In summary, current adaptation responses have benefits across several dimensions. In developing countries, most adaptation measures improve economic outcomes . Adaptation responses also have benefits in terms of water outcomes and environmental and ecological parameters, and these benefits are more commonly manifested in developed countries . Of the papers assessed for water-related adaptation, roughly one fourth reported adaptation co-benefits . In contrast, one third of studies reported maladaptive outcomes, now or in the future , emphasizing the importance of looking at synergies and trade-offs. Despite many adaptation case studies, there is a knowledge gap in understanding if the benefits of adaptation also translate into a reduction of climate impacts, and if so, to what extent, and under what conditions . In view of this critical knowledge gap, our assessment is limited to benefits of current adaptation responses.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report