Mangroves face serious risks from deforestation and unsustainable coastal development . Large- scale die-offs around many small islands suggest that mangroves face increased risks from climate change . Mangrove seaward edge retreat has been demonstrated in American Samoa and at Tikina Wai in Fiji, in Bermuda, West Papua, Grand Cayman and attributed to long-term SLR or tectonic subsidence . Inundation-related mortality of mangroves could, in theory, be mitigated if mangrove substrates can 'keep up' with rising sea level by accretion. Pacific Island studies using radionuclides  have suggested that most mangroves are keeping up with current rates of SLR , while surface elevation tables  suggest otherwise. Lovelock et al.  reported that nearly 70% of the mangroves monitored with SETs are not keeping up with current SLR rates. If SLR exceeds 6 mm yr-1, mangroves may be unable to maintain their elevation relative to sea level, a threshold likely to be surpassed in the next 30 years under high emission scenarios . In these worst-case scenarios, flooding would result in tree, root and rhizome death and an abrupt change in elevation through peat collapse , creating a positive feedback loop between SLR and elevation loss. Geomorphology, hydrology, tidal range and suspended sediments are important factors that will determine if mangroves will survive increased rates of SLR . TCs can cause extensive damage to mangroves . While immediate physical damage is often considerable, trees can sometimes recover by re-foliating, re-sprouting or regenerating . Examples of substantive mangrove recovery include the regrowth of trees in the Bay Islands of Honduras following Hurricane Mitch   and in the Nicobar Islands, India, following the December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report