nutrient enrichment and pollution, all of which reduce resilience of biotas and ecosystems . Peatlands in NEU and EEU and other historically important cultural landscapes in Europe are overexploited for forestry, agriculture and peat mining . Inland wetland RAMSAR convention sites in Europe, which constitute 47% of the global sites have lost area in WCE and gained in SEU from 1980 to 2014 . Forests in WCE were impacted by the extreme heat and drought event of 2018, with effects lasting into 2019  and losses in conifer timber sales in Europe .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report