TS.B.8 Cities and settlements  have continued to grow at rapid rates and remain crucial both as concentrated sites of increased exposure to risk and increas- ing vulnerability and as sites of action on climate change . More people and key assets are exposed to climate-induced impacts, and loss and damage in cities, set- tlements and key infrastructure since AR5 . Sea level rise, heatwaves, droughts, changes in runoff, floods, wildfires and permafrost thaw cause disruptions of key infra- structure and services such as energy supply and transmission, communications, food and water supply and transport systems in and between urban and peri-urban areas . The most rapid growth in urban vulnerability and exposure has been in cities and settlements where adaptive capacity is limited, including informal settlements in low- and middle-in- come communities and in smaller and medium-sized urban communities .  
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report