Globally, climate change is projected to exacerbate existing challenges for urban water services. These challenges include population growth, the rapid pace of urbanisation and inadequate investment, particularly in less developed economies with limited governance capacity  . More specifically, in Arusha , a combination of urban growth modelling, satellite imagery and groundwater modelling projected that rapid urbanisation would reduce groundwater recharge by 23-44% of 2015 levels by 2050 , causing groundwater levels to drop up to 75 m . Flood risk modelling showed a median increase in flood risk of 183% in 2030 based on baseline conditions in Jakarta  with flood risks increasing by up to 45% due to land use changes alone . A probabilistic analysis of surface water flood risk in London  using the UKCP09 Weather Generator  found that the annual damage is expected to increase from the baseline by 101% and 128% under 2030 and 2050 high-emission scenarios, respectively .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report