Changes in rainfall and temperature patterns are expected to increase geotechnical failures of embankments and earthworks  from landslides, subsidence, sinkholes, desiccation and freeze-thaw action. For instance, Pk et al.  show this could lead to a 30% reduction in the engineering factor of safety of earth embankments in Southern Ontario . Increased river flows in many catchments will also increase failures from bridge scours . HR Wallingford  calculate that the projected 8% increase in scouring from high river flows in the UK will lead to 1 in 20 bridges being at high risk of failure by the 2080s, whilst in the USA the 129,000 bridges currently deficient could increase by 100,000 . With respect to temperature, analysis by Forzieri et al.  concludes that heatwaves will be the most significant risk to EU transport infrastructure in the 2080s, as a result of buckling of roads and railways due to thermal expansion, melting of road asphalt and softening of pavement material. In the USA, over 50% more roads will require rehabilitation , whilst USD 596 million
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report