Health adaptation actions have demonstrable synergies and trade- offs . For example, increasing green-blue spaces in Europe's densely populated areas can be effective in improving microclimates, reducing the impact of heatwaves, improving air quality and improving mental health by increasing access to fresh air and green  environments . Health adaptations can also have negative trade-offs, be inconsistent with mitigation ambitions and could lead to maladaptation. Green-blue spaces, for example, may create new nesting grounds for carriers of vector-borne diseases, increase pollen and allergies , enlarge freshwater use for irrigation  and could raise climate equity and justice issues such as green gentrification . Similarly, air conditioning and cooling devices are considered highly effective but have low economic and social feasibility as well as negative trade- offs due to increasing energy consumption, raising energy costs which is particularly challenging for the poor , enhancing the UHI effect and increasing noise pollution .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report