Although an increase in drought hazard is projected for north and southwest southern Africa with increased global warming , central African countries may have the highest drought risk because of high vulnerability and high population growth . Among continents, Africa contains the second largest population of people living in drylands, which is expected to double by 2050 . Continuing current population and GDP growth trends, the extent of urban land in arid zones is projected to increase around 180% in southern Africa, 300% in north Africa and 700% in mid-latitude Africa by 2030 when compared to 2000, without considering climate change . At 1.5℃ warming, urban populations exposed to severe droughts in west Africa are projected to increase  and increase further at 2ºC . Risks associated with increases in drought frequency and magnitudes are projected to be substantially larger at 2°℃ than at 1.5℃ for north Africa and southern Africa . Dryland populations exposed  to water stress, heat stress, and desertification are projected to reach 951  million at 1.5°C, 1152  million at 2°C, and 1285  million at 3°℃ of global warming . At global warming of 2℃ under a scenario of low population growth and sustainable development , the exposed  dryland population is 974  million and for higher population growth and low environmental protections  it is 1.27 billion , a majority of which is in west Africa .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report