A lack of understanding of physiological constraints and mechanisms remains a barrier to predicting many of the ecological effects of climate change . Many behavioural, morphological and physiological responses are highly species- and context-specific, making generalisations difficult . Recent advances in mechanistic understanding , in process-based modelling   and in the sophistication of niche models  have improved projections, but comprehensive tests of geographic patterns and processes in thermal tolerance and plasticity are still lacking, with studies limited to a few phylogenetically restricted analyses showing mixed results . Improved understanding of the mechanistic basis for observed geographic patterns in thermal tolerance and plasticity is needed to identify the physiological limits of species, the potential for adaptation and the presence of evolutionary trade-offs, which will strongly influence population declines, species range shifts, invasive interactions and the success of conservation interventions .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report