Geographic variation in thermal tolerance plasticity is expected to influence the vulnerability and range shifts of species in response to climate change . In many ectotherms, plasticity in thermal tolerance increases polewards, as thermal seasonality increases , contributing to higher vulnerability to warming in tropical organisms  . Some species have evolved extreme upper thermal limits at the expense of plasticity, reflecting an evolutionary trade-off between these traits . The most heat-tolerant species, such as those from extreme environments, may therefore be at a greater risk of warming because of an inability to physiologically adjust to thermal change  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report