The West Asia region, especially the Tigris-Euphrates alluvial plain, has been recognised as one of the most important dust-source areas in the world . The inhabitants of each of these settlements have experienced a decline in dust storms in recent decades, since the late 1980s at Nouakchott, since 2004 at Zabol and since the late 1970s at Minqin. Iran is mostly arid or semiarid, with deserts making up at least 25 million hectares of the country . Iran is experiencing unprecedented climate-related problems such as drying of lakes and rivers, dust storms, record-breaking temperatures, droughts and floods . There are three key factors responsible for the generation of sand and dust storms: strong wind, lack of vegetation and absence of rainfall . It seems that all of this is closely related to the heating surface and the occurrence of local dry instabilities . According to EcoMENA , sand and dust storms cause significant negative impacts on society, the economy and the environment at the local, regional and global levels. The seasonality of the numbers of dusty days  in Iran shows the highest frequency in summer followed by spring and autumn . In the past decade, West Asia has witnessed more frequent and intensified dust storms affecting Iran and other Persian Gulf countries . In terms of long-term frequency of dust events, observational analyses show an overall rising trend of the frequency of Iran's dust events in recent years . Results show that there has been a direct relationship between dust event, drought and years of intensive drought . Compared with the period 1980-2004, in the period 2025-2049, Iran is likely to experience more extended periods of extreme maximum temperatures in the southern part of the country, more extended periods of dry  as well as wet  conditions and a higher frequency of floods . The slope of precipitation in West Asia shows that during the period 2016-2045 in January, February, July and August, precipitation would increase and decrease in other months of the year . Temperatures in Central Asia have risen significantly within recent decades, whereas mean precipitation remains almost unchanged ; however, climatic trends can vary greatly between different sub-regions, across altitudinal levels and within seasons .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report