Conducting sufficiently long manipulation experiments to study the effect of adaptation on organisms is equally difficult , with much research restricted to multi-year studies of the microevolution of fast-growing  phytoplankton species responding to single drivers . In a few experimental evolution studies  in Figure Box 3.1.1a; Brennan et al., 2017), multiple drivers have been used, but none have used communities or ecosystems . Nevertheless, the fossil record provides limited evidence of adaptations to less rapid  climate change . Despite the need to explore ecological or biogeochemical responses to projected future ocean conditions, logistical challenges require that assessments of climate-change impacts at scales larger than mesocosms use large-scale, long-term in situ observational studies .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report