In Central and South America, risks have been assessed in at least 24 terrestrial hotspots, especially within the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, Mesoamerica and the Caribbean, the most studied hotspots in the world in terms of climate change impacts  . About 85% of projections for assessed species showed a negative impact of climate change , with ~26% projecting species extinctions . Projected impacts include contraction or loss of species' geographic range, loss of diversity and high species turnover . Most studies had focused on vertebrates and plants in the Atlantic Forest  and Cerrado  . Several insect species are projected to lose suitable climatic conditions, including moths in Cerrado  . There were projected negative impacts on vegetation such as rupestrian grasslands in Cerrado   and tropical and temperate forests in Mesoamerica  . Endemic species face consistent risks of decrease in suitable habitat in the Atlantic Forest  , Cerrado  , Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena  , and Mesoamerica  . Climate change may also benefit invasive plant species in terms of range expansion  and physiology  in the region.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report