et al., 2011; Rappold et al., 2012; Reid et al., 2016) and underlying medical conditions . The intersectionality of these subgroups plays an important role in health-related vulnerability to wildfire smoke. Among the elderly in the western USA, risks of respiratory admissions from wildfire smoke was significantly higher for African American women in lower-education counties . For Indigenous Peoples, medical visits for respiratory distress, heart disease and headaches increased during a wildfire in California . In northern Canada, Indigenous livelihoods were disrupted during a wildfire, which negatively impacted mental, emotional and physical health .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report