Freshwater population extinctions are mainly due to habitat loss, the introduction of alien species, pollution, over-harvesting  and climate change-induced epidemic diseases . Climate warming, particularly through the intensification and severity of droughts, contributes to the disappearance of small ponds which hold rare and endemic species . Systematic data on the extent and biology of small ponds is, however, lacking on the global scale. Extreme heat waves can lead to large local fish kills in lakes , when water temperature and oxygen concentrations surpass critical thresholds and threatening cold-water fish and amphibians . Evidence of a local extinction of some invertebrate species with a 1.4ºC-1.7℃ rise in mean annual stream winter temperature from 1981 to 2005 was reported in Abrahams et al. . Population declines of specialist species in glacier-fed streams, such as the non-biting midge Diamesa davisi , can be attributed to climate-change-driven glacier retreat , and the flatworm Crenobia alpina  has been reported as locally extinct in the Welsh Llyn Brianne river .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report