Finance is a key barrier globally for ocean health, governance and adaptation to climate change  . Global adaptation finance was estimated to total 30 billion USD yr-1 in 2017-2018, or 5% of all climate finance , with no tracking specifically for coastal or marine adaptation in low- to middle-income countries. Marine-focused adaptation finance is difficult to trace and label due to the cross-sectoral nature of many projects  and the lack of clear definitions about what qualifies as adaptation or as new and additional finance . Finance for marine conservation from Overseas Development Assistance doubled between 2003 and 2016, reaching 634 million USD in 2016, similar to the level provided by philanthropic foundations . Yet coastal adaptation to SLR alone is projected to cost hundreds of billions of USD yr-1, depending on the model and emission scenario . Economic and financing barriers to marine adaptation are often higher in low- to middle- income countries, where resources influence governance and constrain options for implementation and maintenance  , and impacts on their coastal and marine ecosystems could total several percentage points of their gross domestic product . Current financial flows are insufficient to meet the costs of coastal and marine impacts of climate change  and ocean- focused finance is unevenly distributed, with higher flows within, and to, developed countries .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report