groups . Co-benefits include a wide range of social and environmental benefits  for human physical and mental health , climate mitigation  and as habitat for local biodiversity . At the same time, concerns about the unintended consequences of investing in green infrastructure for NBS, such as how it may contribute to gentrification , create more public use, increase water demand  or contribute to criminal activity  underlines the challenges of investing in adaptation in complex urban systems . Additionally, more place-based analyses of the efficacy of NBS for reducing climate impacts across varying urban contexts and future climate scenarios are needed to better understand the cost effectiveness of investing in NBS to provide disaster risk reduction and deliver critical co-benefits for human well-being. Cooperation between scientists, decision-makers and Indigenous knowledge-holders can supplement current efforts and ensure that investments in NBS do not negatively impact indigenous communities .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report