The marine environment is important to the culture, health and well- being of the region's diverse Indigenous Peoples, including those who had sovereign ownership, governance, resource rights, and stewardship over 'Sea Country' for many thousands of years before the current sea level stabilised approximately 6000 years ago and before current coastal ecosystems were established . Marine environments contribute AUD$69 billion per year to Australia's economy , and NZD$4 billion per year to New Zealand's economy . They have a high proportion of rare and endemic species  and provide ecosystem services including food production, coastal protection, tourism and carbon sequestration . Half of the species within New Zealand's seas are endemic .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report