Extreme events are a natural and important part of many ecosystems, and many organisms have adapted to cope with long-term and short-term climate variability within the disturbance regime experienced during their evolutionary history . However, climate changes, disturbance regime changes and the magnitude and frequency of extreme events such as floods, droughts, cyclones, heat waves and fire have increased in many regions . These disturbances affect ecosystem functioning, biodiversity and ecosystem services , but are, in general, poorly captured in impact models , although this should improve as higher-resolution climate models that better capture smaller-scale processes and extreme events become available . Extreme events pose huge challenges for EbA . Ecosystem functionality, on which such adaptation measures rely, may be altered or destroyed by extreme episodic events .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report