Small islands have focused increasingly on EbA approaches and other nature-based solutions that bring benefits both for the ecosystems and communities . There is robust evidence on implementation of EbA approaches across small islands, yet medium agreement on the exact benefits of these activities  given the difficulties in quantifying benefits and the absence of monitoring and evaluation frameworks . Traditionally, EbA activities, especially at national and regional scales, have predominantly focused on restoring or conserving coastal and marine ecosystems , with less emphasis on the services provided by natural inland forests . Incorporation of forests is, however, increasing, in most cases as components of ridge to reef   projects , and is geared towards integrated watershed management to establish downstream water security, erosion control and ultimately to protect the health of coral reef ecosystems .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report