Adaptation costs in Africa are expected to rise rapidly as global warming increases . A meta-analysis of adaptation costs identified in 44 NDCs and National Adaptation Plans  from developing countries estimated a median adaptation cost around USD 17 per capita per year for 2020-2030 . Adaptation cost estimates for Africa increase from USD 20-50 billion per year for Representative Concentration Pathway  2.6 in 2050 , to USD 18-60 billion per year for just over 2ºC, to USD 100-437 billion per year for 4℃ of global warming above pre-industrial levels . Focusing on individual sectors, the average country-level cost is projected to be USD 0.8 billion per year for adapting to temperature- related mortality under 4°℃ global warming , with cumulative energy costs for cooling demand projected to reach USD 51 billion by 2ºC and USD 486 billion by 4℃ global warming . Transport infrastructure repair costs are also projected to be substantial  More precise estimates are limited by methodological difficulties and data gaps for costing adaptation, uncertainties about future levels of global warming and associated climate hazards, and ethical choices such as the desired level of protection achieved  . As such, existing estimates are expected to substantially underestimate eventual costs with adaptation costs possibly 2-3 times higher than current global estimates by 2030, and 4-5 times higher by 2050 .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report