limit water availability for irrigation systems that depend on melt- water  . Biophysical limits may also be reached through impacts of hydrological extremes, such as crop loss as a consequence of extreme precipitation events . Such limits are reported to a limited to moderate extent across all adaptation options assessed . However, knowledge gaps remain about physical and biological constraints to adaptation in the water sector. Climate impacts, such as droughts in East Africa or glacier melt in the cryosphere, indicate that biophysical limits to adaptation may exist, even under current climate conditions  . A lack of investment in relevant infrastructure, such as dikes for example, as well as maladaptive effects of certain measures could increase existing risks and exacerbate impacts .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report