At local to regional scales, climate change worsens the impacts on marine life of non-climate anthropogenic drivers, such as habitat degradation, marine pollution, overfishing and overharvesting, nutrient enrichment and introduction of non-indigenous species . Although impacts of multiple climate and non-climate drivers can be beneficial or neutral to marine life, most are detrimental . Warming exacerbates coastal eutrophication and associated hypoxia, causing 'dead zones' , which drive severe impacts on coastal and shelf-sea ecosystems , including mass mortalities, habitat reduction and fisheries disruptions . Overfishing exacerbates effects of multiple climate-induced drivers on predators at the top of the marine food chain . Urbanisation and associated changes in freshwater and sediment dynamics increase the vulnerability of coastal ecosystems like sandy beaches, salt marshes and mangrove forests to sea level rise and changes in wave energy . Although these non-climate drivers confound attribution of impacts to climate change, adaptive, inclusive and evidence-based management reduces the cumulative pressure on ocean and coastal ecosystems, which will decrease their vulnerability to climate change . 
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report