There is growing evidence of shifts in species distributions and ecosystem structure and functioning in response to climate change . While many species are increasingly responding to climate change, there is limited evidence that these responses will be fully adaptive, and for many species the rate of response appears insufficient to keep pace with the rate of climate change under mid- and high-range emissions scenarios . There is relatively limited, but growing, empirical data to document adaptation of natural systems in the absence of human interventions. For example, Scheffers et al.  reviewed climate responses across diverse species, reporting widespread and extensive observed changes in organisms , populations , species  and ecosystems. A systematic review by Franks et al.  synthesised evidence from 38 empirical studies of changes in terrestrial plant populations, finding evidence to support a mix of plastic and evolutionary responses. Boutin and Lane  similarly reviewed adaptive responses in mammals, finding most species' responses to be due to phenotypic plasticity. Charmantier and Gienapp  reviewed responses to climate change among birds, finding emerging evidence that birds from a range of taxa show advancement in their timing of migration and breeding in response to warming. Aragão et al.  reviewed adaptation responses in marine systems, including 12 studies of live marine mammals. They observed widespread evidence of shifting distributions and timing of biological events .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report