The effectiveness of different strategies and interventions is mediated by physical coastal features for hard adaptation measures and by the scope and depth of soft adaptation measures, for example by the coverage and extent of social safety nets for the urban poor . Their feasibility is also shaped by socioeconomic, cultural, political and institutional factors, for example social acceptance of measures . Together, response effectiveness and feasibility shape the solution space for mediating risks , which is achieved chiefly through governance interventions, for example laws and regulations . Access to financial resources expands the solution space, most notably for some resource-rich coastal archetypes , but rapid population growth and unfolding climate-driven impacts can increase risks , especially for small island and poorer C&S .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report