et al., 2017). In protected areas, this would typically involve reinforcing existing conservation objectives through adaptive management , including support for natural regeneration . It is also possible to improve forest cover and interconnectivity through restoration or afforestation. There are many technical guides to improve the implementation and success rate of such approaches   and funding support specifically aimed at climate change adaptation and mitigation . In some instances, climate change can alter climate suitability to the extent that managers need to allow for a transition to a new habitat type , adaptive management can help recognise and facilitate these transitions . Depending on local conditions, it will be necessary to adapt to specific stress factors that are likely to increase in prevalence or severity because of climate change, such as heatwaves, drought events and forest fires . Although it is typically not possible to link individual events or adaptation measures to climate change, the effectiveness of technical interventions has been illustrated in a broader forest management context. Table CCP7.4 assesses the costs and benefits of different adaptation options based on the available literature. However, it should be noted that there is lack of information on many potential adaptation interventions, especially in the context of tropical forests . The sections below and Figure CCP7.5 offer a framework for optimising management of complex tropical forest ecosystems within a landscape context, through a range of interconnected adaptation options.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report