Since the AR5, robust decision-making methods are increasingly used to account for deep uncertainty in many climate-related risks  , particularly when decisions need to be made well in advance of when the adaptations need to be implemented . Reducing risk and building resilience under the context of these types of wicked problems require asking 'what if' questions about the future, remaining flexible in the face of uncertainty and seeking out policies that provide good outcomes no matter what the future climate might bring  . In these cases, trade- offs can be assessed and options can be prioritised through iterative decision-making processes, such as multi-criteria decision-making, robust decision-making and dynamic adaptation pathway planning  . They can address limitations of data-intensive robust decision- making in developing countries , use proxy data to enable the use of robust decisions in data-scarce contexts , incorporate multiple-objectives into robust decision-making , and supplement pathway development with real options analysis . Often, there are close synergies between the application of these methods and using scenario analyses .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report