However, some insular species have shown resilience to climate change. Intact island forests, for example, have shown rapid recovery rates after tropical cyclones, despite high levels of initial damage, especially in the Caribbean  . Additionally, many Mediterranean islands are 'disturbance adapted', with continued persistence of some single- island endemic plants, despite exposure to multiple threats . This continued persistence has been attributed, at least partially, to climate refugia, oceanic buffering and high habitat heterogeneity within topographically complex mountainous regions . However, this climate resilience will not be sustained under climate change, especially when coupled with habitat degradation  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report