Research-based institutions have accelerated the development of Internet-based tools for visualising and exploring climate information, in addition to furthering the scholarship on adaptation. In the USA, joint university, foundation and government programmes have contributed to advancing the field with products such as oceanographic and fishery climate forecasting tools , in addition to methods for evaluating water resource plans under uncertainty about future mean and extreme conditions . Some regional research centres focus on stakeholder engagement in addition to research; these include the National and Regional Climate Adaptation Science Center Network of the US Geological Survey17, the US Department of Agriculture's Climate Hub Network18 and the Climate Program Office of NOAA19 which includes the Regional Integrated Science Assessment Network20 to support delivery of climate services. So-called networks of networks, consisting of NGOs as well as state and city government programmes, have provided an alternative to federal support. For example, the Science for Adaptation Network was formed subsequent to dismantling the federal advisory group to the US National Climate Assessment .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report