Protected areas-areas of land set aside for species and habitat protection with legal protection from development or exploitation- have been a cornerstone of nature conservation for many years. Their effectiveness under a changing climate has been the subject of debate and investigation. There is now a large body of evidence demonstrating that colonisations by range-shifting species are more likely to occur at protected sites than at non-protected sites for a wide range of taxa  including across continents . This is probably because, by protecting large areas of natural and semi-natural habitats, they provide suitable places for colonising species  which may not be available in the surrounding landscape. Although the evidence for protected areas being associated with reduced extinctions is weaker, the finding by Gillingham et al.  that protected sites were associated with reduced extinction rates at low latitudes and elevations is strongly suggestive that they can help species' persistence in the face of climate change.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report