Asian urban areas are considered high-risk locations from projected climate change, extreme events, unplanned urbanisation and rapid land-use change  but also sites of ongoing adaptation . Asia is home to the largest share of people living in informal settlements, with 332 million in Eastern and Southeast Asia, and 197 million in Central and Southern Asia. By 2050, 64% of Asia's population will be urban. Coastal cities, especially in South and Southeast Asia, are expected to see significant increases in average annual economic losses between 2005 and 2050 due to flooding, with very high losses in East Asian cities under the high- emissions scenario . Climate change will amplify the urban heat-island effect across Asian cities  at 1.5℃ and 2°C temperature rise, both substantially larger than under the present climate . Under the high-emissions scenario, higher risks from extreme temperature and precipitation are projected for almost all cities , with impacts on freshwater availability, regional food security, human health and industrial outputs. By 2080, 940 million to 1.1 billion urban dwellers in South and Southeast Asia could be affected by extreme heat lasting more than 30 d yr-1 , with poorer populations affected the most. 
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report