Additionally, since the last assessment, more robust scientific evidence exists on the impacts of sea level rise  and extreme sea level  events on small islands. Under Representative Concentration Pathways emission scenarios, RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, many low-lying coastal areas at all latitudes, including small islands, will experience SLR and ESL events such as coastal storm surges and coastal flooding more frequently in the coming decades . SLR and ESL events will affect atoll islands and islands with higher elevations differently. New studies forecast that small islands are likely to experience some of the largest increases in endemic extinctions and may substantially contribute to future global biodiversity loss as well as to impaired ecosystem functioning . Scientific evidence points to large population reductions with an extinction risk of 100% for endemic species within insular biodiversity hotspots by 2100 . An overarching concern since AR5 is the reduced habitability of small islands. Eight key risks  affecting the habitability of small islands are identified in this assessment and these are covered in the pertinent sections of this chapter which assess adaptation responses.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report