KANEMƆ YƐ Afrikaans Albania Amharic Arabic Armenia Armenia (West) Aymara Blɔfo Bulgaria Catalan Cebuano Chichewa Chinese Cantonese (Simplified) Chinese Cantonese (Traditional) Chinese Mandarin (Simplified) Chinese Mandarin (Traditional) Chitonga Chitumbuka Cibemba Croatia Czech Denmark Dutch Efik Estonia Ewe Finland French Ga Georgia Germany Guarani Haitian Creole Hebri Hela Hiligaynon Hungary Igbo Iloko Indonesia Italia Japan Kazakh Kikaonde Kikuyu Kiluba Kimbundu Kinyarwanda Kirghiz Kirundi Kongo Korea Lingala Lithuania Luganda Macedonia Malagasy Malta Maya Myanmar Nepali Ngabere Norway Nzema Ossetia Otetela Papiamento (Aruba) Papiamento (Curaçao) Poland Portuguese (Brazil) Quechua (Bolivia) Romania Russia Sango Sepedi Serbia (Roma) Serbian (Cyrillic) Sesotho (Lesotho) Setswana Shona Silozi Sinhala Slovak Slovenia Spania Sranantongo Swahili Swahili (Congo) Sweden Tagalog Tatar Thailand Tigrinya Tshiluba Tsonga Turkey Twi Ukrain Umbundu Vietnam Xhosa Zulu\nTimgad—Ana Yiŋtoo Hewɔ ni Maŋtiase ko Hi Shi\nNIIASHIKPALƆ ko ni hiɛ wa waa ni ji Scotlandnyo ni atsɛɔ lɛ James Bruce lɛ heee nɔ ni ena lɛ eyeee. Ena agbó ko ni tsɔɔ kunim ni Romabii lɛ ye, ní efã kpotoo efũ yɛ Algeria shia ŋa lɛ mli! Be ni eyana agbó nɛɛ yɛ afi 1765 lɛ, no mli lɛ eleee akɛ edamɔ Romabii lɛ ashihilɛhe wulu ko ni fe fɛɛ ni amɛmã yɛ Afrika Kooyigbɛ lɛ tsukoi anɔ—blema maŋtiase ni ji Thamugadi, ní amrɔ nɛɛ atsɛɔ lɛ Timgad lɛ.\nYɛ nɔ ni fe afii 100 sɛɛ yɛ afi 1881 lɛ mli lɛ, Frenchbii komɛi ni tsaa shi kɛtaoɔ blema nibii lɛ bɔi Timgad tsukoi ni abaayi jogbaŋŋ lɛ tsaa. Amɛmu sane naa akɛ, eyɛ mli akɛ jɛmɛ yɛ basaa ni nu bɛ jɛmɛ loo nɔ ko nyɛŋ akwɛ̃ yɛ jɛmɛ moŋ, shi onaa akɛ mɛi ni hi jɛmɛ lɛ ye wala ni amɛshwɛ amɛhiɛ waa diɛŋtsɛ. Shi mɛni hã Romabii lɛ to maŋ ni yɔɔ nii waa nɛɛ yɛ he ko tamɔ nɛkɛ? Ni mɛni wɔbaanyɛ wɔkase kɛjɛ blema maŋtiase nɛɛ kɛ mɛi ni hi shi yɛ jɛmɛ lɛ adɛŋ?\nMAŊKWRAMƆŊ YIŊTOO KO NI AŊƆTEE\nBe ni Romabii lɛ kpã amɛnɔyeli lɛ mli yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afi 100 D.Ŋ.B. afii lɛ amli kɛtee Afrika Kooyigbɛ lɛ, maŋbii komɛi ni ehiii shi yɛ he kome lɛ te shi wo amɛ waa. Te Romabii lɛ aaafee tɛŋŋ amɛhã toiŋjɔlɛ ahi amɛkɛ maŋbii lɛ ateŋ lɛ? Shishijee lɛ, asraafoi ni jɛ Third Augustan Legion asrafoi akuu lɛ mli lɛ mamɔ mɔji babaoo yɛ he ni ale akɛ eji ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ Algeria kooyigbɛ lɛ, ni amɛto bulɔi. Sɛɛ mli lɛ, amɛto maŋtiase ni ji Timgad, shi amɛfee nakai kɛ yiŋtoo srɔto ko kwraa.\nYiŋtoo titri hewɔ ni Romabii lɛ to Timgad shishi ji, koni amɛkɛgbɔjɔ shi ni maŋbii lɛ teɔ ewoɔ amɛ lɛ, shi amɛfee amɛnii oookɛɛ amɛto maŋ lɛ kɛhã asraafoi ni eba hejɔɔmɔ lɛ. Ŋaa ni amɛtsɔ lɛ ye omanye. Etsɛɛɛ kwraa ni maŋbii ni bahɔɔ nii amɛhãa Romabii lɛ ná ogbɔjɔ shihilɛ ni yɔɔ Timgad lɛ he miishɛɛ. Mɛi pɛ ni ahãa amɛhiɔ Timgad lɛ ji Romabii lɛ, shi akɛni maŋbii lɛ miisumɔ ni akpɛlɛ amɛnɔ ni amɛ hu amɛbahi jɛmɛ hewɔ lɛ, amɛteŋ mɛi babaoo jɛ amɛsuɔmɔ mli amɛkɛ amɛhe dɔmɔ Roma Asraafoi lɛ ahe afii 25 bɔ ni afee ni no ahã amɛ kɛ amɛbihii lɛ abatsɔmɔ Romabii.\nAfrikabii komɛi kɛ Romabii ni amɛtaoɔ amɛtsɔmɔ lɛ waaa jɛmɛ kɛkɛ, amɛteŋ mɛi komɛi ná hegbɛi wuji yɛ Timgad loo yɛ maŋtiasei krokomɛi ni Romabii lɛ yeɔ nɔ lɛ amli. Ŋaa ni yɔɔ nigii ni Romabii lɛ tsɔ koni maŋbii lɛ kɛ amɛhe abadɔmɔ amɛ lɛ ye omanye aahu akɛ, yɛ maŋ lɛ too afii 50 pɛ sɛɛ lɛ, Afrika Kooyigbɛ bii titri bafee mɛi ni yɔɔ Timgad.\nBƆ NI ROMABII LƐ FEE AMƐLAKA MƐI\nJara kɛ enɔ agbai wujiwuji kɛ nibii ni anyɛɔ akɛ nibii shweɔ nɔ\nTe Romabii lɛ fee tɛŋŋ ni amɛnyɛ amɛlaka maŋbii lɛ oya nakai lɛ? Gbɛ kome ni amɛtsɔ nɔ ji, amɛhã maŋbii lɛ na akɛ mɔ ko nɔ kwɔɔɔ fe mɔ ko—shishitoo mla ko ni Roma maŋsɔɔlɔ ni ji Cicero tsɔɔ. Ajara shikpɔji lɛ amli pɛpɛɛpɛ ahã Roma asraafoi ni eba hejɔɔmɔ lɛ kɛ Afrikabii lɛ. Ato maŋtiase lɛ he gbɛjianɔ jogbaŋŋ, shĩai ni yɔɔ mli lɛ eko fɛɛ eko dalɛ ji ninetalɔi 65 (mitai 20) kɛbɔle, ni gbɛjegbɛi bibii kamɔ shĩai lɛ eko fɛɛ eko he. Ekã shi faŋŋ akɛ bɔ ni mɔ ko efeee mɔ ko yɛ maŋ lɛ mli, kɛ nibii ahe gbɛjianɔ ni ato jogbaŋŋ lɛ hã maŋbii lɛ ahiɛ sɔ waa.\nTaakɛ eji yɛ Roma maŋtiasei pii amli lɛ, maŋbii lɛ nyɛɔ amɛyabuaa amɛhe naa yɛ jara gbii anɔ yɛ jaji anɔ ni amɛboɔ adafitswaa hei atoi loo amɛjieɔ amɛhiɛtserɛ. Ekã shi faŋŋ akɛ, maŋbii ni jɛ gɔji ni bɛŋkɛ ni nibii nyɛɛɛ akwɛ̃ yɛ jɛmɛ lɛ anɔ lɛ feɔ amɛhe mfoniri ní amɛnyiɛ agbai ashishi be ni hulu miitso loo be ni amɛmiiwu nu yɛ maŋ lɛ nuwumɔhei lɛ ekomɛi amli ní amɛmiinu ni nu miishwie shi. Ekolɛ amɛmiina ni amɛtara nubui komɛi ahe ní amɛkɛ amɛnanemɛi miigba sane. Ni enɛɛmɛi feɔ tamɔ nɔ ni amɛmiila.\nTɛ saŋ ni akpɛ nyɔŋmɔi etɛ yɛ ŋwɛigbɛ\nKɛfata he lɛ, shwɛmɔhe ni kã shi kpataa lɛ hu ye ebua waa kɛlaka maŋbii lɛ. Ewoɔ mɛi fe 3,500, ni mɛi babaoo ni jɛ Timgad kɛ ehewɔŋ maji lɛ anɔ lɛ baa jɛmɛ amɛbajieɔ amɛhiɛtserɛ, ni amɛfeɔ hoo. Mɛi ni baa hiɛtserɛjiemɔ he nɛɛ kwɛɔ nibii ni kɔɔ jeŋba sha kɛ yiwalɛ nifeemɔi ahe, ni enɛɛmɛi ji nibii ni Romabii lɛ kɛjieɔ amɛhiɛtserɛ waa.\nRomabii ajamɔ lɛ hu tsu egbɛfaŋnɔ. Amɛkɛ tɛi bibii ni hiɛ sui srɔtoi ye amɛnyɔŋmɔi lɛ ahe samai amɛwo amɛhejuuhei lɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ kɛ gbogboi lɛ ahe fɛɛ fɛfɛo. Akɛni hejuu ji nɔ ko ni afeɔ daa gbi hewɔ lɛ, fiofio lɛ maŋbii lɛ bale Romabii lɛ anyɔŋmɔi lɛ kɛ amɛjamɔ lɛ he nii pii. Mɔdɛŋ ni Romabii lɛ bɔ koni Afrikabii lɛ kɛ amɛhe awo amɛkusumii lɛ amli lɛ ye omanye, enɛ hã bei pii kɛ́ aafee saŋi lɛ, akɛ maŋbii anyɔŋmɔi etɛ kɛ Romabii lɛ hu anyɔŋmɔi etɛ wulaa lɛ.\nMAŊTIASE FƐFƐO LƐ LAAJE KWRAA\nBe ni Nɔyelɔ Trajan to maŋ lɛ shishi yɛ afi 100 Ŋ.B. lɛ, Romabii lɛ wo mɛi ni yɔɔ Afrika Kooyigbɛ fɛɛ lɛ hewalɛ ni amɛdu abele, amɛfee mutso mu, kɛ wein. Etsɛɛɛ kwraa ni Afrika Kooyigbɛ batsɔ he ni Romabii lɛ jɛɔ amɛkɛ nibii ni he hiaa nɛɛ yaa amɛnɔyeli shikpɔji krokomɛi lɛ fɛɛ anɔ. Taakɛ eji yɛ maŋtiasei krokomɛi ni yɔɔ Roma nɔyeli lɛ shishi lɛ, Timgad hu shwere waa. Be ni be shwie mli lɛ, mɛi ni yɔɔ Timgad lɛ ayi bafa, ni agbele maŋ lɛ mli kɛtee ehusui lɛ asɛɛ kwraa.\nMɛi ni yɔɔ maŋtiase lɛ mli lɛ kɛ shikpɔji atsɛmɛi lɛ ná nii waa yɛ jara ni amɛkɛ Romabii lɛ ye lɛ hewɔ, shi okwaafoi ni yɔɔ maŋ lɛ mli lɛ naaa enɛ he sɛɛ tsɔ ko. Yɛ afi 200 Ŋ.B. afii lɛ amli, jalɛsane ni ayeee kɛ too babaoo ni aheɔ lɛ hã okwaafoi ni ŋmɔji daraaa lɛ te shi amɛwo amɛhe. Amɛteŋ mɛi ni kɛ amɛhe ewo Katolik jamɔ lɛ mli lɛ kɛ amɛhe yadɔmɔ Donatistbii—ni ji kuu ko ni kɛɛ Kristofoi ji amɛ ni te shi wo juu kɛ fɔ̃ ni yɔɔ Katolik Sɔlemɔ lɛ mli lɛ.—Kwɛmɔ akrabatsa ni ji “ Donatistbii Lɛ—Jeee ‘Sɔlemɔ Krɔŋkrɔŋ’ Ko.”\nBe ni jamɔi lɛ kɛ amɛhe wu aahu, ní maŋ tai tetee shi, ní basabasafeelɔi hu kɛ amɛhe bawo mli lɛ, ehã Romabii lɛ anine nyɛ shi, amɛnyɛɛɛ amɛkɛ hiŋmɛigbelemɔ ni amɛka akɛ amɛbaaba Afrika Kooyigbɛ lɛ aba. Dani afi 500 Ŋ.B. afii lɛ kɛɛ eshɛɔ lɛ, Arabbii komɛi ni jɛ nakai maŋ lɛ nɔ lɛ bashã Timgad wɛlɛŋŋ, ni maŋ lɛ laaje kwraa nɔ ni fe afii 1,000.\n“ENƐ JI WALA LƐ!”\nLatin niŋmai ni yɔɔ henaabuamɔhe lɛ, ekaneɔ akɛ: “Gbɔbimɔ, hejuu, shwɛmɔ, ŋmɔlɔ—enɛ ji wala lɛ!”\nMɛi ni tsaa shi kɛtaoɔ blema nibii ni tsa Timgad lɛ anaa kpɛ amɛhe waa yɛ nɔ ko ni aŋma yɛ Latin mli ni amɛna yɛ henaabuamɔhe lɛ hewɔ. Nɔ ni aŋma lɛ kaneɔ akɛ: “Gbɔbimɔ, hejuu, shwɛmɔ, ŋmɔlɔ—enɛ ji wala lɛ!” French yinɔsaneŋmalɔ ko wie akɛ enɛ “tamɔ jeŋ nilee ko ni sɛɛnamɔ bɛ he, shi nakai beaŋ nɔŋŋ lɛ eji nɔ ni mɛi krokomɛi baabu akɛ nilee yɛ mli.”\nYɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, Romabii lɛ kɛ amɛhe wo shihilɛ ni tamɔ nakai mli afii babaoo. Kristofonyo bɔfo Paulo ni hi shi yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afi 100 lɛ mli lɛ wie mɛi komɛi ni hiɛ susumɔ akɛ, “Nyɛhãa wɔyea nii ni wɔnua dãai, ejaakɛ wɔ́ lɛ, wɔbaagboi” lɛ ahe. Eyɛ mli akɛ Romabii lɛ kɛɛ amɛjáa Nyɔŋmɔ moŋ, shi amɛsumɔɔ ni amɛye be kukuoo mli ŋɔɔmɔ, ní amɛsusuuu nɔ diɛŋtsɛ ni he hiaa yɛ shihilɛ mli lɛ he. Paulo bɔ enanemɛi Kristofoi lɛ kɔkɔ koni amɛkwɛ amɛhe nɔ jogbaŋŋ yɛ gbɔmɛi ni tamɔ nakai lɛ ahe, ewie akɛ: “Nyɛkahãa ashishiua nyɛ. Naanyobɔɔ fɔŋ fiteɔ jeŋba kpakpa.”—1 Korintobii 15:32, 33.\nEyɛ mli akɛ mɛi ni hi shi yɛ Timgad lɛ hi shi aaafee afi 1,500 ni eho nɛ moŋ, shi jwɛŋmɔ ni mɛi hiɛ yɛ shihilɛ he lɛ tsakeko tsɔ. Ŋmɛnɛ lɛ, mɛi babaoo ni yɔɔ lɛ susuɔ shihilɛ mli ni amɛyɔɔ amrɔ nɛɛ pɛ he. Yɛ mɛi nɛɛ agbɛfaŋ lɛ, nilee yɛ jwɛŋmɔ ni Romabii lɛ hiɛ yɛ shihilɛ he lɛ he, ekɔɔɔ he eko nɔ ni baajɛ aba. Kɛ̃lɛ, Biblia lɛ kɛ ŋaawoo ni yɔɔ tɛ̃ɛ ni mli kã shi ni sa hãa, ekɛɔ akɛ: ‘Je nɛŋ nifeemɔ lɛ miitsake.’ No hewɔ lɛ, ewoɔ wɔ hewalɛ ‘koni wɔkɛ je lɛ akɛtsu nii kɛmɔ shi.’—1 Korintobii 7:31.\nTimgad tsukoi lɛ yeɔ odase akɛ miishɛɛ kɛ shihilɛ kpakpa namɔ damɔɔɔ nii ni aŋma ni ana yɛ shikpɔŋ ni efũ afii babaoo yɛ shia mli yɛ Afrika Kooyigbɛ lɛ ní akɛaatsu nii lɛ nɔ. No najiaŋ lɛ, edamɔ nɔ ni Biblia lɛ kɛɔ lɛ ni akɛaatsu nii lɛ nɔ, ekɛɔ akɛ: “Je lɛ hoɔ eyaa kɛ emli sɛɛdii nii lɛ; shi mɔ ni feɔ Nyɔŋmɔ suɔmɔnaa nii lɛ hiɔ shi kɛyaa naanɔ.”—1 Yohane 2:17.\nDonatistbii—Amɛjeee ‘Sɔlemɔ Krɔŋkrɔŋ’\nTimgad baptisimɔhe lɛ hãa anaa akɛ, “Kristofoi” hi nakai maŋ lɛ mli\nYɛ maŋ ko ni atsɛɔ lɛ Timgad lɛ anaigbɛ lɛ, anaa sɔlemɔtsu ko kɛ eyiteŋ kokroo ni afee he ko ni abaptisiɔ mɛi yɛ mli lɛ tsukoi. Enɛ kaiɔ wɔ akɛ be ni shɛɔ afii 300 Ŋ.B. afii lɛ amli lɛ, maŋbii lɛ ateŋ mɛi babaoo ebatsɔmɔ Donatistbii, ni ji “Kristofoi” akuu ko ni tse amɛhe kɛjɛ Roma sɔlemɔ lɛ he lɛ.\nDonatistbii lɛ nyaaa he akɛ Roma nɔyelɔi lɛ kɛ amɛhe baawo jamɔŋ saji amli. Amɛna amɛjamɔ lɛ akɛ eji ‘sɔlemɔ krɔŋkrɔŋ’ ni etse ehe kɛjɛ je lɛ he. Shi dɔlɛ sane ji akɛ, amɛnifeemɔ etsɔɔ nakai. Donatistbii lɛ kɛ amɛhe wo maŋ saji kɛ maŋkwramɔŋ basabasafeemɔi amli, ni amɛfi okwaafoi komɛi ni te shi amɛwo amɛshikpɔjiatsɛmɛi kɛ Roma toohelɔi lɛ asɛɛ, ni nifeemɔi nɛɛ hã mɛi wie kɛshi amɛ. Yɛ nɔ ni Donatistbii lɛ wie lɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, nɔ ko kwraa etsɔɔɔ akɛ amɛji ‘sɔlemɔ krɔŋkrɔŋ.’—Yohane 15:19.\nNaa yiŋtoi enyɔ ahewɔ ni obaanyɛ ohe oye akɛ nibii kpakpai ni Biblia lɛ ewo shi akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ baafee ehã adesai lɛ baaba mli.