Regarding risk reduction potential, forest-based strategies are found to protect in-land infrastructure from landslides and coastal infrastructure from storm surges , together with offering a cheaper solution than engineered grey solutions . Land availability is a limiting factor for expanding forest-based solutions . However, there is high agreement and robust evidence that reforestation, environmental conservation and NbS result in increased carbon sinks . Some authors argue that primary ecosystems and native forests contain larger stocks of carbon than tree plantations , while another strain of literature finds that net sequestration rate is lower in mature primary forests than in younger managed forests with their associated wood value chains . There is robust evidence and high agreement that forest- and ecosystem-based strategies result in hazard risk reduction potential. Environmental restoration can be an effective climate change adaptation alternative, reducing susceptibility to extreme events, improving ecological capacities and increasing overall ecosystems' resilience  . However, too much reliance on forests and green alternatives might increase water shortages and wildfires .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report