National and local governments are also frequently engaged in reported adaptation across most regions. In Africa and Asia, reported adaptations have been primarily associated with individuals, households, national governments, non-governmental organisations , and international institutions, with more limited reporting of involvement from sub-national governments or the private sector . Engagement by sub-national governments in adaptation is more frequently documented in Europe and North America . Reporting of private sector engagement is generally low. Civil society participation in adaptations is reported across all regions. Consistent with this, local governments are also widely reported in documented adaptation responses, particularly where municipal jurisdiction is high, including cities, infrastructure, water and sanitation.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report