The cultural context and sources of knowledge are myriad and diverse in small islands. Community members often use both IKLK as well as Western scientific-based weather forecasts to take actions to prepare for extreme weather events , with specific examples from Niue, Tonga, Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands  . In Samoa, people keep particular areas reserved for disaster times such as TC seasons , while in Vanuatu, IKLK indicators for TCs include mango trees flowering early and turtles going further inland to lay their eggs . IKLK are, however, not evenly distributed within communities due to IKLK being traditional intellectual property of particular roles in the villages , and not available to other community members or external actors directly . In Tongoa Island, Vanuatu, communities are finding, however, that their IKLK-based seasonal calendars are out of sync given the changes in climatic conditions , while erosion of IKLK remains a concern across most small island nations .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report