Tropical cyclone activity', Table SM16.21). However, anthropogenic climate forcing has become the dominant driver of sea level rise   and has increased the risk of coastal flooding, including inundation induced by tropical cyclones. In addition, anthropogenic climate forcing has increased the amount of rainfall associated with tropical cyclones  . Assuming that the extreme rainfall is a major driver of the total damages induced by the tropical cyclone, the contribution of anthropogenic climate forcing to the occurrence probability of the observed rainfall  can also be considered the fraction of attributable risk of the hurricane-induced damages or fatalities . However, first studies do not only quantify the change in occurrence probabilities but translate the actual change in climate-related systems into the additional area affected by flooding in a process-based way  to damages induced by Hurricane Sandy; Wehner and Sampson, 2021 for the contribution increased precipitation to damages induced by Hurricane Harvey) and attribute a considerable part of the observed damage to anthropogenic climate forcing. In addition, disruption of local economic activity in Annapolis, Maryland and loss of areas and settlements in Micronesia and Solomon Islands have been attributed to relative SLR , while permafrost thawing and sea ice retreat are additional drivers of observed coastal damages in Alaska .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report