Regional studies on the potential future effects of climate change on forest production systems indicate diverse impacts. In Germany, drier conditions in 2070  are expected to benefit the mean annual increment at biological rotation age of Scots pine and oak, while beech might suffer losses of up to 3 m3 ha-1 yr-1 depending on climate scenario and region . In India, 46% of the forest grid points were found to have high, very high or extremely high vulnerability under future climate in the short term  under both RCP4.5 and 8.5, increasing to 49% and 54%, respectively, in the long term  . In addition, forests in the higher rainfall zones show lower vulnerability as compared with drier forests under future climate, which is in contrast to dry forests in Central and South America cited above. Warming and drying trends are projected to reduce timber production in the neotropics in some cases . Also in India, a study using CMIP5  shows how forests in five districts in Himachal Pradesh in Western Himalayan region are vulnerable to global warming . In the Guiana Shield, climate projections under RCP2.5 and 8.5 led to decreasing the basal area, above-ground fresh biomass, quadratic diameter, tree growth and mortality rates of tropical forests . In Central Africa, projections under RCP4.5 and 8.5 showed a general increase in growth, mortality and recruitment leading to
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report