question: how many kilometers of great wall of china

answers: 8,850 km

answers: 21,196 km

title: Great Wall of Qi

text: total length has been estimated at about 600 kilometers. Most of the wall is still able to be seen. Great Wall of Qi The Great Wall of Qi () is the oldest existing Great Wall in China. Construction of the wall started in 685 BC (during the Spring and Autumn period) by the state of Qi, to defend itself against an invasion by the Kingdom of Chu. The existing sections date back to 500 BC. Construction ended during the Warring States period. The wall stretches from the areas under the administration of the present-day city of Jinan to the present-day

title: Great Wall of China

text: such. The 493 "Book of Song" quotes the frontier general Tan Daoji referring to "the long wall of 10,000 miles", closer to the modern name, but the name rarely features in pre-modern times otherwise. The traditional Chinese mile (, "lǐ") was an often irregular distance that was intended to show the length of a standard village and varied with terrain but was usually standardized at distances around a third of an English mile (540 m). Since China's metrication in 1930, it has been exactly equivalent to , which would make the wall's name describe a distance of . However, this

title: Great Wall of China

text: Beyond Jiumenkou, an offshoot known as the Liaodong Wall continues through Liaoning province and terminates at the Hushan Great Wall, in the city of Dandong near the North Korean border. In 2009, 180 km of previously unknown sections of the wall concealed by hills, trenches and rivers were discovered with the help of infrared range finders and GPS devices. In March and April 2015 nine sections with a total length of more than , believed to be part of the Great Wall, were discovered along the border of Ningxia autonomous region and Gansu province. Before the use of bricks, the

title: History of the Great Wall of China

text: Bishop Juan González de Mendoza (15501620) reported a wall five hundred leagues long, but suggested that only one hundred leagues were man-made, with the rest natural rock formations. The Jesuit priest Matteo Ricci (15521610) mentioned the Great Wall once in his diary, noting the existence of "a tremendous wall four hundred and five miles long" that formed part of the northern defences of the Ming Empire. Europeans first witnessed the Great Wall in the early 1600s. Perhaps the first recorded instance of a European actually entering China via the Great Wall came in 1605, when the Portuguese Jesuit brother Bento

title: Great Wall of China

text: and is about the same color as the soil surrounding it. Based on the optics of resolving power (distance versus the width of the iris: a few millimeters for the human eye, meters for large telescopes) only an object of reasonable contrast to its surroundings which is or more in diameter (1 arc-minute) would be visible to the unaided eye from the Moon, whose average distance from Earth is . The apparent width of the Great Wall from the Moon is the same as that of a human hair viewed from away. To see the wall from the Moon would

title: Great Wall of China

text: with concrete. The work has been much criticized. One of the earliest known references to the myth that the Great Wall can be seen from the moon appears in a letter written in 1754 by the English antiquary William Stukeley. Stukeley wrote that, "This mighty wall of four score miles [130 km] in length is only exceeded by the Chinese Wall, which makes a considerable figure upon the terrestrial globe, and may be discerned at the Moon." The claim was also mentioned by Henry Norman in 1895 where he states "besides its age it enjoys the reputation of being the

title: Great Wall Marathon

text: Great Wall of China located in the mountainous area in Luanping County, 125 km northeast of Beijing. Considered as one of the most challenging adventure marathons due to the extreme course conditions. Containing more than 20,000 unrelenting stone steps, many vary in height from a few centimeters to over 40 cm in height, with many of the original sections little more than rubble, and no less than 30 km of running experience on one of the oldest and most recognizable structures in the world. A small portion of the Great Wall on the course has been restored, much of the

title: Gog and Magog

text: the border of China. Somewhat later the 14th-century traveller Ibn Battuta reported that the wall was sixty days' travel from the city of Zeitun, which is on the coast of China; the translator notes that Ibn Battuta has confused the Great Wall of China with that built by Dhul-Qarnayn. It has been narrated from Ibn Abbas that when he asked Ali about the "creatures", he responded by saying God has created "1,200 species on the land, 1,200 species in the sea, 70 species from the Children of Adam and the people are the Children of Adam except for the Yajooj

title: Cai Guo-Qiang

text: landscapes and building surfaces. Site-specific, the projects were implemented in various locations throughout the world. "Project to Extend the Great Wall of China by 10,000 Meters: Project for Extraterrestrials No. 10" (1993) was representative of the nature of the projects as a whole, as it involved an approximately six-mile-long gunpowder fuse that extended beyond the western end of the Great Wall at the edge of the Gobi Desert. The fuse burned for about 15 minutes after it was lit, creating a dragon-like pattern across the dunes that was indicative of China's imperial and mythological heritage. The title for the series

title: Great Wall of China

text: stone and bricks from the hills, this portion of the Great Wall is high and wide. One of the most striking sections of the Ming Great Wall is where it climbs extremely steep slopes in Jinshanling. There it runs long, ranges from in height, and across the bottom, narrowing up to across the top. Wangjinglou "Wàngjīng Lóu") is one of Jinshanling's 67 watchtowers, above sea level. Southeast of Jinshanling is the Mutianyu Great Wall which winds along lofty, cragged mountains from the southeast to the northwest for . It is connected with Juyongguan Pass to the west and Gubeikou to

title: History of the Great Wall of China

text: Qingshuiying (清水營) in northeastern Shaanxi, a total of more than 2000 "li" (about ) long. Along its length were 800 strong points, sentry posts, beacon-fire towers, and assorted defences. 40,000 men were enlisted for this effort, which was completed in several months at a cost of over one million silver taels. This defence system proved its initial worth in 1482, when a large group of Mongol raiders were trapped within the double lines of fortifications and suffered a defeat by the Ming generals. This was seen as a vindication of Yu Zijun's strategy of wall-building by the people of the

title: Great Wall of China

text: Wall has disappeared, while of wall have vanished. More than of the wall in Gansu province may disappear in the next 20 years, due to erosion from sandstorms. In some places, the height of the wall has been reduced from more than to less than . Various square lookout towers that characterize the most famous images of the wall have disappeared. Many western sections of the wall are constructed from mud, rather than brick and stone, and thus are more susceptible to erosion. In 2014 a portion of the wall near the border of Liaoning and Hebei province was repaired

title: History of the Great Wall of China

text: alone, 1.8 million men were mobilized to build the Juyong Pass and extend its wall by through Datong to the eastern banks of the Yellow River. In 557 a secondary wall was built inside the main one. These walls were built quickly from local earth and stones or formed by natural barriers. Two stretches of the stone-and-earth Qi wall still stand in Shanxi today, measuring wide at their bases and high on average. In 577 the Northern Zhou conquered the Northern Qi and in 580 made repairs to the existing Qi walls. The route of the Qi and Zhou walls

title: Great Wall Marathon

text: to prepare for the race. The Great Wall of China Marathon course varies in height by around 200m (about 650 feet) between the start line and the highest point at East Tower 20. Stone guard towers are spread along the length of the wall, each some 200m to 300m apart. Stone steps and walkways, following the up and down contours of the ground, connect the towers. The effect this creates for runners is similar to interval training, with an effort required to climb up, followed by a recovery period coming down. Regular training on steps as part of your preparations

title: Great Wall of China

title: Jean-Baptiste Régis

text: great Wall. On 16 October they estimated its extent to be 21° long., or almost half the widest breadth of the United States from east to west and had determined the positions of the fortified towns "by which it was flanked", according to Fr. Régis. At the end of two months, Bouvet, being ill, retired to Peking. Régis and Jartoux reached the western edge of the Great Wall at Jiayuguan and completed their work by the mensuration of an interior lateral wall which had brought them to Xining, on the frontier of Tibet, near Lake Kukunor. They returned to Beijing

title: Meng Tian

text: the north and started expanding both east and west. Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of the Qin dynasty, sent a 100,000-strong army headed by Meng Tian to drive the Xiongnu northward for 1,000 "li" (about 416 km) and began work on what has become known as the Great Wall to guard against invasion. The defensive works he began were said to extend over 10,000 "li" (4,158 km) "from Lintao to Liaodong and even extended across the Yellow River and through Yangshan and Beijia.", that is, from the southwest corner of the Ordos Loop to the Yellow Sea. Yangshan and

title: Mu Us Sandyland

text: name—for example, a map in Julia Lovell's book "The Great Wall: China Against the World 1000 BC–2000 AD" shows the Ordos Desert only in the portion of Inner Mongolia, which lies south of the Yellow River. Several research papers cited below claim that the Mu Us Sandy Land includes part of Shaanxi and Gansu. A clear delineation of the area is still needed here, based on multiple sources. The Mu Us Sandy Land of north central China lies at 37°30'–39°20'N,107°20'–111°30'E and covers 40,000 km. As part of the Ordos Plateau, the elevation ranges from 1,000m to 1,300m (as low as

title: Great Wall of China

text: Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe with an eye to expansion. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built in 220–206

title: Great Wall of Qi

text: Great Wall of Qi The Great Wall of Qi () is the oldest existing Great Wall in China. Construction of the wall started in 685 BC (during the Spring and Autumn period) by the state of Qi, to defend itself against an invasion by the Kingdom of Chu. The existing sections date back to 500 BC. Construction ended during the Warring States period. The wall stretches from the areas under the administration of the present-day city of Jinan to the present-day city of Qingdao across the territories of the present-day cities of Tai'an, Zibo, Laiwu, Weifang, Linyi, and Rizhao. Its

title: Yanshan University

text: one million square meters. At present, the university has a faculty and staff of 3000, including 2,000 teachers, of which 413 are professors (including 200 doctoral advisors) and 630 are associate professors. The university has a student population of 39,000. Qinhuangdao City, site of YSU's campus, is a coastal resort city 260 km northeast of Beijing. As one of the Class A tourist destinations in China, Qinhuangdao attracts visitors from China and abroad with the beginning of the Great Wall (or Lao Longtou), the First Pass Under Heaven (the Shanhai Guan) on the Great Wall, the summer resort Beidaihe Beach,

title: Great Wall of China

text: use of "ten-thousand" ("wàn") is figurative in a similar manner to the Greek and English "myriad" and simply means "innumerable" or "immeasurable". Because of the wall's association with the First Emperor's supposed tyranny, the Chinese dynasties after Qin usually avoided referring to their own additions to the wall by the name "Long Wall". Instead, various terms were used in medieval records, including "frontier(s)" (, "sāi"), "rampart(s)" (, "yuán"), "barrier(s)" (, "zhàng"), "the outer fortresses" "wàibǎo"), and "the border wall(s)" "biānqiáng"). Poetic and informal names for the wall included "the Purple Frontier" "Zǐsāi") and "the Earth Dragon" "Tǔlóng"). Only during the

title: Ming Great Wall

text: Ming Great Wall The Ming Great Wall (明長城; "Ming changcheng"), built by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), forms the most visible parts of the Great Wall of China today. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure from Jiayu Pass in the west to the sea in Shanhai Pass, then looping over to terminate in Manchuria at the Hushan Great Wall. This is made up of sections of actual wall, of trenches and of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers. While the Ming walls are generally referred to as "Great Wall" ("changcheng") in

title: Great Wall of China

text: means of smoke or fire, and the fact that the path of the Great Wall also served as a transportation corridor. The frontier walls built by different dynasties have multiple courses. Collectively, they stretch from Dandong in the east to Lop Lake in the west, from present-day Sino-Russian border in the north to Qinghai in the south; along an arc that roughly delineates the edge of Mongolian steppe. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the walls built by the Ming dynasty measure . This is made up of sections of actual wall, of trenches and of

title: Great Wall of China

text: require spatial resolution 17,000 times better than normal (20/20) vision. Unsurprisingly, no lunar astronaut has ever claimed to have seen the Great Wall from the Moon. A more controversial question is whether the Wall is visible from low Earth orbit (an altitude of as little as ). NASA claims that it is barely visible, and only under nearly perfect conditions; it is no more conspicuous than many other man-made objects. Other authors have argued that due to limitations of the optics of the eye and the spacing of photoreceptors on the retina, it is impossible to see the wall with

title: Great Wall of China

text: the western edge of the Yellow River loop at Yinchuan. Here the first major walls erected during the Ming dynasty cuts through the Ordos Desert to the eastern edge of the Yellow River loop. There at Piantou Pass "Piāntóuguān") in Xinzhou, Shanxi province, the Great Wall splits in two with the "Outer Great Wall" "Wài Chǎngchéng") extending along the Inner Mongolia border with Shanxi into Hebei province, and the "inner Great Wall" "Nèi Chǎngchéng") running southeast from Piantou Pass for some , passing through important passes like the Pingxing Pass and Yanmen Pass before joining the Outer Great Wall at

title: Great Wall of China

text: of what constitutes a "Great Wall" has not been agreed upon, making the full course of the Great Wall difficult to describe in its entirety, the course of the main Great Wall line following Ming constructions can be charted. The Jiayu Pass, located in Gansu province, is the western terminus of the Ming Great Wall. Although Han fortifications such as Yumen Pass and the Yang Pass exist further west, the extant walls leading to those passes are difficult to trace. From Jiayu Pass the wall travels discontinuously down the Hexi Corridor and into the deserts of Ningxia, where it enters

title: Nine-Dash Line

text: Chinese land reclamation known as the "great wall of sand". An early map showing a U-shaped eleven-dash line was published in the then Republic of China on 1 December 1947. Two of the dashes in the Gulf of Tonkin were later removed at the behest of Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai, reducing the total to nine. Subsequent editions added a dash to the other end of the line, extending it into the East China Sea. Despite having made the vague claim public in 1947, China has not () filed a formal and specifically defined claim to the area within the dashes.

title: Great Wall of China

text: the optics much better, rendering photographic evidence irrelevant to the issue of whether it is visible to the naked eye. Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe with an eye to expansion. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and

title: History of the Great Wall of China

text: and Shaanxi with 400,000 archers. Between 585 and 588 Emperor Wen sought to close this gap by putting walls up in the Ordos Mountains (between Suide and Lingwu) and Inner Mongolia. In 586 as many as 150,000 men are recorded as involved in the construction. Emperor Wen's son Emperor Yang (r.604618) continued to build walls. In 607608 he sent over a million men to build a wall from Yulin to near Huhhot to protect the newly refurbished eastern capital Luoyang. Part of the Sui wall survives to this day in Inner Mongolia as earthen ramparts some high with towers rising

title: Great Wall of China

long_answer: The Great Wall stretches from Dandong in the east to Lop Lake in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km (5,500 mi). This is made up of 6,259 km (3,889 mi) sections of actual wall, 359 km (223 mi) of trenches and 2,232 km (1,387 mi) of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers. Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measures out to be 21,196 km (13,171 mi). Today, the Great Wall is generally recognized as one of the most impressive architectural feats in history.


question: what is the name of the restaurant in seinfeld

answers: Monk’s

answers: Monk's Café

title: The Cafe (Seinfeld)

text: The Cafe (Seinfeld) "The Cafe" is the 24th episode of "Seinfeld". The episode was the seventh episode of the show's third season. It aired on November 6, 1991. Jerry becomes fascinated with a failing local eclectic restaurant called "The Dream Café" and befriends its Pakistani owner Babu Bhatt (Brian George). Trying to turn the restaurant into a success, Jerry convinces Babu to change the decor and menu into a Pakistani restaurant. However, the restaurant does no better. He angrily blames Jerry for the failure. George's girlfriend Monica asks him to take an IQ test for her education course. Worried about

title: The Chinese Restaurant

text: The Chinese Restaurant "The Chinese Restaurant" is the 11th episode of the sitcom "Seinfeld"s second season on NBC, and is the show's 16th episode overall. The episode revolves around protagonist Jerry (Jerry Seinfeld) and his friends Elaine Benes (Julia Louis-Dreyfus) and George Costanza (Jason Alexander) waiting for a table at a Chinese restaurant, on their way to see "Plan 9 from Outer Space". George tries to use the phone that is constantly occupied and Jerry recognizes a woman, but he is unsure where he has seen her before. Co-written by the series' creators Seinfeld and head writer Larry David, the

title: The Chinese Restaurant

text: "it's a deftly-plotted, extremely funny example of the 'show about nothing' label that "Seinfeld" assigned itself". The Chinese Restaurant "The Chinese Restaurant" is the 11th episode of the sitcom "Seinfeld"s second season on NBC, and is the show's 16th episode overall. The episode revolves around protagonist Jerry (Jerry Seinfeld) and his friends Elaine Benes (Julia Louis-Dreyfus) and George Costanza (Jason Alexander) waiting for a table at a Chinese restaurant, on their way to see "Plan 9 from Outer Space". George tries to use the phone that is constantly occupied and Jerry recognizes a woman, but he is unsure where he

title: The Cafe (Seinfeld)

text: others give him a look of disdain. The Cafe (Seinfeld) "The Cafe" is the 24th episode of "Seinfeld". The episode was the seventh episode of the show's third season. It aired on November 6, 1991. Jerry becomes fascinated with a failing local eclectic restaurant called "The Dream Café" and befriends its Pakistani owner Babu Bhatt (Brian George). Trying to turn the restaurant into a success, Jerry convinces Babu to change the decor and menu into a Pakistani restaurant. However, the restaurant does no better. He angrily blames Jerry for the failure. George's girlfriend Monica asks him to take an IQ

title: The Cafe (Seinfeld)

text: his mother's ex-boyfriend for stealing his jacket, thereby trapping Elaine as well. By the time Elaine gets to Monica's house to give George the test, the test time is up and their plan is discovered. Elaine is later happy to learn the new score was an impressive 151. The group notice that the Dream Café has been forced to close and they wonder where to go for dinner. They each argue in favor of a different type of cuisine. When Jerry says "You know what would be great?" implying it would be great to have an eclectic restaurant nearby, the

title: Tom's Diner

text: Café in the popular 1990s television sitcom "Seinfeld". The song begins with the narrator stopping at a diner for a cup of coffee. The song notes the newspaper as well as two women, one who enters the diner and one who stands outside in the rain. The ringing of bells at a nearby cathedral causes the narrator to reminisce on an unnamed companion and a previous. At the end of the song, the narrator leaves the diner to catch the train after the coffee is finished. Vega wrote the song based on a comment by her friend Brian Rose, a

title: Seinfeld

text: scene, after they leave jail. He mentioned that he was too busy to do it at the time, but didn't announce what the scene would entail, as its production isn't a certainty. In commentary from the final season DVD, Seinfeld outlines that he and Jason Alexander spoke about this scene being in Monk's Cafe, with George saying "That was brutal" in reference to the foursome's stint in prison. On an episode of "Saturday Night Live" that Jerry Seinfeld hosted on October 2, 1999, a sketch was produced that showed what life was like for Jerry behind bars after being transferred

title: The Chinese Restaurant

text: use at the time were tuned to it. "Seinfeld" was the eighteenth most-watched show of the week, and the sixth most-watched show on NBC. NBC executives held a meeting after the broadcast to determine the fate of the show, and decided it would receive a third season order if the writers would put more effort into episode storylines. "The Chinese Restaurant" received very positive responses from critics and is considered one of "Seinfeld"s first "classic episodes". Kit Boss, a critic for the "Ocala Star-Banner", wrote that the episode was "like real life, but with better dialogue". Various critics and news

title: Seinfeld (season 1)

text: The season was directed by Art Wolff and Tom Cherones. The show features Jerry Seinfeld as himself, Jason Alexander as George Costanza, Julia Louis-Dreyfus as Elaine Benes, and Michael Richards as Kramer. In the pilot, Lee Garlington appears as Claire, the waitress at Pete's Luncheonette, but after the pilot the "gang" started eating at Monk's Cafe. Garlington was set to appear as one of the main supporting characters. Her role was dropped when it was decided that there was no need for a regular female waitress. Jerry refers to Kramer as Kessler; however, his name was changed to Kramer for

title: Jessica Seinfeld

text: The Seinfelds have three children. Daughter Sascha was born on November 7, 2000, in New York City, son Julian Kal on March 1, 2003, in New York City, and Shepherd Kellen was born on August 22, 2005, at NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital. Seinfeld's first book "Deceptively Delicious" was published by HarperCollins on January 7, 2008, and contained a series of recipes to hide pureed fruits and vegetables inside children's meals. Following her book's release, another cookbook author, Missy Chase Lapine, sued both Seinfelds, accusing Jessica of copyright and trademark infringement. Lapine had unsuccessfully shopped her own manuscript, "The Sneaky Chef", to several

title: Seinfeld

text: Seinfeld Seinfeld is an American television sitcom that ran for nine seasons on NBC, from 1989 to 1998. It was created by Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld, with the latter starring as a fictionalized version of himself. Set predominantly in an apartment building in Manhattan's Upper West Side in New York City, the show features a handful of Jerry's friends and acquaintances, including best friend George Costanza (Jason Alexander), friend and former girlfriend Elaine Benes (Julia Louis-Dreyfus), and neighbor across the hall Cosmo Kramer (Michael Richards). It is often described as being "a show about nothing", as many of its

title: Monk's Café

text: season 4. In the season 4 finale, "The Pilot", Elaine is incensed that Monk's "new management" is hiring nothing but big-breasted waitresses. The new owner is identified as Mr. Visaki (played by Al Ruscio) and the well-endowed employees turn out to be his daughters. However, in the season 5 episode, "The Wife", Larry has returned as the owner/manager and appears in that role throughout the remainder of the show's run. Monk's cashier's name is Ruth Cohen, sharing her name with the actress that portrays her. "Ruthie" appears in 101 of the 180 "Seinfeld" episodes, the most of any character other

title: The Seinfeld Chronicles

text: the road and giving "Thank you waves", but was cut before broadcasting. The music used in the episode was composed by Jep Epstein; however, when the show was picked up, Epstein's tune was replaced by the trademark slap bass music by Jonathan Wolff. "The Seinfeld Chronicles" featured four characters that were intended to be series regulars if the show was to be picked-up for a first season: Jerry, George, Kramer and Claire the waitress. Though it was already settled that Seinfeld would play a fictionalized version of himself, auditions were held for the other three characters. Though George was based

title: The Millennium (Seinfeld)

text: ethnic-themed clothes store called Putumayo out of business after receiving bad customer service. First, she tries shopping at a competing store, Cinco de Mayo, but discovers that the same woman from Putumayo owns both stores. Later, she tries to get Kramer, under an alter ego named H. E. Pennypacker, to change the price tags on the labels, but he accidentally destroys the pricing gun before he can finish. Instead, he tries to take the desiccant packs from the clothes as Plan B, so he only manages to ruin the clothing in about 5 years, making Elaine more distressed and presumably

title: Monk's Café

text: Monk's Café is a fictional coffee shop from the NBC sitcom Seinfeld.

title: The Chinese Restaurant

text: the group's storyline to be on their way to a one-night screening of "Plan 9 from Outer Space", and thus introducing a "ticking clock" scenario to the story. When the NBC executives still objected, David threatened to quit the show if the network would force any major changes upon the script. Seinfeld supported David and NBC eventually allowed them to produce "The Chinese Restaurant" without any significant alterations, although they strongly advised them not go through with it, and postponed the broadcast until near the end of the season. In 2015, "Seinfeld" writer Spike Feresten revealed that the host's calling

title: The Chinese Restaurant

text: events that shaped TV – and our lives" between 1900 and 1999. "The Charlotte Observer" has called "The Chinese Restaurant" the best "Seinfeld" episode, referring to it "the very epitome of the classic "Seinfeld" format". Critics also praised Louis-Dreyfus' and Alexander's performances; "The Age" critic Kenneth Nguyen stated that they "characteristically, rock[ed] their line readings". Michael Flaherty and Mary Kaye Schilling of "Entertainment Weekly", who graded the episode with an A−, commented, "George is at his pressure-cooker best, but it's Elaine—famished and in high dudgeon—who is the centerpiece." David Sims of The A.V. Club gave the episode an A+, saying

title: The Virgin (Seinfeld)

text: Jackie Swanson and Dedee Pfeiffer were additional actresses who auditioned for the role. In the episode, Jerry pitches the idea of an episode where all the main characters are doing is waiting for a table in a Chinese restaurant. This is an inside joke, pertaining to when Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David proposed season two's "The Chinese Restaurant". This left the real-life executives of NBC indifferent, as was the case when the idea was proposed in this episode. Bob Balaban (who plays Russell Dalrymple) was supposed to appear in this scene, but the role was written out due to a

title: The Chicken Roaster

text: this episode. Seinfeld Law, a blog written by law students which discusses the legality of the issues that arise in each episode, discusses whether or not Kramer can get a court to grant an injunction to shut down the sign or if he has grounds to sue for a monetary judgment. The Chicken Roaster "The Chicken Roaster" is the 142nd episode of the sitcom "Seinfeld". This was the eighth episode for the eighth season. It aired on November 14, 1996. A Kenny Rogers Roasters chicken restaurant opens across the street from Jerry's apartment building, complete with a gigantic red neon

title: The Strike (Seinfeld)

text: his father invented. Kramer gets a call that a 12-year strike at his former job at H&H Bagels ended, so he decides to return to work. Meanwhile, Elaine realizes that she lost her card for a free submarine sandwich after giving it to "Denim Vest" with the fake phone number written on it. Determined to get her free sandwich, she goes to the off-track betting parlor, whose phone number is the fake number she gave to "Denim Vest", hoping he will call the betting parlor and she can get her sandwich card back. The two men at the betting parlor

title: The Seinfeld Chronicles

text: 1989, at Stage 9 of Ren-Mar Studios, the same studio where "The Dick Van Dyke Show" was filmed, which was seen by the crew as a good omen. The exterior of Pete's Luncheonette, the restaurant in which the episode opens, was a leftover set piece from "The Muppets Take Manhattan" (1984). Seinfeld's stand-up routine was recorded at Ren-Mar Studios in Hollywood, in front of an audience of paid extras, though not all of the recorded material was included in the broadcast version. Additionally, a scene was recorded featuring Jerry and George driving to the airport talking about changing lanes on

title: The Chinese Restaurant

text: Tatiana's call, George decides he's no longer in the mood for the movie,Elaine wants to leave and get a hamburger, and Jerry decides that he might as well have dinner with his uncle. As soon as they leave, the maître d' calls their party. "The Chinese Restaurant" was written by series co-creators Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld and directed by Tom Cherones, who directed all of season two's episodes. David came up with the idea of the real-time episode while he and Seinfeld were waiting for a table at a Chinese restaurant in Los Angeles. When David presented the episode

title: Plan 9 from Outer Space

text: The Off World production was also performed at the 2017 Edinburgh Fringe Festival. In the "Seinfeld" episode titled "The Chinese Restaurant", the whole story line of the episode involves trying to get a table at a Chinese restaurant before going to the movies to see "Plan 9 from Outer Space", which is playing for one night only. Jerry emphasizes the significance of "Plan 9", saying, "Just a movie? You don't understand. This isn't plans 1 through 8 from outer space. This is Plan 9! This is the one that worked, the worst movie ever made"! One level from the 2005

title: The Chinese Restaurant

text: he pulled his hamstring while trying to untuck the covers of a hotel bed during his recent stay in Boston. George can be seen grabbing his hamstring as he walks to the phone. The scene was later included on the "Seinfeld" seasons one and two DVD boxset. At one point in the episode, Jerry mentions having a sister; however, she is never mentioned again in the series. "The Chinese Restaurant" was the first episode that did not feature regular character Kramer (Michael Richards), Jerry's neighbor. David explained that the reason for Kramer's absence was because—during "Seinfeld"s early seasons—the character never

title: The Chicken Roaster

text: The Chicken Roaster "The Chicken Roaster" is the 142nd episode of the sitcom "Seinfeld". This was the eighth episode for the eighth season. It aired on November 14, 1996. A Kenny Rogers Roasters chicken restaurant opens across the street from Jerry's apartment building, complete with a gigantic red neon chicken atop the roof. The light from the Kenny Rogers Roasters sign beams right into Kramer's apartment. The bright red chicken light takes its toll on Kramer's sleeping schedule, so he proposes that he and Jerry swap apartments. Kramer hangs a banner ("Bad Chicken") from his window protesting the restaurant in

title: Male Unbonding

text: but said that she performed well in the episode. Similarly, other early versions of the script refer to the character of Kramer as "Breckman". Kevin Dunn, who plays Joel in the episode, auditioned for the role of George Costanza in the original pilot. The episode also stars Anita Wise, who plays a waitress. Wise appeared again in another episode from the first season of "Seinfeld" titled "The Robbery". Frank Piazza, a customer at the bank appears in the season 2 episode "The Stranded". This episode features different title music from the pilot; this music, composed by Jonathan Wolff, is used

title: The Soup (Seinfeld)

text: George and Jerry at the coffee shop; this time he orders a soup and sandwich, Jerry believes his obligation is fulfilled, but Bania disagrees as they didn't eat in a fancy restaurant like Mendy's. In order to get rid of Bania, Jerry offers the Armani suit to Simon, who willingly accepts it. George is still uncomfortable at Monk's and badgers Jerry and Elaine to go to Reggie's, where Hildy works. However, Reggie's doesn't offer the meals they have grown accustomed to at Monk's: e.g. Jerry's egg-white omelette and Elaine's Big Salad. When they try to place them as special orders,

title: Seinfeld

text: Vodafone which ran in Australia where he dressed and acted exactly like Kramer, including the trademark bumbling pratfalls. In addition, the show occasionally incorporated fictional products like a Scotch brand called "Hennigan's" (a portmanteau of "Hennessy" and "Brannigans") and a canned meat product called "Beef-a-reeno" (a parody of "Beef-a-roni"). Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released all nine seasons of "Seinfeld" on DVD in Regions 1, 2 and 4 between 2004 and 2007. On November 6, 2007, "Seinfeld: The Complete Series" was released on DVD. The complete series box set includes a 2007 "roundtable" reunion of the four main cast members and

title: Monk's Café

text: than the four leads. In most appearances, she appears as a non-speaking background character. Jerry refers to a competing coffee shop, Reggie's, as "the bizarro coffee shop." According to George, it has practically the same menu but is disliked by Jerry and Elaine (in "The Soup") for its failure to serve an "egg white omelette" or the famed "big salad." In "The Pool Guy" George eats at Reggie's because there is no room for him at the table in Monk's, with Susan taking up the fourth spot. Jerry Seinfeld and writer Larry David, who created "Seinfeld", called the coffee shop

title: Ray's Pizza

text: franchise chain. there were at least 49 restaurants by some variant of that name in the New York City telephone directory, including one named Not Ray's Pizza. The confusion was the basis of a joke on the "Seinfeld" episode "The Maid" when Jerry asks whether Kramer is calling from Ray's Pizza, Famous Ray's, or Famous Original Ray's. In the 2003 film "Elf", Santa Claus tells Buddy the Elf, "Second, there are, like, 30 Ray's Pizzas. They all claim to be the original, but the real one's on 11th." The first Ray's Pizza closed its doors on Sunday, October 30, 2011,

title: Monk's Café


question: when did the log flume closed at alton towers

answers: 10 October 2015

answers: 2015

title: The Flume (Alton Towers)

text: lift hill, then swiftly dropping riders 85ft where riders were usually soaked with water. The boats then travelled through two shower sprinklers before returning to the station. In 1980, Alton Towers opened the ride Corkscrew along with a few other amusement attractions. Alton Towers gained popularity so for the 1981 season they decided to open a log flume. Construction started in late 1980 to open the ride for the 1981 season. the park's first major scale engineering project including purpose built reservoir sunk into a former field. The 5.5-acre site was bordered on two sides by the Park Railway. initially

title: The Flume (Alton Towers)

text: park posted a photo through their Towers Loving Care Twitter page of a sign on the perimeter of the former area of the attraction that reads "SW8. Ground breaking new ride development", marking the construction site for the resort's next large investment SW8. After the ride's closure and during the construction of SW8, the resort held charity auctions with lots containing a variety of items from The Flume. This included various queue line and warning signage, as well as the ride boats. The Flume (Alton Towers) The Flume was a Log Flume at Alton Towers in Staffordshire. It opened in

title: The Flume (Alton Towers)

text: access to the new ride was via a railway bridge over the tracks, by 1982 the Railway had been shortened to allow easier access for the popular new ride. In 1981 the 'White Water Flume' opened to the public as the world's longest log flume with its 2600-foot waterway themed around the Canadian Falls; by 1983 the ride had acquired its traditional and more popular name of 'The Log Flume' and for the next 23 years operated as such. Between 1984 and 1995 it also featured props from 'Dinosaur Land' which had been closed the previous season to make way

title: The Flume (Alton Towers)

text: for The Black Hole, including a prehistoric family inside the tunnel section of the flume. In 2004 the ride was re-themed to 'The Flume' with a bath theme, as sponsored by a soap manufacturer; new 'bath' boats replacing the logs, new lining, maintenance, a refurbished station, a yellow duck, shower and other bath-time theming. In 2008, the area in which the ride operated was re-themed to Mutiny Bay, however the ride retained its bath time theme. Weeks before the beginning of the 2016 season, Alton Towers announced that the ride was to be closed permanently. On March 16, 2016, the

title: The Flume (Alton Towers)

text: of five. The boarding took place in a moving, circular station. Once the boat dispatched from the station, it took several turns through woodland and then travelled up to the first lift hill. The boat was then dropped down a small drop to gain some height, turning around the woodland until it came to the second lift hill, which was enclosed in a darkened hut, followed by a 'blind' drop. Following the Imperial Leather sponsorship, a shower sprinkler and riders were met with a giant rubber duck statue. The ride then traveled through more woodland before embarking up a 86ft

title: Log flume (ride)

text: "El Aserradero" at Six Flags Over Texas in Arlington, Texas, which opened in 1963 and is still in operation. The Mill Race, Arrow Log Flume number two, opened just a few weeks later at Cedar Point. Log flumes proved to be extremely popular and quickly became staples at amusement and theme parks throughout the world. The ride was so popular that some parks started adding second flume rides to help reduce the long lines. Cedar Point added Shoot the Rapids in 1967, and Six Flags Over Texas and Six Flags Over Georgia both added second flumes in 1968. When Six

title: Le Scoot Log Flume

text: Le Scoot Log Flume Le Scoot is a log flume ride at Busch Gardens Williamsburg located in the New France area. It is themed after mountains and a saw mill. Once seated in the "logs", riders are taken up a conveyor belt lift hill. Part of the hill loops underneath of another part of the ride. At the top, the log takes a small drop and takes a sharp turn, intertwining with InvadR's lift hill. When passing by treetops, the chute the ride is in expands (although rails keep the log on-track) to give the illusion the log is in

title: Log flume (ride)

text: course, the boatful of riders floats through a small section of channel upon leaving the station, then engages a lift hill that takes them on a winding course in the water-filled trough. A second lifthill then culminates with an exciting drop and a splashdown finale. The amount of splash can be controlled by using rubber belting of differing widths and differing heights. To increase the chance of being soaked, the flume can be designed to be turbulent, or to run underneath waterfalls. Water cannons (typically coin-operated, like The Flume at Alton Towers, by passersby) aimed along the path are sometimes

title: El Aserradero

text: in October. El Aserradero El Aserradero (meaning The Sawmill) is a log flume located in the "Spain" section at Six Flags Over Texas in Arlington, Texas, since 1963. 'El Aserradero' was the first ever log flume attraction in the world and the fourth oldest ride currently operating at the park, built by Arrow Development, which later became Arrow Dynamics. The log flume replaced the 'Burro Ride', which operated from 1961 to 1962. From 1963 to 1968, El Aserradero only operated one flume. Then in 1968, due to the ride's popularity, Six Flags added a second flume to next to the

title: Le Scoot Log Flume

text: water. A last, small hill drains excess water from the ride's chute and takes the logs on a sharp turn extremely close to Alpengeist's zero g roll. A pendulum is used on high-business days to separate logs into to different waiting lines, and brings riders back to the boarding cabin. Le Scoot Log Flume Le Scoot is a log flume ride at Busch Gardens Williamsburg located in the New France area. It is themed after mountains and a saw mill. Once seated in the "logs", riders are taken up a conveyor belt lift hill. Part of the hill loops underneath

title: Log Chute

text: Log Chute Log Chute, formerly known as Paul Bunyan's Log Chute sometimes Fog Chute for Halloween or Yule Log Chute for Christmas, is a log flume attraction sponsored by Xcel Energy (formerly sponsored by Brawny) at Mall of America's Nickelodeon Universe in Bloomington, Minnesota. It opened on August 11, 1992 and is one of the mall's oldest surviving acquisitions from Knott's Camp Snoopy. The ride is based on the tall tale of Paul Bunyan and is set in a mountain lumber mill featuring two lift hills and two drops as passengers experience singing animatronics, including Paul Bunyan (modeled after the

title: Alton Towers

text: area was a retheme for Merrie England. Attractions in Mutiny Bay include: "Battle Galleons", an interactive "Splash Battle" boat ride, where guests sit in tracked boats while soaking other riders with water cannons. Also in the area is the rocking boat ride, "Heave Ho". The park's original teacups ride was re-themed to become "Marauders Mayhem", with the tea cup cars being redesigned as gunpowder barrels. " The Flume" was a Mack log flume ride that opened in 1981 and was rethemed in 2004 with a sponsorship from Imperial leather alongside the bubbleworks at Chessington world of adventure. Upon opening, it

title: El Aserradero

text: El Aserradero El Aserradero (meaning The Sawmill) is a log flume located in the "Spain" section at Six Flags Over Texas in Arlington, Texas, since 1963. 'El Aserradero' was the first ever log flume attraction in the world and the fourth oldest ride currently operating at the park, built by Arrow Development, which later became Arrow Dynamics. The log flume replaced the 'Burro Ride', which operated from 1961 to 1962. From 1963 to 1968, El Aserradero only operated one flume. Then in 1968, due to the ride's popularity, Six Flags added a second flume to next to the original doubling

title: Frontierland, Morecambe

text: allowed theme park fans to believe that both the "Polo Tower" and "Log Flume" would re-open as part of the development, and speculation was fuelled even further when scaffolding appeared around the "Polo Tower" mid-2008 but the ride's cabin was removed and the tower was partially refurbished. In 2009, the "Log Flume" ride, which had survived ten years after the park officially closed down, was removed from the site leaving the "Polo Tower" as the final element from the former theme park. (Finally removed 17 years after park closure in June 2017) For a few years after closure, there was

title: The Flume (Alton Towers)

text: The Flume was a Log Flume at Alton Towers in Staffordshire. It opened in 1981 and was rethemed in 2004 coinciding with its sponsorship by Imperial Leather. The ride was a bath time themed log flume with three drops. It was the longest log flume attraction in the world at the time of opening. The attraction closed in 2015 and was removed a year later for the area's redevelopment into the SW8 rollercoaster.

title: Log flume (ride)

text: Chute at Mall of America's indoor park Nickelodeon Universe contains sections within a large rocky structure and some out in the open. Disney's Splash Mountain consists of a single trough running in a continuous circuit through the middle of a show building with Audio-Animatronic scenes playing on the left and right of the main flume, with only the largest drops and a few turns positioned placed outside the show building. Log flume (ride) Log flumes (colloquially known as log rides) are amusement rides consisting of a water flume and artificial hollow logs or boats. Passengers sit in the logs, which

title: Log flume (ride)

text: more exciting and wet ride. Most log flume rides have a height restriction. Log flumes are a variant of the chute rides and old mill rides that were popular in the United States in the early 20th century. Shoot the Chute rides continue to be built today. Both of these types of rides took rather simple approaches to handling water flow. It was not until Karl Bacon of Arrow Development got involved and studied hydrodynamics that the use of water flow in an amusement ride was fully exploited. The first modern day log flume amusement ride constructed by Arrow was

title: Log flume (ride)

text: installed alongside the flume. Additionally, the exit path from the ride may cross over or go near to the flume, such that departing riders are drenched by the boat currently en route. One of the first elaborately-themed flumes was Timber Mountain Log Ride at Knott's Berry Farm. Originally built as a concession run by Hurlbut Amusement Company, most of the ride is inside a man-made mountain. Bud Hurlbut and his right-hand man Harry Suker were responsible for the theme of the ride. Upon his retirement, Hurlbut sold the ride to Knott's Berry Farm where it is still in operation. Log

title: Log flume (ride)

text: Flags Over Mid America opened in 1971, it featured twin flumes. In the 1960s and early 1970s Arrow had a monopoly on the log flume business, producing over 50 flumes by 1979. In 1976, the French company Reverchon Industries started building flumes and In 1979 Hopkins Rides entered the flume building business. Other manufacturers eventually followed with Intamin building its first log flume in 1986 and Mack Rides in 1987. Log flumes are generally out in the open, though some may contain enclosed or tunneled sections. The flume is usually made of fiberglass, concrete or galvanized steel. In a typical

title: Corkscrew (Alton Towers)

text: Alton Towers, and the park would often be forced to close early as it found itself swamped with visitors long before the evening ever came. In 1979, John Broome, director of Alton Towers, wanted to make the Towers and Gardens into a new style of leisure attraction. On 4 April 1980 Corkscrew opened to a crowd of 30,000. It became the main attraction of the park, and led to attendance numbers doubling from 500,000 in 1979 to over 1,000,000 in 1980. It was a Vekoma MK1200 Corkscrew with Bayern curve. The track was yellow, the supports were black, the cars

title: Log flume (ride)

text: Log flume (ride) Log flumes (colloquially known as log rides) are amusement rides consisting of a water flume and artificial hollow logs or boats. Passengers sit in the logs, which are propelled along the flume by the flow of water. The ride usually culminates with a rapid descent and splashdown into a body of water, which may happen more than once (normally the largest drop being just before the end). It provides people with an entertaining way to get wet and cool off on a hot summer day, with certain seating sections usually being splashed with more water for a

title: Log Jammer (Six Flags Magic Mountain)

text: went down its largest drop into a small lake, before returning to the station. Log Jammer (Six Flags Magic Mountain) Log Jammer was a log flume at Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California. It opened with the park on May 29, 1971 and closed on October 31, 2011. Log Jammer opened on May 29, 1971, with Six Flags Magic Mountain. On April 5, 2006, Log Jammer was lightly damaged because a forklift truck hit one of the turning points, damaging several electricity cables. After a few days the attraction was ready for use again. Log Jammer was closed on

title: Timber Mountain Log Ride

text: Timber Mountain Log Ride The Timber Mountain Log Ride is a log flume water ride at Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California, United States. The ride is one of the oldest log flumes in the United States and is the most popular ride at Knott's Berry Farm. The ride is one of the few log flumes that is themed in the world. The original concept of the Timber Mountain Log Ride was not a log flume, but rather a roller coaster which appeared to float in a trough. However, after discussions with Arrow Development co-founders Ed Morgan and Karl

title: Corkscrew (Alton Towers)

text: Corkscrew (Alton Towers) Corkscrew was a steel roller coaster manufactured by Dutch company Vekoma to a design by Arrow Dynamics. The coaster was located in the Ug Land area of Alton Towers in Staffordshire, England. It was the park's oldest ride and is considered the greatest factor in promoting the new theme park to the British public. It was one of the first double-inverting coasters in Europe (the first in the UK), so it received much publicity and avid popularity in the 1980s. Waiting times for the ride frequently reached 6–9 hours during the first few months of operation at

title: Barry Island Pleasure Park

text: outdated and unable to compete with the newer and more modern high speed 'white knuckle' enclosed-steel-runner 360° looping thrill rides that were starting to be introduced. Now located on the site where the Scenic Railway once stood is the present and much smaller Log Flume ride built during 1980. Wooden beams from the Scenic Railway were salvaged, stored and reused in the construction of the Flume and other beams formed the basis of the Wacky Goldmine (now renamed the Haunted Mine) which was destroyed in a controlled fire in September 2014. The scenic railway still in existence at Great Yarmouth

title: Barry Island Pleasure Park

text: railway's beams were used in the building of the Log Flume ride, which was one of the park's most popular attractions. The Pleasure Park has over thirty attractions and rides. However lack of investment in the park resulted in the majority of these being removed, notably the Viper rollercoaster and the Log Flume. Park entrance is free of charge. Several Amusement arcades are located around the pleasure park. Barry Island Pleasure Park is part owned by Ian Rogers, who ran Welsh discount chain Hypervalue before it ran into financial difficulties. In 2006, Hilco UK Ltd who specialise in dealing with

title: Log Jammer (Six Flags Magic Mountain)

text: was removed to make way for the 2013 attraction, Full Throttle. Log Jammer had two lift hills and three drops. This was possible because of Log Jammer's terrain layout. Log Jammer left the station and travelled through an s-bend. It then began its first lift hill. After a small dip, the flume made several right turns. After a straight piece of track, the flume then made another s-curve. After several bends it then climbed its second lift hill. After the lift, Log Jammer went through several turns, then it went down a medium-sized drop. Then after more bends the flume

title: Loggers Leap

text: to the second lift hill. This hill, the biggest of the ride, features a steep drop with a double dip. The boat descends the drop into a splashdown, then meanders back to the station. Once in the station, guests are helped out of their boat by an attendant and leave through the photo shop. In 2013, the tunnel enclosing the first lift hill and drop was removed due to poor structural maintenance over time. Loggers Leap Loggers Leap (also referred to as "Logger's Leap") is a log flume ride in Thorpe Park, UK. It was the tallest log flume ride

title: Alton Towers

text: In the 1980s, Broome opened a succession of rides and roller coasters around the park, including Corkscrew, Pirate Ship (now The Blade), Alpine Bobsleigh, The Flume, and The Black Hole. Broome sold Alton Towers to The Tussauds Group, then a division of Pearson plc, in 1990, after encountering financial troubles in attempting to develop the former Battersea Power Station into a similar theme park. The change of ownership brought an era of major redevelopment and promotion, involving the opening of large themed areas and new attractions, such as Runaway Mine Train (1992), The Haunted House (1992), Toyland Tours (1994), and

title: Mill Race (log flume)

text: 1963, when Mill Race opened, Cedar Point had no operating roller coasters besides smaller wild mouse style roller coasters. Mill Race opened near the entrance of the park on the main midway and it proved to be one of the most popular rides in the entire park. The number of Cedar Point visitors rose following the installation of Mill Race. Although Mill Race was popular, the log flume was ultimately removed in 1993 to prepare for the addition of the inverted steel roller coaster Raptor. A second log flume ride, White Water Landing, had also been built at Cedar Point

title: The Flume (Alton Towers)


question: when did the prr first begin its passenger service between pittsburgh and philadelphia

answers: by 1854

answers: 1854

title: Fort Wayne Line

text: Railroad extended the line west to Columbia City in 1856, on July 26 the three companies merged to form the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Rail Road. The line was completed to Chicago in 1856 and 1858. The Pennsylvania Railroad began operating the line under lease on July 1, 1869. The line was subleased to the Pennsylvania Company on April 1, 1871, which operated it until January 1, 1918, when the lease was reassigned to the PRR. It passed to Penn Central Transportation in 1968 and Conrail in 1976. The line from Fort Wayne east to Alliance was not as

title: Pennsylvania Railroad

text: July 2, 1872, between Baltimore and Washington, D.C. This route required transfer via horse car in Baltimore to the other lines heading north from the city. On June 29, 1873, the Baltimore and Potomac Tunnel through Baltimore was completed. The PRR started the misleadingly named Pennsylvania Air Line service via the Northern Central Railway and Columbia, Pennsylvania. This service was 54.5 miles (87.5 km) longer than the old route but avoided the transfer in Baltimore. The Union Railroad line opened on July 24, 1873. This route eliminated the transfer in Baltimore. PRR officials contracted with both the Union Railroad and

title: Pennsylvania Station

text: day, it is the busiest passenger transportation hub in the Western Hemisphere. Pennsylvania Railroad trains began using it November 27, supplementing and eventually replacing the old New York City-area terminal across the Hudson River at Exchange Place in Jersey City. The name was adopted by the PRR on March 1, 1909. The opening of the Hell Gate Bridge on April 1, 1917, brought New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad intercity trains into Penn Station. The station now lies along Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and Empire Corridor, as well as serves New Jersey Transit and Long Island Rail Road commuter trains.

title: Washington Union Station

text: flooding was put in a tunnel underground. Delaware Avenue disappeared from the map between Massachusetts Avenue and Florida Avenue under the tracks. Only a small section remains next to the tracks between L and M Streets NE. The first B&O train to arrive with passengers was the "Pittsburgh Express" which did so at 6:50 a.m. on October 27, 1907 while the first PRR train arrived three weeks later on November 17. The main building itself was completed in 1908. Of its 32 station tracks, 20 enter from the northeast and terminate at the station's headhouse. The remaining 12 tracks enter

title: Philadelphia and Erie Railroad

text: changed the company name to the Philadelphia and Erie Railroad (P&E). Other, related legislation authorized various railroad companies to lease the lines of other companies, and the PRR entered into a 999-year lease with the Philadelphia & Erie in 1862. That same year the PRR assumed control of the P&E. Labor shortages due to the Civil War further delayed construction. The main line was completed to Erie in October 1864. "The New York Times" suggested that the railroad would be a major route connecting trade for petroleum between northwestern Pennsylvania and Philadelphia. The Erie Union Station opened on October 1,

title: Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway

text: Englewood, Illinois (south of Chicago) on November 29, 1858, and Van Buren Street in Chicago on December 25, 1858. On January 1, 1859, trains started running to Chicago, with a terminal at the future location of Union Station. The part west of Plymouth was built with rails removed from the New Portage Railroad. From the early days, the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) had been involved with the project, supplying funds. Once the Fort Wayne Railroad Bridge at Pittsburgh was finished in 1857, trains began to run through from Philadelphia. In 1858 the PFW&C began using the first Union Station in Pittsburgh,

title: Pennsylvania Railroad

text: Limited" was replaced by the "Pennsylvania Special" which in turn was replaced in 1912 by the "Broadway Limited" which became the most famous train operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad. This train ran from New York City to Chicago, via Philadelphia, with an additional section between Harrisburg and Washington (later operated as a separate Washington–Chicago train, the "Liberty Limited"). In 1890, the PRR gained control of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad, itself the merged product of numerous smaller lines in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. Commonly called the Panhandle Route, this line ran west from Pittsburgh to Bradford, Ohio,

title: Main Line of Public Works

text: Works was completed in 1834 and was sold to the Pennsylvania Railroad on June 25, 1857, for $7,500,000. Within a year, the PRR replaced the Philadelphia-Pittsburgh route with an entirely rail-based system. The Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad began in Philadelphia at Broad and Vine Streets, ran north on Broad and west on Pennsylvania Avenue (a segment later taken over and submerged/tunneled over by the Reading Railroad), then headed northwest across the Columbia Bridge over the Schuylkill River. Just after crossing the river, it traveled up the Belmont Plane, an inclined plane in the current location of West Fairmount Park, and

title: Calvert Street Station

text: his way to deliver the Gettysburg Address. Two years later, after his assassination, his remains passed through the same station on their way back to Illinois. In 1873 the NCRY, controlled by the PRR, opened Charles Street Station north of the terminal. Initially a stop en route, the PRR transformed the station into a connecting point for linking the NCRY the line with the route to Philadelphia. By the turn of the century, "Pennsylvania Station" was set for reconstruction, becoming "Union Station" at the completion of work. The new terminal, the nucleus of all Pennsylvania Railroad traffic into and out

title: Pittsburgh Line

text: time the Middle Division and the Pittsburgh Division was also combined together. The Pennsylvania Railroad eventually combined the merged Middle Division/Pittsburgh Division Main Line with their main rail line to Philadelphia, forming the Main Line of the Pennsylvania Railroad (now known as the Keystone Corridor). This Main Line of the Pennsylvania Railroad served as the PRR’s primarily line Pennsylvania, the line continued its existence through the Penn Central years and through the early years of Conrail. The PRR Main Line was passed down to Conrail and Conrail broke the PRR Main Line into two rail lines again, reestablishing the Pittsburgh

title: Pennsylvania Station

text: Railroad stations (Buffalo and Detroit) have since closed, and the Baltimore and Pittsburgh stations have returned to the name Pennsylvania Station. The Philadelphia station is now known as simply 30th Street Station. Pennsylvania Station Pennsylvania Station (normally abbreviated Penn Station) is a name applied by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) to several of its grand passenger terminals. In the early 20th century different railroad companies typically used different stations, especially in major cities or towns, so the station usually took the name of the company. (If various railroads combined to use the same depot, the place often took the name Union

title: Pennsylvania Railroad, Connecting Railway Bridge

text: Railroad and formally purchased by the PRR in 1871. Its purpose was to connect the PRR's southern and northern lines, and to be part of an eventual direct PRR line from Washington, D.C., to New York City. Before the bridge's construction, PRR trains took a circuitous route between PRR's West Philadelphia and North Philadelphia Stations. The bridge was probably designed by John A. Wilson, chief engineer of the Connecting Railway Company, who surveyed the route in 1863. Following Wilson's 1864 resignation, PRR First Vice-President George Brooke Roberts, an engineer, took over the project and saw it through to completion. (He

title: Pennsylvania-class steamship

text: long and distinguished careers, the last of them being retired from service in 1921. Since 1850, the Pennsylvania Railroad Company (PRR) had enjoyed a lucrative partnership with the British Inman Line, which transported European immigrants from Liverpool direct to Philadelphia, thus ensuring the Railroad a steady stream of customers. In 1857, the Inman Line switched its destination to New York, depriving the Pennsylvania Railroad of this lucrative trade. The Railroad made its first attempt to compensate for the lost traffic by organizing its own steamship line in 1863, but the plan was dropped after the Philadelphia city council declined to

title: Pennsylvania Company

text: the president January 20, 1871. On April 1 of that year the company began operating several railroads; others were acquired later. The Pennsylvania Company operated the Erie Canal of Pennsylvania from September 16, 1870 to February 4, 1871. On January 1, 1918, soon after the United States Railroad Administration took over all U.S. railroads, all Pennsylvania Company leases were transferred to the PRR. On March 1, 1920, when the lines were returned to the PRR, they were separated into four regions - the Eastern Region, Central Region, Northwestern Region and Southwestern Region. The Pennsylvania Company however stayed around as a

title: Pennsylvania Railroad

title: Main Line (Pennsylvania Railroad)

text: for free. On March 21, 1849, the PRR contracted with Eagle Line, primarily a steamboat company, for through service over the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad. The PRR obtained trackage rights over the Harrisburg, Portsmouth, Mountjoy and Lancaster Railroad, opened in 1838, on April 21, providing a route from Harrisburg to the Philadelphia and Columbia at Dillerville, just west of Lancaster. On September 1, the first section of the PRR opened, with all arrangements in place for service from Philadelphia to Lewistown. In 1853, the PRR surveyed the Lancaster, Lebanon and Pine Grove Railroad from Philadelphia west via Phoenixville to Salunga

title: Pennsylvania Station (1910–1963)

text: both PRR trains from the west and LIRR trains from the east. The yard's purpose was to store passenger-train cars at the beginning or end of their trips, as well as to reverse the direction of the locomotives that pulled these train cars. Land purchases for the station started in late 1901 or early 1902. The PRR purchased a site bounded by Seventh and Ninth Avenues between 31st and 33rd Streets. This site was chosen over other sites further east, such as Herald Square, because these parts of Manhattan were already congested. Penn Station proper would be located along the

title: East Liberty station

text: developed extensive stockyards and a freight depot to the east of the passenger station, located on the south side of the railroad tracks. Large numbers of passengers used the station as commuters from these areas into downtown Pittsburgh on a daily basis. In 1905, the Pennsylvania Railroad decided to construct a new station to serve the increased passenger traffic. They hired famed Philadelphia architect Frank Furness, who had already enlarged Broad Street Station in Philadelphia, the crown jewel of the PRR's sprawling network, in the early 1890s and designed several PRR suburban stations along the Main Line outside Philadelphia. The

title: Elkton station

text: of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) in 1881. The line originally ran on a tight curve through the town center, disrupting traffic and creating a collision hazard at grade crossings, as well as acting as a major speed restriction on express trains. In 1934, the PRR moved the line north of the downtown area to ease the curve and eliminate all grade crossings in Elkton. Construction on a new station began in February 1935 and was completed several months later. The new brick depot included baggage and waiting rooms, and a pedestrian passage under the tracks to the southbound platform. By

title: MARC Train

text: the Pennsylvania Railroad-owned Baltimore and Potomac Railroad (B&P) was completed between the two cities in 1872. The PW&B was initially hostile to the Pennsylvania (PRR); however, the PRR acquired it in a stock battle with the B&O in 1881. The PW&B soon began operating PRR through servicethe ancestor of Penn Line servicebetween Washington and Philadelphia in conjunction with the B&P. Meanwhile, the PRR ended B&O trackage rights over the PW&B in 1884, forcing it to open its own parallel route in 1886. The PW&B and the B&P were combined into the PRR's Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad in 1902. The

title: Pennsylvania Railroad

text: Pennsylvania Railroad The Pennsylvania Railroad (or Pennsylvania Railroad Company and also known as the "Pennsy") was an American Class I railroad that was established in 1846 and was headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was called the Pennsylvania Railroad because it was established in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The PRR was the largest railroad by traffic and revenue in the U.S. for the first half of the 20th century. Over the years, it acquired, merged with or owned part of at least 800 other rail lines and companies. At the end of 1925, it operated 10,515 miles of rail line; in

title: Pennsylvania Railroad

text: the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad (PW&B) for access to this line. The PRR's New York–Washington trains began using the route the next day, ending Pennsylvania Air Line service. In the early 1880s, the PRR acquired a majority of PW&B Railroad's stock. This action forced the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) to build the Baltimore and Philadelphia Railroad to keep its Philadelphia access, where it connected with the Reading Railroad for its competing Royal Blue Line passenger trains to reach New York. In 1885, the PRR began passenger train service from New York City via Philadelphia to Washington with limited

title: Pennsylvania Railroad

text: passenger service. Many are still in use today, served by Amtrak and regional passenger carriers. Broad Street Station was the first of the great passenger stations built by the PRR. Opened in 1881, the station was expanded in the early 1890s by famed Philadelphia architect Frank Furness. For most of its existence it was with City Hall one of the crown jewels of Philadelphia's architecture, and until a 1923 fire had the largest train shed in the world (a 91 m span). It was the terminal for the PRR in Philadelphia, bringing trains into the center of the city. It

title: Pennsylvania Station

text: Pennsylvania Station Pennsylvania Station (normally abbreviated Penn Station) is a name applied by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) to several of its grand passenger terminals. In the early 20th century different railroad companies typically used different stations, especially in major cities or towns, so the station usually took the name of the company. (If various railroads combined to use the same depot, the place often took the name Union station.) The PRR station in Cincinnati, Ohio, at Pearl and Butler Streets, built in 1880, was named Pennsylvania Station. It was supplanted with the opening of Cincinnati Union Terminal in 1933. Harrisburg,

title: Wilkinsburg station

text: was used for the Borough's public-works purposes. The PRR was merged into the Penn Central Transportation Company on Feb. 1, 1968. Its long-distance passenger service was assumed by Amtrak on May 1, 1971, at which time the three most lightly-patronized of the four pairs of trains still making daily stops at the station were discontinued. Long-distance passenger-train service at Wilkinsburg ended on September 14, 1975 when Amtrak discontinued the stop, citing a total of 128 passengers boarding or alighting in the first six months of 1975, the lowest system-wide, a far cry from the Borough's and railroad's heyday when the

title: Pennsylvania Station (1910–1963)

text: Pennsylvania Station (1910–1963) Pennsylvania Station was a historic railroad station in New York City, named for the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), its builder and original tenant. The station occupied an plot bounded by Seventh and Eighth Avenues and 31st and 33rd Streets in Midtown Manhattan. It was designed by McKim, Mead, and White and completed in 1910. Its head house and train shed were considered a masterpiece of the Beaux-Arts style and one of the great architectural works of New York City. As the terminal shared its name with several stations in other cities, it was sometimes called New York Pennsylvania

title: Pennsylvania Railroad

text: completed in 1834. Because freight and passengers had to change cars several times along the route and canals froze in winter, it soon became apparent that the system was cumbersome and a better way was needed. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania granted a charter to the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1846 to build a private rail line that would connect Harrisburg to Pittsburgh. The Directors chose John Edgar Thomson, an engineer from the Georgia Railroad, to survey and construct the line. He chose a route that followed the west bank of the Susquehanna River northward to the confluence with the Juniata River,

text: Philadelphia and Chester Branch; southbound trains reached it via the Junction Railroad (jointly controlled by PW&B, Reading, and PRR) and continued on to the connecting Chester and Delaware River Railroad.) The PW&B, which had competed so fiercely with the Pennsylvania, began to see their interests align. In 1873, the PRR opened the Baltimore and Potomac Rail Road (founded 1853, organized 1858), from Baltimore to Washington. The PW&B agreed to allow the PRR to use its track between Philadelphia and Baltimore, helping the PRR offer a shorter and more direct trip to Washington. On May 15, 1877, the PW&B formally absorbed

title: North Philadelphia station

text: station on SEPTA's Main Line (formerly belonging to the Reading Company), and the North Philadelphia subway station on SEPTA's Broad Street Line. The Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) built the Connecting Railway in 1867 to connect its main line to the Philadelphia and Trenton Railroad. By the early 1870s, New York Junction station was established where the Connecting Railway crossed over the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad mainline in North Philadelphia. A signal tower, still extant, was constructed around this time. By the early 1880s, the PRR station was known as Germantown Junction, while the Reading had its 16th Street station a block

title: Transportation in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania

text: work, which took several years, was performed by H.S. Kerbaugh, an important PRR contractor. The line north of Marietta was opened first, on January 1, 1905, crossing Shocks Mills Bridge. The rest of the line opened on August 10, 1906, and the York Haven & Rowenna was merged into the PRR in the same year. It rapidly became a major freight route for the PRR. This marked the high-water mark of railroading in Lancaster County. Consolidation and abandonment would soon ensure. The PRR bought up the Cornwall & Lebanon in 1913, and it was merged into the PRR in 1918,

title: Pennsylvania Railroad

long_answer: The western end of the line was simultaneously built from Pittsburgh east along the banks of the Allegheny and Conemaugh rivers to Johnstown. PRR was granted trackage rights over the Philadelphia and Columbia and gained control of the three short lines connecting Lancaster and Harrisburg, instituting an all-rail link between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh by 1854. In 1857, the PRR purchased the Main Line of Public Works from the state of Pennsylvania, and abandoned most of its canals and inclined planes. The line was double track from its inception, and by the end of the century a third and fourth track were added. Over the next 50 years, PRR expanded by gaining control of other railroads by stock purchases and 999-year leases.


question: name of the boundary line between india and bangladesh

answers: International Border (IB)

title: Bangladesh–India border

text: Boundary Agreement to simplify the border was ratified by both India and Bangladesh on 7 May 2015. The Radcliffe Line was published on 17 August 1947 as a boundary demarcation line between India and Pakistan upon the partition of India. It was named after its architect, Sir Cyril Radcliffe, who, as chairman of the Border Commissions, was charged with equitably dividing of territory with 88 million people. The border is used as a route for smuggling livestock, food items, medicines and drugs from India to Bangladesh. Moreover, illegal immigrants from Bangladesh cross the border to India. Because of a large

title: Sarwar Azam

text: claimed by both countries. The dispute over the demarcation of the Indo-Bangladeshi border worsened due to the existence of over 190 enclaves. One of the disputed areas was a small sliver of land near the village of Pyrdiwah which the Indian Border Security Force (BSF) had occupied since the 1971 liberation of Bangladesh. The village was one of the Indian exclaves near the border of Bangladesh with the Indian state of Meghalaya. Bangladesh claimed that the village was within its territory. Five battalions of the 19th division of the Bangladesh Army, with additional personnel from the Bangladesh Rifles (BDR), attacked

title: Bangladesh–India border

text: border in the Indian state of West Bengal were a long-standing issue between the countries. The enclaves were reputedly part of a high-stakes card game or chess games centuries ago between two regional kings, the Raja of Cooch Behar and the Maharaja of Rangpur, and the result of the confused outcome of a treaty between the Kingdom of Koch Bihar and the Mughal Empire. After the partition of India in 1947, Cooch Behar district merged with India and Rangpur went to then-East Pakistan, which became Bangladesh in 1971. The prime ministers of India and Bangladesh signed a Land Boundary Agreement

title: Banglabandha

text: Banglabandha Banglabandha (also spelled "Banglabandh") is a major inland port in northern Bangladesh established to provide a trade link with India, Nepal and Bhutan. The three nations are separated by of Indian territory, known as the Siliguri Corridor. On the Indian side of the border is Phulbari. Border crossing of vehicles between Phulbari and Banglabandha was inaugurated in January 2011. Despite the geographical proximity of the borders of India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan, the issues of border control and territorial sovereignty have obviously prevented the establishment of direct trade routes. Banglabandha was functioning as a "Land Customs Station" (LCS) before

title: Phulbari, Jalpaiguri

text: Phulbari, Jalpaiguri Phulbari also known as "Fulbari" is a road border crossing for vehicles and people on the India-Bangladesh border and a proposed municipality in Rajganj community development block in Jalpaiguri district in the Indian state of West Bengal. The Bangladesh side of the border crossing is Banglabandha. Border crossing of vehicles between Phulbari in India and Banglabandha in Bangladesh was inaugurated on January 2011. Earlier, Nepal-Bangladesh transit through the border started in a limited manner in 1997. Goods-laden trucks from both sides cross the border and unload the goods at warehouses in the other country. The Indian Finance Minister

title: Banglabandha

text: tip of northwestern Bangladesh at . It is north of the Panchagarh town and from Siliguri and Jalpaiguri, in the Indian state of West Bengal. The Indian city of Darjeeling is away to the north. Kankarbhitta, the India-Nepal border transit point for third countries, is away and the India-Bhutan border is away from the Indo-Bangladesh boundary near which Banglabandha stands. The Banglabandha port was formally inaugurated in May 2004 but has not been fully functional owing to the absence of a transit agreement for the use of Indian territory as a transport route for Bangladeshi, Nepalese and Bhutanese trade cargoes.

title: Bangladesh–India relations

text: Teesta waters and the land boundary pact. From November 2013, A Wagah Border-like ceremony is being organised at Petrapole (in West Bengal, India) - Benapole (Bangladesh) border checkpoint. The ceremony which includes parades, march-past and lowering of the national flag of both the countries is now a daily routine, at sundown, on the eastern border. The relations between the countries are definitely moving in positive direction. Indian External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj visited Bangladesh in her first official overseas trip in June, 2014. On 7 May 2015 the Indian Parliament, in the presence of Bangladeshi diplomats, unanimously passed the Land

title: Muhuri River

text: of Bangladesh and India on several occasions. In 2011 during the visit of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to Bangladesh, both countries agreed to the demarcation of the land boundary between them. The two parties agreed on the demarcation of the boundary along the Muhuri and also agreed to construct embankments along the river within their borders to stabilise it and to undertake fencing along the 'zero line' in the sector. The Muhuri has a total basin area of 839 km in Tripura which accounts for 8% of the state's total geographical area. It has an annual flow of 76,247,000 cubic

title: Mahadipur

text: 34) and after the border crossing leads on towards Rajshahi in Bangladesh. Mahadipur Mahadipur is a village in English Bazar CD Block in Malda Sadar subdivision of Malda district in the state of West Bengal, India and is a border checkpoint, on the Indian side of the Bangladesh-India border, with Sonamosjid in Chapai Nawabganj District on the Bangladesh side. Mahadipur is located at , near the historical ruins of Gauḍa. 165.5 km of the India-Bangaldesh border is in Malda district.As of 2017, about half of the 4,096 km of the broder India shares with Bangladesh has been fenced. Mahadipur is

title: Sarwar Azam

text: border talks to discuss disputes along their border. Relations were cooled down shortly afterwards. India later began constructing a fence along the entire length of the international border with Bangladesh. India is still in the process of constructing the Indo-Bangladeshi barrier. Bangladesh protested that construction of the fence within 150 yards of the border was a gross violation of the Indo-Bangladeshi Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Peace. The Bangladesh government also protested frequent BSF incursions into Bangladesh, and shootings which resulted in the deaths of Bangladeshi citizens inside Bangladeshi territory. In a news conference in August 2008, it was stated

title: Muhuri River

text: frequently changing course of the river prevented the two nations from demarcating the boundary here with India insisting on the 1974 Accord with Bangladesh that calls for demarcation "along the mid-stream of the course of Muhuri river at the time of demarcation" while Bangladesh insisted on an 1893 map that would result in it gaining an extra 44 acres from India. Muhurichar river island, a 140-acre island on the river and important for rice cultivation, was a source of tension between the two countries as both laid claim to it and it resulted in skirmishes between the border security agencies

title: India-Bangladesh Border Haat

text: at Bholaganj, Nalikata, Shibbari and Ryngku. The government of India has also executed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the government of the Republic of Union of Myanmar on the establishment of border haats along their border. The border haats aim at promoting the wellbeing of the people dwelling in remote areas across the borders of two countries by establishing a traditional system of marketing the local produce through local markets. India-Bangladesh Border Haat India-Bangladesh Border Haat is a border trade market between Bangladesh and India. It is a market place organised by the two countries one day each week.

title: New Moor

text: the Radcliffe Award methodology of settling the maritime boundary between the two nations. The matter was resolved on 7 July 2014, when the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) delivered a verdict in the "Bay of Bengal maritime boundary arbitration between Bangladesh and India" case. The PFA gave verdict in favour of Bangladesh. The island was only from the mouth of the Hariabhanga River. The emergence of the island was discovered by an American satellite in 1974 that showed it to have an area of . Later, various remote sensing surveys showed that the island had expanded gradually to an area

title: Phulbari, Jalpaiguri

text: Pranab Mukherjee and Bangladesh's Agriculture Minister Matia Chowdhury attended the inauguration ceremony.This land port can also be used for the movement of people between Bangladesh and India. There are complaints about lack of proper facilities at the border, and condition of the road between Phulbari and India-Nepal border. India has taken steps to improve the road between Kankarbhitta, where the Nepalese check-post is located, across the Mechi River from NH 31C and Phulbari border post on State Highway 12. Phulbari, Jalpaiguri Phulbari also known as "Fulbari" is a road border crossing for vehicles and people on the India-Bangladesh border and

title: Bangladesh–India border

text: The Bangladesh–India border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between Bangladesh and India that demarcates the eight divisions of Bangladesh and the Indian states.

title: 2001 Bangladesh–India border clashes

text: worsened due to the existence of over 190 enclaves. One of the disputed areas was a small sliver of land near the village of Padua/Pyrdiwah, on the border between Bangladesh and the Indian state of Meghalaya, which during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War was used by Indian security forces to train the Bangladeshi Mukti Bahini, who were fighting the Pakistani Army. After its liberation, Bangladesh staked its claim to the area in which the Indian Border Security Force (BSF) had established a post in since 1971. The village is one of the Indian exclaves on the border between Bangladesh and

title: Rajkahini

text: boundary between the newly formed nations of India and Pakistan (present day Bangladesh). As both the Congress and the Muslim League battle it out in courtrooms as to which side of Bengal will get which territory, in another part of Bengal is a brothel, situated right in the middle of Debiganj and Haldibari districts, which is the home and the world to eleven women and two men. Begum Jaan (Rituparna) is the boss, while the other women work under her as prostitutes. Begum's faithful bodyguard is Saleem Mirza (Nigel Akkara), a Pathan, and Sujan (Rudranil Ghosh) as their man-servant and

title: 2001 Bangladesh–India border clashes

text: 2001 Bangladesh–India border clashes The 2001 Bangladesh-India border dispute conflict took place in the third week of April 2001 between troops of the Bangladesh Rifles (BDR), which is now known as the Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB), and the Indian Border Security Force (BSF) on the poorly marked international border between the two countries. The Partition of Bengal in 1947 left a poorly demarcated international border between India and Bangladesh (then East Pakistan). Ownership of several villages on both sides of the de facto border were disputed and claimed by both countries. The dispute over the demarcation of the Indo-Bangladeshi border

title: 2001 Bangladesh–India border clashes

text: Hasina, nor did India demand that she apologise. India and Bangladesh started talks in March 2002 to resolve their border disputes. By July 2001, the two sides established joint working groups to establish the un-demarcated sections of the border. Both sides desisted from any further hostilities and began border talks to discuss disputes along their border. Relations were cooled down shortly afterwards. India later began constructing a fence along the entire length of the international border with Bangladesh. India is still in the process of constructing the Indo-Bangladeshi barrier. Bangladesh protested that construction of the fence within 150 yards of

title: India–Myanmar barrier

text: and proceeeding further on the new track to the Cox's Bazar which is one of he official port for transit to India. This will extend the existing Sabroom in south Tripura on the border of Bangladesh to Baraiya (southwest Tripura)-Chaggalnaiya (bangladesh)-Manu Bazar (South Tripura)-Sabroom-Khargachari-Magrum-Nunsri Lunglei-Aizawl-Zokhawtar-Kalemo. Rouet for this will be Bandarban(Bangladesh)-Tuiping(Mizoram)-Niawhtlang(Mizoram-Burma border)-Gangaw(Myanmar). Rouet for this will be Shillong and Dawki in India to Sylhet in Bangladesh. Rouet for this will be Dhubri, Tura, Barengapara and Durgapur in India to Jaria in Bangladesh. India–Myanmar barrier The India–Myanmar barrier is a border barrier that India is constructing to seal its -long border

text: founded inside Bangladesh territory on 16 April 2005. According to India he was killed inside India and dragged to Bangladesh, while according to Bangladesh he was killed after intruding into Bangladeshi territory. The death of Bangladesh nationals in the Bangladesh–India border harms the Bangladesh–India relations. From 2010 to 2016, on average, 40 Bangladeshi nationals were killed in the border. The Daily Star described the issue as one that is "highly emotive" in Bangladesh. On the border death Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina said it was a matter of "grave concern" to her. The border deaths has also been criticised by

title: India-Bangladesh Border Haat

text: India-Bangladesh Border Haat India-Bangladesh Border Haat is a border trade market between Bangladesh and India. It is a market place organised by the two countries one day each week. It is not only a market for buying daily commodities but also a reunion spot for families living on both sides. Currently, four border haats are operational along the India-Bangladesh border. Two border haats are located in Meghalaya at Kalaichar and Balat and two are located in Tripura at Srinagar and Kamalasagar. The trade at border haats is permitted to be carried out in Indian Rupees/Bangladesh Taka and on a barter

title: Geography of India

text: border. After the exchange, India lost roughly 40 km² (10,000 acres) to Bangladesh. The Line of Actual Control (LAC) is the effective border between India and the People's Republic of China. It traverses 4,057 km along the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. The border with Burma (Myanmar) extends up to along the southern borders of India's northeastern states viz. Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram. Located amidst the Himalayan range, India's border with Bhutan runs . Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh are the States, which share the border with Bhutan.

text: Deaths along the Bangladesh–India border Deaths along the Bangladesh–India border occur hundreds of times a year because of those attempting to cross into India from Bangladesh illegally mainly for trade purpose. Bangladesh and India share a 4,096 kilometer (2,545 mile) border. To prevent smuggling and illegal migration from Bangladesh, Indian border force Border Security Force can exercise controversial "Shoot-on-sight" policy. By this policy, BSF can shoot any people on site with or without cause. A large portion of the death are cattle traders and farmers with land near the border. Brad Adams, Executive Director of the Asia Department of Human

title: Mahadipur

text: Mahadipur Mahadipur is a village in English Bazar CD Block in Malda Sadar subdivision of Malda district in the state of West Bengal, India and is a border checkpoint, on the Indian side of the Bangladesh-India border, with Sonamosjid in Chapai Nawabganj District on the Bangladesh side. Mahadipur is located at , near the historical ruins of Gauḍa. 165.5 km of the India-Bangaldesh border is in Malda district.As of 2017, about half of the 4,096 km of the broder India shares with Bangladesh has been fenced. Mahadipur is a land port and border checkpoint,on the Bangladesh-India border, being developed (in

text: Human Rights organisations. Deaths along the Bangladesh–India border Deaths along the Bangladesh–India border occur hundreds of times a year because of those attempting to cross into India from Bangladesh illegally mainly for trade purpose. Bangladesh and India share a 4,096 kilometer (2,545 mile) border. To prevent smuggling and illegal migration from Bangladesh, Indian border force Border Security Force can exercise controversial "Shoot-on-sight" policy. By this policy, BSF can shoot any people on site with or without cause. A large portion of the death are cattle traders and farmers with land near the border. Brad Adams, Executive Director of the Asia

title: Radcliffe Line

text: Radcliffe Line The Radcliffe Line was the boundary demarcation line between the Indian and Pakistani portions of the Punjab and Bengal provinces of British India. It was named after its architect, Sir Cyril Radcliffe, who, as the joint chairman of the two boundary commissions for the two provinces, received the responsibility to equitably divide of territory with 88 million people. The demarcation line was published on 17 August 1947 upon the Partition of India. Today its western side still serves as the Indo-Pakistani border and the eastern side serves as the India-Bangladesh border. On 15 July 1947, the Indian Independence

title: 2001 Bangladesh–India border clashes

text: triggered a series of claims and counter-claims from by both sides. While the BDR officials alleged that the BSF indulged in unprovoked firing on BDR positions at Uttarkul and Amolshid borders, the Indian High Commission in Dhaka blamed the BDR for "continuing attempt at infiltration and encroachment" into approximately 220 acres of land at the western bank of the Surma River, across the BSF outposts at Harinagar, Assam. 2001 Bangladesh–India border clashes The 2001 Bangladesh-India border dispute conflict took place in the third week of April 2001 between troops of the Bangladesh Rifles (BDR), which is now known as the

title: Bangladesh–India border

text: links. 2 scheduled passenger trains run between Kolkata and Bangladesh as the Maitree Express and the Bandhan Express. The project has run into several delays and there is no clear completion date for the project yet. The barrier when complete will be patrolled by the Border Security Force. The fence will also be electrified at some stretches. The BSF claims that the barrier's main purpose is to prevent smuggling of narcotics. India is constructing the India–Bangladesh barrier, a fence of barbed wire and concrete just under 3 metres high, to prevent smuggling of narcotics. Out of this, 500 kilometres of

title: 2001 Bangladesh–India border clashes

text: the Indian state of Meghalaya. There are 111 Indian enclaves in Bangladesh claimed territory and 50 Bangladeshi ones in Indian claimed territory. Pyrdiwah village is an adverse possession – a village inhabited by Indians but one that is legally owned by Bangladesh (till the border agreement is ratified and the populations exchanged). The people of the village are ethnically Khasi. In a personal interview published much later the then director of the BDR, Maj.Gen Fazlur Rahman, who was later dismissed from service by the rival government after the election, claimed that the BSF had begun to construct a link road

title: Bangladesh–India border