Investment in urban adaptation has not kept pace with inno- vations in policy and practice . Knowledge transfer and innovation in adaptation has broadened advances in so- cial and ecological infrastructures including disaster risk management, social policy and green/blue infrastructure, especially where these are integrated with grey/physical infrastructure . Innovation has also taken place at the interface of differ- ence systems, for example information and communications technolo- gy  and water or energy, although financial investment has been slow to recognise and support these activities. Adaption finance con- tinues to be directed at large-scale grey/physical engineering projects, neglecting maintenance and reproducing risk of stranded assets if climate change risk accelerates beyond planned-for levels. Finance de- ployed at the interface of multiple, integrated adaptation measures can support climate resilient development . Access to finance is most difficult for city, local and non-state actors, and in con- ditions where governance is fragile. 
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report