Water is also fundamental to all systems transitions, namely, transitions in energy, industrial, land and ecosystem and urban systems. Within energy and industrial system transitions, water stress for electricity generation has already caused impacts . Therefore, water efficiency measures are increasingly applied in both energy and industrial systems with benefits for mitigation and adaptation . Water is inextricably entwined with land and ecosystems transitions, with forested areas and ecosystems being integral components of the water cycle, regulating streamflow, fostering groundwater recharge and contributing to atmospheric water recycling  . However, mitigation action of large afforestation, can have negative water impacts , making it imperative to consider water footprint of land- and forest-based mitigation  . Sustainable forest management and NBS are promising alternatives for good water management . Water will also play a crucial role in sustainable urban transitions. Cities are already facing water-related impacts , which are projected to intensify with every degree of global warming  . Mitigation and adaptation measures in urban
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report