Mountain river systems are especially sensitive to and affected by climate change and continuing anthropogenic disturbance, including water pollution, hydropower development, water withdrawals for agriculture and human consumption and biodiversity loss and ecosystem changes  . The effects of climate and cryosphere change in mountains on downstream water and river systems have been studied and quantified for many regions worldwide . Comprehensive approaches focusing on both water demand and supply aspects provide regionally or locally specified information on water availability, scarcity and security  . Present and potential future hotspot regions of water scarcity that rely heavily on mountainous water sources include Central Asia, South Asia, tropical and subtropical western South America and southwestern North America  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report