Wide ranging knowledge regarding the specific detection of heat- and cold-related mortality/morbidity and its attribution to observed climate change is lacking. Although there has been an observed increase in winter-season temperatures for a number of regions, to date there is variable evidence for a consequential reduction in winter mortality and susceptibility to cold over time due to milder winters; some countries demonstrate decreasing trends, while other countries show stable or even increasing trends in cold-attributable mortality fractions over time ; Åström et al. ; Diaz et al. ; Hajat ; Hanigan et al. ; Lee et al. ). While there is a burgeoning literature on the attribution of extreme heat events to climate change ), the number of studies that assess the extent to which observed changes in heat-related mortality may be attributable to climate change is small . During the 2003 European heatwave, anthropogenic climate change increased the risk of heat-related mortality by approximately 70% and 20% for London and Paris, respectively . For the severe heat event across Egypt in 2015, the impact on human discomfort was 69%  more likely due to anthropogenic climate change , and for Stockholm, Sweden, it has been estimated that mortality due to temperature extremes for 1980 to 2009 was double what would have occurred without climate change . To date there has only been one multi-country attempt to quantify the heat-related human health impacts that have already occurred due to climate change. Based on an analysis of 732 locations spanning 43 countries for the 1991-2018 period, the study found that on average 37.0%  of warm-season heat-related deaths can be attributed to anthropogenic climate change, equivalent to an average mortality rate of 2.2/100,000
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report