The gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth, divided into five layers: the troposphere, which contains half of the Earth's atmosphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, the thermosphere and the exosphere, which is the outer limit of the atmosphere. The dry atmosphere consists almost entirely of nitrogen  and oxygen , together with a number of trace gases such as argon , helium and radiatively active greenhouse gases  such as carbon dioxide   methane , nitrous oxide  and ozone . In addition, the atmosphere contains the GHG water vapour , whose concentrations are highly variable  as the sources  and sinks  of water vapour show large spatio-temporal variations, and atmospheric temperature exerts a strong constraint on the amount of water vapour an air parcel can hold .. The atmosphere also contains clouds and aerosols. See also Hydrological cycle.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report