Eleven categories of diseases and health outcomes have been identified in this assessment as being climate-sensitive through direct pathways  and indirect pathways mediated through natural and human systems and economic and social disruptions  . A key challenge in quantifying the specific relationship between climate and health outcomes is distinguishing the extent to which observed changes in prevalence of a climate- sensitive disease or condition are attributable directly or indirectly to climatic factors as opposed to other non-climatic causal factors . A subsequent challenge is then determining the extent to which those observed changes in health outcomes associated with climate are attributable to events or conditions associated with natural climate variability compared to persistent human induced shifts in the mean and/or the variability characteristics of climate . The context within which the impacts of climate change affect health outcomes and health systems is described in this chapter as being a function of risk, which is in turn a product of interactions between hazard, exposure and vulnerability , with the impacts in turn having the potential to reinforce vulnerability and/or exposure to risk .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report