article: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
links: Lithuanian language Early modern period Poland Kingdom of Prussia Grand Duchy of Moscow Grand Duchy of Lithuania Austrian Empire Hereditary monarchy Belarus List of rulers of Lithuania Stanisław August Poniatowski Senate of Poland Ukraine Sigismund II Augustus Swedish Empire Warsaw Latin language Ottoman Empire Religious toleration Polish language Eastern Orthodox Church Russian Empire Latin Second Partition of Poland Constitutional monarchy Sovereign state Belarusian language Polish-Lithuanian Union Latvia Islam Kingdom of Poland (1385-1569) Catholic Church Judaism Lithuania Gaude Mater Polonia Russia Kraków Protestantism Partitions of Poland Europe