TS.B.8 Cities and settlements  have continued to grow at rapid rates and remain crucial both as concentrated sites of increased exposure to risk and increasing vulnerability and as sites of action on climate change . More people and key assets are exposed to climate-induced impacts, and loss and damage in cities, settlements and key infrastructure since ARS . Sea level rise, heatwaves, droughts, changes in runoff, floods, wildfires and permafrost thaw cause disruptions of key infrastructure and services such as energy supply and transmission, communications, food and water supply and transport systems in and between urban and peri-urban areas . The most rapid growth in urban vulnerability and exposure has been in cities and settlements where adaptive capacity is limited, including informal settlements in low- and middle-income communities and in smaller and medium-sized urban communities .  
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report