The mortality risk for several pollutants, for example PM2.5, iS considerable . Current estimates indicate that 95% of global population live in areas where ambient PM2.5 exceeds the WHO guideline of annual average exposure of 10 ug m-3 . Among the 250 most populous urban areas, estimated PM2.5 concentrations are generally highest in cities in Africa, South Asia, the Middle East and East Asia; PM2.5 in many cities in North Africa and the Middle East is likely due mainly to wind-blown dust, whereas that in South Asia and East Asia are mainly anthropogenic in origin . However, data on PM2.5 concentrations are unavailable in many cities in low- and middle-income countries owing to a lack of measurements .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report