The challenges related to the evaluation of adaptation progress  have been widely recognised after the Paris Agreement by multiple organisations, including the OECD, the World Bank, the European Environment Agency and the Global Environment Facility . Monitoring and evaluation systems in urban areas will necessarily be incremental and additive, and will have to build on existing indicator systems . There is a need to develop practical and efficient frameworks to assess adaptation progress across all levels of public and private decision making. This should include the assessment and consideration of top-down adaptations alongside informal, bottom-up community actions, or corporate-led programmes developed to reduce vulnerabilities and climatic risks and increase resilience .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report