Coastal habitats also have limitations in their ability to protect coasts from extreme events. Some studies suggest reduced effectiveness of vegetation and reefs for coastal protection from large storm waves and surge  and there is active debate in the literature about the ability of ecosystems to mitigate the impact of tsunamis . Further research is needed to understand and quantify coastal protection services provided by these hybrid green-grey solutions, especially in urban areas . Additionally, in some coastlines, water may be too deep or waves too high for some species such as mangroves to grow, thrive and provided needed NBS.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report