Heatwaves are likely to become a major threat, not only for SEU but also for WCE and EEU cities . At 2°C GWL and SSP3, half of the European population will be under very high risk of heat stress in summer . The UHI effect will further increase urban temperatures . In many cities, hospitals and social housing tend to be located within the intense UHI, thus increasing exposure to vulnerable groups . There is high confidence that overheating during summer in buildings with insufficient ventilation and/or solar protection will increase strongly, with thermal comfort hours potentially decreasing by 74% in SEU at 3ºC GWL . Highly insulated buildings, following present building standards, will be vulnerable to overheating, particularly under high GWL levels, unless adequate adaptation measures are applied . Cities in NEU and WCE are more vulnerable due to limited solar shading and
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report