There is no consensus in the literature about ways of measuring the effectiveness of current adaptation responses in reducing climate- related impacts . However, various methodologies, including feasibility assessment, have been deployed . Given the methodological challenges in defining and measuring the effectiveness of adaptation in reducing climate risks, in this section, we focus on outcomes of water-related adaptation across several dimensions. A total of 359 studies were identified to contain sufficiently robust evidence of documented adaptation outcomes to form the basis of this assessment . Positive outcomes denote benefits of adaptation, while negative outcomes may mean that adaptation was not effective in bringing any benefits or that it was maladaptive .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report