consumption. Heat poses significant risks to the evolutionary tolerance levels of humans, animals and crops , and current adaptation interventions for reducing urban heat like cool or evaporation roofs and street trees may be insufficient to reduce heat- related vulnerabilities in some urban areas at higher levels of warming  . There is evidence that autonomous adaptation by individuals and households can shift risk to others, with net increases in vulnerability. Intensification of pasture use as a coping response to climate-induced drought has been observed to increase risks to livestock reproduction and human life expectancy due to overgrazing, suggesting responses to pastoral vulnerability can cross tolerance limits for animals, humans and food available for foraging .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report