Increases in vector-borne diseases can be related to increases in rainfall and minimum temperatures during ENSO events  and the expansion of the diseases' altitudinal distribution  . ENSO events have been related to such diseases as dengue and leptospirosis ; they can also lead to an increased incidence of chikungunya . Precipitation, relative humidity and temperature have influenced dengue incidence in recent years  . Dengue cases are predicted to increase in the 1.5°C and the 3.7°C warming scenarios by 2050 and 2100, with increases ranging from 28,900 to 88,800 in Peru, 34,600 to 110,000 in Ecuador, and 97,400 to 317,000 in Colombia, although these scenarios do not consider the potential effects of vaccines or socioeconomic trajectories . Other studies found that Aedes aegypti  will shift into higher elevations, increasing the populations at risk  . Climate change will contribute to increased malaria vectorial capacity   . Increases in minimum temperature were associated with historical malaria transmission when taking into consideration disease control interventions and climate factors . Figure 12.4 shows mixed changes in the number of months suitable for malaria transmission, with low-lying areas in coastal regions becoming more suitable. Zoonotic tick-borne diseases and the epidemiology of tuberculosis are also influenced .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report