New studies document the long-term effects of climate change impacts on people's livelihoods that persist long after a hazard event. For example, the impact of drought on livelihoods and food security is still recognisable in Mali, 30 years after 1982-1984, the period of most intense drought during the protracted late 20th century drying of the Sahel. The most food secure households associated with persistent drought-induced famine were those that diversified livelihoods away from subsistence agriculture during and after the famine . Meanwhile, a larger fraction of households with fewer livelihood activities, lower food security with higher reliance on detrimental nutrition-based coping strategies  were those unable to diversify livelihoods 30 years previously. Sufficient time has passed to consider the long- term outcomes for the poor in extreme cases featured in previous IPCC assessments, including Hurricane Katrina   and Hurricane Mitch  , forewarning that recovery is complex and requires significant sustained long-term investment in 'soft' aspects of development, including community organisation and mental health .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report