It is well established that climate change compounds the impacts of pressures that humans place on the environment  and that environmental degradation can undermine options for adaptation and an enabling environment, with poor and natural resource-dependent groups most acutely affected . Sustainable management of natural capital contributes to building resilience and the natural ability of ecosystems to adapt to climate change . Some systems like mangroves  offer a broad range of vital ecosystem services . Mangroves provide regulating services by acting as a natural defence against sea level rise and storm surges; and by sequestering carbon in both the trees and sediments they capture. Provisioning services  from mangroves support livelihoods and livelihood adaptation options, especially for those with few other livelihood opportunities, while these systems also provide important habitat  and biodiversity, and offer cultural services in the forms of education, recreation and spiritual benefits . As the frequency of events such as hurricanes, storms and typhoons rises with climate change, natural capital assets like mangroves become increasingly important in protecting coastlines and supporting adaptation. While not reducing the hazard itself, the mangroves reduce exposure and, in some cases, also vulnerability. The literature shows with high confidence that environmental assets support both climate change mitigation  and adaptation , particularly for the poorest groups in society, who directly depend upon natural capital for their subsistence . In turn, the legal and regulatory context and institutional set up determines who has access rights to different aspects of the natural resource base. This shows how different aspects of the enabling environment work in tandem to constitute one another.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report