Categories 4 and 5 TCs are severely impacting settlements and infrastructure in small islands. TC Maria in 2017 destroyed nearly all of Dominica's infrastructure and losses per unit of GDP amounted to more than 225% of the annual GDP . Destruction from TC Winston in 2016 amounted to more than 20% of Fiji's current GDP . Additionally, living conditions in human settlements are changing due to storm surge which is already penetrating further inland compared with a few decades ago .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report