Several characteristics of natural systems are associated with greater vulnerability to extreme events , knowledge of which can inform solutions to build resilience and aid recovery . Resilience can be built prior to an event by minimising additional disturbances, such as water extraction from river systems, pollution of aquatic systems, fragmentation of land and LULCCs. Managing landscapes to reduce fragmentation and increase habitat extent, connectivity and heterogeneity, by increasing the number and extent of reserves, may provide local refugia from extreme events and enhance post-event recolonisation, but may be less effective for marine systems . Maintaining taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity is important, as more diverse systems may be more stable in the face of disturbances .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report