- Can increase the value of land and thereby push out lower-income households via gentrification . - Unconditioned UPA is under strong pressure from other lucrative land use demands and can be difficult to maintain without addressing urban social inequities, . - Yields are lower than conventional, rural production, and water demand is high . - Air, soil and water quality in urban areas can disturb crop production and reduce food safety , and create health risks from contamination , causing mixed or even negative public perceptions against the produce . Trace metal contamination in soils and plants is an increased risk in outdoor UPA . - May provide limited job and income opportunities in low-income urban areas . - Outdoor fields are exposed to rising temperatures and urban heat islands . Low water availability may be another limit for UPA as a form of adaptation . In coastal cities, sea level rise and flooding from climate change impacts may make significant portions of cities unuseable for UPA . :unselected: :unselected: :unselected: :unselected:
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report