In contrast to warm-water coral reefs, there are no regional or global numerical models of rocky shore ecosystem response to projected climate change and acidification. Experiments suggest that existing genetic variation could be sufficient for some mussels  and coralline algae  to adapt over generations to ocean acidification. Populations exposed to variable environments often have a greater capacity for phenotypic plasticity and resilience to environmental change  and coralline algae ]. Although parental conditioning within and across generations is an acclimatisation mechanism to global change, there is limited evidence from experimental studies that this is applicable for marine invertebrates on rocky shores .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report