The previous section documented adaptation responses in water use sectors we assess in this chapter , and noted that in many instances, effectiveness of those responses is not clear. While there are thousands of case studies of implemented adaptation responses  to water insecurity, there is a lack of synthesised understanding about the effectiveness and benefits of adaptation  and whether or not those benefits also translate into climate risk reduction . In contrast, literature on the effectiveness of future projected adaptation in reducing climate risks is limited in number. Yet, even then, the findings are not synthesised across various options to make an overall assessment of the effectiveness of future projected adaptation. In this section, we draw on two meta-review protocols  and assess the benefits of current adaptation and effectiveness of future projected adaptation in reducing climate risks. We also assess limits to adaptation and trade-offs and synergies between adaptation and mitigation.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report