The City of Semarang, on the northern coast of Central Java in Indonesia, has a population of nearly 1.8 million . The city has experienced rapid urbanisation over last three decades, with the population almost doubling and density reaching 4650 people per square kilometre . Semarang is vulnerable to sea level rise, tidal flooding and inundation , risks which are worsened by land subsidence along the coast . Globally, land subsidence is a notable compounder of climate change-induced sea level rise and coastal flooding . In Semarang, the land subsidence rate is projected to be up to 60 mm yr-1 . Approximately 20% of the city's coastline is characterised as extremely vulnerable because of sea level rise and enhanced land subsidence , with the north-eastern portions of the city experiencing larger subsidence than the rest . Associated public health and sanitation risks are also evident, including increasing outbreaks of dengue fever and diarrhoea .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report