A partition value in a population distribution that a given percentage of the data values are below or equal to. The 50th percentile corresponds to the median of the population. Percentiles are often used to estimate the extremes of a distribution. For example, the 90th  percentile may be used to refer to the threshold for the upper  extremes.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report