Planned relocation in coastal C&S with high hazard exposure and climate impacts is already occurring and has been increasing in frequency , with some small islands purchasing land in other countries to facilitate movement . In the Arctic, the pressure to relocate away from the coast is expected to rise given the interacting effects of permafrost thaw and coastal erosion. Native villages in Alaska are already relocating . Involuntary resettlement may be a secondary effect of large-scale hard coastal protection projects, or inner-city river and canal regulation. In Jakarta, for example, a new giant seawall project involves resettling coastal households along large parts of the coastline .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report