Since the late 1990s, transnational municipal networks  have increased awareness of climate change and served as a bridge for cities to access critical financial resources from private and philanthropic sources . Recently, TMNs have taken on more programmatic functions, working with cities to strategise, plan and incrementally improve their organisation functions in the face of climate change. For example, the Rockefeller Foundation's 100 Resilient Cities program  provided a two-year salary for a Chief Resilience Officer  to be situated in a municipal authority to bridge silos, incentivise change and develop development strategies for resilience . In these cases, external actors have enabled broad organisation change, resource mobilisation pathways and alternative forms of agenda-setting in cities  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report