All biodiversity hotspots are impacted, to differing degrees, by human activities . Climate change impacts are compounded by other anthropogenic impacts. These include habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting, fishing and its bycatch, over- exploitation, water abstraction, nutrient enrichment, pollution, human introduction of invasive species, pests and diseases. All of these reduce climate resilience , complicating the attribution of observed changes to climate change. 
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report