Observed effects of climate change on freshwater invertebrates are variable . In glacier-fed streams globally, climate change has caused community turnover and changes in abundances in terms of increased generalist and decreased specialist species . In turn, dragonflies in flowing waters, monitored during the warming period from 1988 through 2006 in Europe, did not show consistent changes in their distribution , reviewed in Knouft and Ficklin . Long-term trends in the species composition and community structure of stream macro-invertebrates, specifically a general trend for decreases in species characteristic of cold, fast-flowing waters and increases of thermophilic species typical of stagnant or slow-moving waters, have been attributed to climate change  . A study of 14 geothermal streams reported simplified food web structures and shortened pathways of energy flux
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report