Other adaptation responses to reduce temperature effects include modifying structures  and the urban landscape through green infrastructure , which increases climate resilience and quality of life by reducing urban heat island effects, while additionally improving air quality, capturing stormwater and delivering other co-benefits to the community   . Green infrastructure can be flexible and cost-effective . Initiatives can be 'bottom-up' community-led adaptation with support from municipal governments  . Valuing municipal natural assets  is becoming increasingly common in Canada and the USA . Guidance assists municipalities to identify, value and account for natural assets in their financial planning and asset management programmes  and consider future climate .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report