Afforestation and reforestation are considered one of the most cost-effective ways of storing carbon. An additional 0.9 billion ha of canopy cover in suitable locations could store 205 Gt of carbon , but this estimate is deemed unrealistic. Aggressive afforestation and reforestation efforts can result in trade-offs between biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and water use . In northern China, ecological restoration by regreening drylands resulted in several environmental and social benefits  but also led to increased freshwater use in some pockets . Afforestation and reforestation with appropriate broad-leaf species in temperate Europe  can offer water quality and quantity- related benefits, mitigate extreme heat, and buffer against drought . A global assessment on forest and water showed that forests influence the overall water cycle, including downstream water availability via rainfall-runoff dynamics and downwind water availability via recycled rainfall effects . The study concluded that afforestation and reforestation should be concentrated  in water-abundant locations  and where transpiration can potentially be captured downwind as precipitation  . Overall, extensive BECCS and afforestation/reforestation deployment can alter the water cycle at regional scales  ).
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report