With various degrees of water stress being experienced under current conditions and further changes in regional water availability projected, as well as continuing groundwater depletion as a consequence of over-abstraction for irrigation purposes , limitations to major irrigation expansion will occur in some regions, including South and Central Asia, the Middle East and parts of North and Central America . Constraining projections of available irrigation water through consideration of environmental flow requirements further reduces the potential for irrigation capacity and expansion . Changes in land use and production patterns, for example, expansion of rain-fed production and increasing inter-regional trade, would be required to meet growing food demand while preserving environmental flow requirements, though this may increase local food security-related vulnerabilities  . Where climate impacts on yields are not a consequence of water limitations , irrigation cannot offset negative yield impacts .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report