question: where is beijing located on the world map

answers: northern China

answers: in northern China

title: Geography of Beijing

text: N and 116° 23' 30" E, Beijing shares roughly the same latitude as Denver, Indianapolis, Columbus (Ohio), Philadelphia, Ankara, Bukhara, as well as Jiayuguan, Yumen, and Jiuquan in Gansu. The city lines up at about the same longitude as Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia; Dezhou, Shandong; Yongcheng, Henan; Lu'an, Anhui; Linchuan, Jiangxi; Changting, Fujian; Jieyang, Guangdong; Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia; and Mataram, Indonesia. The latitude of the municipality ranges from 39° 27' to 41° 03' N and in longitude from 115° 25' to 117° 30' E. Beijing's antipode is located in the eastern part of Río Negro Province, Argentina, inland from Viedma. Geography

title: Geography of Beijing

text: in Pinggu. The city of Beijing lies on low and flat land, with elevation generally between above sea level. The highest point inside the old walled city is at the top of Coal Hill in Jingshan Park, which rises to and overlooks the Forbidden City. Longevity Hill in the Summer Palace reaches an elevation of . The plains from Beijing extend to the east as far as Shanhaiguan on the Bohai Sea and as far south as Nanjing, on the Yangtze River. To the west is Xishan, also known as the Western Hills, which are visible from the city on

title: Geography of Beijing

text: Geography of Beijing Beijing is located in northeastern China at the northern tip of the North China Plain, near the meeting point of the Xishan and Yanshan mountain ranges. The city itself lies on flat land (elevation ) that opens to the east and south. The municipality's outlying districts and counties extend into the mountains that surround the city from the southwest to the northeast. The highest peaks are over . Beijing Municipality consists of six city districts (previously eight, see Xuanwu and Chongwen), eight suburban districts and two rural counties. It covers a total area of . By land

title: Beijing

text: Beijing </ref> (1st)—very high Beijing (; Beijing is an important world capital and global power city, and one of the world's leading centers for politics, economy and business, finance, education, culture, innovation and technology, architecture, language, and diplomacy. A megacity, Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai and is the nation's political, cultural, and educational center. It is home to the headquarters of most of China's largest state-owned companies and houses the largest number of Fortune Global 500 companies in the world, as well as the world's four biggest financial institutions. It is also a

title: Beijing World Park

text: a Western Han dynasty prince and his wife. Beijing World Park Beijing World Park () is a theme park that attempts to give visitors the chance to see the world without having to leave Beijing. The park covers 46.7 hectares and is located in the southwestern Fengtai District of Beijing. It is about 17 km from Tiananmen, the City center, and 40 km from the Capital International Airport. The park opened in 1993 and is estimated to receive 1.5 million visitors annually. The entrance to the park is made up of a Gothic castle, Roman corridor, and granite relief sculptures.

title: Beijing World Park

text: Beijing World Park Beijing World Park () is a theme park that attempts to give visitors the chance to see the world without having to leave Beijing. The park covers 46.7 hectares and is located in the southwestern Fengtai District of Beijing. It is about 17 km from Tiananmen, the City center, and 40 km from the Capital International Airport. The park opened in 1993 and is estimated to receive 1.5 million visitors annually. The entrance to the park is made up of a Gothic castle, Roman corridor, and granite relief sculptures. Immediately inside the gate is an Italian-style terrace

title: Beijing World Park

text: continents: Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, and South America. The park contains about a hundred (109) scaled-down replicas of famous landmarks from nearly 40 countries and regions around the world, including the Tower Bridge in London, the Eiffel Tower in Paris, and the Great Pyramids in Egypt. There is even a miniature Manhattan, complete with twin towers of the World Trade Center. Each landmark represents its country or region of origin and is situated in the park according to its location on the map. Close attention to detail was paid in modeling these landmarks after their originals. For example, detailed

title: Beijing

text: resided in urban districts or suburban townships and 2.897 million lived in rural villages. The encompassing metropolitan area was estimated by the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) to have, , a population of 24.9 million. Within China, the city ranked second in urban population after Shanghai and the third in municipal population after Shanghai and Chongqing. Beijing also ranks among the most populous cities in the world, a distinction the city has held for much of the past 800 years, especially during the 15th to early 19th centuries when it was the largest city in the world. About

title: Beijing

text: seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites – the Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace, Ming Tombs, Zhoukoudian, and parts of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal – all popular locations for tourism. Siheyuans, the city's traditional housing style, and hutongs, the narrow alleys between siheyuans, are major tourist attractions and are common in urban Beijing. Many of Beijing's 91 universities consistently rank among the best in China, among which Peking University and Tsinghua University are ranked in the top 60 universities of the world. Beijing CBD is a center for Beijing's economic expansion, with the ongoing or recently completed

title: Beijing

text: standardized with both Chinese and English names displayed, with location names using pinyin, in 2008. Beijing's primary airport is the Beijing Capital International Airport (IATA: PEK) about northeast of the city center. The airport is the second busiest airport in the world after Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. After renovations for the 2008 Olympics, the airport now boasts three terminals, with Terminal 3 being one of the largest in the world. Most domestic and nearly all international flights arrive at and depart from Capital Airport. It is the main hub for Air China and a hub for China Southern and Hainan

title: Geography of Beijing

text: south of urban Beijing. Of the suburban districts further afield, Tongzhou and Shunyi in the east are rapidly urbanizing. Mentougou and Fangshan lie to the west, in Xishan, also known as the Western Hills. Fangshan is home to two of the oldest prehistoric sites in Beijing Municipality: the caves at Zhoukoudian, home of the Peking Man, and Liulihe, the site of the capital of the Yan Kingdom during the Western Zhou Dynasty. Daxing District, to the south, is largely agricultural but is also developing its own technology park in Yizhuang. Changping just north of the city ranges from densely urbanized

title: Geography of Beijing

text: city is divided into eastern and western halves by Dongcheng and Xicheng Districts. The Forbidden City, where emperors once lived, and Tiananmen Square, the center of the city, both belong to Dongcheng. But the Zhongnanhai Compound, next door to the Forbidden City, where China’s current leaders now reside, and the Great Hall of the People, on the west side of Tiananmen Square, both are part of Xicheng. The outer city, adjacent and south of the inner city, comprises the former Xuanwu and Chongwen districts, merged with Xicheng and Dongcheng respectively in July 2010. Chongwen is home to the Temple of

title: Beijing

text: city in the world by population for much of the second millennium A.D. "Encyclopædia Britannica" notes that "few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural center of an area as immense as China." With mountains surrounding the inland city on three sides, in addition to the old inner and outer city walls, Beijing was strategically poised and developed to be the residence of the emperor and thus was the perfect location for the imperial capital. The city is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, parks, gardens, tombs, walls and gates. It has

title: Beijing

text: major hub for the national highway, expressway, railway, and high-speed rail networks. The Beijing Capital International Airport has been the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic since 2010, and, , the city's subway network is the busiest and second longest in the world. Combining both modern and traditional architecture, Beijing is one of the oldest cities in the world, with a rich history dating back three millennia. As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, Beijing has been the political center of the country for most of the past eight centuries, and was the largest

title: Beijing

text: Beijing, (/beɪˈdʒɪŋ/) formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China and the world's second most populous city proper and most populous capital city. The city, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts.  Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast; together the three divisions form the Jingjinji metropolitan region and the national capital region of China.

title: Transport in Beijing

text: Beijing is a major railway hub in China's railway network. The following eight major railways radiate out of Beijing: The city also hosts a number of high speed railway lines: Further high speed connections being proposed include links to Shenyang, Tangshan, Zhangjiakou, Kowloon, Taipei, and Taiyuan. There are a number of international trains departing from Beijing to neighbouring countries. The Trans-Siberian train to Ulaan Baatar (Mongolia) and then onto Moscow (Russia) departs from Beijing. There are also trains to Pyongyang (North Korea) and Hanoi (Vietnam) which depart from Beijing. The trains also stop at other cities and towns along the

title: Da Ming Hunyi Tu

text: Eurasia, placing China in the center and stretching northward to Mongolia, southward to Java, eastward to central Japan, and westward to Europe (including the East African coast as an island). The map was created sometime during the Ming dynasty and handed over to the new rulers of China, the Manchus. The place names of China on the map reflect the political situation in 1389, or the 22nd year of the reign of the Hongwu Emperor. Thus some Chinese scholars concluded that it was indeed created in 1389 or little later. Others maintain a cautious attitude, suggesting that what was created

title: Geography of Beijing

text: area, the municipality is slightly larger than the country of Montenegro, though much of the municipality outside the urban core are sparsely populated mountains and farmland. The terrain is roughly 38% flat and 62% mountainous. The city is inland from the Bohai Sea via Tianjin Municipality in the southeast. Aside from Tianjin, Beijing is bordered on all other sides by Hebei Province, including a piece wedged between Beijing and Tianjin. Historically, Beijing was situated on the border between sedentary agricultural areas to the south and pastoralist regions beyond the mountains to the north. The Great Wall of China was built

title: Geography of Beijing

text: the city’s outskirts, but are now integral parts of the city inside the 5th Ring Road. All four have population densities above 4500 persons/km (11,600 persons/km). The vast Haidian District to the northwest is home to the Old and New Summer Palace, the university district, and Zhongguancun, the city’s high-technology silicon village. The even bigger Chaoyang District embraces the city from the north and east. Its possessions include Beijing Central Business District (CBD), the Olympic Green, and even the Beijing Capital International Airport. Shijingshan is a heavily industrialized district in the foothills of the Western Hills. Fengtai spans across the

title: Beijing

text: both lie at the western part of the city; the former, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, contains a comprehensive collection of imperial gardens and palaces that served as the summer retreats for the Qing imperial family. Among the best known religious sites in the city is the Temple of Heaven ("Tiantan"), located in southeastern Beijing, also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, where emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties made visits for annual ceremonies of prayers to Heaven for good harvest. In the north of the city is the Temple of Earth ("Ditan"), while the Temple of the Sun ("Ritan")

title: Beijing

text: Hebei, is the municipality's highest point, with an altitude of . Major rivers flowing through the municipality, including the Chaobai, Yongding, Juma, are all tributaries in the Hai River system, and flow in a southeasterly direction. The Miyun Reservoir, on the upper reaches of the Chaobai River, is the largest reservoir within the municipality. Beijing is also the northern terminus of the Grand Canal to Hangzhou, which was built over 1,400 years ago as a transportation route, and the South–North Water Transfer Project, constructed in the past decade to bring water from the Yangtze River basin. The urban area of

title: Geography of Beijing

text: these reservoirs, the city of Beijing faces chronic water shortages due to water-intensive agriculture, industry, and population growth. Under the South-North Water Transfer Project, the city plans to draw water from the Yangtze River through the Grand Canal, which was built 800 years ago for transportation, but now is being upgraded into a major aqueduct. The city's climate is a rather dry, monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification "Dwa"), characterised by hot, humid summers due to the East Asian monsoon, and generally cold, windy, very dry winters that reflect the influence of the vast Siberian anticyclone. Yet during the

title: Beijing

text: in the city. The official Latin alphabet abbreviation for Beijing is "BJ". The earliest traces of human habitation in the Beijing municipality were found in the caves of Dragon Bone Hill near the village of Zhoukoudian in Fangshan District, where Peking Man lived. "Homo erectus" fossils from the caves date to 230,000 to 250,000 years ago. Paleolithic "Homo sapiens" also lived there more recently, about 27,000 years ago. Archaeologists have found neolithic settlements throughout the municipality, including in Wangfujing, located in downtown Beijing. The first walled city in Beijing was Jicheng, the capital city of the state of Ji and

title: China World Hotel, Beijing

text: China World Hotel, Beijing China World Hotel, Beijing () is a five-star hotel of the Hong Kong-based Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts group () group. It is located next to The China World Trade Center in Chaoyang District, the central business district of Beijing, China, and attached to the China World Mall. The Shangri-La China World Hotel was built in 1989 and opened in August 1990 next to Guomao Subway Station in Beijing’s Chaoyang District. The hotel has a 2,000-capacity Conference Hall, and an 800-seat Grand Ballroom. The interior design was developed by LRF Designers Limited and renovated in 2003. Wilson

title: Beijing

text: Beijing, on the plains in the south-central of the municipality with elevation of , occupies a relatively small but expanding portion of the municipality's area. The city spreads out in concentric ring roads. The Second Ring Road traces the old city walls and the Sixth Ring Road connects satellite towns in the surrounding suburbs. Tian'anmen and Tian'anmen Square are at the center of Beijing, directly to the south of the Forbidden City, the former residence of the emperors of China. To the west of Tian'anmen is Zhongnanhai, the residence of China's current leaders. Chang'an Avenue, which cuts between Tiananmen and

title: Geography of Beijing

text: winter, winds from the northwest must cross the mountains that shield the city, keeping the city warmer than other locations of similar latitude in China. Spring can bear witness to sandstorms blowing in from the Mongolian steppe, accompanied by rapidly warming, but generally dry, conditions. Autumn, like spring, sees little rain but is crisp and short. January averages , while July averages . Annual precipitation is around , falling mostly in the summer months. Extremes have ranged from . In 2005, the total precipitation was , a majority of which occurred in the summer. With coordinates of 39° 54' 50

title: Beijing

text: The Ming city wall continued to serve until modern times, when it was pulled down and the 2nd Ring Road was built in its place. It is generally believed that Beijing was the largest city in the world for most of the 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. The first known church was constructed by Catholics in 1652 at the former site of Matteo Ricci's chapel; the modern Nantang Cathedral was later built upon the same site. The capture of Beijing by Li Zicheng's peasant army in 1644 ended the dynasty, but he and his Shun court abandoned the city

title: China

text: will also collaboratively host the 2022 Olympic Winter Games, which will make Beijing the first city in the world to hold both the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics. China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion. Covering approximately , it is the third- or fourth-largest country by total area, depending on the source consulted. Governed by the Communist Party of China, the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai,

title: Geography of Beijing

text: the west. But 1,800 years ago, the Yongding flowed through Jishuitan and downtown Beijing and then into Longtan Lake and on to Tongzhou. A major flood in 295 A.D. devastated part of Beijing, then known as Ji. Just west of Wangfujing, there is still a stretch of Beijing called "Shatan" or Sandy Beach. Today, an aqueduct draws water from the Yongding through Yuyuantan Park to the western city moat, which empties into Liangshui River south of the city. Another aqueduct draws water from Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace down through the Purple Bamboo Park and into the northern city

title: Beijing Hotel

text: Beijing Hotel The Beijing Hotel () is a five-star state-owned hotel complex in the Dongcheng District of Beijing, China. It is located at the southern end of Wangfujing Street, at the corner with East Chang'an Avenue, 1.5 km from Beijing Railway Station with views of the Forbidden City and part of Tiananmen Square. The first wing of the Grand Hôtel de Pékin, a five-story red brick structure, was completed in 1915. A second wing, today known as Block B, was completed in 1917, making the hotel one of the oldest in Beijing. In 1933 Zhang Jingyao was shot in the

title: Beijing

short_answers:
in northern China
northern China


question: when did the legal drinking age changed to 21

answers: By mid-1988

answers: October 1986

title: Alcohol laws of New Jersey

text: illegally consume it school, the state raised the drinking age to 19 in 1980. Citing statistics that indicated an increase in car deaths among drivers under 21, the drinking age was raised back to 21 in 1983. At the same time, the penalties for underage drinking were increased to include a mandatory driver's license suspension. In 1985, the state made it illegal for an adult to give alcohol to a person under 21, with exception for religious services and parents serving alcohol to their own children at home or in a private area. Historically, a few municipalities had ordinances against

title: National Minimum Drinking Age Act

text: alcoholic beverages. However, these changes were soon followed by studies showing an increase in motor vehicle fatalities attributable to the decreased MLDA. In response to these findings, many states raised the minimum legal drinking age to 19 (and sometimes to 20 or 21). In 1984, the National Minimum Legal Drinking Act, written by Senator Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ) and influenced by Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), required all states to enforce a minimum legal drinking age of 21 or else risk losing 10% of all federal highway construction funds. As the MLDA was still left to the discretion of the state,

title: Alcohol laws of New Jersey

text: underage person could possibly be prosecuted for contributing to the delinquency of a minor Furthermore, arrests and criminal prosecutions for underage drinking in bars or public areas were very uncommon before the 1980s. New Jersey's drinking age was lowered to 18 in 1973 as part of a broader legal change which reduced New Jersey's age of majority from 21 to 18. Much of the impetus for lowering the drinking age to 18 was to grant returning Vietnam veterans the right to purchase alcohol. Possibly because of concerns about 18-year-old high school students being able to legally purchase liquor, and then

title: Wisconsin

text: prevalence of drinking in Wisconsin. In Wisconsin, the legal drinking age is 21, except when accompanied by a parent, guardian, or spouse who is at least 21 years old. Age requirements are waived for possessing alcohol when employed by a brewer, brewpub, beer and/or liquor wholesaler, or producer of alcohol fuel. The minimum legal age to purchase alcohol is 21, with no exceptions. The Absolute Sobriety law states that any person not of legal drinking age (currently 21 years of age) may not drive after consuming alcohol. On September 30, 2003, the state legislature, reluctant to lower a DUI offense

title: Alcohol in New Zealand

text: to 21 - however minors could still buy alcohol to take home until 1914 when the age for both on- and off-licence purchase was set at 21. In 1969 the purchase age was lowered from 21 to 20. (although 18-year-olds were allowed to drink in bars from 1990 on certain conditions.) But in 1999 the legal purchasing age was lowered from 20 to 18 and despite several calls and legislation to raise the drinking age again, Lawmakers have overwhelmingly favoured the status quo and the age remains 18. It has never been illegal for a minor to drink alcohol in

title: Moscow, Idaho

text: Jackson and Main (College St. to Lewis St.) were razed in the late 1990s to complete this new corridor. Another significant change to local commerce was the increase of the state's legal drinking age to 21 in April 1987, after nearly fifteen years at age 19. Many establishments that relied on revenues from 19- and 20-year-olds from the two university communities had to adjust or cease operations. Prior to the lowering to 19 in July 1972, the drinking age in Idaho was 20 for beer and 21 for liquor and wine. A fixture of the Moscow skyline for nearly a

title: Alcohol laws of Wisconsin

text: raised the drinking age to 21 and brought the state into compliance with the NMDA (National Minimum Drinking Age) on September 1, 1986. The NMDA law was amended to permit an exception for those persons who were between ages 18 and 21 on the effective date of the law. Wisconsin 19- and 20-year-olds were “grandfathered in” by this exception after enactment of Act 337. In effect, the state did not have a uniform age of 21 until September 1, 1988. Alcohol laws of Wisconsin The alcohol laws of Wisconsin consist of both statewide statutes and local ordinances governing the sale

title: National Minimum Drinking Age Act

text: the act did not violate the 21st amendment which reserved the right to regulate alcohol for all responsibilities not specifically appointed to the federal government to the states. However, as the act controlled the distribution of anywhere from $8 million to $99 million, depending on the size of the state, the act gave a strong incentive for states to change the drinking age to 21. By 1995, all 50 states, two permanently inhabited territories, and D.C. were in compliance, but Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (and Guam until 2010) remained at 18 despite them losing 10% of federal highway

text: is already common, but NHTSA spokeswoman Evelyn Avant believes that lowering the drinking age would lead to even more alcohol use among young people. Legal drinking age controversy in the United States The legal drinking age varies from country to country. In the United States, the legal drinking age is currently 21. Other countries have raised the prices of alcohol and encouraged the general public to drink less. Having a legal drinking age of 21 allows for the hope that drinking would become less reckless and the people drinking would be more mature to make reasonable decisions when it comes

title: Alcohol law

text: in 1984, which tied federal highway funds to states' maintaining a minimum drinking age of 21. Despite a rekindled national debate in 2008 on the established drinking age (initiated by several university presidents), a Fairleigh Dickinson University PublicMind poll found in September 2008 that 76% of New Jerseyans supported leaving the legal drinking age at 21 years. No significant differences emerged when considering gender, political affiliation, or region. However, parents of younger children were more likely to support keeping the age at 21 (83%) than parents of college-age students (67%). Seventeen states (Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Florida, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi,

title: Mothers Against Drunk Driving

text: federal penalty (a 5%—later raised to 10%—loss of federal highway dollars), for states that didn't raise the minimum legal age for the purchase and possession of alcohol to 21. After the United States Supreme Court upheld the law in the 1987 case of "South Dakota v. Dole", every state and the District of Columbia made the necessary adjustments by 1988 (but not the territories of Puerto Rico and Guam). However, in July 2010 Guam raised its drinking age to 21. In 1985, Lightner objected to the shifting focus of MADD, and left her position with the organization. In 1988, a

text: ruled the Act was constitutional and the States still had the right to set their own drinking ages. However, the Federal Government can give the state a 10% penalty on highway funds if the state chooses to have their drinking age lower than 21. Not even a year later, all 50 states of the United States officially made 21 the minimum legal drinking age. MLDA-21 is not the only variable; the shift in demographics, increased enforcement, increased seat belt use, safer cars, increased parental monitoring and "designated driver" emphasis could also be a reason why after the age was raised,

title: National Minimum Drinking Age Act

text: (MLDA) of 21. Between 1970 and 1975, 29 states lowered the MLDA from 21 to 18, 19, or 20. This was primarily due to the passing of the 26th Amendment, which lowered the required voting age from 21 to 18. During the 1960s, both Congress and the state legislatures came under increasing pressure to lower the minimum voting age from 21 to 18. This was in large part due to the Vietnam War, in which many young men who were ineligible to vote (or legally drink) were conscripted to fight in the war, thus lacking any means to influence the

title: Epidemiology of binge drinking

text: has led to a review of liquor advertising being announced by the New Zealand government in January 2006. The review considered regulation of sport sponsorship by liquor companies, which at present is commonplace. Previously the drinking age in New Zealand was 20, then dropped to 18 in 1999. In direct conjunction with the age-lowering, the Police were found to strictly enforce the on-license (bar, restaurant) code for underage-drinking, less so for the off-licences (liquor stores, supermarkets). As a result, young people ages 15–17 found it significantly "harder" to get into (or be served at) bars and restaurants than it was

title: U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state

title: National Minimum Drinking Age Act

text: evidence that traffic deaths were merely shifted from the 18-20 age group to the 21-24 age group rather than averted. Additionally, Canada, Australia, the UK, and several other nations saw similar or faster declines in traffic fatalities than the USA did since the early 1980s despite not raising their drinking ages to 21. Thus, the magnitude of any public health and safety benefits of the 21 drinking age, at least relative to a legal drinking age of 18, remains unclear. National Minimum Drinking Age Act The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 () was passed by the United States

text: Legal drinking age controversy in the United States The legal drinking age varies from country to country. In the United States, the legal drinking age is currently 21. Other countries have raised the prices of alcohol and encouraged the general public to drink less. Having a legal drinking age of 21 allows for the hope that drinking would become less reckless and the people drinking would be more mature to make reasonable decisions when it comes to alcohol consumption. A survey of Australian college students demonstrated that they and other students witnessed blackouts during parties with alcohol consumption and around

title: Alcohol laws of Kansas

text: reduced by 10% the federal highway funding of any state which did not have a minimum drinking age of 21, the Kansas Legislature raised the drinking age from 18 to 21, effective January 1, 1985. Previously, the drinking age for CMB was 18. Persons under 21 are prohibited from purchasing or possessing any type of alcohol, from consuming alcohol for anything other than religious or prescribed medicinal purposes, or from having a blood alcohol level of more than .02%. There is exception for parents wishing to provide their own child CMB under K.S.A. 41-727(e). Alcohol laws of Kansas The alcohol

title: Alcohol law

text: Canada enacted prohibition of alcohol sales, consumption and distribution between the years of 1910 and 1920. After prohibition was ended, most provinces had a minimum drinking age of 21 years, while in the early 70s the age limit was lowered to either 18 or 19 years of age. Later a few provinces and territories raised their age limit from 18 to 19 in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The legal age for buying and possessing (but not necessarily for drinking) has been 21 years in every state since shortly after the passage of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act

title: Epidemiology of binge drinking

text: America, as well some as age-related differences. Canadians exceeded Americans in reported heavy alcohol use until age 19 (especially among the 1% percentage of students under 18), at which point Americans overtook and then began to exceed Canadians, especially among 21- and 22-year-olds. After age 23, there was no longer much of a difference. In Canada, the legal drinking age is 18 or 19, depending on the province. A relatively popular drinking game among the Canadian skateboarders and heavy metal culture is "wizard sticks", in which drinkers tape a stack of their empty beer cans to the can from which

text: 44% of college students were binge drinkers and that binge drinking peaked at age 21. Approximately three quarters of college students aged 18–20 years old drank alcohol in 2009. Within the U.S., youth are being targeted by social media in order to drive sales higher by highlighting alcohol consumption in a positive way. The legal drinking age was set to 21 years of age because studies showed that the leading cause of death of people age 1 to 34 accounted for one third of deaths due to unintentional injury from alcohol consumption. The liver is the organ that is most

title: Society of the United States

text: "dry", and to this day, a handful still do. During the Vietnam War era, attitudes swung well away from prohibition. Commentators noted that an eighteen-year-old could be drafted into the military to fight in a war overseas, but could not buy a beer. Most states lowered the legal drinking age to eighteen. Since 1980, the trend has been toward greater restrictions on alcohol and drug use. The focus this time, however, has been to criminalize behaviors associated with alcohol, rather than attempt to prohibit consumption outright. New York was the first state to enact tough drink-driving laws in 1980; since

title: Alcohol laws of West Virginia

text: 2016. The drinking age was 18 for beer/wine and 21 for liquor until 1972, when it was lowered to 18 for all beverages (along with the age of majority). It was then raised to 19 in 1983 (21 for non-residents) and 21 for all in 1986. Persons under 18 are also not allowed to sell alcohol. Calhoun County is “dry.” Because its laws are less restrictive than its neighbor states, West Virginia benefits from sales to border residents, especially from the southern part of its border with Kentucky which has several "dry" counties. Huntington also benefits from neighboring Lawrence County,

title: Alcohol laws of Maryland

text: is applied at the consumer level, appearing as a line-item on the customer's receipt. Prior to 1973, the minimum age to buy or possess alcoholic beverages was 21 years old. In 1973, the minimum age was decreased to 18 years old in Montgomery County and Prince George's County. In 1974, the minimum age was decreased to 18 years old for the entire state. In 1982, the minimum age was increased to 21 years old but with a grandfather clause which allowed those who had already turned 18 (born June 30, 1964 or earlier) to consume beer and wine. Alcohol laws

title: National Minimum Drinking Age Act

text: as his motivations. In 1998, the National Youth Rights Association was founded, in part, to seek to lower the drinking age back to 18. In 2004, the president of Vermont's Middlebury College, John McCardell, Jr. wrote in "The New York Times" that "the 21-year-old drinking age is bad social policy and terrible law" that has made the college drinking problem far worse. Groups that oppose the 21 minimum include Choose Responsibility, the Amethyst Initiative, and Students for Sensible Drug Policy. Mothers Against Drunk Driving supports the 21 law and has been the main opponent to lowering it back to 18.

title: Alberta Gaming, Liquor and Cannabis Commission

text: to purchase alcohol in 1965, in 1969 the ALCB opened its first self-serve liquor store in Edmonton. By 1970 the ALCB was no longer bottling products and commercial product packaging became normal. The Progressive Conservative government replaced the Socreds in 1971, and moved to loosen restrictions further, lowering the drinking age from 21 to 18. Although some Albertan MLA's since then have mooted raising the drinking age back to 19 to match the laws of neighbouring British Columbia and Saskatchewan, the lower drinking age remains in effect . Responsibility for domestic beer warehousing was transferred to the Alberta Brewers' Agents

title: Alcohol laws of New Jersey

text: 1939, it became a criminal offense to sell alcohol to a person under 21, and for a person under 21 to purchase or consume alcohol in a licensed establishment. The state criminalized the underage possession of alcohol in motor vehicles and other public areas in 1957, possibly in response to young New Jerseyans traveling to New York, where the drinking age was 18, and returning home with liquor. For many years laws against underage drinking and the serving of alcohol to minors did not apply on private property, though an adult who supplied a substantial amount of liquor to an

title: Binge drinking

text: the Amethyst Initiative asserted that lowering the legal drinking age to 18 (presumably) was one way to curb the "culture of dangerous binge drinking" among college students. This idea is currently the subject of controversy. Proponents argue that the 21 law forces drinking underground and makes it more dangerous than it has to be, while opponents have claimed that lowering the age would only make the situation worse. Despite health warnings, most Australian women drink at least one night a week. But experts are warning they are not only damaging their bodies but are also at risk of attracting sexual

text: average time of 0.75 to 1.35 hours depending on dose and last time of meal. Several factors affect a person's intoxication rate, including absorption rate factors such as food intake and drink strength, distribution factors, such as body fat, type, and weight, and Elimination factors, such as rate of consumption, tolerance, and gender differences. There are multiple views on the drinking age and how it should be handled. Most people argue one of three views, whether it should stay 21, lower to 18, or raise to 25. Some people, such as sociology Professor David Hanson, suggest lowering it. Underage drinking

title: Legal drinking age

text: of 19 years, while Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec have set a minimum age of 18 years. In South America all countries have set a minimum purchase age of 18 years, except for Guyana where minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider in a restaurant provided they buy a meal, and Paraguay the only country with a minimum legal purchase and drinking age of 20 years. Most countries within Europe have set 18 as the minimum age to purchase alcohol. Although Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Germany, Gibraltar, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Serbia and Switzerland (except

long_answer: From 1976 to 1983, several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities. In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate. The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans, because of it being higher than the age of majority (18 in most states) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment. Although debates have not been highly publicized, a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age, while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010.

short_answers:
By mid-1988
October 1986


question: a player that can shoot pass or dribble is considered to be

answers: Triple threat

title: Basketball

text: more likely to result in turnovers or violations. Dribbling is the act of bouncing the ball continuously with one hand, and is a requirement for a player to take steps with the ball. To dribble, a player pushes the ball down towards the ground with the fingertips rather than patting it; this ensures greater control. When dribbling past an opponent, the dribbler should dribble with the hand farthest from the opponent, making it more difficult for the defensive player to get to the ball. It is therefore important for a player to be able to dribble competently with both hands.

title: Double dribble

text: Double dribble In basketball, an "illegal dribble" (colloquially called a double dribble), occurs when a player ends his/her dribble by catching or causing the ball to come to rest in one or both hands and then dribbles it again with one hand or when a player touches it twice before the ball hits the ground. The dribble also ends when the dribbler palms/carries the ball by allowing it to come to rest in one or both hands. This is a palming/carrying the ball violation if the player continues with another dribble. There is an exception to the rule, however, and

title: Dribbling

text: Dribbling In sports, dribbling is maneuvering a ball by one player while moving in a given direction, avoiding defenders' attempts to intercept the ball. A player can dribble with their legs (in association football, for example), hands (basketball and handball), stick (bandy, field hockey, and ice hockey) or swimming strokes (water polo). A successful dribble will bring the ball past defenders legally and create opportunities to score. In association football, a dribble is one of the most difficult ball skills to master and one of the most useful attacking moves. In typical game play, players attempt to propel the ball

title: Double dribble

text: the ball into the air or to the floor. The dribble ends when the player: Art. 24.2 of the FIBA rules provides that: A player shall not dribble for a second time after his first dribble has ended unless between the 2 dribbles he has lost control of a live ball on the playing court because of: Under NCAA, NFHS and FIBA rules, if an illegal dribble violation occurs, then the ball is awarded to the opposing team out of bounds nearest the point where the violation took place. Under NBA rules, the ball is awarded to the opposing team

title: Double dribble

text: at the nearest spot, but no closer to the end line than the free throw line extended. Double dribble In basketball, an "illegal dribble" (colloquially called a double dribble), occurs when a player ends his/her dribble by catching or causing the ball to come to rest in one or both hands and then dribbles it again with one hand or when a player touches it twice before the ball hits the ground. The dribble also ends when the dribbler palms/carries the ball by allowing it to come to rest in one or both hands. This is a palming/carrying the ball

title: Dribbling

text: the ball over to the other team. A "double dribble" may also be called if the player tries to dribble with both hands at the same time. Dribbling should be done with finger pads and the fingers should be relaxed and spread, The wrist should be pushing the basketball, and the forearm should be moving up and down. Skilled ball handlers bounce the ball low to the ground, reducing the risk of a defender reaching in to steal the ball. Adept dribblers can dribble behind their backs, between their legs and change the speed of the dribble, making the player

title: Dribbling

text: to another player or shooting for the basket. It consists of bouncing the ball on the floor continuously with one hand while walking or running down the court. James Naismith's original rules said nothing about dribbling, merely stating that passing the ball was the legal way of advancing it. Players soon developed the strategy of "passing to themselves", which Naismith himself both endorsed and admired for its ingenuity, and which evolved into the dribble as it is known today. The first known team to dribble was Yale University in 1897. The dribble allows for much faster advancement and thus more

title: Basketball

text: the dribble, giving this infraction the name double dribble. Within a dribble, the player cannot carry the ball by placing his hand on the bottom of the ball; doing so is known as carrying the ball. A team, once having established ball control in the front half of their court, may not return the ball to the backcourt and be the first to touch it. A violation of these rules results in loss of possession. The ball may not be kicked, nor be struck with the fist. For the offense, a violation of these rules results in loss of possession;

title: Basketball

text: outside and dribble if their skill allows it. Popular descriptions of positions include: Point guard (often called the "1") : usually the fastest player on the team, organizes the team's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time. Shooting guard (the "2") : creates a high volume of shots on offense, mainly long-ranged; and guards the opponent's best perimeter player on defense. Small forward (the "3") : often primarily responsible for scoring points via cuts to the basket and dribble penetration; on defense seeks rebounds and steals, but sometimes

title: Dribbling

text: opportunities for scoring. It also provides an opportunity for a crafty player on the opposing team to "steal" the ball in mid-bounce. Once a player stops dribbling the ball and holds it, the player normally must either pass it to another player or take a shot; if the player dribbles and then holds the ball in any way (either grasping it with his hands or arms, or "palming" it, i.e. holding it too much toward its underside during the act of dribbling) then continues to dribble, then the referee stops the play, signals either "double dribble" or "carrying", and turns

title: Double dribble

text: that is the power dribble. It can only be used once and can only be used after receiving a pass in the lane. The player (usually a center and/or power forward) slams the ball quickly with both hands and retrieves it. This is used to help big men back defenders down and get a strong stance. It usually is used in/near the paint (the lane). There is no violation during the jump ball, a throw-in or free throw. In the National Basketball Association, a dribble is movement of the ball, caused by a player in control, who throws or touches

title: Handball

text: at any time is considered travelling, and results in a turnover. A player may dribble as many times as they want (though, since passing is faster, it is the preferred method of attack), as long as during each dribble the hand contacts only the top of the ball. Therefore, carrying is completely prohibited, and results in a turnover. After the dribble is picked up, the player has the right to another three seconds or three steps. The ball must then be passed or shot, as further holding or dribbling will result in a "double dribble" turnover and a free throw

title: Crossover dribble

text: Crossover dribble A "Crossover dribble" is a basketball maneuver in which a player dribbling the ball switches the ball rapidly from one hand to the other, to make a change in direction. In a typical example the player heads upcourt, dribbling the ball in (say) the left hand, then makes a wide step left with a good head fake. If the defender is deceived, the player can then switch to dribbling with the right hand and surpass the defender. The crossover can allow the player an open short jumper or a clear path to the basket. There are six basic

title: Basketball

text: Good dribblers (or "ball handlers") tend to bounce the ball low to the ground, reducing the distance of travel of the ball from the floor to the hand, making it more difficult for the defender to "steal" the ball. Good ball handlers frequently dribble behind their backs, between their legs, and switch directions suddenly, making a less predictable dribbling pattern that is more difficult to defend against. This is called a crossover, which is the most effective way to move past defenders while dribbling. A skilled player can dribble without watching the ball, using the dribbling motion or peripheral vision

title: Basketball moves

title: Basketball

text: collect a rebound, that is, a missed shot that bounces from rim or backboard. It is a violation to lift or drag one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling. The five players on each side at a time fall into five positions player positions: the tallest player is usually the center, the tallest and strongest is the power forward, a slightly shorter but more agile big man is the small forward, and the shortest players or the best ball handlers are the shooting guard and the

title: Dribbling

text: foot-ball game. It is one in which young men, in country sport, propel a huge ball not by throwing it into the air but by striking it and skilfully rolling it along the ground, and that not with their hands but with their feet... kicking in opposite directions". It is known that dribbling skills were a key part of many nineteenth-century football games at English public schools with the earliest reference to ball passing coming in 1863 rules of The Football Association. In basketball, dribbling is the legal method of advancing the ball by oneself, as opposed to passing it

title: Traveling (basketball)

text: f. A player who attempts a field goal may not be the first to touch the ball if it fails to touch the backboard, basket ring or another player. g. A player is not allowed be the first to touch his own pass unless the ball touches his backboard, basket ring or another player. h. Upon ending his dribble or gaining control of the ball, a player may not touch the floor consecutively with the same foot (hop). Article 25 of the FIBA Official Basketball Rules 2014: 25.1 Definition 25.1.1. Traveling is the illegal movement of one foot or both

title: Basketball

text: passed between players, thrown, tapped, rolled or dribbled (bouncing the ball while running). The ball must stay within the court; the last team to touch the ball before it travels out of bounds forfeits possession. The ball is out of bounds if it touches a boundary line, or touches any player or object that is out of bounds. There are limits placed on the steps a player may take without dribbling, which commonly results in an infraction known as traveling. Nor may a player stop his dribble and then resume dribbling. A dribble that touches both hands is considered stopping

title: Dribbling

text: common and necessary in many sports. Introducing these skills prevents players from taking the ball in hand and running the length of the field unchallenged. In this way, the dribbling is related to: Dribbling In sports, dribbling is maneuvering a ball by one player while moving in a given direction, avoiding defenders' attempts to intercept the ball. A player can dribble with their legs (in association football, for example), hands (basketball and handball), stick (bandy, field hockey, and ice hockey) or swimming strokes (water polo). A successful dribble will bring the ball past defenders legally and create opportunities to score.

title: Dribble drive motion

text: players in the half court, so that helping on dribble penetration or skips becomes difficult for the defense, because the help will leave an offensive player open without any defenders near him. As an example a guard can drive through the defensive gaps for a layup or dunk, or pass out to the perimeter if the defense collapses onto him. Like the Princeton offense, the Dribble Drive offense is a "four-out" offense - that is, only one post player (generally the center) plays near the basket, while the other four players play on the perimeter, around the three-point line. Unlike

title: Roll ball

text: during passing and shooting. Player interaction is similar to basketball in that a player must dribble the ball while carrying it. A player may dribble, pass or throw the ball with single or both the hands. It is a violation to run or roll with the ball without dribbling or to deliberately kick or block the ball it with any part of the leg. To accidentally come into contact or touch the ball with the foot or leg is not a violation. Players may also not strike the ball with a fist. Foul rules are similar to those of association

title: Basketball positions

text: the weaknesses of the defense, and the strengths of their own offense. They are responsible for directing plays, making the position equivalent to that of quarterback in American football, playmaker in association football (soccer), center in ice hockey, or setter in volleyball. Good point guards increase team efficiency and generally have a high number of assists. They are often referred to as dribblers or play-makers. In the NBA, point guards are usually the shortest players on the team and are mostly or shorter. The shooting guard (SG) is also known as the two or the off guard. Along with the

title: Basketball positions

text: small forward, a shooting guard is often referred to as a wing because of its use in common positioning tactics. As the name suggests, most shooting guards are good shooters from three-point range. Besides being able to shoot the ball, shooting guards tend to have good ball handling skills and the ability to drive the ball to the basket, often creating their own shots off the dribble. A versatile shooting guard will have good passing skills, allowing them to assume point guard responsibilities known as combo guards. Bigger shooting guards also tend to play as small forwards. In the NBA,

title: Double Dribble (video game)

text: the ball or making a shot. Frequently a player would miss a slam dunk, which is a very high percentage shot. The arcade version was a timed play (much like "Star Fire"), where after every minute of play, the game was owed a credit if the score was tied or the computer is ahead. However, if the live player was ahead, a "free" minute was earned. Many average players could earn the first free minute, but this became increasingly more difficult to do as making 3-point shots became virtually impossible over the course of gameplay. Players can choose from one

title: Point guard

text: secondary to situational awareness, speed, quickness, and ball handling skills. Shorter players tend to be better dribblers since they are closer to the floor, and thus have better control of the ball while dribbling. After an opponent scores, it is typically the point guard who brings the ball down court to begin an offensive play. Passing skills, ball handling, and court vision are crucial. Speed is important; a speedy point guard is better able to create separation and space off the dribble, giving him/herself room to work. Point guards are often valued more for their assist totals than for their

title: Rules of basketball

text: had dribbled. The definition of dribbling became the "continuous passage of the ball" in 1909, allowing more than one bounce, and a player who had dribbled was then allowed to shoot. Running with the ball ceased to be considered a foul in 1922, and became a violation, meaning that the only penalty was loss of possession. Striking the ball with the fist has also become a violation. From 1931, if a closely guarded player withheld the ball from play for five seconds, play was stopped and resumed with a jump ball; such a situation has since become a violation by

title: Dribbling

text: difficult to defend, and opening up options to pass, shoot or drive with the ball. The National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC) was founded in 1927 to oppose a move to eliminate dribbling from the sport. In water polo, dribbling is the technique of moving the ball while swimming forward. The ball is propelled ahead of the player with the wake created by alternating armstrokes, and often accompanied by occasional nudges using the nose or forehead. Since ball contact is minimal, this creates advantage for the ball carrier advancing the ball; the defender may not make contact unless the attacker

title: Basketball moves

text: the dribbler's feet or a steal. This dribble is especially useful for when the offensive player is really close to their defender and needs to change dribble hands, but doesn't have space to use a regular crossover. The wraparound is similar to a behind-the-back except; instead of the ball being thrown in a sideways direction and bouncing behind the ballhandler's back, it is swung further around the back and thrown in a forward direction, bouncing on the side or in front of the ballhandler's body. This move is mostly used when a defender lunges toward one side of the ballhandler's

title: NBA 2K2

text: Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, Julius Erving, Wilt Chamberlain, Magic Johnson, and Bill Russell. Each player's abilities reflect those based on the 2001–02 season, so the location of shots is important depending on the athlete. Moves such as crossover dribbles, pump fakes, speed bursts, and both icon and directional passing allow players multiple options to move the ball down the court. While approaching the net, players can press a single button to pass to the man closest to the basket or use their athlete's size advantage to back down a defender. Players can also call for a pick with a press

title: Basketball moves

long_answer: Triple threat is the position when a player facing a defender receives a pass but has not dribbled yet. The offensive player's feet are slightly wider than shoulder width and slightly on the balls of their feet, their knees flexed, with both hands on the basketball in front of them or almost resting on their thigh, presenting the defender with an opponent able to move in any direction. One foot is held as the pivot and the other slightly ahead. From this, the player can choose from three options: to jump-shoot, to dribble (drive) past the defender or to pass it to a teammate. There are also options to get the defender out of their defensive stance by using jab steps and pump fakes.


question: where does the spinal cord become cauda equina

answers: L1 or L2

answers: the conus medullaris

title: Cauda equina

text: vertebra (T12) to L3. Individual spinal nerve roots arise from the cord as they get closer to the head, but as the differential growth occurs, the top end of the nerve stays attached to the spinal cord while the lower end of the nerve exits the spinal column at its proper level. This results in a "bundle"-like structure of nerve fibers that extends caudally from the end of the spinal cord, gradually declining in number further down as individual pairs leave the spinal column. The cauda equina exists within the lumbar cistern, a gap between the arachnoid membrane and the

title: Cauda equina

text: displaces from its normal position. The herniation occurs after the disc begins to break down with aging and can be precipitated by stress or a mechanical problem in the spine. The result is that the softer, center portion of the disc pushes out and causes pressure on the nerve roots in the lumbar spine. Other causes include spinal lesions and tumors, spinal infections or inflammation, lumbar spinal stenosis, trauma to the lower back, birth abnormalities, spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), spinal hemorrhages (subarachnoid, subdural, epidural), narrowing of the spinal canal, postoperative lumbar spine surgery complications or spinal anesthesia. The cauda equina

title: Cauda equina

text: pia matter of the spinal cord, called the subarachnoid space. Cerebrospinal fluid also exists within this space. Because the spinal cord terminates at level L1/L2, lumbar puncture (or colloquially, "spinal tap") is performed from the lumbar cistern between two vertebrae at level L3/L4, or L4/L5, where there is no risk of accidental injury to the spinal cord, when a sample of CSF is needed for clinical purposes. Cauda equina syndrome, a rare disorder affecting the bundle of nerve roots (cauda equina) at the lower (lumbar) end of the spinal cord, is a surgical emergency. Cauda equina syndrome occurs when the

title: Cauda equina

text: nerve roots in the lumbar spine are compressed, disrupting sensation and movement. Nerve roots that control the function of the bladder and bowel are especially vulnerable to damage. It can lead to permanent paralysis, impaired bladder and/or bowel control, loss of sexual sensation, and other problems if left untreated. Even with immediate treatment, some patients may not recover complete function. Cauda equina syndrome most commonly results from a massive disc herniation in the lumbar region. A disc herniation occurs when one of the soft flexible discs that functions as an elastic shock absorber between the bones of the spinal column

title: Cauda equina syndrome

text: Cauda equina syndrome Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a condition that occurs when the bundle of nerves below the end of the spinal cord known as the cauda equina is damaged. Signs and symptoms include low back pain, pain that radiates down the leg, numbness around the anus, and loss of bowel or bladder control. Onset may be rapid or gradual. The cause is usually a disc herniation in the lower region of the back. Other causes include spinal stenosis, cancer, trauma, epidural abscess, and epidural hematoma. The diagnosis is suspected based on symptoms and confirmed by medical imaging such

title: Spinal disease

text: the higher the spinal lesion, the greater the functional impairment to the individual. Symptoms may include bowel and bladder problems, weakness and/or loss of sensation below the level of the lesion, paralysis, or orthopedic issues. Severity of symptoms can vary per situation. Cauda equina syndrome is a rare syndrome that effects the spinal nerves in the region of the lower back called the cauda equine (Latin for "horses tail"). Injury to the cauda equine can have long lasting ramifications for the individual. Symptoms include lower back pain, bladder disturbances, bowel dysfunction, and anesthesia or paresthesia between the thighs. In order

title: Cauda equina syndrome

text: equina, penetrating trauma such as knife wounds or ballistic trauma. CES can be caused by lumbar spinal stenosis, which is when the diameter of the spinal canal narrows. This could be the result of a degenerative process of the spine (such as osteoarthritis) or a developmental defect which is present at birth. In the most severe cases of spondylolisthesis cauda equina syndrome can result. Chronic spinal inflammatory conditions such as Paget disease, neurosarcoidosis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, ankylosing spondylitis and chronic tuberculosis can cause it. This is due to the spinal canal narrowing that these kinds of syndromes can produce.

title: Cauda equina syndrome

text: L1-5 and S1-5. The nerve roots from L4-S4 join in the sacral plexus which affects the sciatic nerve, which travels caudally (toward the feet). Compression, trauma or other damage to this region of the spinal canal can result in cauda equina syndrome. The symptoms may also appear as a temporary side-effect of a sacral extra-dural injection: Direct trauma can also cause cauda equina syndrome. Most common causes include iatrogenic lumbar punctures, burst fractures resulting in posterior migration of fragments of the vertebral body, severe disc herniations, spinal anaesthesia involving trauma from catheters and high local anaesthetic concentrations around the cauda

title: Cauda equina syndrome

text: to remove the compression causing nerve damage, the greater the damage caused to the nerve(s). Damage can be so severe that nerve regrowth is impossible, and the nerve damage will be permanent. In cases where the nerve has been damaged but is still capable of regrowth, recovery time is widely variable. Surgical intervention with decompression of the cauda equina can assist recovery. Delayed or severe nerve damage can mean up to several years' recovery time because nerve growth is exceptionally slow. Review of the literature indicates that around 50-70% of patients have urinary retention (CES-R) on presentation with 30-50% having

title: Neuromere

text: spinal segments form a bundle called the cauda equina. There are two regions where the spinal cord enlarges: Cervical enlargement - corresponds roughly to the brachial plexus nerves, which innervate the upper limb. It includes spinal cord segments from about C4 to T1. The vertebral levels of the enlargement are roughly the same (C4 to T1). Lumbosacral enlargement - corresponds to the lumbosacral plexus nerves, which innervate the lower limb. It comprises the spinal cord segments from L2 to S3 and is found about the vertebral levels of T9 to T12. The spinal cord is made from part of the

title: Cauda equina syndrome

text: care to those admitted to the hospital for surgery. Hospital stays generally last 4 to 5 days, and cost an average of $100,000 to $150,000. Cauda equina syndrome Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a condition that occurs when the bundle of nerves below the end of the spinal cord known as the cauda equina is damaged. Signs and symptoms include low back pain, pain that radiates down the leg, numbness around the anus, and loss of bowel or bladder control. Onset may be rapid or gradual. The cause is usually a disc herniation in the lower region of the back.

title: Cauda equina syndrome

text: shows leg (lumbar nerves) analgesia with perineal (sacral nerves) escape. The maintenance of perineal sensation with absence of pain sensation over the lumbar nerve roots is typical for an extra-medullary and intra-thecal (outside the cord and within the dural sheath) process. Inability to walk, with this unusual sensory examination completes a triad of signs and usually represents spinal tuberculosis. The triad is paraplegia with lumbar loss of pain sensation and presence of perineal altered sensation. Diagnosis is usually confirmed by an MRI scan or CT scan, depending on availability. Early surgery in acute onset of severe cases has been reported

title: Spinal nerve

text: L1 vertebra, where the cauda equina begins, and then descend into the sacrum. There are five paired sacral nerves, half of them arising through the sacrum on the left side and the other half on the right side. Each nerve emerges in two divisions: one division through the anterior sacral foramina and the other division through the posterior sacral foramina. The nerves divide into branches and the branches from different nerves join with one another, some of them also joining with lumbar or coccygeal nerve branches. These anastomoses of nerves form the sacral plexus and the lumbosacral plexus. The branches

title: Lumbar

text: body. In most mammals, the lumbar region of the spine curves outward. The actual spinal cord (Angelamedulla spinalis) terminates between vertebrae one and two of this series, called L1 and L2. The nervous tissue that extends below this point are individual strands that collectively form the cauda equina. In between each lumbar vertebra a nerve root exits, and these nerve roots come together again to form the largest single nerve in the human body, the sciatic nerve. The sciatic nerve runs through the back of each leg and into the feet. This is why a disorder of the low back

title: Cauda equina

title: Caudal cell mass

text: Caudal cell mass In humans and other mammals, the caudal cell mass (sometimes tail bud in humans) is the aggregate of undifferentiated cells at the caudal end on the spine.The caudal end of the spinal cord first begins to form after primary neuralation has taken place, indicating that it develops after the cranial portion of the spinal cord has developed. Following neuralation, the caudal tail begins to form a neurocele as it develops a hollow core. After this, secondary neuralation occurs in which the medullary cord begins to form and is filled with many cavities that ultimatelly form the lumen.

title: Cauda equina syndrome

text: focus of rehabilitation is centered on controlling the bladder and bowel functions and decreasing muscle weakness in the lower extremities. Physical therapists can assist in sitting stability and transferring by working on strength training. Therapists will work on balance, gait, and transfers since muscle weakness or paralysis may occur in the lower extremities (Dawodu, 2013). Additionally, electrical stimulation is also helpful to enhance muscle tone (Dawodu, 2013). The prognosis for complete recovery is dependent upon many factors. The most important of these is the severity and duration of compression upon the damaged nerve(s). Generally, the longer the time before intervention

title: Spinal cord

text: neural elements. The spinal cord ends at the level of vertebrae L1–L2, while the subarachnoid space —the compartment that contains cerebrospinal fluid— extends down to the lower border of S2. Lumbar punctures in adults are usually performed between L3–L5 (cauda equina level) in order to avoid damage to the spinal cord. In the fetus, the spinal cord extends the full length of the spine and regresses as the body grows. Spinal tumours can occur in the spinal cord and these can be either inside (intradural) or outside (extradural) the dura mater. Spinal cord The spinal cord is a long, thin,

title: Laminotomy

text: the L3 vertebrae occurs, pressure builds up on the cauda equina, commonly causing pain in the lower back and lower extremities. Cauda equina compression can also be due to stenosis of L4-5 region as well. Even though the CT scan allows for intensive image studying, the fixed nature of the image collection process alone is not enough to reach a definitive diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis. The outcome of the CT scan can help compile physiological evidence that the patient has lumbar spinal stenosis, and that the patient may potentially benefit from a laminotomy to improve his or her quality

title: Sciatica

text: and allowing nerve roots to properly exit through the spaces between the vertebrae from the spinal cord. As an individual ages, the anulus fibrosus inevitably weakens and it becomes less rigid; thus, it is subsequently more likely to tear. When there is a tear in the anulus fibrosus, the nucleus pulposus may extrude through the tear and press against spinal nerves within the spinal cord, cauda equina, or exiting nerve roots, causing inflammation, numbness, or excruciating pain. Inflammation of spinal tissue can then spread to adjacent facet joints and cause facet syndrome, which is characterized by lower back pain and

title: Spinal cord

text: Spinal cord The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue, that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It encloses the central canal of the spinal cord that contains cerebrospinal fluid. The brain and spinal cord together make up the central nervous system (CNS). In humans, the spinal cord begins at the occipital bone where it passes through the foramen magnum, and meets and enters the spinal canal at the beginning of the cervical vertebrae. The spinal cord extends down to between the first and

title: Cauda equina syndrome

text: antibiotics can be used to treat it. Cauda equina syndrome can occur during pregnancy due to lumbar disc herniation; age of mother increases the risk. Surgery can still be performed and the pregnancy does not adversely affect treatment. Treatment for those with cauda equina can and should be carried out at any time during pregnancy. Lifestyle issues may need to be addressed post - treatment. Issues could include the patients need for physiotherapy and occupational therapy due to lower limb dysfunction. Obesity might also need to be tackled. Rehabilitation of CES depends on the severity of the injury. If permanent

title: Retrolisthesis

text: of spinal segments. There is also always a reduced anterior to posterior dimension of the spinal canal compared to the way it is supposed to be. The greater the posterior displacement, the more significant it is for producing a dysfunctional spinal cord or even a cauda equina syndrome. Joint stability is easily evaluated by the use of flexion and extension lateral x-ray views of the spine. A summary of part of the DRE tables () give a guide as to the implications of the joint instability. If either translation or angular change is determined from flexion to extension to the

title: Spinal disc herniation

text: can result in loss of bowel and bladder control as well as sexual dysfunction. This disorder is called cauda equina syndrome. Other complications include chronic pain. Most authors favour degeneration of the intervertebral disc as the major cause of spinal disc herniation and cite trauma as a low cause. Disc degeneration occurs both with degenerative disc disease and aging. With degeneration, the contents of the disc, the nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus, are exposed to altered loads. Specifically, the nucleus becomes fibrous and stiff and less able to bear load. The load is transferred to the anulus, which, if it

title: Peripheral nervous system

text: and T1 (so it is called spinal nerve root C8). In the lumbar and sacral region, the spinal nerve roots travel within the dural sac and they travel below the level of L2 as the cauda equina. The first 4 cervical spinal nerves, C1 through C4, split and recombine to produce a variety of nerves that serve the neck and back of head. Spinal nerve C1 is called the suboccipital nerve, which provides motor innervation to muscles at the base of the skull. C2 and C3 form many of the nerves of the neck, providing both sensory and motor control.

title: Cauda equina syndrome

text: an incomplete syndrome (CES-I). The latter group, especially if the history is less than a few days, usually requires emergency MRI to confirm the diagnosis followed by prompt decompression. CES-I with its more favourable prognosis may become CES-R at a later stage. Various etiologies of CES include fractures, abscesses, hematomas, and any compression of the relevant nerve roots. Injuries to the thoracolumbar spine will not necessarily result in a clinical diagnosis of CES, but in all such cases it is necessary to consider. Few epidemiological studies of CES have been done in the United States, owing to difficulties such as

title: Epidural administration

text: spinal canal but just outside the dura mater ("dura"). In contact with the inner surface of the dura is another membrane called the arachnoid mater ("arachnoid"). The cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds the spinal cord is contained by the arachnoid mater. In adults, the spinal cord terminates around the level of the disc between L1 and L2 (in neonates it extends to L3 but can reach as low as L4), below which lies a bundle of nerves known as the cauda equina ("horse's tail"). Hence, lumbar epidural injections carry a low risk of injuring the spinal cord. Insertion of an epidural

title: Cauda equina syndrome

text: to be important. Early diagnosis can allow for preventive treatment. Signs that allow early diagnosis include changes in bowel and bladder function and loss of feeling in groin. The management of true cauda equina syndrome frequently involves surgical decompression. When cauda equina syndrome is caused by a herniated disk early surgical decompression is recommended. Cauda equina syndrome of sudden onset is regarded as a medical/surgical emergency. Surgical decompression by means of laminectomy or other approaches may be undertaken within 6, 24 or 48 hours of symptoms developing if a compressive lesion, e.g., ruptured disc, epidural abscess, tumor or hematoma is

title: Spinal cord

text: around in women, ovoid-shaped, and is enlarged in the cervical and lumbar regions. The cervical enlargement, stretching from the C5 to T1 vertebrae, is where sensory input comes from and motor output goes to the arms and trunk. The lumbar enlargement, located between L1 and S3, handles sensory input and motor output coming from and going to the legs. The spinal cord is continuous with the caudal portion of the medulla, running from the base of the skull to the body of the first lumbar vertebra. It does not run the full length of the vertebral column in adults. It

title: Spinal cord injury

text: impingement on the spinal cord by a tumor or vertebral disk. Anterior cord syndrome, due to damage to the front portion of the spinal cord or reduction in the blood supply from the anterior spinal artery, can be caused by fractures or dislocations of vertebrae or herniated disks. Below the level of injury, motor function, pain sensation, and temperature sensation are lost, while sense of touch and proprioception (sense of position in space) remain intact. These differences are due to the relative locations of the spinal tracts responsible for each type of function. Brown-Séquard syndrome occurs when the spinal cord

title: Cauda equina

long_answer: The cauda equina (Latin for "horse's tail") is a bundle of spinal nerves and spinal nerve rootlets, consisting of the second through fifth lumbar nerve pairs, the first through fifth sacral nerve pairs, and the coccygeal nerve, all of which arise from the lumbar enlargement and the conus medullaris of the spinal cord. The cauda equina occupies the lumbar cistern, a subarachnoid space inferior to the conus medullaris. The nerves that compose the cauda equina innervate the pelvic organs and lower limbs to include motor innervation of the hips, knees, ankles, feet, internal anal sphincter and external anal sphincter. In addition, the cauda equina extends to sensory innervation of the perineum and, partially, parasympathetic innervation of the bladder.


question: when did clifford the big red dog first air on tv

answers: September 4, 2000

title: Clifford the Big Red Dog (TV series)

text: of "Clifford the Big Red Dog" . By the time the last of the 68 half-hour episodes and the subsequent film "Clifford's Really Big Movie" were completed, Ritter was back on ABC's prime-time schedule, starring in "8 Simple Rules". Ritter's death on September 11, 2003 came less than a week before PBS debuted "Clifford's Puppy Days", a show that kept Clifford's legacy going. While no new "Clifford" episodes have been released since Ritter's death in 2003, voice actors for the main characters have reprised some of their roles for the "Ready to Learn" PBS Kids PSAs. "Clifford's Really Big Movie"

title: Clifford the Big Red Dog (TV series)

text: because her mother told her that a small apartment is no place for a big dog like Clifford. The series has at least 5 segments in the show, which are: On UK airings, only one story is shown with either the Storytime with Speckle or the Clifford's Big Ideas segments at the end, shortening the show to only about 15 Minutes. "Clifford the Big Red Dog" was shown on BBC One and Tiny Pop in United Kingdom. It also aired in Canada on CBC and in Latin America on Discovery Kids. A reboot was announced on May 16, 2018 by

title: Clifford the Big Red Dog

text: Clifford the Big Red Dog Clifford the Big Red Dog is an American children's book series about a giant red dog named Clifford. It was first published in 1963 and was written by Norman Bridwell (1928–2014). Bridwell himself had a dog he based the stories on, however his pet canine was neither big nor red. The series helped establish Scholastic as a premier publishing company, and Clifford himself is Scholastic's official mascot. In 1988, Scholastic Studios, Mendelson-Melendez Productions, Nelvana, Wang Film Productions, and Family Home Entertainment released "Clifford's Fun with...", a videotape series with the theme song by Phillip Namanworth

title: Clifford the Big Red Dog (TV series)

text: Scholastic, and will premiere in late 2019. Scholastic, Brown Bag Films and 100 Chickens Productions will produce the series. In 1988, before the television series, six direct-to-video episodes based on the "Clifford the Big Red Dog" children's book series by Norman Bridwell, were released on videocassette by Family Home Entertainment, The Scholastic Learning Library, Nelvana, Wang Film Productions Co., Ltd., and Mendelson-Melendez Productions. The animation for direct-to-video series, came from the "Peanuts" cartoon team of Lee Mendelson and Bill Melendez, giving them a look similar to the "Peanuts" cartoons, in contrast to the later television series which was animated by

title: Clifford the Big Red Dog

text: a 39-episode prequel series that took place during Clifford's puppyhood, which ran September 2003 to February 2006. During that time, a 76-minute film which served as the show's finale was released in February 2004. There will be a new Clifford series in Fall 2019 for Amazon Prime Video. In May 2012, it was reported that Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment would make a live-action/animated feature film based on the book. Matt Lopez had been hired to write the script, while Chris Meledandri and Deborah Forte would produce the film. In July 2013, it was reported that Illumination had dropped the

title: Clifford's Really Big Movie

text: Clifford's Really Big Movie Clifford's Really Big Movie is a 2004 American animated adventure film based on the classic PBS Kids TV series "Clifford the Big Red Dog", itself an adaptation of the book series of the same name by Norman Bridwell. This film was directed by Robert Ramirez, produced by Scholastic Entertainment and Big Red Dog Productions, and originally released to theaters by Warner Bros. on February 20, 2004. The film depicts a giant red Labrador Retriever named Clifford (John Ritter) running away and joining a travelling animal show known as "Larry's Amazing Animals" with his best friends. Larry

title: Clifford's Puppy Days

text: Clifford's Puppy Days Clifford's Puppy Days is an American animated children's television series that originally aired on both PBS and PBS Kids from September 15, 2003 to February 23, 2006. A prequel to the original "Clifford the Big Red Dog", it features the adventures of Clifford during his puppy days before he became a big red dog and before moving to Birdwell Island. The series was cancelled in February 2006 following low ratings, with very few PBS stations re-running it afterwards. Since then, occasional reruns continue to air. In the UK the show aired on CBeebies from 2004 to early

title: Clifford the Big Red Dog (TV series)

text: Mike Young Productions. Brent Titcomb voiced Clifford in the videos, and Alyson Court voiced Emily Elizabeth. In 2004, Warner Bros. Pictures distributed a feature-length animated film based on the show titled "Clifford's Really Big Movie". It was about Clifford, Cleo and T-Bone joining an animal show to win a lifetime supply of dog food to provide for Clifford. This was John Ritter's last film as he died on September 11, 2003, after completing voice work for the film. The film was dedicated to his memory. The movie also stars Wayne Brady as Shackleford the Ferret, Judge Reinhold as Amazing Larry,

title: Clifford (character)

text: Clifford (character) Clifford is the main protagonist of the "Clifford the Big Red Dog" book series, written by Norman Bridwell, and originally published in 1963, and the television series of the same name, which is based upon it, and ran from 2000-2003. Clifford is a giant, friendly red dog who is owned by a young girl named Emily Elizabeth. The book of his debut, as narrated by his owner, detailed Clifford's versatility, great helpfulness, and his friendship with his friends, albeit as the books progressed they detailed his many experiences with Emily Elizabeth and adventures (such as gaining temporary celebrity

title: Clifford the Big Red Dog (TV series)

text: serves as the series finale due to Ritter's death, as no new episodes were made to continue from where it left off. However, "Clifford's Puppy Days" still continued to air until its cancellation in 2006. On May 16, 2018, Scholastic announced a reboot of the series and is scheduled for a late 2019 premiere concurrently on PBS Kids and Amazon Prime. Two 15-minute stories made up each half-hour episode. Usually one story featured Clifford and his canine friends, Cleo and T-Bone among them; the other story would focus on Clifford's owner Emily Elizabeth and her friends. During scenes focusing on

title: Clifford's Puppy Days

text: Makes Little Things Grow", was composed by Jared Faber and Emily Kapnek and performed by Freedom Bremner. Clifford's Puppy Days Clifford's Puppy Days is an American animated children's television series that originally aired on both PBS and PBS Kids from September 15, 2003 to February 23, 2006. A prequel to the original "Clifford the Big Red Dog", it features the adventures of Clifford during his puppy days before he became a big red dog and before moving to Birdwell Island. The series was cancelled in February 2006 following low ratings, with very few PBS stations re-running it afterwards. Since then,

title: Clifford's Puppy Days

text: 2011 and like the original series, the show was dubbed with British voice actors, replacing the original American soundtrack. Set two years before the events of "Clifford the Big Red Dog", the series focuses on when Clifford is a tiny red puppy, the runt of the litter in a litter of puppies given birth to by the pet dog of Emily Elizabeth's neighbor, Mr. Bradley (who appeared in an episode of the first cartoon series, "Little Clifford") and after he had been adopted by Emily Elizabeth and before he grew up into a giant red adult dog, forcing the Howards

title: Clifford the Big Red Dog (TV series)

text: the dog character's perspective, human speech would replace barking to engage viewers in the storyline from the dogs' point of view. This series was produced by Mike Young Productions and Scholastic Studios. The TV series takes place in the fictional island of Birdwell Island, where Clifford lives. The name is inspired by Norman Bridwell, the author of the books, but the letters I and R are switched. It is based on Martha's Vineyard, where Bridwell lived. Emily Elizabeth used to live in an apartment in New York City, but she moved away with her parents and Clifford to Birdwell Island

title: Clifford (character)

text: Clifford during his babyhood. Such characters include Jorge, a Spanish dachshund owned by Emily's friend Nina (played by Masiela Lusha), Daffodil, a pink pet rabbit owned by Clifford's family, Norville, a bird (voiced by Henry Winkler), among others. Clifford (character) Clifford is the main protagonist of the "Clifford the Big Red Dog" book series, written by Norman Bridwell, and originally published in 1963, and the television series of the same name, which is based upon it, and ran from 2000-2003. Clifford is a giant, friendly red dog who is owned by a young girl named Emily Elizabeth. The book of

title: Clifford the Big Red Dog (TV series)

text: Clifford the Big Red Dog is an American-British educational animated children's television series, based upon Norman Bridwell's children's book series of the same name. Produced by Scholastic Productions, it originally aired on PBS Kids from September 4, 2000 to February 25, 2003.  The UK version (where it was dubbed with British voice actors replacing the original American soundtrack) originally aired on BBC 2 on April 1, 2002.

title: Norman Bridwell

text: an editor offhandedly suggested he turn one of his drawings into a story. The drawing was of a young girl and a horse-sized bloodhound, and the story became "Clifford The Big Red Dog". That book spawned over 40 best-selling Clifford books, two television series, merchandise, a live musical and a live-action film that's in development. Bridwell's other successful books include "The Witch Next Door", and "A Tiny Family". There are over 126 million copies of his books in print in 13 languages. By 1962, Bridwell was married to his wife Norma Howard, and they had a daughter Emily Elizabeth, as

title: Norman Bridwell

text: Norman Bridwell Norman Ray Bridwell (February 15, 1928 – December 12, 2014) was an American author and cartoonist best known for the "Clifford the Big Red Dog" book series. Bridwell was born on February 15, 1928 in Kokomo, Indiana, to Leona and Vern Bridwell. He graduated from Kokomo High School in 1945, and went on to attend John Herron School of Art in Indianapolis, and Cooper Union, in New York City. Bridwell put together a portfolio and attempted to get a job as a children's book illustrator but was rejected by around fifteen publishing houses. While at Harper & Row,

title: Clifford the Big Red Dog

text: the film. According to the report, "Forte decided to take the material in a new direction," and "Universal let the option lapse." It was further announced that "Office Christmas Party" writer Justin Malen was hired to write the screenplay. On September 25, 2017, it was announced that Walt Becker will direct the film, replacing Bowers. The film will now be produced by Scholastic Entertainment and Paramount Animation. "Original series" "Modern series" "Media and Culture", 5th ed., Richard Campbell, Christopher R. Martin and Bettina Fabos. Clifford the Big Red Dog Clifford the Big Red Dog is an American children's book series

title: Clifford the Big Red Dog

text: and Benjamin Goldstein. These episodes include the following: "The ABC Message Service", "Clifford's Birthday Surprise", "The Scavenger Hunt", "The Rhyme Cat Rescue", "Clifford Goes to Hollywood", and "The Pet Show". Brent Titcomb voiced Clifford, and Emily Elizabeth was voiced by Alyson Court. Karl-Lorimar Home Video released the video "Clifford's Sing Along Adventure" around the same time. Warner Home Video re-released it in the mid-1990s. Scholastic Studios produced a 65-episode adaptation shown on PBS Kids, which aired from September 2000 to February 2003. Clifford was voiced by actor John Ritter, and Emily Elizabeth was voiced by Grey DeLisle. There was also

title: Clifford's Puppy Days

text: to move to Birdwell Island so Clifford would have plenty of room, the series shows Clifford and Emily Elizabeth's life and friends before they moved from the city to Birdwell Island and all of their adventures. The show followed the same format as its predecessor, "Clifford the Big Red Dog". Each half-hour episode was divided into 2 stories. Season 1 Season 2 After the show's cancellation in 2006, the show aired reruns on very few PBS stations. However, it airs occasionally on the new 24/7 PBS Kids Channel, which is carried on many PBS member stations. The opening theme, "Love

title: Clifford's Really Big Movie

text: in 2006. It is currently the only theatrical film based on a PBS Kids TV series, not counting the films based on "Sesame Street". A giant red Labrador Retriever named Clifford visits a carnival with his owner, Emily Elizabeth and her friends, Charley and Jetta, and Clifford's friends, Cleo and T-Bone. Clifford, Cleo, and T-Bone are amazed by an animal act known as Larry's Amazing Animals, consisting of Shackleford the Ferret, Dorothy the Cow, Dirk the Dachshund, and Rodrigo the Chihuahua. However, despite the animals best efforts, their show is failing due to their respective failed acts, but all remain

title: Clifford the Big Red Dog

text: project. Two months later, it was reported that the film was still in development at Universal Pictures and that David Bowers was in talks to direct the film. Like the 2011 film "Hop", the titular dog character will be animated while the other characters will be live-action. On August 1, 2014, Universal Pictures scheduled the film for a release on April 8, 2016. In the beginning of 2015, the film's release date was taken over by another Universal film, "The Boss". On June 30, 2016, it was reported by "Deadline Hollywood" that Paramount Pictures has picked up the rights for

title: PBS Kids Preschool Block

text: Big Red Dog", "Dragon Tales" and "It's a Big Big World". Each day, Miss Lori and Hooper would try to solve a problem, which was related to a daily curriculum. After "Clifford the Big Red Dog", there was a short dance as well as a song, performed by Rebecca Frezza and Big Truck, Milkshake, or Miss Lori herself. Dash's Game of the Day aired just before Dragon Tales. Dash showed viewers how to play a game on the PBS Kids website. This was the only season to have a themed plot throughout the two hours. Season 2 premiered on September

title: Gary LeRoi Gray

text: Gary LeRoi Gray Gary LeRoi Gray (born February 12, 1987) is an actor involved with movies, television, and animation. He is best known for his childhood role as Nelson Tibideaux, the son of Sondra Huxtable Tibideaux and Elvin Tibideaux on the NBC sitcom "The Cosby Show". He appeared on the series during its eighth and final season (1991–1992). He also is known for his role as Nelson Minkler in the Disney Channel sitcom "Even Stevens", the voice of A.J. in "The Fairly OddParents". Some of Gary's better known voice roles include Charley on "Clifford the Big Red Dog", A. J.

title: John Ritter

text: and an episode of "" (2002). John also provided the voice of the title character in the PBS animated children's show "Clifford the Big Red Dog", a role for which he received four Emmy nominations. His final film was "Stanley's Dinosaur Round-Up" (2006), an animated direct-to-DVD film based on the television series, which was released posthumously. At the time of his death he was starring in "8 Simple Rules for Dating My Teenage Daughter". Ritter played Claude Pichon in "The Dinner Party" (2000) at the Music Box Theatre on Broadway, which was written by Neil Simon. It ran for 364

title: John Ritter

text: "It" (1990), "Problem Child" (1990), "Problem Child 2" (1991), and "Bad Santa" in 2003 (his final live action film, which was dedicated to his memory). In 2002, Don Knotts called Ritter the "greatest physical comedian on the planet". His final roles include voicing the title character on the PBS children's program "Clifford the Big Red Dog" (2000–2003), for which he received four Daytime Emmy Award nominations, and as Paul Hennessy on the ABC sitcom "8 Simple Rules" (2002–2003). Ritter was born at the Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center in Burbank, California, on September 17, 1948. Ritter had a birth defect

title: Clellan Card

text: who knew him well that these events led Card to focus his broadcast talents toward children. "Axel and His Dog" went on the air the first time on August 5, 1954. Donald Stolz, founder of the Old Log Theater, played Towser, the dog, and soon added Tallulah the cat as well. Local singer and entertainer Mary Davies played Carmen the Nurse. In October 1954, the show was the first local program in the Twin Cities to be broadcast in color, using an experimental system. In January 1959, its rating was nearly three times that of the nearest competitor, "American Bandstand".

title: Clifford's Really Big Movie

text: it was released by Universal Pictures. Jody Gray composed the score for the film. The soundtrack was released by Warner Bros. Records. The film grossed $3.3 million. The film received mixed reviews. On review aggregation website, Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 53% based on 32 reviews, with an average rating of 5.7/10. On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to on reviews, the film has a score of 49 out of 100, based on 15 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Clifford's Really Big Movie Clifford's Really Big Movie is a 2004 American animated adventure film

title: Clifford's Really Big Movie

text: Gablegobble (Judge Reinhold), the presenter of the animal show, doesn't allow animals who have owners, so they pretend their dog tags are fake. The film takes place in the fictional island of "Birdwell Island", which is the name is inspired by Norman Bridwell, the author of the books. This was John Ritter's final theatrical film role as he died of aortic dissection on September 11, 2003. The film was dedicated to his memory, and it serves as the series finale, as no episodes aired after the film's release, though the show's spin-off "Clifford's Puppy Days" continued to air before concluding

title: Gary LeRoi Gray

text: Porter Ranch. Gary LeRoi Gray Gary LeRoi Gray (born February 12, 1987) is an actor involved with movies, television, and animation. He is best known for his childhood role as Nelson Tibideaux, the son of Sondra Huxtable Tibideaux and Elvin Tibideaux on the NBC sitcom "The Cosby Show". He appeared on the series during its eighth and final season (1991–1992). He also is known for his role as Nelson Minkler in the Disney Channel sitcom "Even Stevens", the voice of A.J. in "The Fairly OddParents". Some of Gary's better known voice roles include Charley on "Clifford the Big Red Dog",

title: Clifford the Big Red Dog (TV series)