The scale, reach and complexity of contemporary urbanisation compounds climate risks and conditions adaptation  . Urbanisation manifests as a heterogeneous and plural process with varied spatial manifestations  that extends beyond cities and settlements, defining actions elsewhere in what has been called 'planetary urbanization' . While the concept of planetary urbanisation is contested, for example for a predominantly Eurocentric focus , the concept has reflected human urbanisation as a mega-trend of urban expansion and landuse intensification . Three dimensions of planetary urbanisation are currently shaping adaptation actions: the new forms and scales of urbanisation, the blurring of boundaries around clearly demarcated territories, and the fragmentation of the urban hinterland into units that serve productive functions for the reproduction of urban space under capitalism .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report