Extreme climate events act as both direct drivers  and as indirect drivers  of involuntary migration and displacement . Most documented examples of climate-related displacement occur within national boundaries, with international movements occurring primarily within regions, particularly between countries with contiguous borders . Global statistics collected since 2008 by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre  show an annual average of over 20 million people internally displaced by weather-related extreme events, with storms and floods the most common drivers . The largest absolute number of people displaced by extreme weather each year occurs in Asia , followed by sub-Saharan Africa, but small island states in the Caribbean and South Pacific are disproportionately affected relative to their small population size . Immobility in the context of climate risks can reflect vulnerability and lack of agency but can also be a deliberate choice of people to maintain livelihoods, economic considerations and social and cultural attachments to place  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report