through innovative flood-risk assessments that integrate behavioural adaptation dynamics. The study by Moghadas et al.  highlights the importance of hybrid multi-criteria approaches for assessing urban flood resilience in Tehran, Iran. A growing literature shows how multidisciplinary and inclusive approaches that include Local knowledge can achieve greater accuracy in risk characterisation and support lasting impact of investments into more robust climate services . This literature highlights the need for innovative approaches in urban contexts that transcend traditional approaches of local knowledge inclusion widely applied in rural contexts, such as participatory rural appraisal.
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report