The largest expanses of remaining vegetation in the Cerrado biome are located in SAM, but the region has a small number of protected areas , which will leave fauna and flora with little room for moving across the landscape in the face of climate change. Protected areas-Indigenous lands included-have significantly reduced forest clear-cutting in the Amazon deforestation arc   . However nearly 100 protected areas in the Amazon, Cerrado and Pantanal biomes inside SAM have been identified as highly or moderately vulnerable to future climate change and demand serious adaptation interventions  . Yet the maintenance of these protected areas or even the halting of deforestation may do little to impede a large-scale persistent ecosystem shift to an alternative state  of the Amazon rainforest or even more subtle changes caused by climate change in the region  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report