Prevention or attenuation solutions include: rooftop detention, reservoirs, bioretention, permeable paving, infiltration techniques, open drainage, floating structures, wet-proofing, raised structures, coastal defences, barriers and levees, and have been deployed in diverse configurations and environments around the world . Barcelona  reached 90% impermeable surface cover by the 1980s, and has recently begun implementing artificial detention, underground reservoirs and permeable pavement technologies . Florida Power and Light , which provides service to approximately 10 million people, is investing USD 3 billion in flood protection and the hardening of assets  . The City of Seattle recommends increasing preventative maintenance activities, the regular review of appropriate pavement technologies and modifications to subgrades and drainage facilities for high-risk areas , whilst also providing benefits to transport disruption . Adaptation in African cities is often dominated by informal responses . In the absence of centralised responses, low-income residents in Nairobi  dig trenches and construct temporary dikes to protect homes, and in Accra  the community has developed a range of social responses, including communal drains and local evacuation teams, to help protect people and critical valuables, although these innovations require connection to city-wide infrastructure to effectively reduce widespread risk .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report