Bebber  found significant poleward expansions of many important groups of crop pests and pathogens since 1960, with an average shift of 2.7 km yr-1. Different pest species populations respond differently to ongoing climate change, with some shifting, contracting or expanding their current distribution range and others persisting or disappearing in their current range . These asymmetric distribution changes can create novel species combinations or decouple existing ones , but their consequences on future crop production and food security are hard to predict. Multi-species climate change experiments are rare , but one study shows that under future climates different pest assemblages of interacting species may alter levels of damage to crops compared with that by only one species (Crespo-Perez et al.,
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report