To coordinate between a suite of applicable risk management interventions, the concept of risk layering has been discussed and used in  risk governance of disaster risk management  and climate risk management . Incremental risk prevention and preparedness as well as risk financing occurs within national systems. Over the years, regional cooperation, such as through the regional sovereign insurance pools in the Caribbean, the Pacific and Africa, but also transboundary risk management elsewhere have become more important  . Also, with risks increasingly experienced as severe and existential , global governance and solidarity have been invoked , largely as part of the policy discourse on Loss and Damage  with further momentum provided by discussions on the global goal of adaptation and recognition of climate risk as transboundary . Transformational risk management has emerged where incremental and in situ adaptation is not effective in managing risks, such as for managed or strategic retreat for communities facing severe coastal and riverine flooding . Transformation has not been well documented, including as to its governance .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report