg, ha pq ˜epei ma pkgqo ˜umtai ˜oker oi pqoˇupoh ˜eseir cia tgm ˜emaqng liar diaqjo ˜ur amodij ˜gr poqe˜iar. H Epitqop ˜g episgla˜imei ep˜isgr ˜oti ta pqobk ˜glata tgr CL on ˜umhgjam idia˜iteqa se l˜ia peq˜iodo duslemo ˜ur oijomolij ˜gr sucjuq˜iar, to 1992 jai idia˜iteqa eua˜ishgtg stgm to 1993. L˜ia tq ˜apefa e˜imai ˜ewei ˜owi l ˜omo di ˜oti en ˜eking tgr oijomolij ˜gr sucjuq˜iar, ˜aleser epipt ˜yseir stgm am ˜aptun ˜g tgr (stgm pqojeil ˜emg peq˜iptysg, g am ˜aptung tgr CL ha ˜eleme lesopq ˜ohesla walgk ˜g k ˜ocy tgr diat ˜gqgsgr em ˜or lgwamislo ˜u amawa˜i- tisgr), akk ˜a ep˜isgr di ˜oti oi j˜imdumoi tym pekat ˜ym tgr jai to posost ˜o adumal˜iar ejpk ˜gqysgr tym upowqe ˜yse ˜ym tour e˜imai pok ˜u lijq ˜oteqo ˜otam g lajqooijomolij ˜g sucjuq˜ia e˜imai eumoˇij ˜g. Kalbamol ˜emym up ˜oxg tym eumoˇij ˜ym leso- pq ˜oheslym pqooptij ˜ym tgr euqypaˇij ˜gr oijomol˜iar, w ˜aqg sto pka˜isio am ˜aptungr jai staheq ˜otgtar pou ˜ewei dgliouq- cghe˜i ap ˜o tgm oijomolij ˜g jai molislatij ˜g ˜emysg, g Epitqop ˜g piste ˜uei ˜oti g am ˜ajalxg tgr CL ha epiteuwhe˜i se ˜ema eumoˇij ˜o pka˜isio, to opo˜io ha tgr epitq ˜exei ma okojkg- q ˜ysei tir pqosp ˜aheier amadi ˜aqhqysgr jai tg dqastij ˜g le˜iysg tgr an˜iar tou isokocislo ˜u tgr b ˜asei tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr, kalbamol ˜emym aj ˜olg up ˜oxg tym peqioqisl ˜ym pou epib ˜akkei stgm am ˜aptun ˜g tgr g paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg. B ˜asei ˜okym aut ˜ym jai kalbamol ˜emym up ˜oxg tym m ˜eym ejti- l ˜gseym tgr CL, g Epitqop ˜g piste ˜uei ˜oti oi pqobk ˜exeir ˜osom avoq ˜a tg biysil ˜otgt ˜a tgr b ˜asei tou aqwijo ˜u swed˜iou tou 1997 paqal ˜emoum e ˜ukocer. G Epitqop ˜g sum ˜gcace to sulp ˜eqasla ˜oti e˜imai dumat ˜om ma ecjqihe˜i pk ˜gqgr amtist ˜ahlisg tou dame˜iou cia ta ˜etg 1997, 1998 jai 1999 jai ˜oti, stg sum ˜eweia, g CL ha e˜imai se h ˜esg ma amtiletyp˜isei to j ˜ostor amawqglatod ˜otgsgr tym lajqopq ˜oheslym upowqe ˜yseym pou amtistoiwo ˜um sto d ˜ameio pqor tgm EPFR wyq˜ir ma tehe˜i se j˜imdumo g biysil ˜o- tgt ˜a tgr. O peqioqisl ˜or aut ˜or dem epgqe ˜afei to pos ˜o tym emisw ˜useym (bk ˜epe p˜imaja 15) pou ˜ewei upokociste˜i b ˜asei tgr pk ˜gqour amtist ˜ahlisgr tou dame˜iou stgm CL. G fgl˜ia cia to jq ˜ator, yr apot ˜ekesla tgr letabok ˜gr tgr an˜iar tgr tq ˜apefar, isodumale˜i le tg le˜iysg tgr em˜iswusgr, ˜yste oi epipt ˜yseir sto jahaq ˜o pos ˜o tgr em˜iswusgr, cia ta oijomo- lij ˜a tou jq ˜atour, e˜imai alekgt ˜eer (42). ˜etsi Stg b ˜asg aut ˜g, oi sulpkgqylatij ˜er emisw ˜useir to sulbib ˜a- silo tym opo˜iym enet ˜afetai sto pka˜isio tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr upokoc˜ifetai ˜oti am ˜eqwomtai se 53 ˜eyr 98 dise- jatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja, upeqba˜imoum dgkad ˜g jat ˜a pok ˜u tir emisw ˜useir pou em ˜ejqime g Epitqop ˜g to 1995 jai to 1996. En ˜akkou, g Epitqop ˜g jai g cakkij ˜g jub ˜eqmgsg sulv ˜ymg- sam cia tg dgliouqc˜ia em ˜or wqglatopistytijo ˜u lgwami- slo ˜u, to apot ˜ekesla tou opo˜iou ha e˜imai isod ˜umalo le to apot ˜ekesla tgr amawa˜itisgr pou ˜ewei g upowq ˜eysg cia tgm CL ma wqglatodot ˜gsei to d ˜ameio pqor tgm EPFR le epit ˜o- jio 85 % tou TLL, dgkad ˜g j ˜aty ap ˜o to posost ˜o amawqg- latod ˜otgs ˜g tour le aut ˜o. O lgwamisl ˜or upojat ˜astasgr, s ˜ulvyma le tgm aqw ˜g tou idi ˜ytg epemdut ˜g stgm oijomol˜ia tgr acoq ˜ar pou amav ˜eqhgje pio p ˜amy, dem ha pq ˜epei ma elpeqi ˜ewei m ˜eer emisw ˜useir pqor tgm CL (bk ˜epe tl ˜gla 10. 6 jatyt ˜eqy), akk ˜a a ˜ungsg tou epitoj˜iou enupgq ˜etgsgr tou dame˜iou pqor tgm EPFR se 100 % tou TLL. Kalbamol ˜emou up ˜oxg tou stoiwe˜iou auto ˜u, g Epitqop ˜g sglei ˜ymei ˜oti g lg woq ˜gcgsg tou dame˜iou ˜uxour 2 diseja- tolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym ap ˜o tgm Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais stgm EPFR, st ˜owor tou opo˜iou ˜gtam g wqglatod ˜otgsg tgr eccqav ˜gr ap ˜o tgm EPFR olokoc˜iar wyq˜ir tojoleq˜idio, paq ˜oko pou apoteke˜i diavuc ˜om j ˜eqdor cia to jq ˜ator (to opo˜io ˜ewei kgvhe˜i up ˜oxg ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g stom upokocisl ˜o tym emisw ˜useym jai tym apaito ˜ulemym amtipaqow ˜ym), dedol ˜e- mou ˜oti g EPFR dem e˜iwe tg dumat ˜otgta letatqop ˜gr liar upowq ˜eysgr le bqawupq ˜oheslo epit ˜ojio se apa˜itgsg le lajqopq ˜oheslo epit ˜ojio, dem ˜ewei ˜aleser epipt ˜yseir stgm Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais, g opo˜ia apk ˜yr apakk ˜assetai ap ˜o l˜ia upowq ˜eysg k ˜gxgr jai woq ˜gcgsgr dame˜iou ˜uxour 10 diseja- tolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym le to epit ˜ojio tgr acoq ˜ar, o ˜ute sto kocaqiasl ˜o apotekesl ˜atym tgr jai sto sumtekest ˜g veqec- cu ˜otgt ˜ar tgr (43). 10. 5 Amtipaqow ˜er am ˜akocer tym stqebk ˜yseym tou amtacy- mislo ˜u k ˜ocy tgr woq ˜gcgsgr emisw ˜useym stgm Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais G sumokij ˜g am ˜akusg stgm opo˜ia pqoba˜imei g Epitqop ˜g stir emisw ˜useym amadi ˜aqhqysgr se peqipt ˜yseir woq ˜gcgsgr dusw ˜eqeier epiwe˜iqgsg pou amtiletyp˜ifei oijomolij ˜er pq ˜epei ma kalb ˜amei up ˜oxg tgr to joim ˜o emdiav ˜eqom pou paqousi ˜afei g sum ˜ewisg tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym tgr em k ˜ocy epiwe˜iqgsgr, kalbamol ˜emou up ˜oxg tou amtacymistijo ˜u pkais˜iou tou tol ˜ea, jai avet ˜eqou tg letabok ˜g tym sumhg- j ˜ym amtacymislo ˜u pou pqojake˜i g em k ˜ocy em˜iswusg. Oi stqebk ˜yseir tou amtacymislo ˜u lpoqo ˜um ma leiyho ˜um le tom peqioqisl ˜o tym emisw ˜useym sto apok ˜utyr apaqa˜itgto pos ˜o, akk ˜a jai le tg k ˜gxg amtistahlistij ˜ym l ˜etqym cia tgm epiwe˜iqgsg. Am g Epitqop ˜g e˜imai le tom tq ˜opo aut ˜o se h ˜esg ma pet ˜uwei ousiastij ˜g le˜iysg tym stqebk ˜yseym tou amtacymislo ˜u, oi emisw ˜useir e˜imai dumat ˜om ma jgquwho ˜um sulbib ˜asiler le to joim ˜o sulv ˜eqom, le tgm epiv ˜ukang tym upoko˜ipym ˜oqym pou pqobk ˜epei to pka˜isio cia tgm amadi ˜aq- hqysg. (42) B ˜asei sulbatij ˜ym upoh ˜eseym s ˜ulvyma le tir opo˜ier oi voqoko- cij ˜er epipt ˜yseir ap ˜o l˜ia letabok ˜g tym es ˜odym ejlet ˜akkeusgr amtistahl˜ifetai ap ˜o ˜ema oqiaj ˜o pokkapkasiastij ˜o sumtekest ˜g letan ˜u tgr an˜iar tgr tq ˜apefar jai tgr an˜iar tym id˜iym jevaka˜i- ym. (43) Ta d ˜ameia pqor to jq ˜ator dem elpeqi ˜ewoum jam ˜ema j˜imdumo jai sumep ˜yr dem jatakoc˜ifomtai sto sumtekest ˜g veqeccu ˜otgtar tgr tq ˜apefar (oi epipt ˜yseir sta stahlisl ˜ema stoiwe˜ia tou emeqcgti- jo ˜u e˜imai am ˜upaqjter). L 221/72 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 a) Stoiwe˜ia aniok˜ocgsgr tym stqebk˜yseym tou amtacymislo˜u Pqim ap ˜o otid ˜gpote ˜akko ha pq ˜epei ma upemhul˜isoule ˜oti am dem e˜iwe k ˜abei tir up ˜o en ˜etasg emisw ˜useir, g CL ha e˜iwe tehe˜i up ˜o ejjah ˜aqisg. S ˜ulvyma le tir jateuhumt ˜gqier cqall ˜er tgr Epitqop ˜gr cia tir emisw ˜useir di ˜asysgr jai amadi ˜aqhqysgr (44), o q ˜okor tym amtistahlistij ˜ym l ˜etqym e˜imai ma peqioq˜isei tir stqebk ˜yseir tou amtacymislo ˜u pou sumd ˜eomtai le tir emisw ˜useir stir juqi ˜oteqer acoq ˜er stir opo˜ier g epiwe˜iqgsg pou kalb ˜amei tir emisw ˜useir asje˜i amtacymisl ˜o se paq ˜oloier epiweiq ˜gseir. Le tg le˜iysg tgr paqacycij ˜gr ijam ˜otgtar ˜g tom peqioqisl ˜o tym leqid˜iym acoq ˜ar, amtistahl˜ifomtai jat ˜a j ˜apoio tq ˜opo oi sum ˜epeier cia tour amtacymist ˜er jai peqioq˜ifomtai sto l ˜etqo tou dumato ˜u oi stqebk ˜yseir tou amtacymislo ˜u pou pqojako ˜um oi emisw ˜useir. Ha pq ˜epei ma pqosh ˜esoule ˜oti oi amtipaqow ˜er le tg loqv ˜g ejw ˜yqgsgr stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr CL, pou odgco ˜um se le˜iysg tgr an˜iar tou isokocislo ˜u tgr, ˜opyr aut ˜er pou e˜iwam pqobkevhe˜i ap ˜o tir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er em ˜oxei tgr pqog- co ˜ulemgr ap ˜ovasgr 95/547/EJ, epitq ˜epoum stgm CL ma diah ˜esei to pqoˇi ˜om tgr ejw ˜yqgsgr cia tg wqglatod ˜otgsg tou swed˜iou amadi ˜aqhqysgr jai le tom tq ˜opo aut ˜o ma sulb ˜akei, sto l ˜etqo tou dumato ˜u, stgm amadi ˜aqhqysg aut ˜g. Stg sucjejqil ˜emg peq˜iptysg oi sglamtij ˜er amtipaqo- w ˜er lpoqo ˜um ep˜isgr ma sulb ˜akoum stom peqioqisl ˜o tym emisw ˜useym sto apok ˜utyr apaqa˜itgto pos ˜o. G Epitqop ˜g cmyq˜ifei yst ˜oso jak ˜a ˜oti oi peqioqislo˜i tgr acoq ˜ar lpoqo ˜um se oqisl ˜emer peqipt ˜yseir ma jatast ˜gsoum dusweq ˜g tgm pk ˜gqg aniopo˜igsg tym ejwyqgh ˜emtym stoi- we˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr CL. Stom tqapefij ˜o tol ˜ea, o peqioqisl ˜or ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm veqeccu ˜otgta pou pqobk ˜epei g euqypaˇij ˜g molohes˜ia cia tom tqapefij ˜o tol ˜ea (o puq ˜gmar tym «sjkgq ˜ym» id˜iym jevaka˜iym ˜ewei jahoqiste˜i se 4 % touk ˜awistom tym stahli- sl ˜emym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u jai ta ˜idia jev ˜akaia le tgm euqe˜ia ˜emmoia tou ˜oqou pq ˜epei ma amtipqosype ˜uoum touk ˜awistom 8 %) apoteke˜i l˜ia upowq ˜eysg pou peqioq˜ifei tir dumat ˜otgter am ˜aptungr tym pistytij ˜ym idqul ˜atym. Stgm pqaclatij ˜otgta, aut ˜o to jqit ˜gqio jevakaiopo˜igsgr isw ˜uei heyqgtij ˜a cia j ˜ahe loqv ˜g epiwe˜iqgsgr, lesopq ˜ohe- sla jai lajqopq ˜ohesla. Stom tqapefij ˜o tol ˜ea e˜imai diaqj ˜gr, ˜alesg jai posotij ˜yr pqosdioq˜isilg, jai dem lpoqe˜i ma acmoghe˜i pqosyqim ˜a sto pka˜isio tgr stqatgci- j ˜gr am ˜aptungr pou ajokouhe˜i ˜ema pistytij ˜o ˜idqula. Ta pistytij ˜a idq ˜ulata pou dem amtapojq˜imomtai epaqj ˜yr sto peqih ˜yqia jqit ˜gqio am ˜aptungr, am dem e˜imai se h ˜esg ma pqosekj ˜usoum m ˜ea ˜idia jev ˜akaia ˜g ma aun ˜gsoum ta ˜idia jev ˜akai ˜a tour le tgm ep˜iteung sglamtijo ˜u j ˜eqdour. Aut ˜o sgla˜imei ˜oti g am ˜aptung liar tq ˜apefar «amawait˜ifetai» ˜alesa se peq˜i- ptysg pou dem e˜imai apodotij ˜g, em ˜y l˜ia tq ˜apefa pou pqac- latopoie˜i sglamtij ˜a j ˜eqdg diah ˜etei peqih ˜yqio am ˜aptungr am ˜akoco le tgm apodotij ˜otgt ˜a tgr. Aut ˜or o peqioqisl ˜or pou epib ˜akkei to jqit ˜gqio tgr veqeccu ˜otgtar stgm am ˜aptung tym idqul ˜atym pou paqousi ˜afoum walgk ˜er epid ˜o- seir, jahist ˜a pqovam ˜g tom sulpkgqylatij ˜o waqajt ˜gqa tgr pokitij ˜gr pqokgptij ˜gr epopte˜iar jai tgr pokitij ˜gr amtacy- veqeccu ˜otgtar diah ˜etoum dem (44) EE C 368 tgr 23. 12. 1994, s. 12. mislo ˜u. G Epitqop ˜g, jat ˜a tgm en ˜etasg tym amtipaqow ˜ym pou pqote˜imoum oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, ˜ekabe ep˜isgr up ˜oxg tgr tir desle ˜useir tgr jub ˜eqmgsgr ˜osom avoq ˜a tg diat ˜gqgsg em ˜or lgwamislo ˜u amawa˜itisgr tgr am ˜aptungr tgr tq ˜apefar o opo˜ior amtistahl˜ifei, yr ˜ema bahl ˜o, to stqebkytij ˜o apot ˜e- kesla tym emisw ˜useym (bk ˜epe tl ˜gla 10. 6 jatyt ˜eqy). To jqit ˜gqio veqeccu ˜otgtar va˜imetai ˜oti jahist ˜a dumat ˜g, stir peqipt ˜yseir woq ˜gcgsgr emisw ˜useym se pistytij ˜a idq ˜u- lata, tg heyqgtij ˜g jai pok ˜u emdeijtij ˜g ejt˜ilgsg tym stqe- bk ˜yseym tou amtacymislo ˜u. Am oi emisw ˜useir lpoqo ˜um ma enoloiyho ˜um le eisvoq ˜er jevaka˜iou, t ˜ote oi stqebk ˜yseir tou amtacymislo ˜u lpoqo ˜um ma ejtilgho ˜um b ˜asei tym stah- lisl ˜emym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u. L˜ia eisvoq ˜a jeva- ka˜iou ˜uxour 1 disejatolluq˜iou vq ˜acjym, ˜g opoiod ˜gpote l ˜etqo isodum ˜alou apotek ˜eslator, epitq ˜epei se l˜ia tq ˜apefa ma aun ˜gsei ta stahlisl ˜ema stoiwe˜ia tou emeqcgtijo ˜u stom isokocisl ˜o tgr (kalbamol ˜emou up ˜oxg tou jqitgq˜iou veqec- cu ˜otgtar pou jula˜imetai ap ˜o 4-8 %), jai sumep ˜yr ma epejte˜imei tir dqastgqi ˜otgt ˜er tgr. G pq ˜ang aut ˜g sumep ˜ace- tai dumgtij ˜g stq ˜ebkysg tou amtacymislo ˜u tgr t ˜angr tym 12,5 ˜eyr 25 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym (wyq˜ir tgm em k ˜ocy em˜iswusg g tq ˜apefa dem ha lpoqo ˜use ma aun ˜gsei ap ˜o 12,5 se 25 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja to pos ˜o tym stahlisl ˜emym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr). G sw ˜esg aut ˜g sgla˜imei ep˜isgr ˜oti am g em˜iswusg se ˜ema pistytij ˜o ˜idqula upeqbe˜i ta ˜idia jev ˜akai ˜a tou, g stq ˜ebkysg tou amtacymislo ˜u e˜imai lecak ˜uteqg ap ˜o to s ˜umoko tym stahlisl ˜emym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tou. Stgm peq˜iptysg aut ˜g, o q ˜okor tym amtipaqow ˜ym e˜imai ma peqioq˜isei tgm jat ˜a pqos ˜eccisg ejti- lghe˜isa stq ˜ebkysg tou amtacymislo ˜u. Stg sucjejqil ˜emg peq˜iptysg, g CL ˜ekabe emisw ˜useir sumo- kijo ˜u ˜uxour touk ˜awistom dipk ˜asiou ˜g tqipk ˜asiou tou poso ˜u tym tqew ˜omtym id˜iym jevaka˜iym tgr (44 disejatol- l ˜uqia vq ˜acja to 1997). Aut ˜o sgla˜imei ˜oti g heyqgtij ˜g stq ˜ebkysg tou amtacymislo ˜u, letqgl ˜emg le tgm emdeijtij ˜g l ˜ehodo pou amav ˜eqhgje pio p ˜amy jai b ˜asei tym stoiwe˜iym emeqcgtijo ˜u tou isokocislo ˜u, ˜gtam ˜isg le to s ˜umoko tym stahlisl ˜emym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr tq ˜apefar (dem lpoqe˜i ma upeqbe˜i to pos ˜o aut ˜o). Oi emisw ˜useir ep ˜etqexam koip ˜om ˜owi l ˜omo tgm epib˜iysg tgr CL, jai tgm apovuc ˜g tgr ejjah ˜aqis ˜gr tgr, akk ˜a jai tg diat ˜gqgsg em ˜or epip ˜edou dqastgqiot ˜gtym pou ha ˜epqepe, aj ˜olg jai am oi emisw ˜useir ˜gtam kic ˜oteqo cemmai ˜odyqer, ma e˜iwam leiyhe˜i sglamtij ˜a (pok ˜u peqiss ˜oteqo ap ˜o tir ˜gdg pqaclatopoighe˜iser lei ˜y- seir) pqojeil ˜emou ma pkgqe˜itai to jqit ˜gqio tgr veqeccu ˜o- tgtar. ˜Etsi ha ˜gtam ad ˜umatom cia tgm CL ma staheqopoi ˜g- sei ta leq˜idia acoq ˜ar stg Cakk˜ia, ˜opyr ˜ecime stg di ˜aqjeia tym d ˜uo tekeuta˜iym et ˜ym (bk ˜epe p˜imaja 5, tl ˜gla 3). G amawa˜itisg tgr ep ˜ejtasgr le tgm evaqloc ˜g tou jqitgq˜iou veqeccu ˜otgtar dem ap ˜eveqe to desleutij ˜o apot ˜ekesla pou ha ˜epqepe ma apov ˜eqei wyq˜ir to s ˜umoko, ˜g ˜esty ˜ema l ˜eqor, tym emisw ˜useym aut ˜ym. Sum ˜acetai koip ˜om to sulp ˜eqasla ˜oti oi c ˜akkoi jai euqy- pa˜ioi amtacymist ˜er tgr CL up ˜estgsam, dedol ˜emou tou ˜uxour tym emisw ˜useym, enaiqetij ˜a sobaq ˜g stq ˜ebkysg tou amtacymislo ˜u. Cia to joim ˜o sulv ˜eqom, jai pqojeil ˜emou ma jataste˜i dumat ˜g g ˜ecjqisg tym emisw ˜useym, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er ha pq ˜epei ma pqote˜imoum idia˜iteqa sglamtij ˜er amti- paqow ˜er, oi opo˜ier ha apofgli ˜ymoum epaqj ˜yr tour amtacy- mist ˜er cia tir stqebk ˜yseir pou up ˜estgsam k ˜ocy tgr ˜aqmg- sgr tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym ma av ˜gsoum eke ˜uheqour tour lgwamislo ˜ur tgr acoq ˜ar. 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/73 b) Amtipaqow˜er stgm Euq˜ypg jai stom up˜okoipo j˜oslo Yr amtist ˜ahlisla tou swed˜iou emisw ˜useym tou 1995 jai em ˜or (jahaqo ˜u) ecjqih ˜emtor poso ˜u emisw ˜useym ˜uxour 45 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er e˜iwam amak ˜a- bei desle ˜useir cia sglamtij ˜er amtipaqow ˜er. ˜Opyr amav ˜eq- hgje pqogcoul ˜emyr (paq ˜abake tl ˜gla 4), se epistok ˜g tgr 18gr Iouk˜iou 1995 pou ap ˜esteike stgm Epitqop ˜g, o j. Made- lin, upouqc ˜or Ehmij ˜gr Oijomol˜iar jai Oijomolij ˜ym, e˜iwe amak ˜abei tg d ˜esleusg ma lei ˜ysei g CL tgm elpoqij ˜g paqous˜ia tgr ejt ˜or tgr Cakk˜iar jat ˜a 35 % ˜osom avoq ˜a tom isokocisl ˜o, posost ˜o pou amtipqosype ˜uei 50 % peq˜ipou tym peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym tgr Tq ˜apefar stgm Euq ˜ypg ejt ˜or Cakk˜iar. G le˜iysg aut ˜g avoq ˜a diehm ˜g stoiwe˜ia tou emeqcg- tijo ˜u ta opo˜ia ejtil ˜ghgjam sumokij ˜a se 959 disejatoll ˜u- qia vq ˜acja stir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1994, dgkad ˜g le˜iysg tym stoiwe˜iym emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr t ˜angr tym 335 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym stom up ˜okoipo j ˜oslo, ej tym opo˜iym 310 diseja- toll ˜uqia stgm Euq ˜ypg. G CL e˜iwe jamomij ˜a stg di ˜ahes ˜g tgr peq˜iodo pou epejteim ˜otam l ˜ewqi tir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1998 pqojeil ˜emou ma pqobe˜i stir ejwyq ˜gseir stoiwe˜iym tou emeq- cgtijo ˜u cia ma ejpkgq ˜ysei tgm upowq ˜eysg aut ˜g. Jat ˜a to t ˜ekor Ojtybq˜iou 1997, g CL e˜iwe ejwyq ˜gsei diehm ˜g stoiwe˜ia tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr an˜iar 171 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym, ej tym opo˜iym 136 disejatoll ˜uqia stgm Euq ˜ypg, dgkad ˜g peq˜ipou to ˜glisu tym upowqe ˜yseym pou e˜iwe amak ˜abei, oi opo˜ier amtipqos ˜ypeuam 17,9 % tym diehm ˜ym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tou ol˜ikou stir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1994. Cia ma sulloqvyhe˜i le tgm ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ, g CL ˜epqepe ma ejwyq ˜gsei aj ˜olg stoiwe˜ia tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr ˜uxour 174 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym stgm Euq ˜ypg pqim tir 31 Dejel- bq˜iou 1998. G Epitqop ˜g episgla˜imei ˜oti oi desle ˜useir tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym swetij ˜a le tir amtipaqow ˜er pou ha lpoqo ˜usam ma pqosv ˜eqoum, ˜osom avoq ˜a tir sulpkgqylatij ˜er emisw ˜useir se sw ˜esg le to pos ˜o tym emisw ˜useym pou em ˜ejqime g Epi- tqop ˜g to 1995 ˜gtam, sto sw ˜edio pou upebk ˜ghg tom Io ˜ukio tou 1997, idia˜iteqa amepaqje˜ir. Oi desle ˜useir aut ˜er avo- qo ˜usam tgm ejw ˜yqgsg tym «hucatqij ˜ym tgr tq ˜apefar pou amapt ˜ussoum juq˜iyr dqastgqi ˜otgter stom tol ˜ea tym kiami- j ˜ym tqapefij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym ejt ˜or tgr Cakk˜iar». Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, sto sw ˜edio tou Iouk˜iou tou 1997, e˜iwam ejvq ˜asei tgm epihul˜ia ma evaqloste˜i ekastij ˜oteqo wqomodi ˜acqalla ap’ aut ˜o pou pqo ˜ebkepe g ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ, s ˜ulvyma le tgm opo˜ia ˜oker oi ejwyq ˜gseir diehm ˜ym stoiwe˜iym tou emeq- cgtijo ˜u cia tgm amtist ˜ahlisg tgr em˜iswusgr ˜epqepe ma oko- jkgqyho ˜um pqim tgm 31g Dejelbq˜iou 1998. Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er e˜iwam pqote˜imei tom Io ˜ukio 1997 tgm paq ˜atasg tgr pqohesl˜iar aut ˜gr l ˜ewqi to ˜etor 2000 jai tg dienacyc ˜g tym apaito ˜ulemym stqatgcij ˜ym apoepemd ˜useym jah ˜okg tg di ˜aqjeia tou swed˜iou. G Epitqop ˜g, ˜opyr am ˜eveqe stir cak- kij ˜er aqw ˜er stgm epistok ˜g pou ap ˜esteike stir 2 Apqik˜iou 1998 o ep˜itqopor Van Miert stom j. Strauss-Kahn, upouqc ˜o jai Biolgwam˜iar, Ehmij ˜gr Oijomol˜iar, Oijomolij ˜ym piste ˜uei ˜oqoi pou pqobk ˜epomtai stgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr 95/547/EJ pq ˜epei ma tgqgho ˜um jai ˜oti ˜oka ta amtistahli- stij ˜a l ˜etqa pou pqobk ˜evhgjam to 1995 pq ˜epei ma ˜ewoum kgvhe˜i emt ˜or tgr pqobkep ˜olemgr pqohesl˜iar, le tour ˜oqour pou pqobk ˜epei g ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ. ˜oti oi Epipk ˜eom, s ˜ulvyma le ta stoiwe˜ia pou up ˜ebake g CL, sto s ˜umoko tou isokocislo ˜u stir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1994, b ˜asg pou ep ˜ekene g Epitqop ˜g cia tom upokocisl ˜o tym amtipaqo- w ˜ym sto sw ˜edio tou 1995, oi dqastgqi ˜otgter stom tol ˜ea tym tqapefij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym ejt ˜or Cakk˜iar stgm Euq ˜ypg amti- pqos ˜ypeuam stoiwe˜ia emeqcgtijo ˜u an˜iar 438 disejatollu- q˜iym vq ˜acjym, dgk. peq˜ipou 45 % tym diehm ˜ym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr tq ˜apefar jai 70 % tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym tgr CL stgm Euq ˜ypg ejt ˜or tgr Cakk˜iar (b ˜asei tou isokoci- slo ˜u tgr 31gr Dejelbq˜iou 1994). Yst ˜oso, oi desle ˜useir pou e˜iwam amak ˜abei oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er to 1995 ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm ejw ˜yqgsg stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u avoqo ˜usam ˜gdg 35 % tym diehm ˜ym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr tq ˜apefar, dgkad ˜g 335 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja, to lecak ˜uteqo l ˜eqor tym opo˜iym ˜epqepe ma c˜imei le tg loqv ˜g ejwyq ˜gseym stom tol ˜ea tym kiamij ˜ym tqapefij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym stgm Euq ˜ypg. Oi m ˜eer amtipaqow ˜er tir opo˜ier pq ˜oteimam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er tom Io ˜ukio tou 1997 paqous˜iafam lia a ˜ungsg tgr t ˜angr tou 30 % l ˜omo se sw ˜esg le tir amtipaqow ˜er tou 1997, dgkad ˜g diavoq ˜a peq˜ipou 100 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym letan ˜u tou pqogco ˜ulemou epip ˜edou ejw ˜yqgsgr stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgti- jo ˜u (335 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja) jai tou m ˜eou, ˜opyr lpo- qo ˜use ejtil ˜ghgje b ˜asei tou swed˜iou tou Iouk˜iou 1997 (dgkad ˜g ejwyq ˜gseir sumokijo ˜u ˜uxour 438 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym), em ˜y to s ˜umoko tym emisw ˜useym stgm CL ˜gtam, sto pka˜isio tgr pqoamaveqhe˜isar up ˜ohesgr, touk ˜awistom tqipk ˜asio ap ˜o to pos ˜o pou e˜iwe ecjqihe˜i to 1995. Epipk ˜eom, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er e˜iwam av ˜gsei ma pkam ˜atai lia abebai ˜o- tgta ˜osom avoq ˜a tir «hucatqij ˜er pou amapt ˜ussoum juq˜iyr dqastgqi ˜otgter stom tol ˜ea tym kiamij ˜ym tqapefij ˜ym eqca- si ˜ym ejt ˜or Cakk˜iar»: pio sucjejqil ˜ema, dem ˜gtam jah ˜okou sav ˜er am, jat ˜a tgm ˜apoxg tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym, g d ˜esleu- sg aut ˜g avoqo ˜use tgm CL Belgium, g opo˜ia apoteko ˜use sto t ˜ekor tou 1997, enaiqoul ˜emgr tgr BfG, tgm juqi ˜oteqg huca- tqij ˜g tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais stgm Euq ˜ypg, le s ˜umoko stoiwe˜i- ym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u pou pkgs˜iafe ta 70 disejatoll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja. Am aut ˜o dem ˜iswue, oi m ˜eer amtipaqow ˜er ˜gtam swed ˜om am ˜upaqjter, jai peqioq˜ifomtam se stoiwe˜ia emeqcgtijo ˜u an˜iar leqij ˜ym dej ˜adym disejatolluq˜iym stom tol ˜ea tym kiamij ˜ym tqapefij ˜ym eqcasi ˜ym stgm Euq ˜ypg. Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er am ˜eveqam sto sw ˜edio tou Iouk˜iou 1997 ˜oti up ˜gqwe to emdew ˜olemo akkac ˜gr tgr gleqolgm˜iar ejw ˜y- qgsgr tgr BfG, g opo˜ia apoteko ˜use tgm juqi ˜oteqg amtipa- qow ˜g jai amtipqosype ˜uei, aveaut ˜gr, stoiwe˜ia tou emeqcgti- jo ˜u an˜iar peq˜ipou 220 disejatolluq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜a- cjym (45). Ha pq ˜epei ma upemhul˜isoule ˜oti g CL jat ˜ewei to 50 % (sum lia letow ˜g) tgr BfG. Oi up ˜okoipoi l ˜etowoi tgr tq ˜apefar e˜imai g Aachener & M(cid:129)nchener (de ˜uteqor se l ˜ece- hor ceqlamij ˜or ˜olikor asvak˜iseym) le 25 % tou jevaka˜iou (sum lia letow ˜g) jai 25 % tou jevaka˜iou (le˜iom d ˜uo leto- w ˜er) liar etaiqe˜iar paqow ˜gr wqglatopistytij ˜ym upgqesi ˜ym pou jat ˜ewoum sumdijakistij ˜er oqcam ˜yseir. Jat ˜a tgm ap ˜o- jtgsg pkeioxgvij ˜gr sulletow ˜gr stgm BfG, g CL woq ˜gcgse stour up ˜okoipour let ˜owour dija˜iyla pqoa˜iqesgr cia tgm p ˜ykgsg tgr sulletow ˜gr tour se pqojahoqisl ˜emg til ˜g, to opo˜io lpoqo ˜use ma asjghe˜i l ˜ewqi to t ˜ekor tou 1999, jah ˜yr jai tgm ecc ˜ugsg jatabok ˜gr em ˜or ek ˜awistou poso ˜u leqisl ˜a- tym. G apodotij ˜otgta tgr BfG e˜imai walgk ˜g jai ta l ˜etqa amadi ˜aqhqysgr pou ek ˜gvhgsam sto t ˜ekor tou 1997 let ˜a tgm amtijat ˜astasg tym dieuhumt ˜ym tgr e˜iwam yr basij ˜o st ˜owo tg diat ˜gqgsg tym peqihyq˜iym tgr paq ˜a tgm pqobke- p ˜olemg le˜iysg tou jahaqo ˜u pqoˇi ˜omtor ap ˜o tqapefij ˜er eqcas˜ier. Kalbamol ˜emgr up ˜oxg tgr a ˜ungsgr tym jeqd ˜ym tgr hucatqij ˜gr to 1997, va˜imetai ˜oti ta l ˜etqa aut ˜a ˜ewoum aqw˜isei ma apov ˜eqoum ta pq ˜yta apotek ˜eslata. G BfG amti- pqosype ˜uei peq˜ipou 35 % tym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais stgm Euq ˜ypg ejt ˜or Cakk˜iar (jat ˜astasg sta t ˜ekg tou 1994) jai sumep ˜yr g ejw ˜yqgs ˜g tgr ha lpoqo ˜u- se ma apotek ˜esei amtipaqow ˜g idia˜iteqa sglamtij ˜g cia tg le˜iysg tou lec ˜ehour tou ol˜ikou. Yst ˜oso, kalbamol ˜emgr up ˜oxg tgr abebai ˜otgtar aut ˜gr, dem ˜gtam s˜icouqo ˜oti jat ˜a tgm okojk ˜gqysg tou swed˜iou, tom Dej ˜elbqio tou ˜etour ˜oka ta amtistahlistij ˜a l ˜etqa cia 2000, ha e˜iwam kgvhe˜i tir emisw ˜useir tym swed˜iym tou 1995 jai tou 1997. (45) Ta opo˜ia ejvq ˜afomtai, ˜opyr jai oi up ˜okoiper amtipaqow ˜er, b ˜a- sei tou isokocislo ˜u tgr CL stir 31. 12. 1994. L 221/74 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 Kalbamol ˜emgr up ˜oxg tgr sglamtij ˜gr a ˜ungsgr tym emisw ˜u- seym, g Epitqop ˜g dem lpoqo ˜use se jal˜ia peq˜iptysg ma ecjq˜imei to sw ˜edio pou upebk ˜ghg tom Io ˜ukio 1997 b ˜asei em ˜or t ˜oso ekastijo ˜u wqomodiacq ˜allator jai liar t ˜oso peqioqisl ˜emgr a ˜ungsgr tym amtipaqow ˜ym. G Epitqop ˜g en ˜etase jai ˜akka jqit ˜gqia b ˜asei tym opo˜iym ha lpoqo ˜use ma jahoq˜isei tir amtipaqow ˜er pou fgto ˜umtai ap ˜o tgm CL sto pka˜isio tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr, akk ˜a sum ˜gcace to sulp ˜eqasla ˜oti oi ejwyq ˜gseir stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u ˜opyr oi hucatqij ˜er ˜g ta upojatast ˜glata, ˜g isod ˜umala l ˜etqa cia tgm pa ˜usg dqastgqiot ˜gtym, ta opo˜ia sumep ˜acomtai le˜iysg tgr an˜iar tou isokocislo ˜u tgr tq ˜ape- far jai odgco ˜um se le˜iysg tgr elpoqij ˜gr paqous˜iar tgr, ˜opyr ˜akkyste jai to 1995, to pk ˜eom ani ˜opisto apoteko ˜um, jqit ˜gqio cia tom jahoqisl ˜o tgr v ˜usgr jai tou epip ˜edou tym juqiot ˜eqym amtipaqow ˜ym pou pq ˜epei ma apaitgho ˜um. tqapefij ˜er G Epitqop ˜g piste ˜uei ˜oti, cia to joim ˜o sulv ˜eqom, oi juqi ˜o- teqer amtipaqow ˜er sto pka˜isio tou swed˜iou emisw ˜useym stgm CL pq ˜epei ma avoqo ˜um tgm Euq ˜ypg, e˜ite pq ˜ojeitai cia tir womdqij ˜er tqapefij ˜er eqcas˜ier e˜ite pq ˜ojeitai cia tir kiamij ˜er eqcas˜ier, di ˜oti l ˜esy aut ˜ym tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym g CL asje˜i amtacymisl ˜o, le tom pk ˜eom ˜aleso tq ˜opo stir up ˜okoiper tq ˜apefer tgr Joim ˜otgtar, sulpeqikalbamol ˜emym tym upoko˜ipym cakkij ˜ym tqapef ˜ym pou epihulo ˜um ma epejte˜imoum tir dqastgqi ˜otgt ˜er tour stgm Euq ˜ypg. Le tir hucatqij ˜er tgr jai ta upojatast ˜glat ˜a tgr stgm Euq ˜ypg g tq ˜apefa pqaclatopoie˜i to lecak ˜uteqo l ˜eqor tym jevakaiouwij ˜ym sumakkac ˜ym emt ˜or tgr Joim ˜o- tgtar. Ha pq ˜epei ma upemhul˜isoule ˜oti jat ˜a tgm peq˜iodo tawe˜iar am ˜aptungr tgr CL sto t ˜ekor tgr dejaet˜iar tou 1980 jai stir aqw ˜er tgr dejaet˜iar tou 1990, g stqatgcij ˜g am ˜aptungr tgr CL avoqo ˜use to diehm ˜er tgr d˜ijtuo jai id˜iyr to d˜ijtuo pou dglio ˜uqcgse stgm Euq ˜ypg. Va˜imetai koip ˜om ˜oti to euqypaˇij ˜o d˜ijtuo tgr tq ˜apefar diadqalat˜ifei sgla- mtij ˜o q ˜oko stg stq ˜ebkysg tym sumakkac ˜ym pou pqoja- ko ˜um oi emisw ˜useir. Kalbamol ˜emou up ˜oxg tou enaiqetij ˜a uxgko ˜u poso ˜u tym emisw ˜useym, g Epitqop ˜g piste ˜uei ˜oti g CL pq ˜epei ma ejwy- q ˜gsei to s ˜umoko tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym tgr stgm Euq ˜ypg (ejt ˜or Cakk˜iar), dgkad ˜g 620 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja (b ˜asei tou isokocislo ˜u tgr tq ˜apefar tgr 31gr Dejelbq˜iou 1994, gleqolgm˜ia amavoq ˜ar). Kalbamol ˜emym up ˜oxg tym amtipa- qow ˜ym ˜uxour 310 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym stgm Euq ˜ypg sto pka˜isio tgr ap ˜ovasgr 95/547/EJ (dgkad ˜g 50 % tym euqypaˇij ˜ym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr tq ˜apefar), aut ˜o sgla˜imei ˜oti g CL ejwyqe˜i pq ˜osheta stoiwe˜ia tou emeqcgti- jo ˜u tgr ˜uxour 310 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym stgm Euq ˜ypg (ta opo˜ia ˜ewoum jahoqiste˜i, ˜opyr jai oi amtipaqow ˜er sto pka˜isio tgr ap ˜ovasgr 95/547/EJ, b ˜asei tou isokocislo ˜u tgr tq ˜apefar tgm 31g Dejelbq˜iou 1994). Am jai paqad ˜e- wetai ˜oti, ap ˜o aut ˜a ta stoiwe˜ia tou emeqcgtijo ˜u ˜uxour 310 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym, stoiwe˜ia tou emeqcgtijo ˜u ˜uxour 80 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym peq˜ipou lpoqo ˜um ma bq˜isjomtai ejt ˜or Euq ˜ypgr, cia paq ˜adeicla stg B ˜oqeio Aleqij ˜g ˜g tgm As˜ia, o Ep˜itqopor Van Miert d ˜gkyse stom j. Strauss-Jahn, Upouqc ˜o Ehmij ˜gr Oijomol˜iar jai Oijomo- lij ˜ym, se epistok ˜g pou tou ap ˜esteike stir 2 Apqik˜iou, ˜oti oi amtipaqow ˜er aut ˜er e˜imai apok ˜utyr amacja˜ier cia ma jgquwho ˜um oi emisw ˜useir stgm CL sulbib ˜asiler le tg sumh ˜gjg. Jat ˜a tom upokocisl ˜o tym apaitoul ˜emym amtipaqow ˜ym le tg loqv ˜g ejw ˜yqgsgr diehm ˜ym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u, g ˜ema pos ˜o walgk ˜oteqo ap’ aut ˜o pou ha Epitqop ˜g ˜evhase s’ e˜iwe pqoj ˜uxei am e˜iwe evaqloste˜i ˜ema ap ˜o ta aj ˜okouha l ˜etqa s ˜ucjqisgr: — austgq ˜g amakoc˜ia le to pos ˜o tym amtipaqow ˜ym pou e˜iwam apaitghe˜i to 1995, to opo˜io, b ˜asei tgr uxgk ˜oteqgr ejt˜ilgsgr tgr an˜iar tgr em˜iswusgr, ha e˜iwe odgc ˜gsei stgm apa˜itgsg lecak ˜uteqym amtipaqow ˜ym· — emdeijtij ˜g ejt˜ilgsg tgr heyqgtij ˜gr stq ˜ebkysgr tou amtacymislo ˜u le b ˜asg to jqit ˜gqio tou sumtekest ˜g veqeccu ˜otgtar tgr tq ˜apefar, s ˜ulvyma le to opo˜io, am to pos ˜o tgr em˜iswusgr upeqba˜imei to pos ˜o tym id˜iym jevaka˜iym tgr tq ˜apefar, g stq ˜ebkysg tou amtacymi- slo ˜u amtipqosype ˜uei pos ˜o lecak ˜uteqo ap ˜o to s ˜umoko tou isokocislo ˜u tgr tq ˜apefar. G Epitqop ˜g heyqe˜i ˜oti to ep˜ipedo tym amtipaqow ˜ym pou amav ˜eqetai pio p ˜amy e˜imai to ek ˜awisto pou lpoqe˜i ma fgtghe˜i, jai sumep ˜yr asulp˜iesto, cia ma lpoq ˜esei ma jgq ˜u- nei tir emisw ˜useir sulbib ˜asiler le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a. G Epitqop ˜g tom˜ifei ˜oti to ep˜ipedo tym amtipaqow ˜ym e˜imai yst ˜oso sglamtij ˜o jai ˜oti epitq ˜epei lia idia˜iteqa aishgt ˜g le˜iysg tym stqebk ˜yseym tou amtacymislo ˜u. Amtistahlistij ˜a l ˜etqa: ejw ˜yqgsg ˜g pa ˜usg dqastgqiot ˜gtym diehm ˜ym stoiwe˜iym tom emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr tq ˜apefar P˜imajar 19 Amtistahlistij ˜a l ˜etqa Pos ˜o stom isokocisl ˜o tgr 31. 12. 1997 (se disejatoll ˜uqia cakkij ˜a vq ˜acja) 1. Amtistahlistij ˜a l ˜etqa stgm Euq ˜ypg 1995 Pou ˜ewoum kgvhe˜i (t ˜ekor 1997): Woodchester Credito Bergamasco (+CLIAM Italie) Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais Gr(cid:138)ce CL Bank Sverige BPI Iberagentes CL Bank Nederland Bankhaus W(cid:148)lbern Pou ha pq ˜epei ma kgvho ˜um aj ˜olg stgm Euq ˜ypg sto pka˜isio tgr ap ˜ova- sgr tou 1995 2. M ˜ea fgto ˜ulema amtistahlistij ˜a l ˜etqa (1) 310 136,1 15,9 41,0 n. o. 0,5 0,6 0,1 76,6 1,5 173,9 310 (1) Ej tym opo˜iym 12,4 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja stg Katimij ˜g Aleqij ˜g· oi up ˜okoiper ejwyq ˜gseir stgm peqiow ˜g aut ˜g avoqo ˜um tgm ap ˜ovasg tou 1995. 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/75 G Epitqop ˜g episgla˜imei ep˜isgr ˜oti dem lpoqe˜i ma dewhe˜i tg h ˜esg tgr Soci(cid:130)t(cid:130) G(cid:130)n(cid:130)rale (paq ˜abake tl ˜gla 5. 1 amyt ˜eqy) g opo˜ia pqote˜imei ma epibkghe˜i stir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er g ejw ˜y- qgsg ˜okym tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym tgr CL stgm akkodap ˜g ˜ema l ˜eqor tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym tgr jai tou jah ˜yr jai dijt ˜uou tgr stg Cakk˜ia. G k ˜usg aut ˜g dem sulbib ˜afetai le tg biysil ˜otgta tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr let ˜a tgm evaqloc ˜g tou swed˜iou amadi ˜aqhqysgr. H Epitqop ˜g piste ˜uei ˜oti oi diapi- styhe˜iser stqebk ˜yseir tou amtacymislo ˜u lpoqo ˜um ma leiyho ˜um aishgt ˜a le tir amtipaqow ˜er, to pos ˜o tym opo˜iym ˜ewei jahoq˜isei g ˜idia, wyq˜ir ma e˜imai apaqa˜itgtg g pqosvuc ˜g stgm ajqa˜ia aut ˜g k ˜usg. Let ˜a tir sumamt ˜gseir pou dien ˜gwhgsam stir aqw ˜er Lai¨ou 1998 letan ˜u tgr Epitqop ˜gr jai tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym, o Upouqc ˜or j. Strauss-Jahn ap ˜esteike stir 3 jai 13 Lai¨ou 1998 d ˜uo epistok ˜er stom Ep˜itqopo Van Miert stir opo˜ier sumox˜ifomtai oi m ˜eer pqosvoq ˜er ˜osom avoq ˜a tir amtipaqo- w ˜er pou g Cakk˜ia pqote˜imei sto pka˜isio tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr. Oi amtipaqow ˜er aut ˜er avoqo ˜um tgm Euq ˜ypg jai tom up ˜okoipo j ˜oslo, le tgm loqv ˜g tgr ejw ˜yqgsgr ˜g tgr pa ˜usgr tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym hucatqij ˜ym ˜g upojatastg- l ˜atym: — stgm Euq ˜ypg, g pa ˜usg tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym jai oi ejwyq ˜gseir avoqo ˜um 556 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja, ej tym opo˜iym 529 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja ejt ˜or Cakk˜iar jai 27 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja stg Cakk˜ia (ejt ˜or tou dijt ˜uou upojatastgl ˜atym)· — stom up ˜okoipo j ˜oslo, g pa ˜usg tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym ˜g oi ejwyq ˜gseir avoqo ˜um stoiwe˜ia tou emeqcgtijo ˜u g an˜ia tym opo˜iym upokoc˜ifetai se 64 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja. Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er paqous˜iasam tom elpisteutij ˜o jat ˜akoco tym desle ˜useym pou amakalb ˜amoum se epistok ˜g pou ap ˜esteikam stom Ep˜itqopo Van Miert stir 13 Lai¨ou 1998. To lecak ˜uteqo l ˜eqor tym ejwyq ˜gseym pou sumd ˜eomtai le tir sulpkgqylatij ˜er emisw ˜useir pq ˜epei ma okojkgqyho ˜um pqim ap ˜o tgm idiytijopo˜igsg tgr tq ˜apefar, dgkad ˜g pqim ap ˜o tgm 1g Ojtybq˜iou 1999. Cia k ˜ocour sumhgj ˜ym acoq ˜ar, epaqj ˜yr aitiokocgl ˜emour jai tour opo˜iour ˜ewei dewhe˜i g Epitqop ˜g, oi ejwyq ˜gseir pou dem ha ˜ewoum pqaclatopoig- he˜i pqim ap ˜o tgm idiytijopo˜igsg, ha pq ˜epei ma okojkgqy- ho ˜um to aqc ˜oteqo tom Ojt ˜ybqio tou ˜etour 2000. ˜oti g pa ˜usg tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym G Epitqop ˜g episgla˜imei upojatastgl ˜atym ˜g hucatqij ˜ym odgce˜i, ˜opyr jai g ejw ˜y- qgsg stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u, se le˜iysg tgr elpoqij ˜gr paqous˜iar jai lpoqe˜i ma kgvhe˜i up ˜oxg yr amtipaqow ˜g. Sumokij ˜a, g tq ˜apefa ha sulloqvyhe˜i le tom tq ˜opo aut ˜o le tgm apa˜itgsg tgr Epitqop ˜gr cia tgm ejw ˜yqgsg ˜g tgm pa ˜usg dqastgqiot ˜gtym ˜uxour 620 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym (645 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja am pqosteho ˜um s’ aut ˜a ta 25 dise- jatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja tym amtipaqow ˜ym cia tom up ˜okoipo j ˜oslo pou pqobk ˜evhgjam to 1995). Oi amtipaqow ˜er aut ˜er, pqostih ˜elemer stir amtipaqow ˜er tgr ap ˜ovasgr 95/547/EJ, amtipqosype ˜uoum le˜iysg pou upeqba˜imei to ˜ema tq˜ito tou isokocislo ˜u tgr CL, ˜opyr e˜iwe aniokocghe˜i tgm 31 Dejel- bq˜iou 1994. Oi pqobkep ˜olemer ejwyq ˜gseir jai pa ˜usg tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym ha ekeuheq ˜ysoum leq˜idia acoq ˜ar pou ha lpoq ˜esoum ma amajt ˜gsoum oi amtacymist ˜er tgr CL. S ˜ulvyma le to joim ˜o sulv ˜eqom, ap ˜o to s ˜umoko tym amtipa- qow ˜ym pou pqobk ˜evhgjam to 1995 jai to 1998 le tg loqv ˜g aut ˜g, 86 % tym desle ˜useym pou ˜ewei amak ˜abei g jub ˜eqmgsg avoqo ˜um tgm Euq ˜ypg, ej tym opo˜iym to 82 % tgm Euq ˜ypg ejt ˜or Cakk˜iar. B ˜asei ˜okym aut ˜ym, jai le tgm epiv ˜ukang ˜akkym stoiwe˜iym pou ha pq ˜epei ma kgvho ˜um up ˜oxg sto pka˜isio tgr paqo ˜u- sar ap ˜ovasgr, g Epitqop ˜g piste ˜uei ˜oti le tir amtipaqow ˜er pou pqote˜imoum oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er lpoqo ˜um ma leiyho ˜um se pok ˜u lec ˜ako bahl ˜o oi stqebk ˜yseir tou amtacymislo ˜u pou pqoj ˜akesam oi emisw ˜useir. c) Sulpkgqylatij˜a amtistahl˜islata ˜osom avoq˜a to d˜ijtuo upojatastgl˜atym stg Cakk˜ia Am kgvhe˜i up ˜oxg g epam ˜akgxg tgr woq ˜gcgsgr em˜iswusgr jah ˜yr jai to pos ˜o tym sulpkgqylatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym, pou emd ˜ewetai ma e˜imai pok ˜u uxgk ˜oteqo ap ˜o to pos ˜o pou ecjq˜i- hgje to 1995, g tq ˜apefa ha pq ˜epei ma jatab ˜akkei sulpkg- qylatij ˜g pqosp ˜aheia sto d˜ijtuo Cakk˜iar ˜yste ma apekeu- heqyho ˜um leq˜idia acoq ˜ar cia tour amtacymist ˜er tgr CL stg Cakk˜ia, oi opo˜ioi pk ˜gttomtai idia˜iteqa ap ˜o tir stqe- bk ˜yseir tou amtacymislo ˜u pou pqojako ˜um oi emisw ˜useir. To sw ˜edio pou upobk ˜ghgje tom Io ˜ukio tou 1997 sumepa- c ˜otam, b ˜asei tym stoiwe˜iym pou up ˜ebake g CL stgm tq ˜apefa-s ˜ulbouko tgr Epitqop ˜gr, le˜iysg tou aqihlo ˜u tym sgle˜iym p ˜ykgsgr stg Cakk˜ia se 2146 l ˜ewqi to 2000 (peqi- kalbamol ˜emym ˜okym tym t ˜upym upojatastgl ˜atym: sgle˜ia p ˜ykgsgr pqor idi ˜yter, pqor epacceklat˜ier jai pqor epiwei- q ˜gseir), dgkad ˜g le˜iysg jat ˜a 6,6 % se sw ˜esg le tom aqihl ˜o tym sgle˜iym p ˜ykgsgr to 1996. Se epistok ˜g tgr 2ar Apqi- k˜iou pqor tom j. Strauss-Kahn, o Ep˜itqopor j. Van Miert f ˜gtgse ap ˜o tgm CL ma jatab ˜akkei pq ˜osheter pqosp ˜aheier lei ˜ymomtar tom aqihl ˜o sgle˜iym p ˜ykgsgr stg Cakk˜ia se 1850 l ˜ewqi to 2000, aqihl ˜o tom opo˜io g tq ˜apefa-s ˜ulboukor tgr Epitqop ˜gr ˜ejqime sulbib ˜asilo le tir apait ˜gseir biysi- l ˜otgtar tgr tq ˜apefar. G sulpkgqylatij ˜g a ˜ungsg jat ˜a 300 ˜ema sglamtij ˜o peq˜ipou sgle˜ia p ˜ykgsgr amtipqosype ˜uei amtist ˜ahlisla cia tour amtacymist ˜er tgr CL, jai sumep ˜a- cetai sumokij ˜g le˜iysg tou dijt ˜uou tgr stg Cakk˜ia jat ˜a 20 % se sw ˜esg le to 1996. G Epitqop ˜g sglei ˜ymei ta sw ˜okia tgr Soci(cid:130)t(cid:130) G(cid:130)n(cid:130)rale sto pka˜isio tgr paqo ˜usar diadijas˜iar (sgle˜io 5. 1), b ˜asei tym opo˜iym oqisl ˜ema ap ˜o ta l ˜etqa pou epitq ˜epoum tgm a ˜ungsg tgr apodotij ˜otgtar tgr CL jai tg bekt˜iysg tgr amtacymi- stij ˜gr tgr h ˜esgr dem d ˜umamtai ma kgvho ˜um up ˜oxg yr amti- stahl˜islata cia tir stqebkytij ˜er epipt ˜yseir tym emisw ˜u- seym. Upocqall˜ifei ˜oti ta sulpkgqylatij ˜a amtistahl˜i- slata pou fgto ˜umtai ap ˜o tgm CL, id˜iyr ˜osom avoq ˜a to cakkij ˜o d˜ijtuo upojatastgl ˜atym, akk ˜a jai ˜osom avoq ˜a tir diehme˜ir tgr dqastgqi ˜otgter upeqba˜imoum jat ˜a pok ˜u ta l ˜etqa amadi ˜aqhqysgr pou pqo ˜ebkepe g ˜idia g CL sto sw ˜edio tou 1997. Se epistok ˜g tgr 3gr Lai¨ou 1998 pqor tom j. Van Miert, o j. Strauss-Jahn am ˜ekabe tg d ˜esleusg ma lei ˜ysei se 1850 tom aqihl ˜o tym upojatastgl ˜atym stg Cakk˜ia, ˜opyr e˜iwe fgt ˜g- sei g Epitqop ˜g. G Epitqop ˜g heyqe˜i stg b ˜asg aut ˜g ˜oti ta amtistahl˜islata sto w ˜yqo tgr Cakk˜iar (p ˜eqam tym 27 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym up ˜o loqv ˜g ejwyq ˜gseym) ha pq ˜epei ma jak ˜uptoum ˜oker tir jatgcoq˜ier upojatastgl ˜atym tou ol˜ikou stg Cakk˜ia (idiyt ˜ym, epacceklati ˜ym jai epiweiq ˜gseym). Sumi- sto ˜um idia˜iteqa sglamtij ˜g pqosp ˜aheia ap ˜o ˜apoxg le˜iysgr tgr elpoqij ˜gr paqous˜iar tgr CL, ap ˜o tgm opo˜ia ha epyve- kgho ˜um t ˜oso oi C ˜akkoi ˜oso jai oi Euqypa˜ioi amtacymist ˜er tgr CL cia ma amapt ˜unoum tir dij ˜er tour dqastgqi ˜otgter stg cakkij ˜g acoq ˜a. Ta upojatast ˜glata ha pq ˜epei ma jke˜i- soum to aqc ˜oteqo pqo tgr 31gr Dejelbq˜iou 2000. L 221/76 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 10. 6 Lgwamisl ˜or amawa˜itisgr tgr tq ˜apefar G Epitqop ˜g upocqall˜ifei ˜oti g q ˜gtqa epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg pou h ˜espisam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er to 1995 amawai- t˜ifei jat ˜a j ˜apoio tq ˜opo tgm am ˜aptung tgr CL w ˜aqg stgm ava˜ilang tym apotekesl ˜atym tgr jai jat ˜a sum ˜epeia tym id˜iym jevaka˜iym tgr jah ˜yr jai w ˜aqg stom peqioqisl ˜o veqeccu ˜otgtar pou upocqall˜istgje paqap ˜amy. Sto sw ˜edio pou upobk ˜ghgje tom Io ˜ukio tou 1997, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er ˜oti pqocqallat˜ifoum tgm amal ˜oqvysg tgr amav ˜eqoum ˜olyr, ma pqos- q ˜gtqar epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg wyq˜ir, dioq˜isoum tom tq ˜opo. Stgm epistok ˜g pou ˜esteikam stir 31 Laqt˜iou 1998, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er pqote˜imoum tgm enacoq ˜a tgr q ˜gtqar ap ˜o tgm CL le amt ˜akkacla tgm ˜ejdosg letow ˜ym apeuhum ˜olemgr apojkeistij ˜a sto jq ˜ator. G Epitqop ˜g paqad ˜ewetai ˜oti g diat ˜gqgsg tgr q ˜gtqar epam ˜o- dou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg l ˜ewqi to 2014, g opo˜ia diowete ˜uei sto jq ˜ator l ˜ewqi to 60 % tym jeqd ˜ym tgr CL apoteke˜i, em ˜oxei tgr idiytijopo˜igsgr tgr CL, l ˜etqo to opo˜io d ˜usjoka sulbib ˜afetai le tir apait ˜gseir tym m ˜eym idiyt ˜ym let ˜owym. Pqojeil ˜emou ma ekawistopoighe˜i to j ˜ostor tgr jqatij ˜gr paq ˜elbasgr jai oi emisw ˜useir, upocqall˜ifei ˜oti g q ˜gtqa ha pq ˜epei ma pykghe˜i, se til ˜g tgr acoq ˜ar jai le b ˜asg tg cm ˜ylg amen ˜aqtgtou elpeiqocm ˜yloma, ˜yste to jq ˜ator ma k ˜abei tgm paqo ˜usa an˜ia tym es ˜odym pou pqobk ˜epomtai dum ˜alei tgr q ˜gtqar l ˜ewqi to 2014, jai g ˜okg diadijas˜ia ma lgm ˜ewei yr apot ˜ekesla tg woq ˜gcgsg sulpkgqylatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym pqor tg CL. G cm ˜ylg tou amen ˜aqtgtou elpeiqo- cm ˜yloma ha pq ˜epei ma upobkghe˜i stgm Epitqop ˜g pqor ˜ecjqisg. ˜etsi Ejt ˜or auto ˜u, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er cmystopo˜igsam tom L ˜aio tou 1998 stgm Epitqop ˜g tgm epihul˜ia tour ma tqopopoi ˜g- soum to lgwamisl ˜o tou dame˜iou tgr CL pqor tgm EPFR ˜etsi ˜yste g amawa˜itisg tgm opo˜ia asje˜i stgm tq ˜apefa to epit ˜o- jio pou e˜imai ˜iso le to 85 % tou TLL ma diatgqghe˜i le diavoqetij ˜o lgwamisl ˜o. Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er pq ˜oteimam tg letatqop ˜g tgr tq ˜ewousar an˜iar tou leiomejt ˜glator pou uv˜istatai g CL enait˜iar tym walgk ˜ym t ˜ojym pou eispq ˜at- tei ap ˜o to d ˜ameio pqor tgm EPFR ( ˜esoda ta opo˜ia g Epitqop ˜g ejt˜ilgse se 7,2 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja cia tgm peq˜iodo 1997-2000, let ˜a tgm ava˜iqesg tym emisw ˜useym, bk ˜epe p˜imaja 15) ap ˜o tg CL cia to wqomij ˜o di ˜astgla 2000-2014. H letatqop ˜g ha k ˜abei tg loqv ˜g tqopopo˜igsgr tou oqislo ˜u tgr q ˜gtqar epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg, tgr opo˜iar to posost ˜o paqajq ˜atgsgr ep˜i tym jeqd ˜ym ha aung- he˜i jat ˜a tq ˜opom ˜yste to apot ˜ekesla cia to jq ˜ator, kalba- mol ˜emgr up ˜oxg tgr a ˜ungsgr tgr an˜iar tgr q ˜gtqar (46) jai tgr upokeip ˜olemgr an˜iar tgr sulletow ˜gr tou sto jev ˜akaio tgr tq ˜apefar, ma e˜imai ˜iso le tgm paqo ˜usa an˜ia tgr paqa˜itgsgr (46) G an˜ia tgr q ˜gtqar ha aunghe˜i w ˜aqg, avem ˜or, stgm a ˜ungsg tym apotekesl ˜atym tgr tq ˜apefar (˜isg le to 15 % tou TLL ep˜i tou upokeip ˜olemou dame˜iou) jai, avet ˜eqou, stgm letabok ˜g tou su- mtekest ˜g paqajq ˜atgsgr ep˜i tym apotekesl ˜atym b ˜asei tgr q ˜g- tqar. tgr EPFR ap ˜o to 15 % tou TLL, ep˜i tou upoko˜ipou tou dame˜iou tgr CL (peq˜ipou 5,5 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja cia tgm peq˜iodo 2000-2014, s ˜ulvyma le tour upokocislo ˜ur tgr Epitqop ˜gr). G q ˜gtqa epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg, tgr opo˜iar g an˜ia ha aunghe˜i le tom tq ˜opo aut ˜o, ha enacoqaste˜i stg sum ˜e- weia ap ˜o tg CL dial ˜esou tgr ˜ejdosgr letow ˜ym apojkei- stij ˜a cia to jq ˜ator (eccqav ˜g ap ˜o tgm EPFR). G EPFR ha letapyk ˜gsei tir letow ˜er tgr sto pka˜isio tgr idiytijopo˜i- gsgr, ˜etsi ˜yste to apot ˜ekesla tym d ˜uo epiweiq ˜gseym leta- tqop ˜gr tgr an˜iar tgr q ˜gtqar jai tgr ejw ˜yqgs ˜gr tgr ma e˜imai touk ˜awistom oud ˜eteqo cia to jq ˜ator, kalb ˜amomtar up ˜oxg tgm paqa˜itgsg tou jq ˜atour ap ˜o tgm ap ˜odosg tou dame˜iou pqor tgm EPFR, ˜isg le to 15 % tou TLL, jai ap ˜o ta ˜esoda tgr q ˜gtqar. Stg b ˜asg aut ˜g, am avaiqeho ˜um ta ˜esoda tgr idiytijopo˜igsgr, oi jqatij ˜er emisw ˜useir pqor tg CL dem ha letabkgho ˜um w ˜aqg stgm tqopopo˜igsg tou lgwamislo ˜u diawyqislo ˜u. Sulpkgqylatij ˜a jai pqojeil ˜emou ma diatgqghe˜i g amawa˜i- tisg tgr CL, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er am ˜ekabam tir en ˜gr desle ˜u- seir: i) 58 % tym jahaq ˜ym apotekesl ˜atym tgr tq ˜apefar l ˜ewqi jai tg wq ˜gsg 2003 ha diamelghe˜i up ˜o loqv ˜g leqi- sl ˜atym, ii) oi ekkeillatij ˜er voqokocij ˜er letavoq ˜er ha ecjatakei- vho ˜um let ˜a tgm enacoq ˜a tgr q ˜gtqar epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg, iii) to am ˜ytato ˜oqio a ˜ungsgr tou emopoigl ˜emou isokoci- slo ˜u tgr CL le staheq ˜g peq˜iletqo jai staheq ˜er sumak- kaclatij ˜er isotil˜ier ha e˜imai 3,2 % etgs˜iyr ap ˜o ta t ˜ekg tou 1998 l ˜ewqi ta t ˜ekg tou 2001 jai oi sumtekest ˜er veqeccu ˜otgtar (47) ha diatgqgho ˜um l ˜ewqi to 2014 touk ˜a- wistom sto ep˜ipedo pou ha ˜ewoum sta t ˜ekg tou 2001, ejt ˜or e ˜am lesokab ˜gsoum enaiqetij ˜er peqist ˜aseir de ˜o- mtyr tejlgqiyl ˜emer tir opo˜ier dewhe˜i g Epitqop ˜g. G Epitqop ˜g d ˜umatai ma dewhe˜i sto s ˜umok ˜o tou tom lgwami- sl ˜o a ˜ungsgr tou epitoj˜iou tou dame˜iou ap ˜o 85 % se 100 % tou TLL ap ˜o to 2000 l ˜ewqi to 2014, tgm tqopopo˜igsg tou oqislo ˜u tgr q ˜gtqar, tgm p ˜ykgsg tgr q ˜gtqar jai tgm emak- kajtij ˜g l ˜ehodo amawa˜itisgr tgr CL up ˜o tgm pqoˇup ˜ohesg ˜oti ha pkgqo ˜umtai ta paqaj ˜aty jqit ˜gqia: — g ejt˜ilgsg tgr paqo ˜usar an˜iar tgr epib ˜aqumsgr pou amtipqosype ˜uei g amawqglatod ˜otgsg tgr CL cia to d ˜ameio pou woq ˜gcgse stgm EPFR le 15 % j ˜aty ap ˜o to TLL ap ˜o to 2000 ˜eyr to 2014, o epamapqosdioqisl ˜or jai g posotijopo˜igsg tgr q ˜gtqar ha pqaclatopoigho ˜um le b ˜asg tgm aniok ˜ocgsg amen ˜aqtgtou elpeiqocm ˜yloma, (47) G Epitqop ˜g eqlgme ˜uei tg d ˜esleusg aut ˜g yr avoq ˜ysa tom sumte- kest ˜g tym basij ˜ym idiojevaka˜iym («tier one») jai to sumtekest ˜g veqeccu ˜otgtar Cooke. 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/77 — g ˜ejhesg tou elpeiqocm ˜yloma ha joimopoighe˜i stgm Epitqop ˜g g opo˜ia ha pq ˜epei ma ecjq˜imei ta sulpeq ˜a- slat ˜a tgr pqim ap ˜o opoiad ˜gpote letabok ˜g tgr an˜iar tgr q ˜gtqar jai tgm swetij ˜g pq ˜ang g opo˜ia ha k ˜abei tg loqv ˜g ˜ejdosgr letow ˜ym tgr CL apojkeistij ˜a cia to jq ˜ator, — am ˜akoca le tgm peq˜iptysg, g Epitqop ˜g ha emamtiyhe˜i ˜oti dem enasvak˜ifetai g stgm diadijas˜ia e ˜am jq˜imei ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm pk ˜gqgr ejt˜ilgsg tgr epib ˜aqumsgr amawqglatod ˜otgsg tgr CL cia to d ˜amei ˜o tgr pqor tgm EPFR le 15 % j ˜aty ap ˜o to TLL ap ˜o to 2000 ˜eyr to 2014 jah ˜yr jai tgr q ˜gtqar epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜a- stasg, le apot ˜ekesla ma emd ˜ewetai g elv ˜amisg m ˜eym stoiwe˜iym em˜iswusgr. Le tgm epiv ˜ukang tgr ap ˜okutgr ijamopo˜igs ˜gr tgr le ta apotek ˜eslata tym ek ˜ecwym tour opo˜iour ha pqaclatopoi- ˜gsei, g Epitqop ˜g jatak ˜gcei sto sulp ˜eqasla ˜oti o lgwami- sl ˜or amawa˜itisgr dem peqikalb ˜amei pq ˜osheta stoiwe˜ia em˜iswusgr jai ˜oti ha sumew˜isei ma amawait˜ifei se sgla- mtij ˜o bahl ˜o tg CL jai p ˜eqam tou wqomijo ˜u oq˜ifomta tou pqocq ˜allator amadi ˜aqhqysgr. 10. 7 Desle ˜useir tir opo˜ier am ˜ekabam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er se sw ˜esg le tgm idiytijopo˜igsg Sulpkgq ˜ymomtar tgm en ˜etasg tym ˜oqym yr pqor to sulbi- b ˜asilo tym up ˜o en ˜etasg emisw ˜useym, g Epitqop ˜g sglei ˜ymei ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm idiytijopo˜igsg tgr tir desle ˜useir tq ˜apefar, tir opo˜ier am ˜ekabe g cakkij ˜g jub ˜eqmgsg, sto pka˜isio tym st ˜owym pou jahoq˜istgjam jat ˜a tgm ˜ejdosg tgr ap ˜ovasgr 95/547/EJ. Se epistok ˜g tgr 13gr Lai¨ou 1998, to Upouqce˜io Ehmij ˜gr Oijomol˜iar, Oijomolij ˜ym, jai Biolgwam˜iar am ˜ekabe tg d ˜esleusg ma idiytijopoi ˜gsei tg CL l ˜ewqi tom Ojt ˜ybqio tou 1999 sto pka˜isio amoijt ˜gr, diavamo ˜ur jai ˜ameu diajq˜iseym diadijas˜iar. To jq ˜ator ha apyk ˜esei emtek ˜yr to q ˜oko tou let ˜owou amavoq ˜ar jai to leq˜idi ˜o tou ha leiyhe˜i j ˜aty ap ˜o to 10 % tou jevaka˜iou tgr tq ˜apefar. To swetij ˜o di ˜atacla ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm idiyti- jopo˜igsg ha ejdohe˜i pqim ta t ˜ekg tou 1998 jai g diadija- s˜ia p ˜ykgsgr ha jimghe˜i pqim ap ˜o tgm 1g Laqt˜iou 1999. G Epitqop ˜g sglei ˜ymei tir desle ˜useir aut ˜er jai upemhul˜ifei ˜oti stgm WWIIIg ˜ejhes ˜g tgr ep˜i tgr pokitij ˜gr amtacymi- slo ˜u tou 1993 (48) peqicq ˜avei tir cemij ˜er aqw ˜er tir opo˜ier evaql ˜ofei stir peqipt ˜yseir idiytijopo˜igsgr pqojeil ˜emou ma pqosdioq˜isei am oi swetij ˜er em ˜eqceier peqikalb ˜amoum stoiwe˜ia em˜iswusgr. Heyqe˜i ˜oti g idiytijopo˜igsg ha pq ˜epei ma apoteke˜i oqistij ˜g k ˜usg sto pq ˜obkgla tgr diajub ˜eqmg- sgr tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr, to opo˜io amav ˜eqetai paqap ˜amy jai ha vqomt˜isei sto l ˜ekkom ma apeuh ˜umetai g CL stour idi ˜yter let ˜owour tgr jai stgm acoq ˜a pqojeil ˜emou ma ene ˜uqei sulpkgqylatijo ˜ur. 10. 8 ˜Akkoi ˜oqoi oi opo˜ioi ha pq ˜epei ma tgqgho ˜um se sw ˜esg le to sulbib ˜asilo tym up ˜o en ˜etasg emisw ˜useym i) G Epitqop ˜g upocqall˜ifei ˜oti g ejw ˜yqgsg hucatqij ˜ym jai upojatastgl ˜atym tgr tq ˜apefar ha pq ˜epei ma eqlg- (48) Bk ˜epe WWIII g ˜ejhesg ep˜i tgr pokitij ˜gr amtacymislo ˜u, sgle˜io 403, s. 276. Oi aqw ˜er stir opo˜ier amav ˜eqetai g Epitqop ˜g ˜otam enet ˜afei jat ˜a p ˜oso lia idiytijopo˜igsg odgce˜i jat ˜a peq˜iptysg se jqatij ˜er emisw ˜useir e˜iwam joimopoighe˜i pakai ˜oteqa stir cak- kij ˜er aqw ˜er le epistok ˜g tou cemijo ˜u dieuhumt ˜g amtacymislo ˜u, tgr 14gr Iouk˜iou 1993. meuhe˜i yr le˜iysg tgr jahaq ˜gr peqil ˜etqou dqastgqiot ˜g- tym tgr tq ˜apefar jai yr alet ˜ajkgtg. Ha pq ˜epei ma pqaclatopoighe˜i up ˜o sumh ˜gjer diav ˜ameiar jai le tq ˜opo amoijt ˜o pqor opoiomd ˜gpote dumgtij ˜o acoqast ˜g, c ˜akko ˜g ˜oqoi p ˜ykgsgr dem pq ˜epei ma peqikalb ˜a- akkodap ˜o. Oi moum q ˜gtqer pou emdewol ˜emyr peqioq˜ifoum jat ˜a apaq ˜a- dejto tq ˜opo tom aqihl ˜o tym upoxgv˜iym jai ma stowe ˜uoum se j ˜apoio sucjejqil ˜emo upox ˜gvio. G epikoc ˜g tou ej ˜astote acoqast ˜g ha pq ˜epei ma c˜imetai le st ˜owo tgm bektistopo˜igsg tym es ˜odym ap ˜o tgm ejw ˜y- qgsg. Ta ˜esoda ha pq ˜epei ma diateho ˜um jah’ okojkg- q˜iam cia tg wqglatod ˜otgsg tou pqocq ˜allator amadi ˜aq- hqysgr tgr CL. ii) Sebasl˜or tym diat˜aneym tgr paqo˜usar ap˜ovasgr a) Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er ha upob ˜akkoum tqilgmia˜ier ejh ˜e- seir ep˜i tgr pqo ˜odou l ˜ewqi tir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 2000. Stir ejh ˜eseir aut ˜er ha peqikalb ˜ametai amakutij ˜g peqicqav ˜g tym emeqcei ˜ym ejw ˜yqgsgr jai jkeis˜ilator dqastgqiot ˜gtym pou pqaclatopoi ˜ghgjam b ˜asei tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr, le tgm gleqolgm˜ia ejw ˜yqgsgr, tg kocistij ˜g an˜ia tym peqiousiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym stir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1994, tgm an˜ia tgr ejw ˜yqgsgr, jah ˜yr jai ta j ˜eqdg ˜g tir fgl˜ier ep˜i tgr an˜iar pou pqo ˜e- juxam ap ˜o tgm ejw ˜yqgsg. G pq ˜ytg ˜ejhesg ep˜i tgr pqo ˜odou ha upobkghe˜i tgm 1g Ojtybq˜iou 1998. Oi ep ˜olemer pqohesl˜ier e˜imai: 1g Iamouaq˜iou 1999, 1g Apqik˜iou 1999 jai 1g Iouk˜iou 1999, joj. Oi tqilgmi- a˜ier ejh ˜eseir ep˜i tgr pqo ˜odou cia to 1999 ha peqi- kalb ˜amoum ajqib ˜g peqicqav ˜g tgr pqo ˜odou ˜osom avoq ˜a tgm idiytijopo˜igsg. b) Oi enalgmia˜ier jai et ˜gsier ejh ˜eseir tgr CL ha upob ˜akkomtai stgm Epitqop ˜g al ˜esyr let ˜a tgm ˜ecjqis ˜g tour ap ˜o to dioijgtij ˜o sulbo ˜ukio tgr tq ˜apefar taut ˜owqoma le tgm upobok ˜g ejh ˜eseyr ep˜i tgr pqo ˜odou tou epiweiqglatijo ˜u pqocq ˜allator tgr tq ˜apefar. c) G Epitqop ˜g ha ˜ewei pk ˜gqg pq ˜osbasg se ˜oker tir pkgqovoq˜ier. Ha d ˜umatai, le tgm sucjat ˜ahesg tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym, ma apeuh ˜umetai apeuhe˜iar stg CL cia engc ˜gseir jai dieujqim˜iseir. Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er jai g CL ha pqosv ˜eqoum tg sumeqcas˜ia tour cia ˜oker tir epakghe ˜useir pou emd ˜ewetai ma fgt ˜gsei g Epitqop ˜g ˜g, jat ˜a peq˜iptysg, j ˜apoior emtetakl ˜emor s ˜ulbouk ˜or tgr. d) G Epitqop ˜g ha emgleq ˜ymetai keptoleq ˜yr yr pqor tom tq ˜opo idiytijopo˜igsgr tgr tq ˜apefar. Oi aqw ˜er ha tgr diabib ˜afoum ej tym pqot ˜eqym ˜oker tir pkgqovoq˜ier le tir opo˜ier ha epibebai ˜ymetai ˜oti g idiytijopo˜igsg c˜imetai le amoijt ˜o tq ˜opo, diav ˜ameia jai wyq˜ir diajq˜iseir. G Epitqop ˜g ha enet ˜afei tir keptol ˜eqeier le b ˜asg tir pqoamaveq ˜olemer aqw ˜er tir opo˜ier evaq- l ˜ofei stir peqipt ˜yseir idiytijopo˜igsgr. iii) Ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er ha tgq ˜gsoum tir desle ˜useir pou amav ˜e- qomtai sto ˜aqhqo 4 tgr ap ˜ovasgr 95/547/EJ, l ˜ewqi ma okojkgqyhe˜i g diadijas˜ia tou diawyqislo ˜u. L 221/78 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 11. SULPEQASLATA 11. 1 To sulbib ˜asilo tym sulpkgqylatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym se sw ˜esg le ta pos ˜a pou e˜iwam pqogcoul ˜emyr ecjqihe˜i ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g G Epitqop ˜g jatak ˜gcei ˜oti ta up ˜o en ˜etasg l ˜etqa sto pka˜i- sio tgr paqo ˜usar diadijas˜iar, pou ˜ewoum le tgm a ˜ungsg tym fgli ˜ym tou CDR jai tou j ˜ostour wqglatod ˜otgsgr tgr EPFR, jai g lg t ˜gqgsg tgr upowq ˜eysgr wqglatod ˜otgsgr ap ˜o tg CL tgr eccqav ˜gr ˜ejdosgr olokoci ˜ym wyq˜ir tojole- q˜idio ap ˜o tgm EPFR, peqikalb ˜amoum sulpkgqylatij ˜er emisw ˜useir, se sw ˜esg le tir emisw ˜useir pou e˜iwam ecjqihe˜i b ˜asei tgr apov ˜aseyr 95/547/EJ (dgkad ˜g 45 disejatoll ˜u- qia vq ˜acja) jai tgr apov ˜aseyr tgr 25gr Septelbq˜iou 1996 (peq˜ipou 4 disejatoll ˜uqia vq ˜acja). Oi sulpkgqylatij ˜er aut ˜er emisw ˜useir upokoc˜ifomtai se peq˜ipou 53-98 diseja- toll ˜uqia vq ˜acja (49) se paqo ˜usa an˜ia. B ˜asei tym amyt ˜eqy, g Epitqop ˜g jatak ˜gcei: i) ii) iii) iv) ˜oti to sw ˜edio amadi ˜aqhqysgr pou up ˜ebakam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er ap ˜edeine tg biysil ˜otgta tgr CL· g biysil ˜otgta tgr ap ˜o aut ˜g tq ˜apefar-sulbo ˜ukou tgr Epitqop ˜gr jai ap ˜o to m ˜eo epiweiqglatij ˜o sw ˜edio (businessplan) pou up ˜ebakam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er to L ˜aio tou 1998· epibebai ˜yhgje poq˜islata ta ˜oti oi emisw ˜useir, le tgm epiv ˜ukang tou peqioqislo ˜u tgr «amtist ˜ahlisgr» tou dame˜iou pqor tgm ERFR jat ˜a tgm peq˜iodo 1997-1999 e˜imai, paq ˜a tg lomadij ˜g tour sglas˜ia, peqioqisl ˜emer sto apok ˜utyr amacja˜io cia tgm enasv ˜akisg tgr biysil ˜otgtar tgr tq ˜apefar· ˜oti to pok ˜u sglamtij ˜o pq ˜ocqalla ejwyq ˜gseym jai pa ˜usgr tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym cia tir opo˜ier desle ˜uhg- jam oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er, jah ˜yr jai o peqioqisl ˜or tym emisw ˜useym sto ep˜ipedo pou jq˜imetai apok ˜utyr ama- cja˜io, ha jatak ˜gnoum ˜yste g CL ma wqglatodot ˜gsei, enamtk ˜ymtar ˜oka ta l ˜esa ta opo˜ia diah ˜etei, ˜ema sgla- mtij ˜o l ˜eqor tou swed˜iou amadi ˜aqhqysgr· ˜oti oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er pqos ˜eveqam amtipaqow ˜er oi opo˜ier epitq ˜epoum ma enawhe˜i to sulp ˜eqasla ˜oti, pqor to joim ˜o sulv ˜eqom, g CL ha lei ˜ysei se pok ˜u sglamtij ˜o bahl ˜o tgm elpoqij ˜g tgr paqous˜ia, o de isokocisl ˜or tgr le tg k ˜gng tou swed˜iou amadi ˜aqhqysgr ha ˜ewei leiyhe˜i jat ˜a peqiss ˜oteqo ap ˜o ˜ema tq˜ito se sw ˜esg le tgm jat ˜astasg stir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1994, jai idia˜iteqa ˜oti oi amtipaqow ˜er pou sumd ˜eomtai le tir sulpkgqyla- tij ˜er emisw ˜useir, jai peqikalb ˜amoum pa ˜usg dqastgqio- t ˜gtym jai sulpkgqylatij ˜er ejwyq ˜gseir stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u ˜uxour 310 disejatolluq˜iym, jah ˜yr jai g suqq˜ijmysg tou dijt ˜uou stg Cakk˜ia se 1 850 upojata- st ˜glata to ˜etor 2000 ha epitq ˜exoum tgm apovuc ˜g upeq- bokij ˜ym stqebk ˜yseym tou amtacymislo ˜u· v) ˜oti g epib ˜aqumsg 15 % tou TLL ep˜i tou dame˜iou pqor tgm EPFR jah ˜yr jai g eisvoq ˜a ep˜i tym apotekesl ˜atym jai tym id˜iym p ˜oqym b ˜asei tgr q ˜gtqar epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg lpoqo ˜um ma amtijatastaho ˜um ap ˜o ˜ema lgwa- misl ˜o «sucjq ˜atgsgr» up ˜o tgm pqoˇup ˜ohesg ˜oti dem peqi- kalb ˜amomtai stoiwe˜ia sulpkgqylatij ˜ym emisw ˜useym up ˜eq tgr CL. (49) 50 Bk ˜epe p˜imaja 15. Oi desle ˜useir pou am ˜ekabe g jub ˜eqmgsg epibebai ˜yhgjam le tqeir epistok ˜er tgr 13gr Lai¨ou 1998. S ˜ulvyma le tir joimotij ˜er jateuhumt ˜gqier cqall ˜er tgr cia tir emisw ˜useir amadi ˜aqhqysgr, g Epitqop ˜g jatak ˜gcei, le tgm epiv ˜ukang tgr t ˜gqgsgr ej l ˜eqour tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym tym desle ˜useym pou peqikalb ˜amomtai jatyt ˜eqy sto ˜aqhqo 1 paq ˜acqavor 3, ˜oti oi em k ˜ocy sulpkgqylatij ˜er emisw ˜u- seir, lpoqo ˜um ma t ˜uwoum tgr paq ˜ejjkisgr b ˜asei tou ˜aqhqou 92 paq ˜acqavor 3 stoiwe˜io c) tgr sumh ˜gjgr (pq ˜yto l ˜eqor tgr pq ˜ytgr vq ˜asgr) jai ˜oti sulbib ˜afomtai le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a. 11. 2 Oi emisw ˜useir pou ecjq˜ihgjam ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g stgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr 95/547/EJ Oi emisw ˜useir pou em ˜ejqime g Epitqop ˜g stgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr 95/547/EJ enajokouho ˜um ma sulbib ˜afomtai le tg sumh ˜gjg, ev ˜osom oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er jai g CL tgqo ˜um sto aj ˜eqaio tir upowqe ˜yseir pou apoqq ˜eoum b ˜asei tgr ap ˜ovasgr 95/547/ EJ, le ena˜iqesg tir tqopopoi ˜gseir pou ecjq˜imomtai le tgm paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg. ˜oti se ejt ˜ekesg tgr ap ˜ovasgr G Epitqop ˜g upemhul˜ifei 95/547/EJ, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er jai g CL pq ˜epei ma vqomt˜i- soum id˜iyr ma tgq ˜gsoum sto aj ˜eqaio tir amtipaqow ˜er pou pqobk ˜epomtai sto pka˜isio tgr em k ˜ocy ap ˜ovasgr, dgkad ˜g le˜iysg tgr elpoqij ˜gr paqous˜iar tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais ejt ˜or tgr Cakk˜iar jat ˜a 35 % se ˜oqour isokocislo ˜u, pou amtipqo- sype ˜uei 50 % tym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr stgm Euq ˜ypg ejt ˜or Cakk˜iar. H le˜iysg aut ˜g ejtil ˜atai se sw ˜esg le tgm amakoc˜ia sto s ˜umoko tou emeqcgtijo ˜u tgr tq ˜apefar stir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1994 jai pq ˜epei ma ˜ewei okojkgqyhe˜i pqim ap ˜o tir 31 Dejelbq˜iou, 1998. ENEDYSE TGM PAQOUSA APOVASG: ˜Aqhqo 1 Ta l ˜etqa pou upobk ˜ghgjam stgm Epitqop ˜g to Sept ˜el- 1. bqio 1996 jai eje˜ima b ˜asei tou swed˜iou amadi ˜aqhqysgr tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais pou upobk ˜ghgjam stgm Epitqop ˜g tom Io ˜ukio 1997, le tg loqv ˜g amtist ˜ahlisgr tou dame˜iou pqor tgm EPFR, le tg lg evaqloc ˜g tgr eccqav ˜gr olokoci ˜ym wyq˜ir tojoleq˜idio, jah ˜yr jai le tgm am ˜akgxg tym sulpkgqyla- tij ˜ym fgli ˜ym tou CDR jai tgr EPFR ap ˜o to jq ˜ator, ˜opyr tqopopoi ˜ghgjam ap ˜o tir cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er s ˜ulvyma le tour ˜oqour pou pqobk ˜epomtai stgm paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg, apote- ko ˜um jqatij ˜er emisw ˜useir b ˜asei tou ˜aqhqou 92 paq ˜acqavor 1 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJ jai tou ˜aqhqou 61 paq ˜acqavor 1 tgr sulvym˜iar EOW. Oi sulpkgqylatij ˜er aut ˜er emisw ˜useir, se sw ˜esg le tir emisw ˜useir pou ecjq˜ihgjam ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g stgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr 95/547/EJ jai stgm ap ˜ovasg tgr 25gr Septelbq˜iou 1996, apotil ˜ymtai letan ˜u 53 jai 98 disejatol- luq˜iym cakkij ˜ym vq ˜acjym. Oi up ˜o en ˜etasg sulpkgqyla- tij ˜er emisw ˜useir e˜imai dumat ˜om ma heyqgho ˜um ˜oti sulbib ˜a- fomtai le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a jai le tgm sulvym˜ia EOW, s ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 92 paq ˜acqavor 3 stoiwe˜io c) tgr sumh ˜gjgr jai le to ˜aqhqo 61 paq ˜acqavor 3 stoiwe˜io c) tgr sulvym˜iar EOW, up ˜o tgm pqoˇup ˜ohesg ˜oti g Cakk˜ia ha tgq ˜gsei tir desle ˜useir pou oq˜ifomtai stgm paq ˜acqavo 2 jai tour ˜oqour pou amav ˜eqomtai stgm paq ˜acqavo 3. 8. 8. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 221/79 2. G Cakk˜ia amakalb ˜amei tir en ˜gr desle ˜useir: a) G Cakk˜ia amakalb ˜amei ma letabib ˜asei, to aqc ˜oteqo tom Ojt ˜ybqio 1999, tgm Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais stom idiytij ˜o tol ˜ea, le amoijt ˜er, diavame˜ir jai lg diajqitij ˜er diadi- jas˜ier. Oi diadijas˜ier aut ˜er lpoqo ˜um ma aqw˜isoum ˜gdg ap ˜o to 1998 le tgm ˜ejdosg molohetij ˜gr pq ˜angr idiyti- jopo˜igsgr pqim ap ˜o to t ˜ekor tou ˜etour, jai ma peqikal- b ˜amoum aqjet ˜a st ˜adia. Se j ˜ahe peq˜iptysg, pq ˜epei ma teho ˜um se evaqloc ˜g pqim ap ˜o tgm 1g Laqt˜iou 1999. Sto pka˜isio aut ˜o, g sulletow ˜g tou jq ˜atour sto jev ˜a- kaio tgr tq ˜apefar ha am ˜ekhei to pok ˜u se 10 %, to de jq ˜ator amakalb ˜amei ma lgm apoteke˜i sto en ˜gr tom gcetij ˜o l ˜etowo tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais. b) Yr amtist ˜ahlisg cia tgm jqatij ˜g em˜iswusg, g Cr(cid:130)dit ˜g ejpoi ˜gsei stoiwe˜ia tou Lyonnais ha ˜ewei ejwyq ˜gsei emeqcgtijo ˜u ˜uxour 620 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym stom isokocisl ˜o tgr 31gr Dejelbq˜iou 1994. G le˜iysg aut ˜g avoq ˜a to s ˜umoko tym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u stgm Euq ˜ypg ejt ˜or Cakk˜iar, le ena˜iqesg juq˜iyr tir dqastgqi ˜otgter sto Komd˜imo, to Kounelbo ˜uqco, tgm Vqamjvo ˜uqtg jai tgm Ekbet˜ia. G Tq ˜apefa ha ˜ewei tg dumat ˜otgta ma diaweiq˜ifetai kocaqiaslo ˜ur cia upgqe- s˜ier pkgqyl ˜gr jai ejtal˜ieusgr stg f ˜ymg euq ˜y. H diat ˜gqgsg tym stqatgcij ˜gr sglas˜iar dqastgqiot ˜gtym aut ˜ym ha amtistahliste˜i am ˜akoca l ˜esy ˜akkym stoi- we˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u stg Cakk˜ia jai stom up ˜okoipo j ˜oslo. G d ˜esleusg aut ˜g sulpkgq ˜ymei eje˜img tgr 18gr Iouk˜iou 1995, pou avoqo ˜use le˜iysg jat ˜a 35 % tgr paqous˜iar tgr se pacj ˜oslio ep˜ipedo, pou amtipqosy- pe ˜uei 50 % stgm Euq ˜ypg, jai g opo˜ia epibebai ˜yhgje. To up ˜okoipo tym ejwyq ˜gseym aut ˜ym pq ˜epei ma ˜ewei okojkgqyhe˜i l ˜ewqi tir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1998 to aqc ˜o- teqo. G sumokij ˜g le˜iysg tym 620 disejatolluq˜iym vq ˜acjym pq ˜epei ma ˜ewei pqaclatopoighe˜i pqim ap ˜o tgm gleqolgm˜ia idiytijopo˜igsgr. Oi em k ˜ocy d ˜uo gleqolg- m˜ier lpoqo ˜um ma paqataho ˜um to aqc ˜oteqo jat ˜a 1 ˜etor, cia k ˜ocour pou ove˜ikomtai stir sumh ˜gjer tgr acoq ˜ar jai oi opo˜ioi apodeijm ˜uomtai de ˜omtyr stgm Epitqop ˜g. c) G Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais ha ˜ewei lei ˜ysei to d˜ijtu ˜o tgr stgm Euq ˜ypg, pou dem ha upeqba˜imei pk ˜eom tir 1 850 elpoqi- j ˜er ecjatast ˜aseir to ˜etor 2000 cia tgm lgtqij ˜g etai- qe˜ia jai tir hucatqij ˜er tym kiamij ˜ym tqapefij ˜ym eqca- si ˜ym. O aqihl ˜or aut ˜or tym lom ˜adym evaql ˜ofetai stir upgqes˜ier stour ecjatast ˜aseir pou pqosv ˜eqoum idi ˜yter, stour epacceklat˜ier jai stir epiweiq ˜gseir. d) Cia ma ukopoighe˜i g idiytijopo˜igsg emt ˜or tym pqobke- p ˜olemym pqohesli ˜ym, g q ˜gtqa epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜a- stasg jai to apot ˜ekesla tgr leqij ˜gr amtist ˜ahlisgr tou dame˜iou let ˜a to 1999 ha apotek ˜esoum amtije˜ilemo aniok ˜ocgsgr ap ˜o amen ˜aqtgto elpeiqocm ˜yloma jai ha pqosveqho ˜um ˜ellesa pqor enacoq ˜a, le tgm ˜ejdosg letow ˜ym tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais up ˜eq tgr EPFR g opo˜ia ha tir ejwyq ˜gsei stg sum ˜eweia sto pka˜isio tgr diadija- s˜iar idiytijopo˜igsgr. Pqim ap ˜o tgm ˜ejdosg aut ˜g ha diabibasto ˜um stgm Epitqop ˜g ta apotek ˜eslata tgr aniok ˜ocgsgr. e) Cia ma diatgqgho ˜um ta peqioqistij ˜a apotek ˜eslata ˜osom avoq ˜a tir dumat ˜otgter am ˜aptungr tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyon- nais b ˜asei tgr q ˜gtqar epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg jai tgr ap ˜ojkisgr letan ˜u tou epitoj˜iou acoq ˜ar jai tou epitoj˜iou tou dame˜iou pqor tgm EPFR jai cia ma ekec- whe˜i g am ˜aptung tgr tq ˜apefar se sw ˜esg le tour amta- cymist ˜er tgr, (i) 58 % tou jahaqo ˜u tgr apotek ˜eslator l ˜ewqi tg wq ˜gsg 2003, sulpeqikalbamol ˜emgr, ha diame- lghe˜i le tg loqv ˜g leqisl ˜atym, (ii) oi letavoq ˜er tym voqokocij ˜ym ekkeill ˜atym ha stalat ˜gsoum le tgm enacoq ˜a tgr q ˜gtqar epam ˜odou se uci ˜g jat ˜astasg, (iii) ha tehe˜i am ˜ytato ˜oqio 3,2 % jat’ ˜etor a ˜ungsgr tou emopoigl ˜emou isokocislo ˜u le staheq ˜g peq˜iletqo (l ˜ecehor tou ol˜ikou) jai le staheq ˜g isotil˜ia, letan ˜u tou t ˜ekour tou ˜etour 1998 jai tou t ˜ekour tour ˜etour 2001 jai oi sumtekest ˜er veqeccu ˜otgt ˜ar tgr ha diatgqg- ho ˜um l ˜ewqi to 2014 sto ek ˜awisto ep˜ipedo pou epite ˜u- whgje sto t ˜ekor tou 2001, ejt ˜or e ˜am up ˜aqnoum enaiqeti- j ˜er peqist ˜aseir oi opo˜ier aitiokocgho ˜um de ˜omtyr jai ecjqiho ˜um ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g. st) G ejt ˜ekesg ˜okym tym upowqe ˜yseym pou amav ˜eqomtai sta sgle˜ia a) ˜eyr e) ha ek ˜ecwetai etgs˜iyr ap ˜o amen ˜aq- tgto elpeiqocm ˜yloma l ˜ewqi tgm okojk ˜gqysg tym ejwy- q ˜gseym tym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u. Ep˜isgr, oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er ha diabib ˜afoum stgm Euqypaˇij ˜g Epitqop ˜g tqilgmia˜io apokocisl ˜o jai keptoleq ˜g enalg- mia˜ia ˜ejhesg swetij ˜a le tgm evaqloc ˜g tou swed˜iou. G Cakk˜ia diab˜ibase stgm Epitqop ˜g le epistok ˜g tgr 13gr Lai¨ou 1998 elpisteutij ˜o jat ˜akoco le tir ejwyq ˜gseir jai pa ˜useir keitouqc˜iar pou pqobk ˜epomtai sto sgle˜io b) amyt ˜eqy. 3. Cia ma enasvakiste˜i to sulbib ˜asilo tgr em˜iswusgr le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a, g cakkij ˜g jub ˜eqmgsg epibk ˜epei tgm t ˜gqgsg tym jatyt ˜eqy upowqe ˜yseym: a) Evaqloc ˜g: Enasv ˜akisg tgr ukopo˜igsgr ˜okym tym desle ˜useym jai tym l ˜etqym pou pqobk ˜epomtai stgm paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg, jai tym l ˜etqym tgr ap ˜ovasgr 95/547/EJ ta opo˜ia dem tqopopoi ˜ghgjam sto pka˜isio tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr· lg tqopopo˜igsg tym l ˜etqym aut ˜ym wyq˜ir pqogco ˜ulemg sulvym˜ia tgr Epitqop ˜gr. b) ˜Oqoi ejw ˜yqgsgr tym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u: Oi ejwyq ˜gseir tym hucatqij ˜ym jai upojatastgl ˜atym tgr tq ˜apefar pq ˜epei ma eqlgmeuho ˜um yr le˜iysg tgr jahaq ˜gr peqil ˜etqou tgr tq ˜apefar (l ˜ecehor tou ol˜ikou) jai ma e˜imai alet ˜ajkgter. Pq ˜epei ma ukopoigho ˜um l ˜esy diavam ˜ym jai amoijt ˜ym diadijasi ˜ym stir opo˜ier ma ˜ewoum pq ˜osbasg ˜okoi oi dumgtijo˜i acoqast ˜er, C ˜akkoi ˜g akkodapo˜i. Oi succqav ˜er upowqe ˜yseym dem pq ˜epei ma peqikalb ˜amoum q ˜gtqer pou ma peqioq˜ifoum jat ˜a lg apodejt ˜o tq ˜opo tom aqihl ˜o tym dumgtij ˜ym upoxgv˜iym jai ma lgm avoqo ˜um j ˜apoio sucjejqil ˜emo dumgtij ˜o upox ˜gvio. G epikoc ˜g tym acoqast ˜ym pq ˜epei ma c˜imetai le cm ˜yloma tgm bektistopo˜igsg tym es ˜odym ap ˜o tir ejwyq ˜gseir. Ta ˜esoda aut ˜a pq ˜epei ma wqgsilopoigho ˜um en okojk ˜gqou cia tg wqglatod ˜otgsg tou swed˜iou amadi ˜aqhqysgr tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais. L 221/80 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 8. 8. 98 c) Epamapqosdioqisl ˜or jai evaqloc ˜g tou lgwamislo ˜u sucjq ˜atgsgr tgr tq ˜apefar: G aniok ˜ocgsg tgr paqo ˜usar an˜iar tgr epib ˜aqumsgr tgr amawqglatod ˜otgsgr tgr CL k ˜ocy tou dame˜iou tgr pqor tgm EPFR le 15 % j ˜aty ap ˜o to TLL ap ˜o to 2000 ˜eyr to 2014, o epamapqosdioqisl ˜or tgr q ˜gtqar jai g amab ˜ah- lisg tgr q ˜gtqar ha pqaclatopoigho ˜um ap ˜o amen ˜aqtgto elpeiqocm ˜yloma· g ˜ejhesg tou elpeiqocm ˜yloma ha diabibaste˜i stgm Epitqop ˜g, g opo˜ia pq ˜epei ma ecjq˜imei ta swetij ˜a poq˜islata pqim ap ˜o j ˜ahe letabok ˜g tgr an˜iar tgr q ˜gtqar jai pqim ap ˜o j ˜ahe sumakkac ˜g le tg loqv ˜g ˜ejdosgr letow ˜ym tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais cia to jq ˜ator. d) Paqajoko ˜uhgsg tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr: i) Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er ha pqoba˜imoum se tqilgmia˜io apokocisl ˜o l ˜ewqi tir 31 Dejelbq˜iou tou ˜etour 2000. O apokocisl ˜or aut ˜or ha peqikalb ˜amei tgm kepto- leq ˜g jat ˜astasg tym ejwyq ˜gseym jai tym pa ˜useym dqastgqi ˜otgtar pou sulvym ˜ghgjam sto pka˜isio tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr, sulpeqikalbamol ˜emgr tgr gleqolgm˜iar ejw ˜yqgsgr, tgr kocistij ˜gr an˜iar tym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u stir 31 Dejelbq˜iou 1994, tgr an˜iar tgr ejw ˜yqgsgr, jai tym jevakaiouwij ˜ym jeqd ˜ym ˜g fgli ˜ym. O pq ˜ytor tqilgmia˜ior apokoci- sl ˜or pqobk ˜epetai cia tgm 1g Ojtybq˜iou 1998, oi de ep ˜olemoi cia tgm 1g Iamouaq˜iou 1999, tgm 1g Apqi- k˜iou 1999 jai tgm 1g Iouk˜iou 1999. ii) Oi enalgmia˜ier jai et ˜gsier ejh ˜eseir tgr Cr(cid:130)dit Lyon- nais ha diabib ˜afomtai al ˜esyr stgm Epitqop ˜g let ˜a tgm ˜ecjqis ˜g tour ap ˜o to dioijgtij ˜o sulbo ˜ukio tgr tq ˜apefar, sucwq ˜omyr le tgm paqous˜iasg tgr poqe˜iar tou epiweiqglatijo ˜u swed˜iou tgr epiwe˜iqgsgr. iii) G Epitqop ˜g ha diah ˜etei lom˜ilyr jai wyq˜ir peqioqi- slo ˜ur pq ˜osbasg se ˜oka ta apaqa˜itgta stoiwe˜ia, jah’ ˜okg tg di ˜aqjeia tou swed˜iou. Ha lpoqe˜i, le tgm s ˜ulvymg cm ˜ylg tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym, ma apeuh ˜ume- tai ˜alesa stgm Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais cia ma kalb ˜amei tir amacja˜ier engc ˜gseir jai dieujqim˜iseir. Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er jai g Cr(cid:130)dit Lyonnais ha sumeqc ˜afomtai pk ˜gqyr se ˜okour tour ek ˜ecwour pou e˜imai dumat ˜om ma fgt ˜gsei g Epitqop ˜g ˜g, emdewol ˜emyr, emtetakl ˜emor s ˜ulbouk ˜or tgr. iv) G Epitqop ˜g ha emgleq ˜ymetai pk ˜gqyr cia tour ˜oqour idiytijopo˜igsgr tgr tq ˜apefar. Oi aqw ˜er ha tgr diabib ˜afoum pqogcoul ˜emyr ˜oka ta stoiwe˜ia pou ha tgr epitq ˜epoum ma enajqib ˜ymei ˜oti pq ˜aclati g em k ˜ocy idiytijopo˜igsg diemeqce˜itai b ˜asei amoijt ˜ym, diavam ˜ym jai aleq ˜okgptym diadijasi ˜ym. v) J ˜ahe amabok ˜g tym gleqolgmi ˜ym ejw ˜yqgsgr tym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcgtijo ˜u ˜g pa ˜usgr tym dqastgqio- t ˜gtym s ˜ulvyma le tour ˜oqour pou amav ˜eqomtai amyt ˜eqy stir upowqe ˜yseir tym cakkij ˜ym aqw ˜ym stgm paq ˜acqavo 2 sto˜iweio b) tou paq ˜omtor ˜aqhqou pq ˜epei ma ecjqihe˜i pqogcoul ˜emyr ap ˜o tgm Epitqop ˜g. Oi desle ˜useir aut ˜er avoqo ˜um apojkeistij ˜a tir gleqolgm˜ier ejwyq ˜gseym tym stoiwe˜iym tou emeqcg- tijo ˜u jai pa ˜usgr tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym jai av ˜gmoum alet ˜abkgtg tgm upowq ˜eysg idiytijopo˜igsgr tgr tq ˜apefar, g opo˜ia ha pq ˜epei se j ˜ahe peq˜iptysg ma ˜ewei okojkgqyhe˜i to aqc ˜oteqo l ˜ewqi tom Ojt ˜ybqio 1999. e) Ap ˜ovasg 95/547/EJ: Oi cakkij ˜er aqw ˜er ha tgq ˜gsoum tir desle ˜useir pou amav ˜eqomtai sto ˜aqhqo 4 tgr ap ˜ovasgr 95/547/EJ, l ˜ewqi to t ˜ekor tgr diadijas˜iar diawyqislo ˜u. ˜Aqhqo 2 G Cakk˜ia emgleq ˜ymei tgm Epitqop ˜g emt ˜or d ˜uo lgm ˜ym ap ˜o tgm joimopo˜igsg tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr swetij ˜a le ta l ˜etqa pou ˜ewei k ˜abei cia ma sulloqvyhe˜i pqor aut ˜gm. ˜Aqhqo 3 G paqo ˜usa Dglojqat˜ia. ap ˜ovasg apeuh ˜umetai stg Cakkij ˜g Bqun ˜ekker, 20 Lai¨ou 1998. Cia tgm Epitqop˜g Karel VAN MIERT L˜ekor tgr Epitqop˜gr