strains . Laboratory studies show that ocean acidification decreases the fitness, growth or survival of many economically and culturally important larval or juvenile shelled mollusks   and of several valuable wild-harvest crab species . Ocean acidification alters larval settlement and metamorphosis of fish in laboratory studies  , suggesting possible changes in fish survival and thus fishery characteristics. Deoxygenation can decrease size and abundance of marine species and suppress trophic interactions , decrease the diversity within marine ecosystems  while temporarily increasing catchability and increasing the risk of overfishing  and decrease the ecosystem services provided by specific fisheries . The chronic effects of deoxygenation on wild fisheries are complex and highly interactive with co-occurring drivers and overall ecosystem responses  . Detecting and attributing marine ecosystem responses to ocean acidification and deoxygenation outside of laboratory studies remains challenging because of the strong influence of co-occurring environmental changes on natural systems .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report