Due to regional and global interdependencies, climate resilience has a global, multi-level public good character . The benefits of adaptation are therefore shared beyond the places where adaptation is initially implemented. Conversely, adaptation may be successful at a local level while redistributing vulnerability elsewhere or even driving or exacerbating risks in other places . International cooperation is therefore needed to ensure that inter-regional effects are considered in adaptation and that adaptation efforts are coordinated to avoid maladaptation. However, regional- and global-scale governance of adaptation is only just beginning to emerge .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report