International public climate finance flows are realised through bilateral and multi-lateral channels  where contributions to these channels are received from Annex II and non-Annex I countries . Annex II countries contribute as part of their commitments in the Paris Agreement, while non-Annex I countries commit climate finance through these channels on a voluntary basis . Bilateral intermediaries include development cooperation agencies and national development banks. These institutions often have long-standing development- cooperation experience, and offer climate change projects, facilities and financial instruments based on their differing mandates, structures and priorities .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report