underlies inhibited thermal adaptation under nitrogen-limited conditions  . When selection is strong due to unfavourable environmental conditions, microbial populations can encounter functional and evolutionary trade-offs evidenced by reducing growth rates while increasing tolerance and metabolism of reactive oxygen species . Other trade-offs can be observed in offspring quality and number . These findings contribute towards a mechanistic framework describing the range of evolutionary strategies in response to multiple drivers , but other hazards, such as extreme events , still need to be included because their characteristics may alter the potential for adaptation of species and populations to climate change .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report