There are also marked regional variations in the rates of SLR  and relative SLR . Various factors, including interannual and decadal sea level variations associated with low-frequency modulation of ENSO and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation  and vertical land motion contribute to both relative sea level variations and related uncertainties. Increased distant- source swell height from extra-tropical cyclones  also contributes to ESLs . Together, these stressors increase ESLs and their impacts, including coastal erosion and marine flooding and their impacts on both ecosystems and ecosystem services and human activities .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report