At the same time, urban populations will also be experiencing indirect risks through climate change impacts on food and potable water systems, variations in the distribution and seasonality of infectious diseases and growing demand for shelter due to increased in- migration. The accumulation of these risks over time can be expected to generate accelerating declines in community resilience and health, with future vulnerability potentially expanding in a nonlinear fashion . Further, although each individual risk in isolation may be transitory or temporary for the individuals or groups exposed, taken cumulatively, the impacts could create conditions of chronic lack of well-being, and early life experiences with specific illnesses and conditions could have lifelong consequences . In this context, there is a distinct need for greater longitudinal research on vulnerability to multiple climatic and non-climatic health and well-being hazards over time . There is also need for more research to identify critical thresholds in social vulnerability to climate change ; these include rapid, stepwise changes in vulnerability that emerge from changes in exposure ) and thresholds in adaptation processes ).
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report