question: who picks the chief justice of the illinois supreme court

answers: the court

title: Thomas R. Fitzgerald (judge)

text: Thomas R. Fitzgerald (judge) Thomas R. Fitzgerald (July 10, 1941 – November 1, 2015) was a chief justice of the Illinois Supreme Court. He became the first Illinois chief justice to preside over the impeachment trial of a sitting governor when he presided over the impeachment trial of Governor Rod Blagojevich. Born in Chicago on July 10, 1941, Fitzgerald graduated from Leo Catholic High School in 1959. He attended Loyola University Chicago before enlisting in the United States Navy. Following his tour of duty in the Navy, he graduated with honors from The John Marshall Law School, where he was

title: Charles H. Thompson (Illinois)

text: Charles H. Thompson (Illinois) Charles Henry Thompson (1882–1972) served as Chief Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court in 1945, 1946, 1949, and 1950 after being elected to the Illinois Supreme Court in 1942. Thompson left Harrisburg to attend law school in Chicago. He graduated from the Chicago-Kent College of Law (1918) and was admitted to the Illinois Bar in 1919. While in law school, he worked as a law clerk and a stenographer. He returned to Harrisburg to practice law and entered politics. In 1920, he was elected State's Attorney for Saline County, Illinois. In 1926, as a Republican, he

title: Robert R. Thomas

text: elected circuit court judge in DuPage County in 1988. There, he presided over civil jury trials and was the Acting Chief Judge from 1989 to 1994. In 1994, Judge Thomas was elected to the Illinois Appellate Court, Second District. On December 4, 2000, Justice Thomas was sworn in as the Illinois Supreme Court Justice for the Second District. Justice Thomas was elected to serve as Illinois Supreme Court Chief Justice on September 6, 2005, and served as the Chief Justice until September 5, 2008. On January 1, 2011, Justice Thomas authored the Illinois State Supreme Court decision "Maksym v. Chicago

title: Judy Koehler

text: successor Ray LaHood. Following her run for Congress, Koehler became senior legislative counsel of Americans United for Life. In May 1998, Judy Koehler was appointed to the Illinois Appellate Court by Illinois Supreme Court Justice James Heiple, to fill the vacancy of Michael McCuskey, who had become a federal judge. Koehler narrowly lost in her bid for election to the 3rd district Appellate Court Seat in 2000 to Democrat Mary McDade. Judy Koehler Judy Koehler is a former Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives and Illinois Appellate Court Justice. Koehler was first elected to the Illinois House of

title: Rita B. Garman

text: Rita B. Garman Rita B. Garman (born November 19, 1943) is an American judge. She is a current Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois. She represents the Fourth Judicial District on the Supreme Court. She was elected by her peers to serve a three-year term as Chief Justice from October 26, 2013 to October 25, 2016. Garman was born in Aurora, Illinois. She was valedictorian of Oswego High School in 1961. She received her B.S. degree in economics with highest honors from the University of Illinois in 1965, Bronze Tablet. She earned her J.D. degree with distinction from the

title: Thomas R. Fitzgerald (judge)

text: Judicial Conference, member of the Chicago Bar Association's Board of Managers and past chairman of the Chicago Bar Association's committees on constitutional law and long-range planning. He was elected Chief Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court on May 19, 2008, with his term effective September 6, 2008. On January 26, 2009, he became the first Illinois chief justice to preside over the impeachment trial of a sitting governor, as he opened proceedings in the impeachment trial of Governor Rod Blagojevich. Fitzgerald retired in October, 2010. He announced his retirement on September 13, 2010, citing a recent diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease.

title: Rod Blagojevich controversies

text: Illinois Supreme Court seeking Blagojevich's temporary removal from office (i.e. removal of his powers & duties of office) and naming Quinn acting governor. Failing that, Madigan sought a temporary injunction barring Blagojevich from appointing a replacement for Obama. She had originally said she would only go to the Supreme Court as a last resort if the General Assembly failed to impeach the governor. However, she said in a press conference that she felt the federal charges were too severe to wait for the legislature to act. On December 15, the Illinois House voted 113-0 to begin impeachment proceedings. When asked

title: James D. Heiple

text: The Illinois House of Representatives panel voted not to impeach Heiple; he stepped down as chief justice but remained on the bench through the end of his term, in 2000. James D. Heiple James D. Heiple (born September 13, 1933) was a Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court from 1990 to 2000. Born in Peoria, Illinois, Heiple received a B.S. from Bradley University, and a J.D. from the University of Louisville School of Law in 1957, at the age of 23. He then entered the private practice of law with the firm of Washington and Pekin until 1970, also serving

title: Charles H. Davis (judge)

text: Charles H. Davis (judge) Charles H. Davis (, Fairfield, Illinois – circa November 1976) was a Republican lawyer who has twice served on the Illinois Supreme Court, once as Chief Justice, and on the Illinois Appellate Court, also as Presiding Justice. Davis grew up and attended school in Fairfield. He graduated from the University of Illinois (A.B., 1928) and the University of Chicago (J.D., 1931) and became a lawyer in Rockford in 1931. He married Ruth Peugh on October 19, 1935 and had seven children. He was elected to the Illinois Supreme Court from the 6th District in 1955, serving

title: John Scholfield

text: to nominate Scholfield to be Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court but Scholfield turned the nomination down. Scholfield died at his home in Marshall, Illinois. John Scholfield John Scholfield (August 1, 1834 – February 12, 1893) was an American politician and jurist. Born near Marshall, Clark County, Illinois, Scholfield received his law degree from the University of Louisville School of Law in Louisville, Kentucky in 1856. He then practiced law in Marshall, Illinois and served as state's attorney. In 1861, Scholfield served in the Illinois House of Representatives as a Democrat. He was a delegate to the Illinois

title: Robert R. Thomas

text: Robert R. Thomas Robert Randall Thomas (born August 7, 1952) is a justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois and a former professional football player. He has served as the Illinois Supreme Court Justice for the Second District since December 4, 2000, and as Chief Justice from September 6, 2005 to September 5, 2008. His political affiliation is Republican. Born in Rochester, New York, Thomas graduated from McQuaid Jesuit High School in Rochester, where he excelled both academically and in athletics, lettering in both football and soccer. He attended the University of Notre Dame where he kicked for the football

title: Michael Madigan

text: main persons involved in slating judicial candidates. After the death of veteran 45th Ward committeeman and longtime chairman of the Cook County Democratic Party Thomas G. Lyons in January 2007, Cook County Democrats met in Chicago on February 1 to fill the vacancy. Madigan nominated Joseph Berrios, a former Illinois State Representative, then a Commissioner on the Cook County Board of Review. Cook County Democrats elected Berrios their new chairman. Madigan political workers aided Berrios's 2010 campaign for Assessor of Cook County, Illinois. Berrios is registered as a lobbyist to Illinois state government and advocates for issues including expanding video

title: Robert R. Thomas

text: Thomas had traded his vote on a disciplinary case in exchange for political support for his favored candidate in a local judicial race. The case was significant because it prompted an Illinois appellate court to establish a judicial privilege in Illinois, allowing judicial deliberations to be kept private, much like doctor-patient discussions. Robert R. Thomas Robert Randall Thomas (born August 7, 1952) is a justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois and a former professional football player. He has served as the Illinois Supreme Court Justice for the Second District since December 4, 2000, and as Chief Justice from September

title: Judiciary of Illinois

text: the Supreme Court. Some judges are elected while others are appointed. For elected offices, judges are nominated in party primaries and elected in partisan elections. The seven justices of the Supreme Court are elected from the five appellate judicial districts of the state: three justices from the First District (Cook County) and one from each of the other four districts. Each justice is elected for a term of ten years. The majority of the Appellate Court judges (18 in the First District, and between seven and nine in each of the Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Districts) are elected for

title: Benjamin K. Miller (judge)

text: Pontiac Correctional Center. He was elected to the 4th District Appellate Court in 1982. In 1984, he was elected to a ten-year term to the Supreme Court of Illinois and won re-election in 1994. He represented the 4th court district, which runs across central Illinois. While on the Supreme Court he served as chair of the Illinois Courts Commission from 1988 to 1991. He also dissented from the majority in a case that would have prevented the Harold Washington Party from being on the ballot in 1990. The U.S. Supreme Court used some of Miller's arguments in overruling the state

title: William G. Clark

text: In 1960, Clark was elected Illinois Attorney General and served until 1969. Clark then practiced law. Then, in 1976, Clark was elected to the Illinois Supreme Court and served until 1992. He served as Chief Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court from 1985 to 1988. Clark died in Skokie, Illinois from complications due to diabetes in 2001. William G. Clark William G. Clark (July 16, 1924 – August 17, 2001) was an American politician and jurist. Born in Chicago, Illinois, Clark went to Loyola University Chicago, University of Michigan, Michigan State University, and received his law degree from DePaul University

title: Roy Solfisburg

text: Roy Solfisburg Roy J. Solfisburg, Jr. (1912–1991) was the Chief Justice of Illinois for the 1962-63 term and again from 1967 to 1969. Solfisburg was elected to the Illinois Supreme Court in 1960, the first time in the states history a sitting Justice was defeated by a challenger. This created a political stir having a historically Republican candidate unseat a "Daley Democrat". As the then youngest Justice his brethren selected Solfisburg as Chief Justice for the 1962-63 term and in 1967, his colleagues again later elected him to an additional 3-year term as Chief Justice. Illinois Senator Everett Dirksen championed

title: 2014 Illinois elections

text: Wheaton City Councilwoman Evelyn Sanguinetti and Grimm chose Alex Cummings. Rauner defeated Quinn in the general election by 50.3% of the vote to Quinn's 46.4%. Rauner won every county in Illinois except for Cook County, home to the city of Chicago and 40% of the state's residents. Incumbent Democratic Attorney General Lisa Madigan ran for re-election to a fourth term in office. Incumbent Democratic Secretary of State Jesse White ran for re-election to a fifth term in office. Incumbent Republican Comptroller Judy Baar Topinka ran for re-election to a second term in office. Topinka died on December 10, 2014. Governor

title: Jacob W. Wilkin

text: Jacob W. Wilkin Jacob Wilson Wilkin (June 7, 1837 – April 4, 1907) was an American jurist from Ohio who served for nineteen years as a Justice and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois. Arriving in Illinois at a young age, Wilkin graduated from McKendree College then enlisted to fight in the Civil War. He was mustered out with the rank of major and decided to pursue a career in law. Studying under future Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois John Scholfield. Wilkin was elected to the Illinois circuit courts in 1879, then advanced to the Illinois

title: Supreme Court of Illinois

text: The Supreme Court of Illinois is the state supreme court, the highest court of the state of Illinois. The court's authority is granted in Article VI of the current Illinois Constitution, which provides for seven justices elected from the five appellate judicial districts of the state: Three justices from the First District (Cook County) and one from each of the other four districts. Each justice is elected for a term of ten years and the chief justice is elected by the court from its members for a three-year term.

title: Roy Solfisburg

text: the Illinois Supreme Court again in 1984. Solfisburg died in April 1991 in Fort Myers, Florida. Roy currently has extended family living in southern Wisconsin and Illinois. Roy Solfisburg Roy J. Solfisburg, Jr. (1912–1991) was the Chief Justice of Illinois for the 1962-63 term and again from 1967 to 1969. Solfisburg was elected to the Illinois Supreme Court in 1960, the first time in the states history a sitting Justice was defeated by a challenger. This created a political stir having a historically Republican candidate unseat a "Daley Democrat". As the then youngest Justice his brethren selected Solfisburg as Chief

title: Alfred M. Craig

text: Republican Justice Charles B. Lawrence for a seat on the Illinois Supreme Court in 1873. Craig's bid was successful. He was re-elected in 1882, defeating John Davis McCulloch, then again in 1891, defeating Henry W. Wells. Craig was named Chief Justice, then a one-year position, in 1878, 1881, 1888, and 1895. He wrote the opinion of "Illinois Central Railroad v. Illinois", a case later taken up by the Supreme Court of the United States. Craig was often coveted for political candidacy, but he refused all offers. Grover Cleveland considered Craig to fill the Chief Justice vacancy on the Supreme Court

title: Lloyd A. Karmeier

text: Lloyd A. Karmeier Lloyd A. Karmeier (born January 12, 1940) is an American judge. He was elected to the Illinois Supreme Court from the Fifth District in 2004 and became its chief justice in 2016. Karmeier was born on January 12, 1940 in Washington County, Illinois. After graduating as valedictorian from Okawville Community High School in 1958, Karmeier received bachelor's and law degrees from the University of Illinois in 1962 and 1964 respectively. Karmeier clerked for former Illinois Supreme Court Justice Byron O. House from 1964 to 1968, served as state's attorney of Washington County from 1968 to 1972, and

title: Cameron Davis (attorney)

text: Chicago filed a lawsuit seeking declaratory judgment about whether the voters should decide in the November 6, 2018, general election who should represent them or whether a governor's appointee should get two extra years to serve until November 2020. Attorney Ed Mullen represented Davis. On October 24, Judge Patrick Stanton of the Cook County Circuit Court ruled that the voters could decide in the 2018 election who could represent them.. Rauner's appointee said he would let the ruling stand without appealing. On November 6, Cook County voters elected Davis with 1.1 million votes, garnering 75% of returns for the seat.

title: Joe Birkett

text: Illinois Supreme Court appointed Joe Birkett to serve as Appellate Court Judge on the Second District Appellate Court, replacing Justice Jack O'Malley, who retired. He was sworn in on December 13, 2010. In 2002 Birkett's role in the wrongful prosecution of Rolando Cruz, subsequently exonerated by DNA evidence in the murder of 10-year-old Jeanine Nicarico, was partly responsible for his loss to Democrat Lisa Madigan in the race for Illinois attorney general. On July 18, 2007, The "Naperville Sun" published an editorial calling the state's attorney's disorderly conduct charges against two war protestors "heavy-handed". The editorial opined:It is hard to

title: Neil Hartigan

text: ran for reelection as attorney general, and won with the highest number of votes of any statewide office that year. In 1990 Hartigan won the Democratic nomination for Illinois Governor but was defeated in the General Election by Illinois Secretary of State Jim Edgar. Since then Hartigan has served as Chairman of the World Trade Center Illinois and from 2002–2004 as a justice of the Illinois Appellate Court. Hartigan retired voluntarily from the bench in 2004. He was a member of Hillary Clinton's Illinois Steering Committee and February 5 Rapid Responders. In 2013 Hartigan was appointed to the Illinois Court

title: Howard C. Ryan

text: elected to the Supreme Court of Illinois in 1970. He served as chief justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois from January 1982 to January 1985. Ryan retired in 1990 after serving 36 years as a judge, including 20 years on the Illinois Supreme Court. After retiring, he served three years of counsel to the Chicago firm Peterson and Ross. Ryan issued a 1978 ruling in which he critiqued Illinois' death penalty and anticipated problems cited years later when Governor George H. Ryan ordered a sweeping review of capital punishment. In the beginning of his Supreme Court tenure ("Carey v.

title: Joe Birkett

text: Joe Birkett Joseph E. Birkett (born February 13, 1955) is an appellate court judge on the Illinois Appellate Court - Second District. He has been on the appellate court since being appointed by the Illinois Supreme Court in December 2010. He subsequently won election to the appellate court at the general election in November 2012. His current term runs through December 2022. Prior to being elevated to the bench, Justice Birkett was the State's Attorney of DuPage County, an office he had held since 1996. Birkett is one of 10 children on Chicago’s West side. His father died when he

title: Prentice Marshall

text: bono legal program. Marshall then served as a law professor at the University of Illinois College of Law from 1967 until 1973 and as a hearing officer for the Illinois Fair Employment Practices Commission from 1967 until 1972. In 1959, Marshall, then a resident of Wheaton, Illinois, ran unsuccessfully as a Democrat for state's attorney in DuPage County, a Republican stronghold. Marshall was nominated by President Richard Nixon on June 27, 1973, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois vacated by Judge Alexander J. Napoli. Marshall was one of the few Democrats

title: Charles H. Davis (judge)

text: 1976, on the Life, Character and Public Service of Charles H. Davis" in volume 64 of the 2nd series of the "Illinois Reports". Charles H. Davis (judge) Charles H. Davis (, Fairfield, Illinois – circa November 1976) was a Republican lawyer who has twice served on the Illinois Supreme Court, once as Chief Justice, and on the Illinois Appellate Court, also as Presiding Justice. Davis grew up and attended school in Fairfield. He graduated from the University of Illinois (A.B., 1928) and the University of Chicago (J.D., 1931) and became a lawyer in Rockford in 1931. He married Ruth Peugh

title: Supreme Court of Illinois


question: who began the age of exploration in portugal

answers: King Dinis of Portugal

answers: Afonso IV of Portugal

answers: Prince Henry

title: João Fernandes (explorer)

text: the historian of this early period of Portuguese expansion; and from Azurara's language it is clear that Fernandes' revelation of unknown lands and races was fully appreciated at home. João Fernandes (explorer) João Fernandes () (John, Joam) (not to be confused with João Fernandes Lavrador) was a Portuguese explorer of the 15th century. He was perhaps the earliest of modern explorers in the upland of West Africa, and a pioneer of the European slave- and gold-trade of Guinea. We first hear of him (before 1445) as a captive of the Barbary Moors in the western Mediterranean; while among these he

title: João Fernandes (explorer)

text: João Fernandes (explorer) João Fernandes () (John, Joam) (not to be confused with João Fernandes Lavrador) was a Portuguese explorer of the 15th century. He was perhaps the earliest of modern explorers in the upland of West Africa, and a pioneer of the European slave- and gold-trade of Guinea. We first hear of him (before 1445) as a captive of the Barbary Moors in the western Mediterranean; while among these he acquired a knowledge of Arabic, and probably conceived the design of exploration in the interior of the continent whose coasts the Portuguese were now unveiling. In 1445 he volunteered

title: Diogo de Silves

text: Diogo de Silves Diogo de Silves (fl. 15th century) is the presumed name of an obscure Portuguese explorer of the Atlantic who allegedly discovered the Azores islands in 1427. He is only known from a reference on a chart drawn by the Catalan cartographer, Gabriel de Vallseca of Mallorca, dated 1439. The map, marred by an inkwell accident in 1869, has a note by the Azores archipelago, presumably written by Vallseca, stating: The surname and part of the date are smudged. The earliest known reading of this portion of the map is by a Majorcan named Pasqual in 1789 (before

title: Nicolau Coelho

text: Nicolau Coelho Nicolau Coelho (c.1460, in Felgueiras – 1502, off the coast of Mozambique) was an expert Portuguese navigator and explorer during the age of discovery. He participated in the discovery of the route to India by Vasco da Gama where he commanded Berrio, the first caravel to return; was captain of a ship in the fleet headed by Pedro Álvares Cabral who landed in Brazil. He died at sea, possibly off the coast of Mozambique, while returning from India in the 5th Portuguese Armada with Francisco de Albuquerque. Nicolau Coelho (c.1460-1502) was presumably born in Felgueiras in northern Portugal.

title: João Álvares Fagundes

text: João Álvares Fagundes João Álvares Fagundes (; born c. 1460, Kingdom of Portugal, died 1522, Kingdom of Portugal), an explorer and ship owner from Viana do Castelo in Northern Portugal, organized several expeditions to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia around 1520-1521. Fagundes, together with his vice-captain (Pêro de Barcelos or other navigator), and accompanied by colonists (mostly from the Azores and some of mainland Portugal), explored the islands of St Paul near Cape Breton, Sable Island, Penguin Island (now known as Funk Island), Burgeo, and Saint Pierre and Miquelon which he named the islands of Eleven Thousand Virgins in honor of

title: João da Nova

text: João da Nova João da Nova (Galician spelling "Xoán de Novoa" or "Joam de Nôvoa", Spanish spelling "Juan de Nova"; ; born c. 1460 in Maceda, Ourense, Galicia; died July 16, 1509 in Kochi, India) was a Galician explorer of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans at the service of Portugal. He is credited as the discoverer of Ascension and Saint Helena islands. The Juan de Nova Island, in the Mozambique Channel, is named after him. The Farquhar atoll (in the Seychelles) was, for a long time, known as the João da Nova islands. It is sometimes thought that the Agaléga

title: Gonçalo Velho Cabral

text: 1474), with whom they had no heirs, and later Branca de Sousa Falcão (daughter of João de Sousa Falcão, Lord de Figueiredo and Lord of the Manor de Fataúnços) whose son inherited the "Captaincy" of Santa Maria. Gonçalo Velho Cabral Gonçalo Velho Cabral ( 1400 – c. 1460) was a Portuguese monk and Commander in the Order of Christ, explorer (credited with the discovery of the Formigas, the re-discovery of the islands of Santa Maria and São Miguel in the Azores) and hereditary landowner responsible for administering Crown lands on the same islands, during the Portuguese Age of Discovery. He

title: Francisco Barreto

text: neighboring kingdom, Homem abandoned the search for gold. Francisco Barreto Francisco Barreto (occasionally Francisco de Barreto, 1520 – July 9, 1573) was a Portuguese soldier and explorer. An officer in Morocco during his early life, Barreto sailed to Portuguese India and was eventually appointed viceroy of the colony. After his return to Lisbon, he was tasked with an expedition to southeast Africa in search of legendary gold mines. Barreto died in what is now Mozambique, having never reached the mines. Barreto was born in Faro, Portugal, in 1520, to Rui Barreto and Branca de Vilhena. He received military training in

title: Jean Alfonse

text: Jean Alfonse Jean Fonteneau, dit Alfonse de Saintonge (also spelled Jean Allefonsce) or João Afonso in Portuguese (also spelled João Alfonso) (born c. 1484 in Portugal - died December 1544 or 1549 off La Rochelle) was a Portuguese navigator, explorer and corsair, prominent in the European age of discovery. He had an early career in Portugal and later served the King of France. Born João Afonso and later known in France as Jean Fonteneau or Alfonse of Saintonge, he married a woman named Victorine Alfonse (Victorina Alfonso). Taking to the sea at age 12, he joined the Portuguese India Armadas

title: Gonçalo Álvares

text: Gonçalo Álvares Gonçalo Álvares (, ?? – 1524) was a Portuguese explorer who actively participated in the Age of Discovery, starting from the second voyage of Diogo Cão. In 1497 he commanded the ship "São Gabriel" in the epic journey of Vasco da Gama to India, and in 1505, aboard the fleet of Francisco de Almeida – the first Viceroy of Portuguese India – he sailed south in the Atlantic to where "water and even wine froze", and discovered an island that was named after him. It was later renamed Gough Island by the British, who took possession in the

title: João Fernandes Lavrador

text: He received a patent for exploration from King Henry VII. In 1501 Lavrador set sail for discovery of lands in the name of England. He was never heard from again. Lavrador was granted title to much of the lands he had discovered and is considered the first European landowner in Labrador. João Fernandes Lavrador João Fernandes Lavrador () was a Portuguese explorer of the late 15th century. He was the first modern explorer of the coasts of the Northeast of Northern America, including the large Labrador peninsula, which was named for him by European settlers in eastern Canada. The popular

title: Gaspar de Lemos

text: to Portugal bringing Pedro Vaz de Caminha's letter announcing the "discovery" of Brazil. This expedition is credited with: Gaspar de Lemos Gaspar de Lemos (15th century) was a Portuguese explorer and captain of the supply ship of Pedro Álvares Cabral's fleet that discovered Brazil. Gaspar de Lemos was sent back to Portugal with news of their discovery and was credited by the Viscount of Santarém as having discovered the Fernando de Noronha archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean. Gaspar de Lemos was one of many explorers of the new world. Very little is known about the life of Gaspar de Lemos.

title: João de Lisboa

text: João de Lisboa João de Lisboa (c.1470 – 1525) was a Portuguese explorer. He is known to have sailed together with Tristão da Cunha, and to have explored Río de La Plata and possibly the San Matias Gulf, around 1511-12. The Brazilian historian Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen remarks that he was in Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigation voyage: He is the author of a "Treatise of Seamanship" that includes 20 maps and a "Treatise on the Nautical Needle", dated by himself in 1514 (1508, in manuscript). He died in 1525 while traveling in the Indian Ocean. It is composed by the "Brief

title: Nuno Velho Cabral

text: first settlers of the Azores. Nuno Velho Cabral Nuno Velho Cabral or Travassos, (15th Century) was a Portuguese nobleman, who served to the Kingdom of Portugal as conquistador and explorer. He accompanied his uncle Gonçalo Velho Cabral, in the voyage of discovery to Santa Maria and São Miguel Island, being one of the first settlers of Azores. Nuno was the son of Diogo Gonçalves de Travassos and Violante Alvares Cabral, a noble woman, daughter of Fernão Velho and Maria Alvares Cabral, great-aunt of Pedro Álvares Cabral. His wife was Africa Annes, daughter of Gonçalo Annes and Simôa de Sá, a

title: Sancho de Tovar

text: Sancho de Tovar Sancho de Tovar, 6th Lord of Cevico, Caracena and Boca de Huérgano (c. 1465–1547) was a Portuguese nobleman of Castilian birth, best known as a navigator and explorer during the Portuguese age of discoveries. He was the vice-admiral ("soto-capitão") of the fleet that discovered Brazil in 1500, and was later appointed Governor of the East African port-city of Sofala by king Manuel I (List of colonial governors of Mozambique). In this post, he conducted several exploratory missions in the interior regions of present-day Mozambique. Sancho de Tovar was born in Cevico (now Cevico de la Torre), Castile,

title: Luís Vaz de Torres

text: one of Queirós’ memorials, as "Terra Australis Incognita", or "A New Southerne Discoverie". A short account of Queirós’ voyage and discoveries was published in English by Samuel Purchas in 1625 in "Haklvytvs posthumus", or, "Pvrchas his Pilgrimes", vol. iv, p. 1422-1432. This account also appears to be based on a letter by Queirós to the King in 1610, the eighth on the matter. Luís Vaz de Torres Luís Vaz de Torres (Galician and Portuguese), or Luis Váez de Torres in the Spanish spelling (born c. 1565; fl. 1607), was a 16th- and 17th-century maritime explorer of a Spanish expedition noted

title: Gonçalo Álvares

text: nineteenth century. Gonçalo Álvares held the office of "chief-pilot of the navigation to India and the Ocean Sea" until his death in 1524. Gonçalo Álvares Gonçalo Álvares (, ?? – 1524) was a Portuguese explorer who actively participated in the Age of Discovery, starting from the second voyage of Diogo Cão. In 1497 he commanded the ship "São Gabriel" in the epic journey of Vasco da Gama to India, and in 1505, aboard the fleet of Francisco de Almeida – the first Viceroy of Portuguese India – he sailed south in the Atlantic to where "water and even wine froze",

title: João de Barros

text: João de Barros João de Barros () (1496 – 20 October 1570), called the "Portuguese Livy", is one of the first great Portuguese historians, most famous for his "Décadas da Ásia" ("Decades of Asia"), a history of the Portuguese in India, Asia, and southeast Africa. Educated in the palace of Manuel I of Portugal, he composed, at the age of twenty, a romance of chivalry, the "Chronicle of the Emperor Clarimundo", in which he is said to have had the assistance of Prince John (later King John III). Upon ascending the throne, King John III awarded Barros the captaincy of

title: Fernando Pessoa

text: each charge a historical personality. Ultimately they all lead to the Golden Age of Discovery. The second Part, called "Mar Português" (Portuguese Sea), references the country's Age of Portuguese Exploration and to its seaborne Empire that ended with the death of King Sebastian at El-Ksar el Kebir ("Alcácer-Quibir" in Portuguese) in 1578. Pessoa brings the reader to the present as if he had woken up from a dream of the past, to fall in a dream of the future: he sees King Sebastian returning and still bent on accomplishing a Universal Empire. The third Cycle, called "O Encoberto" ("The Hidden

title: Age of Discovery

title: Padrão dos Descobrimentos

text: Padrão dos Descobrimentos Padrão dos Descobrimentos (; lit. "Monument of the" "Discoveries") is a monument on the northern bank of the Tagus River estuary, in the civil parish of Santa Maria de Belém, Lisbon. Located along the river where ships departed to explore and trade with India and the Orient, the monument celebrates the Portuguese Age of Discovery (or Age of Exploration) during the 15th and 16th centuries. The monument was conceived in 1939 by Portuguese architect José Ângelo Cottinelli Telmo, and sculptor Leopoldo de Almeida, as a temporary beacon during the "Portuguese World Exhibition" opening in June 1940. The

title: Pedro Álvares Cabral

text: Pedro Álvares Cabral Pedro Álvares Cabral ( ; c. 1467 or 1468 – c. 1520) was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the European discoverer of Brazil. In 1500 Cabral conducted the first substantial exploration of the northeast coast of South America and claimed it for Portugal. While details of Cabral's early life remain unclear, it is known that he came from a minor noble family and received a good education. He was appointed to head an expedition to India in 1500, following Vasco da Gama's newly-opened route around Africa. The undertaking had the aim of

title: Gonçalo Velho Cabral

text: Gonçalo Velho Cabral Gonçalo Velho Cabral ( 1400 – c. 1460) was a Portuguese monk and Commander in the Order of Christ, explorer (credited with the discovery of the Formigas, the re-discovery of the islands of Santa Maria and São Miguel in the Azores) and hereditary landowner responsible for administering Crown lands on the same islands, during the Portuguese Age of Discovery. He was son of Fernão Velho, Lord and "Alcaide" of Veleda, and his wife Maria Álvares Cabral (great-aunt of Pedro Álvares Cabral). His siblings Álvaro Velho Cabral, Teresa Velho Cabral, wife of Fernão Soares de Albergaria, and Violante

title: Fernão do Pó

text: Guinea during this period on behalf of King Afonso V of Portugal. Fernando Pó is credited as being the first European explorer to discover the south western coast of Africa. Before Fernando Pó, Europeans believed Africa was a large island. Pó discovered the western "elbow" of the continent and the long south western coast. Fernão do Pó Fernão do Pó (), also known as Fernão Pó, Fernando Pó or Fernando Poo, was a 15th-century Portuguese navigator and explorer of the West African coast. He discovered the islands in the Gulf of Guinea around 1472, one of which until the mid-1900s

title: João Zorro

text: the early European explorers. João Zorro João Zorro was a late 13th century Galician or Portuguese minstrel at the court of Afonso III of Portugal, or as it is most likely at the court of Denis of Portugal. He is noted for his 10 cantigas de amigo about ancient sailors, written on the eve of the great voyages of discovery. Zorro is unusual among medieval poets for writing about calm and domesticated seas, rather than about wild and deadly oceans. In his poems, sailors only lament about missing their home countries, lovers etc. His work sheds light on the attitudes

title: Exploration

text: that period, Europeans discovered and/or explored vast areas of the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania. Portugal and Spain dominated the first stages of exploration, while other European nations followed, such as England, Netherlands, and France. Important explorations during this period went to a number of continents and regions around the globe. In Africa, important explorers of this period include Diogo Cão (c.1452 –c.1486) who discovered and ascended the Congo River and reached the coasts of the present-day Angola and Namibia; Bartolomeu Dias (c. 1450–1500), who was the first European to reach the Cape of Good Hope and other parts of

title: Pedro Fernandes de Queirós

text: Pedro Fernandes de Queirós Pedro Fernandes de Queirós () (1565–1614) was a Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain best known for his involvement with Spanish voyages of discovery in the Pacific Ocean, in particular the 1595–1596 voyage of Alvaro de Mendaña de Neira, and for leading a 1605–1606 expedition which crossed the Pacific in search of Terra Australis. Queirós (or Quirós as he signed) was born in Évora, Portugal in 1565. As the Portuguese and Spanish monarchies had been unified under the king of Spain in 1580 (following the vacancy of the Portuguese throne, which lasted for sixty years,

title: José Sapateiro

text: José Sapateiro José Sapateiro born in Lamego, Kingdom of Portugal, was a Portuguese traveler of the fifteenth century. After a sojourn in Baghdad, he returned to Lisbon to present a report to King João II on Ormuz, the emporium of the East-Indian spice trade. He thereupon, by the king's orders, set out in company with the experienced linguist, Abraham of Beja in search of the roving explorer Pêro da Covilhã, in order to interview the latter in the king's behalf as to the results of his travels. After obtaining valuable information regarding the discovery of the sea route to India

title: Duarte Pacheco Pereira

text: Duarte Pacheco Pereira Duarte Pacheco Pereira (; c. 1460 – 1533), called the Portuguese Achilles ("Aquiles Lusitano") by the poet Camões, was a Portuguese sea captain, soldier, explorer and cartographer. He travelled particularly in the central Atlantic Ocean west of the Cape Verde islands, along the coast of West Africa and to India. His accomplishments in strategic warfare, exploration, mathematics and astronomy were of an exceptional level. Pacheco Pereira was the son of João Pacheco and Isabel Pereira. In his youth he served as the King of Portugal's personal squire. In the year of 1455, having graduated with honors, he

title: Mathieu da Costa

text: and pidgin Basque, the dialect many Aboriginals used for trading purposes. He was originally engaged by the Portuguese as a translator, having learned their language quickly. It was thought that his skills would be valuable in future cartography expeditions to the New World. As early as 1499 João Fernandes Lavrador explored Greenland and the north Atlantic coast of Canada. The following year brothers Gaspar and Miguel Corte-Real explored what is today the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, and Greenland, claiming these lands for Portugal. João Álvares Fagundes and Pêro de Barcelos established fishing outposts in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia

title: Age of Discovery

long_answer: In 1297, with the Portuguese part of the reconquista completed, King Dinis of Portugal took personal interest in exports and in 1317 he made an agreement with Genoese merchant sailor Manuel Pessanha (Pesagno), appointing him first admiral of the Portuguese navy, with the goal of defending the country against Muslim pirate raids. Outbreaks of bubonic plague led to severe depopulation in the second half of the 14th century: only the sea offered alternatives, with most population settling in fishing and trading coastal areas. Between 1325 and 1357 Afonso IV of Portugal encouraged maritime commerce and ordered the first explorations. The Canary Islands, already known to the Genoese, were claimed as officially discovered under patronage of the Portuguese but in 1344 Castile disputed them, expanding their rivalry into the sea.

short_answers:
Afonso IV of Portugal
King Dinis of Portugal


question: what is the collection of the districts to the east of the jordan river

answers: Jordan

answers: Golan Heights

title: Districts of Mandatory Palestine

text: the districts of Phoenicia and Galilee were combined, as were the districts of Jerusalem and Jaffa, and the districts of Gaza and Beersheba. Some reassignment of sub-districts also occurred. At the time of the October, 1922, census of Palestine, there were four districts divided into 18 sub-districts. A proclamation of June 1924 divided the country into three districts with 18 sub-districts. In August 1925, the Southern and Jerusalem-Jaffa Districts were combined into the Jerusalem-Southern District. At the time of the November, 1931, census of Palestine, there were three districts divided into 18 sub-districts. In 1937, the Acre, Beisan, Nazareth, Safad

title: Districts of Israel

text: of sub-districts and natural regions even though it is not recognized by the United Nations or the international community as Israeli territory. Similarly, the population figure below for the Jerusalem District was calculated including East Jerusalem whose annexation by Israel is similarly not recognized by the United Nations and the international community. The Judea and Samaria Area, however, is not included in the number of districts and sub-districts as Israel has not applied its civilian jurisdiction in that part of the West Bank. Jerusalem District (, "Mehoz Yerushalayim"). District capital: Jerusalem. Northern District (, "Mehoz HaTzafon"). District capital: Nazareth Haifa

title: Districts of Israel

text: is based on terminology from the Hebrew and other sources relating to ancient Israel and Judah/Judea. The territory has been under Israeli control since the 1967 Six-Day War but not annexed by Israel, pending negotiations regarding its status. It is part of historic Israel, which leads to politically contentious issues. However, it is not recognized as part of the State of Israel by the UN and most nations. Districts of Israel There are six main administrative districts of Israel, known in Hebrew as mehozot (מחוזות; singular: "mahoz" ) and Arabic as "mintaqah" and fifteen sub-districts (also referred to as counties)

title: Districts of Israel

text: Districts of Israel There are six main administrative districts of Israel, known in Hebrew as mehozot (מחוזות; singular: "mahoz" ) and Arabic as "mintaqah" and fifteen sub-districts (also referred to as counties) known as nafot (; singular: "nafa" ). Each sub-district is further divided into cities, municipalities, and regional councils it contains. The figures in this article are based on numbers from the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics and so include all places under Israeli civilian rule including those Israeli-occupied territories where this is the case. Therefore, the Golan sub-district and its four natural regions are included in the number

title: Northern District (Israel)

text: covers a land area of 1,154 km², the Northern District covers 3,324 km² (3,484 km² including water). According to the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics data for 2016: As such, the North District is the only district in Israel where the majority of inhabitants are Arabs. The Northern District is divided into the following subdistricts: Northern District (Israel) The Northern District (, "Mehoz HaTzafon"; , "Minṭaqat ash-Shamal") is one of Israel's six administrative districts. The Northern District has a land area of 4,478 km², which increases to 4,638 km² when both land and water are included. The district capital and

title: Districts of Mandatory Palestine

text: called O.E.T.A. (South). Initially the country was divided into 13 administrative districts, reduced to 10 in 1919, each under a military government. At the start of 1920 there were 9 districts: Jerusalem, Jaffa, Hebron, Jenin, Safed, Acre, Tiberias, Tulkarem and Beersheba, but this division was modified by the following month to Jerusalem, Haifa, Hebron, Jenin, Nablus, Safed, Acre, Tiberias, Galilee, Tulkarem and Beersheba. The division was revised after the adoption of a civilian administration in the middle of 1920. In September 1920, the districts were Jerusalem, Galilee, Phoenicia (formerly Haifa), Samaria, Jaffa, Gaza and Beersheva. In July 1922, administrations of

title: Districts of Mandatory Palestine

text: and Tiberias sub-districts were removed from the Northern District to form a new Galilee District headquartered at Nazareth. In 1938, the Beersheba and Gaza sub-districts were separated from the Southern District. Then in 1939, the Administrative Division (Amendment) Proclamation reshaped the country into six districts. The name of the Galilee and Acre District was changed to Galilee District in December. The Administrative Divisions (Amendment) Proclamation, 1945 reduced the number of sub-districts of the Jerusalem District to three. Although not published until June, it stated that the change "shall be deemed to have come into force on the 1st January, 1945".

title: Southern District (Israel)

text: Ofakim) and the seven Bedouin cities are lower on the socio-economic scale. Some villages do not fall under the jurisdiction of a regional council. These include: Southern District (Israel) The Southern District (, "Meḥoz HaDarom"; ) is one of Israel's six administrative districts, the largest in terms of land area but the most sparsely populated. It covers most of the Negev desert, as well as the Arava valley. The population of the Southern District is 1,086,240 and its area is 14,185 km. Its population is 79.66% Jewish and 12.72% Arab (mostly Muslim), with 7.62% Others. The district capital is Beersheba,

title: 2016 Jordanian general election

text: set 20 September 2016 as the date of the election shortly afterwards. There are 23 electoral districts; five in the Amman government, four in the Irbid governorate, two in the Zarqa governorate, one each for the other nine governorates, and three badia districts for Bedouins. The Circassian/Chechen and Christian quotas were included among seats assigned within the governorate districts. Of the nine seats for the Christian quota, two are in both the Balqa district and the Karak district, and there is one in each of the following: Irbid’s 3rd district, the Ajloun district, Zarqa’s 1st district, Amman’s 3rd district, and

title: Districts of Mandatory Palestine

text: Districts of Mandatory Palestine The districts of Mandatory Palestine formed the first level of administrative division and existed through the whole era of Mandatory Palestine, namely from 1920 to 1948. The number and territorial extent of them varied over time, as did their subdivision into sub-districts. In Arabic, a district was known as a "minṭaqah" (منطقة, plural "manaṭiq" مناطق), while in Hebrew it was known as a "mahoz" (מחוז, plural "mehozot" מחוזות). Each district had an administration headed by a District Governor, a role renamed as District Commissioner in 1925. Until June 1920, Palestine was under a formal military regime

title: Districts of Israel

text: District (, "Mehoz Heifa"). District capital: Haifa Central District (, "Mehoz HaMerkaz"). District capital: Ramla Tel Aviv District (, "Mehoz Tel Aviv"). District capital: Tel Aviv Southern District (, "Mehoz HaDarom"). District Capital: Beersheba Formerly Hof Aza Regional Council with a population of around 10,000 Israelis was part of this district, but the Israeli communities that constituted it were evacuated when the disengagement plan was implemented in the Gaza Strip. Currently only the Coordination and Liaison Administration operates there. Judea and Samaria Area (, "Ezor Yehuda VeShomron"). Largest city: Modi'in Illit The name "Judea and Samaria" for this geographical area

title: Jerusalem District

text: in Abu Ghosh, Beit Safafa and East Jerusalem, where Israeli Arab professionals have settled since the late 1970s, mainly for the provision of legal and other services to the local population. The non-Jewish population is 28.3% Muslims, 1.8% Christians and 1.4% unclassified by religion. The Jerusalem Municipality, including East Jerusalem and other annexed parts of the West Bank, constituted with 125 km² about 19% of the Jerusalem District in 2008. Jerusalem District The Jerusalem District (; ) is one of six administrative districts of Israel. The district capital is Jerusalem. The Jerusalem District has a land area of 652 km².

title: Jerusalem District

text: Jerusalem District The Jerusalem District (; ) is one of six administrative districts of Israel. The district capital is Jerusalem. The Jerusalem District has a land area of 652 km². The population of 1,083,300 is 66.6% Jewish and 31.8% Arab. A fifth (21%) of the Arabs in Israel live in the Jerusalem District, which includes both East and West Jerusalem. Israel's annexation of East Jerusalem has not been recognized by the international community. The majority of Arabs in the Jerusalem District are Palestinians, eligible for citizenship under Israeli law, but non-citizens by collective choice. The minority are Israeli Arabs living

title: Southern District (Israel)

text: Southern District (Israel) The Southern District (, "Meḥoz HaDarom"; ) is one of Israel's six administrative districts, the largest in terms of land area but the most sparsely populated. It covers most of the Negev desert, as well as the Arava valley. The population of the Southern District is 1,086,240 and its area is 14,185 km. Its population is 79.66% Jewish and 12.72% Arab (mostly Muslim), with 7.62% Others. The district capital is Beersheba, while the largest city is Ashdod. Beersheba's dormitory towns of Omer, Meitar, and Lehavim are all relatively affluent, while the development towns (including Sderot, Netivot, and

title: Samaria

text: responsibility for the administration over some of the territory of West Bank (Areas 'A' and 'B'). Samaria is one of several standard statistical districts utilized by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. "The Israeli CBS also collects statistics on the rest of the West Bank and the Gaza District. It has produced various basic statistical series on the territories, dealing with population, employment, wages, external trade, national accounts, and various other topics." The Palestinian Authority however use Nablus, Jenin, Tulkarm, Qalqilya, Salfit, Ramallah and Tubas governorates as administrative centers for the same region. The Shomron Regional Council is the local

title: Elections in Jordan

text: other nine governorates, and three badia districts for the Bedouin quotas. The Circassian/Chechen and Christian quotas were included among seats assigned within the governorate districts. The female quota is divided so that there is one seat in each governorate, and one in each badia. While the division of population between districts remains imperfect, it was an improvement upon previous elections. After minor changes in both houses, the new law was approved by the King on 13 March 2016. Both government and opposition groups hailed the changes as progressive. This included the IAF, which hailed the changed as positive. Democracy advocates

text: "Sixth District": Badr Al-Jadeeda, West Umm Uthaina, Al-Diar, Al-Swaifyah, and Wadi Al-Seer. "Seventh District": Na'our. Aqaba Governorate ( 1 Districts, 2 Seats excluding South Bedouins Seats) "Governorate of Aqaba District" Balqa Governorate ( 4 Districts, 10 Seats) "First District": Al-Qasaba, Mahis, and Fuhais. "Second District": Southern Shooneh. "Third District": Deir Alla. "Fourth District": 'Ain al-Basha. Irbid Governorate ( 9 Districts, 16 Seats) "First District": al-Qasabah. "Second District": Bani Obayd . "Third District": Northern Mazar. "Fourth District": Ar Ramtha. "Fifth District": Bni Kanana "Sixth District": Kora. "Seventh District": Northern Aghwar. "Eighth District": Tayybeh "Ninth District": Wastiyyeh Jerash Governorate ( 1 District,

text: 4 Seats) "Governorate of Jerash District" Kerak Governorate ( 6 Districts, 10 Seats) "First District" Al Qasabah. "Second District": al-Qaser "Third District": Southern Mazar. "Fourth District": Southern Aghwar. "Fifth District": 'Ayy. "Sixth District" Faqqu. Ma'an Governorate ( 3 Districts, 4 Seats excluding South Bedouins Seats) "First District": al-Qasabah. "Second District": al-Shawbak. "Third District": Petra Madaba Governorate ( 2 Districts, 4 Seats) "First District": al-Qasabeh "Second District": Dhiban. Mafraq Governorate ( 1 District, 4 Seats excluding North Bedouins Seats) "First District" Tafilah Governorate ( 2 Districts, 4 Seats) "First District": al-Qasabah. "Second District": Bisairah. Zarqa Governorate ( 4 Districts, 10 Seats)

title: Jerusalem Governorate

text: Jerusalem Governorate The Jerusalem Governorate ( '; ') is one of the 16 Governorates of Palestine and located in the central part of the West Bank. The Governorate has two sub-districts: "Jerusalem J1", which includes the localities within the territory controlled by the Israeli Jerusalem municipality (East Jerusalem), and "Jerusalem J2", which includes the remaining parts of the Jerusalem Governorate. The district capital of the Governorate is East Jerusalem (al-Quds). The total land area of the governorate is 344 km. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the governorate had a population of 429,500 residents in 2005, accounting for

title: Jordan River

text: The Jordan River (also River Jordan; Hebrew: נְהַר הַיַּרְדֵּן Nahar ha-Yarden; Arabic: نَهْر الْأُرْدُنّ Nahr al-Urdun, Ancient Greek: Ιορδάνης, Iordànes) is a 251-kilometre (156 mi)-long river in the Middle East that flows roughly north to south through the Sea of Galilee and on to the Dead Sea. Israel and the West Bank border the river to the west, while the Golan Heights and Jordan lie to its east. Both Jordan and the West Bank take their names from the river.

title: Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem

text: Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem The Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem ('; ), also known as the Sanjak of Jerusalem"', was an Ottoman district with special administrative status established in 1872. The district encompassed Jerusalem as well as Bethlehem, Hebron, Jaffa, Gaza and Beersheba. During the late Ottoman period, the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem, together with the Sanjak of Nablus and Sanjak of Akka (Acre), formed the region that was commonly referred to as "Southern Syria" or "Palestine". It was the 7th most heavily populated region of the Ottoman Empire's 36 provinces. The district was separated from Damascus and placed directly under Constantinople in 1841,

title: Jerusalem Governorate

text: 10.5% of Palestinians living in the Palestinian territories. Adnan al-Husayni was appointed governor in 2008. The Jerusalem Governorate is divided into the sub-districts "Jerusalem J1" and "Jerusalem J2". "Jerusalem J1" comprises the parts of the West Bank that were annexed by Israel in 1980 and included within the Israeli municipality Jerusalem. "Jerusalem J1" is usually referred to as East Jerusalem. "Jerusalem J2" comprises the parts of the Governorate that are not included in J1. Jerusalem J1: Al-Isawiya, Al-Quds (Old City), Ash-Shayyah, As-Sawahira Al-Gharbiya, As-Suwwana, At-Tur, Ath-Thuri, Bab As-Sahira, Beit Hanina, Beit Safafa, Jabal Al-Mukabbir, Kufr A’qab, Ras Al-Amud, Sharafat, Sheikh

title: Results of the 2013 Jordanian general election

text: House of Representatives. It was reported that a total of 37 Representatives can be seen as Islamist or critical of the government. Ajloun Governorate (2 Districts, 4 Seats) "First District" "Second District" Amman Governorate (7 Districts, 25 Seats) "First District" "Second District" "Third District" "Fourth District" "Fifth District" "Sixth District" "Seventh District" Aqaba Governorate (1 Districts, 2 Seats) First District Balqa Governorate ( 4 Districts, 10 Seats) "First District" "Second District" "Third District" "Fourth District" Irbid Governorate (9 Districts, 16 Seats) "First District" "Second District" "Third District" "Fourth District" "Fifth District" "Sixth District" "Seventh District" "Eighth District" "Ninth District" Jerash

title: Mandatory Palestine

text: had grown to , comprising Muslims, Jews, Christians and people of other groups. The following table gives the religious demography of each of the 16 districts of the Mandate in 1945. Under the terms of the August 1922 Palestine Order in Council, the Mandate territory was divided into administrative regions known as districts and administer by the office of the British High Commissioner for Palestine. Britain continued the "millet" system of the Ottoman Empire whereby all matters of a religious nature and personal status were within the jurisdiction of Muslim courts and the courts of other recognised religions, called confessional

title: Palestinian territories

text: in East Jerusalem. Rather the figures of Israelis in Judea and Samaria District are given. Independently from the political composition of its subsequent governments, the number of settlers in the West Bank has grown rapidly and in a relatively straight line since 1967 (see graphics). The Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics counted about 341,000 settlers end 2012 in the Judea and Samaria District, which does not include Jerusalem. The Constitution of the League of Arab States says the existence and independence of Palestine cannot be questioned de jure even though the outward signs of this independence have remained veiled as

text: "First District" "Second District" "Third District" "Fourth District" North Bedouin Tribes Closed District ( 3 Seats) Center Bedouin Tribes Closed District ( 3 Seats) South Bedouin Tribes Closed District ( 3 Seats) Woman Minimum Quota ( National District, 6 Seats) Results of the 2007 Jordanian general election The following are the official and final results for the Jordanian Parliamentary Elections held on Tuesday, November 20. Ajlun Governorate ( 2 Districts, 4 Seats) "First District": Al-Qasabah. "Second District": Kufranjeh. Amman Governorate ( 7 Districts, 23 Seats excluding Center Bedouins Seats) "First District": Basman, Marka, and Tariq. "Second District": Al-Yarmook, Al-Naser, Ras

title: Area C (West Bank)

text: Area C (West Bank) Area C () is an administrative division of the West Bank, set out in the Oslo II Accord. Area C constitutes about 61 percent of the West Bank territory. Jewish population in Area C is administered by Judea and Samaria Area administration, whereas Palestinian population is directly administered by Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories and indirectly by the Palestinian National Authority in Ramallah. The Palestinian Authority is responsible for medical and educational services to Palestinians in Area C, however infrastructure construction is done by Israel. Area C, excluding East Jerusalem, is home to 385,900

title: Judea and Samaria Area

text: Judea and Samaria Area Judea and Samaria Area (, "Ezor Yehuda VeShomron", also an acronym יו"ש "Yosh" or ש"י "Shai"; , "Yahuda was-Sāmerah") is the Israeli government term for the administrative division encompassing Israeli-occupied West Bank excluding East Jerusalem. It is for some purposes regarded by Israeli authorities as one of its administrative regions, although the international community considers the West Bank to be a territory held by Israel under military occupation. The Judea and Samaria Area covers a portion of the territory designated by the ancient names Judea and Samaria. Samaria corresponds to part of the ancient Kingdom of

title: District (LDS Church)

text: District (LDS Church) A district of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) is a geographical administrative unit composed of a number of congregations called branches. A district is a subdivision of a mission of the church and in many ways is analogous to a stake of the church. The leader of a district is the mission president, who selects a local district president as his agent. The district president may choose two men to assist him; the three together form the district presidency. The three members of the district presidency are given the honorific title "President".

title: Nablus Sanjak

text: villages and met municipal needs. During the British Mandate, the Nablus District consisted of all of the present-day Nablus Governorate, southern portions of the Qalqilya Governorate, the entire Tubas Governorate, northern portions of the Salfit Governorate and the northern Jericho Governorate. Nablus Sanjak The District of Nablus () also known as the Sanjak of Nablus is an administrative area that existed throughout Ottoman rule of Ottoman Syria and to a lesser extent during British rule. In the 1596- daftar, the Sanjak of Nablus contained the following subdivisions and villages/town: In the 19th century, it consisted of nearly 113 towns and

title: Jordan River

short_answers:
Golan Heights
Jordan


question: what is the angle of the tower of pisa

answers: about 3.99 degrees

answers: 3.99 degrees

answers: at about 3.99 degrees

title: Leaning Tower of Pisa

text: Leaning Tower of Pisa The Leaning Tower of Pisa () or simply the Tower of Pisa ("Torre di Pisa" ) is the "campanile", or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its unintended tilt. The tower is situated behind the Pisa Cathedral and is the third oldest structure in the city's Cathedral Square ("Piazza del Duomo"), after the cathedral and the Pisa Baptistry. The tower's tilt began during construction in the 12th century, caused by an inadequate foundation on ground too soft on one side to properly support the structure's weight. The

title: Leaning Tower of Pisa

text: tilt increased in the decades before the structure was completed in the 14th century. It gradually increased until the structure was stabilized (and the tilt partially corrected) by efforts in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The height of the tower is from the ground on the low side and on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is . Its weight is estimated at . The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase. In 1990 the tower leaned at an angle of 5.5 degrees,

title: Regiomontanus' angle maximization problem

text: a window of the Leaning Tower of Pisa or a realtor showing off the advantages of a sky-light in a sloping attic roof. There is a unique circle passing through the top and bottom of the painting and tangent to the eye-level line. By elementary geometry, if the viewer's position were to move along the circle, the angle subtended by the painting would remain constant. All positions on the eye-level line except the point of tangency are outside of the circle, and therefore the angle subtended by the painting from those points is smaller. By "Elements" III.36 (alternatively the power-of-a-point

title: Leaning Tower of Pisa

text: the end of the 18th century to replace the broken "Pasquareccia". The circular shape and great height (currently on the lowest side and m on the highest) of the campanile were unusual for their time, and the crowning belfry is stylistically distinct from the rest of the construction. This belfry incorporates a correction for the inclined axis below. The siting of the campanile within the Piazza del Duomo diverges from the axial alignment of the cathedral and baptistery of the Piazza del Duomo. Leaning Tower of Pisa The Leaning Tower of Pisa () or simply the Tower of Pisa ("Torre

title: Leaning Tower of Pisa

text: The same soft soil that caused the leaning, and brought the Tower to the verge of collapse helped it survive. Two German churches have challenged the tower's status as the world's most lop-sided building: the 15th-century square Leaning Tower of Suurhusen and the 14th-century bell tower in the town of Bad Frankenhausen. "Guinness World Records" measured the Pisa and Suurhusen towers, finding the former's tilt to be 3.97 degrees. In June 2010, "Guinness World Records" certified the Capital Gate building in Abu Dhabi, UAE as the "World's Furthest Leaning Man-made Tower"; it has an 18-degree slope, almost five times more

title: Leaning Tower of Pisa

text: have toppled. In 1272, construction resumed under Giovanni di Simone, architect of the Camposanto. In an effort to compensate for the tilt, the engineers built upper floors with one side taller than the other. Because of this, the tower is curved. Construction was halted again in 1284 when the Pisans were defeated by the Genoans in the Battle of Meloria. The seventh floor was completed in 1319. The bell-chamber was finally added in 1372. It was built by Tommaso di Andrea Pisano, who succeeded in harmonizing the Gothic elements of the bell-chamber with the Romanesque style of the tower. There

title: Leaning Tower of Pisa

text: but following remedial work between 1993 and 2001 this was reduced to 3.97 degrees, reducing the overhang by 45 cm at a cost of £200m. It lost a further 4 cm of tilt in the two decades to 2018. There has been controversy about the real identity of the architect of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. For many years, the design was attributed to Guglielmo and Bonanno Pisano, a well-known 12th-century resident artist of Pisa, known for his bronze casting, particularly in the Pisa Duomo. Pisano left Pisa in 1185 for Monreale, Sicily, only to come back and die in

title: Leaning Tower of Pisa

text: vita di Galileo Galilei (Historical Account of the Life of Galileo Galilei)", written by Galileo's secretary Vincenzo Viviani and published in 1717, long after Viviani's death. During World War II, the Allies suspected that the Germans were using the tower as an observation post. A U.S. Army sergeant sent to confirm the presence of German troops in the tower was impressed by the beauty of the cathedral and its campanile, and thus refrained from ordering an artillery strike, sparing it from destruction. Numerous efforts have been made to restore the tower to a vertical orientation or at least keep it

title: Leaning Tower of Pisa

text: 14, 1173 during a period of military success and prosperity. This ground floor is a blind arcade articulated by engaged columns with classical Corinthian capitals. The tower began to sink after construction had progressed to the second floor in 1178. This was due to a mere three-metre foundation, set in weak, unstable subsoil, a design that was flawed from the beginning. Construction was subsequently halted for almost a century, because the Republic of Pisa was almost continually engaged in battles with Genoa, Lucca, and Florence. This allowed time for the underlying soil to settle. Otherwise, the tower would almost certainly

title: Diotisalvi

text: origin, and it is slightly tilting. Recent studies attribute by analogies also the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa (1173) to magister Diotisalvi. The shape, the construction, the affinity with the belltower of St. Nicholas all bring to the mind the work of Diotisalvi. Like the Baptistery the tower wasn't completed by him, maybe, just like the Baptistery, was Giovanni Pisano the last architect. That should explain why there is no pyramidal roof like all the other buildings. Many of his works have some defects in common: the church of Holy Sepulchre, the belltower of St. Nicholas and the Leaning Tower

title: Leaning tower illusion

text: scene, in other words as the "Twin Towers of Pisa". Although the Pisa tower demonstrates the illusion and provides a pun for its name, the illusion can be seen in any pair of (identical) images of a receding object. Leaning tower illusion The leaning tower illusion is a visual illusion seen in a pair of identical images of the Leaning Tower of Pisa photographed from below. Although the images are duplicates, one has the impression that the tower on the right leans more, as if photographed from a different angle. The illusion was discovered by Frederick Kingdom, Ali Yoonessi and

title: Leaning Tower of Pisa

text: his home town. A piece of cast bearing his name was discovered at the foot of the tower in 1820, but this may be related to the bronze door in the façade of the cathedral that was destroyed in 1595. A 2001 study seems to indicate Diotisalvi was the original architect, due to the time of construction and affinity with other Diotisalvi works, notably the bell tower of San Nicola and the Baptistery, both in Pisa. Construction of the tower occurred in three stages over 199 years. Work on the ground floor of the white marble campanile began on August

title: Pisa

text: the Italian academic élite institutions are noted mostly for research and the education of graduate students. Construction of a new leaning tower of glass and steel 57 meters tall, containing offices and apartments was scheduled to start in summer 2004 and take 4 years. It was designed by Dante Oscar Benini and raised criticism. Located at: Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa – Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7 – 56126 Pisa (Italia) Located at: Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, P.zza Martiri della Libertà, 33 – 56127 – Pisa (Italia) Located at: Università di Pisa – Lungarno Pacinotti, 43 – 56126 Pisa (Italia) For people

title: Phallic architecture

text: dating from around 1173, has long suffered from structural problems. The tower is eight stories high at and before restoration work from 1990 leaned 5.5 degrees. It currently leans about 4 degrees but due to foundation problems it continues to sink about 1mm annually. The resemblance of the tower to a penis has seen the "Leaning Tower of Pisa" became a sexual slang term for a half erect penis. Local retailers have attempted to capitalize on the tower as a phallic architectural piece by making souvenirs featuring underwear with the tower resembling a penis. The Catholic Church denounced the promotion

title: Piazza dei Miracoli

text: representations. Therefore, surveys of the Italian Renaissance usually begin with the year 1260, the year that Nicola Pisano dated this pulpit. The campanile (bell tower), commonly known as the Leaning Tower of Pisa, is located behind the cathedral. The last of the three major buildings on the piazza to be built, construction of the bell tower began in 1173 and took place in three stages over the course of 177 years, with the bell-chamber only added in 1372. Five years after construction began, when the building had reached the third floor level, the weak subsoil and poor foundation led to

text: there was no drag on the feather, which hit the ground at the same time as the hammer. Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment Between 1589–92, the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei (then professor of mathematics at the University of Pisa) is said to have dropped two spheres of different masses from the Leaning Tower of Pisa to demonstrate that their time of descent was independent of their mass, according to a biography by Galileo's pupil Vincenzo Viviani, composed in 1654 and published in 1717. According to the story, Galileo discovered through this experiment that the objects fell with the same

title: Leaning Tower of Pisa

text: the tower were vacated for safety. The solution chosen to prevent the collapse of the tower was to slightly straighten it to a safer angle by removing of soil from underneath the raised end. The tower was straightened by , returning to its 1838 position. After a decade of corrective reconstruction and stabilization efforts, the tower was reopened to the public on December 15, 2001 and was declared stable for at least another 300 years. In total, of earth were removed. In May 2008, engineers announced that the tower had been stabilized such that it had stopped moving for the

title: Inclined tower

text: Inclined tower An inclined tower is a tower that was intentionally built at an incline. The world's most popular inclined tower, although it was not originally projected, designed, or supposed to be inclined, is the Torre di Pisa, in Pisa, Italy. The world's tallest inclined tower is the tower of Olympic Stadium in Montreal, Quebec, which stands at . The Puerta de Europa in Madrid is a matching pair of inclined towers. An inclined tower is used to hold the roof of Schwarzwald-Baar-Center, a mall in Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany. Sometimes transmission towers of powerlines running over steep mountains are built as

title: Leaning Tower of Pisa

text: are seven bells, one for each note of the musical major scale. The largest one was installed in 1655. After a phase (1990–2001) of structural strengthening, the tower is currently undergoing gradual surface restoration, in order to repair visible damage, mostly corrosion and blackening. These are particularly pronounced due to the tower's age and its exposure to wind and rain. Galileo Galilei is said to have dropped two cannonballs of different masses from the tower to demonstrate that their speed of descent was independent of their mass. However, the only primary source for this is the biography "Racconto istorico della

title: Leaning Tower of Pisa

title: Pisa

text: rain, typical of central and southern Italy, as the summer (the driest season) experiences occasional rain showers. Rainfall peaks in the autumn. While the bell tower of the cathedral, known as "the leaning Tower of Pisa", is the most famous image of the city, it is one of many works of art and architecture in the city's , also known, since the 20th century, as (Square of Miracles), to the north of the old town center. The also houses the (the Cathedral), the Baptistry and the (the monumental cemetery). The medieval complex includes the above-mentioned four sacred buildings, the hospital

text: Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment Between 1589–92, the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei (then professor of mathematics at the University of Pisa) is said to have dropped two spheres of different masses from the Leaning Tower of Pisa to demonstrate that their time of descent was independent of their mass, according to a biography by Galileo's pupil Vincenzo Viviani, composed in 1654 and published in 1717. According to the story, Galileo discovered through this experiment that the objects fell with the same acceleration, proving his prediction true, while at the same time disproving Aristotle's theory of gravity (which states that

title: Leaning Tower of Suurhusen

text: In 1450 the church was shortened by about a quarter and the tower was built in the space. This tower currently leans at an angle of 5.19°, compared with 3.97° for the Pisa tower after its stabilization. According to local historian Tjabbo van Lessen, the church was built in the Middle Ages in marshy land on foundations of oak tree trunks which were preserved by groundwater. When the land was drained in the 19th century the wood rotted, causing the tower to tilt. The steeple was closed to the public in 1975 for safety reasons, and re-opened 10 years later

title: Leaning Tower of Pisa

text: from falling over. Most of these efforts failed; some worsened the tilt. On February 27, 1964, the government of Italy requested aid in preventing the tower from toppling. It was, however, considered important to retain the current tilt, due to the role that this element played in promoting the tourism industry of Pisa. A multinational task force of engineers, mathematicians, and historians gathered on the Azores islands to discuss stabilisation methods. It was found that the tilt was increasing in combination with the softer foundations on the lower side. Many methods were proposed to stabilise the tower, including the addition

title: Pisa

text: Pisa Pisa (; or ) is a city and "comune" in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower (the bell tower of the city's cathedral), the city of over 91,104 residents (around 200,000 with the metropolitan area) contains more than 20 other historic churches, several medieval palaces, and various bridges across the Arno. Much of the city's architecture was financed from its history as one of the Italian maritime republics. The city is also

title: Leaning tower illusion

text: towers rise in parallel but are viewed from below, their corresponding outlines converge in the retinal image due to perspective. The visual system normally "corrects" for the perspective distortion and as a result perceives the towers correctly, i.e. as rising in parallel. However in the case of the two identical images of the Pisa tower, the corresponding outlines of the towers do not converge but run in parallel, and as a result the towers are perceived as non-parallel, i.e. as diverging. The illusion reveals that the visual system is obliged to treat the two images as part of the same

title: Leaning Tower of Pisa

text: than the Pisa Tower, but was deliberately engineered to slant. The Leaning Tower of Wanaka in New Zealand, also deliberately built, leans at 53 degrees to the ground. About the 5th bell: The name "Pasquareccia" comes from "Easter", because it used to ring on Easter day. However, this bell is older than the bell-chamber itself, and comes from the tower Vergata in "Palazzo Pretorio" in Pisa, where it was called "La Giustizia" (The Justice). The bell was tolled to announce executions of criminals and traitors, including Count Ugolino in 1289. A new bell was installed in the bell tower at

title: Leaning Tower of Pisa

text: of 800 tonnes of lead counterweights to the raised end of the base. The tower and the neighbouring cathedral, baptistery, and cemetery are included in the Piazza del Duomo UNESCO World Heritage Site, which was declared in 1987. The tower was closed to the public on January 7, 1990, after more than two decades of stabilisation studies and spurred by the abrupt collapse of the Civic Tower of Pavia in 1989. The bells were removed to relieve some weight, and cables were cinched around the third level and anchored several hundred meters away. Apartments and houses in the path of

title: Romanesque architecture

text: at Lucca, at the church of San Frediano and at the "Duomo". It is also seen in Spain. In Italy there are a number of large free-standing towers that are circular, the most famous of these being the Leaning Tower of Pisa. In other countries where circular towers occur, such as Germany, they are usually paired and often flank an apse. Circular towers are uncommon in England, but occur throughout the Early Medieval period in Ireland. Polygonal towers were often used on crossings and occur in France, Germany, Italy and Spain such as that of the Old Cathedral, Salamanca, which

title: Leaning tower illusion

text: Leaning tower illusion The leaning tower illusion is a visual illusion seen in a pair of identical images of the Leaning Tower of Pisa photographed from below. Although the images are duplicates, one has the impression that the tower on the right leans more, as if photographed from a different angle. The illusion was discovered by Frederick Kingdom, Ali Yoonessi and Elena Gheorghiu at McGill University, and won first prize in the Best Illusion of the Year Contest 2007. The authors suggest that the illusion occurs because of the way the visual system takes into account perspective. When two identical

title: Leaning Tower of Pisa

long_answer: The height of the tower is 55.86 metres (183.27 feet) from the ground on the low side and 56.67 metres (185.93 feet) on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is 2.44 m (8 ft 0.06 in). Its weight is estimated at 14,500 metric tons (16,000 short tons). The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase. Prior to restoration work performed between 1990 and 2001, the tower leaned at an angle of 5.5 degrees, but the tower now leans at about 3.99 degrees. This means the top of the tower is displaced horizontally 3.9 metres (12 ft 10 in) from the centre.

short_answers:
3.99 degrees
about 3.99 degrees
at about 3.99 degrees


question: who won the fifth season of america's got talent

answers: Michael Grimm

answers: Soul singer Michael Grimm

title: America's Got Talent (season 9)

text: on the live shows. "Today Show" hosts Matt Lauer and Savannah Guthrie announced the winner on the July 30th live results show. Guests: The Rockettes, Enrique Iglesias and Sean Paul Guests: Lindsey Stirling, Lzzy Hale Guests: Kenichi Ebina, Taylor Williamson Guests: Taylor Williamson and The Illusionists Guest: Ariana Grande Snapple Save: America was allowed to vote for a contestant during each of the live semifinal shows via Google, saving them from getting eliminated. The acts that could be saved are those who finished in fifth, sixth and seventh place. At the end of the show, Nick Cannon announced who was

title: Bianca Ryan

text: Bianca Ryan Bianca Taylor Ryan (born September 1, 1994) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and actress from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ryan was the first winner of NBC's "America's Got Talent" at the age of eleven. She auditioned for "Talent" in 2006 and amazed the judges with her big voice. Singing two Broadway show tunes along the way, Ryan was announced as the winner of season one on August 17. Her self-titled first album was released later in 2006, followed by two Christmas albums. Two singles followed in 2007 and 2010. After a break to finish her education, Ryan recorded a cover

title: America's Got Talent

text: Kevin Skinner, runner-up Barbara Padilla and fourth-place finisher The Texas Tenors. It featured the final ten acts which made it to the season four (2009) finale. Jerry Springer emceed, commuting weekly between Stamford, Connecticut, tapings of his self-named show and Las Vegas. In 2010, on the first live show of season five, the winner headlined "America's Got Talent Live" from Caesars Palace Casino and Resort on the Las Vegas Strip, which was part of a 25-city tour that featured the season's finalists. Jerry Springer returned as both host of the tour and the headliner of the show. In 2012, the

title: Butterscotch (performer)

text: She gained national exposure in 2007 when she appeared on the second season of "America's Got Talent". She both sang and beatboxed, as well as a combination of the two while playing the piano, for her performances. The judges passed Butterscotch through several episodes and she was voted back by the viewers several times. She was in the final four (the last stage of the competition before the winner is announced), before being voted out by the viewers on the show which aired August 20, 2007. Official site http://www.butterscotchmusic.com Butterscotch (performer) Antoinette Clinton (born September 29, 1985), known by her

title: Angelica Hale

text: lives in Atlanta, Georgia. She has a younger sister, Abigail, who was born while Hale was still competing on "America's Got Talent". Hale continues to have quarterly checkups with her doctors. Angelica Hale Angelica Hale (born July 31, 2007) is an American child singer from Atlanta, Georgia. She competed in the 12th season of "America's Got Talent", where she became the runner-up. Angelica Hale was born to James Hale and Eva Bolando on July 31, 2007, in Atlanta, Georgia. James is reportedly half Filipino, half Caucasian, while Eva is from Iligan City, Philippines. At the age of four, Hale contracted

title: Darci Lynne Farmer

text: Darci Lynne Farmer Darci Lynne Farmer (born October 12, 2004) is an American ventriloquist. She was the winner of season twelve of the NBC competition show "America's Got Talent". Farmer became both the third female and third child to win "America's Got Talent", following Bianca Ryan in season one and Grace VanderWaal in season eleven. She was also the third ventriloquist to win, following Terry Fator in season two and Paul Zerdin in season ten. Darci Lynne Farmer lives in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. She was born on October 12, 2004. Growing up, Farmer loved to sing, but she was shy

title: America's Got Talent (season 5)

text: got to meet with and have a dinner and drinks with the judges, who offered advice to the contestants. The results show aired on Thursday, May 19, 2011 at 12:00am (1 hour) and featured performances from Sarah McLachlan and the cast of "American Idiot", determining who made the top four spots in the finals. Singing sensation Susan Boyle, who was a contestant on the third series of "Got Talent"'s sister show "Britain's Got Talent", was scheduled to perform at the results show but was not able to. The producers of the show had not been given the rights to the

title: America's Got Talent (season 9)

text: that finished in fifth, sixth or seventh position faced the Judges, who chose one as the "Judges' Choice". Guests: The Muppets, Jackie Evancho Snapple Save: As in the semifinal round, America was allowed to vote for a contestant after the live show via Google, saving them from getting eliminated. The acts that could be saved are those who finished in fifth, sixth and seventh place. At the end of the show, Nick Cannon announced who was Snapple Saved for the chance to be in the Finals. The other two acts that finished in fifth, sixth or seventh position faced the

title: America's Got Talent (season 4)

text: is the list of the acts who passed through to the live rounds. America's Got Talent (season 4) The fourth season of "America's Got Talent", an American television reality show talent competition, premiered on the NBC network on June 23, 2009. Country singer Kevin Skinner was named the winner on September 16, 2009. This season is the first season to be broadcast in high definition. This season's host is Nick Cannon, who replaced Jerry Springer. Springer had said that he could not host due to other commitments. David Hasselhoff, Piers Morgan and Sharon Osbourne returned judges, despite rumors that Osbourne

title: Australia's Got Talent (season 5)

text: two acts have made it through each semi-final. One of the most notable performances was by Jack Vidgen, a 14-year-old singer who sang a rendition of Whitney Houston's "I Have Nothing" for his audition. His performance earned a standing ovation from both the judges and the audiences, and has received more than 1.5 million views on YouTube. Vidgen has since been dubbed Australia's answer to Justin Bieber, and has also attracted international and local interest. The show had also sparked controversy, with accusations of contestant Jordan Paris plagiarising other comedians' jokes in his audition, and reports of contestant Chooka Parker's

title: America's Got Talent (season 4)

text: America's Got Talent (season 4) The fourth season of "America's Got Talent", an American television reality show talent competition, premiered on the NBC network on June 23, 2009. Country singer Kevin Skinner was named the winner on September 16, 2009. This season is the first season to be broadcast in high definition. This season's host is Nick Cannon, who replaced Jerry Springer. Springer had said that he could not host due to other commitments. David Hasselhoff, Piers Morgan and Sharon Osbourne returned judges, despite rumors that Osbourne would be leaving the show. Season four was Hasselhoff's final season as a

title: America's Got Talent (season 12)

text: of the show was the same as in season eleven, and Dunkin Donuts sponsors the show for a third consecutive season. A guest judge joined the panel for each episode of the Judge Cuts round: Chris Hardwick, DJ Khaled, Laverne Cox and Seal. Darci Lynne Farmer was named the winner on the season finale, September 20, 2017. She was the third ventriloquist, third child and third female to win a season of "America's Got Talent". 10-year-old singer Angelica Hale placed second, and glow light dance troupe Light Balance came in third. Farmer won the show's prize of $1 million and

title: America's Got Talent (season 4)

text: the judges got to decide whether the contestant who placed either in fifth or sixth place got to advance to the next round. The performance episode aired on August 4, 2009, 2 hours. The results episode aired on August 5, 2009, 1 hour. It included performances by Terry Fator and Mariah Carey. Italics indicate the act was a wild card. Order indicates when the act performed during the performance episode. The performance episode aired on August 11, 2009, 2 hours. The results episode aired on August 12, 2009, 1 hour. It included performances from LMFAO and Penn and Teller. Italics

title: America's Got Talent

text: This marks the second magician to win. Acrobatic group Zurcaroh and violinist Brian King Joseph came in second and third place respectively. Stand-up comedian Samuel J. Comroe and singer Michael Ketterer rounded out the top 5. "America's Got Talent Live" is a show on the Las Vegas Strip that features the winner of each season of "America's Got Talent" as the main performance. In 2009, "America's Got Talent Live" appeared on the Las Vegas Strip appearing Wednesday through Sunday at the Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino in Las Vegas, in a limited ten-week run from October through January featuring winner

title: America's Got Talent (season 12)

text: 20, 2017. No acts were buzzed. The season finale took place on September 20, 2017. During the finale results, the top 5 acts were revealed first; then they were eliminated in reverse ranking from fifth place to third place. Darci Lynne Farmer was announced the winner at the end of the finale. She won the million-dollar prize and was set to headline at the PH Showroom at the Las Vegas Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino on November 2, 3, 4 and 5, 2017. Guest performers in the finale included Kelly Clarkson, Shania Twain, James Arthur, Derek Hough and Terry Fator.

title: Jessica Sanchez

text: Jessica Sanchez Jessica Elizabeth Sanchez (born August 4, 1995) is an American singer and songwriter originally from Chula Vista, California. She was the runner-up on the eleventh season of the reality show "American Idol". Prior to appearing on "American Idol", Sanchez competed in the first season of "America's Got Talent" at the age of 11. Jessica Elizabeth Sanchez was born in Chula Vista, California on August 4, 1995 to parents, Edita (née Bugay) and Gilbert Sanchez. She was raised in Eastlake, Chula Vista along with two younger brothers. Her mother is a Filipina whose family is from Samal, Bataan in

title: America's Got Talent

text: Got Talent" logo. On September 16, country music singer Kevin Skinner was named the season's winner. The grand prize was $1 million and a 10-week headline show at the Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino on the Las Vegas Strip. The runner-up was Bárbara Padilla, an opera singer. For season five, the network had considered moving the show to the fall, after rival series "So You Think You Can Dance" transferred from the summer to fall season in 2009. NBC ultimately decided to keep "Talent" a summer show. Open auditions were held in the winter to early spring of 2010 in

title: America's Got Talent (season 1)

text: Rudi Macaggi won the Weird and Wacky Talent Finale (aka Crazy Caliber Talent) when the 5 finalists competed for a 2007 Dodge Caliber RT (Note: Rudi Macaggi became a contestant on the fifth season but never made it past the quarterfinals as he was eliminated in the quart finals and returned later as Sharon's wildcard). He tap danced and dribbled a basketball while in a handstand, and did a standing backflip and caught a trapeze with his feet. The other finalists were Duane Flatmo (who played the guitar with an egg beater and a weed whacker), The Great Stamen Show

title: America's Got Talent (season 1)

text: Spring, Sugar n' Spice, Jessica Sanchez, N'Versity, Rabbi Baptiste, George Kelly, Andy Chitanga, Conrad Wright, Shawn Ryan, Sean and John, Natasha Le, Realis, Caitlyn Taylor Love, Marla and Michelle, Hell If I Know, Jesschelle, Trey Knight's Stilt World, Hoopalicious, and Desperation Squad. Acts that were eliminated include: Acts that advanced to the second round include: Seven additional acts from New York that also made it to the second round were briefly shown at the end of the show, since there were too many performers to fit into a one-hour episode. They include: The Hemphill Kids, Clarence Donaldson, Ten13 Concept, Billy

title: America's Got Talent (season 5)

text: The fifth season of America's Got Talent, an American television reality show talent competition, premiered in the United States on the NBC network and on Canada's Global on June 1, 2010. Soul singer Michael Grimm was named the winner on September 15, 2010, beating 10-year-old classical crossover singer Jackie Evancho.  Piers Morgan and Sharon Osbourne returned as judges. After four seasons on the show, David Hasselhoff left to host a new show and was replaced by Howie Mandel.

title: Angelica Hale

text: Angelica Hale Angelica Hale (born July 31, 2007) is an American child singer from Atlanta, Georgia. She competed in the 12th season of "America's Got Talent", where she became the runner-up. Angelica Hale was born to James Hale and Eva Bolando on July 31, 2007, in Atlanta, Georgia. James is reportedly half Filipino, half Caucasian, while Eva is from Iligan City, Philippines. At the age of four, Hale contracted a severe bacterial pneumonia, causing septic shock and multiple organ failures, including her kidneys and permanent scarring in her right lung. In 2013, after spending a total of 80 days at

title: Amira Willighagen

text: Amira Willighagen Amira Willighagen (born March 27, 2004) is a Dutch soprano singer who won the sixth season of "Holland's Got Talent" in 2013 at the age of 9. Willighagen auditioned for "Holland's Got Talent" and so impressed the judging panel with her version of "O mio babbino caro" from Puccini's opera "Gianni Schicchi" that within seconds the judges were staring in awe and disbelief. Her performance rapidly became a YouTube hit with over 37 million viewers as of October 2018. In the semi-finals, she performed Gounod's "Ave Maria", and in the final, she sang "Nessun dorma" from Puccini's opera

title: Bárbara Padilla

text: Her debut album, titled 'Barbara Padilla' was released in late 2014. Bárbara Padilla Bárbara Padilla (; born December 9, 1980) is a Mexican-American operatic soprano. She was the runner-up on the fourth season of "America's Got Talent". She is well known as a survivor of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Bárbara Padilla was born in Guadalajara, Mexico where she studied music, acting, and dance. While in college, Padilla was diagnosed with Hodgkins Lymphoma and underwent several rounds of chemotherapy and radiation. During this time, Padilla was told that she might never be able to sing again because the radiation could harm her vocal

title: America's Got Talent (season 1)

text: (who played music by tapping his teeth), The Douglas Lee (who played water-filled drinking glasses), and Dave Nakfoor (who caught hard-boiled eggs in his mouth). Jessica Sanchez finished as the runner-up to Phillip Phillips on the season eleven of "American Idol". David and Dania made a cameo on Big Brother 19. America's Got Talent (season 1) The first season of "America's Got Talent" premiered on June 21, 2006 and concluded on August 17, 2006. The audition tour took place in April 2006, stopping at Los Angeles, New York, and Chicago. Regis Philbin was the host for this season. David Hasselhoff,

title: Belgium's Got Talent (Flanders)

text: won by Karolien Goris who was an 11 year old singer. The second season, which was in 2013, was won by Michael Lanzo who was a 34 year old singer. After the series was off the air in 2014, it returned for the third season in 2015 who was won by an Italian named Domenico Vaccaro who was a 22 year old pole dancer. The fourth season, which was in 2016 and 2017, is won by Baba Yega who are a dance troupe. The fifth season was in 2018, and was won by Tascha and Ian, who are an acrobatic

title: Anna Graceman

text: me realize I was watching Juneau's version of "Who's Got Talent" – particularly when 10-year-old Anna Graceman sang all her original songs." Summer, 2011 – "America's Got Talent" Season Six: At her audition, Graceman performed "If I Ain't Got You" by Alicia Keys while accompanying herself on the keyboard. She received a standing ovation from Howie Mandel, Piers Morgan, and Sharon Osbourne, the show's three judges. Her audition video went viral on the Internet and caught the attention of the mainstream press. The video garnered over 28 million views on YouTube, the most of any "America's Got Talent" audition video.

title: Allison Iraheta

text: Allison Iraheta Allison Iraheta (born April 27, 1992) is an American singer from Los Angeles, California, who was the fourth place finalist on the eighth season of "American Idol". Prior to "Idol", Iraheta won the Telemundo competition "Quinceañera: Mamá Quiero Ser Artista". Following the conclusion of "Idol", Iraheta was signed to a record deal with 19 Entertainment and Jive Records. Her debut album "Just Like You" was released on December 1, 2009. She is currently the lead singer in the band Halo Circus. Iraheta was born in Glendale, California, to Salvadoran immigrants who moved to the United States before she

title: Angelica Hale

text: judge Chris Hardwick, after covering Alicia Keys' "Girl on Fire", and advanced immediately. During the live shows, she sang "Clarity" by Zedd and Foxes at the Quarterfinals and "Without You" by David Guetta for her Semifinals performance. Hale advanced to the Top 10 finals where she performed "Symphony" by Clean Bandit and Zara Larsson. For the finale in episode 22, she performed "Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)" by Kelly Clarkson with Clarkson and fellow contestant Kechi Okwuchi. She finished the competition in second place, becoming the youngest runner-up in the show's history. Shortly after "America's Got Talent", Hale performed in

title: America's Got Talent (season 3)

text: California on September 10, 2008. The episode included a special guest performance from Terry Fator, the winner of the previous season. Fator had Winston the Turtle sing "Let's Get It On", and Elvis impersonator Maynard Thompkins sing "Viva Las Vegas". Acts that were eliminated include: Italics indicate the act was a wild card. Order indicates when the act performed during the performance episode. The results show for the Top 20 performances was broadcast from Los Angeles, California on September 11, 2008. The Top 10 episode was broadcast from Los Angeles, California on September 17, 2008. Acts that were eliminated include:

title: America's Got Talent (season 6)

text: season six took place over two nights. The one-hour performance episode aired on September 13, 2011, and featured a performance from season two winner Terry Fator. The two-hour finale aired on September 14, 2011, featuring special performances from many guest performers, including Def Leppard, OneRepublic, a duet with Tony Bennett and Queen Latifah, the cast of Cirque du Soleil's "Iris", and season five runner-up Jackie Evancho. It also included celebrity-contestant duet performances. Landau Eugene Murphy, Jr. performed with Patti Labelle, Team iLuminate with Cobra Starship, the Silhouettes with LeAnn Rimes, and POPLYFE with Stevie Wonder. The performance show was watched

title: America's Got Talent (season 5)

short_answers:
Michael Grimm
Soul singer Michael Grimm