Conventional zoning regulations  and land use planning range in scale from the regional to the local and can be deployed to minimise risks through protection, accommodation or retreat. Protection entails, in addition to allocating zones for protective urban infrastructure , avoidance measures that restrict or prevent urban development . Accommodation involves land use modifications and/or conversions while retreat requires either compulsory or voluntary relocations and may entail buyouts . Risk eliminating retreat measures are less widely adopted than other risk reducing zoning and land use measures . This is attributed to the controversies of relocation and to the complexities of buyouts .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report