Prevailing development pathways are not advancing CRD . Societal choices in the near term will determine future pathways. Some low-emissions pathways and climate outcomes are unlikely2 to be realised . Rapid climate change is affecting every region across the globe and affecting natural and human systems relevant to the pursuit of the SDGs . Even the most ambitious greenhouse gas mitigation scenarios indicate climate change will continue for decades to centuries . Increasing mitigation effort across multiple sectors exhibits opportunities for synergies with sustainable development, but also trade-offs that increase with mitigation efforts, that need to be balanced and managed . The uncertainty associated with achieving specific pathways and climate outcomes is a risk factor to consider in planning, with plausibility and transformational challenges, as well as trade-offs and synergies, affected by technology, policy design and societal choices . For instance, restrictions on utilisation of individual mitigation options to manage trade-offs , afforestation, nuclear power) can also affect the mitigation cost to households  and the likelihood of a desired climate outcome being realised. Developing and transitional economies are estimated as low-cost mitigation opportunities but are often at high risk from climate change due to their regional and development context  . For example, in Africa, competing uses for water such as hydropower generation, irrigation and ecosystem requirements can create trade-offs among different management and development objectives . In Asia, intensive irrigation and other forms of water consumption can have a negative effect on water quality and aquatic ecosystems . Developed countries also face trade-offs, including in Australasia where adapting to fire risk in peri-urban zones introduces potential trade-offs among ecological values and fuel reduction in treed landscapes , and in North America where new coastal and alpine developments generate economic activity but enhance local social inequalities .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report