recent decades . The design process for physical infrastructure projects and significant construction  typically includes risk assessments and social and environmental impact assessments that consider neighbouring land uses and connected infrastructure. Land use planning can consider diverse land uses and their interactions at the neighbourhood level . Resilience planning aims to bring together integrated, systemic views and enable joined-up planning at the city level  . There is however a lack of long-term studies that assess the climate change impacts on urban form, including informal settlements , leading to impact assessments that often overlook urban form . Additionally, context-specific spatial tools and community based approaches lack a precise connection to urban morphology. For example, there is a need for further studies that connect solar radiation, urban morphology , and the urban heat island spatio-temporal variability .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report