Urban adaptation is limited by financing constraints, weak intersectoral and multi-level governance and deficits in the housing and infrastructure sectors, the overcoming of which represents an opportunity for transformative adaptation . Short- term interventions are more common than long-term planning . Adaptation has taken place throughout the region in planning, land use and building regulation, urban control systems and risk management. Initiatives in social housing focus on reducing risk and overcoming urgent deficits but also adding to a transformative adaptation pathway . Hybrid  infrastructure has been adopted for better efficiency in flood control, sanitation, water scarcity and landslide prevention and coastal protection . NbS, including GI and EbA, are increasing in urban areas , although isolated engineering solutions are still widely practiced. The integration of transport and land use plans and the improvement of public transport are key to urban adaptation; mitigation prevails over adaptation in the sector .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report