Silva et al., 2018; da Silva et al., 2021; dos Reis et al., 2021; Libonati et al., 2021). Roads facilitate deforestation, fragmenting the rainforest and increasing the dryness and flammability of vegetation . Extreme droughts that occur during warm phases of the ENSO and the Atlantic Multi-Decadal Oscillation combine with the degradation of vegetation to cause extreme fire events  . In the State of Roraima, Brazil, distance to roads and infrastructure that enable deforestation and ENSO were the factors most explaining fire occurrence in the extreme 2015-2016 fire season . From 1973 to 2014, burned area increased in the Amazon, coinciding with increased deforestation . In the State of Acre, Brazil, burned area increased 36-fold from 1984 to 2016, with 43% burned in agricultural and livestock settlement areas . In the extreme fire year 2019, 85% of the area burned in the Amazon occurred in areas deforested in 2018 . Even though relatively higher moisture in 2019 led to burning below the 2002-2019 average across most of South America, burning in areas of recent deforestation in the Amazon were above the 2002-2019 average, indicating that deforestation, not meteorological conditions, triggered the 2019 fires . Furthermore, from 1981 to 2018, deforestation in the Amazon reduced moisture inputs to the lower atmosphere, increasing drought and fire in a self-reinforcing feedback . In the Amazon, deforestation exerts an influence on wildfire that can be stronger than climate change .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report