question: points on a sphere or angles in a circle are measured in units called

answers: radians

title: Measurement of a Circle

text: Measurement of a Circle Measurement of a Circle or Dimension of the Circle (Greek: , "Kuklou metrēsis") is a treatise that consists of three propositions by Archimedes, ca. 250 BCE. The treatise is only a fraction of what was a longer work. Proposition one states: The area of any circle is equal to a right-angled triangle in which one of the sides about the right angle is equal to the radius, and the other to the circumference, of the circle. Any circle with a circumference "c" and a radius "r" is equal in area with a right triangle with the

title: Area

text: can be measured by comparing the shape to squares of a fixed size. In the International System of Units (SI), the standard unit of area is the square metre (written as m), which is the area of a square whose sides are one metre long. A shape with an area of three square metres would have the same area as three such squares. In mathematics, the unit square is defined to have area one, and the area of any other shape or surface is a dimensionless real number. There are several well-known formulas for the areas of simple shapes such

title: N-sphere

text: unit 1-sphere is the unit circle in the Euclidean plane, and this has circumference (1-dimensional measure) The region enclosed by the unit 1-sphere is the 2-ball, or unit disc, and this has area (2-dimensional measure) Analogously, in 3-dimensional Euclidean space, the surface area (2-dimensional measure) of the unit 2-sphere is given by and the volume enclosed is the volume (3-dimensional measure) of the unit 3-ball, given by The "surface area", or properly the -dimensional volume, of the -sphere at the boundary of the -ball of radius is related to the volume of the ball by the differential equation or, equivalently,

title: Unit sphere

text: Unit sphere In mathematics, a unit sphere is the set of points of distance 1 from a fixed central point, where a generalized concept of distance may be used; a closed unit ball is the set of points of distance less than or equal to 1 from a fixed central point. Usually a specific point has been distinguished as the origin of the space under study and it is understood that a unit sphere or unit ball is centered at that point. Therefore one speaks of "the" unit ball or "the" unit sphere. For example, a one-dimensional sphere is the

title: Sine

text: defined similarly; for example, the cosine of the angle is the ratio between the adjacent side and the hypotenuse, while the tangent gives the ratio between the opposite and adjacent sides. As stated, the value formula_2 appears to depend on the choice of right triangle containing an angle of measure "α". However, this is not the case: all such triangles are similar, and so the ratio is the same for each of them. In trigonometry, a unit circle is the circle of radius one centered at the origin (0, 0) in the Cartesian coordinate system. Let a line through the

title: Spherical measure

text: Spherical measure In mathematics — specifically, in geometric measure theory — spherical measure "σ" is the “natural” Borel measure on the "n"-sphere S. Spherical measure is often normalized so that it is a probability measure on the sphere, i.e. so that "σ"(S) = 1. There are several ways to define spherical measure. One way is to use the usual “round” or “arclength” metric "ρ" on S; that is, for points "x" and "y" in S, "ρ"("x", "y") is defined to be the (Euclidean) angle that they subtend at the centre of the sphere (the origin of R). Now construct "n"-dimensional

title: Angular unit

text: Angular unit Throughout history, angles have been measured in many different units. The most contemporary units are the degree ( ° ) and radian (rad), but many others have been used throughout history. The purpose of this page is to aggregate other concepts pertaining to the angular unit, where additional explanation can be provided. The size of a geometric angle is usually characterized by the magnitude of the smallest rotation that maps one of the rays into the other. Angles that have the same size are said to be "equal" or "congruent" or "equal in measure". In some contexts, such

title: Solid angle

text: of its faces is one-sixth of that, or sr. Solid angles can also be measured in square degrees (1 sr = () square degrees), in square minutes and square seconds, or in fractions of the sphere (1 sr = fractional area), also known as spat (1 sp = 4 sr). In spherical coordinates there is a formula for the differential, where is the colatitude (angle from the North pole) and is the longitude. The solid angle for an arbitrary oriented surface S subtended at a point P is equal to the solid angle of the projection of the surface S

title: Unit circle

text: Unit circle In mathematics, a unit circle is a circle with a radius of one. Frequently, especially in trigonometry, the unit circle is the circle of radius one centered at the origin (0, 0) in the Cartesian coordinate system in the Euclidean plane. The unit circle is often denoted ; the generalization to higher dimensions is the unit sphere. If is a point on the unit circle's circumference, then and are the lengths of the legs of a right triangle whose hypotenuse has length 1. Thus, by the Pythagorean theorem, and satisfy the equation Since for all , and since

title: Measurement of a Circle

text: be produced by an iterative geometrical construction suggested by Archimedes' Stomachion in the setting of the regular dodecagon. In this case, the task is to give rational approximations to the tangent of π/12. Measurement of a Circle Measurement of a Circle or Dimension of the Circle (Greek: , "Kuklou metrēsis") is a treatise that consists of three propositions by Archimedes, ca. 250 BCE. The treatise is only a fraction of what was a longer work. Proposition one states: The area of any circle is equal to a right-angled triangle in which one of the sides about the right angle is

title: Angular unit

text: the angle is measured as long as each angle is measured in the same unit. One "radian" is the angle subtended by an arc of a circle that has the same length as the circle's radius. The radian is the derived quantity of angular measurement in the SI system. By definition, it is dimensionless, though it may be specified as "rad" to avoid ambiguity. Angles measured in degrees, are shown with the symbol °. Subdivisions of the degree are minute (symbol ', 1' = 1/60°) and second {symbol ", 1" = 1/3600°}. An angle of 360° corresponds to the angle

title: Unit sphere

text: surface of what is commonly called a "circle", while such a circle's interior and surface together are the two-dimensional ball. Similarly, a two-dimensional sphere is the surface of the Euclidean solid known colloquially as a "sphere", while the interior and surface together are the three-dimensional ball. A unit sphere is simply a sphere of radius one. The importance of the unit sphere is that any sphere can be transformed to a unit sphere by a combination of translation and scaling. In this way the properties of spheres in general can be reduced to the study of the unit sphere. In

title: Radian

text: Assuming a unit circle; the radius is therefore one. Knowing that the definition of radian is the measure of an angle that subtends an arc of a length equal to the radius of the circle, we know that formula_3. This can be further simplified to formula_4. Multiplying both sides by formula_5 gives formula_6. The concept of radian measure, as opposed to the degree of an angle, is normally credited to Roger Cotes in 1714. He described the radian in everything but name, and he recognized its naturalness as a unit of angular measure. The idea of measuring angles by the

title: Solid angle

text: corresponds to one unit of area on the unit sphere surrounding the apex, so an object that blocks all rays from the apex would cover a number of steradians equal to the total surface area of the unit sphere, formula_1. Solid angles can also be measured in squares of angular measures such as degrees, minutes, and seconds. A small object nearby may subtend the same solid angle as a larger object farther away. For example, although the Moon is much smaller than the Sun, it is also much closer to Earth. Indeed, as viewed from any point on Earth, both

title: Angle

text: In order to measure an angle θ, a circular arc centered at the vertex of the angle is drawn, e.g. with a pair of compasses. The ratio of the length s of the arc by the radius r of the circle is the measure of the angle in radians.

title: Geometry

text: triangles, as well as forming an object of study in their own right. The study of the angles of a triangle or of angles in a unit circle forms the basis of trigonometry. In differential geometry and calculus, the angles between plane curves or space curves or surfaces can be calculated using the derivative. A curve is a 1-dimensional object that may be straight (like a line) or not; curves in 2-dimensional space are called plane curves and those in 3-dimensional space are called space curves. In topology, a curve is defined by a function from an interval of the

title: Point (geometry)

text: Point (geometry) In modern mathematics, a point refers usually to an element of some set called a space. More specifically, in Euclidean geometry, a point is a primitive notion upon which the geometry is built, meaning that a point cannot be defined in terms of previously defined objects. That is, a point is defined only by some properties, called axioms, that it must satisfy. In particular, the geometric points do not have any length, area, volume or any other dimensional attribute. A common interpretation is that the concept of a point is meant to capture the notion of a unique

title: Unit square

text: first dial formula_5 if we have the distance: formula_2 then the distance: formula_7 Unit square In mathematics, a unit square is a square whose sides have length . Often, "the" unit square refers specifically to the square in the Cartesian plane with corners at the four points ), , , and . In a Cartesian coordinate system with coordinates the unit square is defined as the square consisting of the points where both and lie in a closed unit interval from to . That is, the unit square is the Cartesian product , where denotes the closed unit interval. The

title: Unit circle

text: sine, cosine, and other trigonometric functions only make sense for angle measures more than zero and less than . However, when defined with the unit circle, these functions produce meaningful values for any real-valued angle measure – even those greater than 2. In fact, all six standard trigonometric functions – sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant, as well as archaic functions like versine and exsecant – can be defined geometrically in terms of a unit circle, as shown at right. Using the unit circle, the values of any trigonometric function for many angles other than those labeled can be

title: Spherical geometry

text: Spherical geometry Spherical geometry is the geometry of the two-dimensional surface of a sphere. It is an example of a geometry that is not Euclidean. Two practical applications of the principles of spherical geometry are navigation and astronomy. In plane (Euclidean) geometry, the basic concepts are points and (straight) lines. On a sphere, points are defined in the usual sense. The equivalents of lines are not defined in the usual sense of "straight line" in Euclidean geometry, but in the sense of "the shortest paths between points", which are called geodesics. On a sphere, the geodesics are the great circles;

title: Point (geometry)

text: introduced by theoretical physicist Paul Dirac. In the context of signal processing it is often referred to as the unit impulse symbol (or function). Its discrete analog is the Kronecker delta function which is usually defined on a finite domain and takes values 0 and 1. Point (geometry) In modern mathematics, a point refers usually to an element of some set called a space. More specifically, in Euclidean geometry, a point is a primitive notion upon which the geometry is built, meaning that a point cannot be defined in terms of previously defined objects. That is, a point is defined

title: Theodosius of Bithynia

text: In his writings Theodosius defines a sphere to be a solid figure with the property that an point on its surface is a constant distance from the center of the sphere[10] . In his works he is also cited as proving that for a spherical triangle with angles A, B, C, and sides with a, b, c, side a is opposite angle A[11] . This is equivalent to the tangent of a equals sin of b times tangent of A. The work of Theodosius is similar to the two works of Autylocus and both of their findings resemble those discussed

title: Unit sphere

text: plays the role of the "unit circle" in the plane of split-complex numbers. Similarly, quadratic form x yields a pair of lines for the unit sphere in the dual number plane. Unit sphere In mathematics, a unit sphere is the set of points of distance 1 from a fixed central point, where a generalized concept of distance may be used; a closed unit ball is the set of points of distance less than or equal to 1 from a fixed central point. Usually a specific point has been distinguished as the origin of the space under study and it is

title: Area of a circle

text: value of formula_72 at x. A spherical circle is the set of points a geodesic distance "R" from the zenith point z. Equivalently, with a fixed embedding into formula_73, the spherical circle of radius formula_74 centered at z is the set of x in formula_64 such that formula_76. We can also measure the area of the spherical disk enclosed within a spherical circle, using the intrinsic surface area measure on the sphere. The area of the disk of radius "R" is then given by More generally, if a sphere formula_78 has radius of curvature formula_79, then the area of the

title: Sphere

text: Sphere A sphere (from Greek σφαῖρα — "sphaira", "globe, ball") is a perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional space that is the surface of a completely round ball (viz., analogous to the circular objects in two dimensions, where a "circle" circumscribes its "disk"). Like a circle in a two-dimensional space, a sphere is defined mathematically as the set of points that are all at the same distance from a given point, but in a three-dimensional space. This distance is the radius of the ball, which is made up from all points with a distance less than from the given point,

title: Spherical Earth

text: Earth. Knowing the difference in angle between two points on the Earth's surface and the surface distance between them allows a calculation of the Earth's size. Using observations at Rhodes (in Greece) and Alexandria (in Egypt) and the distance between them, the Ancient Greek philosopher Posidonius actually did use this technique to calculate the circumference of the planet to within perhaps 4% of the correct value (though modern equivalents of his units of measure are not precisely known). Since the 1500s, many people have sailed or flown completely around the world in all directions, and none have discovered an edge

title: Circle

text: on the point on the circle and rotate the compass. Apollonius of Perga showed that a circle may also be defined as the set of points in a plane having a constant "ratio" (other than 1) of distances to two fixed foci, "A" and "B". (The set of points where the distances are equal is the perpendicular bisector of segment "AB", a line.) That circle is sometimes said to be drawn "about" two points. The proof is in two parts. First, one must prove that, given two foci "A" and "B" and a ratio of distances, any point "P" satisfying

title: Elementary mathematics

text: the points and the center is called the radius. It can also be defined as the locus of a point equidistant from a fixed point. A perimeter is a path that surrounds a two-dimensional shape. The term may be used either for the path or its length - it can be thought of as the length of the outline of a shape. The perimeter of a circle or ellipse is called its circumference. Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional figure or shape. There are several well-known formulas for the areas of simple shapes such as

title: Unit of measurement

text: Unit of measurement A unit of measurement is a definite magnitude of a quantity, defined and adopted by convention or by law, that is used as a standard for measurement of the same kind of quantity. Any other quantity of that kind can be expressed as a multiple of the unit of measurement. For example, a length is a physical quantity. The metre is a unit of length that represents a definite predetermined length. When we say 10 metres (or 10 m), we actually mean 10 times the definite predetermined length called "metre". Measurement is a process of determining how

title: N-sphere

text: by identifying the boundary of an -cube with a point, or (inductively) by forming the suspension of an -sphere. For any natural number , an -sphere of radius is defined as the set of points in -dimensional Euclidean space that are at distance from some fixed point , where may be any positive real number and where may be any point in -dimensional space. In particular: The set of points in -space, , that define an -sphere, , is represented by the equation: where = is a center point, and is the radius. The above -sphere exists in -dimensional Euclidean

title: Angle


question: what is the year round weather in dubai

answers: tropical desert climate

title: Climate of Dubai

text: very hot, dry and humid, with temperatures reaching for many days. Even the sea temperature reaches , with humidity averaging over 90%. Rainfall in Dubai is infrequent and does not last for a long period. It mostly rains during the winter period between December and March in the form of short downpours and an occasional thunderstorm. On average, rain falls only five days a year. February is the wettest month in Dubai with an average of of rain. The weather in Dubai is extremely dry in the month of June with little or no rain. March and December also record

title: Climate of Dubai

text: some amount of rainfall. The rainfall during January, April, July, October and November are about average while the amount of rain in May, August and September are comparatively lower. In January the average maximum daytime temperature in Dubai is . The average rainfall is 10 mm (0.4 inches) of, with rain generally falling on just two days of the month. While the average sea temperature in January is . On January 15, 2008 of rain was recorded in 24 hours. In February the average maximum daytime temperature in Dubai is . The average rainfall is during February. While the average

title: Climate of Dubai

text: is , with extreme heat and humidity. There is very little chance of any rainfall during September. Average sea temperature in September is . In October the average temperature is , with very high heat and humidity. The average sea temperature around Dubai Airport in October is . In November the average temperature is , with high heat and humidity. On average only of rainfall may occur in November. Average sea temperature in November is . In December the average temperature is , cool to warm with high humidity. The average rainfall during the month is . With rain generally

title: Climate of Dubai

text: to March period. The weather between December and March remains warm and is considered to be the most comfortable climatic conditions of the year. <section end="weatherbox" /> The climate of Dubai is warm and sunny due to its position near the line of the Tropic of Cancer. During the winter season it has an average daytime temperature of . Nighttime temperatures near the coastline range between to , while in the desert they are with the nights being relatively cool throughout the year. Near coastal areas humidity averages between 50% and 60%. In the summer, the weather in Dubai is

title: Climate of Dubai

text: one day of the month. The average sea temperature is . In June the average temperature is , with extreme heat and humidity. There is very little chance of any rainfall in June. The average sea temperature in June is . In July the average temperature is extremely high with extreme heat and humidity. Average sea temperature in the month of July is . In August the average temperature is , with extreme heat and humidity. There is very little chance of any rainfall during August. While the average sea temperature in August is . In September the average temperature

title: Climate of Dubai

text: sea temperature is . In March the average temperature is , with moderate heat and humidity. The average rainfall is during March, with rain generally falling on just four days of the month. While the average sea temperature is . In April the average daytime temperature is , with high heat and humidity. The average rainfall is with rain generally falling on just two days of the month. The average sea temperature in April is . In May the average temperature is , with extreme heat and humidity. The average rainfall is during May, with rain generally falling on just

title: Dubai

text: in January, the coldest month. Precipitation, however, has been increasing in the last few decades, with accumulated rain reaching per year. Dubai summers are also known for the very high humidity level, which can make it very uncomfortable for many with exceptionally high dew points in summer. The highest recorded temperature in Dubai is , reached in July 1996. Dubai has been ruled by the Al Maktoum family since 1833; the emirate is a constitutional monarchy. Dubai citizens participate in the electoral college to vote representatives to the Federal National Council of the UAE. The ruler, His Highness Sheikh Mohammed

title: Arabian Desert

text: are just intermittent. Even though the sun and moon is bright, the dust and humidity has a lower visibility for the traveler. The temperatures remain high all year round. Average high temperatures in summer are generally over 40 °C (104 °F) at low elevations, and can even soar to 48 °C (114.8 °F) at extremely low elevations, especially along the Persian Gulf near the sea level. Average low temperatures in summer remain high, over 20 °C (68 °F) and sometimes over 30 °C (77 °F) in the southernmost regions. Record high temperatures are above 50 °C (122 °F) in much

title: Dubai

text: concentrated to the west of Dubai Creek, on the Jumeirah coastal belt. Port Rashid, Jebel Ali, Burj Al Arab, the Palm Jumeirah and theme-based free-zone clusters such as Business Bay are all located in this section. Dubai is notable for sculpted artificial island complexes including the Palm Islands and The World archipelago. Dubai has a hot desert climate. Summers in Dubai are extremely hot, windy, and humid, with an average high around and overnight lows around in the hottest month, August. Most days are sunny throughout the year. Winters are cool with an average high of and overnight lows of

title: Tourist attractions in Dubai

text: Ski Dubai also houses a number of penguins who are let out of their enclosures several times a day. Penguin encounters can be booked, allowing the public to interact directly with the penguins. Winter clothing, ski and snowboard equipment are included in the price of admission. An extremely efficient insulation system helps the facility maintain a temperature of -4 °C (30 °F) during the day and −6 °C (21 °F) at night when the snow is produced. Dubai Marina () is a district in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Dubai Marina is an artificial canal city, built along a two-mile (3

title: United Arab Emirates

text: . During the late summer months, a humid southeastern wind known as Sharqi (i.e. "Easterner") makes the coastal region especially unpleasant. The average annual rainfall in the coastal area is less than , but in some mountainous areas annual rainfall often reaches . Rain in the coastal region falls in short, torrential bursts during the summer months, sometimes resulting in floods in ordinarily dry wadi beds. The region is prone to occasional, violent dust storms, which can severely reduce visibility. On 28 December 2004, there was snow recorded in the UAE for the very first time, in the Jebel Jais

title: Ski Dubai

text: Ski Dubai Ski Dubai is an indoor ski resort with 22,500 square meters of indoor ski area. The park maintains the temperature of -1 degree Celsius to 2 degrees Celsius through out the year. It is a part of the Mall of the Emirates, one of the largest shopping malls in the world, located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It was developed by Majid Al Futtaim Group, which also operates the Mall of the Emirates. Opened in November 2005, the indoor resort features an 85-metre-high indoor mountain (equivalent to 25 stories high building) with 5 slopes of varying steepness and

title: Emirate of Abu Dhabi

text: winds often vary between southerly, south-easterly, westerly, northerly and north westerly. Another characteristic of the Emirate's weather is the high rate of evaporation of water due to several factors, namely high temperature, wind speed, and low rainfall. The oasis city of Al Ain, about away, bordering Oman, regularly records the highest summer temperatures in the country; however, the dry desert air and cooler evenings make it a traditional retreat from the intense summer heat and year-round humidity of the capital city. The extraordinary increase in population in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi during the past half century has made the

title: Geography of the United Arab Emirates

text: are considerably cooler, a result of increased altitude. Average minimum temperatures in January and February are between . During the late summer months, a humid southeastern wind known as the sharqi makes the coastal region especially unpleasant. The average annual rainfall in the coastal area is less than , but in some mountainous areas annual rainfall often reaches . Rain in the coastal region falls in short, torrential bursts during the summer months, sometimes resulting in floods in ordinarily dry wadi beds. The region is prone to occasional, violent dust storm, which can severely reduce visibility. The Jebel Jais mountain

title: Climate of Dubai

title: The UAE Research Program for Rain Enhancement Science

text: a high evaporation rate of surface water and a low groundwater recharge rate. Although rainfall in the UAE has been fluctuating over the last few decades in winter season, most of that occurs in the December to March period. During the summer months, the prevailing Indian Monsoon drought effect leads to a build-up of cumulus clouds especially along the mountainous terrain in the eastern UAE. The UAE cloud-seeding Program was initiated in the late 1990s. By early 2001 the Program was being conducted in cooperation with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Colorado, USA, the Witwatersrand University in

title: Ski Dubai

text: of penguins who are let out of their enclosures several times a day. Penguin encounters can be booked, allowing the public to interact directly with the penguins. In 2007 Ski Dubai was awarded the Thea Outstanding Achievement Award by the Themed Entertainment Association. The Snow Play Area was designed and produced by Thinkwell Group. Ski Dubai Ski Dubai is an indoor ski resort with 22,500 square meters of indoor ski area. The park maintains the temperature of -1 degree Celsius to 2 degrees Celsius through out the year. It is a part of the Mall of the Emirates, one of

title: Gwadar

text: a hot desert climate (Köppen "BWh"), characterised by little precipitation and high variation between summer and winter temperatures. Oceanic influence from the cool currents of the Arabian Sea moderates temperatures, resulting in notably cooler summer temperatures compared to areas inland and cities in the Persian Gulf such as Dubai. The Arabian Sea also moderates winter temperatures, resulting in warmer winter nights as compared to inland areas. The mean temperature in the hottest month (June) remains between 31 °C and 32 °C. The mean temperature in the coolest month (January) varies from 18 °C to 19 °C. The uniformity of temperature

title: Dubai

text: eyes exposed. Men wear the "kandurah" also referred to as "dishdasha" or even "thawb" (long white robe) and the headscarf (ghotrah). The UAE traditional ghotrah is white and is held in place by an accessory called "egal", which resembles a black cord. The younger Emiratis prefer to wear red and white ghotras and tie it round their head like a turban. The above dress code is never compulsory and many people wear western or other eastern clothing without any problems; but prohibitions on wearing "indecent clothing" or revealing too much skin are aspects of the UAE to which Dubai's visitors

title: Emirate of Abu Dhabi

text: and a very hot summer. The Emirate’s high summer (June to August) temperatures are associated with high relative humidity, especially in coastal areas. Abu Dhabi has warm winters with occasionally low temperatures. The air temperatures show variations between the coastal strip, the desert interior and areas of higher elevation, which together make up the topography of the Emirate. Abu Dhabi receives scant rainfall but totals vary greatly from year to year. Seasonal northerly winds blow across the country, helping to ameliorate the weather, when they are not laden with dust, in addition to the brief moisture laden south-easterly winds. The

title: Rabwah

text: Indian Monsoon which increases the precipitation in the month of June and July to above 80 mm. The winter season is from November to February where January is the coldest month in which temperatures may fall to the freezing point. The winters also bring fog which can reduce the visibility to dangerously low levels. The planned city was originally divided into following "Muhallas" (Boroughs): Later on, as the city expanded, these boroughs were split into sub-divisions. Also many new boroughs were established like Factory Area, Tahir Abad, Nasir Abad, Rahman Colony, Muslim Colony, Buyutul-Hamd, etc. Many neighborhoods have their own

title: Dubai

text: as the inside of each house. Some of the most popular and nicest beaches in Dubai are Umm Suqeim Beach, Al Mamzar Beach Park, JBR Open Beach, Kite Beach, Black Palace Beach and Royal Island Beach Club. Ski Dubai is a large indoor skiing facility at Mall of the Emirates, offering snowboarding, ski lessons, a children's play area and a café. It opened in November 2005 and houses the world's largest indoor snow park. It is operated by Majid Al Futtaim Leisure & Entertainment. On 2 November 2011, four cities had their bids for Expo 2020 already lodged, with Dubai

title: Sharqi (wind)

text: and for several days during the middle of the season. Sharqi (wind) The Sharqi or sharki is a wind in the Middle East that comes from the south and southeast. It is seasonal, lasting from April to early June, and comes again between late September and November. The winds are dry and dusty, with occasional gusts up to 80 kilometres per hour (50 miles per hour) and often kick up violent sand and dust storms that can carry sand a few thousand metres high, and can close down airports for short periods of time. These winds can last for a

title: Dubai bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics

text: in favour of the Dubai bid was its location - although this was also a major disadvantage (see below). There had never been a host country from South America (until Brazil have won it for 2016), Africa, Southern Asia or the Middle East, leading the International Olympic Committee to be eager to grant a city in one of these regions the chance to host the Games. However, they were more eager in granting it to poorer nations than the UAE. One main concern with the Dubai bid was the weather. During the summer, city temperatures can reach 45 degrees Celsius

title: Oman

text: all within the course of a year. The climate is generally very hot, with temperatures reaching around (peak) in the hot season, from May to September. On June 26, 2018 the city of Qurayyat, Oman set the record for highest minimum temperature in a 24-hour period, 42.6 °C (108.7 °F). Desert shrub and desert grass, common to southern Arabia, are found in Oman, but vegetation is sparse in the interior plateau, which is largely gravel desert. The greater monsoon rainfall in Dhofar and the mountains makes the growth there more luxuriant during summer; coconut palms grow plentifully in the coastal

title: Dubai

text: reclamation from the sea. Dubai lies directly within the Arabian Desert. However, the topography of Dubai is significantly different from that of the southern portion of the UAE in that much of Dubai's landscape is highlighted by sandy desert patterns, while gravel deserts dominate much of the southern region of the country. The sand consists mostly of crushed shell and coral and is fine, clean and white. East of the city, the salt-crusted coastal plains, known as "sabkha", give way to a north-south running line of dunes. Farther east, the dunes grow larger and are tinged red with iron oxide.

title: Dubai

text: within the proximity of the Western Al Hajar mountains. Several indigenous trees such as the date palm and neem as well as imported trees such as the eucalypts grow in Dubai's natural parks. The houbara bustard, striped hyena, caracal, desert fox, falcon and Arabian oryx are common in Dubai's desert. Dubai is on the migration path between Europe, Asia and Africa, and more than 320 migratory bird species pass through the emirate in spring and autumn. The waters of Dubai are home to more than 300 species of fish, including the hammour. The typical marine life off the Dubai coast

title: Muscat

text: "winters". Annual rainfall in Muscat is about 10 cm (4 in), falling mostly from December to April. In general precipitation is scarce in Muscat, with several months on average seeing only a trace of rainfall. However, in recent years, heavy precipitation events from tropical systems originating in the Arabian Sea have affected the city. Cyclone Gonu in June 2007 and Cyclone Phet in June 2010 affected the city with damaging winds and rainfall amounts exceeding 100 mm (4 in) in just a single day. The climate generally is very hot and also very humid in the summer, with temperatures frequently

title: Geography of Dubai

text: 320 migratory bird species pass through the emirate in spring and autumn. The waters of Dubai are home to more than 300 species of fish, including the hammour. The typical marine life off the Dubai coast includes tropical fish, jellyfish, coral, dugong, dolphins, whales and sharks. Various types of turtles can also be found in the area including the hawksbill turtle and green turtle which are listed as endangered species. Dubai Creek runs northeast-southwest through the city. The eastern section of the city forms the locality of Deira and is flanked by the emirate of Sharjah in the east and

title: Dubai bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics

text: (113 degrees Fahrenheit), a fact that would prove disastrous to competing athletes. However, this would be somewhat improved if the Games were to be held in the early Autumn. Also, in terms of sporting history, the UAE have had a very small presence of athletes in prior Olympics, having only ever won one medal. Dubai ultimately did not submit a bid by the September 2007 deadline. The nearby city of Doha, Qatar submitted a bid, possibly discouraging Dubai. Rio de Janeiro won the bid and hosted the 2016 Summer Olympics. Dubai bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics Dubai, a city

title: Climate of Dubai

long_answer: Dubai has a tropical desert climate, Köppen classification Bwh, because of its location within the Northern desert belt. Summers are extremely hot and humid, with an average high around 41 °C (106 °F) and overnight lows around 30 °C (86 °F). Most days are sunny throughout the year. Winters are warm and short with an average high of 23 °C (73 °F) and overnight lows of 14 °C (57 °F). Precipitation, however, has been increasing in the last few decades with accumulated rain reaching 150 mm (5.91 in) per year. The weather in Dubai can bring short and irregular rainfall as is typical for the Middle East. Most of the rainfall occurs in the December to March period. The weather between December and March remains warm and is considered to be the most comfortable climatic conditions of the year.


question: when did john hart play the lone ranger

answers: from 1952 until 1953

title: The Lone Ranger (TV series)

text: Silver gallop to a distinctive rock and Silver rears up on his hind legs. The rock seen next to Silver is known as Lone Ranger Rock and remains in place today on the site of the former movie ranch. When it came time to produce another batch of 52 episodes, there was a wage dispute with Clayton Moore (until his death, the actor insisted that the problem was creative differences), and John Hart was hired to play the role of the Lone Ranger. Once again, the 52 new episodes were aired in sequence followed by 52 weeks rerunning them. Despite

title: John Hart (actor)

text: Ranger" television series. Based on the assumption that the masked character, rather than the actor, was the true star of "The Lone Ranger," the program's producers fired Moore (presumably over salary differences) and replaced him with Hart, who was of a similar build and had a comparable background in Westerns. However, the public never truly accepted Hart as the Lone Ranger, and by 1954 the producers returned Moore to the role. According to Clayton Moore's autobiography "I Was That Masked Man," Moore never knew why he was replaced by Hart, and also stated that he had not sought a pay

title: John Hart (actor)

text: increase. Hart acted in minor roles in two episodes of "The Lone Ranger" before being asked to replace Clayton Moore for the entire third season. The episodes were "Rifles and Renegades" (#34) and "Sheriff at Gunstock" (#46). Hart continued to act in films for more than two decades, appearing in films of several genres, almost always in supporting roles. Hart appeared twice in on the TV series "I Love Lucy" as Lucy's old boyfriend and again in the Hollywood episodes as a lifeguard at the hotel pool. In 1955, Hart starred in "The Adventures of Captain Africa", which was originally

title: The Lone Ranger (TV series)

text: expectations that the mask would make the switch workable, Hart was not accepted in the role, and his episodes were not seen again until the 1980s. At the end of the fifth year of the television series, Trendle sold the Lone Ranger rights to Jack Wrather, who bought them on August 3, 1954. Wrather immediately rehired Clayton Moore to play the Lone Ranger, and another 52 episodes were produced. Once again, they were broadcast as a full year of new episodes followed by a full year of reruns. The final season saw a number of changes, including an episode count

title: John Hart (actor)

text: met actress Beryl Braithwaite when she played a role in an episode of the series; they married just days later, with "Hawkeye" co-star Lon Chaney, Jr., the best man at the wedding. In 1965 Hart made two brief appearances on the TV series "Perry Mason", including the role of title character and murder victim Jamison Selff in "The Case of the Wrathful Wraith." In the 1970 film "The Phynx", Hart played the Lone Ranger alongside Jay Silverheels as Tonto, spoofing their characters. Hart's last theatrical film appearance was in 1981's "The Legend of the Lone Ranger" in which he appeared

title: The Lone Ranger (TV series)

text: The Lone Ranger (TV series) The Lone Ranger is an American western drama television series that aired on the ABC Television network from 1949 to 1957, with Clayton Moore in the starring role. Jay Silverheels, a member of the Mohawk Aboriginal people in Canada, played The Lone Ranger's Indian companion Tonto. John Hart replaced Moore in the title role from 1952 to 1954 due to a contract dispute. Fred Foy, who had been both narrator and announcer of the radio series from 1948 until its ending, was the announcer. Gerald Mohr was originally employed as the narrator for the television

title: John Hart (actor)

text: as a newspaper editor. He appeared in the television series "Happy Days" as the Lone Ranger in the episode "Hi Yo, Fonzie Away" (February 9, 1982). In this episode Fonzie, played by Henry Winkler gets to meet his childhood hero, the Lone Ranger, for his birthday. Hart's other major late appearance was in an episode of "The Greatest American Hero", "My Heroes Have Always Been Cowboys", where Hart gives the title character an inspiring speech about heroism. Born in Los Angeles, Hart's mother was named Enid and he had a sister, Shari. Hart attended South Pasadena High School and later

title: The Lone Ranger (2003 film)

text: pilot for a new television series, starred Chad Michael Murray as the Lone Ranger (the name of the Ranger's secret identity was changed from "John Reid" to "Luke Hartman") and Nathaniel Arcand as his Native American companion Tonto. This version takes a look at the character in the years before he became a legend. It all begins with the introduction of Luke Hartman, a 20-year-old Boston law student who witnesses the murder of his brother, a Texas Ranger. He himself is wounded in the midst of the chaos, but is rescued by the Apache Tonto, and subsequently becomes smitten with

title: Lone Ranger

text: rights to the character, Wrather Corp., filed a lawsuit and obtained a court injunction to prevent Clayton Moore from appearing as the Lone Ranger, and then gave a cameo to his TV replacement, John Hart. The film itself was a critical and commercial failure. It starred Klinton Spilsbury in his only motion picture appearance. His lines were overdubbed by James Keach. The part of Tonto was played by Michael Horse, a Native American of Yaqui, Mescalero Apache, Zuni, and Latino descent. Moore, who never appeared publicly without his mask, was enjoined in the lawsuit from wearing it and, in protest,

title: Lone Ranger

text: character was played on the radio show by George Seaton, Earle Graser, and Brace Beemer. Clayton Moore portrayed the Lone Ranger on television, although during a contract dispute, Moore was replaced temporarily by John Hart, who wore a different style of mask. On the radio, Tonto was played by, among others, John Todd and Roland Parker; and in the television series, by Jay Silverheels, who was a Mohawk from the Six Nations Indian Reserve in Ontario, Canada. The Lone Ranger was so named because the character is the sole survivor of a group of six Texas Rangers. While details differ,

title: Gunfighters of the Northwest

text: on the same day, injuring a metatarsal in a fight scene, but he was able to walk and continue filming the next day. Moore had been the Lone Ranger in the television series until being replaced by John Hart in 1952. Hart was at that time dating female lead Phyllis Coates and visited the set. When Moore was injured, the production needed a double to stand in for him in a riding scene and Hart volunteered. Hart ended up doubling for Moore in several scenes in the serial. Gunfighters of the Northwest Gunfighters of the Northwest (1954) was the 53rd

title: Lone Ranger

text: the Lone Ranger. The TV movie served as the pilot for a possible new series. However, the movie was greeted unenthusiastically; the name of the secret identity of the Lone Ranger was changed from "John Reid" to "Luke Hartman", and while an empty grave was still alongside those of the five dead Rangers, its supposed occupant was unidentified, and the hero maintained his unmasked identity, as well, becoming a cowboy version of Zorro, as in the first film serial. Ultimately, the project was shelved, with the pilot aired in telefilm form during the summer season due to Murray's popularity with

title: The Lone Star Ranger (1930 film)

text: The Lone Star Ranger (1930 film) The Lone Star Ranger is a 1930 American western film directed by A.F. Erickson and written by Seton I. Miller and John Hunter Booth. The film stars George O'Brien, Sue Carol, Walter McGrail, Warren Hymer, Russell Simpson and Roy Stewart. It is based on the novel "The Lone Star Ranger" by Zane Grey. The film was released on January 5, 1930, by Fox Film Corporation. Parts of the film were shot in Monument Valley and Rainbow Bridge in Utah. This Zane Grey novel was adapted four or more times to film. Silent versions were

title: The Lone Ranger (2013 film)

text: was shaky, but adequate." The Lone Ranger (2013 film) The Lone Ranger is a 2013 American western action film directed by Gore Verbinski and written by Justin Haythe, Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio. Based on the radio series of the same name, the film stars Johnny Depp as Tonto, the narrator of the events and Armie Hammer as John Reid, the Lone Ranger. The film is told through Tonto's memories of the duo's earliest efforts to subdue local villainy and bring justice to the American Old West. William Fichtner, Barry Pepper, Ruth Wilson, James Badge Dale, Tom Wilkinson and Helena

title: John Hart (actor)

text: John Hart (December 13, 1917 – September 20, 2009), also credited as John Hilton was an American film and television actor. In his early career, Hart appeared mostly in Westerns. Although Hart played mostly minor roles in some fairly well known films, he was probably best known for having replaced Clayton Moore in 1952 in the television series, The Lone Ranger for one season from 1952 until 1953.

title: Earle Graser

text: 1933, then left the station. Graser was one of five actors who auditioned to take over the role of the Lone Ranger. Graser was chosen to play the part of The Lone Ranger, beginning April 16, 1933. Since this was during the days of live radio broadcasts, Graser had two understudies ready to play his part, but he never missed a performance. Three times a week, he was heard on 150 stations of the Mutual Network and on scores of independent radio stations. Each show was performed three times for live broadcasts to different time zones. Beginning in 1938, the

title: The Lone Ranger (2013 film)

text: The Lone Ranger (2013 film) The Lone Ranger is a 2013 American western action film directed by Gore Verbinski and written by Justin Haythe, Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio. Based on the radio series of the same name, the film stars Johnny Depp as Tonto, the narrator of the events and Armie Hammer as John Reid, the Lone Ranger. The film is told through Tonto's memories of the duo's earliest efforts to subdue local villainy and bring justice to the American Old West. William Fichtner, Barry Pepper, Ruth Wilson, James Badge Dale, Tom Wilkinson and Helena Bonham Carter also are

title: Lone Star Ranger

text: Lone Star Ranger Lone Star Ranger is a 1942 American Western film directed by James Tinling and written by William Conselman Jr., Irving Cummings Jr. and George Kane. The film stars John Kimbrough, Sheila Ryan, Jonathan Hale, William Farnum, Truman Bradley and George E. Stone. The film was released on March 20, 1942, by 20th Century Fox. It was the fourth and final film adaptation of the novel of the same name by Zane Grey. William Farnum had appeared in the first adaptation of the novel, a 1919 silent film of the same name. In that version he had starred

title: Lone Ranger

text: Robert Livingston. Tonto was played in both by Victor Daniels, billed as Chief Thundercloud. "The Lone Ranger" was a TV show that aired for eight seasons, from 1949 to 1957, and starred Clayton Moore as the Lone Ranger and Jay Silverheels as Tonto. Only five of the eight seasons had new episodes. It was the ABC television network's first big hit of the early 1950s. Moore's tenure as the Ranger is probably the best-known treatment of the franchise. Moore was replaced in the third season by John Hart, but he returned for the final two seasons. The fifth and final

title: The Lone Star Ranger (1930 film)

text: released in 1919 and 1923. The version released in 1930 was tagged as "Zane Grey's first all talking picture". The fourth adaptation was released in 1942. The Lone Star Ranger (1930 film) The Lone Star Ranger is a 1930 American western film directed by A.F. Erickson and written by Seton I. Miller and John Hunter Booth. The film stars George O'Brien, Sue Carol, Walter McGrail, Warren Hymer, Russell Simpson and Roy Stewart. It is based on the novel "The Lone Star Ranger" by Zane Grey. The film was released on January 5, 1930, by Fox Film Corporation. Parts of the

title: The Lone Ranger (1956 film)

text: The Lone Ranger (1956 film) The Lone Ranger is a 1956 Western film based on "The Lone Ranger" television series, starring Clayton Moore and Jay Silverheels. "The Lone Ranger" was the first of two theatrical features based on the popular TV series of the same name; the other one being "The Lone Ranger and the Lost City of Gold" (1958), which was Bonita Granville's last film appearance. She retired from the screen to marry Jack Wrather. Set in the American Southwest, the territorial governor enlists the help of the Lone Ranger to investigate mysterious raids on white settlers by Indians

title: Clayton Moore

text: Moore and co-star Jay Silverheels made history as the stars of the first Western written specifically for television. "The Lone Ranger" soon became the highest-rated program to that point on the fledgling ABC network and its first true hit. It earned an Emmy Award nomination in 1950. Moore was replaced in the third season by John Hart, reportedly due to a contract dispute, but he returned for the final two seasons. Moore later said he received no explanation from the producers as to why he was replaced or why he was rehired. The fourth season of "The Lone Ranger" was

title: Lone Star Ranger

text: in the leading role, which was named "Steele", who avenged the murder of Major McNeil, which is the role he plays in this film. Lone Star Ranger Lone Star Ranger is a 1942 American Western film directed by James Tinling and written by William Conselman Jr., Irving Cummings Jr. and George Kane. The film stars John Kimbrough, Sheila Ryan, Jonathan Hale, William Farnum, Truman Bradley and George E. Stone. The film was released on March 20, 1942, by 20th Century Fox. It was the fourth and final film adaptation of the novel of the same name by Zane Grey. William

title: The Legend of the Lone Ranger

text: commercial failure, and Spilsbury has never appeared in any films since. The outlaw Butch Cavendish (Christopher Lloyd) ambushes a party of Texas Rangers, killing all except John Reid (Klinton Spilsbury) who is rescued by his old childhood Comanche friend, Tonto (Michael Horse). When he recovers from his wounds, he dedicates his life to fighting the crime that Cavendish represents. To this end, John becomes the great masked western hero, The Lone Ranger. With the help of Tonto, the pair go to rescue President Grant (Jason Robards) when Cavendish takes him hostage. Many attempts had been made to create a Lone

title: The Lone Star Ranger (1919 film)

text: The Lone Star Ranger (1919 film) The Lone Star Ranger is a lost 1919 silent film western based on the 1915 novel by Zane Grey and stars William Farnum. The film was directed by J. Gordon Edwards and produced and distributed by Fox Film Corporation. Portions of the film were shot in Palm Springs, California. Just 3 years after the release of the film Fox dusted off the script and refilmed the story with Tom Mix. As described in a film magazine, Cyrus Longstreth (Clary), Bully Brome (Nye), and Jeff Lawson (Johnstone), a trio of unprincipled cattlemen, have defied law

title: Lone Ranger

text: set. The name John Reid is used in a scene in the 1981 film "The Legend of the Lone Ranger", in which the surviving Reid digs an extra grave for himself. The Lone Ranger is also John Reid in Dynamite Entertainment's licensed Lone Ranger comic book series that began in 2006 and in the 2013 Disney film "The Lone Ranger". The name "Luke Hartman" was used in the 2003 TV-movie/unsold series pilot. The character made his initial appearance in the 11th episode of the radio show. Fran Striker told his son that Tonto was added so the Lone Ranger would

title: The Legend of the Lone Ranger

text: 1978, Jack Wrather and Bonita Granville had gained the legal rights to the Lone Ranger character and were planning to shoot a feature film with a new actor to replace the 65-year-old Clayton Moore. Wrather anticipated making a new film version of the story, and he did not want the value of the character being undercut by Moore's appearances at county and state fairs and entertaining children in hospitals. Also, he did not want audiences to believe that the aging Moore would reprise his role as the Lone Ranger. The producers obtained a court injunction barring Moore from appearing in

title: George Seaton

text: but instead auditioned for Jesse Bonstelle's drama school in Detroit. She hired him for her stock company at $15 a week. Seaton worked in stock and on radio. He worked as an actor on radio station WXYZ. John L. Barrett played The Lone Ranger on test broadcasts of the series in early January 1933, but when the program became part of the regular schedule Seaton was cast in the title role. In later years, he claimed to have devised the cry "Hi-yo, Silver" because he couldn't whistle for his horse as the script required. Seaton also wrote several plays, one

title: Lone Ranger

text: he began wearing oversized sunglasses that were the approximate size and shape of the mask. In a sequence in the movie, John Reid, a newly graduated attorney, is travelling west in a stagecoach to meet his brother. Another passenger announces his intent to make his fortune from his invention of sunglasses. The stage is robbed and the inventor killed. As John Reid lays the dead man on the floor with the broken dark glasses, yet another passenger says, "So much for American opportunity." In 2003, the WB network aired a two-hour Lone Ranger TV movie, starring Chad Michael Murray as

title: Johnny Crawford

text: a live NBC broadcast on March 15, 1956. He also appeared in the popular Western series "The Lone Ranger", in 1956, in one of the few color episodes of that series. Following that performance, the young actor worked steadily with many seasoned actors and directors. Freelancing for 2 1/2 years, he accumulated almost 60 television credits, including featured roles in three episodes of NBC's "The Loretta Young Show" and an appearance as Manuel in, "I Am an American", an episode of the syndicated crime drama "Sheriff of Cochise". By the spring of 1958, he had also performed 14 demanding roles

title: John Hart (actor)


question: published a treatise on perspective della pitture (or on painting) in 1435

answers: Leon Battista Alberti

title: History of geometry

text: pictura" (1435/1436), a treatise on proper methods of showing distance in painting based on Euclidean geometry. Alberti was also trained in the science of optics through the school of Padua and under the influence of Biagio Pelacani da Parma who studied Alhazen's "Optics'. Piero della Francesca elaborated on Della Pittura in his "De Prospectiva Pingendi" in the 1470s. Alberti had limited himself to figures on the ground plane and giving an overall basis for perspective. Della Francesca fleshed it out, explicitly covering solids in any area of the picture plane. Della Francesca also started the now common practice of using

title: Paolo Uccello

text: Paolo Uccello Paolo Uccello (; 1397 – 10 December 1475), born Paolo di Dono, was an Italian painter and mathematician who was notable for his pioneering work on visual perspective in art. In his book "Lives of the Artists" Giorgio Vasari wrote that Uccello was obsessed by his interest in perspective and would stay up all night in his study trying to grasp the exact vanishing point. While his contemporaries used perspective to narrate different or succeeding stories, Uccello used perspective to create a feeling of depth in his paintings. His best known works are the three paintings representing the

title: Mathematics and art

text: Masaccio's painting of the Holy Trinity shows his principles at work. The Italian painter Paolo Uccello (1397–1475) was fascinated by perspective, as shown in his paintings of "The Battle of San Romano" (c. 1435–1460): broken lances lie conveniently along perspective lines. The painter Piero della Francesca (c.1415–1492) exemplified this new shift in Italian Renaissance thinking. He was an expert mathematician and geometer, writing books on solid geometry and perspective, including "De Prospectiva Pingendi (On Perspective for Painting)", "Trattato d'Abaco (Abacus Treatise)", and "De corporibus regularibus (On Regular Solids)". The historian Vasari in his "Lives of the Painters" calls Piero the

title: Lorenzo Ghiberti

text: time that Paolo began his lifelong friendship with Donatello. In about 1413 one of Ghiberti's contemporaries, Filippo Brunelleschi, demonstrated the geometrical method of perspective used today by artists, by painting the outlines of various Florentine buildings onto a mirror. When the building's outline was continued, he noticed that all of the lines converged on the horizon line. Recent scholarship indicates that in his work on perspective, Ghiberti was influenced by the Arab polymath Alhazen who had written about the optical basis of perspective in the early 11th century. His "Book of Optics" was translated into Italian in the 14th century

title: De Prospectiva Pingendi

text: De Prospectiva Pingendi De Prospectiva pingendi (On the Perspective of painting) is the earliest and only pre–1500 Renaissance treatise solely devoted to the subject of perspective. It was written by the Italian master Piero della Francesca late in his career but possibly by c. 1474. Despite its Latin title, the opus is written in Italian. The subjects covered by Piero della Francesca in these writings include arithmetic, algebra, geometry and innovative work in both solid geometry and perspective. The script consists of three parts: "De Prospectiva Pingendi" was probably created in the years between 1474 until 1482. The writings were

title: Perspective (graphical)

text: without a basis in a systematic theory. Byzantine art was also aware of these principles, but also had the reverse perspective convention for the setting of principal figures. In about 1413 a contemporary of Ghiberti, Filippo Brunelleschi, demonstrated the geometrical method of perspective, used today by artists, by painting the outlines of various Florentine buildings onto a mirror. When the building's outline was continued, he noticed that all of the lines converged on the horizon line. According to Vasari, he then set up a demonstration of his painting of the Baptistery in the incomplete doorway of the Duomo. He had

title: Giovanni Nicolò Miretto

text: 74 more scenes by 1440. Giovanni Nicolò Miretto Giovanni Nicolò Miretto (active 1423 to circa 1440) was an Italian painter active in Padua, region of the Veneto. Little is known of his biography. He frescoed the inside of the Palazzo della Ragione, Padua. The building had originally been frescoed in 1306–1309 by Giotto and followers, but these works were lost during a fire that broke out on 2 February 1420. The building was reconstructed and frescoed by Nicolò Miretto and assistants. They completed more than 244 scenes depicting the professions of the times, and astrological influences. Circa 1430, Stefano da

title: Masaccio

text: The name may have been created to distinguish him from his principal collaborator, also called Maso, who came to be known as Masolino ("little/delicate Tom"). Despite his brief career, he had a profound influence on other artists and is considered to have started the Early Italian Renaissance in painting with his works in the mid- and late-1420s. He was one of the first to use linear perspective in his painting, employing techniques such as vanishing point in art for the first time. He moved away from the International Gothic style and elaborate ornamentation of artists like Gentile da Fabriano to

title: Antonello da Messina

text: follower, Petrus Christus, in Milan in early 1456. It appears likely that Antonello di Sicilia was in fact Antonello da Messina as this would explain why Messina was one of the first Italians to master Eyckian oil painting, and Christus was the first Netherlandish painter to learn Italian linear perspective. Messina's paintings after that date show an observation of almost microscopic detail and of minute gradations of light on reflecting or light absorbent objects that is very close to the style of the Netherlandish masters, suggesting Messina had personal instruction from Christus. As well, his works' calmer expressions on peoples'

title: Olivuccio di Ciccarello

text: Olivuccio di Ciccarello Olivuccio Ceccarello di Ciccarello (died 1439) was an Italian painter. Little is known of his life. He was a native of Camerino and was active from 1388 until his death. In 2002 works formerly attributed to an obscure painter named Carlo da Camerino were re-attributed to Olivuccio di Ciccarello as it had become clear Carlo da Camerino had never existed. He worked at Ancona, where he was the most important painter of the gothic painting school. His works have undergone a remarkable dispersion, and are now exhibited in museums in various countries: in Italy: (Ancona, Macerata Feltria,

title: Renaissance art

text: forward in the paintings of Fra Angelico, particularly in his frescos at the Convent of San Marco in Florence. The treatment of the elements of perspective and light in painting was of particular concern to 15th-century Florentine painters. Uccello was so obsessed with trying to achieve an appearance of perspective that, according to Vasari, it disturbed his sleep. His solutions can be seen in his masterpiece set of three paintings, the Battle of San Romano which is believed to have been completed by 1460. Piero della Francesca made systematic and scientific studies of both light and linear perspective, the results

title: Masolino da Panicale

text: Masolino da Panicale Masolino da Panicale (nickname of Tommaso di Cristoforo Fini; c. 1383 – c. 1447) was an Italian painter. His best known works are probably his collaborations with Masaccio: "Madonna with Child and St. Anne" (1424) and the frescoes in the Brancacci Chapel (1424–1428). Masolino ("Little Tom") was possibly born in Panicale near Florence. He may have been an assistant to Ghiberti in Florence between 1403 and 1407. In 1423, he joined the Florentine guild "Arte dei Medici e Speziali" (Doctors and Apothecaries), which included painters as an independent branch. He may have been the first artist to

title: Leon Battista Alberti

text: burgeoning pictorial art in Florence in the early 15th century. In this work he analyses the nature of painting and explores the elements of perspective, composition and colour. In 1438 he began to focus more on architecture and was encouraged by the Marchese Leonello d'Este of Ferrara, for whom he built a small triumphal arch to support an equestrian statue of Leonello's father. In 1447 he became the architectural advisor to Pope Nicholas V and was involved with several projects at the Vatican. His first major architectural commission was in 1446 for the facade of the Rucellai Palace in Florence.

title: Mathematics and art

text: in his 1435 "De pictura": "light rays travel in straight lines from points in the observed scene to the eye, forming a kind of pyramid with the eye as vertex." A painting constructed with linear perspective is a cross-section of that pyramid. In "De Prospectiva Pingendi", Piero transforms his empirical observations of the way aspects of a figure change with point of view into mathematical proofs. His treatise starts in the vein of Euclid: he defines the point as "the tiniest thing that is possible for the eye to comprehend". He uses deductive logic to lead the reader to the

title: De pictura

text: De pictura (English: "On Painting") is a treatise written by the Italian architect and art theorist Leon Battista Alberti.  The first version, written in vernacular Italian in 1435 under the title Della pittura, was for a general audience. The Latin version, the De pictura of 1439–41, was more technical and intended for scholars. The work is the first in a trilogy of treatises on the "Major arts" which had a widespread circulation during the Renaissance, the others being De re aedificatoria ("On Architecture", 1454) and De statua ("On Sculpture", 1462).

title: Fra Carnevale

text: 1445 "as a pupil not an apprentice which implies his early training was in the Marshes, possibly under the monk Jacopo Veneto; however another document connects him with Antonio Alberti." Lippi was recognized as “a crucible for artistic experiments by ‘the 1425 generation.’” Returning to Urbino, at this time he began an architectural project and brought artists from Florence such as Maso di Bartolomeo and Luca della Robbia. His facial types and technique for articulating drapery folds are recognized from Piero della Francesca. Although his paintings are widely seen as perspectively inaccurate, he uses the motif of architectural backgrounds to

title: Pietro Perugino

text: Lorenzo di Credi, Filippino Lippi and others. Piero della Francesca is thought to have taught him perspective form. In 1472, he must have completed his apprenticeship since he was enrolled as a master in the Confraternity of St Luke. Pietro, although very talented, was not extremely enthusiastic about his work. Perugino was one of the earliest Italian practitioners of oil painting. Some of his early works were extensive frescoes for the convent of the Ingessati fathers, destroyed during the Siege of Florence; he produced for them also many cartoons, which they executed with brilliant effect in stained glass. A good

title: Piero della Francesca

text: d'Abaco)", "Short Book on the Five Regular Solids (Libellus de Quinque Corporibus Regularibus)" and "On Perspective for Painting" ("De Prospectiva Pingendi"). The subjects covered in these writings include arithmetic, algebra, geometry and innovative work in both solid geometry and perspective. Much of Piero’s work was later absorbed into the writing of others, notably Luca Pacioli. Piero’s work on solid geometry appears in Pacioli’s "De divina proportione", a work illustrated by Leonardo da Vinci. Biographers of his patron, Federico da Montefeltro of Urbino, record that he was encouraged to pursue the interest in perspective which was shared by the Duke. In

title: Donato de' Bardi

text: Donato de' Bardi Donato Conte de' Bardi (Active 1426– died 1450/1451) was an Italian painter of the Quattrocento period. He was born in Pavia. He is cited as a painter in Genoa in 1426. In 1433, he painted an altarpiece of the "Crucifixion with the Magdalen and Saints" for the Cathedral. Another "Crucifixion with Saints" was painted for the Ospedale di San Paolo in Savona. A Maesta was completed after his death by Giovanni Giorgio in 1451. His work shows some Flemish influences. His brother Boniforte was also a painter. He trained in the workshops of international Gothic in Lombardy,

title: Italian art

text: the early 15th century. They included the painter Masaccio, the sculptor Donatello, and the architect Filippo Brunelleschi. Masaccio's finest work was a series of frescoes he painted about 1427 in the Brancacci Chapel of the Church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence. The frescoes realistically show Biblical scenes of emotional intensity. In these paintings, Masaccio utilized Brunelleschi's system for achieving linear perspective. In his sculptures, Donatello tried to portray the dignity of the human body in realistic and often dramatic detail. His masterpieces include three statues of the Biblical hero David. In a version finished in the 1430s, Donatello

title: Niccolò di Pietro

text: Niccolò di Pietro Niccolò di Pietro, also Niccolo di Pietro Veneziano, Niccolo Paradiso, (active late 14th century-early 15th century) was a Sienese School painter of Medieval art. The date of his birth and death are unknown. In the archival documents and in inscriptions on paintings of his name can be traced from 1394 to 1430: in 1394 his name appeared on the first available date of the picture, in 1430, referred to the last time the document associated with the wedding of his daughter Antonia. For some of his work the artist signed "Nicolo Paradiso", indicating that he lived in

title: Bartolomeo di Tommaso

text: asked him to come to Rome and work in various projects. He painted a "Virgin and Saints" in 1430 for the church of San Salvatore at Foligno. Bartolomeo di Tommaso Bartolomeo di Tommaso, also known as Bartolomeo da Foligno (born in Foligno, c. 1400, active by 1425, died 1453/54) was an Italian painter of the Umbro-Sienese school. He was in Ancona from 1425 to 1442, when he returned to Foligno with his wife, Onofria, the sister of the painter Pierantonio Mezzastris. Bartolomeo was documented in Norcia in 1442, at work in the choir of Sant’ Agostino with a group of

title: Gentile da Fabriano

text: for a church in Perugia. From 1410–1412 is one of his first masterworks, the Valle Romita Polyptych (now at the Pinacoteca di Brera). In 1410–1411 he was at Foligno, where he frescoed the Palazzo Trinci. In 1414 he moved to Brescia, at the service of Pandolfo III Malatesta, and painted the Broletto Chapel, a work now mostly lost. In the Spring 1420 he was again in Fabriano. On 6 August 1420 he was in Florence, where he painted his famous altarpiece depicting the "Adoration of the Magi" (1423), now in the Uffizi and regarded as one of the masterpieces of

title: Science and inventions of Leonardo da Vinci

text: what is flat appear in relief and what is in relief flat. During the early 15th century, both Brunelleschi and Alberti made studies of linear perspective. In 1436 Alberti published ""della Pittura"" ("On Painting"), which includes his findings on linear perspective. Piero della Francesca carried his work forward and by the 1470s a number of artists were able to produce works of art that demonstrated a full understanding of the principles of linear perspective. Leonardo studied linear perspective and employed it in his earlier paintings. His use of perspective in the two Annunciations is daring, as he uses various features

title: Leon Battista Alberti

text: things with which my subject is concerned." "Della pittura" (also known in Latin as "De Pictura") relied in its scientific content on classical optics in determining perspective as a geometric instrument of artistic and architectural representation. Alberti was well-versed in the sciences of his age. His knowledge of optics was connected to the handed-down long-standing tradition of the "Kitab al-manazir" ("The Optics"; "De aspectibus") of the Arab polymath Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham, d. c. 1041), which was mediated by Franciscan optical workshops of the 13th-century "Perspectivae" traditions of scholars such as Roger Bacon, John Peckham and Witelo (similar influences are also

title: Giovanni Nicolò Miretto

text: Giovanni Nicolò Miretto Giovanni Nicolò Miretto (active 1423 to circa 1440) was an Italian painter active in Padua, region of the Veneto. Little is known of his biography. He frescoed the inside of the Palazzo della Ragione, Padua. The building had originally been frescoed in 1306–1309 by Giotto and followers, but these works were lost during a fire that broke out on 2 February 1420. The building was reconstructed and frescoed by Nicolò Miretto and assistants. They completed more than 244 scenes depicting the professions of the times, and astrological influences. Circa 1430, Stefano da Ferrara joined the effort, painting

title: Perspective (graphical)

text: covering solids in any area of the picture plane. Della Francesca also started the now common practice of using illustrated figures to explain the mathematical concepts, making his treatise easier to understand than Alberti's. Della Francesca was also the first to accurately draw the Platonic solids as they would appear in perspective. Luca Pacioli's 1509 "De divina proportione" ("On Divine Proportion"), illustrated by Leonardo da Vinci, summarized the use of perspective in painting. Perspective remained, for a while, the domain of Florence. Jan van Eyck, among others, was unable to create a consistent structure for the converging lines in paintings,

title: Jacopo Dondi dell'Orologio

text: et Arabas" (1553), together with "De fontibus calidis agri Patavini consideratio" by his son Giovanni. Dondi's treatise on the tides, "De fluxu atque refluxu maris", probably dates from between 1355 and 1359. It was frequently cited in the 14th and 15th centuries; the "De fluxu ac refluxu maris subtilis et erudita disputatio" of Federico Delfino (1559) plagiarises it, as does the anonymous 16th-century manuscript "Questio de estu sive de fluxu et refluxu maris per sex horas" in the Biblioteca Casanatense of Rome. Dondi is credited with having painted the first topographic map of the territory of Padua. Now lost, it

title: Perspective (graphical)

text: lines converged approximately to a vanishing point, and the rate at which the horizontal lines receded into the distance was graphically determined. This became an integral part of Quattrocento art. Melozzo da Forlì first used the technique of upward foreshortening (in Rome, Loreto, Forlì and others), and was celebrated for that. Not only was perspective a way of showing depth, it was also a new method of composing a painting. Paintings began to show a single, unified scene, rather than a combination of several. As shown by the quick proliferation of accurate perspective paintings in Florence, Brunelleschi likely understood (with

title: Bartolomeo di Fruosino

text: Bartolomeo di Fruosino Bartolomeo di Fruosino (1366 or 1369 – 7 December 1441) was an Italian painter and illuminator of the Florentine School and Renaissance art. Bartolomeo was born, and lived and worked his whole life in Florence. Part of the indecision about his age and birth year comes from differing statements he had made: in 1427 he gave 61, and 64 in 1433. His brother, Giovanni, was a sculptor and possibly a painter as well. Bartolomeo was enrolled in the Guild of Saint Luke of Florence with Agnolo Gaddi since 1394, and worked on the design of the Cappella

title: De pictura


question: who sings you're welcome in moana credits

answers: Dwayne Johnson

answers: Lin-Manuel Miranda

answers: Jordan Fisher

title: Moana (soundtrack)

text: also developing and starring in the Broadway musical "Hamilton", which meant he was able to recruit "Hamilton" stars Phillipa Soo, Christopher Jackson, and Renée Elise Goldsberry as well as "In The Heights" star Marcy Harriell to help him record demos of his songs. The songs feature Foa'i's New Zealand-based vocal group Te Vaka, as well as a choir from Fiji. The soundtrack contains seven original songs, two reprises, and two end-credits versions of songs from the film. Mancina composed the score and produced both the score and the songs. In addition to guitars and strings, the score features Polynesian vocals

title: Moana (singer)

text: 2nd place in the World category at the International Songwriting Contest. Moana is one half of an award-winning film-making team led by her partner and band member Toby Mills. Their documentary work includes "Guarding the Family Silver", which screened in the National Geographic All Roads Film Festival and "The Russians are Coming", which played at the Sydney Opera House during the Message Sticks Indigenous Film Festival in 2012. She is also a regular writer for the Maori and Pacific online weekly newspaper "e-tangata". Moana (singer) Moana Maree Maniapoto MNZM (born 22 June 1961) is a New Zealand singer, songwriter and

title: Moana (soundtrack)

text: "You're Welcome" peaked at number 83 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 for the week of December 17, 2016. The soundtrack also features Jemaine Clement, who voices the coconut crab Tamatoa. The album sold 509,000 copies in the United States by April 2017, making it the third soundtrack to surpass a half-million in sales that year after "Suicide Squad" and "Trolls". "Moana" sold 709,000 copies and earned 1,254,000 album-equivalents, finishing as the country's fifth best-selling album of the year and had its ninth largest overall album consumption. Pable Ruiz of Rotascopers said "After the enormous success of "Frozen", with its Broadway-type

title: Moana (singer)

text: in June 2009. Moana & the Tribe launched songs from their 5th album "Rima" in 2014 at Womad NZ, in a performance described in the "NZ Herald" as "the most powerful, enjoyable and important act on the mainstage at this years Womad in Taranaki." In 2014, Moana and her band formed the Boomerang Collaboration with Scottish band Breabach, Shellie Morris, Casey Donovan and Djakapurra, playing concerts at Womad NZ, Sydney Opera House and HebCelt (Scotland). "Rima" was a finalist at the 2015 Vodafone NZ Music Awards and the song "Upokohue" was a finalist in the APRA Maioha Award. It won

title: Moana (singer)

text: Moana (singer) Moana Maree Maniapoto MNZM (born 22 June 1961) is a New Zealand singer, songwriter and documentary maker. Widely considered as one of New Zealand's most successful indigenous acts, her music is described as a fusion of traditional Māori haka, chants and taonga puoro, with contemporary soul, reggae and classical styles. In 2016, Moana was inducted into the New Zealand Music Hall of Fame. Maniapoto was born in Invercargill, New Zealand and attended St Joseph's Māori Girls' College in Napier. She is said to have paid her way through law school by singing covers in the highly competitive Auckland

title: Mahara McKay

text: (Universal Music 2001) 2003: "Moana II - My selection" (Universal Music 2003) 2004: "More Moana Dreams" (TBA Music 2004) Written & composed/produced 2005: "One Life," Sampler "Café del Mar Vol. 12" 2005: "Feel Free," Sampler "La Maison de l'Elephant Vol. 3" 2005: "Feel Free," Sampler "Bolero Lifestyle Club" 2006: "Waterlove," "SoundOasis List Vol. 1" 2007: "Soulsmooth," Sampler "Café del Mar Vol. 14" 2009: "He's Looking At You", "Science Fiction Jazz Vol. 12" 2010: "Trust Me", EVE of the "Cardinal Summer Session CD" 2010: "Ko Tahi Te Oranga", EVE of the "Cardinal Summer Session CD" 2010: "Shake It", EVE "Cardinal Summer

title: Moana (singer)

text: club circuit. In 1987, Moana released "Kua Makona", as part of an effort to promote moderation to young Maori. The song was produced by Maui Dalvanius Prime and featured in the RIANZ Top 50 singles chart. Moana was briefly married to New Zealand politician and radio personality Willie Jackson, during which time she was known as Moana Maniapoto-Jackson; they divorced in 2001. In 2002, Moana formed the band Moana and the Tribe which consisted of a large group of musicians and performers with a passion for Maori culture. Since their formation, the band has performed hundreds of international concerts, cementing

title: Moana (soundtrack)

text: songs written by the married duo of Robert and Kristen Anderson-Lopez, Disney decided to repeat the formula" [and use a Broadway star for the recording]. The Deluxe version includes demo songs and songs which were cut from the movie's theatric version. At the 74th Golden Globe Awards, "How Far I'll Go" was nominated for Best Original Song. It also received a nomination for Best Original Song at the 89th Academy Awards. Moana (soundtrack) Moana: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the 2016 Disney animated film "Moana". The soundtrack was released by Walt Disney Records on November 19, 2016.

title: Moana (singer)

text: a Life Time Recipient of the Toi Iho Māori Made Mark and received the 2005 Te Tohu Mahi Hou a Te Waka Toi Award from Te Waka Toi (Creative N.Z.), in recognition of her outstanding leadership and contribution to the development of new directions in Māori art. Moana received a Music Industry Award at the Maori Waiata 2008 Awards, also for her positive contribution to Māori Music. Moana released her fourth album "Wha" in May 2008. She toured in 2008 and 2009 Germany, Australia, Netherlands, Turkey, New Zealand and performed at the opening of the Biennale in Venice / Italy

title: Dinah Jane

text: then-upcoming animated film "Moana;" the role eventually went to Auliʻi Cravalho. Fuse's website included Hansen on an article of the faces of future Asian and Pacific history, naming the most promising entertainers of the region in 2017. She was featured in RedOne's song "Boom Boom" along with Daddy Yankee and French Montana. She sang the Tongan national anthem "Ko e fasi 'o e tu'i 'o e 'Otu Tonga" on November 24, 2017 at the 2017 Rugby League World Cup semi-final game. Hansen released a Christmas medley with singer Leona Lewis. Hansen collaborated with Ty Dolla Sign and Marc E. Bassy

title: Moana (2016 film)

text: dubbing of the movie was announced, premiering in Auckland on September 11, with 30 theatres screening it for free as part of Māori Language Week. Rachel House, Jemaine Clement, Temuera Morrison, and Oscar Kightley reprised their respective roles in this version, directed by Rachel House herself. In November 2017, a Hawaiian-language dubbing was announced to be under way, with Auli'i Cravalho reprising her role as Moana. The movie premiered on June 10, 2018. On October 20, 2014, Walt Disney Pictures announced that it would be releasing the film in late 2016, and hinted that it might be the November 23,

title: Moana (2016 film)

text: Along with "Zootopia", it marked the first time since 2002 that Walt Disney Animation Studios released two feature films in the same year. It received two Academy Award nominations at the 89th Academy Awards: one for Best Animated Feature and another for Best Original Song ("How Far I'll Go"). On the Polynesian island of Motunui, the inhabitants worship the goddess Te Fiti, who brought life to the ocean, using a pounamu stone as her heart and the source of her power. Maui, the shapeshifting demigod and master of sailing, steals the heart to give humanity the power of creation. However,

title: Moana (singer)

text: their reputation as one of the most successful indigenous bands to emerge from New Zealand. Prior to 2002, Moana’s former band, Moana & the Moahunters released two albums, "Tahi" and "Rua". Their song "Black Pearl" reached no. 2 on the national charts in 1991, earning Moana her first gold. Moana won the grand prize at the 2003 International Songwriting Competition with her song "Moko". Moana has been described as ‘music of great depth and beauty’ ("New Zealand Herald", 2003). In the 2004 Queen's Birthday Honours List, Moana was appointed Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit. She is also

title: Teremoana Rapley

text: hop and pop trio Moana and the Moahunters. The group released two albums, "Tahi" and "Rua" and had chart success with many singles, including "Black Pearl", "A.E.I.O.U." and "Peace, Love & Family". Teremoana's work with Moana and the Moahunters saw her awarded Most Promising Female Vocalist at the 1992 New Zealand Music Awards. In the 1990s Teremoana also provided guest vocals on tracks from other artists, including "Sitting by the Telephone" by Unitone Hi Fi, "Body Rhymes (Protect Yourself)" by MC OJ and Rhythm Slave, "Horified One" by Dam Native and "In Summer" by David Parker. In 1995 Teremoana turned

title: Moana (soundtrack)

text: Lin-Manuel Miranda and Jordan Fisher sing a duet on "You're Welcome", which plays over the end credits.  The song as performed by Dwayne Johnson appears in the film. Johnson's version of "You're Welcome" peaked at number 83 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the week of December 17, 2016. The soundtrack also features Jemaine Clement, who voices the coconut crab Tamatoa.

title: Moana and the Moahunters

text: which not only showed the increasing localization of rap in New Zealand, but was used to attempt to appeal to the Maori youth to encourage them to study their own culture and not simply blend into the growing global culture. The song was nominated for several awards in 1991 and again in 1995, after it was remixed. They released two full-length albums in the 1990s, after which they were invited to play international festivals such as the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival and the Womadelaide in Australia. Their second album was titled Rua and also combined pop, hip-hop and

title: Nukukehe

text: the 2016 Walt Disney Pictures film "Moana". Tracks 4,7,8,9,10,11 were written by Opetaia Foa'i. All other tracks were written by Opetaia Foa'i and Malcolm Smith with the exception of the very beginning of track 14 which is a traditional song. Nukukehe was nominated for "Best Roots Album" in the New Zealand music awards. It was also nominated for Audience Choice and Asia Pacific category in the BBC 3 World music awards. Nukukehe Nukukehe, released in 2002, is the third album by the Oceanic group, Te Vaka. This album is dedicated to Greenpeace and all the other environmental groups around the

title: Elizabeth Wolfgramm

text: Later, alongside sister Moana, she wrote a few songs for the compilation "Return with Honor: 1995 EFY (Especially for Youth)" released by Embryo Records. That same year, she teamed up with Marie Osmond's husband, Record Producer Brian Blosil to record a solo album through Treble V, though the album was never released. She reunited with Moana in 1997 to record the song "Do" (also featuring younger sister Jennifer) featured in the "Be a Builder" songbook and companion CD (Vol. 3) "Sticks & Stones" for the Utah Prevention/Dimension (PK-12) Prevention Program. In 2002, she recorded the song "Faithful" featured on ""

title: How Far I'll Go

text: Molloy from Thailand, Ayda Jebat from Malaysia and Trần Minh Như from Vietnam. Shortly thereafter, a 24-languages video was released on Disney's Vevo channel. In June 2017, a Māori-language version of the movie, featuring four voice-actors from the original English cast, was announced. Three weeks later, New Zealander Jaedyn Randell was introduced as Moana's singing voice. The movie was released in September 2017. In the same year, Shruti Rane (Hindi) reprised her role in the Bengali-language version of the movie. In November 2017, a Hawaiian-language dubbing was announced to be under way, with Auliʻi Cravalho reprising her role as Moana.

title: Auliʻi Cravalho

text: 15, 2018 due to low ratings. In November 2017, Cravalho announced she was going to reprise her role as Moana in the first ever Hawaiian-language dubbed Disney movie. The dubbed "Moana" premiered on June 10, 2018. Auliʻi Cravalho Aulii Cravalho (; born November 22, 2000) is an American actress, singer and musician who made her acting debut as the title character in the 2016 film "Moana". In 2018, Cravalho made her television debut starring as Lilette Suarez in the NBC drama series "Rise". Cravalho was born in Kohala, Hawaii. She is of Native Hawaiian, Puerto Rican, Irish, Portuguese and Chinese

title: Moana (2016 film)

text: changed drastically during the development phase (which happens with most Disney films), and that idea ultimately survived only as a subtle element of the father's backstory. Aaron and Jordan Kandell joined the project during a critical period to help deepen the emotional story architecture of the film. They are credited with developing the core relationship between Moana and Maui, the prologue, the Cave of the Wayfinders, the Kakamora, and the collector crab Tamatoa (played by Jemaine Clement). Jared Bush received sole credit as the writer of the final version of the screenplay. Like most Disney and Pixar animated films, several

title: Moana (2016 film)

text: to "". After the filmmakers sat through auditions of hundreds of candidates from across the Pacific, 14-year-old high school freshman Auliʻi Cravalho was cast as the lead character Moana. At that point in time, the design of Moana's face and personality was already complete, and Cravalho's obvious physical resemblance to her character was simply a coincidence. During animation production, Disney animators were able to integrate some of Cravalho's mannerisms into Moana's behavior as depicted onscreen. The majority of the film's cast members are of Polynesian descent: Auliʻi Cravalho (Moana) and Nicole Scherzinger (Sina, Moana's mother) were born in Hawaii and

title: Moana and the Moahunters

text: Moana and the Moahunters Moana and the Moahunters (and successor group Moana and the Tribe), was a New Zealand Māori hip-hop and roots group. led by singer Moana that actively promoted Māori culture, traditions and history through their music. Moana's first release was a 1991 12" single, "AEIOU(Akona Te Reo)”, which translates as “Learn the Language”. The song was a plea for the Maori youth to work actively to preserve their culture, learn about their history and keep traditions alive by learning the language. The song combined rap, which had recently become popular in New Zealand, with traditional Maori songs,

title: Moana (2016 film)

text: with the title "Oceania". Media outlets speculated that the name change was to avoid confusion with Italian pornographic actress Moana Pozzi, and Disney Italy's head of theatrical marketing, Davide Romani, acknowledged they were "thinking about the issue" at a meeting of Italian exhibitors in 2015. Following the success brought by international productions of Disney's "Frozen", which led to the release of a complete set album which included all the official versions of "Let It Go" released at the time, Disney decided to produce a special Tahitian dubbing for the movie. On October 25, 2016, at a press conference in Papeete,

title: Moana Pozzi

text: Placido in the title role. In 2010, her former manager Riccardo Schicchi produced and directed "I Segreti di Moana" ("The Secrets of Moana"), in which the title role was played by Vittoria Risi. Moana Pozzi Anna Moana Rosa Pozzi (; 27 April 1961 – 15 September 1994), also known mononymously as Moana, was an Italian pornographic actress, television personality, and politician. Pozzi was born in Genoa, Liguria, Italy, the daughter of Alfredo Pozzi, a nuclear engineer, and Rosanna, a housewife. Her name, Moana, is a Hawaiian name meaning "ocean." In her youth, Pozzi lived for periods of time in Canada

title: Moana and the Moahunters

text: "Toru" (three in Maori). and later "Wha" (four in Maori). Moana and the Moahunters Moana and the Moahunters (and successor group Moana and the Tribe), was a New Zealand Māori hip-hop and roots group. led by singer Moana that actively promoted Māori culture, traditions and history through their music. Moana's first release was a 1991 12" single, "AEIOU(Akona Te Reo)”, which translates as “Learn the Language”. The song was a plea for the Maori youth to work actively to preserve their culture, learn about their history and keep traditions alive by learning the language. The song combined rap, which had

title: Moana (soundtrack)

text: and percussion, woodwinds made from bamboo from the South Pacific, and traditional hide-covered Tyka drums. According to Miranda, "Shiny" was inspired by the Flight of the Conchords' tribute to David Bowie at the Aspen Comedy Festival in 2004, as well as listening to Bowie's songs on a loop shortly after the singer's death in January 2016. "How Far I'll Go" appears during the film performed by actress Auliʻi Cravalho, and during the end credits performed by Canadian singer-songwriter Alessia Cara. A music video for Cara's version of the song was released on November 3, 2016. It reached number 88 on

title: Moana and the Moahunters

text: single; Moana retired the group after performing at the 1998 Vancouver Folk Festival. Moana and the Moahunters from New Zealand combined rap, soul, and reggae with traditional Maori chants, haka (Maori posture dance) and musical instruments (taonga puoro). This group has won a New Zealand industry award for best Maori rap song “Learn the Language.” This group had a unique style by innovating hip hop genre by adding their Maori language, which comes from Polynesia. Moana Maniapoto who has led the group, has been described as the diva of the Maori music. Moana and her group have impacted a large

title: Ron Clements

text: a new film in the future, but they have their lips sealed for the title, the plot, and the animation style. In July 2013, it was revealed that the film, titled "Moana", would be "a Polynesian tale involving the island folk and the idols made famous the world over". On November 10, 2014, Disney confirmed "Moana" would be released on November 23, 2016. Bishop Heelan Catholic High School, Sioux City, IowaArt Center College of Design Pasadena, California John Musker and Ron Clements have cast certain actors in more than one of their films. Ron Clements Ron Clements (born April 25,

title: Cheryl Moana Marie Nunes

text: Raiderette. She sang the Star Spangled Banner, for the Los Angeles Lakers, Ice Dogs Hockey League, Los Angeles Dodgers, NHRA and the Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach. She also recorded the theme song for Hawaiian Tropic, "Come With Me". She was asked to record for Sony International - John Kalodner, J Records - Clive Davis, G funk Camp and Virgin Records, which led to Cheryl becoming one of Luis Miguel's back-up singers touring the US as well as Mexico, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic among other countries. She was an on-air presenter for the STARZ movie channel conducting interviews with,

title: Moana (soundtrack)

short_answers:
Jordan Fisher
Lin-Manuel Miranda