example, in energy and risk prevention in coastal and riverine cities, stimulating regulations and bottom-up initiatives . However, climate service efficacy is rarely systematically evaluated . Barriers to use include: lack of perceived usefulness of climate information to organisations and expertise to use the information, outdated statistics, mismatch between needs and type of information made available, insufficient effective engagement between providers and recipients of climate information and lack of business models to sustain climate services over time  . Adaptation-decision support platforms also face challenges regarding updating, training and engagement with users .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report