TS.D.5.6 Integrated and systems-oriented solutions to alleviate competition and trade-offs between mitigation and adaptation will reinforce long-term resilience and equity in water and food systems . Large-scale land deals for climate mitigation have trade-offs with livelihoods, water and food security . Afforestation programmes without adequate safeguards adversely affect Indigenous Peoples' rights, land tenure and adaptive capacity . Some mitigation measures, such as carbon capture and storage, bio-energy and afforestation, have a high water footprint . Increased demand for aquaculture, animal and marine foods and energy products will intensify competition and potential conflict over land and water resources, particularly in low- and medium-income countries , with negative impacts on food security and deforestation . Integrated, systems-oriented solutions reduce competition and trade-offs and include inclusive governance, behavioural  and technical  responses .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report