half of the period 1901-2017 . Observations from the Sahel demonstrated that temperature seasonality changes differ from rainfall seasonality changes , and there has been an increase in surface water and groundwater recharge in the Sahel since the 1980s, referred to as 'the Sahel paradox' . Research from the USA suggests that historical soil moisture levels can contribute to such variability . Studies from the Middle East show rising temperatures and declining rainfall trends , with most decreasing aridity trends in north Sudan and most increasing aridity trends in eastern Arabia over the period 1948-2018 .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report