Recorded alterations of ecological interactions include increased competition, changes to migratory routes  and mismatches between species, such as increased pathogen attacks on Mediterranean forest species . Also, in some areas of Madagascar there has been increased vulnerability to fire, due to the replacement of succulents by less fire-resilient species . Further, the low functional redundancy of island ecosystems implies a comparatively higher proportion of keystone species than continents, many of them being endemic , with potentially unpredictable system consequences due to climate-induced ecological changes. For example, Caribbean land crabs have been observed to alter their food intake as a response to drying conditions  and Aldabra giant land tortoises have reduced their activity in response to increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation ; such changes in both these ecosystem engineers are of potential consequence for seed dispersal, among other ecological functions.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report