Despite recent improvements in observational studies and climate modelling , the potential to quantify or infer formal causal relationships between multiple drivers and/or hazards remains limited . The mechanisms underlying the response are difficult to identify , effects vary among species and at different life stages, and an initial stress may influence the response to further stress . Additionally, hazards such as drought are often exacerbated by societal, industrial and agricultural water demands, requiring more sophisticated modelling of the physical and human systems . Observations of past compound events may not provide reliable guides as to how future events may evolve, because human activity and recent climate change continue to interact to influence both system functioning and a climate state not previously experienced 
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report