The African penguin, Spheniscus demersus, is the only resident penguin species on mainland Africa. It breeds in a handful of colonies in South Africa and Namibia. In 2017, the penguins of Cape Town's Boulders Beach colony attracted almost one million visitors, providing 885 jobs and USD 18.9 M in revenue . Ninety-six percent of the population of this species has been lost since 1900, with a 77% decline in the last two decades . By 2019, only 17,700 pairs remained . The species is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List  and if this trajectory persists, the African penguin will become functionally extinct in the near future .
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