Observed societal impacts of climate change, such as mortality due to floods, droughts and storms, are much greater for regions with high vulnerability compared to regions with low vulner- ability, which reveals the different starting points that regions have in their move towards climate resilient development . Observed average mortality from floods, drought and storms is 15 times higher for regions and countries ranked as very high vulnerable, such as Mozambique, Somalia, Nigeria, Afghanistan and Haiti compared to very low vulnerable regions and countries, such as UK, Australia, Canada and Sweden in the last decade . Over 3.3 billion people are living in countries classified as very highly or highly vulnerable, while around 1.8 billion people live in countries with low or very low vulnerability . Approximately 3.6 billion people live in low and lower middle-income countries, which are most vulnerable and disproportionally bear the human costs of dis- asters due to extreme weather events and hazards . The population in most vulnerable countries is projected to increase sig- nificantly by 2050 and 2100, while the population in countries with low vulnerability is projected to decrease or grow only slightly. Vulnerability is a result of many interlinked issues concerning poverty, migration, in- equality, access to basic services, education, institutions and govern- ance capacities, often made more complex by past developments, such as histories of colonialism . 
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report