Insurance is a risk transfer mechanism for middle- and high-income countries, yet is less widely available in LMICs . Additionally, where insurance options do exist in LMICs, these are not usually available to large populations living or operating in the informal sector. Flood insurance is widely available in many Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  countries but the demand and uptake differ significantly across countries . This financial tool is subject to increasing pressure under the changing climate, with growing concerns around affordability and availability. More integrative approaches are required, such as where changes in the insurance industry are closely linked to adaptation strategies, building standards and land use planning and their application . This is particularly important in LMICs and of central concern for all insurance schemes is ensuring access, fairness and affordability for the most poor and vulnerable. However, there are some notable examples
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report