The spatial distributions of species on land and in the oceans are shifting due to climate change, with these changes projected to accelerate at higher levels of global warming . These 'species on the move' have large effects on ecosystems and human well-being, and present challenges for governance . For example, the number of transboundary fish stocks is projected to increase as key fisheries species are displaced by ocean warming . Conflict over shifting mackerel fisheries has already occurred between European countries , because few regulatory bodies have clear policies on shifting stocks; this leaves species open to unsustainable exploitation in new waters in the absence of regularly updated catch allocations to reflect changing stock distributions .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report