Estimating the benefit of adaptation, in terms of damage avoided, remains challenging. For example, Ricke et al.  show that the social cost of carbon  varies by up to two orders of magnitude depending on country, socioeconomic scenario, damage function, total greenhouse gases  forcing, and local climate change. In addition, non-monetary benefits such as cultural identity, sacred places, human health and lives are often ignored . Recent case studies and global level analyses continue to support the conclusion in IPCC AR5 WGII Chapter 17  that the benefits of adaptation generally remain larger than the costs , but the cost-benefit ratio varies widely by context and assumptions 
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report