Architectural and urban design regulations at the single-building scale  facilitate climate responsive buildings that adapt to a changing climate and have the potential to collectively change user behaviour during extreme weather events . They include buildings that are adaptive to ensure user comfort during extremes of hot and cold as well as to floods . Changes to design standards can scale quickly and widely, but retrofit of existing buildings is expensive, so care must be taken to avoid potential negative impacts on social equity . Buildings can be adapted to the negative consequences of climate change by altering their characteristics, for example increasing the insulation values , adding solar shading , increasing natural ventilation, preferably during the night , solar orientation of bedroom windows , applying high-albedo materials for the building envelope , altering the thermal mass , adding green roofs/facades to poorly insulated buildings  and for water harvesting .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report