Adaptation strategies depend on the ability to project future impacts from climate change, but this is hampered by lack of fine-scale climate data, especially for developing small island nations. There is a paucity of robust impacts-based modelling output for terrestrial biodiversity from these islands due to the wide, chronic unavailability of Regional Climate Model  data premised on the most recent suite of scenarios   . Additionally, realistic assessments of changing climate on such small ecosystems require further RCM downscaling and verification to sub-island resolutions of <5 km. Furthermore, widely used statistically  downscaled data at sub-5 km resolutions, such as WorldClim are often unsuitable due to limited spatial and temporal resolutions of observation station data from small islands  and higher errors associated with statistical downscaling and locations with complex topography and coastlines . Widespread unavailability of such data constrains accurate simulations of climatic variation within the small-scale mountainous and coastal regions of islands, associated with climate refugia and high habitat heterogeneity  . This is a key element contributing to the continued delay in development of robust adaptation strategies towards not only biodiversity conservation but other important cross-sectoral issues  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report