that neither the start of growing season  nor the end of growing season  presented detectable progressive patterns at the regional level in 1998-2012, except for the steppe-desert  . In the Tianshan Mountains in China, the NPP of only 2 out of 12 types of vegetation increased in spring, and the NPP of only one type increased in autumn from 2000-2003 to 2012-2016 . In Republic of Korea, from 1970 to 2013, the SOS has advanced by 2.7 d per decade, and the EOS has been delayed by 1.4 d per decade . During the past decade, leaf unfolding has accelerated at a rate of 1.37 d yr-1, and the timing of leaf fall has been delayed at a rate of 0.34 d yr-1 . Cherry blossoms are predicted to flower 6.3 and 11.2 d earlier after 2090 according to scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively . On the Tibetan Plateau, it was found that the SOS has advanced and the EOS has been delayed over the past 30-40 years . Using normalised difference vegetation index  datasets and ground-based Budburst data  found no consistent evidence that the SOS has been advancing or delaying over the Tibetan Plateau during the past two to three decades. The discrepancies among different studies in the trends of spring phenology over the Tibetan Plateau could be largely attributed to the use of different phenology retrieval methods. An uncertainty exists with the relationship between land-surface phenology and climate change estimated by satellite- derived NDVI because these indices are usually composite products of a number of days  that could fail to capture more details. Besides, due to lack of in situ observations, the SOS and EOS at large areas cannot be easy defined .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report