article: 1800s
links: Holy Roman Empire Spain Prussia Napoleonic Wars Jiaqing Emperor Alexander I of Russia Qajar dynasty Semaphore President of the United States 1801 United States John Adams 1815 Pope Pius VII George III of the United Kingdom Tsar Qing Dynasty Frederick William III of Prussia Thomas Jefferson Charles IV of Spain China 1803 Napoleon I of France Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor First French Empire Russia United Kingdom