The poor frequently suffer the direct and indirect impacts of climate change, including the cost of adopting adaptive measures . Costs to the poor may also include the secondary impacts of first-order adaptation activities, including the livelihood consequences to people migrating due to climate change impacts. The poor frequently bear indirect impacts of adaptation interventions, such as flood protection barriers, which may displace flood waters away from high-income populations toward poorer communities . Adaptation programming may also indirectly affect the poor as public resources are drawn into risk reduction interventions, and away from spending on social welfare and safety nets . Measures to enhance social welfare and safety nets themselves help enhance the poor's resilience to climate impacts because they focus on non-climatic stressors affecting livelihoods, which interact with climate hazards. Therefore, diverting attention away from safety nets may in fact undermine adaptation efforts .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report