article: 1870s
links: Rutherford B. Hayes Spain American Civil War 1877 British Empire Otto von Bismarck Second French Empire Qajar dynasty John A. Macdonald Bulgaria Umberto I of Italy Ludwig Boltzmann French Third Republic Japan United States Benjamin Disraeli Ulysses S. Grant William Ewart Gladstone Pope Pius IX Thomas Edison Canada Alexander Graham Bell Pope Leo XIII 1876 Guangxu Emperor Alfonso XII Wilhelm I of Germany Victoria of the United Kingdom German Empire Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) Alexander Mackenzie (politician) Franco-Prussian War Romania Alexander II of Russia Victor Emmanuel II of Italy Austria-Hungary China Italy 1871 Russia United Kingdom 1870