For boreal-tundra systems, AR5 projected the transformation of species composition, land cover and permafrost extent, decreasing albedo and increasing GHG emissions . SR1.5 classified tundra and boreal forests as particularly vulnerable to degradation and encroachment by woody shrubs . The SROCC projected climate-related changes to arctic hydrology, wildfires and abrupt thaw  and the broad disappearance of arctic near-surface permafrost this century, with important consequences for global climate . Chapter 2 of AR6 has focused on new key findings about observed and projected changes in tundra vegetation and related hydrology, with implications for feedbacks to the climate system.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report