In the case of river flooding, adaptation has the potential to contain damage and losses up to 3ºC GWL , provided they are implemented on time and that the technical, social and financial barriers are addressed . Residual risks can be reduced through early warning and evacuations, insurance and accommodate measures . Accommodation strategies, such as retention and ecosystem-based solutions, require space, which is not always available in cities. Both protection and flood retention are effective in reducing inland flooding risk across Europe, but with regional variation in the benefit-to-cost ratio  . Furthermore, upgrading drainage systems to
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report