most profitable Amazon crop . Policies included territorial planning , satellite monitoring and market and credit restrictions on high-deforesting municipalities, plus some incentives to small farmers . It is important to highlight the important role of Indigenous territories, in addition to protected areas, in forest conservation in the Amazon  . These policies were partially funded by results- based compensation through the Amazon Fund. Since 2012, however, policies and institutions have weakened, and Amazon deforestation rates have started to rise , becoming more acute in recent years . Conservation incentives, a new complementary and allegedly cost-effective approach, is increasingly being implemented in the region . They include PES, REDD+, environmental certification and conservation easements, but remain controversial, and more research is needed on their effectiveness, possible negative side effects, participatory management systems and collective decision-making processes .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report