article: Thirty Years' War
links: 1648 Holy Roman Empire Peace of Westphalia House of Habsburg Catholicism Spain Defenestration Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor Protestant Württemberg Ferdinand III of Habsburg Electorate of the Palatinate France Dutch Republic Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Denmark Bavaria Cardinal Richelieu 1555 Swedish Empire Electorate of Bavaria Kingdom of England Kingdom of Scotland Battle of White Mountain Christian IV of Denmark Eastern Europe Baltic Sea Lutheranism Catholics Elector of the Palatinate Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor Habsburg Monarchy Habsburg Spain Spanish Netherlands Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne Jesuits Bohemia Denmark-Norway Eucharist Prague Habsburg Austria Netherlands 1552 Council of Trent 1618 Sweden Peace of Augsburg Germany 17th century Protestantism Calvinism Europe