Climate-induced changes in seasonal sea ice extent and thickness as well as ocean stratification are altering marine primary production , with impacts on ecosystems . Changes in the timing, duration and magnitude of primary production have occurred in both polar oceans, with marked regional or local variability . In both polar regions, climate-induced changes in ocean and sea ice conditions have expanded the range of temperate species and contracted the range of polar fish and ice-associated species . Ocean acidification will affect several key Arctic species .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report