Globally, groundwater use has societal and economic benefits, providing a critical buffer against precipitation variability. Groundwater irrigation has ensured food security, livelihood support and poverty alleviation, for example, in India , Bangladesh  and sub-Saharan Africa . Groundwater is a safe drinking water source during natural hazard- induced disasters . However, groundwater over- exploitation leads to the attenuation of societal benefits, including reduced agricultural production , decrease in adaptive capacity of communities  and water quality deterioration . Loss of traditional water systems based on groundwater, such as foggara in Tunisia , qanat in Pakistan , aflaj in Oman  and spring boxes in the Himalayas , also leads to loss of cultural values for local communities.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report