Anthropogenic climate change is already negatively impacting Africa's marine biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and services by changing physical and chemical properties of seawater   . Coastal ecosystems in west Africa are among the most vulnerable because of extensive low-lying deltas exposed to sea level rise, erosion, saltwater intrusion and flooding . In southern Africa, shifting distributions of anchovy, sardine, hake, rock lobster and seabirds have been partly attributed to climate change , including southern shifts of 30 estuarine and marine fish species attributed to increased temperature and changes in water circulation from decreased river inflow . Warming sea surface temperatures inhibiting nutrient mixing have reduced phytoplankton biomass in the western Indian Ocean by 20% since the 1960s, potentially reducing tuna catches .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report