Collectively, drinking water treatment, sanitation and hygiene interrupt disease transmission pathways, particularly for water-related diseases. However, WaSH systems themselves are vulnerable to extreme events . For example, sewage overflows resulting from heavy rainfall events are expected to increase waterborne disease outbreaks . High diarrhoeal disease burdens mean that small changes in climate-associated risk are projected to have significant impacts on disease burdens . For example, up to 2.2 million more cases of E. coli by 2100 in Bangladesh under a 2.1℃ GWL are projected , while up to an 11-fold and 25-fold increase by 2050 and 2080, respectively, under a 2-4℃ GWL, in disability-adjusted life years, associated with cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in Canada is projected . In addition, an additional 48,000 deaths of children under 15 years of age globally from diarrhoea by 2030 are also projected . Notably, high
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report