Since AR5, several academic publications have directly addressed the challenges of including IK and LK in climate research  and demonstrated its value in building resilience to extreme events related to climate change . For instance, IK and LK has proved useful in land management methods that reduce wildfire risk . Since IK is traditionally communicated through storytelling and oral history, there are practical challenges to integrating it into an assessment that prioritises scientific knowledge. There is a need for increased critical engagement towards the co-production of knowledge . Scholars now recognise the ontological and epistemological differences in approaches, understandings and effects of climate change . One common strategy has been assessing Indigenous observations of climate change alongside scientific data  as a means to bridge the gap between scientific inquiry and Indigenous knowledge systems . The Intergovernmental Science- Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services  and the CBD have helped illustrate how to bridge multiple knowledge systems, particularly those conceived from different ontologies. Rather than viewing IK as a single source of knowledge to be compared with scientific data, recent scholarship suggests assessments, such as the
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report