Biodiversity in NES is severely threatened by climate change in terrestrial  and freshwater  ecosystems . There are few studies projecting the likely impact of climate change on NES's biodiversity, especially its endemic freshwater fish. Recent studies have already reported the reduction in several endemic plant species affecting pollination and seed dispersal . Studies with terrestrial animals predict that most groups will be negatively impacted by climate change . Changes in the abundance of coral reef community and extreme reduction in coral cover have been observed in NES . A number of observed coral bleaching events associated with an abnormal increase in sea temperatures have occurred in NES  , but thus far mortality has remained low and corals have been able return to normal values or remain stable following sea water temperature rise  . Mangroves in the region have shown increased mortality, but they have also expanded their range inland  . Future projections include mangrove landward expansion and lower migration rates by 2100 .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report