Urban adaptation plans can focus attention on the needs of marginalised or vulnerable communities including the elderly, children and the disabled . However, monitoring and evaluation  frameworks for adaptation are far from being fully developed and operationalised both in theory and in practice for cities, settlements and infrastructures. See also Section 17.5 for an assessment of monitoring and evaluation in climate adaptation. Despite significant experience on the application in other sectors  or with other climate change objectives , the assessment of adaptation efforts has been to date under-theorised in current urban adaptation literature (Berrang-Ford et al., 2019; Leiter et al., 2019;
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report