Globally, observed climate-driven changes in biodiversity are typically of species distributions shifting to higher latitudes  . Since the 1950s, marine species richness has shifted poleward in the Northern Hemisphere, increased in mid-latitudes and declined at the equator in concert with ocean warming  . Climate- driven altitudinal shifts are common on land  , and depth shifts in the ocean may occur but are little studied  . While climate-induced range expansions can be viewed as opportunities for increasing regional biodiversity, range contractions adversely affect biodiversity through regional extirpations  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report