The main barriers to urban climate adaptation, and strategies to address them, relate to institutional change  . Institutions include legislative and policy frameworks and guidelines intended to direct the action of government, civil society and private sector organisations and extend into informal and customary practices that shape individual behaviour. Many of the barriers that inhibit institutions acting in ways that can support action for inclusive and sustainable adaptation have historical roots, grounded in complex political and social relations and can be reinforcing . Overcoming these barriers requires coordinating the activities of multiple actors who can facilitate institutional and political change .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report