Risk-sensitive infrastructure delivery and equitable provision of basic services can reduce climate risks and provide net financial savings . However, there is limited evidence of proactive climate adaptation in African cities. Proactive adaptation policy could reduce road repair and maintenance costs by 74% compared to a reactive policy. Adapting roads for increased temperatures and investment in public transport are assessed as 'no regret' options. In contrast, hydropower development carries risk of regrets due to damages when a different climate than was expected materialises. Energy costs for cooling demands are projected to accumulate to USD 51.3 billion by 2035 at 2℃ global warming and to USD 486.5 billion by 2076 at 4°C. 
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report