Animal behaviour can be affected by ocean acidification, warming and hypoxia. While warming and hypoxia mostly induce avoidance behaviour, potentially leading to migration and habitat compression , the effects of acidification appear more complex. Some studies reported that acidification dominates behavioural effects , although outcomes vary with experimental design and duration of exposure  . Behaviour represents an integrated phenomenon that can be influenced both directly and indirectly by multiple drivers. For instance, increased pCO2 can directly act on neuronal signalling pathways  and influence learning , vision , and choice and escape behaviour . There is further evidence that observed alterations in fish olfactory behaviour
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report