Yehowa​—Ɔhwɛ Yɛn, Ɔbɔ Yɛn Ho Ban | Adesua\nKENKAN WƆ Afrikaans Albanian American Sign Language Amharic Arabic Argentinean Sign Language Armenian Aymara Azerbaijani Azerbaijani (Cyrillic) Bengali Bicol Bislama Brazilian Sign Language Bulgarian Cambodian Catalan Cebuano Chichewa Chinese Mandarin (Simplified) Chinese Mandarin (Traditional) Chitonga Chitumbuka Cibemba Colombian Sign Language Croatian Czech Dangme Danish Drehu Dutch Efik English Estonian Ewe Finnish French Ga Georgian German Greek Greenlandic Guarani Gujarati Gun Haitian Creole Hebrew Hiligaynon Hindi Hungarian Icelandic Igbo Iloko Indonesian Italian Italian Sign Language Japanese Japanese Sign Language Kannada Kazakh Kikaonde Kikuyu Kimbundu Kinyarwanda Kirghiz Kirundi Kisonge Kongo Korean Krio Kwangali Kwanyama Latvian Lingala Lithuanian Luganda Lunda Luo Luvale Macedonian Malagasy Malay Malayalam Maltese Marathi Maya Mexican Sign Language Myanmar Ndebele Ndonga Nepali Ngabere Norwegian Nyaneka Nzema Oromo Otetela Pangasinan Papiamento (Aruba) Persian Polish Portuguese Punjabi Quechua (Ancash) Quechua (Ayacucho) Quechua (Bolivia) Quechua (Cuzco) Romanian Russian Russian Sign Language Sango Sepedi Serbian Serbian (Roman) Sesotho (Lesotho) Shona Silozi Sinhala Slovak Slovenian Spanish Sranantongo Swahili Swati Swedish Tagalog Tahitian Tajiki Tamil Tatar Telugu Thai Tigrinya Totonac Tshiluba Tsonga Tswana Turkish Twi Tzotzil Ukrainian Umbundu Urdu Uzbek Venda Vietnamese Wallisian Waray-Waray Wayuunaiki Wolaita Xhosa Yoruba Zande Zapotec (Isthmus) Zulu\nYehowa—Ɔhwɛ Yɛn, Ɔbɔ Yɛn Ho Ban\n“Ɔdɔ me nti, me nso megye no. Mɛbɔ ne ho ban, efisɛ onim me din.”—DW. 91:14.\nAdɛn nti na yebetumi aka sɛ Yehowa yɛ ɔyamyefo a ɔma yɛn nea yehia?\nDɛn na Yesu ayɛ de apata nnipa ne Onyankopɔn ntam?\nDɛn na Yehowa yɛ de bɔ wɔn a wɔdɔ no na wotie no no ho ban?\n1, 2. Sɛ nnipa bi da abusua biako mu anaa wɔsom Yehowa mpo a, yɛrentumi nka sɛ wɔn tebea yɛ pɛ. Adɛn ntia?\nYEHOWA ne abusua biara farebae. (Efe. 3:14, 15) Sɛ yɛda abusua biako mu mpo a, ɛno nkyerɛ sɛ yɛn suban ne yɛn nsɛm tebea yɛ pɛ. Ebia wotenaa wo maame ne wo papa nkyɛn kosii sɛ wunyinii. Ebinom nso wɔ hɔ a yare anaa akwanhyia nti wɔn awofo nte ase. Nnipa bi mpo deɛ wonhuu wɔn maame anaa wɔn papa da.\n2 Yehowa asomfo nso yɛ abusua biako. Nanso yɛn a yɛwɔ mu mpo, ɛsono ɔkwan a obiara faa so huu nokware no. Ebia wobɛka sɛ ‘me deɛ wɔwoo me too nokware no mu.’ Sɛ saa a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ w’awofo de Onyankopɔn asɛm duaa wo komam fii wo mmofraase. (Deut. 6:6, 7) Nnipa dodow no ara deɛ ebia Yehowa Adansefo na ɛkaa asɛm no kyerɛɛ wɔn ma wohuu nokware no. Ebia woka saafo no ho.—Rom. 10:13-15; 1 Tim. 2:3, 4.\n3. Dɛn na ɛda amansan nyinaa kɔn mu?\n3 Ɛwom, ɛsono obiara ne ne nsɛm tebea, nanso biribi wɔ hɔ a ɛda amansan nyinaa kɔn mu. Adam asoɔden de bɔne ne sintɔ ne owu asoa yɛn nyinaa. (Rom. 5:12) Yɛn tebea yi nyinaa akyi no, nokware asomfo betumi afrɛ Yehowa sɛ “yɛn Agya” ma ayɛ yiye. Tete no Onyankopɔn nkurɔfo kae sɛ “O Yehowa, wone yɛn Agya.” (Yes. 64:8) Bio, bere a Yesu rekyerɛ ɔkwan a yɛbɛfa so abɔ mpae no, ofii ase sɛ: “Yɛn Agya a wowɔ soro, wo din ho ntew.”—Mat. 6:9.\n4, 5. Dɛn na ɛbɛboa yɛn ma yɛadɔ yɛn soro Agya Yehowa paa?\n4 Yɛn soro Agya no hwɛ n’asomfo anokwafo na ɔbɔ wɔn ho ban. Odwontofo no kaa asɛm bi, na eyi ma yehu adwene a Yehowa wɔ wɔ ne nkoa ho. Ɔkae sɛ: “Ɔdɔ me nti, me nso megye no. Mɛbɔ ne ho ban, efisɛ onim me din.” (Dw. 91:14) Nokwasɛm ne sɛ Yehowa Nyankopɔn bɔ ne nkurɔfo ho ban sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔn atamfo rentɔre wɔn ase.\n5 Ɛnde, momma yɛnhwɛ nneɛma abiɛsa bi a ɛbɛma yɛadɔ yɛn soro Agya no paa: (1) Ɔma yɛn nea yehia. (2) Ɔbɔ yɛn ho ban. (3) Ɔyɛ yɛn adamfo paa. Bere a yɛresusuw saa nsɛm yi ho no, momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea yɛne Onyankopɔn ntam betumi ayɛ papa ne nea yɛbɛyɛ ahyɛ yɛn soro Agya no anuonyam. Afei nso wubetumi abisa wo ho sɛ, ‘Nhyira bɛn na Yehowa asiesie ama wɔn a wɔka ba ne ho?’—Yak. 4:8.\nYEHOWA YI NE YAM HWƐ YƐN\n6. Ade biako bɛn nti na yebetumi aka sɛ “akyɛde pa” biara fi Yehowa hɔ?\n6 Osuani Yakobo kyerɛwee sɛ: “Akyɛde pa ne adekyɛde a ɛyɛ pɛ biara fi soro; efi hann Agya no nkyɛn.” (Yak. 1:17) Akyɛde kɛse biako a Yehowa de ama yɛn ne nkwa. (Dw. 36:9) Sɛ yɛde yɛn nkwa yɛ Onyankopɔn apɛde a, ɛnnɛ mpo yebetwa so aba pii, na daakye nso yebenya daa nkwa wɔ wiase foforo no mu. (Mmeb. 10:22; 2 Pet. 3:13) Nanso sɛ yɛhwɛ Adam asoɔden ne ne nsunsuanso a, yɛbɛyɛ dɛn anya nhyira a ɛte saa?\n7. Dɛn na Onyankopɔn ayɛ a enti yetumi fa no adamfo?\n7 Yehowa ma yɛn nea yehia wɔ akwannuasa nyinaa so. Wo deɛ yɛnhwɛ, ɛnyɛ Yehowa adom a anka yɛwɔ he? Yɛn nyinaa yɛ abɔnefo, na sintɔ mu na Adam woo yɛn. (Rom. 3:23) Nanso esiane sɛ Yehowa dɔ yɛn nti, ɔno ankasa tuu anammɔn bi a ɛbɛma yɛatumi ne no afa adamfo a emu yɛ den. Ɔsomafo Yohane kyerɛwee sɛ: “Eyi mu na woyii Onyankopɔn dɔ adi wɔ yɛn ho, efisɛ Onyankopɔn somaa ne Ba a ɔwoo no koro no baa wiase sɛ yɛmfa ne so nnya nkwa. Eyi mu na ɔdɔ no wɔ, ɛnyɛ sɛ yɛn na yɛdɔɔ Onyankopɔn, na mmom ɔno na ɔdɔɔ yɛn na ɔsomaa ne Ba bae sɛ ɔmfa ne nkwa mmɛbɔ afɔre mpata mma yɛn bɔne.”—1 Yoh. 4:9, 10.\n8, 9. Abraham ne Isak bere so no, dɛn na Yehowa yɛe a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔma ne nkoa nea wohia? (Hwɛ mfonini a ɛwɔ adesua yi mfiase no.)\n8 Aka bɛyɛ mfe 1,900 ma wɔawo Yesu no, biribi sii Abraham asetenam. Ɛma yehu nhyehyɛe a Yehowa ayɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ahobrɛasefo benya daa nkwa. Hebrifo 11:17-19 kyerɛkyerɛ asɛm no mu. Ɛka sɛ: “Gyidi nti bere a wɔsɔɔ Abraham hwɛe no, ɔde Isak bɔɔ afɔre wiei koraa ne sa, na ɔbarima a na ɔde anigye agye bɔhyɛ ahorow no yɛe sɛ ɔde ne ba koro no rebɔ afɔre, ɛwom sɛ na wɔaka akyerɛ no sɛ: ‘Nea wɔbɛfrɛ no “w’aseni” no nam Isak so na ɛbɛba.’ Nanso ohui sɛ Onyankopɔn betumi anyan no afi awufo mu mpo; na ɛno mu nso na ne nsa kaa no wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne kwan so.” Yehu ne sɛso wɔ Yehowa ho. Oyii ne yam de ne Ba Yesu Kristo bɔɔ afɔre maa adesamma.—Monkenkan Yohane 3:16, 36.\n9 Wo deɛ hwɛ, wɔde Isak bɔɔ afɔre wiei koraa ne sa, enti bere a amma so no, hwɛ sɛnea obegu ahome afa! Bere a Onyankopɔn de odwennini sii Isak ananmu bɔɔ afɔre no, ɛbɛyɛ sɛ Isak daa Onyankopɔn ase papaapa. (Gen. 22:10-13) Ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ Abraham frɛɛ hɔ “Yehowa-Yire.” Nea ɛkyerɛ ankasa wɔ Hebri mu ne “Yehowa Bɛma.”—Gen. 22:14.\nWAMA YƐN MPATADE\n10, 11. Henanom na wodi “mpata som adwuma” no mu akoten, na sɛn na wɔreyɛ no?\n10 Sɛ yɛtɔ yɛn bo ase hwɛ nea Yehowa ayi ne yam de ama yɛn nyinaa a, yehu sɛ Yesu Kristo afɔre no adi dwumasono bi paa wɔ yɛn asetenam. Saa na Paulo huu no, na ɔkyerɛwee sɛ: “Eyi ho na yɛabu atɛn, sɛ obiakofo wu maa obiara; ɛnde na obiara awu; na owu maa obiara na wɔn a wɔte ase no antena ase amma wɔn ho bio, na mmom wɔatena ase ama nea owu maa wɔn na wonyan no no.”—2 Kor. 5:14, 15.\n11 Ná tete Kristofo no dɔ Onyankopɔn, na na ɛyɛ wɔn dɛ paa sɛ wɔanya kwan resom no, enti wɔde wɔn koma nyinaa soo “mpata som adwuma” no mu. Saa adwuma yi ne asɛnka ne asuafoyɛ adwuma no. Eyi buee kwan maa asomdwoe baa ahobrɛasefo ne Onyankopɔn ntam ma wɔbɛyɛɛ ne nnamfo, na ne korakora no, wɔbɛyɛɛ ne honhom fam mma. Ɛnnɛ nso ɔsom adwuma koro yi ara na Yehowa asomfo a wɔasra wɔn no reyɛ. Wɔyɛ Onyankopɔn ne Kristo ahemmɔfo, na wɔnam asɛnka adwuma no so aka nnipa ahobrɛasefo aba Yehowa nkyɛn ma wɔabɛyɛ n’asomfo.—Monkenkan 2 Korintofo 5:18-20; Yoh. 6:44; Aso. 13:48.\n12, 13. Dɛn na yebetumi ayɛ de akyerɛ sɛ yɛn ani sɔ nea Yehowa ayɛ ama yɛn nyinaa?\n12 Nguan foforo no ani sɔ nea Yehowa ayɛ ama wɔn nyinaa, enti wɔde wɔn ntama akɔbɔ wɔn a wɔasra wɔn no de ano ne wɔn reka Ahenni ho asɛmpa no. Ade biako a ɛboa yɛn wɔ asɛmpaka adwuma no mu ne Bible. Eyi nso yɛ akyɛde nwonwaso a Onyankopɔn de ama yɛn. (2 Tim. 3:16, 17) Sɛ yɛde Onyankopɔn Asɛm no di dwuma yiye wɔ asɛnka mu a, yɛboa afoforo ma wɔde wɔn nan si nkwa kwan no so. Yehowa ama yɛn biribi foforo nso a ɛboa yɛn wɔ asɛnka adwuma no mu. Ɛno ne honhom kronkron. (Sak. 4:6; Luka 11:13) Sɛ yɛhwɛ Yehowa Adansefo afe nhoma biara mu a, yehu sɛ asɛnka adwuma no resow aba paa. Ɛyɛ akwannya kɛse paa sɛ yɛbɛyɛ saa adwuma yi bi de ahyɛ yɛn soro Agya Yamyefo no anuonyam!\n13 Nea Onyankopɔn ayɛ ama yɛn nyinaa nti, ɛsɛ sɛ yɛn mu biara bisa ne ho sɛ: ‘Mayi me yam reyɛ ɔsom adwuma no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a Yehowa behu sɛ m’ani sɔ nea wayɛ ama me nyinaa? Dɛn na mɛyɛ na matumi ayɛ asɛnka adwuma no yiye?’ Ade biako a yɛde bɛkyerɛ sɛ yɛn ani sɔ nea Onyankopɔn ayɛ ama yɛn ne sɛ yɛde Ahenni no bedi kan wɔ yɛn asetenam. Yɛyɛ saa a, Yehowa nso bɛma yɛn nsa aka nea yehia nyinaa. (Mat. 6:25-33) Sɛ yɛhwɛ nneɛma a Yehowa de adom yɛn yi a, wunhu sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ nea yebetumi biara ma ne koma tɔ ne yam?—Mmeb. 27:11.\n14. Dɛn na Yehowa yɛ de kyerɛ sɛ ɔyɛ Ogyefo ampa?\n14 Odwontofo Dawid too dwom sɛ: “Me de, meyɛ mmɔborɔni ne ohiani. Yehowa na odwen me ho. Wone me boafo ne me Gyefo.” (Dw. 40:17) Yɛwɔ adanse pii a ɛkyerɛ sɛ Yehowa gye ne nkurɔfo, ɛnkanka bere a atamfo atu wɔn ani asi wɔn so retaa wɔn denneennen no. Sɛ yɛhwɛ sɛnea Onyankopɔn so yɛn mu wɔ mmere a ɛte saa mu ne nneɛma dodow a ɔde hyɛ yɛn gyidi den a, yenhu aseda koraa a yɛmfa mma no!\nYEHOWA BƆ YƐN HO BAN\n15. Ɔkwan bɛn so na agya a ɔdɔ ne ba bɔ ne ho ban? Ma nhwɛso.\n15 Agya bi dɔ ne mma a, ɛnyɛ nea mmofra no hia nko ara na ɔde ma wɔn na mmom ɔbɔ wɔn ho ban nso. Sɛ mmofra no bi rekɔ asiane ho a, ayamhyehye a ɔde bɛso no mu no, wuhu sɛ abofra no da ne koma so paa. Onua bi kaa asiane bi a ɛtoo no wɔ ne mmofraase. Ɔkae sɛ da bi ɔne ne papa kɔɔ asɛnka. Bere a wɔpɔn asɛnka a wɔrekɔ fie no, wɔkɔtoo nsu bi a ɛsɛ sɛ wotwa. Saa da no na osu atɔ ma nsu no ayiri atɛm so. Ná abotan tintim nsu no mu, na abofra no dii ne papa anim yɛe sɛ ɔrehuruw asi ɔbotan biako so. Nanso ne nan ansi yiye na ɔpatiriw tɔɔ nsu no mu. Sɛ ɛnyɛ ne papa na ɔyɛɛ ntɛm soo no mu twee no a, anka nsu no de no kɔe. Saa ara na yɛn soro Agya no bɔ yɛn ho ban fi Satan ne ne wiase bɔne yi ho. Ampa, Yehowa ne Bammɔfo Kunini no; n’akyi no, obiara nni hɔ.—Mat. 6:13; 1 Yoh. 5:19.\n16, 17. Bere a Israelfo ne Amalekfo reko no, dɛn na Yehowa yɛe de bɔɔ wɔn ho ban?\n16 Sɛ yɛpɛ sɛ yehu sɛnea Yehowa bɔ ne nkurɔfo ho ban a, yɛnhwɛ nea ɔyɛe bɛyɛ mfe 1,513 ansa na Kristo reba. Saa bere no ogyee Israelfo fii Egypt nkoasom mu, na ɔbɔɔ wɔn ho ban de wɔn faa Po Kɔkɔɔ no mu. Afei Israelfo faa sare so de wɔn ani kyerɛɛ Bepɔw Sinai, na bere a woduu Refidim no, wɔsoɛɛ hɔ.\n17 Esiane nkɔmhyɛ a ɛwɔ Genesis 3:15 no nti, yebetumi aka sɛ na Satan awe ahinam so sɛ ɔbɛfa akwannuasa nyinaa so adwɛre Israel man no. Ná Amalekfo ne Onyankopɔn nkurɔfo nka, enti Satan yɛe sɛ ɔbɛfa wɔn so ako atia Onyankopɔn nkurɔfo. (Num. 24:20) Yehowa nso maa ne homene so, na ɔfaa Yosua, Mose, Aaron ne Hur so bɔɔ ɔman no ho ban. Yosua ne Amalekfo no de sii ani. Saa bere no nyinaa na Mose, Aaron ne Hur te koko bi so wɔ nkyɛn baabi. Bere a ɔko no gyina mu no, sɛ Mose ma ne nsa so a, na Israelfo no redi Amalekfo no so nkonim. Sɛ Mose nsa gyene na ɛreba fam a, na Aaron ne Hur aso mu. Enti “Yosua de nkrante dii Amalek ne ne dɔm so.” Saa kwan yi na Yehowa faa so boaa ne nkurɔfo na ɔbɔɔ wɔn ho ban. (Ex. 17:8-13) Ɛno akyi no, Mose sii afɔremuka wɔ hɔ na ɔtoo din “Yehowa-Nisi.” Nea ɛkyerɛ ankasa ne “Yehowa Ne Me Guankɔbea.”—Monkenkan Exodus 17:14, 15.\nWAGYE YƐN AFI SATAN NSAM\n18, 19. Ɔkwan bɛn so na Onyankopɔn bɔ ne nkurɔfo ho ban nnansa yi?\n18 Wɔn a wɔdɔ Yehowa na wɔyɛ aso tie no no, ɔno nso ayɛ krado sɛ ɔbɛbɔ wɔn ho ban. Sɛnea Onyankopɔn bɔɔ Israelfo ho ban wɔ Refidim no, yɛn nso sɛ yɛn atamfo tu wɔn ani si yɛn so a, yɛdan kɔ Onyankopɔn hɔ ma ɔbɔ yɛn ho ban. Yehowa ayɛ pii de abɔ ne nkurɔfo ho ban agye wɔn afi Ɔbonsam nsam. Adanse pii wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ Onyankopɔn bɔ yɛn nuanom Kristofo ho ban bere a wɔatwe wɔn ho afi wiase amansɛm ne amanyɔsɛm ho no. Eyi ho nhwɛso ne nea ɛkɔɔ so wɔ Nasi nniso ase wɔ Germany ne aman foforo so no. Sɛ yɛkenkan yɛn nuanom asetenam nsɛm ne osuahu a ɛwɔ afe nhoma (Yearbook) mu na yehu sɛnea Onyankopɔn bɔ ne nkurɔfo ho ban wɔ ɔtaa bere mu a, ɛboa ma yehu sɛ ampa-ne-ampa ara Yehowa ne yɛn Guankɔbea, na yɛde yɛn werɛ hyɛ ne mu.—Dw. 91:2.\nSɛ yɛkɔ amanehunu mu a, Yehowa betumi afa yɛn mfɛfo gyidifo so ahyɛ yɛn den (Hwɛ nkyekyɛm 18-20)\n19 Yehowa nam n’ahyehyɛde no ne nhoma ahorow so kaakae yɛn nneɛma pii, na eyi nso bɔ yɛn ho ban. Wo deɛ yɛnhwɛ nkaesɛm a yɛn nsa ka nnansa yi. Ɛnnɛ ahohwibra ne aguamansɛm abɔ wiase no dam, nanso Yehowa ama yɛn nkaesɛm ne afotusɛm a ɛbɛboa yɛn ma yɛn ani ada hɔ na yɛamfa yɛn ho amfɔrefɔre saa nneɛma no. Ɛho nhwɛso ni: Yɛn soro Agya no ama yɛahu asiane a ɛwɔ Intanɛt so fekubɔ mu ne nea yɛbɛyɛ atwe yɛn ho afi fekubɔne ho. *—1 Kor. 15:33.\n20. Afotu ne ahobammɔ bɛn na yenya wɔ Kristofo asafo no mu?\n20 Dɛn na yɛbɛyɛ de akyerɛ sɛ ampa ara ‘Yehowa na ɔrekyerɛkyerɛ yɛn’? Ade biako ne sɛ yebedi n’ahyɛde nyinaa so. (Yes. 54:13) Yɛn asafo ahorow no ayɛ sɛ hintabea. Adɛn ntia? Ɛhɔ na yenya ahobammɔ ne akwankyerɛ, na ɛhɔ ara nso na asafo mu mpanyimfo de Kyerɛwnsɛm no tu yɛn fo. (Gal. 6:1) Yehowa de mpanyimfo no ama sɛ “akyɛde,” na ɔnam wɔn so hwɛ yɛn so yiye. (Efe. 4:7, 8) Ɛnde, sɛ mpanyimfo tu yɛn fo a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ wɔ ho? Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛbrɛ yɛn ho ase tie wɔn. Yɛyɛ saa a, Onyankopɔn behyira yɛn.—Heb. 13:17.\n21. (a) Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛn mu biara si ne bo sɛ ɔbɛyɛ? (b) Dɛn na yebesua wɔ adesua a edi hɔ no mu?\n21 Enti momma yensi yɛn bo sɛ yɛbɛma yɛn soro Agya no de ne honhom kronkron aboa yɛn ma yɛadi n’ahyɛde so. Bio, ehia sɛ yegye bere hwɛ nea Yesu Kristo bɛyɛe na yɛyere yɛn ho di n’anammɔn akyi. Yesu nyaa akatua kɛse efisɛ odii nokware kosii owuo mu. (Filip. 2:5-11) Sɛ yesuasua Yesu na yɛde yɛn koma nyinaa to Yehowa so a, obehwie ne nhyira agu yɛn so. (Mmeb. 3:5, 6) Enti momma yɛnkɔ so ara mfa yɛn ho nto Yehowa so, efisɛ ɔno na oyi ne yam hwɛ yɛn bɔ yɛn ho ban; n’akyi no obiara nni hɔ. Ɛnyɛ wo dɛ sɛ woanya hokwan kɛse sei resom Onyankopɔn a ɔte saa? Ɛnde, sɛ yɛka sɛ Yehowa yɛ yɛn adamfo a ɛkyerɛ sɛn? Yebenya eyi ho mmuae wɔ asɛm a edi hɔ no mu, na ɛbɛhyɛ ɔdɔ a yɛwɔ ma Yehowa no mu kena.\n^ nky. 19 Sɛ worepɛ nsɛm a ɛte saa a, hwɛ asɛm a wɔato din “Fa Intanɛt Di Dwuma Yiye” wɔ August 15, 2011, Ɔwɛn-Aban no kratafa 3-5. Bio nso, hwɛ asɛm a wɔato din “Hwɛ Yiye wɔ Ɔbonsam Mfiri Ho!” ne “Gyina Pintinn na Kwati Ɔbonsam Mfiri!” wɔ August 15, 2012, Ɔwɛn-Aban no kratafa 20-29.