and vulnerability, and the rate at which hazard frequency or intensity is expected to increase . Without effective adaptation measures, regions with high dependence on climate-sensitive livelihoods-particularly agriculture and fisheries in the tropics and coastal regions-would be severely impacted even at low levels of warming  . For example, it is estimated that 330- 396 million people could be exposed to lower agricultural yields and associated livelihood impacts at warming between 1.5℃ and 2ºC . Risks to the 200 million people with livelihoods derived from small-scale fisheries would also be severe, given sensitivity to ocean warming, acidification and coral reef loss occurring beyond 1.5℃ . Livelihoods in highly exposed locations, such as Small Island Developing States, low-lying coastal areas, arid or semiarid regions, the Arctic, and urban informal settlements or slums, are particularly vulnerable . Within populations, the poor, women, children, the elderly and Indigenous populations are especially vulnerable due to a combination of factors, including gendered divisions of paid and/or unpaid labour, as well as barriers in access to information, skills, services or resources  . Future structural transformation could moderate risk severity by improving adaptive capacity, creating livelihoods in less climate-sensitive sectors, or by enabling sustainable migration to less climate-sensitive locations . However, successful risk moderation would depend upon simultaneous avoidance of both climate-change-related and mitigation-related  or maladaptation-related risks .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report