At the same time, actions to improve access to peri-urban services almost always improve resilience  Evidence from Kampala, Addis Ababa, Dar es Salaam, Douala, Ibadan, Nairobi, Dakar and Accra shows that urban and peri-urban agriculture and forestry can support adaptation . In the metropolitan area of Milan, multi-functional agriculture supports a local, more sustainable food chain . Since communities in peri-urban areas are often transitory, efforts toward creating social capital by promoting civic engagement are crucial to facilitate collective action . For example, adaptation actions can help to build the capacity of the community to engage with service providers , as demonstrated in parts of peri-urban Kolkata, India and Khulna, and Bangladesh .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report