question: who sang the most number of songs in the world

answers: Asha Bhosle

title: Lata Mangeshkar

text: reportedly recorded "not less than 25,000 solo, duet and chorus backed songs in 20 Indian languages" between 1948 and 1974. Her record was contested by Mohammad Rafi, who was claimed to have sung around 28,000 songs. After Rafi's death, in its 1984 edition, the Guinness Book of World Records stated Lata Mangeshkar's name for the "Most Recordings", but also stated Rafi's claim. The later editions of Guinness Book stated that Lata Mangeshkar had sung no fewer than 30,000 songs between 1948 and 1987. The entry was discontinued by Guinness editions in 1991 without explanation, while several sources continued to claim

title: Fairuz

text: the late director Layal Rahbani, Lebanese director Rima Rahbani, and Haley Rahbani. In her performances, she is and melancholic, standing motionless in front of the microphone. When questioned by Neil MacFarquhar about her seriousness, she answered that she still feels stage fright. She claims to sing as if she were praying. Fairuz is the Arab world's most famous and most listened-to singer. For decades, almost all radio stations in the Arab world have been starting their morning broadcast with a Fairuz song. The Guardian stated that "she sang the story of a Lebanon that never really existed" and "essentially helped

title: A Million Voices (song)

text: A Million Voices (song) "A Million Voices" is the name of the song that represented Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015. It was performed by the Russian singer, songwriter, actress, and model Polina Gagarina. In the grand final it received 303 points, finishing second, becoming the first second-placed song ever to receive more than 300 points in the Eurovision Song Contest. The song is written by Swedish songwriters Gabriel Alares, Joakim Björnberg, by Australian Katrina Noorbergen and by Russians Leonid Gutkin and Vladimir Matetsky. Charlotte Runcie of "The Daily Telegraph" described the song as "synth-heavy with oodles of key

title: Jed Madela

text: the best male singers the country has ever produced. Jed made waves during the 2005 World Championship of the Performing Arts (WCOPA) in Hollywood California when he single-handedly won all major industry awards, 6 gold medals for all 6 categories he joined, the Champion Vocalist World Star Trophy and the most coveted and ultimate title “Grand Champion Performer of the World”, the first Filipino to win the title. He bested over 3,000 contestants from 52 countries to win the grand prize. There were six categories whereby Jed won gold. For the pop category, he sang "I'm Your Angel". For the

title: Vande Mataram (album)

text: track also holds two Guinness World Records for being the song performed in the most number of languages. Indian singer Sai "Psychuck" Manapragada performed the track in 265 different languages (individually) and again in 277 languages (with chorus) to achieve this feat twice. Rahman was also issued an Guinness World Record certificate for being the composer of the original song which was ceremoniously presented to Rahman after his concert in Oakland, CA, USA on September 12, 2010. The album won the 1997 Screen Videocon Award for Best Non-film Album. In 1996, when Rahman had gone to Bombay (now Mumbai) to

title: Julio Iglesias

text: Julio Iglesias Julio José Iglesias de la Cueva (born 23 September 1943) () is a Spanish singer and songwriter. In 1983, he was celebrated as having recorded songs in the most languages in the world, and in 2013 for being the Latin artist with the most records sold in history. Iglesias is recognized as the most commercially successful Continental European singer in the world and one of the top ten record sellers in music history, having sold more than 250 million records worldwide in 14 languages. It is estimated that during his career he has offered more than 5000 concerts,

title: Sarah Brightman

text: world's best-selling soprano of all-time. Brightman's 1996 duet with the Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli, "Time to Say Goodbye", topped the charts all over Europe and became the highest and fastest-selling single of all-time in Germany, where it stayed at the top of the charts for 14 consecutive weeks and sold over three million copies. It subsequently became an international success, selling 12 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling singles of all-time. She has now collected over 180 gold and platinum record awards in 38 different countries. In 2010, she was named by "Billboard" the fifth most influential

title: P. Susheela

text: P. Susheela Pulapaka Susheela (born November 13, 1935) is an Indian playback singer associated with the South Indian cinema for over six decades. She has been recognized by both the "Guinness Book of World Records" and the "Asia Book of Records" for singing most number of songs in Indian languages. She is also the recipient of five National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer and numerous state awards. Susheela is widely acclaimed as a singer who defined feminism in South Indian cinema and is well known for her mellifluous vocal performances for over 40,000 film songs across South Indian

title: Doris Day

text: "'Tain't Me", "Till The End of Time", "You Won't Be Satisfied (Until You Break My Heart)", "The Whole World is Singing My Song", and "I Got the Sun in the Mornin'". In the 1950s she became the most popular and one of the highest paid singers in America. While singing with the Les Brown band and for nearly two years on Bob Hope's weekly radio program, she toured extensively across the United States. Her popularity as a radio performer and vocalist, which included a second hit record "My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time", led directly to a career

title: Antonio Machín

text: as many as four hundred, giving him a lifetime total of about 600 numbers recorded. If that is approximately right, he would be one of the most recorded Cuban singers of the 20th century, but behind Celia Cruz. He died in Madrid in 1977 and was buried in the San Fernando Cemetery in the city of Seville. He is best known for singing "El Manisero", "Dos gardenias", "Madrecita", and "Angelitos negros". Antonio Machín Antonio Machín ("Antonio Abad Lugo Machín"; 11 February 1903, in Sagua la Grande, Cuba – 4 August 1977, in Madrid) was a Cuban singer and musician. His

title: Me Siento Tan Sola

text: venues such as Universal Studios Amphitheatre in Atlanta,Georgia; San Antonio,Texas; Sacramento, California; Chicago, Illinois and for the first time in the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. During the month of September, Gloria Trevi was confirmed as the most important Mexican rock pop singer of the moment, and proclaimed as the "Mexican Madonna" by the New York Newspaper and The Wall Street Journal. "Me Siento Tan Sola" sold 5.5 million copies worldwide and topped many Latin-American charts. It was produced by Sergio Andrade, her manager and most of the songs were written by Gloria. The album peaked at number eight

title: Arts and culture in São Vicente, Cape Verde

text: in 1984. Due to its enormous space, it has been the most popular music festival of Cape Verde. It may have become the second-most popular festival today to Praia da Gamboa on Santiago or Praia de Santa Maria on Sal. The most popular singer of all time was Cesária Évora, who was the first from the nation to reach world stage, second was Bana and he recorded the most songs and singles. Other singers and musicians include, Dudu Araujo, Bau, B. Leza (Francisco Xavier da Cruz), Hermínia da Cruz Fortes, Djô d'Eloy, Fantcha, Jotamont, Belinda Lima, Luís Morais, Eddy Moreno,

title: Mohammed Rafi

text: 26,000. This prompted Rafi to write a letter, in protest, to Guinness. After receiving a reply from Guinness, in a letter dated 20 November 1979, he wrote, "I am disappointed that my request for a reassessment vis-a-vis Ms Mangeshkar's reported world record has gone unheeded." In an interview to BBC recorded in November 1977, Rafi claimed to have sung 25,000 to 26,000 songs till then. After Rafi's death, in its 1984 edition, the Guinness Book of World Records gave Lata Mangeshkar's name for the "Most Recordings" and stated, "Mohammad Rafi (d 1 August 1980) [sic] claimed to have recorded 28,000

title: Nancy Ajram discography

text: seven singles, including two promotional, which continued Ajram's reign as the artist with most number-one hits in the history of the modern Arab music industry. With "Betfakkar Fi Eih", Ajram won her first World Music Award as the World's best selling Middle Eastern artist, becoming the youngest Arabian act to date to score a WMA. In September 2010, Ajram released her seventh studio album "Nancy 7", featuring four successful singles. The lead single, "Fi Hagat" peaked at number one on multiple Arabian charts, most significantly HitMarker, where it remained atop for 15 consecutive weeks, becoming the longest-running topper in the

title: Playback singer

title: Liane Augustin

text: with the song "Die ganze Welt braucht Liebe" "(The Whole World Needs Love)". The song finished 5th out of 10 songs, and gained a total of 8 points. She died in 1978, in Vienna, and was memorialized on 26 May 2009 as a co-namesake with Marx Augustin of the Augustinplatz in Vienna, a public square bounded by the Neustiftgasse, Kirchengasse and Kellermanngasse. Liane Augustin Liane Augustin (18 November 1927 – 30 April 1978) was a German Austrian singer and actress. Liane Augustin was born in Berlin, Germany in 1927. Her postwar successes as a nightclub singer in the Viennese Boheme

title: Sumi Jo

text: first-ever Best-Dressed 2008 list. She sang the theme song for the Korean Broadcasting System's broadcast of the 2002 FIFA World Cup, "The Champions". Jo has over 50 recordings to her credit, including ten solo albums for Erato Records, the French division of Warner Classics. These recordings include complete operas, oratorio, operetta, orchestral works and Broadway standards. Notable recordings include the voice of the falcon in Sir Georg Solti's Grammy Award winning recording of Strauss's "Die Frau ohne Schatten" for the Decca label and the role of Oscar the page in Herbert von Karajan's recording of Verdi's "Un ballo in maschera"

title: Essie Ackland

text: at The Crystal Palace before it was destroyed by fire in 1936. Essie Ackland toured Australia in 1937, by which time she was considered the most recorded contralto in the world. For her first Sydney concert on 13 March 1937, the demand for seats outstripped the Conservatorium's capacity, so the concert was moved to the Sydney Town Hall. She was accompanied by the violinist Ernest Llewellyn and the pianist Raymond Lambert. She toured her native land for four months, and a further two months in New Zealand. During World War II she sang over 1,300 times in hospitals, air raid

title: Nellie Melba

text: stage in a 1923 night of operatic extracts with another Australian soprano, Florence Austral (who, as a dramatic soprano, posed no threat to Melba, a lyric soprano), Melba was effusive with her praise, describing the younger woman as "one of the wonder-voices of the world". She similarly described the American contralto Louise Homer as possessing "the world's most beautiful voice". She gave financial assistance to the Australian painter Hugh Ramsay, living in poverty in Paris and also helped him to forge connections in the artistic world. The Australian baritone John Brownlee and tenor Browning Mummery were both protégés: both sang

title: Noor Jehan

text: she holds the record for having given voice to the largest number of film songs in the history of Pakistani cinema. She is estimated to have made more than 40 films and sung around 20,000 numbers during a career which lasted more than half a century. She is thought to be one of the most prolific singers of all time. Her persona and glamour in the East can easily be compared to that of Marilyn Monroe in the West. She is also considered to be the first female Pakistani film director. Noor Jehan was born into a Punjabi Muslim family

title: 2006 World Music Awards

text: recipients include Mariah Carey, Celine Dion, Rod Stewart and Bon Jovi. This year's recipient was Michael Jackson (awarded by Beyoncé). His most popular album, "Thriller" has sold more than 104 million copies worldwide since its release in 1982 - making it the best-selling album of all time. 2006 World Music Awards The 2006 (18th annual) World Music Awards were held in London, England and hosted by Lindsay Lohan on 15 November 2006. Performances included a "Thriller" recreation by Chris Brown and a children's chorus rendition of "We Are the World" with Michael Jackson. This would end up being Jackson's final

title: Sabah (singer)

text: Sabah (singer) Sabah ( "Ṣabāḥ" ; born Jeanette Georges Feghali; 10 November 1927 – 26 November 2014) was a Lebanese singer and actress. Considered a "Diva of Music" in the Arab world, (the same title often given to Oum Kalthoum, Warda Al-Jazairia and Fairuz), she released over 50 albums and acted in 98 movies as well as over 20 Lebanese stage plays. She had a reported more than 3,500 songs in her repertoire. She was among the first Arabic singers to perform at the Olympia in Paris, Carnegie Hall in New York City, the Royal Albert Hall in London and

title: Live Aid

text: poll of more than 60 artists, journalists and music industry executives. Queen's lead singer Freddie Mercury at times led the crowd in unison refrains, and his sustained note during the a cappella section came to be known as "The Note Heard Round the World". The band's six song set opened with a shortened version of "Bohemian Rhapsody" and closed with "We Are the Champions". Mercury and fellow band member Brian May later sang the first song of the three-part Wembley event finale, "Is This the World We Created...?" Other well-received performances on the day included those by U2 and David

title: Mohammed Rafi

text: album was released only in India by Universal. During his last years, Rafi was involved in a controversy over Lata Mangeshkar's entry in the Guinness Book of World Records. In a letter dated 11 June 1977 to the Guinness Book of World Records, Rafi had challenged the claim that Lata Mangeshkar has recorded the highest number of songs ("not less than 25,000" according to Guinness). Rafi, according to his fans, would have sung more songs than Lata – he being the senior of the two. They estimated the number of songs sung by Rafi to be anything from 25,000 to

title: Ryszard Riedel

text: abuse—especially kompot 'compote', which, in Poland, is a name used to describe heroin in a liquified form. Rysiek (diminutive of Ryszard) Riedel is celebrated as one of the best all-time singers in Polish musical history. On 29 July 1995, one year after his death, a concert named "List Do R" ("Letter to R"), taking inspiration from one of Rysiek's most beloved songs "List Do M" ("Letter to M"), was held in Katowice's concert hall Spodek, where many famous Polish vocalists performed—one of them was Polish singer Czesław Niemen. Since 1999, a concert called "FESTIWAL IM. RYŚKA RIEDLA" is held annually

title: World Popular Song Festival

text: 1969 Eurovision winner Frida Boccara for France, Jacques Michel for Canada and Ted Mulry for Australia, who scored a national number 1 hit with his entry. Winner of the 1st WPSF was Israel with the duo Hedva & David. More than 2 million copies of their winning entry "Ani Holem Al Naomi" ("I Dream Of Naomi") were sold worldwide, giving a serious credibility boost to the new Festival. Well established names as well as new talents tried their fortune at the WPSF: a very young ABBA under the name Björn & Benny with uncredited backing vocals by their partners Agnetha

title: Joelma (singer)

text: world renowned for her performance and vocal irreverence. Throughout his career, he sold about 22 million albums, becoming one of the most sold artists in the history of the Brazilian music industry. She and singer Ivete Sangalo are the only Latin American artists to receive a fivefold diamond record album certification. In his career, he won several important awards including Melhores do Ano, Multishow Brazilian Music Award, Troféu Imprensa, as well as compete three times a Latin Grammy. Joelma is also internationally known, performing in countries such as Portugal, United States, Switzerland, Germany, Spain, Italy, Angola, England, Sweden, Cape Verde,

title: Pink (singer)

text: over 130 million records worldwide, making her one of the world's best-selling music artists. Her career accolades include three Grammy Awards, a Brit Award, a Daytime Emmy Award and seven MTV Video Music Awards, including the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award. In 2009, "Billboard" named Pink the Pop Songs Artist of the Decade. Pink was also the second most-played female solo artist in the United Kingdom, during the 2000s decade, behind Madonna. VH1 ranked her number 10 on their list of the 100 Greatest Women in Music, while "Billboard" awarded her the Woman of the Year award in 2013. At

title: Corry Brokken

text: World"), with music and lyrics by Benny Vreden. John Kennedy O'Connor's book, "The Eurovision Song Contest - The Official History", notes that Corry is the only singer ever to have finished both first and last in the contest. Brokken was one of the most popular women singers of the 1950s and 1960s, performing in the "Sleeswijk Revue" alongside "Snip en Snap" and scoring hits, some of which with translated chansons by Charles Aznavour. In 1973, however, she happened upon a book discussing Roman law, and began to get interested in the legal profession. In 1976, Brokken served as the presenter

title: Eurovision Song Contest

text: with 387 points – Alexander Rybak held the winning title with his song "Fairytale". His outstanding performance meant he had the highest total in the history of the competition, becoming the first competitor to score 300 or more points, including 16 maximum scores. This feat was emulated in 2012, when Sweden won with 372 points, but with a new record of 18 maximum scores. In 2015, won the contest with 365 points, becoming the first country to ever reach 300 points or more twice while winning both times. placed second with 303 points, becoming the first country to score more

title: Playback singer

long_answer: Mohammed Rafi and Ahmed Rushdi are regarded as two of the most influential playback singers in South Asia. The sisters Lata Mangeshkar and Asha Bhosle, who have mainly worked in Hindi films, are often referred to as two of the best-known and most prolific playback singers in India. In 1991, Mangeshkar was cited by the Guinness Book of World Records for having sung more than 30,000 solo, duet and chorus-backed song recordings, more than any other singer in the world. However, her name was removed in 1991 and replaced by another Indian playback singer, Dr K J Yesudas in 1991. All India Record. In 2011, Guinness officially acknowledged Lata Mangeshkar's sister Asha Bhosle as the most recorded artist in music history, surpassing her sister.


question: where did the ashes from ash wednesday originate

answers: Pope Gregory I the Great

title: Ash Wednesday

text: New Guinea, a publication described as "noticeably Anglo-Catholic in character". In its ritual of "Blessing of Ashes", this states that "the ashes are blessed at the beginning of the Eucharist; and after they have been blessed they are placed on the forehead of the clergy and people." The Ash Wednesday ritual of the Church of England, Mother Church of the Anglican Communion, contains "The Imposition of Ashes" in its Ash Wednesday liturgy. On Ash Wednesday, the Pope, the Bishop of Rome, traditionally takes part in a penitential procession from the Church of Saint Anselm to the Basilica of Santa Sabina,

title: Ash Wednesday

text: Ash Wednesday Ash Wednesday is a Christian holy day of prayer, fasting and repentance. It is preceded by Shrove Tuesday and falls on the first day of Lent, the six weeks of penitence before Easter. Ash Wednesday is observed by many Christians, including Anglicans, Lutherans, Old Catholics, Methodists, Presbyterians, Roman Catholics, and some Baptists. Ash Wednesday derives its name from the placing of repentance ashes on the foreheads of participants to either the words "Repent, and believe in the Gospel" or the dictum "Remember that you are dust, and to dust you shall return." The ashes may be prepared by

title: Ash Wednesday

text: Church say that the ashes should be those of palm branches blessed at the previous year's Palm Sunday service, while a Church of England publication says they "may be made" from the burnt palm crosses of the previous year. These sources do not speak of adding anything to the ashes other than, for the Catholic liturgy, a sprinkling with holy water when blessing them. An Anglican website speaks of mixing the ashes with a small amount of holy water or olive oil as a fixative. Where ashes are placed on the head by smudging the forehead with a sign of

title: Ash Wednesday

text: Wednesday, although in recent times, the creation of the Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate has led to the observance of Ash Wednesday among Western Orthodox parishes. In this tradition, ashes "may be distributed outside of the mass or any liturgical service" although "commonly the faithful receive their ashes immediately before the Ash Wednesday mass". In Orthodoxy, historically, "serious public sinners in the East also donned sackcloth, including those who made the Great Fast a major theme of their entire lives such as hermits and desert-dwellers." Byzantine Catholics, although in the United States use "the same Gregorian calendar as the Roman Catholic

title: Ash Wednesday

text: the head. Originally, the ashes were strewn over men's heads, but, probably because women had their heads covered in church, were placed on the foreheads of women. In the Catholic Church the manner of imposing ashes depends largely on local custom, since no fixed rule has been laid down. Although the account of Ælfric of Eynsham shows that in about the year 1000 the ashes were "strewn" on the head, the marking of the forehead is the method that now prevails in English-speaking countries and is the only one envisaged in the "Occasional Offices" of the Anglican Church of Papua

title: Ash Wednesday

text: by sprinkling ashes on the heads of all. This practice is found in the Gregorian Sacramentary of the late 8th century. About two centuries later, Ælfric of Eynsham, an Anglo-Saxon abbot, wrote of the rite of strewing ashes on heads at the start of Lent. The article on Ash Wednesday in the 1911 "Encyclopædia Britannica" says that, after the Protestant Reformation, the ashes ceremony was not forbidden in the Church of England, a statement that may explain the research by Blair Meeks that the Anglican tradition "never lapsed in this observance". It was even prescribed under King Henry VIII in

title: Ash Wednesday

text: ashes." Christians continued the practice of using ashes as an external sign of repentance. Tertullian (c. 225) said that confession of sin should be accompanied by lying in sackcloth and ashes. The historian Eusebius (c. 260/265339/340) recounts how a repentant apostate covered himself with ashes when begging Pope Zephyrinus to readmit him to communion. John W. Fenton writes that "by the end of the 10th century, it was customary in Western Europe (but not yet in Rome) for all the faithful to receive ashes on the first day of the Lenten fast. In 1091, this custom was then ordered by

title: Ash Wednesday

text: rite", do not practice the distribution of ashes as it is "not part of their ancient tradition". In the Ambrosian Rite, ashes are blessed and placed on the heads of the faithful not on the day that elsewhere is called Ash Wednesday, but at the end of Mass on the following Sunday, which in that rite inaugurates Lent, with the fast traditionally beginning on Monday, the first weekday of the Ambrosian Lent. Ash Wednesday marks the start of a 40-day period which is an allusion to the separation of Jesus in the desert to fast and pray. During this time

title: Ash Wednesday

text: they wish to confess. These small cards are brought forth to the altar table where they are burned. In Victorian era, theatres refrained from presenting costumed shows on Ash Wednesday, so they provided other entertainment, as mandated by the Church of England (Anglican Church). Also, "in Iceland, on Ash Wednesday children pin small bags of ashes on the back of some unsuspecting person". Ashes were used in ancient times to express grief. When Tamar was raped by her half-brother, "she sprinkled ashes on her head, tore her robe, and with her face buried in her hands went away crying" ().

title: Ash Wednesday

text: kept the rite of blessing and distributing ashes to the faithful on Ash Wednesday, and that the Protestant denominations that did not keep it encouraged its use "during and after the ecumenical era that resulted in the Vatican II proclamations". Jack Kingsbury and Russell F. Anderson likewise state that the practice was continued among some Anglicans and Lutherans. On the other hand, Edward Traill Horn wrote: "The ceremony of the distribution of the ashes was not retained by the reformers, whether Lutheran, Anglican or Reformed", although these denominations honored Ash Wednesday as the first day of Lent. Frank Senn, a

title: Ash Wednesday

text: as "Remember that you are dust, and to dust you shall return." The old formula, based on the words spoken to Adam and Eve after their sin, reminds worshippers of their sinfulness and mortality and thus, implicitly, of their need to repent in time. The newer formula makes explicit what was only implicit in the old. Various manners of placing the ashes on worshippers' heads are in use within the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, the two most common being to use the ashes to make a cross on the forehead and sprinkling the ashes over the crown of

title: Ash Wednesday

text: its general traditional Ash Wednesday liturgy, they are not associated specifically with the rite of blessing the ashes. The rite of blessing has acquired an untraditional weak association with that particular psalm only since 1970, when it was inserted into the celebration of Mass, at which a few verses of Psalm 51 are used as a responsorial psalm. Coincidentally, it was only about the same time that in some areas Anglicanism resumed the rite of ashes. In the mid-16th century, the first Book of Common Prayer removed the ceremony of the ashes from the liturgy of the Church of England

title: Ash Wednesday

text: where, in accordance with the custom in Italy and many other countries, ashes are sprinkled on his head, not smudged on his forehead, and he places ashes on the heads of others in the same way. The Anglican ritual, used in Papua New Guinea states that, after the blessing of the ashes, "the priest marks his own forehead and then the foreheads of the servers and congregation who come and kneel, or stand, where they normally receive the Blessed Sacrament." The corresponding Catholic ritual in the Roman Missal for celebration within Mass merely states: "Then the Priest places ashes on

title: Ash Wednesday

text: day of marked solemnity, with a memorial of its original character in a reading of the curses denounced against impenitent sinners". The Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, in the 19th century, observed Ash Wednesday: "as a day of fasting and humiliation, wherein we are publicly to confess our sins, meekly to implore God's mercy and forgiveness, and humbly to intercede for the continuance of his favour". In the 20th century, the Book of Common Prayer provided prayers for the imposition of ashes. Monte Canfield and Blair Meeks state that after the Protestant Reformation, Anglicans and Lutherans

title: Ash Wednesday

title: Ash Wednesday

text: a church building, the simple rite could appropriately be used almost anywhere. While only a priest or deacon may bless the ashes, laypeople may do the placing of the ashes on a person's head. Even in the solemn rite, lay men or women may assist the priest in distributing the ashes. In addition, laypeople take blessed ashes left over after the collective ceremony and place them on the head of the sick or of others who are unable to attend the blessing. (In 2014, Anglican Liverpool Cathedral likewise offered to impose ashes within the church without a solemn ceremony.) In

title: Ash Wednesday

text: sacramentals are not forbidden to "receive" them. After describing the blessing, the rite of Blessing and Distribution of Ashes (within Mass) states: "Then the Priest places ashes on the heads of all those present who come to him." The Catholic Church does not limit distribution of blessed ashes to within church buildings and has suggested the holding of celebrations in shopping centres, nursing homes, and factories. Such celebrations presume preparation of an appropriate area and include readings from Scripture (at least one) and prayers, and are somewhat shorter if the ashes are already blessed. The Catholic Church and the Methodist

title: Ash Wednesday

text: liturgical scholar, has been quoted as saying: "How and why the use of ashes fell out of Lutheran use is difficult to discern from the sources… [C]hurch orders don't specifically say not to use ashes; they simply stopped giving direction for blessing and distributing them and eventually the pastors just stopped doing it." As part of the liturgical revival ushered in by the ecumenical movement, the practice was encouraged in Protestant churches, including the Methodist Church. It has also been adopted by Anabaptist and Reformed churches and some less liturgical denominations. The Eastern Orthodox churches generally do not observe Ash

title: Ash Wednesday

text: addition, those who attend such Catholic services, whether in a church or elsewhere, traditionally take blessed ashes home with them to place on the heads of other members of the family, and it is recommended to have envelopes available to facilitate this practice. At home the ashes are then placed with little or no ceremony. Unlike its discipline regarding sacraments, the Catholic Church does not exclude from receiving sacramentals, such as the placing of ashes on the head, those who are not Catholics and perhaps not even baptized. Even those who have been excommunicated and are therefore forbidden to "celebrate"

title: Ash Wednesday

text: the head of those present who come to him, and says to each one ..." Pre-1970 editions had much more elaborate instructions about the order in which the participants were to receive the ashes, but again without any indication of the form of placing the ashes on the head. The 1969 revision of the Roman Rite inserted into the Mass the solemn ceremony of blessing ashes and placing them on heads, but also explicitly envisaged a similar solemn ceremony outside of Mass. The Book of Blessings contains a simple rite. While the solemn rite would normally be carried out within

title: Ash Wednesday

text: and Catholic churches. Robin Knowles Wallace states that the traditional Ash Wednesday church service includes Psalm 51 (the "Miserere"), prayers of confession and the sign of ashes. No single one of the traditional services contains all of these elements. The Anglican church's traditional Ash Wednesday service, titled "A Commination", contains the first two elements, but not the third. On the other hand, the Catholic Church's traditional service has the blessing and distribution of ashes but, while prayers of confession and recitation of Psalm 51 (the first psalm at Lauds on all penitential days, including Ash Wednesday) are a part of

title: Ash Wednesday

text: On Ash Wednesday 2017, Father Paddy Mooney, the priest of St Patrick's Roman Catholic Church in the Irish town of Glenamaddy, set up an Ashes to Go station through which commuters could drive and receive ashes from their car; the parish church also had "drive-through prayers during Lent with people submitting requests into a box left in the church grounds without having to leave their car". Reverend Trey Hall, pastor of Urban Village United Methodist Church, stated that when his local church offered ashes in Chicago "nearly 300 people received ashesincluding two people who were waiting in their car for

title: Ash Wednesday

text: ceremonies", an order that was issued only for the ecclesiastical province of Canterbury, of which Cranmer was archbishop. "The Church Cyclopædia" states that the "English office had adapted the very old Salisbury service for Ash-Wednesday, prefacing it with an address and a recital of the curses of Mount Ebal, and then with an exhortation uses the older service very nearly as it stood." The new Commination Office had no blessing of ashes and therefore, in England as a whole, "soon after the Reformation, the use of ashes was discontinued as a 'vain show' and Ash Wednesday then became only a

title: Ash Wednesday

text: 1538 and under King Edward VI in 1550, but it fell out of use in many areas after 1600. In 1536, the Ten Articles issued by authority of Henry VIII commended "the observance of various rites and ceremonies as good and laudable, such as clerical vestments, sprinkling of holy water, bearing of candles on Candlemas-day, giving of ashes on Ash-Wednesday". After Henry's death in January 1547, Thomas Cranmer, within the same year, "procured an order from the Council to forbid the carrying of candles on Candlemas-day, and the use of ashes on Ash-Wednesday, and of palms on Palm-Sunday, as superstitious

title: Ash Wednesday (poem)

text: Ash Wednesday (poem) Ash Wednesday (sometimes "Ash-Wednesday") is the first long poem written by T. S. Eliot after his 1927 conversion to Anglicanism. Published in 1930, this poem deals with the struggle that ensues when one who has lacked faith in the past strives to move towards God. Sometimes referred to as Eliot's "conversion poem", "Ash-Wednesday", with a base of Dante's "Purgatorio", is richly but ambiguously allusive and deals with the move from spiritual barrenness to hope for human salvation. The style is different from his poetry which predates his conversion. "Ash-Wednesday" and the poems that followed had a more

title: Ash Wednesday

text: and replaced it with what would later be called the Commination Office. In that 1549 edition, the rite was headed: "The First Day of Lent: Commonly Called Ash-Wednesday". The ashes ceremony was not forbidden, but was not included in the church's official liturgy. Its place was taken by reading biblical curses of God against sinners, to each of which the people were directed to respond with Amen. The text of the "Commination or Denouncing of God's Anger and Judgments against Sinners" begins: "In the primitive Church there was a godly discipline, that, at the beginning of Lent, such persons as

title: Ash Wednesday

text: a stoplight to change." In 2013, churches not only in the United States, but also at least one church each in the United Kingdom, Canada and South Africa, participated in Ashes to Go. Outside of their church building, Saint Stephen Martyr Lutheran Church in Canton offered Ashes to Go for "believers whose schedules make it difficult to attend a traditional service" in 2016. In the United States itself 34 states and the District of Columbia had at least one church taking part. Most of these churches (parishes) were Episcopal, but there were also several Methodist churches, as well as Presbyterian

title: Ash Wednesday

text: Methodists, have participated in the Ashes to Go program, in which clergy go outside of their churches to public places, such as downtowns, sidewalks and train stations, to distribute ashes to passersby, even to people waiting in their cars for a stoplight to change. The Anglican priest Emily Mellott of Calvary Church in Lombard took up the idea and turned it into a movement, stated that the practice was also an act of evangelism. Anglicans and Catholics in parts of the United Kingdom such as Sunderland, are offering Ashes to Go together: Marc Lyden-Smith, the priest of Saint Mary's Church,

title: Ash Wednesday

text: stated that the ecumenical effort is a "tremendous witness in our city, with Catholics and Anglicans working together to start the season of Lent, perhaps reminding those who have fallen away from the Church, or have never been before, that the Christian faith is alive and active in Sunderland." The Catholic Student Association of Kent State University, based at the University Parish Newman Center, offered ashes to university students who were going through the Student Center of that institution in 2012, and Douglas Clark of St. Matthew's Roman Catholic Church in Statesboro, among others, have participated in Ashes to Go.

title: Ash Wednesday

text: for a whole day until the evening, and at sunset, Western Christians traditionally broke the Lenten fast, which is often known as the Black Fast. In India and Pakistan, many Christians continue this practice of fasting until sunset on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday, with some fasting in this manner throughout the whole season of Lent. In the Roman Catholic Church, Ash Wednesday is observed by fasting, abstinence from meat, and repentancea day of contemplating one's transgressions. On Ash Wednesday and Good Friday, Roman Catholics between the ages of 18 and 59 (whose health enables them to do so) are

title: Ash Wednesday

long_answer: Ashes are ceremonially placed on the heads of Christians on Ash Wednesday, either by being sprinkled over their heads or, in English-speaking countries, more often by being marked on their foreheads as a visible cross. The words (based on Genesis 3:19) used traditionally to accompany this gesture are, "Memento, homo, quia pulvis es, et in pulverem reverteris." ("Remember, man, that thou art dust, and to dust thou shalt return.") This custom is credited to Pope Gregory I the Great (c. 540–604). In the 1969 revision of the Roman Rite, an alternative formula (based on Mark 1:15) was introduced and given first place "Repent, and believe in the Gospel" and the older formula was translated as "Remember that you are dust, and to dust you shall return." The old formula, based on the words spoken to Adam and Eve after their sin, reminds worshippers of their sinfulness and mortality and thus, implicitly, of their need to repent in time. The newer formula makes explicit what was only implicit in the old.


question: who sings it's my party and i cry if i want to

answers: Lesley Gore

title: It's My Party (Lesley Gore song)

text: "It's my party, and I'll cry if I want to... You would cry too if it happened to you!" became a part of American pop cultural language as a phrase used to describe being utterly humiliated and miserable during an event that is supposed to be a happy occasion. "It's My Party" is in the key of A major. The song's effectiveness is enhanced by several musical touches producer Quincy Jones incorporated, including Latin-sounding rhythms, double tracked vocals and effective horn parts. Allmusic critic Jason Ankeny wrote of the song, It's My Party' remains one of the most vivid evocations

title: It's My Party!

text: It's My Party! It's My Party! (stylized as IT'S MY PARTY!) is a 1960s-inspired teen girl group from Rochester, New York. Founded in 1985, the band consists of three vocalists who are regularly renewed. There have been over 32 vocalists since the group was founded. It's My Party! performs covers of 1960s hit songs and original material written by John Giotto, Paul Kanack, and Syeed Abdulal-Haqq with the help of Ron Stein. It's My Party! was included in John Clemente's book "Fabulous Females Who Rocked the World" in 2013. It's My Party! is a 1960s-inspired band formed in 1985 by

title: It's My Party (Jessie J song)

text: It's My Party (Jessie J song) "It's My Party" is a song by British singer-songwriter Jessie J, released as the second single from her second studio album, "Alive" (2013). The song was written by Jessie J, Claude Kelly, John Lardieri and Colin Norman, and produced by Lardieri and Kelly. The track premiered on UK radio on 5 August 2013 and was officially released in the UK via iTunes on 15 September 2013. Jessie J recorded the official video at the end of June and it was directed by Emil Nava. "It's My Party" is a mid-tempo song in the key

title: It's My Party (Jessie J song)

text: breaks into the chorus: "It's my party/ I'll do what I want"." Credits adapted from the liner notes of "Alive". It's My Party (Jessie J song) "It's My Party" is a song by British singer-songwriter Jessie J, released as the second single from her second studio album, "Alive" (2013). The song was written by Jessie J, Claude Kelly, John Lardieri and Colin Norman, and produced by Lardieri and Kelly. The track premiered on UK radio on 5 August 2013 and was officially released in the UK via iTunes on 15 September 2013. Jessie J recorded the official video at the

title: Don't Cry / I Love to Party

text: Don't Cry / I Love to Party "Don't Cry / I Love to Party" is a double A-sided single released by Belgian singer/songwriter Kaye Styles and Australian born Irish singer/songwriter Johnny Logan. The songs are re-working of Logan's two winning Eurovision Song Contest songs, "Hold Me Now" and "What's Another Year". The single was released in July 2006 and included on Styles' album "It Iz What It Iz". In 2006, Kaye Styles entered Eurosong '06, which was the Belgian national final for choosing the Belgian entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2006, with the song "Profile". The song placed 6th

title: It's My Party (Lesley Gore song)

text: by Gaskin in a blond wig. Because of the pop cultural obsession with the song and its tragic nature, Gore recorded a sequel titled "Judy's Turn to Cry". In this song, the teenage girl narrator gets her revenge on Judy. In the lyrics the narrator explicitly finds "foolish" how much she cried when she saw Johnny and Judy together, and seems determined to start anew. But after she kisses another boy at another party, Johnny gets jealous, punches the other boy and returns to her. Following just two months on the heels of "It's My Party," the sequel reached number

title: It's My Party (Jessie J song)

text: vocals are a mess, and the talking she does is...I cannot find the right words to describe this. What's happening to Jessie J this era?. For real!". Karen Lanza of PopCrush commented: "Hearing a song called ‘It’s My Party,’ you expect to indulge the recording artist as much as you do your bestie when she throws herself a birthday bash. It is, after all, her party, and she’ll most likely do whatever the heck she wants. But it doesn’t mean you have to like it. With her newly released single, Jessie J fails to take full advantage of the listener’s

title: It's My Party (Jessie J song)

text: that I kind of bring together as one big party. There's some cameos in there, some of my best mates in there (Daley and model Jourdan Dunn). It's a fun video where it's just me being silly. A lot of humor." John Walker of MTV Buzzworthy commented: "The clip opens on our boisterous heroine alone in a hallway, where she peeps through the keyholes into two very different party scenes: the first prim and proper, the second completely OOC. Obviously Jessie picks the fun party, where she bounces around with her newfound freak friends [including model Anita De Bauch] and

title: It's My Party (Jessie J song)

text: don't think hate does anything for the world. It doesn't do any good. I wanted to make sure I had a song that represented what I'm about." "It's My Party" garnered mixed reviews from critics. UnrealityTV gave It's My Party three stars (out of five) wrote, "I feel Jessie’s vocals are distorted at times on It’s My Party, the chord is too high – it was the same problem with Wild at points in the song". Kevipod of DirectLyrics said, "On the first listen, "It's My Party" sounds like a big utter mess. It strikes as generic, not current, the

title: Don't Cry / I Love to Party

text: in the final. During the final, two-time winner Johnny Logan was part of the professional jury awarding points. Following the final, the pair collaborated with Style re-working Logan's "Hold Me Now" as "Don't Cry" and "What's Another Year" as "I Love to Party". The single was released as a double-A sided single, and video clips were produced for both songs. Don't Cry / I Love to Party "Don't Cry / I Love to Party" is a double A-sided single released by Belgian singer/songwriter Kaye Styles and Australian born Irish singer/songwriter Johnny Logan. The songs are re-working of Logan's two winning

title: My Life Is a Party

text: My Life Is a Party "My Life Is a Party" is a song by German dance group ItaloBrothers. The song was released in Germany as a digital download on July 27, 2012. The song has charted in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The song heavily samples the song "Dragostea din tei" by O-Zone. A music video to accompany the release of "My Life Is a Party" was first released onto YouTube on July 25, 2012 at a total length of three minutes and forty-three seconds. It is the second song to feature a Dragostea din tei sample, the other being Live

title: It's My Party (Lesley Gore song)

text: of adolescent heartbreak ever waxed—Quincy Jones produced the record, although you'd swear it was Aaron Spelling instead." "It's My Party" was credited to John Gluck, Wally Gold and Herb Weiner, staff writers at the Aaron Schroeder Music firm in 1962. The lyrics were actually written by Seymour Gottlieb, a freelance songwriter. He gave the lyrics to Herb Weiner, with whom he partnered in writing songs, to peddle. It was based on actual events relating to Gottlieb's daughter Judy's ‘Sweet 16’ party, before which she cried over the prospect of her grandparents being invited. The demo for the song was cut

title: It's My Party (Jessie J song)

text: goodwill following the urban-edged ‘Wild,’ the well-received first track off of her as-yet-untitled second album. With its frantic beats and eff-off lyrics, ‘It’s My Party’ aims to be a full-stop dance-floor anthem for the waning days of summer. The lyrics are indeed fun — who doesn’t love telling off haters? — but the tune itself is lacking the hooks to keep you from forgetting it the second its 3 minutes, 38 seconds are over". The music video was directed by Emil Nava. Jessie told about the song's music video. "It's basically me having parties," she said. "Three very different parties

title: Judy's Turn to Cry

text: cry; 'cause Johnny's come back to me." Until then the singer's "tears just fell like rain drops" because "Judy's smile was so mean." With its emphasis on crying—in this case Judy rather than the singer—the song fit in with the theme of the album "I'll Cry If I Want To", in which most of the songs involved someone crying. The song's instrumentation includes drums and horns. Allmusic critic Joe Viglione describes "Judy's Turn to Cry" as having "a monstrous hook as valuable as 'It's My Party' with violence that may have been inspired by The Crystals pushing the envelope with

title: It's My Party (Lesley Gore song)

text: "It's My Party" is a pop song recorded by multiple artists since the 1960s. In 1963, American singer Lesley Gore's version hit #1 on the pop and rhythm and blues charts in the United States.  It was the first hit single for producer Quincy Jones.

title: It's My Party (Lesley Gore song)

text: the University of Michigan freeform student radio station, played "It's My Party" for 18 hours straight the day after Ronald Reagan was elected. In 1981, a remake by British artists Dave Stewart and Barbara Gaskin was a UK number-one hit single for four weeks, becoming the first version of the song to reach number one in the UK. The cover also reached number one in Ireland and New Zealand and reached the top 10 in Australia, Austria, Germany, South Africa, and Switzerland. The music video for the Stewart/Gaskin version contained a cameo by Thomas Dolby as Johnny, Judy being played

title: It's My Party!

text: songs. The band went through a brief hiatus and reformed again in 1992. Along with live performances, they have appeared on radio programs including "Brother Wease." It's My Party! began recording their performances in 1997. In 1999, It's My Party! made their television debut appearing on "The Record Collector's Corner", broadcast from Medford, Massachusetts. The band performed with The Pixies Three at the Marshfield Fair in Marshfield, Massachusetts in 2000, and the International Pop Overthrow Festival in July of that year. It's My Party! It's My Party! (stylized as IT'S MY PARTY!) is a 1960s-inspired teen girl group from Rochester,

title: The Marvelous Wonderettes

text: her husband are just as bumpy now as they used to be. Lamenting, Betty Jean sings "I Only Want to Be With You". At the conclusion of her song she notices her husband spending time with Judy Carter. She sings "That's When The Tears Start" followed by "It's My Party". Cindy Lou attempts to comfort her, but Betty Jean is still angry with her about the events which took place in high school. It's Cindy Lou's turn to perform next and she apologizes to Betty Jean as best she can before talking about her lack of luck in Hollywood, which

title: It's My Party (Lesley Gore song)

text: among some two hundred demos producer Quincy Jones brought to review with her in the den of her family home in February 1963. On hearing "It's My Party," Gore told Jones: "That's not half bad. I like it. Good melody. Let's put it on the maybe pile." The song proved to be the only demo Gore and Jones found agreeable. With Jones producing and Claus Ogerman handling arranging and conducting duties, Gore recorded 'It's My Party' at Bell Sound Studios in Manhattan on March 30, 1963. In March 1963 Phil Spector heard the demo of "It's My Party" while visiting

title: It's My Party (Lesley Gore song)

text: by Barbara Jean English, a girl group veteran (the Clickettes, the Fashions), who was then working as a receptionist at the firm. She also worked with Jimmy Radcliffe, serving as the firm's in-house demo singer. Radcliffe produced the demo, and, according to English, "tried to persuade Musicor [the label owned by Aaron Schroeder] to release it as a record, or to take me into a master studio and redo it, but they weren't interested." The first recording of the song was in 1962 by The Chiffons for their "One Fine Day" album. It was also recorded by Helen Shapiro for

title: It's My Party (Lesley Gore song)

text: did not mention Spector's version to Jones but Jones and Spector both happened to attend a concert with Charles Aznavour at Carnegie Hall on the evening of March 30, 1963 and when they met outside it came up in conversation that Spector had recorded a version of "It's My Party" with the Crystals. Jones skipped the concert instead spending that night—a Saturday—at Bell Sound Studios making a test pressing of the track comprising one hundred copies. Over the next two days Jones mailed these out to radio programmers in key markets across the US. Gore heard her record played on

title: Pity Party (song)

text: are no guests. Near the end of the first chorus, Cry Baby is sitting on her sofa along with several floating party hats, most likely representing her missing guests. The video continues with her entertaining her stuffed animals by inflating balloons. By the second chorus Cry Baby has started destroying the party, tearing decorations off the wall, smashing her birthday cake, cutting up her stuffed animals, and popping all the balloons with a kitchen knife. At the end of the video, Cry Baby is sitting in the ruins of her party. The house is burning as she blows out the

title: I Don't Wanna Cry

text: single that she did not co-write with Ben Margulies. When she and Walden first wrote the song, she was excited because it sounded like something that would be played on the radio. However, due to bad experiences during its production and because she feels it "doesn't have a message," Carey stated in an MTV interview that she dislikes the song and tries to sing it as rarely as possible. Carey had lobbied to co-produce the song, but was denied permission by Columbia Records. She often fought with Walden in the studio concerning the song's production, and as a result Walden

title: Party (Beyoncé song)

text: song a mixed review, writing: "[...] the less said about the phrase 'swag goo' the better; 'Party', the song on which those unfortunate words appear — Kanye West providing that unfortunate pun — is otherwise wonderful, but yet some errors are too grievous to forgive." Andy Kellman from Allmusic stated, "[...] What's most surprising is that a song titled 'Party' quickly settles into a low-watt groove and remains there." Bill Lamb from About.com added, "Kanye West and Andre 3000 provide interesting vocal color for 'Party' but the song itself is just a variant on the 'this is my night to

title: Judy's Turn to Cry

text: their withdrawn classic 'He Hit Me (It Felt Like a Kiss)'". Viglione also notes that because both "It's My Party" and "Judy's Turn to Cry" are short, both at just under 2:20, and both songs are different from each other, and each starts off with its own identifiable hook, and the choruses are different but the verses tell one continuous story, the two songs could be played on the radio back to back, allowing Gore to sing the entire "soap opera." This song is in the key of D Major, while "It's my Party" is in the key of A

title: ItaloBrothers

text: some releases of DJ Manian and has influences of Italo dance, hands up and jumpstyle. They were also compared to Scooter. In contrast to this, the music style of their singles "Cryin' In The Rain", "My Life Is a Party" and "This Is Nightlife" is mostly influenced by commercial European dance music like house and electro. This style can be compared to artists like R.I.O., 2010s releases of Manian and Cascada, and Mike Candys. The band was founded in November 2005, after the three band members having already made music together since 2003. Their first official release was "The Moon",

title: Judy's Turn to Cry

text: on May 11, 1963, Gore's label, Mercury Records rushed to record a sequel. The sequel, "Judy's Turn to Cry," was recorded on May 14, 1963. In "It's My Party," the singer was in tears because her boyfriend Johnny left with her best friend Judy. In "Judy's Turn to Cry," the singer kisses another boy at another party in order to make Johnny jealous and Johnny hits the other boy and returns to her. In the chorus, which also opens the song, the triumphant singer gloats that "Well now it's Judy's turn to cry, Judy's turn to cry, Judy's turn to

title: Party (Beyoncé song)

text: "NME" commented that "Party" is the first indication that "4" was influenced by the likes of Teena Marie. Lyrically, "Party" features Beyoncé as the female protagonist "in the mood for some loving" as she references to a get-together for two persons. West rhymes about "swag sauce" and "swagu" in the introductory lines, "You a bad girl, your friends bad too / You got the swag sauce, you're drippin' Swagu", before passing the torch to Beyoncé, who begins to sing the first verse slowly and steadily, "I may be young but I'm ready / To give you all my love /

title: Party (Beyoncé song)

text: I told my girls you can get it / Don't slow it down, just let it go / So in love / I'll give it all away / Just don't tell nobody tomorrow". In the chorus lines, she harmonizes over the sample from "La Di Da Di", "Cause tonight's the night that I give you everything / Music knocking until the morning light / 'Cause we like to party". In the second verse, Beyoncé belts out "in a thick stack of smooth, layered vocals". After chanting the chorus for a second time, André 3000 surfaces around the 2:15 mark with

title: Pity Party (song)

text: her", considering she's the only person featured in the video. A behind the scenes video was released June 17, 2015. Melanie describes her character, "Cry Baby", "She fell in love with someone, she threw a birthday party, invited him, and nobody showed up so she's just like absolutely insane", she said in the behind the scenes of her video. The video begins with Cry Baby writing invitations to her party guests. The song then begins, and the video cuts to Cry Baby waking up for the day. She turns on a record and gets dressed. She goes downstairs, where there

title: It's My Party (Lesley Gore song)


question: what are some elements that are similar to silver

answers: Roentgenium (Rg)

answers: copper (Cu)

answers: gold (Au)

title: Silver

text: Silver Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from the Latin "", derived from the Proto-Indo-European "h₂erǵ": "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. The metal is found in the Earth's crust in the pure, free elemental form ("native silver"), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper, gold, lead, and zinc refining. Silver has long been valued as a precious metal. Silver

title: Period 5 element

text: in South Africa, the Stillwater Complex in Montana, United States, the Thunder Bay District of Ontario, Canada, and the Norilsk Complex in Russia. Recycling is also a source of palladium, mostly from scrapped catalytic converters. The numerous applications and limited supply sources of palladium result in the metal attracting considerable investment interest. Silver is a metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag (, from the Indo-European root "*arg-" for "grey" or "shining") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal.

title: Silver

text: relatively weak. This observation explains the low hardness and high ductility of single crystals of silver. Silver has a brilliant white metallic luster that can take a high polish, and which is so characteristic that the name of the metal itself has become a colour name. Unlike copper and gold, the energy required to excite an electron from the filled d band to the s-p conduction band in silver is large enough (around 385 kJ/mol) that it no longer corresponds to absorption in the visible region of the spectrum, but rather in the ultraviolet; hence silver is not a coloured

title: Silver

text: on heating, force, drying, illumination, or sometimes spontaneously. To avoid the formation of such compounds, ammonia and acetylene should be kept away from silver equipment. Salts of silver with strongly oxidising acids such as silver chlorate and silver nitrate can explode on contact with materials that can be readily oxidised, such as organic compounds, sulfur and soot. Silver Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from the Latin "", derived from the Proto-Indo-European "h₂erǵ": "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any

title: Silver

text: the periodic table. The atomic weight is 107.8682(2) u; this value is very important because of the importance of silver compounds, particularly halides, in gravimetric analysis. Both isotopes of silver are produced in stars via the s-process (slow neutron capture), as well as in supernovas via the r-process (rapid neutron capture). Twenty-eight radioisotopes have been characterized, the most stable being Ag with a half-life of 41.29 days, Ag with a half-life of 7.45 days, and Ag with a half-life of 3.13 hours. Silver has numerous nuclear isomers, the most stable being Ag ("t" = 418 years), Ag ("t" = 249.79

title: Silver (color)

text: Silver (color) Silver or metallic gray is a color tone resembling gray that is a representation of the color of polished silver. The visual sensation usually associated with the metal silver is its metallic shine. This cannot be reproduced by a simple solid color, because the shiny effect is due to the material's brightness varying with the surface angle to the light source. In addition, there is no mechanism for showing metallic or fluorescent colors on a computer without resorting to rendering software which simulates the action of light on a shiny surface. Consequently, in art and in heraldry one

title: Silver

text: shell is not very effective in shielding the electrostatic forces of attraction from the nucleus to the outermost 5s electron, and hence silver is near the bottom of the electrochemical series ("E"(Ag/Ag) = +0.799 V). In group 11, silver has the lowest first ionization energy (showing the instability of the 5s orbital), but has higher second and third ionization energies than copper and gold (showing the stability of the 4d orbitals), so that the chemistry of silver is predominantly that of the +1 oxidation state, reflecting the increasingly limited range of oxidation states along the transition series as the d-orbitals

title: Group 11 element

text: Parkes process. These metals, especially silver, have unusual properties that make them essential for industrial applications outside of their monetary or decorative value. They are all excellent conductors of electricity. The most conductive of all metals are silver, copper and gold in that order. Silver is also the most thermally conductive element, and the most light reflecting element. Silver also has the unusual property that the tarnish that forms on silver is still highly electrically conductive. Copper is used extensively in electrical wiring and circuitry. Gold contacts are sometimes found in precision equipment for their ability to remain corrosion-free. Silver

title: Silver

text: RFID antennas are made with silver paints, Powdered silver and its alloys are used in paste preparations for conductor layers and electrodes, ceramic capacitors, and other ceramic components. Silver-containing brazing alloys are used for brazing metallic materials, mostly cobalt, nickel, and copper-based alloys, tool steels, and precious metals. The basic components are silver and copper, with other elements selected according to the specific application desired: examples include zinc, tin, cadmium, palladium, manganese, and phosphorus. Silver provides increased workability and corrosion resistance during usage. Silver is useful in the manufacture of chemical equipment on account of its low chemical reactivity, high

title: Silver

text: made out of pure silver; the silver is normally put in place by electroplating. Silver-plated glass (as opposed to metal) is used for mirrors, vacuum flasks, and Christmas tree decorations. Because pure silver is very soft, most silver used for these purposes is alloyed with copper, with finenesses of 925/1000, 835/1000, and 800/1000 being common. One drawback is the easy tarnishing of silver in the presence of hydrogen sulfide and its derivatives. Including precious metals such as palladium, platinum, and gold gives resistance to tarnishing but is quite costly; base metals like zinc, cadmium, silicon, and germanium do not totally

title: Sterling silver

text: Sterling silver Sterling silver is an alloy of silver containing 92.5% by weight of silver and 7.5% by weight of other metals, usually copper. The sterling silver standard has a minimum millesimal fineness of 925. "Fine silver", for example 99.9% pure silver, is relatively soft, so silver is usually alloyed with copper to increase its hardness and strength. Sterling silver is prone to tarnishing, and elements other than copper can be used in alloys to reduce tarnishing, as well as casting porosity and firescale. Such elements include germanium, zinc, platinum, silicon, and boron. Recent examples of alloys using these metals

title: Sterling silver

text: such as wheel polishing, which are typically performed by professional jewelers or silver repair companies, are reserved for extreme tarnish or corrosion. Sterling silver Sterling silver is an alloy of silver containing 92.5% by weight of silver and 7.5% by weight of other metals, usually copper. The sterling silver standard has a minimum millesimal fineness of 925. "Fine silver", for example 99.9% pure silver, is relatively soft, so silver is usually alloyed with copper to increase its hardness and strength. Sterling silver is prone to tarnishing, and elements other than copper can be used in alloys to reduce tarnishing, as

title: Sterling silver

text: does not react with oxygen or water at ordinary temperatures, so does not easily form a silver oxide. However, it is attacked by common components of atmospheric pollution: silver sulfide slowly appears as a black tarnish during exposure to airborne compounds of sulfur (byproducts of the burning of fossil fuels and some industrial processes), and low level ozone reacts to form silver oxide. As the purity of the silver decreases, the problem of corrosion or tarnishing increases because other metals in the alloy, usually copper, may react with oxygen in the air. The black silver sulfide (AgS) is among the

title: Native metal

text: gold compound minerals are uncommon, mainly a handful of selenides and tellurides. Native silver occurs as elongated dendritic coatings or irregular masses. It may also occur as cubic, octahedral, or dodecahedral crystals. It may occur alloyed with gold as electrum. It often occurs with silver sulfide and sulfosalt minerals. Various amalgams of silver and mercury or other metals and mercury do occur rarely as minerals in nature. An example is the mineral eugenite (AgHg) and related forms. Silver nuggets, wires, and grains are relatively common, but there are also a large number of silver compound minerals owing to silver being

title: Group 11 element

text: Group 11, by modern IUPAC numbering, is a group of chemical elements in the periodic table, consisting of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au). Roentgenium (Rg) is also placed in this group in the periodic table, although no chemical experiments have yet been carried out to confirm that it behaves like the heavier homologue to gold.  Group 11 is also known as the coinage metals, due to their former usage. They were most likely the first three elements discovered. Copper, silver, and gold all occur naturally in elemental form.

title: Nickel silver

text: Nickel silver Nickel silver, Maillechort, German silver, Argentan, new silver, nickel brass, albata, alpacca, is a copper alloy with nickel and often zinc. The usual formulation is 60% copper, 20% nickel and 20% zinc. Nickel silver is named due to its silvery appearance, but it contains no elemental silver unless plated. The name "German silver" refers to its development by 19th-century German metalworkers from the Chinese alloy known as paktong (白銅) (cupronickel). All modern, commercially important nickel silvers (such as those standardized under ASTM B122) contain significant amounts of zinc, and are sometimes considered a subset of brass. Nickel silver

title: Silver

text: in the d-block which has a completely consistent set of electron configurations. This distinctive electron configuration, with a single electron in the highest occupied s subshell over a filled d subshell, accounts for many of the singular properties of metallic silver. Silver is an extremely soft, ductile and malleable transition metal, though it is slightly less malleable than gold. Silver crystallizes in a face-centered cubic lattice with bulk coordination number 12, where only the single 5s electron is delocalized, similarly to copper and gold. Unlike metals with incomplete d-shells, metallic bonds in silver are lacking a covalent character and are

title: Silver

text: of any metal. Silver readily forms alloys with copper and gold, as well as zinc. Zinc-silver alloys with low zinc concentration may be considered as face-centred cubic solid solutions of zinc in silver, as the structure of the silver is largely unchanged while the electron concentration rises as more zinc is added. Increasing the electron concentration further leads to body-centred cubic (electron concentration 1.5), complex cubic (1.615), and hexagonal close-packed phases (1.75). Naturally occurring silver is composed of two stable isotopes, Ag and Ag, with Ag being slightly more abundant (51.839% natural abundance). This almost equal abundance is rare in

title: Silver

text: fill and stabilize. Unlike copper, for which the larger hydration energy of Cu as compared to Cu is the reason why the former is the more stable in aqueous solution and solids despite lacking the stable filled d-subshell of the latter, with silver this effect is swamped by its larger second ionisation energy. Hence, Ag is the stable species in aqueous solution and solids, with Ag being much less stable as it oxidizes water. Most silver compounds have significant covalent character due to the small size and high first ionization energy (730.8 kJ/mol) of silver. Furthermore, silver's Pauling electronegativity of

title: Period 5 element

text: The metal occurs naturally in its pure, free form (native silver), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper, gold, lead, and zinc refining. Silver has long been valued as a precious metal, and it is used to make ornaments, jewelry, high-value tableware, utensils (hence the term "silverware"), and currency coins. Today, silver metal is also used in electrical contacts and conductors, in mirrors and in catalysis of chemical reactions. Its compounds are used in photographic film, and dilute silver nitrate solutions and

title: Silver

text: is stable even in the absence of π-acceptor ligands. Silver does not react with air, even at red heat, and thus was considered by alchemists as a noble metal along with gold. Its reactivity is intermediate between that of copper (which forms copper(I) oxide when heated in air to red heat) and gold. Like copper, silver reacts with sulfur and its compounds; in their presence, silver tarnishes in air to form the black silver sulfide (copper forms the green sulfate instead, while gold does not react). Unlike copper, silver will not react with the halogens, with the exception of fluorine

title: Platinaire

text: Platinaire Platinaire is a patented alloy combining sterling silver and platinum. The alloy is a blend of 92.5% silver and 5% platinum and 2.5% being the undisclosed elements that make up the patent. Platinaire, unlike most gold and silver, is nickel free and hence hypoallergenic. It is also fabricated from recycled silver and platinum, making it a green metal that conforms to current demands for sustainability and preserving the earth's resources. The alloy was initially used in the production of very high end flutes for concert level master musicians. In the last several years, due to rising gold prices it

title: Silver

text: of consciousness; this is the negative aspect, the perverting of its value. The abundance of silver in the Earth's crust is 0.08 parts per million, almost exactly the same as that of mercury. It mostly occurs in sulfide ores, especially acanthite and argentite, AgS. Argentite deposits sometimes also contain native silver when they occur in reducing environments, and when in contact with salt water they are converted to chlorargyrite (including horn silver), AgCl, which is prevalent in Chile and New South Wales. Most other silver minerals are silver pnictides or chalcogenides; they are generally lustrous semiconductors. Most true silver deposits,

title: Period 6 element

text: literally translated into "little silver". It is a dense, malleable, ductile, precious, gray-white transition metal. Platinum has six naturally occurring isotopes. It is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust and has an average abundance of approximately 5 μg/kg. It is the least reactive metal. It occurs in some nickel and copper ores along with some native deposits, mostly in South Africa, which accounts for 80% of the world production. As a member of the platinum group of elements, as well as of the group 10 of the periodic table of elements, platinum is generally non-reactive. It exhibits

title: Silver

text: boron and carbon) have very complex Ag–M phase diagrams and form the most commercially important alloys; and the remaining elements on the periodic table have no consistency in their Ag–M phase diagrams. By far the most important such alloys are those with copper: most silver used for coinage and jewellery is in reality a silver–copper alloy, and the eutectic mixture is used in vacuum brazing. The two metals are completely miscible as liquids but not as solids; their importance in industry comes from the fact that their properties tend to be suitable over a wide range of variation in silver

title: Silver

text: the periodic table) is useful in nuclear reactors because of its high thermal neutron capture cross-section, good conduction of heat, mechanical stability, and resistance to corrosion in hot water. The word "silver" appears in Anglo-Saxon in various spellings, such as "seolfor" and "siolfor". A similar form is seen throughout the Germanic languages (compare Old High German "silabar" and "silbir"). The chemical symbol Ag is from the Latin word for "silver", "argentum" (compare Ancient Greek ἄργυρος, "árgyros"), from the Proto-Indo-European root *"h₂erǵ-" (formerly reconstructed as "*arǵ-"), meaning "white" or "shining": this was the usual Proto-Indo-European word for the metal, whose reflexes

title: Silver (color)

text: displayed the color silver chalice. The color name "silver chalice" for this tone of silver has been in use since 2001, when it was promulgated as one of the colors on the Xona.com Color List. At right is displayed the color Roman silver. "Roman silver", a blue-gray tone of silver, is one of the colors on the Resene Color List, a color list widely popular in Australia and New Zealand. At right is displayed the color old silver. "Old silver" is a color that was formulated to resemble tarnished silver. The first recorded use of "old silver" as a color

title: Native metal

text: brass, bronze, pewter, German silver, osmiridium, electrum, white gold, and silver-mercury and gold-mercury amalgam. Only gold, silver, copper and the platinum metals occur in nature in large amounts. Over geological time scales, very few metals can resist natural weathering processes like oxidation, which is why generally only the less reactive metals such as gold and platinum are found as native metals. The others usually occur as isolated pockets where a natural chemical process reduces a common compound or ore of the metal, leaving the pure metal behind as small flakes or inclusions. Non-metallic elements occurring in the native state include

title: Silver

text: metal. Protected silver has greater optical reflectivity than aluminium at all wavelengths longer than ~450 nm. At wavelengths shorter than 450 nm, silver's reflectivity is inferior to that of aluminium and drops to zero near 310 nm. Very high electrical and thermal conductivity is common to the elements in group 11, because their single s electron is free and does not interact with the filled d subshell, as such interactions (which occur in the preceding transition metals) lower electron mobility. The electrical conductivity of silver is the greatest of all metals, greater even than copper, but it is not widely

title: Silver

text: metal is used in many bullion coins, sometimes alongside gold: while it is more abundant than gold, it is much less abundant as a native metal. Its purity is typically measured on a per-mille basis; a 94%-pure alloy is described as "0.940 fine". As one of the seven metals of antiquity, silver has had an enduring role in most human cultures. Other than in currency and as an investment medium (coins and bullion), silver is used in solar panels, water filtration, jewellery, ornaments, high-value tableware and utensils (hence the term silverware), in electrical contacts and conductors, in specialized mirrors, window

title: Group 11 element

short_answers:
Roentgenium (Rg)
copper (Cu)
gold (Au)


question: when was the chain first used for f1

answers: 1978

title: The Chain

text: BBC's loss of TV rights to ITV Sport in 1997, thus making the song highly recognisable in the United Kingdom. On 29 March 2009 the song re-entered the UK Chart at #94 through downloads, following confirmation from the BBC that it would be reintroduced, the BBC having regained broadcasting rights from ITV. On 20 March 2011, "The Chain" peaked higher at #81 in the UK chart following a campaign on Facebook to try to get the song to number 1 for the start of the 2011 Formula One season. By April 2018, the song had been certified Platinum by the

title: Circuit de Monaco

text: tighter "Fairmont Hairpin" (was known as the "Station Hairpin" before the hotel was opened on the site in 1973; the hairpin's name changed depending on the name on the hotel). It is a corner which has been used for many overtaking manoeuvres in the past. However it would be almost physically impossible for two modern F1 cars to go round side by side, as the drivers must use full steering lock to get around. It is so tight that many Formula 1 teams must redesign their steering and suspension specifically to negotiate this corner. After the hairpin, the cars head

title: Formula One tyres

text: in the 2007 European Grand Prix, the F1 cars are unable to keep up with the safety car in deep standing water due to the risk of aquaplaning. In very wet races such as the 2011 Canadian Grand Prix, the tyres are unable to provide a safe race due to the amount of water, and so the race can be red flagged. The race is either then stopped permanently, or suspended for any period of time until the cars can race safely again. During the 1950s and 1960s, Formula One tyres were supplied by Dunlop, Firestone and Goodyear. In 1958,

title: Formula One tyres

text: and Pirelli showed interest in taking over the role of tyre supplier. In June 2010, it was announced that Pirelli would be the sole tyre supplier for and would receive a three-year contract. During August 2010, Pirelli commenced its test programme with the Toyota TF109 at the Mugello Circuit with Nick Heidfeld as the test driver. From 2011, the feeder GP2 Series would use identical Pirelli tyres as in F1. With the sole tyre supplier having been changed from Bridgestone to Pirelli, the rules were the same as the 2010 season rules concerning the tyres. All teams still were required

title: Channel 4 F1

text: of all remaining races a few hours after they finish, early evening for European and Asian which are shown live races, afternoon for Asian races or late night for live races and ones in the Americas. Qualifying highlights for live races will only be shown if they are live races in Asia. Live race coverage will be produced by Whisper Films, with North One Television to produce accompanying programmes. Channel 4's full presenting team was announced on 8 March 2016. Channel 4 also announced that "The Chain" by Fleetwood Mac would be their title music, the song previously used by

title: Formula One car

text: little over ); they are usually changed two or three times per race, depending on the track. This is the result of a drive to maximize the road-holding ability, leading to the use of very soft compounds (to ensure that the tyre surface conforms to the road surface as closely as possible). Since the start of the 2007 season, F1 had a sole tyre supplier. From 2007 to 2010, this was Bridgestone, but 2011 saw the reintroduction of Pirelli into the sport, following the departure of Bridgestone. Nine compounds of F1 tyre exist; 7 are dry weather compounds (superhard, hard,

title: 2016 Formula One World Championship

text: For the second year in a row, Hamilton decided not to exercise his option of switching his car number to 1, as was his prerogative as reigning World Champion, and would instead race with his career number 44. A pre-season tyre test was held at Circuit Paul Ricard in France in January, conducted by Pirelli to evaluate their wet weather tyres. The first pre-season team test was held a month later at the Circuit de Catalunya. Ferrari were fastest on three of the four testing days, with Nico Hülkenberg topping the time sheets for Force India on the third day.

title: Formula One tyres

text: red lettering. For the wet tyres, the intermediate tyres would have light blue lettering and the full wet tyres would have orange lettering. At the 2011 Malaysian Grand Prix, Pirelli introduced a coloured band around the outside of the tyre on the softer of the two dry compounds. This was due to confusion during the first round of the season. This measure was said to be a stop gap, with a permanent solution due to be implemented at the first European race of the season. The coloured line featured at the Chinese Grand Prix too. From the Turkish Grand Prix,

title: French Grand Prix

text: the 1 minute 1 second range, and Ricard was the main testing facility for Formula One at the time. So it was Ricard that was chosen, and it hosted the race from 1985–1990. From 1986 onwards Formula One used a shortened version of the circuit, after Elio de Angelis's fatal crash at the fast Verriere bends. De Angelis was not injured by the crash, however his car caught fire and there were no marshals to help him as it was a test session, and he died of smoke inhalation in hospital the next day. These two fast corners and the

title: Silverstone Circuit

text: Bridge Corner was subtly rerouted in 1987. The track underwent a major redesign between the 1990 and 1991 races, transforming the ultra-fast track (where in, its last years, fourth or fifth gear, depending on the transmission of the car, was used for every corner except the Bridge chicane which was usually taken in second gear) into a more technical track. The reshaped track's first Formula One race was won by Nigel Mansell in front of his home crowd. On his victory lap back to the pits Mansell picked up stranded rival Ayrton Senna to give him a lift on his

title: Formula One Group

text: unpopular with viewers due to local broadcasters focusing heavily on local teams and drivers, whilst missing key moments. So, it was used in Germany (by DF1), France (by Canal+), Italy (by TELE+) and United Kingdom (by BSkyB). FOM and F1 Digital+ produced the world feeds of the Brazilian Grand Prix's from 1997 to 1999 and the 2002 United States Grand Prix. F1 Digital+ was axed in December 2002 and most of the design featured by FOM in the world feed from 2004. FOM produced the world feed for four races in 2004: the Australian, Bahrain, Malaysian and Chinese Grand Prix's.

title: Yas Marina Circuit

text: circuit bosses and Formula One drivers for the high level of grip it offers. The same aggregate material is used at the Bahrain International Circuit for the Bahrain Grand Prix. On 7 October 2009, the circuit was granted final approval to hold Formula One races by the FIA. Bruno Senna was the first driver to complete a test run on the circuit. GP3 visited Abu Dhabi for the first time at the end of the 2013 season. After the first practice sessions at the 2009 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, the circuit was welcomed by the drivers, with Nico Rosberg commenting

title: Bicycle chain

text: Bicycle chain A bicycle chain is a roller chain that transfers power from the pedals to the drive-wheel of a bicycle, thus propelling it. Most bicycle chains are made from plain carbon or alloy steel, but some are nickel-plated to prevent rust, or simply for aesthetics. Obsolete chain designs previously used on bicycles included the block chain, the skip-link chain, and the Simpson lever chain. The first chains were of a simple, bushingless design. These had inherent reliability problems and a bit more friction (and mechanical efficiency losses) than modern chains. With these limitations in mind, the Nevoigt brothers, of

title: 2013 Canadian Grand Prix

text: Robinson, who was run over by a recovery vehicle. The accident happened while marshals were removing the Sauber of Esteban Gutiérrez after the Mexican had spun off during the closing stages of the race. Robinson died later in hospital, and became the first trackside death in Formula One since that of marshal Graham Beveridge at the 2001 Australian Grand Prix. Tyre supplier Pirelli brought its white-banded medium compound tyre as the harder "prime" tyre and the red-banded supersoft compound tyre as the softer "option" tyre, as opposed to the previous year where soft and supersoft selection were provided. The three

title: The Chain

title: Development history of Silverstone Circuit

text: major redesign between the 1990 and 1991 races, transforming the ultra-fast track (where in its last years, every corner was taken in no lower than 4th or 5th gear – depending on the transmission of the car – except for the Bridge chicane, which was usually taken in 2nd gear) into a more technical track. The reshaped track's first F1 race was perhaps the most memorable of recent years, with Nigel Mansell coming home first in front of his home crowd. On his victory lap back to the pits Mansell even found time to pick up stranded rival Ayrton Senna

title: 2015 Belgian Grand Prix

text: units. Pirelli, Formula One's sole tyre supplier since , supplied the ten teams with four compounds of tyres for the event. The two dry selections were the white-banded medium compound as the "prime" tyre, while the yellow-banded soft compound was provided as the softer "option" choice. The green-banded intermediate weather tyre and the blue-banded full wet compounds were brought to all events. As a consequence of Konstantin Tereshchenko's crash in a GP3 Series race in 2014, new asphalt was laid down on the inside of the final corner, replacing the patch of grass that was there before. In addition, a

title: Formula One tyres

text: before the start of a European event and 15 weeks before a non-European race their tyre choices. For the 2017 F1 season, significantly wider Pirelli tyres were introduced at both the front and rear axles, while the overall diameter of the tyres was increased by 10mm. Front tyre size increased to 305/670-R13 up from the previous 245/660-R13, while rear tyre size increased to 405/670-13 up from the previous 325/660-R13. In 2017 and 2018, the FIA Formula 2 Championship continued to use the pre-2017 size Pirelli F1 tyres. Pirelli introduced two new tyre compounds for the 2018 F1 season, Hypersoft (pink)

title: Electrohydraulic manual transmission

text: only, the later incarnations added a manual mode. It was operated with an H-pattern shift lever, not a sequential lever or paddles popular in today’s cars. The most famous application of a sequential transmission on road-cars would be their use in some Ferraris since the late-nineties, beginning with the F355 F1. Their system, the most current version of which is called "F1-Superfast," with shift times of 60 ms is designed to serve as a link to their Formula One efforts. This technology has also trickled down to the cars of their sister company, Maserati where it is known as "Cambiocorsa".

title: 2008 European Grand Prix

text: time, four days before the race, the drivers were positive about the track. Formula One tyre supplier, Bridgestone, celebrated their 200th Formula One grand prix at the race, having now supplied Formula One tyres since 1997. Celebrations included a special "golden tyre" which was displayed at the track, as well as two hoardings, inscribed with "Bridgestone 200". In technical developments, McLaren and Ferrari modified their front winglets, to make sure that the maximum amount of air flow was diverted. Ferrari also revised their sidepod chimneys and winglets, with the aim of making sure the engine remained cool in hot conditions.

title: 2011 Monaco Grand Prix

text: straight of the circuit, prompting Lewis Hamilton to comment that he did not think the of space allowed for the DRS would promote much overtaking. Following increased pressure from the drivers and FOTA, the FIA agreed to ban the use of the DRS in the tunnel for free practice and qualifying. Tyre supplier Pirelli brought its yellow-banded soft compound tyre as the harder "prime" tyre and the red-banded super-soft compound as the softer "option" compound, as opposed to the previous year where Bridgestone brought the medium compound as the "prime" tyre. The Monaco grand prix marked the debut of the

title: F1 Racing

text: advantage. While "F1 Racing" suspected what McLaren were doing, they required proof to publish the story. At the 1997 Luxembourg Grand Prix the two McLarens retired from the race while in first and second positions. This allowed Heath to take a picture of the footwell of Häkkinen's car and the second brake pedal. The story was run in the November issue of "F1 Racing" and led to the system being dubbed "brake steer". Ferrari's protestations to the FIA led to the system being banned at the 1998 Brazilian Grand Prix. F1 Racing F1 Racing is a monthly magazine focused on

title: Chain drive

text: very effective, allowing extremely fast gear selections. The Frazer Nash (or GN) transmission system provided the basis for many "special" racing cars of the 1920s and 1930s, the most famous being Basil Davenport's Spider which held the outright record at the Shelsley Walsh Speed Hill Climb in the 1920s. The last popular chain drive automobile was the Honda S600 of the 1960s. Internal combustion engines often use a timing chain to drive the camshaft(s). This is an area in which chain drives frequently compete directly with timing belt drive systems, particularly when the engine has one or more overhead camshafts,

title: Circuit Paul Ricard

text: circuit in 1983, 1988, 1989 and 1990. The circuit hosted the Formula One French Grand Prix on many occasions, the first of which was the 1971 French Grand Prix. The circuit was also extensively used for testing, especially in Formula One. In 1986, Brabham Formula One driver Elio de Angelis was killed in a testing accident at the fast first turn after the rear wing of his Brabham BT55 had broken off. Although the circuit was not the cause of the crash, it was modified in order to make it safer. The length of the Mistral Straight was reduced from

title: Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya

text: shorter Europcar turn and RACC chicane. The F1 layout was implemented originally in 2016 following the fatal accident of Luis Salom in Europcar on 3 June 2016 race control switched to the F1 circuit for qualifying and the race on 5 June 2016. On 15 December 2016, the FIM announced the change was permanent by announcing plans for a chicane ahead of the current car chicane. However, during the 2017 race, the new chicane was deemed dangerous by riders because of a surface change, and the car chicane was used during that event. After changes to the track in the

title: 2013 Brazilian Grand Prix

text: season for the first time since 1980. This was the final race also for Paul di Resta, until the Scotsman returned to replace Felipe Massa at the 2017 Hungarian Grand Prix. Like the previous Brazilian Grand Prix, tyre supplier Pirelli provided its orange-banded hard compound tyre as the harder "prime" tyre and the white-banded medium compound tyre as the softer "option" tyre. The teams will also be testing the company's new tyres for 2014 in the Friday Free Practice sessions. All qualifying sessions were held in wet conditions. Intermediate tyres were mainly used for Q1 and Q2. Q3 was delayed

title: 2012 Singapore Grand Prix

text: two weeks earlier because of a one-race ban he received for causing a serious collision in Belgium, Romain Grosjean was back in the driving seat again with Lotus F1 for the race in Singapore. Like the 2011 Singapore Grand Prix, tyre supplier Pirelli brought its yellow-banded soft compound tyre as the harder "prime" tyre and the red-banded supersoft compound tyre as the softer "option" tyre. At Singapore's Marina Bay circuit, Ma Qinghua once again drove Narain Karthikeyan's car in the first free practice session, as he had during free practice at the Italian Grand Prix in Monza, The first practice

title: Charley Barden

text: which prompted tales of doping and fixing of races – was called a Chain Match because it pitted riders using the new Simpson Lever Chains against riders using the standard roller chains. Riders who used Simpson chains were contracted to compete against those using the older design, to prove which was superior. While most accounts say the race was held in Catford, others say it was Germany. Barden and Michael were pitched in a five-mile race in front of a crowd of about 15,000. Right before the race, Michael took a drink provided to him by his coach and manager,

title: HANS device

text: in the wake of a basal skull fracture crash fatality in an ARCA race at Lowe's in October 2001 which claimed the life of Blaise Alexander. The World Rally Championship and Australian V8 Supercar Series made the device compulsory for drivers in the 2005 season. Acceptance by drivers was helped by the addition of quick-release shackles developed and implemented by Ashley Tilling. They were sourced from the marine industry, being used on racing sailboat rigging. The shackles allowed the drivers a simple and quick pull to release the HANS device and exit their vehicle. The first driver to utilize them

title: The Delta Force

text: America gave the bike to Golan-Globus production in Israel prior to filming. Alan Silvestri's electronic score gained a new life when ABC Sports used it to intro their Indianapolis 500 broadcasts from 1988–1998 and again in 2001. It was also used for the intro of the Brickyard 400 until ABC lost the race rights to NBC Sports in 2001. According to famous Indianapolis 500 anchor Paul Page, he does not want any ESPN/ABC anchor to use this music in intros for the Indianapolis 500 and Brickyard 400 unless he narrates the intros himself. It is now used on the XM

title: The Chain

long_answer: The BBC's Formula One coverage used the ending bass line as a theme tune from 1978 until the BBC's loss of TV rights to ITV Sport in 1997, thus making the song highly recognisable in the United Kingdom. On 29 March 2009 the song re-entered the UK Chart at #94 through downloads, following confirmation from the BBC that it would be reintroduced, the BBC having regained broadcasting rights from ITV. On 20 March 2011, "The Chain" peaked higher at #81 in the UK chart following a campaign on Facebook to try to get the song to number 1 for the start of the 2011 Formula One season. By November 2014, the song had been certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry based on download sales alone, making it one of Fleetwood Mac's most successful songs in the UK.