Range contractions, shifts or extirpations are projected for terrestrial and aquatic species under warming, with greater warming leading to larger shifts and losses, where mitigation would therefore benefit climate refugia and reduce projected biodiversity declines . Marine species are moving poleward faster than terrestrial and freshwater species, despite faster warming on land , leading to new or exacerbated socioeconomic conflicts within and between countries . There is large variation in the magnitude and pattern of species shifts, even among similar species within a region, leading to changes in communities in a given region . The number of extreme heat stress days are projected to increase for domesticated species like cattle , leading to shifts in suitable habitat for raising livestock in the open with associated impacts in animal productivity and the costs of adapting in Africa, Asia, and Central and South America .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report