The RFC assessment reflects the latest understanding of warming reported in WGI AR6. Global surface temperature was 1.09 °C higher in 2011-2020 than 1850-1900, with stronger warming over land ºC) than over the ocean ºC) . Warming levels are commonly reported and studied in the impacts literature using two scales of spatially averaged temperature rise, global surface air temperature , commonly produced by General Circulation Models  when projecting climate changes, and global mean surface temperature , commonly used in empirical studies. Both have the same reference point of pre-industrial of 1850-1900. The ember diagrams presented here use GSAT, which is consistent with most literature of projected risk . To the extent that the embers also draw on the observed impacts literature using GMST, this potential variation is minimal as the average levels of GSAT and GMST have been shown to match closely (for
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report