Projected climate and ocean-related changes will significantly affect marine and terrestrial ecosystems and ecosystem services, which will in turn have cascading impacts across both natural and human systems . Changes in wave climate superimposed on SLR will significantly increase coastal flooding  and low-coastal and reef island erosion . The frequency, extent, duration and consequences of coastal flooding will significantly increase from 2050 , unless coastal and marine ecosystems are able to naturally adapt to SLR through vertical growth . These changes are a major concern for small islands given that a high percentage of their population, infrastructure and economic assets are located in the low-elevation coastal zone of below 10-m elevation .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report