Adaptation M&E generally seeks to answer whether implementation is taking place and what effects it has . Accordingly, M&E can focus on the processes, activities and outputs or on their outcomes and ultimate impacts . Most of the available guidance for the development of adaptation M&E systems is aimed at the household, local or project level  with only limited guidance for national or cross-sectoral M&E systems  or frameworks that are applicable at different scales . The available guidebooks take users through a series of steps which are synthesised in Figure 17.12.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report