of boreal forest in eastern Kazakhstan is expected as part of a global process of forest dieback in semiarid regions . In North Asia, tree growth is intertwined with permafrost, snowpack, insect outbreaks, wildfires, seed dispersal and climate . It is challenging to isolate the affects of individual factors, particularly since they can interact on one another in unanticipated ways because the underlying mechanisms are not well understood . The accuracy of treeline-shift projections is limited because projections are based on vegetation models which do not consider all the factors . The regional vegetation model structure and parameterisation can affect model performance, and the corresponding projections can differ significantly .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report