Further research by experts and local stakeholders and Indigenous Peoples is required to design more accurate and comprehensive indicators . Solid evidence shows important knowledge and experiences that Indigenous Peoples and local communities contribute to disaster risk reduction and management . Recognising the land rights of Indigenous Peoples is among the most cost-effective actions to address climate and biodiversity risks according to FAO and FILAC . In Indigenous Peoples' forest lands in the Amazon basin, deforestation rates are up to 50% lower than in other forested areas , and Indigenous management is correlated with reduced carbon emissions . Indigenous authors and local authors have pointed out the role of traditional systems of governance, knowledge and belief systems in the resilience of Indigenous Peoples and rural communities in the Amazonian and Andean regions, by regulating seed access and the conservation of agrobiodiversity and tropical forest . In the Philippines, the traditional land use system Muyong promotes sustainable agroforestry management based on customary land laws . Participation of local stakeholders and the inclusion of a gender perspective contribute to prioritising resource allocation and the development of effective legal frameworks for adaptation . There is a need to combine quantitative and qualitative methods, and increase research efforts to integrated approaches; including multi- scalar and interdisciplinary assessments of vulnerability .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report