Climate impacts have already altered ocean and coastal habitats  in ways that have led to species range shifts, biodiversity changes, phenology changes and regime shifts  from the surface ocean to the seafloor  . Continued ocean and coastal habitat impacts are projected, and their severities will depend on emissions scenario and co-occurring drivers  or extremes . Warming and physical circulation are projected to change larval dispersal, a habitat-related service , but identifying probable outcomes remains challenging owing to the high variability among species, locations and recruitment . Climate risks to habitat can be decreased by reducing non-climate drivers, preserving ecosystems or restoring habitat . Risk to larval dispersal cannot be meaningfully addressed at scale by human-implemented adaptations; instead, declines in this service will pressure natural systems to adapt via physiological plasticity or evolution .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report