Marine and coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, seagrass and coral reefs provide storm protection and food security for coastal communities  . Restoring reef systems reduced wave height in Madagascar , but there is limited evidence for the efficacy of coral reef restoration at large scales with increased warming . Populations at risk from storm surge and/or sea level rise coincide with areas of high coastal EbA potential from Mozambique to Somalia, and coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone . Understanding hotspots of EbA potential is particularly important for west Africa with some of the highest levels of human dependence on marine ecosystems at high risk from climate change and large populations vulnerable to sea level rise .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report