TS.D. 10.2 Access to and mobilising adequate financial resources for vulnerable regions is an important catalysing factor for timely climate resilient development and climate risk management . Total tracked climate finance has increased from USD364 billion yr1 in 2010/2011 to USD579 billion in 2017/2018, with only 4-8% of this allocated to adaptation and more than 90% of adaptation finance coming from public sources. Developed-country climate finance leveraged for developing countries for mitigation and adaptation has shown an upward trend, but it has fallen short of the USD100 billion yr1 2020 target of the Copenhagen commitment, and less than 20% has been for adaptation. Estimated global and regional costs of adaptation vary widely due to differences in assumptions, methods and data; the majority of more recent estimates are higher than the figures presented in AR5. Median  estimated costs for developing country adaptation from recent studies are USD127  and USD295  billion yr1 for 2030 and 2050 respectively. Examples of estimated regional adaptation include USD50 billion yr1 in Africa for 1.5℃ of warming in 2050, increasing to USD100-350 billion yr1 for 4ºC of global warming towards the end of the century. Increasing public and private finance flows by billions of dollars per year, increasing direct access to multilateral funds, strengthening project pipeline development and shifting finance from readiness activities to project implementation can enhance implementation of climate change adaptation and are fundamental to achieving climate justice for highly vulnerable countries, including small island states and African countries. 
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report