A multi-sectoral approach, including the engagement of a range of stakeholders will likely benefit the response to longer-term heat risks through the implementation of measures such as climate- sensitive urban design and planning that mitigates UHI effects  . In the shorter-term, potentially localised solutions can include awnings, louvers, directional reflective materials, altering roof albedo, mist sprays, evaporative materials, green roofs and building facades and cooling centres . NbS to reduce heat that offer co-benefits for ecological systems include green and blue infrastructure  . The implementation of climate-sensitive design and planning can be constrained by governance issues  and the benefits are not always evenly distributed among residents. Implementation of climate-sensitive design and NbS does, however, need to be carried out within the context of wider public health planning because water bodies and moist vegetated surfaces provide suitable habitats for a range of disease vectors . Solutions recommended for
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report