A range of specific studies highlight certain elements of vulnerability and migration, including the ways in which slow-onset events affect precarious, resource-dependent livelihoods  . In small town Pakistan and Colombia, heat stress increases long-term migration of men, driven by a negative effect on farm income . A study from Mexico reveals that an increase in drought months led to increased rural to urban migration, while increased heat  led to a 'nonlinear' pattern of rural to urban migration that occurred only after extended periods of heat  . This aligns with other findings that a consistent increase in temperature between 2°C and 4ºC in some parts of the world renders involuntary, forced migration inevitable .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report