patterns can create challenges for resource availability, exacerbate pollution levels  and increase exposure to some risks. For example, ~10% of the global population live in low-elevation coastal zones  , which is expected to increase by 5% to 13.6% by 2100 depending on the population scenario . Building assets and infrastructure in naturally risk-prone areas are also projected to increase , which may also lead to environmental degradation that can further aggravate risk, such as destruction of wetlands that buffer against floods . Demographic trends, coupled with changes in income, can also result in increasing demands for land, food, water and energy, and therefore in major changes in land use and cover change . The observed and projected population decline in some rural areas also has implications for vulnerability and exposure. In addition, demographic changes such as ageing may increase vulnerability to some climate hazards, including heat stress .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report