New financial instruments can help to support investment in, for example, ecosystem-based adaptation. For example, green bonds can raise significant amounts of capital in support of projects with environmental/climate benefits. The green bond market has quickly developed since the European Investment Bank launched the first green bond in 2007, with issuance growing to USD 257.7 billion in 2019, up more than 50% on the previous year . Most green bonds focus on energy, buildings and transport infrastructure but green bond issuance to support sustainable agriculture and forestry has grown from USD 208 million in 2013 to USD 7.4 billion in 2018 . The Seychelles issued the world's first 'blue' bond in 2018 with the support of the World Bank. Similar to green bonds, blue bonds earmark the use of bond proceeds for specific purposes, here the sustainable use of marine resources . In 2019, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development issued the world's first ever dedicated climate resilience bond, raising USD 700 million. The 5-year bond will be used to finance the Bank's projects in climate- resilient infrastructure , climate- resilient business, commercial operations, climate-resilient agriculture and ecological systems . While these issuances are still small compared to the overall green bond market, their rapid growth points to enormous opportunities for ecosystem-based adaptation.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report