These are several examples of such projected changes. Due to higher water temperatures, changes in macroinvertebrates and fish are projected under all future warming scenarios . Decreased abundance of many fish species, such as salmonids, under higher temperatures, is also projected, although the effects between species are variable . Poleward and shifts of freshwater species are projected as they try to stay within preferred cooler environmental conditions . Other anticipated changes include physiological adjustments with impacts on morphology with some species shrinking in body size because large surface-to-volume ratios are generally favoured under warmer conditions  and changes in species communities and food webs as a consequence of increases in metabolic rates in response to increased temperatures with the flow-on effects for many ecosystem processes . Changes in the seasonality of flow regimes and variability  and more intermittent flows  are also projected and could result in decreased food chain lengths through the loss of large-bodied top predators  and changes in nutrient loadings and water quality . The impacts on freshwater systems in drylands are projected to be more severe . Changes to snow and glacier melting, including the complete melting of some glaciers (Leadley
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report