Whether current levels of growth in adaptation finance for agriculture, forestry and fisheries is keeping up with estimated needs cannot be assessed because of the large uncertainties that surround adaptation cost estimates . There is, hence, high agreement that better assessment of adaptation costs of climate impacts requires considerably more research . A recent study focusing on investments needed to offset the effects of climate change on the prevalence of hunger concludes that investments in agricultural research and development  have to increase from USD 1.62 billion to USD 2.77 billion per year between 2015 and 2050 . In addition to agricultural R&D, significant investment increases in water and infrastructure in the range of USD 12.7 billion and USD 10.8 billion are required, respectively, a considerable portion of which is relevant to the food system. In total, Sulser et al.  estimate that annual investment between USD 21.47 billion and USD 29.8 billion are needed to avoid sliding back from climate- change-related increases in the prevalence of hunger but recognise the shortcomings of their approach and acknowledge that 'a full analysis of adaptation to climate change in agriculture would require including many other social, economic, and environmental dimensions'. For comparison, World Bank  estimated global costs of USD 70-100 billion per year for agriculture, forestry and fisheries, infrastructure, water resources, health, ecosystem services, coastal zones and extreme weather events to adapt to an approximately 2°C warmer world between 2010 and 2050. While the World Bank includes more sectors, more recent publications consider the resulting figures to be significantly too low . Therefore, despite the methodological and data challenges, further efforts are needed to better capture the economic risks of climate change and provide estimates of adaptation costs at global to national scales as well as across sectors .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report