European regions are affected by multiple KRs simultaneously. While there is a wide range in quantifications, there is high agreement that the consequences for socioeconomic and natural systems can be substantial, with more severe consequences in the south than in the north ; and there is some indication also for a west-to-east gradient, with higher uncertainty in eastern WCE and EEU, which makes adaptation more challenging . Furthermore, the food-water-energy-land nexus plays an important role in amplifying overall risk levels in Europe  . Southern Europe, European cities and coastal areas are projected to become hotspots of multiple risks  . The number of people exposed to multiple KRs in Europe are projected to at least double at 3°C GWL compared with 1.5℃ GWL , but risk levels are already higher at 1.5°C GWL than today for a number of KRs  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report