apart from Oceania, yet with emerging economies and developing countries in Africa showing less improvement than the Americas, Asia and Europe . An analysis of 48 major deltas finds that vulnerability therefore is a less dominant source of future increase in risk than exposure . However, case study research from individual deltas suggests that delta populations, particularly those with agriculture-based livelihoods, have seen more limited vulnerability reduction due in particular to the impacts of environmental hazards, stress and disasters . In the Mekong Delta, for instance, the strong economic growth since the beginning of Vietnam's reform process has not led to a reduction of vulnerability across the board for all socioeconomic groups . Rather, issues such as widespread landlessness or continued poverty have maintained and, in some respect, increased social vulnerability.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report