Since AR5 a new discourse on L&D has emerged with new typology and elaboration of a definition. L&D has a long and contentious history and is enshrined in the Paris Agreement . Despite ambiguity about what constitutes L&D , it focuses on how to avert, minimise, and address the negative impacts of climate change, including those that cannot be avoided through adaptation. It can also be thought of as the observed residual risk  from climate change when adaptation limits are encountered and mitigation has failed . L&D is considered a policy mechanism . There is also a burgeoning science for L&D  which advances the breakdown on compounding vulnerabilities and highlights the disproportionate effects of climate change on the vulnerable and marginal . New evidence provides additional insight into L&D from slow-onset events related to climate change   For example,  found growing evidence of urban droughts leading to economic losses  and non-economic losses .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report