Another approach infers the potential future effectiveness of adaptation based on current sensitivity of impacts to interventions. For example, the future disease burden of malaria is likely to be highly dependent on the future development of health services, deployment of malaria programs and adaptation. Investments in water and sanitation infrastructure are also recognised to have the potential to reduce severe risks of waterborne disease, although these improvements likely need to provide transformative change . The potential for severe risks may also be substantially reduced through the development of vaccines for specific enteric diseases , although most current vaccines target viral pathogens, incidence for which tends to be inversely correlated with ambient temperature . In addition, international migration as well as forced movement of people across borders will be influenced by developments in legal and political conditions , but the fact that these developments are unknown strongly limits any forecasts on the magnitude of adaptation benefits .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report