Abahanga muri siyansi mu kigo CSIRO bari kugerageza inkingo ebyiri Izo nkingo zakozwe na Kaminuza ya Oxford yo mu Bwongereza na kompanyi Inovio Pharmaceuticals yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Zahawe uruhushya n'ishami ry'umuryango w'abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS/WHO) rwo kugeragerezwa ku nyamaswa. Ikigo cya Australia cyita ku bumenyi bwa siyansi kizagenzura niba izo nkingo zikora, ndetse niba nta ngaruka zagira ku bantu. Igerageza rya mbere ry'urukingo ku bantu ryabereye muri Amerika mu kwezi gushize kwa gatatu, ariko risimbuka icyiciro cyo kubanza kugeragerezwa ku nyamaswa. Hari izindi nkingo nyinshi zirimo gukorwa mu bice bitandukanye by'isi muri iki gihe, kandi ku muvuduko udasanzwe. Ariko izo nkingo ziri kugeragezwa n'ikigo cya Australia cya siyansi n'ubushakashatsi bugari gishamikiye ku muryango wa Commonwealth (CSIRO) zirihariye, nkuko kibivuga. Ikigo CSIRO kivuga ko ayo magerageza azaba abaye aya mbere yimbitse yo ku nyamaswa abanziriza ko izo nkingo zigeragerezwa ku barwayi nyabarwayi. Abashakashatsi bavuga ko umuvuduko n'ubufatanye ku rwego rw'isi byatumye iki cyiciro cy'igerageza kigerwaho mu buryo butari bwarigeze bubaho mbere. Dr Rob Grenfell wo mu kigo CSIRO yabwiye abanyamakuru kuri uyu wa kane ati: "Ubusanzwe bifata hafi igihe cy'umwaka umwe kugera ku myaka ibiri kugira ngo hagerwe kuri iki cyiciro, none mu by'ukuri twakigabanyije kiba igihe cy'amezi macye". Bizagenda gute? Mu minsi micye ishize, itsinda ry'abashakashatsi bo mu kigo CSIRO bashyize ingero z'izo nkingo mu nyamaswa z'inyamabere zo mu muryango w'agasamunyiga. Byamaze kugaragara ko izo nyamaswa zo mu muryango w'agasamunyiga zandura coronavirus mu buryo bumwe nkuko abantu bayandura. Sars-CoV-2 ni bwo bwoko bwa coronavirus butera indwara yo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero ya Covid-19. Ku isi ubu hari gukorwa inkingo zigera kuri 20 za Covid-19. Rero ikigo CSIRO kirikugerageza ebyiri muri izo zatoranyijwe n'urugaga rwo ku isi ruri kugenzura bwinshi mu bushakashatsi bugamije kubona urukingo. Urwo rugaga rwitwa 'Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations'. Inkingo ebyiri zishobora kuvamo iza Covid-19 nizo ziri kugeragezwa Uburyo bumwe bushobora kuzavamo urukingo nyirizina bwakozwe na Kaminuza ya Oxford. Ni urukingo mwikorezi (vector vaccine), rukoresha virusi 'mpimbano' rwifitemo. Bityo rugashyira intungamubiri za coronavirus mu bwirinzi bw'umubiri, ubundi rukareba uko bigenda n'uko umubiri ubyitwaramo. Profeseri Trevor Drew ukuriye 'Laboratoire' ya Australia ipima ibijyanye n'ubuzima bw'inyamaswa aho iryo gerageza riri gukorerwa, yagize ati: "Ariko ntabwo ziyongera [intungamubiri z'iyo coronavirus y'inkorano]…rero ntabwo bishoboka ko umuntu yarwara bitewe n'uru rukingo". Yavuze ko urundi rukingo ruri kugeragezwa - rwa kompanyi ikora imiti Inovio Pharmaceuticals - "rutandukanye cyane [n'urwo rundi] ariko rurashimishije". Rwakorewe gutahura intungamubiri (proteins) zimwe na zimwe coronavirus ishyira mu bwirinzi bw'umubiri, zigatuma utunyangingo tw'umubiri twihutira gukora nk'izo ntungamubiri mbere yuko ubwirinzi bw'umubiri butangira kugira icyo buzikoraho. Profeseri Drew yagize ati: "Ni ingenzi cyane gukoresha uburyo bwo gushakiriza henshi. Biduha amahirwe menshi cyane yo kugera ku ntsinzi". Ibyavuyemo tuzabimenya hafi ryari hashoboka? Abo bahanga muri siyansi bavuze ko ibya mbere mu bizava muri ayo magerageza y'inkingo ku nyamaswa bishobora gutangazwa mu kwezi kwa gatandatu uyu mwaka. Mu gihe byaba bitanze umusaruro mwiza, izo nkingo zahita zoherezwa kugeragerezwa ku barwayi, bigakorerwa muri za 'laboratoire' z'ahandi ku isi. Kuri icyo cyiciro, kwihutira kugeza uwo muti ku isoko bishobora guhita byihutishwa cyane, ariko impuguke ziburira ko haba hagisigaye nibura amezi 18 ngo urwo rukingo ruhabwe ibyangombwa ndetse rusuzumwe n'ubuziranenge. Nk'urugero, urukingo rwa Kaminuza ya Oxford ubu ruri no gukorerwa igerageza mu yindi 'laboratoire' ku yindi nyamaswa yo mu bundi bwoko, kugira ngo rwuzuze ibisabwa n'amategeko yo muri Amerika. Dr Grenfell yagize ati: "Mu by'ukuri ibishobora kuvamo inkingo byose biba bihuriweho na za kompanyi n'imiryango myinshi kuko nta muryango umwe rukumbi ushobora mu by'ukuri gukora urukingo [wonyine]". Ariko yavuze ko "afite icyizere" ku kizava muri ayo magerageza, ashingiye ku bufatanye bw'abantu n'ibigo bitandukanye ku isi bari kuyagiramo uruhare. Ati: "Ubu ni ubufatanye bw'ukuri mu rwego rw'ubushakashatsi, muri rubanda ndetse n'abikorera ku giti cyabo kugira ngo rwose tugere ku ntsinzi aho ibintu bigeze ubu".