Cold spells. Although frequencies and intensities of cold spells/ cold waves are virtually certain to have decreased globally, and are projected to consistently decrease for most warming levels , cold weather events can periodically occur and impact urban areas and their connected infrastructures. For cities in eastern Canada, the intra-annual distribution of freezing rain events may become more frequent from December to February, and less frequent in other months by 2100 . Freezing rain is also a risk to urban populations and infrastructure. In general, higher population mortality rates likely occur during the winter season, while more temperature-attributable deaths are caused by cold than by heat in cities located in temperate climates . Winter mortality is unlikely to significantly decrease due to warming trends, partly because a range of other medical factors  also drive this winter-excess mortality . However, the evidence is unclear whether mortality related to cold waves will decrease in coming decades in European  or US cities . While projected global cold extremes are expected to decrease in frequency and intensity, the higher regional variability of future climates means that cold waves may remain locally important threats, including in milder regions where there are larger temperature differences between 'normal' winter days and extreme cold events, and where there is less capacity to adapt . This will be accentuated in many cities, particularly in Europe, by anticipated demographic changes that result in a more elderly population susceptible to cold wave health risks .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report