et al., 2019). However, it can potentially undermine ecosystem services through land-use changes, water overextraction or applying chemical fertilisers , exposure of smallholders to volatile markets and crops that are not consumed by farming households themselves  or increasing the work burdens on women, as well as health externalities . There remain gaps in understanding the differential impacts of urban agriculture at different scales as well as its effectiveness in improving adaptive capacity at scale.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report