conducting climate risk assessments  and/or simulations of future land-use or climate changes in urban areas -Al technologies  are now being widely adopted . Thanks to advances in cloud-computing technology, which allows for online processing of massive volumes of remote sensing data, high-resolution  global urban-area maps from the late 1990s to 2018 are now available from several different sources . Using these historical maps, researchers have been able to generate maps of future urban land-use changes at the global level to 2100 , which can help to elucidate the potential impacts of this future urban expansion and identify adaptation needs. Technology also plays a major role in urban planning and design in the context of adaptation. To mitigate rising urban temperatures and reduce the impacts of climate-related hazards, many new 'grey' infrastructure and 'green' infrastructure technologies are being adopted in urban areas in Asia, for example, cool  rooftops and pavements as well as green  rooftops to mitigate high temperatures; and porous pavements to mitigate flooding .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report