Infrastructure to protect key assets such as water and wastewater treatment plants or pumping stations has a high cost but benefits all connected households and reduces pollution from flood events. In well-regulated water sectors, there has been an increasing focus on such investments . Whereas more diffused cheaper interventions can reduce flood water ingress to domestic toilets . Luh et al.  found that protected dug wells were one of the least resilient technologies, whereas piped, treated, utility managed surface water systems had higher resilience.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report