Adaptation actions have important limitations , particularly in the context of biodiversity conservation goals. 'Hard' limits include species extinctions and vegetation mortality events, despite conservation action . In contrast, 'soft' adaptation limits exist primarily as a function of the social-ecological value systems of local communities and government entities that are reflected as goals and objectives in their management plans for ecosystems and species across North America. Soft limits are often mutable or can be removed altogether . In contrast, human modifications of landscapes that change or irreparably damage can limit adaptation by reducing connectivity and therefore range shifts .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report