question: what is the membrane on the surface of the stomach called

answers: the visceral membrane

answers: Serous Membrane

title: Gastric mucosa

text: of surface epithelium and gastric pits of the fundus and pyloric part of the stomach. Gastric mucosa The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach, which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In humans, it is about 1 mm thick, and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish-brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the

title: Gastric mucosa

text: Gastric mucosa The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach, which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In humans, it is about 1 mm thick, and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish-brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the vascular redness being more marked. It is thin at the cardiac extremity, but thicker toward

title: Gastrointestinal tract

text: peristaltic activity (basal electrical rhythm) due to its self-contained enteric nervous system. The rate can be modulated by the rest of the autonomic nervous system. The coordinated contractions of these layers is called peristalsis and propels the food through the tract. Food in the GI tract is called a bolus (ball of food) from the mouth down to the stomach. After the stomach, the food is partially digested and semi-liquid, and is referred to as chyme. In the large intestine the remaining semi-solid substance is referred to as faeces. The outermost layer of the gastrointestinal tract consists of several layers

title: Stomach

text: the stomach into the duodenum where peristalsis takes over to move this through the rest of the intestines. In humans, the stomach lies between the oesophagus and the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). It is in the left upper part of the abdominal cavity. The top of the stomach lies against the diaphragm. Lying behind the stomach is the pancreas. A large double fold of visceral peritoneum called the greater omentum hangs down from the greater curvature of the stomach. Two sphincters keep the contents of the stomach contained; the lower oesophageal sphincter (found in the cardiac

title: Bird anatomy

text: of the family Columbidae, such as pigeons, produce a nutritious crop milk which is fed to their young by regurgitation. The avian stomach is composed of two organs, the proventriculus and the gizzard that work together during digestion. The proventriculus is a rod shaped tube, which is found between the esophagus and the gizzard, that secretes hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen into the digestive tract. The acid converts the inactive pepsinogen into the active proteolytic enzyme, pepsin, which breaks down specific peptide bonds found in proteins, to produce a set of peptides, which are amino acid chains that are shorter than

title: Gastrointestinal wall

text: longitudinal or circular, rather the layers of muscle are helical with different pitches. The inner circular is helical with a steep pitch and the outer longitudinal is helical with a much shallower pitch. The coordinated contractions of these layers is called peristalsis and propels the food through the tract. Food in the GI tract is called a bolus (ball of food) from the mouth down to the stomach. After the stomach, the food is partially digested and semi-liquid, and is referred to as chyme. In the large intestine the remaining semi-solid substance is referred to as faeces. The circular muscle

title: Stomach

text: small rounded mass of chewed up food) enters the stomach through the oesophagus via the lower oesophageal sphincter. The stomach releases proteases (protein-digesting enzymes such as pepsin) and hydrochloric acid, which kills or inhibits bacteria and provides the acidic pH of 2 for the proteases to work. Food is churned by the stomach through muscular contractions of the wall called peristalsis – reducing the volume of the bolus, before looping around the fundus and the body of stomach as the boluses are converted into chyme (partially digested food). Chyme slowly passes through the pyloric sphincter and into the duodenum of

title: Human digestive system

text: swallowing and vomiting to prevent the contents of the stomach from entering the esophagus. As the esophagus does not have the same protection from acid as the stomach, any failure of this sphincter can lead to heartburn. The esophagus has a mucous membrane of epithelium which has a protective function as well as providing a smooth surface for the passage of food. Due to the high volume of food that is passed over time, this membrane is continuously renewed. The diaphragm is an important part of the body's digestive system. The muscular diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal

title: Stomach

text: region), at the junction of the oesophagus and stomach, and the pyloric sphincter at the junction of the stomach with the duodenum. The stomach is surrounded by parasympathetic (stimulant) and sympathetic (inhibitor) plexuses (networks of blood vessels and nerves in the anterior gastric, posterior, superior and inferior, celiac and myenteric), which regulate both the secretory activity of the stomach and the motor (motion) activity of its muscles. In adult humans, the stomach has a relaxed, near empty volume of about 75 millilitres. Because it is a organ, it normally expands to hold about one litre of food. The stomach of

title: Chyme

text: Chyme Chyme or chymus (; from Greek χυμός "khymos", "juice") is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by the stomach, through the pyloric valve, into the duodenum (the beginning of the small intestine). Chyme results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes. Chyme slowly passes through the pyloric sphincter and into the duodenum, where the extraction of nutrients begins. Depending on the quantity and contents of the meal, the stomach will digest the food into chyme in anywhere between 40 minutes

title: Gastric mucosa

text: the pylorus. During the contracted state of the organ it is thrown into numerous plaits or rugae, which, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction, and are most marked toward the pyloric end of the stomach, and along the greater curvature. These folds are entirely obliterated when the organ becomes distended. When examined with a lens, the inner surface of the mucous membrane presents a peculiar honeycomb appearance from being covered with funnel-like depressions or foveolae of a polygonal or hexagonal form, which vary from 0.12 to 0.25 mm. in diameter. These are the ducts of the gastric glands,

title: Stomach disease

text: Stomach disease Stomach diseases (or gastropathy) include gastritis, gastroparesis, diarrhea, Crohn's disease and various cancers. The stomach is an important organ in the body. It plays a vital role in digestion of foods, releases various enzymes and also protects the lower intestine from harmful organisms. The stomach connects to the esophagus above and to the small intestine below. It is intricately related to the pancreas, spleen and liver. The stomach does vary in size but its J shape is constant. The stomach lies in the upper part of the abdomen just below the left rib cage. Examples including the name

title: Gastric glands

text: Gastric glands The gastric glands are located in different regions of the stomach. These are the fundic glands, the cardiac glands, and the pyloric glands. The glands and gastric pits are located in the stomach lining. The glands themselves are in the lamina propria of the mucous membrane and they open into the bases of the gastric pits formed by the epithelium. The various cells of the glands secrete mucus, pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, gastrin, and bicarbonate. The three types of gland are all located beneath the gastric pits within the gastric mucosa–the mucous membrane of the stomach. The

title: Stomach

text: Stomach The stomach (from ancient Greek στόμαχος, "stomachos," "stoma" means mouth) is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates. The stomach has a dilated structure and functions as a vital digestive organ. In the digestive system the stomach is involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication (chewing). In humans and many other animals, the stomach is located between the oesophagus and the small intestine. It secretes digestive enzymes and gastric acid to aid in food digestion. The pyloric sphincter controls the passage of partially digested food (chyme) from

title: Serous membrane

text: In anatomy, serous membrane (or serosa) is a smooth tissue membrane consisting of two layers of mesothelium, which secrete serous fluid. The inner layer that covers organs (viscera) in body cavities is called the visceral membrane.  A second layer of epithelial cells of the serous membrane, called the parietal layer, lines the body wall. Between the two layers is a potential space, mostly empty except for a few milliliters of lubricating serous fluid that is secreted by the two serous membranes.

title: Digestion

text: small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. It also contains rennin in case of infants and toddlers. As the first two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions

title: Stomach disease

text: Other tests include a 24-hour pH study, CT scans or MRI. Stomach disease Stomach diseases (or gastropathy) include gastritis, gastroparesis, diarrhea, Crohn's disease and various cancers. The stomach is an important organ in the body. It plays a vital role in digestion of foods, releases various enzymes and also protects the lower intestine from harmful organisms. The stomach connects to the esophagus above and to the small intestine below. It is intricately related to the pancreas, spleen and liver. The stomach does vary in size but its J shape is constant. The stomach lies in the upper part of the

title: Stomach

text: of the gastric glands. The three types of gland are all located beneath the gastric pits within the gastric mucosa–the mucous membrane of the stomach. The gastric mucosa is pitted with innumerable gastric pits which house the gastric glands. The "cardiac glands" are found in the cardia of the stomach, enclosing the opening where the esophagus joins to the stomach. Only cardiac glands are found here and they primarily secrete mucus. They are fewer in number than the other gastric glands and are more shallowly positioned in the mucosa. There are two kinds - either simple tubular with short ducts

title: Human digestive system

text: vitamin from the acidic stomach contents. Once in the more neutral duodenum, pancreatic enzymes break down the protective glycoprotein. The freed vitamin B12 then binds to intrinsic factor which is then absorbed by the enterocytes in the ileum. The stomach is a distensible organ and can normally expand to hold about one litre of food. This expansion is enabled by a series of gastric folds in the inner walls of the stomach. The stomach of a newborn baby will only be able to expand to retain about 30 ml. The spleen breaks down both red and white blood cells that

title: Stomach

text: and the lamina propria (composed of loose connective tissue), with a thin layer of smooth muscle called the muscularis mucosae separating it from the submucosa beneath. The submucosa lies under the mucosa and consists of fibrous connective tissue, separating the mucosa from the next layer. Meissner's plexus is in this layer. The muscularis externa lies beneath the submucosa and is unique from other organs of the gastrointestinal tract, consisting of three layers: The stomach also possesses a serosa, consisting of layers of connective tissue continuous with the peritoneum. In humans, different types of cells are found at the different layers

title: Pylorus

text: from the pyloric canal by a slight groove. The "canal" () is the opening between the stomach and the duodenum. The "pyloric sphincter", or valve, is a strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It controls the outflow of gastric contents into the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion. Under microscopy, the pylorus contains numerous glands, including gastric pits, which constitute about half the depth of the pyloric mucosa. They consist of two or three short closed tubes opening into a common

title: Gastric acid

text: network (called canaliculi) from which the hydrochloric acid is secreted into the lumen of the stomach. The pH of gastric acid is 1.5 to 3.5 in the human stomach lumen, the acidity being maintained by the proton pump H/K ATPase. The parietal cell releases bicarbonate into the bloodstream in the process, which causes a temporary rise of pH in the blood, known as an alkaline tide. The highly acidic environment in the stomach lumen causes proteins from food to lose their characteristic folded structure (or denature). This exposes the protein's peptide bonds. The gastric chief cells of the stomach secrete

title: Stomach

text: the first three chambers of which are all lined with oesophageal mucosa. In birds and crocodilians, the stomach is divided into two regions. Anteriorly is a narrow tubular region, the proventriculus, lined by fundic glands, and connecting the true stomach to the crop. Beyond lies the powerful muscular gizzard, lined by pyloric glands, and, in some species, containing stones that the animal swallows to help grind up food. In insects there is also a crop. The insect stomach is called the midgut. Information about the stomach in echinoderms or molluscs can be found under the respective articles. Stomach The stomach

title: Digestion

text: that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes. After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small

title: Foveolar cell

text: the organ. The openings of these glands into the stomach are called gastric pits, or "foveolae", which foveolar cells line in order to provide a protective alkaline secretion against the corrosive gastric acid. Foveolar cells line the surface of the stomach, the gastric pits, and the top part of gastric glands: the neck. They constitute a simple columnar epithelium, as they form a single layer of cells and are taller than their width. Depending on their location, foveolar cells can be divided in two groups: surface mucous cells, which line the surface and the gastric pits; and mucous neck cells,

title: Duodenum

text: duodenum has a villous mucosa. This is distinct from the mucosa of the pylorus, which directly joins to the duodenum. Like other structures of the gastrointestinal tract, the duodenum has a mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and adventitia. Glands line the duodenum, known as Brunner's glands, which secrete mucus and bicarbonate in order to neutralise stomach acids. These are distinct glands not found in the ileum or jejunum, the other parts of the small intestine. The duodenum is largely responsible for the breakdown of food in the small intestine, using enzymes. The duodenum also regulates the rate of emptying of the

title: Stomach

text: a term that is also used to describe the removal of the heart. A gastrectomy may be carried out because of gastric cancer or severe perforation of the stomach wall. There were previously conflicting statements in the academic anatomy community over whether the cardia is part of the stomach, part of the oesophagus or a distinct entity. Modern surgical and medical textbooks have agreed that "The gastric cardia is now clearly considered to be part of the stomach." The word "stomach" is derived from the Latin "" which is derived from the Greek word "stomachos" (), ultimately from "stoma" (),

title: Human digestive system

text: the esophagus at its upper end and to the duodenum at its lower end. Gastric acid (informally "gastric juice"), produced in the stomach plays a vital role in the digestive process, and mainly contains hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride. A peptide hormone, gastrin, produced by G cells in the gastric glands, stimulates the production of gastric juice which activates the digestive enzymes. Pepsinogen is a precursor enzyme (zymogen) produced by the gastric chief cells, and gastric acid activates this to the enzyme pepsin which begins the digestion of proteins. As these two chemicals would damage the stomach wall, mucus is

title: Gastric mucosa

text: the acid secretion. The A cells produce glucagon, which mobilizes the hepatic glycogen, and the enterochromaffin cells produce serotonin, which stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscles. The surface of the mucous membrane is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelium. This epithelium commences very abruptly at the cardiac orifice, where there is a sudden transition from the stratified epithelium of the esophagus. The epithelial lining of the gland ducts is of the same character and is continuous with the general epithelial lining of the stomach. An important iodine concentration by sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) is present in mucinous cells

title: Chyme

text: will be absorbed along with other nutrients. Chyme has a low pH that is countered by the production of bile, helping to further digest food. Chyme is part liquid and part solid: a thick semifluid mass of partially digested food and digestive secretions that is formed in the stomach and small intestine during digestion. Chyme also contains cells from the mouth and esophagus that slough off from the mechanical action of chewing and swallowing. After hours of mechanical and chemical digestion, food has been reduced into chyme. As particles of food become small enough, they are passed out of the

title: Serous membrane


question: where are mucosal associated lymphoid tissues present in the human body and why

answers: oral passage

answers: salivary glands

answers: gastrointestinal tract

answers: breast

answers: skin

answers: thyroid

answers: lung

answers: nasopharyngeal tract

answers: eye

title: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

text: deliver it to the lymphoid tissue. There are three types of situations in which MALT is present- Tonsils, Appendix, Small Intestinal area The components of MALT are sometimes subdivided into the following: It can be also distinguished by level of organization of the tissue: MALT plays a role in regulating mucosal immunity. It may be the site of lymphoma, usually non-Hodgkin lymphoma. A specific entity is the MALT lymphoma linked to "Helicobacter pylori" in the stomach. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), also called mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue, is a diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found

title: Mucosal immunology

text: and its environment, a large amount of secondary lymphoid tissue is found here. The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, or MALT, provides the organism with an important first line of defense. Along with the spleen and lymph nodes, the tonsils and MALT are also considered to be secondary lymphoid tissue. The mucosal immune system provides three main functions: serving as the body's first line defense from antigens and infection, preventing systemic immune responses to commensal bacteria and food antigens (primarily food proteins in the Gut-associated lymphoid tissue, so-called oral tolerance), and regulating appropriate immune responses to pathogens encountered on a daily basis.

title: Lymphatic system

text: etc. that are associated with the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). In the gastrointestinal wall the appendix has mucosa resembling that of the colon, but here it is heavily infiltrated with lymphocytes. The tertiary lymphoid tissue typically contains far fewer lymphocytes, and assumes an immune role only when challenged with antigens that result in inflammation. It achieves this by importing the lymphocytes from blood and lymph. The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ and the site of maturation for T cells, the lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system. The thymus increases in size from birth in response to postnatal antigen stimulation,

title: Gut-associated lymphoid tissue

text: antibody producers, whose number exceeds the number of plasma cells in spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow combined. The gut-associated lymphoid tissue lies throughout the intestine, covering an area of approximately 260–300 m. In order to increase the surface area for absorption, the intestinal mucosa is made up of finger-like projections (villi), covered by a monolayer of epithelial cells, which separates the GALT from the lumen intestine and its contents. These epithelial cells are covered by a layer of glycocalyx on their luminal surface so as to protect cells from the acid pH. New epithelial cells derived from stem cells

title: Gut-associated lymphoid tissue

text: and mesenteric lymph nodes are sites where the immune response is started due to the presence of immune cells through the epithelial cells and the lamina propria. The GALT also includes the Peyer's patches of the small intestine, isolated lymphoid follicles present throughout the intestine and the appendix in humans. The following comprise lymphoid tissue in the gut: The Peyer's patch is an aggregate of lymphoid cells projected to the lumen of the gut which acts as a very important site for the initiation of the immune response. It forms a subepithelial dome where large number of B cell follicles

title: Elaine Jaffe

text: of lymphomas, particular her work in follicular lymphoma. Her team notably elucidated the difference between T cell and B cell lymphomas. Her lab's findings led to the development of the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Hematopoetic and Lymphoid Tissues. Jaffe was the President of the Society of Hematopathology at the time that the WHO's Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms (REAL) classification system was developed in 1994; the REAL classification system is now considered the gold standard in hematopathology. Today, her research includes genetic and epigenetic studies aimed at understanding how B-cells become Hodgkin's lymphoma cells, particularly through the

title: Gut-associated lymphoid tissue

text: Gut-associated lymphoid tissue Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is a component of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) which works in the immune system to protect the body from invasion in the gut. Owing to its physiological function in food absorption, the mucosal surface is thin and acts as a permeable barrier to the interior of the body. Equally, its fragility and permeability creates vulnerability to infection and, in fact, the vast majority of the infectious agents invading the human body use this route. The functional importance of GALT in body's defense relies on its large population of plasma cells, which are

title: Immunology

text: system. The important lymphoid organs of the immune system are the thymus and bone marrow, and chief lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and liver. When health conditions worsen to emergency status, portions of immune system organs including the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues can be surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive. Many components of the immune system are typically cellular in nature and not associated with any specific organ; but rather are embedded or circulating in various tissues located throughout the body. Classical immunology ties in

title: Lymphatic system

text: and the thymus are also lymphoid organs of the immune system. The tonsils are lymphoid organs that are also associated with the digestive system. Lymphoid tissues contain lymphocytes, and also contain other types of cells for support. The system also includes all the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of lymphocytes (the primary cellular component of lymph), which also includes the bone marrow, and the lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive system. The blood does not come into direct contact with the parenchymal cells and tissues in the body (except in case of an injury causing rupture of one

title: Lymphatic system

text: the mediastinum in the chest, neck, pelvis, axilla, inguinal region, and in association with the blood vessels of the intestines. Lymphoid tissue associated with the lymphatic system is concerned with immune functions in defending the body against infections and the spread of tumours. It consists of connective tissue formed of reticular fibers, with various types of leukocytes, (white blood cells), mostly lymphocytes enmeshed in it, through which the lymph passes. Regions of the lymphoid tissue that are densely packed with lymphocytes are known as "lymphoid follicles". Lymphoid tissue can either be structurally well organized as lymph nodes or may consist

title: Gut-associated lymphoid tissue

text: intestine possesses the largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the human body. The GALT is made up of several types of lymphoid tissue that store immune cells, such as T and B lymphocytes, that carry out attacks and defend against pathogens. New research indicates that GALT may continue to be a major site of HIV activity, even if drug treatment has reduced HIV count in the peripheral blood. The adaptive immunity, mediated by antibodies and T cells, is only found in vertebrates. Whereas all of them have a gut-associated lymphoid tissue and the vast majority have a version of spleen

title: Mucosal associated invariant T cell

text: is why they are often described as innate-like T cells in the peripheral tissue. This thymic development process is found in both mice and human MAIT cell populations. In healthy humans, MAIT cells are found in the lungs, liver, joints, blood, and mucosal tissues, such as the intestinal mucosa. In total, MAIT cells make up roughly 5% of the peripheral T cell population. MAIT cells are most common in the liver, where they usually comprise 20-40% of the T lymphocyte population. The total murine MAIT cell population is roughly ten times smaller than the human MAIT cell population. While MAIT

title: Innate lymphoid cell

text: mucosal surfaces, where they are exposed to infectious agents in the environment. ILC2 cells play a crucial role in the protection against helminthic infection. They are a major early source of IL-13, which can activate T cells and induce physiological responses that will help expel a parasite. These physiological responses include stimulating goblet cell mucus secretion and contraction of smooth muscle. In addition, they secrete signals that recruit and activate mast cells and eosinophils, and which stimulate B cell proliferation. They also secrete Amphiregulin, a member of the epidermal growth factor family, that stimulates tissue repair. This can function to

title: Experiments in immunology

text: include the following: These experiments are used to determine the specificity, amount, isotype and affinity of the antibodies produced. Antibodies are highly specific for their particular antigens. They are therefore relatively easy to isolate and study, and make highly efficient probes in a range of biological experiments. In studying lymphocytes, the first step is to isolate them so that they can be studied in vitro. Lymphocytes can be isolated from blood, or from lymphoid organs such as the thymus, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues. Methods include the following: Upon isolation, the lymphocytes are characterized in terms of

title: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

title: Lymphatic system

text: the bone marrow constitute the primary lymphoid organs involved in the production and early clonal selection of lymphocyte tissues. Bone marrow is responsible for both the creation of T cells and the production and maturation of B cells. From the bone marrow, B cells immediately join the circulatory system and travel to secondary lymphoid organs in search of pathogens. T cells, on the other hand, travel from the bone marrow to the thymus, where they develop further. Mature T cells join B cells in search of pathogens. The other 95% of T cells begin a process of apoptosis, a form

title: Intraepithelial lymphocyte

text: Intraepithelial lymphocyte Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) are lymphocytes found in the epithelial layer of mammalian mucosal linings, such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and reproductive tract. However, unlike other T cells, IELs do not need priming. Upon encountering antigens, they immediately release cytokines and cause killing of infected target cells. In the GI tract, they are components of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). An elevated IEL population, as determined by biopsy, typically indicates ongoing inflammation within the mucosa. In diseases such as celiac sprue, IEL elevation throughout the small intestine is one of many specific markers. Alternatively, elevated IEL populations can be

title: Gut-associated lymphoid tissue

text: with its germinal centers, T cells areas between them in a smaller number and dendritic cells are found. In this area, the subepithelial dome is separated from the intestinal lumen by a layer of follicle-associated epithelium. This contains conventional intestinal epithelial cells and a small number of specialized epitheial cells called microfold cells (M cells) in between. Unlike enterocytes, these M cells present a folded luminal surface instead of the microvilli, do not secrete digestive enzymes or mucus and lack a thick surface of glycocalix. The digestive tract is an important component of the body's immune system. In fact, the

title: Lymphatic system

text: arises from lymphatic tissue. Lymphoid leukaemias and lymphomas are now considered to be tumours of the same type of cell lineage. They are called "leukaemia" when in the blood or marrow and "lymphoma" when in lymphatic tissue. They are grouped together under the name "lymphoid malignancy". Lymphoma is generally considered as either Hodgkin lymphoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Hodgkin lymphoma is characterised by a particular type of cell, called a Reed–Sternberg cell, visible under microscope. It is associated with past infection with the Epstein-Barr Virus, and generally causes a painless "rubbery" lymphadenopathy. It is staged, using Ann Arbor staging. Chemotherapy generally

title: Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue

text: Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue Nasal- or nasopharynx- associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) represents immune system of nasal mucosa and is a part of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in mammals. It protects body from airborne viruses and other infectious agents. In humans, NALT is considered analogous to Waldeyer's ring. NALT in mice is localized on cartilaginous soft palate of upper jaw, it's situated bilaterally on the posterior side of the palate. It consists mainly of lymphocytes, T cell and B cell enriched zones, follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) with epithelial M cells and some erythrocytes. M cells are typical for antigen intake from mucosa. In

text: Tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues Tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues or haematopoietic and lymphoid malignancies are tumors that affect the blood, bone marrow, lymph, and lymphatic system. As those elements are all intimately connected through both the circulatory system and the immune system, a disease affecting one will often affect the others as well, making myeloproliferation and lymphoproliferation (and thus the leukemias and the lymphomas) closely related and often overlapping problems. While uncommon in solid tumors, chromosomal translocations are a common cause of these diseases. This commonly leads to a different approach in diagnosis and treatment

title: Lymphatic system

text: B-cells. Cells in the lymphatic system react to antigens presented or found by the cells directly or by other dendritic cells. When an antigen is recognized, an immunological cascade begins involving the activation and recruitment of more and more cells, the production of antibodies and cytokines and the recruitment of other immunological cells such as macrophages. The study of lymphatic drainage of various organs is important in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. The lymphatic system, because of its closeness to many tissues of the body, is responsible for carrying cancerous cells between the various parts of the body

title: Lymphocytic esophagitis

text: mouth, into the esophagus, in order to visualize and biopsy the mucosa. While the histologic changes in the biopsies are characterized by the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate, consisting primarily of lymphocytes in the absence of other inflammatory cells such as granulocytes, the criteria for making the diagnosis are still unclear. The location of the biopsies, cutoff of number of lymphocytes found in each high-power field of view of the microscope, the presence of spongiosis, and the need for immunohistochemical staining to define lymphocytes are all unclear still. While the diagnosis of lymphocytic esophagitis depends on the biopsy results, certain

title: MALT1

text: MALT1 Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the "MALT1" gene. It's the human paracaspase. Genetic ablation of the paracaspase gene in mice and biochemical studies have shown that paracaspase is a crucial protein for T and B lymphocytes activation. It has an important role in the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, in the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and in T and B lymphocytes proliferation Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. In addition, a role for paracaspase has been shown in the

title: Lamina propria

text: well. Immune cells as well as lymphoid tissue, including lymphoid nodules and capillaries, may be present. Smooth muscle fibers may be in the lamina propria of some tissues, such as the intestinal villi. It is practically void of fat cells. Lymphatics penetrate the mucosa and lie below the basement membrane of the epithelium, from there they drain the lamina propria. The fast rate of cell death and regeneration of the epithelium leaves behind many apoptotic cell bodies. These have been found to go into the lamina propria, most of which are inside its macrophages. Because the epithelium is often under

title: Generalized lymphadenopathy

text: Generalized lymphadenopathy Lymph nodes or 'glands' or "nodes" or "lymphoid tissue" are nodular bodies located throughout the body but clustering in certain areas such as the armpit, back of the neck and the groin. They are part of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is part of the body's immune surveillance system. Blood contains fluid and blood cells. The fluid, which may contain suspended foreign material such as bacteria and viruses, seeps through blood vessel walls into the tissues, where it bathes the body cells and exchanges substances with them. Some of this fluid is then taken up by lymphatic

title: Lymphocyte homing receptor

text: patches is often mediated by L-selectin and limited expression of α4 integrins and other homing receptors prevents these lymphocytes from accessing mucosal effector tissue. Mature lymphocytes are constantly recirculating in the blood and can traffic to secondary lymphoid tissue as well as target tissue including mucosal tissues of the lamina propria, inflammation, and other extralymphoid immune effector sites. Lymphocyte homing receptor expression is altered by antigen exposure. This function enables the adaptive immune system to specialize an immune response in different parts of the body. Upon exposure to antigens, lymphocytes lack homing ability during a period of sessile differentiation and

title: Lymphotoxin alpha

text: producing cells of the body. During embryonic development, LT-α signaling plays an active part in the formation of the gastrointestinal immune system. In particular, LT-α mediated signaling is responsible for the development of intestinal lymphoid structures such as Peyer’s patches. This intestinal lymphoid follicle plays an important role in the immune system of the digestive tract. Peyer’s patches are highly specialized lymphoid nodules located in the intestine. They are surrounded by follicle-associated epithelium and are able to interact with other immune cells through the transcytosis of foreign antigens. In addition to this function, Peyer’s patches facilitate the production Ig-A producing

title: Lamina propria

text: vessel) in the small intestine, as well as lymphoid tissue. Lamina propria also contains glands with the ducts opening on to the mucosal epithelium, that secrete mucus and serous secretions. The lamina propria is also rich in immune cells known as lymphocytes. A majority of these cells are IgA-secreting B cells. The lamina propria is a loose connective tissue, hence it is not as fibrous as the underlying connective tissue of the submucosa. The connective tissue and architecture of the lamina propria is very compressible and elastic, this can be seen in organs that require expansion such as the bladder.

title: Villitis of unknown etiology

text: lymphocytes. The relative proportions of cells vary case by case. The lymphocytes present in VUE are predominantly CD8+ T-cells then CD4. There is usually a ratio of 0.1 to 0.5 for CD4/CD8. The macrophages present are mainly Mac387-, followed by CD68 and HAM56+. Class 2 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens on macrophages are up-regulated at sites of VUE. Neutrophils should not be present at sites of VUE. VUE is a condition involving inflammation and not inflammation. High numbers of neutrophils are present in infectious villitis and not VUE. Inflammatory cells of maternal origin could access the foetal villous stoma in

title: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

long_answer: The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), also called mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue, is a diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various submucosal membrane sites of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract,oral passage, nasopharyngeal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin. MALT is populated by lymphocytes such as T cells and B cells, as well as plasma cells and macrophages, each of which is well situated to encounter antigens passing through the mucosal epithelium. In the case of intestinal MALT, M cells are also present, which sample antigen from the lumen and deliver it to the lymphoid tissue.

short_answers:
breast
eye
gastrointestinal tract
lung
nasopharyngeal tract
oral passage
salivary glands
skin
thyroid


question: when is the publishers clearing house sweepstakes drawing

answers: just after the Super Bowl

title: Publishers Clearing House

text: Publishers Clearing House Publishers Clearing House (PCH) is a direct marketing company that markets merchandise and magazine subscriptions with sweepstakes and prize-based games. Publishers Clearing House was founded in 1953 by Harold Mertz to replace door-to-door magazine subscription sales by a single vendor offering multiple subscriptions by mail. It introduced its sweepstakes in 1967. In the early 1990s, the company was the subject of concerns and legal actions regarding whether consumers were misled about their odds of winning the sweepstakes and whether purchases increased their chances. By 2010, the company had reached settlements with all 50 states. The company acquired

title: Publishers Clearing House

text: advertising the sweepstakes on TV in 1974. It was the only major multi-magazine subscription business until 1977. Former client Time Inc. and several other publishers formed American Family Publishers (AFP) to compete with PCH after the company refused repeated requests by Time for a larger share of sales revenue from magazine subscriptions. AFP and PCH competed for exclusive rights to magazines and for the better promotion and prize ideas. When AFP increased their jackpot to $1 million, then to $10 million in 1985, PCH raised its prizes to match. $7 million in prizes were distributed by 1979, $40 million by

title: Publishers Clearing House

text: gift cards to $2,500, $1 million or $3 million. The larger cash prizes are paid in installments, typically with a balloon payment at 30 years, reducing the present value of prizes to much less than their nominal values. According to the official rules, as of 2018, the odds of winning “$7000 a Week for Life” in Giveaway are 1 in 6.2 billion. The odds of winning a PCH sweepstakes vary depending on the number of entries and what prize or sweepstakes is involved. Smaller prizes have better odds that may vary from one in 223 to one in 80,000, depending

title: Publishers Clearing House

text: 1991 and $137 million by 2000. In 1989 two members of its advertising team, Dave Sayer and Todd Sloane, started the Prize Patrol, a publicized event where winners are surprised with a check at their home. The idea was inspired by the 1950s television series "The Millionaire". In 1992 thousands of discarded sweepstakes entries from contestants who had not bought magazine subscriptions were found in the trash by city employees, reinforcing beliefs that the company favored those who made purchases in selecting a sweepstakes winner. PCH said this was done by a disgruntled employee at their mail processing vendor. A

title: Publishers Clearing House

text: started hiring staff. When PCH moved its headquarters in 1969, its prior location was donated to the city and renamed the Harold E. Mertz community center. The company revenue had grown to US$50 million by 1981, and $100 million by 1988. In 1967 PCH started its first sweepstakes as a way to increase subscription sales, based on the sweepstakes held by "Reader's Digest". The first prizes ranged from 25 cents to $10 and entrants had a 1 in 10 chance of winning. After the sweepstakes increased response rates to mailings, prizes of $5,000 and eventually $250,000 were offered. PCH began

title: American Family Publishers

text: took a more hands-on role in the business, filing for bankruptcy in 1998. Publishers Clearing House (PCH) was a competitor to American Family Publishing that ran similar sweepstakes. The two companies were often mistaken for each other, with "Star Search" host Ed McMahon and "The $25,000 Pyramid" Dick Clark, the spokespeople for AFP, mistaken for representatives of the better-known PCH. PCH continues to remain in business and promote its products by means of sweepstakes. American Family Publishers American Family Publishers was an American company that sold magazine subscriptions. Since its founding in 1977, American Family Publishers (AFP) has been one

title: Publishers Clearing House

text: patrol visiting characters in the show. The Prize Patrol has made in-person appearances or delivered prizes on TV programs such as "The Oprah Winfrey Show" and "The Price Is Right". Their surprise winning moments have been spoofed by Jay Leno, Conan O'Brien and the cast of "Saturday Night Live"; woven into the plots of movies such as "Let's Go to Prison", "The Sentinel" and "Knight and Day"; and the subject of cartoons. Publishers Clearing House Publishers Clearing House (PCH) is a direct marketing company that markets merchandise and magazine subscriptions with sweepstakes and prize-based games. Publishers Clearing House was founded

title: Sweepstake

text: TV". The American Family Publishers sweepstakes used paid advertisements during NBC's "The Tonight Show" to announce its grand prize winners (for many years, its celebrity spokesman was Ed McMahon). All three companies eventually paid fines and penalties to a variety of states who initiated legal actions against them. Of those three companies, only Publishers Clearing House continues to use sweepstakes as a promotional device and as recently as 2010 paid $3.5 million to settle charges that it had violated the terms of a 2001 multi-state agreement for which it was fined $34 million. Sweepstakes are frequently used by fast-food restaurants

title: Publishers Clearing House

text: selling books, media, jewelry and other consumer items since the 1980s. PCH operates eight websites, including PCH Search and Win, PCH Lotto, PCH Games, PCH Save and Win, and Candystand. The company also sells magazine subscriptions at a discount and advertises subscriptions along with its sweepstakes. It's estimated that companies like PCH keep 75-90 percent of the fees from the original subscription, while publishers use the increased distribution to improve circulation numbers and revenue from renewals. PCH popularized the idea of using sweepstakes to sell magazine subscriptions in the direct-marketing market and became known by detractors as a producer of

title: Publishers Clearing House

text: on the prize. The Prize Patrol surprises sweepstakes winners at their homes, work or other locations with cash prizes and captures the event on video. Since their introduction in 1989, these reality TV-style videos of prize-winners surprised at their doorstep with checks for $1,000 to $10 million have been used in widely broadcast television commercials, and, more recently, in the company's online acquisition efforts, websites and social media communications. In 2013, a $5 million television campaign modified the traditional prize patrol commercial by digitally altering video from classic sitcoms like "The Brady Bunch" and "Gilligan's Island" to show the prize

title: American Family Publishers

text: to Florida (the company, at least for some time, routed their mail through St. Petersburg, Florida) in an effort to collect the money that they believed they had won, because of the promotional language contained in the sweepstakes entry forms (for instance, their frequently used phrase You may have already won $10,000,000!, although mitigated by an introductory line that stated "If you have the winning number...," led people to believe that they had already won the major prize). Television exposés have also aired that claim to reveal, through garbology, that the entries of people who did not order magazines were

title: Sweepstake

text: Tennessee state law prohibits sweepstakes agencies and sponsors from requiring sweepstakes prize winners to submit to "in perpetuity" publicity releases. Most corporate-sponsored sweepstakes promoted in the United States limit entry to US citizens, although some allow entry by legal residents of both the United States and Canada. Among the most popularly known sweepstakes in the United States were the American Family Publishers Sweepstakes (now defunct), Publishers Clearing House sweepstakes, and Reader's Digest Sweepstakes, each of which strongly persuaded entrants to purchase magazine subscriptions by placing stickers on contest entry cardstock while promising multimillion-dollar (annuity) winners who will be "announced on

title: Publishers Clearing House

text: mock personalized checks. PCH agreed to avoid similar mailings in the future, and add a "sweepstakes fact box" to mailings. State attorneys spoke out against the national settlement from 2000 and additional lawsuits were filed by individual states. Another $34 million settlement was reached in 2001 in a lawsuit involving 25 states, bringing the total settlements since 1999 to $82 million. As part of the settlement, PCH was required to avoid terms like "Guaranteed Winner," add disclaimers to mailings saying that the recipient has not won and that purchasing merchandise won't increase their chances. PCH reached settlements with all fifty

title: Publishers Clearing House

text: five percent of participants spend more than $300. Government officials from California said 5,000 local consumers paid more than $2,500 each in magazine purchases under the false belief that they were increasing their odds of winning the sweepstakes. Industry sources estimated PCH's response rates decreased by 7-12 percent and its sales volume by 22 to 30 percent in response to the bad publicity from the lawsuits. In 2000, PCH laid off a quarter of its 800-person work force. In 1994 PCH sent mailings telling recipients they were all "finalists", which led to a lawsuit involving the attorneys general of 14

title: Publishers Clearing House

title: American Family Publishers

text: responded to the sweepstakes, regardless of whether a magazine subscription was purchased. Originally based in Newark, New Jersey, then Jersey City, New Jersey, the company's tactics attracted controversy, since the mailings that accompanied the sweepstakes promotions, which invariably included a form via which the recipient could purchase magazine subscriptions, frequently included language that seemed to indicate that the recipient had already won a prize, or was a finalist who had improved chances of winning a prize, when this was not the case. In a related phenomenon connected to the company's promotion tactics, news stories reported cases of elderly Americans travelling

title: Sweepstake

text: answer a fairly simple knowledge question or solve a trivial fill-in-the-blanks guessing competition, making it (in theory, at least) a contest of skill in order to overcome requirements that would classify sweepstakes as a form of gambling under their country's legal definition. There are similar laws in Brazil, usually requiring an answer to an easy "giveaway" question. In Australia, a sweepstake is known as a competition, however the technical name for a consumer competition is a trade promotion lottery. A trade promotion lottery is a free entry lottery conducted to promote goods or services supplied by a business. Unlike in

title: Publishers Clearing House

text: search company Blingo in 2006, online gaming company Funtank in 2010, and mobile marketing company Liquid Wireless in 2012. Publishers Clearing House was founded in 1953 in Port Washington, New York, by Harold Mertz, a former manager of a door-to-door sales team for magazine subscriptions. The company started in Mertz's basement with help from his wife LuEsther and daughter Joyce. Its first mailings were of 10,000 envelopes from Mertz's home in Long Island, New York, and offered 20 magazine subscriptions. 100 orders were received. Within a few years the company moved out of Mertz's basement into an office building and

title: Numbers game

text: the "clearinghouse" parlors, which calculated the winners and paid off at 500 to 1 odds, keeping 15 cents on the dollar, on an average day when no "hot" number hit, for themselves. In the evening the runner would make the rounds again to deliver the cash winnings to those writers whose customers had hit the winning number, and winners would be paid. A number of bars, private clubs and taverns around town, including the "Tia Juana", served as centers of the action where bettors and writers would congregate and wait for the winners to be announced. After a 1955 car

title: Sweepstake

text: stop abuse of sweepstakes. Today, sweepstakes in the USA are used as marketing promotions to reward existing consumers and to draw attention to a product. By definition, the winner is determined by luck rather than skill. Sweepstakes with large grand prizes tend to attract more entries regardless of the odds of winning. Therefore, the value of smaller prizes usually totals much less than that of the top prize. Firms that rely on sweepstakes for attracting customers, such as Publishers Clearing House and Reader's Digest, have also found that the more involved the entry process, the more entrants. Businesses often obtain

title: The Cat in the Hat

text: sales, which encompassed copies of the book sold at book stores, while Houghton Mifflin retained the education rights, which encompassed copies sold to schools. The Houghton Mifflin edition was released in January or February 1957, and the Random House edition was released on March 1. The two editions featured different covers but were otherwise identical. The first edition can be identified by the "200/200" mark in the top right corner of the front dust jacket flap, signifying the $2.00 selling price. The price was reduced to $1.95 on later editions. According to Judith and Neil Morgan, the book sold well

title: Sweepstake

text: Commercial Code, these lottery scratch card promotions can be entered with non-winning tickets that are picked up as litter. Sweepstake A sweepstake is a type of contest where a prize or prizes may be awarded to a winner or winners. Sweepstakes began as a form of lottery that were tied to products sold. In response, the FCC and FTC refined U.S. broadcasting laws (creating the anti-lottery laws). Under these laws sweepstakes became strictly "No Purchase Necessary to Enter or Win" and "A Purchase Will not Increase Your Chances of Winning", especially since many sweepstakes companies skirted the law by stating

title: Sweepstake

text: prize competitions and prize draws are free of statutory control under the Gambling Act 2005 but should follow the CAP Code. In the United States, sweepstake sponsors are very careful to disassociate themselves from any suggestion that players must pay to enter, or pay to win, since this would constitute gambling. Sweepstakes typically involve enticements to enter a consumer promotion with prizes that range from substantial wins such as cars or large sums of money to smaller prizes that are currently popular with consumers. There should be no monetary cost to the entrant (although some sweepstakes require entrants to subscribe

title: Sweepstake

text: Sweepstake A sweepstake is a type of contest where a prize or prizes may be awarded to a winner or winners. Sweepstakes began as a form of lottery that were tied to products sold. In response, the FCC and FTC refined U.S. broadcasting laws (creating the anti-lottery laws). Under these laws sweepstakes became strictly "No Purchase Necessary to Enter or Win" and "A Purchase Will not Increase Your Chances of Winning", especially since many sweepstakes companies skirted the law by stating only "No Purchase Necessary to Enter", removing the consideration (one of the three legally required elements of gambling) to

title: Sweepstakes parlor

text: Sweepstakes parlor A sweepstakes parlor (or sweepstakes café) is an establishment that gives away chances to win prizes with the purchase of a product or service, typically internet access or telephone cards. They began to appear in the Southern United States some time around 2005, and quickly proliferated. Purchased entries are redeemed using computers at the establishment, which contain specialized software that presents whether a participant has won a prize. Results are often presented using mechanisms that resemble casino games, such as slots, and the facility itself may contain casino motifs in their overall decor. There is controversy associated with

title: American Family Publishers

text: American Family Publishers American Family Publishers was an American company that sold magazine subscriptions. Since its founding in 1977, American Family Publishers (AFP) has been one of America's leading marketers of magazine subscriptions. AFP is jointly owned by TAF Holdings, Inc. (a subsidiary of Time Inc.) and a group of private investors. It is best known for running sweepstakes in which a large amount of money was offered as the grand prize (in a range of several hundred thousand to one or more million dollars). The winner was chosen at random, by a professional auditing company, from among all who

title: Sweepstakes parlor

text: internet access or telephone cards. When a purchase is made, a number of chances to win prizes are given to the consumer. Proponents compare this practice to similar promotional giveaways by other businesses, such as McDonald's' "Monopoly" promotion, which are legal in most areas. In one example of a sweepstakes parlor that sells phone cards, the operator gives away 100 chances for every dollar spent on a phone card. Chances may also be given without a purchase just for coming into the establishment. Sweepstakes parlors are most often located in or adjacent to strip malls. Computer terminals are set up

title: Reader's Digest

text: marketing has been undertaken by the company to adapt to shifting media landscape. In 2001, 32 states attorneys general reached agreements with the company and other sweepstakes operators to settle allegations that they tricked the elderly into buying products because they were a "guaranteed winner" of a lottery. The settlement required the companies to expand the type size of notices in the packaging that no purchase is necessary to play the sweepstakes, and to: The UK edition of "Reader's Digest" has also been criticised by the Trading Standards Institute for preying on the elderly and vulnerable with misleading bulk mailings

title: Sweepstake

text: marketing information about their customers from sweepstakes entries. Here, products are for free, and the company does not ask for specific knowledge for providing answers in the contests. Because of their potential for abuse, sweepstakes are heavily regulated in many countries. The US, Canada, and individual US states all have laws covering sweepstakes, so there are special rules depending on where the entrant lives. The U.S. Federal Trade Commission exercises some authority over sweepstakes promotion and sweepstakes scams in the United States. Notably, sweepstakes in Canada, Australia, and several European countries require entrants to solve an elementary-school-level mathematical puzzle or

title: Publishers Clearing House

text: US states. Later that year, PCH denied wrongdoing, but agreed to pay a settlement of $490,000 and to change their practices. Under the agreement, PCH said it would define terms like "finalist" and disclose the chances of winning. In 1997, a contestant of competitor AFP flew to Tampa, Florida, thinking he had won, though he had not. The resulting publicity caused more lawsuits for both companies. PCH reached a $30 million national settlement in 1999. In 2000, another $18 million settlement was reached with 24 states, after the company sent mass mailings that said "You are a winner!" and used

title: Publishers Clearing House

long_answer: Although PCH advertises its sweepstakes along with magazine subscriptions, no purchase is necessary to enter or win. In 1995, PCH began the tradition of announcing winners of its $10 million prize just after the Super Bowl. As of 2012, $225 million in prizes have been distributed. Some of its larger prizes are for $5,000 a week for life, or $10 million. Prizes can also range from $1 Amazon gift cards to $2,500, $1 million or $3 million. The larger cash prizes are paid in installments, typically with a balloon payment at 30 years, reducing the present value of prizes to much less than their nominal values.


question: where does summer of the monkeys take place

answers: Oklahoma

answers: Missouri

title: Summer of the Monkeys (film)

text: place in rural Canada and featured Heritage Park Historical Village 0-6-0 Steam Locomotive #2024 as the Circus train. It was built by Lima Locomotive Works in 1944 and originally US Army Locomotive #4076. Shots of the park's town were also used for town scenes. Common Sense Media gave the movie 4/5 stars. It gained an 8+ rating, stating "adventurous family drama is okay for older kids."<br> In a negative review, Leonard Kladley of "Variety.com" wrote, "While the sentiments are noble, the storytelling is banal and predictable. Script by Greg Taylor and Jim Strain is cookie-cutter clean and shamelessly telegraphs its

title: The Monkeys (company)

text: Created by Simone Brandse and Justin Drape it is constructed from 450 kg of steel and PVC. The 13 metre large-scale bendy straw stuck out from the ocean beside Bondi’s popular coastal walk. People were encouraged to upload videos of their summer experiences to a website. Every upload was geolocated using Google API technology to create a map of summer where visitors could browse the video content. Filmmaker George Miller and Screen Australia have since created a short film from the uploaded footage. The film premiered at the 2011 Sydney Film Festival in June 2011 The "Map My Summer" film

title: Summer of the Monkeys (film)

text: the monkey's mess, punish Jay from working at Sam's store for the next two weeks. The next day, Jay runs back to the river bottoms to get revenge on the monkeys. He finds a box of ashes and runs to Bayliss' cabin to make a deal with him about the monkeys. Bayliss finds out that he set the bear trap and gets angry. Sam finds Jay and decides to take him to Ridgewell to research the monkeys. Jay's parents are reluctant as Jay has been disobedient, but Sam tells Mrs. Lee about when he didn't let her go to the

title: In the Heat of the Sun

text: the streets of Beijing day and night because the Cultural Revolution has caused their parents and most adults to be either busy or away and school system was extremely nonfunctional then. Most of the story happens during one summer, so the main characters are even more free because there is no school. The events of that summer revolve around Monkey's dalliances with his roguish male friends, and his subsequent angst-filled crush on one of the older female characters, Mi Lan (Ning Jing). Mi Lan falls instead for Monkey's friend, Liu Yiku. The film was a co-production between three Chinese studios,

title: Summer of the Monkeys (film)

text: out to trap them. Jay makes a trail of apples leading the monkeys to the family farm, to trap them under a heavy box. The trap fails, so Jay borrows a monkey doll from Daisy for bait and places a bear trap. The monkeys arrive, and mess up the entire house. Daisy sets out to follow Jay to the bottoms, when Bayliss Hatcher steps in the bear trap and accidentally shoots his gun into the sky. Scared by the gunshot, she falls down a steep hill. Jay hears Daisy calling for help and comes to her rescue. Their parents, seeing

title: 12 Monkeys (TV series)

text: Additional filming for the first season took place in the Republic of Macedonia, standing in for Chechnya, and the Dominican Republic, masquerading as Haiti. During the second season, production filmed for roughly 10 days in Budapest. Filming in Prague took place for about three weeks for the third season. The reason for moving to Europe was to benefit from the different flair and to use the older architecture for 1950s stand-ins. Production returned to Prague for the fourth season. Standing sets used in the series were changed constantly to reflect both older and newer versions of the locales and also

title: Summer of the Monkeys

text: 1998 American family adventure-drama film directed by Michael Anderson and stars Corey Sevier as Jay Berry Lee, a young boy who discovers circus monkeys living in the forest near his home. The movie also stars Michael Ontkean and Leslie Hope as Jay Berry's parents, as well as Katie Stuart, Don Francks, and Wilford Brimley. The book was made into the movie in 1997 by Edge Productions in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan and received a limited theatrical release in both Canada and the United States in 1998 and was released on home video in the United States by Walt Disney Home Video, a

title: Monkey Town (novel)

text: Monkey Town (novel) Monkey Town: The Summer of the Scopes Trial is a 2006 novel written by American author Ronald Kidd. The story is set in summer 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee, and is based on the Scopes Trial. Frances Robinson, a fifteen-year-old daydreamer, lives in Dayton, a small town in Tennessee. When the summer starts, she wants only to play tennis and drink Coke. However, things bounce out of normal range when her father, the school board chairman, arrests local teacher (and Frances' friend and love interest) John Scopes for teaching Charles Darwin's evolution theory in class, in an effort

title: Summer of the Monkeys (film)

text: their parents forbid her physical activity. The next morning, Jay arrives at his Grandpa Sam Ferrans' general store looking for a job. On the way there, his dog Rowdy goes to explore the forbidden river bottoms. Jay hears monkeys screeching in the distance and after visiting the store, he discovers the monkeys camping on the drunk Bayliss Hatcher's property. Jay tells Daisy his discovery, but she doesn't believe him. Jay returns to his grandfather's store and finds a wanted poster of the monkeys, paired with a bounty of $85. Toby and two other bullies also find the poster and set

title: Summer of the Monkeys

text: secretly wishes that Jay Berry may be able to buy the pony and rifle that he has long desired. Soon afterward, a fierce storm frightens the monkeys into accompanying him into captivity, and he quickly returns them to the circus for his reward. Although he considers buying the pony and rifle, he chooses to finance Daisy's surgery instead. By the conclusion, he and his grandfather have accumulated enough money to buy him a paint pony. Daisy was able to gather enough money to get him a .22 gun while she was in the city. Summer of the Monkeys is a

title: Pete the Monkey Festival

text: Pete the Monkey Festival The Pete the Monkey festival is an outdoor music festival which takes place over three days each July and is situated in rural "Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer" in upper Normandy. Aside from hosting music and arts, the event's main target is to raise funds for a monkey sanctuary in "El Chapar", Bolivia. The festival site is 150 meters from the beach and the organisers aim to present emerging artists from both sides of the English channel. French national newspaper Le Monde reviewed the festival in 2014, calling it "a secret little paradise". At the fourth edition of the festival,

title: Summer of the Monkeys (film)

text: and gives Daisy a horseback ride. Jay notices his father making a horse stall for Annie and tells him not to, explaining that the $85 will instead pay for Daisy's operation. Daisy overhears, and gives Jay a hug. Jay then walks Annie back to the ranch. The book was adapted into a film in 1997 by Edge Productions in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, received a limited theatrical release in both Canada and the United States in 1998, and was released on home video in the United States by Walt Disney Home Video, a subsidiary of Buena Vista Home Entertainment, Inc. It takes

title: Pete the Monkey Festival

text: bands. This stage is situated in the forest area, and serves live music and DJ sets through wireless headphones. Pete the Monkey Festival The Pete the Monkey festival is an outdoor music festival which takes place over three days each July and is situated in rural "Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer" in upper Normandy. Aside from hosting music and arts, the event's main target is to raise funds for a monkey sanctuary in "El Chapar", Bolivia. The festival site is 150 meters from the beach and the organisers aim to present emerging artists from both sides of the English channel. French national newspaper Le

title: Summer of the Monkeys (film)

text: Jay returns home, he sets up a place in the barn for the monkeys. A storm arrives, destroying the farm's surroundings. Afterwards, Jay discovers Bayliss' cabin was destroyed, and that Bayliss has died. Heartbroken, Jay goes with his father to get supplies for repairs. Before they go, Daisy shows her family a garden of mushrooms that have appeared. Jay discovers that Jacques the monkey is dying and takes him home for care. The other monkeys also arrive. The owner Jobert arrives at the farm and gives Jay $85 for finding them. In the morning, Jay borrows Annie from the ranch

title: Summer of the Monkeys

title: Summer of the Monkeys

text: the direction of his grandfather, Jay Berry contacts the circus and is advised to attempt to befriend Jimbo. Upon returning to the monkeys' grove, he finds them around a hidden still; the drunken monkeys indeed befriend him, but their gesture of friendship is a gift of whiskey that leaves him drunk. After returning to his shocked family, he goes with his grandfather to a nearby town to visit the library and discover alternate methods of monkey-catching. Having bought supplies, they return home, but the monkeys steal it all. Daisy discovers a fairy ring, and believing it capable of granting wishes,

title: The Last Day of Summer (film)

text: The Last Day of Summer (film) The Last Day of Summer is a 2007 television movie broadcast by Nickelodeon on July 20, 2007. Luke Malloy and his friends, A.J. and Riley, perform together as a band named Steel Monkey. They are starting middle school in two days, warned by Luke's older sister Diana of the dangers of junior high and of the bully, Meat, who constantly threatens incoming sixth graders. Luke dismisses Diana's warnings and the boys sleepover in a tent that night. The following morning, the boys visit a carnival, where Steel Monkey is scheduled to perform in a

title: Monkey: Journey to the West

text: in July 2008, but instead took place at the London Royal Opera House. The show also ran at the O2 arena in London, ending on 4 January 2009. A residency for the show in China during 2009 was considered. "Monkey: Journey to the West" opened the 2013 Lincoln Center Festival in July. Monkey hatches from a stone egg and makes his home in the forest. Over time, he becomes obsessed with seeking immortality, and travels the world to find a teacher. He finds Subodhi in the Mountain of Heart and Mind, who gives him the name Sun Wu Kong —

title: 12 Monkeys (TV series)

text: for the season's fourth episode, "Brothers". In a change over how the previous seasons were released, Syfy aired the entire third season over three consecutive nights. A fourth and final season was announced on March 16, 2017. It consisted of 11 episodes, which premiered on June 15, 2018, and concluded on July 6, 2018. The pilot for "12 Monkeys" was filmed in Detroit. Starting with the second episode, the bulk of principal photography for the series took place in Toronto, both on location and at the Cinespace Film Studios, where they constructed sets like the room with the time machine.

title: Summer of the Monkeys

text: effort to gaining enough money to pay for reconstructive surgery. One day, while looking for their lost milk cow, Jay Berry discovers monkeys in a nearby river bottom. Visiting his grandfather's store, he learns that they have escaped from a travelling circus, which has offered a vast reward for their capture: $100 for the chief monkey, "Jimbo", and $2 each for the others. Jay Berry makes multiple attempts to capture them using traps and a net borrowed from his grandfather, but he gains only scratches and bites from them, at one point even losing his pants in the process. Under

title: 12 Monkeys (TV series)

text: alterations to the locations that resulted from the characters' trips through time. Todd McMullen served as director of photography for the pilot, but once the series was ordered to series, David Greene replaced him. After shooting the first five episodes, Greene asked the producers if it would be possible to bring in an additional cinematographer so that they could alternate. Tico Poulakakis was brought in and filmed three episodes for the first season. In the second season, Greene and Poulakakis were joined by Boris Mojsovski, who became Greene's main alternate until the end of the series. To get more shooting

title: Summer of the Monkeys (film)

text: fair to visit a pig she wanted to see. His parents agree. Sam takes Jay to the library where Jay meets a woman named Rose who tells him information and many ways to train the monkeys. Sam shows Jay the house Bayliss used to live in and tells Jay that Bayliss' family left him due to his drinking. Later, when returning with Rowdy to the bottoms, Jay saves Jacques from Toby's bear trap. Toby, in a fight with Jay. hits Rowdy with the bear trap, injuring the dog. Bayliss Hatcher scares the bullies away and heals Jay and Rowdy. After

title: Kansas City Zoo

text: incorporate their historically significant features. Monkey Island was the centerpiece of the Valley. The island was surrounded by a moat wide and deep. The Monkey Island exhibit opened in June 1946 with rhesus monkeys. Fifteen years after the exhibit opened, 30 mangabeys escaped. Many of the mangabeys were lured back to the exhibit with food; however, eleven remained loose for the entire summer until they were eventually captured as the weather began to turn cooler. Monkey Island was demolished in 1992 and replaced by a new exhibit for red pandas, musk deer, and maned wolf. Most of the Valley was

title: Summer of the Monkeys (film)

text: Berry Lee is fighting a bully named Toby on the last day of school when Jay steals his prized pocketknife. Their teacher Miss Freeman stops the fight, returning the pocketknife to Toby. Jay later visits a man, Mr. Patterson, at his horse ranch and is desperate to buy Annie - his favorite horse. Mr. Patterson promises Annie to Jay if he pays no less than $75. When Jay returns home, he is punished for the fight. When Daisy, his crippled sister, sneaks a biscuit to him, she sees Jay's drawings of the horse. She then explains her own resentment, as

title: Kids' WB Specials

text: WB gave their weekday lineup a monkey-related theme to go along with "Mad Mad Mad Monkey Summer" and entitled it "Ooh Ooh Ahh Ahh (Just for Kids) Island". As a special, until July 30, 2004, viewers could enter online to be the Monkey King of the day and have their picture on a monkey's body on TV. This promo lasted longer than Mad Mad Mad Monkey Summer (which ended August 21, 2004, Ooh Ooh Ahh Ahh ended October 22, 2004) and beginning September 17, 2004, Kids' WB entitled the Friday lineup "Gotta See-ee-eeh Falls", as they showed encore episodes of

title: A Monkey in Winter (film)

text: A Monkey in Winter (film) A Monkey in Winter () is a 1962 French drama film directed by Henri Verneuil. It is based on the novel "A Monkey in Winter" by Antoine Blondin. Set in a Normandy seaside town, it recounts the meeting and parting of two men at odds with life, one an old hotel keeper who dreams of dashing deeds in pre-war China and the other a young advertising executive who imagines he is an incarnation of Hispanic masculinity. With his dutiful but unimaginative wife Suzanne, Albert Quentin runs a small hotel in a little town on the

title: Monkey: Journey to the West

text: Theatre, Manchester, where it ran until 7 July. The Festival also ran a programme of educational workshops in local schools, in partnership with Manchester's Chinese Arts Centre. In the programme, local children were introduced to the tale of "Journey to the West", and learnt about various aspects of Chinese culture, music and dance, including mask-making, puppet-making, T'ai chi and Kung Fu. It was subsequently staged at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris between 26 September – 13 October 2007 and at the Spoleto Festival USA in Charleston, SC in May 2008. A further run was planned for the Berlin Staatsoper

title: Kids' WB Specials

text: activities. It is a nationwide traveling show, usually at Six Flags Theme Park. Beginning June 5, 2004, Kids' WB gave their lineup a monkey-based theme, entitling it "Mad Mad Mad Monkey Summer". They did promos such as "1001 Uses For a Banana" showing a Kids' WB character in need of a banana (usually where it doesn't help or makes things worse), "Stump the Monkey!" where viewers could go online and ask the monkey, "Professor Oo-oo-oo" questions, and pranks where someone in a gorilla costume would pop up randomly in a public area, scaring someone. Also, beginning June 14, 2004, Kids'

title: Sprung Monkey

text: of Taylor Steele's 1993 surf movie titled "Momentum II". Sprung Monkey Sprung Monkey is an American band that originated in San Diego, California, USA, initially active from 1991 to 2002, and again since 2005. Sprung Monkey consists of five members, Steve Summers for the vocals, Mike Summers and William Riley for the guitars, Ernie Longoria for the drums, and Ryan Flores for the bass guitar. The band achieved mainstream success with their anthem "Get 'Em Outta Here" from their third album, "Mr. Funnyface", later featured in the film "10 Things I Hate About You". This success resulted in supporting The

title: A Monkey in Winter (film)

text: Lisieux, to face his own long winter. Bosley Crowther of "The New York Times" wrote that while "nothing great or profound is offered in this whimsey", "this moodily masculine story has a strong strain of wistfulness that laces its robust humor and gives it more than merely comic quality." He applauded the performances of all the main actors. "Un singe en hiver" was shot in Villerville. Villerville celebrated the film's 50th anniversary with many events from 30 June to 20 October 2012. A Monkey in Winter (film) A Monkey in Winter () is a 1962 French drama film directed by

title: Summer of the Monkeys

long_answer: The book is set at the end of the nineteenth century. The protagonist is a 14-year-old boy named Jay Berry Lee, who had enjoyed an idyllic childhood. Born to Missouri sharecroppers, he moves with his family to Oklahoma after his grandfather offers them free land. Daisy, his sister, has a crippled leg, and they devote much effort to gaining enough money to pay for reconstructive surgery. One day, while looking for their lost milk cow, Jay Berry discovers monkeys in a nearby river bottom. Visiting his grandfather's store, he learns that they have escaped from a travelling circus, which has offered a vast reward for their capture: $100 for the chief monkey, "Jimbo", and $2 each for the others. Jay Berry makes multiple attempts to capture them using traps and a net borrowed from his grandfather, but he gains only scratches and bites from them, at one point even losing his pants in the process.

short_answers: Missouri Oklahoma


question: when does ellen's new game show start

answers: December 18, 2017

title: Ellen's Game of Games

text: can win the game without having to answer a question when opponents all fail. Starting in Season Two, when two contestants remain, the round ends and new rules are put in effect. When one contestant misses, the other remaining contestant must answer the same question correctly to win the game. Both players will remain in the game if neither player answers the question correctly. The game ends when one contestant misses, and the opponent correctly answers the same question. The contestant has 30 seconds to identify the faces of ten celebrities that fit a certain category (e.g. "80s Stars"). After

title: Ellen's Game of Games

text: for a 13-episode second season. Each episode is a self-contained mini-tournament with contestants being selected to play in one of four preliminary games. The winner of each game advances to the semi-final round to play "Know or Go." The last remaining player will play the "Hot Hands" game for a chance to win $100,000. The contestants that won their preliminary games, answer questions based on a variety of topics. When an incorrect answer is given, the contestant is dropped through a trap door. The question-and-answer rounds continue until one contestant remains. A major criticism of the rule is a contestant

title: Game of Games

text: or go' competing for $50,000). Every show begins with a short intro showing some of the games that would be played and the $50,000 prize. It then introduces Grant Denyer by saying "It's game time!". Game of Games Game of Games is an Australian TV game show hosted by Grant Denyer based on the American game show "Ellen's Game of Games". It premiered on Network Ten on Sunday, 7 October 2018 at 7:30pm and on 24 November 2018 Channel Ten changed its timeslot to 7:00pm every Saturday. "Game of Games" has a similar format to its US counterpart, "Ellen's Game

title: Ellen (TV series)

text: reruns again, on 1AM-2AM ET Sunday mornings, starting with the second season. Before long, it went into the 1:30AM-2AM ET time slot Monday-Friday. The reruns stopped two episodes into the controversial final season. Oxygen then picked up the entire series to air starting October 4, 2004, daily at midnight and noon ET, but it has since been removed from the schedule. In September 2013, "Ellen" began airing on FX Monday-Saturday from 9-11am. Reruns of the show aired in the UK on ABC1 until the channel closed in September 2007. These were shown only on weekend mornings, along with other Touchstone

title: Ellen (TV series)

text: Pictures productions. No other UK channels are currently airing the show. In Australia episodes air on 111 HITS weekdays in a daytime timeslot. New Zealand is currently airing double episode reruns on TVNZ TV2 every Monday night. In Canada, it is currently being aired by TVtropolis. As of April 2015, the show can be seen weekday afternoons on the comedy-focused digital subchannel LAFF. On October 11, 2017, the entire series was made available for streaming on Hulu as part of 'National Coming Out Day'. A&E Home Video has released the entire series on DVD in Region 1. These DVDs do

title: The Ellen DeGeneres Show

text: The Ellen DeGeneres Show The Ellen DeGeneres Show (often shortened to Ellen and stylized as ellen) is an American television variety comedy talk show hosted by comedian Ellen DeGeneres. Debuting on September 8, 2003, it is produced by Telepictures and airs in syndication, including stations owned by NBCUniversal. For its first five seasons, the show was taped in Studio 11 at NBC Studios in Burbank, California. From season 6 onwards, the show moved to being taped at Stage 1 on the nearby Warner Bros. lot. Since the beginning of the sixth season, "Ellen" has been broadcast in high definition. The

title: Ellen's Design Challenge

text: Ellen's Design Challenge Ellen's Design Challenge is an American furniture design reality competition series that premiered on January 26, 2015, on HGTV. The six-episode first season was announced in April 2014, as the first cable television series executive produced by talk show host Ellen DeGeneres. In June 2015, HGTV renewed the series for a second season, that premiered on January 18, 2016. The competition series features six furniture designers competing together by showing their abilities in sketching, designing and building furniture within 24 hours. Contestants must demonstrate their creativity and versatility in order to impress a panel of judges after

title: Wednesday 9:30 (8:30 Central)

text: attempt to please all sorts of minority groups without displeasing others. The series was a mid-season replacement, premiering on Wednesday, March 27, 2002 at (of course) 9:30 pm, 8:30 Central Time. Series creator Peter Tolan had earlier written "The Larry Sanders Show", "Ellen" and "Murphy Brown". The series was able to attract big-name guest stars, such as Lori Loughlin, John Ritter, Garry Shandling and Lisa Rinna, who all appeared as themselves in the first few episodes. However, low ratings caused ABC to put the series on hiatus after just two episodes, and ultimately cancel it. Three more episodes aired after

title: Game of Games

text: Game of Games Game of Games is an Australian TV game show hosted by Grant Denyer based on the American game show "Ellen's Game of Games". It premiered on Network Ten on Sunday, 7 October 2018 at 7:30pm and on 24 November 2018 Channel Ten changed its timeslot to 7:00pm every Saturday. "Game of Games" has a similar format to its US counterpart, "Ellen's Game of Games". The show consists of a number of preliminary games, a game of 'know or go' (with the four preliminary game winners competing in it) and then 'hot hands' (with the winner of 'know

title: Game Show Network

text: into an agreement with Bounce TV allowing it the broadcast rights to "The Newlywed Game", "Catch 21" and "The American Bible Challenge". "The American Bible Challenge" aired in reruns on UP in fall 2013 and again in spring 2015. "Drew Carey's Improv-A-Ganza" recently aired on Laff. Game Show Network Game Show Network is an American pay television channel that is a joint venture between Sony Pictures Television (owning a 58% interest) and AT&T (holding 42% through WarnerMedia). The channel's programming is primarily dedicated to game shows, including reruns of classic game shows, along with new, first-run original and revived game

title: The Ellen Show

text: 4, 2014. Paramount Pictures Home Entertainment, in partnership with CBS Home Entertainment, owns the international rights. The complete series was released in Region 4 (Australia) as a 2 DVD set on February 1, 2017 by Umbrella Entertainment. The Ellen Show The Ellen Show is a television sitcom created by and starring Ellen DeGeneres that was broadcast during the 2001–02 season on CBS. It was DeGeneres's second attempt at a sitcom, following "Ellen" on ABC (1994–98), but it was unable to attract strong ratings and was quickly cancelled after 13 episodes, leaving 5 episodes unaired. After coming out as a lesbian

title: Effect of the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike on television

text: skits); by contrast, Sony Pictures' "Jeopardy!" and "Wheel of Fortune", and Disney's "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire" had their quiz questions researched and written by WGA writers under deals with their producers. The first season of the game show "Duel" premiered on December 17, 2007, and ended on December 23, 2007; the first season of the show was the only game show, and thus the only strike-replacement program, that was affected by the strike. The second season premiered on April 4, 2008, and ended on July 25, 2008, with an 8-week break between May 2 and June 27. A

title: The Ellen Show

text: and takes a job as a guidance counselor at her former high school. The show was created by Carol Leifer and Mitchell Hurwitz, who co-wrote the pilot episode. The original title was "Ellen Again". "The Ellen Show" produced 18 episodes, but was canceled mid-way through its season. The final 5 episodes were never broadcast, but are available on DVD. Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released the complete series on DVD in Region 1 in a 2-disc box set on July 11, 2006. In 2014, Mill Creek Entertainment acquired the rights to the series and subsequently re-released the complete series on February

title: Starface

text: two options. If the player answers ten questions correctly in 60 seconds, he/she wins a trip; otherwise, $100 is awarded for each correct answer. GSN decided not to renew the show for a second season due to poor ratings. In early November, the show was replaced by "I've Got a Secret" in the 9:30 PM time slot, leaving only a 3:30 PM weekend airing until January 2007, when the show was completely removed from the schedule and "Match Game PM" took its former weekend slot. The show was famous for recycling certain sound effects. The correct answer ding is the

title: Ellen's Game of Games

title: Ellen's Game of Games

text: identifying a celebrity, the contestant must press a button to move on to the next face. Contestants may pass if they are unsure but will need to wait three seconds until the next face automatically appears. Contestants earn an escalating amount of money based on the number of faces they correctly identify, as shown in the table below. Correctly identifying ten celebrities earns the grand prize of $100,000. In Germany, Sat.1 broadcasts a local version of the show hosted by Bülent Ceylan, which has broadcast since 14 September 2018. In Australia, Network Ten has a local version of the show,

title: The Ellen Show

text: The Ellen Show The Ellen Show is a television sitcom created by and starring Ellen DeGeneres that was broadcast during the 2001–02 season on CBS. It was DeGeneres's second attempt at a sitcom, following "Ellen" on ABC (1994–98), but it was unable to attract strong ratings and was quickly cancelled after 13 episodes, leaving 5 episodes unaired. After coming out as a lesbian on her first sitcom, DeGeneres's character on "The Ellen Show", Ellen Richmond, was also a lesbian, although the show did not focus as heavily on the character's sexuality as did the final season of her first sitcom.

title: Game Show Network

text: 2010. On November 18, 2010, Game Show Network announced that Drew Carey would host a new improvisational comedy show entitled "Drew Carey's Improv-A-Ganza" in the Spring of 2011 on April 11, 2011. The shows were filmed at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas in January and February 2011. The show lasted forty episodes before being canceled due to low ratings. In the fall of 2012, GSN premiered a new revival titled "The Pyramid", with Mike Richards hosting. "The American Bible Challenge" with Jeff Foxworthy became the channel's most popular program of all time, with the series premiere being watched by

title: How Much Is Enough?

text: series premiered on January 8, 2008, An online mini game based on the show was released earlier that week. airing in the 9:00 PM time slot. On March 28, 2008, GSN aired the series' final episode. How Much Is Enough? How Much Is Enough? is a game show that aired on Game Show Network from January 8, 2008 to March 28, 2008. The show was hosted by Corbin Bernsen with four contestants competing with a "money clock" to avoid being the "greediest" contestant. Despite high expectations among production staff, with one member calling it a potentially "network-defining" show that would

title: Ellen's Design Challenge

text: made and "recognize[s] Katie as the legitimate winner of the show." The controversy has since raised some questions whether it was a publicity stunt. Ellen's Design Challenge Ellen's Design Challenge is an American furniture design reality competition series that premiered on January 26, 2015, on HGTV. The six-episode first season was announced in April 2014, as the first cable television series executive produced by talk show host Ellen DeGeneres. In June 2015, HGTV renewed the series for a second season, that premiered on January 18, 2016. The competition series features six furniture designers competing together by showing their abilities in

title: Deal or No Deal (U.S. game show)

text: Curry and Frank Nicotero were also among the candidates. NBC also had concerns that the syndicated show would harm the prime time show, as "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire" had suffered from overexposure. However, the syndicated version debuted September 8, 2008, with Mandel as host. Initially, NBC planned to package this program with the Program Partners-produced "Merv Griffin's Crosswords" for its first season, as its owned and operated stations were already airing "Crosswords" and were picking up "Deal or No Deal" as well. However, this was later scrapped after "Crosswords" abruptly stopped production after its first season and most,

title: Winsanity

text: head-to-head format. The second season was originally to have premiered on November 27, 2017; however, it was later pulled from GSN's schedule without explanation. The new episodes eventually appeared beginning on April 2, 2018. The premiere episodes performed relatively well by GSN standards, garnering 501,000 and 416,000 viewers for the two episodes airing on June 9. A combined total of 13.5 million viewers watched the series during its 40-episode first season. Winsanity Winsanity is an American television game show broadcast by Game Show Network (GSN). The series, hosted by Donald Faison, premiered June 9, 2016. The game begins with contestants

title: Ellen (TV series)

text: Ellen (TV series) Ellen is an American television sitcom that aired on the ABC network from March 29, 1994, to July 22, 1998, consisting of 109 episodes. The title role is Ellen Morgan, played by stand-up comedian Ellen DeGeneres, a neurotic bookstore owner in her thirties. The title of the series was These Friends of Mine for the first season, but it was subsequently changed to avoid confusion with the NBC series "Friends", which premiered in September 1994. The series centered on Ellen's dealing with her quirky friends, her family, and the problems of daily life, set in Los Angeles.

title: Merv Griffin's Crosswords

text: (i.e., the first taped episode on September 10, the second on September 11, and so on – lacking repeats – through the 225th episode on July 18); this made it impossible for casual viewers to date rerun episodes (much like most original programs broadcast by Game Show Network) and were thus not able to determine whether one episode from a particular format was taped before or after another episode using the same format – indeed, the first episode ever "aired" was in fact the 27th one "taped", with no discernible rhyme or reason as to why certain episodes aired when

title: The Larry Sanders Show

text: received nominations for Outstanding Guest Actor and Guest Actress in a Comedy Series. The show was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Series-Musical or Comedy. It received two Directors Guild of America Award nominations; one for Holland for "Everybody Loves Larry", another for Alan Myerson for "Ellen, Or Isn't She?" It was also nominated for two Writers' Guild of America Awards: one for Maya Forbes for "The Book" and another for Shandling, John Markus and Judd Apatow for "Ellen, Or Isn't She?" The season premiered on March 15, 1998 and ended on May 31, 1998. Shandling decided to

title: Family Feud (2014 Australian game show)

text: had decided to axe "Family Feud". The show was replaced in the timeslot by another game show, "Pointless". Denyer was later announced to be hosting an Australian adaptation of the American game show "Ellen's Game of Games" for Ten. Three editions of the Family Feud board game were released by Imagination. There was also a Disney edition in 2016 and a Star Wars edition in 2017. A music edition was released on their official website in 2017. A Buzzer App was release in 2015. An online version of the show was release in 2014. A word search book was published

title: How Much Is Enough?

text: 27, 2007, with actor Corbin Bernsen hosting the show. Bernsen expressed excitement in anticipation of hosting the series, saying, "I have always been a big fan of game shows and I have been tuning into GSN for years. I am excited to be part of the network and this great new show "How Much Is Enough?"." Jamie Roberts, GSN's Senior Vice President of Programming, had high expectations for Bernsen and the series as a whole, stating, "Corbin brings the game to life with his unique charm and charisma. Combining the show's inherent drama with such a great host, we know

title: 1 vs. 100 (U.S. game show)

text: compete with Fox's new game show "Don't Forget the Lyrics!" In July, NBC announced some fall scheduling updates that included "1 vs. 100"s season two premiere being temporarily delayed. In late 2007, NBC announced that "1 vs. 100" would return as a winter replacement sometime in January, and the series debuted its second season on January 4, 2008, with a new set and money ladder system of obtaining prize money. On December 1, 2006, the top prize was raised to $3,000,000 for the episode's first contestant; it reverted to $1,000,000 for the next contestant. The episode also featured several celebrities

title: Merv Griffin

text: on a new syndicated game show "Merv Griffin's Crosswords" (originally titled "Let's Play Crosswords" and "Let's Do Crosswords"). The show taped in Los Angeles after initial reports that it would be produced at WMAQ-TV in Chicago. The show was produced in association with Program Partners and the William Morris Agency and began airing September 10, 2007. NBC-owned-and-operated stations in New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco and Dallas carried the show, with many stations airing two episodes per day. The show lasted only one season, ending on May 16, 2008 in first-run and September 5, 2008 in reruns. Griffin ventured

title: Whammy! The All-New Press Your Luck

text: Whammy! The All-New Press Your Luck Whammy! (subtitled "The All-New "Press Your Luck for its first season) is an American television game show that aired new episodes on Game Show Network from April 15, 2002 to December 5, 2003. The main goal of the game is to earn as much money and prizes as possible through collecting spins by answering trivia questions correctly, then using those spins on a gameboard to win various prizes and cash amounts while attempting to avoid the show's eponymous character, the "Whammy." Contestants who do land on a Whammy lose all their prizes accumulated to

title: Ellen's Game of Games

long_answer: Ellen's Game of Games, also known as Game of Games and stylized as ellen's GAME OF GAMES is an American television game show that premiered on December 18, 2017. In March 2017, NBC ordered six (later eight) hourlong episodes of the series. Ellen DeGeneres serves as host, while Stephen "tWitch" Boss appears as announcer/sidekick. The series is based on game segments from DeGeneres' daytime talk show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show. A special preview episode aired on December 18, 2017, with the official series premiere on January 2, 2018. On January 9, 2018, NBC renewed the series for a 13-episode second season.