there is secession from public infrastructure services that has financial implications for viability . In the case of the 2015-17 Cape Town drought, wealthy households secured their water needs through off-grid technologies such as rainwater tanks and boreholes. Although this resulted in more water being available in the dams, it also led to less revenue being collected for municipal water and less ability to cross-subsidise water for poor households . More attention needs to be paid to how shifts in infrastructure are serving the interests of urban elites, often driven by the state, and failing to adequately consider the needs of the disadvantaged . Equally, more risk-reducing infrastructure is needed across all urban areas .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report