question: where is the tennessee titans football stadium located

answers: Nashville, Tennessee

title: Nashville, Tennessee

text: played at the Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis for one season, then moved to Nashville in 1998 and played in Vanderbilt Stadium for one season. During those two years, the team was known as the Tennessee Oilers, but changed its name to Titans in 1999. The team now plays at Nissan Stadium in Nashville, which opened in 1999. Since moving to Nashville, the Titans have won three division championships (2000, 2002, and 2008) and one conference championship (1999). They competed in 1999's Super Bowl XXXIV, losing to the St. Louis Rams, 23–16. The city previously hosted the 1939 Nashville

title: Neyland Stadium

text: largest stadium in the United States, the sixth largest stadium in the world, and the second largest stadium in the Southeastern Conference. The stadium is named for Robert Neyland, who served three stints as head football coach at the University of Tennessee between 1926 and 1952. The Tennessee Volunteers football team originally played at Baldwin Park, which was once located between Grand Avenue and Dale Avenue, north of Fort Sanders. From 1908 to 1920, the team played at Wait Field, which was located where the Walters Life Science Building now stands. The stadium was first conceived in 1919. Colonel W.S.

title: Tennessee Titans

text: for one season. The team then moved to Nashville in 1998 and played in Vanderbilt Stadium. For those two years, they were known as the "Tennessee Oilers", but changed their name to "Tennessee Titans" for the 1999 season. The team currently plays at Nissan Stadium in Nashville, which opened in 1999 as Adelphia Coliseum. The Titans' training facility is at Saint Thomas Sports Park, a site at the MetroCenter complex in Nashville. The team has appeared once in the Super Bowl (XXXIV), the same year they changed their name to "Titans", and in which they lost to the St. Louis

title: History of the Tennessee Titans

text: AFC's Central Division, which they were part of until 2002. After fan support in Houston collapsed for the 1996 season, the Oilers announced they would be moving to Tennessee for 1997. They intended to play at a new stadium in Nashville, but it would not be ready until 1999. The largest stadium in Nashville at the time, Vanderbilt Stadium on the campus of Vanderbilt University, seated only 41,000 — a capacity deemed too small for even temporary use. Vanderbilt was also unwilling to permit alcohol sales. However, Adams ruled out using the state's largest stadium, the University of Tennessee's Neyland

title: Tom Black Track at LaPorte Stadium

text: Tom Black Track at LaPorte Stadium Tom Black Track at LaPorte Stadium is home to the University of Tennessee Volunteers men's and women's outdoor track and field teams. It is located in the heart of the university's campus in Knoxville, Tennessee. Known commonly as Tom Black Track, the facility opened in 1966 after former Tennessee track and field coach Chuck Rohe spearheaded a drive to build a track facility for his program. The facility is named in honor of Tom Black, a Knoxville businessman and potato chip entrepreneur (whose company was later acquired by Tom's Snacks), whose donation led to

title: Tennessee

text: from Martin, and the Tennessee Tech Golden Eagles from Cookeville. These three schools, along with fellow OVC member Tennessee State, play each season in football for the Sgt. York Trophy. The Chattanooga Mocs and Johnson City's East Tennessee State Buccaneers are full members, including football, of the Southern Conference. Tennessee is also home to Bristol Motor Speedway which features NASCAR Cup Series racing two weekends a year, routinely selling out more than 160,000 seats on each date; it also was the home of the Nashville Superspeedway, which held Nationwide and IndyCar races until it was shut down in 2012. Tennessee's

title: Neyland Stadium

text: Neyland Stadium Neyland Stadium (pronounced "NEE-land") is a sports stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It serves primarily as the home of the Tennessee Volunteers football team, but is also used to host large conventions and has been a site for several National Football League (NFL) exhibition games. The stadium's official capacity is 102,455. Constructed in 1921, and originally called Shields–Watkins Field (the playing surface is still called that today), the stadium has undergone 16 expansion projects, at one point reaching a capacity of 104,079 before being slightly reduced by alterations in the following decade. Neyland Stadium is the fifth

title: Tennessee State Route 450

text: Tennessee State Route 450 State Route 450 (SR 450) is a short and unsigned east–west secondary state highway in Knoxville, within the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee. It travels from SR 158 (Neyland Drive) overlaying Joe Johnson Drive on the campus of the University of Tennessee at Knoxville. It serves as a feeder route for traffic between the main campus and the agricultural campus for the university. SR 450 begins at an intersection with SR 158 (Neyland Drive). It travels to the northeast, crossing through the agricultural campus of the University of Tennessee at Knoxville and over

title: Neyland Stadium

text: a 12-inch bed of sand to enhance drainage. Neyland Stadium Neyland Stadium (pronounced "NEE-land") is a sports stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It serves primarily as the home of the Tennessee Volunteers football team, but is also used to host large conventions and has been a site for several National Football League (NFL) exhibition games. The stadium's official capacity is 102,455. Constructed in 1921, and originally called Shields–Watkins Field (the playing surface is still called that today), the stadium has undergone 16 expansion projects, at one point reaching a capacity of 104,079 before being slightly reduced by alterations in

title: Tennessee State Route 46

text: Tennessee State Route 46 State Route 46 (SR 46) is a north-south state highway located in Middle Tennessee. It mainly goes on a northwest to southeast course while passing through towns and cities such as Cumberland City, Dickson, Leipers Fork, along with mainly rural areas of Stewart, Houston, Dickson, Hickman and Williamson Counties. Most of SR 46 is signed as a secondary route except for the route from US 70 in Dickson to the junction with SR 7 and SR 100. SR 46 begins as a secondary highway in Stewart County just north of Indian Mound at a junction with

title: Lindsey Nelson Stadium

text: Lindsey Nelson Stadium Lindsey Nelson Stadium is a baseball stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee. It is the home field of the University of Tennessee Volunteers college baseball team. The stadium opened in 1993 and holds 4,283 people. The Stadium is named after Hall of Fame announcer Lindsey Nelson, who attended UT. Lindsey Nelson Stadium is also the name of a football stadium in Nelson's home town of Columbia. Completed in 1959, it is home field of Nelson's alma mater, Columbia Central High School. It was originally known as Maury County Stadium, and was renamed for Nelson following his death in 1995.

title: Tennessee State Route 1

text: it turns right and southeast, joining US 41 and becoming known as Lafayette Street (briefly) and then Murfreesboro Road. East of Nashville, SR 1 runs along the following routes: SR 1 enters Knox County along with US 70 and US 11 (which joins SR 1 a few feet from the county line). From here to near the downtown area, the road is locally known as Kingston Pike and near the University of Tennessee campus it is known as Cumberland Avenue. It turns north onto Henley Street becoming Broadway Street, east onto Magnolia Avenue, north onto Hall of Fame Drive, and

title: Tennessee

text: Tennessee Tennessee (, ; ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, Arkansas to the west, and Missouri to the northwest. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Nashville is the state's capital and largest city, with a population of 660,388. Tennessee's second largest

title: History of the Tennessee Titans

text: 1998. In 1999, Adelphia Coliseum, now known as Nissan Stadium, was completed and the newly christened Titans had a grand season, finishing with a 13–3 record — the best season in franchise history. They won their first game as the "Titans", defeating the Bengals before a sold out stadium (Every game since the Titans moved to Nashville has been sold out). They did not lose a game at home and finished one game behind the Jacksonville Jaguars for the AFC Central title. Tennessee then won their first round playoff game over the Buffalo Bills on a designed play, known as

title: Finley Stadium

text: Finley Stadium W. Max Finley Stadium (commonly called Finley Stadium) is the home stadium for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga football team, UTC soccer, and Chattanooga FC (NPSL), an amateur Division 4 soccer team. The stadium also hosts various high school sports and musical concerts. It is located in Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States. The stadium, which opened in 1997, has a current capacity of 20,668, and hosted the NCAA Division I National Championship Game from its opening season through 2009, after which the game moved to Pizza Hut Park in the Dallas suburb of Frisco, Texas. The stadium is

title: Graham Stadium

text: Graham Stadium Hardy M. Graham Stadium is a 7,500-seat multi-purpose stadium in Martin, Tennessee. It is home to the University of Tennessee at Martin Skyhawks football team. The facility opened in 1964. It is located north of Tennessee State Route 431 (University Avenue, formerly Highway 22) from the central campus area, adjacent to the Agricultural Experiment Station. The stadium is named in honor of Hardy M. Graham, a long-time supporter on UT Martin, who has contributed over $1 million to the university. The naming of the stadium took place on July 19, 2001. Previous to this, the stadium had been

title: Interstate 440 (Tennessee)

text: Interstate 440 (Tennessee) Interstate 440 (I-440) is a auxiliary loop interstate highway in Davidson County, Tennessee which serves as a southern bypass for downtown Nashville. The route is known locally as the Four-Forty Parkway and connects to I-40, I-65, and I-24, as well as multiple U.S. and state routes. The majority of I-440 is located below the street level of adjoining streets and roads, in an artificially-cut gulch. It has three lanes in each direction, separated by a narrow grassy median, which makes it susceptible to crossover crashes. Most of the route is also landscaped, and shares engineering similarities to

title: Tennessee State Route 196

text: Tennessee State Route 196 State Route 196 (SR 196) is a state highway located within Fayette County, Tennessee. It runs from Piperton north to Braden. The entire route is a two-lane rural highway. SR 196 begins at US 72 in Piperton, within a few yards of the Tennessee state line with Mississippi. It travels north until it intersects with Old State Line Road near the center of town and turns east then north across the Norfolk Southern Railway. It crosses SR 57 near the commercial center of Piperton. It continues north and crosses the Wolf River. From here it heads

title: Tennessee Volunteers football

text: out of the Neyland-Thompson Sports Complex, down past the Tennessee Volunteers Wall of Fame, and make their way down Peyton Manning Pass and onto Phillip Fulmer Way. Thousands of fans line the street to shake the players' hands as they walk into Neyland Stadium. Through rain, snow, sleet, or sunshine, the Vol faithful are always out in full force to root on the Vols as they prepare for the game. The fans are always pumped up with Rocky Top played by The Pride of the Southland Band. The "T" appears in two special places in Vol history and tradition. Coach

title: Nissan Stadium

title: Knoxville, Tennessee

text: World's Fair helped reinvigorate the city, and revitalization initiatives by city leaders and private developers have had major successes in spurring growth in the city, especially the downtown area. Knoxville is the home of the flagship campus of the University of Tennessee, whose sports teams, called the "Volunteers" or "Vols", are extremely popular in the surrounding area. Knoxville is also home to the headquarters of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Tennessee Supreme Court's courthouse for East Tennessee and the corporate headquarters of several national and regional companies. As one of the largest cities in the Appalachian region, Knoxville has positioned

title: Nissan Stadium

text: funded through the sale of personal seat licenses. Some State of Tennessee money was allocated to the project, on the condition that the Tennessee State University football team move its home games there, and with the request that the incoming NFL team be named "Tennessee" (instead of "Nashville"), which the franchise was planning to do anyway, in an attempt to appeal to the broader region. The stadium's construction was delayed when the construction site was hit by a tornado that struck downtown Nashville on April 16, 1998 and destroyed several cranes, but the stadium opened in time for the first

title: Tennessee State Route 47

text: Tennessee State Route 47 State Route 47 (SR 47) is a Tennessee State Highway located entirely within Dickson County. State Route 47 is generally traversed only in part; the two termini are in fact only about eight miles (13 km) distant from each other, and are impractiable as a route from end-to-end, as the distance the highway runs is over twice this long. State Route 47 begins as a secondary highway at an intersection with State Route 48 slightly southeast of downtown Dickson near the Fairgrounds. In the Dickson city limits, it is known as East Walnut Street. Outside of

title: Titans Radio Network

text: of Texas and western Louisiana to only the flagship station in Houston, and a few affiliates in Tennessee, including its future flagship, Adult contemporary-formatted WGFX/Gallatin, which is really based in Nashville. In October 1996, KTRH cut off games in favor of preseason basketball involving the Houston Rockets of the NBA. It was renamed the Tennessee Oilers Radio Network in 1997 during the team's first season in Tennessee. The headquarters were now located in Nashville, but their home games were played in the Liberty Bowl in Memphis in 1997 and the Vanderbilt University's Stadium in 1998 and at least until their

title: Tennessee State Route 400

text: Tennessee State Route 400 State Route 400 (SR 400) is a state highway in Washington and Carter counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It connects the cities of Johnson City, Watauga and Elizabethton. SR 400 begins as a pair of one way streets (Watauga and Unaka Avenues) at an intersection with SR 91 (which is also a pair of one way streets) in downtown Johnson City. It heads north to have an interchange with I-26/US 23/US 19W (Exit 22) and continues northeast as a pair of one way streets. The northbound lanes then leave Watauga Avenue and turn northwest

title: Tennessee State Route 223

text: Tennessee State Route 223 State Route 223 (SR 223) is a state route in Madison County, Tennessee. It runs from SR 138 near Mercer to I-40, just west of Jackson. The highway is the main access road for McKellar-Sipes Regional Airport, the regional airport for Jackson and the surrounding areas. Also, TDOT's Region 4 office is located at the highway's interchange with I-40. SR 223 begins as Shady Grove Road just east of Mercer at an intersection with SR 138. It goes northeast through farmland and wooded areas to pass through Denmark, where it makes a sharp right turn onto

title: Tennessee State Route 43

text: Tennessee State Route 43 State Route 43 (SR 43) is a south to north highway in Tennessee that is 56.79 miles (91.39 km) long. It begins in Madison County and ends in Obion County. State Route 43 is little-known by the general public by this designation as it is overlain by U.S. Route 45E for most of its length; the "43" designation is seen largely on mileposts. Two short sections of this route at Martin and South Fulton is fully signed. SR 43 from its southern terminus to Milan is designated as a Strategic Highway Network connector route servicing the

title: Tennessee State Route 205

text: to bypass this road. After its opening, truck restrictions were placed on both SR 205 and SR 196. The entire route is in Shelby County. Tennessee State Route 205 State Route 205 (SR 205) is a state highway in Shelby County, Tennessee. SR 205 begins in Collierville at SR 57 (locally known as East Poplar Avenue) and is known by the name Collierville-Arlington Road, as this is the main route between the two towns. It continues north through Collierville as four lanes until it reaches the Wolf River, where it becomes a two-lane road. It crosses the Wolf River at

title: Central, Tennessee

text: Central, Tennessee Central is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in western Carter County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 2,717 at the 2000 census and 2,279 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region. Central is located at (36.323090, -82.299684), between Elizabethton and Johnson City. According to the United States Census Bureau, as of 2000 the CDP had a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000,

title: Tennessee State Route 214

text: Tennessee State Route 214 State Route 214 (SR 214) is a two-lane east-to-west state highway located in Obion County in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the former alignment of U.S. Route 51 (US 51) between Union City and South Fulton before the existing freeway alignment was constructed slightly to the north. Locally, this road is known as the Ken Tenn Highway. SR 214 begins at an intersection with US 45W, SR 22, and SR 184 in Union City. The SR 22 freeway goes north and south. US 45W comes in from the west and goes north with SR

title: Nissan Stadium

long_answer: Nissan Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Nashville, Tennessee, United States, owned by the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County. It is primarily used for football and is the home field of the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL) and the Tennessee State Tigers of Tennessee State University. The stadium is also the site of the Franklin American Mortgage Music City Bowl, a postseason college football bowl game played each December, and is occasionally used as a venue for soccer matches. Nissan Stadium is used for large concerts, such as the CMA Music Festival nightly concerts which take place for four days every June. Facilities are included to enable the stadium to host other public events, meetings, parties, and gatherings.


question: how many players on the line of scrimmage in american football

answers: at least seven players

answers: at least seven

answers: seven

title: Line of scrimmage

text: came into use in 1880. Developed by Walter Camp (who introduced many innovations that are part of the modern game of American football), it replaced a contested scrimmage that had descended from the game's rugby roots. This uncontested line of scrimmage would set into motion many more rules that lead to the formation of the modern form of American football. Line of scrimmage In American and Canadian football, a line of scrimmage is an imaginary transverse line (across the width of the football field) beyond which a team cannot cross until the next play has begun. Its location is based

title: Line of scrimmage

text: of their line of scrimmage. In American football, the set distance of the line of scrimmage between the offense and defense is , the length of the ball. In Canadian football, the set distance of the line of scrimmage is , almost three times as long as the American line. Many fans and commentators refer colloquially to the entire neutral zone as the "line of scrimmage," although this is technically not correct. Others use the general term to refer specifically to the defensive line of scrimmage, since it is the line relevant to the measurement of progress toward the goal.

title: Line of scrimmage

text: Line of scrimmage In American and Canadian football, a line of scrimmage is an imaginary transverse line (across the width of the football field) beyond which a team cannot cross until the next play has begun. Its location is based on the spot where the ball is placed after the end of the most recent play and following the assessment of any penalty yards. A line of scrimmage is parallel to the goal lines and touches one edge of the ball where it sits on the ground prior to the snap. Under NFL, NCAA, and NFHS rules, there are two

title: History of American football positions

text: the forwards) was fixed at three per team. It became customary for six to eight of the other players to continue as what might be known in rugby as loose (non-packing, i.e. not binding together) forwards who in Canadian football formed "wing lines" on either side of the scrimmage. In scrimmage, each team had one centre scrimmager flanked by two side scrimmagers. The side scrimmagers bound with hands and arms to their centre scrimmager. The centre scrimmager of the side entitled (and required) to do so would put the ball down in front of him for play by scrimmage, while

title: Play from scrimmage

text: as a turnover. Play from scrimmage A play from scrimmage is the activity of the games of Canadian football and American football during which one team tries to advance the ball, get a first down, or to score, and the other team tries to stop them or take the ball away. Once a play is over, and before the next play starts, the football is considered dead. A game of American football (or Canadian Football) consists of many (about 120-150) such plays. The term is also used to denote a specific plan of action, or its execution, under a particular

title: Play from scrimmage

text: Play from scrimmage A play from scrimmage is the activity of the games of Canadian football and American football during which one team tries to advance the ball, get a first down, or to score, and the other team tries to stop them or take the ball away. Once a play is over, and before the next play starts, the football is considered dead. A game of American football (or Canadian Football) consists of many (about 120-150) such plays. The term is also used to denote a specific plan of action, or its execution, under a particular set of circumstances

title: American football rules

text: neutral zone, an area of the field no player other than the snapper may position himself in or above before the snap. Each team has its own line of scrimmage, thought of as a vertical plane from sideline to sideline that passes through the point of the ball nearest its own goal line. A typical offense is made up of a quarterback, five offensive linemen, two wide receivers, a running back, a fullback, and a tight end, however teams will vary their personnel on the field to fit any given play. A quarterback is essentially the leader of the offense.

title: American football rules

text: are either the running back, fullback, tight end, or wide receivers. The remaining five linemen, often called "interior linemen" do not normally handle the ball during a play. Because of these rules, various leagues of American football have enacted strict rules of uniform numbering so officials may more easily judge which players were eligible and which were not at the start of a play. For example, in college football, ineligible players wear numbers 50–79, while eligible receivers wear 1–49 or 80–99. Even within this structure, offenses can still present a wide number of formations, so long as they maintain the

title: Comparison of American football and rugby union

text: line of scrimmage (most often the quarterback) is permitted to throw the ball forward from behind the line of scrimmage, provided that only one forward pass may be attempted during each play. A player can attempt a forward pass if he has already received a backwards pass, provided he stays behind the line of scrimmage. Professional and most scholastic American football team play has evolved from a single team with all players except limited substitutions playing the entire game, to a specialized "platoon" system consisting of three separate units (offensive, defensive, and "special teams" used for kicking and punting) with

title: Yards from scrimmage

text: Yards from scrimmage Yards from scrimmage is an American football and Canadian football statistical measure. In the game of football, progress is measured by advancing the football towards the opposing team's goal line. Progress can be made during play by the offensive team by advancing the ball from the point of progress at the start of play known as the line of scrimmage. When the offensive team advances the ball by rushing the football, the player who carries the ball is given credit for the difference in progress measured in rushing yards. When the offensive team advances the ball by

title: Comparison of American and Canadian football

text: is further explained in the kicker advancing the ball section. In American football, after all players are set, only one offensive player is allowed to be in motion, and he cannot be moving toward the line of scrimmage while the ball is snapped. The motion player must also be behind the line of scrimmage; players on the line cannot be in motion. In Canadian football, "all offensive backfield players", except the quarterback, may be in motion at the snap – players in motion may move in any direction as long as they are behind the line of scrimmage at the

title: Formation (American football)

text: be two additional players on the line of scrimmage called ends. These players are eligible receivers and may play near the linemen (tight ends) or farther away (split end or wide receiver). Most teams play additional players near (but still off) the line of scrimmage to act as extra pass receivers. Up to four players can be behind the offensive line, but one is always designated the quarterback (defined as the player who receives the ball from the center). Upon the snap of the ball, the quarterback becomes the "ball carrier". The ball carrier has five options: The three other

text: snap. In addition, the two players on the ends of the line of scrimmage (generally wide receivers) may also be in motion along the line. Many teams encourage this unlimited motion, as it can confuse the defence. It also provides receivers the advantage of a running start, as they can time their runs so that they cross the line of scrimmage at speed when the ball is snapped, allowing them to get downfield faster than receivers in American football, allowing for comparatively longer throws in the same amount of time after the snap or quicker throws for a given distance.

title: History of American football

text: with the establishment of the line of scrimmage, transformed the game from a variation of rugby football into the distinct sport of American football. Camp was central to several more significant rule changes that came to define American football. In 1881, the field was reduced in size to its modern dimensions of 120 by 53 yards (109.7 by 48.8 meters). Several times in 1883, Camp tinkered with the scoring rules, finally arriving at four points for a touchdown, two points for kicks after touchdowns, two points for safeties, and five for field goals. Camp's innovations in the area of point

text: is in position to block following the snap. The defensive team must stay a set distance away from the line of scrimmage on their side of the line. In Canadian football, the distance between the line of scrimmage and the defensive team is one full yard. Because of this one-yard distance, teams will tend to gamble on "third and one" or "third and inches". If a team has possession within one yard of either goal line, the line of scrimmage is moved to the one-yard line. In American football, the set distance between the offensive and defensive teams is eleven

title: Snap (gridiron football)

text: from the line of scrimmage for 50 minutes of the 60-minute game that it is extremely difficult to hear if the defense is simulating the count. The snap, the set scrum and ruck in today's rugby union, and the play-the-ball in rugby league have common origins in rugby football. As the rules of rugby's scrimmage were written when the game came to North America, they had a significant flaw which was corrected by custom elsewhere, but by the invention of the snap in American football. The rule adopted by a committee for American football in 1880 first provided for the

title: Walter Camp

text: his death. English rugby football rules at the time required a tackled player, when the ball was "fairly held," to put the ball down immediately for scrummage. Camp proposed at the U.S. College Football 1880 rules convention that the contested scrimmage be replaced with a "line of scrimmage" where the team with the ball started with uncontested possession. This change effectively created the evolution of the modern game of American football from its rugby football origins. He is credited with innovations such as the snap-back from center, the system of downs, and the points system as well as the introduction

title: Sports in North America

text: of scrimmage, measurements in yards, players wearing hard plastic helmets and shoulder pads, more specialist positions and formations, among others. Walter Camp, known as the "Father of American Football", is credited with creating the system of downs and line of scrimmage rules in the 1880s that originally differentiate gridiron football from its older counterparts. Canada would later implement similar rules when the Ontario Rugby Football Union adopted the Burnside rules in 1903. Association football is the most popular sport in almost all North, Central American and Caribbean Countries. Unqualified, "football" is generally understood to refer to whichever form of football

title: American football rules

text: as long as all players are "behind the line" (that is, on the side of the line nearest their own end zone). Players who line up opposite the offensive line are called defensive linemen, usually with one or two defensive tackles in the middle (a single defensive tackle is often called the nose guard or nose tackle) and with one defensive end on each side. A defensive lineman's job is typically to put pressure on the opposing teams quarterback by rushing the offensive line. The defensive line is also most often the first set of players the opponent must get

title: Eligible receiver

text: it out of the end zone, where the Alouettes recovered it for a touchdown. American football only allows free kicks and scrimmage kicks made from behind the line of scrimmage; any kick beyond the line of scrimmage or after change of possession would result in a penalty. (Some levels of American football allow the rare fair catch kick, which according to the NFL rules is neither a free kick nor scrimmage kick, but "sui generis".) In both American and Canadian football, a safety (or safety touch) awards 2 points to the defending team if the offensive team is brought down

title: American football rules

text: can vary, however their most common role is to help the cornerbacks cover the opponent's wide receivers, which is called "double coverage". The linemen and linebackers close to the line of scrimmage, are often referred to as playing "in the box". Players outside "the box" (usually cornerbacks and safeties) are collectively referred to as the "secondary". A scrimmage down begins with a "snap", where the center throws or hands the ball backward to one of the backs, usually the quarterback. The quarterback then either hands the ball off to a back, throws the ball, or runs with it himself. The

title: History of American football positions

text: both sets of three bodies each ("formed into one compact body" as the rules specified) were crouched and shoving forward at each other, probably meeting at the shoulders as do the front row of forwards in rugby's set scummage. Depending on the rules, details of the time for the particular circuit of Canadian football clubs, the centre scrimmagers would either contend with their feet for the ball, or one would be entitled to foot it first (usually heeling it back), while the other team's would try to spoil the ball's delivery. The backfield of three to five players continued to

title: College football

text: of scrimmage, transformed the game from a variation of rugby football into the distinct sport of American football. Camp was central to several more significant rule changes that came to define American football. In 1881, the field was reduced in size to its modern dimensions of 120 by 53 yards (109.7 by 48.8 meters). Several times in 1883, Camp tinkered with the scoring rules, finally arriving at four points for a touchdown, two points for kicks after touchdowns, two points for safeties, and five for field goals. Camp's innovations in the area of point scoring influenced rugby union's move to

text: the line. Only the quarterback and linemen must be motionless at the time of the snap, allowing up to six players to be moving toward or along the line at varying speeds (typically the wide receivers are still or at a walking pace at the snap to ensure they are at the line of scrimmage.) In both the college and pro games, an offensive team with the lead has more difficulty in running out the clock in the Canadian game. In the Canadian Football League, the clock is stopped while the officials place the ball, and then they whistle the

title: American football strategy

text: of scrimmage and gain yards, or the quarterback keeps the ball himself and runs beyond the line of scrimmage. In both cases, the offensive line's main job is to run block, preventing the defensive players from tackling the ball carrier. The choice of running play depends on the strengths of an offensive team, the weaknesses of the defense they are opposing, and the distance needed to score a touchdown or gain a first down. There are many kinds of running plays, including: When a passing play occurs, the backs and receivers run specific patterns, or routes, and the quarterback throws

title: American football plays

text: from the line of scrimmage to 3-5 yards downfield. The route itself may be executed several ways. The most common is also known as the arrow. This consists of a receiver lining up near the offensive tackle and then taking a short angled path directly to this area. Running backs often will execute a special flat route that involves them running toward the sideline without the ball from the backfield and then turning upfield as a receiver. This is often referred to as a swing route. Particularly in the highest levels of competition (professional and major college), a play may

title: Early history of American football

text: down-and-distance rules. The 1880 season also saw the first year of 11 players to a team. From 1869 to 1873, one saw 25 players to a side. From 1873 to 1875, one saw 20 players per side. 1876 to 1879 saw 15 players per side. Camp's new scrimmage rules revolutionized the game, though not always as intended. Princeton, in particular, used scrimmage play to slow the game, making incremental progress towards the end zone during each down. Rather than increase scoring, which had been Camp's original intent, the rule was exploited to maintain control of the ball for the entire

title: Six-man football

text: Furthermore, the game specifies a 15-yard distance (14-m) from the line of scrimmage to gain a first down, instead of the normal 10 yards (9 m). All six players are eligible to be receivers. On offense, three linemen are required on the line of scrimmage at the start of the play. The player to whom the ball is snapped cannot run the ball past the line of scrimmage; however, if the ball is tossed to another player, that player can run or throw the ball and the player to whom the ball was snapped is still an eligible receiver. All

title: Conversion (gridiron football)

text: score on an extra-point attempt. In American high school and college football, the line of scrimmage is the three-yard line (a small dash is denoted on the field of this on the 3-yard line). In American football, the game clock does not run during an extra-point attempt, except for some rare circumstances at the high-school level (some state associations allow for the clock to run continuously in the second half if one team is leading the other by a large margin) and for arena football, which runs the clock continuously except during the final minute of each half and overtime.

title: Eligible receiver

long_answer: In both American and Canadian professional football, every player on the defensive team is considered eligible. The offensive team must have at least seven players lined up on the line of scrimmage. Of the players on the line of scrimmage, only the two players on the ends of the line of scrimmage are eligible receivers. The remaining players are in the backfield (four in American football, five in Canadian football), including the quarterback. These backfield players are also eligible receivers. In the National Football League, a quarterback who takes his stance behind center as a T-formation quarterback is not eligible unless, before the ball is snapped, he legally moves to a position at least one yard behind the line of scrimmage or on the end of the line, and is stationary in that position for at least one second before the snap, but is nonetheless not counted toward the seven men required on the line of scrimmage.

short_answers:
at least seven
at least seven players
seven


question: where does the last name cintron come from

answers: Portuguese

answers: Spanish-French

title: Kermit Cintrón

text: Kermit Cintrón Kermit Cintrón (born October 22, 1979) is a Puerto Rican professional boxer. He held the IBF welterweight title from 2006 to 2008, and has challenged once for the WBC super welterweight title in 2011. Cintrón had a tough childhood. He witnessed his mother lie in bed for months before she died of cancer. Unable to care for Cintrón and his siblings, Cintrón's father sent him to the United States, with Cintrón's uncle, Benjamin Serrano, a former Middleweight contender who had fought Frank Fletcher among others. Cintrón's father, however, kept regular contact with his kids. But when Cintrón was

title: Kermit Cintrón

text: knocked out in five rounds by Canelo Álvarez. Kermit Cintrón Kermit Cintrón (born October 22, 1979) is a Puerto Rican professional boxer. He held the IBF welterweight title from 2006 to 2008, and has challenged once for the WBC super welterweight title in 2011. Cintrón had a tough childhood. He witnessed his mother lie in bed for months before she died of cancer. Unable to care for Cintrón and his siblings, Cintrón's father sent him to the United States, with Cintrón's uncle, Benjamin Serrano, a former Middleweight contender who had fought Frank Fletcher among others. Cintrón's father, however, kept regular

title: Alex Cintrón

text: Alex Cintrón Alexander Cintrón (born December 17, 1978) is a former Major League Baseball infielder. His last Major League game was in April 2009. After more than two years in the minors trying to get back to the big leagues, Cintrón retired on May 24, 2011. He came out of retirement and played for the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball in 2012. He is currently the hitting coach for the Houston Astros. Cintrón was drafted in the 37th round of the 1997 Major League Baseball draft by the Arizona Diamondbacks, spending the '97 season with

title: Alex Cintrón

text: for the Sugar Land Skeeters, a minor league team located in Sugar Land, Texas, a suburb of Houston. Alex Cintrón Alexander Cintrón (born December 17, 1978) is a former Major League Baseball infielder. His last Major League game was in April 2009. After more than two years in the minors trying to get back to the big leagues, Cintrón retired on May 24, 2011. He came out of retirement and played for the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball in 2012. He is currently the hitting coach for the Houston Astros. Cintrón was drafted in the

title: Kermit Cintrón

text: his prime. Cintrón did not start boxing in the amateurs until he was 19. He compiled a record of 24 wins and 5 losses as an amateur. On October 7, 2000, Cintrón knocked out Jesse Williams in two rounds in Lancaster to begin his professional career. Cintrón thus began an undefeated streak that would last for more than three-and-a-half years. One of his toughest tests during that streak came against Omar Davila on February 16, 2002. Cintrón took the fight on one week's notice and traveled to his opponent's hometown of San Antonio. Despite being cut on the side of

title: Ciron

text: Ciron The Ciron is a left tributary of the Garonne, in Gironde, Southwest France. The Ciron rises in the eastern end of the Moors of Gascony, in Landes. It flows north-west, mainly through the moors of Gironde, crosses the Sauternes vineyard and joins the Garonne at Barsac, downstream from Langon. The moisture it brings, and morning mists it causes, are favorable to the development of Botrytis cinerea on grapes, a fungus that contributes to the high quality and renown of Sauternes wines. The Ciron flows through the following "départements" and towns: "N.B. : (R) = right tributary; (L) = left

title: Kermit Cintrón

text: 13, another tragic blow shook him: His father died of a heart attack, leaving him and his siblings orphaned on both sides. He is married to María Cintrón, the couple have three children. Two daughters, Denali and Savannah and a son, Clemente. In early 2008, Cintrón was trained by Emanuel Steward, who focused his training in boxing and counterattacks. He decided to finish this partnership, based on the fact that Steward's time was limited due to several other compromises. Despite this, both conserved a close friendship. During this timeframe, Cintrón abandoned Main Events, signing a promotional contract with Lou DiBella.

title: Hank Lundy

text: River Casino in Lincoln, Rhode Island. A year later, Lundy earned a breakthrough victory, knocking out undefeated Jason Cintron, the younger brother of former world champion Kermit Cintron, in the fifth round of their scheduled eight-round bout at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey, on April 24, 2009. Lundy called out Cintron prior to the bout, questioning Cintron's background and predicting a knockout win. "I guarantee this fight will be over in three rounds", Lundy said. "I hold no punches in the ring. When you look at my resume, I'm fighting people that can fight. Who has he fought?

title: Roberto Feliberti Cintrón

text: Roberto Feliberti Cintrón Roberto Feliberti Cintrón (born April 7, 1963) is a Puerto Rican jurist and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico. Feliberti Cintrón was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico. He was the second of four children born to Emiliano Feliberti Martínez and Hilda Cintrón Brandes. Thanks to a U.S. Navy scholarship, he was able to attend Purdue University, where he earned a B.S. in Mathematics. During his time in the Navy attended the Naval Justice School. He later graduated from the University of Puerto Rico School of Law in 1991. After graduating from Purdue, he

title: Cimarron, Texas

text: Cimarron, Texas Cimarron is an unincorporated community in Harris County, Texas, United States. It lies 40 km west of the heart of Houston, and 6 km SE of Katy, at an elevation of . Construction of the subdivision began in 1975, when the Homeowner association was incorporated, and the first house was constructed. The final house in the platted area was completed shortly after 1990. Home values in the subdivision remained stable through the oil bust of the mid-1980s, and through the late-2000s recession. Local realtor Veronica Mullenix said of this tendency: “I think it’s pride of ownership more than

title: CINT

text: CINT CINT is a command line C/C++ interpreter that is included in the object oriented data analysis package ROOT. Although intended for use with the other faculties of ROOT, CINT can also be used as a standalone addition to another program that requires such an interpreter. CINT is an interpreted version of C/C++, much in the way BeanShell is an interpreted version of Java. In addition to being a language interpreter, it offers certain Bash-like shell features such as history and tab-completion. To accomplish the latter, it relies heavily on the reflection support built into ROOT. User classes that follow

title: Kermit Cintrón

text: His next trainer was Ronnie Shields, who emphasized on a faster training pace. Shields preferred a more aggressive style, reminiscent of the one presented during the early stage of Cintrón's early career. Brian Caldwell was employed as conditioning coach, in the process modifying his weight routines. Cintrón found wrestling and boxing to be an outlet from his personal troubles, so he started spending more and more of his time practicing those sports. While attending William Tennent High School in Warminster, Pennsylvania, he became an accomplished high-school wrestler on the same team as actor Mike Vogel. After competing at William Tennent,

title: The Witcher

text: of Cintra, Child of the Elder Blood, and the Lady of Time and Space), is the princess of Cintra, daughter of Pavetta and Duny (also known as the Urcheon of Erlenwald) and granddaughter of Queen Calanthe. She is also Geralt's and Yennefer's adopted daughter, around whom much of the plot is centered. Ciri is a descendant of Lara Dorren and has the Elder blood which gives her access to powers that allow her to cross space and time. Ciri has ashen grey hair and green emerald eyes, a trait that runs in her family. Dandelion () is a poet, minstrel,

title: Kermit Cintrón

text: dictate that a fighter, in these circumstances, is afforded a five-minute period with which to recover; however, given that Cintrón was advised by doctors not to move, the fight was called and Cintrón was removed from the arena bound to a stretcher. Since three rounds had been completed, the fight became official and Williams was declared the winner by split decision. On July 9, 2010, Cintrón lost a unanimous decision to Carlos Molina, who had a 18-4-2 record going into the fight. On August 12, 2011, Cintrón won a unanimous decision over Antwone Smith. On November 26, 2011, Cintrón was

title: Canelo Álvarez vs. Kermit Cintrón

text: Canelo Álvarez vs. Kermit Cintrón Canelo Álvarez vs. Kermit Cintrón was a super-welterweight championship fight for the WBC World title. The fight took place at the Plaza de Toros in Mexico City, Mexico, on 26 November 2011. It was a split-site doubleheader headlined which featured junior lightweight Adrien Broner against separate opponents from Broner's hometown in Cincinnati. Alvarez made his third defense. He was coming off of the sixth-round knockout of Alfonso Gómez on Sept. 17 in Los Angeles. A former two-time welterweight beltholder, Cintrón has battled to a disputed draw with RING middleweight titleholder Sergio Martínez, been stopped twice

title: Jeyvier Cintrón

text: Jeyvier Cintrón Jeyvier Jesús Cintrón Ocasio (born February 8, 1995) is a Puerto Rican professional boxer in the super flyweight division. He is the first and only two-time Olympic boxer from Puerto Rico having competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2016 Summer Olympics as a flyweight. He is currently signed with Top Rank. Cintrón was born to Javier Cintrón, a former professional boxer best known by the nickname of "El Perrito" who was involved in series with José López and Carlos Valcárcel, and amateur boxing referee and judge Aracelis Ocasio. He was captivated by the family's trade from a

title: Alex Cintrón

text: a single off the New York Mets Donne Wall on August 3. Cintrón hit .286 with a triple in eight games with the Diamondbacks and was optioned back to Tucson on August 6. Cintrón played in 38 games with the D'Backs over four separate stints in 2002. The first was when he was recalled on May 8 but played in just two games. He was recalled a second time on June 11 and reported to Yankee Stadium to play against the New York Yankees. He was optioned to Tucson again on June 26 but returned on July 1 after Erubiel

title: Pedro Cintrón

text: Pedro Cintrón Pedro Cintrón is a Puerto Rican basketball coach, currently with the Maratonistas de Coamo of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional league. In the 2007 season, Cintrón was the assistant coach of Guillermo Vecchio for the Maratonistas. Vecchio, however, quit the team after a 2-12 start. Cintrón then took over and finished the season with a 9-21 record. After that season, the Maratonistas were forced to recess due to financial problems, and Cintrón became assistant coach for the Leones de Ponce. In 2010, Cintrón started as interim coach for Ponce while Manolo Cintrón fulfilled previous compromises in a Mexican basketball

title: Cimarron River (Canadian River tributary)

text: de Cristo Mountains and runs down into eastern plains of New Mexico. This headwaters region is also home to the Philmont Scout Ranch. Cimarron was first applied to either the river or mountains in northeastern New Mexico and applied to other places in the state. The most common belief is that it was named for the Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep, called "carnero cimarrnó" in New Mexican Spanish. In addition, "cimarrónes" was the name for cattle and wild horses. Another of several theories is that is named for the plant "rosa cimarróna", a wild rose plant that grows along the river.

title: Cintrón

text: Cintrón or Cintron is a surname of Portuguese and Spanish-French origins.  The name migrated as a consequence of the conquest and settlement of the New World, particularly in Puerto Rico. Famous people with the surname Cintron:

title: Jeyvier Cintrón

text: 8, 2017 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Cintrón is trained by former world champion and fellow countryman, Iván Calderón. Jeyvier Cintrón Jeyvier Jesús Cintrón Ocasio (born February 8, 1995) is a Puerto Rican professional boxer in the super flyweight division. He is the first and only two-time Olympic boxer from Puerto Rico having competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2016 Summer Olympics as a flyweight. He is currently signed with Top Rank. Cintrón was born to Javier Cintrón, a former professional boxer best known by the nickname of "El Perrito" who was involved in series with José López and Carlos

title: Ciron

text: tributary" Ciron The Ciron is a left tributary of the Garonne, in Gironde, Southwest France. The Ciron rises in the eastern end of the Moors of Gascony, in Landes. It flows north-west, mainly through the moors of Gironde, crosses the Sauternes vineyard and joins the Garonne at Barsac, downstream from Langon. The moisture it brings, and morning mists it causes, are favorable to the development of Botrytis cinerea on grapes, a fungus that contributes to the high quality and renown of Sauternes wines. The Ciron flows through the following "départements" and towns: "N.B. : (R) = right tributary; (L) =

title: Pedro Cintrón

text: league. During that period, Pedro led the team to a 5-0 start. After Manolo was fired, Pedro became head coach of the Leones and led them to the quarterfinals. They were eliminated by the Cangrejeros de Santurce in a fifth decisive game. Cintrón was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico. Pedro Cintrón Pedro Cintrón is a Puerto Rican basketball coach, currently with the Maratonistas de Coamo of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional league. In the 2007 season, Cintrón was the assistant coach of Guillermo Vecchio for the Maratonistas. Vecchio, however, quit the team after a 2-12 start. Cintrón then took over and

title: Carlos Juan Cintrón

text: married Rosa Gonzalez from which relation his seventh child, Brenda, was born. Carlos Juan Cintrón Carlos Juan Cintrón Figueroa (6 September 1918 – 5 May 1998) was mayor of Ponce, Puerto Rico from 1957 to 1961. However, during a period during Cintron's post as mayor, Helvetia Nicole filled in as interim mayor. After his tenure as mayor, Cintrón was president of the Puerto Rico of the Unión de Trabajadores de Acero (United Steelworkers of America). Cintrón fathered seven children in his marriage to Josefina Fernandez Reyes (Carlos Juan, Rosa Margarita, Lillian, Enrique, Luis, and Lombardo), who was Ponce's First Lady

title: Roberto Feliberti Cintrón

text: was commissioned in the United States Navy, where he remained for four years. He served as a law clerk at the Roosevelt Roads Naval Station in Ceiba, Puerto Rico, from 1986 to 1989. After law school, Feliberti Cintrón began his legal career as a law clerk for the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico. Later, he worked at a private firm in Puerto Rico, specializing in commercial litigation, where he remained for 16 years and eventually became a partner. On December 1, 2009, Feliberti Cintrón took a seat on the Puerto Rico Court of Appeals after

title: Kermit Cintrón

text: championship. The bout took place on February 14, 2009, and ended in a controversial majority draw. The opening rounds held no meaningful action, with Cintrón holding an early edge due to his aggression and cleaner punching. By the fourth round, Martínez started moving around with his hands down in an effort to draw Cintrón into a mistake, but to no avail, as there continued to be more clinching than punching. Martínez opened a cut over Cintrón's left eye early in the fifth round. Late in the seventh round, a left hand to the head hurt Cintrón, and after backing into

title: Cimarron, Texas

text: anything else." Cimarron is in the Katy Independent School District. Residents are zoned to Cimarron Elementary School, West Memorial Junior High School, and Katy High School. The subdivision maintains a recreation complex for its residents, which includes a clubhouse, a playground, a swimming pool, and tennis courts. Cimarron, Texas Cimarron is an unincorporated community in Harris County, Texas, United States. It lies 40 km west of the heart of Houston, and 6 km SE of Katy, at an elevation of . Construction of the subdivision began in 1975, when the Homeowner association was incorporated, and the first house was constructed.

title: Quintron

text: Drum Buddy Show, which includes a number of guest appearances and performances by artists such as Quintron, Miss Pussycat, Ernie K-Doe, MC Trachiotomy, and the Drum Buddy Dancers. Quintron is very enigmatic about his personal life and rarely grants interviews. It is known that he was born September 15, in Bitburg, West Germany, where his father was stationed in the military. He grew up in Mobile, Alabama, and St. Louis, Missouri, before completing high school and moving to Chicago at the age of seventeen. He attended Loyola University and was an active member of the Theatre Department before transferring to

title: Cimarron City, Oklahoma

text: as homes were constructed for families and retirees who wanted to live in a rural ambience. Residents who still work typically must commute to Oklahoma City, Guthrie, Edmond or Crescent. It incorporated in 1974, and was named for the Cimarron River, which flows through the southwestern part of the town. Cimarron City is located at (35.884999, −97.602874). The town lies south of Crescent and west of Guthrie. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (7.56%) is water. As of the census of 2000,

title: Carlos Juan Cintrón

text: Carlos Juan Cintrón Carlos Juan Cintrón Figueroa (6 September 1918 – 5 May 1998) was mayor of Ponce, Puerto Rico from 1957 to 1961. However, during a period during Cintron's post as mayor, Helvetia Nicole filled in as interim mayor. After his tenure as mayor, Cintrón was president of the Puerto Rico of the Unión de Trabajadores de Acero (United Steelworkers of America). Cintrón fathered seven children in his marriage to Josefina Fernandez Reyes (Carlos Juan, Rosa Margarita, Lillian, Enrique, Luis, and Lombardo), who was Ponce's First Lady during Cintron's tenure as mayor. After his divorce from Fernandez Reyes, he

title: Cintrón

short_answers: Portuguese Spanish-French


question: who invented the transtheoretical model of behavior change

answers: colleagues

answers: Carlo Di Clemente

title: Transtheoretical model

text: Transtheoretical model The transtheoretical model of behavior change is an integrative theory of therapy that assesses an individual's readiness to act on a new healthier behavior, and provides strategies, or processes of change to guide the individual. The model is composed of constructs such as: stages of change, processes of change, levels of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance. The transtheoretical model is also known by the abbreviation "TTM" and sometimes by the term "stages of change", although this latter term is a synecdoche since the stages of change are only one part of the model along with processes of change,

title: James O. Prochaska

text: James O. Prochaska James O. Prochaska (born 1942) is a Professor of Psychology and Director of the Cancer Prevention Research Center at the University of Rhode Island He is the lead developer of the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM) beginning in 1983. Prochaska earned his B.A. in Psychology at Wayne State University in 1964, followed by his M.A. (1967) and Ph.D. Degrees (1969) both at Wayne State University. He is the author or co-author of over 400 publications on the dynamics of behavioral change - most of which expand the theory, test the TTM in randomized controlled trials, and

title: Transtheoretical model

text: for taking steps toward changing, and avoiding people and situations that tempt them to behave in unhealthy ways. Stage 5: Maintenance (monitoring) People at this stage changed their behavior more than 6 months ago. It is important for people in this stage to be aware of situations that may tempt them to slip back into doing the unhealthy behavior—particularly stressful situations. It is recommended that people in this stage seek support from and talk with people whom they trust, spend time with people who behave in healthy ways, and remember to engage in healthy activities to cope with stress instead

title: Transtheoretical model

text: of changing an unhealthy behavior. Stage 2: Contemplation (getting ready) At this stage, participants are intending to start the healthy behavior within the next 6 months. While they are usually now more aware of the pros of changing, their cons are about equal to their Pros. This ambivalence about changing can cause them to keep putting off taking action. People here learn about the kind of person they could be if they changed their behavior and learn more from people who behave in healthy ways. Others can influence and help effectively at this stage by encouraging them to work at

title: James O. Prochaska

text: as one of the three most preeminent living clinical psychologists. James O. Prochaska James O. Prochaska (born 1942) is a Professor of Psychology and Director of the Cancer Prevention Research Center at the University of Rhode Island He is the lead developer of the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM) beginning in 1983. Prochaska earned his B.A. in Psychology at Wayne State University in 1964, followed by his M.A. (1967) and Ph.D. Degrees (1969) both at Wayne State University. He is the author or co-author of over 400 publications on the dynamics of behavioral change - most of which expand

title: Transtheoretical model

text: perform on a task as a mediator of performance on future tasks. In his research Bandura already established that greater levels of perceived self-efficacy leads to greater changes in behavior. Similarly, Ajzen mentions the similarity between the concepts of self-efficacy and perceived behavioral control. This underlines the integrative nature of the transtheoretical model which combines various behavior theories. A change in the level of self-efficacy can predict a lasting change in behavior if there are adequate incentives and skills. The transtheoretical model employs an overall confidence score to assess an individual's self-efficacy. Situational temptations assess how tempted people are to

title: Transtheoretical model

text: in the near future (within 6 months), and may be unaware of the need to change. People here learn more about healthy behavior: they are encouraged to think about the pros of changing their behavior and to feel emotions about the effects of their negative behavior on others. Precontemplators typically underestimate the pros of changing, overestimate the cons, and often are not aware of making such mistakes. One of the most effective steps that others can help with at this stage is to encourage them to become more mindful of their decision making and more conscious of the multiple benefits

title: Transtheoretical model

text: number one concern is: when they act, will they fail? They learn that the better prepared they are, the more likely they are to keep progressing. Stage 4: Action (current action) People at this stage have changed their behavior within the last 6 months and need to work hard to keep moving ahead. These participants need to learn how to strengthen their commitments to change and to fight urges to slip back. People in this stage progress by being taught techniques for keeping up their commitments such as substituting activities related to the unhealthy behavior with positive ones, rewarding themselves

title: Transtheoretical model

text: behavior models, including the transtheoretical model, theory of planned behavior and norm-activation model, to build the stage model of self-regulated behavior change (SSBC). Bamberg claims that his model is a solution to criticism raised towards the TTM. Some researchers in travel, dietary, and environmental research have conducted empirical studies, showing that the SSBC might be a future path for TTM-based research. This core construct is "the situation-specific confidence people have that they can cope with high-risk situations without relapsing to their unhealthy or high risk-habit". The construct is based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory and conceptualizes a person's perceived ability to

title: Transtheoretical model

text: published in peer-reviewed journals and books. This construct refers to the temporal dimension of behavioural change. In the transtheoretical model, change is a "process involving progress through a series of stages": In addition, the researchers conceptualized "Relapse" (recycling) which is not a stage in itself but rather the "return from Action or Maintenance to an earlier stage". The quantitative definition of the stages of change (see below) is perhaps the most notorious feature of the model. However it is also one of the most critiqued, even in the field of smoking cessation, where it was originally formulated. It has been

title: Transtheoretical model

text: reducing the cons of changing their behavior. Stage 3: Preparation (ready) People at this stage are ready to start taking action within the next 30 days. They take small steps that they believe can help them make the healthy behavior a part of their lives. For example, they tell their friends and family that they want to change their behavior. People in this stage should be encouraged to seek support from friends they trust, tell people about their plan to change the way they act, and think about how they would feel if they behaved in a healthier way. Their

title: Fear appeal

text: social behavior, it is considered to be deficient in explaining behavior change. A transtheoretical model of fear appeals explains a dynamic process of health behavior change. Its structure is based on the assumption that behavior change is a systematic process involving a series of stages referred to as stages of change. It also holds that the transition between stages involves a rational coping process referred to as processes of change. The stages of change are: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. According to the transtheoretical model, movement through the different stages involves a process called decision balance. Decision balance takes

title: Transtheoretical model

text: said that such quantitative definition (i.e. a person is in preparation if it intends to change within a month) does not reflect the nature of behaviour change, that it does not have better predictive power than simpler questions (i.e. "do you have plans to change..."), and that it has problems regarding its classification reliability. Communication theorist and sociologist Everett Rogers suggested that the stages of change are analogues of the stages of the innovation adoption process in Rogers' theory of diffusion of innovations. Stage 1: Precontemplation (not ready) People at this stage do not intend to start the healthy behavior

title: Transtheoretical model

text: reference to stages of change. The model "assumes that individuals typically make coherent and stable plans", when in fact they often do not. Within research on prevention of pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases a systematic review from 2003 comes to the conclusion that "no strong conclusions" can be drawn about the effectiveness of interventions based on the transtheoretical model. Again this conclusion is reached due to the inconsistency of use and implementation of the model. This study also confirms that the better stage-matched the intervention the more effect it has to encourage condom use. Within the health research domain, a

title: Transtheoretical model

text: assessing which processes are most effective in the context of travel behaviour change should be a priority in the future in order to secure the role of TTM in travel behaviour research. The TTM has been called "arguably the dominant model of health behaviour change, having received unprecedented research attention, yet it has simultaneously attracted criticism". Depending on the field of application (e.g. smoking cessation, substance abuse, condom use, diabetes treatment, obesity and travel) somewhat different criticisms have been raised. In a systematic review, published in 2003, of 23 randomized controlled trials, the authors found that "stage based interventions are

title: Transtheoretical model

text: engage in a problem behavior in a certain situation. This core construct identifies the depth or complexity of presenting problems according to five levels of increasing complexity. Different therapeutic approaches are recommended for each level as well as for each stage of change. The levels are: The outcomes of the TTM computerized tailored interventions administered to participants in pre-Action stages are outlined below. A national sample of pre-Action adults was provided a stress management intervention. At the 18-month follow-up, a significantly larger proportion of the treatment group (62%) was effectively managing their stress when compared to the control group. The

title: Transtheoretical model

text: drawing conclusions on the benefits of the transtheoretical model" as related to dietary interventions. Again, studies with slightly different design, e.g. using different processes, proved to be effective in predicting the stage transition of intention to exercise in relation to treating patients with diabetes. TTM has generally found a greater popularity regarding research on physical activity, due to the increasing problems associated with unhealthy diets and sedentary living, e.g. obesity, cardiovascular problems. A 2011 Cochrane Systematic Review found that there is little evidence to suggest that using the Transtheoretical Model Stages of Change (TTM SOC) method is effective in helping

title: Behavioural change theories

text: hypothesises that self-efficacy is important in determining the strength of the individual's intention to perform a behaviour. In 2010, Fishbein and Ajzen introduced the reasoned action approach, the successor of the theory of planned behaviour. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, also known as the "stages of change model", states that there are five stages towards behavior change. The five stages, between which individuals may transition before achieving complete change, are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation for action, action, and maintenance. At the precontemplation stage, an individual may or may not be aware of a problem but has no thought

title: Transtheoretical model

text: of relying on unhealthy behavior. Relapse (recycling) Relapse in the TTM specifically applies to individuals who successfully quit smoking or using drugs or alcohol, only to resume these unhealthy behaviors. Individuals who attempt to quit highly addictive behaviors such as drug, alcohol, and tobacco use are at particularly high risk of a relapse. Achieving a long-term behavior change often requires ongoing support from family members, a health coach, a physician, or another motivational source. Supportive literature and other resources can also be helpful to avoid a relapse from happening. The 10 processes of change are "covert and overt activities that

title: Transtheoretical model

text: James O. Prochaska of the University of Rhode Island, and Carlo Di Clemente and colleagues developed the transtheoretical model beginning in 1977.  It is based on analysis and use of different theories of psychotherapy, hence the name "transtheoretical".

title: Transtheoretical model

text: (i.e., reducing calorie and dietary fat intake), moderate exercise, and managing emotional distress without eating. Up to three tailored reports (one per behavior) were delivered based on assessments conducted at four time points: baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months. All participants were followed up at 6, 12, and 24 months. Multiple Imputation was used to estimate missing data. Generalized Labor Estimating Equations (GLEE) were then used to examine differences between the treatment and comparison groups. At 24 months, those who were in a pre-Action stage for healthy eating at baseline and received treatment were significantly more likely to have reached

title: Behavior change (public health)

text: on a few behavioral change theories which gained ground in the 1980s. These theories share a major commonality in defining individual actions as the locus of change. Behavior change programs that are usually focused on activities that help a person or a community to reflect upon their risk behaviors and change them to reduce their risk and vulnerability are known as interventions. Examples include: "Transtheoretical (Stages of Change) Model of Behavior Change", "theory of reasoned action", "health belief model", "theory of planned behavior", diffusion of innovation", and the health action process approach. Developments in health behavior change theories since the

title: Transtheoretical model

text: significantly more than the comparison group. This study demonstrates the ability of TTM-based tailored feedback to improve healthy eating, exercise, managing emotional distress, and weight on a population basis. The treatment produced the highest population impact to date on multiple health risk behaviors. Multiple studies have found individualized interventions tailored on the 14 TTM variables for smoking cessation to effectively recruit and retain pre-Action participants and produce long-term abstinence rates within the range of 22% – 26%. These interventions have also consistently outperformed alternative interventions including best-in-class action-oriented self-help programs, non-interactive manual-based programs, and other common interventions. Furthermore, these interventions

title: Transtheoretical model

text: Protons or Maintenance than the comparison group (47.5% vs. 34.3%). The intervention also impacted a related, but untreated behavior: fruit and vegetable consumption. Over 48% of those in the treatment group in a pre-Action stage at baseline progressed to Action or Maintenance for eating at least 5 servings a day of fruit and vegetables as opposed to 39% of the comparison group. Individuals in the treatment group who were in a pre-Action stage for exercise at baseline were also significantly more likely to reach Action or Maintenance (44.9% vs. 38.1%). The treatment also had a significant effect on managing emotional

title: Transtheoretical model

text: or negative attitude about something or someone. During the change process individuals gradually shift from cons to pros, forming a more positive attitude towards the target behaviour. Attitudes are one of the core constructs explaining behaviour and behaviour change in various research domains. Other behaviour models, such as the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the stage model of self-regulated change, also emphasise attitude as an important determinant of behaviour. The progression through the different stages of change is reflected in a gradual change in attitude before the individual acts. Most of the processes of change aim at evaluating and

title: James O. Prochaska

text: defend the TTM. Prochaska, J.O., & Prochaska, J.M. (2016). Changing to Thrive. Center City: Hazelden Publishing. Dr. Prochaska is the principal investigator on over $80 million in research grants for the prevention of cancer and other chronic diseases. He founded Pro-Change Behavior Systems, Inc. in 1997. Dr. Prochaska has won numerous awards including the Top Five Most Cited Authors in Psychology from the American Psychology Society, an Innovator's Award from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and was the first psychologist to win the Medal of Honor for Clinical Research from the American Cancer Society. Dr. Prochaska has recently been recognized

title: I-Change Model

text: I-Change Model In psychology, the I-change model or the Integrated Model for explaining motivational and behavioral change derives from the Attitude – Social Influence – Self-Efficacy Model, integrates ideas of Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior, Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, Prochaska's Transtheoretical Model, the Health Belief Model, and Goal setting theories. Previous versions of this model (referred to as the Attitude, Social Norm, Self-Efficacy (ASE) model, derived from the Theory of Planned Behavior) have been used to explain a variety of types of health behavior. The I-Change Model is a phase model and assumes that at least three phases in the

title: Transtheoretical model

text: the Precontemplation or Contemplation stage, rates of reliable and clinically significant improvement in depression were 40% for treatment and 9% for control. Among patients with mild depression, or who were in the Action or Maintenance stage at baseline, the intervention helped prevent disease progression to Major Depression during the follow-up period. Fifty-hundred-and-seventy-seven overweight or moderately obese adults (BMI 25-39.9) were recruited nationally, primarily from large employers. Those randomly assigned to the treatment group received a stage-matched multiple behavior change guide and a series of tailored, individualized interventions for three health behaviors that are crucial to effective weight management: healthy eating

title: Transpersonal psychology

text: and practices, as influences that shaped the early field of transpersonal psychology. Another important figure in the establishment of transpersonal psychology was Abraham Maslow, who had already published work regarding human peak experiences. Maslow is credited for having presented the outline of a fourth-force psychology, named transhumanistic psychology, in a lecture entitled "The Farther Reaches of Human Nature" in 1967. In 1968 Maslow was among the people who announced transpersonal psychology as a "fourth force" in psychology, in order to distinguish it from the three other forces of psychology: psychoanalysis, behaviorism and humanistic psychology. Early use of the term "transpersonal"

title: Transpersonal psychology

text: who are associated with Jungian perspectives, or models that include the principle of regression, such as Michael Washburn and Stanislav Grof. The transpersonal psychology of Ken Wilber is often mentioned as an influential theoretical framework for the field. Wilber is often regarded as a leading theorist and pioneer of the transpersonal movement, but he has not been actively associated with the label for quite some time. Several commentators note that he has distanced himself from the transpersonal field in favour of a new model that he calls integral. However, his psychological model still remains influential to the practice and development

title: Transtheoretical model

short_answers:
Carlo Di Clemente
colleagues


question: where are they playing the superbowl at this year

answers: Minneapolis, Minnesota

title: Superbowl of Wrestling

text: Superbowl of Wrestling The Superbowl of Wrestling was an event held in the 1970s. It was one of the first professional wrestling "Supercards". The first Superbowl of Wrestling was held in Cleveland, Ohio at Municipal Stadium on August 12, 1972. Three rings were set up, side by side, and often more than one match would be going on at a time. Attendance figures have been estimated as high as 20,000 and as low as 5,000. No reliable sources seem to agree on a number. Here are partial results of the show: Another Superbowl of Wrestling was held on January 25,

title: Superbowl of Wrestling

text: 1978. This Superbowl of Wrestling was held at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida, drawing over 12,000 fans for a unification match between the WWWF and NWA World Championships. Here are the results: Superbowl of Wrestling The Superbowl of Wrestling was an event held in the 1970s. It was one of the first professional wrestling "Supercards". The first Superbowl of Wrestling was held in Cleveland, Ohio at Municipal Stadium on August 12, 1972. Three rings were set up, side by side, and often more than one match would be going on at a time. Attendance figures have been estimated as

title: History of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)

text: game attendance to dwindle, and once again the Bidwills decided to move the team, this time to either Baltimore, Phoenix, or Jacksonville. Nonetheless, Cardinals fans were unhappy at losing their team, and Bill Bidwill, fearing for his safety, stayed away from several of the 1987 home games. Their last home game was on December 13, 1987, in which the Cardinals won 27–24 over the New York Giants in front of 29,623 fans on a late Sunday afternoon. On March 15, 1988, the NFL team owners voted to allow Bidwill to move the Cardinals from St. Louis to Phoenix, Arizona for

title: ArenaBowl

text: ArenaBowl The ArenaBowl is the Arena Football League's championship game. From 1987 to 2004, the ArenaBowl was hosted by either the team with the better regular-season record or the higher seeding in the playoffs. From ArenaBowl XIX in 2005 until ArenaBowl XXII in 2008, the game was played at a neutral site. When the AFL returned from a bankruptcy-induced hiatus in 2010, the original format was used for this and the next season; for 2012 and 2013, the game returned to being played at a neutral site. In 2014, it was announced that the ArenaBowl would return to the format

title: Hard Rock Stadium

text: game. Until 2008, the stadium was host (in even numbered years) to the annual Shula Bowl, a game played between the Florida Atlantic University Owls and the Florida International University Panthers, when the game was hosted by FAU as the home team (FIU hosts the game at its own stadium, Riccardo Silva Stadium, every other year). In 2010, the game was moved to Fort Lauderdale's Lockhart Stadium, and in 2011 the Owls opened FAU Stadium on its Boca Raton campus, and started hosting the Shula Bowl there biennially in 2012. In 2017 it was announced that the stadium would host

title: NFL Kickoff Game

text: of Super Bowl 50) retired and Brock Osweiler left as a free agent. 2017: The defending Super Bowl LI champions, the New England Patriots, hosted the Kansas City Chiefs for the 2017 Kickoff Game at Gillette Stadium. Goodell visited Gillette Stadium for the Kickoff Game, having been absent from the venue since the 2014 season. 2018: The defending Super Bowl LII champions, the Philadelphia Eagles hosted the Atlanta Falcons for the 2018 Kickoff Game at Lincoln Financial Field, in a rematch of their 2017 Divisional Playoff Game. "Winning team labeled in bold." <nowiki>*</nowiki> – Game was not yet hosted by

title: Arena Football League

text: ArenaBowl XXII. In 2010, the location returned to being decided by which of the two participating teams was seeded higher. ArenaBowl XXV (2012) returned to a neutral site and was once again played in New Orleans. From 2014 to 2017, the ArenaBowl was played at the venue of the higher-seeded team. With one week remaining in the 2018 season, it was announced that the ArenaBowl would be awarded to the semifinal winner with the higher regular season attendance average. This rule was then not used in 2018 after the Washington Valor's home field, Capital One Arena, already had scheduled renovations

title: CenturyLink Field

text: Bob Whitsitt said that they hoped the new stadium would help turn the Seahawks into a Super Bowl contender and that Seattle would be considered to host the championship game. The seating is expandable to 72,000 for the purpose of holding the game, but the NFL typically does not consider cities with outdoor stadiums where the average temperature in February is below . The number of season tickets available at Qwest was capped at 61,000 following the Super Bowl appearance. The ensuing waiting list was the first for the Seahawks since the early 1990s. The team's first season at their

title: AT&T Stadium

text: game and Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium in Fayetteville, Arkansas in 2013. The Southwest Classic returned to AT&T Stadium in 2014 and will remain there through at least 2020. In 2009, the Big 12 Conference game between the Baylor Bears and Texas Tech Red Raiders was held at Cowboys Stadium, the first time in the series the match-up was held on a neutral site. The game was the highest attended in the series' history, with 71,964 in attendance. After the 2010 game was held at the Cotton Bowl in Fair Park, Dallas during the State Fair of Texas, the series

title: 2018 Atlanta Falcons season

text: assures that the Super Bowl host team will not play the championship game on their own field. 2018 Atlanta Falcons season The 2018 season is the Atlanta Falcons' 53rd in the National Football League, their second playing their home games at Mercedes-Benz Stadium (the venue for Super Bowl LIII) and their fourth under head coach Dan Quinn. The Falcons attempted to be the first team to play the Super Bowl in their home stadium as an expected Super Bowl contender. However the Falcons were riddled with injuries, losing 7 starters to IR with the Falcons stumbling to a 1–4 start.

title: ArenaBowl XXV

text: From 2005-2008, the ArenaBowl were hosted at neutral sites (Las Vegas and New Orleans). In 2010 and 2011, the games went to the highest seed in the game, which were Spokane, Washington and Phoenix, Arizona. The last two ArenaBowls at a neutral site (ArenaBowl XXI and ArenaBowl XXII) were also played in New Orleans in 2007 and 2008. ArenaBowl XXV was televised on NFL Network after the AFL and NFL Network agreed on a third straight contract to carry games. The game was pushed back to a kickoff at 10:30 pm ET. NFL Network bumped the ArenaBowl back and instead

title: History of the Seattle Seahawks

text: Louis Rams. The Seahawks hosted the Dallas Cowboys in the NFC Wildcard Playoffs; trailing 20-13 the Seahawks pounced on a botched Tony Romo throw to Terry Glenn in Dallas' endzone for a safety, then scored on a 37-yard Hasselbeck touchdown. The Cowboys drove downfield but on the ensuing field goal attempt Romo (the holder) blew the snap and was stopped in his rush to the endzone. A desperate last-second Romo throw was batted down, and the Seahawks won 21-20. The Seahawks fell 27-24 in overtime to the Chicago Bears in the divisional round of the NFC playoffs. The Seattle Seahawks

title: Basketbowl

text: their exhibition game at Berlin, Germany's Olympic Stadium. The 2010 NBA All-Star Game at Cowboys Stadium drew a crowd of 108,713, which shattered the all-time attendance record for the sport set by Michigan State and Kentucky in 2003. It was announced on April 15, 2008 that Ford Field would host "BasketBowl II" between the Spartans and North Carolina as part of the ACC–Big Ten Challenge on December 3 of that year. North Carolina won the game easily 98–63. The game was televised on ESPN. The two teams met again in Ford Field four months later, this time for the 2009

title: Los Angeles Rams

text: low marks for tailgating, affordability and atmosphere. On January 20, 2012, it was announced that the Rams would play one home game a season at Wembley Stadium in London for the next 3 seasons. The first game was played against the New England Patriots on October 28, 2012. On August 13, 2012, it was announced that the Rams had withdrawn from the 2013 and 2014 games. At this time, the Rams began negotiations with St. Louis about what steps could be taken to remediate the "top tier" requirement of the lease. On March 10, 2015, the Rams traded starting quarterback

title: Super Bowl

text: Coliseum. In both cases, the stadium in which the Super Bowl was held was perceived to be a better stadium for a large, high-profile event than the stadiums the Rams and 49ers were playing in at the time; this situation has not arisen since 1993, in part because the league has traditionally awarded the Super Bowl in modern times to the newest stadiums. Besides those two, the only other Super Bowl venue that was not the home stadium to an NFL team at the time was Rice Stadium in Houston: the Houston Oilers had played there previously, but moved to

title: 2018 Dallas Cowboys season

text: 8-6 on the season. 2018 Dallas Cowboys season The 2018 season is the Dallas Cowboys' 59th and current in the National Football League (NFL), their 30th under the ownership of Jerry Jones, their 10th playing their home games at AT&T Stadium, and their eighth full season under head coach Jason Garrett. AT&T Stadium is also the first stadium venue to host the annual draft. For the first time since 2009, wide receiver Dez Bryant was not on the opening day roster, as he was released on April 13, 2018 and signed with the New Orleans Saints on November 7, 2018.

title: Super Bowl LIII

text: that the American pop rock band, Maroon 5, will headline the game's halftime show, though neither the NFL nor Maroon 5 have confirmed the reports. Super Bowl LIII Super Bowl LIII, the 53rd Super Bowl and the 49th modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, will decide the league champion for the 2018 NFL season. The game is scheduled to be played on February 3, 2019, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. This will be the third Super Bowl in Atlanta, having previously hosted Super Bowl XXVIII in 1994 and Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000 at the Georgia Dome. On

title: ArenaBowl XXIV

text: May 9, AFL Commissioner Jerry Kurz said playing ArenaBowl XXV in 2012 at a neutral site is a strong option. The ArenaBowl was played at the highest seed in the game since the AFL's inception in 1987 until 2004. From 2005 to 2008, it was at a neutral site, Las Vegas and New Orleans. In 2010, the ArenaBowl returned to the highest remaining seed setting, as ArenaBowl XXIII was played at the Spokane Arena, home of the Spokane Shock, who won the game. ArenaBowl XXIV was televised on NFL Network. The game was the highest watched Arena Football League game

title: Seagulls Stadium

text: <BR> Seagulls Stadium Seagulls Stadium was a rugby league stadium located on Gollan Drive in West Tweed Heads, New South Wales. Originally known as Chris Cunningham Field, it was the home ground of the Gold Coast-Tweed Giants rugby league franchise, who entered the New South Wales Rugby League premiership in 1988. Tweed Heads was chosen as the venue for Giants games, despite the club's name indicating they were based in the nearby state of Queensland. This was due to a clause in the expansion licence, which stated that only one team was allowed to play in South East Queensland (this

title: Super Bowl LII

title: Arrowhead Stadium

text: December 2, 2013, at a home game against the New Orleans Saints. Seattle gained the record by reaching a noise level of 137.6 decibels. The Chiefs reclaimed the title on September 29, 2014 in a Monday Night Football game against the New England Patriots, hitting 142.2 decibels. On September 20, 2015, the Buffalo Bills attempted to break the noise record in a home game against division rival New England Patriots, but fell short of the mark. It was not released what the decibel reading was. Arrowhead Stadium has hosted five Big 12 Conference football championship games: Kansas State versus Oklahoma

title: 2008 NFL season

text: played their home games at Lucas Oil Stadium. Meanwhile, 2008 was the final year that the Dallas Cowboys played at Texas Stadium; they moved to Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in 2009. In preseason games, the annual Pro Football Hall of Fame Game was played August 3 between the Indianapolis Colts and Washington Redskins, which aired on NBC. Washington won the game, 30–16. Other preseason highlights included the first game of the Toronto Series, which was played August 14 between the Buffalo Bills and the Pittsburgh Steelers at Toronto's Rogers Centre. The Bills won that game, 24–21. Based on the

title: NFL Kickoff Game

text: to move the 2012 Kickoff Game one day earlier to Wednesday, September 5. The New York Giants, winner of Super Bowl XLVI, hosted their rivals, the Dallas Cowboys. 2013: After winning Super Bowl XLVII, the Baltimore Ravens were to have hosted the 2013 Kickoff Game on September 5. However, this was on the same day as a home game for the Baltimore Orioles, whose stadium, Oriole Park at Camden Yards, shares parking with the Ravens' M&T Bank Stadium. (The Orioles could not move their game to the afternoon, because they and their opponent were playing night games in other cities

title: 2008 Buffalo Bills season

text: Bills will play a pre-season game every other year there. This season's pre-season game in Toronto was week 2. One regular season home game per year will be played at the Rogers Centre in Toronto, Ontario as part of a five-year deal. For 2008, December 7's matchup with the Miami Dolphins was staged in Toronto. The Bills began their 2008 campaign at home against the Seattle Seahawks. In the first quarter, Buffalo drew first blood as running back Marshawn Lynch got a 21-yard touchdown run. In the second quarter, the Bills increased their lead with wide receiver/punt returner Roscoe Parrish

title: Seattle

text: three times: 2005, 2013 and 2014. The team played in the Kingdome until it was imploded in 2000 and moved into Qwest Field (now CenturyLink Field) at the same site in 2003. The Seahawks lost Super Bowl XL in 2005 to the Pittsburgh Steelers in Detroit, but won Super Bowl XLVIII in 2013 by defeating the Denver Broncos 43–8 at MetLife Stadium. The team advanced to the Super Bowl the following year, but lost to the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLIX on a last-minute play. Seahawks fans have set stadium noise records on several occasions and are collectively

title: 2003 Chicago Bears season

text: Stadium in the campus of the University of Illinois in Champaign. the first 2 pre-season games were held at Memorial Stadium before the reopening was on August 9 against the Indianapolis Colts and on August 16, against the Denver Broncos. The first home game held at the newly renovated Soldier Field was their primetime game against Green Bay Packers on September 29, 2003, televised on ABC's "Monday Night Football". Also introducing this season is the team's brand new mascot Staley Da Bear. Staley was introduced during the team's home game on September 29, 2003 against the Green Bay Packers. Prior

title: Sydney Thunder

text: The team played their final two games of the 2014-15 Big Bash League season at Sydney Showground Stadium after they were unable to use ANZ Stadium due to the 2015 AFC Asian Cup association football tournament. In June 2015, the Thunder announced they would leave ANZ Stadium and play all home games at Sydney Showground Stadium until the 2024-25 BBL season. The 2015–16 Big Bash League season marked the first year in which the Thunder finished in the top half of the table, finishing 4th overall. Having won the first three games of the season and boasting a squad including

title: Atlanta Silverbacks Park

text: after playing 2016 with the WPSL. The Atlanta Rhinos Rugby league team played their 2014 USA Rugby League fixtures at the Atlanta Silverbacks Park. The Atlanta Renegades Rugby Football Club, a Rugby Union team, of USA Rugby are in partnership with the Atlanta Silverbacks. They use the complex for all their training and home games. The team mainly play at "Renegade Field.". The stadium and park is located off Northcrest Road between Interstate 85 and Chamblee-Tucker Road. The official address is Atlanta Silverbacks Way, Atlanta, GA 30340, although some maps use the former name of Northcrest Way. Atlanta Silverbacks Park

title: Sports in Dallas

text: United, and the New York Yankees. In 2009, the Cowboys relocated to their new 80,000-seat AT&T Stadium in Arlington, which was the site of Super Bowl XLV. The college Cotton Bowl Classic football game was played at the Cotton Bowl through its 2009 game, but has moved to AT&T Stadium. Multiple different teams were referred to as the "Dallas Texans". The Dallas Texans (NFL) played the National Football League for one season in 1952. Another version of the Dallas Texans was a charter member of the American Football League IV in 1960, before becoming the Kansas City Chiefs in 1963.

title: National Football League

text: NFL team is based in the contiguous United States. Although no team is based in a foreign country, the Jacksonville Jaguars began playing one home game a year at Wembley Stadium in London, England, in 2013 as part of the NFL International Series. The Jaguars' agreement with Wembley was originally set to expire in 2016, but has since been extended through 2020. The Buffalo Bills played one home game every season at Rogers Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, as part of the Bills Toronto Series from to . Mexico also hosted an NFL regular-season game, a 2005 game between the

title: Super Bowl LII

long_answer: Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after Super Bowl XXVI at the Metrodome during the 1991 season, and the sixth Super Bowl held in a cold-weather city.