Agriculture in Africa is especially vulnerable to future climate change in part because 90-95% of African food production is rainfed . Maize, rice, wheat and soybean yields in tropical regions  are projected to decrease approximately 5% per degree Celsius of global warming in a multi-model ensemble . Dryland agricultural areas are especially sensitive to changes in rainfall. For example, without adaptation, substantial yield declines are projected for staple crops in north Africa. A recent meta-analysis of 56 studies indicates that, compared to 1995-2005, economic welfare in the agriculture sector in north Africa is projected to decline 5% for 2ºC global warming and 20% for 3ºC global warming, and in sub-Saharan Africa by 5%  and 10%  , both more pessimistic than previous economic estimates.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report