question: all the gases in the earth's atmosphere

answers: Water vapor

answers: small amounts of other gases

answers: nitrogen

answers: oxygen

answers: Methane

answers: Helium

answers: Oxygen

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: Nitrogen

answers: Neon

answers: Argon

answers: argon

answers: carbon dioxide

title: Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere

text: consequently is a greenhouse gas that plays a vital role in regulating Earth's surface temperature through the greenhouse effect. Concentrations of in the atmosphere were as high as 4,000 parts per million (ppm) during the Cambrian period about 500 million years ago to as low as 180 ppm during the Quaternary glaciation of the last two million years. Estimates based on reconstructed temperature records suggests that the amount of during the last 420 million years ago was with ~2000 ppm highest during the Devonian (∼400 Myrs ago) and Triassic (220–200 Myrs ago), with a few maximum estimates ranging up to

title: Atmosphere of Earth

text: vapor, on average around 1% at sea level, and 0.4% over the entire atmosphere. Air content and atmospheric pressure vary at different layers, and air suitable for use in photosynthesis by terrestrial plants and breathing of terrestrial animals is found only in Earth's troposphere and in artificial atmospheres. The atmosphere has a mass of about 5.15 kg, three quarters of which is within about of the surface. The atmosphere becomes thinner and thinner with increasing altitude, with no definite boundary between the atmosphere and outer space. The Kármán line, at , or 1.57% of Earth's radius, is often used as

title: Greenhouse gas

text: biodiversity and human livelihoods. At current emission rates temperatures could increase by 2 °C, which the United Nations' IPCC designated as the upper limit to avoid "dangerous" levels, by 2036. Greenhouse gases are those that absorb and emit infrared radiation in the wavelength range emitted by Earth. In order, the most abundant greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are: Atmospheric concentrations are determined by the balance between sources (emissions of the gas from human activities and natural systems) and sinks (the removal of the gas from the atmosphere by conversion to a different chemical compound or absorption by bodies of water).

title: Carbon monoxide

text: monoxide (CO) is present in small amounts (about 80 ppb) in the Earth's atmosphere. About half of the carbon monoxide in Earth's atmosphere is from the burning of fossil fuels and biomass (such as forest and bushfires). Most of the rest of carbon monoxide comes from chemical reactions with organic compounds emitted by human activities and plants. Small amounts are also emitted from the ocean, and from geological activity because carbon monoxide occurs dissolved in molten volcanic rock at high pressures in the Earth's mantle. Because natural sources of carbon monoxide are so variable from year to year, it is

title: Atmospheric escape

text: brighter than it is now, making it hot enough for Earth to lose enough hydrogen to space to cause it to lose all of its water (See Future of Earth#Loss of oceans). Atmospheric escape Atmospheric escape is the loss of planetary atmospheric gases to outer space. A number of different mechanisms can be responsible for atmospheric escape, operating at different time scales; the most prominent is Jeans Escape, named after British astronomer Sir James Jeans, who described the process of atmospheric loss to the molecular kinetic energy. The relative importance of each loss process is a function of the planet's

title: Paul J. Crutzen

text: stable, long-lived gas produced by soil bacteria, from the Earth's surface could affect the amount of nitric oxide (NO) in the stratosphere. Crutzen showed that nitrous oxide lives long enough to reach the stratosphere, where it is converted into NO. Crutzen then noted that increasing use of fertilizers might have led to an increase in nitrous oxide emissions over the natural background, which would in turn result in an increase in the amount of NO in the stratosphere. Thus human activity could affect the stratospheric ozone layer. In the following year, Crutzen and (independently) Harold Johnston suggested that NO emissions

title: Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere

text: ppm on 10 May 2013 although this concentration had already been reached in the Arctic in June 2012. It currently constitutes about 0.041% by volume of the atmosphere, (equal to 410 ppm) which corresponds to approximately 3200 billion metric tons of , containing approximately 870 billion metric tons of carbon. Each part per million by volume of in the atmosphere thus represents approximately 2.13 billion metric tons of carbon. The global mean concentration is currently rising at a rate of approximately 2 ppm/year and accelerating. There is an annual fluctuation of about 3–9 ppm which is negatively correlated with the

title: Atmosphere

text: other planets. For a meteorologist, the composition of the Earth's atmosphere is a factor affecting the climate and its variations. For a biologist or paleontologist, the Earth's atmospheric composition is closely dependent on the appearance of the life and its evolution. Atmosphere An atmosphere (from Modern Greek ἀτμός "(atmos)", meaning 'vapour', and σφαῖρα "(sphaira)", meaning 'sphere') is a layer or a set of layers of gases surrounding a planet or other material body, that is held in place by the gravity of that body. An atmosphere is more likely to be retained if the gravity it is subject to is

title: Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere

text: ∼3,700±1,600 ppm (215 Myrs ago). Global annual mean concentration has increased by more than 45% since the start of the Industrial Revolution, from 280 ppm during the 10,000 years up to the mid-18th century to 410 ppm as of mid-2018. The present concentration is the highest in the last 800,000 and possibly even the last 20 million years. The increase has been caused by human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. This increase of and other long-lived greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere has produced the current episode of global warming. About 30–40% of the released by humans

title: Helium-3

text: accounts for 5.2 parts per million of the total pressure (101325 Pa) in the Earth's atmosphere, and He thus accounts for 7.2 parts per trillion of the atmosphere. Since the atmosphere of the Earth has a mass of about 5.14 tonnes, the mass of He in the Earth's atmosphere is the product of these numbers, or about 37,000 tonnes of He. He is produced on Earth from three sources: lithium spallation, cosmic rays, and beta decay of tritium (H). The contribution from cosmic rays is negligible within all except the oldest regolith materials, and lithium spallation reactions are a lesser

title: Atmospheric chemistry

text: Atmospheric chemistry Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is studied. It is a multidisciplinary approach of research and draws on environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology and volcanology and other disciplines. Research is increasingly connected with other arenas of study such as climatology. The composition and chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere is of importance for several reasons, but primarily because of the interactions between the atmosphere and living organisms. The composition of the Earth's atmosphere changes as result of natural processes such as

title: Atmospheric chemistry

text: evolution can be automatically constructed. Atmospheric chemistry Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is studied. It is a multidisciplinary approach of research and draws on environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology and volcanology and other disciplines. Research is increasingly connected with other arenas of study such as climatology. The composition and chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere is of importance for several reasons, but primarily because of the interactions between the atmosphere and living organisms. The composition of the Earth's atmosphere changes as result

title: Atmospheric escape

text: HO in oceans, greatly decreasing the atmospheric density. With liquid water running over the surface of Earth, CO can be drawn down from the atmosphere and sequestered in sedimentary rocks. Some estimates indicate that nearly all carbon on Earth is contained in sedimentary rocks, with the atmospheric portion being approximately 1/250,000 of Earth's CO reservoir. If both of the reservoirs were released to the atmosphere, Earth's atmosphere would be even denser than Venus's atmosphere. Therefore, the dominant “loss” mechanism of Earth's atmosphere is not escape to space, but sequestration. However, in 1 billion years' time, the Sun will be 10%

title: Ozone depletion

text: in the stratosphere, and so were regarded as part of the natural balance—it was estimated that in their absence, the ozone layer would be about twice as thick as it currently is. In 1970 Paul Crutzen pointed out that emissions of nitrous oxide (), a stable, long-lived gas produced by soil bacteria, from the Earth's surface could affect the amount of nitric oxide (NO) in the stratosphere. Crutzen showed that nitrous oxide lives long enough to reach the stratosphere, where it is converted into NO. Crutzen then noted that increasing use of fertilizers might have led to an increase in

title: Atmosphere of Earth

text: By volume, dry air contains 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases.  Air also contains a variable amount of water vapor, on average around 1% at sea level, and 0.4% over the entire atmosphere. Air content and atmospheric pressure vary at different layers, and air suitable for use in photosynthesis by terrestrial plants and breathing of terrestrial animals is found only in Earth's troposphere and in artificial atmospheres.

title: Atmosphere of Earth

text: and organic composition, pollen and spores, sea spray, and volcanic ash. Various industrial pollutants also may be present as gases or aerosols, such as chlorine (elemental or in compounds), fluorine compounds and elemental mercury vapor. Sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide (SO) may be derived from natural sources or from industrial air pollution. The relative concentration of gases remains constant until about . In general, air pressure and density decrease with altitude in the atmosphere. However, temperature has a more complicated profile with altitude, and may remain relatively constant or even increase with altitude in some regions

title: Carbon cycle

text: is one of the most important determinants of the amount of carbon in the atmosphere, and thus of global temperatures. Most of the earth's carbon is stored inertly in the earth's lithosphere. Much of the carbon stored in the earth's mantle was stored there when the earth formed. Some of it was deposited in the form of organic carbon from the biosphere. Of the carbon stored in the geosphere, about 80% is limestone and its derivatives, which form from the sedimentation of calcium carbonate stored in the shells of marine organisms. The remaining 20% is stored as kerogens formed through

title: Greenhouse gas

text: the atmosphere within a century, some fraction (about 20%) of emitted remains in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. Earth absorbs some of the radiant energy received from the sun, reflects some of it as light and reflects or radiates the rest back to space as heat. Earth's surface temperature depends on this balance between incoming and outgoing energy. If this energy balance is shifted, Earth's surface becomes warmer or cooler, leading to a variety of changes in global climate. A number of natural and man-made mechanisms can affect the global energy balance and force changes in Earth's climate.

title: Greenhouse effect

text: transparent (because the main constituents—, , and Ar—are not able to directly absorb or emit infrared radiation), intermolecular collisions cause the energy absorbed and emitted by the greenhouse gases to be shared with the other, non-IR-active, gases. By their percentage contribution to the greenhouse effect on Earth the four major gases are: It is not possible to assign a specific percentage to each gas because the absorption and emission bands of the gases overlap (hence the ranges given above). Clouds also absorb and emit infrared radiation and thus affect the radiative properties of the atmosphere. Strengthening of the greenhouse effect

title: Atmospheric sciences

text: physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology and volcanology and other disciplines. Research is increasingly connected with other areas of study such as climatology. The composition and chemistry of the atmosphere is of importance for several reasons, but primarily because of the interactions between the atmosphere and living organisms. The composition of the Earth's atmosphere has been changed by human activity and some of these changes are harmful to human health, crops and ecosystems. Examples of problems which have been addressed by atmospheric chemistry include acid rain, photochemical smog and global warming. Atmospheric chemistry seeks to understand the causes of these

title: Greenhouse effect

text: space by the atmosphere and clouds, and 19% is absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds. Most of the remaining energy is absorbed at the surface of Earth. Because the Earth's surface is colder than the Sun, it radiates at wavelengths that are much longer than the wavelengths that were absorbed. Most of this thermal radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere and warms it. The atmosphere also gains heat by sensible and latent heat fluxes from the surface. The atmosphere radiates energy both upwards and downwards; the part radiated downwards is absorbed by the surface of Earth. This leads to a

title: Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere

text: 1) Various national statistics accounting for fossil fuel consumption, combined with knowledge of how much atmospheric is produced per unit of fossil fuel (e.g. liter of gasoline). 2) By examining the ratio of various carbon isotopes in the atmosphere. The burning of long-buried fossil fuels releases containing carbon of different isotopic ratios to those of living plants, enabling distinction between natural and human-caused contributions to concentration. 3) Higher atmospheric concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere, where most of the world's population lives (and emissions originate from), compared to the southern hemisphere. This difference has increased as anthropogenic emissions have increased. 4)

title: Greenhouse gas

text: Greenhouse gases are one such mechanism. Greenhouse gases absorb and emit some of the outgoing energy radiated from Earth's surface, causing that heat to be retained in the lower atmosphere. As explained above, some greenhouse gases remain in the atmosphere for decades or even centuries, and therefore can affect Earth's energy balance over a long period. Radiative forcing quantifies the effect of factors that influence Earth's energy balance, including changes in the concentrations of greenhouse gases. Positive radiative forcing leads to warming by increasing the net incoming energy, whereas negative radiative forcing leads to cooling. The global warming potential (GWP)

title: Reference atmospheric model

text: about 8 km, which coincidentally is approximate height of Mt. Everest. For an isothermal atmosphere, formula_5 or about 63% of the total mass of the atmosphere exists between the planet's surface and one scale height. (The total air mass below a certain altitude is calculated by integrating over the density function.) For the ocean example there was a sharp transition in density at the top or "surface" of the ocean. However, for atmospheres made of gas there is no equivalent sharp transition or edge. Gas atmospheres simply get less and less dense until they're so thin that they're space. The

title: Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act

text: in the climate system. Once emitted into the atmosphere, GHGs influence the Earth's energy balance for a period of decades to centuries. Consistent with their long-lasting impacts, the IPCC found that even if the concentrations of all GHGs had been kept constant at year 2000 levels, a further warming of approximately 0.1C per decade would be expected. The fact that GHGs are long-lived in the atmosphere also means that they become well mixed across the globe – hence the global nature of the problem. After considering the scientific evidence before her, Administrator Jackson found that greenhouse gases could be reasonably

title: Thermosphere

text: of the Earth's atmosphere decreases nearly exponentially with altitude. The total mass of the atmosphere is M = ρ H ≃ 1 kg/cm within a column of one square centimeter above the ground (with ρ = 1.29 kg/m the atmospheric density on the ground at z = 0 m altitude, and H ≃ 8 km the average atmospheric scale height). 80% of that mass is concentrated within the troposphere. The mass of the thermosphere above about 85 km is only 0.002% of the total mass. Therefore, no significant energetic feedback from the thermosphere to the lower atmospheric regions can be

title: Atmospheric pressure

text: weight of about 65.4N or 14.7lb, resulting in a pressure of 10.1N/cm or 14.7lb/in. Atmospheric pressure is caused by the gravitational attraction of the planet on the atmospheric gases above the surface, and is a function of the mass of the planet, the radius of the surface, and the amount and composition of the gases and their vertical distribution in the atmosphere. It is modified by the planetary rotation and local effects such as wind velocity, density variations due to temperature and variations in composition. The "mean sea-level pressure" (MSLP) is the average atmospheric pressure at mean sea level. This

title: Eunice Newton Foote

text: from one cylinder and condensed it in the other. Allowing both cylinders to reach the same temperature, she placed the cylinders in the sunlight to measure temperature variance once heated and under different moisture conditions. She performed this experiment on CO2, common air, and hydrogen. Looking to the history of the Earth, Foote theorized that "an atmosphere of that gas would give to our earth a high temperature ... at one period of its history the air had mixed with it a larger proportion than at present, an increased temperature from its own action as well as from increased weight

title: Earth's energy budget

text: fraction, 5 to 6 percent, is absorbed by the atmosphere by greenhouse gas molecules. When greenhouse gas molecules absorb thermal infrared energy, their temperature rises. Those gases then radiate an increased amount of thermal infrared energy in all directions. Heat radiated upward continues to encounter greenhouse gas molecules; those molecules also absorb the heat, and their temperature rises and the amount of heat they radiate increases. The atmosphere thins with altitude, and at roughly 5–6 kilometres, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the overlying atmosphere is so thin that heat can escape to space. Because greenhouse gas molecules radiate infrared

title: Atmosphere

text: may have outer atmospheres with compound molecules. Atmospheric pressure at a particular location is the force per unit area perpendicular to a surface determined by the weight of the vertical column of atmosphere above that location. On Earth, units of air pressure are based on the internationally recognized standard atmosphere (atm), which is defined as 101.325 kPa (760 Torr or 14.696 psi). It is measured with a barometer. Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude due to the diminishing mass of gas above. The height at which the pressure from an atmosphere declines by a factor of "e" (an irrational number

title: Atmosphere of Earth

short_answers:
argon
carbon dioxide
nitrogen
oxygen
small amounts of other gases


question: where does the last name galvez come from

answers: Spanish surname

answers: Spanish

title: Galvez, Louisiana

text: mark the spot. From 2008 through 2010, preliminary archaeological work was undertaken on the site of Galveztown. In the summer of 2011, a field school offered by LSU was conducted. The modern location of Galvez is to the west of the original settlement, several miles closer to Baton Rouge. Galvez is located at at an elevation of 16 feet (4.88 m). Galvez, Louisiana Galvez is an unincorporated community in Ascension Parish, Louisiana, United States, ten miles (16 km) southeast of Baton Rouge. It is surrounded by the larger unincorporated community of Prairieville, with which it shares the 70769 ZIP code.

title: Gálvez, Santa Fe

text: Gálvez, Santa Fe Gálvez is a city in the center of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, south of the provincial capital Santa Fe. It has 18,374 inhabitants per the . The original settlement was an agricultural colony called "Colonia Margarita", in lands belonging to José Gálvez, then governor of the province, who rented it for farming, mainly to Italian immigrants from Piamonte and Lombardia. The official foundation date, 15 October 1886, is that of the opening of the train station, as is usual in many other towns founded in this period in Santa Fe. The communal institutions were formally

title: Rosa Galvez

text: Rosa Galvez Rosa Galvez (born June 21, 1961) is a Canadian Senator from Quebec. At the time of her appointment, she was a professor at Laval University and head of the university's Department of Civil Engineering and Water Engineering. Her appointment to the Senate was announced on November 2, 2016. Rosa Galvez was born in Peru. She first became interested in science when she chose to do a school assignment on pollution in Mexico City at age 10 or 12. She enjoyed researching a topic that was not talked about at the time. Her interest led her to go beyond

title: Gálvez, Santa Fe

text: created on 12 January 1887, and the town became a full municipality on 19 March 1939. The name of governor Gálvez replaced the original one by a decree of 6 June 1889. The area of Gálvez has a good precipitation regime and produces diverse crops (wheat, corn, soybean, sorghum, sunflower). Cattle are mostly employed for its milk (the central region of Santa Fe is the most important milk-producing area in Argentina). Local industries include the manufacturing of electric engines and transformers, machine tools, furniture, and dairy products. Gálvez, Santa Fe Gálvez is a city in the center of the province

title: Villa Gobernador Gálvez

text: Villa Gobernador Gálvez Villa Gobernador Gálvez is a city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located on the western ravine of the Paraná River, within the metropolitan area of Greater Rosario. It has 74,509 inhabitants per the . It is separated from Rosario, to the north, by the Saladillo Stream. It is the fourth most populated city in the province and the second in the metropolitan area. The city was founded by an Italian immigrant, engineer Enrico Mosconi, on 25 February 1888 (he was the father of military engineer General Enrique Mosconi, first director of the YPF state oil

title: Byron Galvez

text: work include membership in the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana, a retrospective at the Palacio de Bellas Artes and two books published about his life. Gálvez was born in Mixquiahuala, Hidalgo and described his childhood as happy, and would not have changed it. His father, Roberto Gálvez, was a farmer and merchant, who was a music and literature enthusiast, a rarity is 1930s rural Mexico. His father played the violin in the town's jazz band, which had almost all classical instruments, making it similar to bands in New Orleans. They even composed new pieces. The artist was named after Lord

title: Rosa Galvez

text: library research when she reached out to her town's municipality to learn about local waste management. Galvez earned her Bachelor of Civil Engineering at the National University of Engineering in 1985. After immigrating to Canada, she earned both her Master of Science (M.Sc.), Environmental Engineering Technology in 1989 and then her Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Geoenvironmental Engineering in 1994 from McGill University. In 1994, Galvez joined the Department of Civil and Water Engineering at Laval University and became head of the department in 2010. Her academic research has focused on the area of pollution. Her research achievements include advising

title: Byron Galvez

text: Byron, and his brothers, Eliot, Aníbal and Dante, after his father’s reading preferences. This meant that Gálvez grew up in an environment that encouraged the enjoyment of the arts. However, instead of music or literature, Gálvez stated that his earliest memories related to his attraction to art and that he always wanted to be a painter. The difficulties of farm life convinced him that he needed an education and would have to move to Mexico City in order to go to school. At age sixteen he left home for the capital to study painting at the Escuela Nacional de Artes

title: Mariano Gálvez

text: Mariano Gálvez José Felipe Mariano Gálvez (ca. 1794 – March 29, 1862 in Mexico) was a jurist and Liberal politician in Guatemala. For two consecutive terms from August 28, 1831 to March 3, 1838 he was chief of state of the State of Guatemala, within the Federal Republic of Central America. Born in the 1790s (some historians give the date August 29, 1790, others May 26, 1794), Gálvez was a foundling left in a basket at the house of Fray Toribio Carvajal. Carvajal gave the child in adoption to the family of Gertrudis Gálvez, one of the wealthiest families of

title: Hotel Galvez

text: Hotel Galvez The Hotel Galvez is a historic hotel located in Galveston, Texas, United States that opened in 1911. The building was named the Galvez, honoring Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez, for whom the city was named. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 4, 1979. Hotel Galvez & Spa, A Wyndham Worldwide grand Hotel is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Galveston civic leaders planned on building the "Galvez Hotel" in 1898 after a fire destroyed another large hotel

title: Juan Gálvez

text: Juan Gálvez Juan Gálvez (Buenos Aires, 14 February 1916 – 3 March 1963 in Olavarría) was an Argentine racing driver, and the brother of driver Óscar Alfredo Gálvez. They started racing together in Turismo Carretera but then took separate ways and competed in different cars. He made his debut in the Avellaneda Automobile Club 1000-Mile race on 14 February 1941 and finished second to Juan Manuel Fangio. His first win came on 22 February 1949 at the I Vuelta de Santa Fe. He won the Turismo Carretera championship nine times, in 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958 and

title: Villa Gobernador Gálvez

text: company). Dr. José Gálvez, governor of Santa Fe since 1886, hired Mosconi to trace the railway system that would link this province to Mendoza. For this purpose Mosconi acquired land, and upon authorization by the governor, set up a village, populated mostly by other immigrants from Italy and Spain. The town was declared a city by Governor Carlos Sylvestre Begnis on 12 April 1962. At the time it had about 18,000 inhabitants. What today is called "Villa Gobernador Gálvez" is in fact an aggregate of three towns: V. G. Gálvez proper, Villa Diego and Pueblo Nuevo. The history of the

title: Byron Galvez

text: Byron Galvez Byron Gálvez (October 28, 1941 – October 27, 2009) was a Mexican artist who was primarily known for his painting but also created sculpture, including monumental works. He was born in rural Hidalgo state, to a father who played jazz music and read literature, a rarity in 1930s rural Mexico. However, it exposed Gálvez to culture, even though this led to an interest in visual art rather than musing or writing. He went to Mexico City to study art at both the undergraduate and graduate level, but never completed his degrees, opting instead to begin career after his

title: Balvino Gálvez

text: Balvino Gálvez Balvino Gálvez Jerez (born March 31, 1964 in San Pedro de Macorís, Dominican Republic) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher in the 1980s to the early 2000s. Galvez who pitched part of one season for the Los Angeles Dodgers and numerous minor league affiliates then traveled to East Asia for five seasons for the Yomiuri Giants in the Nippon Professional Baseball League of Japanese baseball. He also played briefly for teams in South Korea and on Taiwan island with the Republic of China. Gálvez was signed by the Los Angeles Dodgers of the National League in ,

title: Galvez

text: Galvez is a Spanish surname.

title: Manuel Gálvez

text: juventud" (1944) and "El novelista y las novelas" (1959) as well as biographies of such historic figures as Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, Hipólito Yrigoyen and Gabriel García Moreno. He was married to the writer, Delfina Bunge. He died in 1962 in Buenos Aires. Manuel Gálvez Manuel Gálvez (18 July 1882 – 14 November 1962) was an Argentine novelist, poet, essayist, historian and biographer. Gálvez, a member of one of the leading patrician families of Entre Ríos Province, was educated by the Jesuits before attending the University of Buenos Aires, graduating in 1904 with a law degree. He was employed as a

title: Balvino Gálvez

text: and made his Major League (MLB) debut in with the Dodgers. He played in 10 major league games that year, but was demoted to the minors at the start of the 1987 season and never appeared in another MLB game. Over the next several years, Galvez also suited up for minor league affiliates teams of the Detroit Tigers, Minnesota Twins, New York Yankees of the American League, along with National League teams Montreal Expos and the Chicago Cubs in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1994, Galvez signed with the Brother Elephants of the national capital of Taipei in the

title: Byron Galvez

text: versa. Byron Galvez Byron Gálvez (October 28, 1941 – October 27, 2009) was a Mexican artist who was primarily known for his painting but also created sculpture, including monumental works. He was born in rural Hidalgo state, to a father who played jazz music and read literature, a rarity in 1930s rural Mexico. However, it exposed Gálvez to culture, even though this led to an interest in visual art rather than musing or writing. He went to Mexico City to study art at both the undergraduate and graduate level, but never completed his degrees, opting instead to begin career after

title: Latinos (newspaper series)

text: in his barrio. At the University of Arizona, Galvez majored in journalism. Galvez became a staff photographer at the "Arizona Daily Star" after graduation. Galvez was the first Mexican American photographer hired by the "Los Angeles Times" and worked there from 1980–1992. Galvez used his personal experience at photographing Mexican Americans in Tucson to illustrate the "Los Angeles Times"' Pulitzer Prize–winning series. He left the "LA Times" to do solo photography work. Galvez's recording of Latino life in the United States in monochrome photography has illustrated several of his books, including "Vatos" () and "Shine Boy" (), a memoir about

title: Hotel Galvez

text: purchased in April 1995 by Galveston native and real estate developer George P. Mitchell. Mitchell restored the hotel to its historic 1911 look. While owned by Mitchell Historic Properties, a 1996 management agreement gave day-to-day operational control to Wyndham Hotels & Resorts under the name "Hotel Galvez". The hotel has 226 rooms and suites. During Hurricane Ike in 2008, the hotel lost clay tiles from its roof and was flooded on its lower level, where the spa, health club, business offices, and laundry were located. The hotel was built in 1911, eleven years after the devastating hurricane that killed some

title: Balvino Gálvez

text: Chinese Professional Baseball League on the island nation of Taiwan (with the Nationalist government of the Republic of China since 1949 after the Chinese Civil War). In two full seasons with the Elephants, he had a 26–16 record with an ERA of 2.53 and 203 strikeouts in 370 innings pitched. He traveled to the Empire of Japan in where baseball had a fevered fan base of followers since the early 20th century shared with the Americans who introduced the sport. Galvez was signed during spring training by the Yomiuri Giants, the most famous Japanese baseball team in the Nippon Professional

title: Hotel Galvez

text: 6,000 Galveston Island residents and leveled most of the buildings on the island. The hotel occupies the site where the Beach Hotel, Electric Pavilion, and Pagoda Bathhouse once stood. The Galvez was referred to as "The Playground of the Southwest" mostly for wealthy socialites, businessmen, and celebrities. American Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt, Dwight D. Eisenhower, and Lyndon B. Johnson stayed at the Galvez, as did General Douglas MacArthur. Other notable names include Jimmy Stewart, Frank Sinatra, and Howard Hughes. Many of the 6th and 7th floor Junior and Senior suites are named for these famous and infamous personalities. Hotel Galvez

title: Galisteo, New Mexico

text: of 2000, there were 265 people, 119 households, and 71 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 101.4 people per square mile (39.2/km²). There were 136 housing units at an average density of 52.0 per square mile (20.1/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 80.38% White, 0.38% Native American, 18.87% from other races, and 0.38% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 35.47% of the population. There were 119 households out of which 19.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.6% were married couples living together, 6.7% had

title: José de Gálvez

text: was not cut out for a priestly vocation, the local bishop sent him to study law at Salamanca. He received his law degree at the University of Alcalá. Practicing law in Madrid, he handled many legal cases involving the Indies. He gained the attention of powerful people in Madrid, including the marqués de Equilache and the marqués de Grimaldi, ministers of Charles III. Gálvez married María Magdalena de Grimaldo, who died a year later. He then married Lucía Romet y Pichelín, an elite woman of French origin, well connected at the royal court. Lucía's connections enabled Gálvez to work as

title: Bernardo de Gálvez, 1st Viscount of Galveston

text: used frequently as a site for municipal events. Also, the 13-story Galvez Building is part of the state government's administrative office-building complex in the Capitol Park section of downtown Baton Rouge. In 1911 in Galveston, the Hotel Galvez was built and named after him; Avenue P, where the hotel is located, is known as Bernardo de Galvez Avenue. The hotel was added to the National Register of Historic Places on 4 April 1979. On December 16, 2014, the United States Congress conferred honorary citizenship on Gálvez, citing him as a "hero of the Revolutionary War who risked his life for

title: Balvino Gálvez

text: Samsung Lions (Korea Baseball Organization) in Samsung, South Korea in , and picked up a win in his first start. However, it was discovered that he had traveled to Korea without a working visa, and he was sued by the opposing team (Hanwha Eagles). However, after the visa situation was resolved, Galvez was a standout pitcher for the Samsung team, compiling a 10-4 record. Before going to Korea to play with Samsung in 2001, Galvez had signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates of the National League back in the U.S.A. and pitched well enough in spring training to be in contention

title: Hotel Galvez

text: the local economy was restored after the war, particularly during the late 1940s and early 1950s when gambling was popular in Galveston. However, when the illegal gambling industry was shut down in the mid 1950s by the Texas Rangers, the local economy became depressed and the Galvez deteriorated. The hotel received a major refurbishing in 1965. In 1971, the hotel was acquired by Harvey O. McCarthey and Dr. Leon Bromberg. In 1979, another major renovation to the hotel was initiated by Denton Cooley, who purchased the hotel in 1978, and it became a Marriott franchise in 1989. The hotel was

title: Katherine Howe

text: Coast that imagines Texas’s role within the broader Caribbean diaspora. It is tentatively titled The Galvez Grand. It will build on archival research about patterns of trade and settlement on Galveston Island in the 1820s while engaging with the legacy of magical realist fiction in the American Southwest and in Mexico." Howe and her husband, the economic historian Louis Hyman (author of "Debtor Nation"), are core members of a group informally known as the "Springfield Street Table." This batch of Cambridge-area writers and scholars gather to play poker, while trading barbs and debating culture and ideas. The bestselling novelist Matthew

title: Gálveztown (brig sloop)

text: of Avilés in Spain, Daughters of American Revolution, United States Embassy in Spain, Abyssal Pictures, and Fundación Nao Victoria. Additional partners include Málaga Port Authority, Gráficas Urania, St. Augustine Lighthouse & Museum, St. Augustine Historical Society, Galveston Chapter of Granaderos y Damas de Gálvez, University of West Florida, City of Galveston, and Beck Disaster Recovery. The replica was designed to be 68 feet on deck, although the original brig was 53 feet on deck. A reconstruction of two 14' British yawls (ship's boat) based on a 1760 Royal Navy design are built in St. Augustine to be exchanged for identical

title: Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo

text: since 1742. Valdés was not allowed to publish news not originating from the government. He took a census of coaches in Mexico City. (There were 637.) He established mutual aid societies for the indigenous population. He ordered the collection and preservation of more papers relevant to the history of New Spain. He intended these as reference material for a projected "Historia General de las Indias", which he had been working on in Madrid and Seville. Matías de Gálvez died November 3, 1784, in Mexico City. Shortly before, on October 20, 1784, he turned government functions over to the Audiencia. There

title: Galvez

long_answer: Galvez is a Spanish surname.

chunked_long_answer: Galvez is a Spanish surname.

short_answers:
Spanish
Spanish surname


question: on which river did the exploration of the louisiana purchase begin

answers: Missouri River

answers: the Missouri River

title: Red River Expedition (1806)

text: Oklahoma where it meets Texas, and is now known to originate in the Texas Panhandle. After acquiring the lands of the Louisiana Purchase in 1804, Jefferson commissioned military groups to explore the unfamiliar territory and to collect scientific data about flora and fauna, topography, and ethnography of the many Native American peoples. By sending a group of explorers up the Red River, Jefferson wanted to verify reports that the river could provide a water route to Santa Fe in New Mexico (then part of New Spain). Other goals were to build trade and political relationships with the various tribes of

title: French colonization of the Americas

text: 17, 1673, explorers Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette began exploring the Mississippi River, known to the Sioux as "does Tongo," or to the Miami-Illinois as " missisipioui" ("the great river"). They reached the mouth of the Arkansas and then up the river, after learning that it flowed into the Gulf of Mexico and not to the California Sea (Pacific Ocean). In 1682, the Normand Cavelier de la Salle and the Italian Henri de Tonti came down the Mississippi to its Delta. They left from Fort Crevecoeur on the Illinois River, along with 23 French and 18 Native Americans. In April

title: Louisiana Purchase Historic State Park

text: Mississippi River, doubling its size. President Thomas Jefferson commissioned the Lewis and Clark Expedition, which traveled west along the Missouri and associated rivers, eventually reaching the Pacific Coast, from 1804 to 1806. President James Monroe ordered a survey of the territory in 1815, in order to permit the orderly award of land in the territory to military veterans of the War of 1812. Prospect K. Robbins and Joseph C. Brown were commissioned to identify a starting point for the survey work in what is now eastern Arkansas. The team led by Robbins traveled north from the mouth of the Arkansas

title: History of Louisiana

text: groups are known to have inhabited the state's territory when the Europeans began colonization: Many current place names in the state, including Atchafalaya, Natchitouches (now spelled Natchitoches), Caddo, Houma, Tangipahoa, and Avoyel (as Avoyelles), are transliterations of those used in various Native American languages. The first European explorers to visit Louisiana came in 1528 when a Spanish expedition led by Panfilo de Narváez located the mouth of the Mississippi River. In 1542, Hernando de Soto's expedition skirted to the north and west of the state (encountering Caddo and Tunica groups) and then followed the Mississippi River down to the Gulf

title: Louisiana

text: Parish and Gahagan Mounds Site in Red River Parish. Many current place names in Louisiana, including Atchafalaya, Natchitouches (now spelled Natchitoches), Caddo, Houma, Tangipahoa, and Avoyel (as Avoyelles), are transliterations of those used in various Native American languages. The first European explorers to visit Louisiana came in 1528 when a Spanish expedition led by Pánfilo de Narváez located the mouth of the Mississippi River. In 1542, Hernando de Soto's expedition skirted to the north and west of the state (encountering Caddo and Tunica groups) and then followed the Mississippi River down to the Gulf of Mexico in 1543. Spanish interest

title: Red River of the South

text: parts of the new lands of the Louisiana Purchase by traveling up the Red River. He said it was "in truth, next to the Missouri, the most interesting water of the Mississippi", in a letter to William Dunbar. Having threaded the maze of bayous at the river's confluence, and the "Great Raft" of lodged driftwood, the expedition was stopped by the Spanish near what is now New Boston, Texas. In 1806, Lieutenant Zebulon Pike, under orders to ascertain the source of the Red River, ascended the Arkansas River, made his way downstream on what turned out to be the Rio

title: Louisiana (New France)

text: River, and "Lower Louisiana" (French: "la Basse-Louisiane"). The U.S. state of Louisiana is named for the historical region, although it is only a small part of the vast lands claimed by France. French exploration of the area began during the reign of Louis XIV, but French Louisiana was not greatly developed, due to a lack of human and financial resources. As a result of its defeat in the Seven Years' War, France was forced to cede the east part of the territory in 1763 to the victorious British, and the west part to Spain as compensation for Spain losing Florida.

title: Lyons, Illinois

text: area of Louisiana, they realized that the mighty Mississippi River drained into the already well known Gulf of Mexico. With winter approaching, they headed north as quickly as possible. To save time, the Potawatomi Indians who were with them encouraged changing their route to the Illinois River. The short cut led to the Des Plaines River and caused the French travelers to discover “Le Portage.” This half-mile wide area of land connecting the Chicago River and the Des Plaines River, over which they could carry their canoes and supplies, was to become the discovery for which they would both become

title: Sabine River (Texas–Louisiana)

text: province of Texas was established on the east side of the river, near present-day Robeline, Louisiana. After acquiring the French territory west of the Mississippi River in the 1803 Louisiana Purchase, the United States started to exert control in this area. It was at war with Native Americans in Louisiana along the Sabine River from 1836 to 1837, in the period when it was trying to remove the Indians to Indian Territory from the Southeast. The Sabine River was too deep to ford, and proved to be navigable. Early travelers and settlers would have to swim the river on horseback

title: Missouri River

text: linger in the area. In addition, they later learned that the Mississippi drained into the Gulf of Mexico and not the Pacific as they had originally presumed; the expedition turned back about short of the Gulf at the confluence of the Arkansas River with the Mississippi. In 1682, France expanded its territorial claims in North America to include land on the western side of the Mississippi River, which included the lower portion of the Missouri. However, the Missouri itself remained formally unexplored until Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont commanded an expedition in 1714 that reached at least as far

title: Mississippi River

text: as the "Gichi-ziibi". The Cheyenne, one of the earliest inhabitants of the upper Mississippi River, called it the "Máʼxe-éʼometaaʼe" (Big Greasy River) in the Cheyenne language. The Arapaho name for the river is "Beesniicíe". The Pawnee name is "Kickaátit". The Mississippi was spelled during French Louisiana and was also known as the Rivière Saint-Louis. On May 8, 1541, Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto became the first recorded European to reach the Mississippi River, which he called "Río del Espíritu Santo" ("River of the Holy Spirit"), in the area of what is now Mississippi. In Spanish, the river is called "Río

title: Sabine River (Texas–Louisiana)

text: their cosmology. The Caddo culture flourished until the late 13th century. Descendants of the Caddo were living along the river when the first European explorers arrived in the 16th century. The river was named in 1716 by Spanish explorer Domingo Ramón, and appeared as "Río de Sabinas" on a 1721 map. The river was used by French traders, and at various times, the river was claimed by both Spain and France. After the acquisition by Spain of the French territory of Louisiana in 1763, following France's defeat by Great Britain in the Seven Years' War, the capital of the Spanish

title: Arkansas River

text: thousands of years. The first Europeans to see the river were members of the Spanish Coronado expedition on June 29, 1541. Also in the 1540s, Hernando de Soto discovered the junction of the Arkansas with the Mississippi. The Spanish originally called the river "Napeste". "The name "Arkansas" was first applied by Father Jacques Marquette, who called the river "Akansa" in his journal of 1673. The Joliet-Marquette expedition travelled the Mississippi River from Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin towards the Gulf of Mexico, but turned back at the mouth of the Arkansas River. By that time, they had encountered Native Americans carrying

title: Red River Expedition (1806)

text: American Indians, and to locate the Louisiana Purchase’s southwestern and western borders with New Spain. In 1805 and early 1806, the President began to appoint leaders for the expedition. For the scientists, he chose the astronomer/surveyor Thomas Freeman, (who had recently been with Andrew Ellicott on his survey of the southern boundary of the United States) and Peter Custis (the first academically trained naturalist to accompany an expedition, he was still a medical student in Philadelphia. He served as the group’s botanist and ethnographer). Captain Richard Sparks was chosen to lead the military troops. As the departure date of the

title: Lewis and Clark Expedition

text: The Corps of Discovery departed from Camp Dubois at 4 pm on May 14, 1804, and met up with Lewis in St. Charles, Missouri, a short time later, marking the beginning of the voyage to the Pacific coast. The Corps followed the Missouri River westward. Soon, they passed La Charrette, the last Euro-American settlement on the Missouri River.

title: Red River Expedition (1806)

text: country and river; and to assess the land for settlement. The Spanish officials intercepted the expedition 615 miles upriver, in what is now northeastern Texas, and turned it back before the party achieved all of its goals. Third American President Thomas Jefferson ranked the Red River Expedition second in importance only to the Lewis and Clark Expedition to reach the Pacific Ocean through the Northwest. The Red River stretches west from its confluence with the Mississippi River across what is now the state of Louisiana and part of south-western Arkansas. Further west, the river forms the present-day southern border of

title: Midwestern United States

text: Bay, Wisconsin. They entered the Mississippi River on June 17, 1673. Marquette and Jolliet soon realized that the Mississippi could not possibly be the Northwest Passage because it flowed south. Nevertheless, the journey continued. They recorded much of the wildlife they encountered. They turned around at the junction of the Mississippi River and Arkansas River and headed back. Marquette and Jolliet were the first to map the northern portion of the Mississippi River. They confirmed that it was easy to travel from the St. Lawrence River through the Great Lakes all the way to the Gulf of Mexico by water,

title: Louisiana (New France)

text: Superior. Priests founded missions, such as the Mission of Sault Sainte Marie in 1668. On May 17, 1673, Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette began the exploration of the Mississippi River, which they called the "Sioux Tongo" (the large river) or "Michissipi". They reached the mouth of the Arkansas River, and then returned upstream, having learned that the great river ran toward the Gulf of Mexico, not toward the Pacific Ocean as they had presumed. In 1675, Marquette founded a mission in the Native American village of "Kaskaskias" on the Illinois River. A permanent settlement was made by 1690. In 1682,

title: La Salle expeditions

text: Europeans at its southern end possibly as early as the voyages of Christopher Columbus, and its midsection by Hernando De Soto a century earlier. La Salle did not lead another expedition for seven years, but he never forgot the rivers and continued to form plans for more expeditions. The land he discovered was all claimed in the name of Louis XIV and added to New France. The French Crown expanded on his exploration by claiming the entire Mississippi River Watershed|Mississippi River Basin, and New Orleans was later created to control the southern end of the river. In the late 17th

title: Fort Prudhomme

text: a French explorer. In February 1682, he started his 5th expedition. La Salle led a party of 41 on a canoe expedition from what is modern Peoria County, Illinois, located on the banks of the Illinois River, to the mouth of the Mississippi River in order to explore the Mississippi River basin. On their trip downriver, the expedition landed their canoes to hunt, when one of their members went missing. The armorer by the name of Pierre Prudhomme was assumed captured by Chickasaw Indians. La Salle decided to stay and search for the missing participant of the expedition. On top

title: French colonization of Texas

text: prickly pear. The Karankawa killed a small group of the men who had camped on shore, including the captain of the "Belle". From January until March 1686, La Salle and most of his men searched overland for the Mississippi River, traveling towards the Rio Grande, possibly as far west as modern-day Langtry, Texas. The men questioned the local Native American tribes, asking for information on the locations of the Spaniards and the Spanish mines, offering gifts, and telling stories that portrayed the Spanish as cruel and the French as benevolent. When the group returned, they were unable to find the

title: Jean L'Archevêque

text: Sieur de La Salle. Two years previously, La Salle had led the first expedition down the Mississippi River from New France to the Gulf of Mexico, claiming the entire Mississippi River watershed for France as the new territory of Louisiana. La Salle returned to France and proposed establishing a French colony at the mouth of the Mississippi, between Spanish Florida and New Spain. The colony would provide a base for promoting Christianity among the native peoples as well as a convenient location for attacking the Spanish province of Nueva Vizcaya and gaining control of its lucrative silver mines. On July

title: Henry Schoolcraft

text: Superior, west to the Mississippi River, down the river to present-day Iowa, and then returning to Detroit after tracing the shores of Lake Michigan. The expedition was intended to establish the source of the Mississippi River, and in part to settle the question of an undetermined boundary between the United States and British Canada. The expedition traveled as far upstream as Upper Red Cedar Lake in present-day Minnesota. Since low water precluded navigating farther upstream, the lake was designated the river's headwaters, and renamed in honor of Cass. (Schoolcraft noted, however, that locals informed the expedition that it was possible

title: History of St. Louis

text: the middle Mississippi Valley. Extensive European exploration near the confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi rivers began nearly a century before the city was officially founded. Explorer Louis Joliet and Jesuit priest Jacques Marquette traveled south on the Mississippi River in June 1673, passed the future site of St. Louis and reached the mouth of the Arkansas River before turning back. Nine years later, French explorer La Salle led an expedition south from the Illinois River to the mouth of the Mississippi in the Gulf of Mexico, claiming the entire valley for France. La Salle named the Mississippi river basin

title: La Salle expeditions

text: explored the upper Mississippi Valley, including the area where it was joined by the Ohio River.[10] La Salle later participated in an expedition to follow the northern shore of Lake Erie across Lake Huron to Michilimackinac, where Lake Michigan empties into Lake Huron. La Salle named the entire area of the Mississippi watershed Louisiana after king Louis XIV of France. La Salle later followed up the discovery and sailed down the river all the way to the Gulf of Mexico. His trip made him the first European to travel the length of the Mississippi, but it had been visited by

title: New France

text: trade. The major commercial importance of the Louisiana Purchase territory was the Mississippi River. New Orleans, the largest and most important city in the territory, was the most commercial city in the United States until the Civil War, with most jobs there being related to trade and shipping; there was little manufacturing. The first commercial shipment to come down the Mississippi River was of deer and bear hides in 1705. The area, always loosely defined in those early times of European claims and settlements, extended as far east as the city that is now Mobile, Alabama, begun by French settlers

title: Robert Fulton

text: Louisville, Kentucky; to near Cairo, Illinois and the confluence with the Mississippi River; past St. Louis and down past Memphis, Tennessee and Natchez, Mississippi to New Orleans on the Gulf of Mexico coast. This was less than a decade after the United States had acquired the Louisiana Territory from France. These rivers were not well settled, mapped or protected. By achieving this first breakthrough voyage and also proving the ability of the steamboat to travel upstream against powerful river currents, Fulton changed the entire trade and transportation outlook for the American heartland. Fulton was elected a member of the American

title: Mississippi River

text: Mississippi". French explorers Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette began exploring the Mississippi in the 17th century. Marquette traveled with a Sioux Indian who named it "Ne Tongo" ("Big river" in Sioux language) in 1673. Marquette proposed calling it the "River of the Immaculate Conception". When Louis Jolliet explored the Mississippi Valley in the 17th century, natives guided him to a quicker way to return to French Canada via the Illinois River. When he found the Chicago Portage, he remarked that a canal of "only half a league" (less than 2 miles (3.2 km), 3 km) would join the Mississippi and

title: History of the Franco-Americans

text: French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle. It initially covered a vast territory that included most of the drainage basin of the Mississippi River and stretched from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Appalachian Mountains to the Rocky Mountains. Louisiana was split up into two regions, known as Upper Louisiana, Upper Louisiana's land began north of the Arkansas River, and Lower Louisiana. The modern U.S. state of Louisiana is after the historical region, although it occupies only a small portion of what it originally was meant to have. French pioneers explored the area began

title: Little River (Louisiana)

text: bald cypress. Sixty prehistoric Native American archaeological sites have been identified along this stretch of the river. Little River (Louisiana) The Little River is a tributary of the Ouachita (Black) River in central Louisiana in the United States. Via the Ouachita and Red rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. According to the Geographic Names Information System, the Little River has also been known historically as "Bayou Des Nacitoches," "Catahoula Bayou," and "Catahoula River." The Little River is formed about northeast of Georgetown by the confluence of the Dugdemona River and Castor Creek. It flows initially

title: Lewis and Clark Expedition


question: where did the last name taylor originate from

answers: Old French

title: Taylor (surname)

text: countries (especially Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States, where it was the tenth most frequently encountered surname in the 2000 US Census), but has a low incidence in Ireland, where it is mostly concentrated in the North. It is often the anglicized form of the German surname Schneider. At the time of the United Kingdom Census of 1881, the frequency of the surname "Taylor" was highest in the following counties: As of 2014, the frequency of the surname was highest in the following countries and territories: As of 2014, 57.9% of all known bearers of the surname "Taylor"

title: Linda Taylor

text: of Lawrence Wakefield, which Taylor was trying to claim, indicated that she was born around 1926 in Summit, Alabama, under the name Martha Louise White. However, she denied being Martha Louise White. She has been identified from United States Census records as being Martha Miller, born in Tennessee sometime between 1925 and 1927 to Joe and Lidy Miller. In either case she was identified as being white, possibly with some Native American ancestry, although throughout her life she presented herself as being of various racial and ethnic identities, including Black, Asian, Hispanic and Jewish. She also represented herself as being

title: Marshall Taylor

text: Kentucky, and settled on a farm in Bucktown, a rural area on the western edge of Indianapolis, Indiana. Taylor, who was born on November 26, 1878, in Indianapolis was one of eight children in the family that included five girls and three boys. Around 1887, his father began working in Indianapolis as a coachman for the Southards, a wealthy white family. When Taylor was a child he occasionally accompanied his father to work. Taylor soon became a close friend of the Southards's son, Daniel, who was the same age. From the age of eight until he was twelve, Taylor lived

title: Lewis and Lucretia Taylor House

text: Leon County family. She was a master cook and seamstress. Taylor was born a slave on May 19, 1865 in Tallahassee, a day before the Emancipation Proclamation was read downtown at the Knott House by General Edward M. McCook. She cooked for the family of Lewis M. Lively for whom the Lively Technical Center, located on the campus of Tallahassee Community College is named. Married on Dec. 17, 1887, the Taylors were parents to 13 children, who all spent time in front of a classroom. The home remained in the Taylor family until it was abandoned in 1978. In 1995,

title: Dub Taylor

text: a younger brother named George, and a little sister, Edna Fay. The family moved to Augusta, Georgia, around 1912, when Walter was five years old; and the Taylors lived in that city until he was thirteen. The census of 1920 also documents that Dub's mother was a native of Pennsylvania and his father was a native of North Carolina, who worked in Augusta at that time as a "Cotton Broker". While living in Georgia as a boy, Walter, Jr., got his lifelong nickname when his friends began calling him "W" (double-u) and then shortened his nickname even farther, to just

title: Taylor, Alabama

text: Taylor, Alabama Taylor is a town in Geneva and Houston counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. Taylor was first settled in the 1870s, named after an early family that helped secure the first post office. It was not incorporated until almost a century later in June 1967. It is part of the Dothan, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2010 census the population was 2,375, up from 1,898 in 2000. Taylor is located in western Houston County at (31.168331, -85.468016). A rural portion of the town extends west into Geneva County. Taylor is bordered to the northeast by Dothan,

title: Estelle Taylor

text: Fame in the motion pictures category. Taylor was born Ida Estelle Taylor on May 20, 1894 in Wilmington, Delaware. Her father, Harry D. Taylor (born 1871), was born in Harrington, Delaware. Her mother, Ida LaBertha "Bertha" Barrett (November 29, 1874 – August 25, 1965), was born in Easton, Pennsylvania, and later worked as a freelance makeup artist. The Taylors had another daughter, Helen (May 19, 1898 – December 22, 1990), who also became an actress. According to the 1900 census, the family lived in a rented house at 805 Washington Street in Wilmington. In 1903, Ida LaBertha was granted a

title: Edward Harrison Taylor

text: Edward Harrison Taylor Edward Harrison Taylor (April 23, 1889 – June 16, 1978) was an American herpetologist from Missouri. Taylor was born in Maysville, Missouri, to George and Loretta Taylor. He had an older brother, Eugene. Taylor studied at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas, graduating with a B.A. in 1912. Field trips during his time at the University of Kansas with Dr. Clarence McClung and Dr. Roy Moody helped prepare Taylor for his future endeavors. Between 1916 and 1920 he returned briefly to Kansas to finish his M.A.. Upon completing his bachelor's degree, Taylor went to the Philippines,

title: J. Alfred Taylor

text: J. Alfred Taylor James Alfred Taylor, better known as J. Alfred Taylor, (September 25, 1878 – June 9, 1956) was an American politician, a member of the Democratic Party from West Virginia. Taylor was born near Ironton (Lawrence County, Ohio), where he attended the public schools. After graduating, he worked in a printing office in Ironton, before he moved to Alderson, West Virginia, where he also was engaged in the newspaper business. In 1905 he moved from Greenbrier County to Fayette County. Taylor served as a noncommissioned officer in the West Virginia National Guard from 1908 to 1911. His political

title: Anthony Taylor (bishop)

text: (Roth) Taylor; the five boys and two girls were born in a little over nine years. The Taylor family moved to Ponca City, Okla., in 1960, where Bishop Taylor's father and two of his siblings and their families still live—the other four live in Fort Worth. His mother died on April 26, 2016. Ponca City is on the Arkansas River in northern Oklahoma. Taylor attended parochial and public schools, graduating from Ponca City, Oklahoma in 1972. He attended the University of Oklahoma for two years, after which he was accepted as a seminarian for the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City. He

title: Glen H. Taylor

text: Taylor and Olive Higgins Taylor. His father was a retired Texas ranger and wandering preacher, and the family was with him in Portland for a protracted soul-saving meeting. The family homesteaded in north central Idaho near Kooskia, and Taylor attended the public schools. In 1919, after completing the eighth grade, he joined his older brother's stock theater company, and between 1926 and 1944, he became the owner and manager of various entertainment enterprises. Taylor was also a country-western singer; his older sister, Lena, became famous as a jazz singer under the name Lee Morse in the 1920s. Taylor was inspired

title: Taylor, Texas

text: Dan Moody. Actor Rip Torn graduated from Taylor High School. Greg Ginn of Black Flag relocated SST records to Taylor in 2007 Taylor, Texas Taylor is a city in Williamson County, Texas, United States. The population was 13,575 at the 2000 census; it was 15,191 at the 2010 census. In 1876 the Texas Land Company auctioned lots in anticipation of the arrival of the International-Great Northern Railroad when Taylor was founded that year. The city was named after Edward Moses Taylor, a railroad official, under the name Taylorsville which officially became Taylor in 1892. Immigrants from Moravia and Bohemia (now

title: Recy Taylor

text: Recy Taylor Recy Taylor ("née" Corbitt; December 31, 1919 – December 28, 2017) was an African-American woman from Abbeville in Henry County, Alabama, U.S. She was born and raised in a sharecropping family in the Jim Crow era Southern United States. Taylor's refusal to remain silent about a brutal rape she suffered, perpetrated by white men, led to organizing in the African-American community on behalf of justice and civil rights. On September 3, 1944, Taylor was kidnapped while leaving church and gang-raped by six white men. Despite the men's confessions to authorities, two grand juries subsequently declined to indict the

title: Taylor, Texas

text: Taylor, Texas Taylor is a city in Williamson County, Texas, United States. The population was 13,575 at the 2000 census; it was 15,191 at the 2010 census. In 1876 the Texas Land Company auctioned lots in anticipation of the arrival of the International-Great Northern Railroad when Taylor was founded that year. The city was named after Edward Moses Taylor, a railroad official, under the name Taylorsville which officially became Taylor in 1892. Immigrants from Moravia and Bohemia (now the Czech Republic) and other Slavic states, as well as from Germany and Austria, helped establish the town. It soon became a

title: Taylor (surname)

title: Cathie Taylor

text: Cathie Taylor Cathie Taylor (born July 26, 1944) is a Canadian-born actress and singer of country music and later gospel who had some success in the 1960s. Taylor was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and while a child moved with her family to Morgan Hill, California. At age 12, a talent contest appearance led to her singing Western folk songs on San Francisco's KQED-TV. After some time raising blue-ribbon cows, she landed her own radio show on KPER in Gilroy, California. Word of her talent spread to Country & Western impresario Cliffie Stone, who invited her to Los Angeles, and guided

title: C. P. Taylor

text: immigrated from Russia. He left school at 14 and began his working life as a radio and television repairman. In 1955, when he was 26, he met his first wife, Irene Diamond, in a drama group. In order for them to afford to marry, he took a job as a record salesman in Newcastle, the city where his mother had grown up. He and Irene lived there, in Fenham, for many years and had two children, Avram and Clare. In 1967 he married Elizabeth Screen, with whom he also had two children, David and Catheryn. Shortly after their marriage, he

title: Joan Taylor

text: Joan Taylor Joan Taylor (August 18, 1929 – March 4, 2012) was an American television and film actress. Taylor was born Rose Marie Emma in Geneva, Illinois. Her father, Joseph Emma, from Sicily, was a prop man in Hollywood in the 1920s. After his daughter's birth he became the manager of the Deerpath movie theatre in Lake Forest, Illinois, where Joan was brought up and a Hollywood prop man. Her mother Amelia Berky, was from Austria, and was a vaudeville singing-dancing star in the 1920s. Taylor married Leonard Freeman, later the creator of "Hawaii Five-O", in 1953. The couple had

title: Joe Gray Taylor

text: Church. Taylor died in Lake Charles. He is interred in Robinson Cemetery near the Gainesville community in Tipton County, Tennessee. Taylor's papers are in McNeese's Lether Edward Frazar Library. Joe Gray Taylor Joe Gray Taylor (February 14, 1920 – December 8, 1987) was a historian of the American South who published fifteen essays and eight books, including "Louisiana: a Bicentennial History" (1976). A World War II hero, Taylor was affiliated for most of his career with McNeese State University in Lake Charles, Louisiana. Taylor was born in Tipton County, located north of Memphis, Tennessee, to Bassil Gray Taylor, who earned

title: Florence Mary Taylor

text: his death in 1928 until her retirement in 1961. Taylor was born at Bedminster, in Somerset (now a part of Bristol), England to John Parsons and Eliza (née Brooks), working class parents who described themselves as "stone quarryman" and "washerwoman" in the British census of 1881. Her family migrated to Australia when she was a child, arriving in Sydney in 1884 after a short stint in Queensland. Her father soon found work as a draftsman-clerk with the Parramatta Council, and also in the sewerage construction branch of the NSW Department of Public Works. According to her official although unpublished biography

title: Lee Morse

text: to Lena's birth had toured Idaho by covered wagon as the Taylor Family Concert Company, affording them enough money to purchase a ranch in La Grande, Oregon. After their ranch was foreclosed on, the family relocated to the small town of Kooskia, Idaho, where Lena spent her early years. She had learned to sing by the time she was three years old by impersonating her brothers, which accounts for her later ability to master deeper registers in her vocal range. In 1908 the Taylors moved to Clearwater Valley, three miles east of Kooskia. The family had little money, and father

title: Clan Tailyour

text: Clan Tailyour Clan Tailyour, also known as Clan Taylor, is a Scottish clan. The clan is recognized by the Lord Lyon King of Arms but it does not currently have a clan chief therefore it is considered an armigerous clan. The surname Taylor is also considered a sept of the Clan Cameron of the Scottish Highlands who are descendants of Taillear Dubh na Tuaighe (b.1550), see: Taylor sept. The surname Tailyour is derived from the French "tailler" which means "to cut". In Latin it is rendered as "cissor". In around 1137 Walter Cissor received a grant of land from David

title: Taylor, Mississippi

text: Taylor, Mississippi Taylor is a town in Lafayette County, Mississippi. The population was 322 at the 2010 census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and 0.24% is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 500 people, 128 households, and 78 families residing in the town. The population density was 70.3 people per square mile (27.1/km²). There were 138 housing units at an average density of 33.6 per square mile (13.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 70.28% White, 25.99% African American, 1.38% Native American

title: Taylorsville, California

text: 45 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 47.9 people per square mile (18.5/km²). There were 102 housing units at an average density of 31.7 per square mile (12.3/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.21% White, 0.65% Native American, 0.65% Asian, 0.65% from other races, and 5.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.95% of the population. There were 75 households out of which 21.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present,

title: Taylor, Michigan

text: were 65,868 people, 24,776 households, and 17,739 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,789.8 per square mile (1,077.2/km²). There were 25,905 housing units at an average density of 1,097.2 per square mile (423.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 86.13% White, 8.75% African American, 0.68% Native American, 1.63% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.75% from other races, and 2.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.24% of the population. There were 24,776 households out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples

title: Taylor, North Dakota

text: Taylor, North Dakota Taylor is a city in Stark County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 148 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Dickinson Micropolitan Statistical Area. Taylor was founded in 1882 along the transcontinental rail line of the Northern Pacific Railway. The name comes from David R. Taylor, a railroad official in Mandan and later the founder of a drugstore there. Taylor is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. At the 2010 census, there were 148

title: Irving Taylor (songwriter)

text: model and actress, on 20 September 1942 and they had two children. He had changed his last name by 1936 from Goldberg to Taylor. He lived and worked in New York City until enlisting in the Navy. After the war ended, he began writing and producing for television (The Carmen Cavallero Show, The Freddy Martin Show, and several situation comedies), and maintained homes in both New York City and Los Angeles until finally settling in Los Angeles around 1956. In the late 1950s, Taylor wrote words and music for a series of novelty albums which were released on the Warner

title: William Taylor (bishop)

text: Ireland, to the colony of Virginia, about one hundred and thirty years ago" (i.e. 1766). The Hickman family was of English ancestry and settled in Delaware in the late 1750s. Both families "fought for American freedom in the Revolution of 1776" and afterward emancipated their slaves. Taylor’s father, Stuart, was a "tanner and currier—a mechanical genius of his times"; his mother was "mistress of the manufacture of all kinds of cloth". Both parents, he says, were of "powerful constitution of body and mind…their English school education quite equal to the average of their day". Before William was ten years old,

title: John Parkin Taylor

text: to poor health. Taylor had a painful illness and died in 1875. Taylor was born in Treeton near Rotherham, England in 1812. After his education, he worked as a merchant in Liverpool (England), Havana (Cuba), and then Germany. In the latter country, he studied languages and gained an appreciation of German literature. He went back to England, settled in Rotherham, went into business there, and got married to Ismene De Chapte. Taylor's family emigrated to Nelson, New Zealand in 1849 on the "Cornwall", which reached Nelson Harbour on 25 August. He remained on board to travel to Otago for land

title: Steve Taylor

text: three children, was born in Brawley, California. Taylor's father, Roland Taylor, was a Baptist minister. When Taylor was six years old, the family relocated to Northglenn, Colorado, a suburb of Denver. He graduated from Northglenn High School in 1976. While there, he attempted to learn the bass guitar, piano and trombone. Upon graduation from high school, Taylor enrolled at Biola University in California. During his first year, he was first of the 100 chosen, from 20,000 applicants, to spend the summer at John Davidson's summer camp. At the camp, Taylor spent time learning from singers like Tony Orlando, Florence Henderson,

title: Taylor (surname)

long_answer: Taylor is a surname used in the British Isles of French and Latin origin which originated as a Norman occupational surname (meaning tailor) in France It is derived from the Old French tailleur ("cutter"), which is in turn derived from the Late Latin taliator, from taliare ("to cut"). The first historical evidence of the surname dates to the County of Somerset, South West England in 1182. "Taylor" is the fifth-most common surname in England, the 11th-most common in Scotland and the 22nd-most common in Wales. It is also common in other English speaking countries (especially Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States, where it was the tenth most frequently encountered surname in the 2000 US Census), but has a low incidence in Ireland, where it is mostly concentrated in the North. It is often the anglicized form of the German surname Schneider.


question: when does planet of the apes come out 2017

answers: July 14, 2017

answers: July 14, 2017

title: Planet of the Apes (2001 film)

text: was July 4, 2001. "Planet of the Apes" was released on July 27, 2001 in 3,500 theaters across North America, earning $68,532,960 in its opening weekend. This was the second-highest opening weekend of 2001, behind "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone". The film went on to gross $180,011,740 in North America and $182,200,000 elsewhere, for a worldwide total of $362,211,740. "Planet of the Apes" was the tenth-highest-grossing film in North America, and ninth-highest worldwide, of 2001. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes "Planet of the Apes" has an approval rating of 45% based on 156 reviews, with an average rating

title: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes

text: to stay alive in the aftermath of a plague that is wiping out humanity, while Caesar tries to maintain dominance over his community of intelligent apes. "Dawn of the Planet of the Apes" was released in the United States on July 11, 2014 and was met with highly positive reviews, with critics praising its visual effects, story, direction, acting, musical score, action sequences and emotional depth. It was also a box office success, grossing over $710 million worldwide, and making it the eighth-highest-grossing film of 2014. The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects. It was also

title: Rise of the Planet of the Apes

text: 2017. On May 14, 2015, the title was given as "War of the Planet of the Apes", later re-titled to "War for the Planet of the Apes". Rise of the Planet of the Apes Rise of the Planet of the Apes is a 2011 American science fiction film directed by Rupert Wyatt and starring James Franco, Freida Pinto, John Lithgow, Brian Cox, Tom Felton, David Oyelowo, and Andy Serkis. Written by Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver, it is 20th Century Fox's reboot of the "Planet of the Apes" series, intended to act as an origin story for a new series

title: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes

text: on June 26, 2014. The film closed the 36th Moscow International Film Festival on June 28. In Hungary, the largest cinema chain called Cinema City could not agree with the film's distributor, InterCom, and as a result it opened on July 17, 2014 on 45 screens, significantly fewer than similar big-budget productions. However, the film still managed to top the weekend box office chart of the country beating "", which had been leading the chart for three weeks (on 105 screens distributed by UIP Duna). A viral marketing campaign for the film launched in July 2013 included a "simian flu"

title: War for the Planet of the Apes

text: War for the Planet of the Apes War for the Planet of the Apes is a 2017 American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves. A sequel to "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" (2011) and "Dawn of the Planet of the Apes" (2014), it is the third installment in the "Planet of the Apes" reboot series. The film stars Andy Serkis, Woody Harrelson and Steve Zahn, and follows a confrontation between the apes, led by Caesar, and the humans for control of Earth. Like its predecessor, its premise shares several similarities

title: Planet of the Apes (2001 film)

text: active development. Lawrence Konner and Mark Rosenthal rewrote the script, and filming took place from November 2000 to April 2001. "Planet of the Apes" was released to mixed reviews, but was a financial success. Much criticism focused on the confusing plot and ending, although Rick Baker's prosthetic makeup designs were praised. Despite its financial success, 20th Century Fox chose not to produce a sequel, and later rebooted the franchise in 2011 with "Rise of the Planet of the Apes". In 2029, aboard the United States Air Force space station "Oberon", Leo Davidson works closely with primates who are trained for

title: War for the Planet of the Apes

text: to follow, but you care for the motion-captured characters at the center of it, while the humans cower in fear." In October 2016, it was reported that a fourth "Planet of the Apes" film was being discussed. War for the Planet of the Apes War for the Planet of the Apes is a 2017 American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves. A sequel to "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" (2011) and "Dawn of the Planet of the Apes" (2014), it is the third installment in the "Planet of the Apes"

title: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes

text: Apes". In September 2015, it was announced that Woody Harrelson had been cast as the film's antagonist. In October 2015, Steve Zahn was cast as a new ape in the film, retitled as "War for the Planet of the Apes". Dawn of the Planet of the Apes Dawn of the Planet of the Apes is a 2014 American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver. It stars Andy Serkis, Jason Clarke, Gary Oldman, Keri Russell, Toby Kebbell, and Kodi Smit-McPhee. It is the sequel to the 2011 film "Rise of

title: Planet of the Apes (2001 film)

text: long development, the game missed the debut of Burton's film. Fox Interactive and co-publisher Ubisoft finally released the PC version on September 20, 2001; the PlayStation version followed on August 22, 2002. The game received mostly negative reviews. Additionally, Ubisoft and developer Torus Games produced a substantially different "Planet of the Apes" game for Game Boy Advance and Game Boy Color. It is a side-scroller following the first two films; the player controls astronaut Ben on the Planet of the Apes. The Game Boy versions received average reviews. Planet of the Apes (2001 film) Planet of the Apes is a

title: Rise of the Planet of the Apes

text: direct remake of that film. In the film, a substance designed to help the brain repair itself gives advanced intelligence to a chimpanzee named Caesar, who leads an ape uprising. "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was released on August 5, 2011, to critical and commercial success. The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects. It was also nominated for five Saturn Awards including Best Director for Wyatt and Best Writing for Jaffa and Silver, winning Best Science Fiction Film, Best Supporting Actor for Serkis and Best Special Effects. Serkis's performance as Caesar was widely

title: War for the Planet of the Apes

text: same day. At a New York Comic Con special event on October 6, Reeves, Serkis and producer Dylan Clark debuted an exclusive look at the film. Serkis has also mentioned that the film would be accompanied by a video game, for which he performed motion capture. Titled "", the game was released for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One and PC in fall 2017. "War for the Planet of the Apes" was released on Digital HD on October 10, 2017, and on Blu-ray and DVD on October 24, 2017 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. "War for the Planet of the

title: Planet of the Apes (video game)

text: September 20, 2001; the PlayStation version finally appeared on August 22, 2002. In addition, Ubisoft planned a version for Game Boy Advance and Game Boy Color. Created in partnership with developer Torus Games, the games were released December 5, 2001 and December 31, 2002, respectively. The Game Boy version is considerably different from Visiware's PC and PlayStation game; it is a side-scroller and follows the plot of the 1968 film and its 1970 sequel, "Beneath the Planet of the Apes". The player controls human Ben as he searches for the films' hero, Taylor, over the course of ten levels, fighting

title: Planet of the Apes

text: the film was very well received by critics, who found it a strong follow-up to "Rise" and lauded the combination of an engaging script with impressive special effects. It also performed very strongly at the box office, taking in $707 million in worldwide grosses. Its special effects received several honors, including three Visual Effects Society Awards and an Oscar nomination at the 87th Academy Awards. Fox was confident enough in "Dawn of the Planet of the Apes" that the studio started planning for the next installment months before the film debuted. After Fox and Chernin Entertainment screened Matt Reeves' cut

title: Planet of the Apes

text: ape astronaut from a distant planet unleashes a devastating virus on Earth. Scientists go to the astronaut's planet, where apes hunt humans; they locate a cure, but return to find Earth overrun by simians. Schwarzenegger remained attached, but Fox found the script underwhelming. Columbus left the project in 1995 after his mother's death, and James Cameron stepped in to produce. Cameron intended to go in a "very different direction" with the script, but following the critical and financial success of his film "Titanic", he dropped out of the project. Fox approached a series of directors to take over, without success.

title: War for the Planet of the Apes

text: Principal photography began on October 14, 2015, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. War for the Planet of the Apes premiered in New York City on July 10, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on July 14, 2017, by 20th Century Fox.  The film has grossed over $490 million and received critical praise, with many reviewers highlighting the acting (particularly Serkis), visual effects, story, musical score and direction. The film received a nomination for Best Special Visual Effects at the 71st British Academy Film Awards.

title: Planet of the Apes (1968 film)

text: Planet of the Apes (1968 film) Planet of the Apes is a 1968 American science fiction film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner. It stars Charlton Heston, Roddy McDowall, Kim Hunter, Maurice Evans, James Whitmore, James Daly and Linda Harrison. The screenplay by Michael Wilson and Rod Serling was loosely based on the 1963 French novel "La Planète des Singes" by Pierre Boulle. Jerry Goldsmith composed the groundbreaking avant-garde score. It was the first in a series of five films made between 1968 and 1973, all produced by Arthur P. Jacobs and released by 20th Century Fox. The film tells the

title: Planet of the Apes (novel)

text: film was a critical and commercial success, spawning four sequels on a one film a year basis between 1970 and 1973. A second adaptation of the book was released in 2001 directed by Tim Burton as a loose remake of the 1968 film of the same name. A series reboot with a new production team called "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was released in 2011 to critical and commercial success. It was the first in a new series of films. Independent of the American franchise, a 1974 Japanese television series, "Saru No Gundan", was based on the novel.

title: Rise of the Planet of the Apes

text: the screenplay, with rewrites from Scott Z. Burns and Mark Bomback. Taking place ten years after "Rise", "Dawn" follows Caesar's growing nation of evolved apes. Andy Serkis, Terry Notary and Karin Konoval reprise their roles as Caesar, Rocket and Maurice. James Franco returned as Will Rodman in a "cameo via video". "Dawn of the Planet of the Apes" was released July 11, 2014. On January 6, 2014, 20th Century Fox announced a third installment with Reeves returning to direct and co-write along with Bomback, with a planned July 2016 release. In January 2015, Fox delayed the release to July 14,

title: Planet of the Apes (1968 film)

text: best films of 1968, applauded for its imagination and its commentary on a possible world gone upside down. Pauline Kael called it "one of the most entertaining science-fiction fantasies ever to come out of Hollywood." , the film held a 87% approval rating on the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 54 reviews with an average rating of 7.6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, ""Planet of the Apes" raises thought-provoking questions about our culture without letting social commentary get in the way of the drama and action." In 2008, the film was selected by "Empire" magazine as one of

title: Planet of the Apes

text: series commenced in 2011 with "Rise of the Planet of the Apes", which was followed by "Dawn of the Planet of the Apes" in 2014 and "War for the Planet of the Apes" in 2017. The films have grossed a total of over $2 billion worldwide, against a combined budget of $567.5 million. Along with further narratives in various media, franchise tie-ins include video games, toys, and planned theme park rides. "Planet of the Apes" has received particular attention among film critics for its treatment of racial issues. Cinema and cultural analysts have also explored its Cold War and animal

title: Planet of the Apes (2001 film)

text: movie is great-looking. Rick Baker's makeup is convincing even in the extreme closeups, and his apes sparkle with personality and presence. The sets and locations give us a proper sense of alien awe," Ebert commented. "Tim Burton made a film that's respectful to the original, and respectable in itself, but that's not enough. Ten years from now, it will be the 1968 version that people are still renting." Peter Travers of "Rolling Stone" gave a negative review. "Call it a letdown, worsened by the forces of shoddy screenwriting. To quote Heston in both films, 'Damn them, damn them all'." Kenneth

title: Planet of the Apes (2001 film)

text: design the prosthetic makeup with Danny Elfman composing the film score. Tom Cruise and Charlie Sheen were in contention for the lead role. "I can't accurately describe in words the utter euphoria I felt knowing that I, Adam Rifkin, was going to be resurrecting the "Planet of the Apes". It all seemed too good to be true. I soon found out it was." Days before the film was to commence pre-production, new studio executives arrived at Fox, which caused creative differences between Rifkin and the studio. Rifkin was commissioned to rewrite the script through various drafts. The project was abandoned

title: Planet of the Apes

text: from the project due to production and scheduling issues, and was replaced by Matt Reeves. Set ten years after "Rise", the film establishes that the "simian flu" that increased the intelligence of the apes has killed most humans. Caesar struggles to maintain peace as his ape community is drawn into violent clashes with nearby human survivors. Weta Digital again provided special effects work, which combined practical sets, digitally manipulated backgrounds, and performance capture ape characters. The lead human characters were played by Jason Clarke, as Malcolm; Keri Russell, as Ellie; and Gary Oldman, as Dreyfus. Released on July 11, 2014,

title: Planet of the Apes (2001 film)

text: of 5.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "This remake of "Planet of the Apes" can't compare to the original in some critics' minds, but the striking visuals and B-movie charms may win you over." On Metacritic the film has an average score of 50 out of 100, based on 34 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B–" on an A+ to F scale. Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" gave the film 2½ stars; he praised the twist ending, but felt the film lacked a balanced story structure. "The

title: Planet of the Apes

text: at the 84th Academy Awards, among other accolades. The strength of Serkis's performance also inspired Fox to promote him for Oscar consideration; he was not nominated by Academy voters. Following the movie's success, Fox immediately planned for a sequel. Producers Peter Chernin and Dylan Clark started planning the film eventually titled "Dawn of the Planet of the Apes" just after "Rise"s release in 2011. Fox allocated a budget of $170 million. Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver returned to pen the script and produce, and the studio quickly signed Andy Serkis to reprise his role as Caesar. Director Rupert Wyatt withdrew

title: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes

text: a mixture of key-frame animation and motion capture. The film's score was composed by Michael Giacchino. The soundtrack was released by Sony Masterworks on July 8, 2014. On May 31, 2012, Fox announced that "Dawn of the Planet of the Apes" was scheduled for release on May 23, 2014. It was announced on June 20, 2013 that the release date for "Dawn" was being pushed back two months to July 18, 2014. On December 10, 2013, the film was pushed up one week to July 11, 2014. The film premiered at the Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco, California

title: Planet of the Apes (2001 film)

text: Planet of the Apes (2001 film) Planet of the Apes is a 2001 American science fiction film directed by Tim Burton and starring Mark Wahlberg, Tim Roth, Helena Bonham Carter, Michael Clarke Duncan, Paul Giamatti, and Estella Warren. The sixth film produced in the "Planet of the Apes" franchise, it was loosely adapted from Pierre Boulle's 1963 novel of the same name and the 1968 film version. It tells the story of astronaut Leo Davidson crash-landing on a planet inhabited by intelligent apes. The apes treat humans as slaves, but with the help of an ape named Ari, Leo starts

title: Planet of the Apes

text: 20th Century Fox; since his death in 1973, Fox has controlled the franchise. Four sequels followed the original film from 1970 to 1973: "Beneath the Planet of the Apes", "Escape from the Planet of the Apes", "Conquest of the Planet of the Apes", and "Battle for the Planet of the Apes". They did not approach the critical acclaim of the original, but were commercially successful, spawning two television series in 1974 and 1975. Plans for a film remake stalled in "development hell" for over ten years before Tim Burton's "Planet of the Apes" was released in 2001. A reboot film

title: Rise of the Planet of the Apes

text: a platform for future films. We're trying to plant a lot of the seeds for a lot of the things you are talking about in terms of the different apes and so forth." On May 31, 2012, 20th Century Fox announced that the sequel would be named "Dawn of the Planet of the Apes". Reports said that Wyatt was leaving the sequel due to his concern that a May 2014 release date would not give him enough time to properly make the film; he was replaced by "Cloverfield" director Matt Reeves. Jaffa and Silver returned as producers and to pen

title: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes

text: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes Dawn of the Planet of the Apes is a 2014 American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver. It stars Andy Serkis, Jason Clarke, Gary Oldman, Keri Russell, Toby Kebbell, and Kodi Smit-McPhee. It is the sequel to the 2011 film "Rise of the Planet of the Apes", which began 20th Century Fox's reboot of the original "Planet of the Apes" series. "Dawn" is set ten years after the events of "Rise", and follows a group of people in San Francisco who struggle

title: War for the Planet of the Apes