by redistributing heat and water . The ocean also provides a wealth of aesthetic and cultural resources , contains vast biodiversity , supports more animal biomass than on land  and produces at least half the world's photosynthetic oxygen . Ecosystem services  delivered by ocean and coastal ecosystems support humanity by protecting coastlines, providing nutrition and economic opportunities  and providing many intangible benefits. Even though ecosystem services and biodiversity underpin human well-being and support climate mitigation and adaptation , there are also ethical arguments for preserving biodiversity and ecosystem functions regardless of the beneficiary . This chapter assesses the impact of climate change on the full spectrum of ocean and coastal ecosystems, on their services and on related human activities, and it assesses marine-related opportunities within both ecological and social systems to adapt to climate change.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report