formation  . Regionally , differences in species-specific vulnerability will result in community shifts from calcifying macroalgae   to non-calcifying macroalgae  . Experimental studies demonstrated high resilience of some important habitat formers, such as the deep- water coral Lophelia pertusa , and habitat engineers, such as Mediterranean limpets , facilitated by energy reallocation. However, if not supported by sufficient food availability , such energy reallocation will negatively impact growth or reproduction  . This suggests that acidification risks will be amplified by increased stratification and reduced primary production . The emergence of harmful algal blooms and pathogens at higher GWLs is unclear across all European seas  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report