Shade-grown cocoa and coffee agroforestry systems provide an array of ecosystem services, including regulating pests and diseases, maintaining soil fertility, maintaining biodiversity and carbon sequestration  . For example, a comparison of Indonesian cocoa stands found that total carbon stocks above and below ground were five times higher in multi-shade agroforestry stands compared with monoculture stands , and total NPP was twice as high . The extra carbon sequestration was achieved without any notable difference in cocoa yield . At higher levels of shade, there can be negative impacts on the yield of the understory crop, but careful management of shade trees allows for both crops to thrive .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report