Risks are generally amplified for people without SP or essential infrastructure and services, and for people with limited access to land and quality housing, especially those in exposed areas and informal settlements without secure tenure . Stateless people are disproportionately affected by climate change and disasters as they tend to reside in hazard-prone areas and their statues as non-citizens often limits access to assistance . The three main types of SP are:  social safety nets , which include conditional and unconditional cash transfers, public work programmes, subsidies and food stamps;  social insurance, which consists of contributory pensions and contributory health insurance; and  labour market measures, which include instruments such as unemployment compensation . The potential for an integrated adaptive SP is not yet harnessed by policymakers in tackling the structural causes of vulnerability to climate change . Public works programmes  should take into account climate risk in planning and support development of community assets to increase collective resilience.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report