As well as temporal trends in climate-change risk perception, the lit- erature since AR5 continues to show much heterogeneity  among householders in respect of risk percep- tion . Higher climate-change risk perceptions have been observed in Spain, Portugal, Iceland and Germany ; at the individual level, women, younger age groups, more educated, left-leaning and those with more 'self-transcendent' values perceive more negative impacts from climate change, although the strength of these relationships varies across European nations . Stronger evidence exists since AR5 that experience of extreme weather events can shape climate-change risk perceptions, if these events are attributed to climate change or evoke negative emotions  . Proximity to climate hazards does not pre- dict adaptation responses in a straightforward way: in Portugal, those living by the coast were more likely to attribute local natural hazards to climate change and to take some adaptive measures ; while waterside residents in flood-prone regions of France and Austria were more resistant to relocation, due to higher place attach- ment . Migration from threatened regions is discussed in Section 13.8.1.3.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report