Transformation is also more than a single instance of institutional change. Historical perspectives on transformation enable an understanding of the chain of institutional changes that ultimately lead to significant or far-reaching reconfiguration of infrastructure and service provision . Paradigm changes, such as new engagements with nature and green infrastructure, will improve adaptation outcomes . Changes of paradigms, however, are not inherently positive and may clash with existing interests or involve trade-offs with other priorities. When care is taken to ensure greater inclusion in urban decision-making, disadvantaged, vulnerable communities are less likely to be disadvantaged. For example, indigenous traditions of nature management provide entry points for the sustainable management of resources, such as seed banks, urban agriculture and the local management of watersheds and floods, may be at odds with conventional structures of expert knowledge . These traditions are vital both because of the solution space that they open in the local context and how they serve to create resilience through collective and intergenerational learning .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report