Major risks to terrestrial ecosystems across North America, such as semiarid landscapes, rangelands, boreal and temperate forests, and Arctic tundra, include significant ecosystem transformations and shifts in species abundances and ranges, and major vegetation types , with cascading implications for regional biodiversity . Warming increases the risk of permafrost thaw with propagating impacts on species and communities in the Canadian and US Arctic  . 6Forest disturbances, including wildfire, drought, insects and pathogens, are expected to increase with warming, acting synergistically to raise the prevalence of tree mortality and ecosystem transformation  . These changes
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report