Climate change has caused substantial damages, and increasingly irreversible losses, in terrestrial, freshwater and coastal and open ocean marine ecosystems . The extent and magnitude of climate change impacts are larger than estimated in previous assessments . Widespread deterioration of ecosystem structure and function, resilience and natural adaptive capacity, as well as shifts in seasonal timing have occurred due to climate change , with adverse socioeconomic consequences . Approximately half of the species assessed globally have shifted polewards or, on land, also to higher elevations . Hundreds of local losses of species have been driven by increases in the magnitude of heat extremes , as well as mass mortality events on land and in the ocean  and loss of kelp forests . Some losses are already irreversible, such as the first species extinctions driven by climate change . Other impacts are approaching irreversibility such as the impacts of hydrological changes resulting from the retreat of glaciers, or the changes in some mountain  and Arctic ecosystems driven by permafrost thaw . . 
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report