Community-based adaptation, built on Indigenous knowledge and local knowledge  over centuries or millennia, is often identified as an effective adaptation strategy to climate change . For successful adaptation of tropical forest communities, it is vital to consider IK and LK in addition to modern scientific approaches, together with consideration of non-climatic vulnerabilities  . Climate change vulnerability and adaptive capacity have a historical and geopolitical context, conditioned by value systems and development models. Transformative and sustainable practices are required for effective management of tropical forests . 
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report