TS.D.1.4 Many cities and settlements have developed adaptation plans since AR5, but a limited number of these have been implemented so that urban adaptation gaps exist in all world regions and for all hazard types . Many plans focus on climate risk reduction, missing opportunities to advance cobenefits of climate mitigation and sustainable development and risking compounding inequality and reduced well-being . The largest adaptation gaps exist in projects that manage complex risks, for example in the food-energy-water-health nexus or the interrelationships of air quality and climate risk . Most innovation in adaptation has occurred through advances in social and ecological infrastructures, including disaster risk management, social safety nets and green/blue infrastructure . However, most financial investment continues to be directed narrowly at large-scale hard engineering projects after climate events have caused harm . 
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report