Climate change is and will continue to be a major driver of natural selection, causing important changes in fitness-related  and functional  traits, and in the genetic diversity of natural populations  . Climate-change impacts will continue to be exacerbated by interactions with non-climate drivers such as habitat fragmentation or loss, pollution or resource overexploitation, which limit the adaptive potential of populations to future conditions . However the ultimate responses to complex change are conditioned by the rate and magnitude of environmental change, organisms' capacity for acclimation, the degree of local adaptation of natural populations and populations' potential for adaptive evolution . These controlling factors are mainly determined by local environmental conditions encountered by populations across their geographic distribution . In highly fluctuating environments , multiple drivers can change and interact across temporal and spatial scales, generating geographic mosaics of tolerances and sensitivities to environmental and climate change in marine organisms  . A further challenge for marine life lies in its ability to cope with extreme
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report