Changes to the composition and location of different demographic groups in the region contribute to increased exposure or vulnerability to climate change . Australia's population reached 25 million in 2018 and is projected to grow to 37.4-49.2 million by 2066, with most growth in major cities  , although COVID-19 is expected to slow the growth rate . The highest growth rates outside of major cities occurred mostly in coastal regions , which have built assets exposed to sea level rise . New Zealand's population was 5.1 million at the end of 2020 and is projected to increase to 6.0-6.5 million by 2068, assuming no marked changes in migration patterns . Although the population densities of both countries are much lower than other OECD countries, they are highly urbanised with over 86% living in urban areas in both countries . This proportion is projected to increase to over 90% by 2050  mostly in coastal areas . Consideration of climate change impacts when planning and managing such growth and associated infrastructure could help avoid new vulnerabilities being created, particularly from wildfires, sea level rise , heat stress and flooding.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report