ASP may be very good at reducing extreme poverty by helping to meet individual or household needs but not collective needs to mitigate long-term climate shocks. For example, few programmes consider risk assessment and climate-proof infrastructures as anticipatory measures to foster early action and preparedness . They therefore need to enable the adoption of forward-looking strategies for long-lasting adaptation . Some examples from China show social protection can improve adaptive capacity of urban communities with social medical insurance, housing subsidies, weather-index insurance, post-disaster construction, relocation planning, livelihood shift strategies, and so on. . However, social protection may lead to maladaptation in urban policy when social security, or similar tools  to compensate for exposure deincentivise risk reduction . In many developing countries, high concentrations of poor and vulnerable groups living in disaster-prone zones of urban centres, new urban dwellers and informal residents are often excluded from community-based networks and social services . Risk transfer tools  and risk retention measures  can avoid and minimise the burden of loss and damage and limit secondary and indirect effects .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report