Climate characteristics in Asia are diverse covering all climate zones from tropical to polar, including mountain climate. Monsoonal winds and associated precipitation are dominant in South, Southeast and East Asia. Annual mean surface air temperature averaged over the sub-region ranges from coldest in North Asia  to warmest in Southeast Asia  based on JRA-55  climatology for 1981- 2010. Most of North Asia and higher altitude is underlain by permafrost. West Asia is the driest and Southeast Asia is the wettest, with the annual precipitation averaged over the sub-region ranging about ten times from 220 mm in West Asia to 2570 mm in Southeast Asia based on GPCC  climatology for 1981-2010. Indonesia in Southeast Asia has the longest coastline in the world, causing this area
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report