Climate velocity, the direction and pace of movement in climate variables  in space, is key to understanding the origin and fate of biodiversity hotspots under climate change . Climate trajectories generally predict the direction and pace of past and future species range shifts , although there are exceptions . Spatial patterns of climate trajectories show regions where species are expected to leave, pass through, and/or arrive under climate change . Regions of high climate velocities are those with low topographic relief on land, particularly flooded grasslands and deserts , and tropical as well as offshore and polar sea regions .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report