In European cities, CRD is most evident in the areas of green infrastructure, energy-efficient buildings and construction, and active and low-carbon transport . Nature-based Solutions, such as urban greening, often integrate adaptation and mitigation in sustainable urban developments and are associated with increasing natural and social capital in urban communities, improving health and well-being, and raising property prices . Barriers to CRD in European cities include limitations in: funding, local capacity, guidance documents and quantified information on costs, co-benefits and trade-offs . Pilot projects are used to initiate CRD transitions . Malmö  and Milan  are two examples to illustrate the strategies and challenges of two European cities attempting to implement CRDP.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report