Berries are among the most important and widely consumed wild foods of plant origins in Arctic and northern regions . Berry production will be impacted by climate change, including snow cover, rainfall, soil moisture, air temperature and availability of insect pollinators  and possible risk from sea-level-rise-associated soil salinisation . Increased growth of woody shrub vegetation, driven by increased temperatures, can also make moving across the land difficult, impairing access to berry patches . Conversely, a recent modelling experiment suggested that the >2℃ warming experienced by Arctic communities over the past three decades has had minimal impact on overall trail access . In Alaska, communities perceive berry abundance as declining and/or becoming more variable . In a Gwich'in community in Canada, Parlee and Berkes  recorded that local women perceived climate change, especially extreme weather events, as the greatest risk to traditional berry patches . The expansion of trees and shrubs may cause shading and negatively impact the productivity of berry plants . Berries are predicted to be increasingly susceptible to negative impacts of invasive species   and infections  as climate change progresses. Suitable area of huckleberry  would shrink by 5-40% by the end of the 21st century . Phenological shifts are also important. Many communities report changes in phenology including failed ripening or 'all of the berries are ripening at the same time' . Competition with growing populations of geese is viewed by many communities to be an important threat to berry harvesting. . In Labrador, Canada, changes in permafrost, vegetation, water and weather have had an impact on cloudberry  productivity, phenology and patch fragmentation. Moreover, changes in summer settlement patterns  are making it more difficult for people to respond to variations in growth and timing . In Montana, USA, Crow Nation elders have noted that many of their important berry resources have been impacted by climate change, either because they bud earlier and are then vulnerable to cold snaps, or the timing of fruit production has changed  . Similarly, the Wabanaki Nations in Maine and Eastern Canada worry that climate change will impact berry resources already under pressure from dwindling territory and pollution .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report