performance and sensitivity to temperature, water, nitrogen and CO2 within AgMIP, with the focus mostly on major annual crops . Differences in model type, structures and input data can result in large variation in projections, particularly for the response of crops to elevated CO2 and temperature ; methods for quantifying and minimising this uncertainty have been developed, but improvement is still needed . The use of multi-model intercomparisons has widened the range of uncertainties but has increased the robustness of impact assessments . Model outputs are strongly influenced by decisions over which factors to include; for example, including drought impacts can result in positive yield projections switching to neutral or negative values . Models are also limited in their ability to incorporate socioeconomic drivers and extreme events .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report