The collapse or transformation of ecosystems is one of the most abrupt potential tipping points associated with climate change. Climate change has started to induce such tipping points, with the first examples including mass mortality in coral reef ecosystems  , and changes in vegetation cover triggered by wildfires with climate change suppressing the recovery of the former cover  . Another example of an abrupt change in an ecosystem triggered by a climate extreme is the shift from kelp- to urchin-dominated communities along parts of the Western North America coast . The loss of kelp forests was induced by a marine heatwave where anthropogenic climate forcing has been shown to have increased the probability for an event of that duration by at least a factor of 33 . Many terrestrial ecosystems on all continents show evidence of significant structural transformation, including woody thickening and 'greening' in more water-limited ecosystems, with a significant role played by rising atmospheric CO2 fertilisation in these trends  . Climate change is identified as a major driver of increases in burned areas in the Western USA .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report