 The mean projected increase in species of freshwater fish vulnerable to local extinction within 10 km grid cells for future global warming. Around a third of fish species are projected to be vulnerable to extinction by 2°C global warming. Pixel colour shows the projected percentage of species vulnerable to extinction and agreement between multiple vulnerability models. In , data were obtained from 22 peer-reviewed papers published since 2012 investigating the impacts of projected climate change on African biodiversity. When a paper provided impact projections for several time periods, climate change scenarios or for more than one species, each impact was recorded as an individual biodiversity impact projection, resulting in a database of 1165 biodiversity impact projections. Data were initially collected by Manes et al.  as part of a larger literature review for Cross-Chapter Paper 1 on Biodiversity Hotspots and then expanded to include areas outside of African priority conservation areas . The literature review was limited to peer-reviewed publications that reported quantifiable risks to biodiversity, eliminating non-empirical studies. In , projections are based on intersecting current and future modelled species distributions at ~ 10 km spatial resolution from two recent global assessments of climate change impacts on terrestrial vertebrates . In  projections are based on intersecting future species vulnerabilities from two recent assessments of climate change vulnerability of freshwater fish species .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report