Groundwater-dependent ecosystems , such as terrestrial wetlands, stream ecosystems and estuarine and marine ecosystems , support wetlands and biodiversity, provide water supply and baseflows to rivers, offer recreational services and help control floods . Globally, 10-23% of the watersheds have reached the environmental flow limits due to groundwater pumping . A recent study of 4.2 million wells across the USA shows that induced groundwater recharge in nearly two thirds of these wells could reduce stream discharges, thereby threatening GDEs . Work  found reduced spring flow due to increased groundwater abstraction in 26 out of 56 springs studied in Florida . GDEs in semiarid and arid regions tend to have much longer groundwater response times and may be more resilient to climate change than those in humid areas where groundwater occurrence is mostly at shallow levels . However, groundwater depletion impacts on the full range of ecosystem services remain understudied .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report