Pre-existing social vulnerabilities have also led to forced displacement from extreme weather events . In the USA, compounding effects of SLR and storm surge interacted with pre- existing social vulnerabilities of local communities to generate large- scale displacement after the effects of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans in 2005 . The processes of relocation and recovery in New Orleans was further shaped by vulnerability where out-migration was more likely to be minorities and economically disadvantaged, while the recovery was predominantly in neighbourhoods that were wealthier prior to the disaster . Newer evidence from Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico in 2017 has shown an initial spike in displacement with slower recovery with more vulnerable communities returning at higher rates ; however, overall out-migration trends have been consistent with long-term economic migration . Interactions of slower onset climate hazards with displacement, such as observed in Shishmaref, Alaska, have revealed the challenges in attribution of migration to climate as it intersects with socioeconomic conditions and lived experiences .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report