The SLR affects economic growth, its drivers and welfare outcomes  through  permanent loss of land and natural capital,  loss of infrastructure and physical capital,  loss of social capital and migration,  temporary floods, food insecurity and loss of livelihoods and  added expenditure for coastal protection. Without adaptation, direct damage to the GDP by 2080 due to SLR would be highest in Asia , with China losing between 64.2 billion USD , 95.8 billion USD  and 118.4 billion USD  in direct damages, and an additional 5.7, 4.5 and 4.5 billion USD, respectively, due to migration . Closely after China will be India, the Republic of Korea, Japan, Indonesia and Russia. Overall, Asia can experience direct losses of about 167.6 billion USD , 272.3 billion USD  or 338.1 billion USD (at
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report