article: Italian Wars
links: Holy Roman Empire Papal States Renaissance Spain Spanish Empire Henry VII of England France Henry VIII Louis XII Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 1559 Low Countries Philip II of Spain Italian Peninsula Calais Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand V of Spain Charles VIII of France Republic of Genoa Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor 1494 Kingdom of Naples Francis I of France Italy Burgundy Republic of Venice Henri II of France Corsica Henry II of France Suleiman the Magnificent