Urban adaptation plans can enhance resilience, and their development is mandatory in the UK, France and Denmark . There is medium confidence that the development of urban adaptation planning is much more influenced by a city's population size, present adaptive capacity and GDP per capita than by anticipated climate risks . A high organisational capacity in a municipality may not be a necessary condition for forward-looking investment decisions on urban water infrastructure, although enablers differ for small versus medium-to-large municipalities . There is large in-country variation in policy mixes utilised by local governments for supporting adaptation . In early-adapter cities , adaptation is institutionally embedded in climate, resilience and sustainability-related actions, as well as collaboration between city departments, government levels, businesses and other stakeholders . In most other cities, however, adaptation planners rarely consider collaborations with citizens, and there are difficulties in departmental coordination and upscaling from pilot projects .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report