Decision makers face the challenge of how to adapt when there are ongoing knowledge gaps and uncertainties about when some climate change impacts will occur and their scale, for example coastal flooding  or extreme rainfall events and their cascading effects  . No-regrets decisions are likely to be insufficient . A perception exists in some sectors that all climate risks are manageable based on past experience . Projected impacts, however, are outside the range experienced, meaning that decisions must be made now for long-lived assets, land uses and communities exposed to the key risks  often under contested conditions where adaptation competes with other public expenditures . New planning approaches being used across the region can enable more effective adaptation, for example continual iterative adaptation , rapid deployment of decision tools appropriate for addressing uncertainties  and transformation of governance and institutional arrangements  . Recognising co-benefits for mitigation and sustainable development can help incentivise adaptation .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report