When anthropogenic climate change affects ecosystems, it can also affect ecosystem services for people. Climate change connects to ecosystem services by means of three links, i.e., climate change- species-ecosystems-ecosystem services. This chapter assesses these connections via all three links when end-to-end published scientific analyses are available for terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. This type of robust evidence exists for some key ecosystem services , and is assessed in specific report sections: biodiversity habitat creation and maintenance , regulation of detrimental organisms and biological processes , regulation of climate through ecosystem feedbacks in terms of carbon storage  and albedo  and the provision of freshwater from ecosystems to people .
IPCC
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
IPCC Report