question: what is the largest magnitude earthquake that has occurred in the pacific northwest

answers: The 1700 Cascadia earthquake

title: 1965 Puget Sound earthquake

text: about the installation of the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network in 1969. 1965 Puget Sound earthquake The 1965 Puget Sound earthquake occurred at 08:28 PDT (15:28 UTC) on April 29 within the Puget Sound region of Washington State. It had a magnitude of 6.7 on the moment magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of VIII ("Severe") on the Mercalli intensity scale. It caused the deaths of seven people and about $12.5–28 million in damage. There were no recorded aftershocks. The western part of Washington State lies above the Cascadia subduction zone, where the Juan de Fuca Plate is being subducted

title: 1993 Scotts Mills earthquake

text: 1993 Scotts Mills earthquake The 1993 Scotts Mills earthquake, also known as the "Spring break quake", occurred in the U.S. state of Oregon on March 25 at 5:34 AM Pacific Standard Time. With a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a maximum perceived intensity of VII ("Very strong") on the Mercalli intensity scale, it was the largest earthquake in the Pacific Northwest since the Elk Lake and Goat Rocks earthquakes of 1981. Ground motion was widely felt in Oregon's Willamette Valley, the Portland metropolitan area, and as far north as the Puget Sound area near Seattle, Washington. The Scotts Mills mainshock

title: Pacific Northwest Seismic Network

text: Pacific Northwest Seismic Network The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network, or PNSN, collects and studies ground motions from about 400 seismometers in the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington. PNSN monitors volcanic and tectonic activity, gives advice and information to the public and policy makers, and works to mitigate earthquake hazard. Damaging earthquakes are well known in the Pacific Northwest, including several larger than magnitude 7, most notably the M9 1700 Cascadia earthquake and the M7.0–7.3 earthquake in about 900AD on the Seattle Fault. The M6.5 1965 Puget Sound earthquake shook the Seattle, Washington area, causing substantial damage and seven deaths.

title: 2018 Anchorage earthquake

text: near Tacoma, Washington than to the 1964 megathrust earthquake. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.0 on the moment magnitude scale using a centroid moment tensor inversion of the W-phase. The focal mechanism shows that the earthquake was a result of normal faulting. A fault dipping at 29° towards the east gives the best match to the observed seismic waveforms. The depth and mechanism are consistent with faulting within the down-going Pacific Plate. This implies that the earthquake was an intraslab earthquake within that plate, rather than at the plate boundary between the Pacific and North American Plates beneath the

title: 1965 Puget Sound earthquake

text: 1965 Puget Sound earthquake The 1965 Puget Sound earthquake occurred at 08:28 PDT (15:28 UTC) on April 29 within the Puget Sound region of Washington State. It had a magnitude of 6.7 on the moment magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of VIII ("Severe") on the Mercalli intensity scale. It caused the deaths of seven people and about $12.5–28 million in damage. There were no recorded aftershocks. The western part of Washington State lies above the Cascadia subduction zone, where the Juan de Fuca Plate is being subducted beneath the North American Plate. The seismicity of this region consists

title: 1700 Cascadia earthquake

text: 26, 1700 (NS). Although there are no written records for the region from the time, the timing of the earthquake has been inferred from Japanese records of a tsunami that does not correlate with any other Pacific Rim quake. The Japanese records exist primarily in the modern-day Iwate Prefecture, in communities such as Tsugaruishi, Kuwagasaki and Ōtsuchi. The most important clue linking the tsunami in Japan and the earthquake in the Pacific Northwest comes from studies of tree rings (dendrochronology), which show that several "ghost forests" of red cedar trees in Oregon and Washington, killed by lowering of coastal forests

title: Cascadia subduction zone

text: pieces of the puzzle were linked, and they then realized that the subduction zone was more hazardous than previously suggested. In 2009, some geologists predicted a 10% to 14% probability that the Cascadia Subduction Zone will produce an event of magnitude 9.0 or higher in the next 50 years. In 2010, studies suggested that the risk could be as high as 37% for earthquakes of magnitude 8.0 or higher Geologists and civil engineers have broadly determined that the Pacific Northwest region is not well prepared for such a colossal earthquake. The earthquake is expected to be similar to the 2011

title: 2018 Gulf of Alaska earthquake

text: Hawaii. Residents in low-lying areas along the Gulf of Alaska and in British Columbia were evacuated to shelters and higher ground. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center later cancelled most of the alerts within four hours of the earthquake, due to the apparent lack of tsunami. The highest recorded waves after the event measured at under above tide level on Kodiak Island. According to the United States Geological Survey, the earthquake occurred southeast of Kodiak, Alaska at 12:31 AM local time (AKST). Witnesses to the earthquake itself reported that it was very long in duration, feeling like a "slow roller," but

title: Pacific Northwest Seismic Network

text: campus, and the network is managed by UW staff. Additional funding is provided by the Department of Energy, the State of Washington, and the State of Oregon. Pacific Northwest Seismic Network The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network, or PNSN, collects and studies ground motions from about 400 seismometers in the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington. PNSN monitors volcanic and tectonic activity, gives advice and information to the public and policy makers, and works to mitigate earthquake hazard. Damaging earthquakes are well known in the Pacific Northwest, including several larger than magnitude 7, most notably the M9 1700 Cascadia earthquake and

title: Puget Sound faults

text: these faults. The ultimate driver of the stresses that cause earthquakes are the motions of the tectonic plates: material from the Earth's mantle rises at spreading centers, and moves out as plates of oceanic crust which eventually are subducted under the more buoyant plates of continental crust. Western Washington lies over the Cascadia subduction zone, where the Juan de Fuca Plate is subducting towards the east (see diagram, right). This is being obliquely overridden by the North American plate coming out of the northeast, which has formed a bend in the subducting plate and in the forearc basin above it.

title: 1700 Cascadia earthquake

text: with an M9+ event within the same time frame. Geologists have also determined the Pacific Northwest is not prepared for such a colossal quake. The tsunami produced could reach heights of . A 2004 study revealed the potential for relative mean sea level rise (cause by subsidence) along the Cascadia subduction zone. It postulated that cities on the west coast of Vancouver Island, such as Tofino and Ucluelet, are at risk for a 1–2 m subsidence, relative to mean sea level. The confirmation of their oral traditions about a great earthquake has led many aboriginal groups in the area to

title: Puget Sound faults

text: and largely centered near the coast. The energy of the somewhat smaller Benioff earthquakes is likewise diluted over a relatively large area. The largest intra-crustal earthquakes have about the same total energy (which is about one-hundredth of a subduction event), but since they are closer to the surface they will cause more powerful shaking, and, therefore, more damage. One study of seismic vulnerability of bridges in the Seattle – Tacoma area estimated that an M 7 earthquake on the Seattle or Tacoma faults would cause nearly as much damage as a M 9 subduction earthquake. Because the Seattle and Tacoma

title: Cascadia subduction zone

text: and can exceed magnitude 9.0. They occur when enough energy (stress) has accumulated in the "locked" zone of the fault to cause a rupture known as a megathrust earthquake. The magnitude of a megathrust earthquake is proportional to length of the rupture along the fault. The Cascadia Subduction Zone, which forms the boundary between the Juan de Fuca and North American plates, is a very long sloping fault that stretches from mid-Vancouver Island to Northern California. Because of the great length of the fault, the Cascadia Subduction Zone is capable of producing very large earthquakes if rupture occurs along its

title: 1949 Olympia earthquake

text: 1949 Olympia earthquake The 1949 Olympia earthquake occurred on April 13 at with a moment magnitude of 6.7 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of VIII ("Severe"). The shock was located in the area between Olympia and Tacoma, and was felt throughout the state, as well as parts of Oregon, British Columbia, Idaho, and Montana. It is the largest recorded earthquake to occur in the Puget Sound region of Washington. Eight people were killed, a minimum of 64 people were injured, and the total damage is estimated at $25 million. Damage in Olympia from the earthquake was estimated between $500,000 and

title: 1700 Cascadia earthquake

text: The 1700 Cascadia earthquake occurred along the Cascadia subduction zone on January 26 with an estimated moment magnitude of 8.7–9.2.  The megathrust earthquake involved the Juan de Fuca Plate from mid-Vancouver Island, south along the Pacific Northwest coast as far as northern California. The length of the fault rupture was about 1,000 kilometers (620 miles), with an average slip of 20 meters (66 ft).

title: Mount Cayley volcanic field

text: American Plate at the Cascadia subduction zone along the British Columbia Coast. This is a long fault zone running off the Pacific Northwest from Northern California to southwestern British Columbia. The plates move at a relative rate of over per year at an oblique angle to the subduction zone. Because of the very large fault area, the Cascadia subduction zone can produce large earthquakes of magnitude 7.0 or greater. The interface between the Juan de Fuca and North American plates remains locked for periods of roughly 500 years. During these periods, stress builds up on the interface between the plates

title: Portland, Oregon

text: a hazard" than the Cascadia subduction zone due to their proximities to population centers, with the potential of producing magnitude 7 earthquakes. Notable earthquakes that have impacted the Portland area in recent history include the 6.8-magnitude Nisqually earthquake in 2001, and a 5.6-magnitude earthquake that struck on March 25, 1993. Per a 2014 report, over 7,000 locations within the Portland area are at high-risk for landslides and soil liquefaction in the event of a major earthquake, including much of the city's west side (such as Washington Park) and sections of Clackamas County. Portland is east of the Pacific Ocean at

title: Seattle Fault

text: their energy is dissipated. And there are the infrequent but very powerful great subduction events, such as the magnitude 9 1700 Cascadia earthquake, where the entire Cascadia subduction zone, from Cape Mendocino to Vancouver Island, slips. But the Seattle and Tacoma faults are probably the most serious earthquake threat to the populous Seattle–Tacoma area. A 2002 study of bridge vulnerability estimated that a magnitude 7 earthquake on the Seattle Fault would damage approximately 80 bridges in the Seattle–Tacoma area, whereas a magnitude 9 subduction event would damage only around 87 bridges in all of Western Washington. The same study also

title: 2001 Nisqually earthquake

text: 2001 Nisqually earthquake The 2001 Nisqually earthquake occurred at on February 28, 2001. The intraslab earthquake had a moment magnitude of 6.8 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII ("Severe"). The epicenter was in the southern Puget Sound, northeast of Olympia, but the shock was felt in Oregon, Canada, eastern Washington, and Idaho. This was one of several large earthquakes that occurred in the Puget Sound region in the prior 52 years and caused property damage valued at between one and four billion dollars. One person died of a heart attack and several hundred were injured. The Puget Sound area

title: 2001 Nisqually earthquake

text: is prone to deep earthquakes due to the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate's subduction under the North American Plate at 3.5 to 4.5 cm a year as part of the Cascadia subduction zone, which causes stress in the North American Plate as the Juan de Fuca Plate sinks into the mantle. Similar significant earthquakes occurred in the same general region on April 29, 1965 (magnitude 6.7, depth ), and April 13, 1949 (magnitude 6.7, depth ). Although there were no directly-related deaths, local news outlets reported that there was one death from a heart attack. About 400 people were injured.

title: 1872 North Cascades earthquake

text: be mapped to a corresponding moment magnitude. The intensities for twelve 20th-century Pacific Northwest earthquakes were used for calibration before analyzing the known intensities for the 1872 event in an attempt to resolve the location and magnitude. The reports were interpreted in a way that placed the epicenter near the south end of Lake Chelan, but other considerations left other plausible focal points both north and northeast of the lake. The magnitude was estimated to be 6.5–7.0 with 95% confidence. Using a similar strategy, S. D. Malone and S. Bor analyzed the known intensities for the 1872 shock, then compared

title: Seattle Fault

text: magnitude 7.0 earthquake. In addition to extensive damage to unreinforced structures and structures built on fill (such as much of Seattle's Pioneer Square area, the industrial area, and the waterfront), computer modeling has shown that such earthquakes could cause a tsunami of about high on Elliott Bay. The modeling shows that such a tsunami would also inundate the industrial areas on Commencement Bay 30 miles south (Tacoma) and low-lying areas on the Puyallup River delta. There is also concern that a severe or prolonged event could cause failure of the Duwamish or Puyallup River deltas, where the main port facilities

title: 2018 Gulf of Alaska earthquake

text: 2018 Gulf of Alaska earthquake On January 23, 2018, at 00:31 AKST, an earthquake occurred in the Gulf of Alaska near Kodiak Island. The earthquake, measured at 7.9 on the scale, was approximately southeast of Kodiak and happened at a depth of . It was initially measured as a M 8.2 event, but later downgraded by the United States Geological Survey. The earthquake was felt throughout most of southern Alaska, including the major cities of Anchorage and Fairbanks, and parts of neighboring British Columbia. The earthquake prompted tsunami warnings and advisories for Alaska, British Columbia, the U.S. West Coast, and

title: 1872 North Cascades earthquake

text: just south of the Canada–United States border at Ross Lake. The Cascadia subduction zone rarely influences the western portion of Washington state, but the November 1873 M7.3 shock near the California–Oregon border may have been associated with it. Although activity in the Pacific Northwest (especially west of the Cascades in Washington) has occasionally been located near the subduction zone, earthquakes there (1949 Olympia, 1965 Puget Sound, 2001 Nisqually) have mostly been intraslab events. A large M7 earthquake on the Seattle Fault in 900 C.E. may have generated a tsunami in Puget Sound. The 1872 event east of the Cascades is

title: 1872 North Cascades earthquake

text: reached the western portion of the state, near the highly populated Puget Sound region, and to the southeast beyond where the Hanford nuclear reactor site later stood. A relationship exists between the depth of the mainshock and the occurrence of aftershocks, and several Pacific Northwest earthquakes illustrate this link, like the February 1981 M5.5 Elk Lake event in southwest Washington that was followed by more than 1,000 in the first two years. The M7.3 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake in Montana had a significant sequence of aftershocks, and the shallow M7 1983 Borah Peak event was followed by four aftershocks. In

title: 1872 North Cascades earthquake

text: intensity patterns for a number of instrumentally recorded earthquakes that also occurred in the Pacific Northwest. A factor that was taken into consideration was that for earthquakes that have either circular or slightly elliptical isoseismal maps, the epicenter is usually close to the center of the pattern, but that for shocks where instrumental information are also available, the epicenter is sometimes not where it would have been assumed to be, had only the intensity information (and no instrumental information) been available. An isoseismal map of the 1949 Olympia earthquake was presented as an example of a distorted or convoluted pattern

title: 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake

text: also the most severe earthquake in the Rocky Mountain area of the United States along with the 6.9 magnitude earthquake which struck Idaho in 1983. The landslide caused by this quake was the largest since an earthquake in Wyoming in 1925 caused a landslide amounting to of rock and debris that left 28 people dead. The death toll from the quake was also the highest since the 1925 earthquake and most recent for the Northwestern United States since an earthquake in 1927 that left seven people dead. The 1959 earthquake was also the most damaging earthquake to occur in Montana

title: Paleoseismology

text: of the Pacific Northwest. It was thought for some time that there was low seismic hazard in region because relatively few modern earthquakes are being recorded. There was a concept that the subduction zone was merely sliding in a benign manner. All of these comforting notions were shattered by paleoseismology studies showing evidence of extremely large earthquakes (the most recent being in 1700), along with historical tsunami records. In effect, the subduction zone under British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and far northern California, is perfectly normal, being extremely hazardous in the long term, with the capability of generating coastal tsunamis of

title: Seattle

text: Union Bay. Due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, Seattle is in a major earthquake zone. On February 28, 2001, the magnitude 6.8 Nisqually earthquake did significant architectural damage, especially in the Pioneer Square area (built on reclaimed land, as are the Industrial District and part of the city center), but caused only one fatality. Other strong quakes occurred on January 26, 1700 (estimated at 9 magnitude), December 14, 1872 (7.3 or 7.4), April 13, 1949 (7.1), and April 29, 1965 (6.5). The 1965 quake caused three deaths in Seattle directly and one more by heart failure.

title: Willamette River

text: harm to the Oregon State Capitol in Salem. Evidence suggests that massive quakes of 8 or more on the Richter scale have occurred historically in the Cascadia subduction zone off the Oregon coast, most recently in 1700 CE, and that others as strong as 9 on the Richter scale occur every 500 to 800 years. The basin's high population density, its nearness to this subduction zone, and its loose soils, which tend to amplify shaking, make the Willamette Valley especially vulnerable to damage from strong earthquakes. The Willamette River drains a region of , which is 12 percent of the

title: 1700 Cascadia earthquake


question: when does the champions league quarter finals start

answers: 16 March 2018

answers: 3–4 April 2018

title: 2018–19 UEFA Champions League

text: The draw for the quarter-finals will be held on 15 March 2019. The first leg matches will be played on 9 and 10 April, and the second leg matches will be played on 16 and 17 April 2019. The draw for the semi-finals will be held on 15 March 2019 (after the quarter-final draw). The first leg matches will be played on 30 April and 1 May, and the second leg matches will be played on 7 and 8 May 2019. The final will be played on 1 June 2019 at the Wanda Metropolitano in Madrid. The "home" team (for

text: are held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland). The draw for the round of 16 was held on 17 December 2018, 12:00 CET. The first legs will be played on 12, 13, 19 and 20 February, and the second legs will be played on 5, 6, 12 and 13 March 2019. <section begin=R16 /> The draw for the quarter-finals will be held on 15 March 2019, 12:00 CET. The first legs will be played on 9 and 10 April, and the second legs will be played on 16 and 17 April 2019. The draw for the semi-finals will be

text: held on 15 March 2019, 12:00 CET (after the quarter-final draw). The first legs will be played on 30 April and 1 May, and the second legs will be played on 7 and 8 May 2019. The final will be played on 1 June 2019 at the Wanda Metropolitano in Madrid. The "home" team (for administrative purposes) will be determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws. 2018–19 UEFA Champions League knockout phase The 2018–19 UEFA Champions League knockout phase is scheduled to begin on 12 February and end on 1 June 2019 with the final

title: 2015–16 UEFA Champions League

text: 16 was held on 14 December 2015. The first legs were played on 16, 17, 23 and 24 February, and the second legs were played on 8, 9, 15 and 16 March 2016. The draw for the quarter-finals was held on 18 March 2016. The first legs were played on 5 and 6 April, and the second legs were played on 12 and 13 April 2016. The draw for the semi-finals was held on 15 April 2016. The first legs were played on 26 and 27 April, and the second legs were played on 3 and 4 May 2016. The

text:
time since the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League, all the four teams at this stage represent different national associations.
 The first legs were played on 24 and 25 April, and the second legs were played on 1 and 2 May 2018. "Real Madrid won 4–3 on aggregate." "Liverpool won 7–6 on aggregate."
 The final was played at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kiev on 26 May 2018. The "home" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the semi-final draw.
 2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase The 2017–18

title: 2019 UEFA Champions League Final

text: García, who won the UEFA Champions League with Liverpool in 2005. The "home" team (for administrative purposes) will be determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws, which will be held on 15 March 2019, 13:00 CET, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> 2019 UEFA Champions League Final The 2019 UEFA Champions League Final will be the final match of the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League, the 64th season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 27th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA

title: 2014–15 UEFA Champions League

text: played on 17, 18, 24 and 25 February, and the second legs were played on 10, 11, 17 and 18 March 2015. The draw for the quarter-finals was held on 20 March 2015. The first legs were played on 14 and 15 April, and the second legs were played on 21 and 22 April 2015. The draw for the semi-finals and final (to determine the "home" team for administrative purposes) was held on 24 April 2015. The first legs were played on 5 and 6 May, and the second legs were played on 12 and 13 May 2015. Statistics exclude

title: 2016–17 UEFA Champions League

text: on 17 March 2017. The first legs were played on 11 and 12 April, and the second legs were played on 18 and 19 April 2017. The draw for the semi-finals was held on 21 April 2017. The first legs were played on 2 and 3 May, and the second legs were played on 9 and 10 May 2017. The final was played on 3 June 2017 at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, Wales. The "home" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the semi-final draw. Statistics exclude qualifying rounds and play-off round. The UEFA

title: 2012–13 UEFA Champions League

text: 13, 19 and 20 February, and the second legs were played on 5, 6, 12 and 13 March 2013. The draw for the quarter-finals was held on 15 March 2013. The first legs were played on 2 and 3 April, and the second legs were played on 9 and 10 April 2013. The draw for the semi-finals and final (to determine the "home" team for administrative purposes) was held on 12 April 2013. The first legs were played on 23 and 24 April, and the second legs were played on 30 April and 1 May 2013. The final was played

text: and 24 April, and the second legs were played on 30 April and 1 May 2013. "Borussia Dortmund won 4–3 on aggregate." "Bayern Munich won 7–0 on aggregate." The final was played on 25 May 2013 at Wembley Stadium in London, England. 2012–13 UEFA Champions League knockout phase The knockout phase of the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League began on 12 February and concluded on 25 May 2013 with the final at Wembley Stadium in London, England. Times up to 30 March 2013 (round of 16) are CET (), thereafter (quarter-finals and beyond) times are CEST (). All draws are held

text: (after the quarter-final draw). The first legs will be played on 2 May, and the second legs will be played on 9 May 2019. The final will be played on 29 May 2019 at the Olympic Stadium in Baku. The "home" team (for administrative purposes) will be determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws. 2018–19 UEFA Europa League knockout phase The 2018–19 UEFA Europa League knockout phase is scheduled to begin on 12 February and end on 29 May 2019 with the final at the Olympic Stadium in Baku, Azerbaijan, to decide the champions of

text: and the second legs will be played on 20 and 21 February 2019. <section begin=R32 /> The draw for the round of 16 will be held on 22 February 2019, 13:00 CET. The first legs will be played on 7 March, and the second legs will be played on 14 March 2019. The draw for the quarter-finals will be held on 15 March 2019, 13:00 CET. The first legs will be played on 11 April, and the second legs will be played on 18 April 2019. The draw for the semi-finals will be held on 15 March 2019, 13:00 CET

text: held after the semi-final draw. 2016–17 UEFA Champions League knockout phase The 2016–17 UEFA Champions League knockout phase began on 14 February and ended on 3 June 2017 with the final at Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, Wales, to decide the champions of the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League. A total of 16 teams competed in the knockout phase. Times are CET/CEST, as listed by UEFA (local times are in parentheses). The schedule of the competition was as follows (all draws were held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland, unless stated otherwise). The knockout phase involves the 16 teams which qualified

title: 2017–18 UEFA Women's Champions League knockout phase

text:
November 2017, 13:30 CET, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland.

 The first legs were played on 21 and 22 March, and the second legs on 28 March 2018. "Chelsea won 5–1 on aggregate." "Wolfsburg won 6–1 on aggregate." "Manchester City won 7–3 on aggregate." "Lyon won 3–1 on aggregate."
 The draw for the semi-finals was held on 24 November 2017, 13:30 CET (together with the quarter-final draw), at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland.

 The first legs were played on 22 April, and the second legs

text: The draw for the quarter-finals was held on 16 March 2018, 12:00 CET.

title: 2018–19 UEFA Europa League

text: will be held on 15 March 2019. The first legs will be played on 11 April, and the second legs will be played on 18 April 2019. The draw for the semi-finals will be held on 15 March 2019 (after the quarter-final draw). The first legs will be played on 2 May, and the second legs will be played on 9 May 2019. The final will be played on 29 May 2019 at the Olympic Stadium in Baku. The "home" team (for administrative purposes) will be determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws. Statistics exclude

title: 2008–09 UEFA Champions League

text: be played on 15 April; the match was played on 14 April. Porto's 1–0 loss to Manchester United in the second leg of the quarter-finals was the club's first ever home defeat to English opposition. The first leg matches were played on 28 April and 29 April, while the second leg matches were played on 5 May and 6 May 2009. As in 2007–08, the semi-final teams consisted of three Premier League sides and Barcelona. This was the third consecutive season in which three of the four semi-final teams were English. Manchester United were the first defending champions to reach

title: 2016–17 UEFA Women's Champions League knockout phase

text:
The draws for the quarter-finals and semi-finals were held on 25 November 2016, 13:30 CET, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland.
 The first legs were played on 22 and 23 March, and the second legs on 29 and 30 March 2017. "Manchester City won 2–0 on aggregate." "Barcelona won 3–0 on aggregate." "Lyon won 2–1 on aggregate." "Paris Saint-Germain won 4–1 on aggregate."
 The first legs were played on 22 April, and the second legs on 29 April 2017. "Paris Saint-Germain won 5–1 on aggregate." "Lyon won 3–2 on aggregate." The final was

title: 2009–10 UEFA Champions League

text: were drawn against the eight group runners-up, with the restriction that teams from the same group or the same association cannot be drawn with each other. The draws for the quarter-finals, semi-finals and final (to determine the "home" team) was held on 19 March 2010, conducted by Gianni Infantino and Emilio Butragueño, the ambassador for the final in Madrid. From the quarter-finals onwards, there were no seedings, and teams from the same group or the same association may be drawn with each other. Starting from this season, the matches in the round of 16 were held over four weeks, instead

title: 2009–10 in English football

text: they are eliminated by Barcelona in the quarter-finals. 7 April: Manchester United's hopes of winning the UEFA Champions League are ended when they are eliminated in the quarter-finals by Bayern Munich on away goals. 8 April: Fulham reach the UEFA Europa League semi-finals with a 3–1 aggregate win over VfL Wolfsburg in the quarter-finals. Liverpool also reach the semi-finals by eliminating Benfica. 10 April: Portsmouth become the first Premier League club to be relegated this season when fellow relegation side West Ham United beat Sunderland 1–0, while West Bromwich Albion are promoted to the Premier League for the fourth time

title: 2010–11 UEFA Champions League

text: play in the knockout stages of the tournament. In the knockout phase, teams play against each other over two legs on a home-and-away basis, except for the one-match final. The draw for the round of 16 was held on 17 December 2010. The draws for the quarter-finals, semi-finals and final (to determine the "home" team) was held on 18 March 2011. The first legs of the round of 16 were played on 15, 16, 22 and 23 February, and the second legs were played on 8, 9, 15 and 16 March 2011. The first legs were played on 5 and

title: 2016–17 UEFA Women's Champions League

text: 1 September 2016, 13:30 CEST, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. The draw for the round of 16 was held on 17 October 2016, 13:30 CEST, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. The draws for the quarter-finals and semi-finals was held on 25 November 2016, 13:30 CET, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. The final was played on 1 June 2017 at the Cardiff City Stadium in Cardiff, Wales. The "home" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws. Qualifying goals count towards the topscorer award. The UEFA

text: 2012–13 UEFA Champions League knockout phase The knockout phase of the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League began on 12 February and concluded on 25 May 2013 with the final at Wembley Stadium in London, England. Times up to 30 March 2013 (round of 16) are CET (), thereafter (quarter-finals and beyond) times are CEST (). All draws are held at UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. The knockout phase involves the sixteen teams who finished in the top two in each of their groups in the group stage. Each tie in the knockout phase, apart from the final, is played over two

title: 2007–08 UEFA Champions League knockout stage

text: or country could be drawn together from the quarter-finals onwards. The first legs of the quarter-finals were played on 1 April and 2 April, while the second legs were played on 8 April and 9 April 2008. "All times CEST" "All times CEST" "Liverpool won 5–3 on aggregate." "Chelsea won 3–2 on aggregate." "Manchester United won 3–0 on aggregate." "Barcelona won 2–0 on aggregate." The first legs of the semi-finals were played on 22 April and 23 April, while the second legs were played on 29 April and 30 April 2008. "Manchester United won 1–0 on aggregate." "Chelsea won 4–3

title: 2019 UEFA Europa League Final

text: (for administrative purposes) will be determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws, which will be held on 15 March 2019 at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> 2019 UEFA Europa League Final The 2019 UEFA Europa League Final will be the final match of the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League, the 48th season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 10th season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League. It will be played at the Olympic Stadium in Baku, Azerbaijan on 29 May 2019. Starting

title: 2018–19 UEFA Youth League knockout phase

text:
winners advance to the round of 16, where they are joined by the eight group winners from the UEFA Champions League Path.
 The draw for the round of 16 onwards will be held on 22 February 2019 at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. The mechanism of the draws for each round is as follows:

 The round of 16 matches will be played on 12 and 13 March 2019.
 The quarter-finals will be played on 2 and 3 April 2019.
 The semi-finals

title: 2008–09 UEFA Champions League

text: the semi-finals since the introduction of the first knockout round in the 2003–04 season. Chelsea were knocked out by Barcelona after a highly controversial performance by referee Tom Henning Øvrebø, while Arsenal's 3–1 loss to Manchester United in the second leg of the semi-finals was the club's first defeat at the Emirates Stadium in a European competition. The 2009 UEFA Champions League Final was played at 20:45 CEST on 27 May 2009 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, Italy. Barcelona won the match 2–0, with goals from Samuel Eto'o and Lionel Messi. Barcelona's victory also meant that they became the

text:
was held on 11 December 2017, 12:00 CET.
 With five English teams in the round of 16, this was the first time five teams from one association qualified for the Champions League knockout phase.
 The first legs were played on 13, 14, 20 and 21 February, and the second legs were played on 6, 7, 13 and 14 March 2018. "Juventus won 4–3 on aggregate." "Manchester City won 5–2 on aggregate." "Liverpool won 5–0 on aggregate." "Sevilla won 2–1 on aggregate." "Real Madrid won 5–2 on aggregate." "2–2 on aggregate. Roma won on away goals."

text:
20 and 21 April, and the second legs on 27 and 28 April 2019.
 The final will be played on 18 May 2019 at the Groupama Arena in Budapest. The "home" team for the final (for administrative purposes) will be determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws.
 2018–19 UEFA Women's Champions League knockout phase The 2018–19 UEFA Women's Champions League knockout phase is scheduled to begin on 12 September 2018 and end on 18 May 2019 with the final at Groupama Arena in Budapest, Hungary, to decide the champions

text:
i.e. if there are goals scored during extra time and the aggregate score is still level, the visiting team advances by virtue of more away goals scored. If no goals are scored during extra time, the tie is decided by penalty shoot-out. In the final, which is played as a single match, if scores are level at the end of normal time, extra time is played, followed by penalty shoot-out if scores remain tied. The mechanism of the draws for each round is as follows:

 The draw was held on 12 December 2016. The first


question: who is the head a in pretty little liars

answers: CeCe Drake

title: Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists

text: and the second spin-off series following "Ravenswood". On September 25, 2017, it was announced that Sasha Pieterse and Janel Parrish had been cast to reprise their roles from mother series "Pretty Little Liars" as Alison DiLaurentis and Mona Vanderwaal, respectively. On January 29, 2018, it was announced that Sofia Carson had been cast in the role of Ava, one of the series' protagonists. On March 9 several cast members were announced with "Deadline Hollywood" announcing that Kelly Rutherford best known for CW's "Gossip Girl" will be playing Claire Hotchkiss. Furthermore, it was announced that Sydney Park best known for her

title: Pretty Little Liars (season 6)

text: was allegedly leaked on Reddit. The person behind the account claimed to have been fired after being a PA at the set of "Pretty Little Liars" after failing a drug test, and could therefore reveal information about the show. Showrunner I. Marlene King took to Instagram, where she posted a picture and reassured the audience that the claims were false and that the identity of 'A' had not been leaked. ABC Family responded to the leaks, stating, "All of the info on the site is false. No crew member was fired from PLL and we believe it is just a

title: Pretty Little Liars (season 7)

text: down the new 'A'. Troian Bellisario played Spencer Hastings, who has relationship problems with Caleb, while Ashley Benson played Hanna Marin, who was kidnapped at the end of last season. Lucy Hale continued her role as Aria Montgomery as she is set in a love triangle with Ezra and her boyfriend Liam. Shay Mitchell portrayed Emily Fields who begins to rekindle her relationship with Alison. Sasha Pieterse continued to portray Alison DiLaurentis as Alison struggles with being in a psych-ward. Janel Parrish returned as Mona Vanderwaal who seems to be finally on their side. Tyler Blackburn continues to play Caleb

title: Pretty Little Liars

text: Pretty Little Liars Pretty Little Liars is an American teen drama mystery thriller television series developed by I. Marlene King and is loosely based on the novel series of the same name written by Sara Shepard. The series follows the lives of four girls whose clique falls apart after the disappearance of their leader. One year later, the estranged friends are reunited as they begin receiving messages from a mysterious figure named "A" who threatens to expose their deepest secrets. The series features an ensemble cast, headed by Troian Bellisario as Spencer Hastings, Lucy Hale as Aria Montgomery, Ashley Benson

title: Pretty Little Liars (novel)

text: DiLaurentis knew). Pretty Little Liars (novel) Pretty Little Liars is the first book in the "Pretty Little Liars" series by Sara Shepard. It tells the story of four girls - Hanna, Aria, Emily and Spencer - after the disappearance of their clique leader, Alison. The book was written for the book packaging company Alloy Entertainment, the idea originally developed as a TV series. The story introduces an exclusive group of friends: Alison DiLaurentis, the perfect yet manipulative queen bee, Aria Montgomery, an independent girl who is considered to be the weirdo in Rosewood, Emily Fields, a swimmer who holds secret

title: Pretty Little Liars (book series)

text: face and her neck is caught between rocks. However, a new "A" rises, this time even more determined to hurt the Liars. This A is revealed to be Alison herself who wanted revenge on the Liars for ruining her life and Nick, who is revealed to be her accomplice. Pretty Little Liars (book series) Pretty Little Liars is a series of young adult novels by Sara Shepard. Beginning with 2006's initial novel of the same name, the series follows the lives of four girls – Spencer Hastings, Hanna Marin, Aria Montgomery and Emily Fields. The novels have appeared on "The

title: Pretty Little Liars (book series)

text: she eventually turned into and befriended the Liars up until the night of her infamous disappearance when she was killed and buried by the real Alison DiLaurentis and her accomplice Nick Maxwell. A: A is the main antagonist of the series, being, for the most part, an anonymous character who relentlessly torments many characters, in particular the Liars. Mona Vanderwaal, Alison DiLaurentis and Nick Maxwell are discovered to be A. Mona became A due to Alison and the Liars being responsible for The Jenna Thing, which burned her too. However, she is killed when Spencer pushes her off a cliff

title: Pretty Little Liars

text: featuring the cast and executive producer King discussing the series ending. On September 25, 2017, Freeform announced that a second spin-off series, titled "", had been ordered, with Pieterse and Parrish reprising their roles as Alison DiLaurentis and Mona Vanderwaal respectively. On May 14, 2018, Freeform picked up the series for a 10-episode first season, set to air in 2019. In a 2018 panel, Parrish said that some plot points created in "Pretty Little Liars" will be resolved during the spin-off. Set in the small suburban town of Rosewood, Pennsylvania, the series follows the lives of five girls: Spencer Hastings,

title: 'A' Is for A-l-i-v-e

text: announced that Sean Faris would join the show and would be playing Pennsylvania state police officer Gabriel Holbrook. 'A' Is for A-l-i-v-e "'A' Is for A-l-i-v-e" is the first episode, and the premiere of the fourth season of the American mystery drama television series "Pretty Little Liars", and is the 72nd episode overall, which aired on ABC Family on June 11, 2013. The episode was written and directed by showrunner I. Marlene King, marking the second episode King has directed for the TV series. In the episode, Aria, Emily, Hanna, and Spencer try to find answers by questioning Mona about

title: Sara Shepard

text: confirmed the cancellation of "The Lying Game" in July 2013, after Alexandra Chando had herself announced the news on Twitter and Instagram. Chando starred as the main two characters Sutton Mercer and Emma Becker. On September 27, 2017, it was announced that Shephard’s 2014 book series "The Perfectionists" would be as a sequel to the series "Pretty Little Liars" which will air on Freeform. Sasha Pieterse and Janel Parrish have confirmed to reprise their role as Alison DiLaurentis and Mona Vanderwaal. Sofia Carson, Sydney Park, Eli Brown and Kelly Rutherford have confirmed to be cast in "Pretty Little Liars: The

title: Pretty Little Liars (season 2)

text: Robinson, and Julian Morris, who will all reprise their roles from the first season. Annabeth Gish appears as Anne Sullivan, a therapist whom the girls' parents feel can help them on their problems.Andrea Parker will play Jessica DiLaurentis, Alison's mother, who returns to Rosewood to help out with a fashion show being held in Alison's honour. Actor Drew Van Acker also joined the cast playing Jason DiLaurentis, replacing Parker Bagley. Pretty Little Liars (season 2) The second season of Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, premiered on June 14, 2011 and concluded

title: Pretty Little Liars (season 5)

text: of the series continue the roles. Troian Bellisario played Spencer Hastings, who struggles with family drama. Ashley Benson continued her role as Hanna Marin, whom finds herself in an identity crisis as a result of Alison's return. Lucy Hale played Aria Montgomery who volunteers to work at Radley Sanitarium in addition to build up her relationship with Ezra. Shay Mitchell portrayed Emily Fields who is affected the most of Alison's return, which makes her confront her feelings towards Ali. Sasha Pieterse returned as Alison DiLaurentis, who moves back home after being presumably dead the last two years, which makes her

title: Alison DiLaurentis

text: the original series. "Pretty Little Liars" is a series of books which revolves around the lives of four teenagers in Rosewood, Pennsylvania whom each struggle with different physical and psychological issues, as well as living in danger because of a dangerous stalker who emerges after the four's best friend and leader Alison DiLaurentis vanishes and is found dead. The twin sisters Alison and Courtney Day-DiLaurentis were born on June 6, 1990, the fruits of a secret sexual relationship between Jessica DiLaurentis and Peter Hastings. They were identical, but completely opposite in personality. Both were popular in her hometown, but Alison

title: Pretty Little Liars (season 3)

text: elusive "A" that had been creatively and relentlessly tormenting the four main characters, Aria Montgomery (Lucy Hale), Spencer Hastings (Troian Bellisario), Hanna Marin (Ashley Benson), and Emily Fields (Shay Mitchell) for the past year. The first half of the season addresses the issue of whether or not Garrett Reynolds (Yani Gellman) actually killed or was involved in the murder of the girls' former friend and queen bee, Alison DiLaurentis (Sasha Pieterse) and who killed Maya St. Germain (Bianca Lawson) in the season two finale, while the second half deals with the reveal that Toby Cavanaugh is a member of the

title: A (Pretty Little Liars)

title: Pretty Little Liars (season 6)

text: Brown. However, it was revealed that Davis will instead be playing Sara Harvey, a girl who went missing the same time as Alison. It was announced on April 21, 2015, that Troian Bellisario's real life best friend Lulu Brud Zsebe would appear on the show as Sabrina, which Bellisario commented "It's a pinch me I'm dreaming scenario." On April 24, 2015, it was announced that actor Titus Makin Jr. had joined the cast, as his audition playing Lorenzo was leaked, however on May 27, 2015, it was announced that Travis Winfrey will be the one playing Lorenzo, who will be

title: A Is for Answers

text: A Is for Answers "A Is for Answers" is the twenty-fourth episode of the fourth season and the ninety-fifth episode of the ABC Family mystery drama series "Pretty Little Liars". The episode, serving as the fourth-season finale and the winter finale, was broadcast on March 18, 2014. It was directed and written by I. Marlene King and features a guest appearance from Ryan Merriman, his first since the second-season episode "The Blond Leading the Blind", as Ian Thomas, Melissa Hastings' deceased husband who was suspected of killing Alison. In the episode, the girls finally meet up with Alison in Philadelphia

title: Pilot (Pretty Little Liars)

text: "Pretty Little Liars" television pilot in October 2009. Lucy Hale was cast as Aria Montgomery in the project, followed by Troian Bellisario as Spencer Hastings and Ian Harding as Ezra Fitz in November 2009. In December 2009, "The Futon Critic" confirmed the casting of Ashley Benson as Hanna Marin and Shay Mitchell as Emily Fields, as well as the addition of Laura Leighton as Ashley Marin, Nia Peeples as Pam Fields, Roark Critchlow as Tom Marin, and Bianca Lawson as Maya. Mitchell had initially auditioned for the role of Spencer and then tried for Emily. "The Hollywood Reporter" also noted

title: Pretty Little Liars (novel)

text: Pretty Little Liars (novel) Pretty Little Liars is the first book in the "Pretty Little Liars" series by Sara Shepard. It tells the story of four girls - Hanna, Aria, Emily and Spencer - after the disappearance of their clique leader, Alison. The book was written for the book packaging company Alloy Entertainment, the idea originally developed as a TV series. The story introduces an exclusive group of friends: Alison DiLaurentis, the perfect yet manipulative queen bee, Aria Montgomery, an independent girl who is considered to be the weirdo in Rosewood, Emily Fields, a swimmer who holds secret feelings for

title: Spencer Hastings

text: of their classes and having winning essays. Throughout the story, the sisters make up, and in the later books they share a strong bond. Troian Bellisario was cast as Spencer Hastings for the "Pretty Little Liars" television series adaptation in November 2009. Spencer is a focused and intelligent girl. Unlike in the books, Spencer is more emotional and sentimental, and has great affection for her family and friends, and is also known to be more humorous than her book counterpart. She's the most academically gifted of her friends, and in the running for valedictorian. Spencer is on the Rosewood Day

title: Holly Marie Combs

text: of the same name. However, that version of the show never made it to air. (ABC later made a version featuring Combs's former "Charmed" co-star Alyssa Milano.) In 2010, Combs was cast in the Freeform series "Pretty Little Liars" as Ella Montgomery, the mother of one of the main characters, Aria Montgomery (played by Lucy Hale). Combs was a series regular for the first three seasons, but became credited as a special guest star from season four onwards. "Pretty Little Liars" ended after seven seasons, and Combs returned for the show's final episode on June 27, 2017. Combs and Doherty

title: Pretty Little Liars

text: characters' secrets. On May 23, 2011, Andrea Parker signed up to appear as Jessica DiLaurentis, Alison's mother. On June 29, 2011, it was announced that Natalie Hall would be replacing Natalie Floyd as Hanna's soon-to-be stepsister, Kate. On January 30, 2012, "The Hollywood Reporter" reported that Tyler Blackburn had been promoted to series regular for the third season. In March 2012, Janel Parrish was also promoted from recurring to series regular for the third season. On March 16, 2016, "TVLine" reported that Andrea Parker was added as a series regular for the seventh season. "Pretty Little Liars" was called one

title: Pretty Little Liars

text: Hastings and Ian Harding as Ezra Fitz in November 2009. In December 2009, The Futon Critic confirmed the casting of Ashley Benson as Hanna Marin and Shay Mitchell as Emily Fields, as well as the addition of Laura Leighton as Ashley Marin, Nia Peeples as Pam Fields, Roark Critchlow as Tom Marin, and Bianca Lawson as Maya. Mitchell had initially auditioned for the role of Spencer and then tried for Emily. "The Hollywood Reporter" also noted that Torrey DeVitto and Sasha Pieterse landed recurring roles in the pilot. The Alloy website later confirmed that Pieterse would be playing Alison DiLaurentis

title: Pretty Little Liars (season 5)

text: the attention of the town. Janel Parrish played Mona Vanderwaal, who starts a group against Alison. Tyler Blackburn returned to the series as Caleb Rivers after playing the same character on "Ravenswood", while Ian Harding continued his role as Ezra Fitz who is almost killed after being shot in the abdomen by Shana. In addition, Laura Leighton played Ashley Marin, Hanna's mom. On March 12, 2014, it was announced that Tyler Blackburn would be returning as a series regular on the show after leaving halfway through the fourth season for the sister show; "Ravenswood", and would return in the 100th

text: For Whom the Bell Tolls (Pretty Little Liars) "For Whom the Bell Tolls" is the season finale of the first season of the American mystery-drama series "Pretty Little Liars", based on the novels written by Sara Shepard, and the twenty-second episode of the series overall. It originally aired on ABC Family in the United States on March 21, 2011. The episode was directed by Lesli Linka Glatter and written by I. Marlene King. In the episode, the girls plan to expose Ian as Alison's murderer after finding video files of them changing in their rooms. Meanwhile, each of the girls

title: Brant Daugherty

text: a trip to Amsterdam. Brant Daugherty Brant David Daugherty (born August 20, 1985) is an American actor, known for his recurring role as Noel Kahn on the teen drama television series "Pretty Little Liars". In 2013, he had a recurring role as Brian in the long-running NBC daytime drama "Days of Our Lives". In 2013, he was a regular of the cast of Lifetime Network's "Army Wives" for season 7, which began airing in April 2013, in the role of Patrick Clarke. He had a credited role in Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer's motion picture comedy film "The Starving Games"

title: Drew Van Acker

text: was announced he had joined the cast of "Pretty Little Liars" for the second season to replace Parker Bagley, who played Jason DiLaurentis during the first season. He has been cast on Lifetime's show "Devious Maids" as Remi Delatour. Drew Van Acker Drew Van Acker (born April 2, 1986) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Jason DiLaurentis, the older brother of Alison DiLaurentis (Sasha Pieterse) on ABC Family's "Pretty Little Liars" (2010–2017) and Ian Archer in Cartoon Network's "Tower Prep" (2010). He has also starred as Remi Delatour on Lifetime's "Devious Maids" (2013–2015), and as Detective

title: Melissa Hastings

text: Melissa Hastings Melissa Hastings is a fictional character in the "Pretty Little Liars" franchise. Created in 2006 by Sara Shepard for the book series, the character was later reworked by I. Marlene King, the developer of the television series, in which she is portrayed by Torrey DeVitto. An antiheroine, Melissa is primarily sister to protagonist Spencer Hastings, and the daughter of Peter and Veronica Hastings. She is a fierce woman who does everything to succeed in her life goals. In print, she is a guest character, while on screen Melissa has a much bigger presence in the story. Melissa has

title: Mary Drake

text: Mary Drake Mary Drake is a fictional character created by I. Marlene King and portrayed by Andrea Parker in the American television series "Pretty Little Liars". "Pretty Little Liars" is a television adaptation of the novel series of the same name written by Sara Shepard, in which the antagonist Alison DiLaurentis has an identical twin sister, Courtney DiLaurentis. It is believed that Mary is the on-screen counterpart of Courtney, though her recent characterization is more in line with Alison. The character makes her first official introduction during the sixth-season finale "Hush, Hush, Sweet Liars". The Liars discover that Mary is

title: Laura Leighton

text: been cast in a lead role in the TV series "Pretty Little Liars", a TV adaptation of a book of the same name by Sara Shepard as Ashley Marin, the mother of Hanna Marin played by Ashley Benson, one of the four main characters on the show. Leighton stayed with "Pretty Little Liars" for all seven seasons until the show's end in June 2017. Following her performance in the second season of "Melrose Place", Leighton was featured on the cover of "Entertainment Weekly"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s 1994 Fall TV Preview issue. She appeared on the cover of "Rolling Stone" with her co-stars Heather

title: A (Pretty Little Liars)

long_answer: After the revelation of Mona Vanderwaal as the first and original "A", she began receiving visits from someone, known as Red Coat, who offered her a partnership and together they built up the "A-Team". The team had many members but disbanded after the season three finale and Big A began working with a single ally. The identity of the second "A", Red Coat, and the leader of the "A-Team" was revealed to be CeCe Drake, while her ally that donned the Black Widow and other Red Coat disguise was revealed to be Sara Harvey. Five years later, a new mysterious entity arises and begins using Emojis to communicate but later baptizes themselves as "A.D.", while the Liars refer to the anonymous figure as Uber A. Then, in the Series Finale, "A.D." reveals themselves to be Alex Drake, the twin sister of Spencer.


question: when did the term sustainability start to be used

answers: 1987

title: History of sustainability

text: it provides an inclusive and ethical economic model for society. A plethora of new concepts to help implement and measure sustainability are becoming more widely accepted including the car-free movement, smart growth (more sustainable urban environments), life cycle assessment (the cradle to cradle analysis of resource use and environmental impact over the life cycle of a product or process), ecological footprint analysis, green building, dematerialization (increased recycling of materials), decarbonisation (removing dependence on fossil fuels) and much more. The work of Bina Agarwal and Vandana Shiva amongst many others, has brought some of the cultural wisdom of traditional, sustainable agrarian

title: Sustainability in construction

text: policy was based on energy, mineral resources, land use and biodiversity, and they defined sustainable construction as "a way of building which aims at reducing (negative) health and environmental impacts caused by the construction process or by buildings or by the built-up environment." Definitions of "sustainable construction" include: Sustainability is not a new concept in the construction industry. The emergence of the awareness of sustainability at modern time was back to 1970 s when the oil crises happened. It was at that time when people started to realize the necessity and urgency to conserve energy, to utilize energy in an

text: Claire, Perrault and Clark found that about one-third of students surveyed did not know their campus had a Student Office of Sustainability, and nearly 80% did not know their own student fees were being used to pay for its $200,000 annual budget since its inception in 2011. When asked to define the term "sustainability," students also had a fairly uni-dimensional understanding of the concept - with the majority discussing the importance of simply maintaining the status-quo. While environmental factors were noted in about one-third of responses, the social and economic factors of the sustainability triad were largely not mentioned. If

title: History of sustainability

text: History of sustainability The history of sustainability traces human-dominated ecological systems from the earliest civilizations to the present. This history is characterized by the increased regional success of a particular society, followed by crises that were either resolved, producing sustainability, or not, leading to decline. In early human history, the use of fire and desire for specific foods may have altered the natural composition of plant and animal communities. Between 8,000 and 10,000 years ago, agrarian communities emerged which depended largely on their environment and the creation of a "structure of permanence". The Western industrial revolution of the 18th to

title: Sustainable industries

text: Sustainable industries The phrase sustainable industries is related to the development of industrial processes in a sustainable way. The earliest mention of the phrase "sustainable industries" appeared in 1990 in a story about a Japanese group reforesting a tropical forest to help create sustainable industries for the local populace. Soon after, a study entitled “Jobs in a Sustainable Economy” by Michael Renner of the Worldwatch Institute was published, using the term "sustainable industries". This 1991 report concluded, "Contrary to the jobs-versus-owls rhetoric that blames environmental restrictions for layoffs, the movement toward an environmentally sustainable global economy will create far more

title: Regenerative design

text: all sectors increasing rapidly each year. In the book "Regenerative Development and Design: A Framework for Evolving Sustainability", the Regenesis Group asserts that the sustainability “debate is shifting from whether we should work on sustainability to how we’re going to get it done.” Sustainability was first viewed as a “steady state of equilibrium” in which there was a balance between inputs and outputs with the idea that sustainable practices meant future resources were not compromised by current processes. As this idea of sustainability and sustainable building has become more widely accepted and adopted, the idea of “net-zero” and even “net-positive”

title: Sustainable national income

text: sustainable situation. If the distance decreases then we are on the road to environmental sustainability, the part of the production that is based on unsustainable use of the environment decreases. If the distance increases then we are drifting further away from sustainability. The original concept of ´sustainability´ refers to an equilibrium relation between human activities and their physical surroundings and has a long tradition going back to the nineteenth century. The sustainable national income is based on a definition of sustainability in conformity with this. The original concept of sustainability is introduced in the international discussion by 1980 publication of

title: Sustainable development

text: the development of the environmental movement in the 1960s. Following the publication of Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring" in 1962, the developing environmental movement drew attention to the relationship between economic growth and development and environmental degradation. Kenneth E. Boulding in his influential 1966 essay "The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth" identified the need for the economic system to fit itself to the ecological system with its limited pools of resources. One of the first uses of the term sustainable in the contemporary sense was by the Club of Rome in 1972 in its classic report on the "Limits to

title: Sustainability in construction

text: "the creation and responsible management of a healthy built environment based on resource efficient and ecological principles." The definition of "Sustainable Construction" is a living concept and varies in different scenarios based on peoples’ needs. Taken as the starting point, the definition above has been reinterpreted and expanded based on different approaches and priorities from country to country. In a study led by the International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB) and carried out with the collaboration of experts from countries around the world, different definitions were given. For example, in the Netherlands, the government sustainable

title: Sustainability

text: building, sustainable agriculture), or work practices (sustainable architecture), using science to develop new technologies (green technologies, renewable energy and sustainable fission and fusion power), or designing systems in a flexible and reversible manner, and adjusting individual lifestyles that conserve natural resources. "The term 'sustainability' should be viewed as humanity's target goal of human-ecosystem equilibrium (homeostasis), while 'sustainable development' refers to the holistic approach and temporal processes that lead us to the end point of sustainability." (305) Despite the increased popularity of the use of the term "sustainability", the possibility that human societies will achieve environmental sustainability has been, and continues

title: Sustainability in construction

text: Sustainability in construction Sustainability during the construction phase is one of the aspects of “green building," defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as "the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction." While "sustainable development" had already been discussed for years, "sustainable "construction"" was first coined by Professor Charles J. Kibert in a 1994 conference, the Final Session of the First International Conference of CIB TG 16 on Sustainable Construction in Tampa, Florida. Kibert defined "sustainable construction" as

title: Sustainability advertising

text: arose” and were later accompanied by an intensive mediatization of environmental issues in the 1980s. For example: the discovery of the ´hole in the ozone layer` in 1985 and Chernobyl in 1986. By this time, green marketing and environmental marketing concepts were built up and elements from the product life cycle assessment (associated with environmental marketing) as well as destruction of ecosystems and poverty in developing countries (associated with green marketing) were considered in the advertising campaigns. Lately, the concept of sustainability advertising has evolved as it is defined in the first part of this article. It has encountered critics,

title: Sustainability

text: that were now being enjoyed. In the late 20th century, environmental problems became global in scale. The 1973 and 1979 energy crises demonstrated the extent to which the global community had become dependent on non-renewable energy resources. In the 21st century, there is increasing global awareness of the threat posed by the human greenhouse effect, produced largely by forest clearing and the burning of fossil fuels. The philosophical and analytic framework of sustainability draws on and connects with many different disciplines and fields; in recent years an area that has come to be called sustainability science has emerged. Sustainability is

title: Sustainable urbanism

text: management, which denote the processes of planning, designing, and building urban settlements that are more sustainable than if they were not planned according to sustainability criteria and principles . The origin of the term sustainable urbanism has been attributed to Professor Susan Owens of Cambridge University in the UK in the 1990s, according to her doctoral student and now professor of architecture Phillip Tabb. The first university graduate program named Sustainable Urbanism was founded by professors Michael Neuman and Phillip Tabb at Texas A&M University in 2002 . There are now dozens of university programs with that name worldwide. As

title: History of sustainability

title: Students of Sustainability

text: Students of Sustainability Students of Sustainability (SoS) is an annual conference of the Australian student environment and social justice movement and predates the Australian Student Environment Network (ASEN). The first Students of Sustainability conference was held at ANU in 1991 when it was called Students, Science and Sustainability. The name changed in 1995 to Students and Sustainability and then again in 2003 to Students of Sustainability. In each case the name changes were to make the conference open to a wider range of participants. Students of Sustainability always runs in July co-currently with NAIDOC week, Aboriginal and Islander politics and

title: Sustainable community

text: of places, ranging from neighborhoods to watersheds to cities to multi-state regions. Etymologically, the term “sustainable community” grew out of the related discourses of “sustainability” and “sustainable development” that gained widespread use among local, national, and international politicians and policymakers in NGOs starting in the late 1980s. The term originally referred to environmental concerns and was later applied to cities. The best example of a real Sustainable Community is Saint Michael's Sustainable Community in Costa Rica. The community produces far more food and water then it needs. It uses regenerative agriculture as a base to live in harmony with nature.

title: History of sustainability

text: late 19th century Eugenius Warming was the first botanist to study physiological relations between plants and their environment, heralding the scientific discipline of ecology. By the 20th century, the industrial revolution had led to an exponential increase in the human consumption of resources. The increase in health, wealth and population was perceived as a simple path of progress. However, in the 1930s economists began developing models of non-renewable resource management (see Hotelling's rule) and the sustainability of welfare in an economy that uses non-renewable resources (Hartwick's rule). Ecology had now gained general acceptance as a scientific discipline, and many concepts

text: Sustainability at American Colleges and Universities Sustainability, as defined by the 1983 Brundtland Commission, formally the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), states “development which implies meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. As sustainability gains support worldwide, universities across the United States have begun to take initiatives toward more sustainable campuses. Alongside student-run projects, drastic changes in administration, energy efficiency, and food and recycling have sprung up in Ivy League schools and liberal arts colleges alike. The American College and University Presidents’ Climate Commitment is an evident

title: Sustainability metrics and indices

text: performance of products and services through all phases of their life cycle: extracting and processing raw materials; manufacturing, transportation and distribution; use, re-use, maintenance; recycling, and final disposal. Building on the work of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, businesses began to see the needs of environmental and social systems as opportunities for business development and contribution to stakeholder value. This approach has manifested itself in three key areas of strategic intent: 'sustainable innovation', human development, and 'bottom of the pyramid' business strategies. Now, as businesses have begun the shift toward sustainable enterprise, many business schools are leading the

title: History of sustainability

title: Sustainability in New Zealand

text: Values Party formed, being the first national level Green party. The New Zealand government has enacted legislation to enshrine sustainability principles in law, notably the Resource Management Act 1991. It was a landmark piece of legislation, being the first to adopt the principle of sustainability. In 2003 the government announced the Sustainable Development Programme of Action. and the Govt programme was also announced that year but was cancelled in March 2009. As with many other countries there were demand for sustainable products and services and some companies began filling this demand. In March 2007 the Westpac bank became the "first

title: Weak and strong sustainability

text: factor of production. However, it only really came into the mainstream in the 1990s within the context of sustainable development discourse. At its inception, sustainability was interpreted as a requirement to preserve, intact, the environment as we find it today in all its forms. The Brundtland Report, for example, stated that ‘The loss of plant and animal species can greatly limit the options of future generations. The result is that sustainable development requires the conservation of plant and animal species’. Wilfred Beckerman posits that the absolutist concept of sustainable development given above is morally repugnant. The largest part of the

title: Sustainability science

text: Sustainability science Sustainability science emerged in the 21st century as a new academic discipline. This new field of science was officially introduced with a "Birth Statement" at the World Congress "Challenges of a Changing Earth 2001" in Amsterdam organized by the International Council for Science (ICSU), the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). The field reflects a desire to give the generalities and broad-based approach of “sustainability” a stronger analytic and scientific underpinning as it "brings together scholarship and practice, global and local perspectives from north

title: Copper in architecture

text: to kill harmful bacteria. See: a list of products approved in the U.S. While a universally accepted definition of sustainability remains elusive, the Brundtland Commission of the United Nations defined sustainable development as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainability, the long-term maintenance of responsibility, requires the reconciliation of environmental, social equity and economic demands. These "three pillars" of sustainability encompass the responsible management of resource use. Also, it can mean that we can use a resource which won't cease to be abundant despite increasing intake.

title: Sustainable business

text: the needs of the present [world] without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” It is the process of assessing how to design products that will take advantage of the current environmental situation and how well a company’s products perform with renewable resources. The Brundtland Report emphasized that sustainability is a three-legged stool of people, planet, and profit. Sustainable businesses with the supply chain try to balance all three through the triple-bottom-line concept—using sustainable development and sustainable distribution to affect the environment, business growth, and the society. Everyone affects the sustainability of the marketplace and the

title: Sustainability

text: to raise the global standard of living without increasing the use of resources beyond globally sustainable levels; that is, to not exceed "one planet" consumption. Information generated by reports at the national, regional and city scales confirm the global trend towards societies that are becoming less sustainable over time. Romanian American economist Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, a progenitor in economics and a paradigm founder of ecological economics, has argued that the carrying capacity of Earth — that is, Earth's capacity to sustain human populations and consumption levels — is bound to decrease sometime in the future as Earth's finite stock of mineral

title: Applied sustainability

text: social sciences, to ensure a better quality of life for all, now and into the future whilst living within the limits of supporting ecosystems. This comes from the definition of Just Sustainability, which is “the egalitarian conception of sustainable development". It generates an improved definition of sustainable development as "the need to ensure a better quality of life for all, now and into the future, in a just and equitable manner, whilst living within the limits of supporting ecosystems". This new form of sustainable development prioritizes justice and equity, while maintaining the importance of the environment and the global life

title: Sustainable consumption

text: Sustainable consumption As a compliment to analyses of production and its processes, Sustainable Consumption (SC) is the study of resource and energy use (domestic or otherwise). As the term sustainability would imply, those who study SC seek to apply the concept of “continuance”—the capacity to meet both present and future human generational needs. SC, then, would also include analyses of efficiency, infrastructure, and waste, as well as access to basic services, green and decent jobs and a better quality of life for all. It shares a number of common features with and is closely linked to the terms sustainable production

title: Triple bottom line

text: and environmental factors. The phrase, "people, planet, and profit" to describe the triple bottom line and the goal of sustainability, was coined by John Elkington in 1994 while at Sustain Ability, and was later used as the title of the Anglo-Dutch oil company Shell's first sustainability report in 1997. As a result, one country in which the 3P concept took deep root was The Netherlands. The people, social equity, or human capital bottom line pertains to fair and beneficial business practices toward labour and the community and region in which a corporation conducts its business. A TBL company conceives a

title: History of sustainability

long_answer: In 1987 the United Nation's World Commission on Environment and Development (the Brundtland Commission), in its report Our Common Future suggested that development was acceptable, but it must be sustainable development that would meet the needs of the poor while not increasing environmental problems. Humanity’s demand on the planet has more than doubled over the past 45 years as a result of population growth and increasing individual consumption. In 1961 almost all countries in the world had more than enough capacity to meet their own demand; by 2005 the situation had changed radically with many countries able to meet their needs only by importing resources from other nations. A move toward sustainable living by increasing public awareness and adoption of recycling, and renewable energies emerged. The development of renewable sources of energy in the 1970s and '80s, primarily in wind turbines and photovoltaics and increased use of hydroelectricity, presented some of the first sustainable alternatives to fossil fuel and nuclear energy generation, the first large-scale solar and wind power plants appearing during the 1980s and '90s. Also at this time many local and state governments in developed countries began to implement small-scale sustainability policies.


question: where was the killing of a sacred deer filmed

answers: Cincinnati

title: The Killing of a Sacred Deer

text: a normalized rating, the film has a weighted average score of 73 out of 100, based on 45 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". The Killing of a Sacred Deer The Killing of a Sacred Deer is a 2017 psychological thriller film directed by Yorgos Lanthimos, from a screenplay by Lanthimos and Efthymis Filippou. It stars Colin Farrell, Nicole Kidman, Barry Keoghan, Raffey Cassidy, Sunny Suljic, Alicia Silverstone, and Bill Camp. The story is based on the ancient Greek play "Iphigenia at Aulis" by Euripides. The film follows a cardiac surgeon (Farrell) who secretly befriends a teenage boy (Keoghan) with a

title: The Killing of a Sacred Deer

text: The Killing of a Sacred Deer The Killing of a Sacred Deer is a 2017 psychological thriller film directed by Yorgos Lanthimos, from a screenplay by Lanthimos and Efthymis Filippou. It stars Colin Farrell, Nicole Kidman, Barry Keoghan, Raffey Cassidy, Sunny Suljic, Alicia Silverstone, and Bill Camp. The story is based on the ancient Greek play "Iphigenia at Aulis" by Euripides. The film follows a cardiac surgeon (Farrell) who secretly befriends a teenage boy (Keoghan) with a connection to his past. He introduces the boy to his family, who begin to fall mysteriously ill. "The Killing of a Sacred Deer"

title: The Killing of a Sacred Deer

text: at the Cannes Film Festival on May 22, 2017. Lanthimos and Filippou won the Best Screenplay award at the festival. The film was theatrically released in the United States on October 20, 2017 and in the United Kingdom and Ireland on November 3, 2017. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating 80%, based on 241 reviews, with an average rating of 7.6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, ""The Killing of a Sacred Deer" continues director Yorgos Lanthimos' stubbornly idiosyncratic streak—and demonstrates again that he is a talent not to be ignored." On Metacritic, which assigns

title: The Killing of a Sacred Deer

text: was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or in the main competition section at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival. The film was theatrically released in the United States on October 20, 2017, by A24, and in the United Kingdom and Ireland on November 3, 2017, by Curzon Artificial Eye. It has received positive reviews, and grossed over $6 million worldwide. Steven Murphy, a skilled cardiothoracic surgeon, finishes an open heart surgery, and goes to a diner where he meets a teenage boy named Martin. Afterward, Steven returns home to his wife, Anna, and their children, Kim and Bob. He later

title: The Favourite (film)

text: actors] to not take themselves too seriously, learn the text in a physical way by doing completely irrelevant things to what the scene is about, just be comfortable about making a fool of themselves.” Filming was expected to begin in the spring of 2016, but was pushed back a year, during which time Lanthimos directed "The Killing of a Sacred Deer" (2017). Principal photography began in March 2017 at Hatfield House, Hertfordshire and concluded in May 2017. Lanthimos stated that a major reason for filming at the Hatfield House was because "From the beginning, I had this image of these

title: Taloka

text: kill the last female deer in the herd. The female deer died along with two of her unborn fawns. Bhai Taloka was very upset watching the tragic scene in front of him. His intention was to kill just one deer and not three! He went home and as it was nearly 5:30 pm, started to recite Rehras Paath; the scenes of the killed female deer and her unborn calves were flashing before his eyes and he could not concentrate on Paath. Just before falling asleep, Bhai Sahib ji recited Kirtan Sohila, and again the tragic scene of the three dead

title: Tracey Deer

text: Tracey Deer Tracey Penelope Tekahentakwa Deer (born February 28, 1978) is a Mohawk film director and newspaper publisher. Deer has written and directed several award-winning projects for the Aboriginal-run film and television production company, Rezolution Pictures, as well as her own independent short work. Tracey Deer was born in 1978 and grew up in a large, close knit family in Kahnawake, a Mohawk reserve in Quebec, Canada, south of the St. Lawrence River across from Montreal. After attending local schools, Karonhianhnonha School Elementary and Queen of Angels Academy, she went to Dartmouth College, in New Hampshire, USA where she graduated

title: Thimios Bakatakis

text: and crawl through hospital corridors, like the lurking spirits in "The Shining" – all low-angle prowls and ghostly high glides". Lanthimos noted that the camera moves more in "The Killing of a Sacred Deer" than many of his other films, saying that he "felt the need for the camera to be almost like another entity" during pre-production and location scouting. He elaborated that he "thought of these high angles, or very low angles, with the camera following people around, creeping from below or above", which ended up working well, with the film's many scenes at a hospital and its numerous

title: Jancita Eagle Deer

text: convicted of vehicular manslaughter for killing a motorcyclist in South Dakota in 2003. He died of terminal brain cancer on January 12, 2012. Jancita Eagle Deer Jancita Eagle Deer (1952 – April 4, 1975) was a Brulé Lakota who lived on the Rosebud Indian Reservation in South Dakota. She was notable for accusing William Janklow of having raped her in January 1967 when he was a poverty lawyer and Director of the Rosebud Sioux Legal Services program on the reservation. She had worked as his babysitter. At the time the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and the Federal Bureau of

title: Jim Corbett National Park

text: noise, littering and causing disturbances in general. In 2007, the naturalist and photographer Kahini Ghosh Mehta made the first comprehensive travel guide on Corbett National Park. The film, titled "Wild Saga of Corbett", shows how tourists can contribute to conservation efforts. A major incident in the history of the reserve followed the construction of a dam at the Kalagarh river and the submerging of of prime low lying riverine area. The consequences ranged from local extinction of swamp deer to a massive reduction in hog deer population. The reservoir formed due to the submerging of land has also led to

title: Deer in mythology

text: gods in Shinto, especially Kasuga Shrine in Nara Prefecture where a white deer had arrived from Kashima Shrine as its divine messenger. It has become a symbol of the city of Nara. Deer in Itsukushima Shrine, located in Miyajima, Hiroshima, are also sacred as divine messengers. In various parts of Northeast Japan, a deer dance called "Shishi-odori" has been traditionally performed as an annual shinto ritual. Quintus Sertorius, while a general in Lusitania, had a tame white stag which he had raised nearly from birth. Playing on the superstitions of the local tribes, he told them that it had been

title: Sacred Ground (film)

text: Sacred Ground (film) Sacred Ground is a 1983 western adventure film directed by Charles B. Pierce and starring Tim McIntire, Jack Elam and L. Q. Jones. The film was shot in several outdoor locations in Oregon. Set in the year 1861, Matt Colter, a mountain man is traveling across the great divide with his young Indian bride, Little Doe. They cross paths with a Paiute party, a beautiful young woman Wannetta watches the mountain man and his pretty Indian bride. Ostracized by the white and Indian community, they are forced to leave and find a new home. They come across

title: Alicia Silverstone

text: modest US$40.1 million worldwide, it emerged as Silverstone's most widely-seen film since "Beauty Shop" (2005). In the psychological thriller "The Killing of a Sacred Deer", directed by Yorgos Lanthimos and co-starring Colin Farrell and Nicole Kidman, Silverstone took on the role of a widow and the mother of a mysterious boy who befriends his late father's cardiac surgeon. The film competed for the Palme d'Or at the 70th Cannes Film Festival and was an arthouse success. Casting director Francine Maisler choose Silverstone after seeing her star in a previous play; her two-scene appearance was filmed in one day, and she

title: The Deer (1974 film)

text: which overthrow the regime of Shah took place in 1978 - 1979. Dilip Hiro, author of "Iran Under the Ayatollahs", said that the film, "passed the censors with considerable difficulty." The film was shown at the Cinema Rex; during one showing the cinema was intentionally set on fire as a terrorist attack during the Irani Revolution. The Deer (1974 film) The Deer (; "Gavaznha" or "Gavaznhā") is a 1974 drama Iranian film directed by Masoud Kimiai and one of the most acclaimed Persian movies before the Iranian revolution starring Behrouz Vossoughi, the most famous Iranian male actor before the revolution

title: The Killing of a Sacred Deer

text: As of August 23, 2016, the film had begun principal photography in Cincinnati, filming at The Christ Hospital.  It was also shot in the Hyde Park and Northside neighborhoods. The school scenes in the film were shot at Roger Bacon High School.

title: Keibul Lamjao National Park

text: the park which was initially declared to be a sanctuary in 1966, was subsequently declared to be a national park in 1977 through a gazette notification. The act has generated local support and public awareness. The film "The Return of Sangai" (Manipuri "Sangai Hallakpa") by the Manipur Forest Department gives a deep insight of Sangai and Keibul Lamjao National Park The brow-antlered deer, which was first discovered in Manipur in 1839 and named "Cervus eldi eldi" in 1844 in honour of Lt. Percy Eld – a British officer, was reported an extinct species in 1951. It was re–discovered in the

title: Eld's deer

text: children's magazine called "Chandamama", which gives a first-person symbolic narrative by the affected 'deer' itself. The final conclusion by the deer, quoted below, concisely puts the security provided in the park in a proper perspective. " 'Thanks to these youngsters who live nearby', he said. I was happy and felt indebted to the youngsters for saving our lives. My friend added that these people really loved and respected the Sangai deer. They believed that killing the Sangai was an unpardonable sin. According to a Meitei legend, the Sangai are the link between humans and nature. So, killing us would mean

title: Hart Merriam Schultz

text: to practice his art. While at the Canyon, he met Thomas Moran, who encouraged the young man to pursue his art. In 1909 he went to Los Angeles, where he began working in the fledgling film industry, appearing in the one-reelers of James Young Deer. Young Deer was the first American Indian filmmaker and producer in Hollywood, making films for Pathe Films. While in Los Angeles, he was reunited with his father, who had remarried in 1907. He lived with his father and step-mother while in Los Angeles. After his brief stint in film, due to the influence of Thomas

title: Nara Park

text: to a visit from Takemikazuchi-no-mikoto, one of the four gods of Kasuga Shrine. He was said to have been invited from Kashima Shrine in present-day Ibaraki Prefecture, and appeared on Mount Mikasa (also known as Mount Wakakusa) riding a white deer. From that point, the deer were considered divine and sacred by both Kasuga Shrine and Kōfuku-ji. Killing one of these sacred deer was a capital offense punishable by death up until 1637, the last recorded date of a breach of that law. After World War II, the deer were officially stripped of their sacred/divine status, and were instead designated

title: Prabhas Patan

text: This location is a very peaceful and amazing, yet underrated - Many famous temples are located on the banks of Triveni Ghat. Dehotsarg - Krishna, reclining under a pipal tree was shot in the foot by a Bhil huntsman named Jara who had mistaken him for a deer. Limping a long way eastward, Shri Krishna reached the bank of the river Hiranya just above the triveni sangam, and breathed his last in a small cave. His body was taken to the triveni sangam and cremated there. The site where he was shot is known as Bhalka Tirtha, and the site

title: Land of the Tiger

text: wildlife of India's central forests and grasslands, the stronghold of the Bengal tiger. Much of the footage is from the Kanha National Park, a protected reserve. Here, the characters of Kipling's "Jungle Book" can still be observed, among them the sloth bear, wolf, dhole, and tiger. Many of the animals are sacred or revered by Hindus, including elephants, monkeys, peacocks and snakes. A female tiger with young cubs is filmed. To provide for her cubs, she must hunt. Spotted deer (or chital) are her favourite prey, but although distracted by the rut, her first hunt is unsuccessful. In the afternoon,

title: James Young Deer

text: Omaha, she was a member of the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska through her parents Mitchell St. Cyr and Julia Decora. St. Cyr was best known for her lead role in "The Squaw Man" (1914 film). Young Deer began acting in 1909 in New York in several one-reel Westerns that year. Among the film companies for which he worked were Kalem, Lubin, Vitagraph, and Biograph. He worked at one of the first independent film companies, the New York Motion Picture Company, under the Bison trademark. In 1910, Young Deer was hired to direct for Pathé Frères. The French-based studio in Jersey

title: Wildlife Protection Society of India

text: poaching and the illegal trade in tiger parts.), Birds of the Indian Monsoon (a 45-minute film on the lives of Kepladeo Sanctuary’s birds), The Killing Fields: Orissa’s Appalling Turtle Crisis (a documentary on the mass slaughter of olive ridley sea turtles along the coast of Orissa) and “…And Then There Were None” (a short documentary film which investigates the rampant poaching of otters in India). Wildlife Protection Society of India The Wildlife Protection Society of India (WPSI) was founded in 1994 by Belinda Wright, its Executive Director, who was an award-winning wildlife photographer and filmmaker till she took up the

title: Sacred Falls State Park

text: to the demigod associated with the location. Kaliuwaa, also known as Sacred Falls, is the valley, the perpendicular cliffs, streams, and falls (Sacred Falls), located in Hauula, Oahu. A short distance below the falls is a trough-like gouge up the cliff where the pig demigod, Kama-puaa, is believed to have leaned against the cliff so that members of his family might climb up his body and escape their enemies. The stream and valley are also called Kaluanui. The park was closed indefinitely after a fatal rockfall on May 9, 1999 that killed eight hikers and injured many others, in the

title: The Territory of White Deer

text: the deer park (Martin Růžek), former poacher (Jiří Sovák), manager of local restaurant (Oldřich Vlach), designer planning a motorway (Miroslav Etzler) and a couple of others. Stella Zázvorková performed a local widow, as well as Jana Hlaváčová, who works hard to repay financial debt the manager of restaurant. Ondřej Vetchý performed a lover of local teacher. Some parts of the story were narrated by Viktor Preiss (voiceover). Filming location included South-Bohemian town Třeboň and Deer Park Žehušice near Kutná Hora. The series was screened on Czechoslovak Television, on German ZDF, Super RTL and Kinderkanal and several times on Czech Television

title: Lame Deer, Montana

text: National Indigenous Women’s Resource Center, which works to prevent family violence, is located in Lame Deer. The Lame Deer High School Morningstars play in the 3B conference with the Baker Spartans, Colstrip Colts, Forsyth Dogies, St. Labre Braves, and Broadus Hawks. Lame Deer, Montana Lame Deer (Meaveʼhoʼeno in Cheyenne) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Rosebud County, Montana. The community is named after Miniconjou Lakota chief Lame Deer, who was killed by the U.S. Army in 1877 under a flag of truce south of the town. It is the tribal and government agency headquarters of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation.

title: Chander Pahar (film)

text: the shooting, where the crew members stayed. They were surrounded by electric fences because lions may destroy them if angry and it has occurred before. Other than lions and Black mamba, shooting featured other wild animals such as Python, hyena, crocodile, cheetah, hippopotamus, Puff adder, viper and wild scorpions, some of which are extremely venomous. "Every animal will be shot real and alive with no use of computer graphics!" said Dev. A 22-year-old Bengali boy named Sundar trained the hyenas. There is so much risk in the shooting that the crew is bound to keep mobile phones and ambulances so

title: The Deer Hunter

text: in the production, nearly halfway through principal photography, Cimino was already over budget, and producer Spikings could tell from the script that shooting the extended scene could sink the project. The bar was specially constructed in an empty storefront in Mingo Junction, Ohio for $25,000; it later became an actual saloon for local steel mill workers. U.S. Steel allowed filming inside its Cleveland mill, including placing the actors around the furnace floor, only after securing a $5 million insurance policy. Other filming took place in Pittsburgh. The first deer to be shot was depicted in a "gruesome close-up", although he

title: Sun goddess of Arinna

text: a sitting goddess with a halo may also be depictions of her. The deer was sacred to the Sun goddess and Queen Puduḫepa promised to give her many deer in her prayers. Cultic vessels in the shape of a deer presumably were used for worship of the Sun goddess. It is also believed that the golden deer statuettes from the Early Bronze Age, which were found in the middle of the Kızılırmak River and belong to the Hattian cultural period, ere associated with the cult of the Sun goddess. The name Ištanu is the Hittite form of the Hattian name

title: Amit Jethwa

text: He also highlighted the use of a Chinkara deer in a scene in the movie "Lagaan" and opposed a Bhuj court decision which stayed an inquiry against the actor-director Aamir Khan. He campaigned vigorously against corruption among officers of the Indian Forest Service, and opposed malafide application of article 356 of the. In 2007, he drew attention to the mysterious deaths of lions in Gir Forest including three that were shot within a few hundred meters of the Babariya forest guard outpost. Claiming that "Such a thing cannot be possible without support of some forest officials", Jethwa sought the suspension

title: The Killing of a Sacred Deer