There is robust evidence and high agreement that agro-forestry systems can increase ecological and adaptive capacity . Benefits include preservation of ecosystems services, such as water provision and soil conservation, more efficient use of limited land, alleviation of land degradation, prevention of desertification and improved agricultural output. Agro-forestry solutions also result in co-benefits in the water-energy-land-food nexus, with observed positive outcomes in soil management, crop diversification, water efficiency and alternative sources of energy . Further, they can have social and economic benefits
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report