mortality of ctenophore, fish, bird and mammal species, coupled with severe emaciation, reproductive failure, disease and high mortality rates of sea bird predators  . Species range shifts have restructured higher trophic levels in Arctic food webs   . In the northern Barents Sea, increased predation mortality for key species and incursions of boreal fish have induced entire ecosystem reorganisation . Regional taxonomic and functional diversity increased with immigration of boreal species, although the ongoing decline in Arctic species suggests high species turnover  . Recent marine heatwaves induced rapid and profound food web changes unprecedented over the last four decades .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report