The effects of ocean acidification on growth, metabolic rates or elemental composition of primary producers changes with nutrient availability and light conditions  . While interactions with nutrients are often additive in phytoplankton, diatoms revealed predominantly synergistic interactions . Growth or photosynthesis of some diatom and HAB species, for instance, are stimulated by ocean acidification only if nutrients are replete . Interactions with light are more complex because relative effects of ocean acidification are larger under limiting irradiances, while saturating light levels decrease beneficial or detrimental effects on these processes . For the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, for example, the impacts of ocean acidification are less detrimental under high light availability, which could partly explain why this species is moving poleward , although acidification is more pronounced in polar waters . Under excess light, however, the detrimental impacts of ocean acidification are amplified for many
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report