Procedural justice, which focuses on the institutional processes by which adaptation decisions are made, brings attention to the lack of opportunity for engaging in political decision making and limited representation of diverse voices in cities and settlements, and in relation to investment in infrastructure . Even when inclusive adaptation processes are run, they seldom produce procedurally just outcomes . Understanding who is excluded and included is important . One example is the increasing numbers of migrants who are confronted with lack of access to citizenship rights and housing tenure . Often, migrants are not allowed to formally claim public provisions in health, finance and shelter . Further, migrants and their settlements are likely unrecognised in spatial or infrastructure development plans. In this context, social infrastructure, zoning and land use planning for climate adaptation has triggered inequity through omission, as some planning process have been racialised and excluded groups such as migrants and ethnic minorities . Urban adaptation policy-making processes that explicitly integrate multiple stakeholder interests can help to balance top-down solutions .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report