Despite encompassing approximately 2% of the Earth's terrestrial surface, oceanic and other high-endemicity islands are estimated to harbour substantial proportions of existing species including ~25% extant global flora, ~12% birds and ~10% mammals . Islands also have higher densities of critically endangered species, hosting just under half of all species currently considered to be at risk of extinction , hence making the loss of terrestrial biodiversity and related ecosystem services a KR  for small islands . Impacts from developing synergies between changing climate, natural and anthropogenic stressors on islands  could lead to disproportionate changes in global biodiversity. The most prominent drivers include: SLR, increasing intensities of extreme events  and the introduction of invasive alien species  . When coupled with characteristic small island traits such as spatial and other resource limitations, these synergies play a critical role towards increasing the vulnerability of these insular ecosystems . This is likely to hinder the adaptation response of terrestrial biota-increasing the risk of biodiversity loss and, in turn, impairing the resilience capacity of ecosystem functioning and services  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report