The Special Report on Oceans and Cryosphere  similarly emphasizes the role governance plays in reducing disaster risk, through planning, and zoning . It identifies vulnerability factors such as poverty, which can undermine resilience and sustainable development in urban communities  The SROCC report shows that the emerging climate-related challenges are impacting the accessibility and availability of vital resources and blurring the public and private boundaries of risk and responsibility . According to the SROCC report, new governance arrangements are emerging to address these challenges, including participatory and networked structures, and institutions linking formal and informal networks involving state, private sector, Indigenous and civil society actors . The SROCC report calls for place-specific action because there is no single climate governance panacea for the ocean, coasts and cryosphere . The SROCC report highlights evidence of the importance of inclusivity, fairness, deliberation, reflexivity, responsiveness, social learning, the co-production of knowledge, and respect for ethical and cultural diversity in climate-related urban decision making . In addition, the Special Report on Climate Change and Land notes that urbanisation can intensify extreme rainfall events over the city or downwind of urban areas and have can significant consequences for heat island effects on loss of food production, posing additional
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report