and Pakistan  showed that migration as an adaptation strategy can be constrained due to resource barriers and low mobility potential, and also, to high levels of place attachment such as in the Peruvian Highlands , Vanuatu  and the Tulun and Nissan Atolls of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea . Migration can also be maladaptive for the receiving contexts, whether due to the pressure on and/or conflict over land and/or the urban resources  . Other views maintain that migration as adaptation overlooks the agency of people and their resilience, that is the nuances of 'translocal social resilience' . For example, the ni-Vanuatu prioritise in situ adaptation measures and leave migration as a last resort .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report