Integrated approaches to tackle common drivers of emissions and cascading risks provide the basis for strengthening synergies across mitigation and adaptation, and managing possible trade-offs with sustainable development  . Analysis of 315 local authority emission reduction plans across the European Union reveals that the most common policies cover municipal assets and structures . Estimates of emission reductions by non-state and sub-state actors in 10 high-emitting economies projected GHG emissions in 2030 would be 1.2-2.0 GtCO2-eq per year or 3.8-5.5% lower compared to scenario projections for current national policies  if the policies are fully implemented and do not change the pace of action elsewhere . The value of integrating mitigation and adaptation is underscored in the opportunities for decarbonising existing urban areas, and investing in social, ecological and technological infrastructure resilience . Integrating mitigation and adaption is challenging  but can provide multiple benefits for the health and well-being of urban inhabitants .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report