a plausible envelope of trajectories across a range of assumptions . On a global scale, ecosystem models project a -5.7 + 4.1%  to -15.5 + 8.5% decline in marine animal biomass with warming under SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5, respectively, by 2080-2099 relative to 1995-2014, albeit with significant regional variation in both trends and uncertainties  . Biological interactions may exacerbate or buffer the projected impacts. For instance, trophic amplification  may result from combined direct and indirect food-web-mediated effects  . Alternatively, compensatory species interactions can dampen strong impacts on species from ocean acidification, resulting in weaker responses at functional-group or community level than at species level  . Globally, the projected reduction of biomass due to climate-induced drivers is relatively unaffected by fishing pressure, indicating additive responses of fisheries and climate change  . Regionally, projected interactions of climate-induced drivers, fisheries and other regional non-climate drivers can be both synergistic and antagonistic, varying across regions, functional groups and species, and can cause nonlinear dynamics with counterintuitive outcomes, underlining the importance of adaptations and associated trade-offs  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report