Legacy development, competing public and private interests, trade-offs among development and conservation objectives, policy inconsistencies, short- and long-term objectives and the timing and scale of impacts compound to create contestation over implementation of coastal adaptation  . Legal barriers to coastal adaptation remain  with a risk that the courts will become decision makers  due to legislative fragmentation, status quo leadership, lack of coordination between governance levels and agreement about who pays for what adaptation  . The nexus of climate, law, place and property rights continues to expose people and assets to ongoing SLR , especially where the risks of SLR are not being reflected in property valuations . Risk signalling through land use planning, flooding events and changes in insurance availability and costs is projected to increase recognition of coastal risks  . Proactive local-led engagement and strategy are key to effective adaptation and incentivising and supporting communities to act . Adopting 'fit for purpose' decision tools that are flexible as sea levels rise  can build adaptive capacity in communities and institutions .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report