Projected climate change will cause habitat loss, alter physical and bio- logical processes, and decrease water quality in freshwater ecosystems  . Projected river warming of 1ºC-3ºC is expected to reduce thermal habitat for important salmon and trout species in the northwest USA by 5-31%  and in Mexico , and for multiple fish species in Canada . Cold-water streams at higher elevations will warm less and therefore may become climate refugia . Projected warming of mountain lake eco- systems  will affect ecosystem processes . Loss of cold-water inputs from retreating glaciers are expected to adversely affect alpine stream ecosystems . For anadromous fish species , future warming will reduce habitat suitability from river headwaters to oceans .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report