In recent decades water management in Europe has increasingly shifted towards integrated and adaptive strategies, with the most noticeable shifts in WCE  . While adaptive strategies are increasingly considered as an approach to strengthen flexibility and implement climate-change adaptation actions, given deep uncertainty about the future , more traditional water management approaches still dominate across Europe . Current measures focus on structural flood protection and water resources supply and play an important role to preserve present land use and development patterns. The long-term effectiveness of such measures is increasingly challenged by their reinforcing path dependency . This path dependency limits the solution space and may hamper implementation of transformative measures, such as land-use change, to accommodate the water system  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report