CSA is one of the most biodiverse regions in the world, hosting unique socioecosystems that will be strongly impacted by climate change  . Warming has generated extreme heat events in many parts of CSA  that, together with droughts and floods, will seriously affect the integrity of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems in the entire region . A reduction in net primary productivity in tropical forests and glacier retreat in the Andes, for example, are expected to cause significant negative socioecological impacts  . Biodiversity hotspots in the region are well assessed in the literature compared to other regions of the world, especially the Atlantic Forest, Mesoamerica and Cerrado . Up to 85% of evaluated natural systems  in the literature for biodiversity hotspots since AR5 were projected to be negatively
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report