Moreover, IK and LK may be particularly relevant to ensuring that climate action does not cause further harm, and also addresses historical injustices committed against Indigenous Peoples and other marginalised social groups, recognising them as active agents of their own change . There are between 370 and 500 million people in at least 90 countries belonging to about 5,000 different ethnic groups that are classified as 'Indigenous' . Although there is no single, universal definition of Indigenous Peoples, core criterion within both the ILO Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples  and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples  include:  self-determination and  the recognition that Indigenous Peoples as distinct social and cultural groups that retain collective ancestral ties to the lands they inhabited or to the lands from which they have been displaced. Indigenous Peoples attribute cultural and spiritual values to land, environmental features and landscapes . Indigenous Peoples suffer disproportionally. For example, they are three times more likely to live in extreme poverty than non-Indigenous Peoples; they are also more likely to suffer discrimination and violence . At the same time, Indigenous Peoples have long led climate change and environmental protection agendas.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report