2016a; Elum et al., 2017; Kichamu et al., 2017; Alvar-Beltrán et al., 2020). Farmers attribute these perceived changes as a major driver of yield losses . Over half of surveyed farmers in west Africa perceive increases in crop pests and diseases as due to climate change as the range and seasonality of many pests and diseases change under warming . Pests and diseases contribute between 10-35% yield losses for wheat, rice, maize, potato and soybean in sub-Saharan Africa . Recent locust outbreaks in 2019 in east Africa have been linked to climate conditions caused in part by ocean warming .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report