climate change is expressed differently in several sub-regions. Extreme floods in the southern Amazon and Bolivian Amazon floodplains were described and related to the exceptionally warm sub-tropical South Atlantic ocean  , causing high economic impacts  and number of fatalities  . In contrast, declines in stream flow, particularly in the dry season, expressed by the ratio of runoff to rainfall, are observed for the southern part of the Amazon basin  . Observed precipitation reduction in the Cerrado region impacted main water supply reservoirs for important cities in the Brazilian central region, leading to a water crisis in 2016/2017  and affecting hydropower energy generation . Modelling studies project decreases in the river discharge rate on the order of 27% for the Tapajos basin and 53% for the Tocantins-Araguaia basin for the end of the century, which may affect freshwater biodiversity, navigation and generation of hydroelectric power  . This region also holds one of the largest floodplains in the world, the Pantanal. The climatic connection of Pantanal regions to the Amazon, and the influence of deforestation in local precipitation  has implications for conservation of ecosystem services and water security in Pantanal  . Impacts of extreme drought, with increasing numbers of dry days and the peak of
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report