Future climate-induced changes in the polar oceans, sea ice, snow and permafrost will drive habitat and biome shifts, with associated changes in the ranges and abundance of ecologically important species . Projected range expansion of sub-Arctic marine species will increase pressure for high-Arctic species , with regionally variable impacts. Both polar oceans will be increasingly affected by CO2 uptake, causing corrosive conditions for calcium carbonate shell-producing organisms , with associated impacts on marine organisms and ecosystems . The projected effects of climate-induced stressors on polar marine ecosystems present risks for commercial and subsistence fisheries, with implications for regional economies, cultures and the global supply of fish, shellfish, and Antarctic krill .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report