Asia  . As per Gu et al. , 56% of cities with populations greater than 300,000 in 2014 are exposed to at least one of the six physical hazards . Cities in areas highly exposed and vulnerable to multiple hazards were also the ones that grew rapidly in population between 1950 and 2014, implying greater infrastructural investments in climate-sensitive areas. Among 27 cities highly exposed to multiple disasters, 13 cities had a population of 1 million or more in 2014. Among them were three megacities, Tokyo , Osaka  and Manila , with more than 10 million inhabitants exposed to three or more hazards. Seven other cities with 1 million inhabitants or more in Asia were at high risk of three or more types of disaster. Manila is highly vulnerable to economic losses and disaster- related mortality from all six types of disasters. Moscow  is the only megacity not exposed to the risk of any of the six types of physical hazards analysed . Of the eight megacities most vulnerable to disaster- related mortality, seven-Tokyo, Osaka, Karachi, Kolkata, Manila, Tianjin and Jakarta, totalling 143 million people-are in Asia .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report