. Although there is a strong overlap of non-climatic and climatic impacts in marine ecosystems , the effects suggest that climate change impacts are most severe in tropical and northern high-latitude seas  . Temperature-driven range shifts and range expansions are projected to also lead to cascading effects on marine biodiversity through ecological interactions  . Cascading effects may be especially pronounced in temperate reefs, where tropicalisation could lead to the arrival of herbivorous fish and predators previously absent . However, how these indirect effects of climate change on species may change food webs and ecosystem function, including carbon sequestration, is unknown. Direct and indirect human impacts due to fisheries and pollution can also lead to cascading effects that may be additive to climate impacts on biodiversity. Destruction of marine biogenic habitats due to trawling and dredging and loss of large proportions of marine megafauna, particularly fish, mammals, birds and reptiles, alter food webs and reduce resilience to additional disturbances, such as those caused by climate change  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report