Early warning systems  are defined as integrated systems of hazard monitoring, forecasting and prediction, disaster risk assessment, communication and preparedness activities systems to enable individuals, communities, governments and businesses to take timely action to reduce disaster risks in advance of hazardous events . By this definition, EWS are directly dependent on soft and hard infrastructure measures that increase capacity and reduce hazard . Aside from the capacity dependent on soft measures and the monitoring infrastructure, communication at all scales, from national weather services to local leaders, needs to be effective for prompt action . In many cases, EWS might be the only option to reduce flood casualties .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report