Freshwater systems on small islands are exposed to dynamic climate impacts and are considered to be among the most threatened on the planet . Hoegh-Guldberg et al.  estimated that freshwater stress on small islands would be 25% less with a warming of 1.5℃ or less as compared to 2.0°C. While some island regions are projected to experience substantial freshwater decline, an opposite trend is observed for some western Pacific and northern Indian Ocean islands . Island topography and ecophysiology influence water storage capacity and rainfall response potential . On high volcanic and granitic islands, freshwater ecosystems are often closely connected with coastal spaces, and changes in freshwater supply from river systems have direct implications for salinity and sediment loads  . Climate impacts on streamflow patterns in tropical islands also create shifts in water supply for downstream users and habitat conditions for organisms supporting a wide range of ecosystem services  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report