shipping, tourism  and Arctic maritime trade and resource extraction . Navigational risks have grown due to increasingly mobile multi-year ice, poor hydrographic charting in newly open areas, and limited weather, water, ice and climate data and services . Cascading risks from polar shipping growth include increased air emissions, underwater noise pollution, disruption to subsistence hunting and cultural activities in the Arctic  and potential for invasive marine species and geopolitical tensions . 
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report