This RFC, large-scale singular events , considers abrupt, drastic and sometimes irreversible changes in physical, ecological or social systems in response to smooth variations in driving forces  . SR15 Section 3.5.2.5 presented four examples, including the cryosphere , thermohaline circulation , the El Niño-Southern Oscillation  as a global mode of climate variability, and the role of the Southern Ocean in the global carbon cycle . While most of the literature assessed here focuses on the resultant changes to climate-related hazards such as sea level rise, in this assessment, evidence about the implications of accelerated sea level rise for human and natural systems is also considered. If sea level rise is accelerated by ice sheet melt, the associated impacts are projected to occur decades earlier than otherwise, directly affecting coastal systems including cities and settlements by the sea  and wetlands . The associated disruption to ports is projected to severely compromise global supply chains and maritime trade with local-global geo-political and economic consequences. To compensate for this acceleration, adaptation would need to occur much faster and at a much greater scale than otherwise, or indeed than has previously been observed . The costs of accommodating port growth and adapting to sea level rise amount to USD 22-768 billion before 2050 globally  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report