In addition, implementation of response options should consider equity aspects to ensure that the costs and benefits of actions within a landscape are equitably distributed among public institutions, private enterprise and civil society . Strategic approaches to restoring ecosystems can increase conservation gains and reduce costs . Cost-effective solutions that consider multiple costs and benefits need a 'compromise solution' between short- and long-term social and economic gains. Pursuing spatial allocations for adaptation options has the potential to deliver greater benefits at lower costs, therefore aligning aims for tropical forest adaptation, species conservation and climate mitigation targets with the interests of farmers under short and long time horizons .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report