The archaeological record has been used to infer linkages be- tween climatic variability and social process, including violence . Past North American societies have been exposed to greater climatic variability than is documented in the instrumental record. Because future climatic conditions are likely to exceed those known for the recent past , the North American archaeological record can illuminate possible relationships between climate variability and violence that cannot be observed in the present record. In the upland southwest US between 600 and 1280 CE, one study found that violence signifi- cantly increased as climatically controlled maize production decreased and interannual variability increased  ; massive emigration from the northern Southwest in the last half of the 1200s CE is connected with, though not com-
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Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
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