magnitude of global warming, socioeconomic development pathways and levels of adaptation . Risk levels are determined through a formal elicitation approach for both representative key risks and reasons for concern, following the authors' assessment of the literature. The reasons for concern consider unique and threatened systems , such as coral reefs or Arctic Sea ice systems that have especially high vulnerability and low capacity to adapt. They also include the role of extreme weather events , such as heat waves, heavy rain, drought, coastal flooding or wildfires. The reasons for concern address both the distributional and the aggregate impacts of climate change , including the unfairness factor for populations that have contributed little in terms of historic emissions but that are disproportionately vulnerable to the impacts of a changing climate. The final reason for concern relates to large-scale singular events, nonlinearities and tipping points , including ice sheet collapse and ecosystem regime shifts.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report