question: where was the first colony in north america located

answers: Virginia

title: Jamestown, Virginia

text: The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. William Kelso writes that Jamestown "is where the British Empire began". It was established by the Virginia Company of London as "James Fort" on May 4, 1607 (O.S.; May 14, 1607 N.S.), and was considered permanent after brief abandonment in 1610. It followed several failed attempts, including the Lost Colony of Roanoke. Jamestown served as the capital of the colony of Virginia for 83 years, from 1616 until 1699.

title: Roanoke Colony

text: Roanoke Colony The Roanoke Colony (), also known as the Lost Colony, was the first attempt at founding a permanent English settlement in North America. It was established in 1585 on Roanoke Island in what is today's Dare County, North Carolina. The colony was sponsored by Sir Walter Raleigh, although he himself never set foot in it. The initial settlement was established in the summer of 1585, but a lack of supplies and bad relations with the local Native Americans caused many of its members to return to England with Sir Francis Drake a year later, leaving behind a small

title: Canada

text: of Saint Lawrence where, on July 24, he planted a cross bearing the words "Long Live the King of France" and took possession of the territory New France in the name of King Francis I. In general the settlements appear to have been short-lived, possibly due to the similarity of outputs producible in Scandinavia and northern Canada and the problems of navigating trade routes at that time. In 1583, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, by the royal prerogative of Queen Elizabeth I, founded St. John's, Newfoundland, as the first North American English colony. French explorer Samuel de Champlain arrived in 1603 and

title: Former colonies and territories in Canada

text: was established at Tadoussac, but only five of the sixteen settlers survived the winter and returned home that summer. In 1604, the first year round permanent settlement was founded by Samuel de Champlain at Île-Saint-Croix on Baie Française (Bay of Fundy) which was moved to Port-Royal in 1605. In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded the city of Quebec with 28 men of whom 20 died from lack of food and from scurvy the first winter. British colonization of the Americas (including colonization sponsored by both the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland before the 1707 Acts of Union which

title: Fort Raleigh National Historic Site

text: Fort Raleigh National Historic Site Fort Raleigh National Historic Site preserves the location of Roanoke Colony, the first English settlement in the present-day United States. The site was preserved for its national significance in relation to the founding of the first English settlement in North America in 1587. The colony, which was promoted and backed by entrepreneurs led by Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh ("ca." 1554–1618), failed sometime between 1587 and 1590 when supply ships failed to arrive on time. When next visited, the settlement was abandoned with no survivors found. The fate of the "Lost Colony" remains a mystery. The

title: Richard Whitbourne

text: by William Vaughan to govern his colony at Renews in Newfoundland, he did so from 1618 until 1620 when Vaughan abandoned the venture. Whitbourne was sent to establish law and order in the colony, he was the first to hold a court of justice in North America at Trinity in 1615. In 1620, Whitbourne published "A Discourse and Discovery of New-found-land" in order to promote colonisation on the island. Between 1589 (at latest) and 1627 Whitbourne had a house at or near Exmouth on the south Devon coast of England. Perhaps dying on a foreign voyage, he was buried at

title: Quebec City

text: Jamestown, and Tadoussac). It is home to the earliest known French settlement in North America, Fort Charlesbourg-Royal, established in 1541 by explorer Jacques Cartier with some 400 persons but abandoned less than a year later due to the hostility of the natives and the harsh winter. The fort was at the mouth of the Rivière du Cap Rouge, in the suburban former town of Cap-Rouge (which merged into Quebec City in 2002). Quebec was founded by Samuel de Champlain, a French explorer and diplomat, on 3 July 1608, and at the site of a long abandoned St. Lawrence Iroquoian settlement

title: Secotan

text: on the coast. The placement of a colony at Roanoke marked the first English colonial presence in North America. Before the English placed their first settlement on Roanoke Island, Master Philip Amadas and Master Arthur Barlowe executed an expedition on "April 27, 1584", on behalf of Sir Walter Raleigh, who received an English charter, to establish a colony a month earlier. During their expedition, Barlowe took detailed notes relating to conflicts and rivalries between different groups of Native Americans. In one such account, Wingina, the "wereoance" or chief of the Secotans, explained his own tribal history, in relation to a

title: French colonization of the Americas

text: the first winter. In 1604 Pierre Du Gua de Monts and Samuel de Champlain founded a short-lived French colony, the first in Acadia, on Saint Croix Island, presently part of the state of Maine, which was much plagued by illness, perhaps scurvy. The following year the settlement was moved to Port Royal, located in present-day Nova Scotia. Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec (1608) and explored the Great Lakes. In 1634, Jean Nicolet founded "La Baye des Puants" (present-day Green Bay), which is one of the oldest permanent European settlements in America. In 1634, Sieur de Laviolette founded Trois-Rivières. In 1642,

title: Wessagusset Colony

text: the original settlement was lost to history and development. The location of the original fort was not rediscovered until 1891. Wessagusset Colony Wessagusset Colony (sometimes called the Weston Colony or Weymouth Colony) was a short-lived English trading colony in New England located in present-day Weymouth, Massachusetts. It was settled in August 1622 by between fifty and sixty colonists who were ill-prepared for colonial life. The colony was settled without adequate provisions, and was dissolved in late March 1623 after harming relations with local Native Americans. Surviving colonists joined Plymouth Colony or returned to England. It was the second settlement in

title: Wessagusset Colony

text: Wessagusset Colony Wessagusset Colony (sometimes called the Weston Colony or Weymouth Colony) was a short-lived English trading colony in New England located in present-day Weymouth, Massachusetts. It was settled in August 1622 by between fifty and sixty colonists who were ill-prepared for colonial life. The colony was settled without adequate provisions, and was dissolved in late March 1623 after harming relations with local Native Americans. Surviving colonists joined Plymouth Colony or returned to England. It was the second settlement in Massachusetts, predating the Massachusetts Bay Colony by six years. Historian Charles Francis Adams Jr. referred to the colony as "ill-conceived,

title: Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)

text: Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866) The Colony of British Columbia was a crown colony in British North America from 1858 until 1866. It was founded by Richard Clement Moody, who became the first Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia from 1858 to 1863. At its creation, it physically constituted approximately half the present day Canadian province of British Columbia, since it did not include the Colony of Vancouver Island, the vast and still largely uninhabited regions north of the Nass and Finlay Rivers, the regions east of the Rocky Mountains, or any of the coastal islands. The Colony of the Queen Charlotte

title: History of North Carolina

text: Bandera have confirmed the expedition and settlement. Archaeological finds at Joara indicate that it was a Mississippian culture settlement and also indicate Spanish settlement at Fort San Juan in 1567–1568. Joara was the largest mound builder settlement in the region. Records of Hernando de Soto's expedition attested to his meeting with them in 1540. The earliest English attempt at colonization in North America was Roanoke Colony of 1585–1587, the famed "Lost Colony" of Sir Walter Raleigh. The colony was established at Roanoke Island in the Croatan Sound on the leeward side of the Outer Banks. The first attempt at a

title: Port-Royal (Acadia)

text: Lord Ochiltree (Sir James Stewart of Killeith) planted a colony on Cape Breton Island at Baleine, and Sir William Alexander established the first incarnation of "New Scotland" at Port-Royal (present day Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia). This set of British triumphs which left only Cape Sable (present-day Port La Tour, Nova Scotia) as the only major French holding in North America was not destined to last. In 1621 King James I of England granted to Sir William Alexander all of Nova Scotia, which then included New Brunswick. On July 28, 1629, Sir William Alexander (the younger) and seventy Scottish settlers were

title: Catholic Church in Canada

text: and established a colony, calling it Avalon, after the legendary spot where Christianity was introduced to Britain. In 1627 Calvert brought two Catholic priests to Avalon. This was the first continuous Catholic ministry in British North America. Despite the severe religious conflicts of the period, Calvert secured the right of Catholics to practice their religion unimpeded in Newfoundland, and embraced the novel principle of religious tolerance, which he wrote into the Charter of Avalon and the later Charter of Maryland. The Colony of Avalon was thus the first North American jurisdiction to practice religious tolerance. In the way of the

title: James Bay

text: although they did not bring any minerals. This charter granted a complete trading monopoly to the company of the whole Hudson Bay basin (including James Bay). At the same time, the first English colony on what is now mainland Canada, Rupert's Land, was formed, with the first "capital" designated at Charles Fort. The first colonial governor, Charles Baley (various spellings exist, including, but not limited to "Bailey"), was a Quaker, and this is believed to have been a factor in his respectful relations with the company's trading partners, the First Nations. Significant fur trapping has continued in the region. In

title: John Cabot

text: confirmed that Weston had undertaken an independent voyage to the New Found Land in 1499, probably under Cabot's patent, as the first Englishman to lead an expedition to North America. Leaving Bristol, the expedition sailed past Ireland and across the Atlantic, making landfall somewhere on the coast of North America on 24 June 1497. The exact location of the landfall has long been disputed, with different communities vying for the honor. Historians have proposed Cape Bonavista and St. John's (present-day Newfoundland); Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia); as well as Labrador (Canada) and Maine (United States) as possibilities. Since the discovery

title: Red River Colony

text: Red River colonists in hopes that they might bring salvation to the prairies. In July 1811 Miles Macdonell sailed from Yarmouth, England to the Hudson's Bay post at York Factory with 36 primarily Irish and Scottish settlers. Due to persuasive efforts of the North West Company only 18 settlers actually arrived at Red River in August 1812. As the planting season had ended before the settlers could complete the construction of Fort Douglas, they were forced to hunt bison for food and were completely unprepared for the arrival of 120 additional settlers in October. More settlers were scheduled to arrive

title: History of Canada

text: Meadows at the northernmost tip of Newfoundland (carbon dating estimate 990 – 1050 CE) L'Anse aux Meadows is also notable for its connection with the attempted colony of Vinland established by Leif Erikson around the same period or, more broadly, with Norse exploration of the Americas. Under letters patent from King Henry VII of England, the Italian John Cabot became the first European known to have landed in Canada after the time of the Vikings. Records indicate that on 24 June 1497 he sighted land at a northern location believed to be somewhere in the Atlantic provinces. Official tradition deemed

title: Ferryland

text: Park in Quebec, which still keeps its French name.) The land was granted by charter to the London and Bristol Company in the 1610s and the vicinity became the location of a number of short-lived English colonies at Cuper's Cove, Bristol's Hope, and Renews and adjoined the colony of South Falkland. In 1620 the territory was granted to George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore who had obtained the holdings from William Vaughan. Calvert appointed Edward Wynne to establish a colony which became the first successful permanent colony in Newfoundland growing to a population of 100 by 1625. In 1623, Calvert's grant

title: Newfoundland and Labrador

text: the sixteenth century, founded Plaisance (today Placentia), a seasonal haven which French fishermen later also used. In the Newfoundland will, now in an archive in Spain, of the Basque seaman Domingo de Luca dated 1563 de Luca asks "that my body be buried in this port of Plazençia in the place where those who die here are usually buried". This will is the oldest known civil document written in Canada. Twenty years later in 1583 Newfoundland became England's first possession in North America and one of the earliest permanent English colonies in the New World when Sir Humphrey Gilbert claimed

title: 16th century in North American history

text: authority. In 1583 Gilbert landed at Newfoundland and there founded the first British colony in North America. After a voyage of discovery along the south coast he sailed for home, but was lost in a storm off the southern Azores. A year later his patents were renewed in the name of his half-brother, Sir Walter Raleigh. Martin Frobisher, licensed by Elizabeth I and backed by a group of merchant adventurers, sought gold in the New World and a northwest passage to the Orient. George Best accompanied Frobisher on all of his three voyages (in 1576, 1577 and 1578) and this

title: Division No. 1, Subdivision I, Newfoundland and Labrador

text: commemorate the 1617 outpost of that name, an offshoot of the John Guy colony established at Cupids, ten miles away, in 1610 (Dale 1981a). The Plantation of Bristol's Hope was the second English colony in Newfoundland established by the Bristol Society of Merchant Venturers. It was a "sister" colony to Cuper's Cove, established in 1618 with a land grant from King James I of England, and was settled by some of the colonists from Cuper's Cove. Robert Hayman was the colony's only Proprietary Governor as this colony only existed until about 1631 before being abandoned. Although some accounts have the

title: History of the Puritans under King James I

text: Amsterdam and then in Leiden. In Leiden, the congregation gained the freedom to worship as they chose, but Dutch society was unfamiliar to them. And so they made preparations to settle a new colony in America. The first settlement of the Plymouth Colony was at New Plymouth, a location previously surveyed and named by Captain John Smith. The settlement served as the capital of the colony and developed as the modern town of Plymouth, Massachusetts. At its height, Plymouth Colony occupied most of the southeastern portion of the modern state of Massachusetts. It was one of the earliest successful colonies

title: Catholic Church in Canada

text: the Catholic Church. A letter of John Day states that Cabot landed on 24 June 1497 and "he landed at only one spot of the mainland, near the place where land was first sighted, and they disembarked there with a crucifix and raised banners with the arms of the Holy Father and those of the King of England". In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded the first Catholic colony in Quebec City. Missionary work among Indigenous peoples began in the early 1610s as a stipulated condition to the colonization projects of the King of France. Historian Robert Choquette credits secular priest

title: First Colony

text: First Colony First Colony is a master-planned community in Fort Bend County, Texas. The community, with approximately 50,000 residents, encompasses over 9,500 residential houses in 61 neighborhoods located in across southern parts of Sugar Land with few neighborhoods spanning into Missouri City. First Colony was developed by Sugarland Properties Inc.—a joint venture of Gerald D. Hines Interests and Stichting Shell Pension Fund. Hines' Sugarland group began development on First Colony in 1976. When First Colony was under development in 1977, very little development was in the area. Bill Schadewald said that he, as a rookie real estate reporter, received speculation

title: Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)

text: at Lincoln's Inn he had never practised law, but soon published a Rules of Court and a timetable of sittings. He held the post, under consecutive administrative regimes, until his death in 1894. Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866) The Colony of British Columbia was a crown colony in British North America from 1858 until 1866. It was founded by Richard Clement Moody, who became the first Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia from 1858 to 1863. At its creation, it physically constituted approximately half the present day Canadian province of British Columbia, since it did not include the Colony of Vancouver Island,

title: Sherbrooke

text: was a French Canadian named Jean-Baptiste Nolain, of whom few details are known, except that he arrived in 1779 to engage in agriculture. The first attempts at colonization occurred in 1792 on the banks of the St. Francis River. This settlement was known as Cowan's Clearance. In 1793, loyalist Gilbert Hyatt, a farmer from Schenectady, New York, established his farm not far from the confluence of the Massawippi River and Coaticook River, before the governor of Lower Canada officially awarded the land. Over the next two years, 18 families came to live on the site. The Crown acknowledged Hyatt's ownership

title: Canada (New France)

text: at Tadoussac in 1600, at the confluence of the Saguenay and Saint Lawrence rivers, it was under a trade monopoly and thus not constituted as an official French colonial settlement. As a result, the first official settlement was not established within Canada until the founding of Quebec by Samuel de Champlain in 1608. The other four colonies within New France were Hudson's Bay to the north, Acadia and Newfoundland to the east, and Louisiana far to the south. Canada, the most developed colony of New France, was divided into three districts, Québec, Trois-Rivières, and Montréal, each with its own government.

title: Santa Cruz de Nuca

text: Santa Cruz de Nuca Santa Cruz de Nuca (or Nuca), was a Spanish settlement and the first European colony in British Columbia. The settlement was founded in 1789 and abandoned in 1795, with its far northerly position making it the "high-water mark" of verified Northerly Spanish settlement along the North American West coast. The colony was first established with the Spanish aim of securing the entire West coast of the continent from Vancouver island southwards, for the Spanish crown. Due to the ongoing presence and activities of several British fur trading ships in the same region, and other related factors,

title: Jamestown, Virginia


question: when did sierra nevada brewery open in asheville

answers: early 2014

answers: January 2012

answers: 2014

title: Sierra Nevada Brewing Company

text: In January 2012, Sierra Nevada announced it would build a second brewing facility with an attached restaurant in Mills River, North Carolina. The LEED-Platinum-certified building opened in early 2014 on a forested tract adjacent to Asheville Regional Airport, re-using the cut-down trees as lumber both in the building and for the rainwater cisterns that flush the toilets.

title: Sierra Nevada Brewing Company

text: restaurants such as Berkeley's Chez Panisse, helped establish a market for Sierra Nevada's beer. By 1987, the brewery was distributing to seven states and production had reached per year, causing the company to pursue building a new brewery. In 1988, the brewery moved into a 100-barrel brewhouse, with four open fermenters, and eleven secondary fermenters. A year later, Grossman and Camusi added the Sierra Nevada Taproom and Restaurant, which serves lunch and dinner and includes a giftshop. In 2000, the brewery opened "The Big Room", a live-music venue located inside the brewery's facilities, featuring a variety of acts including country,

title: Green Man Brewery (Asheville)

text: out of state beer festivals, where their beers have earned acclaim and awards. The Forester Stout earned a silver medal and the Porter won a bronze at the World Beer Championship. Green Man Brewery (Asheville) Green Man Brewery is a craft beer brewery in Asheville, North Carolina. It is Asheville's second officially established brewery. Green Man Brewery was started in 1997 in the brew pub Jack of the Wood in downtown Asheville. Initially brewed in dairy tanks at the brewery's inception, the operations were relocated to a new brewery and connected taproom nicknamed "Dirty Jack's" in 2005, located in the

title: Green Man Brewery (Asheville)

text: Green Man Brewery (Asheville) Green Man Brewery is a craft beer brewery in Asheville, North Carolina. It is Asheville's second officially established brewery. Green Man Brewery was started in 1997 in the brew pub Jack of the Wood in downtown Asheville. Initially brewed in dairy tanks at the brewery's inception, the operations were relocated to a new brewery and connected taproom nicknamed "Dirty Jack's" in 2005, located in the South Slope area of Downtown Asheville, Buxton Avenue. Ownership switched from Joe Eckert to the current owner in 2010, while original brewer John Stuart continued to brew for Green Man after

title: Sierra Nevada Brewing Company

text: brewery in Chico, California. Along with the brewery's location, Grossman claims the company's name comes from his love of hiking in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada. With $50,000 in loans from friends and family, Grossman and Camusi rented a warehouse and pieced together discarded dairy equipment and scrapyard metal to create their brewing equipment. They later were able to acquire second-hand copper brewing kettles from Germany before moving to their larger, current brewing facility in 1989. The first batch brewed on premises was its Pale Ale, in November 1980. The following year, the brewery introduced Celebration, an IPA, which

title: Sierra Nevada Brewing Company

text: it continues to release as a winter seasonal. The company sold of beer in its first year, and double that amount in the second. The company's first employee was Steve Harrison, who was put in charge of marketing and sales. The head brewer is Steve Dresler, who has been with the brewery since 1983, when its output was 25 to 30 barrels per week. The company distributed the beer itself in the early 1980s, struggling with financial and marketing problems. A 1982 article in the "San Francisco Chronicle" highlighting the brewery, as well as having its beer sold in prominent

title: Sierra Nevada Brewing Company

text: Sierra Nevada Brewing Company Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. was established in 1979 by homebrewers Ken Grossman and Paul Camusi in Chico, California, United States. Sierra Nevada Brewing is one of the top breweries operating in the United States. As of 2016, it is the seventh-largest brewing company in the United States. The brewery produced in 2010. The brewery was named "Green Business of the Year" by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 2010 for its practices in sustainability. Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. was founded in 1979, with founders Ken Grossman and Paul Camusi expanding their homebrewing hobby into a

title: Elk Mountain Brewing Company

text: with their Ghost Town Brown. Elk Mountain, although new to the craft beer scene in Colorado, managed to win a Silver medal for their Ghost Town Brown in the first few months of being open. Elk Mountain Brewing Company Elk Mountain Brewing Company is a microbrewery based in Parker, Colorado. Elk Mountain Brewing, Inc. opened on July 1, 2010 in Parker, Colorado. Co-owner Tom Bell began homebrewing over 20 years ago with the dream of opening a brewery of his own one day. After an internship brewing for Tabernash Brewing Company in Longmont, Colorado, Tom began the process of opening

title: Carolina Brewery

text: North State Stout, Santa's Secret, Scotch Ale, To Hell n' Bock. Carolina Brewery Carolina Brewery is a beer brewery and restaurant/pub located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina with an additional location in Pittsboro, North Carolina. Carolina Brewery has drawn international attention for its handcrafted beers, all brewed in-house by Brewmaster Jon Connolly and his team. Founded in 1995, Carolina Brewery is the oldest brewery in the Triangle area. The restaurant serves contemporary American cuisine and features a seasonal menu which changes 4 times per year. Alter Ego Altbier, Anniversary Ale, California Steamin', Downtown Trolley Brown, Dunkelweizen, Franklin Street Lager, Funky

title: Elk Mountain Brewing Company

text: Elk Mountain Brewing Company Elk Mountain Brewing Company is a microbrewery based in Parker, Colorado. Elk Mountain Brewing, Inc. opened on July 1, 2010 in Parker, Colorado. Co-owner Tom Bell began homebrewing over 20 years ago with the dream of opening a brewery of his own one day. After an internship brewing for Tabernash Brewing Company in Longmont, Colorado, Tom began the process of opening his own brewery in his hometown of Parker, CO. After many months of construction, he opened his doors in July 2010. Elk Mountain won a Silver medal at the Colorado State Fair Craft Brewing Competition

title: Carolina Brewery

text: Carolina Brewery Carolina Brewery is a beer brewery and restaurant/pub located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina with an additional location in Pittsboro, North Carolina. Carolina Brewery has drawn international attention for its handcrafted beers, all brewed in-house by Brewmaster Jon Connolly and his team. Founded in 1995, Carolina Brewery is the oldest brewery in the Triangle area. The restaurant serves contemporary American cuisine and features a seasonal menu which changes 4 times per year. Alter Ego Altbier, Anniversary Ale, California Steamin', Downtown Trolley Brown, Dunkelweizen, Franklin Street Lager, Funky Monk Ale, Imperial Stout, Maibock, Oatmeal Porter, Oatmeal Stout, Oktoberfest, Old

title: Green Man Brewery (Asheville)

text: the change in owners. As the company's distribution footprint widened and popularity of Green Man's beers rose, the production abilities needed to be scaled up. An upgrade in 2006 saw production grow from 7bbl to 14bbl, and was later redoubled in 2012 to a 30 bbl brewhouse. In 2015, expansion continued with the addition of an 18,000 ft² bottling line, packaging, and shipping facility. In addition, there is also a 3,000 ft² beer garden in this new facility. The year-round flagship beers offered by Green Man are their ESB, IPA, and Porter. Green Man's flagship beers are their own take

title: Blue Mountain Brewery

text: is also the only Virginia brewery to hold back-to-back Gold medals at the 2010 and 2011 Great American Beer Festival. In 2012, a new sister brewery, Blue Mountain Barrel House, was opened by two of the founders of the original Blue Mountain Brewery. Blue Mountain Brewery The Blue Mountain Brewery in Afton, Virginia is a brewery which forms, along with Starr Hill Brewery, South Street Brewery, Wild Wolf Brewing Company and Devils Backbone Brewing Company, an integral part of the Brew Ridge Trail. Blue Mountain was the first brewery to open in Nelson County. They cultivate 1/3 acre of mainly

title: Sierra Nevada Brewing Company

text: Chico Estate Harvest Ale is brewed with organic wet hops and barley grown in land on the brewery's premises. Old Chico Crystal Wheat, a wheat beer, is named in memory of the Chico Brewery which operated in the town during the 19th century. Old Chico brand beers are only distributed in the northern California area around Chico. Sierra Nevada Brewing Company Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. was established in 1979 by homebrewers Ken Grossman and Paul Camusi in Chico, California, United States. Sierra Nevada Brewing is one of the top breweries operating in the United States. As of 2016, it is

title: Sierra Nevada Brewing Company

text: lack of preparation for the financial and mechanical realities of commercial brewing, which were a "much different process" from homebrewing. For its 30th anniversary in 2010, the company released a series of collaborative beers with the assistance of those Grossman considered an early influence on his brewing: Charlie Papazian, Fred Eckhardt, Fritz Maytag (Anchor) and Jack McAuliffe (New Albion). In November 2010, Stansbury Publishing released "Hops and Dreams: The Story of Sierra Nevada Brewing Co", written by California State University, Chico professor Rob Burton, who researched the company for three years. The company has claimed to be neutral on political

title: Blue Mountain Brewery

text: Blue Mountain Brewery The Blue Mountain Brewery in Afton, Virginia is a brewery which forms, along with Starr Hill Brewery, South Street Brewery, Wild Wolf Brewing Company and Devils Backbone Brewing Company, an integral part of the Brew Ridge Trail. Blue Mountain was the first brewery to open in Nelson County. They cultivate 1/3 acre of mainly Cascade-variety hops. One of their seasonal beers, Blue Reserve, took home the first-ever medal (Silver) for a beer hopped solely with Virginia hops at the world's largest beer competition, the Great American Beer Festival, in 2011 for the American-Belgo Ale category. Blue Mountain

title: Mt. Shasta Brewing Company

text: Brewing Company—and from Davis, California, where Dillmann bought a modern 15-barrel (465 gal, 1,755 L) PUB system. The first commercial keg beer was brewed by Mt. Shasta Brewing in 2003: Weed Golden Ale. In 2005, the first batch of bottled beer was produced. In 2007, the brewery's Shastafarian Porter placed first in the Porter category in Sacramento at the California Brewers Festival. The next year at the Festival, the brewery's Mountain High IPA scored top India Pale Ale honors (edging out Bear Republic's highly regarded Racer 5 IPA), and their sour cherry-infused summer seasonal brew, Mt. Shasta Kriek Ale, came

title: Ken Grossman

text: Ken Grossman Ken Grossman (born 11 November 1954) is an American billionaire businessman, founder of Sierra Nevada Brewing Company. Ken Grossman was born to a Jewish family in southern California on 11 November 1954. He studied at Butte College. In 1978, Grossman founded Sierra Nevada Brewing Company in Chico, California with Paul Camusi. In 1998, he bought out Camusi. Grossman and his wife Katie (née Gonser) have three children and live in Chico, California. His son Brian and daughter Sierra will run the company when he retires. His son Brian moved to North Carolina to manage the new Sierra Nevada

title: North Carolina

text: the recognition of being named 'Beer City USA.' Asheville boasts the largest breweries per capita of any city in the United States. Recognized and marketed brands of beer in North Carolina include Highland Brewing, Duck Rabbit Brewery, Mother Earth Brewery, Weeping Radish Brewery, Big Boss Brewing, Foothills Brewing, Carolina Brewing Company, Lonerider Brewing, and White Rabbit Brewing Company. North Carolina has large grazing areas for beef and dairy cattle. Truck farms can be found in North Carolina. A truck farm is a small farm where fruits and vegetables are grown to be sold at local markets. The state's shipping, commercial

title: Sierra Nevada Brewing Company

text: whose owners offered Grossman and Camusi early guidance in their venture, Sierra Nevada is considered one of the earliest and most influential breweries which spawned the craft beer movement of the 1980s-90s. Grossman has been dubbed a "pioneer" by fellow craft brewers in the United States. Whereas many of the newly spawned microbreweries of the 1980s went out of business, Sierra Nevada Brewing endured to become one of the largest independent brewers in the country, whose beers were noted for their "character and complexity". Grossman believed many microbrewers of the early 1980s had put out an inferior product due to

title: Double Mountain Brewery

text: Double Mountain Brewery Double Mountain Brewery & Taproom is a brewery and pub based in Hood River, Oregon, United States. The company was founded in 2007. Double Mountain's beers are distributed in the Pacific Northwest, the Los Angeles area, and New Jersey. In 2016, Double Mountain opened a second pub in the Woodstock neighborhood of southeast Portland, Oregon, marking the company's first expansion outside Hood River. Prior to opening, Double Mountain made exterior and interior improvements to the building, which included a kitchen remodel and dining area expansion. The satellite location does not have an on-site brewery. Unlike the Hood

title: Green Man Brewery (Asheville)

text: on traditional English styles, made with imported English malt; the beers are not pasteurized. Offered alongside the English styled flagship beers are a rotating line-up of seasonals, such as Rambler, Harvester, Leaf Blower, Wayfarer, and Forester. Special limited releases happen throughout the year, including beers from Green Man's Barrel program. The brewery has also had specialty programs such as a featured historical series that offered recipes from 1850-1915. Green Man's beers are distributed in North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and as of 2015, Florida, and most currently Georgia and Virginia. Green Man taprooms offer the brewery's flagship, seasonal, limited and

title: The Brewery (music venue)

text: The Brewery (music venue) The Brewery was a music venue located on Hillsborough Street in Raleigh, North Carolina. The Brewery was opened in 1983 by Kenny Hobby and later reopened in 2004 by Tom Taylor. The Brewery had long been a stop for up-and-coming touring acts as well as established acts with a somewhat diminished fan base. In 2011 The Brewery officially closed its doors after 28 years and the building was demolished. The Brewery played host to bands such as Jane's Addiction, Korn, Sheryl Crow, Hootie and the Blowfish, Butch Walker and Ryan Adams. In the 1980s The Brewery

title: Green Man Brewery (Asheville)

text: special releases, as well as one-off beers. Green Man hosts 2 separate tap rooms, Dirty Jack's and The Mansion. Dirty Jack's, located at 23 Buxton Avenue, is a dog friendly brewery with British pub stylings, including a long wooden bar, darts, and soccer matches playing on the televisions on the walls. The Mansion, located at 27 Buxton Avenue, is also dog friendly and offers 2 levels of seating with a merchandise shop and bar on the main floor, and a larger bar on the 3rd floor with a covered patio and multiple TVs. Green Man participates in local, regional, and

title: Starr Hill Brewery

text: from this agreement in 2011. Along with South Street Brewery, Blue Mountain Brewery, Wild Wolf Brewing Company and Devils Backbone Brewing Company, Starr Hill forms the Brew Ridge Trail. Starr Hill Brewery Starr Hill Brewery was founded in 1999 in the town of Charlottesville, Virginia, by Mark Thompson and Kristin Dolan. The brewery takes its name from the neighborhood where it was originally located. In 2005, the brewery moved to nearby Crozet, Virginia. Starr Hill's beers can be found throughout the mid-Atlantic and southeast United States. The brewery has won several awards for its beer, in particular the Dark Starr

title: Mammoth Brewing Company

text: Mammoth Brewing Company Mammoth Brewing Company is a Californian regional brewery founded in 1995 in Mammoth. Mammoth Brewing Company was founded in 1995, and is the highest elevation brewery on the West Coast of the United States at over 8,000 feet above sea level. Since 2007 it is owned by Sean and Joyce Turner. The brewery and tasting room are located at 18 Lake Mary Road, in Mammoth Lakes. They also had a tasting house, office and gift shop at 94 Bernert Street, Mammoth, although this was relocated in 2013. In early 2013 they produced 5,300 barrels per year; in

title: Sierra Nevada Brewing Company

text: ale. Previous Autumn seasonal Tumbler Brown Ale has been described as a full-bodied, malt-heavy brown ale and is sold for the autumn months. Previous Spring seasonal Ruthless Rye IPA is an IPA brewed with rye and whole-cone hops for the spring, while Summerfest is a pilsner brewed in the Czech tradition. Annual "Special Release" beers produced by Sierra Nevada include Bigfoot Barleywine Style Ale, Hemisphere Harvest Ales and Chico Harvest Estate Ale. Bigfoot is brewed with two types of malt and three differing hops, and tops out at 9.6%ABV. It is a barleywine, but due to alcohol laws in the

title: New Belgium Brewing Company

text: New Belgium Brewing Company New Belgium Brewing Company is a 100% employee-owned craft brewery located in Fort Collins, Colorado and Asheville is the maker of Fat Tire Amber Ale and many other craft beers. It was opened in 1991 by Jeff Lebesch and Kim Jordan. In 2016, it produced 957,968 barrels of its various labels. As of 2017, it was the fourth-largest craft brewery and eighth-largest overall brewery in the United States. Fat Tire, an Amber ale, is the company's flagship beer. The brewery is also one of the largest producers of wood-aged sour beer in the United States; its

title: Fort Collins Brewery

text: Fort Collins Brewery Fort Collins Brewery (abbreviated as FCB) was a craft beer brewery located in Fort Collins, Colorado. Fort Collins Brewery was founded on June 1, 1992 by Sandy Jones, Karen Jones. Originally named the H.C. Berger Brewing Company, Fort Collins Brewery had a capacity of 8,840 Barrels and Jesse Angell serving as the head brewer. The Joneses sold the business in 1996. It was seized from the new owners in 2002 for failure to pay taxes, and the Joneses took it back in August 2003. In 2004, Tom Peters and Jan Peters took over. In August 2010, the

title: Heady Topper

text: in Stowe, Vermont on June 30, 2016. The new, larger brewery and retail space opened the same day. John Kimmich came to Vermont in 1994 to learn the craft beer industry from Greg Noonan. He worked as head brewer at Vermont Pub and Brewery in Burlington, VT., where he met his future wife, Jen. Together they opened The Alchemist as a brew pub in Waterbury in November 2003, with "Heady Topper" an occasional offering. After customers began illegally taking Heady Topper offsite, Kimmich began bottling the ale. The Kimmichs started the production brewery in August 2011, and Hurricane Irene destroyed

title: Sierra Nevada Brewing Company

short_answers:
2014
January 2012
early 2014


question: who plays the mother of howard on big bang theory

answers: Carol Ann Susi

title: Carol Ann Susi

text: Carol Ann Susi (February 2, 1952 – November 11, 2014) was an American actress.  She was known for providing the voice of recurring unseen character Mrs. Wolowitz, mother of Howard Wolowitz, on the television series The Big Bang Theory.

title: Melissa Rauch

text: of Bernadette Rostenkowski, a co-worker of Penny who began to date Howard Wolowitz, in the third season of TV's "The Big Bang Theory". The following season her character became Howard's fiancée and Rauch was promoted to a series regular. The characters married in the season five finale. In December 2011, Rauch and fellow cast members of "The Big Bang Theory" received the first of four nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series. Other acting credits include "True Blood" (on which she had a recurring role in 2010 as Summer, a

title: The Big Bang Theory

text: progress to the boards ... . We worked hard to get all the science right." Several of the actors in "The Big Bang Theory" previously worked together on the sitcom "Roseanne", including Johnny Galecki, Sara Gilbert, Laurie Metcalf (who plays Sheldon's mother, Mary Cooper), and Meagen Fay (who plays Bernadette's mother). Additionally, Lorre was a writer on the series for several seasons. The Canadian alternative rock band Barenaked Ladies wrote and recorded the show's theme song, which describes the history and formation of the universe and the Earth. Co-lead singer Ed Robertson was asked by Lorre and Prady to write

title: Howard Wolowitz

text: of "The Big Bang Theory". Howard is an Aerospace Engineer at Caltech's Department of Applied Physics who is often seen at the apartment of Leonard Hofstadter (Johnny Galecki) and Sheldon Cooper (Jim Parsons). He is best friends with Rajesh Koothrappali (Kunal Nayyar). He was born in 1981 as specified in season one's episode "The Pancake Batter Anomaly" and is a native of Pasadena (although his mother has an East Coast accent). Howard received his degree in Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Howard sports a mod haircut and tends to wear loud 1960s-era outfits, such as a V-neck T-shirt

title: Courtney Henggeler

text: Several years later, she made a guest appearance in the medical drama "House". In 2008, Henggeler portrayed a guest role in the popular sitcom "The Big Bang Theory" as Missy Cooper, the twin sister of the show's main character Sheldon Cooper. After playing various guest roles in several movies and TV shows over the years and a recurring role on the CBS sitcom "Mom", Henggeler finally made her breakthrough in 2018 when she landed a starring role on "Cobra Kai" as Amanda LaRusso, the wife of the main protagonist of the show and the original "Karate Kid" Daniel LaRusso. Henggeler

title: Johnny Galecki

text: better suited for the role of Leonard Hofstadter, and Sheldon's role was eventually given to Jim Parsons. During his role as David Healy on Roseanne, Sara Gilbert played his longtime girlfriend and later wife, Darlene Conner. She has appeared as Leslie Winkle, a colleague in the Big Bang Theory. Laurie Metcalf, who portrayed Roseanne's sister Jackie Harris, has appeared as Mary Cooper, mother of Leonard's roommate, Sheldon. Galecki is a cellist, a talent which has been used on the show. As of August 2013, Galecki and his "Big Bang" costars Kaley Cuoco and Jim Parsons each earned US$325,000 per episode.

title: Chuck Lorre

text: plays both Marjorie from "Mom" and Abby (Dharma's mother) in "Dharma & Greg". Also, Allison Janney and Jaime Pressly from "Mom" appeared in episodes of "Two and a Half Men". In the season 6 "Big Bang Theory" episode "The Holographic Excitation", Sheldon and Amy are fighting over which couple to go as to a Halloween party. Among her suggestions seen on a whiteboard are "Blossom & Joey" (Blossom and Amy both being played by Mayim Bialik) and "Dharma & Greg". Katy Mixon, who plays Victoria on "Mike & Molly", also had a recurring role as the character, Betsy, on "Two

title: Mayim Bialik

text: by Clinton Kelly for a makeover on TLC's "What Not To Wear". She joined the cast of "The Big Bang Theory" as Dr. Amy Farrah Fowler. Her first appearance was in the season 3 finale as a potential love interest for the character of Sheldon Cooper (Jim Parsons). In Season 4, she began as a recurring character playing Sheldon's "friend that's a girl, but not a girlfriend." Beginning with Season 4, Episode 8, she became part of the main cast. Amy is a neurobiologist, which is a field related to Bialik's real-life academic career in neuroscience. Bialik's performance in "The

title: The Big Bang Theory (season 6)

text: space, June Thomas of "Slate" wrote that ""The Big Bang Theory"s creators deserve praise for their willingness to shake things up. After five incredibly successful seasons of nerdy laughs, it would’ve been easy to coast. Instead, they chose to press the reset button and disrupt the familiar friendships. Still, I hope things settle down soon, because so far this season, it’s all been a bit of a bummer". Oliver Sava of "The A.V. Club" criticized the character of Wolowitz's mother, writing that "Howard's mom has outlived her usefulness on this series, and rather than an obstacle for the character, she’s

title: Katey Sagal

text: Sagal had a cameo on "Glee" as Nancy Abrams, Artie Abrams' mother. She co-starred in "Pitch Perfect 2," released in 2015, as the mother of Hailee Steinfeld's character. She next appeared in the biography drama film "Bleed for This," as the mother of Vinny Pazienza. On September 9, 2014, Sagal received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame; most of the "Married ... with Children" cast – including Ed O'Neill, Christina Applegate, and David Faustino – were present to celebrate the actor's recognition. On September 20, 2016, Sagal appeared on "The Big Bang Theory" as Susan, the mother of

title: The Big Bang Theory (season 9)

text: as Penny's father Wyatt in episode 3. Sheldon's maternal grandmother Constance who he calls "Meemaw" made her first long-awaited appearance in episode 14 and was portrayed by June Squibb and Leonard's father Alfred also made his first long-awaited appearance in episode 24 and was played by Judd Hirsch. This was the first season to feature every main cast member of the show, including former main cast member Sara Gilbert, who made a guest appearance in the 200th episode. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> The ninth season received mixed reviews. John Doyle of "The Globe and Mail" criticized the humor, writing that "The show

title: The Big Bang Theory (season 5)

text: to Jon Cryer. Mayim Bialik (Amy Farrah Fowler) was nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for "The Shiny Trinket Maneuver", but lost out to Julie Bowen. Penny regrets her sleeping with Raj and has become very good friends with Leonard, Leonard breaks up with Priya, Amy pushes Sheldon in their relationship eventually becoming boyfriend and girlfriend, Penny and the other women become a clique of their own, Howard prepares for his wedding and going into space to the International Space Station and Leonard asks Penny out as they begin "Leonard and Penny 2.0". The fifth season was

title: Jane Kaczmarek

text: Emma. In 2016, she appeared as a psychiatrist on "The Big Bang Theory". On October 9, 2018, she guest starred on the series "This Is Us" as the mother of Rebecca's boyfriend. Kaczmarek married fellow Wisconsin native and actor Bradley Whitford ("The West Wing", "Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip") on August 15, 1992. They lived in Los Angeles with their three children: Frances Genevieve (b. October 1997), George Edward (b. December 23, 1999) and Mary Louisa (b. November 25, 2002). Both were very active with charity, and were seen attending many major award shows together. She is the founder

title: The Big Bang Theory

text: still cuts his meat for him, takes him to the dentist, does his laundry and "grounds" him when he returns home after briefly moving out. Until Howard's marriage to Bernadette in the fifth-season finale, Howard's former living situation led Leonard's psychiatrist mother to speculate that he may suffer from some type of pathology, and Sheldon to refer to their relationship as Oedipal. In season 8, Howard's mother dies in her sleep while in Florida, which devastates Howard and Stuart, who briefly lived with Mrs. Wolowitz. In the apartment building where Sheldon, Leonard and Penny (and later Amy) live, the elevator

title: Simon Helberg

text: Simon Helberg Simon Maxwell Helberg (born December 9, 1980) is an American actor, comedian, and musician. He is best known for his role as Howard Wolowitz in the sitcom "The Big Bang Theory" (2007–present), for which he won a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series, and as Cosmé McMoon in the film "Florence Foster Jenkins" (2016), which earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture. Helberg has appeared on the sketch comedy series "MADtv" and is also known for his role as Moist in Joss Whedon's web

title: Howard Wolowitz

text: Howard Wolowitz Howard Joel Wolowitz, M.Eng. is a fictional character on the CBS television series "The Big Bang Theory", portrayed by actor Simon Helberg. Among the main male characters in the show, Howard is distinctive for being an engineer rather than a physicist and lacking a doctoral degree. Howard is named after and based on a computer programmer known by the show's co-creator Bill Prady. Howard is the only starring character who has been to the International Space Station. Along with Sheldon Cooper, Leonard Hofstadter, and Raj Koothrappali, Howard is one of the only characters to appear in every episode

title: The Big Bang Theory (season 1)

text: main cast, Sheldon and Leonard, are named after actor, director, and producer Sheldon Leonard. Johnny Galecki and Sara Gilbert both selected the episode "The Hamburger Postulate" as a Primetime Emmy Award submission for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series, respectively, at the 60th Primetime Emmy Awards, but both ended up not receiving a nomination. Jim Parsons selected the episode "The Pancake Batter Anomaly" as a Primetime Emmy Award submission for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series at the 60th Primetime Emmy Awards, but ended up not receiving a nomination. The

title: The Big Bang Theory (season 3)

text: finale "The Lunar Excitation". Christine Baranski submitted the episode "The Maternal Congruence" for consideration due to her nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards. Jim Parsons won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards for the episode "The Pants Alternative". Penny throws herself at Leonard after he returns from three months at the North Pole, and they begin a relationship that lasts most of the season. Penny and Sheldon start a quirky friendship (though she can

title: The Big Bang Theory

text: lives across the hall; and Leonard and Sheldon's similarly geeky and socially awkward friends and co-workers, aerospace engineer Howard Wolowitz and astrophysicist Raj Koothrappali. Over time, supporting characters have been promoted to starring roles including: physicist Leslie Winkle, neuroscientist Amy Farrah Fowler, microbiologist Bernadette Rostenkowski, and Stuart Bloom, the cash-strapped owner of the comic book store the characters often visit. The show is filmed in front of a live audience and is produced by Warner Bros. Television and Chuck Lorre Productions. "The Big Bang Theory" received mixed reviews from critics throughout its first season, but reception was more favorable in

title: Chuck Lorre

text: Metcalf, who played Jackie in "Roseanne", plays Sheldon's mother Mary. Christine Baranski, an alumna of "Cybill", was cast as Leonard's mother Beverly. Also, on "The Big Bang Theory", Sheldon, Leonard, and Penny are seen watching "Oshikuru: Demon Samurai". "Oshikuru" was the show for which the character Charlie Harper wrote the theme song on "Two and a Half Men". Charlie Sheen made a cameo appearance in the "Big Bang Theory" episode "The Griffin Equivalency". Jon Cryer of "Two and a Half Men" appeared in one episode of "Dharma & Greg". Jenna Elfman, Susan Sullivan, and Joel Murray of "Dharma & Greg"

title: Howard Wolowitz

text: a double date with Raj and his girlfriend Emily (Laura Spencer). Howard instantly recognizes her and it is revealed that he and Emily went on a blind date and due to an upset stomach messed up Emily's bathroom and climbed out the bathroom window. Emily tells Howard she and her friends refer to him as "Clogzilla". Howard Wolowitz Howard Joel Wolowitz, M.Eng. is a fictional character on the CBS television series "The Big Bang Theory", portrayed by actor Simon Helberg. Among the main male characters in the show, Howard is distinctive for being an engineer rather than a physicist and

title: Sara Gilbert

text: by Johnny Galecki, who had previously played Gilbert's love interest David Healy on "Roseanne". In the second episode of the second season of "The Big Bang Theory", Gilbert was elevated to the show's main cast, portraying again a potential love interest of Galecki's character, and at one point a love interest to Howard Wolowitz (Simon Helberg). By January 2009, it was announced that the writers did not know how to write for her character full-time, and her status was reduced from regular to recurring. Winkle was discontinued after Amy Farrah Fowler and Bernadette Rostenkowski became prominent characters. Gilbert is a

title: Zoe Perry

text: younger version of Sheldon Cooper's mother Mary on "Young Sheldon", a spin-off of the CBS sitcom "The Big Bang Theory", again portraying a younger version of her mother's role. Despite her family link to the character, she received the role through an audition. Zoe Perry Zoe Perry (born September 26, 1984) is an American actress. She is best known for portraying young Mary Cooper in "Young Sheldon" and for recurring roles on "The Family" and "Scandal". Both of Perry's parents are actors, Laurie Metcalf and Jeff Perry. Her first television role was two appearances as the character Jackie Harris (as

title: The Big Bang Theory

text: is budding. When Bernadette takes an interest in Leonard's work, it makes both Penny and Howard envious and results in Howard confronting Leonard, and Penny asking Sheldon to teach her physics. Sheldon and Amy also briefly end their relationship after an argument over which of their fields is superior. David Saltzberg, who has a Ph.D. in physics, has served as the science consultant for the show for six seasons and attends every taping. While Saltzberg knows physics, he sometimes needs assistance from Mayim Bialik, who has a Ph.D. in neuroscience. Saltzberg sees early versions of scripts which need scientific information

title: Lance Barber

text: Mother", "Gilmore Girls", "Californication", "Monk", and "Grey's Anatomy". Barber played Jimmy Speckerman, who bullied Leonard Hofstadter at high school, in one episode of "The Big Bang Theory". He was cast as George Cooper Sr., father of Sheldon Cooper, in the spin-off "Young Sheldon" that premiered in 2017, and mentioned in an interview that some fans were confused by his different roles in the two related series. As of 2014, Barber was living in Los Angeles with his wife who is a chef, and their two children. Lance Barber Lance Barber (born June 29, 1973) is an American television actor. Barber

title: Crystal R. Fox

text: series regular role for the second season of HBO drama series "Big Little Lies" as Zoë Kravitz’s character mother Elizabeth Howard. Crystal R. Fox Crystal R. Fox (born October 14, 1965) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her roles as Luann Corbin in the NBC/CBS police drama series "In the Heat of the Night" (1989-1995), and as Hanna Young in the Oprah Winfrey Network prime time soap opera, "The Haves and the Have Nots" (2013–present). Fox was born in Tryon, North Carolina. She made her big screen debut playing Katie Bell in the Academy Award-winning

title: Kate Micucci

text: series, "Easy" along with Orlando Bloom and Malin Akerman. Micucci married musician and recording producer Jake Sinclair in February 2018. They live in Los Angeles and New York. On December 30, 2009, G4TV named Micucci the #1 Woman of Comedy. Kate Micucci Kate Micucci ( ; born March 31, 1980) is an American actress, voice actress, comedian, singer, songwriter and artist that is one half of the musical comedy duo "Garfunkel and Oates". Some of her well known roles include Stephanie Gooch in "Scrubs", Shelley in "Raising Hope", Lucy in "The Big Bang Theory", Sadie in "Steven Universe", Sara Murphy

title: Mayim Bialik

text: Big Bang Theory" earned her Emmy Award nominations in 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. Bialik was one of seven actresses who had a "quirky" personality to audition for the role. Prior to her joining the cast, in the episode "The Bat Jar Conjecture", Raj suggests recruiting the real-life Bialik to their Physics Bowl team, saying "You know who's apparently very smart is the girl who played TV's "Blossom". She got a Ph.D. in neuroscience or something." She is cast as one of the guest stars on the Steve Carell 2014 improvisational sketch

title: The Big Bang Theory (season 4)

text: for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series at the 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards for the episode "The Agreement Dissection". Penny dates a couple of guys including the dense Zack who likes the "science dudes", Sheldon begins a platonic relationship with Amy, Howard reconnects with Bernadette eventually asking her to marry him, Leonard begins to date Raj's sister Priya, Penny becomes friends with Amy and expresses regret at breaking up with Leonard. During the season, actress Kaley Cuoco was absent from two episodes after she fell off a horse and the horse accidentally crushed her leg. When she returned to

title: Christine Baranski

text: Christine Baranski Christine Jane Baranski (born May 2, 1952) is an American actress, singer, and producer. She is a 15-time Emmy Award nominee, winning once in 1995 for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for her role as Maryanne Thorpe in the sitcom "Cybill" (1995–98). Baranski has received further critical acclaim for her performance as Diane Lockhart in the legal drama series "The Good Wife" (2009–2016) and its spinoff series "The Good Fight" (2017–present), as well as her recurring role as Dr. Beverly Hofstadter in the sitcom "The Big Bang Theory" (2009–present) for which she has received two Emmy

title: Carol Ann Susi


question: when did the bill of rights come out

answers: 1689

answers: 16 December 1689

title: Bill of Rights 1689

title: United States Bill of Rights

text: declare principles that stand above every earthly power—the equality of each person before God, and the responsibility of government to secure the rights of all." In 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared December 15 to be Bill of Rights Day, commemorating the 150th anniversary of the ratification of the Bill of Rights. In 1991, the Virginia copy of the Bill of Rights toured the country in honor of its bicentennial, visiting the capitals of all fifty states. United States Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights in the United States is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.

title: United States Bill of Rights

text: to the preamble. On September 21, 1789, a House–Senate Conference Committee convened to resolve the numerous differences between the two Bill of Rights proposals. On September 24, 1789, the committee issued this report, which finalized 12 Constitutional Amendments for House and Senate to consider. This final version was approved by joint resolution of Congress on September 25, 1789, to be forwarded to the states on September 28. By the time the debates and legislative maneuvering that went into crafting the Bill of Rights amendments was done, many personal opinions had shifted. A number of Federalists came out in support, thus

title: United States Bill of Rights

text: are built upon those found in several earlier documents, including the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the English Bill of Rights, along with earlier documents such as Magna Carta (1215). In practice, the amendments had little impact on judgments by the courts for the first 150 years after ratification. On June 8, 1789, Representative James Madison introduced nine amendments to the Constitution in the House of Representatives. Madison proposed inserting specific rights limiting the power of Congress in Article One, Section 9. Seven of these limitations would become part of the ten ratified Bill of Rights amendments. Ultimately, on September

title: Federalist No. 84

text: Congress and a Bill of Rights was ratified on December 15, 1791. Federalist No. 84 is notable for presenting the idea that a Bill of Rights was not a necessary component of the proposed United States Constitution. The Constitution, as originally written, did not specifically enumerate or protect the rights of the people. It is alleged that many Americans at the time opposed the inclusion of a bill of rights: if such a bill were created, they feared, this might later be interpreted as a list of the "only" rights that people had. Hamilton wrote: Hamilton continued in this essay

title: United States Bill of Rights

text: copies of the Bill of Rights made, one for Congress and one for each of the original thirteen states. The copies for Georgia, Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania went missing. The New York copy is thought to have been destroyed in a fire. Two unidentified copies of the missing four (thought to be the Georgia and Maryland copies) survive; one is in the National Archives, and the other is in the New York Public Library. North Carolina's copy was stolen from the State Capitol by a Union soldier following the Civil War. In an FBI sting operation, it was recovered

title: History of the United States

text: of southern representatives in Congress, especially as slavery was extended into the Deep South through removal of Native Americans and transportation of slaves by an extensive domestic trade. To assuage the Anti-Federalists who feared a too-powerful national government, the nation adopted the United States Bill of Rights in 1791. Comprising the first ten amendments of the Constitution, it guaranteed individual liberties such as freedom of speech and religious practice, jury trials, and stated that citizens and states had reserved rights (which were not specified). George Washington – a renowned hero of the American Revolutionary War, commander-in-chief of the Continental Army,

title: Bill of rights

text: French Revolution. After the Constitution of the United States was adopted in 1789, the United States Bill of Rights was ratified in 1791. The 20th century saw different groups draw on these earlier documents for influence when drafting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the European Convention on Human Rights and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. The constitution of the United Kingdom remains uncodified, however the Human Rights Act 1998 incorporates the rights contained in the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law. Australia is the only common law country with neither a constitutional

title: United States Bill of Rights

text: United States Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights in the United States is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the often bitter 1787–88 debate over ratification of the U.S. Constitution, and written to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people. The concepts codified in these amendments

title: Bill of Rights 1689

text: Style calendar in use at the time, 13 February 1688. Under the Short Titles Act 1896, the Bill was given the official short title of "The Bill of Rights", without a calendar year suffix. The Bill of Rights was later supplemented by the Act of Settlement 1701 (which was agreed to by the Parliament of Scotland as part of the Treaty of Union). The Act of Settlement altered the line of succession to the throne laid out in the Bill of Rights. However, both the Bill of Rights and the Claim of Right contributed a great deal to the establishment

title: Incorporation of the Bill of Rights

text: Incorporation of the Bill of Rights Incorporation, in United States law, is the doctrine by which portions of the Bill of Rights have been made applicable to the states. When the Bill of Rights was ratified, courts held that its protections only extended to the actions of the federal government and that the Bill of Rights did not place limitations on the authority of state and local governments. However, the post-Civil War era, beginning in 1865 with the Thirteenth Amendment, which declared the abolition of slavery, gave rise to the incorporation of other Amendments, providing more rights to the states

title: United States Bill of Rights

text: Americans promptly forgot about the first ten amendments to the Constitution." The Court made no important decisions protecting free speech rights, for example, until 1931. Historian Richard Labunski attributes the Bill's long legal dormancy to three factors: first, it took time for a "culture of tolerance" to develop that would support the Bill's provisions with judicial and popular will; second, the Supreme Court spent much of the 19th century focused on issues relating to intergovernmental balances of power; and third, the Bill initially only applied to the federal government, a restriction affirmed by "Barron v. Baltimore" (1833). In the twentieth

title: United States Bill of Rights

text: of Congress on May 20, 1992. Three states did not complete action on the twelve articles of amendment when they were initially put before the states. Georgia found a Bill of Rights unnecessary and so refused to ratify. Both chambers of the Massachusetts General Court ratified a number of the amendments (the Senate adopted 10 of 12 and the House 9 of 12), but failed to reconcile their two lists or to send official notice to the Secretary of State of the ones they did agree upon. Both houses of the Connecticut General Assembly voted to ratify Articles Three through

title: Earl Warren

text: Warren Court handed down a series of momentous rulings in the 1960s. The 1960s marked a major shift in constitutional interpretation as the Warren Court continued the process of the Incorporation of the Bill of Rights, whereby the provisions of the first ten amendments to the constitution were applied to the states. Warren saw the Bill of Rights as a codification of "the natural rights of man" against the government, and he believed that incorporation would bring the law "into harmony with moral principles." By the time Warren took office, most of the provisions of the First Amendment already applied

title: Hugo Black

text: on the Bill of Rights in his opinion in the 1947 case, "Adamson v. California", which he saw as his "most significant opinion written:" I cannot consider the Bill of Rights to be an outworn 18th century 'strait jacket' ... Its provisions may be thought outdated abstractions by some. And it is true that they were designed to meet ancient evils. But they are the same kind of human evils that have emerged from century to century wherever excessive power is sought by the few at the expense of the many. In my judgment the people of no nation can

title: United States Bill of Rights

text: Twelve but failed to reconcile their bills after disagreeing over whether to ratify Articles One and Two. All three later ratified the Constitutional amendments originally known as Articles Three through Twelve as part of the 1939 commemoration of the Bill of Rights' sesquicentennial: Massachusetts on March 2, Georgia on March 18, and Connecticut on April 19. Connecticut and Georgia would also later ratify Article Two, on May 13, 1987 and February 2, 1988 respectively. The Bill of Rights had little judicial impact for the first 150 years of its existence; in the words of Gordon S. Wood, "After ratification, most

title: Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

text: 1982, along with the rest of the Act. The Charter was preceded by the Canadian Bill of Rights, which was enacted in 1960. However, the Bill of Rights is only a federal statute, rather than a constitutional document. As a federal statute, it can be amended through the ordinary legislative process and has no application to provincial laws. The Supreme Court of Canada also narrowly interpreted the Bill of Rights and the Court was reluctant to declare laws inoperative. The relative ineffectiveness of the Canadian Bill of Rights motivated many to improve rights protections in Canada. The movement for human

title: John Marshall Harlan (born 1899)

text: Bill of Rights applicable to the states. His opinion on the matter was opposite to that of his grandfather, who supported the full incorporation of the Bill of Rights. When it was originally ratified, the Bill of Rights was binding only upon the federal government, as the Supreme Court ruled in the 1833 case "Barron v. Baltimore". Some jurists argued that the Fourteenth Amendment made the entirety of the Bill of Rights binding upon the states as well. Harlan, however, rejected this doctrine, which he called "historically unfounded" in his "Griswold" concurrence. Instead, Justice Harlan believed that the Fourteenth Amendment's

title: James Madison

text: ratified as additions to the Constitution on December 15, 1791, were renumbered one through ten, and became the Bill of Rights. Proposed Article Two became part of the Constitution in 1992 as the Twenty-seventh Amendment, while proposed Article One is technically still pending before the states. Madison was disappointed that the Bill of Rights did not include protections against actions by state governments, but passage of the document mollified some critics of the original constitution and shored up Madison's support in Virginia. In proposing the Bill of Rights, Madison considered over two hundred amendments that had been proposed at the

title: Canadian Bill of Rights

text: decisions today. Canadian Bill of Rights The Canadian Bill of Rights () is a federal statute and bill of rights enacted by Parliament of Canada on August 10, 1960. It provides Canadians with certain quasi-constitutional rights at Canadian federal law in relation to other federal statutes. It was the earliest expression of human rights law at the federal level in Canada, though an Implied Bill of Rights had already been recognized in the Canadian Common Law. The Canadian Bill of Rights remains in effect but is widely acknowledged to be limited in its effectiveness because it is federal statute only,

title: Incorporation of the Bill of Rights

text: in the "West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette" (1943) case that the founders intended the Bill of Rights to put some rights out of reach from majorities, ensuring that some liberties would endure beyond political majorities. As the Court noted the idea of the Bill of Rights "was to withdraw certain subjects from the vicissitudes of political controversy, to place them beyond the reach of majorities and officials and to establish them as legal principles to be applied by the courts." This is why "fundamental rights may not be submitted to a vote; they depend on the outcome

title: History of Virginia on stamps

text: for ratification; he is known as the "Father of the Bill of Rights". The Bill of Rights (1791) 175th anniversary was celebrated on July 1, 1966 with a 5-cent stamp. The shield-shaped design shows two hands in conflict. The right gauntleted fist suggest the "knock on the door at night" of tyranny. The left held up in opposition symbolizes the guarantees of individual freedoms in the Bill of Rights. The designer was Pulitzer prize winner Herbert L. Block, better known as the Washington Post's cartoonist "Herblock". The stamp was printed on the Giori press with an initial issue of 115

title: History of the United States Constitution

text: by Congress were allayed by amendments passed under the floor leadership of James Madison during the first session of Congress. These first ten Amendments became known as the Bill of Rights. Objections to a potentially remote federal judiciary were reconciled with 13 federal courts (11 states, plus Maine and Kentucky), and three federal riding circuits out of the Supreme Court: Eastern, Middle and South. Suspicion of a powerful federal executive was answered by Washington's cabinet appointments of once-Anti-Federalists Edmund Jennings Randolph as Attorney General and Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State. What Constitutional historian Pauline Maier termed a national "dialogue

title: Anti-Federalism

text: and New York, included similar language in their ratification instruments. As a result, once the Constitution became operative in 1789, Congress sent a set of twelve amendments to the states. Ten of these amendments were immediately ratified and became known as the Bill of Rights, with one of the other two becoming the 27th Amendment—almost 200 years later. Thus, while the Anti-Federalists were unsuccessful in their quest to prevent the adoption of the Constitution, their efforts were not totally in vain. The Anti-Federalists thus became recognized as an influential group among the founding fathers of the United States. With the

title: Fundamental rights

text: According to the Supreme Court, enumerated rights that are incorporated are so fundamental that any law restricting such a right must both serve a compelling state purpose and be narrowly tailored to that compelling purpose. The original interpretation of the United States Bill of Rights was that only the Federal Government was bound by it. In 1835, the U.S. Supreme Court in "Barron v Baltimore" unanimously ruled that the Bill of Rights did not apply to the states. During post-Civil War Reconstruction, the 14th Amendment was adopted in 1868 to rectify this condition, and to specifically apply the whole of

title: United States Bill of Rights

text: would it replace the existing government under the Articles of Confederation and would apply only to those states that ratified it. Following contentious battles in several states, the proposed Constitution reached that nine-state ratification plateau in June 1788. On September 13, 1788, the Articles of Confederation Congress certified that the new Constitution had been ratified by more than enough states for the new system to be implemented and directed the new government to meet in New York City on the first Wednesday in March the following year. On March 4, 1789, the new frame of government came into force with

title: Canadian Bill of Rights

text: Canadian Bill of Rights The Canadian Bill of Rights () is a federal statute and bill of rights enacted by Parliament of Canada on August 10, 1960. It provides Canadians with certain quasi-constitutional rights at Canadian federal law in relation to other federal statutes. It was the earliest expression of human rights law at the federal level in Canada, though an Implied Bill of Rights had already been recognized in the Canadian Common Law. The Canadian Bill of Rights remains in effect but is widely acknowledged to be limited in its effectiveness because it is federal statute only, and so

title: Constitutional right

text: in the world. Only on December 15, 1791 the Bill of Rights comprising the first 10 Amendments became part of the U.S. Constitution. Later on, other 17 Amendments were added. Thus, the U.S Constitution is summing a total of 27 Amendments and 7 Articles. During all this time, only one amendment overturned a previous one, more precisely the twenty-first Amendment ratified on December 5, 1933 repealed the prohibition of alcohol established by the eighteenth Amendment on January 16, 1919. The provisions providing for rights under the Bill of Rights were originally binding upon only the federal government. In time, most

title: Incorporation of the Bill of Rights

text: and Second Amendment did not apply to state governments. However, beginning in the 1920s, a series of United States Supreme Court decisions interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment to "incorporate" most portions of the Bill of Rights, making these portions, for the first time, enforceable against the state governments. The United States Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the oftentimes bitter 1787–88 battle over ratification of the United States Constitution, and crafted to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms

title: We Hold These Truths

text: We Hold These Truths We Hold These Truths, a celebration of the 150th anniversary of the United States Bill of Rights, is an hour-long radio program that explored American values and aired live on December 15, 1941, the first to be broadcast on all four major networks (CBS, NBC Red, NBC Blue, and Mutual). It was written and produced by Norman Corwin, who won a Peabody Award for the show, which commemorated the ratification of Bill of Rights on December 15, 1791. The attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 — a week before the scheduled broadcast — may

title: Bill of Rights 1689

long_answer: The Bill of Rights, also known as the English Bill of Rights, is an Act of the Parliament of England that deals with constitutional matters and sets out certain basic civil rights. It received the Royal Assent on 16 December 1689 and is a restatement in statutory form of the Declaration of Right presented by the Convention Parliament to William III and Mary II in February 1689, inviting them to become joint sovereigns of England. The Bill of Rights lays down limits on the powers of the monarch and sets out the rights of Parliament, including the requirement for regular parliaments, free elections, and freedom of speech in Parliament. It sets out certain rights of individuals including the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment and reestablished Protestants to have arms for their defence within the rule of law. Furthermore, the Bill of Rights described and condemned several misdeeds of James II of England.


question: when do you celebrate birthday if born on feb 29

answers: February 29

answers: February 28

answers: March 1

title: February 29

text: A person born on February 29 may be called a "leapling", a "leaper", or a "leap-year baby". In non-leap years, some leaplings celebrate their birthday on either February 28 or March 1, while others only observe birthdays on the authentic intercalary date, February 29.

title: February 29

text: person born on 29 February has their birthday, although case law would suggest that age is computed based on the number of years elapsed, from the day after the date of birth, and that the person's birth day then occurs on the last day of the year period. This differs from English common law where a birthday is considered to be the start of the next year, the preceding year ending at midnight on the day preceding the birthday. While a person attains the same age on the same day, it also means that, in New Zealand, if something must

title: Birthday

text: birth day (e.g., when someone born on the 25th of the month turns 25 or when someone born on the ninth turns nine). An individual's Beddian birthday, named in tribute to firefighter Bobby Beddia, occurs during the year that his or her age matches the last two digits of the year he or she was born. In many cultures and jurisdictions, if a person's real birthday is not known (for example, if he or she is an orphan), then their birthday may be adopted or assigned to a specific day of the year, such as January 1. The birthday of

title: Birthday

text: Public Health, positive and negative associations with culturally significant dates may influence birth rates. The study shows a 5.3% decrease in spontaneous births and a 16.9% decrease in Caesarean births on Halloween, compared to dates occurring within one week before and one week after the October holiday. In contrast, on Valentine's Day there is a 3.6% increase in spontaneous births and a 12.1% increase in Caesarean births. In the Gregorian calendar (a common solar calendar), February in a leap year has 29 days instead of the usual 28, so the year lasts 366 days instead of the usual 365. A

title: Birthday-number effect

text: whose names contain numbers that match the numbers in their birthday. They looked at people who were born on 2 February, 3 March, 4 April, etc. up to 8 August, and at people who lived in towns with numbers in them, such as Two Rivers, Three Oaks, Four Corners, etc. But in his critical analysis of this study Simonsohn argued that its reliability is questionable, as it found only a small number of residents with matching numbers. Simonsohn tried to replicate the finding in different ways but without success. He found no effect of just the day of birthday on

title: Birthday

text: Buddha's birth, usually in a highly formal, ritualized manner. They treat Buddha's statue as if it was Buddha himself, as if he were alive; bathing, and "feeding" him. Sikhs celebrate the anniversary of the birth of Guru Nanak. In North Korea, people do not celebrate birthdays on July 8 and December 17 because these were the dates of the deaths of Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il, respectively. More than 100,000 North Koreans celebrate displaced birthdays on July 9 or December 18 to avoid these dates. A person born on July 8 before 1994 may change their birthday, with official recognition.

title: Birthday

text: of their birth, but on which celebrations are held. Examples are: According to a public database of births, birthdays in the United States are quite evenly distributed for the most part, but there tend to be more births in September and October. This may be because there is a holiday season nine months before (the human gestation period is about nine months), or because the longest nights of the year also occur in the Northern Hemisphere nine months before. However, it appears the holidays have more of an effect on birth rates than the winter: New Zealand, a Southern Hemisphere

title: Birthday

text: Islam. Hindus celebrate the birth anniversary day every year when the day that corresponds to lunar month or solar month (Sun Signs Nirayana System – Sourava Mana Masa) of birth and has the same asterism (Star/Nakshatra) as that of the date of birth. That age is reckoned whenever Janma Nakshatra of the same month passes. Hindus regard death to be more auspicious than birth since the person is liberated from the bondages of material society. Also, traditionally, rituals & prayers for the departed are observed on 5th and 11th day with many relatives gathering. Many monasteries celebrate the anniversary of

title: Birthday effect

text: been suggested that, like the 24-hour circadian rhythm, the body also has a yearly "circannual" biological rhythm. Vaiserman et al. have suggested that the climatic conditions at birth act as a zeitgeber that triggers internal stress and increases the chance of death. It is possible when processing death certificates to confuse the date of birth and date of death fields, which would increase the apparent number of certificates in which these coincide. Additionally, where the exact date is not known, the 1st and 15th of the month are often used as placeholders. These will cause an excess of births and

title: Roba Stanley

text: called the latter to avoid child labor laws. Another says that research revealed her to be born in 1910; however the research itself was not identified. Census records indicate that she would have been 16 at the time she recorded in 1924. From the census, we know she was born between January 17 and April 28 of 1908. That would make her 16 in the July 1924 recording session. Additionally, her family listed her birth date as February 11, 1908, which supports the census data. Roba was listed as being two years old in the April 25, 1910 U.S. Census

title: Birthday

text: Jesus is celebrated at Christmas. Racehorses are reckoned to become one year old in the year following their birth on the first of January in the Northern Hemisphere and the first of August in the Southern Hemisphere. In many parts of the world an individual's birthday is celebrated by a party where a specially made cake, usually decorated with lettering and the person's age, is presented. The cake is traditionally studded with the same number of lit candles as the age of the individual, or a number candle representing their age. The celebrated individual will usually make a silent wish

title: Happy Birthday to You

text: is normally repeated three times. In Canada, especially at young children's birthdays, immediately after "Happy Birthday" has been sung, the singers segue into "How old are you now? How old are you now? How old are you now-ow, how old are you now?" and then count up: "Are you one? Are you two? Are you ..." until they reach the right age, at which the celebrant says "yes", and everybody else, who presumably know the right number, all cheer. Both the music and lyrics are in public domain in both the European Union and United States. The copyright expired in

title: Happy Birthday (2002 film)

text: Happy Birthday (2002 film) Happy Birthday is an American 2002 film directed by Yen Tan and starring Benjamin Patrick, Michelle E. Michael and John Frazier. It is Tan's debut long feature film. The film recounts two days in the lives of five very different characters all born on June 12, that are faced with problems as their birthday approaches: Jim (Benjamin Patrick), a gay, overweight telemarketer working for a weight loss program is facing self-esteem issues; Ron (John Frazier), a church minister, preaches about conversion but himself is addicted to watching gay porn; Javed (Devashish Saxena), a Pakistani who lives

title: Washington's Birthday

text: birthdays recognized under what their birthday would have been under the Gregorian calendar ("New Style" dates). Since, during the 1700s, February 11 under the Julian calendar would fall as February 22 on the Gregorian, Washington's birthday has been generally recognized as February 22, 1732. The federal holiday honoring Washington was originally implemented by an Act of Congress in 1879 for government offices in Washington () and expanded in 1885 to include all federal offices (). As the first federal holiday to honor an American president, the holiday was celebrated on Washington's birthday under the Gregorian calendar, February 22. On January

title: Washington's Birthday

text: Washington's Birthday Washington's Birthday is a United States federal holiday celebrated on the third Monday of February in honor of George Washington, the first President of the United States, who was born on February 22, 1732. Since the Uniform Federal Holidays Act of 1971, its observance can occur between February 15 and February 21 inclusive. Colloquially, the day is also now widely known as Presidents' Day and is often an occasion to honor the incumbent president and all persons who have served as president, not just George Washington. The day is a state holiday in most states, with official names

title: Birth Day

text: early 1973. The second single, "Until It's Time for You to Go", reached number twenty one on the R&B chart. Birth Day Birth Day is the fourth album by American funk and R&B collective New Birth, released in North America by RCA on December 12, 1972. The album again oversaw production by Harvey Fuqua and his uncredited assistant Vernon Bullock, and was the album that put the group on the map. Consisting of the instrumental group The Nite-Liters, vocalists Love, Peace & Happiness (Ann Bogan, Leslie and Melvin Wilson), Londee Loren (Wiggins), Bobby Downs and Allen Frey, this would be

title: Hebrew birthday

text: Hebrew birthday A Hebrew birthday (also known as a Jewish birthday) is the date on which a person is born according to the Hebrew calendar. This is important for Jewish people, particularly when calculating the correct date for day of birth, day of death, a bar mitzva or a bat mitzva. This is because the Jewish calendar differs from the secular and Christian Gregorian calendar as well as from the Islamic calendar, in most years the two birthdays do not coincide - typically, they coincide just once in 19 years. Especially among Hasidic Jews, there is a custom that a

title: Birthday

text: he is bound to serve the pirates until his 21st "birthday" rather than until his 21st "year." For legal purposes, legal birthdays depend on how local laws count time intervals. According to Herodotus (5th century BC), of all the days in the year, the one which the Persians celebrate most is their birthday. It was customary to have the board furnished on that day with an ampler supply than common: the richer people eat wholly baked cow, horse, camel, or donkey, while the poorer classes use instead the smaller kinds of cattle. The Romans enthusiastically celebrated birthdays with hedonistic parties

title: Adar

text: a leap year. However, someone born during either Adar in a leap year will celebrate his birthday during Adar in a non-leap year, except that someone born on 30 Adar I will celebrate his birthday on 1 Nisan in a non-leap year because Adar in a non-leap year has only 29 days. During the Second Temple period, there was a Jewish custom to make a public proclamation on the first day of the lunar month Adar, reminding the people that they are to prepare their annual monetary offering to the Temple treasury, known as the half-Shekel. 13 Adar (II in

title: Happy Birthday (play)

text: Happy Birthday (play) Happy Birthday is a play written by Anita Loos. It opened on Broadway at the Broadhurst Theatre on October 31, 1946 and closed on March 13, 1948, after 564 performances. It starred Helen Hayes, for whom it was written. The story involves Addie, a mousy librarian who becomes enamoured of a handsome bank clerk, and her attempts to win him over. It was directed by Joshua Logan and featured a song written for the show, "I Haven't Got a Worry in the World", with music by Richard Rodgers and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II and James Livingston.

title: Birthday

text: Kim Il-sung's birthday, Day of the Sun, is the most important public holiday of the country, and Kim Jong-il's birthday is celebrated as Day of the Shining Star. Birthday A birthday is the anniversary of the birth of a person, or figuratively of an institution. Birthdays of people are celebrated in numerous cultures, often with birthday gifts, birthday cards, a birthday party, or a rite of passage. Many religions celebrate the birth of their founders or religious figures with special holidays (e.g. Christmas, Mawlid, Buddha's Birthday, and Krishna Janmashtami). There is a distinction between birth"day" and birth"date": The former, other

title: Queen's Official Birthday

text: 1901 (at which time the Monday before 25 May became known by law as "Victoria Day"), the official date in Canada of the reigning monarch's birthday changed through various royal proclamations: for Edward VII it continued by yearly proclamation to be observed on 24 May, but was 3 June for George V and 23 June for Edward VIII (their actual birthdays). Edward VIII abdicated on 11 December 1936, three days before the birthday of his brother and successor, George VI. The new King expressed to his ministers his wish that his birthday not be publicly celebrated, in light of the

title: Birthday customs and celebrations

text: bar (some of them offer special birthday programs), arranging parties at home, or at work. In South Africa, however, birthdays are highly celebrated. In a given town or township, everyone is invited, including the older family members; it does not matter how young or old the person is. These celebrations are noted by big white tents being erected in the yards, which symbolize a huge celebration of some sort. Birthday presents range from gifts such as toys to animal sacrifices. In most English-speaking countries it is traditional to sing the song "Happy Birthday to You" to the honored person celebrating

title: Half-birthday

text: Half-birthday A half-birthday is a day approximately six months before or after the anniversary of a person's birth. It is sometimes marked by people whose birthday falls near major holidays, the celebration of which may overshadow celebration of the birthday. It may also be marked by students whose birthday does not occur during the regular school year; a half-birthday allows a celebration with friends at school, with half a cake. There are two ways to calculate half-birthdays. The easier but potentially less precise method is to take the number of the date of the birthday and advance the month by

title: Childbirth

text: the late night or very early morning and recent (2018) research has found this to be correct in the U.S., but only for babies born at home or on Saturday or Sunday. All other births are most likely to occur between 8 a.m. and noon, a reflection of the fact that planned C-sections are generally scheduled for 8 a.m. Likewise, births from induced deliveries rose during the morning hours and peaked at 3 p.m. The most likely day of the week for a baby's birthday in the U.S. is Monday, followed by Tuesday, likely related to scheduled deliveries as well.

title: Birthday-number effect

text: showed that participants liked the year of their birth much more than the average of the four years after they were born. The researchers also found that the year of high school graduation was also liked better than average. Of the months of the year, the most liked month was the one in which the participants were born. Falk, Heine, Takemura, Zhang and Hsu investigated the validity of implicit self-esteem measures to assess cultural differences. They subjected Canadian and Japanese participants to a series of tests, one of which was rating the numbers to 40 by how much participants liked

title: Birthday-number effect

text: that matched both part of the participant's name and his or her birthday. For example, a participant named Mariëlle, born on 14 May, would get an ad for a DVD-player named "DVD-Ma 14" in the self-relevant condition and "DVD-Pu 30" in the control condition. He found that high self-esteem participants liked products more if the product names were self-relevant than if they were not. He also found the opposite happened among low self-esteem participants: they liked products better if they were not self-relevant. Birthday-number effect The birthday-number effect is the subconscious tendency of people to prefer the numbers in the

title: Doris Day

text: reportedly believed she had been born in 1924 and reported her age accordingly; it was not until her 95th birthday—when the Associated Press found her birth certificate, showing a 1922 date of birth—that she learned otherwise. The youngest of three siblings, she had two older brothers: Richard (who died before her birth) and Paul, two to three years older. Due to her father's alleged infidelity, her parents separated. She developed an early interest in dance, and in the mid-1930s formed a dance duo with Jerry Doherty that performed locally in Cincinnati. A car accident on October 13, 1937, injured her

title: Half-birthday

text: six, e.g. December 5 becomes June 5. Because not all months have the same number of days, this does not always work – for example, six months after an August 30 birthday would be February 30, which is nonexistent in the Gregorian calendar. In the U.S., there is a 10% federal income tax penalty for making an early withdrawal from a IRA, 401K, annuity, or whole life insurance policy before age 59½, with some exceptions, and this is the method used. If it results in an nonexistent date, the last day of the month is used instead--even if it is

title: Happy Birthday to You

text: publication used "John" as the example. <score lang="lilypond">\relative c' { \key f \major \time 3/4 \partial 4 c8. c16 | d4 c f | e2 c8. c16 | d4 c g' | f2 c8. c16 | c'4 a f | e( d) bes'8. bes16 | a4 f g | f2 \bar "|." } \addlyrics { Hap -- py birth -- day to you, Hap -- py birth -- day to you, Hap -- py birth -- day dear [NAME], __ Hap -- py birth -- day to you. }</score> It is traditional, among English-speakers, that at a birthday party, the

title: February 29

short_answers:
February 28
February 29
March 1