question: how many seasons of the rugrats are there

answers: 9 seasons

answers: 9

title: List of Rugrats episodes

text: The series premiered on Sunday, August 11, 1991, as the second Nicktoon after Doug and preceding The Ren & Stimpy Show. Production initially halted in 1993 after 65 episodes, with the last episode airing on May 22, 1994. From 1995 to 1996, the only new episodes broadcast were "A Rugrats Passover" and "A Rugrats Chanukah", two Jewish-themed episodes that received critical acclaim; during this time, well-after the end of the show's production run, Rugrats began to receive a boost in ratings and popularity, due to constant reruns on Nickelodeon. In 1996, Klasky Csupo Animation began producing new episodes, and the show's fourth season began airing in 1997. As a result of the show's popularity, a series of theatrical films were released; The Rugrats Movie, which introduced Tommy's younger brother Dil, was released in 1998, Rugrats in Paris: The Movie, which introduced Kimi and Kira, released in 2000, and Rugrats Go Wild, a crossover film with fellow Klasky Csupo series The Wild Thornberrys, released in 2003. The final episode aired on August 1, 2004, bringing the series to a total of 172 episodes and 9 seasons during a 12-year run.

title: Rugrats

text: Rugrats Rugrats is an American animated children's television series created by Arlene Klasky, Gábor Csupó and Paul Germain for Nickelodeon. The show focuses on a group of toddlers, most prominently Tommy, Chuckie, twins Phil and Lil, and Angelica, and their day-to-day lives, usually involving common life experiences that become adventures in the babies' imaginations. The series premiered on Sunday, August 11, 1991, as the second Nicktoon after "Doug" and before "The Ren & Stimpy Show". Production was initially halted in 1993 after 65 episodes, with the last episode airing on May 22, 1994. From 1995 to 1996, the only new

title: Rugrats

text: even before Klasky-Csupo sent the master tapes to Nick. In addition, fine animation took time to make. During the first six seasons of "Rugrats", shows were primarily divided into two eleven-minute episodes. After the second movie, during season seven, "Rugrats" made a change with a different format that consisted of three episodes per show, though it returned to its original two-episode-per-show format in the final two seasons. "Rugrats" visualizes ordinary, everyday activities through the eyes of a group of toddlers. Using their imaginations, the babies transform routine tasks into surprising adventures. The show plays with baby talk, having the group

title: Rugrats

text: and "Rugrats Go Wild", a crossover film with fellow Klasky Csupo series "The Wild Thornberrys", released in 2003. The final episode aired on August 1, 2004, bringing the series to a total of 172 episodes and nine seasons during a 13-year run, tying "Rugrats" with "King of the Hill", "American Dad!", "Robot Chicken" and "Squidbillies" as the eighth longest-running American animated television series. On July 21, 2001, Nickelodeon broadcast the made-for-TV special "All Growed Up" in celebration of the series' 10th anniversary. The special was a pilot for the "Rugrats" spin-off series "All Grown Up!", which chronicles the lives of

title: Rugrats

text: and, naturally, into the show. In 1994, before Nick premiered the last of the original 65, production of new episodes went on hiatus, and most of the "Rugrats" writing team left Klasky-Csupo. After the first-run days were over, Nickelodeon had enough episodes to show every day, and did just that, scheduling the show in the early evening, when both kids and parents would be watching, among multiple other times in the day; in 1996, "Rugrats" episodes had aired 655 times over the course of the calendar year, and despite (or perhaps because of) the saturation it remained one of cable

title: Rugrats

text: and Paramount Home Media Distribution released Seasons 1 and 2 on DVD. In February 2018, Nickelodeon and Paramount Home Media Distribution released Seasons 3 and 4 on DVD. In Australia, all seasons have been released by Beyond Home Entertainment. Since its debut in 1991, "Rugrats" has generally received positive reviews from critics and fans. In a 1995 interview, Steven Spielberg (who, at the time, was producing several competing animated series for Warner Bros.) referred to the show as one of several shows that were the best children's programming at the time. Spielberg described "Rugrats" as "sort of a TV "Peanuts"

title: Rugrats

text: constantly mispronounce words and use improper grammar. Challenges often emerge because the babies misinterpret the adults, usually caused by Angelica's deceptive translations. The grown-ups of "Rugrats" are simultaneously quirky, over-cautious, and oblivious. The series portrays adults as mysterious eccentrics. Episodes usually center on a moral lesson that the babies learn during their imaginative explorations. Nickelodeon and Amazon.com have struck a deal to produce DVDs of new and old Nickelodeon shows, through the CreateSpace service. Using a concept similar to print on demand, Amazon made the discs, cover art, and disc art itself. The first and second seasons of "Rugrats" were

title: All Grown Up!

text: who would've moved from California to Atlanta, Georgia, in the new series; it was first proposed for the 1999–2000 television season, but with Nick and Klasky-Csupo deciding to concentrate on all the original-aged Rugrats, all together, that concept was shelved. The "Kwanzaa" special, which aired in 2001, had served as a pilot for this new series, but some felt that the (ultimately rejected) series would have been contradictory to established continuity . The show premiered on April 12, 2003, as a preview before starting its regular run in late November 2003. When the series did start its regular run, more

title: Rugrats

text: From 1998 until 2004, "Rugrats" based-products included watches and various toys. In 2012, co-creator Arlene Klasky stated that, if Nickelodeon asked Klasky Csupo to, she would be more than happy to produce new episodes of "Rugrats" and bring it back for a tenth season. On September 2, 2015, it was announced on "Variety" that Nickelodeon may "seek to experiment with retooled versions of classics" that could include "Rugrats". The following day, "The Independent" announced that ""Rugrats" could soon be back on our screens too". In July 2016, it was revealed that Nickelodeon was in talks with Klasky Csupo and Paul

title: Rugrats

text: episodes broadcast were "A Rugrats Passover" and "A Rugrats Chanukah", two Jewish-themed episodes that received critical acclaim; during this time, well after the end of the show's production run, "Rugrats" began to receive a boost in ratings and popularity, due to constant reruns on Nickelodeon. In 1996, Klasky Csupo Animation began producing new episodes, and the show's fourth season began airing in 1997. As a result of the show's popularity, a series of theatrical films were released; "The Rugrats Movie", which introduced Tommy's younger brother Dil, was released in 1998, "," which introduced Kimi, Kira, and Fifi, released in 2000,

title: Rugrats

text: felt that it had enough reruns for a few years, putting production on a hiatus in 1993. Production of "Rugrats" resumed in 1996 with three specials, and followed with new episodes airing by 1997. When "Rugrats" debuted in 1991, it was not as popular as it would later become. When production went on a hiatus in 1993, Nick began showing "Rugrats" repeats every day. More people began to take notice of the show, with ratings and popularity for "Rugrats" and Nick rising. From 1995 to 2000, it was the highest-rated show on Nickelodeon and the highest rated kids' show. The

title: Rugrats

text: show experienced a wide diverse audience consisting of kids, teenagers and adults alike. "Rugrats" was successful in receiving an average of 26.7 million viewers every week: 14.7 million kids, 3.2 million teens, and 8.8 million adults. In addition, "Rugrats" was seen internationally in over 76 countries. It was the only one of the three original Nicktoons that continued in the 2000s and had its own spin-off. While the other Nicktoons were popular during their run, "Doug" would later slip out of Nick's hands and into Disney's; and "Ren and Stimpy" would crash and burn in a creative rights dispute (only

title: Rugrats Go Wild

text: Rugrats Go Wild Rugrats Go Wild is a 2003 American animated comedy crossover film based on the Nickelodeon animated television series "Rugrats" and "The Wild Thornberrys". It is the third and final film in the "Rugrats" film trilogy, as well as the second in "The Wild Thornberrys" series. Christine Cavanaugh, the voice of Chuckie Finster, was replaced by Nancy Cartwright. The film was produced by Nickelodeon Movies and Klasky Csupo and released in theaters on June 13, 2003, by Paramount Pictures. With a worldwide gross of $55.4 million, it is the lowest grossing of the three "Rugrats" films. The film

title: Rugrats

text: the babies and their parents after they age up by 10 years. Another spin-off series, "Rugrats Pre-School Daze", was considered, but only four episodes were produced. Two direct-to-video specials were released in 2005 and 2006, under the title "Rugrats Tales from the Crib". Tie-in media for the series include video games, comics, toys, and various other merchandise. "Rugrats" gained over 20 awards during its 13-year run, including 4 Daytime Emmy Awards, 6 Kids' Choice Awards, and its own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The series garnered high ratings on Nickelodeon and was the network's top-rated show from 1995

title: Rugrats

text: "Rugrats" and stated, "When "The Simpsons" was a segment on "The Tracey Ullman Show", it was just a belch joke with hip pretensions. As a series, it grew flesh and guts. It was my favorite cartoon... until I discovered Nickelodeon's "Rugrats", a sardonic, sly, kid's eye view of the world that skewers thirty-something parents and Cosby kids." In 2017, James Charisma of ""Paste" (magazine)" ranked the show's opening sequence #11 on a list of "The 75 Best TV Title Sequences of All Time". "Rugrats", which at the time had moderately high ratings, was scheduled to air 65 episodes as Nickelodeon

title: Rugrats (comic strip)

text: Rugrats (comic strip) Rugrats was a daily comic strip based on the Nickelodeon animated television series "Rugrats". Like the program, the comic strip was written to be humorous to both kids and adults. Writers for the series were Scott Gray, Gordon Kent, Lee Nordling, Chuck Kim, Scott Roberts, J. Torres, Mark Bilgrey, John Zakour, and Rob Moran. The original artist was Steve Crespo, pencils and inks. Crespo left early on, and Will Blyberg took over inking, while other pencilers included: Gary Fields, Kyle Baker, (who did his own inking) a South American known only as "Rodrigues", Tim Harkins, Vince Giarrano,

title: Rugrats: Time Travelers

text: Rugrats: Time Travelers Rugrats: Time Travelers is a 1999 Game Boy Color game based on the Nickelodeon animated TV show "Rugrats". It was developed by Software Creations Limited and released by THQ, Inc. The game was met with very mixed reception, as GameRankings gave it a score of 56%. IGN gave the game a rating of 3 out of 10 and said, "It's just a frustrating and very, very average game. Kids may like the big graphics in the game, they won't get much gameplay out of it, and they probably will never see some of the funnier scenes. Buy

title: Rugrats

text: to return several years later in a much raunchier version on another network). During its run, "Rugrats" was enjoyed by a number of famous stars including Alexa Vega, Daryl Sabara, Amanda Bynes, Aaron Carter, Ray Romano, Nivea, and Bow Wow. "Rugrats" was noteworthy among contemporary children's television for depicting observant, identifiable Jewish families. Jewish and Christian religious groups gave the show high praises for their special holiday episodes. Nonetheless, at one point the Anti-Defamation League and "The Washington Post" editorial page castigated the series for its depiction of Tommy Pickles' maternal grandparents, accusing their character designs of resembling Nazi-era depictions

title: Rugrats

text: special retrospective look-back aired, entitled "Rugrats: Still Babies After All These Years". It was narrated by Amanda Bynes. Nickelodeon approved of its ratings and popularity so much, they eventually commissioned a full series, "All Grown Up", which ran from 2003 to 2008. "Rugrats" ended in 2004, along with fellow Nicktoons "Hey Arnold!", "The Wild Thornberrys", and "Rocket Power". After the run, two fairytale-themed direct-to-video films based on the original series, under the title "Rugrats: Tales from the Crib", were produced and then released separately in 2005 and 2006. "Rugrats" was also on Noggin (now Nick Jr.) at 1:00 am and

title: The Rugrats Movie

text: on June 13, 2003. The Rugrats Movie The Rugrats Movie is a 1998 American animated comedy film based on the Nickelodeon animated television series "Rugrats". It was directed by Igor Kovalyov and Norton Virgien and written by David N. Weiss & J. David Stem. The film introduced Tommy Pickles' baby brother Dil Pickles, who appeared on the original series the next year. The film features the voices of E.G. Daily, Tara Strong, Christine Cavanaugh, Kath Soucie, Cheryl Chase, Cree Summer, and Charlie Adler, along with guest stars David Spade, Whoopi Goldberg, Margaret Cho, Busta Rhymes, and Tim Curry. The events

title: Rugrats (comic strip)

text: "". The assumption is that the readers have seen the feature film, not fully dealing with the major plot points of the movie. In the November 30 strip, Kimi first appears in the comic strip, without any introduction to the character. The first week after the series is about Chuckie being excited that he has a new sister. Rugrats (comic strip) Rugrats was a daily comic strip based on the Nickelodeon animated television series "Rugrats". Like the program, the comic strip was written to be humorous to both kids and adults. Writers for the series were Scott Gray, Gordon Kent,

title: Rugrats (film series)

text: Rugrats (film series) The "Rugrats" film series is a series of animated comedy adventure films based on the popular Nickelodeon animated series, "Rugrats", created by Arlene Klasky, Gábor Csupó, and Paul Germain. The first three films were released in 1998, 2000, and 2003 with a fourth one set for release in 2020. The three films received mostly mixed reviews from film reviewers, but were all commercial successes, collectively grossing nearly $300 million worldwide. The story escalates when self-proclaimed leader, Tommy Pickles, is thrust into an impossible situation with the birth of his new brother, Dil. This new kid is grabbing

title: Rugrats

text: things I think might be fun would be to just make the show a retro '90s show," he says. "I think that'd be cool. Cell phones can be interesting, but technology has a funny way of making it very difficult to write around because people are always in constant communication with each other in a way that works against drama. It takes a really fun writers' obstacle away and makes it too easy." In October 2016, a Nickelodeon senior vice president stated that "Rugrats" was one of many fan-favorite franchises being considered for a revival. "Nickelodeon is going to look

title: Rugrats Go Wild

text: action/CGI hybrid film. Rugrats Go Wild Rugrats Go Wild is a 2003 American animated comedy crossover film based on the Nickelodeon animated television series "Rugrats" and "The Wild Thornberrys". It is the third and final film in the "Rugrats" film trilogy, as well as the second in "The Wild Thornberrys" series. Christine Cavanaugh, the voice of Chuckie Finster, was replaced by Nancy Cartwright. The film was produced by Nickelodeon Movies and Klasky Csupo and released in theaters on June 13, 2003, by Paramount Pictures. With a worldwide gross of $55.4 million, it is the lowest grossing of the three "Rugrats"

title: A Rugrats Passover

text: A Rugrats Passover "A Rugrats Passover" is the 26th and final episode of the third season of the American animated television series "Rugrats", and its 65th episode overall. It was broadcast originally on April 13, 1995, on the cable network Nickelodeon. The plot follows series regulars Grandpa Boris and the babies as they become trapped in the attic on Passover; to pass the time, Boris tells the Jewish story of the Exodus. During the episode the babies themselves reenact the story, with young Tommy portraying Moses, while his cousin Angelica represents the Pharaoh of Egypt. "A Rugrats Passover" was directed

title: The Rugrats Movie

text: The Rugrats Movie The Rugrats Movie is a 1998 American animated comedy film based on the Nickelodeon animated television series "Rugrats". It was directed by Igor Kovalyov and Norton Virgien and written by David N. Weiss & J. David Stem. The film introduced Tommy Pickles' baby brother Dil Pickles, who appeared on the original series the next year. The film features the voices of E.G. Daily, Tara Strong, Christine Cavanaugh, Kath Soucie, Cheryl Chase, Cree Summer, and Charlie Adler, along with guest stars David Spade, Whoopi Goldberg, Margaret Cho, Busta Rhymes, and Tim Curry. The events of the film take

title: Rugrats: Totally Angelica

text: if the players finish the game, they have to send away "Totally Angelica" points, so they get Cynthia Dream Mall Fashion Show Queen dolls and playsets. After THQ released two "Rugrats" games for the Game Boy Color, having signed an agreement with Nickelodeon to develop and publish video games using the "Rugrats" license until December 2002, they announced the game. It was to join Acclaim's "Mary-Kate and Ashley" as a Game Boy Color game targeted at girl gamers, and was to be launched in spring of 2000. Reviews were critically mixed to negative, receiving an aggregate score of 48.33% from

title: Rugrats

text: I would like to see. I think it's possible." Arlene Klasky, who co-created the show with Gabor Csupó and Germain, but left showrunning to the latter, said a revival is something she and Csupo "think about, 100 percent." But Klasky and Germain would disagree on one of the first fundamental questions that would face "Rugrats", just as it faces every reboot: whether the show should acknowledge the passing of time and, in the case of this show, how technology has seeped its way into child-rearing. Germain says he'd rather keep a "Rugrats" reboot as a time capsule. "One of the

title: Rugrats

text: Rugrats film trilogy has grossed $299.6 million making it the 25th highest-grossing animated film series of all time. From 1998 to 2003, Nick produced a "Rugrats" comic strip, which was distributed through Creators Syndicate. Initially written by show-writer Scott Gray and drawn by comic book artist Steve Crespo, with Rob Armstrong as editor. Will Blyberg came on board shortly after as inker. By the end of '98, Lee Nordling, who had joined as a contributing gag writer, took over as editor. Nordling hired extra writers, including Gordon Kent, Scott Roberts, Chuck Kim, J. Torres, Marc Bilgrey, and John Zakour, as

title: Rugrats

text: point continued to be released through 1994). Between 1995 and 1996, only two Jewish-themed specials premiered, and the rest of the series aired in reruns. Production on new episodes restarted in 1996 and the show aired in Nickelodeon's SNICK block from 1997 to 2001. From 1994 until 2012, "Rugrats" was Nickelodeon's longest-running Nicktoon, with 172 episodes produced across its 13-year run. It was surpassed in 2012 by "SpongeBob SquarePants" with the episode "Squiditis/Demolition Doofus" that year. On July 21, 2001, "Rugrats" celebrated its 10-year anniversary; the special/TV movie "All Growed Up" was produced for the occasion. After the show, a

title: List of Rugrats episodes


question: when was the last time the womens hockey team won gold

answers: 2018

title: United States women's national ice hockey team

text: In 1998, the Women's Olympic Hockey Team was named the USOC Team of the Year. In 2015, the Women's National Ice Hockey Team was named the USOC Team of the Month, in April. In 2018, the Women's Olympic Hockey Team won the gold medal in a 3-2 shootout, ending their 20-year drought.

title: University of Western Australia Hockey Club

text: awarded For the best first year player. The University of Western Australia has won the Women's Hockey Cup a total of 11 times. The club sent their first Women's team to the 1946 InterVarsity Hockey which was held in Adelaide, SA and achieved immediate success winning at their first attempt. The Women's Team Mascot is a Porcelain Statue. In recent times the team has recorded strong performances, playing in their 3rd consecutive Gold Medal Match and recording their 2nd straight win of the Women's Hockey Cup in 2010. The Erica Herron Award is awarded to the Best UWAHC player who

title: Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament

text: have an expanded roster of 35 where 22 players dress for each game. Three North Korean players were selected for each game by coach Sarah Murray. The United States winning the gold medal game against Canada marks the first time in 20 years that the United States took home a gold medal in women's hockey. They previously won in 1998 in Nagano, Japan, which was also against Canada. Canada's loss effectively ended their winning streak of four consecutive winter games, having won since 2002. Canada and the United States assured themselves of top four ranking after the 2016 Women's Ice

title: India women's national field hockey team

text: in 4th), when a women's event was held for the first time in Olympic history. The team also won the Gold medal at the inaugural 1982 Asian Games held in New Delhi, defeating Korea in the finals. Captain Suraj Lata Devi led the team to the Gold for three consecutive years at different events- during the 2002 Commonwealth Games the 2003 Afro-Asian Games, and the 2004 Hockey Asia Cup. Team members were referred to as the "assi (Jasjeet) jaisi koi nahi" or the "Golden Girls of Hockey," after the 2004 win. The team earned a 3rd-place finish at the 2013

text: of players retired, however a core group of experienced players such as captain Madonna Blyth, Casey Eastham and Kobie McGurk still remain, with these players quickly becoming leaders of what is now quite a young team. After finishing fifth at the 2010 World Cup the Hockeyroos bounced back a few weeks later at the 2010 Commonwealth Games, defeating New Zealand in the final to win their third gold medal. Following this tournament coach Frank Murray announced his retirement. Murray was replaced by former Kookaburra Adam Commens in November 2010. They recently won the inaugural International Super Series in Perth, playing

text: Sydney Olympic Games. A notable part of the Hockeyroos colourful history has involved Ric Charlesworth. Charlesworth was at the helm of the Hockeyroos from 1993 to 2000, where his reign as coach saw the team win the 1993, 1995, 1997 and 1999 Champions Trophies, 1994 and 1998 World Cups and the 1998 Commonwealth Games. Charlesworth took the Hockeyroos to the Atlanta and Sydney Olympic Games where the team won back-to-back gold medals. The team was coached from 2011 by Adam Commens, who was replaced after the 2016 Summer Olympics, where the side failed to medal, by Paul Gaudoin. Given the

text: extent of the Hockeyroos success, the team has consistently remained at the top of the world hockey rankings. From the late 1980s until 2000, the Australian team was ranked at number 1 in the world. Only once during this period, did the Hockeyroos fail to win a tournament, when they finished second. As part of the Olympic team in 1988, 1992, 1996, 1999 and 2000, Rechelle Hawkes is one of the most revered Hockeyroos of all time. Such is her status in international hockey that she is among the most successful female players in the history of the sport. Hawkes

title: New Zealand Hockey Federation

text: (1976) where the won their first gold medal, beating Australia 1-0 in the final. During that time, the Women’s team competed in the International Federation of Women’s Hockey Associations (IFWHA) tournaments in London (1953), Australia (1956), Scotland (1959), USA (1963), where they stayed undefeated in all 6 matches. They also participated in the IFWHA tournaments in Amsterdam (1973) and in Scotland (1975). In 1984, in Los Angeles, the Women’s team appeared at the Olympic Games for the first time. Followed by this, in 1988, hockey was played for the first time in the Commonwealth Games: The Men’s team did not

text: is the only female hockey player to win three Olympic gold medals at three separate games. After 279 international matches, Hawkes retired following the Sydney Olympic Games where the Hockeyroos again won gold. In recognition of her contribution to Australian sport, Rechelle was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 2002. Alyson Annan is also one of more prominent figures in the history of the Hockeyroos. Annan debuted in the Australian side at the age of 18 and became renowned for her prowess in front of goal, scoring 166 goals during her career. She was widely regarded as

title: Sandra Pisani

text: the gold medal winning team at the 1988 Summer Olympics. This was the first Olympic Gold ever won by an Australian hockey Team, the gold medal being considered the highest achievement in Hockey. It was the start of an astonishing era of success for Women’s hockey in Australia. She has twice been a finalist in the Caltex SA Sports Star of the Year Award. Sandra Pisani Sandra (Sandy) Pisani OAM (born 23 January 1959) is an Australian former field hockey player who played 85 international games for Australia and was the captain from 1985 to 1987. She competed in the

title: Rechelle Hawkes

text: Rechelle Hawkes Rechelle Margaret Hawkes , (born 30 May 1967 in Albany, Western Australia) was the captain of the Australian Women’s Hockey Team, best known as the "Hockeyroos", for eight years and became the second Australian woman after swimmer Dawn Fraser to win three Olympic gold medals at three separate Olympic Games: Seoul 1988, Atlanta 1996 and Sydney 2000. Hawkes also competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, where Australia finished fifth. She made her debut in 1985, and reached a milestone in 1999, when the midfield player celebrated 250 games for the national team. She read the Athlete's

title: Adam Commens

text: Murray Richards. Commens became coach of the Australia women's national field hockey team at the start of 2011. His time as Australian coach began in controversy as he dropped five experienced players, Kate Hollywood, Fiona Johnson, Alison Bruce, Shelly Liddelow and Amy Korner, from the national squad. Since the Rio Olympic Games, Commens has been appointed as the High Performance Director of the Belgian Hockey Federation. Adam Commens Adam David Commens (born 6 May 1976) is a former field hockey midfielder from Australia, who was a member of the team that won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics

title: Zimbabwe women's national field hockey team at the 1980 Summer Olympics

text: preparation and experience; it has been called an "irresistible fairy story". Won at a time of great political transition in Zimbabwe, the gold medal was the country's first Olympic medal of any colour. The 1980 Olympics were first to feature women's hockey, and the first to include Zimbabwe under that name—barred from the last three Olympics for political reasons, the country had last competed as Rhodesia in 1964. The women's hockey matches, held between 25 and 31 July, were all played on artificial turf, which none of the Zimbabwean team members had ever seen; they had also never played together

text: Linda Clement, (13.) Cheryl Valentine, (14.) Emma Rochlin, (15.) Alison Rowatt, and (16.) Louise Carroll. Head Coach: Lesley Hobley. (1.) Caroline Jack, (2.) Mariette Rix, (3.) Kate Hector, (4.) Nita Van Jaarsveldt, (5.) Tarryn Hosking, (6.) Lenise Marals, (7.) Lesle-Ann George, (8.) Marsha Marescia, (9.) Tarryn Bright, (10.) Kathleen Taylor, (11.) Sharne Wehmeyer, (12.) Lindsey Carlisle, (13.) Henna Du Buisson, (14.) Fiona Butler, (15.) Liesel Dorothy, and (16.) Jenny Wilson. Head Coach: Jenny King. Hockey at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Women's team squads This article lists the squads for the Women's hockey at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne,

title: Sandra Pisani

text: Head Selector during the peak of their success when the team won two Olympic Gold medals in Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament and Field hockey at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament under coach Ric Charlesworth. She has been a National Youth Selector since 2012 - a role where she has worked alongside fellow South Australian Craig Victory. In 2014, she was the Team Manager for the Women’s Australia A development tour to China and Japan August 2014. She is recognized on the South Australian Sports Institute Hockey Honour Roll for her 1988 Olympic

title: Geraldine Heaney

text: was named a tournament all-star in 1992. Women's hockey was added as a full-medal sport for the first time at the 1998 Nagano Games, and Heaney was named to the Canadian Olympic team. While Canada had won every World Championship to that point, defeating the United States in the final each time, the Americans had begun to defeat Canada at other tournaments. Heaney scored two goals and added four assists in six games; however Canada lost the final to the United States, 3–1, and settled for the silver medal. Heaney planned on the 2002 Salt Lake Games being her final

title: Justine Sowry

text: Justine Sowry Justine Sowry (born 3 October 1970) in Whyalla, South Australia is a former Australian field hockey goalkeeper and current Head Coach of University of Louisville Women's Field Hockey, the Cardinals, which competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) in the United States. She was a member of Australia women's national field hockey team from 1991 - 2001 which is best known as the Hockeyroos which won the World Cup in 1994 and 1998. She was capped 128 times during her international career. She was a member of the Hockeyroos Olympic Squad for the Atlanta (1996) and Sydney Olympics

title: Rechelle Hawkes

text: captain of multiple tournament-winning teams, and as a role model and commentator." Rechelle Hawkes Rechelle Margaret Hawkes , (born 30 May 1967 in Albany, Western Australia) was the captain of the Australian Women’s Hockey Team, best known as the "Hockeyroos", for eight years and became the second Australian woman after swimmer Dawn Fraser to win three Olympic gold medals at three separate Olympic Games: Seoul 1988, Atlanta 1996 and Sydney 2000. Hawkes also competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, where Australia finished fifth. She made her debut in 1985, and reached a milestone in 1999, when the midfield

title: Ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics

text: nation's last gold medal in men's Olympic hockey. Canada last won 50 years previously at the 1952 Winter Olympics when they tied the US 3–3 (Olympic ice hockey previously only had a round-robin portion). The US won their last gold medal when they defeated Finland two days after "The Miracle on Ice" in 1980. Both games, coincidentally, were played on a Sunday. The Canada-USA final was tied at 2–2, however Canada then scored three goals to win 5–2. It was only the second time and first in 70 years that the US men's hockey team lost an Olympic game on

title: Lisa Haley

text: also capture the AUS coach of the year award twice. Currently the head coach of the Ryerson Rams women ice hockey program, which competes in Canadian Interuniversity Sport, she was appointed to the position on April 1, 2011. Under Haley’s tutelage, the Rams would capture their first Ontario University Athletics (OUA) conference victory on October 15, 2011, in a 1-0 final against the Waterloo Warriors. The first head coach in program history, she has held the position in every season since the inaugural puck drop, except in 2013-14, when she was in a full-time capacity with the Canadian national women’s

text: Australia women's national field hockey team The Australia women's national field hockey team (nicknamed the Hockeyroos) are, as of September 2015, ranked second in the world. Having played their first game in 1914, and their first Olympic game in 1980 they are one of Australia's most successful sporting teams, boasting three Olympic Gold Medals from the past six Games as well as winning two World Cups (1994, 1998) and four Commonwealth Games Gold Medals (1998, 2006, 2010, 2014). The Hockeyroos have been crowned Australia's Team of the Year five times and were unanimously awarded Best Australian Team at the 2000

title: Hayley Wickenheiser

text: her record total of 16 career Olympic goals by scoring once on Wednesday as Canada followed up their 18–0 win over Slovakia and 10–1 defeat of Switzerland. With a third and fourth consecutive Olympic gold medal in women's hockey won by defeating the United States of America 2–0 in Vancouver and 3-2 in Sochi, Hayley now has 5 Olympic medals: 4 gold, 1 silver. She is one of only five athletes to win gold in four consecutive Winter Games, along with teammates Jayna Hefford and Caroline Ouellette. At her retirement in 2017 she was the Olympic tournament’s all-time leading scorer

text: Hockey at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Women's team squads This article lists the squads for the Women's hockey at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia. (1.) Toni Cronk, (2.) Suzie Faulkner, (3.) Karen Smith, (7.) Kim Walker, (9.) Rebecca Sanders, (10.) Kate Hollywood, (11.) Emily Halliday, (12.) Madonna Blyth, (13.) Wendy Beattie, (14.) Nicole Arrold, (15.) Kobie McGurk, (17.) Rachel Imison, (24.) Angie Skirving, (25.) Melanie Twitt, (30.) Sarah Taylor, and (32.) Nikki Hudson. Head Coach: Frank Murray. (1.) Lana Als, (2.) Ann-Marie Alleyne, (3.) Dionne Clarke, (4.) Joana Davis, (5.) Chiaka Drakes, (6.) Deborah-Ann Holder, (7.) Maria

title: Tracey Belbin

text: Team, with whom she won the silver medal at the 1999 Pan American Games. She resigned after the 2002 Women's Hockey World Cup. In 2009 Belbin was inducted into the Queensland Sport Hall of Fame. Tracey Belbin Tracey Lee Belbin OAM (born 24 June 1967 in Cairns, Queensland) is a former field hockey player from Australia, who represented her native country at two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1988 in Seoul, South Korea. There she won the gold medal with the Women's National Team. As a student of the University of Queensland in Brisbane she graduated in 1993, getting a

text: the sharpest shooter in international women's hockey during the 1990s which was acknowledged when she won the World Hockey Player of the Year in 1999. Annan represented Australia 228 times, and was part of the 1996 and 2000 Olympic Gold Medal winning teams. Annan remains the Hockeyroos highest goal scorer. As a highly recognised Hockeyroo, Nikki Hudson has become one of the most identifiable Australian athletes. Retiring in 2009, the striker has already become the highest capped player in the history of the Hockeyroos, finishing on 303 games (the only Hockeyroo to play over 300 games). Since her debut in

title: Jenny Morris (field hockey)

text: Jenny Morris (field hockey) Jennifer ("Jenny") Morris (born 20 September 1972 in Maryborough, Queensland) is a former field hockey defender, who was a member of the Australian Women's Hockey Team, best known as the "Hockeyroos", that won the gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. Four years later she was on the squad, winning the title, this time at home in Sydney, Australia. Making her international debut in 1992, Morris was famous for her penalty corner. In 2009 Morris was appointed to the board of the Fremantle Football Club. In 2014, she was appointed as a Human

text: Susan Bulus, (18.) Serah Izang, and (19.) Patricia Uzuebu. Head Coach: Christian Kubeinje. (1.) Kayla Sharland, (2.) Emily Naylor, (3.) Krystal Forgesson, (9.) Honor Dillon, (10.) Lizzy Igasan, (11.) Stacey Carr, (14.) Suzie Muirhead, (15.) Beth Jurgeleit, (16.) Clarissa Eshuis, (18.) Diana Weavers, (19.) Jane Maley, (20.) Frances Kreft, (25.) Kate Mahon, (26.) Anita Wawatai, (28.) Charlotte Harrison, and (29.) Michelle Hollands. Head Coach: Ian Rutledge. (1.) Debbie McLeod, (2.) Cath Rae, (3.) Vikki Bunce, (4.) Louise Munn, (5.) Catriona Semple, (6.) Julie Kilpatrick, (7.) Jane Burley, (8.) Catriona Forrest, (9.) Samantha Judge, (10.) Rhona Simpson, (11.) Nikki Kidd, (12.)

title: Queen's Golden Gaels women's ice hockey

text: she was named to the 2012 OUA Second Team All-Stars. Duncan finished the 2011-12 campaign tied for fourth among OUA defenders with 15 points. In addition, Duncan led all blueliners with six goals on the season. Queen's Golden Gaels women's ice hockey The first traces of women's hockey in Canada date back to the 1890s when it is played at the university level. The University of Toronto and Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario were two of the first Canadian universities to field women's hockey teams. Elizabeth Graham would play hockey for Queen's University and is credited as being the first

text: 1993 at the age of 17, Hudson had scored 99 goals in international competition. In 2008, she played in her third successive Olympic Games. The Hockeyroos were extremely unlucky not to have advanced to the semifinals of the 2008 Beijing Olympics after finishing the rounds on 10 points, the same as China to finish second on the pool table. However, a slightly better goal difference to China saw them advance instead of Australia – this was the first time a team had finished on 10 points but not advance to the finals at an Olympic Games. Following this a number

text: Australia men's national field hockey team The Australia men's national field hockey team (nicknamed the Kookaburras) is one of the nation's most successful top-level sporting teams. They are the only Australian team in any sport to receive medals at the last six Summer Olympic Games (1992–2012). The Kookaburras placed in the top four in every Olympics between 1980 and 2012; in 2016, the Kookaburras placed sixth. They also won the Hockey World Cup in 1986, 2010 and 2014. The Kookaburras' inability to win an Olympic gold medal despite their perennial competitiveness, led many in the Australian hockey community to speak


question: when did the twenty one pilots hiatus start

answers: November 2016

answers: July 2017

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: In an interview with Alternative Press in November 2016, Twenty One Pilots stated that after their last show, they will be "going dark" to focus on new music. Joseph stated that he would like to focus on lyrical content of the music, and bring the music back to the "authenticity, lyrics, delivery, and fearlessness of songwriting" similar to that of the self-titled album. The band is currently taking a self-described hiatus; their last activity came in July 2017 in the form of posts on social media depicting an eye closing over lyrics from several of their songs.

title: Twenty One Pilots (album)

text: Twenty One Pilots (album) Twenty One Pilots is the self-titled debut studio album by American band Twenty One Pilots, released independently on December 29, 2009. The album sold 115,000 copies and peaked at number 139 on the U.S. "Billboard" 200. It is the only album to feature bassist Nick Thomas and drummer Chris Salih before they both left the band in 2011. It was later revealed that the album was conceptualized and recorded within the homemade recording studio in the basement of the house that Tyler Joseph, Nick Thomas, Chris Salih, and Thomas's brother were staying in at the time.

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: Twenty One Pilots Twenty One Pilots (stylized as twenty one pilots or twenty øne piløts) is an American musical duo from Columbus, Ohio. The band was formed in 2009 by lead vocalist Tyler Joseph along with Nick Thomas and Chris Salih, who left in 2011. The current line-up is Joseph and drummer Josh Dun. They put out two self-released albums, "Twenty One Pilots" in 2009 and "Regional at Best" in 2011, before being signed by Fueled by Ramen in 2012. Their label debut, "Vessel", was released in 2013. The duo achieved breakthrough success with their fourth album, "Blurryface" (2015), which

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: of only Joseph and Dun, Twenty One Pilots self-released their second album, "Regional at Best", on July 8, 2011. The album was accompanied by a free CD release show on the grounds of New Albany High School. While Salih and Thomas were involved with the conceptualization of the album, neither they nor Dun claim to have had much involvement with its production, which was handled nearly exclusively by Joseph. The album features Joseph's brother Zack on the track "Kitchen Sink" and Joseph's college acquaintance Jocef on the track "Be Concerned". In November 2011, after months of cultivating a fan base

title: Twenty One Pilots discography

text: Twenty One Pilots discography American band Twenty One Pilots have released 5 studio albums, 1 live album, 10 extended plays, 17 singles and 24 music videos. The band was formed in 2009 and currently consists of Tyler Joseph and Josh Dun. After two self-released albums, "Twenty One Pilots" in 2009 and "Regional at Best" in 2011, they were signed by Fueled by Ramen in 2012, which released their following studio albums, as well as "Blurryface Live", a three-LP, tri-gatefold picture disc vinyl. The duo achieved breakthrough success with their fourth album "Blurryface" in 2015, which produced the successful singles "Stressed

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: to fans and later posting a video to all social media platforms and updating their logo and branding. Tyler Joseph made his first media appearance in over a year for an interview with Zane Lowe of Beats 1 from his own home studio in Columbus, Ohio, in which he spoke about the band's year long hiatus, creating the new album, and battling against personal demons and insecurities. On July 11, 2018, the band released two new songs, "Jumpsuit" and "Nico and the Niners", as well as the music video for "Jumpsuit". They also made the announcement of their fifth studio

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: from several of their songs. In March 2018, their song "Hometown" received a Gold certification from the RIAA, making "Blurryface" the first full-length album to have every track achieve at least gold status. In April 2018, a cryptic message was uncovered on the band's web store, which revealed a website. Fans began using the clues and found other sections of this site, hinting at the possibility of the band's return. There were multiple images uploaded to the website, including letters from a character named "Clancy". In July 2018, Twenty One Pilots broke their year-long silence, first sending a cryptic email

title: Josh Dun

text: the now-duo Twenty One Pilots, the pair released the band's second studio album, "Regional at Best", on July 8, 2011, and signed with record label Fueled by Ramen, a subsidiary of Atlantic Records, in April 2012. Twenty One Pilots' third album, "Vessel", was released on January 8, 2013. The band's fourth album, "Blurryface", was released on May 17, 2015, two days ahead of its intended release date. At this point in Twenty One Pilots' career, the band had topped the charts with their hit Stressed Out – the song's music video being filmed at Dun's childhood home, and receiving over

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: II. Joseph explains that the story's themes of moral dilemma and choosing between the easy and the right decision inspired the name and formation of the band. "Bicycle Thief" and "Chill Coat" were among some of the rejected band names. The band's name was originally stylized as "twenty | one | pilots" on their earlier cover art; however, by the time of their second album "Regional at Best", the formatting was changed to "twenty øne piløts" using empty sets in place of the letter O. Former Twenty One Pilots member Chris Salih stated in an interview that Mark C. Eshleman,

title: Tyler Joseph

text: they released their debut, self-titled album and began touring Ohio, followed by their second album, "Regional at Best" in 2011, which consisted only of Joseph and drummer Josh Dun. Twenty One Pilots' third full-length album, "Vessel", was released on January 8, 2013. They also embarked on a tour in support of the album, in which they named the "Quiet Is Violent World Tour". On March 17, 2015, the band announced their fourth album's title, "Blurryface", and unveiled its track listing and release date. The band's fans crashed their website attempting to pre-order the album. The band released their new single

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: One Pilots bring a mix of piano (sometimes an electronic keyboard or a keytar), synthesizers, drums (sometimes mixed with electronic drums), vocals, organs, bass, and occasionally the ukulele, guitar and trumpet. Lyrically, their songs are written by Joseph, who incorporates both sung and rapped lyrics. Music journalist Carl Wilson has noted that Joseph's rapping is often compared to that of Macklemore, yet he wrote "but among the ranks of post-Eminem white rappers, I find Joseph more probing, sardonic, and expressive." Joseph has stated that he had never intended to become a rapper, but that when attempting to fit poetry which

title: Pilot One

text: Contributors to the program included punk musician Chris Houston as a writer, and sex educator Sue Johansen as host of a sex and relationship advice segment. The show's cancellation was announced on April 7, 1989 due to budgetary pressures at the CBC. Despite the cancellation, the series was later sold to BBC Two in the United Kingdom, where it provided popular exposure to musical guests such as The Pursuit of Happiness and Sarah McLachlan. The series garnered a Gemini Award nomination for Best Variety Program or Series at the 4th Gemini Awards in 1989. Pilot One Pilot One is a

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: "Christmas With the Stars." Salih left on May 8, 2011 to focus on work, and Thomas left the next month on June 3, 2011 to focus on schooling, both posting farewell notes on the band's official Facebook page. Before departing the project, Salih invited Guitar Center co-worker and friend of the group Josh Dun (former touring drummer for House of Heroes), to take his place in the band. Impressed by the band's potential and Joseph's creative vision, Dun abandoned plans to pursue drumming in Nashville and joined the project only a few weeks before Thomas left the group. Both Salih

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: On May 22, 2016, "Blurryface" won in the category of "Top Rock Album" at the Billboard Music Awards, while the band won the category of "Top Rock Artist". The band began the Blurryface Tour on May 11, 2015, in Glasgow, Scotland. The tour spanned the United States, Australia, South East Asia, Japan and Europe. The U.S. section began September 8, 2015 and featured Echosmith and Finish Ticket as openers. Twenty One Pilots performed "Stressed Out" on "Late Night with Seth Meyers" on September 14, 2015. The band announced a London show in February 2016, and later announced a run of

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: promoters, the band began to experiment with costumes and on-stage acrobatics. Now going by "Twenty One Pilots", the group released their debut, self-titled album, "Twenty One Pilots", on December 29, 2009, and began touring the rest of Ohio. Their initial marketing was grassroots; Joseph's mother would stand outside of Ohio State University giving away tickets to his shows. During this time, the band participated in "Battle of the Band" contests at The Alrosa Villa and The Basement, important Columbus music venues. In 2010, the band posted two tracks to their SoundCloud account, a cover of "Jar of Hearts" by Christina

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: on the "Billboard" Alternative Songs chart. Additionally, the singles "Guns for Hands" and "Lovely" reached No. 21 and No. 67, respectively, on the Japan Hot 100. In May 2013, Twenty One Pilots were announced to join Fall Out Boy as opening acts on their Save Rock and Roll Arena Tour, along with Panic! at the Disco, also serving as opening acts. On August 8, 2013, Twenty One Pilots performed "House of Gold" on "Conan" in their late night debut. On October 2, the music video for the song was uploaded onto YouTube. On March 17, 2014, Twenty One Pilots performed

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: over a year, titled "A Complete Diversion", at Brixton's O2 Academy in London. They performed the four released songs from "Trench", as well as some songs from their previous albums, to promote the album and the upcoming "The Bandito Tour". Twenty One Pilots performed their single "Jumpsuit" at the 2018 American Music Awards on October 9, at the Microsoft Theatre in Los Angeles. On November 1, the band performed stripped down versions of "My Blood" and "Ride", as well as covered Damien Rice's "9 Crimes", in BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge. BBC Radio 1 visited the band in their hometown

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: 25, 2016, the band released a limited-edition live vinyl album documenting two performances at Fox Oakland Theatre, on the duo's 2015 Blurryface Tour under the name "Blurryface Live". Joseph and Dun collaborated with alternative rock band Mutemath, for a five-song EP, "TOPxMM", composed of remixes and reimaginings of four tracks from "Blurryface" and "Heathens". The EP was uploaded onto the band's official website free of charge on December 19; a twenty-five-minute long video of the bands recording the songs live in studio was also released on the band's YouTube channel. On February 12, 2017, Twenty One Pilots won a Grammy

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: album, "Trench", scheduled to be released on October 5, 2018, and a new world tour, titled "The Bandito Tour", starting October 16. Later, on July 26, 2018, the music video for "Nico and the Niners" was released. The song "Levitate" was subsequently released as the album's third single via Zane Lowe's Beats 1 show as the day's "World Record". The music video was also released, concluding the trilogy series. On August 20, 2018, at the MTV VMAs, a ten second long snippet of the song "My Blood" was played at the end of a commercial promoting the album. On August

title: Tyler Joseph

text: a solo album titled "No Phun Intended" in his basement. It was soon later revealed that Thomas contributed guitar to several songs on the album. Among Joseph's first performances with Twenty One Pilots, he recounts that his mother would often stand outside of Ohio State University giving away tickets to his shows. "She'd be like, 'Come see my son play music'", Joseph says. Twenty One Pilots was formed in 2009 in Columbus, Ohio and consisted of frontman Tyler Joseph, bassist Nick Thomas and drummer Chris Salih, of whom the latter two left the band in 2011. On December 29, 2009,

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: and Thomas remained involved with the band's production for some time after their departure. Thomas briefly attended school in North Carolina, but moved back into Joseph and Dun's house in Columbus a year later and began to manage their merchandise. Thomas remained a part of the merchandise distribution crew throughout the production of "Blurryface" and continues to stay actively involved in the band's tour cycle. Thomas has since relocated to Savannah, Georgia where he resides today. Salih co-founded the carpentry company "Elmwood Custom Goods", where he works as an account manager and resides in Columbus. With a new lineup consisting

title: Debby Ryan

text: in a relationship with Twenty One Pilots drummer Josh Dun from May 2013 to September 2014. In a March 10, 2015 "Teen Vogue" interview, she revealed that her relationship with Dun was good, but she had been in an abusive relationship with someone else. She described that relationship as professional rather than romantic, but said "it was such emotional manipulation to the point where it became physical." In the interview, she stated that she decided to partner with Mary Kay and Love is Respect for their anti-domestic-violence campaign "Don't Look Away." Ryan is quoted as saying, "The second someone puts

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: 2014, the band released a music video for the song "Ode to Sleep". Composed of footage captured by band creative director Mark Eshleman from three concerts over the preceding three years, the video depicted the band's rapid growth from their origins as a small local band to a nationally-popular alternative act, an upward trend that would continue into the next album cycle. On March 16, 2015, the band announced that a new album, "Blurryface", was to be released on May 19. They also released the first single, "Fairly Local", on March 17. Their second single of the album, "Tear in

title: Tyler Joseph

text: they decide to ask him in person. Both Joseph and Twenty One Pilots drummer, Josh Dun also have an "X" tattoo on their body symbolizing their dedication to their hometown fans in Columbus, Ohio. They received it on stage during their hometown show at the Lifestyle Communities Pavilion on April 26, 2013. Joseph's is located on his right bicep and Dun's is located on his neck behind his right ear. In mid-January 2015, Joseph served at former bandmate Chris Salih's wedding as an attendant, alongside Twenty One Pilots producer, Mark Eshleman, and his former roommate, Josh Sinclair. As solo artist

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: band's musical style has been described as alternative hip hop, electropop, indie pop, pop rock, rap rock, alternative rock, reggae, rock, synth-pop, pop, electronica, electronic rock, emo rap, indie rock, pop-rap, hip hop, psychedelic, and indietronica. Ultimately, it is difficult to categorize the band using a single genre only, since they bridge so many of them. This has been attributed partly to the fact that both Joseph and Dun are self-taught musicians, meaning that while producing their work they broke many musical conventions that they were not aware of, including staying confined to a single genre of music. Instrumentally, Twenty

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: its release on "Blurryface" in 2015. Joseph and Dun embarked on the Regional at Best Tour with rock band CHALLENGER!, documenting it in a series of videos uploaded to the Twenty One Pilots YouTube channel. In April 2012, the band announced their signing to Atlantic Records subsidiary Fueled by Ramen, the label responsible for the commercial success of popular alternative artists like Panic! at the Disco and Paramore, during a sold out show at the Lifestyle Communities Pavilion. On July 17, 2012, they released their debut Fueled by Ramen recording, an EP entitled "Three Songs". The next month, the band

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: began playing music after finding an old keyboard in his closet, a Christmas gift from his mother, and started mimicking radio melodies. In 2007, Joseph recorded a solo album titled "No Phun Intended" in his parent's basement. Thomas contributed guitar to several songs on the album, and collaborated on the track "Trees", which would later become a signature Twenty One Pilots song. While attending Ohio State University, Joseph met Texas-born future bandmate Christopher "Chris" Salih at a party. Noting the songwriter's talent and creative energy, Salih consulted Joseph about starting a band. Impressed by the recording studio Salih had built

title: Twenty One Pilots

text: re-recorded and released for their third album. "Lovely" was also re-recorded and released as a single in Japan on April 17, 2013. "Glowing Eyes", "Kitchen Sink", and "Forest" appeared unchanged as bonus tracks on the UK version of "Vessel". Twenty One Pilots' third album, "Vessel", was released January 8, 2013; it would reach No. 21 on the "Billboard" 200, No. 9 on the Digital Albums chart, No. 17 on the Internet Albums chart, No. 15 on the Rock Albums Chart, and No. 10 on the Alternative Albums Chart. The band's first charting single, "Holding on to You", reached No. 11

title: Tyler Joseph

text: Twenty One Pilots Tyler Joseph Tyler Robert Joseph (born December 1, 1988) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, record producer, and rapper. He is best known as the frontman for the musical duo Twenty One Pilots, alongside bandmate Josh Dun. Joseph was also a solo artist for some time, and released an album titled "No Phun Intended" in 2008. He has been nominated for six Grammy Awards, of which he has won one. Joseph was born in Columbus, Ohio and grew up with two brothers, Zachary Philip "Zack" Joseph (also a singer) and Jay Thomas Joseph (a Twitch streamer), along

title: House of Gold (Twenty One Pilots song)

text: song. The original video was directed by Mark C. Eshleman. The new video was directed instead by Warren Kommers. According to Josh Dun, the new music video was filmed on Will Smith's ranch outside of Los Angeles, California. The first music video (also directed by Eshleman) is a very simple video. The opening shots are of the ceiling of a house. Joseph is then shown playing his ukulele in front of a shoulder-mount camcorder on a table. He is also twitching and shaking his head (which he claims to help him keep calm during live shows and performances). During the

title: Twenty One Pilots

short_answers:
July 2017
November 2016


question: when did ibuprofen become available over the counter

answers: 1983

answers: 1984

title: Ibuprofen

title: Ibuprofen

text: first marketed in 1969 in the United Kingdom and in the United States in 1974. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. It is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 0.01 and US$0.04 per dose. In the United States it costs about US$0.05 per dose. Ibuprofen is used primarily to treat fever (including post-vaccination fever), mild to moderate pain (including pain relief after surgery), painful menstruation, osteoarthritis, dental pain, headaches, and pain from kidney stones. About 60%

title: History of aspirin

text: the United States or other countries where "Bayer Aspirin" still dominated the aspirin market. Other firms began selling acetaminophen drugs, most significantly, McNeil Laboratories with liquid "Tylenol" in 1955, and "Tylenol" pills in 1958. By 1967, "Tylenol" was available without a prescription. Because it did not cause gastric irritation, acetaminophen rapidly displaced much of aspirin's sales. Another analgesic, anti-inflammatory drug was introduced in 1962: ibuprofen (sold as "Brufen" in the U.K. and "Motrin" in the U.S.). By the 1970s, aspirin had a relatively small portion of the pain reliever market, and in the 1980s sales decreased even more when ibuprofen

title: Ibuprofen

text: appear to increase the risk of heart attack; however, at higher doses it may. Ibuprofen can also worsen asthma. While it is unclear if it is safe in early pregnancy, it appears to be harmful in later pregnancy and therefore is not recommended. Like other NSAIDs, it works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins by decreasing the activity of the enzyme cyclooxygenase. Ibuprofen might be a weaker anti-inflammatory agent than other NSAIDs. Ibuprofen was discovered in 1961 by Stewart Adams and initially marketed as Brufen. It is available under a number of trade names, including Advil and Motrin. It was

title: Stewart Adams (chemist)

text: Stewart Adams (chemist) Professor Stewart Sanders Adams OBE (born 1923), is a British chemist, who was the main part of a team from Boots that developed ibuprofen in the early 1960s. Ibuprofen is a COX-1 (cyclooxygenase-1 or prostaglandin G/H synthase 1) inhibitor; NSAIDs work by blocking the cyclooxygenase enzyme. With aspirin and paracetamol, ibuprofen is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines; a normal dosage is 1200–2400 mg per day. Prostaglandins (PG) cause pain, swelling and inflammation. It is one of the world's best-selling drugs, and production is around 15,000 tonnes per year, around a third that of aspirin.

title: Carprofen

text: and diarrhea. Carprofen was available only by prescription in 150 to 600 mg doses. Dosage over 250 mg was only for relieving pain after severe trauma, such as post-surgery inflammation. 150 mg doses were commonly used to relieve the pain of arthritis, while 200 mg doses were commonly prescribed in cases of severe arthritis or severe inflammation pain. The drug was taken orally. Pfizer voluntarily removed it from the market for human use on commercial grounds. Carprofen may be administered intravenously to horses. A single dose has been shown to reduce prostaglandin E2 production and inflammatory exudate for up to

title: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

text: abnormal in certain disease states, and accumulation may occur even with normal dosage. Ibuprofen and diclofenac have short half-lives (2–3 hours). Some NSAIDs (typically oxicams) have very long half-lives (e.g. 20–60 hours). From the era of Greek medicine to the mid-19th century, the discovery of medicinal agents was classed as an empirical art; folklore and mythological guidance were combined in deploying the vegetable and mineral products that made up the expansive pharmacopeia of the time. Myrtle leaves were in use by 1500 BCE. Hippocrates (460–377 BCE) first reported using willow bark and in 30 BCE Celsus described the signs of

title: Ibuprofen

text: Ibuprofen Ibuprofen is a medication in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) class that is used for treating pain, fever, and inflammation. This includes painful menstrual periods, migraines, and rheumatoid arthritis. It may also be used to close a patent ductus arteriosus in a premature baby. It can be used by mouth or intravenously. It typically begins working within an hour. Common side effects include heartburn and a rash. Compared to other NSAIDs, it may have fewer side effects such as gastrointestinal bleeding. It increases the risk of heart failure, kidney failure, and liver failure. At low doses, it does not

title: Benoxaprofen

text: began in 1976. More than 2,000 arthritis patients were administered the drug by more than 100 physicians. The physicians reported the results to the Lilly Company. When the company formally requested to begin marketing the drug in January 1980 with the FDA, the document consisted of more than 100,000 pages of test results and patients’ records. Benoxaprofen was first marketed abroad: in 1980 the drug was released for marketing in the UK. It came on the market in May 1982 in the USA. When benoxaprofen was on the market as Oraflex in the USA the first sign of trouble came

title: Over-the-counter drug

text: homeopathic products. The drugs in this category have limited risk and addiction potential. Examples are naproxen and diclofenac in small amounts, cinnarizine, 400 mg ibuprofen up to 20 tablets and also 500 mg paracetamol up to 50 tablets. Drugs in the AV category can be sold at supermarkets, gas stations etc. and include only drugs with minimal risk to the public, like paracetamol up to 20 tablets, 200 mg ibuprofen up to 10 tablets, cetirizine and loperamide. In the United States, the manufacture and sale of OTC substances is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration. The FDA requires that

title: Hydrocodone/ibuprofen

text: already available on the market at this time, the fact that they had never been supplied together in a single formulation required approval from the FDA as if it were a new drug. Knoll filed an investigational new drug application on 30 December 1986. A new drug application was later filed by Knoll on 25 April 1996, and received final approval from the FDA on 23 September 1997. Vicoprofen tablets were initially formulated and packaged by Knoll, with ibuprofen supplied by Albemarle Corporation and hydrocodone supplied by Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals. The validity of Knoll’s patent on Vicoprofen has been challenged in

title: Weever

text: as aspirin or ibuprofen, may be of assistance in management of pain and can also reduce edema. Medical advice should be sought if any of the symptoms listed above as rare or severe are observed, if swelling spreads beyond the immediate area of injury (e.g. from hand to arm), if symptoms persist, or if any other factor causes concern. Medical treatment consists of symptom management, analgesia (often with opiates) and the same heat treatment as for first aid - more systemic treatment using histamine antagonists may assist in reducing local inflammation. The only recorded death in the UK occurred in

title: Stewart Adams (chemist)

text: 1990) in 1966. A patent was filed in 1962, and granted in 1962, for phenylalkane derivatives. In 1969 ibuprofen was licensed as a prescription drug in the UK, and in 1974 in the USA. It was launched in the USA in 1974 by Upjohn of Kalamazoo, Michigan as "Motrin". In April 1966, Ibufenac (iso-butyl-phenyl-acetic-acid, known as "Dytransin") went onto the UK market, but was withdrawn in January 1968 due to causing jaundice, from its toxicity in the liver. In 1970, Courtaulds Engineering built a £600,000 plant at Boots to make ibuprofen. In August 1978, Boots applied to have ibuprofen put

title: Migraine treatment

text: become more severe and more frequent. This may occur with triptans, ergotamines, and analgesics, especially narcotic analgesics. Recommended initial treatment for those with mild to moderate symptoms are simple analgesics such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or the combination of acetaminophen (paracetamol), acetylsalicylic acid, and caffeine. A number of NSAIDs have been shown to be effective. Ibuprofen provides effective pain relief in about 50%. Diclofenac has been found effective. A number of NSAIDs have evidence to support their use. Ibuprofen has been found to provide effective pain relief in about 50% of migraine attacks. The widespread use of NSAIDs has

title: Ibuprofen

text: Aspirin, other NSAIDs, and paracetamol (acetaminophen) had no effect on the risk for Parkinson's. In March 2011, researchers at Harvard Medical School announced in "Neurology" that ibuprofen had a neuroprotective effect against the risk of developing Parkinson's disease. People regularly consuming ibuprofen were reported to have a 38% lower risk of developing Parkinson's disease, but no such effect was found for other pain relievers, such as aspirin and paracetamol. Use of ibuprofen to lower the risk of Parkinson's disease in the general population would not be problem-free, given the possibility of adverse effects on the urinary and digestive systems. Some

title: Ibuprofen brand names

text: marketed and sold in the United Kingdom, other parts of Europe, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In 2016 it was the biggest selling branded over-the-counter medication sold in Great Britain, with sales of £116.8 million. There are 11 variants of Nurofen, all of which contain ibuprofen as an active ingredient. The ibuprofen is variously formulated as the free acid, or the lysine salt. For oral formulations, i.e., taken by mouth, it is available in the conventional solid round tablet, a torpedo-shaped solid caplet, or may alternatively be in the form of a soft gel cap. It is also available

title: Prescription drug

text: proven to meet higher safety standards for self-medication by patients. Often, a lower strength of a drug will be approved for OTC use, but higher strengths require a prescription to be obtained; a notable case is ibuprofen, which has been widely available as an OTC pain killer since the mid-1980s, but it is available by prescription in doses up to four times the OTC dose for severe pain that is not adequately controlled by the OTC strength. Herbal preparations, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and other food supplements are regulated by the FDA as dietary supplements. Because specific health claims cannot

title: Ibuprofen brand names

text: as a topical gel, which is applied directly to the surface of the skin. In some cases these are marketed as being useful for treating specific types of pain; such as back pain or period pain. The primary difference among the various formulations is speed and duration of ibuprofen absorption. According to the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (UK MHRA), the form of ibuprofen in 'Nurofen Tension Headache' (ibuprofen lysine) is absorbed nearly twice as fast as the form in 'Nurofen Period Pain' (ibuprofen free acid), with the former reaching peak blood concentrations in 38 minutes, compared to

title: Ibuprofen

text: like other 2-arylpropionate derivatives (including ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, naproxen, etc.), does contain a stereocenter in the α-position of the propionate moiety. So two enantiomers of ibuprofen occur, with the potential for different biological effects and metabolism for each enantiomer. An isomerase (alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase) converts ("R")-ibuprofen to the active ("S")-enantiomer. Ibuprofen was derived from propionic acid by the research arm of Boots Group during the 1960s. Its discovery was the result of research during the 1950s and 1960s to find a safer alternative to aspirin. It was discovered by a team led by Stewart Adams and the patent application was filed in

title: Ibuprofen

text: The analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity of NSAIDs appears to operate mainly through inhibition of COX-2, which decreases the synthesis of prostaglandins involved in mediating inflammation, pain, fever, and swelling. Antipyretic effects may be due to action on the hypothalamus, resulting in an increased peripheral blood flow, vasodilation, and subsequent heat dissipation. Inhibition of COX-1 instead would be responsible for unwanted effects on the gastrointestinal tract. However, the role of the individual COX isoforms in the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and gastric damage effects of NSAIDs is uncertain and different compounds cause different degrees of analgesia and gastric damage. Ibuprofen is administered

title: Ibuprofen

text: dietary supplements might be dangerous to take along with ibuprofen and other NSAIDs, but more research needs to be conducted to be certain. These supplements include those that can prevent platelet aggregation, including ginkgo, garlic, ginger, bilberry, dong quai, feverfew, ginseng, turmeric, meadowsweet, and willow; those that contain coumarin, including chamomile, horse chestnut, fenugreek and red clover; and those that increase the risk of bleeding, like tamarind. Ibuprofen Ibuprofen is a medication in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) class that is used for treating pain, fever, and inflammation. This includes painful menstrual periods, migraines, and rheumatoid arthritis. It may also

title: Safford Unified School District v. Redding

text: School in Safford, Arizona received a report that 13-year-old Savana Redding had given a classmate four prescription-strength 400 mg ibuprofen and a 200 mg over-the-counter naproxen. Based on this suspicion, they first searched her belongings; then, believing that "students ... hid contraband in or under their clothing," had her strip to her underwear, "pull her bra out and to the side and shake it," and "pull out the elastic on her underpants" to see what might fall out. The officials did not find any contraband on Redding's person, and they did not contact Redding's parents at any point during the

title: Hydrocodone/ibuprofen

text: as there are conflicting reports of birth defects after in utero exposure. However, it is accepted that NSAIDs prevent closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus, which happens during the later stages of pregnancy. Because of this, ibuprofen should be avoided after 30 weeks gestation. Hydrocodone and Ibuprofen are excreted in breast milk, so appropriate caution should be taken when prescribing to breastfeeding mothers. There is no evidence to support altered pharmacokinetic properties due to differences in gender or age. However, this drug combination has not been tested in children. The side effects for hydrocodone/ibuprofen are a combination of the side

title: Analgesic

text: and lower fever, and, in higher doses decrease inflammation. The most prominent members of this group of drugs, aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen, are all available over the counter in most countries. These drugs have been derived from NSAIDs. The cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibited by NSAIDs was discovered to have at least 2 different versions: COX1 and COX2. Research suggested most of the adverse effects of NSAIDs to be mediated by blocking the COX1 (constitutive) enzyme, with the analgesic effects being mediated by the COX2 (inducible) enzyme. Thus, the COX2 inhibitors were developed to inhibit only the COX2 enzyme (traditional NSAIDs block

title: Ibuprofen

text: diagnosis of poisoning in people who are hospitalized, or assist in a medicolegal death investigation. A monograph relating ibuprofen plasma concentration, time since ingestion, and risk of developing renal toxicity in people who have overdosed has been published. Along with several other NSAIDs, chronic ibuprofen use has been found correlated with risk of hypertension and myocardial infarction (heart attack), particularly among those treated chronically using high doses. On 9 July 2015, the US FDA toughened warnings of increased heart attack and stroke risk associated with ibuprofen and related NSAIDs; the NSAID aspirin is not included in this warning. Along with

title: Ibuprofen

text: stroke prevention of a daily aspirin regimen is minimal. Ibuprofen overdose has become common since it was licensed for OTC use. Many overdose experiences are reported in the medical literature, although the frequency of life-threatening complications from ibuprofen overdose is low. Human response in cases of overdose ranges from absence of symptoms to fatal outcome despite intensive-care treatment. Most symptoms are an excess of the pharmacological action of ibuprofen, and include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, ear ringing, and nystagmus. Rarely, more severe symptoms, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, seizures, metabolic acidosis, high blood levels of potassium, low blood

title: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

text: headache, dizziness. Uncommon ADRs include an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood, confusion, spasm of the airways, and rash. Ibuprofen may also rarely cause irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. NSAIDs are also implicated in some cases of Stevens–Johnson syndrome. Most NSAIDs penetrate poorly into the central nervous system (CNS). However, the COX enzymes are expressed constitutively in some areas of the CNS, meaning that even limited penetration may cause adverse effects such as somnolence and dizziness. In very rare cases, ibuprofen can cause aseptic meningitis. As with other drugs, allergies to NSAIDs might exist. While many allergies are specific

title: Stewart Adams (chemist)

text: acids. In 1961 the team started looking at phenyl-propanoic acids, and things were looking good. One of the types was 2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propanoic acid; ibuprofen was first made in December 1961. Four substances that went to clinical trial failed, and the last - ibuprofen - worked; it was first called RD 13621, and RB 1472. He took the first dose himself and used the drug to treat his own headaches before it was on the market. Animal tests were very encouraging, and tests on humans showed it was about three times stronger than aspirin. He had read in a German journal

title: Ibuprofen

text: to miscarry than those not taking the medications. However, an Israeli study found no increased risk of miscarriage in the group of mothers using NSAIDs. NSAIDs such as ibuprofen work by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H (PGH). PGH, in turn, is converted by other enzymes to several other prostaglandins (which are mediators of pain, inflammation, and fever) and to thromboxane A (which stimulates platelet aggregation, leading to the formation of blood clots). Like aspirin and indomethacin, ibuprofen is a nonselective COX inhibitor, in that it inhibits two isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1 and COX-2.

title: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

text: ibuprofen, naproxen, and salsalate are less expensive than other NSAIDs, and essentially as effective and safe when used appropriately to treat osteoarthritis and pain. Most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are weak acids, with a pKa of 3–5. They are absorbed well from the stomach and intestinal mucosa. They are highly protein-bound in plasma (typically >95%), usually to albumin, so that their volume of distribution typically approximates to plasma volume. Most NSAIDs are metabolized in the liver by oxidation and conjugation to inactive metabolites that typically are excreted in the urine, though some drugs are partially excreted in bile. Metabolism may be

title: Ibuprofen

long_answer: Ibuprofen was derived from propionic acid by the research arm of Boots Group during the 1960s. Its discovery was the result of research during the 1950s and 1960s to find a safer alternative to aspirin. It was discovered by a team led by Stewart Adams and the patent application was filed in 1961. Adams initially tested the drug as treatment for his hangover. The drug was launched as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis in the United Kingdom in 1969, and in the United States in 1974. Later, in 1983 and 1984, it became the first NSAID (other than aspirin) to be available over the counter (OTC) in these two countries. Dr. Adams was subsequently awarded an OBE in 1987. Boots was awarded the Queen's Award for Technical Achievement for the development of the drug in 1987.


question: what is the full form of ib board

answers: International Baccalaureate

answers: The International Baccalaureate

title: International Baccalaureate

text: The International Baccalaureate (IB), formerly known as the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO), is an international educational foundation headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland and founded in 1968. It offers four educational programs: the IB Diploma Program and the IB Career-related Program for students aged 15 to 18, the IB Middle Years Program, designed for students aged 11 to 14, and the IB Primary Years Program for children aged 3 to 12. To teach these programs, schools need to be authorized by the International Baccalaureate Organization.

title: International Baccalaureate

text: based on respect, representation and collaboration. The Board of Governors can comprise between 15 and 25 members. Members are elected by the Board on the recommendation of the governance committee, and from nominations presented from the Heads Council, Regional Councils and the Board. To encourage diversity of gender, culture and geography, there are only three ex officio positions: Director General (non-voting), the chair of the Examining Board and the chair of the Heads Council. Advisory bodies include the Heads Council and Regional Councils Some schools in the United States have eliminated the IBDP due to budgetary reasons and low student

title: International Baccalaureate

text: organisation (NGO) at United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and has collaborative relationships with the Council of Europe and the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF). The IB governance is composed of an IB Board of Governors and six committees (access and advancement, audit, education, finance, human resources and governance). The Board of Governors appoints the Director General, sets the strategic direction of the organisation, adopts a mission statement, makes policy, oversees the IB's financial management, and ensures autonomy and integrity of the IB Diploma Programme examinations and other student assessment. The structure of its different committees are

title: EUROAVIA

text: from all over the world. EUROAVIA today is composed of three fundamental pylons: the International Board, the Affiliated Societies and the Working Groups. The International Board (IB) is the board of directors of EUROAVIA, elected every year during a congress. They represent the association at the international level and are responsible for the general functioning of the association. The IB is formed by at least 3 members: President, Secretary, Treasurer and Executive Members. The powers, duties and responsibilities of the International Board are defined in the EUROAVIA Statutes and Bylaws. EUROAVIA is an international student association with multiple Local Groups

title: Indian Board of School Education

text: Indian Board of School Education The Indian Board of School Education (IBOSE), is the Board of Education for private education, under the Government of India. It was established by the S.R. Acts XXI of 1860 of the Government of India in 2007 to provide education inexpensively to remote areas. The IBOSE is a national board that administers examinations for Secondary and Senior Secondary examinations of schools. It had an enrolment of about thousands students from 2008–2015 at secondary and senior secondary levels and enrols about one thousand students annually which makes it the largest private schooling system in the India.

title: Indian Board of School Education

text: The Indian Board of School Education have regional information centres or study centres all over India. The Indian Board of School Education offer the following courses: The public examinations are held annually in the months of March–April on dates fixed by the Indian Board of School Education. Indian Board of School Education The Indian Board of School Education (IBOSE), is the Board of Education for private education, under the Government of India. It was established by the S.R. Acts XXI of 1860 of the Government of India in 2007 to provide education inexpensively to remote areas. The IBOSE is a

title: Klein Independent School District

text: Klein Oak High School and the International Business Academy at Klein Forest High School. Both programs may be attended by any student in Klein ISD. The IB Diploma program is for 11th and 12th graders. Students must complete and test in six specific IB subjects, write an essay of independent research, complete 150 hours of service, and complete the Theory of Knowledge course. This program requires an application and interview, in which students apply in the spring semester of their 8th/9th grade years. The district recommends that students take Pre-IP (Pre-International Programme) classes before they enter the IB program. The

title: International Baccalaureate

text: more consciously establish the IB as a leader in international education and the Board outlined a vision and four strategic goals with key strategic objectives. Access remains fundamental to the mission of the IB and a variety of initiatives and projects are helping to take it forward in Ecuador, Poland, Romania, the Czech Republic, South Africa, Kazakhstan, Spain, Malaysia, and Japan The United States has the largest number of IB programmes (2,010 out of 5,586) offered in both private and public schools. The IB works with governments and non-governmental organizations across the world and has consultative status as a non-governmental

title: International Baccalaureate

text: plan that will expand the opportunities for Japanese students to complete the IB curriculum in Japanese. In Malaysia a project has been developed in response to interest expressed by the Malaysia Ministry of Education (MoE) in working with the IB to implement the IB Middle Years Programme (MYP) in select secondary state schools. The Abu Dhabi Education Council (ADEC) signed an agreement with the IB in efforts to widen the options offered for parents and to meet the different needs of students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In April 2014 The King Faisal Foundation in Saudi Arabia and the

title: IB Diploma Programme

text: paper 1 has multiple choice questions, paper 2 has extended response questions. Paper 3 focuses on the "Option(s)" selected by the teacher and data analysis questions. The grading of all external assessments is done by independent examiners appointed by the IB. The nature of the internal assessment (IA) varies by subject. There may be oral presentations (used in languages), practical work (in experimental sciences and performing arts), or written work. Internal assessment accounts for 20 to 50 percent of the mark awarded for each subject and is marked by a teacher in the school. A sample of at least five

title: Fairview International School

text: IB programmes are as follows: Kuala Lumpur Campus (IB World School) - Primary Years Programme, Middle Years Programme and the IB Diploma Programme Subang Jaya Campus (IB World School) - Primary Years Programme and Middle Years Programme Penang Campus (IB World School) - Primary Years Programme, Middle Years Programme and the IB Diploma Programme Johor Campus (IB World School) - Primary Years Programme and Middle Years Programme Ipoh Campus (IB World School) - Primary Years Programme and Middle Years Programme In MYP (Middle Years Programme), students are being taught in various aspects. For the Lower MYP (Grade 7, 8 and

title: International Baccalaureate

text: teachers and students in their communities—from implementing IB programmes to providing a forum for dialogue." There are currently fifty-six (56) sub-regional associations, including: In 2003, the IB established the IB Fund, incorporated in the United States, for the purpose of enhancing fundraising and keeping funds raised separate from operational funds. In 2004, the IB approved a strategic plan to "ensure that programmes and services are of the highest quality" and "to provide access to people who are socio-economically disadvantaged." In 2010 and 2015 the strategic plans were updated after substantial consultation. The vision for the next 5 years was to

title: Administrative divisions of Illinois

text: boards are appointed by the Mayor with the approval of the Chicago City Council, and the special charter districts, which may have elected or appointed boards. The Illinois Board of Higher Education (IBHE) is the administrative agency with responsibility for overseeing all higher education in Illinois. With regards to the Illinois Community College System, the Illinois Community College Board (ICCB) is the state coordinating board for community colleges. Area vocational centers and special education cooperatives may be formed by joint agreement between two or more school districts. A board consisting of representatives of each participating school district governs each entity

title: IB Diploma Programme

text: IB diploma is approximately 80%. In order to receive an IB diploma, candidates must receive a minimum of 24 points or an average of four (or C) out of a possible seven points for six subjects. Candidates must also receive a minimum of 12 points from their Higher Level subjects and a minimum of 9 points from their Standard Level subjects. Additionally, candidates must complete all of the requirements for the EE, CAS and TOK. Failing conditions that will prevent a student from being awarded a diploma, regardless of points received, are non-completion of CAS, more than three scores of

title: European Baccalaureate

text: of the Statute of the European School and in the Regulations for the EB, available from the schools. The EB is administered and directly supervised by an external examining board appointed annually by the Board of Governors. The examining board consists of up to three representatives of each member state, who must satisfy the conditions governing the appointment of equivalent examining boards in their respective countries. It is presided over by a senior university educator appointed by each member state in turn, assisted by a member of the Board of Inspectors of the schools. Article 5 (2) of the Statute

title: IB Diploma Programme

text: per subject at each level from a school will also be graded by a moderator appointed by the IB, in a process called external moderation of internal assessment. Based on this moderation, the grades of the whole subject from that school will change. Points are awarded from 1 to 7, with 7 being equal to A*, 6 equal to A, and so on. Up to three additional points are awarded depending on the grades achieved in the extended essay and theory of knowledge, so the maximum possible point total in the IBDP is 45. The global pass rate for the

title: Dwight School

text: physical education, and technology. In the final year of the program, students engage in a personal project, which allows them to demonstrate the understandings and skills they have developed throughout the program. The IB Diploma Program is designed as an academically challenging and balanced program that prepares students for success at university and life beyond. The program is normally taught over two years, in grades eleven and twelve, and has gained recognition and respect from the world's leading universities. Dwight offers over 30 advanced college level IB courses in the IB Diploma Program. To complete IB Diploma requirements, an independent

title: IB Middle Years Programme

text: A core part of IB MYP is community service. The community and service area requires students to study and perform community studies and service throughout the program. Some schools and districts, like the Upper St. Clair School District and Montgomery County Public Schools (Maryland) either require or highly encourage a set number of hours of community service to be completed by each student, while schools like Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools and Round Rock Independent School District require students to complete the "Community Project" for students to complete the program during Year 3 or 4. The program is based on six Global contexts.

title: IB Middle Years Programme

text: a final reflection must be written upon the completion of the project which explains how it ties in with at least one of the Global Contexts. To get the MYP certificate, the candidate must get at least 3 out of 7 in the final score. In order to officially participate in an official IB Middle Years Program, students must attend an authorised IB World School. In the U.S., the program is often taught throughout middle school and the first two years of high school. Typically, middle schools and high schools work in coordination with each other. The application process, taking

title: International Baccalaureate

text: educational foundation. The IB maintains its Foundation Office in Geneva, Switzerland. The Assessment Centre is located in Cardiff, Wales and the curriculum centre moved in 2011 to The Hague, Netherlands. Three Global Centres have been opened: Bethesda, Maryland (within the metropolitan area of Washington, DC) in the United States, Singapore and The Hague. The organisation is divided into three regional centres: IB Africa, Europe and Middle East (IBAEM), administered from The Hague; IB Americas (IBA), administered from Bethesda; and IB Asia-Pacific (IBAP), administered from Singapore. Sub-regional associations "are groups formed by and for IB school practitioners to assist IB schools,

title: IB Group 2 subjects

text: paper 2, consisting of one short writing task and one extended-response writing task. For the oral and written components of the assessments, students receive marks based on their level of competency in use of language, presentation and communication skills. For reading comprehension, students receive a grade based on a markscheme (answer key) for questions that are multiple-choice, short-answer, true/false/justify, matching and extended response. Spanish "ab initio" and Mandarin "ab initio" are offered online to students enrolled in the IB Diploma Programme. Language B is intended for students who have a previous background of 2–3 years in the language, and focuses

title: Utahloy International School Guangzhou

text: this, students are to complete their Community & Service requirements and their Personal Project by the end of their final year in the IB. The IB Diploma Programme is aimed to prepare students for the competitiveness of Higher Education. At Utahloy International School Guangzhou all students aiming for the IB Diploma are required to study six subjects, up to four Higher Level and the rest Standard Level. A Higher Level subject represents a minimum of 240 hours of classroom study during the two-year period. A Standard Level subject represents a minimum of 150 hours of classroom study during the two-year

title: International Baccalaureate

text: action, the learner profile concisely describes the aspirations of a global community that shares the values underlying the IB's educational philosophy. The IB learner profile describes the attributes and outcomes of education for international-mindedness. IB learners strive to be: The learner profile is the basis for all four programmes. Age Range: 15–19 DP Core Subject areas Age Range: 16–19 Three-part framework CP Core Age range: 11–16 Six global contexts Eight subject areas Culminating activity for schools offering a 3- to 5-year program Age range: 3–12 Six transdisciplinary themes Six subject areas Five essential elements Source: The IB is a not-for-profit

title: Sturgis Charter Public School

text: IB courses and exams during their junior and senior years. In North America, many colleges and universities grant credit for higher level courses scored with a sufficient mark (usually a 6 or 7), a smaller number also grant credit for standard level courses. Some institutions, such as Amherst College, Harvard University, and Binghamton University grant sophomore standing to any incoming student who has completed the full diploma. For students wishing to study overseas, the I.B. Diploma can assist in making a student eligible to apply directly, especially when the host country's secondary educational system has more stringent requirements than the

title: Illinois Board of Higher Education

text: Illinois Board of Higher Education The Illinois Board of Higher Education (IBHE) is a state government agency that oversees higher education in the U.S. state of Illinois. The IBHE was created in 1961. Since 2012 the IBHE also permits and oversees business schools and other vocational schools, which were formerly overseen by the Illinois State Board of Education. The Board itself has 16 members: The Chairman of the Board is designated by the Governor "to serve until a successor is designated". Of the 12 board members appointed by the Governor, but excluding the Chairman of the Board, no more than

title: Institute of Business Administration, University of Dhaka

text: MBA program was launched to cater to the growing demand for quality education among mid-career executives. IBA is governed by the fourth Statute of the University of Dhaka and functions within the broad framework of policies, rules and regulations of the University. The Academic Board of the Institute reviews the academic programs. All Professors and Associate Professors of IBA are members of this Board and the Director of IBA is the Chairperson of the board. The other members are the Dean of the Faculty of Business Studies and the Chairmen of the Departments thereunder. There is also a provision of

title: IB Group 4 subjects

text: topics in the "higher level": All candidates study the 6 core topics (80 hours): In addition, they also study two of the following four options (30 hours): All topics are compulsory (i.e. there are no options). The remaining 30 hours are derived from the internal assessment (practical work), making a total of 150 teaching hours. There are two external assessment components and one internal assessment component. Calculators are "required" for both papers. Candidates will need to complete 30 hours of practical work throughout the course. Each of the three criteria - planning (Pl), data collection and processing (DCP) and discussion,

title: International Baccalaureate

text: participation. In Utah in 2008, funding for the IBDP was reduced from $300,000 to $100,000 after State Senator Margaret Dayton objected to the program, stating, "First, I have never espoused eliminating IB ... I don't want to create 'world citizens' nearly as much as I want to help cultivate American citizens who function well in the world." Mayor Rahm Emanuel of Chicago, meanwhile, believes that IB should be an option for students in Chicago Public Schools. Elizabeth Brackett reports on the IB in Chicago. A report by the University of Chicago concluded that Chicago Public School students who completed the

title: St. Timothy's School

text: The IB program is a demanding pre-university course of study that is completed in the span of two years. The IB diploma is geared towards highly motivated students aged 16 to 19. An IB diploma opens a window of opportunities. Leading universities around the world recognize this diploma. In some instances students can earn college credit for courses taken in high school. It is at the discretion of a university to accept any or all of the IB credits a student has earned. At St. Timothy's, basketball dates to 1896. Co-headmistresses (and sisters) Polly and Sally Carter were looking for

title: Des Moines Public Schools

text: program in Des Moines has grown to include ten schools serving more than 5,000 students. The school district is currently home to ten IB World Schools, with the hope of expanding it to several others. IB is a school-wide program providing a framework for teaching and learning that engages students in guided inquiry centered on universal concepts. Guided inquiry emphasizes students’ natural curiosity and provides them with an opportunity to ask questions and seek answers in a collaborative classroom where students and teachers work together to explore the curriculum. At the middle school level, IB students experience the district curriculum

title: International Baccalaureate

short_answers:
International Baccalaureate
The International Baccalaureate