The present situation reflects not only an insufficient level of finance being mobilised to support African adaptation needs  but also problems in accessing and using funding that is available. The direct-access modality introduced by the Adaptation Fund and GCF, whereby national and regional entities from developing countries can be accredited to access funds directly, is aimed at reducing transaction costs for recipient countries, increasing national ownership and agency for adaptation actions, and enhancing decision- making responsibilities by national actors, thereby contributing to strengthening local capacity for sustained and transformational adaptation . Indeed, direct-access projects from the Adaptation Fund tend to be more community focused than indirect-access projects . Country institutions in Africa, however, are struggling to be accredited for direct access because of the complicated, lengthy and bureaucratic processes of accreditation, which requires, for example, strong institutional and fiduciary standards and capacity to be in place . As of December 2019, over 80% of all developing countries had no national direct access entities  . Capacity to develop fundable projects in Africa is also inadequate. An analysis of proposals submitted to the GCF up to 2017 revealed that, while African countries were able to submit proposals to the GCF, they had the lowest percentage of approvals  compared to all other
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report