A total of 45 studies were identified for this assessment, based on their quantitative assessment of the effects of adaptation on projected impacts . From each study, the distinct combinations of specific variations of adaptations, scenarios and timeframes assessed were considered as individual data points, providing a total of 450 unique data points for the assessment . The study-specific temperature increase was classified relative to the 1850-1900 baseline for each data point, based on the model and scenario specifications provided and grouped into outcomes at 1.5ºC, 2ºC, 3ºC and 4ºC. The effectiveness is assessed based on the fraction of risk that an option can reduce. Co-benefits are defined as a situation where outcomes improve relative to baseline conditions, whereas maladaptive outcomes describe a situation where risks increase after adaptation has been implemented.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report