the European part of the Russian Arctic has increased by 0.5-2ºC, result- ing in damage to buildings, roads and pipelines, and to significant ex- penditure for stabilising soils . Beyond 3ºC GWL, the bearing capacity for infrastructure in the permafrost region of the European Russia could decrease by 32-75% by mid-century and by 95% by 2100, potentially affecting settlements in northern EEU . The in- creasing number of cycles of freezing and thawing, observed in EEU, has led to accelerated ageing of building envelopes . Permafrost degradation due to higher temperatures could increase the potential of debris flow detachment in Alpine locations .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report