and experimental studies . While fish larval stages may be sensitive, adult fish are expected to have low vulnerability to projected acidification levels , although reduced swimming capacity in polar cod in an ocean acidification experiment has been observed . Polar organisms' sensitivity to ocean acidification may increase with increasing light levels due to the loss of sea ice , temperature stress  or indirectly via increased heterotrophic bacterial productivity  . Due to limited mechanistic understanding of observed effects, and mixed responses among Arctic species, future impacts of ocean acidification are assigned medium confidence for polar species and low confidence for outcomes for polar ecosystems .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report