Extensive adaptation planning has been undertaken since the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report , but there has not been widespread effective implementation, thus giving rise to a 'coastal adaptation gap' . To date, most interventions have been reactive and often rely on protective works alone . The effectiveness of alternative interventions differs among C&S archetypes, while their feasibility is influenced by geomorphology and socioeconomic conditions as well as cultural, political and institutional considerations . Mismatches between adaptation needs and patterns of physical development are commonplace in many coastal
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report