The cognitive phase of 'analysing and exploring' uses models and existing data and/or knowledge services as available to explore the relevance/efficacy of adaptations to ameliorate risk or to meet other adaptation objectives, as well as possible flow-on effects of those actions . Sensitivity and robustness analyses can be useful if conditions are favourable to supplement the decision analysis, setting bounds on some of the residual uncertainty  . Validation of models and verification of data  are becoming highlighted as important steps in this phase or in the sense- making phase, particularly in their capacity to understand and test decision makers and stakeholders' perceptions . Randomisation methods, Bayesian methods, interval methods, multi- criteria decision analysis , decision-making under deep uncertainty  and economic and financial approaches  are tools of choice in this phase   . Decision-support tools in the provision of data and/or modelling methods are regularly used in this and the sense-making phase  .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report