The most prominent example of a system assessed to be already in a high risk state is that of coral reefs, which are already degrading rapidly. Observed impacts on coral reefs increased significantly during 2014-2017 . This includes mass bleaching in the Indian Ocean in 1998, 2010, 2015 and 2016 when bleaching intensity exceeded 20% in surveyed locations in the western Indian Ocean, eastern Indian Ocean and western Indonesia. In the tropical Pacific Ocean, climate- driven mass bleaching was reported in all countries in the region, with most bleaching reports coinciding with 2014-2017 marine heatwaves. Fifty percent of coral within shallow-water reefs of the
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report