Vulnerability and exposure to the impacts of climate change are complex and affected by multiple, interacting non-climatic processes, which together influence risk, including socioeconomic processes , resource access and livelihood changes  and intersectional vulnerability among social groups . Socioeconomic processes encompass broader social, economic and governance trends, such as expanded investment in large energy and transportation infrastructure projects , rising external debt , changing role of the state in social development , environmental management  and conflict, as well as those emanating from climate change mitigation and adaptation projects . These macro trends shape both urban and rural livelihoods, including the growing diversification of rural livelihoods through engagement in the informal sector and other non-farm activities, and are mediated by complex and intersecting factors like gender, ethnicity, class, age, disability and other dimensions of social status that influence access to resources . Research increasingly highlights the intersectionality of multiple dimensions of social identity and status that are associated with greater susceptibility to loss and damage .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report