This research paper examines multi-level governance structures and practices in Kenya as they relate to three interdependent agendas: climate change adaptation (CCA), disaster risk reduction (DRR), and land restoration (LR). We examine the governance landscape at county level and evaluate bridges and barriers to integration that are mediated by linkages across scales within Kenya's multi-level governance system. Based on analysis of qualitative data collected through key informant interviews and workshop discussions in three counties, we argue that subnational governance in Kenya has achieved elements of convergence among CCA, DRR, and LR. We refer to the interconnections among these three agendas and the synergies that can be realized through greater integration among them as the CDR nexus. The analysis indicates a highly decentralized stakeholder landscape, with a diverse mix ofnational, county, and civil society organizations providing leadership and funding that drives emergent CDR priorities. Convergence has been enabled by informal working platforms for inter-sectoral collaboration that have brought together national government, county government and civil society organizations, rather than through formal mechanisms of policy integration established in law. Maintaining integrative CDR practices while progressing on national priorities and commitments related to climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and land restoration is a fundamental governance challenge for the next decade.
Smucker, TA; Oulu, M; Nijbroek, R
Foundations for convergence: Sub-national collaboration at the nexus of disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation, and land restoration under multi-level governance in Kenya
International Journal Of Disaster Risk Reduction