Larger cities may be the most stable administrative entities in states affected by conflict. Even here, ability to plan and deliver adaptation can be hampered. Extending into urban areas within stable states, alienation and loss of trust between local populations and the state can be exacerbated by top-down adaptation planning and delivery; socially and spatially uneven adaptation investment; and in the economic and administrative limits of government that can lead to some places being excluded from formal planned investment  . These pathways for exclusion can combine among already marginalised and low-income populations where trust in government agencies may already be low .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report