There is high agreement and robust evidence that climate change impacts also have a major influence on key enabling conditions for migration, such as sociodemographic, economic and political factors , and that climate change impacts to development and governance may affect how people migrate . Mobility, which was considered the most viable climate change adaptation strategy to poor pastoralists, is restricted due to the political marginalisation of pastoral groups, land privatisation, governments' decentralisation policies and plantation investment . While migration can be an adaptation response to climate change impacts , climate change impacts can also act as a direct driver of forced displacement . Societal groups that are forced to involuntarily migrate in response to climate change impacts may lack resources to invest in planned relocation mainly due to lack of good governance systems . For people displaced by climate change impacts, policy interventions have a determining influence on migration outcomes, such as the numbers of migrants, the timing of migration and destinations .The process of displacement and forced migration leaves people more exposed to climate change-related extreme weather events, particularly in low-income countries which often host the highest number of displaced people .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report