It is not surprising, therefore, that while SAM is the region in CSA that experienced the highest temperature increase in the last century, it is where most of the fire spots in the sub-continent are located, owing also to the prevalent use of fires in pasturelands  . Recently, da Silva Junior et al.  reported 6,708,350 and 6,188,606 fire foci in Cerrado and Amazonia, between 1999 and 2018, corresponding to 80% of the total observed in Brazil. The occurrence of extreme droughts has affected the carbon and water cycles in large areas of the Amazon rainforest  , in particular in its southern and eastern portions, where deforestation rates are higher. The loss of carbon in the Amazon region considering the combined effect of land use change in the southern portion of the region bordering Cerrado and Pantanal and global carbon emission scenarios can be as high as 38% at 4℃ of warming, but limited to 8% if the Paris Agreement limit of 1.5℃ is achieved  , driving the region to be a net carbon source to the atmosphere . A recent extreme drought was estimated to affect the photosynthetic
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report