to disease when exposed to acidification conditions and pathogen challenge indicating incapability for supporting long-term viability of the population . More tolerance and benefits to rising pCO2 was observed in clam species like Paphia undulate which has been attributed to adaptation to its acidified sediment habitat . Warming boosted the energy budget of marine calcifiers like the gastropod Austrocochlea concamerata, by faster shell growth and greater shell strength, making them more mechanically resilient while acidification negatively affected shell building thereby impacting the physiological adaptability . It is expected that there will be transgenerational acclimation to changes in ocean acidification in marine invertebrates .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report