There is robust evidence of shifts that terrestrial species have shifted poleward in high latitudes, with general declines of sea-ice dependent as well as some extreme-polar-adapted species  , with often deleterious effects on the food security and traditional knowledge systems of Indigenous societies . Recent decades have seen declines in Arctic reindeer and caribou , and adaptation responses include utilisation of Indigenous knowledge with scientific sampling to maintain traditional management practices . Preserving herder livelihoods will necessitate novel solutions , where governance, ecological and socioeconomic trade-offs will be balanced at the local level . Wild meat consumption plays a critical, though not well understood, role in the diets and food security of several hundred million people , for example in lower latitudes such as Central Africa and the Amazon basin . Although illegal in many countries, wild meat hunting occurs either in places where there is no or
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report