Observed climate velocities are approximately 20% lower inside than outside of terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity hotspots, but 69% higher inside than outside marine hotspots . In spite of the lower climate velocities inside terrestrial hotspots, these areas are not projected to serve as effective climate refugia from the effects of global warming, especially for endemic species  . The greater climate velocities inside marine hotspots exposes their species to greater climate-induced pressures inside than outside hotspots . The differences between temperatures inside and outside of hotspots narrow with increasing warming . 
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report