Challenges to projecting flood risk are large because of the complexity of the projecting snowmelt, high-intensity rainfall and soil wetness in large river basins. Even though increases in the number and area of glacier lakes may cause increases in glacier-related floods , knowledge of the frequency or magnitude of glacier-related projected floods is limited. Some local studies indicate that the severity of ice-jam flooding is projected to decrease , but a model study in Canada projected increases in damage of ice-jam floods . While most flood risk projections do not consider the impact of urban expansion, Güneralp et al.  estimate that urban areas exposed to flooding will increase by a factor of 2.7 due to urban growth by 2030 . Given the significant differences in assumption in flood protection, exposure or vulnerability scenario among studies, uncertainties in the global estimation of flood losses and damages are large are large .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report