question: what is the corporate tax rate in great britain

answers: 20%

title: United Kingdom corporation tax

title: Corporate tax

text: corporation tax to 22%. The OECD average is 22%. The first column in the table below represents corporate income tax rates mandated by the central government. The second column lists total combined tax rates which, in addition to the government tax rate, may also include various provincial, state and local taxes. For example, the 2015 provincial corporate tax rates in Canada range from 11.5% to 16% in addition to the federal tax rate of 15%, unless taxable profits of small corporations are low enough to qualify for a lower tax rate. The corporate tax rates in other jurisdictions include: Most

title: Taxation in the United Kingdom

text: income tax, while the legislation imposing corporation tax has itself been amended; the rules governing income tax and corporation tax have thus diverged. Business rates is the commonly used name of non-domestic rates, a rate or tax charged to occupiers of non-domestic property. Business rates form part of the funding for local government, and are collected by them, but rather than receipts being retained directly they are pooled centrally and then redistributed. In 2005–06, £19.9 billion was collected in business rates, representing 4.35 percent of the total United Kingdom tax income. Business rates are a property tax, where each non-domestic

title: Corporate tax

text: one should also take into account the taxes on dividends paid to shareholders. For example, the overall U.S. tax on corporate profits of 35% is less than or similar to that of European countries such as Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, which have lower corporate tax rates but higher taxes on dividends paid to shareholders. Corporate tax rates across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) are shown in the table. Rates within the OECD vary from a low of 8.5% in Switzerland to a high of 34.43% in France, since the United States had recently decreased

title: Business rates in England

text: total of £22.9 billion in business rates, representing 3.53% of the total UK tax income and achieving an average in-year collection rate of 98.1%. For 2016/17 the multiplier is 49.7 pence and the small business rate multiplier is 48.4 pence. The multiplier for 2017/18 is 47.9 pence, which means that this tax has increased in real terms by 37.6% since its inception in 1990. The rateable values are updated to current market values, but the multiplier has increased from 34.8p (or 34.8%) to 47.9p (47.9%). The bill may also be reduced by having one or more reliefs applied to it,

title: Companies of the United States with untaxed profits

text: from a low of 8.5% in Switzerland to a high of 35% in the United States, with an average of 22%. In addition to the federal tax rates, provincial, state and local taxes may also apply in most jurisdictions. For example, the 2015 provincial corporate tax rates in Canada range from 11.5% to 16% in addition to the federal tax rate of 15%, unless taxable profits of small corporations are low enough to qualify for a lower tax rate. In comparing national corporate tax rates one should also take into account the taxes on dividends paid to shareholders. For example,

title: United Kingdom corporation tax

text: the starting rate to zero, with marginal relief applying in the same way. This caused a significant increase in the number of companies being incorporated, as businesses that had operated as self-employed, paying income tax on profits from just over £5,000, were attracted to the corporation tax rate of 0% on income up to £10,000. Previously self-employed individuals could now distribute profits as dividend payments rather than salaries. For companies with profits under £50,000 the corporation tax rate varied between 0% and 19%. Because dividend payments come with a basic rate tax credit, provided the recipient did not earn more

title: United Kingdom corporation tax

text: United Kingdom corporation tax In the United Kingdom, corporation tax is a corporate tax levied in the United Kingdom on the profits made by UK-resident companies and on the profits of entities registered overseas with permanent establishments in the UK. Until 1 April 1965, companies were taxed at the same income tax rates as individual taxpayers, with an additional profits tax levied on companies. Finance Act 1965 replaced this structure for companies and associations with a single corporate tax, which took its basic structure and rules from the income tax system. Since 1997, the UK's Tax Law Rewrite Project has

title: United Kingdom corporation tax

text: the corporation tax paid up to 19%. For example, a company making £10,000 profit, and making a £6,000 dividend distribution to an individual and £4,000 to another company would pay 19% corporation tax on the £6,000. Although this measure substantially reduced the number of small businesses incorporating, the Chancellor in the 2006 Budget said tax avoidance by small businesses through incorporation was still a major issue, and scrapped the starting rate entirely. The starting point for computing taxable profits is profits before tax (except for a life assurance company). The rules for calculating corporation tax generally ran in parallel with

title: United Kingdom corporation tax

text: third and fourth quarterly instalments are merged, including the supplementary 10% charge. In the financial year 2004–2005, approximately 39,000 companies paid corporation tax at the main rate. These 4.7% of active companies are responsible for 75% of all corporation tax receipts. Around 224,000 companies paid the small companies rate, with 34,000 benefiting from marginal relief. 264,000 were in the starting rate, with 269,000 benefiting from the lower band of marginal relief. The total revenue was £41.9bn from 831,885 companies. Only 23480 companies had a liability in excess of £100,000. HMRC has one year from the normal filing date, which is

title: State income tax

text: The corporate income tax rate is 6.5%. Alaska does not have an individual income tax. Reference: The corporate income tax rate is 4.9%. Reference: The standard corporate rate is 8.84%, except for banks and other financial institutions, whose rate is 10.84%. Colorado has a flat rate of 4.63% for both individuals and corporations. Connecticut's corporate income tax rate is 7.5%. Reference: Delaware's corporate income tax rate is 8.7%. State income tax Most individual U.S. states collect a state income tax in addition to federal income tax. The two are separate entities. Some local governments also impose an income tax, often

title: United Kingdom corporation tax

text: than the basic rate allowance, no further tax would be paid. The number of new companies being formed in 2002–2003 reached 325,900, an increase of 45% on 2001–2002. The fact that individuals operating in this manner could potentially pay no tax at all was felt by the government to be unfair tax avoidance, and the 2004 Budget introduced a Non-Corporate Distribution Rate. This ensured that where a company paid below the small companies' rate (19% in 2004), dividend payments made to non-corporates (for example, individuals, trusts and personal representatives of deceased persons) would be subject to additional corporation tax, bringing

title: United Kingdom corporation tax

text: and 2001 brought further falls to a 30% main rate and 19% small companies' rates. From April 1983 to March 1997 the small companies' rate was pegged to the basic rate of income tax. During the 1980s there was briefly a higher rate of tax imposed for capital profits. Chancellor Gordon Brown's 1999 Budget introduced a 10% starting rate for profits from £0 to £10,000, effective from April 2000. Marginal relief applied meaning companies with profits of between £10,000 and £50,000 paid a rate between the starting rate and the small companies' rate (19% in 2000). The 2002 Budget cut

title: Corporate tax

text: different types of corporations, allowing lower rates for some smaller corporations. Tax rates vary by jurisdiction and some countries have sub-country level jurisdictions like provinces, cantons, prefectures, cities, or other that also impose corporate income tax like Canada, Germany, Japan, Switzerland, and the United States. Some jurisdictions impose tax at a different rate on an alternative tax base. Examples of corporate tax rates for a few English-speaking countries include: Corporate tax rates vary widely by country, leading some corporations to shield earnings within offshore subsidiaries or to redomicile within countries with lower tax rates. In comparing national corporate tax rates

title: Taxation in the United Kingdom

text: and stamp duty reserve tax, are charged respectively on the transfer of real property and shares and securities, at rates of up to 4 percent and 0.5 percent respectively. Motoring taxes include: fuel duty (which itself also attracts VAT), and Vehicle Excise Duty. Other fees and charges include the London congestion charge, various statutory fees including that for the compulsory vehicle test and that for vehicle registration, and in some areas on-street parking (as well as associated charges for violations). Corporation tax is a tax levied in the United Kingdom on the profits made by companies and on the profits

title: United Kingdom corporation tax

text: the following 31 March. Financial year FY17 started on 1 April 2017 and ends on 31 March 2018. Where a company's accounting period straddles a financial year in which the corporation tax rate has changed, the company's profits for that period are split. For example, a company paying small companies' rate with its accounting period running from 1 January to 31 December, and making £100,000 of profit in 2007, would be deemed to have made 90/365*£100,000 = £24,657.53 in FY06 (there are 90 days between 1 January and 31 March), and 275/365*£100,000=£75,34.47 in FY07, and would pay 19% on the

title: Business ownership within England and Wales

text: to do this because corporation tax rates are much lower than income tax rates. Business which make more than £60,000 have to register for a VAT number they also need to charge their customers VAT, you also need to fill in the relevant VAT returns and send VAT payments to HM Revenue & Customs. VAT is paid on its purchases this is called input tax they also charge tax on sales this is called output tax; if a business gains more output tax from what it pays in input then it must pay the difference, if the business receives more

title: United Kingdom corporation tax

text: to collect corporation tax must be passed annually by parliament, otherwise there is no authority to collect it. The charge for the financial year (beginning 1 April each year) is imposed by successive finance acts. The tax is charged in respect of the company's accounting period, which is normally the 12-month period for which the company prepares its accounts. Corporation tax is administered by Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC). Corporation tax is levied on the net profits of a company. Except for certain life assurance companies, it is borne by the company as a direct tax. Up until 1999

title: United Kingdom corporation tax

text: 2016-17. Until 1965, companies were subject to income tax on their profits at the same rates as was levied on individual taxpayers. A dividend imputation system existed, whereby the income tax paid by a company was offset against the income tax liability of a shareholder who received dividends from the company. The standard rate of income tax in 1949 was 50%. If the company paid a £100 dividend, the recipient would be treated as if he had earned £200 and had paid £100 in income tax on it – the tax paid by the company fully covered the tax due

title: Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland

text: TP–based BEPS tool users are the life sciences manufacturers. The "headline" tax rate is the rate of taxation that is applied to the profits that a tax-code deems to be taxable after deductions. The "effective" tax rate is the rate of taxation implied by the actual quantum of tax paid versus profits before all deductions are applied. The gap between the Irish corporate "headline" rate of 12.5%, and the much lower Irish corporate "effective" rate of 2–4%, is a source of controversy: The Irish State asserts Ireland's ETR similar to the Irish "headline" CT rate of 12.5%. This is an

title: United Kingdom corporation tax

text: 40% in 1971. In 1973, alongside the introduction of advance corporation tax (ACT), Conservative chancellor Anthony Barber created a main rate of 52%, together with a smaller companies' rate of 42%. This apparent increase was negated by the fact that under the ACT scheme, dividends were no longer subject to income tax. The 1979 Conservative Budget of Geoffrey Howe cut the small companies' rate to 40%, followed by a further cut in the 1982 Budget to 38%. The Budgets of 1983–1988 saw sharp cuts in both main and small companies' rates, falling to 35% and 25% respectively. Budgets between 1988

title: United Kingdom corporation tax

text: profits chargeable to tax at the standard shareholder rate applicable to that company. Separate rules apply for dual resident companies. Full group relief is permitted between companies subject to UK corporation tax that are in the same 75% group, where companies have a common ultimate parent, and at least 75% of the shares in each company (other than the ultimate parent) are owned by other companies in the group. The companies making up a 75% group do not all need to be UK-resident or subject to UK corporation tax relief. An open-ended investment company cannot form part of a group.

title: Corporate tax in the United States

text: Corporate tax in the United States Corporate tax is imposed in the United States at the federal, most state, and some local levels on the income of entities treated for tax purposes as corporations. Since January 1, 2018, the nominal federal corporate tax rate in the United States of America is a flat 21% due to the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. State and local taxes and rules vary by jurisdiction, though many are based on federal concepts and definitions. Taxable income may differ from book income both as to timing of income and tax

text: must also pay Income Tax they do this by filling in the self-assessment form which also allows the Inland Revenue to calculate Class 4 NIC; this is simple to fill the information needed is usually costs, sales and profits; if turnover is above £15,000 you may have to keep a detailed profit and loss and balance sheet. Basic records will normally include: Sole traders and partnerships have to pay tax even if they do not take money out of the organisation. This can be overcome by becoming a limited company however the paperwork is more extensive; limited companies are able

title: United Kingdom corporation tax

text: to have earned £100, and to have already paid tax of £30 on it. The ACT paid by the company would be deductible against its final "mainstream" corporation tax bill. To the extent that the individual's tax on the dividend was less than the tax credit – for example, if his income was too low to pay tax (below £595 in 1973–1974) – he would be able to reclaim some or all of the £30 tax paid by the company. The set-off was only partial, since the company would pay 52% tax (small companies had lower rates, but still higher

title: Corporate haven

text: tax rate rises to over 14%. This is compared to a new U.S. FDII tax regime of 13.125% for U.S.-based IP, which reduces to circa 12% after the higher U.S. tax relief. U.S. multinationals like Pfizer announced in Q1 2018, a post-TCJA global tax rate for 2019 of circa 17%, which is very similar to the circa 16% expected by past U.S. multinational Irish tax inversions, Eaton, Allergan, and Medtronic. This is the effect of Pfizer being able to use the new U.S. 13.125% FDII regime, as well as the new U.S. BEAT regime penalising non-U.S. multinationals (and past tax

title: Australian corporate tax rate

text: equal to the small and medium business tax rate of 27.5% in 2023-24, before being reduced to 27% in 2024-25, 26% in 2025-26, and eventually a fixed rate of 25% in 2026-27. As at May 2018, the government had legislated the first phase of the plan, giving tax cuts to companies with turnover of up to $50 million at a cost of $29.8 billion over the first decade. The second phase, costing another $35.6 billion over the same period, has already been blocked in the Senate. Australian corporate tax rate The Australian company tax rate has varied over time. It

text: corporate tax rate of 1 per cent on its European profits in 2003, down to 0.005 per cent in 2014". In February 2014, as a result of Bloomberg's "Special Investigation" and Trinity College Professor Dr. Jim Stewart's ETR calculations (see above), the "architect" of Ireland's Double Irish BEPS tool, PricewaterhouseCoopers tax-partner Feargal O'Rourke, went on "RTE Radio" to state that: "there was a hole the size of the Grand Canyon", in the analysis. O'Rourke also referenced the PricewaterhouseCoopers/World Bank survey that Ireland's ETR was circa 12%. In December 2014, the Irish Department of Finance, gathered a panel of Irish experts

title: Taxation in the Republic of Ireland

text: 16% of total Irish net Tax Revenues, however, since 2015, corporation tax has risen sharply, doubling in scale from 4.6 billion in 2014 to 8.2 billion in 2017; the Revenue Commissioners state that foreign multinationals pay circa 80% of Irish corporation tax. , there are two rates of corporation tax ("CT") in the Republic of Ireland: The special 10% tax rate for manufacturing in Ireland (introduced from 1980/81), and for financial services in the special economic zone of the International Financial Services Centre in Dubin (introduced from 1987), have now been phased out since 2010 and 2003 respectively, and are

title: Taxation in the United Kingdom

text: top rate of 50% was introduced on income over £150,000. A predictable result was that taxpayers disguised their income, and revenue to the Exchequer went down. In the 2012 budget this rate was cut to 45% for 2013–14; this was followed by an increase in the tax paid by additional rate taxpayers from £38 billion to £46 billion. Chancellor George Osborne said that the lower, more competitive tax rate had caused the increase. Business rates were introduced in England and Wales in 1990 and are a modernised version of a system of rating that dates back to the Elizabethan Poor

title: United Kingdom corporation tax

long_answer: Originally introduced as a classical tax system, in which companies were subject to tax on their profits and companies' shareholders were also liable to income tax on the dividends that they received, the first major amendment to corporation tax saw it move to a dividend imputation system in 1973, under which an individual receiving a dividend became entitled to an income tax credit representing the corporation tax already paid by the company paying the dividend. The classical system was reintroduced in 1999, with the abolition of advance corporation tax and of repayable dividend tax credits. Another change saw the single main rate of tax split into three. Tax competition between jurisdictions reduced the main corporate tax rate from 28% in 2008-2010 to a flat rate of 20% as of April 2015.


question: what is the meaning of the name sinead

answers: God forgave/God gratified

title: Sinéad

text: Sinéad (/ʃɪˈneɪd/ shi-NADE; Irish pronunciation: [ˈʃɪnʲeːd̪ˠ] or [ʃɪˈnʲeːd̪ˠ]), is an Irish feminine name. It is derived from the French Jeanette, which is cognate to the English Janet, itself a feminine form of the Hebrew Yohannan, "God forgave/God gratified".  In English, Sinéad is also commonly spelled Sinead. The name is generally translated into English as either Jane or Jennifer, or as the female version of the Scottish name Jean.

title: Sinéad O'Connor

text: name Shuhada' Davitt. Sinéad O'Connor Shuhada' Davitt (born Sinéad Marie Bernadette O'Connor , 8 December 1966) is an Irish singer-songwriter who rose to fame in the late 1980s with her debut album "The Lion and the Cobra". As Sinéad O'Connor, she achieved worldwide success in 1990 with a new arrangement of Prince's song "Nothing Compares 2 U". Since then, while maintaining her singing career, she has occasionally encountered controversy, partly due to her statements and gestures—such as her ordination as a priest despite being a woman with a Roman Catholic background—and her strongly expressed views on organised religion, women's rights,

title: Sinéad O'Connor

text: Sinéad O'Connor Shuhada' Davitt (born Sinéad Marie Bernadette O'Connor , 8 December 1966) is an Irish singer-songwriter who rose to fame in the late 1980s with her debut album "The Lion and the Cobra". As Sinéad O'Connor, she achieved worldwide success in 1990 with a new arrangement of Prince's song "Nothing Compares 2 U". Since then, while maintaining her singing career, she has occasionally encountered controversy, partly due to her statements and gestures—such as her ordination as a priest despite being a woman with a Roman Catholic background—and her strongly expressed views on organised religion, women's rights, war, and child

title: The Unforgiving

text: O'Connell completed the rest of the story with additional suggestions from the band. For example, Sinéad was initially a South American woman named Maya, but, as the music to "Sinéad" had already been completed, Sharon requested that the name and nationality be changed. While shooting the three short films and music videos, "Mother Maiden" ("Faster"), "Sinéad" and "Triplets" ("Shot in the Dark"), the band and director (Joeri Holsheimer) came up with several other ideas, among them which song would connect to which story. The band's decision to shoot three short films was mostly to avoid the restrictions imposed on music

title: Sinéad Quinn

text: Sinéad Quinn Sinéad Quinn (; born 24 March 1980) is a Northern Irish singer, best known as a contestant in the first series of the UK BBC TV series "Fame Academy" in 2002. She later went on to sign a recording contract, released an album, and had a #2 UK single with "I Can't Break Down" in February 2003. Quinn did not enter the "Fame Academy" in the same way as the other contestants. The first eleven contestants were picked by the show's judges, but the final contestant was picked through a public vote in the first programme of the

title: Sinéad O'Connor

text: Joseph, Eimear, John, and Eoin. Her parents are Sean O'Connor, a structural engineer later turned barrister and chairperson of the Divorce Action Group, and Marie O'Connor. In 1979 O'Connor left her mother and went to live with her father and his new wife. At the age of 15, her shoplifting and truancy led to her being placed for eighteen months in a Magdalene Asylum, the Grianán Training Centre run by the Order of Our Lady of Charity. In some ways, she thrived there, especially in the development of her writing and music, but she also chafed under the imposed conformity.

title: The Unforgiving

text: on Metal-Ways.com (in English). "Sinéad", the second short film, was released on 21 March. The accompanying music video was officially released on 10 June 2011 to promote the song's single of the same name, which was released on 15 July. The single differs from the others, as it includes four remixes of the track by four different dance producers. The band also went to Germany to promote the single on Television. The band commenced "The Unforgiving Tour" on 10 August at the Sziget Festival, Hungary, playing a selection of songs from "The Unforgiving" as well as some of their more

title: Sinead Kerr

text: has two brothers, John and David. She has worked as a model for Alexander McQueen and as an actress. She married Canadian ice hockey player Grant Marshall in July 2016. Sinead Kerr started roller skating at age 8 and began figure skating about a year later, eventually choosing the latter. She trained as a singles skater before taking up ice dance at age 15. Kerr's first ice dancing partner was Jamie Ferguson. Making their first international appearance, they placed ninth at the European Youth Olympic Festival, held in February 1995 in Andorra. In November–December 1995, they competed at the 1996

title: Sinead O'Donnell

text: Sinead O'Donnell Sinéad O’Donnell (born 11 September 1975, Dublin) is an Irish artist. She currently lives and works in Belfast and travels extensively with her work. Sinéad's practice is performance based and site/context responsive, having worked across the mediums of performance, installation & time based art and studied sculpture at the University of Ulster, textiles in Dublin and visual performance and time-based practices at Dartington College of Arts. 'Her work explores identity, borders and barriers through encounters with territory and the territorial. She sets up actions or situations that demonstrate complexities, contradictions or commonality between medium and discipline, timing and

title: Sinéad O'Carroll

text: Sinéad O'Carroll Sinéad Maria O'Carroll (born 14 May 1973) is an Irish singer-songwriter, musician, dancer and actress. She is best known for being a member of the girl group B*Witched. In 1998, Edele Lynch formed the girl group Butterfly Farm with her twin sister Keavy Lynch and O'Carroll. The trio began writing and recording together, but soon realised that there was "someone missing". Upon Keavy's suggestion, they asked Lindsay Armaou to come for an audition and she played a tape recording of a song she had written. The other girls liked it and Lindsay became the fourth member of the

title: Fiona Russell Powell

text: as she had earlier that year, and while her personal image had since moved onto what became known as Sinéad O'Connor's look, so she wore wigs, platform shoes and clothes made for her by Leigh Bowery, Bodymap and Mark Spy and Murray Blewitt, who went on to design for Vivienne Westwood. The name 'Eden' was dreamt up by Fiona, Leigh Bowery and Trojan one night over a bottle of vodka in their East London flat. Neither Fiona nor David were allowed to contribute musically (although both were more than capable). The reasons were partly aesthetic and partly financial. Fake instruments

title: Sinéad Quinn

text: Quinn is the second child of Gerry and Philomena Quinn. She studied at the University of Hull. On 6 December 2008, Quinn married Paul Stewart at the Sacred Heart Church in Irvinestown. They became engaged on 9 October 2007. Sinéad Quinn Sinéad Quinn (; born 24 March 1980) is a Northern Irish singer, best known as a contestant in the first series of the UK BBC TV series "Fame Academy" in 2002. She later went on to sign a recording contract, released an album, and had a #2 UK single with "I Can't Break Down" in February 2003. Quinn did

title: Sinead O'Connor (Hollyoaks)

text: Sinead O'Connor (Hollyoaks) Sinead Shelby (also O'Connor and Roscoe) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, "Hollyoaks", played by Stephanie Davis. The character first appeared on-screen during the episode broadcast 1 September 2010. Sinead is a member of the O'Connor family, who were introduced as part of a cast turnover. Producers devised a "Romeo and Juliet" pairing for Sinead and Bart McQueen (Jonny Clarke). Davis was fired from the show in July 2015 after poor behaviour on-set and Sinead departed during the episode broadcast on 18 September 2015. Davis' reintroduction was announced in May 2018, and

title: Sinead O'Donnell

text: festival, Croatia (2012), Black Market International, Belfast (2012), National Review of Live Art, Glasgow (2010). For further details please see her curriculum vitae. Sinead O'Donnell Sinéad O’Donnell (born 11 September 1975, Dublin) is an Irish artist. She currently lives and works in Belfast and travels extensively with her work. Sinéad's practice is performance based and site/context responsive, having worked across the mediums of performance, installation & time based art and studied sculpture at the University of Ulster, textiles in Dublin and visual performance and time-based practices at Dartington College of Arts. 'Her work explores identity, borders and barriers through encounters

title: Sinead O'Donnell

text: spontanaeity, intuition and methodology, artist and audience. She uses photography, video, text and collage to record her performances which often reveals an ongoing interest in the co-existence of other women and systems of kinship and identity. Sinéad’s practice is nomadic and travel has broadened her cultural perceptions and influenced her artistic sensibilities regarding time and space. ' Sinéad is a member of Bbeyond and active within the Belfast performance art scene where she works with a range of organisations to develop and disseminate performance art and support emerging artists working in the medium. Sinéad was a 2010/11 ArtsAdmin bursary recipient

title: Sinead Kerr

text: Sinead Kerr Sinead Houston Kerr (born 30 August 1978) is a Scottish ice dancer who represents Great Britain. She teamed up with her brother John Kerr in 2000. They are two-time (2009, 2011) European bronze medalists and the 2004–2010 British national champions. They placed 10th at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, and 8th at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The Kerrs retired from competitive skating in April 2011. Sinead Kerr was born on 30 August 1978 in Dundee, Scotland. She is the daughter of Maeve, a retired nurse, and Alastair, a general practitioner, and

title: Sinéad Lohan

text: Sinéad Lohan Sinéad Lohan (born 1971) is an Irish singer and songwriter. A native of Cork, her song "Sailing By" appeared on the compilation "A Woman's Heart 2". In 1991 Sinéad began playing regular gigs at The Lobby, a renowned club in Cork, and soon thereafter began recording her first album, "Who Do You Think I Am", produced by Declan Sinnott. She has released two albums, "Who Do You Think I Am" in 1995, which scored several radio hits in Ireland, and "No Mermaid" in 1998, which has been rated 4/5 stars at Allmusic. "No Mermaid" was released by Interscope

title: Sinéad Mulvey

text: Sinéad Mulvey Sinéad Mulvey (born 22 January 1988) is an Irish professional singer & air hostess who, alongside Black Daisy, represented her country at the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with the pop-rock song "Et Cetera". The song was performed in the second semi-final but missed out on qualification to the grand final. Mulvey appeared on "You're a Star" prior to Eurovision 2009, but missed out on the final. Sinéad started singing at the age of thirteen, as she was picked as the star role in the musical "Cinderella". In 2005 she competed in RTÉ's talent show "You're a Star". She

title: Sinead O'Connor (Hollyoaks)

text: the character returned on 23 October that year. In 2010, Davis appeared as a contestant on BBC talent contest "Over the Rainbow". When she departed the competition "Hollyoaks" contacted her agent requesting that she audition for the show. Davis gave up her pursuit of stage work to star as Sinéad. She later told Dawn Collinson from the "Liverpool Echo" that "I definitely, 100% made the right decision, it’s Hollyoaks all the way". Sinead was created during producer Paul Marquess's "radical makeover" of "Hollyoaks". Marquess first mentioned the family during a May 2010 interview with Kris Green from Digital Spy. He

title: Sinead Moynihan

text: Sinead Moynihan Sinéad Bernadette Moynihan (born March 1982 in Salford, Greater Manchester) is an English model and actress, best known for her roles as Ashley Webb in "Drop Dead Gorgeous", Beth Clement in "Hollyoaks", and Abby Jones in "How Not to Live Your Life". The eldest of three girls, Sinead's sisters are Lara and Hayley Moynihan. She is the mother of two boys, Dylan and Jacob. She has been close friends with Linzey Cocker since they played the Webb sisters in BBC Three's comedy-drama Drop Dead Gorgeous in 2006. Moynihan began modelling at age 16. She trained at Manchester School

title: I'm Not Bossy, I'm the Boss

text: I'm Not Bossy, I'm the Boss I'm Not Bossy, I'm the Boss is the tenth full-length album by Irish singer-songwriter Sinéad O'Connor, released on 11 August 2014 on Nettwerk Music Group. The album was originally to be called "The Vishnu Room" after the song of the same name, but was changed, along with its original cover design, shortly before release in support of the Ban Bossy campaign. The album was nominated for the Irish Meteor Choice Music Prize for Best Album. It is her final album before legally changing her full name. Upon release the album received positive reviews from

title: Sinéad Morrissey

text: Sinéad Morrissey Sinéad Morrissey (born 24 April 1972 in Portadown, County Armagh) is a Northern Irish poet. In January 2014 she won the T. S. Eliot Prize for her fifth collection "Parallax" and in 2017 she won the Forward Prize for Poetry for her sixth collection "On Balance". Raised in Belfast, she was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, where she took BA and PhD degrees. After periods living in Japan and New Zealand she now lives in Belfast. She was appointed writer-in-residence and then Reader in Creative Writing at Queen's University, Belfast. In 2016 she was appointed Professor of Creative

title: Sinead Moynihan

text: Liverpool One. Sinead Moynihan Sinéad Bernadette Moynihan (born March 1982 in Salford, Greater Manchester) is an English model and actress, best known for her roles as Ashley Webb in "Drop Dead Gorgeous", Beth Clement in "Hollyoaks", and Abby Jones in "How Not to Live Your Life". The eldest of three girls, Sinead's sisters are Lara and Hayley Moynihan. She is the mother of two boys, Dylan and Jacob. She has been close friends with Linzey Cocker since they played the Webb sisters in BBC Three's comedy-drama Drop Dead Gorgeous in 2006. Moynihan began modelling at age 16. She trained at

title: Sinead Diver

text: Sinead Diver Sinead Diver (born 17 February 1977) is an Irish-born Australian long-distance runner. She competed in the marathon event at both the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing and the 2017 World Championships in Athletics in London. Diver moved to Australia in 2002. She started running in 2010 after the birth of her eldest son. In 2012, she won the Australian Half Marathon Championship. Her debut marathon was the 2014 Melbourne Marathon, where she finished as the second-placed woman in a time of 2:34:15. her marathon personal best time is 2:25.17, run at the Melbourne Marathon in October

title: Sinéad O'Connor discography

text: Best Of" (2000), "She Who Dwells in the Secret Place of the Most High Shall Abide Under the Shadow of the Almighty" (2003), "Collaborations" (2005) and "Essential" (2005). In addition, O'Connor also released four video albums, and overall thirty-four singles. Sinéad O'Connor discography Irish singer Sinéad O'Connor has released ten studio albums: "The Lion and the Cobra" (1987), "I Do Not Want What I Haven't Got" (1990), "Am I Not Your Girl?" (1992), "Universal Mother" (1994), "Faith and Courage" (2000), "Sean-Nós Nua" (2002), "Throw Down Your Arms" (2005), "Theology" (2007), "How About I Be Me (and You Be You)?" (2012),

title: Sinead Keenan

text: in "Little Boy Blue". In April 2018, it was announced that she had been nominated for a Leading Actress BAFTA TV Award for the same role. Keenan will have a starring role in the Jimmy McGovern and Gillian Juckes drama "Care", to be shown on BBC One on 9th December 2018. Sinead is tall. On 25 September 2011, Keenan announced that she was engaged. Keenan is allergic to chocolate. She married in 2012. Sinead is sister to actress Grainne Keenan. Sinead Keenan Sinead Keenan (born 27 December 1977) is an Irish actress with a wide range of television, film and

title: Sinéad Mulvey

text: works as an air hostess with Aer Lingus. The deadline for submissions for the Irish selection process for the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 was 2 February 2009, with RTÉ inviting entries from as early as 20 December 2008. On 20 February 2009, Sinéad, alongside rock band Black Daisy, won the Irish pre-selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 in Moscow, Russia. Sinéad and Black Daisy beat off competition from five other contenders in "The Late Late Show Eurosong Special", receiving 78 points out of a possible 80, to earn the right to represent Ireland in Moscow. Mulvey was described as

title: Sinéad Lohan

text: Here." In 2004, Sinéad began work on her third album with Malcolm Burn, the producer of "No Mermaid"; by 2007, the work was complete. However, the album was never released. Throughout most of her career, Sinéad wore her hair in colorful cornrows, which took six hours to braid. With her partner, John, Sinéad gave birth to a son in March 1999, after touring through her eighth month. She gave birth to her second child, a daughter, January 2001. Sinéad Lohan Sinéad Lohan (born 1971) is an Irish singer and songwriter. A native of Cork, her song "Sailing By" appeared on

title: Sinéad Sheppard

text: a fluent speaker of the Irish language, having been educated at Coláiste an Phíarsaigh, a gaelscoil in Glanmire, County Cork. Before being discovered by Louis Walsh, she was intending to pursue a career in public relations. Sheppard was nineteen when she was selected as a member of Six. Her first show as a member of Six was at the ChildLine Concert in the Point Theatre, Dublin, where she performed in front of 8000 people. Six released two multi-platinum selling singles, both of which reached No. 1 in the Irish Singles Chart, and also had a top five album in Ireland.

title: Sinéad Madden

text: Sinéad Madden Sinéad Madden (born in Galway, Ireland) is an Irish singer-songwriter and fiddle player, best known as a member of the Moya Brennan band. She also teaches at Waltons New School of Music in Dublin. Sinéad Madden was born in County Galway, but moved to County Mayo aged 6. At the age of 7 she began playing traditional fiddle. As a young adult, Madden went on to study both classical piano and violin while performing at sessions in local pubs. Sinéad moved to Dublin in 1994 to experience college life and the rock scene in the city at the

title: Sinéad


question: what network is showing the monday night football game

answers: ESPN

title: Monday Night Football

title: National Football League on television

text: on Monday Night Football. The Atlanta situation affected CBS affiliate WGCL-TV, which is the lowest-rated of the major network affiliates in the Atlanta market and has struggled to gain traction in the market since becoming the market's CBS affiliate following television realignment of the mid-1990s. In , the Arizona Cardinals had both of their interconference home games aired in prime time instead, with the game against the Baltimore Ravens on Monday Night Football and the contest against the Cincinnati Bengals on NBC's Sunday Night Football, though CBS was scheduled to broadcast the Bengals-Cardinals game until it was moved to Sunday

title: National Football League on television

text: night (for the first time since ). Both of the Cardinals' interconference home games in 2016 were also in primetime, with the New England Patriots game on Sunday Night Football and the New York Jets game on Monday Night Football, though CBS will air the team's game at San Francisco as part of that network's joint Thursday Night Football coverage with NFL Network. As such, barring a crossflex of a Cardinals Sunday afternoon game, CBS's solo production will have no Cardinals games for the second consecutive season (possibly the first time such a scenario occurred with one team in back-to-back

title: Monday Night Football

text: programs scheduled for prime time on the East Coast were broadcast at various hours on the West Coast. Most affiliates pushed the network shows to immediately after the game; however, Los Angeles owned-and-operated station KABC-TV postponed them until 10:00 p.m. from at least the mid-1990s until 2005 to show trivia contests and other sports shows produced locally (the longest-tenured such show was "Monday Night Live", hosted by sports anchor Todd Donoho). Meanwhile, KOMO, one of the stations that tape-delayed "MNF" in most cases, broadcast new episodes of the sitcom "Coach" on Saturday afternoons (usually reserved, coincidentally enough, for college football

title: Thursday Night Football

text: NBC, Fox NFL Thursday would begin at 7:30 p.m. Eastern Time; the aforementioned CBS-distributed programming is less-carried by its affiliates (though several still do, such as WVUE/New Orleans and WLUK-TV/Green Bay carrying the game shows), and programs such as sitcoms and entertainment newsmagazines such as "TMZ" will end up being preempted during Fox's carriage of "TNF". Westwood One provides national radio broadcasts of the "Thursday Night Football" games through a contract of currently unknown length (Westwood One quietly renewed the rights after parent company Cumulus Media departed a Chapter 11 bankruptcy). During the 2017 season, Ian Eagle called play-by-play, with

text: National Football League on Canadian television As of the 2017 NFL season, CTV and TSN broadcast Sunday games. "Monday Night Football" airs exclusively on TSN. TSN and CTV Two own rights to "Sunday Night Football" and "Thursday Night Football". RDS carries games in the French language from all timeslots. U.S. network television feeds may also be available, often from multiple markets, on cable and satellite (and via terrestrial broadcast in the border lands); all games are subject to simultaneous substitution. Craig Media (including the now-City stations in Winnipeg and Alberta) owned the rights to "Monday Night Football" in the early

title: NFL on Westwood One Sports

text: the United Football League. Jason Taylor replaces Lofton starting with the 2017 season due to Lofton moving to CBS television. The "Monday Night Football" broadcast on Westwood One features its lead broadcast team, as the network has long considered Monday night to be its flagship NFL broadcast, even as the NFL now considers the Sunday night game (since 2006 when NBC launched their Sunday night television package) its marquee "game of the week". As such, the team occupying this position stays together to call important playoff games and the Super Bowl. For many years (beginning in 1978), the CBS Radio/Westwood

title: NBC Sunday Night Football

text: presentation. The package was part of a new graphics set introduced across NBC Sports' properties on January 1, 2015, during its coverage of the Premier League and the 2015 NHL Winter Classic. On November 3, 2016, during the Atlanta Falcons-Tampa Bay Buccaneers game on NFL Network, NBC Sports debuted a separate graphics package for their production of "Thursday Night Football", which is completely different from the CBS Sports version. The score bar, which is similar in design to the "SNF" version, is also seen at the bottom of the screen, with the NBC/NFL Network co-branding on the left side of

title: NBC Sunday Night Football

text: the bar. However, the timeout indicators on NBC's "TNF" score bar are stacked to the right of the team's abbreviations, as opposed to underneath them on the network's own "SNF" score bar. For the 2017 season, "TNF" games produced by NBC but aired exclusively on NFL Network outside of team markets have the NBC logos removed but use the same graphics and theme music. NBC debuted a new graphics package specifically for "Sunday Night Football" during Super Bowl LII. NBC producer Fred Gaudell stated that the network wanted the Sunday night games to have a more distinctive presentation to set

title: XFL

text: networks. NBC in particular switched back to the XFL camera angles in 2017, when traditional cameras were too far away to cut through thick fog and smoke on some of the "Sunday Night Football" games that year; response was so positive that the network opted to use two of its "Thursday Night Football" games to experiment with intentionally broadcasting most of the game through that angle. At the beginning of the season, NBC showed a feature game at 8 p.m. Eastern Time on Saturday nights, also taping a second game. The second game, in some weeks, would air in the

title: Indianapolis Colts

text: team's official station; WISH had carried most of the team's games through the NFL on CBS since the 1998 season. Indiana University's "Hoosiers" announcer Don Fischer provides play-by-play. "Monday Night Football" broadcasts are usually carried by ABC affiliate WRTV (channel 6). The team's carriage rights were shaken up in mid-2014 when WTTV's owner Tribune Media came to terms with CBS to become the network's Indianapolis affiliate as of January 1, 2015, leaving WISH with the market's affiliation with The CW. With the deal, both Tribune Media stations, including WXIN (channel 59) will carry the bulk of the team's regular season

title: National Football League on television

text: CBS at 1:00 p.m. ET. The NFL rules prohibit other NFL games from being shown on local television stations while a local team is playing a sold out, locally televised home game (there are exceptions to this rule: during Week 17, during London games, and if two local teams are playing at the same time). The rules are designed to encourage ticket-holders to show up at the stadium instead of watching another game on television. However, each network is guaranteed to have at least one game broadcast in every market, so some exceptions are granted to this rule. The exceptions

title: Monday Night Football

text: from the NFL's flexible scheduling rule adopted for the 2006–07 season; the new rule applies only to CBS, Fox, and NBC's Sunday night games). The league currently has no interest in expanding flexible scheduling to include "Monday Night Football", citing the logistical issues of moving games back and forth between Sundays and Mondays. The franchise with the most Monday night appearances is the Miami Dolphins. The San Francisco 49ers won their record 48th Monday Night game with a 28–0 win over the Los Angeles Rams on September 12, 2016. The most common "Monday Night Football" pairings are Broncos vs. Raiders

title: National Football League on television

text: Sunday afternoon games, not more than one per week, during weeks 11–16 and NBC selects which game they want to air. For example, in 2011, NBC wanted a late season game between the Denver Broncos and New England Patriots which featured Tim Tebow as the Broncos quarterback. CBS protected the game and NBC got a game featuring the San Diego Chargers instead. Networks have the option of waiving protection to allow for a Sunday night airing, as happened with a game between the unbeaten Kansas City Chiefs and one-loss Denver Broncos in Week 11 of the 2013 season. The contest

title: NBC Sunday Night Football

text: was moved to the 4:25 p.m. ET slot as the second game of the doubleheader on CBS. With the aforementioned Week 16 matchup between the Broncos and the Chiefs already being scheduled for Christmas night (December 25), that was the second time that NBC has shown both meetings of division rivals during a regular season. On December 4, 2016, the NFL announced that it had flexed the Tampa Bay Buccaneers-Dallas Cowboys game into the Sunday night slot for Week 15, replacing the originally-scheduled Pittsburgh Steelers-Cincinnati Bengals game, which was moved to the 1:00 p.m. ET slot as the early game

title: NBC Sunday Night Football

text: most Week 16 games. It was filled by the game between the Philadelphia Eagles and the Dallas Cowboys. The league announced on November 1, 2013, that the Week 11 Kansas City Chiefs–Denver Broncos game, originally scheduled as CBS's only late 4:05 p.m. Eastern Time singleheader game, was flexed into the "Sunday Night Football", replacing the originally scheduled Green Bay Packers–New York Giants game. CBS originally selected the Chiefs–Broncos matchup as one of their "protected games" from flex-scheduling, but later allowed the league to flex it so it could be seen by a national audience. This would be one of two

title: Thursday Night Football

text: "Entertainment Tonight" (all distributed by CBS's sister syndication division CBS Television Distribution), along with several other programs, which then require pre-emption or slotting on lower-profile alternate timeslots or stations to air in markets where they are carried by CBS, Fox, or NBC affiliates in order to accommodate the Thursday games. For Fox, the game telecast is preceded by "Fox NFL Thursday" live from New York City, hosted by Michael Strahan, Terry Bradshaw, Howie Long, and Fox’s NFL insider Jay Glazer, who appears from the Fox Sports studios in Los Angeles, where Fox NFL Sunday is filmed, and like CBS and

title: Graveyard slot

text: am on weekdays followed by "The Jeremy Kyle Show", and 6a.m. at the weekend. Channel 4 shows repeats and films during these hours apart from Wednesdays where sports including, Motor Racing, Triathlon and Beach Volleyball are shown. During the National Football League season for American football, the American NBC's "Sunday Night Football" game, along with playoff games and the Super Bowl, are carried live, which is often also the case with other popular American sports airing in primetime in the UK on Sky Sports and BT Sport. Channel 5 shows "Supercasino" and some repeats. Most digital channels during this time

title: Arena Football League on ESPN

text: and Mark Schlereth with the third being Ron Jaworski and Merril Hoge. On May 2007, Mark Jones replaced Jaworski, who focuses on his new "Monday Night Football" role. Jay Rothman, producer of "Monday Night Football", and Bryan Ryder will also produce the Monday night Arena Football games on ESPN2. The announcements were made on January 16, 2007. The other play-by-play announcer used on playoff games is Bob Wischusen. Pasch, Wischusen, and Bentley returned to their respective roles while Marcellus Wiley and Shaun King joined as color commentators. The tandems of Greenberg-Golic and Wingo-Schlereth would not reprise their roles as play-by-play

title: NFL Network

text: broadcast television station in the primary markets of the participating teams, although prior to the suspension of blackout rules in 2015 stations in the home team's market only carried it if the televised game sold out all remaining available tickets 72 hours prior to the game's start time. When "Thursday Night Football" premiered, veteran television announcer Bryant Gumbel served as play-by-play announcer, with former Fox and current NBC analyst Cris Collinsworth serving as color commentator for the broadcasts. Collinsworth won the Sports Emmy for best game analyst for his work on the NFL Network telecasts. Dick Vermeil replaced Collinsworth for

title: Monday Night Football

text: is either headed to the playoffs or must win the "MNF" game to clinch a playoff spot. The problem of having a national spotlight game which during the season's most critical weeks late in the year probably would not show the most important game of the week was long known by the league and network. As a result of this, the NFL wished to move the "Game of the Week" idea to Sunday nights as to make flex scheduling possible. This was a move which would ultimately mean the end of "Monday Night Football" on ABC (cable games are protected

title: Monday Night Football

text: "Heavy Action" theme in 1989. For ABC's last MNF game in 2005, Williams Jr.'s rendition of "Turn Out the Lights, The Party's Over", closed the broadcast. Prior to 1997, "Monday Night Football" had a limited graphics package. A CGI-based intro began being used in 1984, with on-screen graphics still limited to basic text. In 1988, the entire graphics package was updated significantly to be more in line with the rest of ABC Sports' presentations. That year, it introduced the "clashing helmets" intro, with on-screen graphics consisting of italicized text underlined in red. It was updated in 1994, the year the

title: NBC Sunday Night Football

text: divisional playoff game with the Chiefs at home against the Steelers in the afternoon; on January 13, the NFL announced that game would move to primetime on NBC the same day due to an ice storm affecting the Kansas City area which would cause perilous travel for fans if the game went on as regularly scheduled, and thus becoming an unexpected bonus "Sunday Night Football" broadcast in its regular timeslot. NBC filled the vacated afternoon timeslot with a NHL game between the Philadelphia Flyers and Washington Capitals. The 2017 NFL schedule was released on April 20. NBC's first telecast of

title: Primary NFL television stations

text: broadcasts games in which the Chiefs host an NFC opponent. KSHB Channel 41 (NBC) broadcasts all games in which the Chiefs play on "NBC Sunday Night Football" or NBC's NFL playoffs coverage. KMBC Channel 9, an ABC affiliate owned by Hearst, has aired "Monday Night Football" games locally since 1970. Prior to the 1994 season, WDAF was the primary station for the Chiefs as an NBC affiliate (they aired on KMBC when ABC had the AFL package through 1964), since NBC had the AFC package. The interconference home games aired on KCTV starting in 1973 (when the NFL allowed local

title: NBC Sunday Night Football

text: 22.9 million viewers, the most for the first four weeks of a prime time NFL package in 14 years (since ABC earned a 24.0 million average viewership in 1996 on four broadcasts of "Monday Night Football"). The Washington Redskins–Dallas Cowboys game on December 30, 2012 was the highest-rated "Sunday Night Football" broadcast ever, earning 30.426 million viewers (22.074 million during the period from 8:31 to 11:25 p.m. Eastern Time) and a household rating of 12.7. This also made it the most watched regular-season primetime game in 16 years, since a November 18, 1996 "Monday Night Football" game on ABC between

title: National Football League on television

text: In recent years, the ABC O&Os have passed on airing the game, opting instead to air the network's Monday night schedule which includes the successful "Dancing with the Stars". In other markets, stations who are the affiliates of MyNetworkTV or The CW (and, in at least one case, an independent station) have out bid more established local broadcasters in some markets. However, the home team's market must be completely served by the station and that broadcast can only air if the game is sold out within 72 hours of kick-off (see below). Under the agreement for the 2014 season between

title: Thursday Night Football

text: package due to its short-term nature, and that Fox was attempting to outbid CBS. On February 1, 2016, the NFL announced that "Thursday Night Football" would be shared between CBS, NBC, and NFL Network for the 2016 and 2017 seasons. CBS and NBC would each air five games (resulting in a schedule of 10 games on broadcast TV in comparison to 8 under the previous deal), followed by an additional eight games exclusively on NFL Network to satisfy NFL Network's retransmission consent contracts with cable providers; the eight NFL Network-exclusive games included six Thursday contests, a Sunday morning International Series

title: History of Monday Night Football

text: The final "Monday Night Football" broadcast on ABC aired on December 26, 2005, when the New York Jets hosted the New England Patriots from Giants Stadium. Coincidentally, both the first and last ABC "Monday Night Football" game telecasts ended with a score of 31–21 with the Jets on the losing end. Vinny Testaverde holds the distinction of throwing the last TD pass in ABC's "MNF" telecast history; it was to wide receiver Laveranues Coles. Also, Testaverde's pass set an NFL record: most consecutive seasons with a touchdown pass, 19 seasons (1987–2005). Patriots linebacker Mike Vrabel set a record of note

title: Monday Night Countdown

text: (later Trent Dilfer) in the third spot. On September 17, 2012, "Monday Night Countdown" moved up to the 6:30 ET timeslot and expanded to 2 hours. As a result, "SportsCenter Monday Kickoff" had its runtime cut in half, from 60 minutes to 30 minutes only. Additionally, "Monday Night Countdown" debuted a new program logo that closely resembles that of "Monday Night Football" and a new graphics scheme package matching that of "Monday Night Football". Also, "Monday Night Countdown" began using MNF's "Heavy Action" theme music as this program's own theme music. Ray Lewis is added to the on-site team after

title: National Football League on television

text: CBS and the NFL Network for "Thursday Night Football" simulcasts during the first half of the season, local rights to such games that are not carried by CBS are awarded to the markets' CBS affiliates, rather than syndicated. If the CBS affiliate opts out of the deal, the NFL will offer the package by syndication, typically with the Monday Night package. The CBS/NFL Network deal was extended for the 2015 season on January 18, 2015. For the 2016 season, two midseason "TNF" games were NFL Network-exclusive but produced by NBC; the NBC affiliates in those markets with teams competing carried

title: Monday Night Football

long_answer: ESPN Monday Night Football (abbreviated as MNF and also known as ESPN Monday Night Football on ABC for rare live special broadcast) is a live television broadcast of weekly National Football League (NFL) games on ESPN in the United States. From 1970 to 2005, it aired on sister broadcast network ABC. Monday Night Football was, along with Hallmark Hall of Fame and the Walt Disney anthology television series, one of the longest-running prime time programs ever on commercial network television, and one of the highest-rated, particularly among male viewers. MNF is preceded on air by Monday Night Countdown served by Applebee's.


question: what is the form of mozart symphony no 40

answers: G minor

answers: minor key symphonies

title: Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)

text: Symphony No. 40 in G minor, KV. 550 was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1788. It is sometimes referred to as the "Great G minor symphony", to distinguish it from the "Little G minor symphony", No. 25. The two are the only extant minor key symphonies Mozart wrote.

title: Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)

text: in eight-bar phrases, following the general tendency toward rhythmic squareness in the finales of classical-era symphonies. A remarkable modulating passage in which every tone in the chromatic scale but one is played, strongly destabilizing the key, occurs at the beginning of the development section. The single note left out is in fact a G (the tonic). \relative c" { </score> The symphony typically has a duration of about 25 minutes. This work has elicited varying interpretations from critics. Robert Schumann regarded it as possessing "Grecian lightness and grace". Donald Francis Tovey saw in it the character of "opera buffa". Almost

title: Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)

text: few weeks during which time he also completed the 39th and 41st symphonies (26 June and 10 August, respectively). Nikolaus Harnoncourt conjectured that Mozart composed the three symphonies as a unified work, pointing, among other things, to the fact that the Symphony No. 40, as the middle work, has no introduction (unlike No. 39) and does not have a finale of the scale of No. 41's. The 40th symphony exists in two versions, differing primarily in that one includes parts for a pair of clarinets (with suitable adjustments made in the other wind parts). Most likely, the clarinet parts were

title: Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)

text: suggests that these conjectures are not correct. First, in a recently discovered 10 July 1802 letter by the musician Johann Wenzel (1762–1831) to the publisher Ambrosius Kühnel in Leipzig, Wenzel refers to a performance of the symphony at the home of Baron Gottfried van Swieten with Mozart present, but the execution was so poor that the composer had to leave the room. There is strong circumstantial evidence for other, probably better, performances. On several occasions between the composition of the symphony and the composer's death, symphony concerts were given featuring Mozart's music for which copies of the program have survived,

title: Symphony No. 41 (Mozart)

text: the traditional symphonic form of the Classical era: The symphony typically has a duration of about 33 minutes. The sonata form first movement's main theme begins with contrasting motifs: a threefold tutti outburst on the fundamental tone (respectively, by an ascending motion leading in a triplet from the dominant tone underneath to the fundamental one), followed by a more lyrical response. \relative c' { </score> This exchange is heard twice and then followed by an extended series of fanfares. What follows is a transitional passage where the two contrasting motifs are expanded and developed. From there, the second theme group

title: Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)

text: added in a revised version. The autograph scores of both versions were acquired in the 1860s by Johannes Brahms, who later donated the manuscripts to the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Vienna, where they reside today. As Neal Zaslaw has pointed out, writers on Mozart have often suggested – or even asserted – that Mozart never heard his 40th Symphony performed. Some commentators go further, suggesting that Mozart wrote the symphony (and its companions, Nos. 39 and 41) without even intending it to be performed, but rather for posterity; as (to use Alfred Einstein's words), an "appeal to eternity". Modern scholarship

title: Symphony No. 34 (Mozart)

text: of a reverse-recapitulation common in Italian overtures. The second movement in F major is scored for strings "sotto voce" with divided violas and a single bassoon doubling the cellos and bass. Alfred Einstein advanced a theory in the third edition of the Köchel catalogue that the Minuet K. 409 was written at a later date by the composer for this work. However, there is no proof in the sources to support his thesis. Also, K. 409 calls for two flutes in its orchestration which does not match the rest of the symphony. The finale is in sonata form and features

title: Symphony No. 30 (Mozart)

text: Symphony No. 30 (Mozart) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote Symphony No. 30 in D major, K. 202/186b in Salzburg, completing it on May 5, 1774. The work is scored for two oboes, bassoon, two horns, two trumpets, timpani and strings, but the timpani part has been lost. There has been at least one attempt to reconstruct the timpani part. \relative c { </score> The work is in 4 movements: The first movement is in sonata form and opens with a falling, dotted fanfare motif. A transitional section follows which contains a dialogue between violins and bass alternating between loud and soft

title: Symphony No. 41 (Mozart)

text: set of three that Mozart composed in rapid succession during the summer of 1788. No. 39 was completed on 26 June and No. 40 on 25 July. Nikolaus Harnoncourt argues that Mozart composed the three symphonies as a unified work, pointing, among other things, to the fact that the Symphony No. 41, as the final work, has no introduction (unlike No. 39) but has a grand finale. Around the same time as he composed the three symphonies, Mozart was writing his piano trios in E major (K. 542), and C major (K. 548), his piano sonata No. 16 in C

title: Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)

text: pitch sequence similar to that of Mozart's finale (see example below). <score vorbis>\relative c{ \clef bass \key c \minor \time 3/4 \tempo "Allegro" \partial 4 g(\pp | c ees g | c2 ees4 | d2 fis,4) | g2.~ | g2.}</score> Franz Schubert likewise copied down the music of Mozart's minuet, and the minuet of his Fifth Symphony strongly evokes Mozart's. Zaslaw has suggested that a passage late in Joseph Haydn's oratorio "The Seasons" (1801), a meditation on death, quotes the second movement of the 40th Symphony and was included by Haydn as a memorial to his long-dead friend. The first

title: Symphony No. 39 (Mozart)

text: Symphony No. 39 (Mozart) The Symphony No. 39 in E major of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, K. 543, was completed on 26 June 1788. The Symphony No. 39 is the first of a set of three (his last symphonies) that Mozart composed in rapid succession during the summer of 1788. No. 40 was completed on 25 July and No. 41 on 10 August. Nikolaus Harnoncourt argues that Mozart composed the three symphonies as a unified work, pointing, among other things, to the fact that the Symphony No. 39 has a grand introduction (in the manner of an overture) but no coda.

title: Symphony No. 38 (Mozart)

text: the customary length of a standard four-movement symphony. The introduction gives way to the main portion of the movement, in which six melodies are developed and recapitulated in a very contrapuntal example of sonata-allegro form. Certain phrases in the first movement bear a resemblance to the overture to "Die Zauberflöte". The allegro proper opens in a complicated manner with the "first theme" traded off between the second violins (who start it) and the first violins (who finish it off). Musical material found throughout the first minor section of the first movement is similar to that of the overture to Mozart's

title: Symphony No. 41 (Mozart)

text: Symphony No. 41 (Mozart) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart completed his Symphony No. 41 in C major, K. 551, on 10 August 1788. The longest and last symphony that he composed, it is regarded by many critics as among the greatest symphonies in classical music. The work is nicknamed the "Jupiter" Symphony. This name stems not from Mozart but rather was likely coined by the impresario Johann Peter Salomon. The symphony is scored for flute, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns in C, two trumpets in C, timpani in C and G, and strings. Symphony No. 41 is the last of a

title: Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)

text: must also have been performed, for the reorchestrated version of two passages in the slow movement, which exists in Mozart's hand, must have resulted from his having heard the work and discovered an aspect needing improvement." Regarding the concerts for which the Symphony was originally intended when it was composed in 1788, Otto Erich Deutsch suggests that Mozart was preparing to hold a series of three "Concerts in the Casino", in a new casino in the Spiegelgasse owned by Philipp Otto. Mozart even sent a pair of tickets for this series to his friend Michael Puchberg. But it seems impossible

title: Symphony, K. 81 (Mozart)

text: Symphony, K. 81 (Mozart) The Symphony in D major "No. 44", K. 81/73l, may have been written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1770 in Rome, although it has sometimes also been attributed to his father Leopold Mozart. The symphony is scored for two oboes, two horns and strings. In contemporary orchestras, it was also usual to include bassoons and harpsichord if they were available in the orchestra to reinforce the bass line and act as the continuo. The horns are silent for the second movement. The duration is approximately 10 minutes. \relative c' { </score> The symphony consists of the

title: Symphony No. 38 (Mozart)

text: Symphony No. 38 (Mozart) The Symphony No. 38 in D major, K. 504, was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in late 1786. It was premiered in Prague on January 19, 1787, during Mozart's first visit to the city. Because it was first performed in Prague, it is popularly known as the Prague Symphony. Mozart's autograph thematic catalogue records December 6, 1786, as the date of completion for this composition. Other works written by Mozart roughly contemporary with this symphony include the Piano Trio in B, K. 502 (completed November 18, 1786), the Piano Concerto No. 25, K. 503 (completed December

title: Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)

text: certainly, however, the most common perception today is that the symphony is tragic in tone and intensely emotional; for example, Charles Rosen (in "The Classical Style") has called the symphony "a work of passion, violence, and grief." Although interpretations differ, the symphony is unquestionably one of Mozart's most greatly admired works, and it is frequently performed and recorded. Ludwig van Beethoven knew the symphony well, copying out 29 bars from the score in one of his sketchbooks. As Gustav Nottebohm observed in 1887, the copied bars appear amid the sketches for Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, whose third movement begins with a

title: Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)

text: announcing a symphony unidentified by date or key. These include: Most important is the fact that Mozart revised his symphony (see above). As Zaslaw says, this "demonstrates that [the symphony] was performed, for Mozart would hardly have gone to the trouble of adding the clarinets and rewriting the flutes and oboes to accommodate them, had he not had a specific performance in view." The orchestra for the 1791 Vienna concert included the clarinetist brothers Anton and Johann Nepomuk Stadler; which, as Zaslaw points out, limits the possibilities to just the 39th and 40th symphonies. Zaslaw adds: "The version without clarinets

title: Symphony, K. 45b (Mozart)

text: Symphony, K. 45b (Mozart) The Symphony in B major "No. 55", K. Anh. 214/45b, was probably written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in early 1768 in Salzburg. The symphony is scored for two oboes, two horns and strings. In contemporary orchestras, it was also usual to include bassoons and harpsichord if they were available in the orchestra to reinforce the bass line and act as the continuo. The duration is approximately 13 minutes. \relative c' { </score> The symphony consists of the following movements: This work was only known to Ludwig Ritter von Köchel as an incipit in the catalogue of

title: Symphony No. 39 (Mozart)

text: development through the end of the recapitulation, are requested to be, and often are, repeated. Symphony No. 39 (Mozart) The Symphony No. 39 in E major of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, K. 543, was completed on 26 June 1788. The Symphony No. 39 is the first of a set of three (his last symphonies) that Mozart composed in rapid succession during the summer of 1788. No. 40 was completed on 25 July and No. 41 on 10 August. Nikolaus Harnoncourt argues that Mozart composed the three symphonies as a unified work, pointing, among other things, to the fact that the Symphony

title: Symphony No. 10 (Mozart)

text: Symphony No. 10 (Mozart) The Symphony No. 10 in G major, K. 74, was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart probably during his first journey to Italy in the spring of 1770. The symphony is scored for two oboes, two horns and strings. The duration is approximately 9 minutes. \relative c { </score> The symphony is in the form of an Italian overture and consists of the following movements: (No tempo assignments are given in the autograph score.) The "andante" section is not written as a separate movement, but as the second part of the opening movement, following immediately after a

title: Symphony No. 30 (Mozart)

text: with a falling dotted fanfare motif similar to the one that starts the opening movement. The answering phrase and the movement's second theme have a contradanse character. Symphony No. 30 (Mozart) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote Symphony No. 30 in D major, K. 202/186b in Salzburg, completing it on May 5, 1774. The work is scored for two oboes, bassoon, two horns, two trumpets, timpani and strings, but the timpani part has been lost. There has been at least one attempt to reconstruct the timpani part. \relative c { </score> The work is in 4 movements: The first movement is in

title: Symphony No. 37 (Mozart)

text: Symphony No. 37 (Mozart) The so-called Symphony No. 37 in G major, K. 444/425a, is an introduction by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to a symphony in G by Michael Haydn. The complete symphony was for a long time believed to be a work by Mozart, but is now known to have actually been mostly written by Michael Haydn, being his Symphony No. 25 in G major, Perger 16, Sherman 25, MH 334. The true authorship was discovered by Lothar Perger in 1907. Modern commentators find it "difficult to comprehend how the editors of the Breitkopf edition of Mozart could have considered

title: Piano Concerto No. 22 (Mozart)

text: of Mozart’s Symphony No. 1, K. 16, written when he was eight years old. This juvenile work was composed for an orchestra of oboes, horns and strings. A comparison illustrates how far Mozart had developed in the intervening 20 years: Both works start with “a vigorous and rhythmical attack and a light answer, quiet and tuneful.” In the earlier work, the whole ensemble plays question and answer phrases and repeats them in their entirety: The orchestration of the piano concerto is subtler and more differentiated. In the early symphony, the answering phrase consisted of block harmonies, but in the concerto

title: Symphony No. 38 (Mozart)

text: is scored for two flutes, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, timpani and strings. \relative c' { </score> It has three movements, each of which is in sonata form: The first movement begins with a slow introduction (he does this in only two other symphonies, No. 36 ["Linz"] and No. 39). Daniel E. Freeman has noted that it is probably the longest and most sophisticated slow introduction written for any major symphony up to that time, perhaps to compensate for the length of the missing minuet in order to help bring the entire work into closer alignment with

title: Symphony, K. 45b (Mozart)

text: number 55 in this numbering scheme. Symphony, K. 45b (Mozart) The Symphony in B major "No. 55", K. Anh. 214/45b, was probably written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in early 1768 in Salzburg. The symphony is scored for two oboes, two horns and strings. In contemporary orchestras, it was also usual to include bassoons and harpsichord if they were available in the orchestra to reinforce the bass line and act as the continuo. The duration is approximately 13 minutes. \relative c' { </score> The symphony consists of the following movements: This work was only known to Ludwig Ritter von Köchel as

title: Symphony No. 16 (Mozart)

text: cheerful dance cast in an altered rondo form, with a coda. Symphony No. 16 (Mozart) Symphony No. 16 in C major, K. 128, was the first of three symphonies composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in May, 1772, when Mozart was sixteen years old. This symphony is one of many written during the period in which Mozart stayed in Salzburg, between two trips to Italy. The autograph of the score is preserved in the Staatsbibliothek Preußischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin. The symphony has the basic scoring of two oboes, two horns, and strings. \relative c" { </score> The form is that of

title: Symphony No. 38 (Mozart)

text: an unusual mood, nearer to Beethoven's boisterousness than his fastidious taste normally allowed him to go." Both halves of the movement have repeats. Symphony No. 38 (Mozart) The Symphony No. 38 in D major, K. 504, was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in late 1786. It was premiered in Prague on January 19, 1787, during Mozart's first visit to the city. Because it was first performed in Prague, it is popularly known as the Prague Symphony. Mozart's autograph thematic catalogue records December 6, 1786, as the date of completion for this composition. Other works written by Mozart roughly contemporary with

title: Symphony, K. 76 (Mozart)

text: Symphony, K. 76 (Mozart) The Symphony in F major "No. 43", K. 76/42a, was probably written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The symphony is scored for two oboes, two horns, two bassoons and strings. The oboes are silent for the second movement. The inclusion of the bassoons is notable as in contemporary orchestras bassoon parts were not usually written in and simply doubled the cellos and double basses. In contemporary orchestras, it was also usual to include the harpsichord if they were available in the orchestra to reinforce the bass line and act as the continuo. The duration is approximately 15

title: Symphony No. 7 (Mozart)

text: Symphony No. 7 (Mozart) Symphony No. 7 in D major, K. 45, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was completed in Vienna in January 1768 after the family's return from a visit to Olomouc and Brno in Moravia. The symphony is in four movements. Its first performance was probably at a private concert. The symphony was reworked to become the overture to Mozart's opera, "La finta semplice", K. 51, composed and performed later that year, and the overture itself was subsequently adapted further to create a new symphony, known in the Köchel 1964 (K6) catalogue as K. 46a. The autograph of the

title: Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)

short_answers:
G minor
minor key symphonies


question: what was the city of beijing previously known as

answers: Peking

title: Beijing

text: Beijing (/beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Mandarin: [pèi.tɕíŋ] ( listen)), formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city.  The city, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast; together the three divisions form the Jingjinji metropolitan region and the national capital region of China.

title: Beijing No. 4 High School

text: Beijing No. 4 High School Beijing No. 4 High School (), commonly abbreviated as (Beijing) Sizhong (), and sometimes referred to as Beijing High School Four (BHSF), is a public beacon high school in Xicheng District, Beijing, China. It is one of the most prestigious high schools in China. It was established in 1907 by the Shuntian Government (Beijing Government) during the Qing dynasty, known as the Shuntian Secondary School. After the Xinhai Revolution, the school was renamed as "Capital Public No. 4 Secondary School" (京师公立第四中学), which was not changed into the current name until 1949, when the People's Republic

title: Names of Beijing

text: Names of Beijing "Beijing" is the atonal pinyin romanisation of the Mandarin pronunciation of the Chinese characters , the Chinese name of the capital of the People's Republic of China. The spelling Beijing was adopted for use within China upon the approval of Hanyu Pinyin on February 11, 1958, during the Fifth Session of the 1st National People's Congress. It became obligatory for all foreign publications issued by the People's Republic on 1 January 1979. It was gradually adopted by various news organizations, governments, and international agencies over the next decade. The Chinese characters ("north") and ("capital") together mean the

title: Beijing No. 4 High School

text: on campus: Beijing No. 4 High School Beijing No. 4 High School (), commonly abbreviated as (Beijing) Sizhong (), and sometimes referred to as Beijing High School Four (BHSF), is a public beacon high school in Xicheng District, Beijing, China. It is one of the most prestigious high schools in China. It was established in 1907 by the Shuntian Government (Beijing Government) during the Qing dynasty, known as the Shuntian Secondary School. After the Xinhai Revolution, the school was renamed as "Capital Public No. 4 Secondary School" (京师公立第四中学), which was not changed into the current name until 1949, when the

title: Yanqing, Beijing

text: Yanqing, Beijing Yanqing (simplified Chinese: 延庆; traditional Chinese: 延慶; pinyin: Yánqìng) is a city about 75 km north-west of central Beijing, the capital city of China. The area around the city is the Yanqing District, one of the 16 districts of Beijing. It has good communication to the capital, by railway and road, through Badaling. Yanqing is one of three sites for games of the 2022 Winter Olympics. The urban area is closely surrounded by farms. The total population of this town-farm area, including 90,000 in the urban area, is about 190,000. The urban area is bisected east-west by the

title: History of Beijing

text: Zhuo County, in present-day Hebei Province, the prefectural capital of Youzhou. In the early 4th century, the Western Jin dynasty was overthrown by steppe peoples who had settled in northern China and established a series of mostly short-lived kingdoms. During the so-called Sixteen Kingdoms period, Beijing, still known as Ji, was controlled successively by the Di-led Former Qin, the Jie-led Later Zhao, and the Xianbei-led Former Yan and Later Yan. In 352, Prince Murong Jun, moved the capital of the Former Yan Kingdom from Manchuria to Ji, making the city a sovereign capital for the first time in over 500

title: History of Beijing

text: population of 70,685. In 106 BC, under Emperor Wu, the country was reorganized into 13 prefectural-provinces, or "zhou" (), and the City of Ji served as the prefectural capital for Youzhou (). The tomb of Liu Jian, the Prince of Guangyang who ruled Youzhou from 73 to 45 BC was discovered in Fengtai District in 1974 and has been preserved in the Dabaotai Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum. In 1999, another royal tomb was found in Laoshan in Shijingshan District but the prince formerly buried there has not been identified. During the early Eastern Han dynasty in 57 AD, the five

title: History of Beijing

text: massive military campaigns against Goguryeo (Korea). Though the campaigns proved to be ruinous, they were continued by the Tang dynasty. In 645 AD, the Emperor Taizong of the Tang dynasty founded the Minzhong Temple (now Fayuan Temple) in the southeast of Ji to remember the war dead from the Korean Campaigns. The Fayuan Temple, now within Xicheng District, is one of the oldest temples in urban Beijing. The Tang dynasty reduced the size of a prefecture, as a unit of administration administrative division, from a province to a commandery and renamed Zhuojun back to Youzhou, which was one of over

title: History of Beijing

text: to be called Jicheng or the City of Ji until the 2nd century AD. Due to its historical association with the State of Yan, the city of Beijing is also known as Yanjing () or the "Yan Capital." The State of Yan continued to expand until it became one of the seven major powers during the Warring States period (473–221 BC). It stretched from the Yellow River to the Yalu. Like subsequent rulers of Beijing, the Yan also faced the threat of invasions by the Shanrong steppe nomads, and built walled fortifications across its northern frontier. Remnants of the Yan

title: Nanjing (Liao dynasty)

text: that ruled northern China following the end of the Tang Dynasty. The city was officially renamed Nanjing, Youdu Fu (南京幽都府). In 1012, the city was renamed Nanjing, Xijin Fu (南京析津府). The city was also colloquially referred to at the time as Yanjing. In 1122, the city was captured by the Jurchen Jin dynasty and was officially renamed Yanjing, ending the use of Nanjing for what is today modern Beijing. Liao Nanjing is located in the southwestern portion of modern Beijing, in the southern half of Xicheng District, which from 1952 to 2010 was known as Xuanwu District). Liao Nanjing inherited

title: Xuanwu District, Beijing

text: Xuanwu District, Beijing Xuanwu District () is a former district of the Municipality of Beijing. It was located southwest to the city center, outside of Xuanwu Gate. The district was merged into Xicheng District in July 2010. Located outside the Imperial Inner City and predominantly reserved for the lower class, the district was over 16.5 km² in size. Although historically considered a wealthy area of Beijing as one of the older districts of the former Imperial City, Xuanwu District underwent rapid changes in its recent history leading up its merger into Xicheng District. The area was also the birthplace of

title: Geography of Beijing

text: city is divided into eastern and western halves by Dongcheng and Xicheng Districts. The Forbidden City, where emperors once lived, and Tiananmen Square, the center of the city, both belong to Dongcheng. But the Zhongnanhai Compound, next door to the Forbidden City, where China’s current leaders now reside, and the Great Hall of the People, on the west side of Tiananmen Square, both are part of Xicheng. The outer city, adjacent and south of the inner city, comprises the former Xuanwu and Chongwen districts, merged with Xicheng and Dongcheng respectively in July 2010. Chongwen is home to the Temple of

title: History of Beijing

text: the city, which was renamed Yanjing. In the spring of 1123, Wanyan Aguda agreed, as per treaty terms, to hand Yanjing and four other prefectures to the Song in exchange for tribute. The handover occurred after the Jurchens had looted the city's wealth and forced all officials and craftsman to move to the Jin capital at Shangjing (near present-day Harbin). Thus, the Song, having failed to take the city militarily from the Khitans, managed to purchase Yanjing from the Jurchens. Song rule of the city, renamed Yanshan (燕山), was short-lived. As the convoy of relocated Nanjing residents passed Pingzhou (near

title: Liangxiang, Beijing

text: and Xiuyunguan (岫云观 or 良乡离宫) are popular tourist attractions. Liangxiang contains 26 communities and 40 administrative villages (行政村). Liangxiang, Beijing Liangxiang () is a township of Beijing, Fangshan District, located 25km southwest of the city center. It has 80,000 registered inhabitants with local hukou and a total population of 112,000. Covering approximately 69.2 square kilometres, Liangxiang is one of the largest subdistricts of Fangshan by land area. Liangxiang county was established 2,000 years ago during the Qin Dynasty. Its name came from the Chinese saying '人物俱良', literally 'people and goods all gather in Liang', indicating significant economic activities in the

title: History of Beijing

text: into palace complex, and 26 residential neighborhoods. Thus, the City of Ji, ceded to the Liao as Youzhou, continued as Nanjing in what is today the southwest part of urban Beijing. Some of the oldest landmarks in southern Xicheng (formerly Xuanwu) and Fengtai Districts date to the Liao era. They include Sanmiao Road, one of the oldest streets in Beijing and the Niujie Mosque, founded in 996, and the Tianning Temple, built from 1100 to 1119. Under Liao rule, the population inside the walled city grew from 22,000 in 938 to 150,000 in 1113 (and the population of the surrounding

title: History of Beijing

text: renamed Zhongdu (中都) or the "Central Capital". For the first time in its history, the city of Beijing became a political capital of a major dynasty. The Jin expanded the city to the west, east, and south, doubling its size. On today's map of urban Beijing, Zhongdu would extend from Xuanwumen in the northeast to the Beijing West Railway Station to the west, and south to beyond the southern 2nd Ring Road. The walled city had 13 gates, four in the north and three openings in each of the other sides. Remnants of Zhongdu city walls are preserved in Fengtai

title: Dongcheng District, Beijing

text: Dongcheng District, Beijing The Dongcheng District (; literally "east city district") of Beijing covers the eastern half of Beijing's urban core, including all of the eastern half of the Old City inside of the 2nd Ring Road with the northernmost extent crossing into the area within the 3rd Ring Road. Its area is further subdivided into 17 subdistricts. Settlement in the area dates back over a millennium. It did not formally become a district of the city until the establishment of the Republic of China in 1911. The name Dongcheng was first given to it in a 1958 reorganization; it

title: Education in Beijing

text: Education in Beijing Education in Beijing includes information about primary and secondary schools in Beijing. The Beijing Municipal Commission of Education () is the local education authority. This education authority is currently headquartered in the Beijing Olympic Building (S: 北京奥运大厦, T: 北京奧運大廈, P: "Běijīng Àoyùn Dàshà") in Haidian District, and it was previously headquartered in Xicheng District. The institutions listed here are administered by China's Ministry of Education. Just prior to the 1949 founding of the People's Republic of China, Beijing had 13 institutions of higher education, 76 secondary schools, 358 primary schools including those public and private, and 21

title: Xuanwu District, Beijing

text: Huimin Elementary School (), serves the Hui people living in Beijing. That was previously in the Xuanwu District. Xuanwu District, Beijing Xuanwu District () is a former district of the Municipality of Beijing. It was located southwest to the city center, outside of Xuanwu Gate. The district was merged into Xicheng District in July 2010. Located outside the Imperial Inner City and predominantly reserved for the lower class, the district was over 16.5 km² in size. Although historically considered a wealthy area of Beijing as one of the older districts of the former Imperial City, Xuanwu District underwent rapid changes

title: History of Beijing

text: Yao founded a town called Youdu () in the Hebei-Beijing region about 4,000 years ago. You () or Youzhou () later became one of the historical names for Beijing. Yuzishan, in Shandongzhuang Village of Pinggu County, in the northeastern fringe of Beijing Municipality, is one of several places in China claiming to host the Yellow Emperor's Tomb. Yuzishan's association with Yellow Emperor dates back at least 1,300 years when Tang poets Chen Zi'ang and Li Bai mentioned the tomb in their poems about Youzhou. The first event in Beijing's history with archaeological support dates to the 11th century BC when

title: History of Beijing

text: The most notable include Zhuannian of Huairou District; Donghulin of Mentougou District; Shangzhai and Beiniantou of Pinggu District; Zhenjiangying of Fangshan; and Xueshan of Changping District. These sites indicate that farming was widespread in the area 6,000 to 7,000 years ago. Painted pottery and carved jade of the Shangzhai and Xueshan Cultures resemble those of the Hongshan Culture further to the north. The earliest events of Beijing's history are shrouded in legend and myth. The epic Battle of Banquan, which according to Sima Qian's "Records of the Grand Historian", occurred in the 26th century BC, may have taken place near

title: History of Beijing

text: 300 Tang Prefectures. With the creation of a separate prefecture called Jizhou () in present-day Tianjin in 730, the name Ji was transplanted from Beijing to Tianjin, where a Ji County () still exists today. In Beijing, the City of Ji gradually became known as Youzhou. During the prosperous early Tang, Youzhou's ten counties tripled in size from 21,098 households and about 102,079 residents to 67,242 households and 371,312 residents in 742. In 742, Youzhou was renamed Fanyang Commandery (), but reverted to Youzhou in 762. To guard against barbarian invasions, the imperial court created six frontier military commands in

title: Beijing South railway station

text: Beijing South railway station Beijingnan (Beijing South) railway station () is a large railway station (mainly serving high speed trains) in Fengtai District, Beijing, about south of central Beijing, between the 2nd and 3rd ring roads. The station in its present form opened on 1 August 2008 and replaced the old Beijing South station, originally known as Majiapu railway station, later renamed Yongdingmen railway station, which stood 500 metres away. The old station was in use from 1897 to 2006. The new Beijing South railway station is the city's largest station, and is one of the largest in Asia. It

title: History of Beijing

text: History of Beijing The city of Beijing has a long and rich history that dates back over 3,000 years. Prior to the unification of China by the First Emperor in 221 BC, Beijing had been for centuries the capital of the ancient states of Ji and Yan. During the first millennia of imperial rule, Beijing was a provincial city in northern China. Its stature grew in the 10th to the 13th centuries when the nomadic Khitan and forest-dwelling Jurchen peoples from beyond the Great Wall expanded southward and made the city a capital of their dynasties, the Liao and Jin.

title: History of Beijing

text: Beijing was renamed Beiping. In 1937, a clash between Chinese and Japanese troops at the Marco Polo Bridge outside Beiping triggered the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Japanese occupiers created a collaborationist government in northern China and reverted the city's name to Beijing to serve as capital for the puppet regime. After Japan's surrender in 1945, the city returned to Chinese rule and was again renamed Beiping. During the subsequent civil war between the Chinese Nationalists and Communists, the city was peacefully transferred to Communist control in 1949 and renamed Beijing to become the capital of the People's Republic

title: Beikong Fly Dragons

text: club entered the CBA in the 2014–15 season as an expansion team and finished at the bottom of the league standings with a record of 4-34. In September 2015, the club relocated again and was initially renamed Beijing BG but to avoid confusion with the city's association football team from the second-tier China League One, which is also called Beijing BG, or Beijing Beikong, as well as to avoid confusion with the Beijing Ducks when only the geographical names of CBA clubs are used—a large number of Chinese sports websites refer to the team as the "Beikong Fly Dragons" (the

title: Geography of Beijing

text: the city’s outskirts, but are now integral parts of the city inside the 5th Ring Road. All four have population densities above 4500 persons/km (11,600 persons/km). The vast Haidian District to the northwest is home to the Old and New Summer Palace, the university district, and Zhongguancun, the city’s high-technology silicon village. The even bigger Chaoyang District embraces the city from the north and east. Its possessions include Beijing Central Business District (CBD), the Olympic Green, and even the Beijing Capital International Airport. Shijingshan is a heavily industrialized district in the foothills of the Western Hills. Fengtai spans across the

title: Dancing Beijing

text: Dancing Beijing Dancing Beijing is the name of the official emblem of the 2008 Summer Olympics, which took place in Beijing in the People's Republic of China. It was unveiled on 3 August 2003 in a ceremony attended by 2,008 people at Beijing's Temple of Heaven. The emblem draws on various elements of Chinese culture, depicting a traditional red Chinese seal above the words "Beijing 2008" and the Olympic rings. The seal is inscribed with a stylised calligraphic rendition of the Chinese character 京 ("jīng", meaning 'capital', from the name of the host city) in the form of a dancing

title: History of Beijing

text: which has 14 parallel hutongs, called the 14 "tiao" of Dongsi. The name "hutong" is unique to the Yuan-era city; in older neighborhoods that date to the Liao and Jin eras, narrow lanes are called "jie" or streets. Each of the large avenues had underground sewers which carried rain and refuse to the south of the city. The main markets were located in Dongsi, Xisi and along the north shore of Jishuitan. As Kublai Khan had intended, the city was a showcase of the cosmopolitan Yuan Empire. A number of foreign travelers including Giovanni di Monte Corvino, Odoric of Pordenone,

title: Jicheng (Beijing)

text: Jicheng (Beijing) Ji or Jicheng was an ancient city in northern China, which has become the longest continuously inhabited section of modern Beijing. Historical mention of Ji dates to the founding of the Zhou Dynasty in about 1045. Archaeological finds in southwestern Beijing where Ji was believed to be located date to the Spring and Autumn period (771-476). The city of Ji served as the capital of the ancient states of Ji and Yan until the unification of China by the Qin Dynasty in 221. Thereafter, the city was a prefectural capital for Youzhou through the Han Dynasty, Three Kingdoms,

title: Beijing