title: SKRIFTLIG FORESPØRGSEL nr. 3562/98 af Klaus LUKAS til Kommissionen. Den Europæiske Udviklingsfond som "malkeko"

eurovoc_concepts:
Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
EDF
EU financing
Lomé Convention
corruption
development aid
dictatorship
humanitarian aid
non-governmental organisation

text: C 182/98 De Europæiske Fællesskabers Tidende DA 28. 6. 1999 (1999/C 182/130) SKRIFTLIG FORESPØRGSEL E-3551/98 af Katerina Daskalaki (UPE) til Kommissionen (1. december 1998) Om: Nye tyrkiske trusler mod Cypern Under et besøg for nylig (den 5. november 1998) på det tyrkisk-besatte område i Nordcypern sagde den tyrkiske ministerpræsident, Mesut Yilmaz, under den fælles pressekonference, han gav sammen med den tyrkisk-cypriotiske leder, Rauf Denktash, at man ville »besvare« en eventuel fortsættelse af tiltrædelsesfor- handlingerne med Cypern med at indlemme det besatte nordcypriotiske områd i Tyrkiet. Kan Kommissionen, der foretager utallige retlige kunststykker for at sikre økonomisk støtte til Tyrkiet fra EU, oplyse, om 3 og i givet fald hvorledes 3 den har til hensigt at reagere på disse trusler? Vil Kommissionen fortsat tillade, at et tredjeland 3 og oven i købet på en sådan måde 3 griber ind i Unionens forhandlinger med en uafhængig demokratisk stat, der er medlem af alle de store internationale organisationer? Svar afgivet på Kommissionens vegne af Hans van den Broek (18. december 1998) Kommissionen er bekendt med de erklæringer, som det ærede medlem nævner. Som det ærede medlem ved, havde Rauf Denktash og præsident Demirel allerede i januar underskrevet en fælleserklæring med henblik på en gradvis integrering af Cyperns nordlige del med Tyrkiet. I juli 1998 underskrev Tyrkiet og øens nordlige del ligeledes en associeringsaftale. I den regelmæssige rapport om Tyrkiets fremskridt i retning af tiltrædelse, som blev vedtaget den 4. november 1998, gav Kommissionen udtryk for sin mening om ovennævnte erklæringer eller foranstaltninger og fastslog, at »de forskellige initiativer, Tyrkiet har taget, er uforenelige med international ret på området, således som det fremgår af De Forenede Nationers relevante resolutioner, som Den Europæiske Union fuldt ud tiltræder«. Disse resolutioner er baseret på oprettelse af en føderation bestående af to områder og to samfund. I det samme dokument giver Kommissionen desuden udtryk for det synspunkt, at »den mæglingsmission, som De Forenede Nationers Generalsekretær udfører med støtte fra Sikkerhedsrådet og Den Europæiske Union, bør støttes aktivt af alle implicerede parter. « Ifølge den forudsete tidsplan er tiltrædelsesforhandlingerne med Cypern gået ind i en konkret fase efter den 10. november 1998. Kommissionen håber, at tyrkisk-cypriotiske repræsentanter vil reagere positivt på den græsk-cypriotiske dels forslag om at deltage i disse forhandlinger. Kommissionen er enig med Rådet i, at fremskridt i retning af tiltrædelse og fremskridt i retning af en retfærdig og holdbar løsning på det cypriotiske problem styrker hinanden. (1999/C 182/131) SKRIFTLIG FORESPØRGSEL E-3562/98 af Klaus Lukas (NI) til Kommissionen (1. december 1998) Om: Den Europæiske Udviklingsfond som »malkeko« Dr. Nikolas Alexandrakis har i sin bog »The Lost Vision« rettet hårde bebrejdelser mod Kommissionens finansielle forvaltning af sin udviklingsstøtte. Efter ordre fra generaldirektøren i GD VIII skulle bl. a. diktatorer have modtaget omfattende støtte gennem Lomé-fonden. Sergent Does blodige styre i Liberia, hvor dr. Alexandrakis var udpeget til Kommissionens delegationsleder, skulle således have modtaget støtte på denne måde. Ifølge forlydender har dr. Alexandrakis gjort tjenestegrenene i Bruxelles (GD VIII) opmærksom på, at Doe-styrets ministre og embedsmænd anså Den Europæiske Udviklingsfond for at være deres personlige malkeko til egen vinding (s. 49). En del af Kommissionens midler til udviklingsprojekter skulle således


title: PERGUNTA ESCRITA n. 3543/98 do Deputado Roberta ANGELILLI à Comissão. Venda da exploração agrícola de Maccarese

eurovoc_concepts:
Italy
agricultural cooperative
cessation of trading
right of pre-emption
sale

formats: html pdf print

text: C 207/86 Jornal Oficial das Comunidades Europeias PT 21. 7. 1999 não considera a Comissão necessário estabelecer um quadro de ajudas específicas para o repovoamento das áreas florestais devastadas pelo fogo? Resposta dada pelo Comissário Franz Fischler em nome da Comissão (8 de Janeiro de 1999) Queira o Senhor Deputado consultar a resposta dada pela Comissão à pergunta escrita E-3579/98 de Sierra González (1) a propósito das acções da Comunidade a favor das regiões sinistradas pelos incêndios florestais. A Comissão estima que os instrumentos mencionados nessa resposta constituem um quadro adequado para as acções em questão. (1) Ver p. 90. (1999/C 207/114) PERGUNTA ESCRITA E-3543/98 apresentada por Roberta Angelilli (NI) à Comissão (1 de Dezembro de 1998) Objecto: Venda da exploração agrícola de Maccarese Existe, nas proximidades de Roma, uma grande exploração agrícola denominada Maccarese, até hoje propriedade da empresa pública Iritecna, exploração essa que será, dentro em breve, posta à venda. Entre as ofertas em apreciação, figura também a do Grupo Benetton, que, ao que se crê, tenciona utilizar a zona para fins publicitários ou, de qualquer modo, para fins não agrícolas. Algumas cooperativas agrícolas locais e os trabalhadores que já operam na propriedade mostraram igualmente interesse na respectiva aquisição, razão pela qual solicitaram a intervenção das autoridades locais, a fim de que possa decidir-se sobre a possibilidade de fazerem valer o direito de perempção. Poderia a Comissão indicar: 1. 2. Se não considera encerrar uma tal cessão o perigo de forte penalização da produção agrícola local, já em dificuldade? Se existem directivas ou documentos que, em casos semelhantes, preconizem o reconhecimento do direito de perempção aos trabalhadores da propriedade, em risco de perderem os respectivos postos de trabalho? 3. Como ajuíza a Comissão, de forma genérica, da questão em referência? Resposta dada por Franz Fischler em nome da Comissão (13 de Janeiro de 1999) De acordo com o seu artigo 222o, o Tratado CE não prejudica em nada os regimes de propriedade dos Estados- -membros. No direito comunitário, nenhuma directiva ou outro acto normativo contém disposições que estabeleçam em favor de cooperativas agrícolas ou de trabalhadores um direito de preempção que eles possam exercer por ocasião da venda da empresa na qual trabalham. Assim, eventuais disposições que criem tal direito na esfera jurídica dos sujeitos acima mencionados, a que o Senhor Deputado faz alusão, relevarão exclusivamente do direito nacional. Consequentemente, a Comissão não poderá impor a aplicação de qualquer disposição que estabeleça um direito de preempção por ocasião da venda da empresa agrícola de Maccarese. De um ponto de vista mais geral, a Comissão não pode emitir um juízo de valor nem, de algum modo, pronunciar-se sobre esta questão na ausência de elementos específicos sobre os quais teria de tomar posição em virtude de disposições jurídicas aplicáveis


title: Proposta de directiva do Conselho relativa a valores- limite para o benzeno e o monóxido de carbono no ar ambiente

eurovoc_concepts:
European Environment Agency
atmospheric pollutant
environmental protection
pollution control
public health

text: C 53/8 PT Jornal Oficial das Comunidades Europeias 24. 2. 1999 II (Actos preparat(cid:246)rios) COMISS]O Proposta de directiva do Conselho relativa a valores(cid:220)limite para o benzeno e o mon(cid:246)xido de carbono no ar ambiente (1999/C 53/07) (Texto relevante para efeitos do EEE) COM(1998) 591 final - 98/0333(SYN) (Apresentada pela Comiss}o em 20 de Janeiro de 1999) O CONSELHO DA UNI]O EUROPEIA, Tendo em conta o Tratado que institui a Comunidade Europeia e, nomeadamente, o n. o 1 do seu artigo 130. oS, Tendo em conta a proposta da Comiss}o, Tendo em conta o parecer do Comit~ Econ(cid:246)mico e Social, Tendo em conta o parecer do Comit~ das Regiøes, Deliberando nos termos do artigo 189. oC do Tratado, em coopera(cid:136)}o com o Parlamento Europeu, (1)(cid:217)Considerando que, com base nos princ(cid:242)pios consig(cid:220) nados no artigo 130. oR do Tratado, o programa da Comunidade Europeia de pol(cid:242)tica e ac(cid:136)}o em mat~(cid:220) ria de ambiente e desenvolvimento sustent‘vel (5. o programa de ac(cid:136)}o em mat~ria de ambiente)(cid:216)(˛) prev(cid:240) em especial altera(cid:136)øes { legisla(cid:136)}o sobre po(cid:220) luentes atmosf~ricos; que o referido programa reco(cid:220) menda o estabelecimento de objectivos a longo prazo em mat~ria de qualidade do ar; que o artigo 130. oR do Tratado exige a aplica(cid:136)}o do princ(cid:242)pio da precau(cid:136)}o para a protec(cid:136)}o da saœde humana e do ambiente; (2)(cid:217)Considerando que o artigo 129. o do Tratado prev(cid:240) que as exig(cid:240)ncias em mat~ria de protec(cid:136)}o da saœde constituem uma componente das demais pol(cid:242)ticas co(cid:220) munit‘rias; que a al(cid:242)nea o) do artigo 3. o do Tratado estabelece que a ac(cid:136)}o da Comunidade implica uma contribui(cid:136)}o para a realiza(cid:136)}o de um elevado n(cid:242)vel de protec(cid:136)}o da saœde; (3)(cid:217)Considerando que, nos termos do n. o 5 do artigo 4. o da Directiva 96/62/CE do Conselho, de 27 de Se(cid:220) tembro de 1996, relativa { avalia(cid:136)}o e gest}o da qua(cid:220) lidade do ar ambiente(cid:216)(ˇ), o Conselho deve adoptar a legisla(cid:136)}o a que se refere o n. o 1, bem como as dis(cid:220) posi(cid:136)øes previstas nos n. os 3 e 4 do mesmo artigo; (4)(cid:217)Considerando que o artigo 8. o da Directiva 96/62/CE prev(cid:240) o desenvolvimento de planos de ac(cid:220) (cid:136)}o para zonas em que a concentra(cid:136)}o de poluentes no ar ambiente exceda os valores(cid:220)limite acrescidos das margens tempor‘rias de toler|ncia aplic‘veis, para garantir a observ|ncia dos valores(cid:220)limite at~ { data ou datas indicadas; (5)(cid:217)Considerando que a Directiva 96/62/CE prev(cid:240) que os valores num~ricos para os valores(cid:220)limite se devem basear nos resultados de trabalhos efectuados por grupos cient(cid:242)ficos internacionais que operam nesse dom(cid:242)nio; que a Comiss}o dever‘ tomar em conside(cid:220) ra(cid:136)}o os dados mais recentes da investiga(cid:136)}o cient(cid:242)(cid:220) fica nos dom(cid:242)nios adequados da epidemiologia e do ambiente, assim como os mais recentes progressos dos m~todos de medi(cid:136)}o para que sejam avaliados os elementos em que se fundamentam os valores(cid:220)limite; (6)(cid:217)Considerando que, para facilitar a revis}o da pre(cid:220) sente directiva, a Comiss}o e os Estados(cid:220)membros dever}o estudar modos de promover a investiga(cid:136)}o sobre os efeitos dos poluentes nela referidos, desig(cid:220) nadamente o benzeno e o mon(cid:246)xido de carbono; (7)(cid:217)Considerando que as t~cnicas normalizadas de medi(cid:220) (cid:136)}o exacta e os crit~rios comuns para a localiza(cid:136)}o das esta(cid:136)øes de medi(cid:136)}o s}o elementos importantes para a avalia(cid:136)}o da qualidade do ar ambiente, a fim de obter informa(cid:136)øes compar‘veis em toda a Comu(cid:220) nidade; (8)(cid:217)Considerando que deve ser facultado ao pœblico um acesso f‘cil a informa(cid:136)øes actualizadas sobre con(cid:220) centra(cid:136)øes de benzeno e de mon(cid:246)xido de carbono no ar ambiente, (˛)(cid:217)JO C 138 de 17. 5. 1993, p. 5. (ˇ)(cid:217)JO L 296 de 21. 11. 1996, p. 55. 24. 2. 1999 PT Jornal Oficial das Comunidades Europeias C 53/9 ADOPTOU A PRESENTE DIRECTIVA: Artigo 1. o Objectivos Os objectivos da presente directiva s}o: a)(cid:217)o estabelecimento de valores(cid:220)limite para as concentra(cid:220) (cid:136)øes de benzeno e de mon(cid:246)xido de carbono no ar ambiente, a fim de evitar, prevenir ou limitar os efei(cid:220) tos nocivos sobre a saœde humana e sobre o ambiente na sua globalidade; b) a avalia(cid:136)}o, com base em m~todos e crit~rios comuns, das concentra(cid:136)øes de benzeno e de mon(cid:246)xido de car(cid:220) bono no ar ambiente; c) a obten(cid:136)}o de informa(cid:136)øes adequadas sobre as con(cid:220) centra(cid:136)øes de benzeno e de mon(cid:246)xido de carbono no ar ambiente e a garantia da sua divulga(cid:136)}o junto do pœblico; d) a manuten(cid:136)}o da qualidade do ar ambiente, quando esta ~ boa, e a sua melhoria nos outros casos, no que diz respeito ao benzeno e ao mon(cid:246)xido de carbono. Artigo 2. o Defini(cid:136)øes S}o aplic‘veis as defini(cid:136)øes constantes do artigo 2. o da Directiva 96/62/CE. Para efeitos da presente directiva, entende(cid:220)se por: 1. (cid:217)(cid:133)Limiar superior de avalia(cid:136)}o(cid:176), o n(cid:242)vel de polui(cid:136)}o, especificado no Anexo III, abaixo do qual pode ser utilizada uma combina(cid:136)}o de medidas e de t~cnicas de modeliza(cid:136)}o para avaliar a qualidade do ar am(cid:220) biente, nos termos do n. o 3 do artigo 6. o da Directiva 96/62/CE; 2. (cid:217)(cid:133)Limiar inferior de avalia(cid:136)}o(cid:176), o n(cid:242)vel de polui(cid:136)}o, es(cid:220) pecificado no Anexo III, abaixo do qual s(cid:246) pode ser utilizada a modeliza(cid:136)}o ou a estimativa objectiva para avaliar a qualidade do ar ambiente, nos termos do n. o 4 do artigo 6. o da Directiva 96/62/CE; 3. (cid:217)(cid:133)Medi(cid:136)øes fixas(cid:176), medi(cid:136)øes efectuadas nos termos do n. o 5 do artigo 6. o da Directiva 96/62/CE. Artigo 3. o Benzeno 1. (cid:218)(cid:217)Os Estados(cid:220)membros adoptar}o as medidas neces(cid:220) s‘rias para garantir que as concentra(cid:136)øes de benzeno no ar ambiente, avaliadas nos termos do artigo 5. o, n}o ex(cid:220) cedam os valores(cid:220)limite estabelecidos no Anexo I. As margens de toler|ncia previstas no Anexo I ser}o aplicadas em conformidade com o disposto no artigo 8. o da Directiva 96/62/CE. 2. (cid:218)(cid:217)Nas zonas e aglomera(cid:136)øes onde os Estados(cid:220)mem(cid:220) bros possam demonstrar que a aplica(cid:136)}o das medidas destinadas a dar cumprimento ao valor(cid:220)limite definido no Anexo I resultaria em problemas socio(cid:220)econ(cid:246)micos graves, a Comiss}o poder‘, em conformidade com o procedimento definido no n. o 2 do artigo 12. o da Direc(cid:220) tiva 96/62/CE, conceder extensøes, limitadas no tempo, do prazo para o cumprimento desse valor(cid:220)limite, at~ um m‘ximo de cinco anos. Artigo 4. o Mon(cid:246)xido de carbono Os Estados(cid:220)membros adoptar}o as medidas necess‘rias para garantir que as concentra(cid:136)øes de mon(cid:246)xido de car(cid:220) bono no ar ambiente, avaliadas nos termos do artigo 5. o, n}o excedam os valores(cid:220)limite estabelecidos no Anexo I. As margens de toler|ncia previstas no Anexo II ser}o aplicadas em conformidade com o disposto no artigo 8. o da Directiva 96/62/CE. Artigo 5. o Avalia(cid:136)}o das concentra(cid:136)øes 1. (cid:218)(cid:217)Os limares superior e inferior de avalia(cid:136)}o do ben(cid:220) zeno e do mon(cid:246)xido de carbono para efeitos do artigo 6. o da Directiva 96/62/CE constam da Sec(cid:136)}o I do Anexo III. A classifica(cid:136)}o de cada zona ou aglomera(cid:136)}o para efei(cid:220) tos do referido artigo 6. o ser‘ revista, pelo menos de 5 em 5 anos, nos termos da Sec(cid:136)}o II do Anexo III. Essa classifica(cid:136)}o ser‘ revista mais cedo no caso de altera(cid:136)øes significativas das actividades relevantes para as concen(cid:220) tra(cid:136)øes de benzeno e de mon(cid:246)xido de carbono. 2. (cid:218)(cid:217)O Anexo IV estabelece os crit~rios de escolha da localiza(cid:136)}o dos pontos de amostragem para medi(cid:136)}o dos n(cid:242)veis de benzeno e de mon(cid:246)xido de carbono. O Anexo V define o nœmero m(cid:242)nimo de pontos de amostragem para medi(cid:136)øes fixas das concentra(cid:136)øes de cada poluente; esses pontos de amostragem devem ser instalados nas zo(cid:220) nas ou aglomera(cid:136)øes em que s}o exigidas medi(cid:136)øes, se a medi(cid:136)}o fixa for a œnica fonte de dados sobre concentra(cid:220) (cid:136)øes nessas zonas. 3. (cid:218)(cid:217)Nas zonas e aglomera(cid:136)øes nas quais as informa(cid:136)øes recolhidas a partir de esta(cid:136)øes de medi(cid:136)}o fixa forem complementadas por dados proventientes de outras fon(cid:220) tes, como registos de taxas de emiss}o, m~todos de ava(cid:220) lia(cid:136)}o de refer(cid:240)ncia e modeliza(cid:136)}o da qualidade do ar, o nœmero de esta(cid:136)øes de medi(cid:136)}o fixa a instalar, bem como a resolu(cid:136)}o espacial de outras t~cnicas, dever}o permitir medir as concentra(cid:136)øes de poluentes atmosf~ri(cid:220) cos nos termos da Sec(cid:136)}o I do Anexo IV e da Sec(cid:136)}o I do Anexo VI. C 53/10 PT Jornal Oficial das Comunidades Europeias 24. 2. 1999 4. (cid:218)(cid:217)Nas zonas e aglomera(cid:136)øes em que n}o s}o exigidas medi(cid:136)øes, podem ser utilizadas t~cnicas de modeliza(cid:136)}o ou de estimativa objectiva. Artigo 7. o Relat(cid:246)rio 5. (cid:218)(cid:217)Os m~todos de refer(cid:240)ncia a utilizar na an‘lise dos n(cid:242)veis de benzeno e de mon(cid:246)xido de carbono constam das Sec(cid:136)øes I e II do Anexo VII. As t~cnicas de refer(cid:240)n(cid:220) cia para a modeliza(cid:136)}o da qualidade do ar constam da Sec(cid:136)}o III do Anexo VII. 6. (cid:218)(cid:217)Os Estados(cid:220)membros comunicar}o { Comiss}o os m~todos utilizados na avalia(cid:136)}o preliminar da qualidade do ar, nos termos do n. o 1, al(cid:242)nea d), do artigo 11. o da Directiva 96/62/CE na data fixada no artigo 9. o. 7. (cid:218)(cid:217)Quaisquer altera(cid:136)øes necess‘rias para adaptar o presente artigo e os Anexos III a VII ao progresso t~c(cid:220) nico e cient(cid:242)fico ser}o adoptadas nos termos do artigo 12. o da Directiva 96/62/CE. Artigo 6. o Informa(cid:136)}o do pœblico 1. (cid:218)(cid:217)Os Estados(cid:220)membros garantir}o que sejam regula(cid:220) mente facultadas ao pœblico e {s organiza(cid:136)øes competen(cid:220) tes neste dom(cid:242)nio, como as organiza(cid:136)øes de defesa do ambiente, organiza(cid:136)øes de defesa do consumidor, orga(cid:220) niza(cid:136)øes que representam os interesses das popula(cid:136)øes mais vulner‘veis e outros organismos competentes em mat~ria de protec(cid:136)}o da saœde, informa(cid:136)øes actualizadas sobre os n(cid:242)veis ambientais de benzeno e de mon(cid:246)xido de carbono, atrav~s, por exemplo, da r‘dio, da imprensa, de pain~is de informa(cid:136)}o ou dos servi(cid:136)os das redes inform‘(cid:220) ticas. As informa(cid:136)øes sobre as concentra(cid:136)øes de benzeno e de mon(cid:246)xido de carbono dever}o ser actualizadas pelo me(cid:220) nos diariamente. Essas informa(cid:136)øes incluir}o pelo menos todos os casos em que as concentra(cid:136)øes excedam os valores(cid:220)limite nos per(cid:242)odos de amostragem especificados nos Anexos I e II, bem como uma breve avalia(cid:136)}o relativa aos valores(cid:220)limite e informa(cid:136)øes adequadas quanto aos efeitos sobre a saœde. 1. (cid:218)(cid:217)O mais tardar em 31 de Dezembro de 2004, a Co(cid:220) miss}o apresentar‘ ao Parlamento Europeu e ao Conse(cid:220) lho um relat(cid:246)rio sobre a experi(cid:240)ncia adquirida com a aplica(cid:136)}o da presente directiva e, designadamente, sobre os resultados dos trabalhos de investiga(cid:136)}o cient(cid:242)fica mais recentes acerca dos efeitos na saœde humana e nos ecossistemas da exposi(cid:136)}o ao benzeno e ao mon(cid:246)xido de carbono, bem como sobre o progresso tecnol(cid:246)gico, in(cid:220) cluindo o desenvolvimento dos m~todos de medi(cid:136)}o e de outros tipos de avalia(cid:136)}o das concentra(cid:136)øes de benzeno e de mon(cid:246)xido de carbono no ar ambiente. 2. (cid:218)(cid:217)O relat(cid:246)rio ser‘ apresentado como parte integrante de uma estrat~gia de qualidade do ar, concebida de forma a rever e a propor objectivos de qualidade do ar a n(cid:242)vel comunit‘rio e a desenvolver estrat~gias que garan(cid:220) tam o cumprimento desses objectivos. Essa estrat~gia to(cid:220) mar‘ em considera(cid:136)}o: a)(cid:217)A aplica(cid:136)}o dos requisitos j‘ existentes em rela(cid:136)}o { qualidade do ar, { acidifica(cid:136)}o e { eutrofiza(cid:136)}o, in(cid:220) cluindo os progressos conseguidos no que respeita { aplica(cid:136)}o dos valores(cid:220)limite e dos valores(cid:220)alvo defini(cid:220) dos em conformidade com o artigo 4. o da Directiva 96/62/CE; b) O transporte da polui(cid:136)}o atrav~s das fronteiras nacio(cid:220) nais; c) A necessidade de novos objectivos ou de objectivos revistos no que respeita { qualidade do ar, { acidifica(cid:220) (cid:136)}o e { eutrofiza(cid:136)}o; d) A qualidade actual do ar e as respectivas tend(cid:240)ncias at~ e depois do ano 2010; e) As significativas possibilidades de maior redu(cid:136)}o das emissøes poluentes de todas as fontes mais relevantes, em fun(cid:136)}o da sua viabilidade t~cnica e da sua rela(cid:136)}o custo/efic‘cia; f) As rela(cid:136)øes entre os poluentes e as oportunidades de aplica(cid:136)}o de estrat~gias combinadas para a realiza(cid:136)}o dos objectivos comunit‘rios de qualidade do ar e ou(cid:220) tros relacionados; g) As exig(cid:240)ncias actuais e futuras no que respeita { in(cid:220) forma(cid:136)}o do pœblico e ao interc|mbio de informa(cid:136)øes entre os Estados(cid:220)membros e a Comiss}o; 2. (cid:218)(cid:217)Ao divulgarem publicamente os planos ou progra(cid:220) mas nos termos do n. o 3 do artigo 8. o da Directiva 96/62/CE, os Estados(cid:220)membros comunic‘(cid:220)los(cid:220)}o igual(cid:220) mente {s organiza(cid:136)øes referidas no n. o 1. h) A experi(cid:240)ncia adquirida com a aplica(cid:136)}o da presente directiva nos Estados(cid:220)membros, incluindo, em parti(cid:220) cular, as condi(cid:136)øes, previstas no Anexo IV, em que se efectuaram as medi(cid:136)øes. 3. (cid:218)(cid:217)As informa(cid:136)øes divulgadas ao pœblico e {s organi(cid:220) za(cid:136)øes nos termos dos n. o 1 e 2 do presente artigo devem ser claras, compreens(cid:242)veis e acess(cid:242)veis. 3. (cid:218)(cid:217)A fim de manter um elevado n(cid:242)vel de protec(cid:136)}o da saœde humana e do ambiente, esse relat(cid:246)rio ser‘ acom(cid:220) panhado, se necess‘rio, de propostas de altera(cid:136)}o da presente directiva. A Comiss}o dever‘ propor, nomeada(cid:220) 24. 2. 1999 PT Jornal Oficial das Comunidades Europeias C 53/11 mente, um limite absoluto para a dura(cid:136)}o de qualquer nova extens}o do calend‘rio de cumprimento do valor(cid:220) (cid:220)limite para o benzeno no Anexo I, acordada nos termos do n. o 2 do artigo 3. o. Artigo 8. o San(cid:136)øes Os Estados(cid:220)membros determinar}o as san(cid:136)øes aplic‘veis {s viola(cid:136)øes das disposi(cid:136)øes nacionais adoptadas em exe(cid:220) cu(cid:136)}o da presente directiva. Essas san(cid:136)øes ser}o efecti(cid:220) vas, proporcionais e dissuasivas. Quando os Estados(cid:220)membros adoptarem essas disposi(cid:220) (cid:136)øes, estas devem incluir uma refer(cid:240)ncia { presente direc(cid:220) tiva ou ser acompanhadas dessa refer(cid:240)ncia na publica(cid:136)}o oficial. As modalidades dessa refer(cid:240)ncia ser}o adoptadas pelos Estados(cid:220)membros. 2. (cid:218)(cid:217)Os Estados(cid:220)membros comunicar}o { Comiss}o o texto das principais disposi(cid:136)øes de direito interno que adoptarem nas mat~rias reguladas pela presente directiva. Artigo 10. o Entrada em vigor Artigo 9. o Aplica(cid:136)}o A presente directiva entra em vigor no vig~simo dia seguinte ao da sua publica(cid:136)}o no Jornal Oficial das Comunidades Europeias. 1. (cid:218)(cid:217)Os Estados(cid:220)membros colocar}o em vigor as dispo(cid:220) si(cid:136)øes legislativas, regulamentares e administrativas ne(cid:220) cess‘rias para dar cumprimento { presente directiva o mais tardar em 31 de Dezambro de 2001. Do facto in(cid:220) formar}o imediatamente a Comiss}o. Artigo 11. o Destinat‘rios Os Estados(cid:220)membros s}o os destinat‘rios da presente di(cid:220) rectiva. ANEXO I VALOR(cid:220)LIMITE PARA O BENZENO Os valores(cid:220)limite ser}o expressos em mg/m3. O volume deve ser normalizado { temperatura de 293(cid:216)K e { press}o de 101,3(cid:216)kPa. Per(cid:242)odo de amostragem Valor(cid:220)limite Margem de toler|ncia Valor(cid:220)limite para protec(cid:136)}o da saœde humana 1 Ano civil 5 (cid:216)mg/m3 5 (cid:216)mg/m3 (100(cid:216)%) na data de entrada em vigor da presente directiva, reduzindo em 1 de Janeiro de 2003, e no final de cada per(cid:242)odo de 12 meses subsequente, a percentagem anual necess‘ria para atingir 0(cid:216)% em 1 de Janeiro de 2010 Data de cumprimento do valor(cid:220)limite 1 de Janeiro de 2010(cid:216)(˛) (˛)(cid:217)Com excep(cid:136)}o das zonas ou aglomera(cid:136)øes abrangidas por uma eventual extens}o do prazo concedida nos termos do n. o 2 do artigo 3. o. ANEXO II VALOR(cid:220)LIMITE PARA O MONŁXIDO DE CARBONO Os valores(cid:220)limite ser}o expressos em mg/m3. O volume deve ser normalizado { temperatura de 293(cid:216)K e { press}o de 101,3(cid:216)kPa. Per(cid:242)odo de amostragem Valor(cid:220)limite Margem de toler|ncia Valor(cid:220)limite para protec(cid:136)}o da saœde humana 8 horas (per(cid:242)odos conse(cid:220) cutivos) 10 mg/m3 5 mg/m3 (50(cid:216)%) na data de entrada em vigor da presente directiva, reduzindo em 1 de Janeiro de 2003, e no final de cada per(cid:242)odo de 12 meses subsequente, a percentagem anual necess‘ria para ati(cid:220) gir 0(cid:216)% em 1 de Janeiro de 2005 Data de cumprimento do valor(cid:220)limite 1 de Janeiro de 2005 C 53/12 PT Jornal Oficial das Comunidades Europeias 24. 2. 1999 ANEXO III DETERMINA(cid:137)]O DOS REQUISITOS DE AVALIA(cid:137)]O DAS CONCENTRA(cid:137)ºES DE DIŁXIDO DE BENZENO E DE MONŁXIDO DE CARBONO NO AR AMBIENTE NUMA ZONA OU AGLOMERA(cid:137)]O I. (cid:217)Limiares superiores e limiares inferiores de avalia(cid:136)}o Ser}o aplicados os seguintes limiares superiores e inferiores de avalia(cid:136)}o: a) Benzeno Limiar superior de avalia(cid:136)}o 70(cid:216)% do valor(cid:220)limite (3,5 mg/m3) Limiar inferior de avalia(cid:136)}o 40(cid:216)% do valor(cid:220)limite (2 mg/m3) M~dia anual b) Mon(cid:246)xido de carbono Limiar superior de avalia(cid:136)}o 70(cid:216)% do valor(cid:220)limite (7 mg/m3) Limiar inferior de avalia(cid:136)}o 50(cid:216)% do valor(cid:220)limite (5 mg/m3) M~dia por per(cid:242)odo de 8 horas II. (cid:217)Determina(cid:136)}o da supera(cid:136)}o do limiar superior e do limiar inferior de avalia(cid:136)}o A supera(cid:136)}o dos limiares superiores e inferiores de avalia(cid:136)}o ser‘ determinada com base nas concentra(cid:136)øes registadas durante os œltimos cinco anos, desde que existam dados suficientes. Considera(cid:220)se que foi exce(cid:220) dido um limiar de avalia(cid:136)}o quando o nœmero total de supera(cid:136)øes da concentra(cid:136)}o num~rica do limiar, durante esses cinco anos, for tr(cid:240)s vezes superior ao nœmero de supera(cid:136)øes anualmente permitidas. Quando os dados dispon(cid:242)veis forem referentes a um per(cid:242)odo inferior a cinco anos, os Estados(cid:220)membros podem conjugar a realiza(cid:136)}o de campanhas de medi(cid:136)}o de curta dura(cid:136)}o, durante o per(cid:242)odo do ano e em locais que possam ser representativos dos n(cid:242)veis de polui(cid:136)}o mais elevados, com resultados obtidos a partir de registos de taxas de emiss}o da modeliza(cid:136)}o, de modo a determinar a supera(cid:136)}o dos limiares superiores e inferiores de avalia(cid:136)}o. ANEXO IV LOCALIZA(cid:137)]O DOS PONTOS DE AMOSTRAGEM PARA A MEDI(cid:137)]O DAS CONCENTRA(cid:220) (cid:137)ºES DE BENZENO E DE MONŁXIDO DE CARBONO NO AR AMBIENTE As seguintes considera(cid:136)øes s}o aplic‘veis a processos de medi(cid:136)}o fixos. I. (cid:217)Localiza(cid:136)}o em macroescala Os pontos de amostragem destinados { protec(cid:136)}o da saœde humana devem ser instalados: i) de modo a fornecer dados em ‘reas, dentro das zonas e aglomera(cid:136)øes, nas quais ~ prov‘vel que a popula(cid:136)}o esteja directa ou indirectamente exposta aos n(cid:242)veis mais elevados durante um per(cid:242)odo signifi(cid:220) vativo em rela(cid:136)}o ao per(cid:242)odo de amostragem do(s) valor(es)(cid:220)limite; 24. 2. 1999 PT Jornal Oficial das Comunidades Europeias C 53/13 ii)(cid:217)de modo a fornecer dados sobre os n(cid:242)veis em outras ‘reas, dentro das zonas e aglomera(cid:136)øes, que sejam representativas da exposi(cid:136)}o da popula(cid:136)}o em geral. De um modo geral, os pontos de amostragem devem estar localizados de modo a evitar medir micro(cid:220)am(cid:220) bientes de muito pequena dimens}o na sua proximidade imediata. A t(cid:242)tulo de orienta(cid:136)}o, um ponto de amostragem deve ter uma localiza(cid:136)}o que o torne representativo da qualidade do ar numa ‘rea circundante de pelo menos 200(cid:216)m2, nos locais dirigidos para o tr‘fego, e de v‘rios quil(cid:246)metros quadrados, nos locais situados em meio urbano. Os pontos de amostragem dever}o, se poss(cid:242)vel, ser igualmente representativos de locais similares n}o situa(cid:220) dos na sua proximidade imediata. Dever‘ ser tomada em conta a conveni(cid:240)ncia de localizar pontos de amostragem nas ilhas, sempre que tal for necess‘rio para a protec(cid:136)}o da saœde humana. II. (cid:217)Localiza(cid:136)}o em microescala No m(cid:242)nimo, devem ser cumpridas, tanto quanto poss(cid:242)vel, as seguintes orienta(cid:136)øes: -(cid:217)o fluxo de ar em torno da entrada da sonda de amostragem deve estar livre de eventuais obstru(cid:136)øes que possam afectar o fluxo de ar na proximidade do dispositivo de amostragem (normalmente, a alguns metros de dist|ncia de edif(cid:242)cios, varandas, ‘rvores e outros obst‘culos e, no m(cid:242)nimo, a 0,5 metros do edif(cid:242)cio mais pr(cid:246)ximo, no caso de pontos de amostragem representativos da qualidade do ar na linha de edifica(cid:136)}o); -(cid:217)em geral, a entrada da sonda deve estar a uma dist|ncia entre 1,5(cid:216)m (zona de admiss}o) e 4(cid:216)m do solo. Poder‘ ser necess‘rio, nalguns casos, instal‘(cid:220)la em posi(cid:136)øes mais elevadas (at~ cerca de 8(cid:216)m). A locali(cid:220) za(cid:136)}o em posi(cid:136)øes mais elevadas pode tamb~m ser apropriada, se a esta(cid:136)}o for representativa de uma ‘rea vasta; -(cid:217)a entrada da sonda n}o deve ser posicionada na imediata proximidade de fontes, para evitar a admiss}o directa de emissøes n}o misturadas com o ar ambiente; -(cid:217)o exaustor da sonda de amostragem deve ser posicionado de modo a evitar a recircula(cid:136)}o do ar expe(cid:220) lido para a entrada da sonda; -(cid:217)localiza(cid:136)}o dos dispositivos de amostragem orientados para o tr‘fego: -(cid:217)em rela(cid:136)}o a todos os poluentes, os pontos de amostragem devem ser instalados a uma dist|ncia m(cid:242)nima de 25 metros da berma dos principais cruzamentos e de 4(cid:216)m do centro da faixa de rodagem mais pr(cid:246)xima; -(cid:217)para o mon(cid:246)xido de carbono, as entradas das sondas devem ser instaladas a menos de 5 metros da berma; -(cid:217)para o benzeno, as entradas das sondas devem ser instaladas de modo a que a amostragem seja representativa da qualidade do ar na proximidade da linha de edifica(cid:136)}o. Podem igualmente ser tidos em conta os seguintes factores: -(cid:217)fontes de interfer(cid:240)ncia; -(cid:217)seguran(cid:136)a; -(cid:217)acessibilidade; -(cid:217)exist(cid:240)ncia de fontes de energia el~ctrica e comunica(cid:136)øes telef(cid:246)nicas; -(cid:217)visibilidade do local em rela(cid:136)}o { ‘rea envolvente; -(cid:217)seguran(cid:136)a do pœblico e dos operadores; -(cid:217)conveni(cid:240)ncia de instalar pontos de amostragem para diferentes poluentes; -(cid:217)requisitos de planeamento. III. (cid:217)Documenta(cid:136)}o e revis}o da selec(cid:136)}o dos locais Os procedimentos de selec(cid:136)}o dos locais devem ser devidamente documentados na fase de classifica(cid:136)}o, utilizando meios como fotografias com as coordenadas da ‘rea envolvente e um mapa pormenorizado. Os locais devem ser reavaliados periodicamente, com base em nova documenta(cid:136)}o, para garantir que os crit~(cid:220) rios de selec(cid:136)}o continuam a ser v‘lidos ao longo do tempo. C 53/14 PT Jornal Oficial das Comunidades Europeias 24. 2. 1999 ANEXO V CRIT^RIOS PARA DETERMINA(cid:137)]O DO N(cid:236)MERO M(cid:228)NIMO DE PONTOS DE AMOSTRAGEM PARA A MEDI(cid:137)]O FIXA DAS CONCENTRA(cid:137)ºES DE BENZENO E DE MONŁXIDO DE CAR(cid:220) BONO NO AR AMBIENTE Nœmero m(cid:242)nimo de pontos de amostragem para medi(cid:136)}o fixa destinada a avaliar o cumprimento dos valo(cid:220) res(cid:220)limite de protec(cid:136)}o da saœde humana e dos limiares de alerta em zonas e aglomera(cid:136)øes, quando a medi(cid:220) (cid:136)}o fixa constitui a œnica fonte de informa(cid:136)}o a) Fontes difusas Popula(cid:136)}o da zona ou aglomera(cid:136)}o (em milhares) Para concentra(cid:136)øes que ultrapassem o limiar superior de avalia(cid:136)}o Para concentra(cid:136)øes m‘ximas compreendidas entre o limiar superior e o limiar inferior de avalia(cid:136)}o 0(cid:220)250 250(cid:220)499 500(cid:220)749 750(cid:220)999 1(cid:216)000(cid:220)1(cid:216)499 1(cid:216)500(cid:220)1(cid:216)999 2(cid:216)000(cid:220)2(cid:216)749 2(cid:216)750(cid:220)3(cid:216)749 3(cid:216)750(cid:220)4(cid:216)749 4(cid:216)750(cid:220)5(cid:216)999 r 6(cid:216)000 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 b) Fontes pontuais Para avaliar os n(cid:242)veis de polui(cid:136)}o na proximidade de fontes pontuais, o nœmero de pontos de amostra(cid:220) gem para medi(cid:136)}o fixa dever‘ ser calculado tendo em conta as densidades de emiss}o, os padrøes de distribui(cid:136)}o mais prov‘veis da polui(cid:136)}o no ar ambiente e a potencial exposi(cid:136)}o da popula(cid:136)}o. 24. 2. 1999 PT Jornal Oficial das Comunidades Europeias C 53/15 ANEXO VI OBJECTIVOS DE QUALIDADE DOS DADOS E REGISTO DOS RESULTADOS DO PROCESSO DE AVALIA(cid:137)]O DA QUALIDADE DO AR I. (cid:217)Objectivos de qualidade dos dados Os seguintes objectivos de qualidade dos dados, relativos { precis}o dos m~todos de avalia(cid:136)}o, ao per(cid:242)odo m(cid:242)nimo de amostragem e { recolha de dados a partir das medi(cid:136)øes, s}o fornecidos como linhas de orienta(cid:220) (cid:136)}o para os programas de controlo de qualidade. Medi(cid:136)}o cont(cid:242)nua Exactid}o Taxa m(cid:242)nima de recolha de dados Medi(cid:136)}o de refer(cid:240)ncia Exactid}o Nœmero m(cid:242)nimo de dados a recolher Per(cid:242)odo m(cid:242)nimo de amostragem Benzeno Mon(cid:246)xido de carbono 25(cid:216)% 90(cid:216)% 30(cid:216)% 15(cid:216)% 90(cid:216)% 25(cid:216)% 90(cid:216)% 14(cid:216)% (uma medi(cid:136)}o por se(cid:220) mana de modo aleat(cid:246)rio, distri(cid:220) bu(cid:242)da equitativamente ao longo do ano, ou de 8 em 8 semanas, distribu(cid:242)das equitativamente ao longo do ano) 90(cid:216)% 14(cid:216)% (uma medi(cid:136)}o por se(cid:220) mana de modo aleat(cid:246)rio, distri(cid:220) bu(cid:242)da equitativamente ao longo do ano, ou de 8 em 8 semanas, distribu(cid:242)das equitativamente ao longo do ano) Modeliza(cid:136)}o Exactid}o: M~dias por per(cid:242)odo de 8 horas M~dias anuais Estimativa dos objectivos Exactid}o - 50(cid:216)% 100(cid:216)% 50(cid:216)% - 75(cid:216)% A exactid}o da medi(cid:136)}o ~ definida como estipulado no (cid:133)Guia para a Express}o da Margem de Erro das Medi(cid:136)øes(cid:176) (ISO 1993), ou na ISO 5725(cid:220)1 (cid:133)Exactid}o (Justeza e Precis}o) dos M~todos e Resultados da Medi(cid:136)}o(cid:176) (1994). As percentagens constantes do quadro s}o fornecidas para cada uma das medi(cid:136)øes, de(cid:220) terminadas para o per(cid:242)odo considerado pelo valor(cid:220)limite, com um intervalo de confian(cid:136)a de 95(cid:216)% (erro sistem‘tico + o dobro do desvio(cid:220)padr}o). A exactid}o das medi(cid:136)øes cont(cid:242)nuas dever‘ ser interpretada como aplic‘vel na regi}o do valor(cid:220)limite adequado. A exactid}o da modeliza(cid:136)}o e da estimativa objectiva ~ definida como o desvio m‘ximo dos n(cid:242)veis de concentra(cid:136)}o medidos e calculados durante o per(cid:242)odo considerado pelo valor(cid:220)limite, sem ter em conta a sequ(cid:240)ncia dos acontecimentos. Os requisitos para o nœmero m(cid:242)nimo de dados a recolher e o per(cid:242)odo de amostragem n}o incluem as perdas de informa(cid:136)}o decorrentes da calibragem regular ou da manuten(cid:136)}o normal dos instrumentos. II. (cid:217)Resultados da avalia(cid:136)}o da qualidade do ar As seguintes informa(cid:136)øes devem ser recolhidas nas zonas e aglomera(cid:136)øes em que forem usadas outras fontes para al~m da medi(cid:136)}o para completar os dados obtidos por esta ou como o œnico processo de avalia(cid:136)}o da qualidade do ar: -(cid:217)uma descri(cid:136)}o das actividades de avalia(cid:136)}o levadas a cabo; -(cid:217)os m~todos espec(cid:242)ficos utilizados, acompanhados de refer(cid:240)ncias a descri(cid:136)øes dos mesmos; C 53/16 PT Jornal Oficial das Comunidades Europeias 24. 2. 1999 -(cid:217)fontes dos dados e das informa(cid:136)øes; -(cid:217)uma descri(cid:136)}o dos resultados, incluindo o grau de exactid}o e, em especial, a extens}o de todas as ‘reas ou, se necess‘rio, o comprimento da estrada dentro da zona ou aglomera(cid:136)}o em que as concen(cid:220) tra(cid:136)øes ultrapassam o(s) valor(es)(cid:220)limite ou, se for caso disso, o(s) valor(es)(cid:220)limite acrescido(s) da(s) respectiva(s) margem(ns) de toler|ncia, bem como de todas as ‘reas em que as concentra(cid:136)øes ultrapas(cid:220) sem o limiar superior ou o limiar inferior de avalia(cid:136)}o; -(cid:217)para os valores(cid:220)limite que t(cid:240)m como objectivo a protec(cid:136)}o da saœde humana, a popula(cid:136)}o potencial(cid:220) mente exposta a concentra(cid:136)øes que excedam o valor(cid:220)limite. Sempre que poss(cid:242)vel, os Estados(cid:220)membros devem elaborar mapas das distribui(cid:136)øes das concentra(cid:136)øes den(cid:220) tro de cada zona e aglomera(cid:136)}o. III. Normaliza(cid:136)}o No caso do benzeno e do mon(cid:246)xido de carbono, o volume deve ser normalizado { temperatura de 293(cid:216)K e { press}o de 101,3(cid:216)kPa. ANEXO VII M^TODOS DE REFER(cid:226)NCIA PARA AVALIA(cid:137)]O DAS CONCENTRA(cid:137)ºES DE BENZENO E DE MONŁXIDO DE CARBONO I. (cid:217)M~todo de refer(cid:240)ncia para a amostragem/an‘lise do benzeno O m~todo de refer(cid:240)ncia para a medi(cid:136)}o do benzeno ser‘ a amostragem de ar canalizado por uma bomba e passado por um m(cid:246)dulo de adsors}o, seguida de determina(cid:136)}o da concentra(cid:136)}o por cromatografia de g‘s, actualmente a ser desenvolvido pelo CEN. Na aus(cid:240)ncia de um m~todo CEN normalizado, os Estados(cid:220) (cid:220)membros ficam autorizados a utilizar m~todos normalizados nacionais com base no mesmo m~todo de medi(cid:136)}o. Os Estados(cid:220)membros poder}o utilizar qualquer outro m~todo cujos resultados demonstrem ser equivalentes ao m~todo acima referido. II. (cid:217)M~todo de refer(cid:240)ncia da an‘lise do mon(cid:246)xido de carbono O m~todo de refer(cid:240)ncia para a medi(cid:136)}o do mon(cid:246)xido de carbono ser‘ o m~todo de espectroscopia de infravermelhos sem dispers}o (NDIR), que se encontra actualmente em processo de normaliza(cid:136)}o por parte do CEN. Na aus(cid:240)ncia de um m~todo CEN normalizado, os Estados(cid:220)membros ficam autorizados a utilizar m~todos normalizados nacionais com base no mesmo m~todo de medi(cid:136)}o. Os Estados(cid:220)membros poder}o utilizar qualquer outro m~todo cujos resultados demonstrem ser equivalentes ao m~todo acima referido. III. (cid:217)T~cnicas de modeliza(cid:136)}o de refer(cid:240)ncia As t~cnicas de modeliza(cid:136)}o de refer(cid:240)ncia n}o podem ser actualmente especificadas


title: Guideline of the European Central Bank of 1 December 1998 on the statistical reporting requirements of the European Central Bank in the field of balance of payments and international investment position statistics (ECB/1998/17)

eurovoc_concepts:
EU statistics
European Central Bank
balance of payments
financial statistics
foreign market

text: 4. 5. 1999 EN Official Journal of the European Communities L 115/47 II (Acts whose publication is not obligatory) EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK GUIDELINE OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK of 1 December 1998 on the statistical reporting requirements of the European Central Bank in the field of balance of payments and international investment position statistics (ECB/1998/17) (1999/294/EC) THE GOVERNING COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK, Having regard to the Statute of the European System of Central Banks and of the European Central Bank (herein- after referred to as the ‘Statute') and in particular to Articles 5. 1, 12. 1 and 14. 3 thereof, (1) Whereas, for the fulfilment of its tasks, the Euro- pean System of Central Banks (ESCB) needs to compile comprehensive and reliable monthly, quarterly and annual balance of payments statistics and annual international investment position statis- tics showing the main items affecting monetary conditions and exchange markets in the partici- pating Member States, when the latter are seen as one economic territory; to collect either (2) Whereas the Statute requires the European Central Bank (ECB), assisted by the national central banks (NCBs), from the competent national authorities or directly from economic agents the statistical information necessary in order for it to undertake the tasks of the ESCB; whereas Article 5. 2 of the Statute stipulates that the NCBs shall carry out, to the extent possible, the tasks described in Article 5. 1 of the Statute; (3) Whereas, as stipulated in recital 12 of the Council Regulation (EC) No 2533/98 of 23 November 1998 concerning the collection of statistical information by the European Central Bank, in the early years of the single currency area cost-effectiveness may require the ECB’s statistical reporting requirements to be satisfied through transitional procedures due to existing constraints on the collection systems; whereas this may imply in particular that, in the case of the financial account of the balance of payments, data on cross-border positions or trans- actions of the participating Member States seen as one economic territory may be compiled using all positions or transactions between residents of a participating Member State and residents of other countries; (4) Whereas the present data on positions and transac- tions in the assets and/or liabilities of residents of participating Member States vis-(cid:133)-vis residents of other participating Member States will continue to be reported after the start of Stage III of Economic and Monetary Union in accordance with national requirements or established practices; whereas this information is necessary, in the early years of the single currency area, for the fulfilment of the ECB’s statistical this does not create an additional reporting burden on the reporting population; requirements; whereas (5) Whereas in some Member States, according to established national practices, the actual reporting population does not report to the NCB but to another competent national statistical authority; whereas, in order to meet the statistical require- ments of the ECB, the NCBs of these Member States and the other competent national statistical authorities shall cooperate with each other as laid the European down in the recommendation of L 115/48 EN Official Journal of the European Communities 4. 5. 1999 Central Bank of 1 December 1998 on the statistical reporting requirements of the European Central Bank in the field of balance of payments and inter- national (ECB/ investment position statistics 1998/NP21); (6) Whereas the transmission from the NCBs to the ECB of confidential statistical information shall take place to the extent and in the detail necessary for the exercise of the tasks of the ESCB; whereas the confidentiality regime is laid down in Article 8 of Council Regulation (EC) No 2533/98; (7) Whereas, in accordance with Articles 12. 1 and 14. 3 of the Statute, ECB guidelines form an integral part of Community law, HAS ADOPTED THIS GUIDELINE: Article 1 Definitions For the purposes of this guideline: (cid:190) ‘participating Member State' shall mean a Member State which has adopted the single currency in accordance with the Treaty, (cid:190) ‘resident' and ‘residing' shall mean having a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of a country, as described in Annex A to the Council Regulation (EC) No 2533/98, liabilities (cid:190) ‘cross-border transaction' shall mean any transaction that creates or redeems, in full or in part, claims or debts or any transaction that implies the transfer of a right over an object between residents of participating Member States seen as one economic territory and residents of non-participating Member States and/or residents of third countries. ‘Cross-border positions' shall mean the stock of financial claims on and finan- cial to residents of non-participating Member States and/or residents of third countries. Cross-border positions also encompass land, other real property and other immovable assets physically located outside the economic territory of the partici- pating Member States and owned by residents of participating Member States and/or located inside the economic territory of the participating Member States and owned by residents of non-participating Member States and monetary gold and special drawing rights (SDRs) owned by residents of participating Member States. However, until 31 December 2005, to the extent necessary for the compilation of the direct and port- folio investment accounts and the investment income account within balance of payments and international investment position statistics covering the economic territory of the participating Member States, the terms ‘cross-border positions' and ‘cross-border transactions' third countries; residents of and/or also comprise positions and transactions in the assets and/or liabilities of residents of participating Member States residents of other participating vis-(cid:133)-vis Member States, (cid:190) ‘balance of payments' shall mean the statistical state- ment that reports with the appropriate breakdown cross-border transactions during the monthly, quar- terly or annual calendar period under review, (cid:190) ‘international investment position' shall mean the the stock of cross-border annual balance sheet of financial assets and liabilities at a reference date. Article 2 Statistical obligations of the NCBs The NCBs shall make available to the ECB the 1. cross-border positions and the cross-border transactions necessary to enable the ECB to compile the aggregated balance of payments and international investment posi- tion of the participating Member States. the economic territory of 2. The required statistical information shall be made available to the ECB as laid down in Annexes I, II and III to this guideline, which conform to current international standards, notably the fifth edition of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5). The required statistical information shall be made 3. available on the balance of payments for monthly, quar- terly and annual calendar periods and on the international investment position as at the end of the calendar year under review. Article 3 Timeliness 1. Key items in the monthly balance of payments of the economic territory of the participating Member States shall be made available to the ECB by the close of busi- ness on the 30th working day following the end of the month to which the data relate. 2. The quarterly detailed breakdown for the balance of payments of the economic territory of the participating Member States shall be made available to the ECB within three months of the end of the quarter to which the data relate. The annual data of an aggregated balance of 3. payments of the economic territory of the participating Member States shall be made available within three months of the end of the year to which the data relate with the same breakdowns as for the quarterly data. 4. The data on the international investment position shall be made available to the ECB within nine months of the year-end date to which the data relate. 4. 5. 1999 EN Official Journal of the European Communities L 115/49 The national collection of these data shall be or- 5. ganised with a view to meeting these deadlines. monitor the quality and reliability of statistical informa- tion made available to the ECB. Article 4 Transmission standard 1. The required statistical information shall be made available to the ECB in a form which meets the require- ments as laid down in Annex IV to this guideline. The NCBs shall use the facility provided by the 2. ESCB, which relies upon the telecommunications network (‘ESCB-Net'), for the electronic transmission of investment the balance of payments and international position statistical information required by the ECB. The statistical message format developed for this electronic exchange of statistical information is the ‘Gesmes/CB' format. This requirement does not prevent the use of some other means of transmitting statistical information to the ECB as an agreed fall-back solution. 2. This process may include the transmission of revi- sions made by the NCBs, first, in order to include the latest assessment of the statistical information, thereby improving the quality, and, second, to ensure as far as possible consistency between the corresponding balance of payments items for each of the different frequencies. Article 6 Final provisions This guideline is addressed to the national central 1. banks of participating Member States. This guideline shall be effective as of 1 January 2. 1999. This guideline shall be published in the Official 3. Journal of the European Communities. Article 5 Done at Frankfurt am Main, 1 December 1998. Quality of the statistical information 1. Without prejudice to the ECB’s monitoring tasks as laid down in Annex V to this guideline, the NCBs shall On behalf of the Governing Council of the ECB Willem F. DUISENBERG L 115/50 EN Official Journal of the European Communities 4. 5. 1999 ANNEX I STATISTICAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK 1. Balance of payments and international investment position statistics The ECB requires balance of payments statistics at three different frequencies: monthly, quarterly and annually in respect of the corresponding reference calendar periods. 1. 1. Monthly balance of payments statistics (cid:190) key items O b j e c t i v e The objective is a monthly balance of payments of the economic territory of the participating Member States showing the main items affecting monetary conditions and exchange markets. R e q u i r e m e n t s It is essential that the data are suitable for use in the calculation of the balance of payments of the economic territory of the participating Member States. For the purposes of monetary policy and foreign exchange operations, the ECB’s requirement for monthly balance of payments statistics is confined to broad categories of transactions or ‘key items' (see Annex II, Table 1). The short deadline for the provision of the monthly key items, their highly aggregated nature and their use for monetary policy purposes and foreign exchange operations allow some departure from international guidelines, where unavoidable. Recording on a full accruals’ or transactions’ basis is not required. In agreement with the ECB, national central banks (NCBs) of the participating Member States may provide data on the current and financial account on a settlement basis. Where necessary to meet the deadline, estimates or preliminary data will be accepted. The requirement for each broad category of transaction is assets and liabilities (or credits and debits for current account items). This requires NCBs of the participating Member States, within external transac- tions, to distinguish between transactions with residents of other participating Member States and transactions outside the economic territory of the participating Member States, and each NCBs of the Member State shall do so consistently. NCBs in the participating Member States are required to implement this change when participation of further Member States is decided. In order to permit a meaningful aggregation for the economic territory of the participating Member States on a monthly basis in the area of portfolio investment and direct investment, a split is required between transactions in securities and other financial flows issued by residents of participating Member States and securities and other financial flows issued by residents of all other countries. For the purpose of making this distinction, it is necessary to identify separately whether or not the issuer of the security is a resident of a participating Member State. The net transactions in portfolio and direct investment assets of the economic territory of the participating Member States are compiled by aggregating reported net transac- tions in securities issued by non-residents. Net transactions in portfolio and direct investment liabilities of the economic territory of the participating Member States are compiled by aggregating reported net transactions in securities issued by residents of the economic territory of the participating Member States. 1. 2. Quarterly and annual balance of payments O b j e c t i v e The objective of the quarterly and annual balance of payments of the economic territory of the participating Member States is to provide more detailed information to permit further analysis of external transactions. These statistics will notably contribute to the financial account in preparation and to the joint publication of EU/MU balance of payments in cooperation with the Commission of the European Communities (Eurostat). R e q u i r e m e n t s Quarterly and annual balance of payments statistics required by the ECB conform to the greatest extent possible to the standards set in the BPM5 (see Article 2(2) of this guideline). The breakdown of quarterly and annual balance of payments statistics required by the ECB is presented in Annex II, Table 2. Special European harmonised concepts and definitions of the capital and financial account are set out in Annex III to this guideline. 4. 5. 1999 EN Official Journal of the European Communities L 115/51 The breakdown of the quarterly/annual current account is similar to the requirement for the monthly figures. Only key items are required for goods, services and transfer payments. For income, a detailed breakdown is needed. For the financial account, the requirements of the IMF standard components of the BPM5 are followed with the following adjustments: (cid:190) for direct investment only a split between inward and outward investment is needed, (cid:190) the other investment item is simplified. This simplification includes the removal of a distinction between loans and deposits on each side of the balance sheet, the removal of the maturity breakdown and a change in the presentation of the breakdown (i. e. sector as first priority). This sectoral breakdown is compatible but not identical with the BPM5 where instruments have priority. Member States are expected to distinguish in their quarterly and annual balance of payments statistics between transactions with other participating countries and all other external transactions. As for the monthly data, a split between transactions in securities and other financial flows issued by residents of participating Member States and securities and other financial flows issued by residents of all other countries is required for quarterly and annual data in the areas of portfolio and direct investment. For the balance of payments of the economic territory of the participating Member States, accrued investment income data are required on a quarterly basis. In line with the System of National Accounts, the BPM5 recommends that interest should be recorded on an accruals’ basis. This recommendation affects the current account (investment income) as well as the financial account. Recording on an accruals’ basis requires some national central banks in the participating Member States to develop new calculation and estimation methods. 2. International investment position statistics Objective The objective is an annual statement of the external assets and liabilities of the economic territory of the participating Member States as a whole, for monetary policy and exchange market analysis. The ECB requires international investment position statistics in respect of end-of-calendar-year stocks level. This statistical information may also assist in the compilation of balance of payments flows. Requirements The international investment position data required by the ECB conform to the greatest extent possible to the standards set in the BPM5. The ECB compiles the international investment position for the economic territory of the participating Member States as a whole. The breakdown of the international investment position for the economic territory of the participating Member States is presented in Annex II, Table 3. The ECB may require items of particular significance for the conduct of monetary policy, specifically those items within the other investment account which are currently provided to the Bank for Inter- national Settlements (BIS) for its statistics on international banking, on a quarterly basis. The international investment position shows financial stocks at the end of the reference period, valued at end-period prices. As such, part of the change in the value of stocks during the reference period will be due to the financial transactions that have taken place and been recorded in the balance of payments. Likewise, part of the changes in positions at the beginning and at the end of a given period will be caused by changes in the prices of the financial assets and liabilities shown. In the event that stocks are denominated in currencies other than the unit of account used for the international investment position, changes in the exchange rates vis-(cid:133)-vis other currencies will also affect the values of those stocks. Finally, any other change in stocks which is not due to the aforementioned factors will be considered as other adjustments. A proper reconciliation between the financial flows and stocks of the economic territory of the partici- pating Member States would require these changes in value owing to price, exchange rate changes and other adjustments to be reflected separately. However, for practical reasons, at the start of Stage III of Economic and Monetary Union, these changes will be shown together as a lump sum under a single heading and the international investment position will be compiled on a net basis relying on aggregate national data. In addition, specific rules may be applied for the valuation of equity capital in direct investment, notably in the case of unquoted shares. L 115/52 EN Official Journal of the European Communities 4. 5. 1999 Coverage of the international investment position is as close as possible to that for quarterly/annual balance of payments flows. The concepts, definitions and breakdowns are in line with those used for quarterly/annual balance of payments flows. However, for the direct investment account a further breakdown into equity and other capital is requested. Stocks compiled for the economic territory of the participating Member States’ international investment position are requested to be compatible with other statistics such as money and banking statistics and financial accounts, which are also compiled by the ECB, and national accounts. These stocks encompass direct investment position data compiled by the Commission of the European Communities (Eurostat). 4. 5. 1999 EN Official Journal of the European Communities L 115/53 ANNEX II REQUIRED BREAKDOWNS Table 1 Monthly key items for the balance of payments of the economic territory of the participating Member States (Credits and debits in current and capital account, assets and liabilities in financial account separately) I. Current account (credits and debits) Goods Services Income Current transfers II. Capital account III. Financial account (assets and liabilities) Direct investment (cid:190) abroad (cid:190) in the reporting economy Portfolio investment (cid:190) equity securities (cid:190) debt securities of which: (cid:190) bonds and notes (cid:190) money market instruments Other investment (cid:190) MFIs (excluding Central Banks) of which: (cid:190) long-term (cid:190) short-term (cid:190) general government (cid:190) monetary authorities (cid:190) other sectors Financial derivatives (net) Reserve assets Errors and omissions (adjustments resulting from imbalances) Table 2 Quarterly and annual balance of payments of the economic territory of the participating Member States (Credits and debits in current and capital account, assets and liabilities in financial account separately) I. Current account (credits and debits) Goods Services L 115/54 EN Official Journal of the European Communities 4. 5. 1999 Income Compensation of employees Investment income (cid:190) direct investment income on equity income on debt (interest) (cid:190) portfolio investment income on equity (dividend) income on debt (interest) bonds and notes money market instruments (cid:190) other investment Current transfers II. Capital account (credits and debits) (No further breakdown requested) III. Financial account (assets and liabilities) Direct investment (cid:190) direct investment abroad (cid:190) direct investment in the reporting economy Portfolio investment Assets (cid:190) equity securities monetary authorities general government MFIs (excluding central banks) other sectors (cid:190) debt securities bonds and notes monetary authorities general government MFIs (excluding central banks) other sectors money market instruments monetary authorities general government MFIs (excluding central banks) other sectors Liabilities (cid:190) equity securities MFIs (excluding central banks) other sectors 4. 5. 1999 EN Official Journal of the European Communities L 115/55 (cid:190) debt securities bonds and notes monetary authorities general government MFIs (excluding central banks) other sectors money market instruments monetary authorities general government MFIs (excluding central banks) other sectors Other investment Assets (cid:190) monetary authorities loans/currency and deposits other assets (cid:190) general government trade credits loans/currency and deposits other assets (cid:190) MFIs (excluding central banks) loans/currency and deposits other assets (cid:190) other sectors trade credits loans/currency and deposits other assets Liabilities (cid:190) monetary authorities loans/currency and deposits other liabilities (cid:190) general government trade credits loans other liabilities (cid:190) MFIs (excluding central banks) loans/currency and deposits other liabilities (cid:190) other sectors trade credits loans other liabilities L 115/56 EN Official Journal of the European Communities 4. 5. 1999 Financial derivatives (net) (cid:190) monetary authorities (cid:190) general government (cid:190) MFIs (excluding central banks) (cid:190) other sectors Reserve assets monetary gold special drawing rights reserve position in the International Monetary Fund foreign exchange currency and deposits with monetary authorities with MFIs (excluding central banks) Securities equity bonds and notes money market instruments and financial derivatives (1) Other claims Errors and omissions (adjustments resulting from imbalances) Annual international investment position of the economic territory of the participating Member States Table 3 1. Direct investment 1. 1. Abroad 1. 1. 1. Equity capital and reinvested earnings 1. 1. 2. Other capital 1. 2. In reporting economy 1. 2. 1. Equity capital and reinvested earnings 1. 2. 2. Other capital 2. Portfolio investment 2. 1. Assets 2. 1. 1. Equity securities (i) Monetary authorities (ii) General government (iii) MFIs (excluding central banks) (iv) Other sectors (1) The possibility to report on financial derivatives in a separate item within reserve assets is discussed at the IMF level and within the ECB Statistics Committee. 4. 5. 1999 EN Official Journal of the European Communities L 115/57 2. 1. 2. Debt securities 2. 1. 2. 1. Bonds and notes (i) Monetary authorities (ii) General government (iii) MFIs (excluding central banks) (iv) Other sectors 2. 1. 2. 2. Money market instruments (i) Monetary authorities (ii) General government (iii) MFIs (excluding central banks) (iv) Other sectors 2. 2. Liabilities 2. 2. 1. Equity securities (iii) MFIs (excluding central banks) (iv) Other sectors 2. 2. 2. Debt securities 2. 2. 2. 1. Bonds and notes (i) Monetary authorities (ii) General government (iii) MFIs (excluding central banks) (iv) Other sectors 2. 2. 2. 2. Money market instruments (i) Monetary authorities (ii) General government (iii) MFIs (excluding central banks) (iv) Other sectors 3. Other investment 3. 1. Assets 3. 1. 1. Monetary authorities 3. 1. 1. 1. Loans/currency and deposits 3. 1. 1. 2. Other assets 3. 1. 2. General government 3. 1. 2. 1. Trade credits 3. 1. 2. 2. Loans/currency and deposits 3. 1. 2. 3. Other assets 3. 1. 3. MFIs (excluding central banks) 3. 1. 3. 1. Loans/currency and deposits 3. 1. 3. 2. Other assets 3. 1. 4. Other sectors 3. 1. 4. 1. Trade credits 3. 1. 4. 2. Loans/currency and deposits 3. 1. 4. 3. Other assets L 115/58 EN Official Journal of the European Communities 4. 5. 1999 3. 2. Liabilities 3. 2. 1. Monetary authorities 3. 2. 1. 1. Loans/currency and deposits 3. 2. 1. 2. Other liabilities 3. 2. 2. General government 3. 2. 2. 1. Trade credits 3. 2. 2. 2. Loans 3. 2. 2. 3. Other liabilities 3. 2. 3. MFIs (excluding central banks) 3. 2. 3. 1. Loans/currency and deposits 3. 2. 3. 2. Other liabilities 3. 2. 4. Other sectors 3. 2. 4. 1. Trade credits 3. 2. 4. 2. Loans 3. 2. 4. 3. Other liabilities 4. Financial derivatives 4. 1. Assets 4. 1. 1. Monetary authorities 4. 1. 2. General government 4. 1. 3. MFIs (excluding central banks) 4. 1. 4. Other sectors 4. 2. Liabilities 4. 2. 1. Monetary authorities 4. 2. 2. General government 4. 2. 3. MFIs (excluding central banks) 4. 2. 4. Other sectors 5. Reserve assets 5. 1. Monetary gold 5. 2. Special drawing rights 5. 3. Reserve position in the International Monetary Fund 5. 4. Foreign exchange 5. 4. 1. Currency and deposits 5. 4. 1. 1. With monetary authorities 5. 4. 1. 2. With MFIs (excluding central banks) 5. 4. 2. Securities 5. 4. 2. 1. Equities 5. 4. 2. 2. Bonds and notes 5. 4. 2. 3. Money market instruments and financial derivatives (1) 5. 5. Other claims (1) The possibility to report on financial derivatives in a separate item within reserve assets is discussed at the IMF level and within the ECB Statistics Committee. 4. 5. 1999 EN Official Journal of the European Communities L 115/59 ANNEX III CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS TO BE USED IN THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT POSITION STATISTICS TO BE REPORTED TO THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK In order to construct meaningful aggregated balance of payments statistics for the economic territory of the participating Member States, concepts and definitions have been defined in the field of balance of payments statistics (capital and financial accounts) and international investment position. These requirements are based on the so-called Implementation Package (July 1996) and additional documents endorsed by the Governing Council of the ECB in September 1998. Current international standards, such as the IMF Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5), have been used as reference in formulating these concepts and definitions. The most important harmonisation proposals are listed below. Further guidance is available in the corresponding reports to which reference codes are provided in brackets. These useful references do not form part of the legal text. 1. Concepts and definitions of investment income and items in the financial account 1. 1. Investment income (ST/SC/BP/INCO9801) D e f i n i t i o n Investment income incorporates income derived from a resident entity’s ownership of a foreign financial asset and, symmetrically, income derived from a non-resident entity’s ownership of a domestic financial asset. C o v e r a g e Investment income includes receipts and payments on direct investment, portfolio investment and other investment income and receipts on reserve assets. For monthly key items the ECB will require only a total of income (comprising investment income and compensation of employees). The quarterly and annual balance of payments requirements are almost identical to IMF standard components as defined in the BPM5. The main difference is that the ECB will not require a breakdown of direct investment income on equity into distributed and undistributed profits. T i m e o f r e c o r d i n g Interest income is recorded on an accruals’ basis (this is not required for the monthly data). Dividends are recorded as of the date on which they become payable. 1. 2. Capital account (STA/WGS/BOP/CAPITAL96) D e f i n i t i o n The new definition of the capital account covers capital transfers and the acquisition/disposal of non- produced non-financial assets. Current transfers are to be recorded in the current account. C o v e r a g e The standard components of the new capital account consist of a sectoral breakdown into the items general government and other sectors, with a further breakdown thereafter. The ECB will compile only a lump-sum capital account, within which no breakdown is required. The separation between current and capital transfers is important and generally depends, in practice, upon the use of the transfer by the recipient country. 1. 3. Direct investment (STA/WGS/BOP/DI95) D e f i n i t i o n According to international standards (IMF/OECD), (direct or, where available, indirect) ownership of 10 % or more of the equity of an enterprise constitutes a direct investment relationship. Member States using 20 % or another criterion adopt 10 % in significant cases. L 115/60 EN Official Journal of the European Communities 4. 5. 1999 C o v e r a g e Special purpose entities (SPEs) are considered as regular direct investors and/or direct investment enter- prises. Those NCBs of the participating Member States which are not in a position to follow this recommendation provide data on SPEs separately. In order to avoid discrepancies and in line with both the recommendations of the IMF and Eurostat/ OECD guidelines, direct investment relationships are recorded using the ‘directional' principle. In order to achieve consistency in the compilation of reinvested earnings, the calculation method and the time of recording are agreed. Inter-company financial transactions, including trade credits, are regarded as direct investment capital. 1. 4. Portfolio investment (STA/WGS/BOP/PORT95) D e f i n i t i o n The following criteria are used to judge whether a financial instrument should be considered as a security; one criterion alone may not be decisive: (a) guidelines drawn from the BPM5 and from the System of National Accounts (1993); (b) provision of an ISIN code; (c) accounting rules and banking regulations; (d) market practice (derived from reports by the International Securities Market Association). C o v e r a g e Investments in equity securities, debt securities and money market instruments are included, with the exception of transactions in these instruments which fall into the category of either direct investment or reserve assets. T i m e o f r e c o r d i n g recording The recording of transactions in financial items takes place when both creditor and debtor enter the claim and liability, respectively, in their books (in accordance with the BPM5). Recommendations for methods of agreed (STA/WGS/BOP/ACC9711). For the balance of payments of the economic territory of the participating Member States, accrued investment income is required only on a quarterly and/or annual basis. Recording on a full accruals’ basis is not a requirement for the monthly key items balance of payments. payments accruals’ balance been basis have full the on of a 1. 5. Other investment (STA/WG/BOP/OTH95) D e f i n i t i o n Other investment is defined as a residual category that includes all financial transactions not covered in direct investment, portfolio investment, or reserve assets accounts. C o v e r a g e Other investment covers trade credits, loans/currency and deposits and other assets/other liabilities (in accordance with the BPM5). The sectoral coverage/breakdown comprises monetary authorities, general government, banks and other sectors. The monetary authorities sector is defined as including ‘central bank institutional units and operations attributed to the central bank but sometimes carried out by other government institutions, i. e. issues of currency, maintenance of reserves' (IMF definition). With this exception, ‘banks' will coincide with the sub-sector monetary financial institutions. T i m e o f r e c o r d i n g The principles of ‘transfer of ownership', ‘time of settlement' and ‘time of payment' all conform with the IMF recommendations. In order to achieve consistent aggregate data for the economic territory of the participating Member States, no distinction is made between loans and deposits within each sector and no maturity breakdown is used. A sectoral presentation of the breakdown, compatible with the IMF standard components, is used in quarterly and annual data. Member States may add detail in national statistics. 4. 5. 1999 EN Official Journal of the European Communities L 115/61 For the monthly key items, a split between short-term and long-term flows in the banking sector is required. R e p u r c h a s e a g r e e m e n t s a n d b o n d l e n d i n g ( F e b r u a r y 1 9 9 6 ) The accounting practice of banks is the guiding principle for the balance of payments treatment of repurchase agreements, sell/buy-back transactions and bond lending, rather than the ‘transfer of owner- ship' criterion. Where there is no accepted international accounting standard, a common practice which would meet statistical needs is adopted in agreement with the ECB. This recommendation leads to the recording of genuine repurchase agreements, sell/buy-back transac- tions and bond lending as collateralised loans. 1. 6. Financial derivatives (April 1997, October 1997, April 1998: STA/WG/BOP/SG59802) D e f i n i t i o n Financial derivatives are financial instruments that are linked to a specific financial instrument, indicator or commodity, and through which specific financial risks can be traded in financial markets in their own right. Transactions in financial derivatives are treated as separate transactions rather than as integral parts of the value of underlying transactions to which they may be linked. C o v e r a g e Transactions and positions in options, futures, swaps, forward foreign exchange contracts, credit deriva- tives and embedded derivatives are recorded in the balance of payments and international investment position. Initial margin payments are regarded as changes in deposits and should be recorded, if identifiable, in the other investment account. The treatment of variation margin payments depends on the form of the variation margin: options-style variation margins are regarded, in principle, as changes in deposits and should be recorded, if identifiable, under the item other investment. Futures-style variation margin payments are regarded, in principle, as transactions in derivatives and should be recorded in the financial derivatives account. In the case of options, the full premium (i. e. the purchase/sale price of the options and the implied service charge) should be recorded in the financial account. The net stream of settlement flows associated with interest rate derivatives should be recorded as financial derivatives. Embedded derivatives should be recorded together with the underlying financial instrument and should not be recorded and valued separately in balance of payments statistics and the international investment position. The classification of specific instruments of credit derivatives should be decided upon on a case-by-case basis. The valuation of financial derivatives should be conducted on a marked-to-market basis. T i m e o f r e c o r d i n g The recording of transactions in financial items takes place when both creditor and debtor enter the claim and liability, respectively, in their books (in accordance with the BPM5). Owing to practical problems involved in separating the asset and liability flows in a meaningful way for some derivative instruments, all financial derivatives transactions in the balance of payments of the economic territory of the participating Member States are being recorded on a net basis for the time being. Financial derivative asset and liability positions in the international investment position are recorded on a gross basis. 1. 7. Reserve assets In accordance with the BPM5, reserve assets consist of those external assets issued by non-residents that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for direct financing of payments imbal- ances, for indirectly regulating the magnitude of such imbalances through intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and/or for other purposes. The reserve assets of the ESCB consist of the ECB’s reserve assets and the reserve assets held by NCBs of the participating Member States. The ECB will be provided by the NCBs with foreign reserve assets other than Member States’ currencies, IMF reserve positions and special drawing rights, up to an amount equivalent to EUR 50 000 million (adjusted downwards by deducting the shares in the ECB’s capital subscription key of those EU central banks which will not participate in the euro area from the outset). L 115/62 EN Official Journal of the European Communities 4. 5. 1999 As a result, the composition of reserve assets for Economic and Monetary Union has been agreed: MU reserve assets are the ECB’s and NCBs’ financial claims denominated in foreign currency on non-resi- dents of the economic territory of the participating Member States, provided that they meet the liquidity and marketability criteria required by the aforementioned BPM5 definition plus gold, SDRs and the reserve positions in the IMF of the participating NCBs. The pooling of reserve assets will be conducted in the form of outright transfers of ownership. 2. Implementation methods for geographical allocation (STA/WGS/BOP/GEO96) Difficulties in the compilation of geographically broken-down balance of payments and international investment position statistics are resolved by means of a step-by-step approach. This approach involves three steps towards meeting data requirements which are progressively more demanding. 2. 1. Direct investment S t e p 1 Compilation method at the MU level: addition of national total net direct investment transactions/posi- tions. (Implemented in 1998). S t e p 2 Compilation method at the MU level: addition of net transactions/positions in claims issued by or on non-residents of the economic territory of the participating Member States for direct investment abroad. Addition of net transactions/positions in total national net direct investment in the reporting economy and transactions/positions in securities issued by residents for direct in the reporting economy. No geographical breakdown into extra-Monetary Union transactions is required. investment Data requirements at the NCBs’ level: transactions/positions in direct investment abroad broken down into transactions/positions in MU investments (securities and other financial instruments issued by residents of participating Member States) and non-MU investment. To achieve this, it is necessary to identify the issuer (debtor) of the security or other financial instrument in order to establish whether the issuer is a resident of the participating Member States or a non-resident. For the item direct investment in the reporting economy only the national total net transactions/positions are required. A figure for net transactions/positions in direct investment in the reporting economy originating from other participating Member States is requested as a memorandum item. Deadline for implementation: the beginning of Stage III of Economic and Monetary Union, i. e. 1 January 1999, for direct investment flows. (To be agreed for direct investment stocks). S t e p 3 Compilation method at the MU level and data requirements at the national central banks’ Member State level: similar to Step 2 with the addition of a geographical breakdown within extra-MU transactions/posi- tions. This is only necessary for quarterly and annual statistics. (Deadline for implementation: to be agreed). 2. 2. Portfolio investment S t e p 1 Compilation method at the MU level: addition of national total net portfolio investment transactions/ positions. No split into assets and liabilities is required. (Implemented in 1998). S t e p 2 Compilation method at the MU level: addition of net transactions/positions in securities issued by non-residents for portfolio investment assets. Addition of net transactions/positions in total national net liabilities and transactions/positions in securities issued by residents of the participating Member States for portfolio investment liabilities. No geographical breakdown into extra-Monetary Union transactions is required. Data requirements at the NCBs’ level: transactions/positions in portfolio investment assets broken down into transactions/positions in MU securities (issued by residents of participating Member States) and non-MU securities. To achieve this it is necessary to identify the issuer (debtor) of the security in order to 4. 5. 1999 EN Official Journal of the European Communities L 115/63 establish whether the issuer is a resident of one of the participating Member States or a non-resident. For transactions/positions in portfolio investment liabilities, only national total net figures are required. Precondition: full harmonisation of breakdowns, coverage, definitions, valuation and timing principles for portfolio investment flows (as outlined above). Deadline for implementation: the beginning of Stage III of Economic and Monetary Union, i. e. l January 1999, for portfolio investment flows. (To be agreed for portfolio investment stocks). S t e p 3 Compilation method at the MU level and data requirements at the national central banks’ Member State level: Similar to Step 2 with the addition of a geographical breakdown within extra-MU transactions/posi- tions. This is only necessary for quarterly and annual statistics. Precondition: full harmonisation of breakdowns, coverage, definitions, valuation and timing principles for portfolio investment flows. (Deadline for implementation: to be agreed). 2. 3. Other investment S t e p 1 Compilation method at the MU level: addition of national total net other investment transactions/posi- tions. (Implemented in 1998). S t e p 2 Compilation method at the MU level: addition of net transactions/positions in other investment with non-residents for other investment assets and liabilities. Data requirements at the national central banks’ level: MU/non-MU split distinguishing transactions between residents of the participating Member States and transactions with residents of other countries (non-Monetary Union). Deadline for implementation: the beginning of Stage III of Economic and Monetary Union, i. e. 1 January 1999, for other investment flows. (To be agreed for other investment stocks). S t e p 3 Compilation method at the MU level and data requirements at the Member State level: similar to Step 2 with the addition of a geographical breakdown within extra-MU transactions/positions. This is only necessary for quarterly and annual statistics. (Deadline for implementation: to be agreed). 2. 4. Financial derivatives S t e p s 1 a n d 2 Compilation method at the MU level: Addition of national total net transactions/positions in financial derivatives. (Implemented in 1998). S t e p 3 A geographical breakdown within extra-MU transactions/positions in financial derivatives. This is only necessary for quarterly and annual statistics. (Deadline for implementation: to be agreed). L 115/64 EN Official Journal of the European Communities 4. 5. 1999 ANNEX IV TRANSMISSION OF THE DATA TO THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK The exchange of the statistical information needed by the ECB relies upon the facility provided by the ESCB-Net. All exchanges of data within the ESCB use the same conceptual data model. National central banks shall observe the recommendations listed below in order to ensure that data transmis- sion functions satisfactorily, in particular with regard to the following items: (cid:190) completeness: national central banks shall report all balance of payments series keys. To report no series keys or non-listed series keys would be considered as incomplete reporting. Should an observation be missing, the omission shall be recorded using the corresponding observation status flag. In addition, when revisions are made to only a sub-set within the balance of payments, the validation rules should be applied to the whole balance of payments, (cid:190) sign convention: national central banks should apply the agreed sign convention in all data which are to be reported to the ECB. The IMF standard sign convention was adopted. Under this sign convention, credits and debits must be reported using the same sign in the current and capital account and in the financial account (credits are to be marked with a plus sign, debits with a minus sign), (cid:190) accounting identities of the data: the complete validation rules which were distributed and which are available on request must be implemented by the national central banks before the data are transmitted to the ECB. ANNEX V MONITORING OF STATISTICAL COMPILATION METHODS The ECB will monitor the compilation methods used for the reporting on the balance of payments and international investment position statistics, as well as the concepts and definitions applied on a regular basis by the Member States participating in the euro area. The monitoring will be carried out in connection with updating and maintaining of the document entitled ‘European Union Balance of Payments (Capital and financial account) Statistical Methods' (BOP Book), and by the six-monthly review procedure. The BOP Book contains information on the structure of balance of payments statistical data for all EU countries. There are detailed descriptions of data compilation methods and of the concepts and definitions applied, as well as information on departures from the agreed definitions for the balance of payments and international investment position statistics in the Member States. The BOP Book will be updated on annual basis in close cooperation with the Member States. The six-monthly review forms part of the process of updating the BOP Book. The six-monthly review procedure is based on reports to be endorsed by the Governing Council of the ECB covering the statistical treatment of the investment income account and the financial account in the balance of payments and international investment position statistics and forms a basis for the ECB to assess the quality of the data provided to the ECB for the balance of payments statistics


title: SCHRIFTELIJKE VRAAG nr. 3553/98 van Heidi HAUTALA Surveillance van overdraagbare ziekten

eurovoc_concepts:
EU Member State
European Union
co-financing
disease prevention
epidemiology
health control
infectious disease
information network
information policy
public health

formats: html print


title: Decisione del Comitato misto SEE n. 108/98, del 1o dicembre 1998, che modifica l'allegato IX (Servizi finanziari) dell'accordo SEE

eurovoc_concepts:
credit guarantee
credit institution
financial instrument
financial solvency
management audit
share capital

text: 28. 10. 1999 IT Gazzetta ufficiale delle Comunità europee L 277/43 DECISIONE DEL COMITATO MISTO SEE N. 108/98 del 1o dicembre 1998 che modifica l'allegato IX (Servizi finanziari) dell'accordo SEE IL COMITATO MISTO SEE, visto l'accordo sullo Spazio economico europeo, modificato dal protocollo di adattamento di detto accordo, in particolare l'articolo 98, in appresso denominato «l'accordo», considerando che l'allegato IX dell'accordo è stato modificato dalla decisione del Comitato misto SEE n. 74/98 del 17 luglio 1998 (1); considerando che occorre integrare nell'accordo la direttiva 98/31/CE del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio, del 22 giugno 1998, che modifica la direttiva 93/6/CEE del Consiglio relativa all'adeguatezza patrimoniale delle imprese di investimento e degli enti creditizi (2), DECIDE: Articolo 1 Al punto 30a (direttiva 93/6/CEE del Consiglio) dell'allegato IX dell'accordo, prima degli adattamenti, viene inserito il testo seguente: «,modificata da: — 398 L 0031: Direttiva 98/31/CE del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio, del 22 giugno 1998 (GU L 204 del 21. 7. 1998, pag. 13), rettificata nella GU L 248 dell'8. 9. 1998, pag. 20. » I testi della direttiva 98/31/CE nelle lingue islandese e norvegese, allegati alle rispettive versioni linguistiche della presente decisione, fanno fede. Articolo 2 La presente decisione entra in vigore il 2 dicembre 1998, a condizione che al Comitato misto SEE siano pervenute tutte le notifiche previste dall'articolo 103, paragrafo 1, dell'accordo. Articolo 3 La presente decisione è pubblicata nella sezione SEE e nel supplemento SEE della Gazzetta ufficiale delle Comunità europee. Articolo 4 Fatto a Bruxelles, il 1o dicembre 1998. Per il Comitato misto SEE Il Presidente N. v. LIECHTENSTEIN (1) GU L 172 dell'8. 7. 1999, pag. 53. (2) GU L 204 del 21. 7. 1998, pag. 13