Nature-based strategies, including street trees, green roofs, green walls and other urban vegetation, can reduce heat and extreme heat by cooling private and public spaces . Shading and evapotranspiration are the primary mechanisms for vegetation-induced urban cooling . Shading reduces mean radiant temperature, which is the dominant influence on outdoor human thermal comfort under warm, sunny conditions . Outdoor green space and parks may also slightly reduce indoor heat hazard . Apart from lowering temperature, NBS may also contribute to lower energy costs by reducing extra demand for conventional sources of cooling  , especially during peak demand periods. Homes with shade trees that are located in cities where air conditioning systems are common can save over 30% of residential peak cooling demand . Green roofs have been shown to significantly lower surface temperatures on buildings  and modelling suggests that green roofs, if employed widely throughout urban areas, have the potential to impact the regional heat profile of cities . Community or allotment gardens, backyard greening and other types of low vegetation, as well as lakes, ponds, rivers and streams, can also provide local cooling benefits to nearby residents .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report