Secondary impacts occurring sequentially after an extreme hazard can severely affect disaster management, especially in complex urban systems . Over time, relatively small perturbations can cascade outward from a primary failure, triggering further failures in other dependent parts of the network some distance away from the primary failure . In some cities, such as those prone to compound flood hazards, these dependent network parts can be dams, levees or other critical flood protection infrastructure that are essential for managing these cascading risks . Failure of these infrastructure systems can result in sequential failures in urban transport , energy networks , urban biodiversity  and so-called na-tech disasters; when natural hazards trigger technological disasters . This risk cascade can propagate more widely by stopping flows of people, goods and services, with economic consequences beyond urban areas .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report