Ocean management that utilises a portfolio of nested, multi-scale, climate-informed and ecosystem-based management approaches in North American waters can increase the resilience of marine ecosystems by addressing multiple stressors simultaneously  . Integrated ecosystem assessments  are increasingly used to provide strategic advice and context for harvest allocations and bycatch avoidance  as well as early warnings of ecosystem-wide change  . Dynamic ocean management policies may improve resilience of marine species and ecosystems to climate  . New proactive and rapid management approaches have been developed to minimise impacts of increasingly frequent entanglements of protected species, caused by climate-driven changes in prey and fishery activities . Dynamic closure areas are being used to address these issues and reduce loggerhead turtle bycatch in Hawaiian shallow-set longline fisheries , blue whale ship-strike risk in near-real time  and bycatch of multiple top predator species in a west coast drift gillnet fishery .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report