CRD is the subject of Chapter 18. This section briefly assesses some of the fundamental issues for CRD relating to ecosystems. An overview of the importance of specific ecosystem services for CRD is presented in Box 18.7 in Chapter 18. A large body of evidence has demonstrated the extent to which human life, well-being and economies are dependent on healthy ecosystems and also the range of threats that these are faced with  . An analysis of 64 studies found a strong positive synergy among eight critical regulating services of healthy ecosystems, including climate regulation, water provisioning, pest and disease control and adjacent-crop pollination . The health of ecosystems is, in turn, reliant upon the maintenance of natural levels of species' richness and functional diversity   . A meta-analysis of 74 studies documented that the mechanism for increased ecosystem stability is increased asynchrony among species, which itself is a product of greater species diversity . Responding to these threats requires the protection and restoration of natural and semi-natural ecosystems, together with sustainable management of other areas.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report