question: list of books written by abul kalam azad

answers: Ghubar-e-Khatir

answers: Tarjumanul Quran

answers: Tazkirah

answers: India Wins Freedom

title: Abul Kalam Azad

text: Abul Kalam Azad, written primarily during 1942 to 1946 when he was imprisoned in Ahmednagar Fort in Maharashtra by British Raj while he was in Bombay (now Mumbai) to preside over the meeting of All India Congress Working Committee. The book is basically a collection of 24 letters he wrote addressing his close friend Maulana Habibur Rahman Khan Sherwani. These letters were never sent to him because there was no permission for that during the imprisonment and after the release in 1946, he gave all these letters to his friend Ajmal Khan who let it published for the first time

title: Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)

text: Abul Kalam Azad (photographer) Abul Kalam Azad (born 24 September 1964) is a noted contemporary Indian photographer. Abul's photographic works are predominantly autobiographical and expose the areas of politics, culture, contemporary history, gender and eroticism. His works attempts a re-reading of contemporary Indian history - the history in which ordinary people are absent and mainly provided by beautiful images and icons. Abul's works makes an active intervention in the common illustrative discourse of this history. Using the same tool, photography, that chisels history out of a block of ‘real’ human experiences, Abul makes a parody of it. 'Overall, the corpus

title: Abul Kalam Azad

text: in 1946. Although the book is a collection of letters but except one or two letters, all other letters are unique and most of the letters deal with complex issues such as existence of God, the origin of religions, the origin of music and its place in religion, etc. The book is primarily an Urdu language book; however, there are over five hundred of couplets, mostly in Persian and Arabic languages. It is because, Maulana was born in a family where Arabic and Persian were used more frequently than Urdu. He was born in Mekkah, given formal education in Persian

title: Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)

text: and lifestyle of ancient Tamilakam. He is the Editor-in-Chief of Photo Mail online magazine. Abul was born in Kerala (24 September 1964) to a migrant family from Tamil Nadu and was brought up in Mattancherry, the historical heart of Kochi. Abul's talents as a photographer was evident from childhood and he joined as an apprentice in a hometown studio to develop his skills. During the 1980s he set up 'Zen studio' at Mattancherry and started working with many prominent news agencies, newspapers, and in periodicals in India and Abroad. He moved to Delhi in the year 1990 and worked as

title: Abul Kalam Azad

text: Abul Kalam Azad Maulana Sayyid Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al-Hussaini Azad (; 11 November 1888 – 22 February 1958) was an Indian scholar, activist and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement. Following India's independence, he became the First Minister of Education in the Indian government Minister of Human Resource Development (until 25 September 1958, Ministry of Education) . He is commonly remembered as Maulana Azad; the word Maulana is an honorific meaning 'Our Master', and he had adopted "Azad" ("Free") as his pen name. His contribution to establishing the education

title: Abul Kalam Azad (Jamalpur politician)

text: Abul Kalam Azad (Jamalpur politician) Abul Kalam Azad is a member of parliament of the Jatiya Sangsad and former information minister of Bangladesh. Azad serves as the Member of Parliament for Jamalpur District. From 2009 to 2013, he served as the Minister of Information. In 2009, when Azad was inaugurated as minister of information, he promised journalists that the government would ensure right to information and freethinking in Bangladesh and sought "constructive criticism" from editors in the print and electronic media. However, in 2010, he changed his stance and ordered that the government would enact a law to curb what

title: Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)

text: Abul's Mayalokam studio continued in the same building till 2010. Abul Kalam Azad moved to Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu in the year 2010. Here Abul Kalam Azad initiated the formation of Ekalokam Trust for Photography which was registered as a non-profit foundation in the year 2013, co-founded by Kulanthivel and Tulsi Swarna Lakshmi. Abul Kalam Azad has been awarded the French Government for higher studies in photography (year 1992) and Charles Wallace Award for Masters in the UK (year 1995) and studied in Surrey Institute of Arts & Design University College. Using the medium of Analog photography, Azad documents his personal

title: Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)

text: a photo-journalist with Press Trust of India (1990-1996), New Delhi Bureau. During this time he traveled for further studies to Europe. He was supported by various scholarships, one of which was granted to him by the French Government. He also received a Charles Wallace Award (fellowship 1995), UK. He left the promising photo-journalist career to follow his passion 'art photography'. His first exhibition 'Frontier People' was held at Kerala Kaladeepam in the year 1994. His first National level exhibition 'Violence Undone' was held in Max Muller Bhavan, New Delhi in the year 1996. Since then, Abul's work has been exhibited

title: Syed Abul Kalam Azad

text: ""High-Value Agriculture Products in Bangladesh : An Empirical Study on Agro-Business Opportunities and Constraints"". Syed Abul Kalam Azad is a professor of Department of Marketing in University of Dhaka. He was treasurer of the Dhaka University from 4 February 2006 to 23 January 2009 and National University from 24 March 2002 to 3 February 2006. Azad was the first house tutor of the Muktijoddha Ziaur Rahman Hall. He was the Dean of faculty of Business Studies. He also served as a chairperson of Marketing department from 1989 to 1992. Azad is currently an academic council member of Jagannath University and

title: Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)

text: year 2013. Ekalokam collective is a south Indian based firm (year of registration - 2012), working with the vision of reaching out to art lovers with their day to day use art products. Their motto is 'art in every day life'. Abul Kalam Azad (photographer) Abul Kalam Azad (born 24 September 1964) is a noted contemporary Indian photographer. Abul's photographic works are predominantly autobiographical and expose the areas of politics, culture, contemporary history, gender and eroticism. His works attempts a re-reading of contemporary Indian history - the history in which ordinary people are absent and mainly provided by beautiful images

title: Abul Kalam Azad (officer)

text: Abul Kalam Azad (officer) Abul Kalam Azad (30 October 1971 – 31 March 2017) was a lieutenant colonel of Bangladesh Army. He served as Director of Intelligence of Rapid Action Battalion. Mohammad Abul Kalam Azad, was born on 30 October 1971 in Shibganj of Chapai Nawabganj district. He completed MA in English from National University. Abul Kalam Azad was commissioned in the East Bengal Regiment after passing the 34th BMA long course in June 7, 1996. During his time in the army he served in different posts including IO, Adjutant and Quartermaster with the 6th East Bengal Regiment. He also

title: Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)

text: political – the political is personal – that adage only applies to a part of his work. Left politics seen from the inside, religious ritual as street-side happening, blatant sexuality and marginalized sexual desire, drugged and drunken excess, the glories of classical music and dance, quotidian little details – his images teem with a life which cannot be contained'. Abul’s first exhibition was in Kalapeedom, Kochi and since then has exhibited his works in India and Abroad. 150 images from various series of Abul Kalam Azad has been featured in the ten different notebooks published by Ekalokam Collective, in the

title: Abul Kalam Azad (politician)

text: Abul Kalam Azad (politician) Abul Kalam Azad, (born 5 March 1947) is a former Bangladeshi politician of the Jamaat-e-Islami, televangelist and convicted war criminal of the Bangladesh liberation war. He was the first of nine prominent Jamaat-e-Islami members accused of war crimes by the International Crimes Tribunal-2 of Bangladesh to be convicted for crimes against humanity, including murder and rape. On 21 January 2013 Azad was sentenced to death by hanging for his crimes. Abul Kalam Azad was born on 5 March 1947 to an impoverished farmer, Abdus Salam Mia and his wife of Barakhardia village, under Saltha Police Station

title: Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)

text: of Azad’s work can be seen to have a thrust towards an archive of local micro-history at the level of personal memory and in that sense, his works add up to a kind of social anthropology of his land and its people, though not necessarily in the line of tradition of the objective documentary'. Abul Kalam Azad is the visionary behind EtP Ekalokam Trust for Photography, a Trust dedicated to preserving and promoting contemporary Photography. He is also the Director of Project 365, a public photo art project that collectively creates and preserves photographic visuals of the fast changing culture

title: Abul Kalam Azad Chowdhury

text: Abul Kalam Azad Chowdhury Abul Kalam Azad Chowdhury (also AK Azad Chowdhury; born 21 October 1946) is a Bangladeshi academic. He served as the 23rd Vice-chancellor of the University of Dhaka and the 11th Chairman of University Grants Commission of Bangladesh. Chowdhury was born on 21 October 1946 to Siddiqur Rahman Chowdhury and Anwara Begum Chowdhury. He completed his bachelor's and master's in bio-chemistry from the University of Dhaka in 1967 and 1968 respectively. He obtained his Ph.D. in Pharmacy from the University of Manchester in 1976. Chowdhury was a member of Drug Policy Committee of Harvard University, National Professor

title: Abul Kalam Azad (Jamalpur politician)

text: he term "yellow journalism". Analysts say such laws were only enacted to curb the freedom of the press and dissident voices. In 2015, Azad was sent a show cause order by his own party, the Bangladesh Awami League for working against party policy and supporting a rebel candidate. Abul Kalam Azad (Jamalpur politician) Abul Kalam Azad is a member of parliament of the Jatiya Sangsad and former information minister of Bangladesh. Azad serves as the Member of Parliament for Jamalpur District. From 2009 to 2013, he served as the Minister of Information. In 2009, when Azad was inaugurated as minister

title: Syed Abul Kalam Azad

text: former academic council member of East West University and Presidency University, Bangladesh. Azad was the former convenor of Jatiyatabadi Oikya Parishad. He visited Greenwich University, Karachi in Pakistan as a Dean of faculty of Business Studies with a Bangladeshi delegation in 13 June 2001. In 2007, RAJUK, development authority of Dhaka, accused Dhaka University authorities to violate the building laws, rules and codes in construction of buildings without approval from RAJUK. Responding to legal obligation of obtaining building approval, Azad said, Syed Abul Kalam Azad Syed Abul Kalam Azad (born 1 October 1951) is a professor and former treasurer of

title: Syed Abul Kalam Azad

text: Syed Abul Kalam Azad Syed Abul Kalam Azad (born 1 October 1951) is a professor and former treasurer of University of Dhaka. He was also the treasurer of the National University, Bangladesh. Azad is from Lakshmipur District of Bangladesh. He was born in 1951 and his father's name is Syed Amin Ullah. He completed his masters from University of Dhaka in 1973. He was the student of 1st batch in Department of Marketing. He completed Master of Business Administration from Western Illinois University, USA. Azad did his Ph.D in 2015 under the supervision of Professor M.A. Quddus. His topic is

title: Abul Kalam Azad

text: actor Virendra Razdan in the 1982 biographical film, "Gandhi", directed by Richard Attenborough. His birthday, 11 November is celebrated as National Education Day in India. Abul Kalam Azad Maulana Sayyid Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al-Hussaini Azad (; 11 November 1888 – 22 February 1958) was an Indian scholar, activist and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement. Following India's independence, he became the First Minister of Education in the Indian government Minister of Human Resource Development (until 25 September 1958, Ministry of Education) . He is commonly remembered as Maulana Azad;

title: Abul Kalam Azad

text: Maulana Azad is considered one of the greatest Urdu writers of the 20th century. He has written many books including India Wins Freedom, Ghubar-e-Khatir, Tazkirah, Tarjumanul Quran, etc.

title: Abul Kalam Azad

text: foundation in India is recognised by celebrating his birthday as "National Education Day" across India. As a young man, Azad composed poetry in Urdu, as well as treatises on religion and philosophy. He rose to prominence through his work as a journalist, publishing works critical of the British Raj and espousing the causes of Indian nationalism. Azad became the leader of the Khilafat Movement, during which he came into close contact with the Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi. Azad became an enthusiastic supporter of Gandhi's ideas of non-violent civil disobedience, and worked to organise the non-co-operation movement in protest of the

title: Abul Kalam Azad

text: freedom struggle and its leaders, which was published in 1959. As India's first Minister of Education, he emphasised on educating the rural poor and girls. As Chairman of the Central Advisory Board of Education, he gave thrust to adult literacy, universal primary education, free and compulsory for all children up to the age of 14, girl"s education, and diversification of secondary education and vocational training. Addressing the conference on All India Education on 16 January 1948, Maulana Azad emphasised, He oversaw the setting up of the Central Institute of Education, Delhi, which later became the Department of Education of the

title: Abdur Razzaq Malihabadi

text: Abdur Razzaq Malihabadi Abdur Razzaq Malihabadi (1875-1959?) was the autobiographer of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and a journalist. He was born in Malihabad, a suburb of Lucknow district, capital of Uttar Pradesh. He died in Mumbai due to cancer survived by two sons (elder son is currently Rajya Sabha MP & Journalist) and a daughter (home maker). His early schooling happened in Lucknow & Azamgarh but later went on to Saudia Arab to do his doctrate & he spent many years of his life there. He had a rock solid grip with languages like Urdu, Persian, Arabic, Pashto. He worked

title: Syeda Saiyidain Hameed

text: 1984, on the Muslim social leaders of the Indian subcontinent as well as Sufism returned several books, all published in the 1990s. The first of the series was a 1990 book on Abul Kalam Azad, titled "India's Maulana Abul Kalam Azad", a treatise on the life of the Indian freedom movement leader and the first Education Minister of the Independent India. This was followed by a translation of "The Rubaiyat of Sarmad", a commentary on Muslims in India, "Al Hilal and Nai Roshini: Two Attempts to Integrate Muslims Into Indian Policy", and a study on Sufism, "Impact of Sufism on

title: Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)

text: and social life. His works could largely be associated with the place he lives, the social-political dynamics of the period, the technological advancement etc., and very much pertains to the local culture and historical context. Abul worked as Photo-journalist and editor in several magazines and news papers which is reflected in the works done during this period. He traveled for higher studies to Europe and London which has greatly influenced his works. Painted photography also referred to as Hand-colouring of photographs refers to manually adding colour to a black-and-white photograph print, generally either to heighten the realism of the photograph

title: Abul Kalam Azad

text: organise revolutionaries activities and meetings in Bengal, Bihar and Bombay (now called Mumbai). Azad's education had been shaped for him to become a cleric, but his rebellious nature and affinity for politics turned him towards journalism. Maulana Azad worked for Vakil, a newspaper from Amritsar. As per Allama Mashriqi's book titled "Dahulbab" "[Translation] In 1903, Maulvi Shibli Nomani...sent the respected Abul Kalam Azad...to Qibla-au-Kaaba [Khan Ata] in Amritsar so that he could shape his [Azad] future. Therefore he [Azad] stayed with him [Khan Ata] for five years and was part of the editorial team of the...Vakil." He established an Urdu

title: Abul Kalam Azad

text: main campus of the university is named after him. Azad was one of the main organizers of the Dharasana Satyagraha in 1931, and emerged as one of the most important national leaders of the time, prominently leading the causes of Hindu-Muslim unity as well as espousing secularism and socialism. He served as Congress president from 1940 to 1945, during which the "Quit India" rebellion was launched. Azad was imprisoned, together with the entire Congress leadership. Amidst communal turmoil following the partition of India, he worked for religious harmony. As India's Education Minister, Azad oversaw the establishment of a national education

title: Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)

text: the comparison with the overpowering architectures is the mass of human beings, who always remains powerless. Ordinary people are apparently absent from this history. Abul's works attempts at a re-reading of this history. 'In the 1990s, Abul traveled extensively the length and width of North India, and documented the unmistakable scar of time, the dilemma of post-emergency India — the erupting quest of the haunted sphinx of history at the foreground of a degenerating architecture of faith. This is evident in this set of work that deals with the violent message of an unending search for identity. In the context

title: Abul Kalam Azad

text: through the "Al-Hilal" newspaper. Azad was born on 11 November 1888 in Mecca, then a part of the Ottoman Empire. His real name was Sayyid Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al Hussaini, but he eventually became known as Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. Azad's father was a scholar who lived in Delhi with his maternal grandfather, as his father had died at a very young age. During the Sepoy Mutiny, he left India and settled in Mecca. His father Maulana Sayyid Muhammad Khairuddin bin Ahmed AlHussaini wrote twelve books, had thousands of disciples, and claimed noble ancestry, while his mother was

title: Abul Kalam Azad (officer)

text: worked in different important posts at the army headquarters, administrative office, 1st Para Commando Battalion and 19th East Bengal Regiment. He had been deputed to the paramilitary Rapid Action as commanding officer in Rab-12 from October 26, 2011. He served as a deputy director in the intelligence wing (TFI Cell) of Rab Headquarters from December 31, 2011 to December 7, 2013. He was promoted to the post of director in the intelligence wing in the same year. In 27 January 2016 he awarded the Bangladesh Police Medal. On 25 March 2017 he was critically injured in a bomb attack while

title: Abul Kalam Azad

short_answers:
Ghubar-e-Khatir
India Wins Freedom
Tarjumanul Quran
Tazkirah


question: who is next in line to inherit the british throne

answers: Charles, Prince of Wales

title: George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews

text: French and German. Downpatrick is the most senior potential heir to Queen Elizabeth II excluded from the line of succession for being a Roman Catholic under the Act of Settlement 1701, followed by his younger sister Lady Marina Charlotte Windsor, who also has been confirmed as a Roman Catholic. However, his youngest sister, Lady Amelia Windsor, remains in line to the throne. He was one of Diana, Princess of Wales's 17 godchildren. Lady Marina Charlotte Alexandra Katharine Helen Windsor (born 30 September 1992 at Rosie Hospital in Cambridge) is the elder daughter of the Earl and Countess of St Andrews.

title: Sophia of Hanover

text: Dowager of Hannover Daughter of the most Excellent Princess Elizabeth late Queen of Bohemia Daughter of our late Sovereign Lord King James the First of happy Memory be and is hereby declared to be the next in Succession in the Protestant Line to the Imperiall Crown and Dignity of the forsaid Realms of England France and Ireland with the Dominions and Territories thereunto belonging after His Majesty and the Princess Anne of Denmark and in Default of Issue of the said Princess Anne and of His Majesty respectively. Sophia was made heir presumptive to cut off not just a claim

title: Prince of Wales

text: and so on, or if the monarch's eldest son had died without issue, the monarch's second eldest son, etc. As such, a daughter of the sovereign who was next in line to the throne was never the heir apparent because she would be displaced in the succession by any future legitimate son of the sovereign. Along with the other Commonwealth realms, the United Kingdom in 2011 committed to the Perth Agreement, which proposed changes to the laws governing succession, including altering the primogeniture to absolute cognatic. The Succession to the Crown Act 2013 was introduced to the British parliament on

title: Lord Frederick Windsor

text: Lord Frederick Windsor Lord Frederick Windsor (born 6 April 1979), also nicknamed Freddie Windsor, is a British financial analyst, and the only son of Prince and Princess Michael of Kent. He is currently 48th in line to the succession of the British throne. He is President of the charity Soldier On!, which invites socially isolated people to participate in archaeology and heritage projects as well as career development workshops. Windsor was born on 6 April 1979 at St Mary's Hospital, London. He is a first cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth II and a first cousin twice removed of Prince

title: Lady Davina Lewis

text: in the Waipoua Forest of Northland Region, New Zealand. Until 26 March 2015, Tāne was ahead of Senna in the line of succession to the British throne, as the monarchy's 300-year-old Act of Settlement gave sons priority over daughters. When the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 took effect in all Commonwealth realms in 2015, Senna became the nearest relative of the reigning monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, to be affected by the change in law, which advanced her proximity to the Crown by reversing her place in the order of succession with that of her younger brother. Senna and Tāne

title: Succession to the British throne

text: complete version of the line of succession is currently maintained. The exact number, in remoter collateral lines, of the people who would be eligible is uncertain. In 2001, American genealogist William Addams Reitwiesner compiled a list of 4,973 living descendants of the Electress Sophia in order of succession, but did so disregarding Roman Catholic status. When updated in January 2011, the number was 5,753. The annotated list below covers the first part of this line of succession, being limited to descendants of the sons of George V (the present Queen's grandfather). The order of the first seventeen numbered in the

title: George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews

text: Rosie Hospital in Cambridge. She is 38th in the line of succession to the thrones of Britain, Canada, and the other Commonwealth realms, following her father (). He married a Roman Catholic and was therefore formerly removed from line of succession in accordance with the Act of Settlement 1701 until the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 restored his place in the line. Lady Amelia's elder siblings both converted to and were confirmed in the Roman Catholic Church, making them still ineligible for the succession. In 2017, Amelia was named in the "Vanity Fair" International Best Dressed list. St Andrews'

title: Lady Rose Gilman

text: Lady Rose Gilman Lady Rose Victoria Birgitte Louise Gilman (née Windsor; born 1 March 1980) is the younger daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, and is 33rd in the line of succession to the British Throne . Lady Rose was born at St Mary's Hospital, London, and at birth was 12th in line of succession to the British Throne. She was baptised on 13 July 1980 at St Andrew's Church, Barnwell, Northamptonshire. Her godparents included The Prince Edward and Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones. She attended St George's School, Ascot and grew up at her parents' apartment in Kensington Palace.

title: Succession to the Crown Bill 2004

text: still remained in force. The most immediate effect of the Bill passing and becoming law would have been the moving of Princess Anne from her then position of ninth on the line of succession to the British throne to fourth, displacing Prince Andrew, Duke of York. It was unclear as to how the Bill would have affected the line of succession in the other 15 Commonwealth realms as it explicitly applied to the United Kingdom only. The Bill drew on the recommendations of the Fabian Society's Commission on the Future of the Monarchy, which reported in 2003. Lord Dubs is

text: queen and the throne would have been inherited by her eldest child, and so on. Friederike is not considered a pretender to the British throne, as this alternative line of succession is completely hypothetical. Next in line would be her eldest child, Felicitas Catharini Malina Johanna von Reiche. Alternative successions of the English and British crown British history provides several opportunities for alternative claimants to the Crown to arise, and historical scholars have on occasion traced to present times the heirs of those alternative claims. Throughout this article, the names of "would-have-been" monarchs are in "italics". Richard II abdicated in

title: Prince Louis of Cambridge

text: succession to the British throne, behind his grandfather, father and older siblings, Prince George and Princess Charlotte. Following the implementation of the Perth Agreement, which replaced male-preference primogeniture with absolute primogeniture, he is the first British prince to be ranked behind an elder sister in the line of succession. Prince Louis of Cambridge Prince Louis of Cambridge (Louis Arthur Charles; ; born 23 April 2018) is a member of the British royal family. He is the third and youngest child and second son of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge. He is fifth in the line

title: Lady Amelia Windsor

text: IX of Denmark, Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg, and Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel. Lady Amelia Windsor Lady Amelia Windsor ("Amelia Sophia Theodora Mary Margaret Windsor"; born 24 August 1995) is an English fashion model and member of the British royal family. She is currently 38th in the line of succession to the British throne. Lady Amelia Windsor was born on 24 August 1995 at Rosie Hospital in Cambridge and was christened in December 1995 at Chapel Royal, St James's Palace. She is the youngest child of George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews, and Sylvana Tomaselli. Her paternal grandfather,

title: Lady Amelia Windsor

text: Lady Amelia Windsor Lady Amelia Windsor ("Amelia Sophia Theodora Mary Margaret Windsor"; born 24 August 1995) is an English fashion model and member of the British royal family. She is currently 38th in the line of succession to the British throne. Lady Amelia Windsor was born on 24 August 1995 at Rosie Hospital in Cambridge and was christened in December 1995 at Chapel Royal, St James's Palace. She is the youngest child of George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews, and Sylvana Tomaselli. Her paternal grandfather, Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, is a first cousin of Elizabeth II. Her paternal great

title: Dynasty

text: (born 1954), a male-line descendant of George III of the United Kingdom, possesses no legal British name, titles or styles (although he is entitled to re-claim the once-royal dukedom of Cumberland), was born in the line of succession to the British crown and was bound by Britain's Royal Marriages Act 1772 until it was repealed when the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 took effect on 26 March 2015. Thus, in 1999 he requested and obtained formal permission from Elizabeth II to marry the Roman Catholic Princess Caroline of Monaco. Yet a clause of the English Act of Settlement 1701

title: Princess Charlotte of Cambridge

text: all children of the Prince of Wales's elder son. She is thus styled "Her Royal Highness Princess Charlotte of Cambridge". Charlotte is fourth in the line of succession to the British throne, after her grandfather, father, and elder brother. Due to the implementation of the Perth Agreement, which replaced male-preference primogeniture with absolute primogeniture, she did not move down the line of succession when her younger brother, Prince Louis of Cambridge, was born on 23 April 2018. Princess Charlotte of Cambridge Princess Charlotte of Cambridge (Charlotte Elizabeth Diana; born 2 May 2015) is a member of the British royal family.

title: Lady Gabriella Windsor

text: Lady Gabriella Windsor Lady Gabriella Windsor (born 23 April 1981) is the daughter of Prince and Princess Michael of Kent. She is 51st in line to the succession of the British throne. Gabriella Windsor was born at St Mary's Hospital, London. She has an older brother, Frederick, born on 6 April 1979. She was educated at Queen's Gate School in London and Downe House School in Cold Ash, Berkshire. In May 2004, Gabriella graduated from Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, with a BA degree in Comparative Literature. In 2012, she earned an MPhil degree in Social Anthropology from Linacre

title: Succession to the Crown Bill 2011

text: male primogeniture in succeeding to the throne of the United Kingdom with absolute cognatic primogeniture. It was due to have received its Second Reading on 9 September, however, the second reading did not occur on that date, and was instead rescheduled for 25 November 2011. On 28 October 2011, it was announced by the heads of government of the 16 Commonwealth realms which share Elizabeth II as head of state that such a change in the law will soon be effected in all 16 independent nations, including the United Kingdom. Prime Minister David Cameron said that an Act of Parliament

title: Act of Settlement 1701

text: is Prince Michael of Kent, who married Baroness Marie-Christine von Reibnitz in 1978; he was fifteenth in the line of succession at the time. He was restored to the line of succession in 2015 when the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 came into force, and became 34th in line. The next most senior living descendant of the Electress Sophia who had been ineligible to succeed on this ground is George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews, the elder son of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, who married the Roman Catholic Sylvana Palma Tomaselli in 1988. His son, Lord Downpatrick, converted

title: Succession to the Crown Act 2013

text: of Acts of Union 1801, again maintained that the succession rules in place in the new United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland should be "continued limited and settled in the same manner". Since the Acts of Union 1707, male preference primogeniture has operated twice to displace a female by a younger brother: when Princess Augusta's younger brother became King George III on the death of their grandfather King George II (1760); and when Princess Victoria's younger brother became King Edward VII on the death of their mother Queen Victoria (1901). Princess Anne is the younger sister of the heir

title: Succession to the British throne

text: Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales.  Next in line after him is Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, the Prince of Wales's elder son. Third in line is Prince George, the son of the Duke of Cambridge, followed by his sister, Princess Charlotte. Fifth in line is Prince Henry of Wales, the younger son of the Prince of Wales. Sixth in line is Prince Andrew, Duke of York, the Queen's second-eldest son. Any of the first six in line marrying without the sovereign's consent would be disqualified from succession.

title: Succession to the Crown Act 2013

text: they came into force were the children of Lady Davina Lewis, her son Tāne (born 2012) and her daughter Senna (born 2010), who were reversed in the order of succession, becoming 29th and 28th in line respectively. When the Act came into force, the Duchess of Cambridge was expecting Princess Charlotte, upon whom the Act had no immediate practical effect; from her birth on 2 May 2015 she was fourth in line to the Throne, after Prince George of Cambridge and ahead of Prince Harry, just as she would have been had the Act not been passed. However, due to

title: Succession to the Throne Act, 2013

text: bill seeking to change British royal succession from agnatic to absolute, Prime Minister Stephen Harper was criticised for his ambivalence toward amendment of the line of succession in Canada, being contrasted with Prime Minister of New Zealand John Key and Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Nick Clegg. Harper stated: "The successor to the throne is a man. The next successor to the throne is a man... I don't think Canadians want to open a debate on the monarchy or constitutional matters at this time. That's our position. I just don't see that as a priority for Canadians right

title: Douai Abbey

text: ancestors in the Jacobite line since the 18th century. Prince Joseph Wenzel of Liechtenstein, styled His Serene Highness, is currently third in line in the Jacobite line of succession to the thrones of England, Scotland, Ireland and France. He is the first Jacobite heir born (1995) in the British Isles since 1688. In July 2014 a monk was ordained priest, the first priestly ordination since 2007. As of 2015, the community consisted of 25 monks. The monks are spread over a number of works, with seven parishes in England and two monks in Rome including the current abbot of the

title: Succession to the Crown Act 2015

text: realistic chance of succeeding to the Crown. For example, the male-line descendants of Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover, the fifth son of King George III, lost their crown in 1866 and their British titles in 1919, but are male-line descendants of George II. As such, they continued to be required to seek permission for their marriages from the British monarch, so that their marriages would be legal in the United Kingdom, where the family had a large amount of property. Since the Succession to the Crown Act came into force, only the first six persons in line to the throne

title: Louise Lehzen

text: this time the famous scene took place, in which Lehzen slipped a copy of the genealogy of the House of Hanover into one of the princess's lesson books. After perusing it for some time, Victoria came to see that her father had been next in line after the king, and that Queen Adelaide had no surviving children. This was the first time Victoria came to realise the destiny that had been assumed by many since her birth; that she would be the next British monarch. After a pause, Victoria is reported to have said "I will be good." This story

title: Lady Rose Gilman

text: in 2015, the siblings were affected by the change in law, which reversed Lyla's place in the order of succession with that of her younger brother. Lyla and Rufus became 31st and 32nd in line (now 34th and 35th), respectively. The same happened to their first cousins, Senna and Tāne Lewis, who became 28th and 29th in line (now 31st and 32nd). Lady Rose Gilman Lady Rose Victoria Birgitte Louise Gilman (née Windsor; born 1 March 1980) is the younger daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, and is 33rd in the line of succession to the British Throne

title: Monarchy of Canada

text: support royal residences outside of Canada. As in the other Commonwealth realms, the current heir apparent to the throne is Prince Charles, with the next four in the line of succession being the Prince's eldest son, Prince William, followed by William's three children Prince George, Princess Charlotte, and Prince Louis. Upon a demise of the Crown (the death or abdication of a sovereign), the late sovereign's heir immediately and automatically succeeds, without any need for confirmation or further ceremony; hence arises the phrase "The King is dead. Long live the King". It is customary for the accession of the new

title: Succession to the Crown Act 2013

text: apparent, Prince Charles. Her place in the line of succession is not affected by the provisions of the Act relating to male preference, in that she remains head of the line following those headed by her younger brothers, whose lines continue to precede hers under male preference. In December 2011 the Statement of Friday 28 October 2011 issued at Perth was published in a House of Commons committee report. It stated that the prime ministers of the sixteen Commonwealth nations "of whom Her Majesty the Queen is Head of State" had "agreed in principle to work together towards a common

title: Monarchy of Tuvalu

text: Rights 1689, and the Succession to the Crown Act 2013. This legislation lays out the rules that the monarch cannot be a Roman Catholic and must be in communion with the Church of England upon ascending the throne. The heir apparent is Elizabeth II's eldest son, Charles, who has no official title outside of the UK, but is accorded his UK title, "Prince of Wales", as a courtesy title. All laws in Tuvalu are enacted with the sovereign's, or the viceroy's granting of Royal Assent; it and proclamation are required for all acts of parliament, usually granted or withheld by

title: Succession to the British throne

text: Succession to the British throne Succession to the British throne is determined by descent, sex (for people born before October 2011), legitimacy, and religion. Under common law, the Crown is inherited by a sovereign's children or by a childless sovereign's nearest collateral line. The Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701 restrict succession to the throne to the legitimate Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover that are in "communion with the Church of England". Spouses of Roman Catholics were disqualified from 1689 until the law was amended in 2015. Protestant descendants of those excluded for being Roman

title: Succession to the British throne


question: when does rick and morty play on tv

answers: late-night

title: Rick and Morty (season 2)

text: Rick and Morty (season 2) The second season of the animated television series "Rick and Morty" originally aired on Cartoon Network's late night programming block Adult Swim in the United States on July 26, 2015 with "A Rickle in Time", and concluded on October 4 with "The Wedding Squanchers". This season aired a total of ten episodes. The actors and actresses listed below lend their voices to the corresponding animated characters. Other cast members of the season, who each have voiced one or more characters, include: Jay Johnson, Tom Kenny, Jill Talley, Paul F. Tompkins, Scott Chernoff, Ryan Elder, Will

title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: than expected to complete because of his perfectionism. As a result, the third season of "Rick and Morty" consisted of only ten episodes instead of fourteen, as was initially intended. The third season of "Rick and Morty" originally aired Sundays at 11:30 p.m EST. on Adult Swim, the adult-oriented nighttime programming block of Cartoon Network. The network offered free livestreams for the first two episodes of the season, with the remaining episodes requiring a cable subscription to watch the show live as it aired. Following the conclusion of the show's third season, Adult Swim made a livestream marathon of "Rick

title: Rick and Morty (season 1)

text: Rick and Morty (season 1) The first season of the American animated television series, "Rick and Morty" originally aired in the United States on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. It premiered on December 2, 2013 with "Pilot" and ended on April 14, 2014 with "Ricksy Business", with a total of eleven episodes. The first season received critical acclaim. The actors and actresses listed below lend their voices to the corresponding animated characters. Other cast members of the season, who each have voiced one or more characters, include: Eric Bauza, Dan Harmon, Phil Hendrie, Brandon Johnson, Ryan Ridley,

title: Rick and Morty

text: vary from one reality to another. The show's original Rick identifies himself as "Rick Sanchez of Earth Dimension C-137", in reference to his original universe, but this does not necessarily apply to every other member of the Smith household. For instance, in the first-season episode "Rick Potion #9", after turning the entire world population into monsters, Rick and Morty move to a different dimension, leaving Summer, Beth and Jerry behind. Following the conclusion of the third season, co-creators Harmon and Roiland wanted to have assurance that there would be many more seasons of "Rick and Morty" in the future, so

title: Rick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality

text: Rick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality Rick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality is a virtual reality game compatible with HTC Vive, Playstation VR and Oculus Rift developed by Owlchemy Labs and published by Adult Swim Games for Microsoft Windows on April 20, 2017. It is based on the American animated series "Rick and Morty", whose series co-creator Justin Roiland aided in the development. A port for the PlayStation 4 has been released on April 10, 2018. Using HTC Vive, Playstation VR or Oculus Rift, the player controls V.R. Morty, the clone of Morty Smith, the grandson of mad scientist Rick Sanchez. The

title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: viewing as compared to "Live+Same Day" ratings. Considering that episodes of the third season originally aired at 11:30 p.m. on Sundays, it is very likely that people would have watched them on-demand the next day or several days later. Christina Miller, the president of Adult Swim, told "Fortune" that "Rick and Morty" "goes beyond just appealing to millennials," as numbers suggest that people of all ages are watching the show. The second episode of the season, which aired nearly four months after the unannounced premiere, was the season's most-watched episode with 2.86 million viewers, and the second-best on cable for

title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: Rick and Morty (season 3) The third season of "Rick and Morty", an American animated television series created by Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland, originally aired on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. It premiered with "The Rickshank Rickdemption", which aired unannounced on April 1, 2017, as part of Adult Swim's annual April Fools' prank. As a result of production delays, the remaining episodes began airing weekly nearly four months later, on July 30, 2017. The season comprised ten episodes, and its initial airing concluded on October 1, 2017. The premiere picks up where the second-season finale left

title: Rick and Morty (season 2)

text: Dan Guterman and Alex Rubens served as writers. All episodes in the first season originally aired in the United States on Adult Swim. All episodes are rated TV-14, with the exception of "Interdimensional Cable 2: Tempting Fate", which was rated TV-MA. The second season was released on DVD (Region 1) and Blu-ray on June 7, 2016. Rick and Morty (season 2) The second season of the animated television series "Rick and Morty" originally aired on Cartoon Network's late night programming block Adult Swim in the United States on July 26, 2015 with "A Rickle in Time", and concluded on October

title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: work weekends in order to cope with the demanding workload. In September 2016, the writing team had finished writing new episodes and they were waiting on their return from Bardel Entertainment, "Rick and Morty"s Canadian animation studio, for in-house screenings. After the animatics (video recorded versions of a hand-drawn storyboard with very limited motion) for each episode were made, and the production team was able to pre-visualize the animation, additional passes on the scripts would follow. In an interview with "The Detroit Cast", writer Ryan Ridley revealed that the writing process for the third season was completed in November 2016,

title: Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty)

text: reaction that compels animals to breed". When Rick and Morty irreversibly mutate all humans on Earth except for their family members, they abandon their original dimension, Dimension C-137 (and their family in that dimension), for a new one. Rick locates a universe in which the alternate version of himself has undone the damage inflicted by the love potion, but where the new dimension's Rick and Morty have been killed, allowing the C-137 Rick and Morty to take their place. Despite Morty's trauma concerning this knowledge, Rick is nonchalant about moving to the new dimension. In the episode "Close Rick-counters of

title: Rick and Morty (season 1)

text: McMahan was also given writing credit. All episodes in the first season originally aired in the United States on Adult Swim, and are rated TV-14. However, the uncensored version of the episodes released on DVD and Blu-ray are rated TV-MA. The first season was released on DVD (Region 1) and Blu-ray on October 7, 2014. Before its release, Roiland had confirmed that it would contain uncensored audio tracks. Rick and Morty (season 1) The first season of the American animated television series, "Rick and Morty" originally aired in the United States on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim.

title: Rixty Minutes

text: shows (especially improvised ones), the output is hit or miss." Rixty Minutes "Rixty Minutes" is the eighth episode of the first season of "Rick and Morty". It premiered on Adult Swim on March 17, 2014. The episode was written by Tom Kauffman and Justin Roiland, and directed by Bryan Newton. In the episode, Rick and Morty watch cable from other dimensions, while Jerry, Beth, and Summer watch alternate reality versions of themselves using a pair of interdimensional goggles. The episode was well received and watched by about 1.48 million viewers in the United States. After Rick expresses his disgust for

title: Rick and Morty

text: and Blu-ray (single BD-50 disc) on June 7, 2016. Special features include behind the scenes, commentary and animatics for every episode, deleted animatic sketches and a "Plumbus Owner's Manual" booklet. The 10-episode third season, was released on DVD (2-disc set) and Blu-ray (single BD-50 disc) on May 15, 2018. Special features include exclusive commentary and animatics for every episode, "inside the episode", the origins of "Rick and Morty", and an exclusive "inside the recording booth" session. Uncensored versions of the show are also available to purchase on various digital platforms, including iTunes and Amazon, with the digital releases of each

title: Rixty Minutes

text: Morty attempts to console her. After she attempts to push him away, Morty shows Summer the graves that he dug in their backyard (from the episode "Rick Potion No. 9"). He reveals the truth that the Morty from her reality is dead, and that he is not, in fact, her brother, but a brother from another reality. He then concludes by saying "Nobody exists on purpose, nobody belongs anywhere, everybody is going to die... Come watch TV?" Summer agrees to stay, and the two of them go back downstairs to watch TV with Rick and Jerry. The television in the

title: Pilot (Rick and Morty)

text: Pilot (Rick and Morty) "Pilot" is the first episode of the American animated television sitcom "Rick and Morty". Written by series creators Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland, and directed by Roiland, the episode premiered on Adult Swim on December 2, 2013. The series introduces protagonists, alcoholic scientist Rick Sanchez and his innocent teenage grandson Morty Smith, as they embark on a dangerous interdimensional adventure to fetch Mega tree seeds. The pilot had a mixed to positive reception and was seen by about 1.1 million viewers when airing. Rick establishes himself as a bad influence on his grandson Morty when it

title: Rick and Morty

text: there to react to Rick’s deranged schemes." The character is transformed by the truths he discovers during his interdimensional adventures with his grandfather. However, instead of sinking into depression, Morty accepts these truths that empower him to value his own life. The 11-episode first season was released on DVD (2-disc set) and Blu-ray (single BD-50 disc) on October 7, 2014. Special features include commentary and animatics for every episode, deleted scenes, behind the scenes featurette and commentaries by special guests Matt Groening, Robert Kirkman, Pendleton Ward, Al Jean and others. The 10-episode second season was released on DVD (2-disc set)

title: Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty)

text: Beth Smith, and the grandfather of Morty and Summer Smith. He is said to have been away from the family for several years prior to the events of the show. He frequently travels on adventures through space and other planets and dimensions with his grandson Morty. In the third season of the show, it is revealed that he is 70 years old. Rick is portrayed as a mad scientist; utilizing his mathematical and scientific prowess in conjunction with apathy and egotistical cynicism, he emerges safely from any situation, regardless of the consequences of his self-preservation. Rick also, in some episodes,

title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: off, as the show continues to follow the adventures of the members of the Smith household. When Jerry asks Beth to choose between him and Rick, the strength of their marriage is tested. Jerry is confronted with the loss of his family, while Beth begins to discover her independence again. Morty and Summer deal with their parents' separation by seeking more control over their lives. Rick's nihilistic way of life continues to prevent him from bonding with his family, as he remains unable to change his self-destructive behavior. The third season of "Rick and Morty" delivered the highest ratings in

title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: and "a necessary corrective to an arc that was in danger of going off the rails completely". "Rick and Morty" completed its third season with overall viewership numbers increased by 81% over the previous season, and delivered the highest ratings in Adult Swim's history. "Rick and Morty" was the most popular television comedy within the 18–24 and 18–34 age ranges in the United States, based on "Live+7" ratings data spanning from December 2016 to September 2017. This rating system tracks live viewership plus streaming and on-demand viewing over an initial week-long period, and provides a more accurate picture of delayed

title: Rick and Morty

title: Rixty Minutes

text: Rixty Minutes "Rixty Minutes" is the eighth episode of the first season of "Rick and Morty". It premiered on Adult Swim on March 17, 2014. The episode was written by Tom Kauffman and Justin Roiland, and directed by Bryan Newton. In the episode, Rick and Morty watch cable from other dimensions, while Jerry, Beth, and Summer watch alternate reality versions of themselves using a pair of interdimensional goggles. The episode was well received and watched by about 1.48 million viewers in the United States. After Rick expresses his disgust for the quality of modern television, he replaces the Smith family's

title: Morty Smith

text: 1 of the "Rick and Morty" comic series follows the Rick and Morty of Dimension C-132 while most issues of subsequent instalments follow the Rick and Morty of "C-137"; the video game "Pocket Mortys" follows the Rick and Morty of C-123. Morty is 14 years old and is a student at Harry Herpson High School along with his older sister Summer. Morty seems to be suffering from anxiety and is easily stressed, largely as a result of traumatic experiences during his adventures with Rick. He is often dismissed as idiotic by Rick and others, but is shown to be wiser

title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: and Morty" available to watch on its official website in select regions, hoping to dissuade viewers from watching other illegal livestreams. The episodes were made available to watch on Netflix in a number of countries outside the United States, one week after their original airdate. The season was added to Hulu on June 23, 2018, with the expansion following a similar timeline with that of the two previous seasons for the streaming service. Uncensored versions of the season are also available to purchase on various digital distribution platforms, including iTunes, Amazon and Microsoft Store. The digital release includes commentaries on

title: Pilot (Rick and Morty)

text: is discovered that Morty has missed a semester of school in the time he's spent on adventures with Rick. Rick takes Morty to another dimension, known as Dimension 35-C, which has the perfect conditions for growing "Mega Trees", which Rick requires for his research. In order to get past intergalactic customs, Morty hides the Mega Tree seeds in his rectum, but when their cover is blown, Rick and Morty escape while engaging in a shootout with bureaucratic alien insects. Ultimately, the seeds are used to briefly make Morty highly intelligent, causing his parents to believe he is fine with his

title: A Rickle in Time

text: A Rickle in Time "A Rickle in Time" is the first episode in the second season of the American animated television sitcom "Rick and Morty", and the twelfth overall episode of the series. Written by Matt Roller and directed by Wes Archer, the episode first aired on Adult Swim in the United States on July 26, 2015. The title of the episode could be a reference to the novel, "A Wrinkle in Time". In the episode, Rick, Morty, and his sister Summer—having restarted time after freezing it in the season one finale "Ricksy Business"—are in a quantum-uncertain state of existence.

title: Morty Smith

text: Morty Smith Morty Smith is one of the title characters from the Adult Swim animated television series "Rick and Morty". Created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon, Morty is an anxious teen based on Marty McFly from "Back to the Future". Known for his awkward, anxious, second-guessing, and doubtful personality, the character has been well-received. He is a young, good-natured, and impressionable boy who can be somewhat easily manipulated. He is formally referred to as Morty Smith C-137 by the Trans-Dimensional Council of Ricks, in reference to his original universe, "C-137". Both Morty and Rick are voiced by Roiland. Volume

title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: see "Rick and Morty" join the exclusive club of shows with over nineteen episodes", and Justin Roiland added "I am blown away by the seemingly instant success of "Rick and Morty". I look forward to continuing their adventures!" In an October 2015 interview with "The Hollywood Reporter", Roiland revealed that the team had received a lot of scripts from female writers for the upcoming season, which had never happened before. He stated that "We've gone from having zero spec scripts [in the running from female] candidates, to having five or six of them, so it's looking very likely that season

title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: and Morty" third year ended on a total reset," with Beth and the kids reuniting with Jerry in the season-finale, as they seek comfort through escapism and ignore the realities of their lives. Once again, Rick becomes the outsider figure in the Smith household, with Beth noting that from this point "things will be like season one" again. Zack Handlen of "The A.V. Club", however, appeared skeptical about the character's statement, noting that "the problem with going as far as season three went is that bridges stay burned". Handlen considered Jerry's return to be an anticlimax from a character standpoint

title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: "tend to suck all the oxygen out of the virtual room." Series co-creator Justin Roiland said on his Twitter account that he sees more good than bad in the series' fanbase, and chooses to focus on that. "Rick and Morty" received a total of eight nominations for its third season in 2017 and 2018, of which it won an IGN Award and a Critics' Choice Television Award, both in the categories for "Best Animated Series". Furthermore, the episode "Pickle Rick" received three nominations, of which it won an Emmy Award for "Outstanding Animated Program" and an Annie Award for "Best

title: Rick and Morty

text: that they would be able to focus on the show and minimize their involvement in other projects. After prolonged contract negotiations, Adult Swim announced a long-term deal with the creators in May 2018, ordering 70 new episodes over an unspecified number of seasons. Talking about the upcoming fourth season a few months earlier, Harmon had said that he wishes for it to consist of more than ten episodes, and writer Ryan Ridley had said that he does not expect it to air any sooner than late 2019. "Rick and Morty" was created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon. The duo

title: Rick and Morty

long_answer: Rick and Morty is an American adult animated science fiction comedy series created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block Adult Swim. The series follows the misadventures of cynical mad scientist Rick Sanchez and his fretful, easily influenced grandson Morty Smith, who split their time between domestic life and interdimensional adventures. The series premiered on December 2, 2013, and the third season concluded on October 1, 2017. A fourth season has been mentioned, first by Harmon in a September 2017 interview, and later in the post-credits scene of the third season's finale. However, as of April 2018, its future remains uncertain.


question: how many ammendments to the constitution have there been

answers: Twenty-seven

answers: Thirty-three

title: Constitutional Convention (United States)

text: delegates were pleased with the results; thirteen left before the ceremony, and three of those remaining refused to sign: Edmund Randolph of Virginia, George Mason of Virginia, and Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts. George Mason demanded a Bill of Rights if he was to support the Constitution. The Bill of Rights was not included in the Constitution submitted to the states for ratification, but many states ratified the Constitution with the understanding that a bill of rights would soon follow. Shortly before the document was to be signed, Gorham proposed to lower the size of congressional districts from 40,000 to 30,000

title: Somyot Chueathai

text: of the new Constitution in 2007, Somyot stated that he once foretold that the new constitution will be unlikely to solve any problems in the country, but no one pays attention to the words of a public law instructor like him because everyone wants to have a new election taken place without delay. Somyot then declared that he ceased to teach constitutional law from that time onwards. He said: "The upcoming problems are judicial activism. The 2007 Constitution has bound the judges with political affairs. This will result in serious worries, because the heart of the Constitution should be the

title: History of the United States Constitution

text: for a Second Constitutional Convention, although professors like Dahl believe there is no real hope this would ever happen. French journalist Jean-Philippe Immarigeon wrote in "Harper's" that the "nearly 230-year-old constitution stretched past the limits of its usefulness", and suggested key problem points were the inability to call an election when government became gridlocked, a several month period between inauguration of a president and when he or she takes office, and inability of the lower house of Congress to influence serious foreign policy decisions such as ending a war when faced with a veto. University of Virginia professor Larry Sabato

text: citizens. A similar measure had been proposed earlier, and failed by one vote. George Washington spoke up here, making his only substantive contribution to the text of the Constitution in supporting this move. The Convention adopted it without further debate. Gorham would sign the document, although he had openly doubted whether the United States would remain a single, unified nation for more than 150 years. Ultimately, 39 of the original 55 delegates ended up signing, but it is likely that none were completely satisfied. Their views were summed up by Benjamin Franklin, who said, "I confess that There are several

title: Ohio

text: Assembly to put questions on the ballot for the people to ratify laws and constitutional amendments originating in the Legislature. Under the Jeffersonian principle that laws should be reviewed once a generation, the constitution provided for a recurring question to appear on Ohio's general election ballots every 20 years. The question asks whether a new convention is required. Although the question has appeared in 1932, 1952, 1972, and 1992, it has never been approved. Instead, constitutional amendments have been proposed by petition to the legislature hundreds of times and adopted in a majority of cases. Eight US Presidents hailed from

title: Second Constitutional Convention of the United States

text: "total overhaul" of the constitution could fix the "years of accumulated damage and dysfunction," according to a report in the "Economist" in 2013. French journalist Jean-Philippe Immarigeon suggested in "Harper's magazine" that the "nearly 230-year-old constitution stretched past the limits of its usefulness". A report in "USA Today" suggested that 17 of 34 states have petitioned Congress for a convention to deal with the issue of a balanced budget amendment. A report on "CNN" suggested that 30 state legislatures are considering resolutions either calling for a constitutional convention or else proposing changes to the Constitution. David O. Stewart suggested that

title: United States Constitution

text: The majority of the seventeen later amendments expand individual civil rights protections. Others address issues related to federal authority or modify government processes and procedures. Amendments to the United States Constitution, unlike ones made to many constitutions worldwide, are appended to the document. All four pages of the original U.S. Constitution are written on parchment. According to the United States Senate: "The Constitution's first three words—"We the People"—affirm that the government of the United States exists to serve its citizens. For over two centuries the Constitution has remained in force because its framers wisely separated and balanced governmental powers to

title: Constitutional right

text: the national authorities. Nowadays, most countries have a written constitution comprising similar or distinct constitutional rights. Since 1789, along with the Constitution of the United States of America (hereinafter U.S. Constitution), which is the oldest and shortest written constitution still in force, around 220 other similar constitutions were adopted around the world by independent states. In the late 18th century, Thomas Jefferson predicted that a period of 20 years will be the optimal time for any Constitution to still be in force since "the earth belongs to the living, and not to the dead." Coincidence or not, according to recent

title: The Constitution of Man

text: natural laws are true, taught, and incorporated into the 'public mind.' Initially, "The Constitution of Man" was indifferently received, selling in small numbers over a period of six years or so. Historian James Secord reports, "In Britain "Constitution" was initially a flop. Published in an edition of 1,500 the book sold slowly until 1835, about 100 copies a year and received almost no reviews. In 1832, two revised, expanded, and subsidized ‘Henderson’ editions in the same format…sold quickly" The Henderson edition was subsidized by William Ramsay Henderson with a donation of five-thousand pounds for the 'advancement of Phrenology.' In 1836,

title: Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution

text: 700. This is widely considered an overestimate. The House of Representatives is in the process of building its own official count which currently stands at over 120 with 35 states having current live calls that have not been rescinded. This is an underestimate as it so far does not include anything before the 1960s and there are many known Convention calls not yet included. Both Wolf PAC and the Convention of the States estimate, based on spot checking, that the real figure is in the range of 400 calls. Even though the Article V Convention process has never been used

text: were "revised, corrected and enlarged" for good government and preservation of the Union. The Senate is elected by the states, at first by the state legislatures. Congress passes acts for revenue collected directly in the states, and the rulings of state courts are reviewed by the Supreme Court. State apportionment for taxes failed, but the 'house' is apportioned by the population count of free inhabitants and three-fifths of others originally. States can be added to the Union. Presidents appoint federal judges. Treaties entered into by Congress are the supreme law of the land. All state judiciaries are bound to enforce

text: by Congress were allayed by amendments passed under the floor leadership of James Madison during the first session of Congress. These first ten Amendments became known as the Bill of Rights. Objections to a potentially remote federal judiciary were reconciled with 13 federal courts (11 states, plus Maine and Kentucky), and three federal riding circuits out of the Supreme Court: Eastern, Middle and South. Suspicion of a powerful federal executive was answered by Washington's cabinet appointments of once-Anti-Federalists Edmund Jennings Randolph as Attorney General and Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State. What Constitutional historian Pauline Maier termed a national "dialogue

title: Somyot Chueathai

text: Constitution will cause the return of a new coup and a new coup and a new coup, over and over. The section is like a son that kills his own father, because it is bigger than the Constitution. Now, I'd like to tell you that I won't teach constitutional law anymore, because I cannot accept section 309." Somyot has produced many prominent academic works, all of which could be viewed at the Office of the Libraries, Thammasat University. As for his personal life, Somyot is a football player. He has played football since he was a student at the Faculty

title: Wiki-constitutionalism

text: cited for the existence of "Wiki-constitutionalism" is the sheer number of constitutions which have existed in Latin America when compared with other regions of the globe. If one looks at fully restructured rewrites (as opposed to amendments), "the Dominican Republic has had 32 separate constitutions since its independence in 1821. Venezuela follows close behind with 26, Haiti has had 24, Ecuador 20, and Bolivia recently passed its seventeenth" and "over half of the 21 Latin American nations have had at least ten constitutions while, in the rest of the world, only Thailand (17), France (16), Greece (13), and Poland (10)

text: to Congress by the Constitution are reserved to the states to be exercised by them." New York, not to be outdone, appended a list of thirty-two requested amendments plus a lengthy statement of "impressions" and "explanations" about the new Constitution to their affirmative vote. The sharp Anti-Federalist critique of the Constitution did not abate after it became operational, and by the time the First Congress convened in March 1789, there existed widespread sentiment in both the House and Senate in favor of making alterations. That September, Congress adopted twelve amendments and sent to the states for ratification. Ten of these

title: First Amendment to the United States Constitution

text: restrained but by despotic Governments." Eight of the other twelve states made similar pledges. However, these declarations were generally considered "mere admonitions to state legislatures", rather than enforceable provisions. After several years of comparatively weak government under the Articles of Confederation, a Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia proposed a new constitution on September 17, 1787, featuring among other changes a stronger chief executive. George Mason, a Constitutional Convention delegate and the drafter of Virginia's Declaration of Rights, proposed that the Constitution include a bill of rights listing and guaranteeing civil liberties. Other delegates—including future Bill of Rights drafter James Madison—disagreed, arguing

title: Constitutional right

text: long or is incredibly short. Important not to forget or make any confusions about it is that constitutional rights are not a specific characteristic of democratic countries, but also non-democratic countries have Constitutions, such as North Korea for example, which officially grants every citizen, among other rights, the freedom of expression. Other coded set of laws have existed before the first Constitutions were developed having some similar purpose and functions, like the United Kingdom's 1215 Magna Carta or the Virginia Bill of Rights of 1776. On September 17, 1787 the United States Constitution was signed during the Constitutional Convention (United

title: Constitutional amendment

text: the amendment of some constitutions have proven to be so exacting, that of proposed amendments either few (8 Amendments out of 44 proposed in Australia), or none (as in Japan) have been passed over a period of several decades. In contrast, the constitution of the U.S. state of Alabama has been amended over 800 times since 1901. There are a number of formal differences, from one jurisdiction to another, in the manner in which constitutional amendments are both originally drafted and written down once they become law. In some jurisdictions, such as Ireland, Estonia, and Australia, constitutional amendments originate as

text: vote to persons previously considered ineligible and also to protect their exercise of that right. One Amendment, the Eighteenth, which criminalized the production, transport and sale of alcohol nationwide, was later repealed by another, the Twenty-first. Nine ratified amendments (11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 20, 22, and 25) have explicitly superseded or modified the text of the original Constitution. In the early twentieth century Lochner era, the Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional various state laws that limited labor contracts. The Constitution was criticized as putting the government at the beck and call of big business. More recent criticism has often

title: List of amendments to the United States Constitution

title: United States Bill of Rights

text: are built upon those found in several earlier documents, including the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the English Bill of Rights, along with earlier documents such as Magna Carta (1215). In practice, the amendments had little impact on judgments by the courts for the first 150 years after ratification. On June 8, 1789, Representative James Madison introduced nine amendments to the Constitution in the House of Representatives. Madison proposed inserting specific rights limiting the power of Congress in Article One, Section 9. Seven of these limitations would become part of the ten ratified Bill of Rights amendments. Ultimately, on September

text: suggestion of a letter from the New York State Convention to ratify the Constitution. The Convention would have been limited to those changes discussed at the various State ratifying Conventions. At least four other amendments (the Seventeenth, Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, and Twenty-Fifth Amendments) have been identified as being proposed by Congress at least partly in response to the threat of an Article V convention, bringing the total to 15 out of 27, a majority of the Amendments. In the late 1890s, the House of Representatives passed multiple resolutions for a constitutional amendment providing for direct election of senators. The Senate refused

title: Oliver P. Morton

text: to be passed. U.S. Senator George Frisbie Hoar once judged Morton as a man with "little regard for Constitutional scruples." Not that Morton would have willfully flouted his oath to uphold the U.S. Constitution, but Hoar added, "he believed that the Constitution should be interpreted in the light of the Declaration of Independence, so as to be the law of life to a great, powerful, and free people. To this principle of interpretation, all strict or narrow criticism, founded on its literal meaning, must yield." If so, Hoar's assessment put Morton in the same category as U.S. Senator Charles Sumner,

title: Constitution of Malaysia

text: independence as of 2005. However, as several amendments were made each time, he estimates the true number of individual amendments is around 650. He has stated that "there is no doubt" that "the spirit of the original document has been diluted". This sentiment has been echoed by other legal scholars, who argue that important parts of the original Constitution, such as "jus soli" (right of birth) citizenship, a limitation on the variation of the number of electors in constituencies, and Parliamentary control of emergency powers have been so modified or altered by amendments that "the present Federal Constitution bears only

title: Presidency of William Howard Taft

text: the first 125 years of the federal government's existence Americans did not directly vote for U.S. Senators. The Constitution, as it was adopted in 1788, stated that senators would be elected by state legislatures. During the 1890s, the House of Representatives passed several resolutions proposing a constitutional amendment for the direct election of senators. Each time, however, the Senate refused to even take a vote. Additionally, a number of states began calling for a constitutional convention on the subject. Article V of the Constitution states that Congress must call a constitutional convention for proposing amendments when two-thirds of the state

title: United States Bill of Rights

text: have been a federal Constitution without Madison but certainly no Bill of Rights." The twelve articles of amendment approved by congress were officially submitted to the Legislatures of the several States for consideration on September 28, 1789. The following states ratified some or all of the amendments: Having been approved by the requisite three-fourths of the several states, there being 14 States in the Union at the time (as Vermont had been admitted into the Union on March 4, 1791), the ratification of Articles Three through Twelve was completed and they became Amendments 1 through 10 of the Constitution. President

title: Deakin v Webb

text: v Webb". Their Lordships held that the relevant question was not the intention of the Australians who framed the Constitution, but rather what the British Parliament had in mind when it passed the "Constitution Act". The opinion of the Privy Council states that "The American Union, on the other hand, has erected a tribunal which possesses jurisdiction to annul a Statute upon the ground that it is unconstitutional" The basis for this statement is unclear as the United States Constitution contains no express provision to endow the Supreme Court of the United States with special powers and the relevant provisions

title: U.S. state

text: nature of the states' powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government and the rights of individuals. The Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50. Alaska and Hawaii are the most recent states admitted, both in 1959. The Constitution is silent on the question of whether states have the power to secede (withdraw) from the Union. Shortly after the Civil War, the U.S. Supreme Court, in "Texas v. White", held that a

title: United States Constitution

text: number of states to become part of the Constitution. Four of these are technically still pending, as Congress did not set a time limit (see also "Coleman v. Miller") for their ratification. The other two are no longer pending, as both had a time limit attached and in both cases the time period set for their ratification expired. The way the Constitution is understood is influenced by court decisions, especially those of the Supreme Court. These decisions are referred to as precedents. Judicial review is the power of the Court to examine federal legislation, federal executive, and all state branches

title: Constitution of Singapore

text: as mentioned by Chief Justice John Marshall in "Marbury v. Madison". Chief Justice Sarv Mittra Sikri, delivering the leading judgment of the Supreme Court, averred that "[e]very provision of the Constitution can be amended provided in the result the basic foundation and structure of the Constitution remains the same". He proceeded to lay down the basic structure of the Constitution, stating that it includes the supremacy of the Constitution; the republican and democratic form of government; the secular character of the Constitution; the separation of powers between the legislature, the executive and the judiciary; and the federal character of the

long_answer: Thirty-three amendments to the United States Constitution have been proposed by the United States Congress and sent to the states for ratification since the Constitution was put into operation on March 4, 1789. Twenty-seven of these, having been ratified by the requisite number of states, are part of the Constitution. The first ten amendments were adopted and ratified simultaneously and are known collectively as the Bill of Rights. Six amendments adopted by Congress and sent to the states have not been ratified by the required number of states. Four of these amendments are still technically open and pending, one is closed and has failed by its own terms, and one is closed and has failed by the terms of the resolution proposing it.

short_answers: Thirty-three Twenty-seven


question: original cast of natasha pierre and the great comet of 1812

answers: Amber Gray

answers: Blake DeLong

answers: Paul Pinto

answers: Shaina Taub

answers: Dave Malloy

answers: Nick Choksi

answers: Brittain Ashford

answers: Phillipa Soo

answers: Lucas Steele

answers: Amelia Workman

text: and really don't care." "Time Out New York" gave the piece five out of five stars, and also included it on both critics' Best of lists, stating "this is theater like no other in New York. It grounds you and transports you at once, and leaves you beaming with pleasure.” Okieriete Onaodowan and Ingrid Michaelson assumed the roles of Pierre and Sonya respectively on July 11 through August 13; Onaodowan was originally supposed to begin performances on July 3. On July 26th, 2017, the website Broadway Black broke the news that TV and Broadway actor Mandy Patinkin was set to

text: banquette and dining tables added. Scott Stangland took over the role of Pierre, Denée Benton starred as Natasha, Lilli Cooper as Hélène, Nicholas Belton as Andrey/Prince Bolkonsky and the rest of the cast reprised their roles. The Broadway production at the Imperial Theatre began previews on October 18, 2016 and opened on November 14, 2016, starring Josh Groban as Pierre and Denée Benton as Natasha, both making their Broadway debuts, with choreography by Sam Pinkleton, sets by Mimi Lien, costumes by Paloma Young, lights by Bradley King, sound by Nicholas Pope and music direction by Or Matias. With sets similar

text: released a two-disc original cast album of the entire score. Later, another disc containing highlights from the show was released. The original Broadway cast recording was released on May 19, 2017. On November 22, 2016 the book "Natasha, Pierre, and the Great Comet of 1812: The Journey of a New Musical to Broadway" was released. The book, edited and compiled by Steven Suskin, includes interviews with many of the original cast members, as well as the annotated script and photos of both the Kazino and Broadway casts. The book also includes a CD with five songs from the show: three

title: Denée Benton

text: in the titular role of Natasha in "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812" with the American Repertory Theatre; she made her Broadway debut when that show opened at the Imperial Theatre on November 14, 2016. She appeared on "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert" on December 12, 2016 to discuss the role. On television she is best known for her featured role on the second season of the Lifetime series, "UnREAL". On October 17, 2018, it was announced that Benton would assume the role of Eliza Hamilton in the Broadway production of "Hamilton", beginning performances on October 30.

text: associate music director) as Balaga. The show was the first production of Ars Nova to ever transfer to Broadway. In May 16, 2013, the show opened in the Meatpacking District at Kazino, a temporary structure designed as an opulent Russian club, where the immersive production was staged, again by the same creative team. The cast reprised their roles, except Choksi, now replaced by Ian Lassiter, and Workman, replaced by Grace McLean. David Abeles took over the role of Pierre on July 9, 2013. The show closed on September 1, 2013. The show opened for a 14-week limited engagement in September

title: Lauren Zakrin

text: in the Las Vegas production of the 2012 Beach Boys musical "Surf" at Planet Hollywood, directed by Kristin Hanggi. After appearing Off-Broadway in "Natasha, Pierre, and the Great Comet of 1812", understudying the roles of Natasha and Sonya, she made her Broadway debut in 2014 in "Rock of Ages" as a replacement in the leading role of Sherrie Christian. In the fall of 2016, she joined the original Broadway cast of "Natasha, Pierre and the Great Comet of 1812", understudying Natasha. She then went on to originate the role of Kathryn Merteuil in “Cruel Intentions: The 90s musical experience” Off-Broadway.

text: Korea are currently under discussion, with additional interest in China and the Philippines. The Brazilian production opened in August 2018, with Bruna Guerin as Natasha and André Frateschi as Pierre, and closed on November of the same year. Although the Brazilian production was on for only 4 months it won the Prêmio Reverência popular vote Award for "Best Musical", winning over "The Phantom Of The Opera", "Peter Pan", and other big productions. In lieu of a national tour, producers are looking to stage various small sit-down productions in cities across the United States starting in 2019. The piece was very

text: show's orchestra. Groban plays the accordion briefly, and plays large sections of the score on the orchestra's piano. The libretto contains many passages taken word-for-word from Aylmer and Louise Maude's 1922 translation of Tolstoy's novel. Act I Act II "Note:" An aria for Natasha, "Natasha Lost", was cut from the Broadway production but is included on the original cast recording between number 8 ("Natasha & Anatole") and number 9 ("The Duel"). In addition, "Dust and Ashes" was added for the Broadway production. The musical premiered on October 16, 2012, at Ars Nova. Directed by Rachel Chavkin the show was staged

text: Pierre visits Natasha ("Pierre & Natasha") and he comforts the distraught girl, giving her hope. After their meeting, Pierre experiences a moment of enlightenment himself while seeing The Great Comet of 1812 in the night sky (“The Great Comet of 1812”). Malloy's original score (orchestrated by the composer) merges Russian folk and classical music with indie rock and EDM influences. The piece is described by the composer as an "electropop opera" and is through-composed, with just one line of spoken dialogue, in Pierre and Natasha's only scene together. On stage, nearly all of the actors play musical instruments augmenting the

title: Denée Benton

text: Denée Benton Denée Benton (born December 31, 1992) is an American actor and singer. Benton is best known for her Tony-nominated performance as Natasha Rostova in the 2016 musical "Natasha, Pierre, & The Great Comet of 1812" on Broadway. Benton assumed the role of Eliza Hamilton in the Broadway production of "Hamilton", beginning performances on October 30, 2018. Benton attended Trinity Preparatory School in Winter Park, Florida, before graduating from Carnegie Mellon University in 2014. Her first break was being cast as Nabulungi in the West End and U.S. national tour of "The Book of Mormon". Later she was cast

text: replace Okieriete Onaodowan as Pierre for three weeks. A number of fans and actors were angered by this casting decision, as Patinkin was a white actor whose casting would have forced Onaodowan, a black actor to cut his run shorter; a Twitter campaign was begun by actor/activist Rafael Casal, a friend of Onaodowan who coined the hashtag #makeroomforoak. The controversy led to Patinkin withdrawing from the show two days later. The show closed a little over a month later, with this controversy being cited as a main reason. Sources: TheaterMania Internet Off-Broadway Database"Village Voice" On December 10, 2013 Ghostlight Records

text: well received by the New York press. Charles Isherwood in "The New York Times" called it "a vibrant, transporting new musical," and both "Times" theater critics included the show on their Best of the Year lists. The Times' classical critic, Anthony Tommasini, called it "a breathless, roughish and ravishing quasi-opera. This is a pastiche score of a cavalier sort. Mr. Malloy lifts styles with such abandon, making willful shifts – from punk riffs to agitated Broadway ballads, mock-pompous recitative to gritty Russian folk songs or drinking choruses with klezmer clarinets – that you lose track of what is being appropriated

title: Ars Nova (theater)

text: Kail (Director of In The Heights and Hamilton), Alex Timbers (two-time tony nominated writer and director, recently directed "Rocky", and "Peter and the Starcatcher"), Billy Eichner (creator of Funny or Die's "Billy on the Street"), Bridget Everett (comedian and cabaret performer), and Isaac Oliver (performer in "Showgasm"), among others. "Natasha, Pierre & the Great Comet of 1812", produced by Ars Nova in 2012, officially transferred to Broadway in 2016 with Josh Groban playing the role of Pierre. Ars Nova was founded by Jon and Jenny Steingart in 2002 in memory of Gabe Wiener to provide a welcome home for young

title: Okieriete Onaodowan

text: cast album of "Hamilton". Beginning July 11, 2017, he took on the role of Pierre in the musical "Natasha, Pierre, and the Great Comet of 1812", replacing the outgoing Josh Groban. Onaodowan was originally supposed to take over the role on July 3. He is now playing the role of firefighter Dean Miller in the "Grey's Anatomy" spin-off "Station 19". Onaodowan was included in the Forbes 30 Under 30 Hollywood & Entertainment list in 2016 for his acting in "Hamilton". Okieriete Onaodowan Okieriete "Oak" Onaodowan (, born August 16, 1987) is an American actor, known for originating the roles of

title: Natasha Rostova

text: Pierre and the Great Comet of 1812," which received numerous Tony nominations in 2017. In 2016 BBC One's six-part drama based on the novel cast the 25-year-old English actress Lily James as Natasha Rostova, best known for her roles in "Downton Abbey" and Disney's live action "Cinderella". The "Encyclopedia of Literature" remarks that Natasha "is undoubtedly Tolstoy's ideal woman," while the "Academic American Encyclopedia" describes her as "the embodiment of impulsiveness and spontaneity...". On the other hand, the transformation of her character towards the end of the novel from a joyous, spirited 'waif-like' beauty into a plump, rather slatternly woman,

title: Dave Malloy

text: Citation Obie Award, and had runs at New York Theatre Workshop and American Repertory Theatre. His next work was "Beardo," a Russian indie rock musical based on the life of Rasputin, which Malloy wrote with "Beowulf" collaborator Jason Craig. It played in 2011 in San Francisco and had its New York premiere in February 2017 in a production by Pipeline Theater Company. For "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812", Malloy was the composer, lyricist, orchestrator, music director and performer in the role of Pierre Bezukhov. "Comet" was commissioned by Ars Nova and premiered there in October 2012, directed

title: Rachel Chavkin

text: Rachel Chavkin Rachel Chavkin is an American stage director, best known for directing the musical "Natasha, Pierre, & The Great Comet of 1812," for which she was nominated for a Tony Award. Chavkin has a BFA from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts and an MFA from Columbia University School of the Arts (2008). She has directed and created many works for The TEAM, including award-winning and internationally touring plays, such as "Roosevelvis", "Mission Drift" and "Architecting". She directed "Three Pianos" which ran Off-Off-Broadway at the Ontological-Hysteric Theater in March 2010 and then at the New York Theatre

title: Lucas Steele

text: Great Comet of 1812", a sung-through musical based on a portion of Leo Tolstoy's magnum opus, "War and Peace". He further developed the role in the show's premiere, and stayed with the production through its venues at Kazino, both downtown in the Meatpacking District and its transfer to midtown on 45th street. In 2015, Steele reprised the role of Anatole for the American Repertory Theatre production of "The Great Comet", securing an IRNE Awards nomination for Supporting Actor and an Elliot Norton Awards nomination for Outstanding Musical Performance by an Actor. He continued with "The Great Comet" during its Broadway

text: Sonya ("The Opera"). There she meets Prince Anatole Kuragin, a young and handsome man, who turns out to be a notorious rogue. He comes to visit Natasha's box and leaves her with feelings she has never experienced before ("Natasha & Anatole"). Anatole comes home after the opera and he, his friend Dolokhov, and Pierre go out drinking; they are met by Pierre's unpleasant wife, Hélène (Anatole's sister), who taunts Pierre and flirts with Dolokhov. Anatole plots with Dolokhov and Hélène to have the young woman he just met, although he is already married. Dolokhov taunts Pierre, toasting to the wives

title: Gelsey Bell

text: York exhibition. as Gelsey Bell With Joseph White With John King With thingNY Gelsey Bell Gelsey Bell is an American singer, songwriter, and actress, best known for her experimental music and her portrayal of Princess Mary Bolkonskaya in the 2016 Broadway musical "Natasha, Pierre, & the Great Comet of 1812." Bell was raised in northern California. Her father is a philosopher and her mother is a musician. Bell's sister, Biba Bell, is a choreographer and dancer, and the sisters created a collaborative performance for the first time in 2016. Bell attended Lehigh University and received a BA with a double-major

text: to the A.R.T. remounting, the production took the proscenium stage, but removed almost 200 seats from the audience to accommodate the design. Again, the options of stage seats, in banquettes or dining tables is available. The Broadway production cost about $14 million to stage. The Broadway production played its final performance on September 3, 2017, having played 32 previews and 336 performances. A Japanese production, helmed by the entertainment company Toho, will open at the Tokyo Metropolitan Theatre in January 2019 with Nogizaka46's Erika Ikuta as Natasha and Yoshio Inoue as Pierre. Variety also reports that productions in London and

title: Amber Gray

text: Comet of 1812", an electro-pop opera based on "War and Peace". Gray portrayed Countess Hélène Bezukhova in the musical's performances at the Off-Broadway Ars Nova Theater. Gray continued with "Great Comet" when it moved to Kazino in 2013, and when it opened on Broadway in late 2016. Gray was awarded a 2017 Theatre World Award for her performance as Hélène. In 2014, Gray reprised her leading role as Zoe in "An Octoroon" at Soho Repertory Theatre (she had previously performed as Zoe in 2010). "An Octoroon" utilized the plot of "The Octoroon", an 1859 melodrama, but turned it into a

title: Mandy Patinkin

text: of us." Patinkin was announced as playing the role of Pierre in the hit Broadway musical "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812" starting August 15, 2017. He would have a limited run through September 3, replacing former "Hamilton" star Okieriete Onaodowan. The role was originated by Josh Groban. Patinkin later dropped out of the role. In 2018, Patinkin returned to recorded music with the album "Diary: January 27, 2018" which was produced by pianist Thomas Bartlett. On June 15, 1980, Patinkin married actress and writer Kathryn Grody. They have two sons named Isaac and Gideon. Gideon joined his

title: Gelsey Bell

text: Gelsey Bell Gelsey Bell is an American singer, songwriter, and actress, best known for her experimental music and her portrayal of Princess Mary Bolkonskaya in the 2016 Broadway musical "Natasha, Pierre, & the Great Comet of 1812." Bell was raised in northern California. Her father is a philosopher and her mother is a musician. Bell's sister, Biba Bell, is a choreographer and dancer, and the sisters created a collaborative performance for the first time in 2016. Bell attended Lehigh University and received a BA with a double-major in music and theatre and a minor in philosophy in 2004. She went

text: up the character Pierre, an old, bitter, wealthy aristocrat, who is having an existential crisis, living a slothful life of wine, philosophy, and inaction ("Pierre"). He is best friends with Prince Andrey Bolkonsky (also sometimes spelt as Andrei), who has left to go to war. Andrey has recently become engaged to the young, beautiful countess Natasha Rostova. Natasha and her cousin Sonya arrive in Moscow to stay the winter with Natasha's godmother, Marya D., while Natasha waits for Andrey to return from the war. Marya D. is an old friend of Pierre's ("Moscow"). Marya D. advises Natasha that she must

text: success. Balaga, their trusted troika driver ("Balaga"), soon arrives to take them to Natasha's house and a wild party ensues as Anatole bids farewell to his friends. However, they are thwarted at the last moment by Marya D. ("The Abduction"). Marya D. scolds Natasha but then tries to comfort her with Sonya's help. Natasha screams at them, breaks down and waits for Anatole to come back for her all night ("In My House"). Marya D. calls on Pierre in the middle of the night ("A Call to Pierre"), begging him to handle the crisis, and Pierre finally learns that the

title: War and Peace

text: a suicide attempt and is left seriously ill. Pierre is initially horrified by Natasha's behavior, but realizes he has fallen in love with her. As the Great Comet of 1811–12 streaks the sky, life appears to begin anew for Pierre. Prince Andrei coldly accepts Natasha's breaking of the engagement. He tells Pierre that his pride will not allow him to renew his proposal. With the help of her family, and the stirrings of religious faith, Natasha manages to persevere in Moscow through this dark period. Meanwhile, the whole of Russia is affected by the coming confrontation between Napoleon's army and

text: object of Anatole's conquest is Natasha. Marya D. finds out that Anatole is married and tells a grief-stricken Natasha. Pierre, outraged, searches for Anatole ("Find Anatole"). When Pierre finds Anatole, he comes close to attacking him in rage, but instead gives him money and orders him to leave Moscow (”Pierre & Anatole”). Natasha poisons herself with arsenic ("Natasha Very Ill") but lives. The next day Andrey returns. Pierre explains the scandal to him and asks him to be compassionate, but Andrey is unable to forgive Natasha and will not ask for her hand in marriage again ("Pierre & Andrey"). Finally,

title: Legally Blonde: The Musical – The Search for Elle Woods

text: in the ensemble and as an understudy for Glinda. Zakrin also closed the Broadway company of Rock of Ages as Sherrie Christian. Zakrin was in the ensemble and an understudy for Natasha in Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812 on Broadway, and was with the show in its two previous iterations Off-Broadway. She originated the role of Kathryn Merteuil in . She most recently was in the ensemble of Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert. Natalie Lander has since moved on to video game voice acting and film roles. Cassie Silva originated the role of Mrs. Wormwood on

long_answer: The musical premiered on October 16, 2012, at Ars Nova; directed by Rachel Chavkin the show was staged as an immersive production, with action happening around and among the audience. The set designed by Mimi Lien and lights by Bradley King transformed Ars Nova into a Russian supper club. The creative team was completed by Paloma Young as costume designer, Matt Hubbs as sound designer, and Dave Malloy as musical director. The cast included Malloy as Pierre, Phillipa Soo as Natasha, Lucas Steele as Anatole, Amber Gray as Hélène, Brittain Ashford as Sonya, Nick Choksi as Dolokhov, Shaina Taub as Mary, Blake DeLong as Andrey/Prince Bolkonsky, Amelia Workman as Marya D. and Paul Pinto (who also served as associate music director) as Balaga. The show was the first production of Ars Nova to ever transfer to Broadway.

short_answers:
Amber Gray
Amelia Workman
Blake DeLong
Brittain Ashford
Dave Malloy
Lucas Steele
Nick Choksi
Paul Pinto
Phillipa Soo
Shaina Taub