to October 2018; Scanlon, 2019), and lost recreational spending from loss of boat-ramp access . In Cornwall, England, HABs from 2009 to 2016 disrupted residents' sense of place, identity and well-being by interrupting recreational and economic activities, and by creating feelings of uncertainty and unease around the safety or dependability of future ocean-related activities . Increasingly abundant Sargassum spp. floating macroalgae from the central Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, whose proliferation has been attributed to high sea surface temperatures and nutrient enrichment , has substantially disrupted beach tourism in the Caribbean and Mexico and imposes millions of dollars of clean-up costs annually on affected beaches .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report