The main settlements of small islands are located along the coast and with decades of high-density coastal urban development, their population, buildings and infrastructure are currently exposed to multiple climate change-related hazards  and face key risks  . In many small islands, population is concentrated in the low-elevation coastal zone , which is defined as coastal areas below 10-m elevation. Approximately 22 million in the Caribbean live below 6-m elevation  and an estimated 90% of Pacific Islanders live within 5 km of the coast, if Papua New Guinea is excluded . In the Solomon Islands
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report