There is low confidence about how measures adopted are ensuring the sustainability of marine resources used by fisheries. In Peru, industrial fisheries follow an adaptive management approach , while in Chile, small-scale fisheries of benthic-demersal resources is managed through the granting of exclusive territorial use rights  with established quotas defined by the central authority . In addition, MPAs in Chile play a key role in climate-change adaptation for fisheries  , and an increasing amount of funds have been invested in initiatives to reduce the vulnerability of fishery and aquaculture sectors to climate change . Since 2016, Argentina has been developing a strategy to implement EbM on fisheries with support from the Global Environment Facility  programme. Also, Argentina and Chile are promoting the local consumption of seafood and the certification of its fishery products , while Brazil and Chile have advanced in their response to climate change through the development of new research studies and methodologies incorporating research institutions . Uruguay is incorporating stakeholders in its climate- change adaptation strategies  , while Colombia is supporting the capacity building of fishers, promoting livelihood diversification to increase the resilience of the sector  . Chile and Peru have made certain advances in the development of guidelines for the management of the coast line and the implementation of the EbM, which has favoured the collaboration of diverse and multiple stakeholders , the development of outreach and educational activities, the creation of networks and the interests of other fishery communities to implement EbM  (Hellebrandt et al., 2014; Gelcich et al., 2015;
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report