permafrost thaw could increase the cost of infrastructure lifecycle replacement by 27% by mid-century under RCP8.5 . Northern Canada and Western Siberia are at particularly high risk, which are projected to cost additional annual spending of over 1% of annual gross regional product to maintain existing infrastructure . For instance, under an RCP8.5 scenario, climate change could affect over 19% of structures and infrastructure assets in Russia, which would cost an estimated $84.4 billion USD to mitigate damages . Fifty-four percent of residential buildings are projected to be affected by significant permafrost degradation by the mid-century, costing an additional estimated $52.6 billion USD . Sea level rise  and reduced sea ice protection is projected to compound permafrost thaw damages, including low lying coasts , low-lying barrier islands , and deltas  . In Alaska,
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report