Many near-term investment decisions have long-term consequences, and planning and implementation  can take decades, particularly for critical infrastructure planning in Europe . Consequently, there are calls to expand planning horizons, to consider long-term uncertainties to prevent lock-in decision dependencies, to seize opportunities and synergies from other investments  and to broaden the range of considered possible impacts . Yet, high GWL scenarios beyond 2100 are often not considered in climate-change adaptation planning due to a lack of perceived usability, missing socioeconomic information, constraining institutional settings and conflicting decision-making timeframes  . High GWL scenarios are often seen as having a low probability of occurrence, resulting in inaction or incremental rather than transformative adaptation responses to projected climate risks . Extending planning horizons to beyond 2100 increases deep uncertainties for decision makers as a result of unclear future socioeconomic and climatic changes. For adaptation to
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report