Marine hotspots have a wider range of climate velocities than terrestrial and freshwater environments , being faster in equatorial, Mediterranean , Baltic , North and Okhotsk , and Arctic hotspots , and slow in the Antarctic hotspot . Marine species tend to follow climate velocities more closely than terrestrial species  . The reasons may be smaller thermal safety margins in the seas or greater human impacts on land impeding species range shifts. Climate velocities are particularly fast in equatorial seas , which are therefore expected to be source areas for species shifting their ranges
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report