question: who has the best batting average in test cricket

answers: Australia's Sir Donald Bradman

answers: Don Bradman

answers: Sir Donald Bradman

title: Jonathan Wells (cricketer)

text: Adelaide Strikers with 68 and 58 respectively. He was among Tasmania's best batsmen for the season. He had the team's third best batting average in the Sheffield Shield and was their third-highest run scorer in one day matches. Regardless of his improvement, after playing 35 first-class matches and 26 one-day matches for Tasmania, he was again cut from their contract list. He moved to Western Australia, seeking more opportunities to play first-class and one-day cricket, but he was kept on by the Hurricanes for Twenty20 matches. Despite not being contracted to Western Australia in the 2015-16 season, he was named

title: Women's Test cricket

text: cricket; the highest of these was the 242 runs scored by Pakistan's Kiran Baluch against the West Indies in 2004. Mary Duggan, who played for England between 1949 and 1963 is the leading wicket-taker in women's Test cricket, claiming 77 wickets from 17 matches. The next most prolific bowler is Australia's Betty Wilson, who claimed her 68 wickets at the lowest bowling average, 11.80 and the first hat-trick in Women's Test cricket. Both of the players with the best bowling figures, in an innings and in a match, are from the Indian subcontinent; India's Neetu David holds the record for

title: Sydney Cricket Club

text: Nathan Bracken and Ireland 2007 World Cup hero Jeremy Bray. The highest first grade run scorer of all time is, however, former opening batsman Greg Hayne, who retired at the end of the 2006/07 season, who also heads the list of those who have scored the most centuries for the club. Following the decision to merge with the SCG Trust the club has experienced a significant financial windfall, allowing them to assemble one of the better squads in the competition, including the purchase of recently de-listed players Dominic Thornley and Daniel Smith and English representatives Joe Denly and Sam Northeast.

title: Jason Gillespie

text: named man of the series after taking 8 wickets and making a double century in the two Tests but was never selected to play for Australia again. Gillespie occasionally proved his worth with the bat, with a highest Test score of 201 not out and an average of 18.73. He is the only player in Test cricket with a career batting average of less than 20 to reach 200 runs in an innings. He demonstrated a solid defensive game, known amongst teammates as 'The Walking Forward Defence', and despite not regularly making big scores, he was a difficult batsman to

title: Women's Test cricket

text: such as the most runs during a career, are dominated by players from those three nations. England's Jan Brittin has scored the most runs during her career, totalling 1,935 during her 27 matches, and 18 of the top twenty players come from either Australia, England or New Zealand. The Australian batsman Denise Annetts, who is 15th on that list, has the highest batting average, 81.90, from her ten matches. Annetts was also involved in the largest partnership in women's Test cricket, sharing a stand of 309 runs with Lindsay Reeler in 1987. Seven women have scored double centuries in Test

title: Emily Drumm

text: most number of runs on a single ground in Women's ODI history(815 runs at Bert Sutcliffe Oval,Lincoln) Drumm holds the record for the highest individual test score posted by a woman cricketer in Women's test history when batting at number 5 position or lower(161*) Drumm's teammates are Rebecca Rolls, Suzie Bates, Katie Pulford and Paula Flannery. She has also played for Auckland Hearts and Northern Districts Spirit in the State League. Emily Drumm Emily Cecilia Drumm MNZM (born 15 September 1974) is a cricketer, who has captained New Zealand in 41 women's one-day internationals, winning 28 of them, losing 12

title: Steve Smith (cricketer)

text: the equal second-fastest player and also the youngest Australian, ever to do so. Smith garnered praise from opponent captain Joe Root for leading the team from the front, and in Root's opinion Smith was the difference between the two teams during 2017–18 Ashes series. Smith was the highest run scorer in the series, scoring 687 runs at an average of 137.40, including three centuries and two fifties. Smith was rested for the T20 series against New Zealand and England so he could prepare for the South African Tests. The series was marred by controversial incidents on and off field. Australia

title: Mohammad Yousuf (cricketer, born 1974)

text: at an average above 50 (2nd highest batting average amongst all Pakistani batsmen) with 24 Test centuries. He has the record of scoring the most runs without being dismissed in the One Day International match, with a total of 405 runs against Zimbabwe in Zimbabwe in 2002–2003. He has also scored a 23-ball fifty and a 68-ball hundred in One Day International. In Test match, he has scored a 27-ball fifty, which is 3rd fastest by any player. He was the top scorer during the successive years of 2002 and 2003 in the world in One Day International match. In

title: Mahela Jayawardene

text: Council as the best international captain of the year and was nominated in 2007 as the best Test cricket player of the year. He is also known for his fielding skills in the inner ring, with a report prepared by Cricinfo in late 2005 showing that since the 1999 Cricket World Cup, he had affected the most number of run-outs in ODI cricket of any fieldsman, with the fifth highest run-out/match ratio in ODI's. Statistics also reveal that "c Jayawardene b Muralitharan" is the most common bowler-fielder combination in the history of Test cricket. Jayawardene also worked as an international

title: Andy Flower

text: and 32 stumpings. He holds the Zimbabwean records for the most Test career runs, the highest Test batting average, and most ODI career runs. He is the only Zimbabwean in the ICC's Top 100 All-time Test Batting rankings at number 31 (November 2013), putting him in the company of Brian Lara (ranked 23), Sachin Tendulkar (29), Steve Waugh (equal 31 with Flower on 895 points) and Rahul Dravid (33). His aggregate score of 341 in the first Test against South Africa in 2001 is the second highest ever by a batsman on the losing side. Andy Flower is also the

title: Trans-Tasman Trophy

text: while New Zealand (nicknamed the Black Caps) have won 3, the remaining 4 ending in draws. Australia's Allan Border is the most successful batsman in the history of the trophy, scoring 1,356 runs in 25 innings at an average of 61.63. New Zealand's Ross Taylor holds the record for the highest score in the trophy's history, with 290 in the second innings of the second Test of the 2015–16 series in Australia. Taylor's score surpassed the previous record set in the same Test; Australian David Warner struck 253 in the first innings. Australian spin bowler Shane Warne has taken the

title: All-rounder

text: the better) should be greater than his/her bowling average (the lower the better). In Test cricket, only three all-rounders have batting averages that are 20 greater than their bowling average over their entire careers: Garfield Sobers, Jacques Kallis and Wally Hammond. However, some other players have achieved such a differential over significant parts of their careers, such as Kapil Dev, Imran Khan and Shane Watson. (Michael Slater had a batting average of 42.8 and a bowling average of 10.0, but cases such as his are usually excluded by specifying a minimum number of matches, runs or wickets; Slater took only

title: Craig Wishart

text: Craig Wishart Craig Brian Wishart (born 9 January 1974) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer, who played Tests and ODIs for 10 years. He played domestic cricket for Mashonaland and Midlands as well as the Zimbabwean national team. Currently he is self-employed in Zimbabwe and plays social cricket there. Wishart made his Test debut in 1995 in Harare. He has a Test record batting score of 114, with a 22.40 batting average, and a one-day record batting score of 172 not out, achieved against Namibia in the 2003 Cricket World Cup, the sixth highest in World Cup history and the highest

title: Basin Reserve

text: with top wicket taker being Chris Martin with 58 although he only has the 13th best bowling average on the ground. Brendon McCullum has the highest innings 302, and is the first Black Cap to pass 300 runs in a test. The previous highest score at the ground and for any NZ test cricketer was the 299 runs by Martin Crowe in 1991 Almost a year later in 2015, Kumar Sangakkara scored his 12000th test runs and his 11th double century there while McCullum dropped three catches and scored a two-ball duck in the first innings. It is also a

title: Batting average

title: David Warner (cricketer)

text: held by David Hussey. Warner played for Sydney Sixers in 2012–13 season. Warner has played for English County Champions Durham for the English cricket domestic season. Warner has been one of the most successful batsmen in the Indian Premier League. He has represented the Sunrisers Hyderabad, and played a pivotal role at the top of the order. He holds the records for the most runs by an overseas player (4014), most half-centuries (35) and the highest individual score by a captain (126) in the IPL. Warner was signed by IPL team Delhi Daredevils for 2009–10 seasons. During the 2009 tournament

title: Frank Worrell Trophy

text: West Indian fast bowler Courtney Walsh has taken the most wickets in the trophy, with 135 over 38 matches, at an average of 28.68, while Australia's Graham McKenzie has the best bowling figures of 8 wickets for 71 runs, achieved in the second Test of the 1968–69 series. Australian Mark Waugh has taken the most catches, with 45 in 28 matches, while West Indian Jeff Dujon is the most successful wicketkeeper, making 84 dismissals in 23 matches. Frank Worrell became the first black captain of the West Indies cricket team prior to their 1960–61 tour of Australia. The first Test

title: Twenty20 International

text: New Zealand's target and win the match. Martin Guptill has accrued the most runs in the format, and is the only batsman to have scored more than 2,200 runs. Aaron Finch has made the two highest individual scores in T20Is, with his innings of 172 against Zimbabwe in 2018 eclipsing his previous record of 156, against England in 2013. Pakistani bowler Shahid Afridi holds the records for the most wickets, having taken 98 wickets in 99 matches. Sri Lanka's Ajantha Mendis has recorded the best two set of bowling figures in T20Is, and is the first bowler to have taken

title: Chris Martin (cricketer)

text: the rather dubious honour of belonging to a select group of cricketers whose number of wickets taken exceeds runs scored; Bhagwat Chandrasekhar is the only other cricketer to have achieved this “honour” (assuming a qualification of 30 Tests played), and only Alf Hall and Holcombe “Hopper” Read – both of whom played when pitches were uncovered – have played Test cricket and finished with a lower first-class batting average. Martin also holds the record for the most pairs recorded in Test match history(7). On 9 January 2011, Martin notched up the milestone of 100 career Test match runs in the

title: Australia national cricket team

text: in 1930), the most number of runs (6996), the most number of centuries (29), the most number of double centuries and the highest Test and first-class batting averages. His record for the highest Test batting average – 99.94 – has never been beaten. It is almost 40 runs per innings above the next highest average. He would have finished with an average of over 100 runs per innings if he had not been dismissed for a duck in his last Test. He was knighted in 1949 for services to cricket. He is generally considered one of Australia's greatest sporting heroes.

title: Indian cricket team in Australia in 2014–15

text: as well before he was stumped for 28 off the bowling of R Ashwin. Smith (128*) and Ryan Harris (10*) led Australia to lunch at 7/389. Harris came out after lunch and annoyed the Indian bowlers as he smashed 74, his highest test score, before he was given lbw. Nathan Lyon (11) and Smith (192) fell in quick succession after that as Australia were bowled out for 530 at the tea break. Murali Vijay and Shikhar Dhawan put on a 55-run opening stand until Dhawan (28) wasted another start when he edged one to slip. Vijay (55*) and Cheteshwar Pujara

title: Shikhar Dhawan

text: before lunch break on the first day of a test match against Afghanistan who were playing their first ever test match at Bangalore in the one-off test match. Dhawan was awarded the Player of the Series for scoring 117 runs in 2 innings, at an average of 58.50, with knocks of a "42-ball" 76 and a "22-ball" 41, in the T20I series of India tour of Australia 2018/19, as India has drawn the 3-match series 1-1. He played for the Delhi Daredevils in the Indian Premier League and made 4 half centuries. He was also the third-highest scorer of the

text: over – the highest for a Test played in Australia and the ninth highest ever. Steve Smith won his first toss and decided to bat on Day 1 of the Boxing Day Test. David Warner (0) fell early with the score at 1/0. Chris Rogers (46*) and Shane Watson (40*) put on a 92-run stand and led Australia out of trouble as they reached 1/92 at lunch. The pair put on another 23 runs before Rogers (57) was caught behind and Watson (52) fell lbw shortly after. Shaun Marsh (32*) and captain Steve Smith (23*) put on a 59-run partnership

text: a record. Australia batted first after Hassett won the toss, and the opening pair of Brown and Morris put on 139. Brown scored his third century in succession, before being out lbw to Indian Test player Abdul Hafeez Kardar for 108. Morris, Loxton, McCool and Ring all reached 50 as the Australians posted 431. Oxford's best batting performance came in the form of a 75-run partnership between Geoffrey Keighley and Kardar in their first innings, resisting the spin bowlers on the dry wicket. Despite Kardar's innings of 54 and 29, the top-score in both innings, Australia won by an innings

title: West Torrens Cricket Club

text: Warriors. Peter George represented Australia in a single Test Match in India while Dan Cullen has also represented Australia in One-Day and Test Match cricket. Batting Most runs in career: Andrew Haslett, 6781 runs Most runs in a season: Paul Nobes, 974 runs @ 88.54 in 1987-88 Best Bowling: Ross McLennan, 10/39 vs University @ Thebarton Voal, Feb 1958 Highest Team Score: 492 vs P. Adelaide at Adelaide Oval, March 1936 Bowling Most wickets in career: Percy Combe, 623 wickets Most wickets in a season: Graham Stanford, 72 wkts @ 10.87 in 1971-72 Highest Score: Merv Waite, 339 v P.

title: Shivnarine Chanderpaul

text: in ODI cricket, hitting 149 not out in a losing cause against India. Later that year, he was the top-scorer for the West Indies during their series against England, aggregating 446 runs in three Tests at an average of almost 150. His achievements during the series earned him the man of the series accolade, and saw him named as one of the five Cricketers of the Year by the "Wisden Cricketers' Almanack". He was especially praised by "Wisden" for his third instance of batting for 1,000 or more minutes without being dismissed, and for his century in the third Test

title: Don Bradman with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948

text: centuries, the most by any player. The next most prolific scorer was Morris with 1922 runs, and Hassett had the next best average with 74.42. His highest score of the tour was 187 against Essex, and he reached 150 on four occasions. Despite his success, he also gained attention for his troubles against Alec Bedser's leg trap; Bradman was dismissed three consecutive times in the Tests in this manner, and twice outside the Tests to other bowlers using the same ploy. Robertson-Glasgow said "at last his batting showed human fallibility. Often, especially at the start of the innings, he played

title: Colin Stuart (cricketer)

text: over. Stuart replaced him, only to be banned from bowling for the remainder of Sri Lanka's innings, by the umpire, John Hampshire, after delivering two high, fast full-tosses (called as no-balls) in his first three balls. Chris Gayle then bowled the final three legitimate deliveries of the over. Colin Stuart (cricketer) Colin Ellsworth Laurie Stuart (born September 28, 1973 in Georgetown) is a Guyanese cricketer, who has played for the West Indies. In six Tests, Stuart, who is a right-hand batsman, has a batting average of 3.42 average, and as a right-arm, medium-fast bowler, has taken twenty wickets with a

title: Steve Smith (cricketer)

text: was RPS's highest run scorer in the tournament, scoring 472 runs at an average of 39.33, including three fifties. In February 2018, he was named as captain of Rajasthan Royals for the upcoming IPL 2018. However, following his admission of involvement in the Australian test side's ball tampering controversy in the Third Test in South Africa in March 2018, it was announced by the team that Smith has stood down from that role and Ajinkya Rahane took charge as the new captain for Rajasthan Royals team. On 28 March 2018, after being banned by Cricket Australia for his involvement in

title: Brad Hodge

text: Season]]. He was signed by Peshawar Zalmi in 2016 PSL Season. Brad Hodge Bradley John Hodge (born 29 December 1974) is a former Australian cricketer. He attended St. Bede's College in Mentone, Victoria. He is a right-handed batsman who bats in the middle order, as well as a part-time right-arm off-spin bowler. Hodge was a prolific run-scorer in domestic cricket, holding the records for the most runs (5,597) and most centuries (20) in Australian interstate one-day matches. He is also Victoria's highest ever run-scorer in the Sheffield Shield (10,474 runs). However, his opportunities to represent Australia were limited to six

title: Batting average

long_answer: Career records for batting average are usually subject to a minimum qualification of 20 innings played or completed, in order to exclude batsmen who have not played enough games for their skill to be reliably assessed. Under this qualification, the highest Test batting average belongs to Australia's Sir Donald Bradman, with 99.94. Given that a career batting average over 50 is exceptional, and that only five other players have averages over 60, this is an outstanding statistic. The fact that Bradman's average is so far above that of any other cricketer has led several statisticians to argue that, statistically at least, he was the greatest athlete in any sport.

short_answers:
Australia's Sir Donald Bradman
Sir Donald Bradman


question: where does the last name andersen originate from

answers: Danish

answers: Norwegian

title: Hjalmar Andersen

text: Andersen was born on Rødøy, an island off the coast of Nordland in Norway, where his mother hailed from. His father, who originally was from Hammerfest, was a boatswain. While Andersen was still an toddler, the family moved to Lademoen, a working-class neighborhood in Trondheim, where sport and friendship was an important part of life. He began speed skating at the age of 10, and became a member of the sports club Falken. The club was part of the Workers' Sports Federation (AIF), and the first competitions he participated in were small, local competitions organized by the AIF. Other members

title: Nels Andersen

text: Nels Andersen Nels Andersen (January 15, 1891 – May 4, 1961) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. An emigrant from Denmark, Andersen was born on January 15, 1891. He married Anna M. Knutzen in 1925 and they settled in Ford, Wisconsin in 1928. Andetrsen died on May 4, 1961 and was buried in Gilman, Taylor County, Wisconsin. Andersen was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly as a Republican during the 1947 and 1949 sessions. In addition, he was Town Chairman (similar to Mayor) and a member of the School Board of Ford and Chairman of the County

title: Nels Andersen

text: Board of Taylor County, Wisconsin. Andersen was a director of the Taylor County National Farm Loan Association. Nels Andersen Nels Andersen (January 15, 1891 – May 4, 1961) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. An emigrant from Denmark, Andersen was born on January 15, 1891. He married Anna M. Knutzen in 1925 and they settled in Ford, Wisconsin in 1928. Andetrsen died on May 4, 1961 and was buried in Gilman, Taylor County, Wisconsin. Andersen was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly as a Republican during the 1947 and 1949 sessions. In addition, he was Town Chairman

title: Elmer L. Andersen

text: on March 3, 1925, with Andersen at her bedside. Within a year, his father also died, of a heart attack on a street in Chicago. Andersen graduated from high school in 1926 and became a member of the first class of the newly established Muskegon Junior College. Upon graduating two years later, he received the first diploma awarded by the school. While in college, he held a sales job with J. J. Fagan and Company, a real estate firm, and also worked as a stringer for the Muskegon "Chronicle", while starting a newspaper for the junior college. Not long after,

title: Elmer L. Andersen

text: Elmer L. Andersen Elmer Lee Andersen (June 17, 1909 – November 15, 2004) was an American businessman, philanthropist, and the 30th Governor of Minnesota, serving a single term from January 2, 1961, to March 25, 1963, as a Republican. Andersen was born in Chicago, Illinois. His mother, Jennie Olivia Johnson (1877–1925), was the daughter of a seaman from Luleå, in northern Sweden, who came to America as a young man and worked in the timbering business. Elmer's father, Arne Kjelsberg Andersen (1866–1926), was an immigrant from Solør, Norway, who had settled in Chicago and became a streetcar motorman, operating on

title: H. Verlan Andersen

text: Hans Andersen and Mynoa Richardson, and spent his earliest years on a dry farm in Blue Creek, Utah. He was baptized by his father on May 6, 1923, and the next year his family moved to Virden, New Mexico to be closer to his Andersen and Richardson grandparents in the Gila Valley. His paternal grandfather, Andrew Andersen, was from Otterup, Denmark and his paternal grandmother, Janet Henderson, was from Haddington, Scotland. His paternal grandparents both emigrated to America after joining the LDS Church. After stints in Utah and Mexico, Andrew and Janet settled in Virden, where Andersen's parents, Hans and

title: Anderson (surname)

text: most common surname in both countries - see Andersen. The Scandinavian forms "Andersson" and "Andersen" were often rendered as "Anderson" by immigrants to the English-speaking countries, whereby the latter form became one of the most common surnames in Anglophone North America. The name was eleventh-most common surname reported in the 1990 United States census, accounting for 0.3% of the population. It was the twelfth-most common surname reported in the 2000 United States Census. Anderson is also one of the most popular surnames in Canada. Other spelling variations include: Andison, Andersonne, Andersoun, Andirsoone, Andresoun, Androson, Andirston, Andresson, Andrewson, and Andresen. Notable

title: Herman Carl Andersen

text: Herman Carl Andersen Herman Carl Andersen (January 27, 1897 – July 26, 1978) was a U.S. Representative from Minnesota Herman Carl Andersen was born in Newcastle, Washington. He was the son of Charles Carl Andersen (1858-1940?) and Lorena Nielson (1868–1946). Charles C. Andersen had emigrated from Denmark to the United States in the late 1870s. The family moved to a farm near Tyler, Minnesota in 1901. Andersen's father returned to mining and became superintendent of a large coal mine owned by Northern Pacific Railway at Red Lodge, Montana, where Andersen graduated from high school in 1913. He attended the University

title: Erik Andersen (child molester)

text: a case from Bergen in 1980. The police realized that this was the same offender in the autumn of 2007. Erik Andersen Hylkje in Bergen, Norway who ran his own garage, Erik Andersen Lakkeringsverksted. Andersen has been active in motor sports for several years, particularly as a trainer in Bergen Trial Team. He is divorced and has two children. Andersen sometimes spelled his name as Eric Andersen, despite the fact that his legal name is Erik Andersen. He was identified on the front cover of "Verdens Gang", the largest newspaper of Norway, on August 22, 2009. He was also identified

title: Elmer L. Andersen

text: quite a serious undertaking." At the age of fourteen, Andersen joined his brothers at the Sheldon furniture factory. He also wrote short essays on birds that were published in the Muskegon "Chronicle". "The thrill I had seeing those columns in print was the start of an abiding attraction to the newspaper business." Andersen's mother was devoted to church work and saw to it that the children were raised in the Lutheran church; Andersen was confirmed at Our Savior's Lutheran Church in Muskegon. During the winter of 1925, his mother contracted a cold that developed into pneumonia. She died at home

title: Eric Andersen

text: Eric Andersen Eric Andersen (born February 14, 1943) is an American folk music singer-songwriter, who has written songs recorded by Johnny Cash, Bob Dylan, Judy Collins, Linda Ronstadt, the Grateful Dead and many others. Early in his career, in the 1960s, he was part of the Greenwich Village folk scene. After two decades and sixteen albums of solo performance he became a member of the group Danko/Fjeld/Andersen. Since the late 1990s, he has resumed his solo career. Andersen is still recording and performing live in Europe, Japan and North America. Eric Andersen's grandfather emigrated from Norway. Eric Andersen was born

title: Elmer L. Andersen

text: the Halsted streetcar line out of the Ashland Avenue car barns. "My earliest memory," Andersen wrote in his memoirs, "is of riding with him on the streetcar and being permitted to clang the bell as we came to street crossings." His parents separated when he was six years old. Andersen never understood why his parents separated and never questioned them. Elmer moved with his mother and infant sister, Caroline, to Muskegon, Michigan. His two older brothers, Arnold and Marvin, arrived in Muskegon later. The Andersens had only sporadic contact with their father after the separation. At the age of nine

title: Chris Poldberg Farmstead

text: V. Andersen, and the barn, machine shed, and hog house by Jacksonville carpenter gangs. Chris Poldberg was born in Denmark in 1862. His original surname was Andersen, but he changed it to avoid confusion with the multiple families in the area whose name was Andersen. He immigrated to the United States in 1885, and settled in Elk Horn, Iowa where he worked as a farm hand. Three year later he married Mary Hoogensen Smith, a widow, and they settled on her farm. Her late husband, Fred Smith, bought the farm from the railroad in 1880. The farm was expanded to

title: Anderson (surname)

text: "Andrew" as associated with the Patron Saint of Scotland and the largest grouping lies in the north-east of Scotland from the Mearns through Aberdeenshire, Banff and Moray. In England, the very first recorded spelling of the family name is probably that of William Andreu, which was dated 1237, in the ancient charters of the county of Buckinghamshire, England, in the year 1237. Anderson is the eighth most frequent surname in Scotland and 52nd most common in England. In Sweden, the form "Andersson" is the most common surname. In Norway and Denmark, the form "Andersen" is quite common, being the fifth

title: Andersen

text: Andersen (Danish pronunciation: [ˈɑnɐsn̩]) is a Danish-Norwegian patronymic surname meaning "son of Anders" (itself derived from the Greek name "Ανδρέας/Andreas", cf.  English Andrew). It is the fifth most common surname in Denmark, shared by about 3.2% of the population.

title: Eric Andersen

text: in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and grew up in Snyder, New York, a suburb of Buffalo. Elvis Presley made an impression on him when 15-year-old Andersen saw him perform. He moved to Boston and then San Francisco, where he met Tom Paxton, finally settling in New York City at the height of the Greenwich Village folk movement. Andersen was a resident of Woodstock, New York, between 1975 and 1983. He then moved to Oslo, Norway, and maintained a residence in New York City. He currently lives in the Netherlands. He was at one point married to former Cambridge folksinger Debbie Green, who

title: Anton Marius Andersen

text: Anton Marius Andersen Anton Marius Andersen (March 8, 1847 - October 23, 1941) was an American Lutheran minister and the founding President of Trinity Seminary at Dana College. A. M. Andersen was born in Denmark, the son of Anders Jorgensen. He was one of seven children of a pious farm couple. After fulfilling his required military service, he decided to become a pastor, a decision his father opposed so strongly that he disinherited his son. Andersen entered a folk high school in Denmark and took lessons from his home pastor. He arrived in Wisconsin in the spring of 1872 and

title: Arthur E. Andersen

text: Arthur E. Andersen Arthur Edward Andersen (May 30, 1885 – January 10, 1947) was a founder of the accounting firm Arthur Andersen LLP. Arthur Edward Andersen was born in Plano, Illinois. John William and Mary Aabye Andersen, Arthur Andersen's parents, had immigrated to the United States from Norway in 1881. Andersen was left on his own at the age of 16 after the death of his parents. In 1917, after attending courses at night while working full-time, he graduated from the Kellogg School at Northwestern University with a bachelor's degree in business. He worked during the day as a mailboy

title: Chris Andersen

text: Chris Andersen Christopher Claus Andersen (born July 7, 1978) is an American former professional basketball player who last played for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Nicknamed "Birdman", Andersen was born in Long Beach, California, grew up in Iola, Texas, and played one year at Blinn College. Andersen began his professional career in the Chinese Basketball Association and the American minor leagues. He then played in the NBA for the Denver Nuggets and the New Orleans Hornets. He received a two-year ban from the NBA in 2006 for violating the league's drug policy, but was reinstated on

title: Surname

text: oldest and most common type of surname. They may be a first name such as "Wilhelm", a patronymic such as "Andersen", a matronymic such as "Beaton", or a clan name such as "O'Brien". Multiple surnames may be derived from a single given name: e.g. there are thought to be over 90 Italian surnames based on the given name "Giovanni". The Icelandic system, formerly used in much of Scandinavia, does not use family names. A person's last name indicates the first name of their father (patronymic) or in some cases mother (matronymic). Many common family names in other Scandinavian countries are

title: Johannes S. Andersen

text: After the war, Andersen started a wood furniture business. He was supported financially by King Haakon VII of Norway, whose friendship he had gained during the war. Andersen was repeatedly accused of crimes after the war, and on one occasion convicted. Andersen was born on 9 July 1898 in Kristiania (now Oslo), and had a difficult childhood, the latter part of it in an orphanage. He was the son of construction worker Ole Andersen and Josefine Hansen. Soon after Johannes was born, Norway entered a period of economic difficulties, with little construction work available. This led to his father having

title: Surnames by country

text: from the nature around them. In Norway, for instance, there is an abundance of surnames based on coastal geography, with suffixes like "-strand", "-øy", "-holm", "-vik", "-fjord" or "-nes". Like the names derived from farms, most of these family names reflected the family's place of residence at the time the family name was "fixed", however. A family name such as Swedish "Dahlgren" is derived from "dahl" meaning valley and "gren" meaning branch; or similarly "Upvall" meaning "upper-valley"; It depends on the Scandinavian country, language, and dialect. In Scandinavia family names often, but certainly not always, originate from a patronymic. Later

title: H. Verlan Andersen

text: H. Verlan Andersen Hans Verlan Andersen (November 6, 1914 – July 16, 1992) was a general authority of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and a professor at Brigham Young University (BYU). Andersen was called to the LDS Church's First Quorum of the Seventy in April 1986. On April 1, 1989 he was transferred to the newly created Second Quorum of the Seventy. On October 5, 1991, he was released from his service as a general authority. He died of cancer on July 16, 1992. Andersen was born on 6 Nov 1914 in Logan, Utah to

title: Wally Andersen

text: Wally Andersen Wally Andersen (born July 31, 1951) is a former Liberal Member of the House of Assembly in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. He was first elected in 1996 in the riding Torngat Mountains and was re-elected twice. His is currently Acting Mayor of Happy Valley-Goose Bay. The son of Edgar Andersen and Muriel Lucy, he was born in Makkovik, Labrador and was educated in North West River. In 1975, he married Marie Delaney. Andersen was manager for the government stores in Labrador from 1974 to 1996. He was a member of the council for Happy Valley-Goose

title: Sven Hassel

text: Andersen. On the second Sunday after Trinity in Frederiksborg Slotssogn, Frederiksborg County he was baptized Børge Willy Redsted Pedersen. Three years later, in 1920, the family moved from Agerup in Hyllinge parish where his father had been born to Copenhagen, where in 1921 they lived in Peter Fabersgade 4 with his father supporting the family as a miller foreman at the Toldbod mill. Further moves saw the family relocating to Ny Toldbodgade 23 in 1924, with his father still a foreman and in 1929 to Tverstedgade 3, Vanløse, where in 1930 his father supported the family as a miller at

title: Andersen Tax

text: Andersen Tax Andersen Tax LLC is a tax firm headquartered in San Francisco, California, United States. It provides tax, valuation, financial advisory and consulting services to individuals and corporate clients. It has offices in Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Florham Park, Greenwich, Harrisburg, Houston, Long Island, Los Angeles, New York City, Orange County, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Seattle, Silicon Valley, Washington, D.C., West Palm Beach and Woodland Hills. With the establishment of Andersen Global in 2013 the firm has since added locations in Europe, Latin America and the Middle East. Andersen Tax was established as Wealth and Tax Advisory Services in July

title: Hans Christian Andersen

text: have disproved these stories). A persistent speculation suggests that Andersen was an illegitimate son of King Christian VIII, but this notion has been challenged. Andersen's father, who had received an elementary school education, introduced Andersen to literature, reading to him the "Arabian Nights". Andersen's mother, Anne Marie Andersdatter, was an illiterate washerwoman. Following her husband's death in 1816, she remarried in 1818. Andersen was sent to a local school for poor children where he received a basic education and had to support himself, working as an apprentice to a weaver and, later, to a tailor. At fourteen, he moved to

title: Brandt Andersen

text: school and graduated with a BA in Fine Arts from Brigham Young University. While attending University Andersen spent a year training with the Utah County Search and Rescue Team, part of the Utah County Sheriff's Department. Following his training Andersen spent the next five years as an on-call volunteer for the Search and Rescue team. His work included assisted rescues and recovery in some of the most extreme environments in the Mountain West. During his time with Search and Rescue he was trained and certified in avalanche rescue and recovery, water rescue, ice rescue, canyoneering, and mountain rescue techniques. In

title: Andersen Corporation

text: Andersen Corporation Andersen Corporation is an international window and door manufacturing enterprise employing approximately 12,000 people at more than 30 manufacturing, logistic centers and company owned retail locations. Andersen is a private company with its headquarters in Bayport, Minnesota. Andersen ranked #179 on Forbes List of Private Companies with $2.5 billion in annual sales for fiscal year ending December 31, 2016. Andersen Corporation and its affiliates comprise the largest window and door manufacturer in North America. Andersen was named as the top window products brand for wood and wood clad windows in terms of brand familiarity, most used and quality

title: Anders Andersen (Norway)

text: Arendal and settled at Røyken in Buskerud where he worked as a farm manager. He continued to be active in the labor movement, as a member of the municipal council and trade unionist. Not even among his colleagues in Røyken was it commonly known that he had been the first leader of the Labour Party. Anders Andersen died in 1931 near 85 years of age. After his death, the Labour Party paid for a headstone on his grave. The memorial has later been moved to Kistefos museum at Jevnaker in Oppland. He is honored every May 1. Anders Andersen (Norway)

title: Andersen

short_answers: Danish Norwegian


question: what is best thing i never had song about

answers: revenge and karma

answers: karma

answers: revenge

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: Thing I Never Had" is a midtempo pop and R&B power ballad, which incorporates elements of gospel music. The song is set in common time with a moderate tempo of 100 beats per minute, and is written in the key of G major. The introduction follows the chord progression of G–C–Em–D, while the verses follow G–G–Em–D–G–G. Beyoncé's voice spans from the low note of E♭ to the high note of G♭. Layered female vocals provide a backing to Beyoncé's occasionally aggressive vocals. The instrumentation includes a piano, stadium-sized bass drums, and strings. "Best Thing I Never Had" is thematically a

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: Sound wrote, "[...] reworking the song from fierce anthem to a decidedly Smiths-ian weep-fest, the lads struck the perfect balance between the sass of the original and their own depressing sound." Krissi Murison of "NME" commented that their cover was "undoubtedly the greatest song psychedelic shoegaze never had". "Best Thing I Never Had" was also covered by "The X Factor" contestant, Craig Colton, during the second week of the competition, in accordance with the theme 'Love and Heartbreak'. Credits adapted from "4" liner notes. Best Thing I Never Had "Best Thing I Never Had" is a song recorded by American

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: Smith wrote "Best Thing I Never Had" in collaboration with its producers Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds, Symbolyc One, Antonio Dixon, Shea Taylor, and Caleb McCampbell. According to Smith, "Best Thing I Never Had" is a ballad but was not originally written so; early demos sounded like late 1980s hip hop material. The main inspiration for the song was the drumming of Doug E. Fresh's song "The Show" (1985). Smith told Gyant of Black Entertainment Television (BET) that he was initially intimidated at the prospect of working with Beyoncé. He was in Los Angeles when Tony Dixon telephoned him to say he

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: Best Thing I Never Had "Best Thing I Never Had" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, "4" (2011). It was released by Columbia Records on June 1, 2011, as the third single from the album. "Best Thing I Never Had" was composed by Patrick "J. Que" Smith, Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds, Symbolyc One, Caleb McCambpell, Antonio Dixon, Beyoncé, and Shea Taylor. The song was originally not written as a ballad, but was inspired by the drumming on Doug E. Fresh's 1985 single "The Show". Beyoncé said that both men and women should be able

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: that it is one of the best ballads on the album "4". James Dinh of the same publication added that the song has a radio-friendly appeal and a catchy chorus. Similarly, Adam Markovitz of "Entertainment Weekly" and Joey Guerra of the "Houston Chronicle" praised the song's radio nature, with the latter calling it "a return to form" with a "regal sound of a radio smash". Jim Farber of "Daily News" wrote that the melodies and the clever lyrics of "Best Thing I Never Had" are likely to inspire significant airplay. Ricky Schweitzer of One Thirty BPM commented that even though

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: of the 10 best songs of 2011. On "The Village Voice"s 2011 year-end Pazz & Jop singles list, "Best Thing I Never Had" was ranked at number 604. For the chart issue dated June 18, 2011, "Best Thing I Never Had" debuted at number 84 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. The following week, the song climbed to number 75; the week her album "4" was released, it further moved from number 58 to number 29 on the Hot 100 chart dated July 16, 2011. Four weeks later, the ballad entered the top 20, moving from number 25 to

title: The Best Thing About Me Is You

text: The Best Thing About Me Is You "The Best Thing About Me Is You" is a song by the Puerto Rican recording artist Ricky Martin, taken from his ninth studio album, "Música + Alma + Sexo" (2011). It was digitally released as the lead single from the album on November 2, 2010. The song had earlier premiered on radio's Ryan Seacrest show. The original English version of the song features singer Joss Stone, while its Spanish version, "Lo Mejor de Mi Vida Eres Tú," replaces Stone's vocals with Natalia Jiménez. "The Best Thing About Me Is You" was later featured

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: 28, 2011. On August 18, 2011, rappers and producers Lil Jon and Shawty Putt revealed their "DJ Kontrol Remix" of "Best Thing I Never Had". The song was remixed to incorporate elements of funk and hip hop genres, according to "Rap-Up". Lil Jon mixed Beyoncé's vocals over a sample of The Gap Band’s 1982 single, "Outstanding". This remix features percussive beats and a rap verse by Putt. The Horrors, an English new wave band, performed a cover version of "Best Thing I Never Had" during an edition of the Live Lounge on BBC Radio 1. Chris Coplan of Consequence of

text: You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me "You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me" — also known simply as "Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me" — is a song written by Jim Weatherly, and produced by Don Law. It was first recorded in 1973 by Ray Price from his album "You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me". The song enjoyed two runs of popularity, each by an artist in a different genre. Weatherly told Tom Roland in The Billboard Book of Number One Country Hits that he wrote the song in 1971 and

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: aggressive piano backing". Robert Copsey of Digital Spy commented that the "['Best Thing I Never Had'] is a classic Beyoncé track waiting to happen". Chad Grischow of IGN wrote that "the lush backing music and [the] soaring vocals" on the song sound suitable for an updated take on the "" soundtrack album as Beyoncé is ecstatic that she ended a poor relationship before it was too late. Jon Caramainca of "The New York Times" commented that the "Best Thing I Never Had" has "optimistic, coffee-commercial" pianos, which place Beyoncé directly in Lilith Fair territory. James Montgomery of MTV News wrote

title: The Best Thing About Me Is You

text: Joss Stone for the very first time on "The Oprah Winfrey Show" on November 2, 2010. He also performed it during the 2011 Música + Alma + Sexo World Tour. Digital singles European digital remixes German digital single Mexican promotional single US Target edition album bonus tracks The Best Thing About Me Is You "The Best Thing About Me Is You" is a song by the Puerto Rican recording artist Ricky Martin, taken from his ninth studio album, "Música + Alma + Sexo" (2011). It was digitally released as the lead single from the album on November 2, 2010. The

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: strings and an uplifting aggressive piano accompaniment. Nadine Cheung of AOL Radio noted that though Beyoncé rips through the verses, she sings the chorus and bridge with restraint; on the latter, she affirms that she has moved on in life. The song ends as Beyoncé repeatedly sings, "What goes around comes back around / I bet it sucks to be you right now". "Best Thing I Never Had" received average to favorable reviews from music critics. Gerrick D. Kennedy of the "Los Angeles Times" noted similarities between "Best Thing I Never Had" and Beyoncé's previous singles including "Irreplaceable" and "If

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: (2002). "Best Thing I Never Had" peaked at number 16 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 chart and at number four on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. It rose to number three on the UK Singles Chart and number two on the Irish Singles Chart among others. The song reached number one on the South Korea Gaon International Chart, the UK R&B Chart, and the US Hot Dance Club Play chart, and the top 30 in mainland Europe, Oceania, and Canada. It was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) and the Recording Industry Association of America

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: I think of the time I almost loved you / You showed your ass and I saw the real you'). 'Best Thing I Never Had' feels like the kind of crossover hit that will help "4" join the rest of Beyoncé's discography in multiplatinum land. Jessica Sinclair of "Long Island Press" noted that "Best Thing I Never Had" is different from "Run the World (Girls)" and that it shows a side of Beyoncé that listeners rarely see. Similarly, Joanne Dorken of MTV UK wrote that the song reveals "a more ferocious side to Beyoncé with it's [sic] faster pace and

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: A pop and R&B ballad, the subjects of "Best Thing I Never Had" are revenge and karma.  Not wanting to feel broken-hearted, the female protagonist sings that she feels happy to have left her lover, who did not recognize the potential for a happy life with her. Some critics viewed it as a sequel to Beyoncé's 2006 single "Irreplaceable" as the two songs are thematically similar. However, some lyrics, including "showed your ass" and "sucks to be you right now", were criticized. The ballad was also likened to Vanessa Carlton's 2002 single "A Thousand Miles" (2002).

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: Voice" who wrote that "Best Thing I Never Had" and "Party" were "among the album's worst and most unrepresentative songs". "Best Thing I Never Had" received a nomination for Record of the Year at the 2011 Soul Train Music Awards. At the 43rd NAACP Image Award presented on February 17, 2012, "Best Thing I Never Had" received a nomination in the category for Outstanding Song. At the 2012 ASCAP Rhythm & Soul Awards, "Best Thing I Never Had" won in the category for Award-Winning R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. "The Guardian"s critic Dan Hancox placed the song at number four on his list

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: tube of red lipstick, which has been used to write "King B" on the mirror. The song was digitally released in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the US on June 1, 2011, and in Europe on June 9, 2011. "Best Thing I Never Had" was released as a digital download in the UK on July 3, 2011, and as a CD single in Germany on July 29, 2011, and in the UK on August 2, 2011. A Digital EP containing four remixes of the song was released in Australia, New Zealand, Europe, and the UK on September 2, 2011. "Best

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: to reach number one on that chart The song was last seen in the top 100 of the UK Singles Chart on January 8, 2012, having spent 28 weeks on the chart. "Best Thing I Never Had" debuted at number 35 in the Irish Singles Chart on June 16, 2011. Although the song fell to number 42 the following week, it began to continually climb the chart as from June 30, 2011, and entered the top 20 four weeks later. On July 14, 2011, "Best Thing I Never Had" entered the top 10 at number six, and peaked at number

title: You're the Best Thing About Me

text: "You're putting out a song about your girlfriend when the world is on fire?" The song title was inspired by a comment that Irish media personality Eamon Dunphy made to Bono in a Dublin bar, telling him the best thing about him was Ali. "You're the Best Thing About Me" was completed one week prior to its release as a single. The Edge said the prior version of the song had a more elaborate, complicated arrangement with a "mellow", "low-key" beginning. When U2 began discussing how to arrange the song for live performances, the guitarist found an early demo of

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: chart with 3765 spins, which were heard by 22.033 million listeners. It stayed at number one for one additional week. "Best Thing I Never Had" eventually peaked at number four on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The song reached number one on the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart, on the issue dated September 10, 2011. As of October 2012, it has sold over 1 million paid digital downloads in the US. For the week ending June 18, 2011, "Best Thing I Never Had" debuted at number one on the South Korea Gaon International Chart with digital sales of 85,742

title: The Sweetest Thing (I've Ever Known)

text: of the album. The revamped version was also used for the single (which, somewhat ironically, became her first No. 1 Country Single). (The 1981 country version can be found on the United Kingdom best-of CD "Country Classics" and BGO's two-CD "Juice/Quiet Lies/Dirty Looks" boxed set. The Sweetest Thing (I've Ever Known) "The Sweetest Thing (I've Ever Known)" is a country-pop song written by Otha Young (a.k.a. Robert O. Young). Young (who died August 6, 2009) was the long-time musical partner of Juice Newton and wrote the song for her in the mid-1970s. "The Sweetest Thing (I've Ever Known)" was originally

title: The Best Thing (Savage Garden song)

text: The Best Thing (Savage Garden song) "The Best Thing" is a song by Australian pop group Savage Garden, released as the seventh and final single from their second studio album "Affirmation" on March 19, 2001. This was also their final single released before their breakup later that year. "The Best Thing" was released as a single on 19 March 2001, exclusively in the United Kingdom and Europe. It was the last single released by the group before their split in October 2001. The single's cover art was also used for the album's fifth Australian single, "Chained to You". No official

title: You're the Best Thing About Me

text: You're the Best Thing About Me "You're the Best Thing About Me" is a song by Irish rock band U2. It is the third track on their fourteenth studio album, "Songs of Experience", and was released as the album's lead single on 6 September 2017. Musically, "You're the Best Thing About Me" originated from the band's attempt to write a song in the spirit of Motown, combining rhythmic music with a joyful mood. The lyrics were written by lead vocalist Bono as a love song for his wife, Ali, after he had a nightmare that he had destroyed their relationship.

title: The Best Thing (Relient K song)

text: The Best Thing (Relient K song) "The Best Thing" is the second single off Relient K's fifth studio album, "Five Score and Seven Years Ago". The band's manager announced it on their messageboard on March 17, 2007 along with Capitol Records announcing it on several websites. The song was performed on "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno" on April 12, 2007. It was released to Top 40 and Hot AC stations on April 10. Matt Thiessen, the lead singer, has described the song as, "The anti-Daniel Powter 'Bad Day' song, it's straight up positive." The song peaked at No. 47

title: The Sweetest Thing (I've Ever Known)

text: The Sweetest Thing (I've Ever Known) "The Sweetest Thing (I've Ever Known)" is a country-pop song written by Otha Young (a.k.a. Robert O. Young). Young (who died August 6, 2009) was the long-time musical partner of Juice Newton and wrote the song for her in the mid-1970s. "The Sweetest Thing (I've Ever Known)" was originally recorded and released in 1975 on Juice Newton's debut album, "Juice Newton and Silver Spur" (RCA), with Silver Spur being the backup band, which consisted of Otha Young, Tom Keeley and other musicians. The 1975 version was not issued as a single, although it was

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: number 19 on the Hot 100 chart. For the week ending August 13, 2011, "Best Thing I Never Had" peaked at number 16 on the Hot 100 chart. It was last seen on the chart issue dated October 29, 2011, at number 67, having spent 19 consecutive weeks on it. "Best Thing I Never Had" debuted at number 53 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart issue dated June 18, 2011, where it was the highest debut that week. For the week ending September 24, 2011, the song reached number one on the Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems (BDS) urban airplay

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: Thank God you blew it, I thank God I dodged a bullet / I’m so over you, so baby good looking out / I wanted you bad / I’m so through with that / Because honestly / You turned out to be the best thing I never had / And will always be the best thing you never had." In the second verse, Beyoncé continues to dismiss her former lover as she sings, "So sad, you're hurt / boo hoo ...", over a tinkling piano riff and bass drums. She then chants the ascendant chorus, which this time features soaring

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: opening line, "What goes around comes back around", the lines "Best thing I never had", "Best thing you never had", and the closing line, "Sucks to be you right now". Happy to have avoided heartbreak, Beyoncé continues to sing about her ex-lover, who did not recognize the possibility of a happy relationship with Beyoncé until the relationship broke down. Beyoncé no longer desires her lover after discovering his deceit; as shown in the pre-chorus and chorus lines, "When I think of the time that I almost loved you / You showed your ass and I saw the real you /

title: Best Thing I Never Had

text: chart. It was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting shipment 70,000 copies. "Best Thing I Never Had" debuted on the New Zealand Singles Chart on June 26, 2011. On its fifth week on the chart, it peaked at number five. On August 14, 2011, the song was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ), denoting shipment 7,500 copies. Before the song's official release in the United Kingdom, "Best Thing I Never Had" debuted at number three on the UK Singles Chart and number two on the UK R&B Chart on July 4,

title: The Best Thing (Ivy song)

text: The Best Thing (Ivy song) "The Best Thing" is a song by American band Ivy on their second studio album, "Apartment Life" (1997). Released on September 12, 1997 by Atlantic Records, it was the band's major-label debut single and served as the parent album's lead single. The track was written by Dominique Durand, Adam Schlesinger and Andy Chase, and was produced by the latter two. A pop song, "The Best Thing" is accompanied by several guitars and a keyboard. It was distributed to radio stations for airplay in September 1997, coinciding with the release of two CD singles. It was

title: Best Thing I Never Had

short_answers:
karma
revenge
revenge and karma


question: what started the war between us and japan

answers: attack on Pearl Harbor

title: History of Japan

text: country, further increasing tension in the Pacific. In late 1941, Japan's government, led by Prime Minister and General Hideki Tojo, decided to break the US-led embargo through force of arms. On December 7, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Navy launched a surprise attack on the American fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This brought the US into World War II on the side of the Allies. Japan then successfully invaded the Asian colonies of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands, including the Philippines, Malaya, Hong Kong, Singapore, Burma, and the Dutch East Indies. In the early stages of the

title: War Comes to America

text: fight between Japan and China, are your sympathies with either side?" is answered CHINA 43%, JAPAN 2%, UNDECIDED 55%, while in June 1939 the same question gives a 74% vote for China. Anti-Japanese sentiment thus forced the US government to block trade in oil and scrap iron with Japan. In October 1939, 82% of Americans blame Germany for starting the war in Europe, while in January 1941, after the Fall of France, and also the founding of the Tripartite Pact, which was clearly aimed against the United States, the question "Should we keep out of war, or aid Britain, even

title: Japan–United States relations

text: between the Japan's commitment to conquer China, and America's commitment to defend China. Japan's civilian government fell and the Army under General Tojo took full control, bent on war. Japan attacked the American navy base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941. In response, the United States declared war on Japan. Japan's Axis allies, including Nazi Germany, declared war on the United States days after the attack, bringing the United States into World War II. The conflict was a bitter one, marked by atrocities such as the executions and torture of American prisoners of war by the Imperial Japanese

title: Causes of World War II

text: war, the Imperial Japanese Navy attacked Pearl Harbor with the aim of destroying the main American battle fleet at anchor. At the same time, other Japanese forces attacked the U.S.-held Philippines and the British Empire in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The USA and the United Kingdom to declare war upon Japan the next day. Four days later the U.S was brought into the European war when on December 11, 1941, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy declared war on the United States. Hitler chose to declare that the Tripartite Pact required that Germany follow Japan's declaration of war; although American

title: Causes of World War II

text: which tempted the Empire of Japan to join the Axis powers and invade French Indochina to improve their military situation in their war with China. This provoked the then neutral United States to respond with an embargo. The Japanese leadership, whose goal was Japanese domination of the Asia-Pacific, thought they had no option but to pre-emptively strike at the US Pacific fleet, which they did by attacking Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. Meanwhile, Nazi Germany had brought the Soviet Union into the war as an active belligerent by attacking eastwards in Operation Barbarossa (June 1941). Expansionism is the doctrine

title: Soviet–Japanese War

text: the Japanese army and navy under the direction of General Headquarters of the U.S. Far East Command. Soviet–Japanese War The Soviet–Japanese War (; , "soren tai nichi sansen" "Soviet Union entry into war against Japan") was a military conflict within the Second World War beginning soon after midnight on August 9, 1945, with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. The Soviets and Mongolians terminated Japanese control of Manchukuo, Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia), northern Korea, Karafuto, and the Chishima Islands (Kuril Islands). The defeat of Japan's Kwantung Army helped in the Japanese surrender and the termination of World

title: Akira Fujiwara

text: was the aggressor and his writing strongly suggested that the US army was making preparations for the war. What’s more, though it was made clear in the memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev that the Korean War was an invasion by the North, Fujiwara held firm to his assertion that the Korean War started with South Korea’s “pre-emptive attack” up through the 1970s. Motohiko Izawa has criticized a number of modern historians like Fujiwara for putting ideology ahead of truth in their belief that the North Korean side was just and that American imperialism and the South Koreans were the villains. Akira

title: Attack on Pearl Harbor

text: war to Washington. In 1999, however, Takeo Iguchi, a professor of law and international relations at International Christian University in Tokyo, discovered documents that pointed to a vigorous debate inside the government over how, and indeed whether, to notify Washington of Japan's intention to break off negotiations and start a war, including a December 7 entry in the war diary saying, "[O]ur deceptive diplomacy is steadily proceeding toward success." Of this, Iguchi said, "The diary shows that the army and navy did not want to give any proper declaration of war, or indeed prior notice even of the termination of

title: Causes of World War II

text: decided to organize a volunteer squadron of American planes and pilots to attack Japan from Chinese bases. Known as the Flying Tigers, the unit was commanded by Claire Lee Chennault. Their first combat came two weeks after Pearl Harbor. Taking advantage of the situation, Thailand launched the Franco-Thai War in October 1940. Japan stepped in as a mediator for the French-Thai war in May 1941, allowing its ally to occupy bordering provinces in Cambodia and Laos. In July 1941, as operation Barbarossa had neutralized the Soviet threat, the faction of the Japanese military junta supporting the "Southern Strategy", pushed through

text: as a pretext for imperialism. In response, the U.S. imposed an oil embargo on Japan in August 1941 to stop aiding their aggression in Asia and to contain Japanese actions such as their war crimes in Nanking. Japan saw this as a hostile and provocative act, and retaliated with the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the declarations of war on the US and the British Empire. Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire The declaration of war by the Empire of Japan on the United States and the British Empire was published on December 8,

title: Soviet–Japanese War

text: Soviet–Japanese War The Soviet–Japanese War (; , "soren tai nichi sansen" "Soviet Union entry into war against Japan") was a military conflict within the Second World War beginning soon after midnight on August 9, 1945, with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. The Soviets and Mongolians terminated Japanese control of Manchukuo, Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia), northern Korea, Karafuto, and the Chishima Islands (Kuril Islands). The defeat of Japan's Kwantung Army helped in the Japanese surrender and the termination of World War II. The Soviet entry into the war was a significant factor in the Japanese government's decision

title: Propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II

text: clothes. A pamphlet dropped on the forces on Okinawa declared that President Roosevelt's death had been caused by the extensive damage the Japanese had inflicted on American ships, which would continue until the ships were all sunk, and the American forces thus orphaned. One soldier, reading it while the ships were bombarding the shore, asked where they thought the gunfire was coming from. Communism was enumerated among the Western dangerous ideas. However, during the invasion of China, Japanese propaganda to the United States played on American anti-communism to win support. It was also offered to the Japanese people as a

title: Japanese invasion of Manchuria

text: the US. The American sanctions which prevented trade with the United States (which had occupied the Philippines around the same time) resulted in Japan furthering their expansion in the territory of China and Southeast Asia. The Chinese–Japanese dispute in July 1931 known as the Wanpaoshan Incident was followed by the Mukden Incident. On 18 September 1931 the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters, which had decided upon a policy of localizing the incident, communicated its decision to the Kwantung Army command. However, Kwantung Army commander-in-chief General Shigeru Honjō instead ordered his forces to proceed to expand operations all along the South Manchuria

title: Ano hata o ute

text: Ano hata o ute Opening credits starts as the narrator speaking about in December 8, 1941 Japan, is accepting the challenge of the Western powers rises in arms after having had to stand by for years watching rapacious America and Britain tread upon the enslaved peoples of East Asia . Japan expeditionary forces are rushed to various places in the vast areas of Greater East Asia in order to drive out the Western powers. The first blow in the Philippines is death when Nippon warplanes raid Clark Air Base and Iba airfield on December 8. The story of the Japanese

title: United States declaration of war on Japan

title: The War That Came Early

text: been a power struggle within the Japanese military and political establishment, with the Japanese Navy arguing for a war aimed at wrestling control of the Pacific from the US, while the generals — particularly those of the powerful Kwantung Army — preferred an attack on the Soviet Union as an extension of Japan's ongoing conquest of China. The Soviet Union's entanglement with Germany and Poland tips the balance in favour of the generals. The Japanese shift from an undeclared, low-intensity border war with the Soviets along the Mongolian border to an all-out invasion of Siberia, with the clear strategic aim

text: Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire The declaration of war by the Empire of Japan on the United States and the British Empire was published on December 8, 1941 (Japan time; December 7 in the United States), after Japanese forces had executed an attack on the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor and attacks on British forces in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The declaration of war was printed on the front page of all Japanese newspapers' evening editions on December 8. The document was subsequently printed again on the eighth day of

title: Causes of World War II

text: did business with both sides. It also sent a volunteer unit to help the Germans against the USSR. Whilst it was considered in the 1940s and 1950s to be a prelude to World War II and It prefigured the war to some extent (as it changed it into an antifascists contest after 1941), it bore no resemblance to the war that started in 1939 and had no major role in causing it. In 1931 Japan took advantage of China's weakness in the Warlord Era and fabricated the Mukden Incident in 1931 to set up the puppet state of Manchukuo in

title: Japan

text: Malaya, Singapore and Hong Kong and declared war on the United States and the British Empire, bringing the United States and the United Kingdom into World War II in the Pacific. After Allied victories across the Pacific during the next four years, which culminated in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, Japan agreed to an unconditional surrender on August 15. The war cost Japan, its colonies, China and the war's other combatants tens of millions of lives and left much of Japan's industry and infrastructure destroyed. The Allies (led by the

title: Greater East Asia Conference

text: The war with China, which began in 1937, was portrayed as an effort to unite the Chinese and Japanese peoples together in Pan-Asian friendship, to bring the "imperial way" to China, which justified "compassionate killing" as the Japanese sought to kill the "few trouble-makers" in China who were alleged to be causing all the problems in Sino-Japanese relations. As such, Japanese propaganda had proclaimed that the Imperial Army, guided by the "emperor's benevolence" had come to China to engage in "compassionate killing" for the good of the Chinese people. In 1941, when Japan went to war with the United States,

title: German declaration of war against the United States

text: already engaged in a "de facto" war with German U-Boats. Roosevelt's desire to help the UK, despite the objections of the influential US isolationist lobby, and legal impediments imposed by Congress which prevented direct involvement in the war, brought the US to push hard against the traditional boundaries of neutrality. On December 7, 1941, the Empire of Japan launched an attack on the US naval and army base on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, beginning a war between Japan and the United States. Japan had not informed its ally, Germany, in advance of the attack, although the Japanese ambassador had informed

title: Soviet–Japanese War

text: in the week following Joseph Stalin's August 8 declaration of war because the Japanese strategy to protect the home islands was designed to fend off an Allied invasion from the south, and left virtually no spare troops to counter a Soviet threat from the north. Furthermore, the Japanese could no longer hope to achieve a negotiated peace with the Allies by using the Soviet Union as a mediator with the Soviet declaration of war. This, according to Hasegawa, amounted to a "strategic bankruptcy" for the Japanese and forced their message of surrender on August 15, 1945. Others with similar views

title: Our Enemy — The Japanese

text: was a comparatively recent development. Our Enemy — The Japanese Our Enemy—The Japanese is a 1943 short film produced by the US Navy and Office of War Information to provide background knowledge about the wartime foe. The film begins with the narrator, former U.S. ambassador to Japan, Joseph C. Grew, stating that he has lived in Japan for ten years and that their logic is incomprehensible by Western standards, and that they are 2,000 years behind in ethical, social thinking. The film is an odd assortment of truths and untruths; for instance, it was true that Japan had been geared

title: Empire of Japan

text: of 1945. At the Yalta agreement, the US, the UK, and the USSR had agreed that the USSR would enter the war on Japan within three months of the defeat of Germany in Europe. This Soviet–Japanese War led to the fall of Japan's Manchurian occupation, Soviet occupation of South Sakhalin island, and a real, imminent threat of Soviet invasion of the home islands of Japan. This was a significant factor for some internal parties in the Japanese decision to surrender to the US and gain some protection, rather than face simultaneous Soviet invasion as well as defeat by the US.

title: Munson Report

text: apparent that Japan and the United States would become enveloped in conflict. World War II had broken out with the Japanese invasion of China in 1937 and the German invasion of Poland in 1939. In July 1941, the United States, along with Britain and the Dutch East Indies, had imposed a total embargo on exports to Japan, including critical oil supplies. American military intelligence had broken top secret Japanese military codes, and a September 24, 1941, message indicated that Pearl Harbor was a possible target of a Japanese attack. President Franklin D. Roosevelt immediately designated Munson as a special representative

title: Pacific War

text: resisted for several hours, before the Thai government signed an armistice with Japan. In the early hours of 7 December (Hawaiian time), Japan launched a major surprise carrier-based air strike on Pearl Harbor without explicit warning, which crippled the US Pacific Fleet, leaving eight American battleships out of action, 188 American aircraft destroyed, and 2,403 Americans dead. At the time of the attack, the US was not officially at war anywhere in the world as the Japanese embassy failed to decipher and deliver the Japanese ultimatum to the American government before noon December 7 (Washington time), which means that the

title: Our Enemy — The Japanese

text: Our Enemy — The Japanese Our Enemy—The Japanese is a 1943 short film produced by the US Navy and Office of War Information to provide background knowledge about the wartime foe. The film begins with the narrator, former U.S. ambassador to Japan, Joseph C. Grew, stating that he has lived in Japan for ten years and that their logic is incomprehensible by Western standards, and that they are 2,000 years behind in ethical, social thinking. The film is an odd assortment of truths and untruths; for instance, it was true that Japan had been geared to a war path for

title: Japan–United States relations

text: shipments—Japan had little oil of its own. Japan had conquered all of Manchuria and most of coastal China by 1939, but the Allies refused to recognize the conquests and stepped up their commitment. President Franklin Roosevelt arranged for American pilots and ground crews to set up an aggressive Chinese Air Force nicknamed the Flying Tigers that would not only defend against Japanese air power but also start bombing the Japanese islands. Diplomacy provided very little space for the adjudication of the deep differences between Japan and the United States. The United States was firmly and almost unanimously committed to defending

title: Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor

text: and we would enter the war.' ... . Japan's 1940 move into Vichy-controlled Indochina further raised tensions. When combined with its war with China, withdrawal from the League of Nations, alliance with Germany and Italy and increasing militarization, the move provoked an attempt to restrain Japan economically. The United States embargoed scrap metal shipments to Japan and closed the Panama Canal to Japanese shipping. This hit Japan's economy particularly hard because 74.1% of Japan's scrap iron came from the United States in 1938. Also, 93% of Japan's copper in 1939 came from the United States. In early 1941, Japan moved

title: American cover-up of Japanese war crimes

text: for a full-scale invasion of Manchuria and the establishment of the Manchukuo state. The immediate predecessor events of the Manchurian invasion include the abovementioned Mukden Incident and the preceding Wanpaoshan Incident in July 1931, which constituted a dispute between Chinese and Korean farmers in Manchuria. The build-up to the invasion was minimal and involved no deaths on either side of the conflict. The US was mostly unaware of the events that occurred outside the main Pacific theatre, which gave the Japanese army, headed by the Kwantung Army, political and military freedom to take advantage of a technologically and strategically inferior

long_answer: On December 8, 1941, the United States Congress declared war (Public Law 77-328, 55 STAT 795) on the Empire of Japan in response to that country's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor the prior day. It was formulated an hour after the Infamy Speech of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Japan had sent a message for the United States to its embassy in Washington earlier, but because of problems at the embassy in decoding the very long message – the high security level assigned to the declaration meant that only personnel with very high clearances could decode it, which slowed down the process – it was not delivered to the U.S. Secretary of State until after the Pearl Harbor attack. Following the U.S. declaration, Japan's allies, Germany and Italy, declared war on the United States, bringing the United States fully into World War II.


question: who were the nationalist in the spanish civil war

answers: the CEDA

answers: the Falange

title: Antonio Castejón Espinosa

text: during the Battle of the Ebro. He was promoted to General at war's end. Antonio Castejón Espinosa Antonio Castejón Espinosa (1896, Badajoz – 1969) was a Spanish army officer from the Army of Africa who fought for the Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War. At the start of the Civil War Major Castejón's unit of the Spanish Legion joined the rebels and took control of Tetuán in Spanish Morocco. In August 1936 he commanded one of the four Nationalist columns that took Badajoz by storm. He was present at the subsequent relief of Toledo and was wounded in the fighting

text: Yugoslav volunteers in the Spanish Civil War The Yugoslav volunteers in the Spanish Civil War, known as Spanish fighters (, , / "Španski borci") and Yugoslav brigadistas (), was a contingent of volunteers from the Kingdom of Yugoslavia that fought beside the Republican side (in support of the Second Spanish Republic) in the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). An estimated 1,664 "Yugoslav brigadistas" fought in the war, out of whom c. 800 were killed in action. According to the Spanish statistics, 148 Yugoslav volunteers received the officer rank during the conflict. Most of them fought in the battalions "Dimitrov" and "Đuro

title: Spanish Civil War

text: party of Fine Gael (unofficially called "The Blue Shirts"), Eoin O'Duffy, known as the "Irish Brigade", went to Spain to fight alongside Franco. The majority of the volunteers were Catholics, and according to O'Duffy had volunteered to help the Nationalists fight against communism. Many non-Spaniards, often affiliated with radical communist or socialist entities, joined the International Brigades, believing that the Spanish Republic was a front line in the war against fascism. The units represented the largest foreign contingent of those fighting for the Republicans. Roughly 40,000 foreign nationals fought with the Brigades, though no more than 18,000 were in the

title: Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)

text: Spain from 1939 to 1975. The term Nationalists or Nationals () was coined by Joseph Goebbels following the visit of the clandestine Spanish delegation led by Captain Francisco Arranz requesting war material on 24 July 1936, in order to give a cloak of legitimacy to Nazi Germany's help to the Spanish rebel military. The leaders of the rebel faction, who had already been denominated as 'Crusaders' by Bishop of Salamanca Enrique Pla y Deniel —and also used the term "Cruzada" for their campaign— immediately took a liking to it. The term "Bando nacional" —much as the term "rojos" (Reds) to

title: Foreign involvement in the Spanish Civil War

text: About 200 volunteers were from Palestine (of Jewish and Arab origin). Approximately one third of Irishmen who fought for Republicans died, a group composed primarily of socialists, trade unionists, and former IRA members. The "Connolly Column" of the International Brigades was named after the Irish socialist leader executed after 1916 Easter Rising, James Connolly. Patriotism was invoked by both sides and the struggle presented as one of the Spanish people against the foreign invasion. The instrumental use of nationalism on the republican side came from the communists. The heroic Spanish people were to rise against foreign invasion directed by traitors

text: they either supported Franco and Fascist ideologies, or they opposed the Republicans on the grounds of anti-communism and the atrocities perpetuated by republican forces upon the Catholic Church in Spain. Papers such as the "Daily Mail" and the "Daily Express" often functioned as anti-Republican propaganda, as did (to a lesser extent) the "Glasgow Evening Express". Support for the Nationalists came predominantly from local BUF branches and from aristocracy such as the 8th Earl of Glasgow, who held long-standing military ties. Captain Archibald Maule Ramsay, the Scottish Unionist MP for Peebles, formed the United Christian Front, whose manifesto alleged that Franco’s

text: many of them. Some of whom became leaders of the resistance against the Nazi occupation. Three members of the International brigades that fought on the Republican side ended up commanding the four armies of the Partisan Liberation Army that fought the Nazis in World War II: Peko Dapčević, Kosta Nađ and Petar Drapšin. Koča Popović was the partisan commander that was fighting for the Spanish Republican Armed Forces. On 5 November famous leader of Sisi La Tece 32 was injured in the Spain-Serbian clash, known as the Battle of Bilbao. Yugoslav volunteers in the Spanish Civil War The Yugoslav volunteers

title: Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War

text: time a Catholic party from the Basque areas, who after some hesitation, supported the Republican government in exchange for an autonomous government in the Basque Country. Although, virtually every other group on the Republican side was involved in the anticlerical persecution, the Basques did not play a part. The Vatican diplomacy tried to orient them to the National side, explicitly supported by Cardinal Isidro Goma y Tomas, but the BNP feared the centralism of the Nationals. Some Catalan nationalist also found themselves in the same situation, such as members of de Unió Democràtica de Catalunya party whose most relevant leader,

title: Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)

text: the Spanish Foreign Legion and the "Regulares", infantry and cavalry units recruited from the population of Spanish Morocco and with Spanish officers as commanders. The "Regulares" operated as the shock troops of the National forces in exchange for a substantial pay. More than 13,000 Moroccan troops were airlifted on 20 Junkers Ju 52 planes supplied by Hitler between the beginning of the conflict in July and October 1936. Their proverbial cruelty and reckless behaviour were not random, but were part of a calculated plan of the Francoist military leaders in order to instill terror in the Republican defence lines. Italy

title: Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)

text: the religious Spaniards who had been persecuted in Republican areas as 'martyrs of the faith'. The devout Catholics who supported the Spanish Republic, included high-ranking officers of the Popular Army such as republican Catholic general Vicente Rojo Lluch, as well as the Catholic Basque nationalists who opposed the rebel faction. Initially the Vatican held itself from declaring too openly its support of the rebel side in the war, although it had long allowed high ecclesiastical figures in Spain to do so and to define the conflict as a 'Crusade'. Throughout the war, however, Francoist propaganda and influential Spanish Catholics labelled

title: Antonio Castejón Espinosa

text: Antonio Castejón Espinosa Antonio Castejón Espinosa (1896, Badajoz – 1969) was a Spanish army officer from the Army of Africa who fought for the Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War. At the start of the Civil War Major Castejón's unit of the Spanish Legion joined the rebels and took control of Tetuán in Spanish Morocco. In August 1936 he commanded one of the four Nationalist columns that took Badajoz by storm. He was present at the subsequent relief of Toledo and was wounded in the fighting around Madrid. Castejón was given command of a division of the Army of Andalusia

title: Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)

text: Infante Juan, the son of Alfonso XIII and heir to the Spanish throne, requested the permission of Franco to take part in the Nationals' war effort by enlisting as a member of the crew of the cruiser "Balaeres", which was nearing completion. He promised to abstain from political activities, but Franco refused, believing that he would become a figurehead for the Alfonsists who held a strong presence in the military. The Army of Africa was a field army garrisoned in Spanish Morocco - a legacy of the Rif War - under the command of General Francisco Franco. It consisted of

title: Annie Murray

text: Tom Murray, one of two Scots awarded special citations from the Republicans for their efforts during the war. She trained as a nurse at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary in 1936. While there, she protested with other nurses about the pay and working conditions. Murray joined the Communist Party and went to Spain as part of the International Brigades fighting against General Francisco Franco, supported by the Italian Fascists. Along with her brothers Tom and George, Murray was one of the approximately 500 Scottish volunteers in the Spanish Civil War who believed in the principles of the Spanish Republican Government. While

text: Volunteer troops from other countries fought with the Nationalists but only a few as national units. Among the latter were Eoin O'Duffy's 700 strong Irish Brigade and the 500 strong French Jeanne D'Arc company of the Spanish Foreign Legion, formed mostly from members of the far-right Croix de Feu. Approximately 8,000 Portuguese, known as Viriatos, fought for Franco although never as a national unit. Another 1,000 volunteers from countries as diverse as Spanish Guinea, the USA, Brazil, Norway, Belgium, the UK, and Australia fought in the Nationalist ranks. In 1937 General Franco turned down separate offers of national legions from

title: Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)

title: Juan Ibarrola

text: the Republican Army as he was Catholic, but he was also a Basque and the Basques had generally rallied to the Republic. He was a medical instructor before the war. He fought in the north of Spain, was promoted to command the 50th Division, and commanded the XI Army Corps at Teruel. Juan Ibarrola Juan Ibarrola Orueta (1900 in Llodio, Álava – 1976) was a Spanish military commander who fought with the Republicans during the Spanish Civil War. He was a captain of the Civil Guard ("Guardia Civil"); unlike many of his fellow officers he rallied to the Republic when

title: Irish involvement in the Spanish Civil War

text: Some were involved with underground unions, some were opposed to O'Duffy's Blueshirts and Greenshirts in Ireland, while others believed that fascism threatened Ireland. One of those was Michael O'Riordan, the future head of the Communist Party of Ireland. O'Riordan took part in all the battles of the 15th International Brigade in support of the Spanish Republican Army, including the Battle of the Ebro, at which he was wounded. In late 1936 Frank Ryan travelled to Spain with about 80 men to fight in the International Brigades on the Republican side. Ryan's men are sometimes referred to as the "Connolly Column".

text: Irish socialist volunteers in the Spanish Civil War Irish Socialist volunteers in the Spanish Civil War describes a grouping of IRA members and Irish Socialists who fought in support the cause of the Second Republic during the Spanish Civil War. These volunteers were taken from both Irish Republican and Unionist political backgrounds but were bonded through a Socialist and anti-clerical political philosophy. Many of the Irish Socialist volunteers who went to Spain later became known as the Connolly Column. Following the rejection of the socialist motion put to the IRA Army convention on 17 March 1934 at St. Stephen's Green,

title: Irish Brigade (Spanish Civil War)

text: Irish Brigade (Spanish Civil War) The Irish Brigade (, "Irish Brigade" ) fought on the Nationalist side of Francisco Franco during the Spanish Civil War. The unit was formed wholly of Roman Catholics by the politician Eoin O'Duffy, who had previously organised the banned quasi-fascist Blueshirts and openly fascist Greenshirts in Ireland. Despite the declaration by the Irish government that participation in the war was unwelcome and ill-advised, 700 of O'Duffy's followers went to Spain. They saw their primary role in Spain as fighting for the Roman Catholic Church, which had come under attack by the Red Terror. They also

title: Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)

text: forces with fighter and bomber aircraft which played a significant part in the war. In March 1937, Italy intervened in the political affairs of the Nationals by sending Roberto Farinacci to Spain to urge Franco to unite the National political movements into one fascist "Spanish National Party". Nazi Germany provided the Nationals with material, specialists, and a powerful air force contingent, the Condor Legion German expeditionary forces that provided airlift of soldiers and material from Spanish Africa to Peninsular Spain and provided offensive operations against Republican forces. The Spanish Civil War would provide an ideal testing ground for the proficiency

title: José Solchaga

text: José Solchaga José Solchaga Zala (1881, Aberin, Navarre - 1953) was a Spanish general who fought for the Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War. A Navarrese professional officer of the Spanish Army, in 1936 he joined the "coup" against the Republican government. He led the Navarrese troops in the campaign against Guipuzcoa. On 5 August 1936 his troops occupied Irún, cutting off the Republican held zone in the North from the French Frontier and San Sebastían on 13 September. Later, he was promoted to General, led the Nationalist troops in the Biscay campaign In August he led the Navarrese Brigades

text: the International Brigades. Jewish volunteers in the Spanish Civil War Jewish volunteers in the Spanish Civil War refers to Jews who joined International Brigades and fought in the Spanish Civil War, which erupted on July 17, 1936 and ended on April 1, 1939. The fighting was between the Republicans, who were loyal to the Spanish Republic, and the Nationalists, a rebel group led by General Francisco Franco. The Nationalists prevailed and Franco would rule Spain for the next 36 years. The coup was supported by military units in Morocco, Pamplona, Burgos, Valladolid, Cádiz, Cordova, and Seville. However, barracks in important

title: Arnold Lunn

text: Spanish Civil War, Lunn became a dedicated supporter of the Nationalist side; he wrote many anti-Republican articles for the British press, and was a member of the pro-Franco group Friends of National Spain. Lunn visited the Nationalist lines during the war and interviewed the Spanish General Gonzalo de Aguilera Munro; Lunn praised Aguilera as "not only a soldier but a scholar". Lunn was also a supporter of Benito Mussolini, stating in a 1938 speech that Mussolini's Fascism "has no sense of bullying" and that life in Mussolini's Italy was "largely the same" as it was before Mussolini took power. Lunn

title: Hispanic Americans in World War II

text: "Nationalists" as members of the Spanish Army and the "Loyalists" (Republicans) either as members of the Abraham Lincoln International Brigade or as aviators in the Yankee Squadron led by Bert Acosta (1895–1954). General Manuel Goded Llopis (1882–1936), who was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, was a high-ranking officer in the Spanish Army. Llopis was among the first generals to join General Francisco Franco in the uprising against the government of the Second Spanish Republic. Llopis led the fight against the Anarchists in Catalonia, but his troops were outnumbered. He was captured and sentenced to die by firing squad. Lieutenant

title: Juan Vigón

text: 1955, president of the Nuclear Energy Board, and of the Aeronautical Technic National Institute. Franco granted him a posthumous marquisate. Juan Vigón Juan Vigón Suerodíaz 1880–1955) was a Spanish general who fought in the Spanish Civil War for the Nationalists. Vigón was born in Colunga, Asturias, Spain. Before the war he was chosen by king Alfonso XIII to educate his sons, which he did from November 1925 to 1930. At the beginning of the Second Spanish Republic (14 April 1931) he left the army due to his monarchist sympathies. With just a brief return to the army during the 1934

text: Scottish volunteers in the Spanish Civil War Scottish Volunteers in the Spanish Civil War comprised 23% of the estimated 2,400 men and women who travelled from Great Britain to serve in the International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War. Along with the 549 military volunteers, extensive funds and support for Republican Spain were raised through a nationwide grass-roots Aid for Spain movement; per capita, Scotland’s contributions were among the most substantial foreign aid offered to the Republic over the period of 1936-1939. The majority of the Scottish men and women who supported the Spanish Republic were affiliated with socialist, communist

text: Jewish volunteers in the Spanish Civil War Jewish volunteers in the Spanish Civil War refers to Jews who joined International Brigades and fought in the Spanish Civil War, which erupted on July 17, 1936 and ended on April 1, 1939. The fighting was between the Republicans, who were loyal to the Spanish Republic, and the Nationalists, a rebel group led by General Francisco Franco. The Nationalists prevailed and Franco would rule Spain for the next 36 years. The coup was supported by military units in Morocco, Pamplona, Burgos, Valladolid, Cádiz, Cordova, and Seville. However, barracks in important cities such as

title: Carmelo Delgado Delgado

text: Nationalist Party. After earning his bachelor's degree, he moved to Spain in pursuit of a law degree. On September 22, 1935, Delgado left for Spain and upon his arrival enrolled in the Central University of Madrid. He arrived in a Spain which was about to be confronted with a civil war between the government of the Second Spanish Republic and the pro-fascist Nationalists led by the Nationalist General Francisco Franco. Delgado became politically active as a supporter of the Spanish Republic and upon the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, joined the Abraham Lincoln International Brigade. The Abraham Lincoln Brigade

title: International Brigades

text: veterans of World War I. Their early engagements in 1936 during the Siege of Madrid amply demonstrated their military and propaganda value. The international volunteers were mainly socialists, communists, or under communist authority, and a high proportion were Jewish. Some were involved in the fighting in Barcelona against Republican opponents of the Communists: the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) ("Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista", an anti-Stalinist Marxist party) and anarchists. These more libertarian groups like the POUM fought together on the front with the anarchist federations of the CNT (CNT, Confederación Nacional del Trabajo) and the FAI (FAI, Iberian

text: and Communist organisations in the period between the two World Wars. They made up a considerable portion of the socialist volunteers, with estimates putting the figure at over ten per cent. Many of them joined the International Brigades and the Popular Front to fight in the Spanish Civil War on the side of the Republicans. The leadership of the International Brigades considered forming an entirely Jewish brigade, but the high casualties made this impossible. However, a Jewish company, the Naftali Botwin Company, was formed within the Palafox Battalion. The table below displays the national origin of the Jewish volunteers in

title: Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)

long_answer: The Nationalist faction (Spanish: Bando nacional) or Rebel faction (Spanish: Bando sublevado) was a major faction in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939. It was composed of a variety of political groups that supported the Spanish coup of July 1936 against the Second Spanish Republic, including the Falange, the CEDA, and two rival monarchist claimants: the Alfonsists and the Carlists. In 1937, all the groups were merged into the Falange. One of the main leaders (Spanish: Caudillo) of the 1936 coup, General Francisco Franco, would lead this faction throughout the war and later would become the dictator of Spain from 1939 to 1975.

short_answers:
the Falange
the CEDA
the Falange