- Biodiversity of functional species groups and responses to climate hazards play an important role in building stability and productivity in agroecological systems . A 5-year study, for example, in Asia, Africa and Latin America found that smallholder farmers  increased yields by 25% through promoting pollination . - Landscape complexity is an important feature of agroecology which can increase resilience to extreme events, such as pest and disease outbreaks or floods, and provide multi-purpose benefits  . - Context-specific: some agroecological systems and practices have lower average crop productivity than conventional systems, while others can have higher overall crop productivity and farm profitability .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report