Climate change may mean that, in any given location, different species will be able to survive and become dominant and restoring the former composition of forests may not be possible . Severe disturbances such as insect/pathogen outbreaks, wildfires and droughts, which are an increasing risk, can cause widespread tree mortality resulting in sequestered forest carbon being returned to the atmosphere , suggesting that we need to adapt . Adaptation measures, such as increasing the diversity of forest stands through ecological restoration rather than monoculture plantations can help to reduce these risks . When plantations are established without effective landscape planning and meaningful engagement including free prior and informed consent, they can present risks to biodiversity and the rights, well-being and livelihoods of indigenous and local communities as well as being less climate-resilient than natural forests   .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report