article: Herbert Spencer
links: Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Social Darwinism Malthus England Charles Darwin Émile Durkheim John Stuart Mill Politics Henri Bergson Derby Brighton Thomas Henry Huxley Evolution Jack London Alfred Russel Wallace United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United States Aristotle Charles Sanders Peirce Murray Rothbard Victorian era Lamarckism Auguste Comte Classical liberalism Survival of the fittest The Descent of Man Western philosophy Auberon Herbert Democritus