question: what kind of book is where's waldo

answers: puzzle

title: Where's Wally?: The Ultimate Fun Book

text: Where's Wally?: The Ultimate Fun Book Where's Wally?: The Ultimate Fun Book (Where's Waldo?: The Ultimate Fun Book in America) was a "Where's Wally?" activity book released in 1990. The book introduces Wilma, her dog Woof, and the Wally Watchers. Unlike the previous three Where's Wally? books ("Where's Wally?", "Where's Wally Now?", and "The Fantastic Journey"), this book featured various puzzles and games rather than the traditional detailed crowd scenes. The other kinds of additional puzzles included spot-the-differences, coloring pages, and a board game. The book was also a smaller paperback book that included stickers and press-outs. This book introduced

title: Where's Wally? (book)

text: Where's Wally? (book) Where's Wally?, published in the United States and Canada as Where's Waldo?, is the title of the first book in the "Where's Wally?" series, published in 1987. In the book, Wally travels to everyday places, where he sends postcards to the reader (which are the pictures in the book), and the reader must locate Wally in the postcard. The book became an instant best-seller. "Where's Wally?" was re-released in October 1997 in a special 10th anniversary edition form. The location of Wally was changed in each picture and additional characters were added for the reader to find

title: Where's Waldo at the Circus

text: Where's Waldo at the Circus Designed for "children ages 4 through 8", Where's Waldo at the Circus is a computer video game that immerses the player in a rich interactive environment complete with music, sound, and animation. A team of educators assisted with the game design, and the exercises within it conform to the guidelines of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics and the California Department of Education. The game is introduced by Waldo himself asking the player to type in his or her name. Once that is done, the player is off to the Big Top to meet

title: Where's Wally Now?

text: since been re-published into a smaller size/format. Where's Wally Now? Where's Wally Now? (called Find Waldo Now and later Where's Waldo Now? in the US) was the second "Where's Wally?" book. It was first published in 1988. In the book Wally travels through time as he visits many different locations and events. He also loses a book on each page, which the reader has to find. The book was re-released in October 1997 in a special edition where Wally was moved in each picture and additional characters were added for the reader to find (Woof, Wizard Whitebeard, Wenda, Odlaw, the

title: Interactive children's book

text: different name and personality in the translations. As more books were released the cast of characters grew as well - including Wizard Whitebeard, Wilma, Wenda, Woof, Odlaw and the Waldo Watchers. More Waldo books followed - such as Where's Waldo in Hollywood?, (1997), (2006). Waldo became a huge pop culture sensation in the early 1990s. The United States, in particular, was swept with "Waldo-mania". Aside from the adaptations of Handford's books, the franchises grew to include licensing of Waldo for video games, spin-off books, magazines, dolls, toys, comics and a Where's Waldo? (TV series). Wally has his own website where

title: Where's Waldo? (video game)

text: the book may enjoy the game a little, other players may get bored. In an issue of GameInformer, they gave "Where's Waldo" a 1 out of 10 citing it as being "a game for those too lazy to turn a page." In giving the game an F, writer Cyril Lachel wrote, "It's hard to believe something this pointless came out of Bethesda Softworks... Where's Waldo? Hopefully in a landfill, because that's where this 8-bit piece of garbage belongs." A reviewer of Yahoo! Voices, who gave the game 0.5 out of 5 stars, even criticized the sound effects. Some reviewers also

title: Where's Waldo?: Exploring Geography

text: Where's Waldo?: Exploring Geography Where's Waldo? Exploring Geography is an interactive computer game based on the "Where's Waldo?" book series. In the game, the player must find Waldo, locate the missing athletes of the world, and find the missing Champions Cup. While finding Waldo and the athletes, the player will gather clues that lead to other athletes and the Champions Cup. The game's activities can be played at three levels of difficulty, and is appropriate for all ages. The software contains hundreds of bright, colorful images and a musical score that reflects the different cultures of the world. All of

title: Where's Wally?

text: 21 September 1987. The "Where's Wally?" books were published in the United Kingdom by Walker Books and in the United States under the title "Where's Waldo?" first by Little, Brown and Company before being taken on by Candlewick Press (Walker Books' American subsidiary publishing company). The first four titles were originally printed in Italy, but later reprinted in China. The books became extremely popular and were localised for many different territories, with name changes for Wally in certain regions. The franchise also spawned other media in a more storyline-based form, including , a comic strip and a series of video

title: Where's Waldo? (video game)

text: levels. The player's goal is to help Waldo get to the moon, by finding Waldo in various pictures in order to progress through the game. There are eight levels in the game. In the picture levels, the directional buttons control a magnifying glass and that must be placed over Waldo in order to "find" him and move to the next level and a new picture. In the easy and practice mode, the pictures are still images the size of the screen in the levels. In the Medium and Hard modes, the player has to scroll to the side to see

title: Where's Wally?: The Ultimate Fun Book

text: the characters Wilma, Woof, and The Wally-Watchers - there were 99 of the latter, although subsequent books would only feature 25. It also was the first book to feature Wally's Key. Where's Wally?: The Ultimate Fun Book Where's Wally?: The Ultimate Fun Book (Where's Waldo?: The Ultimate Fun Book in America) was a "Where's Wally?" activity book released in 1990. The book introduces Wilma, her dog Woof, and the Wally Watchers. Unlike the previous three Where's Wally? books ("Where's Wally?", "Where's Wally Now?", and "The Fantastic Journey"), this book featured various puzzles and games rather than the traditional detailed crowd

title: Where's Wally Now?

text: Where's Wally Now? Where's Wally Now? (called Find Waldo Now and later Where's Waldo Now? in the US) was the second "Where's Wally?" book. It was first published in 1988. In the book Wally travels through time as he visits many different locations and events. He also loses a book on each page, which the reader has to find. The book was re-released in October 1997 in a special edition where Wally was moved in each picture and additional characters were added for the reader to find (Woof, Wizard Whitebeard, Wenda, Odlaw, the Wally Watchers and others). The book has

text: Where's Wally? The Incredible Paper Chase Where's Wally?: The Incredible Paper Chase (known in the U.S. as Where's Waldo?: The Incredible Paper Chase) is the seventh book in the "Where's Wally?" book series. The book was released in 2009, and is the latest book in the series. It features Wally, Woof, Wenda, Wizard Whitebeard, and Odlaw travelling through different scenes. The reader's goal is to find Wally's key, Woof's bone, Wenda's camera, Wizard Whitebeard's scroll, Odlaw's binoculars, and a missing piece of paper in each scene.In addition to finding the characters, "The Incredible Paper Chase", as with "Where's Wally? The

title: Where's Waldo at the Circus

text: Wizard Whitebeard, who gives options of hearing the story behind the game or jumping right in. Ringmaster Piccalilli has lost his magic golden whistle, and without it the circus can't go on. Piccalilli asks the player to aid in its recovery. First the player has to find Waldo, who will help with the search. The detailed virtual "Where's Waldo?" spreads page are four times the size of the screen and fully scrollable, packed with point-and-click characters and activity. The player can spend explore and enjoy the many hidden trigger spots, or just seek out Waldo right away. Once he's found,

title: Interactive children's book

text: as age four and beginning at a pre-kindergarten grade level, depending on how easily the hidden objectives can be located. There are several notable authors and illustrators at the frontline assisting their audiences’ development of interactive reading skills in hidden object picture books: British illustrator Martin Handford is credited with the conception of the Where's Wally? series. Despite the series christened title, his hidden picture books are more recognizable under the North American franchise’s version of the character, Waldo. The purpose of Handford’s hidden object picture books is for children of all ages to identify Wally in a specified location

title: Where's Wally?

text: Where's Wally?, published in the US and Canada as Where's Waldo?, is a British series of children's puzzle books created by the English illustrator Martin Handford.  The books consist of a series of detailed double-page spread illustrations depicting dozens or more people doing a variety of amusing things at a given location. Readers are challenged to find a character named Wally hidden in the group.

title: Where's Wally?: The Animated Series

text: Wally/Waldo and his dog Woof, who were already established stars of the "Where's Wally?" picture book series. The "Where's Wally?" TV Show brought the gangly man in the striped shirt and ski cap to Saturday morning TV. The cartoon "Where's Waldo?" went beyond the books' original concept, giving the characters depth and giving reasons for their adventures. Wally/Waldo and his dog Woof travel to distant lands, solving mysteries and lending a helping hand wherever they could. With the help of his magic walking stick, Wally/Waldo could travel through space and time or travel to far off magical lands. Often sent

title: Where's Waldo? (video game)

text: noted of the game's lack of replay value, such as in a review by Gamecola.net. The game was listed #12 on Seanbaby.com's "Worst Nintendo Games". One year later, a sequel, "The Great Waldo Search", was released on the Nintendo Entertainment System, Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis. It was based on "", the third book of the "Where's Waldo?" series. Almost two decades later, however, in 2009, a more modern remake of that sequel was developed by Ludia and published by Ubisoft on iOS, Microsoft Windows, and seventh-generation Nintendo systems, the Wii and the Nintendo DS. The remake especially

title: Where's Waldo at the Circus

text: Wizard, identify the culprit and retrieve the whistle. All of the features in the game are designed for variable outcomes, with everything from the actual thief to Waldo's location in each screen being randomly determined each time through. This allows the player to play multiple times without repeating the past experience. Where's Waldo at the Circus Designed for "children ages 4 through 8", Where's Waldo at the Circus is a computer video game that immerses the player in a rich interactive environment complete with music, sound, and animation. A team of educators assisted with the game design, and the exercises

title: Where's Waldo? (video game)

text: in the game have the same format of finding Waldo as in the other levels; in the cave level, the player must find Waldo in the dark. To help, Waldo will pop-up briefly to give a clue where Waldo is. In the subway level, the player must go through a maze and collect Waldo and his dropped glasses in order to exit the stage. The player must also avoid Wizard Whitebeard, who can quickly subtract time if the player lands on his spot. And in the final level, the player must match three pictures of Waldo in order to get

text: when they are near an object they are searching for. Players wanting to use this ability more often must collect 'Woof Bones' to prolong the effect. Unlike the NES video game adaptation of "Where's Waldo?" and "The Great Waldo Search", which relied on a directional pad to search for targets, this game allows players to utilize more superior pointer-based motion controls (the Wii Remote's infrared sensor, the DS and iPhone's touchscreen, or a mouse, depending on the platform) to easily look for desired search targets. Where's Waldo? The Fantastic Journey (video game) Where's Waldo? The Fantastic Journey is a video

text: Great Picture Hunt!", has other challenges like "spot-the-differences" scenes. Some of the characters and scenes have appeared in one of the earlier "Where's Wally?" spin-off books. The book was originally released in a larger hardback book without the numbering system continuing on the cover with a '7'. It could be found, however, in the top left corner of the back cover. The 7 was included in the paperback edition, however, on the cover. Where's Wally? The Incredible Paper Chase Where's Wally?: The Incredible Paper Chase (known in the U.S. as Where's Waldo?: The Incredible Paper Chase) is the seventh book

title: Where's Wally? The Fantastic Journey

text: promoted for it. Two video game adaptations of this book were released. The first one was "The Great Waldo Search", which was released in 1992 for the NES, SNES and the Sega Genesis. The second is a remake titled "Where's Waldo? The Fantastic Journey", which was released on iOS, Microsoft Windows, Wii and Nintendo DS almost two decades later in 2009. The latter takes advantage of pointer-based motion controls to provide a more intuitive experience in searching for targets, and includes a two-player versus mode for family-friendly competition. 1. The Gobbling Gluttons 2. The Battling Monks 3. The Carpet Flyers

title: Where's Waldo?: Exploring Geography

text: the features in the game are designed for variable outcomes, including Waldo's location in each screen. This allows the player to play multiple times without repeating the past experience. Aside from being a purely entertainment-based program, the game's exercises are based upon the 1994 National Geography Standards. Where's Waldo?: Exploring Geography Where's Waldo? Exploring Geography is an interactive computer game based on the "Where's Waldo?" book series. In the game, the player must find Waldo, locate the missing athletes of the world, and find the missing Champions Cup. While finding Waldo and the athletes, the player will gather clues that

title: Martin Handford

text: about 300 to 500 figures, with Wally often being the last character drawn into the crowd. The "Where's Wally?" books were published in the UK by Walker Books and in the US under the title "Where's Waldo?" first by Little, Brown and Company before being taken on by Candlewick Press (Walker Books' American subsidiary publishing company). The first four titles were originally printed in Italy, but later reprinted in China. A film based on the "Where's Wally?" series of books was planned for filming in 2005 by Nickelodeon Movies but was cancelled due to a management change at Paramount Pictures.

title: Where's Wally? (book)

text: bikini top in the 1997 special edition release. A similar happening occurs in "The Campsite" where children open a tent on a man while he is undressing. In the original, although his genitals are blocked from view by his hand, he is clearly naked. In the 1997 special release, however, he is wearing white briefs. Where's Wally? (book) Where's Wally?, published in the United States and Canada as Where's Waldo?, is the title of the first book in the "Where's Wally?" series, published in 1987. In the book, Wally travels to everyday places, where he sends postcards to the reader

title: Where's Waldo? (video game)

text: Waldo to the moon. Responses towards the game from reviewers were negative. One of the most known criticisms of the game is the graphics; Some of the pixelated objects in each of the game's levels had similar colors and stripes of Waldo's shirt and in some levels Waldo would even change color, which made it hard to find Waldo in each of the levels. Cracked.com said of Where's Waldo to have the worst graphics of any NES game: "There are many other graphically challenged games that were made, but this game takes the cake." ConsoleClassix.com said that, although fans of

title: Where's Wally?: The Animated Series

text: based on the adventures and characters from the "Where's Waldo?" TV Show. "Fun with Waldo" and "More Fun with Waldo", featured print versions of many of the "Waldo Minute" freeze-frame scenes, along with new puzzles and things to spot in each picture. To meet the needs of international viewers in the US and Canada, a second audio track was recorded using the same vocal actors – the name "Wally" was replaced entirely with "Waldo", the name of the books' character in the US and Canada. Other international versions were produced dubbed in entirely in German, French, Spanish, Italian, Japanese and

title: The Great Waldo Search (video game)

text: points while controlling Woof on a flying carpet. Almost two decades later, in 2009, a remake of the game was developed by Ludia and published by Ubisoft on iOS, Microsoft Windows, and seventh-generation Nintendo systems, the Wii and the Nintendo DS, under the title "Where's Waldo? The Fantastic Journey". The remake especially takes advantage of superior pointer-based motion controls to easily locate search targets and supports versus multiplayer. The Great Waldo Search (video game) The Great Waldo Search is a video game released in 1992. It is based on , which was originally released under the same name in North

title: The Story of an African Farm

text: of vignettes – often devoid of context, or (deliberately) out of sequence. The author also frequently interjects into the narrative to address the reader directly. In general, the book may roughly be divided into three sections: The first section of the book deals with the lives of protagonists as children and teenagers. It reveals some of the events that proved formative in the life of the children. Waldo is initially presented as a deeply devout Christian, a philosophy he appears to have inherited from his widower father Otto, the kindly German farm-keeper. As the narrative progresses, Waldo becomes increasingly disillusioned

title: Where's Waldo? (video game)

text: the rest of the area. Also in the Medium and Hard modes Waldo will change color to make it more challenging to find him in the picture levels. In the Practice mode, there is no time limit, however only a select number of levels are open (the Train Station, Forest and Caves). The time limit for the other levels varies; On easy, the time limit is ten minutes, on medium, the time limit is seven minutes, and on hard, five minutes. Each time the game is played Waldo is moved to a new location in the scene. Not all levels

title: Where's Wally?


question: who won latest america's next top model

answers: Kyla Coleman

title: Jourdan Miller

text: Miller also became the second "America's Next Top Model" winner to have also never even appeared in the bottom three. This was preceded by cycle 13 winner Nicole Fox. She is also the second winner of the show to have received a total of six first call-outs after Ann Ward, the winner of cycle 15 After winning "America's Next Top Model", Miller received a modeling contract with NEXT Model Management in Los Angeles, an eight-page spread in the December/January 2014 issue of "Nylon" magazine and a $100,000-ad campaign with Guess. Following her win in "America's Next Top Model", Miller was

title: America's Next Top Model (season 18)

text: CBS Records, and a 100,000 contract with CoverGirl cosmetics. The winner of the competition was 21-year-old British model Sophie Sumner from Oxford, England. The cycle featured seven contestants from previous cycles of "Britain's Next Top Model" for a second chance to win the title. Cycles 1 and 7 were unrepresented, cycles 2, 3, 4 and 6 were each represented by one contestant, and cycle 5 was represented by three contestants. The returning contestants from "Britain's Next Top Model" and their prior placements were: No episode aired on April 4, 2012 due to the CW's broadcast of "One Tree Hill" series

title: America's Next Top Model (season 6)

text: The final three contestants, Joanie Dodds, Jade Cole, and Danielle Evans, shot photographs and a commercial for Cover Girl Lash Exact Mascara. Jade became the eleventh finalist to be eliminated at panel. Joanie and Danielle walked in Roj Singkakul's fashion show for his line Issue. The final judging saw Danielle crowned America's Next Top Model. America's Next Top Model (season 6) The sixth cycle of America's Next Top Model premiered on March 8, 2006, which would be the last cycle to air on UPN before merging with The WB to create The CW. The catch-phrase for this cycle was "Fairy

title: Jourdan Miller

text: her stilettos on her gown. Despite this, the judges were still impressed by her walk. At the final deliberation, the judges noted Miller's command on the runway, her fluidity, as well as her high-fashion and girl-next-door appeal. She would eventually beat fellow competitor Marvin Cortes in the season finale, becoming the twentieth winner of "America's Next Top Model". Miller's win also means that she is the sixth winner of "America's Next Top Model" to have never made an appearance in the bottom two, along with Jaslene Gonzalez, McKey Sullivan, Nicole Fox, Krista White, Sophie Sumner and later winner India Gants.

title: America's Next Top Model (season 23)

text: consisting of Banks, fashion publicist Kelly Cutrone, and runway coach J. Alexander. Banks still served as the series' executive producer. The winner of the competition was 20 year-old India Gants from Seattle, Washington. "Original air date:" Twenty-eight semi-finalists partook in their first photo shoot and went on go-sees for Philipp Plein and LaQuan Smith. The contestants then had one-on-one interviews with the judges, and the episode concluded with the selection of the fourteen finalists. "Original air date:" The contestants received runway training from model and former "Canada's Next Top Model" judge Stacey McKenzie. Later, the models were introduced to Zendaya,

title: Anchal Joseph

text: out for America's Next Top Model, Cycle 7; prior to ANTM she had also modelled for Zoom Magazine and French Vogue. Joseph was the sixth contestant to be selected to participate on the seventh cycle of "America's Next Top Model" and was told at casting by host Tyra Banks that she was one of the most physically beautiful contestants to ever participate in the competition. While she was often praised for the quality of her portfolio, her lack of self-confidence was often noted by the judging panel and she was eliminated after refusing to fully participate in a challenge that

title: Whitney Thompson

text: Whitney Thompson Whitney Lee Thompson Forrester (born September 26, 1987) is an American fashion model and is the winner of the tenth cycle of "America's Next Top Model". Before her appearance on the show, Thompson worked locally in northern Florida and appeared on the cover of "Jacksonville Magazine" three times. She attended Duncan U. Fletcher High School and the University of North Florida. Thompson competed against 13 other contestants to win cycle 10 of "America's Next Top Model". She was selected as one of the finalists to enter the Top Model house. Almost every judge, except for Tyra Banks, criticized

title: Nicole Linkletter

text: Nicole Linkletter Nicole Linkletter Nathanson (born 18 April 1985) is an American fashion model and the winner of Cycle 5 of "America's Next Top Model". Her prizes were a contract with Ford Models, a $100,000 contract with CoverGirl, and her photo appearing in a Ford Fusion (Americas) national advert. She is the first of two America's Next Top Model winners from North Dakota, the second being CariDee English, winner of America's Next Top Model, Cycle 7. Linkletter was born and raised in Grand Forks, North Dakota, the daughter of Monica and Steve Linkletter. She has two sisters. Linkletter graduated from

title: America's Next Top Model (season 19)

text: additionally serves as its executive producer and presenter. The international destination during the cycle was Ocho Rios, Jamaica, becoming the second occasion in which the series traveled to the country, after cycle 3. The winner of the competition was 21-year-old Paul Smith's College student Laura James from Cambridge, New York. This was the first cycle to feature a cast of all-new contestants since cycle 16 (cycle 17 ("All-Stars") featured only returning contestants from previous cycles, while cycle 18 ("British Invasion") featured seven new American models alongside seven returning contestants from previous cycles of "Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model"). Judge

title: Tahnee Atkinson

text: was announced the winner of cycle 5 of Australia's Next Top Model and was awarded $20,000 cash, and contracts from Priscilla's model management, Maybelline and Harper's Bazaar magazine. In 2008 Tahnee, along with fellow Australia's Next Top Model contestant Clare Venema, was a state finalist in the Girlfriend Magazine Model Search; however, both girls were disqualified as they were already signed to model agencies. Atkinson was previously signed to Scene Models in Perth. During the fifth cycle, Tahnee walked the runway for Nicola Finetti and Alex Perry. As the winner of Cycle 5 Atkinson won a 12-month contract with Priscilla's

title: America's Next Top Model (season 24)

text: the main competition, bringing the final number of contestants to 15. "Original air date:" The finalists moved into the model home. They later met runway coach Stacey McKenzie for a catwalk lesson in preparation for an upcoming runway challenge at Venice Beach skate park, where the contestants had to model designs from Baja East and avoid skateboarders as they navigated across a skating ramp. As the winner of the challenge, Khrystyana was chosen to walk in a show for the label during New York fashion week. On set, the models had a bohemian pregnancy photo shoot with photographer Charlotte Rutherford,

title: America's Next Top Model (season 24)

text: part in a photo shoot for the winner's spread to be published in "Paper" magazine. They later reunited with the formerly eliminated contestants for the final runway show. Immediately following the runway show, Khrystyana was eliminated based on the results from the photo shoot that had taken place earlier that week. The judges deliberated over the body of work of the remaining two finalists, and at the end of the night, Kyla was crowned as the winner. America's Next Top Model (season 24) The twenty-fourth cycle of "America's Next Top Model" premiered on January 9, 2018 and was the second

title: America's Next Top Model (season 11)

text: winner was 19-year-old McKey Sullivan from Lake Forest, Illinois. Starting from this cycle, the contestant called first in judging every week would have her picture (or commercial) displayed as digital art in the models' house for the rest of the week. The CoverGirl of the Week contest was replaced by a new segment called Top Models in Action, focusing on former alums post-show careers. The show featured fourteen contestants, similar to cycles 3, 4 and 10. The winner of this cycle, similar to the past four cycles, won management and representation by Elite Model Management, a $100,000 contract with CoverGirl

title: McKey Sullivan

text: Most Beautiful People of 2009. She was also named the 44th sexiest woman of 2008 by BuddyTv. McKey Sullivan Brittany "McKey" Alvey (née Sullivan; born September 9, 1988) is an American fashion model most notable as the winner of the eleventh cycle of "America's Next Top Model". Sullivan was born to Michael and Gayle Sullivan and has three siblings, Bridgette, Jimmy, and Mikey. She is a graduate of Lake Forest High School and attended Ripon College where she majored in government and chemical biology and was a member of Alpha Delta Pi sorority. She also trains in mixed martial arts

title: America's Next Top Model (cycle 24)

text: The winner of the competition was 20 year-old Kyla Coleman from Lacey, Washington.

title: Australia's Next Top Model

text: Top Model" shares the format of its American counterpart, but there are a few differences. On "America's Next Top Model" the final two models compete in a runway fashion show and the winner is chosen in the judging room. Starting from season 3, the final two contestants competed in front of a live studio audience in Sydney before the winner was revealed live-to-air. The judges, sponsors, and fashion professionals voted for the winner, along with the TV viewing public, whose votes contributed 15 per cent to the overall tally. Beginning with season 6, the format was changed. The final three

title: America's Next Top Model (season 23)

text: were chosen as the winners. They were later photographed in a shoot where they had to embody several celebrity icons. At panel, Paige became the next contestant to leave the competition. "Original air date:" The remaining contestants had a challenge, won by Courtney, in which they were photographed by paparazzi in the street. On set, the models were photographed in a mock-cover and beauty shoot for "Paper" magazine. At elimination, Tash became the next contestant to leave the competition. "Original air date:" The contestants had an acting challenge with Adrienne C. Moore, where Courtney was chosen as the winner. They

title: America's Next Top Model (season 9)

text: America's Next Top Model (season 9) The ninth cycle of America's Next Top Model was the third season of the series to be aired on The CW network. This cycle's promotional tagline was "The Future Of Fashion." The promotional song was "Shut Up and Drive" by Rihanna. The prizes for this cycle were: The international destinations for this cycle were St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda (for the semi-finals) and Shanghai and Beijing, China. Among the thirteen finalists was 21-year-old Heather Kuzmich, who has Asperger's syndrome, an autism spectrum disorder. The season averaged 5.12 million viewers, making the cycle one of

title: America's Next Top Model (season 9)

text: 5, 2007" "First aired December 12, 2007" America's Next Top Model (season 9) The ninth cycle of America's Next Top Model was the third season of the series to be aired on The CW network. This cycle's promotional tagline was "The Future Of Fashion." The promotional song was "Shut Up and Drive" by Rihanna. The prizes for this cycle were: The international destinations for this cycle were St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda (for the semi-finals) and Shanghai and Beijing, China. Among the thirteen finalists was 21-year-old Heather Kuzmich, who has Asperger's syndrome, an autism spectrum disorder. The season averaged 5.12

title: America's Next Top Model (season 14)

text: was 24-year-old Krista White from Pine Bluff, Arkansas. A new rule this cycle enabled the girl called first at the judging panel every week to not only have her picture (or commercial) displayed as digital art in the models' house for the rest of the week however that same girl would also receive the prize of the following week's reward challenge, regardless of their performance at the actual challenge. If the same girl won the challenge, she was able to pick others to join her on the reward, or received additional prizes along with her challenge win. "Top Models in

title: America's Next Top Model (season 5)

text: half of the competition was later used for the first season of the VH1 show "Rock of Love with Bret Michaels". The winner was 19-year-old Nicole Linkletter from Grand Forks, North Dakota. Sixth-placer Lisa D'Amato would later claim victory as the winner of . "First aired September 21, 2005 The casting process started out with 36 girls who were then interviewed by Tyra, and the two Jays, after a little pose-off. Notable interviews included Coryn revealing the fact that her mother struggled with depression, Nicole getting on her knees, Bre admitting she rarely showered, Jayla stating she went against her

title: America's Next Top Model (season 13)

text: cycle filmed entirely in the United States. The winner was Nicole Fox from Louisville, Colorado making her the youngest winner at the age of 18. This cycle featured one major change to the judging panel: judge Paulina Porizkova left the show after the previous season, marking the first change to the judging panel since Cycle 10. With her departure, only three permanent judges remained, a first for the series. This cycle also moved back to Los Angeles, after being filmed in New York City for cycle 12. The cast size was once again increased to 14 contestants. All of the

title: America's Next Top Model (season 5)

text: previous showing in the Secret shoot, Bre and Nicole who both previously did well in the Secret shoot struggled with their lines in the CoverGirl commercial. Nik was chosen first to continue on in the final round. Nicole landed in the bottom two with Bre, who was eliminated in her third consecutive bottom two appearance (also her fifth collective bottom two appearance of this cycle), because she was not as strong as the other two girls, despite making an improvement. Nik and Nicole then shot a magazine cover with Tyra Banks, photographed by Gilles Bensimon, knowing that the winner's cover

title: America's Next Top Model (season 17)

text: Feel..." by Cobra Starship ft. Sabi. This was the final season filmed and broadcast in standard definition and the final season for Andre Leon Talley as a judge. The winner of the competition was 30-year-old Lisa D'Amato from Los Angeles, California, who originally placed sixth in cycle 5 making her the oldest winner at the age of 30. Angelea Preston, who originally placed third on cycle 14, and was disqualified from the competition in the final episode of the cycle, said that she had originally won the competition but was stripped of her title after producers learned that she had

title: America's Next Top Model (season 6)

text: received makeovers and had a photoshoot to capture their new looks. They participated in a challenge where they went to a fashion show and picked outfits that represented their personal style, with the winner being Nnenna. The photoshoot had them portraying ice princesses on a magazine cover. The judging saw Wendy become the second model eliminated. "First aired March 22, 2006" The eleven finalists participated in a challenge where they walked in a show with cockroaches for Jared Gold, with the winner being Jade. The photoshoot had them portraying modern fairytales while falling. The judging saw Kari become the third

title: Nicole Fox

text: and 11 respectively, and was succeeded by Krista White, Sophie Sumner, Jourdan Miller and India Gants from Cycles 14, 18 the "British Invasion", 20 "Guys & Girls" and 23 respectively. Fox also became the first "America's Next Top Model" winner to have also never even appeared in the bottom three. This was succeeded by Cycle 20 winner Jourdan Miller. Kirkpatrick said she believed Fox won because of the strength of her photos: "Every time with the judges, she could do no wrong in front of them. They really saw her as perfect." Fox said of her win: Fox received a

title: Britain's Next Top Model (series 3)

text: a cover and 6-page spread in Company Magazine. The winner of the competition was 20-year-old Lauren McAvoy from Wickford, Essex. Runner-up Louise Watts participated as a contestant on America's Next Top Model, Cycle 18 along with six other former BNTM contestants. Watts quit the competition in the 3rd episode because she felt she couldn't handle the negative criticism of the judges, particularly Kelly Cutrone. "Original Airdate: 2 July 2007" The girls immediately faced their first challenge posing in front of the press, and then met stylist Hilary Alexander who asked each girl questions. Later, they arrived in the model house

title: Nicole Fox

text: was one of the strongest girls of her cycle. At the final judging, Fox was lauded for her high-fashion photographs and her successful mastery of her body proportion, in spite of her unconventional runway walk in the Maui fashion show. In the end, she was chosen as the thirteenth winner of "America's Next Top Model", beating runner-up Laura Kirkpatrick, who was considered another favorite of the judges. Fox became the third winner to have never appeared in the bottom two during her time on Top Model. This record was preceded by winners Jaslene Gonzalez and McKey Sullivan from Cycles 8

title: America's Next Top Model (season 7)

text: the winner being CariDee. The models travelled to Barcelona, Spain, where they shot a commercial for Secret Deodorant in Catalan. The judging saw Jaeda become the eighth model eliminated. "First aired November 22, 2006" The five finalists participated in a challenge where they had to go on go-sees, with the winner being Melrose. They had a photoshoot where they portrayed Spanish matadors. The judging saw Michelle become the ninth model eliminated. "First aired November 29, 2006" "First aired December 6, 2006" America's Next Top Model (season 7) The seventh cycle of America's Next Top Model started airing on September 20,

title: America's Next Top Model (season 12)

text: were put to the test and had to create an illusion of having a good time through the dance they learned. Celia managed to relax her face and delivered a convincing performance, winning her jewelry from Ara Vartanian worth over $7,000, which she shared with Allison. For the week's photo shoot, the girls traveled to the Brazilian jungle where they were dressed as exotic birds sitting in their nests, with Tyra herself as the photographer. Allison's composure on set got praise and Celia was lauded for looking fresh and being creative. On the other hand, Aminat's inability to use her

title: America's Next Top Model (cycle 24)


question: how do you say evil eye in greek

answers: matiasma

answers: vaskania (βασκανία)

title: Evil eye

text: it stems from admiration. Since it is technically possible to give yourself the evil eye, it is advised to be humble. The Greek Fathers accepted the traditional belief in the evil eye, but attributed it to the Devil and envy. In Greek theology, the evil eye or "vaskania" () is considered harmful for the one whose envy inflicts it on others as well as for the sufferer. The Greek Church has an ancient prayer against vaskania from the "Megan Hieron Synekdemon" () book of prayers. The cornicello, "little horn", also called the "cornetto" ("little horn", plural "cornetti"), is a long,

title: Evil eye

text: Aulus Gellius. Peter Walcot's "Envy and the Greeks" (1978) listed more than one hundred works by these and other authors mentioning the evil eye. Classical authors attempted both to describe and to explain the function of the evil eye. Plutarch's scientific explanation stated that the eyes were the chief, if not sole, source of the deadly rays that were supposed to spring up like poisoned darts from the inner recesses of a person possessing the evil eye. Plutarch treated the phenomenon of the evil eye as something seemingly inexplicable that is a source of wonder and cause of incredulity. Pliny

title: Evil eye

text: have been a fixture in Greece dating back to at least the 6th century BC, when it commonly appeared on drinking vessels. In Greece, the evil eye is cast away through the process of "xematiasma" (), whereby the "healer" silently recites a secret prayer passed over from an older relative of the opposite sex, usually a grandparent. Such prayers are revealed only under specific circumstances, as according to their customs those who reveal them indiscriminately lose their ability to cast off the evil eye. There are several regional versions of the prayer in question, a common one being: "Holy Virgin,

title: Evil eye

text: afflicted. Cloves that burn with some noise are considered to be λόγια - words - someone foul-mouthing you that you ought to be wary of. The burned cloves are extinguished into a glass of water and are later buried in the garden along with the pins as they are considered to be contaminated. Greek people will also ward off the evil eye by saying φτου να μη σε ματιάξω! which translates to "I spit so that I won't give you the evil eye." Contrary to popular belief, the evil eye is not necessarily given by someone wishing you ill, but

title: Evil eye

text: many Mediterranean and Asian tribes and cultures. Charms and decorations with eye-like symbols known as nazars, which are used to repel the evil eye, are a common sight across Armenia, Azerbaijan, Albania, Algeria, Tunisia, Lebanon, Turkey, Greece, Israel, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan,Maldives, parts of North India, Palestine, Morocco, southern Spain, Italy, Malta, Romania, the Balkans, the Levant, Afghanistan, Syria, and Mexico, and have become a popular choice of souvenir with tourists. Belief in the evil eye dates back to Classical antiquity. It is referenced by Hesiod, Callimachus, Plato, Diodorus Siculus, Theocritus, Plutarch, Heliodorus, Pliny the Elder, and

title: Evil eye

text: say "Masha'Allah", that is, "God has willed it", or invoking God's blessings upon the object or person that is being admired. A number of beliefs about the evil eye are also found in folk religion, typically revolving around the use of amulets or talismans as a means of protection. In the Aegean Region and other areas where light-colored eyes are relatively rare, people with green eyes, and especially blue eyes, are thought to bestow the curse, intentionally or unintentionally. Thus, in Greece and Turkey amulets against the evil eye take the form of blue eyes, and in the painting by

title: Evil eye

text: the Elder described the ability of certain African enchanters to have the "power of fascination with the eyes and can even kill those on whom they fix their gaze". The idea of the evil eye appears in the poetry of Virgil in a conversation between the shepherds Menalcas and Damoetas. In the passage, Menalcas is lamenting the poor health of his stock: "What eye is it that has fascinated my tender lambs?". The belief in the evil eye during antiquity varied across different regions and periods. The evil eye was not feared with equal intensity in every corner of the

title: Evil eye

text: English, he explained that it was a charm or guard against the evil eye. The evil eye is mentioned several times in the classic "Pirkei Avot (Ethics of Our Fathers)". In Chapter II, five disciples of Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakai give advice on how to follow the good path in life and avoid the bad. Rabbi Eliezer says an evil eye is worse than a bad friend, a bad neighbor, or an evil heart. Judaism believes that a "good eye" designates an attitude of good will and kindness towards others. Someone who has this attitude in life will rejoice when

title: Evil eye

text: to destroy the evil eye, or a human eye (Turkish: Göz) to avert the evil gaze. The shape of a lucky amulet (Turkish: Muska; often, a triangular package containing a sacred verse) is often woven into kilims for the same reason. The evil eye, or "al-’ayn" , is a common belief that individuals have the power to look at people, animals or objects to cause them harm. It is tradition among many Muslims that if a compliment is to be made one should say ""TabarakAllah"" () ("Blessings of God") or ""Masha'Allah"" () ("God has willed it") to ward off the

title: Evil eye

text: evil eye. Reciting Sura Ikhlas, Sura Al-Falaq and Sura Al-Nas from the Qur'an, three times after Fajr and after Maghrib is also used as a means of personal protection against the evil eye. Assyrians are also strong believers in the evil eye. They will usually wear a blue/turquoise bead around a necklace to be protected from the evil eye. Also, they might pinch the buttocks, comparable to Armenians. It is said that people with green or blue eyes are more prone to the evil eye effect. A simple and instant way of protection in European Christian countries is to make

title: Evil eye

text: the Quran, namely Sura Ikhlas, Sura Al-Falaq and Sura Al-Nas. "Masha'Allah" () ("God has willed it") is commonly said to ward off the evil eye. Understanding of the evil eye varies by the level of education. Some perceive the use of black color to be useful in protecting from the evil eye. Others use "taawiz" to ward off the evil eye. Truck owners and other public transport vehicles may commonly be seen using a small black cloth on the bumpers to prevent the evil eye. The evil eye, known as ("mati"), "eye", as an apotropaic visual device, is known to

title: Evil eye

text: the interviewee or co-presenter to stop talking due to a shortage of time. Attempts to ward off the curse of the evil eye have resulted in a number of talismans in many cultures. As a class, they are called ""apotropaic"" (Greek for "prophylactic" / προφυλακτικός or "protective", literally: "turns away") talismans, meaning that they turn away or turn back harm. Disks or balls, consisting of concentric blue and white circles (usually, from inside to outside, dark blue, light blue, white, and dark blue) representing an evil eye are common apotropaic talismans in West Asia, found on the prows of Mediterranean

title: Evil eye

text: with an eye in the center; Italians employ horns, phallic shapes meant to distract spell casters. In most languages, the name translates literally into English as "bad eye", "evil eye", "evil look", or just "the Eye". Some variants on this general pattern from around the world are: Evil eye The evil eye is a curse or legend believed to be cast by a malevolent glare, usually given to a person when they are unaware. Many cultures believe that receiving the evil eye will cause misfortune or injury. Talismans created to protect against the evil eye are also frequently called "evil

title: Vayeshev

text: of the earth" in that just as fish ("dagim") in the sea are covered by water and thus the evil eye has no power over them, so the evil eye has no power over the descendants of Joseph. Alternatively, the evil eye has no power over the descendants of Joseph because the evil eye has no power over the eye that refused to enjoy what did not belong to it — Potiphar's wife — as reported in The Gemara asked whether the words in "And Eleazar Aaron's son took him one of the daughters of "Putiel" to wife" did not

title: Evil eye

text: The Greek Fathers accepted the traditional belief in the evil eye, but attributed it to the Devil and envy. In Greek theology, the evil eye or vaskania (βασκανία) is considered harmful for the one whose envy inflicts it on others as well as for the sufferer.  The Greek Church has an ancient prayer against vaskania from the Megan Hieron Synekdemon (Μέγαν Ιερόν Συνέκδημον) book of prayers.

title: Apotropaic magic

text: evil eye. An exaggerated apotropaic eye or a pair of eyes were painted on Greek drinking vessels called "kylikes" (eye-cups) from the 6th century BCE. The exaggerated eyes may have been intended to prevent evil spirits from entering the mouth while drinking. Fishing boats in some parts of the Mediterranean region still have stylised eyes painted on the bows. The defunct Turkish budget airline, Fly Air, adopted the symbol "nazar boncuğu" ("nazar bonjuk") on the vertical stabilizer (fin) of its aeroplanes. The apotropaic Yiddish expression, "" ("no evil eye", , in modern Hebrew "בלי עין הרע"-"Bli ein ha'ra") is somewhat

title: Mythology of Italy

text: Mythology of Italy Mythology of Italy refers to the mythology of people living in Italy. Important Gods and Goddesses of Italian Mythology: The Evil Eye is not just an Italian folklore but is present in many different cultures. Each of these cultures have their own versions of the Evil Eye. However, the Evil Eye is very prominent in Italian culture and still a common superstition today among Italians and Italian-Americans. The Evil Eye is a look one gives another to put bad luck upon them either causing them misfortune or causing a type of mild physical pain.This look is cast

title: Eye of Horus

text: Romans that an evil heart could get to the eye. The thought to be powerful effects of eyes and optics created the myth that the energy-producing power of they eye had the ability to cast evil spells with just a glance. Because the ancients believed the evil eye could be counteracted with a 'good eye', myths about Horus arose. In one myth, when Set and Horus were fighting for the throne after Osiris's death, Set gouged out Horus's left eye. The majority of the eye was restored by either Hathor or Thoth. When Horus's eye was recovered, he offered it

title: Evil eye

text: Roman Empire. There were places in which people felt more conscious of the danger of the evil eye. In Roman times, not only were individuals considered to possess the power of the evil eye but whole tribes, especially those of Pontus and Scythia, were believed to be transmitters of the evil eye. The phallic charm called "fascinum" in Latin, from the verb "fascinare", "to cast a spell" (the origin of the English word "fascinate") is one example of an apotropaic object used against the evil eye. They have been found throughout Europe and into the Middle East from contexts dating

title: Evil eye

text: a single "sete ervas" ("seven [lucky] herbs") pot, that will also include "arruda" (common rue), "pimenteira" (Capsicum annuum), "manjericão" (basil) and "alecrim" (rosemary). (Though the last four ones should not be used for their common culinary purposes by humans.) Other popular amulets against evil eye include: the use of mirrors, on the outside of your home's front door, or also inside your home facing your front door; an elephant figurine with its back to the front door; and coarse salt, placed in specific places at home. Mal ojo often occurs without the dimension of envy, but insofar as envy is

title: Al-Qalam 51-52

text: Al-Qalam 51-52 The verse of evil eye () is verse 51 and 52 of Al-Qalam Surah in the Quran. It is usually recited for protection from the evil eye. It states: "And indeed, those who disbelieve would almost make you slip with their eyes when they hear the message, and they say: Indeed, he is mad. But it is not except a reminder to the worlds (68:51 and 52)." وَإِن يَكَادُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ لَيُزْلِقُونَكَ بِأَبْصَٰرِهِمْ لَمَّا سَمِعُوا۟ ٱلذِّكْرَ وَيَقُولُونَ إِنَّهُۥ لَمَجْنُونٌ Verse 51: And indeed, those who disbelieve would almost make you slip with their eyes when they hear the

title: Evil eye

text: his fellow man prospers; he will wish everyone well. An "evil eye" denotes the opposite attitude. A man with "an evil eye" will not only feel no joy but experience actual distress when others prosper, and will rejoice when others suffer. A person of this character represents a great danger to our moral purity. Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook explained that the evil eye is "an example of how one soul may affect another through unseen connections between them. We are all influenced by our environment... The evil eye is the venomous impact from malignant feelings of jealousy and envy of

title: Evil eye

text: those around us." Many Observant Jews avoid talking about valuable items they own, good luck that has come to them and, in particular, their children. If any of these are mentioned, the speaker and/or listener will say "b'li ayin hara" (Hebrew), meaning "without an evil eye", or "kein eina hara" (Yiddish; often shortened to "kennahara"), "no evil eye". Another way to ward off the evil eye is to spit three times (or pretend to). Romans call this custom "despuere malum," to spit at evil. It has also been suggested the 10th commandment: "do not covet anything that belongs to your

title: Evil eye

text: John Phillip, below, we witness the culture-clash experienced by a woman who suspects that the artist's gaze implies that he is looking at her with the evil eye. Among those who do not take the evil eye literally, either by reason of the culture in which they were raised or because they simply do not believe it, the phrase, "to give someone the evil eye" usually means simply to glare at the person in anger or disgust. The term has entered into common usage within the English language. Within the broadcasting industry it refers to when a presenter signals to

title: Evil eye

text: the Hand of Miriam; in some Muslim cultures, the Hand of Fatima. Though condemned as superstition by doctrinaire Muslims, it is almost exclusively among Muslims in the Near East and Mediterranean that the belief in envious looks containing destructive power or the talismanic power of a nazar to defend against them. To adherents of other faiths in the region, the nazar is an attractive decoration. A variety of motifs to ward off the evil eye are commonly woven into tribal kilim rugs. Such motifs include a cross (Turkish: Haç) to divide the evil eye into four, a hook (Turkish: Çengel)

title: Evil eye

text: the sign of the cross with your hand and point two fingers, the index finger and the middle finger, towards the supposed source of influence or supposed victim as described in the first chapter of Bram Stoker's novel "Dracula" published in 1897: When we started, the crowd round the inn door, which had by this time swelled to a considerable size, all made the sign of the cross and pointed two fingers towards me. With some difficulty, I got a fellow passenger to tell me what they meant. He would not answer at first, but on learning that I was

title: Evil eye

text: Central America, Central Asia, and Europe, especially the Mediterranean region; it has also spread to areas, including northern Europe, particularly in the Celtic regions, and the Americas, where it was brought by European colonists and West Asian immigrants. Belief in the evil eye is found in the Islamic doctrine, based upon the statement of Prophet Muhammad, "The influence of an evil eye is a fact..." [Sahih Muslim, Book 26, Number 5427]. Authentic practices of warding off the evil eye are also commonly practiced by Muslims: rather than directly expressing appreciation of, for example, a child's beauty, it is customary to

title: Evil eye

text: whole cycle of stories about the disasters that happened in his wake were current in Rome during the latter decades of the 19th century. Public figures of every type, from poets to gangsters, have had their specialized abilities attributed to the power of their eyes. The symbol of the eye, known as "l-għajn", is common on traditional fishing boats which are known as luzzu. They are said to protect fishermen from storms and malicious intentions. The evil eye or 'Mal de Ojo' has been deeply embedded in Spanish popular culture throughout its history and Spain is the origin of this

title: Evil eye

text: envy. Since ancient times such maledictions have been collectively called the evil eye. According to the book "The Evil Eye" by folklorist Alan Dundes, the belief's premise is that an individual can cause harm simply by looking at another's person or property. However, protection is easy to come by with talismans that can be worn, carried, or hung in homes, most often incorporating the contours of a human eye. In Aegean countries, people with light-colored eyes are thought to be particularly powerful, and amulets in Greece and Turkey are usually blue orbs. Indians and Jews use charms with palm-forward hands

title: The Evil Eye (1830 short fiction)

text: The Evil Eye (1830 short fiction) "The Evil Eye" is a piece of short fiction written by Mary Shelley and published in "The Keepsake" for 1830. The tale is set in Greece and is about a man known as Dmitri of the Evil Eye. Dmitri's wife was murdered and his daughter abducted many years before the story begins. Dmitri's friend Katusthius Ziani enlists him to help recover his rightful inheritance, and during their journey they abduct a boy whom Dmitri discovers to be his grandson. The tale centres on a man known as Dmitri of the Evil Eye, an Arnaoot

title: Evil eye


question: where does the pulmonary trunk receive blood from

answers: the right ventricle

answers: from the heart

answers: the heart

title: Heart

text: and the blood is pumped into the pulmonary trunk through the pulmonary valve. The pulmonary trunk divides into pulmonary arteries and progressively smaller arteries throughout the lungs, until it reaches capillaries. As these pass by alveoli carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen. This happens through the passive process of diffusion. In the left heart, oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins. It is then pumped into the left ventricle through the mitral valve and into the aorta through the aortic valve for systemic circulation. The aorta is a large artery that branches into many smaller

title: Bronchial artery

text: branches of the pulmonary arteries, and together, they supply the visceral pleura of the lung in the process. Note that much of the oxygenated blood supplied by the bronchial arteries is returned via the pulmonary veins rather than the bronchial veins. As a consequence, blood returning to the left heart is slightly less oxygenated than blood found at the level of the pulmonary capillary beds. Each bronchial artery also has a branch that supplies the esophagus. It is easy to confuse the bronchial arteries with the pulmonary arteries, because they both supply the lungs with blood, but there are important

title: Systole

text: pulmonary artery, which divides twice to connect to each of the left and right lungs. In the left ventricle, the aortic valve opens into the aorta which divides and re-divides into the several branch arteries that connect to all body organs and systems except the lungs. By its contractions, right ventricular (RV) systole pulses oxygen-depleted blood through the pulmonary valve through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs, providing pulmonary circulation; simultaneously, left ventricular (LV) systole pumps blood through the aortic valve, the aorta, and all the arteries to provide systemic circulation of oxygenated blood to all body systems. The left

title: Pulmonary vein

text: pulmonary vein lies in front of and a little below the pulmonary artery; the inferior is situated at the lowest part of the lung hilum. Behind the pulmonary artery is the bronchus. The right main pulmonary veins (contains oxygenated blood) pass behind the right atrium and superior vena cava; the left in front of the descending thoracic aorta. Occasionally the three lobar veins on the right side remain separate, and not infrequently the two left lobar veins end by a common opening into the left atrium. Therefore, the number of pulmonary veins opening into the left atrium can vary between

title: Foramen ovale (heart)

text: ovale, the fossa ovalis. A fetus receives oxygen not from its lungs, but from the mother's oxygen-rich blood via the placenta. Oxygenated blood from the placenta travels through the umbilical cord to the right atrium of the fetal heart. As the fetal lungs are non-functional at this time, it is more efficient for the blood to bypass them. This is accomplished through 2 cardiac shunts. The first is the foramen ovale which shunts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium. The second is the ductus arteriosus which shunts blood from the pulmonary artery (which, after birth, carries blood

title: Congenital heart defect

text: shunt blood flow away from the lungs. Cells in part of the septum primum die creating a hole while muscle cells, the "septum secundum", grow along the right atrial side the septum primum, except for one region, leaving a gap through which blood can pass from the right artium to the left atrium, the foramen ovale. A small vessel, the "ductus arteriosus" allows blood from the pulmonary artery to pass to the aorta. The ductus arteriosus stays open because of circulating factors including prostaglandins. The foramen ovale stays open because of the flow of blood from the right atrium to

title: Blood

text: air to all of the cells of the body, and venous blood carries carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism by cells, to the lungs to be exhaled. However, one exception includes pulmonary arteries, which contain the most deoxygenated blood in the body, while the pulmonary veins contain oxygenated blood. Additional return flow may be generated by the movement of skeletal muscles, which can compress veins and push blood through the valves in veins toward the right atrium. The blood circulation was famously described by William Harvey in 1628. In vertebrates, the various cells of blood are made in the

title: Pulmonary artery

text: behind the ascending aorta, and in front of the descending aorta. It courses posterior to the superior vena cava and in front of the right bronchus. Upon reaching the hilum of the right lung the right main pulmonary artery divides into two branches: The right and left main pulmonary arteries give off branches that roughly correspond to the lung lobes and can in such cases be termed lobar arteries. The lobar arteries branch into segmental arteries (roughly 1 for each lobe segment), which in turn branch into subsegmental pulmonary arteries. These eventually form intralobular arteries. The pulmonary arteries originate from

title: Blood vessel

text: vessels function to transport blood. In general, arteries and arterioles transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body and its organs, and veins and venules transport deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs. Blood vessels also circulate blood throughout the circulatory system Oxygen (bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells) is the most critical nutrient carried by the blood. In all arteries apart from the pulmonary artery, hemoglobin is highly saturated (95–100%) with oxygen. In all veins apart from the pulmonary vein, the saturation of hemoglobin is about 75%. (The values are reversed in the pulmonary circulation.) In

title: Pulmonary shunt

text: Pulmonary shunt A pulmonary shunt is a pathological condition which results when the alveoli of the lungs are perfused with blood as normal, but ventilation (the supply of air) fails to supply the perfused region. In other words, the ventilation/perfusion ratio (the ratio of air reaching the alveoli to blood perfusing them) is zero. A pulmonary shunt often occurs when the alveoli fill with fluid, causing parts of the lung to be unventilated although they are still perfused. Intrapulmonary shunting is the main cause of hypoxemia (inadequate blood oxygen) in pulmonary edema and conditions such as pneumonia in which the

title: Pulmonary contusion

text: the amount of blood that flows into it, directing blood to better-ventilated areas. Although reducing blood flow to the unventilated alveoli is a way to compensate for the fact that blood passing unventilated alveoli is not oxygenated, the oxygenation of the blood remains lower than normal. If it is severe enough, the hypoxemia resulting from fluid in the alveoli cannot be corrected just by giving supplemental oxygen; this problem is the cause of a large portion of the fatalities that result from trauma. To diagnose pulmonary contusion, health professionals use clues from a physical examination, information about the event that

title: Foramen secundum

text: blood. The foramen secundum and foramen ovale act as a shunt where blood bypasses the lungs and does not become oxygenated. To provide proper blood flow as a newborn, the foramen secundum and foramen ovale must close at birth. Since the lungs now require a significant amount of blood flow, the vessels going to and from the lungs undergo dilation. While the pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins are dilating, the umbilical artery and umbilical vein are severed at the cutting of the umbilical cord, or the funiculus umbilicalis. This combination results in a reversal of pressure differences between the atria,

title: Pulmonary shunt

text: shunt. Pulmonary shunt A pulmonary shunt is a pathological condition which results when the alveoli of the lungs are perfused with blood as normal, but ventilation (the supply of air) fails to supply the perfused region. In other words, the ventilation/perfusion ratio (the ratio of air reaching the alveoli to blood perfusing them) is zero. A pulmonary shunt often occurs when the alveoli fill with fluid, causing parts of the lung to be unventilated although they are still perfused. Intrapulmonary shunting is the main cause of hypoxemia (inadequate blood oxygen) in pulmonary edema and conditions such as pneumonia in which

title: Root of the lung

text: descending aorta; the phrenic nerve, pericardiacophrenic artery and vein, and the anterior pulmonary plexus, lie in front of each, and the vagus nerve and posterior pulmonary plexus lie behind. The chief structures composing the root of each lung are arranged in a similar manner from the front to the back on each side. This means that the upper of the two pulmonary veins are in front, the pulmonary artery is in the middle, and the bronchus and bronchial vessels are behind.from anterior to posterior 1)superior pulmonary vein,2)pulmonary artery 3)bronchus The arrangement on the two sides is not symmetrical. Right side:

title: Pulmonary artery

text: A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. The largest pulmonary artery is the main pulmonary artery or pulmonary trunk from the heart, and the smallest ones are the arterioles which lead to the capillaries that surround the pulmonary alveoli.

title: Heart development

text: passage between the two atrial chambers consists of a long oblique slit through which blood flows from the right atrium to the left. Initially, a single pulmonary vein develops in the form of a bulge in the back wall of the left atrium. This vein will connect with the veins of the developing lung buds. As development proceeds the pulmonary vein and its branches are incorporated into the left atrium and they both form the smooth wall of the atrium. The embryonic left atrium remains as the trabecular left atrial appendage, and the embryonic right atrium remains as the right

title: Pulmonary artery

text: the pulmonary artery, and may be defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure of greater than 25mmHg. As can be measured on a CT scan, a diameter of more than 29 mm diameter is often used as a cut-off to indicate pulmonary hypertension. This may occur as a result of heart problems such as heart failure, lung or airway disease such as COPD or scleroderma, or thromboembolic disease such as pulmonary embolism or emboli seen in sickle cell anaemia. Pulmonary embolism refers to an embolus that lodges in the pulmonary circulation. This may arise from a deep venous thrombosis, especially

title: Heart development

text: ventricles. The arterial trunk and the roots will form the proximal portion of the aorta and the pulmonary artery. The junction between the ventricle and the arterial bulb will be called the primary intra-ventricular hole. The tube is divided into cardiac regions along its craniocaudal axis: the primitive ventricle, called primitive left ventricle, and the trabecular proximal arterial bulb, called the primitive right ventricle. This time no septum is present in heart. In the middle of the fourth week, the sinus venosus receives venous blood from the poles of right and left sinus. Each pole receives blood from three major

title: Pulmonary artery

text: to the lungs themselves. The pulmonary artery pressure (PA pressure) is a measure of the blood pressure found in the main pulmonary artery. This is measured by inserting a catheter into the main pulmonary artery. The mean pressure is typically 9 - 18 mmHg, and the wedge pressure measured in the left atrium may be 6-12mmHg. The wedge pressure may be elevated in left heart failure, mitral valve stenosis, and other conditions, such as sickle cell disease. The pulmonary artery is relevant in a number of clinical states. Pulmonary hypertension is used to describe an increase in the pressure of

title: Shunt equation

text: dead space. The following equation relates the percentage of blood flow that is not exposed to inhaled gas, called the shunt fraction formula_1, to the content of oxygen in venous, arterial, and pulmonary capillary blood. The blood entering the pulmonary system will have oxygen flux formula_3, where formula_4 is oxygen content of the venous blood and formula_5 is the total cardiac output. Similarly, the blood emerging from the pulmonary system will have oxygen flux formula_6, where formula_7 is oxygen content of the arterial blood. This will be made up of blood that bypassed the lungs (formula_8) and that which went

title: Respiratory tract

text: from the base of the trachea. The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place. The mean number of alveoli in a human lung is 480 million. When the diaphragm contracts, a negative pressure is generated in the thorax and air rushes in to fill the cavity. When that happens, these sacs fill with air, making the lung expand. The alveoli are rich with capillaries, called alveolor capillaries. Here the red blood cells absorb oxygen from the air and then carry it back in the form of oxyhaemaglobin, to nourish the cells. The red blood

title: Heart

text: conus arteriosus, which contains several valves and sends blood to the "ventral aorta". The ventral aorta delivers blood to the gills where it is oxygenated and flows, through the dorsal aorta, into the rest of the body. (In tetrapods, the ventral aorta has divided in two; one half forms the ascending aorta, while the other forms the pulmonary artery). In the adult fish, the four chambers are not arranged in a straight row but instead form an S-shape, with the latter two chambers lying above the former two. This relatively simpler pattern is found in cartilaginous fish and in the

title: Biofluid dynamics

text: circulates about 5 liters of blood at a rate of approximately 6 l/m. The pulmonary and the systemic circulations are the two parts of the vasculature. The pulmonary circulation system consists of the network of blood vessels from the right heart to the lungs and back to the left heart. The rest of the blood flow loop is called systemic circulation system. The pulmonary and systemic circulations take the blood through large arteries first and then branches into smaller arteries before reaching arterioles and capillaries. After capillaries, the blood enters the venules before joining smaller veins first and then larger

title: Diffusing capacity

text: formula_9 (i.e., in a gas, a volume is proportional to the number of molecules in it). Further, the oxygen concentration (partial pressure) in the pulmonary artery is taken to be representative of capillary blood. Thus, formula_8 can be calculated as the rate that oxygen is taken up by the lung formula_11 divided by the oxygen gradient between the alveoli ("A") and the pulmonary artery ("a"). Thus, the higher the diffusing capacity formula_1, the more gas will be transferred into the lung per unit time for a given gradient in partial pressure (or concentration) of the gas. Since it can be

title: Valve of inferior vena cava

text: in the left atrium. This in turn increases the oxygen concentration of blood in the left ventricle, the aorta, the coronary circulation and the circulation of the developing brain. Following birth and separation from the placenta, the oxygen content in the inferior vena cava falls. With the onset of breathing, the left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. As blood flow to the lungs increases, the amount of blood flow entering the left atrium increases. When the pressure in the left atrium exceeds the pressure in the right atrium, the foramen ovale begins to close

title: Lung bud

text: bronchial tree. Lung bud The lung bud sometimes referred to as the respiratory bud forms from the respiratory diverticulum, an embryological endodermal structure that develops into the respiratory tract organs such as the larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. It arises from part of the laryngotracheal tube. In the fourth week of development, the respiratory diverticulum, starts to grow from the ventral (front) side of the foregut into the mesoderm that surrounds it, forming the lung bud. Around the 28th day, during the separation of the lung bud from the foregut it forms the trachea and splits into two bronchial buds,

title: Pulmonary alveolus

text: Pulmonary alveolus A pulmonary alveolus (plural: alveoli, from Latin "alveolus", "little cavity") is a hollow cavity found in the lung parenchyma, and is the basic unit of ventilation. Lung alveoli are the ends of the respiratory tree, branching from either alveolar sacs or alveolar ducts, which like alveoli are both sites of gas exchange with the blood as well. Alveoli are particular to mammalian lungs. Different structures are involved in gas exchange in other vertebrates. The alveolar membrane is the gas exchange surface. Carbon dioxide rich blood is pumped from the rest of the body into the capillaries that surround

title: Arteriovenous oxygen difference

text: comparing the difference in the oxygen concentration of oxygenated blood in the femoral, brachial, or radial artery and the oxygen concentration in the deoxygenated blood from the mixed supply found in the pulmonary artery (as an indicator of the typical mixed venous supply). Put in simple terms: The usual unit for a-vO diff is millilitres of oxygen per 100 millilitres of blood (mL/100 mL), however, particularly in medical uses, other units may be used, such as micromoles per millilitre (μmol/mL). In practice, a-vO diff may be determined using the Fick Principle rather than by taking direct blood samples. In order

title: Heart

text: pulmonary valve is located at the base of the pulmonary artery. This has three cusps which are not attached to any papillary muscles. When the ventricle relaxes blood flows back into the ventricle from the artery and this flow of blood fills the pocket-like valve, pressing against the cusps which close to seal the valve. The semilunar aortic valve is at the base of the aorta and also is not attached to papillary muscles. This too has three cusps which close with the pressure of the blood flowing back from the aorta. The right heart consists of two chambers, the

title: Shunt equation

text: through the pulmonary capillaries (formula_9). We can express this as formula_10. We can solve for formula_9: formula_12. If we add the oxygen content of Qs to Qc we get the oxygen content of Qt: formula_13 Substitute Qc as above, CcO2 is the oxygen content of pulmonary (alveolar) capillary blood. formula_14Multiply out the brackets. formula_15Get the Qs terms and the Qt terms on the same side. formula_16Factor out the Q terms. formula_17 Divide by Qt and by (CcO2 - CvO2). Shunt equation The Shunt equation quantifies the extent that venous blood bypasses oxygenation in the capillaries of the lung. Shunt and

title: Pulmonary artery

short_answers:
from the heart
the heart


question: when was south african youth day first celebrated

answers: 1976

answers: June 16

title: Comrades Marathon

text: scrapped in 1995 by the post-apartheid South African government, the race date was changed to Youth Day on 16 June. In 2007, the race organisers (controversially) bowed to political pressure from the ANC Youth League, who felt that the race diverted attention from the significance of Youth Day, and changed the race date to Sunday 17 June for 2007 and 15 June for 2008. In 2009 and 2010 the date was changed (to 24 May and 30 May respectively) to accommodate football's Confederations Cup (2009) and World Cup (2010) in South Africa. Forty-eight runners entered the first race in 1921,

title: Soweto uprising

text: events, 16 June is now a public holiday in South Africa, named Youth Day. Black South African high school students in Soweto protested against the "Afrikaans Medium Decree" of 1974, which forced all black schools to use Afrikaans and English in a 50–50 mix as languages of instruction. The Regional Director of Bantu Education (Northern Transvaal Region), J.G. Erasmus, told Circuit Inspectors and Principals of Schools that from 1 January 1975, Afrikaans had to be used for mathematics, arithmetic, and social studies from standard five (7th grade), according to the Afrikaans Medium Decree; English would be the medium of instruction

title: Youth Day

text: brought home to many people within and outside of South Africa the effect of the struggle during the Apartheid government's reign. On 20 September each year in Thailand, National Youth Day (, "Wan Yaowachon Haeng Chat") commemorates the birth dates of Kings Chulalongkorn and Ananda Mahidol. Thailand celebrates Youth Day on this date because of the many births in the month of September. Youth and Sports Day ("Gençlik ve Spor Bayramı") on May 19 in Turkey is dedicated to the youth. This day is also Atatürk Day ("Atatürk'ü Anma"), a day of commemoration of Kemal Atatürk, the "Father of Turkey",

title: Youth Day

text: Youth Day Youth Day is a holiday dedicated to the youths of a country. It is observed by 18 countries, on many different dates throughout the year. The United Nations agreed on the date of 12 August in 1999. International Youth Day is an international observance on August 12 officially recognized by the United Nations.The UN General Assembly agreed on this date in 1999. Here is a list of all of the countries that observe this holiday and when they do. On April 14, Angola observes Youth Day in memory of Hoji-ya-Henda, who was killed on that day during the

title: Heroes' Day (South Africa)

text: so much respect from his people, his birthday was commemorated with a day of feasting. The following year it was officially introduced as a public holiday. Use of the holiday ended in 1902, after Britain defeated the South African Republic in the Second Boer War. In 1910, with Unification, the day was still not recognized as a public holiday, though popular celebrations of a heroes' day did take place. An event in Cape Town on 25 March 1916 included a march by banner-carrying students, followed by several public addresses in the city hall. A few years after the National Party

text: Robert Gabriel Mugabe National Youth Day Robert Gabriel Mugabe National Youth Day is a public holiday in Zimbabwe commemorating former President Robert Mugabe. The ZANU–PF Youth League has commemorated Robert Mugabe on his birthday in 21 February for years as part of its 21st February Movement which was established in 1986. The youth arm of the ruling party lobbied for the former president's birthday to be declared a national holiday for what the organization says the leader's role in empowering the country's youth. The day was formally recognized as a national holiday on 24 November 2017 on the same day

title: Freedom Day (South Africa)

text: beat as one, as we renew our common loyalty to our country and our commitment to its future. Freedom Day (South Africa) Freedom Day is a public holiday in South Africa celebrated on 27 April. It celebrates freedom and commemorates the first post-apartheid elections held on that day in 1994. The elections were the first non-racial national elections where everyone of voting age of over 18 from any race group, including foreign citizens permanently resident in South Africa, were allowed to vote. Previously, under the apartheid regime, non-whites in general had only limited rights to vote while indigenous black South

title: Heroes' Day (South Africa)

text: Heroes' Day (South Africa) Kruger Day or Heroes' Day was a public holidays in South Africa from 1882 to 1899 and again from 1952 to 1994, celebrated annually on 10 October in South Africa. The day was named after Paul Kruger, a Boer resistance leader against British rule and later president of the South African Republic, who celebrated his birthday on 10 October. The day was used to underline the values and principles of the Afrikaner people. Kruger Day was first celebrated in 1882, while Paul Kruger was still alive. Kruger was then the vice president, but because he enjoyed

title: Heroes' Day (South Africa)

text: nearest 10 October. Heroes' Day (South Africa) Kruger Day or Heroes' Day was a public holidays in South Africa from 1882 to 1899 and again from 1952 to 1994, celebrated annually on 10 October in South Africa. The day was named after Paul Kruger, a Boer resistance leader against British rule and later president of the South African Republic, who celebrated his birthday on 10 October. The day was used to underline the values and principles of the Afrikaner people. Kruger Day was first celebrated in 1882, while Paul Kruger was still alive. Kruger was then the vice president, but

title: Freedom Day (South Africa)

text: Freedom Day (South Africa) Freedom Day is a public holiday in South Africa celebrated on 27 April. It celebrates freedom and commemorates the first post-apartheid elections held on that day in 1994. The elections were the first non-racial national elections where everyone of voting age of over 18 from any race group, including foreign citizens permanently resident in South Africa, were allowed to vote. Previously, under the apartheid regime, non-whites in general had only limited rights to vote while indigenous black South Africans had no voting rights whatsoever. It is part of the twelve public holidays determined by the Public

title: UnFreedom Day

text: UnFreedom Day UnFreedom Day is an unofficial annual event that is marked every year on or around 27 April. UnFreedom Day is planned to coincide with the official South African holiday called Freedom Day, an annual celebration of South Africa's first non-racial democratic elections of 1994. UnFreedom Day was started by Abahlali baseMjondolo in Durban in 2005 has become a day of education in which films, discussions and performances play a major role. The theme of the day is to demonstrate that the poor are still not free in South Africa. Abahlali use the day to celebrate the growing strength

title: Freedom Day (South Africa)

text: Holidays Act (No. 36 of 1994). On the first commemoration of the holiday, President Nelson Mandela addressed Parliament: As dawn ushered in this day, the 27th of April 1994, few of us could suppress the welling of emotion, as we were reminded of the terrible past from which we come as a nation; the great possibilities that we now have; and the bright future that beckons us. And so we assemble here today, and in other parts of the country, to mark a historic day in the life of our nation. Wherever South Africans are across the globe, our hearts

title: Day of Reconciliation

text: South Africa, such as the San people. South African President, Jacob Zuma, in 2009, also stressed that the holiday was meant to also promote "non-sexism." The day is also the sixteenth day of the South African summer holiday period. It is the first of four public holidays observed at the height of summer in the Southern Hemisphere, along with Christmas Day, Day of Goodwill and New Year's Day. Many small businesses close down and employees go on leave over this period. Day of Reconciliation The Day of Reconciliation is a public holiday in South Africa held annually on 16 December.

title: Heroes' Day (South Africa)

text: came to power in South Africa, the day was introduced again as Heroes' Day (Afrikaans: Heldedag) from 1952 onward. From time to time, later governments referred to it as either Heroes' Day or Kruger Day. With the ANC government coming to power in the 1994 elections, a new set of holidays replaced the former ones, and Kruger Day was no longer recognized as a public holiday. Heroes' Day remains one of six holidays in the Afrikaner enclave of Orania, and events in the spirit of Heroes' Day are promoted by some schools and cultural organisations, and held on the Saturday

title: Youth Day

text: Youth Day on 16 June is a public holiday in South Africa and commemorates a protest which resulted in a wave of protests across the country known as the Soweto uprising of 1976.  It came in response to multiple issues with the Bantu Education Act and the government edict in 1974 that Afrikaans be used as medium of instruction for certain subjects in black schools. The iconic picture of Hector Pieterson, a black schoolchild shot by the police, brought home to many people within and outside of South Africa the effect of the struggle during the Apartheid government's reign.

title: Regional variations of barbecue

text: South Africans by encouraging them to partake in a fun and tangible activity shared by all demographic groups, religious denominations, and body types. It is celebrated annually by South Africans across the world on 24 September (South Africa's Heritage Day). The event was initiated by the Mzansi Braai Institute in South Africa in 2005 and, since 2008, has been promoted under the Braai4Heritage banner, a non-profit initiative. On 5 September 2007, Emeritus Archbishop Desmond Tutu was appointed patron of National Braai Day (Now Braai4Heritage). The initiative received the endorsement of South Africa's National Heritage Council (NHC) in 2008. "Bring-en-Braai" is

title: Founders Day (South Africa)

text: Founders Day (South Africa) Founders Day ("Afrikaans: Stigtingsdag") or Van Riebeeck's Day was a formal public holiday of the Union of South Africa and the Republic of South Africa until 1994. The holiday was established on 6 April 1952 during the Van Riebeeck Festival in honour of the 300th anniversary of the arrival of the Dutch in South Africa. Jan van Riebeeck arrived at Table Bay on 6 April 1652 as a result Cape Town was founded. From 1980, the day became known as Founders Day (Stigtingsdag). The holiday was abolished after the first universal franchise election in 1994 and

title: Founders Day (South Africa)

text: the subsequent new constitution. Founders Day (South Africa) Founders Day ("Afrikaans: Stigtingsdag") or Van Riebeeck's Day was a formal public holiday of the Union of South Africa and the Republic of South Africa until 1994. The holiday was established on 6 April 1952 during the Van Riebeeck Festival in honour of the 300th anniversary of the arrival of the Dutch in South Africa. Jan van Riebeeck arrived at Table Bay on 6 April 1652 as a result Cape Town was founded. From 1980, the day became known as Founders Day (Stigtingsdag). The holiday was abolished after the first universal franchise

title: Heritage Day (South Africa)

text: Heritage Day (South Africa) Heritage Day is a South African public holiday celebrated on 24 September. On this day, South Africans are encouraged to celebrate their culture and the diversity of their beliefs and traditions, in the wider context of a nation that belongs to all its people. In KwaZulu-Natal, 24 September was known as Shaka Day, in commemoration of the Zulu King, Shaka, on the presumed date of his death in 1828. Shaka was the Zulu King who played an important role in uniting disparate Zulu clans into a cohesive nation. Each year people gather at King Shaka's grave

title: Youth Day

text: Portuguese Colonial War. National Youth Day is a national holiday in Cameroon on February 11. Nation Youth Day (青年节) in the People's Republic of China is on May 4. It was established in December 1949 by the Government Administration Council to commemorate the beginning of the May Fourth Movement. Youth Day (青年節) in the Republic of China (Taiwan) has been celebrated on March 29 since 1954. It commemorates the Huanghuagang Uprising of 1911, during which 72 young revolutionaries sacrificed their lives to overthrow the Qing Dynasty. The Uprising took place on April 27 (the 29th day of the 3rd month

text: President Emmerson Mnangagwa was sworn in as leader of Zimbabwe following a coup which led to the resignation of Mugabe as President. The holiday was formalized through the publication of a statutory instrument on The Herald under the virtue of section 2 of the Public Holidays and Prohibition of Business Act. Robert Gabriel Mugabe National Youth Day Robert Gabriel Mugabe National Youth Day is a public holiday in Zimbabwe commemorating former President Robert Mugabe. The ZANU–PF Youth League has commemorated Robert Mugabe on his birthday in 21 February for years as part of its 21st February Movement which was established

title: Day of the Vow

text: Day of the Vow The Day of the Vow () was a religious public holiday in South Africa. It was an important holiday for Afrikaners, originating from the Battle of Blood River on 16 December 1838. Initially called Dingane's Day (), 16 December was made an annual national holiday in 1910, before being renamed Day of the Vow in 1982. In 1994, after the end of Apartheid, it was replaced by the Day of Reconciliation, an annual holiday also on 16 December. The day of the Vow traces its origin as an annual religious holiday to The Battle of Blood

title: Heritage Day (South Africa)

text: South Africa. Various events are staged throughout the country to commemorate this. Former Western Cape Provincial Premier Ebrahim Rasool addressed the public at a Heritage Day celebration at the Gugulethu Heritage trail in 2007 in Gugulethu. In Hout Bay, there is an army procession and a recreation of the battle fought there. In 2005, a media campaign sought to "re-brand" the holiday as National Braai Day, in recognition of the South African culinary tradition of holding informal backyard barbecues, or braais. On 5 September 2007, Archbishop Desmond Tutu celebrated his appointment as patron of South Africa's Braai (Barbecue) Day, affirming

title: History of women's rights in South Africa

text: campaigns were very successful. The women now have more rights than they have ever had before. On August 9, 1975, South African women celebrated the first South African Women's Freedom day. The holiday was organized by the ANC to commemorate the protests that began on August 9, 1913, against the identification passes that black people had to carry. Nowadays 96% of South African children aged 7–13 receive a primary education. However, there was a time when it was unusual to be able to go to school there. Many children struggled to receive an education. The government schools struggle with many

title: Heritage Day (South Africa)

text: to honour him on this day. The Public Holidays Bill presented to the new democratic Parliament of South Africa in 1995 did not have 24 September included on the list of proposed public holidays. As a result of this exclusion, the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), a South African political party with a large Zulu membership, objected to the bill. Parliament and the IFP reached a compromise and the day was given its present title and seen as a public holiday. South Africans celebrate Heritage Day by remembering the cultural heritage of the many cultures that make up the population of

title: Public holidays in South Africa

text: coincided on 21 March 2008. 27 December 2011 was declared a holiday by deputy president Kgalema Motlanthe as Christmas Day fell on a Sunday which generally makes the following Monday a public holiday. However, the following Monday, 26 December 2011, was the Day of Goodwill and therefore decreased the number of paid public holidays for the year. Initially this day was not to be declared a public holiday but in mid-December the decision was changed. The Christian holidays of Christmas Day and Good Friday remained in secular post-apartheid South Africa's calendar of public holidays. The Commission for the Promotion and

title: Youth Day

text: e Alie Akbar (first son of Imam Hossein). After Iran revolution in 1979 the Muslim government endeavored to replace most of the national days with religious events. Youth Day is celebrated on the first Monday of August in Kiribati. Youth Day is a public holiday in Morocco on August 21, the birthday of the reigning monarch, Mohammed VI of Morocco. Youth Day is celebrated on March 11 in Pakistan. Youth and Spring Day ("Día de la Primavera y la Juventud") is celebrated on September 21 in Paraguay, which marks the start of the spring season. Youth Day is celebrated on

title: Youth Day

text: and the commemoration of the beginning of the national liberation movement initiated by Atatürk in 1919 The day is celebrated in honor of the arrival of Kemal Atatürk to Samsun on May 19, 1919, when the Turkish War of Independence began. Youth Day is celebrated on March 21 in Tunisia just after celebration of their independence. Youth Day is celebrated on the last Sunday of June in Ukraine. Youth Day is celebrated on February 12. The holiday was created to commemorate all the teenagers above 12 years old who fought and died in the Battle of La Victoria (1812), during

title: Day of Reconciliation

text: the celebration for the Afrikaners goes back to the Day of the Vow, celebrated on 16 December 1864 in commemoration of the Voortrekker victory over the Zulus at the Battle of Blood River. For African people, the date has been significant as one of both peaceful protests against racial injustice and of the founding of the more militant Umkhonto we Sizwe by the African National Congress (ANC) on 16 December 1961. Nelson Mandela and the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission chose a day that was special to both ethnic groups in the country in order to work on healing

title: Youth in South Africa

text: Youth in South Africa Youth in South Africa constituted 37% of the population in 2010, numbering 19.1 million individuals. South Africa's National Youth Commission Act, 1996, defines youth as those from ages 14 to 35 years. Like many other developing countries, South Africa's population as a whole is quite young. The elevated level of youth population is expected to exist for the next 20–30 years; the large proportion of working-age population presents South Africa with a time period of opportunity for human capital and economic development. Although South Africa transitioned from an apartheid government to a democracy in the early

title: Youth Day