Despite an expanding solution space, widespread implementation and monitoring of natural and planned adaptation across Europe is currently limited, due to high management costs, undervaluation of nature, and conservation laws and regulations that do not consider species shifts under future socioeconomic and climatic changes  . Climate risks are not perceived as urgent due to a continuing perception of the high adaptive capacity of ecosystems . Limited financial resources prevent widespread implementation of large-scale and connected conservation areas  . Particularly in WCE, competition for land use with other functions, including mitigation options, is a critical barrier to implementation of adaptation. Risks to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems are rarely integrated into regional and local land-use planning, land development plans, and agro-system management  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report