Advances in remote sensing and climate analysis tools have allowed the development of weather index insurance products as a potential adaptation option, with Malawi and Ethiopia being early testbeds . These pilot projects were initially sponsored by NGOs, but in the last decade, the private sector has become more active in this sector. The Ghana Agricultural Insurance Pool and Agriculture and Climate Risk Enterprise  in Kenya, Tanzania and Rwanda are examples. Despite the potential for weather index insurance, uptake by smallholder farmers in Africa remains constrained by several factors. These include the failure to capture actual crop loss as in traditional crop insurance products, as well as the inability of poor farmers to pay premiums . Weather index insurance could be part of a wider portfolio of risk mitigation services offered to farmers . Strategic partnerships between key players  are needed to develop better products and build capacity among smallholder farmers to engage more beneficially with weather index insurance .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report