Adaptations to climate change, desertification, drought management  and sustainable development activities largely overlap in drylands, pointing to synergies between them . For example, support for communal and flexible land tenure could bring about benefits across multiple dimensions, while attention to water as a limiting factor in drylands can link to multiple SDGs , as well as adaptations in natural systems, where improved forecasting and anticipatory science and management can be appropriate . Currently, more than 125 countries around the world, particularly in drylands, are setting land degradation neutrality  targets. LDN and its hierarchical response mechanisms of avoiding, reducing and reversing land degradation can provide an overarching resilience-based framework for adaptation at the national level  and support biodiversity conservation . However, achieving LDN will require a transparent decision and prioritisation process , anchored in a socio- ecological systems approach , with investment in all dimensions of an enabling environment, including inclusive policies and regulations, sustainable institutions, accessible finance and effective science-policy communications and interactions . LDN calls for integrated land use planning to ensure land uses are optimised at a landscape scale to help balance competition for limited land resources and harness multiple benefits , recognising that adaptations present synergies and trade-offs along various dimensions of sustainable development such as poverty reduction, enhancing food security and human health or providing improved access to clean energy, land, water, and finance . Distributional effects of adaptation options also may vary between different socioeconomic groups within countries
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report