SROCC  Coastal ecosystems, including salt marshes, mangroves, vegetated dunes and sandy beaches, can build vertically and expand laterally in response to SLR, though this capacity varies across sites . These ecosystems provide important services that include coastal protection and habitat for diverse biota. However, as a consequence of human actions that fragment wetland habitats and restrict landward migration, coastal ecosystems progressively lose their ability to adapt to climate-induced changes and provide ecosystem services, including acting as protective barriers .' Warming and SLR-driven salinisation of wetlands are causing shifts in the distribution of plant species inland and poleward. Examples include mangrove encroachment into subtropical salt marshes  and contraction in extent of low-latitude seagrass meadows . Plants with low tolerance to flooding and extreme temperatures are particularly vulnerable, increasing the risk of extirpation . Extreme-weather events, including heatwaves, droughts and storms, are causing mass mortalities and changes in community composition in coastal wetlands . Severe disturbance of wetlands or transitions among wetland community types can favour invasive species . The degradation or loss of vegetated coastal ecosystems reduces carbon storage, with positive feedbacks to the climate system .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report