New methods have emerged since AR5 to attribute the change in likelihood or characteristics of weather or climate events or classes of events to underlying drivers . Typically, historical changes, simulated under observed forcings, are compared to a counterfactual climate simulated in the absence of anthropogenic forcing. Another approach examines facets of the weather and thermodynamic status of an event through process-based attribution . Events where attributable human influences have been found include hot and cold temperature extremes , heavy precipitation, and certain types of droughts and tropical cyclones . Event attribution techniques have sometimes been extended to 'end-to-end' assessments from climate forcing to the impacts of events on natural or human systems .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report