Institutional change refers to processes that aim to shift existing norms and practices within organisations to deliver more effective action for adaptation. Institutional change at the local level can be achieved with diverse strategies . Table 6.7 illustrates various instruments that enable the institutionalisation of climate adaptation concerns into policy and planning. As Table 6.7 shows, institutional change is often used as synonymous with mainstreaming. Both terms refer to the integration of climate adaptation concerns into other areas of work and as part of practical routines and arguments . Early assessments understood mainstreaming as activities that integrate climate adaptation into long-range and sectoral plans . Since then, efforts to mainstream climate adaptation have grown into agendas around the community and economic development , climate mitigation , spatial and infrastructure planning , urban finance , public health , environmental management  and multi-level decision making . Such efforts require various degrees of regulatory or programmatic action to integrate adaptation with other concerns . However, institutional change has a broader remit than mainstreaming adaptation, as it may include, for example, changing the organisations already dealing with climate adaptation and make them more effective including changes in inputs, procedures and options .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report