question: who sang the songs on walk the line

answers: Reese Witherspoon

answers: Tyler Hilton

answers: Waylon Payne

answers: Johnathan Rice

answers: Shooter Jennings

answers: Joaquin Phoenix

title: Walk the Line (Mary Wilson album)

text: bankruptcy issue with the label, "Walk the Line" fell out of place on the Billboard charts despite Wilson's promotion efforts. It features covers of "O-o-h Child" and Jennifer Holliday's song "I Am Changing" from the original "Dreamgirls" broadway play. During the recording sessions, Wilson recorded an updated version of The Supremes' #1 single "Love Child", complete with vocal rap. However, the track was replaced in favor of another Supremes #1 hit, "You Keep Me Hangin' On". On September 11, 2013, the album's title track, "Walk the Line", was released to Wilson's iTunes page. Walk the Line (Mary Wilson album) Walk

title: Walk the Line (Mary Wilson album)

text: Walk the Line (Mary Wilson album) Walk the Line is a 1992 album released by former Supremes member Mary Wilson on the independent CEO Records label. The album was Wilson's first solo album to be released since her debut album, "Mary Wilson", in 1979 on Motown Records. Wilson had begun work on a second solo album in 1980, working with English record producer, Gus Dudgeon. Dudgeon had produced 4 tracks for the album but Motown dropped Wilson from the label before the album was completed. After leaving Motown, Wilson almost signed with Atlantic Records in 1987 but the label cancelled

title: I Walk the Line (soundtrack album)

text: I Walk the Line (soundtrack album) I Walk the Line is a soundtrack album to a 1970 film of the same name starring Gregory Peck. Released that same year on Columbia Records, it is, in essence, a country album by Johnny Cash (his 36th), as the entire soundtrack is composed solely of Cash songs, including a rearranged version of the famous title song. Also included is "Flesh and Blood", a ballad written by Cash which reached the top of the Country charts. The album is released on CD in 1999 backed with the soundtrack "Little Fauss and Big Halsy" [Bear

text: We Walk the Line: A Celebration of the Music of Johnny Cash We Walk The Line: A Celebration of the Music of Johnny Cash is a live tribute album to country musician, Johnny Cash. The album features various interpretations of Cash's hits and songs he had covered on his American Recordings albums. The concert presented artists from a wide variety of genres and were backed by an all-star band led by Grammy Award-winning producer and musical director Don Was, country songwriter and musician Buddy Miller, drummer Kenny Aronoff, keyboardist Ian McLagan, and multi-instrumentalist Greg Leisz. The profits from the ticket

title: I Walk the Line

text: I Walk the Line "I Walk the Line" is a song written and recorded in 1956 by Johnny Cash. After three attempts with moderate chart ratings, it became Cash's first number one hit on the "Billboard" charts. It reached number 17 on the US pop charts. It remained on the record charts for over 43 weeks, and sold over 2 million copies. It has also been used on many LP's released from Sun Records, such as "With His Hot and Blue Guitar", "Sings the Songs That Made Him Famous", and "Sings Hank Williams". It was the title song for a

text: behind the scenes look on how the concert was conceived. We Walk the Line: A Celebration of the Music of Johnny Cash We Walk The Line: A Celebration of the Music of Johnny Cash is a live tribute album to country musician, Johnny Cash. The album features various interpretations of Cash's hits and songs he had covered on his American Recordings albums. The concert presented artists from a wide variety of genres and were backed by an all-star band led by Grammy Award-winning producer and musical director Don Was, country songwriter and musician Buddy Miller, drummer Kenny Aronoff, keyboardist Ian

title: Chris Daughtry

text: Daughtry defended himself, saying "It wasn't my doing. You say a lot of things in the [pretaped] interview, and when editing gets involved, things get cut out for time constraints. I did mention in my interview that I'm doing a different version from a band I totally respect. The lead singer of Live, Ed Kowalczyk, called me to say, 'Man, don't listen to that.'...It was really cool to get that kind of respect." On August 2, 2008 at the Tom's River Fest in Tom's River NJ, Daughtry, Kowalczyk, and Live performed Live's rendition of "I Walk the Line" together. Chris

title: Live (band)

text: was accused of performing Live's version of Johnny Cash's "I Walk the Line" and claiming it as his own interpretation. A week later, Daughtry acknowledged this was true and said that Live was one of his favorite bands. In May 2006, Live appeared on "The Howard Stern Show" to address this issue. On August 2, 2008, Daughtry and Live performed Live's interpretation of "I Walk the Line" together at the Toms River Fest in Toms River, New Jersey. On September 14, 2007, the band released "", their first album since 1989 on their own Action Front Records label. The new

title: Dan John Miller

text: for the release of "Walk The Line", Miller performed solo along with the Tennessee Three at the ArcLight Theatre in Hollywood. Miller also played and sang on Loretta Lynn's Grammy-winning album "Van Lear Rose", as well as Charlie Louvin's (of country legends The Louvin Brothers) Grammy-nominated self-titled album. Miller has made cameos in music videos by the Melvins, The Soledad Brothers and The White Stripes. An acclaimed audiobook narrator, Miller was named a Best Voice by "AudioFile" magazine for performances of Pat Conroy's "The Lords of Discipline" and Philip Roth's "My Life As a Man." In 2009, he was nominated

title: Walking on a Thin Line

text: Walking on a Thin Line Walking on a Thin Line is the third studio album by Guano Apes. It was released on 3 February 2003 by BMG. Title of the album comes from a line in the song "Kiss the Dawn". The album reached #1 on the German album charts and was certified gold for shipping 100,000 copies. Lead single "You Can't Stop Me" peaked at #10 in Germany. Recording "Walking on a Thin Line" went slow and was delayed multiple times. In the documentary "", Dennis Poschwatta said that the band "made the mistake of going [into the studio]

title: T Bone Burnett

text: Witherspoon for their singing roles as Johnny Cash and June Carter Cash in the film "Walk the Line". Witherspoon won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in the film, giving special thanks to Burnett in her speech for "helping her realize her lifelong dream of being a country music singer". He also produced that film's soundtrack album and wrote its score. In 2009, Burnett collaborated on music for the movie "Crazy Heart", winning a Golden Globe, an Academy Award, and a Grammy Award for the song "The Weary Kind", which he composed with Ryan Bingham. Burnett was

title: Chris Daughtry

text: offer, but, he said, "he'd still like to work with them somewhere down the road." Daughtry's March 21 performance caused controversy when he sang a minor-key rendition of Johnny Cash's "I Walk the Line", based on a cover of the song by the band Live originally recorded for the 2001 tribute album "Good Rockin' Tonight: The Legacy of Sun Records". Neither Daughtry nor the judges (who uniformly praised the performance) noted the Live version, making it appear to some viewers and critics that Daughtry was trying to pass off the arrangement as his own. In an interview with "Entertainment Weekly",

title: Walk the Line (Mary Wilson album)

text: on the deal. In 1990, Wilson signed with Nightmare Records (which later turned into Motorcity Records). Wilson recorded and released her cover version of the Five Stairsteps's classic hit "O-o-h Child" on the Motorcity label but never recorded a full album for the label. A year later, Wilson signed with CEO Records and released "Walk the Line" in 1992. A day after "Walk the Line" was released, CEO went into bankruptcy. Wilson later claimed that she had no knowledge of the label's financial troubles and stated that she was coerced into signing with them for the release. Because of the

title: Mary Wilson (singer)

text: on several TV shows and talk shows and began regularly performing in Las Vegas casinos and resorts. Wilson then recorded a cover version of "Ooh Child" for the Motorcity label in 1990. A year later, she signed with CEO Records and released the album, "Walk the Line", in 1992. The label filed for bankruptcy the day after its national release. Wilson maintains she was deceived about the financial status of the label. The available copies of the album quickly sold out, however, and Wilson continued her success as a concert performer. Wilson fought two court cases with former employees over

title: Walk the Line (soundtrack)

title: I Walk the Line

text: song is included in "The 500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll", a permanent exhibit at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2004, "Rolling Stone magazine" ranked the song at 30 on its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. and also ranked it #1 on its list of the 100 greatest country songs of all time in June 2014. The song was covered by French house music DJ and producer Laurent Wolf and released in August 2009 as Walk the Line Remix. I Walk the Line "I Walk the Line" is a song written and

title: Walking on a Thin Line (song)

text: the Top Rock Tracks chart, peaking at No. 16. In Australia, the single reached No. 70. Walking on a Thin Line (song) "Walking On a Thin Line" is a song performed by Huey Lewis and the News, released in 1984 as the fifth and final single from their 1983 album, "Sports". Considered one of the band's more "serious" songs, "Walking on a Thin Line" was written by Andre Pessis and Kevin Wells (of Clover, then 5000 Volts). The "Sacramento Bee" thought the song was about a veteran's post-war stress. However, the song is really about the thoughts of serving Vietnam

title: Norah Jones

text: folk songs, "Free Country", as lead vocalist on "I Walk the Line" and "Tennessee Waltz". Jones formed The Little Willies in 2003, alongside Richard Julian on vocals, Jim Campilongo on guitar, Lee Alexander on bass, and Dan Rieser on drums. The alt country band released its eponymous first album in 2006 and "For the Good Times" in 2012. Jones appeared in the 2004 special, "Sesame Street Presents: The Street We Live On". Jones appeared in the concert and DVD "Return to Sin City – A Tribute to Gram Parsons". Jones performed the song "She" and then, together with Keith Richards

title: I Walk the Line (film)

text: with enough material for a soundtrack album. One of the songs, "Flesh and Blood," even became a number one country hit in 1971. The soundtrack featured three songs not heard in the film ("This Town", "Face of Despair" and "The World's gonna Fall On You"). I Walk the Line (film) I Walk the Line is a 1970 American Drama film directed by John Frankenheimer and starring Gregory Peck and Tuesday Weld. It tells the story of Sheriff Henry Tawes (Peck) who develops a relationship with a girl in town Alma McCain (Weld). The screenplay, written by Alvin Sargent, is an

title: I Walk the Line

text: 1970 film starring Gregory Peck. The unique chord progression for the song was inspired by backwards playback of guitar runs on Cash's tape recorder while he was in the Air Force stationed in Germany. Later in a telephone interview, Cash stated, “I wrote the song backstage one night in 1956 in Gladewater, Texas. I was newly married at the time, and I suppose I was laying out my pledge of devotion." After the writing of the song Cash had a discussion with fellow performer [Carl Perkins] who encouraged him to adopt "I Walk the Line" as the song title. Cash

title: Walk the Line (soundtrack)

text: the Collector's Edition DVD. As of May 17, 2006 the soundtrack was certified platinum by the RIAA with over 1,000,000 copies sold. On February 11, 2007 this album won a Grammy for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media. The film also featured a variety of country, rockabilly and traditional scoring. They were not featured on the soundtrack CD. Walk the Line (soundtrack) Walk the Line: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2005 biographical drama film of the same name released November 15, 2005 by Wind-Up Records. There are nine

title: Aaron Lines

text: well, and at the 2003 CCMA Awards, Lines received six nominations, including the Kraft Cheez Whiz Fans' Choice Award. When the awards were handed out in September, Lines was named Male Artist of the Year, and also picked up the Rising Star Award. In 2003, Lines was an opening act for Martina McBride's Greatest Hits tour. Aaron Lines' third album, "Waitin' on the Wonderful", was released on September 6, 2005. The title track stalled at No. 37 on US Country and the album was not released in the US. Meanwhile, in Canada, the first three singles from the album all

title: On the Line (soundtrack)

text: On the Line (soundtrack) On the Line is the soundtrack from the film of the same name. It was released on November 3, 2001 via Jive Records. AllMusic's Heather Phares was critical of the tracks performed by BBMak, Robyn and Jessica Folkner, and found the production choices on the remake of Al Green's "Let's Stay Together" to be "an insult to his talent." She commended the contributions from both *NSYNC and Britney Spears, along with the songs by Trickside and Melissa Lefton, but said that "these moments are few and far between on "On the Line", a soundtrack that seems

title: The Lines

text: The Lines The Lines were a four-piece indie rock band from Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England who were signed to Amboy Road Records, although previously had released their debut single on Weekender Records in February 2008. The Lines formed in 2006 with lifetime school friends Dean Bate and Alex Ohm. The Lines released their debut single 'Domino Effect' on Weekender Records on 25 February 2008. Edwards & Titley left the group in late 2008. The band split up in 2013. The Lines achieved various support slots between 2006-2008 which have included The Killers, Editors, The Maccabees, The Twang, The Charlatans, Babyshambles,

title: Walk a Thin Line

text: to play slide guitar. Walk a Thin Line "Walk a Thin Line" is a song by British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac, released in 1979. Composed and sung by guitarist Lindsey Buckingham, it was one of the nine songs he wrote for the "Tusk" album. Along with "Angel" and title track, "Walk a Thin Line" was one of the later songs written and recorded for "Tusk". The song was inspired by a Charlie Watts drum fill on "Sway", off the Rolling Stones album "Sticky Fingers". This drum fill caught Buckingham's interest, and intended to feature the fill on one of his

title: I Walk the Line (soundtrack album)

text: Family Records 4000127161307]. The Bear Family release features an alternate longer version of the title song. All songs written by Johnny Cash except where noted. <nowiki>*</nowiki>This is the running abbreviated time on the original Columbia Vinyl release. The full version timed at 3:29 was released on the Bear Family CD "I Walk The Line/Little Fauss And Big Halsy" Album – Billboard (North America) Singles – Billboard (North America) I Walk the Line (soundtrack album) I Walk the Line is a soundtrack album to a 1970 film of the same name starring Gregory Peck. Released that same year on Columbia Records,

title: The Lines

text: support slots with Ash and Ocean Colour Scene; and dates with Peter Doherty on his solo tour. On Saturday 25 May 2013, The Lines announced they had split up on their official Facebook and Twitter pages. The Twitter announcement stated, "It's been fun but it's time to go. Thank you all for the most brilliant support. Big love to you x" The Lines The Lines were a four-piece indie rock band from Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England who were signed to Amboy Road Records, although previously had released their debut single on Weekender Records in February 2008. The Lines formed in

title: Walk a Thin Line

text: Walk a Thin Line "Walk a Thin Line" is a song by British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac, released in 1979. Composed and sung by guitarist Lindsey Buckingham, it was one of the nine songs he wrote for the "Tusk" album. Along with "Angel" and title track, "Walk a Thin Line" was one of the later songs written and recorded for "Tusk". The song was inspired by a Charlie Watts drum fill on "Sway", off the Rolling Stones album "Sticky Fingers". This drum fill caught Buckingham's interest, and intended to feature the fill on one of his on "Tusk" songs. Buckingham

title: Live (band)

text: Johnny Cash's "I Walk the Line", and a new version of their song "Run Away" with Shelby Lynne sharing lead vocals with Kowalczyk. A deluxe version of the album included a DVD with 22 music videos and an interview with Kowalczyk. In 2005, Live signed to Sony BMG Music Entertainment's Epic label. They released the album "Songs from Black Mountain" in June 2006. The album peaked at number 52 on the "Billboard" 200 album chart, and reached number three on the "Billboard" Independent album chart. The first single was "The River". On season five of "American Idol", finalist Chris Daughtry

title: Walk the Dog and Light the Light

text: Light" received positive critical notices, and Nyro supported the album with a string of intimate dates with a harmony vocal group. "Walk the Dog and Light the Light" grew out of Nyro's 1988 tour, which resulted in her live album "Laura: Live at the Bottom Line." Thus, the music is similarly laidback and features largely the same cast of musicians, including percussionist Nydia "Liberty" Mata, with whom Nyro had collaborated since the mid-1970s. The album is produced by Nyro with Steely Dan producer Gary Katz. The sound is smooth and soulful, with Nyro's rich and smokier vocals singing her lyrics

title: Walk the Line (soundtrack)

long_answer: Walk the Line: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2005 biographical drama film of the same name released November 15, 2005 by Wind-Up Records. There are nine songs performed by Joaquin Phoenix (as Johnny Cash), four songs by Reese Witherspoon (as June Carter Cash), one song by Waylon Payne (as Jerry Lee Lewis), one song by Johnathan Rice (as Roy Orbison), two songs by Tyler Hilton (as Elvis Presley), and one song by Shooter Jennings (as Waylon Jennings). At the Golden Globe Awards Joaquin Phoenix was awarded the Best Actor - Musical or Comedy and Reese Witherspoon was awarded the Best Actress - Musical or Comedy, as well as the film won the Best Picture - Musical or Comedy. Joaquin Phoenix and Reese Witherspoon were also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Actress, which Witherspoon won.

short_answers:
Joaquin Phoenix
Johnathan Rice
Reese Witherspoon
Shooter Jennings
Tyler Hilton
Waylon Payne


question: who was the great wall of china built to defend against

answers: nomads from Inner Asia

answers: nomads from Inner Asia.

title: Great Wall of China

text: Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe with an eye to expansion. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built in 220–206

title: Great Wall of Qi

text: Great Wall of Qi The Great Wall of Qi () is the oldest existing Great Wall in China. Construction of the wall started in 685 BC (during the Spring and Autumn period) by the state of Qi, to defend itself against an invasion by the Kingdom of Chu. The existing sections date back to 500 BC. Construction ended during the Warring States period. The wall stretches from the areas under the administration of the present-day city of Jinan to the present-day city of Qingdao across the territories of the present-day cities of Tai'an, Zibo, Laiwu, Weifang, Linyi, and Rizhao. Its

title: Lady Meng Jiang

text: the Great Wall as we know it was constructed, that the Great Wall is named as the wall in the story and that Lady Meng is said to have committed suicide by throwing herself from it into the ocean (in spite of the fact that there is no place at that point from which she could throw herself). Popular versions only at this point tell the reader that this story happened during the reign of the wicked, unjust Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi, who decided to build a wall to keep the barbarians from invading his kingdom. But the wall kept

title: The Great Wall of China (short story)

text: The Great Wall of China (short story) "The Great Wall of China" (original title "Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer", literally "During the construction of the Great Wall of China") is a short story by Franz Kafka. While written in 1917, it was not published until 1930, seven years after his death. Its first publication occurred in "Der Morgen", a German literary magazine. A year later, Max Brod included it in "Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer", the first posthumous collection of short stories by Franz Kafka. Contained within the story is a parable that was separately published as "A Message from

title: Great Wall of China

text: the optics much better, rendering photographic evidence irrelevant to the issue of whether it is visible to the naked eye. Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe with an eye to expansion. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and

title: Qin Shi Huang

text: was tiring and unsuccessful, and to prevent the Xiongnu from encroaching on the northern frontier any longer, the emperor ordered the construction of an immense defensive wall. This wall, for whose construction hundreds of thousands of men were mobilized, and an unknown number died, is a precursor to the current Great Wall of China. It connected numerous state walls which had been built during the previous four centuries, a network of small walls linking river defences to impassable cliffs. A famous South China quotation was "In the North there is the Great wall, in the South there is the Lingqu

title: Ming Great Wall

text: generals. This was seen as a vindication of Yu Zijun's strategy of wall-building by the people of the border areas. By the mid-16th century, Yu's wall in the Ordos had seen expansion into an extensive defence system. It contained two defence lines: Yu's wall, called the "great border" (大邊, "dàbiān"), and a "secondary border" (二邊, "èrbiān") built by Yang Yiqing (14541530) behind it. Following the success of the Ordos walls, Yu Zijun proposed construction of a further wall that would extend from the Yellow River bend in the Ordos to the Sihaiye Pass (四海冶口; in present-day Yanqing County) near the

title: Guangwu Great Wall

text: Dynasty and Liao Dynasty. The "Moon Gate" is a distinctive arched shaped door from the ruins of a watchtower. Guangwu Great Wall The Guangwu Great Wall () is a section of the Great Wall of China located in Shanyin County, Shanxi. The section of the wall was integral to the defensive system built around the Yanmen Pass because nomadic invaders would first attack the Guangwu section since it was to the north and west of the pass. Nearby the Guangwu section are the present day inhabited villages of New Guangwu and Old Guangwu. New Guangwu was built during the Ming

title: Great Wall of China

text: BC by Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Little of that wall remains. The Great Wall has been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced over various dynasties; the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). Apart from defense, other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk Road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration. Furthermore, the defensive characteristics of the Great Wall were enhanced by the construction of watch towers, troop barracks, garrison stations, signaling capabilities through the

title: Guangwu Great Wall

text: Guangwu Great Wall The Guangwu Great Wall () is a section of the Great Wall of China located in Shanyin County, Shanxi. The section of the wall was integral to the defensive system built around the Yanmen Pass because nomadic invaders would first attack the Guangwu section since it was to the north and west of the pass. Nearby the Guangwu section are the present day inhabited villages of New Guangwu and Old Guangwu. New Guangwu was built during the Ming Dynasty on a site first occupied during the Warring States Period while Old Guangwu was built during the Song

title: The Great Wall Ballad

text: The Great Wall Ballad "The Great Wall Ballad" () is a Chinese patriotic song written in 1937 by Pao Maonong and Lu Xueyu after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident. The song became extremely popular among both the Communist and Nationalist Chinese, and quickly rose to prominence among the Chinese Diaspora. Today, the Great Wall Ballad is one of the most popular Chinese patriotic songs in both Taiwan and Mainland China, largely due to its apolitical lyrics and folk-style melody. The song has been adapted numerous times across its history, and is sometimes seen as the de facto anthem of the

title: History of the Great Wall of China

text: the Great Wall of Qi. The State of Wei built two walls, the western one completed in 361 BC and the eastern in 356 BC, with the extant western wall found in Hancheng, Shaanxi. Even non-Chinese peoples built walls, such as the Di state of Zhongshan and the Yiqu Rong, whose walls were intended to defend against the State of Qin. Of these walls, those of the northern states Yan, Zhao, and Qin were connected by Qin Shi Huang when he united the Chinese states in 221 BC. The State of Yan, the easternmost of the three northern states, began

title: Great Wall of Qi

text: total length has been estimated at about 600 kilometers. Most of the wall is still able to be seen. Great Wall of Qi The Great Wall of Qi () is the oldest existing Great Wall in China. Construction of the wall started in 685 BC (during the Spring and Autumn period) by the state of Qi, to defend itself against an invasion by the Kingdom of Chu. The existing sections date back to 500 BC. Construction ended during the Warring States period. The wall stretches from the areas under the administration of the present-day city of Jinan to the present-day

title: Great Wall of China

text: protecting it against potential incursions by Jurched-Mongol Oriyanghan from the northwest and the Jianzhou Jurchens from the north. While stones and tiles were used in some parts of the Liaodong Wall, most of it was in fact simply an earth dike with moats on both sides. Towards the end of the Ming, the Great Wall helped defend the empire against the Manchu invasions that began around 1600. Even after the loss of all of Liaodong, the Ming army held the heavily fortified Shanhai Pass, preventing the Manchus from conquering the Chinese heartland. The Manchus were finally able to cross the

title: History of the Great Wall of China

text: The history of the Great Wall of China began when fortifications built by various states during the Spring and Autumn (771–476 BC) and Warring States periods (475–221 BC) were connected by the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, to protect his newly founded Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) against incursions by nomads from Inner Asia.  The walls were built of rammed earth, constructed using forced labour, and by 212 BC ran from Gansu to the coast of southern Manchuria.

title: Great Wall of China

text: of what constitutes a "Great Wall" has not been agreed upon, making the full course of the Great Wall difficult to describe in its entirety, the course of the main Great Wall line following Ming constructions can be charted. The Jiayu Pass, located in Gansu province, is the western terminus of the Ming Great Wall. Although Han fortifications such as Yumen Pass and the Yang Pass exist further west, the extant walls leading to those passes are difficult to trace. From Jiayu Pass the wall travels discontinuously down the Hexi Corridor and into the deserts of Ningxia, where it enters

title: Chinese city wall

text: classical Chinese, the character "chéng" (城) denoted the defensive wall of the "inner city" which housed government buildings. The character "guō" (郭) denoted the defensive wall of the "outer city", housing mainly residences. The phrase chángchéng (長城), literally "the long wall", refers to the Great Wall. Colloquially "chéng" referred to both the walls and city so that both were synonymous with each other. A city was not a city without walls, however large it may be. The invention of the city wall is attributed to the semi-historical sage Gun (鯀) of the Xia dynasty, father of Yu the Great. The

title: Great Wall of China

text: natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers. Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measures out to be . Today, the Great Wall is generally recognized as one of the most impressive architectural feats in history. The collection of fortifications known as the Great Wall of China has historically had a number of different names in both Chinese and English. In Chinese histories, the term "Long Wall(s)" (長城, "changcheng") appears in Sima Qian's "Records of the Grand Historian", where it referred both to the separate great walls built between and north of the

title: Defense of the Great Wall

text: Shanhaiguan is the fortified eastern end of the Great Wall of China, where the Great Wall meets the ocean. Per the terms of the 1901 Boxer Rebellion accord, the Imperial Japanese Army maintained a small garrison of around 200 men at Shanhaiguan. On the night of 1 January 1933, the Japanese garrison commander staged an "incident" by exploding a few hand grenades and firing a few shots. The Kwantung Army used this as an excuse to demand that the Chinese 626th Regiment of the Northeastern Army, guarding Shanhaiguan, evacuate the pass defenses. When the Chinese garrison refused, the Japanese 8th

title: History of the Great Wall of China

text: elaborate but atypical stretches of the Great Wall and generalized such fortifications across the whole northern frontier. Furthermore, Martini erroneously identified the Ming Wall as the same wall built by Qin Shi Huang in the 3rd century BC, thereby exaggerating both the Wall's antiquity and its size. This misconception was compounded by the "China Illustrata" of Father Athanasius Kircher (160280), which provided pictures of the Great Wall as imagined by a European illustrator. All these and other accounts from missionaries in China contributed to the Orientalism of the eighteenth century, in which a mythical China and its exaggerated Great Wall

title: History of the Great Wall of China

text: army marched into Yiqu territory at the queen dowager's orders; the Qin annihilated the Yiqu remnants and thus came to possess the Ordos region. At this point the Qin built a wall around their new territories to defend against the true nomads even further north, incorporating the Wei walls. As a result, an estimated total of of Qin walls (including spurts) extended from southern Gansu to the bank of the Yellow River in the Jungar Banner, close to the border with Zhao at the time. The walls, known as "Changcheng" (長城) – literally "long walls", but often translated as "Great

title: Great Wall of China

text: borders extended beyond the walls and Mongolia was annexed into the empire, so constructions on the Great Wall were discontinued. On the other hand, the so-called Willow Palisade, following a line similar to that of the Ming Liaodong Wall, was constructed by the Qing rulers in Manchuria. Its purpose, however, was not defense but rather migration control. None of the Europeans who visited Yuan China or Mongolia, such as Marco Polo, Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, William of Rubruck, Giovanni de' Marignolli and Odoric of Pordenone, mentioned the Great Wall. The North African traveler Ibn Battuta, who also visited China

title: History of the Great Wall of China

text: most westerly of all Han Chinese fortifications – further west than the western terminus of the Ming Great Wall at Jiayu Pass, about to the east. The garrisons of the watchtowers on the wall were supported by civilian farming and by military agricultural colonies known as "tuntian". Behind this line of fortifications, the Han government was able to maintain its settlements and its communications to the Western Regions in central Asia, generally secure from attacks from the north. The campaigns against the Xiongnu and other nomadic peoples of the west exhausted the imperial treasury, and the expansionist policies were reverted

title: History of the Great Wall of China

text: Hebei Province), which were two major garrisons guarding the corridor to Beijing where no walls had been built. The two defence lines of Xuanfu and Datong (abbreviated as "Xuan–Da") left by the Northern Qi and the early Ming had deteriorated by this point, and for all intents and purposes the inner line was the capital's main line of defence. From 1544 to 1549, Weng Wanda (翁萬達; 14981552) embarked on a defensive building program on a scale unprecedented in Chinese history. Troops were re-deployed along the outer line, new walls and beacon towers were constructed, and fortifications were restored and extended

title: Great Wall of China

text: the western edge of the Yellow River loop at Yinchuan. Here the first major walls erected during the Ming dynasty cuts through the Ordos Desert to the eastern edge of the Yellow River loop. There at Piantou Pass "Piāntóuguān") in Xinzhou, Shanxi province, the Great Wall splits in two with the "Outer Great Wall" "Wài Chǎngchéng") extending along the Inner Mongolia border with Shanxi into Hebei province, and the "inner Great Wall" "Nèi Chǎngchéng") running southeast from Piantou Pass for some , passing through important passes like the Pingxing Pass and Yanmen Pass before joining the Outer Great Wall at

title: Great Wall of China

text: time and the subsequent Warring States period, the states of Qin, Wei, Zhao, Qi, Yan, and Zhongshan all constructed extensive fortifications to defend their own borders. Built to withstand the attack of small arms such as swords and spears, these walls were made mostly by stamping earth and gravel between board frames. King Zheng of Qin conquered the last of his opponents and unified China as the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty ("Qin Shi Huang") in 221 BC. Intending to impose centralized rule and prevent the resurgence of feudal lords, he ordered the destruction of the sections of the

title: History of the Great Wall of China

text: Li Zicheng declared himself the founder of the Shun and marched towards the Ming capital from Shaanxi. His route roughly followed the line of the Great Wall, in order to neutralize its heavily fortified garrisons. The crucial defences of Datong, Xuanfu, and Juyong Pass all surrendered without a fight, and the Chongzhen Emperor hanged himself on 25 April as the Shun army entered Beijing. At this point, the largest remaining Ming fighting force in North China was in Shanhai Pass, where the Great Wall meets the Bohai Sea. Its defender Wu Sangui, wedged between the Shun army within and the

title: Huanghuacheng

text: after a steep hike to a high guard tower. Huanghuacheng Huanghuacheng () is a village in the town of (), in the Huairou District of northern Beijing. The village is home to a tourist section of the Great Wall officially called the Lakeside Great Wall. The section derives its name from the man-made reservoir lakes at the location in close proximity to the Great Wall. Unlike the main tourist sections of the Great Wall at Mutianyu and Badaling, the Lakeside Great Wall only usually draws in a handful of tourists. The section features appealing sights including submerged parts of the

title: Jumenbu

text: (barbican entrance to the fortress) on the east. The wall was built from earth with bricks on the surface. Jumenbu Jumenbu (), is a fortress of the Ming Great Wall Shanxi Section, located in Datong city in Shanxi province, China. Jumenbu is a fortress for guarding the Great Wall of China, and it is a part of the Great Wall defence system. Jumenbu is situated in a brae 2.5 km away from the Great Wall. It was designed to defend against invasion and harry the nomads of Mongolia. Its original name was Jumengbu, which literally means "Mongol-resistant stronghold", but it

title: History of the Great Wall of China

text: along both lines. Firearms and artillery were mounted on the walls and towers during this time, for both defence and signalling purposes. The project's completion was announced in the sixth month of 1548. At its height, the Xuan–Da portion of the Great Wall totalled about of wall, with some sections being doubled-up with two lines of wall, some tripled or even quadrupled. The outer frontier was now protected by a wall called the "outer border" (外邊, "wàibiān") that extended from the Yellow River's edge at the Piantou Pass (偏頭關) along the Inner Mongolia border with Shanxi into Hebei province; the

title: History of the Great Wall of China

short_answers:
nomads from Inner Asia
nomads from Inner Asia.


question: who played the beast in the movie beauty and the beast

answers: Dan Stevens

answers: Adam Mitchell

title: Beast (Beauty and the Beast)

text: the events that occurred between "Kingdom Hearts" and "Kingdom Hearts II", such as Belle and Beast attempting to resume their normal lives and Beast's first encounter with Xaldin. The Beast appears in the Broadway musical adaptation of Disney's "Beauty and the Beast", originally portrayed by Terrence Mann. Other actors who have taken on the role include Chuck Wagner (1997), James Barbour (1998), Jeff McCarthy (2004), and Steve Blanchard. The movie and others never made mention of his real name. A CD-ROM game said "The Prince's name is Adam." In the 2011 ABC series "Once Upon a Time", the show's version

title: Beauty and the Beast (musical)

text: amateur premiere of Disney's Beauty and the Beast, for which it was nominated for 4 AIMS Awards (Association of Irish Musical Societies) including Best Overall Show in Ireland and winning one, Best Actor in a Supporting Role (John Murphy for the part of Gaston). Belle was played by Bridget Nolan and Beast was played by Derek Ryan. <nowiki>*</nowiki> New song or instrumental cue † Expanded vocal or instrumental content, using either cut lyrics by Ashman or dance arrangements by Glen Kelly, or both. ‡ "Human Again" was written by Menken and Ashman for the movie, but was cut, due to

title: Beauty and the Beast (musical)

text: time. Although Egan did not feel particularly pressured about the role, she was grateful to be surrounded by a supporting cast of veteran Broadway performers. Actor Terrence Mann was cast as the Beast. Mann had previously performed as Javert in "Les Misérables", for which he was nominated for a Tony Award. For his final audition for Disney management, Mann performed for a large audience comprising Disney executives and secretaries in a theatre located on 42nd Street, which he felt was in stark contrast to the usual method of auditioning for six to eight people in a dark theatre. Actor Gary

title: Beast (Beauty and the Beast)

text: Beast (Beauty and the Beast) The Beast is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Animation Studios' 30th animated feature film "Beauty and the Beast" (1991). He also appears in the film's two direct-to-video followups "" and "Belle's Magical World". Based on the hero of the French fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont, the Beast was created by screenwriter Linda Woolverton and animated by Glen Keane. A pampered prince transformed into a hideous beast as punishment for his cold-hearted and selfish ways, the Beast must, in order to return to his former self, earn the love of a

title: Beast (Beauty and the Beast)

text: the villagers. Beast (Beauty and the Beast) The Beast is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Animation Studios' 30th animated feature film "Beauty and the Beast" (1991). He also appears in the film's two direct-to-video followups "" and "Belle's Magical World". Based on the hero of the French fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont, the Beast was created by screenwriter Linda Woolverton and animated by Glen Keane. A pampered prince transformed into a hideous beast as punishment for his cold-hearted and selfish ways, the Beast must, in order to return to his former self, earn the love

title: Beauty and the Beast (2014 film)

text: Beauty and the Beast (2014 film) Beauty and the Beast () is a 2014 Franco-German romantic fantasy film based on the traditional fairy tale of the same name by Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve. Written by Christophe Gans and Sandra Vo-Anh and directed by Gans, the film stars Léa Seydoux as Belle and Vincent Cassel as the Beast. The film was screened out of competition at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival and was released in France on 12 February 2014 to positive reviews, becoming a box office success. International reviews were more mixed. It was nominated for the People's Choice

title: Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)

text: Beauty and the Beast (1946 film) Beauty and the Beast ( - also the UK title) is a 1946 French romantic fantasy film directed by French poet and filmmaker Jean Cocteau. Starring Josette Day as Belle and Jean Marais as the Beast, it is an adaptation of the 1757 story "Beauty and the Beast", written by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont and published as part of a fairy tale anthology. The plot of Cocteau's film revolves around Belle's father who is sentenced to death for picking a rose from Beast's garden. Belle offers to go back to the Beast in her

title: Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)

text: Beauty and the Beast (Disney song) "Beauty and the Beast" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for the Disney animated feature film "Beauty and the Beast" (1991). The film's theme song, the Broadway-inspired ballad was first recorded by British-American actress Angela Lansbury in her role as the voice of the character Mrs. Potts, and essentially describes the relationship between its two main characters Belle and the Beast, specifically how the couple has learned to accept their differences and in turn change each other for the better. Additionally, the song's lyrics imply that the feeling

title: Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)

text: in "Kingdom Hearts II", the world's primary antagonist being Xaldin, an original character created for the series, but who shares several traits with Forte, the main antagonist of "Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas". Beauty and the Beast (1991 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 1991 American animated musical romantic fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The 30th Disney animated feature film and the third released during the Disney Renaissance period, it is based on the French fairy tale of the same name by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont who was

title: Beauty and the Beast (musical)

text: Beauty and the Beast (musical) Beauty and the Beast is a musical with music by Alan Menken, lyrics by Howard Ashman and Tim Rice, and book by Linda Woolverton. Adapted from Walt Disney Pictures' Academy Award-winning 1991 animated musical film of the same name – which in turn had been based on the classic French fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont – "Beauty and the Beast" tells the story of a cold-blooded prince who has been magically transformed into an unsightly creature as punishment for his selfish ways. To revert into his true human form, the Beast must first

title: Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)

text: Beauty and the Beast (1991 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 1991 American animated musical romantic fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The 30th Disney animated feature film and the third released during the Disney Renaissance period, it is based on the French fairy tale of the same name by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont who was uncredited in the English version but credited in the French version, and ideas from the 1946 French film of the same name directed by Jean Cocteau. "Beauty and the Beast" focuses on the relationship between

title: Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)

text: were revealed to be in talks to play Gaston and the Beast respectively, and Watson confirmed their casting the following day through tweets. The rest of the principal cast, including Josh Gad, Emma Thompson, Kevin Kline, Audra McDonald, Ian McKellen, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ewan McGregor and Stanley Tucci were announced between March and April to play LeFou, Mrs. Potts, Maurice, Madame de Garderobe, Cogsworth, Plumette, Lumière and Cadenza, respectively. Susan Egan, who originated the role of Belle on Broadway, commented on the casting of Watson as "perfect". Paige O'Hara, who voiced Belle in the original animated film and its sequels, offered

title: Beauty and the Beast (1992 film)

text: Beauty and the Beast (1992 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 50-minute animated film originally released on May 4, 1992, and based on the classic fairy tale, "Beauty and the Beast", by Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve. Like all other Golden Films productions, the film features three original songs and an underlying track of fully orchestrated classical music. Produced by Golden Films and the "American Film Investment Corporation", it was distributed to DVD in 2002 by "GoodTimes Entertainment", as part of its "Collectible Classics" line. Beauty is the youngest daughter of an elderly merchant, playing the role of the family

title: Beauty and the Beast (1987 TV series)

text: in particular, there is some connection to the Jean Cocteau's 1946 French film, "La Belle et la Bête". George R.R. Martin, who would later write the "A Song of Ice and Fire" book series, was a writer and producer on the show. In 2004 and 2007, "Beauty and the Beast" was ranked #14 and #17, respectively, on "TV Guide"'s Top Cult Shows Ever. Catherine Chandler (played by Linda Hamilton) is abducted, beaten, slashed and left to die in Central Park because she was inadvertently mistaken for somebody else. She is rescued and cared for by Vincent (played by Ron Perlman)

title: Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)

text: Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon from a screenplay written by Stephen Chbosky and Evan Spiliotopoulos, and co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films. The film is based on Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name, itself an adaptation of Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's eighteenth-century fairy tale. The film features an ensemble cast that includes Emma Watson and Dan Stevens as the eponymous characters with Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, and Emma Thompson in supporting roles.

title: Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)

text: Afanasieff for successfully making the song his own. Actress and singer Paige O'Hara, who voices Belle, was among the first artists to express interest in recording the pop version of "Beauty and the Beast", but Disney dismissed her for being "too Broadway". Unable to afford to hire a "big singer" at the time, Disney settled for rising Canadian recording artist Celine Dion. Because she was relatively unknown to American audiences at the time, the studio doubted that Dion would have much of an impact in the United States on her own and subsequently hired the more well-known American singer Peabo

title: Beauty and the Beast (2009 film)

text: Beauty and the Beast (2009 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 2009 Australian fantasy film directed by David Lister and starring Estella Warren, Rhett Giles, and Victor Parascos, and loosely based upon the fairy tale of the same name. The film was released in 2009 on video under that title and aired in 2010 on Syfy television as "Beauty and the Beasts: A Dark Tale". A series of horrific murders has the Beast being blamed for the crimes. Belle (Estella Warren) and Beast (Victor Parascos) must work together to investigate the crimes and discover who the true murderer is

title: Beauty and the Beast (1962 film)

text: Beauty and the Beast (1962 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 1962 American romantic fantasy film directed by Edward L. Cahn and starring Joyce Taylor and Mark Damon. It is based on the 18th century fairy tale "Beauty and the Beast" written by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont and features title creature make-up by the legendary Jack Pierce. Shot in Technicolor and distributed by United Artists, the film is the first English language live action screen adaptation of the fairy tale story. Edward Small, the film's executive producer, described it as a "fairytale for everybody - no messages, no menace."

title: Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)

text: original 1991 "Beauty and the Beast" duet song, with singer Peabo Bryson—that Dion would be performing one of the new original songs "How Does a Moment Last Forever" to play over the end titles. She originally had doubts about whether or not to record the song due to the recent death of her husband and manager René Angélil, who had previously helped her secure the 1991 pop duet. While ultimately accepting the opportunity, she said: "[The] first Beauty and the Beast decision was made with my husband. Now I'm making decisions on my own. It's a little bit harder. I

title: Beauty and the Beast (musical)

text: Beast, Ben Harlow as Gaston, Julia Goss as Mrs. Potts, Stephen Matthews as Lumiere Barry James (reprising his role from the London production) as Cogsworth, Billy Boyle (reprising his role from the London production) as Maurice, Karen Davies as Madame de la Grande Bouche, Kate Graham (reprising her role from the London production) as Babette, Anthony Clegg as LeFou, and Oliver Taylor (reprising his role from the London production) and Sion Eifion sharing the role of Chip. Notable replacements included Dianne Pilkington as Belle, Alex Bourne as the Beast, Earl Carpenter as Gaston, Marilyn Cutts as Mrs. Potts, Richard Tate

title: Beauty and the Beast (2014 film)

text: of 100, the film has a score of 39 based on 10 reviews, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Jessica Kiang of IndieWire thought the film was "immensely, crushingly boring" and Seydoux wasted in a role that required her to do little more than "heave her breasts and fall over things prettily." Beauty and the Beast (2014 film) Beauty and the Beast () is a 2014 Franco-German romantic fantasy film based on the traditional fairy tale of the same name by Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve. Written by Christophe Gans and Sandra Vo-Anh and directed by Gans, the film stars Léa Seydoux as

title: Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)

text: to the Beast, Agathe reveals herself as the enchantress and undoes the curse, repairing the crumbling castle, and reviving the Beast then turning him and his servants' human making the villagers' remember their loved ones. The Prince and Belle host a ball for the villagers, where they dance happily. In the initial theatrical release, Mitchell was miscredited as Rudi Goodman in the cast, but listed under his real name in the soundtrack credits Stephen Merchant also appeared in the film as Monsieur Toilette, a servant who was turned into a toilet. This character was cut from the film, but is

title: William Michals

text: William Michals William Paul Michals is an American stage actor and baritone singer. He has appeared as Emile de Becque in Rogers and Hammerstein’s SOUTH PACIFIC at Lincoln Center. He made his Broadway debut as “The Beast” in Disney’s BEAUTY AND THE BEAST, and later returned to play Gaston in the same production. His career continued with roles as Javert in LES MISÉRABLES, Billy Flynn in CHICAGO, Don Quixote in MAN OF LA MANCHA, Harold Hill in THE MUSIC MAN, the title role in PHANTOM OF THE OPERA and SWEENEY TODD: THE DEMON BARBER OF FLEET STREET, and recently appeared

title: Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)

text: as Belle and the Beast. Celine and Peabo also duetted at the Grammys, World Music Awards, AMA's, "Wogan", "The Tonight Show", and "Top of the Pops" later that year. The duo reunited in 1996 to perform the song for the television special "Oprah in Disneyland", while Lansbury provided an encore performance at the 25th Anniversary screening of the film. Each of the 3 respective artists have performed the song in concerts later in their careers, outside the context of Disney's "Beauty and the Beast". For example, Lansbury sang it at the 2002 Christmas concert with Mormon Tabernacle Choir. Similarly, Dion

title: Belle (Beauty and the Beast)

text: is the show's version of the Beast). She is portrayed by Australian actress Emilie de Ravin. Another live-action version of the character appeared in the 2015 television film "Descendants", where she was played by Keegan Connor Tracy and serves as the Queen of the United States of Auradon. The series "Sofia the First" included a cameo by Belle in a 2013 episode. British actress Amy Jackson who portrayed as "Belle" opposite Indian actor Vikram, who being portrayed as "Beast" for sequences in a dreamy song ""Ennodu Nee Irundhal"" in the 2015 Tamil language romantic thriller ""I"". The original prosthetic make-up

title: Gaston (Beauty and the Beast)

text: from filmmaker Jean Cocteau's 1946 film adaptation of the fairy tale into their own version of "Beauty and the Beast". Gaston, a character who does not exist in the original fairy tale, was among several elements borrowed from the live-action version of the story, based on a character Cocteau himself had created specifically for his film: Avenant, portrayed by French actor Jean Marais who also plays the Beast in a dual role. Similar to Cocteau's addition of Avenant, Gaston was created for the animated adaptation because Disney felt that the story could potentially benefit from a legitimate villain, which the

title: Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)

text: back to the singer, Bryson's Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals trophy for "Beauty and the Beast" was ultimately sold to a stranger for $15,500. Both the song's film and single versions have been included on several compilation albums released by Disney, including (1992), (1995), Disney's Superstar Hits (2004), Ultimate Disney Princess (2006), The Best Disney Album in the World ...Ever! (2006), and Now That's What I Call Disney (2011). In 2005, actress and singer Julie Andrews, a Disney Legend, included Lansbury's rendition of "Beauty and the Beast" on her album "Julie Andrews Selects Her Favorite

title: Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)

text: the Beast (voice of Robby Benson), a prince who is magically transformed into a monster and his servants into household objects as punishment for his arrogance, and Belle (voice of Paige O'Hara), a young woman whom he imprisons in his castle to become a prince again. To break the curse, Beast must learn to love Belle and earn her love in return before the last petal falls from an enchanted rose or else the Beast will remain a monster forever. The film also features the voices of Richard White, Jerry Orbach, David Ogden Stiers, and Angela Lansbury. Walt Disney first

title: Beauty and the Beast (musical)

text: cast included Julie-Alanah Brighten as Belle, Alasdair Harvey as Beast, Burke Moses as Gaston, Derek Griffiths as Lumière and Mary Millar as Mrs. Potts. The Original Stuttgart Cast Recording was released in 1998. The principal cast included Uwe Kroger as Beast and Leah Delos Santos as Belle and Ann Mandrella as Babette. The Original Madrid Cast Recording was released in 1999. The principal cast included Xenia Reguant as Belle, Carlos Marín as Beast, Lisardo Guarinos as Gaston, Víctor Ullate Roche as LeFou, Germán Torres as Lumière, David Venancio Muro as Cogsworth and Kirby Navarro as Mrs. Potts. A second cast

title: Beauty and the Beast (1992 film)

text: maid who is capable of doing magic. The beast tells Beauty that he has decided to spare her life but she cannot leave the castle. Beauty is given a comfortable room and grand clothes to wear. When she sleeps, Beauty is visited by a sinister fairy who tells her to beware of the apparent kindness of the beast. Time passes and the friendship between Beauty and the beast grows deeper. One night after dinner, the beast asks Beauty if she should like to be his wife. Beauty gently turns him down, but the beast insists that he will grant her

title: Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)


question: what features of muscle contraction can be determined from an emg (electromyogram)

answers: electric potential generated

title: Skeletal muscle

text: individual muscle group. In vitro muscle testing is used for more complete characterization of muscle properties. The electrical activity associated with muscle contraction are measured via electromyography (EMG). EMG is a common technique used in many disciplines within the Exercise and Rehab Sciences. Skeletal muscle has two physiological responses: relaxation and contraction. The mechanisms for which these responses occur generate electrical activity measured by EMG. Specifically, EMG can measure the action potential of a skeletal muscle, which occurs from the hyperpolarization of the motor axons from nerve impulses sent to the muscle (1). EMG is used in research for determining

title: Electrophysiological techniques for clinical diagnosis

text: as brain electrical activity mapping or BEAM ) The heart is the muscle that pumps oxygenated blood to the whole body. As a very active muscle, it has peculiar electrical activity that can be measured and analyzed. Electrocardiography is the measurement of these signals. Electromyography is the measurement and analysis of the electrical activity in skeletal muscles. This technique is useful for diagnosing the health of the muscle tissue and the nerves that control them. EMG measures action potentials, called Motor Unit Action Potentials (MUAPs), created during muscle contraction. A few common uses are determining whether a muscle is active

title: Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome

text: and electromyography (EMG), which is one of the standard tests in the investigation of otherwise unexplained muscle weakness. EMG involves the insertion of small needles into the muscles. NCS involves administering small electrical impulses to the nerves, on the surface of the skin, and measuring the electrical response of the muscle in question. NCS investigation in LEMS primarily involves evaluation of compound motor action potentials (CMAPs) of effected muscles and sometimes EMG single-fiber examination can be used. CMAPs show small amplitudes but normal latency and conduction velocities. If repeated impulses are administered (2 per second or 2 Hz), it is

title: Brody myopathy

text: Biopsies in individuals with BD often show variation in muscle fiber size, atrophied fast-twitch muscle fibers, and increased nuclei number. Electromyography (EMG) can be used in diagnosis to rule out myotonia, or muscle stiffness that is detected by EMG. Individuals with BD have stiff muscles but normal EMG results (pseudo-myotonia), where no myotonic discharges are detected. Genetic testing may also be used in the diagnosis of BD to look for mutations in "ATP2A1". Since only some forms of the disease are associated with "ATP2A1", results of genetic testing do not always confirm a diagnosis of BD, but are useful to

title: Electromyography

text: occurs when the EMG signal from one muscle interferes with that of another limiting reliability of the signal of the muscle being tested. Surface EMG is limited due to lack of deep muscles reliability. Deep muscles require intramuscular wires that are intrusive and painful in order to achieve an EMG signal. Surface EMG can only measure superficial muscles and even then it is hard to narrow down the signal to a single muscle. The electrical source is the muscle membrane potential of about –90 mV. Measured EMG potentials range between less than 50 μV and up to 30 mV, depending

title: Body reactivity

text: can be detected. The record of the electrical signal is called an electrocardiogram. The heart’s mechanical activity can be inferred from the ECG. The detection, amplification, and recording of changes in skin voltage produced by underlying skeletal muscle contraction is called electromyography. Motor recruitment and skeletal muscle fatigue can be examined by combining EMG and dynamometry, which measures power. Facial EMG can measure startle response in humans. Electrodermal activity describes changes in the skins ability to conduct electricity. EDA used to be known as the galvanic skin response, which is the combination of the changes in the galvanic skin resistance

title: Electromyography

text: muscles controlling bowel and bladder function. One basic function of EMG is to see how well a muscle can be activated. The most common way that can be determined is by performing a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the muscle that is being tested. Muscle force, which is measured mechanically, typically correlates highly with measures of EMG activation of muscle. Most commonly this is assessed with surface electrodes, but it should be recognized that these typically only record from muscle fibers in close approximation to the surface. Several analytical methods for determining muscle activation are commonly used depending on the

title: Neuromechanics

text: Motor nerves innervate skeletal muscles and cause contraction upon command from the central nervous system. This contraction is measured by EMG and is typically measured on the scale of millivolts (mV). Another form of EMG data that is analyzed is integrated EMG (iEMG) data. iEMG measures the area under the EMG signal which corresponds to the overall muscle effort rather than the effort at a specific instant. There are four instrumentation components used to detect these signals: (1) the signal source, (2) the transducer used to detect the signal, (3) the amplifier, and (4) the signal processing circuit. The signal

title: Acquired non-inflammatory myopathy

text: for where the muscle weakness is and how weak it is. This is performed by testing for proximal and distal muscle strength, as well as testing for any signs of neurogenic symptoms such as impaired sensation, deep tendon reflexes, and atrophy. If needed, more advanced equipment can be used to help determine whether a patient is suffering from ANIM. This includes: When examining the serum levels of muscle enzymes, the relative levels of creatine kinase, aldolase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase are closely examined. Abnormal levels of these proteins are indicative of both inflammatory myopathy and ANIM. EMGs

title: Electromyography

text: local picture of the activity of the whole muscle. Because skeletal muscles differ in the inner structure, the electrode has to be placed at various locations to obtain an accurate study. Single fiber electromyography assesses the delay between the contractions of individual muscle fibers within a motor unit and is a sensitive test for dysfunction of the neuromuscular junction caused by drugs, poisons, or diseases such as myasthenia gravis. The technique is complicated and typically only performed by individuals with special advanced training. Surface EMG is used in a number of settings; for example, in the physiotherapy clinic, muscle activation

title: Electromyography

text: usually as the result of nerve or muscle disease. Often, fibrillations are triggered by needle movement (insertional activity) and persist for several seconds or more after the movement ceases. After assessing resting and insertional activity, the electromyographer assess the activity of muscle during voluntary contraction. The shape, size, and frequency of the resulting electrical signals are judged. Then the electrode is retracted a few millimetres, and again the activity is analyzed. This is repeated, sometimes until data on 10–20 motor units have been collected in order to draw conclusions about motor unit function. Each electrode track gives only a very

title: Electromyoneurography

text: diseases, whereas an increase in these demonstrates reinervation, or repair by new nerve connections to the muscles, has occurred. Electromyoneurography Electromyoneurography (EMNG) is the combined use of electromyography and electroneurography This technique allows for the measurement of a peripheral nerve’s conduction velocity upon stimulation (electroneurography) alongside electrical recording of muscular activity (electromyography). Their combined use proves to be clinically relevant by allowing for both the source and location of a particular neuromuscular disease to be known, and for more accurate diagnoses. Electromyoneurography is a technique that uses surface electrical probes to obtain electrophysiological readings from nerve and muscle cells. The

title: Biofeedback

text: complexity of an organism, information coded biofeedback applies algorithmic calculations in a stochastic approach to identify significant probabilities in a limited set of possibilities. An electromyograph (EMG) uses surface electrodes to detect muscle action potentials from underlying skeletal muscles that initiate muscle contraction. Clinicians record the surface electromyogram (SEMG) using one or more active electrodes that are placed over a target muscle and a reference electrode that is placed within six inches of either active. The SEMG is measured in microvolts (millionths of a volt). In addition to surface electrodes, clinicians may also insert wires or needles intramuscularly to record

title: Electromyography

text: normal circumstances, very spontaneously active). When the muscle is voluntarily contracted, action potentials begin to appear. As the strength of the muscle contraction is increased, more and more muscle fibers produce action potentials. When the muscle is fully contracted, there should appear a disorderly group of action potentials of varying rates and amplitudes (a complete recruitment and interference pattern). EMG findings vary with the type of disorder, the duration of the problem, the age of the patient, the degree to which the patient can be cooperative, the type of needle electrode used to study the patient, and sampling error in

title: Electromyography

text: Electromyography (EMG) is an electrodiagnostic medicine technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. EMG is performed using an instrument called an electromyograph to produce a record called an electromyogram. An electromyograph detects the electric potential generated by muscle cells when these cells are electrically or neurologically activated.  The signals can be analyzed to detect medical abnormalities, activation level, or recruitment order, or to analyze the biomechanics of human or animal movement.

title: Electromyography

text: is monitored using surface EMG and patients have an auditory or visual stimulus to help them know when they are activating the muscle (biofeedback). A review of the literature on surface EMG published in 2008, concluded that surface EMG may be useful to detect the presence of neuromuscular disease (level C rating, class III data), but there are insufficient data to support its utility for distinguishing between neuropathic and myopathic conditions or for the diagnosis of specific neuromuscular diseases. EMGs may be useful for additional study of fatigue associated with post-poliomyelitis syndrome and electromechanical function in myotonic dystrophy (level C

title: Mechanomyogram

text: Mechanomyogram The mechanomyogram (MMG) is the mechanical signal observable from the surface of a muscle when the muscle is contracted. At the onset of muscle contraction, gross changes in the muscle shape cause a large peak in the MMG. Subsequent vibrations are due to oscillations of the muscle fibres at the resonance frequency of the muscle. The mechanomyogram is also known as the phonomyogram, acoustic myogram, sound myogram, vibromyogram or muscle sound. The MMG is a low frequency vibration that may be observed when a muscle is contracted using suitable measuring techniques. It can be measured using an accelerometer or

title: Mechanomyogram

text: a microphone placed on the skin over the belly of the muscle. When measured using a microphone is may be termed the acoustic myogram. The MMG may provide a useful alternative to the electromyogram (EMG) for monitoring muscle activity. It has a higher signal-to-noise ratio than the surface EMG and thus can be used to monitor muscle activity from deeper muscles without using invasive measurement techniques. It is currently the subject of research activity into prosthetic control and assistive technologies for the disabled. Muscle sounds were first described in print by the Jesuit scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi in a posthumous

title: Electromyography

text: of all this electrical activity is known as a motor unit action potential (MUAP). This electrophysiologic activity from multiple motor units is the signal typically evaluated during an EMG. The composition of the motor unit, the number of muscle fibres per motor unit, the metabolic type of muscle fibres and many other factors affect the shape of the motor unit potentials in the myogram. Nerve conduction testing is also often done at the same time as an EMG to diagnose neurological diseases. Some patients can find the procedure somewhat painful, whereas others experience only a small amount of discomfort when

title: Polysomnography

text: (the cornea is positively charged relative to the retina). This helps to determine when REM sleep occurs, of which rapid eye movements are characteristic, and also essentially aids in determining when sleep occurs. The electromyogram (EMG) typically uses four electrodes to measure muscle tension in the body as well as to monitor for an excessive amount of leg movements during sleep (which may be indicative of periodic limb movement disorder, PLMD). Two leads are placed on the chin with one above the jawline and one below. This, like the EOG, helps determine when sleep occurs as well as REM sleep.

title: Electromyoneurography

text: contractions). Various regions of muscle on the body are examined in an electromyoneurography test and the procedure lasts anywhere between 30–60 minutes (2–5 minutes per muscle). In addition to examining the muscles, the conduction velocity of nerve signals are measured. The nerve's ability to transmit signals is tested by inserting recording electrodes to capture the data, and signal electrodes to initiate signals down a nerve by applying a small shock. Self-generated potentials also occur naturally for recording, in addition to the artificial "shock". Evaluating a nerve's conduction velocity, together with testing potentials, allows for a beneficial diagnosis that can detect

title: Hypokalemic periodic paralysis

text: each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. Diagnosis can be achieved through a specialized form of electromyographic (EMG) testing called the long exercise test. This test measures the amplitude of a nerve response (called the Compound Muscle Action Potential or CMAP) for 40 to 50 minutes following a few minutes of exercise. In affected patients, there is a progressive fall in the amplitude of the potential. Besides the patient history or a report of serum potassium low normal or low during an attack, the long exercise test is the current standard for medical testing. Genetic diagnosis is often unreliable

title: Thyrotoxic myopathy

text: innervate the affected muscle fibers. Thyrotoxic myopathy is usually diagnosed by a neurologist who has extensive experience diagnosing neuromuscular disorders. There are many types of neuromuscular disorders that present similar physical symptoms. Extensive clinical tests are performed first to determine if there is a neuromuscular disorder and then to determine which disorder it is. Electromyography is used to diagnose myopathies by comparing muscle contraction responses to electrical stimulus. For TM results may indicate normal responses or myopathic responses depending on how the disorder has progressed. Early detection may indicate normal contractual responses while highly progressed TM may show a significant

title: Axonotmesis

text: Motor fibers injuries may involve lower motor neurons, sympathetic fibers, and or both. Assessment items include: In assessment, sensory-motor defects may be mild, moderate, or severe. Damage to motor fibers results in paralysis of the muscles. Nervous plexus injuries create more signs and symptoms from sensory-motor problems (such as brachial plexus injuries). In these cases, the prognosis depends on the amount of damage and the degree of functional impairment. Electromyography (EMG) is a medical test performed to evaluate and record the electrical activity (electromyogram) produced by skeletal muscles using an instrument called electromyograph. In axonotmesis, EMG changes (2 to 3

title: Skeletal muscle

text: if the skeletal muscle of interest is being activated, the amount of force generated, and an indicator of muscle fatigue. The two types of EMG are intra-muscular EMG and the most common, surface EMG. The EMG signals are much greater when a skeletal muscle is contracting verses relaxing. However, for smaller and deeper skeletal muscles the EMG signals are reduced and therefore are viewed as a less valued technique for measuring the activation. In research using EMG, a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) is commonly performed on the skeletal muscle of interest, to have reference data for the rest of the

title: Electromyography

text: the needle is inserted. The muscle or muscles being tested may be slightly sore for a day or two after the procedure. EMG signals are essentially made up of superimposed motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) from several motor units. For a thorough analysis, the measured EMG signals can be decomposed into their constituent MUAPs. MUAPs from different motor units tend to have different characteristic shapes, while MUAPs recorded by the same electrode from the same motor unit are typically similar. Notably MUAP size and shape depend on where the electrode is located with respect to the fibers and so can

title: Sleep and memory

text: procedure that records electrical activity along the scalp. This procedure cannot record activity from individual neurons, but instead measures the overall average electrical activity in the brain. Electrooculography (EOG) measures the difference in electrical potential between the front and the back of the eye. This does not measure a response to individual visual stimuli, but instead measures general eye movement. Electromyography (EMG) is used to records the electrical activity of skeletal muscles. A device called an electromyograph measures the electrical potential of muscle cells to monitor muscle movement. Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) measures the electrical depolarization of the heart muscles

title: Electromyography

text: terms of the number of areas studied within a single muscle and the number of muscles studied overall. Interpreting EMG findings is usually best done by an individual informed by a focused history and physical examination of the patient, and in conjunction with the results of other relevant diagnostic studies performed including most importantly, nerve conduction studies, but also, where appropriate, imaging studies such as MRI and ultrasound, muscle and nerve biopsy, muscle enzymes, and serologic studies. Abnormal results may be caused by the following medical conditions (please note this is not an exhaustive list of conditions that can result

title: Facial electromyography

text: Facial electromyography Facial electromyography (fEMG) refers to an electromyography (EMG) technique that measures muscle activity by detecting and amplifying the tiny electrical impulses that are generated by muscle fibers when they contract. It primarily focuses on two major muscle groups in the face, the corrugator supercilii group which is associated with frowning and the zygomaticus major muscle group which is associated with smiling. Facial EMG has been studied to assess its utility as a tool for measuring emotional reaction. Studies have found that activity of the corrugator muscle, which lowers the eyebrow and is involved in producing frowns, varies inversely

title: Electrical muscle stimulation

text: approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for over-the-counter sale for toning, strengthening and firming abdominal muscles. Electrical muscle stimulation Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS), also known as neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) or electromyostimulation, is the elicitation of muscle contraction using electric impulses. EMS has received an increasing amount of attention in the last few years for many reasons: it can be utilized as a strength training tool for healthy subjects and athletes; it could be used as a rehabilitation and preventive tool for partially or totally immobilized patients; it could be utilized as a testing tool for evaluating the

title: Electromyography


question: when did day light savings start in the us

answers: March 31, 1918

answers: 1918

answers: March 19, 1918

answers: March 11

title: Daylight saving time

text: which consumes about 3.5% of electricity in the United States and Canada. (For comparison, air conditioning uses 16.5% of energy in the United States.) Delaying the nominal time of sunset and sunrise reduces the use of artificial light in the evening and increases it in the morning. As Franklin's 1784 satire pointed out, lighting costs are reduced if the evening reduction outweighs the morning increase, as in high-latitude summer when most people wake up well after sunrise. An early goal of DST was to reduce evening usage of incandescent lighting, once a primary use of electricity. Although energy conservation remains

title: Daylight saving time in the United States

text: months after the change took effect. The report, released in October 2008, reported a nationwide electricity savings of 0.03% for the year of 2007. An October 2008 study conducted by the University of California at Santa Barbara for the National Bureau of Economic Research found that the 2006 DST adoption in Indiana increased energy consumption in Indiana by an average of 1%. Although consumption for lighting dropped as a result of the DST adoption, consumption for heating and cooling increased by 2% to 4%. The cost to the average Indiana household of the DST adoption was determined to be $3.29

text: specialty bulbs. The phase-out of inefficient incandescent light bulbs was supported by the Alliance to Save Energy, a coalition of light bulb manufacturers, electric utilities and conservation groups. The group estimated that lighting accounts for 22% of total U.S. electricity usage, and that eliminating incandescent bulbs completely would save $18 billion per year (equivalent to the output of 80 coal plants). Light bulb manufacturers also hoped a single national standard would prevent the enactment of conflicting bans and efficiency standards by state governments. The initial version of H.R. 6 passed the House of Representatives on January 18, 2007, by a

title: Light pollution

text: four or five million barrels of oil (equivalent) per day. Again energy audit data demonstrates that about 30–60% of energy consumed in lighting is unneeded or gratuitous. An alternative calculation starts with the fact that commercial building lighting consumes in excess of 81.68 terawatts (1999 data) of electricity, according to the U.S. DOE. Thus commercial lighting alone consumes about four to five million barrels per day (equivalent) of petroleum, in line with the alternate rationale above to estimate U.S. lighting energy consumption. Even among developed countries there are large differences in patterns of light use. American cities emit 3–5 times

text: The following table lists recent past and near future starting and ending dates of daylight saving time in the United States: Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784. His essay, “An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost of Light”, written to the editor of "The Journal of Paris", observed that Parisians could save on candles by getting out of bed earlier in the morning, making use of the natural morning light instead. Franklin's suggestion seems to have been more of a joke than a real proposal, and nothing came of it. During World War I, in an

title: Energy conservation

text: the market qualify for utility rebates that further reduce the price of purchase to the consumer. Estimates by the U.S. Department of Energy state that widespread adoption of LED lighting over the next 20 years could result in about $265 billion worth of savings in United States energy costs. The research one must put into conserving energy is often too time consuming and costly for the average consumer when there are cheaper products and technology available using today's fossil fuels. Some governments and NGOs are attempting to reduce this complexity with ecolabels that make differences in energy efficiency easy to

title: Phase-out of incandescent light bulbs

text: 2010 in favor of more energy-efficient fluorescent globes to help cut greenhouse gas emissions and household costs during her closing remarks at the Philippine Energy Summit. Once put in effect, the country will be the first in Asia to do so. The Government will stop all production, import and sales of incandescent light bulbs by or before January 2014, as part of efforts to save power and to help cut greenhouse gas emissions. Phase out of 60W and over incandescent light bulbs has been implemented from 1 January 2012. As a measure to increase awareness a national awareness campaign has

title: Charles F. Brush

text: four additional generators. Service charges for light from sundown to midnight was $10 per lamp per six day week. Brush's system was lighting Broadway two years before Edison's Pearl Street Station began lighting New York. By 1893 there were 1500 arc lights illuminating New York streets. In 1879, the Anglo-American Brush Electric Light Corporation, using Brush's inventions, was formed in Lambeth, London, England. This company eventually moved to Loughborough England and became Brush Electrical Engineering Co. Ltd. In 1880, Brush established the Brush Electric Company in the U.S. and, though successful, faced stiff competition from Thomson-Houston Electric Company, whose arc

title: History of street lighting in the United States

text: output of the fixtures. Unfortunately, some failed induction lights were spot replaced with the HPS lights that were being removed to begin with and many new installs, PSEG is still using HPS. An updated design of the induction lights is now being used and these seem more reliable and brighter than the original design. Beginning in September 2011 the City of San Diego, CA will replace some 35,000 street lights with induction lamps costing $16,000,000.00. In Mexico, the city of Linares and Acapulco also have begun the replacement of 6,500 and 42,000 street lights with induction lamps from Amko SOLARA

title: Daylight saving time

text: benefits. A 2017 meta-analysis of 44 studies found that DST leads to electricity savings of only 0.34% during the days when DST applies. The meta-analysis furthermore found that "electricity savings are larger for countries farther away from the equator, while subtropical regions consume more electricity because of DST." This means that DST may conserve electricity in some countries, such as Canada and the United Kingdom, but be wasteful in other places, such as Mexico, the southern United States, and northern Africa. The savings in electricity may also be offset by extra use of other types of energy, such as heating

title: Phase-out of incandescent light bulbs

text: banned the sale of light bulbs over 40W on 1 January 2017. The UK government announced in 2007 that incandescent bulbs would be phased out by 2011. In 2008, the Irish government announced a phase-out of the sale of any light bulbs with a luminous efficiency of less than 16 lumens per watt. Shortly afterwards, all member states of the EU agreed to a progressive phase-out of incandescent light bulbs by 2012. The initial Europe wide ban only applied to general-purpose, non-directional incandescent bulbs, so did not affect any bulbs with reflective surfaces (e.g. spotlights and halogen down lighters) or

title: LED lamp

text: that costs £2 (about $3 U.S.), is 12 times as energy efficient as a tungsten lamp, and lasts for 100,000 hours. , in the opinion of Noah Horowitz of the Natural Resources Defense Council, new standards proposed by the United States Department of Energy would likely mean most light bulbs used in the future would be LED. In 2008 Sentry Equipment Corporation in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, US, was able to light its new factory interior and exterior almost solely with LEDs. Initial cost was three times that of a traditional mix of incandescent and fluorescent lamps, but the extra cost was

title: Phase-out of incandescent light bulbs

text: U.S. House passed the final 2012 budget legislation, which effectively delayed the implementation until October 2012. In 2014 the spending bill proposed by the House effectively blocked the energy efficiency standards in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, which would have made incandescent light bulbs obsolete. As of 2018, incandescent bulbs are set to be banned in the United States in 2020. In February 2007, Australia enacted a law that will, in effect, by legislating efficiency standards, disallow most sales of incandescent light bulbs by 2010. The Australian Federal Government announced minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for lighting

title: Electric light

text: higher efficiency than incandescent lamps. For the same amount of light generated, they typically use around one-quarter to one-third the power of an incandescent. The typical luminous efficacy of fluorescent lighting systems is 50–100 lumens per watt, several times the efficacy of incandescent bulbs with comparable light output. Fluorescent lamp fixtures are more costly than incandescent lamps because they require a ballast to regulate the current through the lamp, but the lower energy cost typically offsets the higher initial cost. Compact fluorescent lamps are now available in the same popular sizes as incandescents and are used as an energy-saving alternative

title: Energy Efficiency Services Limited

text: scheme which will save 2.4 lakh kWh and Rs 8.2 lakh per day to the consumers. The price difference is Rs. 500 which is the primary reason for its low penetration, along with the lack of awareness. With the usage of these energy efficient fans it is estimated that consumer’s electricity bills will reduce by about Rs. 700-730 per year, and recover the extra cost in less than 2 years. Tube lights are a vital light source in residential and commercial usage. Thus after LED bulbs, UJALA expanded to include affordable LED tube lights. The government of India launched distribution

text: efficiency at lower wattages. Usually, when an MV light is replaced, it is replaced with a HPS light of a lower wattage, for example, a 175 watt MV fixture will get replaced with a 100 or 150 watt HPS fixture as that will meet or exceed the lumen output of the 175 watt MV fixture. At end of life MV lamps just become dimmer and sometimes color shift towards the green end of the spectrum but continue to consume the same amount of electricity. HPS lamps begin to suffer end-of-life cycling before the amount of useful light becomes visibly diminished,

title: Compact fluorescent lamp

text: CFLs use between one-seventh and one-third of the power of equivalent incandescent lamps. Fifty to seventy percent of the world's total lighting market sales were incandescent in 2010. Replacing all inefficient lighting with CFLs would save per year, 2.5% of the world's electricity consumption. In the US, it is estimated that replacing all the incandescents would save 80 TWh yearly. Since CFLs use much less energy than incandescent lamps (ILs), a phase-out of ILs would result in less carbon dioxide () being emitted into the atmosphere. Exchanging ILs for efficient CFLs on a global scale would achieve annual reductions of

title: Street light

text: also improves the luminous efficiency of the light. As of 2017, globally 70% of all electricity was generated by burning fossil fuels, a source of air pollution and greenhouse gases, and also globally there are approximately 300 million street lights using that electricity. Cities are exploring more efficient energy use, reducing street light power consumption by dimming lights during off-peak hours and switching to high-efficiency LED lamps. A British county council has turned off 5% of its street lights on a trial basis. Typical collector road lighting in New York State costs $6400/mile/year for high pressure sodium at 8.5 kW/mile

title: Compact fluorescent lamp

text: electricity. Look at your utility bill and imagine a 12% discount to estimate the savings." CFLs are extremely cost-effective in commercial buildings when used to replace incandescent lamps. Using average U.S. commercial electricity and gas rates for 2006, a 2008 article found that replacing each 75 W incandescent lamp with a CFL resulted in yearly savings of $22 in energy usage, reduced HVAC cost, and reduced labour to change lamps. The incremental capital investment of $2 per fixture is typically paid back in about one month. Savings are greater and payback periods shorter in regions with higher electric rates and,

title: Compact fluorescent lamp

text: lighting fixtures. In Winnipeg, Canada, it was estimated that CFLs would only generate 17% savings in energy compared to incandescent bulbs, as opposed to the 75% savings that could have been expected without space heating considerations. While the purchase price of a CFL is typically 3–10 times greater than that of an equivalent incandescent lamp, a CFL lasts 8–15 times longer and uses two-thirds to three-quarters less energy. A US article stated "A household that invested $90 in changing 30 fixtures to CFLs would save $440 to $1,500 over the five-year life of the bulbs, depending on your cost of

title: Energy Efficiency Services Limited

text: with smart and energy efficient LED street lights by March, 2019. For the programme, the total connected load of street lights across the country of around 3400 MW, can be reduced to 1400 MW, saving 9 billion KWh and Rs. 5,500 crore to municipalities annually. Use of LEDs in public lighting can save more than 50% of energy consumption. A total of 19.6 lakh LED street lights were already replaced, saving 7.5 lakh kWh per day, avoid capacity of 68.5 MW and reducing 627 t of CO2. In the power sector, agricultural demand-side management (AgDSM) is the set of activities,

title: Energy conservation

text: is the energy savings that can be made by replacing an incandescent light bulb with a more modern alternative. When purchasing light bulbs, many consumers opt for cheap incandescent bulbs, failing to take into account their higher energy costs and lower lifespans when compared to modern compact fluorescent and LED bulbs. Although these energy-efficient alternatives have a higher upfront cost, their long lifespan and low energy use can save consumers a considerable amount of money. The price of LED bulbs has also been steadily decreasing in the past five years due to improvements in semiconductor technology. Many LED bulbs on

title: United States lighting energy policy

text: required by such provisions will reduce overall carbon dioxide emissions by 20% in the United States by 2025; and (3) such phase-out will not pose any health risks, including risks associated with mercury containment in certain light bulbs, to consumers of the general public, including health risks with respect to hospitals, schools, day care centers, mental health facilities, and nursing homes. This report would also include monthly and yearly projections of expenses for electric bills and new light fixtures from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017. Federal legislators, as well as state lawmakers in places like South Carolina, had

title: National Christmas Tree (United States)

text: of LED lights had increased to 81,104, the number of strings had been reduced to 750. The National Christmas Tree and Pathway of Peace trees consumed 7,000 watts over four weeks in 2010, at a cost of about $180 per day. (The National Christmas Tree alone consumed 2,000 watts per day in 2011.) The lighting scheme used 60,000 LED lights and 265 spherical ornaments in 2013, while consuming just 5700 watts of energy. It took of incandescent lights (containing 225 small bulbs) and about 50 ornaments to decorate each state tree in 1999. By 2008, after the switch to LED

title: Time in Portugal

text: setting at 22:00 or 22:30, so the sky was only completely dark towards midnight. A company hired by European Commission conducted a study which concluded that, in fact, there were no energy savings because in the early morning, due to the dark, workers turned on lights in their offices, and they forgot to turn them off, leaving them switched on for the rest of the morning, which increased energy consumption. Concerns also emerged concerns about the effect of the coincidence of rush hours with the hottest hours of the day on air pollution.<ref name="Decree-Law 17/96"> Decree-Law 17/96, 8 March 1996

title: Daylight saving time

text: fuel. The period of Daylight Saving Time before the longest day is shorter than the period after, in several countries including the United States and Europe. For example, in the U.S. the period of Daylight Saving Time is defined by the Energy Policy Act of 2005. The period for Daylight Saving Time was extended by changing the start date from the first Sunday of April to the second Sunday of March, and the end date from the last Sunday in October to the first Sunday in November. DST's potential to save energy comes primarily from its effects on residential lighting,

title: Energy policy of Finland

text: In the EU politics Finnish government supported the delay in the banning of the incandescent lightbulbs. According to the national state owned energy center Motiva banning of incandescent lightbulbs will save 5.8% of households electricity (1.1 TWh) in Finland. The lightbulbs banning is not restricted in households but concern also other sectors lighting, like industry, service, agriculture and public lighting, making the total national percentage lower and total energy savings higher than the above given numbers 5.8% of electricity 1.1 TWh. Motiva calculation may have used average year consumption instead of the specific year e.g. 2006. According to the statistics

title: Electric light

text: lamp in some countries, such as Australia, which has banned standard inefficient incandescent bulbs through a three-year phase out that started in 2009. Sri Lanka has already banned importing filament bulbs because of high use of electricity and less light. Less than 3% of the input energy is converted into usable light. Nearly all of the input energy ends up as heat that, in warm climates, must then be removed from the building by ventilation or air conditioning, often resulting in more energy consumption. In colder climates where heating and lighting is required during the cold and dark winter months,

title: Incandescent light bulb

text: calculated that the ban contributes 5 to 10 billion euros to the economy and saves 40 TWh of electricity every year, translating in CO2 emission reductions of 15 million tonnes. In the US, federal law has scheduled the most common incandescent light bulbs to be phased out by 2014, to be replaced with more energy-efficient light bulbs. Traditional incandescent light bulbs were phased out in Australia in November 2009. Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. Some people have concerns about the health

long_answer: During World War I, in an effort to conserve fuel, Germany began observing DST on May 1, 1916. The rest of Europe soon followed. The plan was not adopted in the United States until the Standard Time Act of March 19, 1918, which confirmed the existing standard time zone system and set summer DST to begin on March 31, 1918 (reverting October 27). The idea was unpopular and Congress abolished DST after the war, overriding President Woodrow Wilson's veto. DST became a local option and was observed in some states until World War II, when President Franklin Roosevelt instituted year-round DST, called "War Time", on February 9, 1942. It lasted until the last Sunday (the 30th) in September 1945. After 1945 many states and cities east of the Mississippi River (and mostly north of the Ohio and Potomac rivers) adopted summer DST.