AF practices such as hedgerows and poly-cultures maintain habitat and connectivity for biodiversity, thus aiding the ability of wild species to respond to climate change via range shifts, and support ecosystem functioning under climate stress compared to conventional agriculture   . Increasing farm biodiversity benefits pollination, pest control, nutrient cycling, water regulation and soil fertility . Biodiverse agro-forestry systems increase ecosystem services and biodiversity benefits compared to simple agro-forestry and conventional agriculture , with up to 45% more biodiversity and 65% more ecosystem services compared to conventional production of timber and crops and profits from livestock in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil , including benefits for birds and local tree species  and meaning there are fewer invasive exotic plants species . AF includes the conservation of semi-natural woodlands, which can conserve bird predators of insect pests . The richness and abundance of insect species, including essential pollinators, are increased by organic farming  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report