Changes in climate have resulted in permafrost warming and increased thaw depth in undisturbed locations , but in built up areas these transformations have been exacerbated by human activities . Norilsk, the largest city built on permafrost above the Arctic Circle , was found to have one of the highest trends of near-surface permafrost warming . Anomalous high temperatures and earlier snowmelt in 2020 may have contributed to oil storage collapse and the resulting spill of 20,000 tons of diesel fuel in Norilsk area . The ability of foundations to support structures has decreased by 10-40% relative to the 1960s in the majority of settlements on permafrost in Russia  and is expected to further decrease by 20-33% by 2050-2059 relative to 2006-2015 .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report