Nutritional dependency, cultural importance, livelihood, or economic reliance on shifting species will increase impacts of climate change, especially for small-scale fishers , farmers, women and communities highly dependent on local sources of food and nutrition  . Micronutrient concentrations from marine fisheries vary with species, providing higher concentrations of calcium, iron and zinc in tropical regions and higher concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids in polar regions . While consumption of smaller species rich in micronutrients may provide significant benefits against deficiencies in Asia and Africa, local dietary changes in fish consumption may be linked to food preferences, fish availability due to international trade or illegal fishing and competing usage of fish . Industrial fleets are likely to switch target species  and inhibit small-scale fishers via illegal, unreported or unregulated fishing in EEZs . Extreme events can exacerbate issues, as fisheries are frequently increasingly exploited as a coping mechanism under times of crisis, increasing illegal fishing activities and conflict among maritime users . Spatial conflicts between artisanal and commercial foreign fishing fleets are already occurring in Ghana , and from climate- induced tropical tuna shifts in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean Islands ). Properly managed small-scale fisheries can reduce poverty and improve localised food security and nutrition in low-income countries but will likely require restriction in the number of fishers, boat size or fishing days .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report