For individuals in urban communities, new literature highlights how differences in vulnerability established by social and economic processes are further differentiated by household and individual variability and intersectionality . This includes differences in wealth and capacity ; gender and non-binary gender ; education, health, political power and social capital ; age, including young and elderly, low physical fitness, pre-existing disability, length of residence and social and ethnic marginalisation . An increasing proportion of refugees and displaced people now live in urban centres, and their characteristics also make them vulnerable to a range of shocks and stresses . While some individuals, including children, may be able to exercise agency to reduce their risk , and some indicators are culturally specific, overall, poor, marginalised, socially isolated and informal urban households are particularly at risk  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report