In the central Arctic Ocean, primary productivity remains low , mostly due to persisting nutrient and light limitations . In inflowing  and interior shelf regions , changes in sea ice extent, thickness and seasonal timing have altered light and mixing regimes, causing increasing overall productivity in open-water and under-ice habitats, and in leads   . Productivity changes are associated with the earlier- onset phytoplankton spring blooms and the increasing occurrence of autumn blooms, particularly at lower latitudes of the Arctic   . Ice algal communities are expected to change in productivity and species composition in response to the transition from a predominantly multi-year to a seasonal sea ice pack  . Thinner sea ice increases the likelihood of surface flooding, resulting in the occurrence of snow-infiltration algal communities, which have been described in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean  and observed by Indigenous Peoples off northern Greenland . The observed transition from marine-terminating to land-terminating glaciers has a negative impact on coastal ecosystems
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report