This chapter also assesses conditions supporting incremental and transformative adaptation . Incremental and transformative adaptation are both important but serve distinct roles in the interaction of urban systems, climate risk and risk management, and in advancing social justice, just transitions and climate resilient development . Climate resilient development pathways are an emerging concept in the literature since the AR5 . Climate resilient development is an iterative process of systemic change that integrates both mitigation and adaptation efforts . Initial studies highlight the way rapid urbanisation and precarious urban housing and land tenure can undermine climate resilient development, while human settlements that are managed to protect housing tenancy and land tenure rights can advance land use planning and social learning while reducing inequalities and vulnerability and enhancing resilient development (Mitchell, Enemark and Van der Molen, 2015; Bellinson
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report