Climate-driven changes in temperature, salinity , deoxygenation and ocean acidification can alter dynamics of infectious diseases that target ocean and coastal species by increasing hosts' susceptibility or pathogens' abundance or virulence  . Coral and urchin diseases have increased over time driven by warming-related declines in organism recovery and survival or immunity  . Seagrass and sea star wasting disease outbreaks have occurred under combinations of ocean warming or MHWs and non-climate drivers , but attribution of these outbreaks to specific drivers is still not resolved . Disease outbreaks threaten marine biodiversity, species that create habitat or dampen wave action, and keystone species . Attributing observed changes in marine disease patterns to climate remains extremely difficult owing to interacting climate and non- climate drivers  and lack of baseline data . Projected increases in the frequency, duration and intensity of warming events would reduce survival and recovery of some species from hot events, reduce immunity of other species to pathogens, extend poleward ranges of some pathogens and increase infection risk when host species congregate in scarce habitat . Pathogens that target ocean and coastal organisms may themselves be sensitive to future climate conditions or subsequent
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report