Limited regional cooperation across sub-national island jurisdictions  along with limited regional-scale climate information are also stymying action . This is a concern given the need for pooled governance in response to capacity constraints across small jurisdictions . There is also an insufficient understanding of the role of regional and international actors such as the Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre and the Global Environment Facility, respectively . Sometimes external pressure and, for example, transregional trade agreements are 'useful for reducing unsustainable local sociopolitical arrangements' as seen in the Solomon Islands regarding fisheries management within the concept of blue economy . Similarly, in Samoa, the World Bank's Pilot Program for Climate Resilience  and the Adaptation Fund's Enhancing Resilience of Samoa's Coastal Communities to Climate Change illustrate successful examples of multilevel governance due to their programmatic and pragmatic approaches versus project-based approaches . Enabling factors in these programmes relate to strategic placements of funds and responsibilities in the relevant ministries, alignment with national priorities and pre-existing plans, pooling funding to fill existing finance gaps, and increased awareness across scales and departments of synergies and gaps between different initiatives . Initiatives such as the Pacific Adaptive Capacity Framework  and regional strategies such as the Framework for the Disaster and Climate Resilient Development in the Pacific  enable the localising of climate adaptation into cultural contexts in an integrated manner .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report