question: where is wind power used most in the united states

answers: Texas

answers: the central plains

answers: Iowa

title: Wind power in the United States

text: Wind power in the United States Wind power in the United States is a branch of the energy industry that has expanded quickly over the latest several years. For the twelve months through November 2017, 254.2 terawatt-hours were generated by wind power, or 6.33% of all generated electrical energy. As of January 2017, the total installed wind power nameplate generating capacity in the United States was 82,183 megawatts (MW). This capacity is exceeded only by China and the European Union. Thus far, wind power's largest growth in capacity was in 2012, when 11,895 MW of wind power was installed, representing

title: Wind power in the United States

text: comply with all regulatory obligations contained in the Federally approved State coastal management plan, under the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, to keep in check their effect on coastal resources. Wind power in the United States Wind power in the United States is a branch of the energy industry that has expanded quickly over the latest several years. For the twelve months through November 2017, 254.2 terawatt-hours were generated by wind power, or 6.33% of all generated electrical energy. As of January 2017, the total installed wind power nameplate generating capacity in the United States was 82,183 megawatts (MW).

title: Wind power in Indiana

text: far behind onshore development in the United States generally, because onshore development is cheaper and the United States has an abundance of suitable onshore sites to develop. Indiana has no offshore wind farms as of . Indiana wind generation by month. Source: As this graph indicates, Indiana generally tends to have more steady wind from Fall to Spring months, evidenced by the fact that even in Southern Indiana. Wind chill is a common factor of outside conditions. October and November, for example often see large variances in temperature, causing more days of strong gusty winds, thereby generating more wind electricity

title: Wind power in the United States

text: several days. The transient waves that influence wind in the Central U.S. are large scale and this results in the power output from wind farms in the region being somewhat correlated and not entirely independent. Large scale distribution of wind farms significantly reduce short term variability, limiting the relative standard deviation of the capacity factor to about 45%. The correlation is highest in summer and lowest in winter. The US federal government has jurisdiction to prevent bird and bat deaths by wind turbines, under the Endangered Species Act, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection

title: Wind power in the United States

text: U.S. electric power, which included a contribution of 4% to the nation’s total electric power from offshore wind power. In order to achieve this, however, significant advances in cost, performance and reliability are needed, based on a 2011 report from a coalition of researchers from universities, industry, and government, supported by the Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future. Obtaining 20% from wind requires about 305 GW of wind turbines, an increase of 16 GW/year after 2018, or an average increase of 14.6%/year, and transmission line improvements. Analysts estimate around 25 GW of added US wind power in 2016-18, depending on

title: Wind power in the United States

text: has over 82 GW of installed wind power capacity. Wind power has increased dramatically over the past years. In 2010, however, newly installed generating capacity was about half of the previous year due to various factors, including the financial crisis, and recession. In 2013 there was a 92% reduction in newly installed generating capacity compared to 2012, due to the late extension of the PTC (see image on the right). The graph at left shows the growth in installed wind generation capacity in the United States based on data from the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. In 2008,

title: Wind power in the United States

text: greatly expanded the territory offshore wind parks can be built. Previously, projects were only allowed in shallow state waters within of shore. The edge of U.S. territory is about out. Increased distance from the coast diminishes their visibility. Waters off the coast of the United States are deeper than in Europe, requiring different designs. Atlantic Wind Connection is a proposed electrical transmission backbone to be built off the Atlantic Coast of the United States to serve offshore wind farms. The transmission line, proposed by Trans-Elect Development Company, would deliver power ashore in southern Virginia, Delaware, southern New Jersey and northern

title: Wind power in the United States

text: (TW·h) of electric power per year – 15 percent of all electric power used in the state of Rhode Island. In 2009, Deepwater signed an agreement with National Grid to sell the power from a $200-million, 30-MW wind farm off Block Island, at an initial price of 24.4 ¢/kW·h. Construction of the Block Island Wind Farm, a five turbine project began in April 2015. Cape Wind started development around 2002, but faced opposition and eventually ceased before being realized. The floating VolturnUS operated in a Maine river in 2013. To promote wind power in New Jersey, in 2007 the state

text: expanded the commercial viability of wind to all 50 states. Analysts expect 25 GW more between 2016-18. Source: Source: The United States uses approximately 4 million GWh/year. Growth of wind power in the United States Wind power has been growing in the United States since the 1970s. The growth of wind power in the United States has been enhanced by a production tax credit (PTC), which pays 2.3¢/kWh for the first 10 years. Development has been off and on again due to the expiration and late renewal of the PTC. It expired at the end of 2013, only to be

title: Wind power in the United States

text: in the United States with a capacity of 1,548 MW. GE Power is the largest domestic wind turbine manufacturer. The first municipal use of multiple wind-electric turbines in the USA may have been a five turbine system in Pettibone, North Dakota in 1940. These were commercial Wincharger units on guyed towers. In 1980 the world's first wind farm, consisting of twenty 30 kW wind turbines was installed at Crotched Mountain, in New Hampshire. From 1974 through the mid-1980s the United States government worked with industry to advance the technology and enable large commercial wind turbines. A series of NASA wind

title: Wind power in the United States

text: (PW·h) annually, an amount nine times larger than current total U.S. electricity consumption. The U.S. also has large wind resources in Alaska, and Hawaii. In addition to the large onshore wind resources, the U.S. has large offshore wind power potential, with another NREL report released in September 2010 showing that the U.S. has 4,150 GW of potential offshore wind power nameplate capacity, an amount 4 times that of the country's 2008 installed capacity from all sources, of 1,010 GW. The U.S. Department of Energy’s 2008 report "20% Wind Energy by 2030" envisioned that wind power could supply 20% of all

title: Wind power in the United States

text: like the Ten Mile Lagoon wind farm. Offshore development is hindered by relatively high cost compared to onshore facilities. Several projects are under development with some at advanced stages of development. The United States, though, has very large offshore wind energy resources due to strong, consistent winds off the long U.S. coastline. The 2011 NREL report, "Large-Scale Offshore Wind Power in the United States", analyzes the current state of the offshore wind energy industry. According to the report, offshore wind resource development would help the country to achieve 20% of its electric power from wind by 2030 and to revitalize

title: Wind power in the United States

text: installed capacity in the U.S. increased by 50% over the prior year. The world average growth rate that year was 28.8%. By 2014, the wind industry in the USA was able to produce more power at lower cost by using taller wind turbines with longer blades, capturing the faster winds at higher elevations. This opened up new opportunities and in Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio, the price of power from wind turbines built 300 feet to 400 feet above the ground competed with conventional fossil fuels like coal. Prices had fallen to about 4 cents per kilowatt-hour in some cases and

title: Wind power in the United States

text: most recent estimates are that Kansas has a potential for 950 GW of wind power capacity. Kansas could generate 3,900 TW·h of electric power each year, which represents more than all the electric power generated from coal, natural gas and nuclear combined in the United States in 2011. Since 2005 many turbine manufacturing leaders have opened U.S. facilities; of the top 10 global manufacturers in 2007, seven – Vestas, GE Energy, Gamesa, Suzlon, Siemens, Acciona, and Nordex – have an American manufacturing presence. REpower is another manufacturer with notable usage in the United States. Plans for 30 new manufacturing facilities

title: Renewable energy in the United States

text: in the world. The amount of hydroelectric power generated is strongly affected by changes in precipitation and surface runoff. Hydroelectricity projects such as Hoover Dam, Grand Coulee Dam, and the Tennessee Valley Authority have become iconic large construction projects. Wind power capacity in the United States tripled from 2008 to 2016, and supplied over 5% of the country's total electricity generation in 2016. Wind and solar accounted for two-thirds of new energy installations in the United States in 2015. United States wind power installed capacity exceeds 81 GW as of 2017. This capacity is exceeded only by China. The 1,320MW

title: Renewable energy in the United States

text: Alta Wind Energy Center is the largest wind farm in the world. Shepherds Flat Wind Farm in Oregon is the second largest wind farm in the world, completed in 2012, with the nameplate capacity of 845 MW. There were 90,000 wind operations jobs in the United States in 2015. The wind industry in the United States generates tens of thousands of jobs and billions of dollars of economic activity. Wind projects boost local tax bases, and revitalize the economy of rural communities by providing a steady income stream to farmers with wind turbines on their land. GE Energy is the

text: in a year. A 200 MW wind farm at 35% capacity factor will generate approximately 613.2 GWh/year. In addition to the megawatt wind farms, community scale single wind turbines of from 250 kW to 750 kW are typically 50 meters high, and residential or farm wind turbines are typically high. To address these markets, maps are available showing wind potential at and . The United States generated 4,125,060 GWh of electricity in 2010. N/A = Not Available NA = Not Applicable (no shoreline) The United States has trailed other countries in the development of off-shore wind farms, and it is

title: Wind power in New York

text: 74 Megawatts of power and is owned by Iberdrola Renewables. In 2012, the 215 MW Marble River Wind Farm, located in Clinton County, commenced operations. The capacity factor of wind farms in New York is about 30 percent. However, the effective capacity — the fraction of rated power generated during summer afternoons, the period of peak demand — is estimated to be 10 percent for the whole state, except for Long Island where about 40% is forecast. The Interconnection Queue, an important resource for identifying and determining the status of proposed wind power projects in New York State, may be

text: Growth of wind power in the United States Wind power has been growing in the United States since the 1970s. The growth of wind power in the United States has been enhanced by a production tax credit (PTC), which pays 2.3¢/kWh for the first 10 years. Development has been off and on again due to the expiration and late renewal of the PTC. It expired at the end of 2013, only to be restored in December 2014. In 2015 it was renewed but is phased out over a five-year period. One of the goals set by the Department of Energy

title: Wind power in the United States

title: Cost of electricity by source

text: are ordered instead of waiting up to three years as was the case in previous cycles... 5,600 MW of new installed capacity is under construction in the United States, more than double the number at this point in 2010. 35% of all new power generation built in the United States since 2005 has come from wind, more than new gas and coal plants combined, as power providers are increasingly enticed to wind as a convenient hedge against unpredictable commodity price moves." This cost has additionally reduced as wind turbine technology has improved. There are now longer and lighter wind turbine

text: Wind generation potential in the United States The wind generation potential in the United States far exceeds demand. There are only two states with no commercially significant wind power potential, Mississippi and Florida. Florida has the potential to install 900 MW at 25% capacity factor -high turbines, and Mississippi the potential to install 30,000 MW at 25% capacity factor -high turbines. For commercial operation, a capacity factor of at least 35% is preferred. There are no locations in either state that would achieve 30% capacity factor. In contrast, North Dakota, the windiest state, has the capacity to install 200,000 MW

title: Alternative energy

text: unlikely. Windpower, if deployed on the large scale necessary to substitute fossil energy, is likely to face public resistance. If 100% of U.S. energy demand were to be supplied by wind power, about 80 million hectares (i.e., more than 40% of all available farmland in the United States) would have to be covered with wind turbines (50m hub height and 250 to 500 m apart). It is therefore not surprising that the major environmental impact of wind power is related to land use and less to wildlife (birds, bats, etc.) mortality. Unless only a relatively small fraction of electricity is

title: Energy development

text: towers are usually built together on wind farms. There are offshore and onshore wind farms. Global wind power capacity has expanded rapidly to 336 GW in June 2014, and wind energy production was around 4% of total worldwide electricity usage, and growing rapidly. Wind power is widely used in Europe, Asia, and the United States. Several countries have achieved relatively high levels of wind power penetration, such as 21% of stationary electricity production in Denmark, 18% in Portugal, 16% in Spain, 14% in Ireland, and 9% in Germany in 2010. By 2011, at times over 50% of electricity in Germany

title: Wind power in the United States

text: in power output from wind farms, which poses difficulties incorporating wind power into an integrated power system. Wind turbines are driven by boundary layer winds, those that occur near the surface of the earth, at around 300 feet. Boundary layer winds are controlled by wind in the higher free atmosphere and have turbulence due to interaction with surface features such as trees, hills, and buildings. Short term or high frequency variations are due to this turbulence in the boundary layer. Long term variations are due to the passage of transient waves in the atmosphere, with a characteristic time scale of

title: Renewable energy in the United States

text: is thermal losses). Note: Total use is inflated to create an oil equivalence. Renewable energy in the United States Renewable energy accounted for 12.2 % of total primary energy consumption and 14.94 % of the domestically produced electricity in the United States in 2016. Hydroelectric power is currently the largest producer of renewable electricity in the country, generating around 6.5% of the nation's total electricity in 2016 as well as 45.71% of the total renewable electricity generation. The United States is the fourth largest producer of hydroelectricity in the world after China, Canada and Brazil. The next largest share of

title: United States Wind Energy Policy

text: to a lapse of the PTC in 2004. In 2004, only 400 MW of capacity were installed in the United States. With the PTC reinstated in 2005, 2431 MW of capacity were installed which was a record at the time for the United States. The PTC allowed for the United States to lead the world in wind power additions in 2005 and 2006 with 16% of the worldwide capacity being installed in 2006 coming from the United States. The planning and permitting process for wind energy can take up to two years. With short-term extensions of the PTC, big investments

title: Wind power in Maryland

text: 850 and 1450 megawatts of commercial wind generation. In 2014, US Wind, a subsidiary of Italy-based Renexia SpA, won the auction for a 25-year leases for both areas issued by the BOEM with a bid of $8.7 million for areas. Development of their project is hindered by the uncertainty of government direction since the state legislature and local governments are considering banning certain areas. As of the summer of 2016 US Wind has completed underwater surveys of the potential sites about a dozen miles off the coast of Maryland and is submitting plans for environmental review by year end. Wind

title: Renewable energy in the United States

text: largest domestic wind turbine manufacturer. In 2013 wind power received $5.936 billion in federal funding, which is 37% of all federal funding for electrity generation. The United States has the potential of installing 10 terawatt (TW) of onshore wind power and 4 TW of offshore wind. The U.S. Department of Energy’s report "20% Wind Energy by 2030" envisioned that wind power could supply 20% of all the country's electricity, which included a contribution of 4% from offshore wind power. Additional transmission lines will need to be added, to bring power from windy states to the rest of the country. In

title: World energy consumption

text: current turbines in areas of strong marine currents, and ocean thermal energy converters in deep tropical waters. Wind power is growing at the rate of 17% annually, with a worldwide installed capacity of 432,883 megawatts (MW) at the end of 2015, and is widely used in Europe, Asia, and the United States. Several countries have achieved relatively high levels of wind power penetration, such as 21% of stationary electricity production in Denmark, 18% in Portugal, 16% in Spain, 14% in Ireland and 9% in Germany in 2010. As of 2011, 83 countries around the world are using wind power on

title: Wind power in the United States

long_answer: In 2016, Nebraska became the eighteenth state to have installed over 1,000 MW of wind power capacity. Texas, with over 20,000 MW of capacity, had the most installed wind power capacity of any U.S. state at the end of 2016. Texas also had more under construction than any other state currently has installed. The state generating the highest percentage of energy from wind power is Iowa. North Dakota has the most per capita wind generation. The Alta Wind Energy Center in California is the largest wind farm in the United States with a capacity of 1548 MW. GE Energy is the largest domestic wind turbine manufacturer.

short_answers: Iowa Texas


question: who sang once upon a dream at the end of maleficent

answers: Lana Del Rey

title: Lana Del Rey

text: also titled "Tropico", was made available for purchase via iTunes; it includes the film itself along with the three aforementioned songs. On January 23, 2014, it was announced that Del Rey would be covering the song "Once Upon a Dream" (from the 1959 film "Sleeping Beauty") for the 2014 dark fantasy film "Maleficent". The single was released on January 26. On February 20, Del Rey posted a picture of herself and Dan Auerbach on Twitter with the caption "Me and Dan Auerbach are excited to present you Ultraviolence". The first single off "Ultraviolence", "West Coast", was released on April 14.

title: Aurora (Disney)

text: with whom she became good friends, while declaring the utmost respect for actress Eleanor Audley, voice of Maleficent. She also recorded with actor Bill Shirley, voice of Prince Phillip, admitting to having had a crush on him. Costa cites the scene in which Aurora and Phillip meet as her favorite. Schumann, the composer responsible for discovering Costa, eventually departed the project due to creative differences with Disney, and ultimately died before the film was completed. Costa's singing voice is a combination of classical and pop singing. Aurora's songs were recorded within the first year of production. Costa would practice her

title: Maleficent

text: Where Nightmares Come True". But Mickey leads the crowd in a chant of "Dreams Come True!" and scares away Maleficent's minions, Captain Hook and Smee, as well as defeating Maleficent herself. Maleficent also makes appearances during "Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party" at the Walt Disney World Resort. She makes an appearance through her voice in "HalloWishes", a Halloween-themed fireworks show along with Ursula, Jafar, and Oogie Boogie. Susan Blakeslee provides Maleficent's voice in those cases. Maleficent also appears during the Disney Villains Mix and Mingle stage show at that same event, appearing alongside fellow Disney Villains, including Captain Hook, Cruella de

text: third-reprise finale, as well as in a duet by Mary Costa and Bill Shirley, who voiced the roles of Aurora and Philip, respectively. American girl group No Secrets recorded the song "Once Upon (Another) Dream", whose chorus is based on "Once Upon a Dream", in 2003 for the two-disc DVD release of "Sleeping Beauty". "Once Upon a Dream" was covered by Emily Osment in October 2008 for the Platinum Edition release of the film. Osment's rendition was included in the 2008 compilation album "Princess Disneymania". In 2014, a remix of the song by TRiON was released as a part of

title: Maleficent

text: event at Disneyland, just as the Evil Queen and Cruella de Vil are complaining on Madam Mim's behavior. Next, Maleficent sings "That Old Black Magic" alone and later "We're Divas" along with the whole cast of the show. Maleficent is the final boss in the North American version of the video game "Mickey Mousecapade" created in 1987 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. A version of Maleficent plays a role in the storylines for the 2011 American fantasy drama TV series "Once Upon a Time", played by Kristin Bauer van Straten as a witch who is able to take the form

text: said the cover was "much darker" than the original and pointed out the "slight radio effect" over Del Rey's and called her performance of the song "haunting": "Spin" said of the song snippet from the trailer "Smoky vocals, a bewitching come-hither delivery, and delicate piano turn the 1959 fairytale song into a haunting lullaby." "Complex" remarked that Del Rey's cover had a "somber and sinister" feel in comparison to the original. Once Upon a Dream (Sleeping Beauty song) "Once Upon a Dream" is a song written for the 1959 animated musical fantasy film "Sleeping Beauty" produced by Walt Disney. Its

title: Jodi Benson

text: Dreamcoat" in 1998. Benson also played the Queen in a one-night concert version of Rodgers & Hammersteins "Cinderella" at the Nashville Symphony Orchestra in May 2010. She was at the 2012 SYTA conference singing her signature song “Part of Your World” on August 27, 2012. Benson has been the guest artist for the Candlelight Processional for five years at Walt Disney World including December 10–13, 2012. She joined the "2013 Spring Pops" on May 14–15, 2013 as a guest soloist with the Boston Pops. Benson can be heard on over a dozen recordings and has a six-part DVD series entitled

title: Maleficent

text: power. She meets her end in the sixth book when the Keepers' leader, Finn, rips a hole in her with his DHI powers. However, at the end of the seventh book, Tia Dalma enacts a ritual to resurrect Maleficent. In the "Dream Along With Mickey" stage show at Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom, Maleficent is one of the villains who appear onstage to threaten Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck and Goofy. Maleficent states that since people no longer believe in dreams, it is the perfect time for her to return to power and make the Magic Kingdom "The Place

title: Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)

text: glass windows and figures. Princess Aurora (and, to a lesser extent, Prince Phillip, Fauna, Flora and Merryweather, Maleficent and her goons) makes regular appearances in the parks and parades. Maleficent is featured as one of the villains in the nighttime show "Fantasmic!" at Disneyland and Disney's Hollywood Studios. A scaled-down one act stage musical version of the film with the title "Disney's Sleeping Beauty KIDS" is often performed by schools and children's theaters. With book and additional lyrics by Marcy Heisler and Bryan Louiselle, the show is composed of twelve musical numbers, including the movie songs. In Walt Disney Pictures'

text: Once Upon a Dream (Sleeping Beauty song) "Once Upon a Dream" is a song written for the 1959 animated musical fantasy film "Sleeping Beauty" produced by Walt Disney. Its lyrics were written by Jack Lawrence, and its music by Sammy Fain. The song's melody is based on the "Grande valse villageoise" (nicknamed "The Garland Waltz"), from the 1890 ballet "The Sleeping Beauty" by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. "Once Upon a Dream" serves as the film's main theme, and as the love theme of Princess Aurora and Prince Philip. It is performed in the film by a chorus as an overture and

title: Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)

text: English accent. The next day, she was informed by Walt Disney that she landed the role. Eleanor Audley initially turned down the choice role of Maleficent as she was battling tuberculosis at the time, but reconsidered. In April 1952, "Billboard" reported that Jack Lawrence and Sammy Fain had signed to compose the score. Walter Schumann was originally slated to be the film composer, but left the project because of creative differences with Walt Disney. George Bruns was recommended to replace Schumannn by animator Ward Kimball. Because of a musicians' strike in 1957, the musical score was recorded in Berlin, Germany.

title: The Savior (Once Upon a Time)

text: of this episode was revealed by Adam Horowitz via his Twitter account on June 25, 2016. The episode title is a reference to the former Savior, Aladdin. In Belle's dream, she and Rumplestiltskin dance to an instrumental version of the title song from "Beauty and the Beast". Belle's yellow dress is similar to the one her Disney counterpart wears in the dance scene from the movie. The Oracle's red bird is an allusion to Iago from the "Aladdin" trilogy. Justin Kirkland of "Entertainment Weekly" gave the episode a positive review, citing the Gold/Belle storyline was the part of the episode

title: Bill Shirley

text: him. Verna Felton who played Flora would always creep up behind him with a pencil and act like it was a baton [wand]. She'd do some fairy work on him and say he was going to be the greatest, handsomest, and all of this." Shirley and Costa sang the iconic song of the film,"Once Upon a Dream". Besides the original, there is a version of the song that was unused and unpublished for the film. It contains rare vocals from both performers that differ slightly from those used in the finished product; this can easily be found on the Internet

title: If You Can Dream

text: song is that all but three of the princesses's original voice actresses reprise their singing roles. Unsurprisingly, due to the age of the films, Adriana Caselotti, Ilene Woods and Mary Costa do not reprise their roles as Snow White, Cinderella and Princess Aurora. Notably, Lea Salonga, who provided the singing voice of both Princess Jasmine in "Aladdin" and Mulan in "Mulan" reprises both roles in this song. Each princess sings lyrics that reference their own story. For example, one of Snow White's lines is "Someday my prince will come, it's certain as the sunrise," one of Cinderella's lines is "One

title: I Dreamed a Dream

text: "Daydream". Kika Edgar recorded a Spanish cover titled "Un sueño que alguna vez soñé/A dream I once dreamed" for her album "Broadway". In 2011, Celtic Woman performed "I Dreamed a Dream" as part of their 2011 "Believe" tour, recorded by PBS at the Fox Theatre in Atlanta. The song was one of two songs sung as "A Tribute to Broadway", the other song being "Circle of Life" from the Disney movie "The Lion King". The song, which was only released on DVD and as part of the television special, was sung by Lisa Kelly and Chloë Agnew. As part of

title: Maleficent

text: Briar Rose". She was voiced by Eleanor Audley, who earlier voiced Lady Tremaine, Cinderella's evil stepmother, in "Cinderella" (1950). Maleficent was animated by Marc Davis. A postmodernist revision of the character appeared as the protagonist in the 2014 live-action film "Maleficent", portrayed by Angelina Jolie. She also serves as a minor antagonist in "Disney's House of Mouse", voiced by Lois Nettleton, and as a recurring antagonist in the "Kingdom Hearts" video game series, voiced by Susanne Blakeslee. She is also one of several antagonists in the TV series "Once Upon a Time", portrayed by Kristin Bauer van Straten, and the

title: Maleficent

text: Rumplestiltskin once assembled her, Cruella de Vil, and Ursula as the "Queens of Darkness" to obtain the Dark Curse from within Bald Mountain. All three of them had combined their talents to obtain it while having to avoid the Chernabog. Maleficent has a daughter named Lily whose egg was separated from her due to Isaac (who was the Author at the time; he was responsible for recording the stories but chose to alter them instead) setting Snow White and Prince Charming down a path where they would be forced to choose between accepting that their daughter, the as-yet-unborn Emma, had

title: Maleficent

text: Vil, The Queen of Hearts, Jafar, and the Evil Queen. Maleficent appears in the new version of the show "Disneyland Adventure" (replacing "The Incredibles" villain Syndrome). When she terrorizes the resort, she puts the entire kingdom to sleep and puts Minnie Mouse and Donald Duck into Sleeping Beauty Syndrome. She later took over It's a Small World and Pirates of the Caribbean, but The Incredible Family managed to defeat her, though she vowed for revenge. Maleficent is part of the "Diva Villains" line-up, a sub-franchise of the main "Disney Villains" franchise. Maleficent is the last "diva" to appear in the

title: Christopher Lee

text: height of Italo disco, he provided vocals to Kathy Joe Daylor's song "Little Witch". Lee's first contact with heavy metal music came by singing a duet with Fabio Lione, lead vocalist of the Italian symphonic power metal band Rhapsody of Fire on the single "The Magic of the Wizard's Dream" from their album "Symphony of Enchanted Lands II – The Dark Secret" (he only performs backing vocals on the album version). Later he appeared as a narrator and backing vocalist on the band's four albums "Symphony of Enchanted Lands II – The Dark Secret", "Triumph or Agony", "The Frozen Tears

text: The song was covered by the American girl group No Secrets in 2003 for the two-disc DVD release, and by Emily Osment in October 2008 for the Platinum Edition release of the film, and also included on the compilation album Princess Disneymania. Lana Del Rey covered it in a "somber and sinister" mood for the 2014 film Maleficent.

title: Holly Hull

text: and performed in two Christmas pantomimes at the Yvonne Arnaud Theatre in Guildford. She was then accepted into the National Youth Music Theatre where she performed at Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom's 80th Birthday celebrations at Windsor Castle in May 2006. With NYMT she also performed "The Dreaming" in Tonbridge, Kent. Holly auditioned for the Disney Channel UK talent search "My Camp Rock" in early 2009 by making a video of herself singing "This Is Me". She was chosen as one of the 8 finalists, to take part in an intensive 4-day "Camp Rock" style workshop. She sang "Listen",

title: Angel Faith

text: who then left the group to pursue a solo career. In early 2004, the remaining four members of No Secrets recorded "Once Upon A Dream" for the DVD release of Disney’s Sleeping Beauty and Disneymania 2. They parted ways shortly thereafter in the band's final year, 2005. After Faith left No Secrets in early 2003, she was quickly got signed to Midas Records for where she began singing and writing an entire new selection of songs of her own. she released a new single "That's Just The Way I Am" in early 2004 before the release of her first studio

title: Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)

text: had previously experienced great success with her rendition of "Somewhere Out There". Ronstadt, who was producer Steven Spielberg's first choice, only agreed to record "Dreams to Dream" after hearing Dion's demo. Devastated by her termination, Dion eventually agreed to record "Beauty and the Beast" after listening to and being moved by Lansbury's performance. Meanwhile, Bryson became involved with the project via Walt Disney Records Senior Vice President Jay Landers, who was friends with Walt Disney Pictures President of Music Chris Montan at the time. The song's instruments were recorded first at The Plant Recording Studios in California. The singers later

title: The Music of Disney: A Legacy in Song

text: A Dream Is A Wish Your Heart Makes: "Cinderella" (1950) - Ilene Woods 19. Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo: "Cinderella" (1950) - Verna Felton/Ilene Woods/James McDonald 20. I'm Late: "Alice In Wonderland" (1951) - Bill Thompson/Kathryn Beaumont 21. The Unbirthday Song: "Alice in Wonderland" (1951) - Jerry Colonna/Ed Wynn/Kathryn Beaumont 22. The Second Star To The Right: "Peter Pan" (1953) - The Jud Conlon Chor 23. You Can Fly! You Can Fly! You Can Fly!: "Peter Pan" (1953) - Bobby Driscoll/Kathryn Beaumont/Paul Collins/Tommy Luske 24. Bella Notte: "Lady And The Tramp" (1955) - Bill Hamlin/Oliver Wallace 25. Once Upon A Dream: "Sleeping Beauty" (1959)

title: Aurora (Disney)

text: credited Costa's vocals with "manag[ing] to make an enchanting impression in just a few onscreen minutes without being pushy or saccharine." Meanwhile, Artistdirect's Rick Florino wrote that the singer "brought a pure and honest vibrancy to the film." Additionally, "Sleeping Beauty" served as Costa's first singing job, prior to which she had had little professional singing experience. The role has since had a profound impact on Costa's career, allowing her to successfully transition from animated to operatic roles. Costa credits Walt Disney and "Sleeping Beauty" with instilling a work ethic in her, which she maintained throughout her entire career. Costa

title: Lana Del Rey discography

text: the EP. In 2013 and January 2014, Del Rey contributed the songs "Young and Beautiful" and "Once Upon a Dream" to of F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby" and the soundtrack for "Maleficent", respectively. Her third studio album, "Ultraviolence", was released in the summer of 2014 and debuted at number one in 12 countries. The album produced five singles: "West Coast", "Shades of Cool", "Ultraviolence", "Brooklyn Baby", and "Black Beauty". As of July 2014, "Ultraviolence" has sold more than one million copies worldwide. In December 2014, two songs "Big Eyes" and "I Can Fly" were released, which Del Rey recorded

title: Maleficent

text: Maleficent Maleficent ( or ) is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 16th animated feature film, "Sleeping Beauty" (1959). She is an evil fairy and the self-proclaimed "Mistress of All Evil" who, after not being invited to a christening, curses the infant Princess Aurora to "prick her finger on the spindle of a spinning wheel and die" before the sun sets on Aurora's sixteenth birthday. Maleficent is based on the evil fairy godmother character in Charles Perrault's fairy tale "Sleeping Beauty", as well as the villainess who appears in the Brothers Grimm's retelling of the story, "Little

title: Susanne Blakeslee

text: known by Disney fans for her imitation of the late Eleanor Audley's portrayal as Lady Tremaine, Maleficent, and Madame Leota. She is the current voice of Maleficent since the video game series, "Kingdom Hearts" (2002–present); and Cruella de Vil since the direct-to-video sequel, "" (2002); and the TV series, "Disney's House of Mouse" (2001–2003). Blakeslee also voices Maleficent, Queen Grimhilde, and Cruella in Disney theme park attractions, shows and other video games. Susanne Blakeslee is the current voice of Lady Tremaine since the direct-to-video sequels, "" (2002); and "" (2007); she also voiced Lady Tremaine and Queen Grimhilde in the

title: Far Longer than Forever

text: Than Forever'...echoes the first five notes of "Beauty and the Beast." It is sung within the context of the film as a love song, and again performed over the credits as an RnB ballad by Regina Belle and Jeffrey Osborne. In the 1994 animated film, the song was performed by vocalists, Liz Callaway, as the singing voice of Princess Odette, and Howard McGillin, as the speaking and singing voice of Prince Derek. In the closing credits, a popular rendition of the song was performed by renowned R&B recording artists, Regina Belle and Jeffrey Osborne. Michelle Nicastro and Kenneth Cope sings

title: Maleficent

text: of a fire-breathing dragon. Maleficent is first introduced as the "only friend" of the Evil Queen from "Snow White". She is also somewhat responsible in her use of magic: she kept Rumpelstiltskin's Dark Curse hidden to ensure it would never be used, and, upon learning she had been robbed by Robin Hood, allowed him to keep the gold on the condition that Will Scarlet return a dangerous mirror (actually a portal to Wonderland) he had stolen. She does have a bit of a temper, having gone after two generations of Sleeping Beauties: Queen Briar Rose and Princess Aurora, her daughter.


question: who played john connor in the original terminator

answers: Michael Edwards

answers: Edward Furlong

title: The Terminator

text: The Terminator The Terminator is a 1984 American science fiction film directed by James Cameron. It stars Arnold Schwarzenegger as the Terminator, a cyborg assassin sent back in time from 2029 to 1984 to kill Sarah Connor (Linda Hamilton), whose son will one day become a savior against machines in a post-apocalyptic future. Michael Biehn plays Kyle Reese, a soldier from the future sent back in time to protect Connor. The screenplay is credited to Cameron and producer Gale Anne Hurd, while co-writer William Wisher Jr. received a credit for additional dialogue. Executive producers John Daly and Derek Gibson of

title: John Connor

text: "Terminator Salvation" (2009), Jason Clarke in "Terminator Genisys" (2015) and Jude Collie as the young John in the upcoming untitled sixth installment (2019) with Furlong's facial likeness through CGI, as well as in the television series by Thomas Dekker and John De Vito in "" (2008–2009) as the teenager and little John and by Gideon Emery, who voiced the character in a video game based on the fourth film respectively. In the fifth film, John Connor was infected by a Terminator named Alex and becomes the T-3000, which serves as the antagonist of the film. In the narrative of his

title: John Connor

text: struggles with his feelings for Cameron, who is a Terminator. John De Vito plays a young John Connor in two episodes "Queen's Gambit" and "To the Lighthouse". Dekker was cast after Headey secured the role of Sarah Connor. Regarding the "Terminator" films, Dekker says "They are like my favorite films when I was younger. So it's very ironic that I'm getting to do this. And I know for the younger generation and for myself, John was equally important to me as Sarah was, and I know a lot of the people that I hear from really, really care about John".

title: Terminator (character)

text: original 1984 film. The fifth installment, "Terminator Genisys," Schwarzenegger plays an aging T-800 Model 101 (reprogrammed by an unknown party) and becomes a mentor and father figure to a young Sarah Connor of an alternate timeline, and Brett Azar portrays the original Terminator from the first film, with Schwarzenegger's then-likeness utilized via CGI. Schwarzenegger and Azar will reprise their roles in the sixth film. The original T-800 is sent to terminate a single target, Sarah Connor (Linda Hamilton), in 1984, to prevent the birth of her son, John, the future leader of the Human Resistance. It survives superficial damage from

title: Terminator Genisys

text: account of himself in a production chair on set. The picture indicated the correct spelling of the film's title: "Terminator Genisys". On June 13, 2013, Schwarzenegger said that he would return for his fourth film as the Terminator. By early November, Garrett Hedlund and Tom Hardy were under consideration for the role of Kyle Reese. That month the choice for Sarah Connor was narrowed to Emilia Clarke, Tatiana Maslany and Brie Larson, and Clarke was selected in December. That month, Jason Clarke began negotiations to play John Connor. In February 2014, the studio considered Garrett Hedlund, Jai Courtney and Boyd

title: The Terminator

text: music for when Reese and Connor escape from the police station that would be appropriate for a "heroic moment". Cameron turned down this theme, as he believed it would lose the audience's excitement. The Terminator The Terminator is a 1984 American science fiction film directed by James Cameron. It stars Arnold Schwarzenegger as the Terminator, a cyborg assassin sent back in time from 2029 to 1984 to kill Sarah Connor (Linda Hamilton), whose son will one day become a savior against machines in a post-apocalyptic future. Michael Biehn plays Kyle Reese, a soldier from the future sent back in time

title: Sarah Connor (Terminator)

text: has died from acute myeloid leukemia in 1997 after a three-year battle with the disease. She is mentioned by John (Nick Stahl) and the T-850 (Schwarzenegger). She lived long enough to see the 1997 "Judgment Day" pass without incident, and was cremated in Mexico. Never truly believing they had beaten Skynet, her friends store a cache of weapons in a casket for John to find in the event that Judgment Day was not averted and the Terminators returned, in accordance with her will. Linda Hamilton reprised her role as Sarah Connor in voiceovers warning of the future war in the

title: Michael Biehn

text: Sarah Connor, in the 1984 film "The Terminator". He starred in two other films directed by James Cameron: "Aliens" (as Corporal Hicks) and "The Abyss" (as Lieutenant Hiram Coffey), and had a small role in "", briefly reprising role as Reese in a scene cut from the final film but restored for the Director's Cut version. He was considered to portray the film's antagonist, the T-1000, but the role ultimately went to Robert Patrick. In an early draft of "Alien 3" written by William Gibson, Biehn's character Hicks (who had survived the events of "Aliens") was to become the protagonist,

title: John Connor

text: Derek Reese. Jesse's plan was for John to become infatuated with Riley, making her a threat to John's security. This would force Cameron to kill Riley, thereby alienating John from her. Apparently, after Judgment Day, rumors abound of an unnatural relationship between the two that affects John's tactical decision making, and some are unsettled that he has appointed a Terminator as one of his lieutenants. In the video game "Terminator Salvation", which is set two years before the events of the film. In 2016, John Connor (voiced by Gideon Emery) and Blair Williams (Moon Bloodgood) are on a mission to

title: Terminator (franchise)

text: Schwarzenegger, Linda Hamilton and Michael Biehn. It is the first work in the "Terminator" franchise. In the film, machines take over the world in the near future, directed by the artificial intelligence Skynet. With its sole mission to completely annihilate humanity, it develops android assassins called Terminators that outwardly appear human. A man named John Connor starts the Tech-Com resistance to fight the machines, defeat Skynet and free humanity. With a human victory imminent, the machines' only choice is to send a Terminator back in time to kill John's mother, Sarah Connor, and prevent the boy's birth, thereby handicapping the

title: Terminator Genisys

text: Kalogridis who worked with her in "Avatar", gave it his blessing. The starting point of the script was to retain Schwarzenegger as a central character, unlike the "Star Trek" reboot with Leonard Nimoy as an older Spock in a minor role. They had to write in the actor (now 67 years old), and followed a suggestion by Cameron that the Terminator's living-tissue exterior was vulnerable to aging and their idea of Skynet sending a Terminator after an infant Sarah Connor. Kalogridis and Lussier extended this to the core characters of Kyle, Sarah, and John Connor, despite each being from a

title: T-1000

text: "Terminator Genisys", this concept has since been scrapped. Robert Patrick reprised his role as the T-1000 in a Universal Studios Theme Park movie ride. In this short film, The Terminator (Schwarzenegger) takes John Connor (Furlong) to the year 2029 to aid him in destroying Skynet once and for all. On their way, the T-1000 chases after John and the Terminator while they are on a motorcycle. But it is once again defeated when The Terminator shoots at it with a shotgun. A T-1001 Terminator, a second liquid metal prototype, is introduced in the 2008 television series, "" at the start

title: Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines

text: starting a nuclear holocaust that kills billions. John and Kate begin receiving radio transmissions on the emergency equipment; John tentatively assumes command by answering radio calls, and they reluctantly accept their fate. Jay Acovone portrayed an LAPD Officer. Kim Robillard and Mark Hicks portrayed Detective Edwards and Detective Bell. In the film's dialogue Bell is identified correctly, however in the film's end credits his name is listed as "Detective Martinez". One of Schwarzenegger's stunt doubles, Billy D. Lucas, portrayed a civilian who has his car accidentally wrecked by John. Linda Hamilton was approached to reprise her role as Sarah Connor,

title: John Connor

text: Dekker describes his character as "a continuation of Eddie Furlong's character" but "he's in a darker, more mature place now". The show tells the story of the Connors in alternate timeline from "Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines". It branches off from the shared back story of "Terminator 2", and according to consulting producer James Middleton "is [a new] version of "T3"." At the beginning of the series in 1999, John and Sarah try to settle down to normal lives after the events of the second film, but they are in fear of being captured for blowing up Cyberdyne during

title: Sarah Connor (Terminator)

text: into Cyberdyne Systems during a presentation by Kimberley Duncan to prevent the creation of Skynet. However, the T-1000, once again portrayed by Robert Patrick, follows them and nearly kills them. Seconds before their deaths, they are saved by the T-800, once again portrayed by Schwarzenegger. Then, Sarah sends John and the T-800 to the future to destroy Skynet itself while she stays behind to finish blowing up Cyberdyne. The T-1000 follows them. Eventually, John and the T-800 finish their task in the future, and John returns to Sarah in the present. During production, James Cameron states that Sarah is killed

title: Terminator Salvation

text: and Kubicek about the "Terminator" rights, filed a breach-of-contract claim for arbitration, alleging that they owe him $750,000. On July 16, 2008, Warner Bros. debuted the film's teaser trailer on Yahoo!, accompanied by a voiceover by Christian Bale's character of John Connor. On November 25, 2008, Sony Pictures unveiled a motion poster, showing a T-800 with the words: "Welcome to Los Angeles 2018". In December 2008, a theatrical trailer was released on the Apple website. In March 2009, the second theatrical trailer was released on Yahoo! Movies and was attached to "Watchmen", accompanied by a remix version of "The Day

title: Terminator Salvation

text: It focuses on the war between Skynet's machine network and humanity, as the remnants of the world's military have united to form the Resistance to fight against Skynet's killing machines. Bale portrays John Connor, a Resistance fighter and central character to the franchise, while Worthington portrays cyborg Marcus Wright. Yelchin plays a young Kyle Reese, a character first introduced in "The Terminator", and the film depicts the origins of the T-800 (Model 101) Terminator. After a troubled pre-production, with The Halcyon Company acquiring the rights for the franchise from Andrew G. Vajna and Mario Kassar and several writers working on

title: John Connor

text: on John's face in the opening scene of "Terminator 2: Judgment Day". Marcus helps him destroy the T-800, but due to injury, John's heart is too badly damaged and Marcus offers his own to John. In addition, after the Resistance Command is caught into Skynet's trap, John and his subordinates takeover the authority of its forces with no opposition. John's ending statement is that though this battle has been won, the war is far from over. John Connor is portrayed by Jason Clarke in the fifth installment, "Terminator Genisys." In an alternate timeline, following a confrontation with a T-5000 (Matt

title: Sarah Connor (Terminator)

text: has become a muscled, ferocious warrior. After the death of Kyle Reese, Sarah takes his warnings and the responsibility of raising her son to heart. Her fixation on the disaster and her fanatical desire to keep John safe has made her mentally unstable and very violent, which is aggravated by her fear and hatred of the T-800. She lives off-grid to protect herself and John. Sarah lived as an outlaw and tried to teach her son the skills he would need to lead the resistance. She is captured and sent to hospital after trying to blow up a computer factory.

title: John Connor

title: Sarah Connor (Terminator)

text: or 20 during the events of the first and the fifth films, and would place her birth sometime in 1964. In "The Terminator", Sarah Connor is a Los Angeles college student and waitress who is pursued by a relentless android killer, the Cyberdyne Systems Series 800 Model 101 Terminator (Arnold Schwarzenegger). She learns she is in danger from a televised report of two identically-named Los Angeles women who were shot to death earlier that day. She is rescued from the Terminator by time-travelling soldier Kyle Reese (Michael Biehn), who says in the future an artificial intelligence called Skynet will be

title: James Cameron

text: of Kyle Reese went to Michael Biehn. In addition, Linda Hamilton first appeared in this film in her iconic role of Sarah Connor, and later married Cameron. "The Terminator" was a box-office hit, breaking expectations by Orion Pictures executives that the film would be regarded as no more than a sci-fi film, and then only last a week in theaters. It was a low-budget film which cost $6.5 million to make, cutting expenses in such ways as recording the audio track in mono. However, "The Terminator" eventually earned over $78 million worldwide. During the early 1980s, Cameron wrote three screenplays

title: Terminator (franchise)

text: a nuclear holocaust, John struggles to become the leader of humanity to which he is destined. In this future, Marcus Wright (Sam Worthington, who was personally recommended by James Cameron) has somehow altered it, and the T-101 (Roland Kickinger with CG-rendered facial likeness of Arnold Schwarzenegger) is coming online sooner than expected. The film also involves Kyle Reese (Anton Yelchin) and how he became the man he was in the first film. The film also stars Bryce Dallas Howard, Moon Bloodgood, Common, Michael Ironside and Helena Bonham Carter. "Terminator Genisys" is the fifth installment of the franchise, and, in addition,

title: Terminator (character)

text: the Terminator acknowledges John as a friend. In the fourth film, the T-800 has a small role, though once again as an antagonist. Being the very first T-800 produced, it engages John Connor (Christian Bale) in battle during Connor's attempt to rescue Kyle Reese (Anton Yelchin) from the Skynet base in San Francisco. John holds his own with his advanced weaponry, but is unable to stop the Terminator until it is drenched in molten metal and then liquid nitrogen, freezing it temporarily. As John begins planting hydrogen fuel cells (similar to the ones powering the model seen in "Terminator 3"),

title: Kyle Reese

text: Connor sent two of us to intercept it, then zeroed the whole place, but Sumner didn't make it." Sumner would later appear in a "Sarah Connor Chronicles" episode and make it alive through the time portal with Kyle's brother and two other Resistance time-traveling agents. Arnold Schwarzenegger was the original choice to play Reese while director James Cameron intended to use a thinner, more ordinary looking actor as the Terminator; Lance Henriksen and O. J. Simpson were among those considered. Upon meeting Schwarzenegger, Cameron decided to cast him as the Terminator instead, and Henriksen was recast as Detective Vukovich. However,

title: John Connor

text: in time to 2014 and joins Cyberdyne to help create a new version of Skynet after the destruction of the original Terminator prevented its chip being used, working with Miles and Danny Dyson to perfect the development of the new Genisys system, turning Skynet into a massive digital network rather than a single computer system like it was originally. Three years later, despite his superior physical strength, he was later destroyed by "The Guardian" Terminator (Schwarzenegger)- a T-800 reprogrammed and sent into the past by an unknown party to protect Sarah Connor- when both of them were trapped inside a

title: John Connor

text: young John is skeptical of his mother's claims of his fate as humanity's leader. One day, while in an arcade with a friend, the T-1000 (Robert Patrick) and the T-800 (Schwarzenegger) - a reprogrammed android sent by John's future self, fight over him. This starts a chase sequence where the T-800 and John try to lose the T-1000; this event validates John's mother's warning to him about Skynet. Later that night, his mother breaks out and he and the T-800 go to save her, and the three escape. John teaches The Terminator how to be like a human; teaching him

title: Terminator Salvation

text: portrayed Sarah Connor in "The Terminator" and "Terminator 2: Judgment Day" and lent her voice to "Terminator Salvation", wished the film "all the best" but expressed her opinion that the series "was perfect with two films. It was a complete circle, and it was enough in itself. But there will always be those who will try to milk the cow". In "", Matthew Alford argued that with the fourth installment, "the franchise had made a clear shift towards supporting establishment narratives, despite its earlier reservations" and that a "central theme" is whether John Connor "should prioritise striking a decisive military

title: Terminator 2: Judgment Day (arcade game)

text: done, but loses points for every human casualty (first through fourth stages only). Arnold Schwarzenegger, Robert Patrick, and Eddie Furlong all reprised their respective roles for the making of the arcade game, appearing via digitized footage of their characters and a combination of audio clips from the film and new recorded lines. Linda Hamilton did not lend her likeness or voice as Sarah Connor in any footage of the game; she is instead played by Debbie Evans. The demo sequence includes a parody of the Motion Picture Association of America ratings seen in movie trailers. It claims that the game

title: Sarah Connor (Terminator)

text: resemblance to the athletic, muscular character portrayed by Hamilton. The controversy was covered by the "Los Angeles Times", "The Boston Herald", and "The Guardian", as well as in online forums. Series creator Josh Friedman auditioned over 300 actress for the role; he said he was looking for was someone "who embodied that spirit and who was believable in that role and not just some glammed up, Hollywood, actressy thing". After a friend recommended English actor Lena Headey for the role, Friedman watched her audition tape and thought she was "a tough, tough woman". Having seen "The Terminator" when she was

title: John Connor

long_answer: John Connor is a fictional character of the Terminator franchise. Created by writer and director James Cameron, the character is first referred to in the 1984 film The Terminator and first appears in its 1991 sequel Terminator 2: Judgment Day initially portrayed by Michael Edwards (briefly as the older Connor) and then by teenage actor Edward Furlong throughout the remainder of the film; in addition, Linda Hamilton's real-life son Dalton Abbot played John as a toddler in a dream sequence. The character is subsequently portrayed in the films, Nick Stahl in Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003), Christian Bale in Terminator Salvation (2009) and Jason Clarke in Terminator Genisys (2015) and from the television series Thomas Dekker and John De Vito in Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles (2008–2009) as the teenager and little John respectively. In the fifth film, where John Connor who becomes the T-3000 and serves as the antagonist of the series.

short_answers:
Edward Furlong
Michael Edwards


question: the octet rule states that in chemical compounds atoms tend to have the electron configuration of a

answers: noble gas

title: Octet rule

text: each F is bonded by a covalent bond in four structures and an ionic bond in one structure. Each resonance structure has eight valence electrons on P. A molecular orbital theory description considers the highest occupied molecular orbital to be a non-bonding orbital localized on the five fluorine atoms, in addition to four occupied bonding orbitals, so again there are only eight valence electrons on the phosphorus. The validity of the octet rule for hypervalent molecules is further supported by ab initio molecular orbital calculations, which show that the contribution of d functions to the bonding orbitals is small. Octet

title: Octet rule

text: to the octet of each bonded atom. In NO, the octet on each atom is completed by four electrons from two two-electron bonds, plus a lone pair of non-bonding electrons on that atom alone. The bond order is 2.5, since each two-electron bond counts as one bond while the three-electron bond has only one shared electron and therefore corresponds to a half-bond. Dioxygen is sometimes represented as obeying the octet rule with a double bond (O=O) containing two pairs of shared electrons. However the ground state of this molecule is paramagnetic, indicating the presence of unpaired electrons. Pauling proposed that

title: Octet rule

text: twice, once for each atom. In carbon dioxide each oxygen shares four electrons with the central carbon, two (shown in red) from the oxygen itself and two (shown in black) from the carbon. All four of these electrons are counted in both the carbon octet and the oxygen octet. Ionic bonding is common between pairs of atoms, where one of the pair is a metal of low electronegativity (such as sodium) and the second a nonmetal of high electronegativity (such as chlorine). A chlorine atom has seven electrons in its outer electron shell, the first and second shells being filled

title: Octet rule

text: a full shell (2s 2p) and an empty shell. According to the octet rule, the atoms immediately before and after neon in the periodic table (i.e. C, N, O, F, Na, Mg and Al), tend to attain a similar configuration by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. The argon atom has an analogous 3s 3p configuration. There is also an empty 3d level, but it is at considerably higher energy than 3s and 3p (unlike in the hydrogen atom), so that 3s 3p is still considered a closed shell for chemical purposes. The atoms immediately before and after argon tend to

title: Octet rule

text: attain this configuration in compounds. There are, however, some hypervalent molecules in which the 3d level may play a part in the bonding, although this is controversial (see below). For helium there is no 1p level according to the quantum theory, so that 1s is a closed shell with no p electrons. The atoms before and after helium (H and Li) follow a duet rule and tend to have the same 1s configuration as helium. Some stable molecular radicals (e.g. nitric oxide, NO) obtain octet configurations by means of a three-electron bond which contributes one shared and one unshared electron

title: Octet rule

text: of sodium and the electron affinity of chlorine) is small: +495.8 − 328.8 = +167 kJ mol. This energy is easily offset by the lattice energy of sodium chloride: −787.3 kJ mol. This completes the explanation of the octet rule in this case. In the late 19th century it was known that coordination compounds (formerly called “molecular compounds”) were formed by the combination of atoms or molecules in such a manner that the valencies of the atoms involved apparently became satisfied. In 1893, Alfred Werner showed that the number of atoms or groups associated with a central atom (the “coordination

title: Octet rule

text: and used it to help formulate his cubical atom model and the "rule of eight", which began to distinguish between valence and valence electrons. In 1919 Irving Langmuir refined these concepts further and renamed them the "cubical octet atom" and "octet theory". The "octet theory" evolved into what is now known as the "octet rule". The quantum theory of the atom explains the eight electrons as a closed shell with an sp electron configuration. A closed-shell configuration is one in which low-lying energy levels are full and higher energy levels are empty. For example, the neon atom ground state has

title: 18-electron rule

text: 18-electron rule The 18-electron rule is a rule used primarily for predicting and rationalizing formulae for stable metal complexes, especially organometallic compounds. The rule is based on the fact that the valence shells of transition metals consist of nine valence orbitals (one s orbital, three p orbitals and five d orbitals), which collectively can accommodate 18 electrons as either bonding or nonbonding electron pairs. This means that, the combination of these nine atomic orbitals with ligand orbitals creates nine molecular orbitals that are either metal-ligand bonding or non-bonding. When a metal complex has 18 valence electrons, it is said to

title: Octet rule

text: this molecule actually contains two three-electron bonds and one normal covalent (two-electron) bond. The octet on each atom then consists of two electrons from each three-electron bond, plus the two electrons of the covalent bond, plus one lone pair of non-bonding electrons. Main-group elements in the third and later rows of the periodic table can form hypercoordinate or hypervalent molecules in which the central main-group atom is bonded to more than four other atoms, such as phosphorus pentachloride, PCl, and sulfur hexafluoride, SF. For example, in PCl, if it is supposed that there are five true covalent bonds in which

title: 18-electron rule

text: 18-electron rule when one considers only those valence electrons, which occupy metal–ligand bonding orbitals. 18-electron rule The 18-electron rule is a rule used primarily for predicting and rationalizing formulae for stable metal complexes, especially organometallic compounds. The rule is based on the fact that the valence shells of transition metals consist of nine valence orbitals (one s orbital, three p orbitals and five d orbitals), which collectively can accommodate 18 electrons as either bonding or nonbonding electron pairs. This means that, the combination of these nine atomic orbitals with ligand orbitals creates nine molecular orbitals that are either metal-ligand bonding

title: Valence electron

text: The number of electrons in an atom's outermost valence shell governs its bonding behavior. Therefore, elements whose atoms can have the same number of valence electrons are grouped together in the periodic table of the elements. As a general rule, a main group element (except hydrogen or helium) tends to react to form a closed shell, corresponding to the electron configuration sp. This tendency is called the octet rule, because each bonded atom has eight valence electrons including shared electrons. The most reactive kind of metallic element is an alkali metal of group 1 (e.g., sodium or potassium); this is

title: Octet rule

text: number”) is often 4 or 6; other coordination numbers up to a maximum of 8 were known, but less frequent. In 1904 Richard Abegg was one of the first to extend the concept of coordination number to a concept of valence in which he distinguished atoms as electron donors or acceptors, leading to positive and negative valence states that greatly resemble the modern concept of oxidation states. Abegg noted that the difference between the maximum positive and negative valences of an element under his model is frequently eight. In 1916, Gilbert N. Lewis referred to this insight as Abegg's rule

title: History of molecular theory

text: noted that various ions with eight electrons also seemed to have a special stability. On these views, he proposed the rule of eight or octet rule: "Ions or atoms with a filled layer of eight electrons have a special stability". Moreover, noting that a cube has eight corners Lewis envisioned an atom as having eight sides available for electrons, like the corner of a cube. Subsequently, in 1902 he devised a conception in which cubic atoms can bond on their sides to form cubic-structured molecules. In other words, electron-pair bonds are formed when two atoms share an edge, as in

title: Octet rule

text: five distinct electron pairs are shared, then the phosphorus would be surrounded by 10 valence electrons in violation of the octet rule. In the early days of quantum mechanics, Pauling proposed that third-row atoms can form five bonds by using one s, three p and one d orbitals, or six bonds by using one s, three p and two d orbitals. To form five bonds, the one s, three p and one d orbitals combine to form five spd hybrid orbitals which each share an electron pair with a halogen atom, for a total of 10 shared electrons, two more

title: Octet rule

text: than the octet rule predicts. Similarly to form six bonds, the six spd hybrid orbitals form six bonds with 12 shared electrons. In this model the availability of empty d orbitals is used to explain the fact that third-row atoms such as phosphorus and sulfur can form more than four covalent bonds, whereas second-row atoms such as nitrogen and oxygen are strictly limited by the octet rule. However other models describe the bonding using only s and p orbitals in agreement with the octet rule. A valence bond description of PF uses resonance between different PF F structures, so that

title: Valence (chemistry)

text: s and three p) in accordance with the octet rule, together with six orbitals on the fluorines. Similar calculations on transition-metal molecules show that the role of p orbitals is minor, so that one s and five d orbitals on the metal are sufficient to describe the bonding. For elements in the main groups of the periodic table, the valence can vary between 1 and 7. Many elements have a common valence related to their position in the periodic table, and nowadays this is rationalised by the octet rule. The Greek/Latin numeral prefixes (mono-/uni-, di-/bi-, tri-/ter-, and so on) are

title: Octet rule

text: with two and eight electrons respectively. The first electron affinity of chlorine (the energy release when chlorine gains an electron) is +328.8 kJ per mole of chlorine atoms. Adding a second electron to chlorine requires energy, energy that cannot be recovered by formation of a chemical bond. The result is that chlorine will very often form a compound in which it has eight electrons in its outer shell (a complete octet). A sodium atom has a single electron in its outermost electron shell, the first and second shells again being full with two and eight electrons respectively. To remove this

title: Abegg's rule

text: +6 for sulfur in HSO) is often equal to 8. The concept was formulated in 1904 by German chemist Richard Abegg. Gilbert N. Lewis was one of the first to refer to the concept as "Abegg's rule" when he used it as a basis of argument in a 1916 article to develop his cubical atom theory, which developed into the octet rule. That article helped inspire Linus Pauling to write his 1938 textbook "The Nature of the Chemical Bond". Abegg's rule In chemistry, Abegg’s rule states that the difference between the maximum positive and negative valence of an element is

title: Electron configuration

text: electrons in a d subshell and fourteen electrons in an f subshell. The numbers of electrons that can occupy each shell and each subshell arise from the equations of quantum mechanics, in particular the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two electrons in the same atom can have the same values of the four quantum numbers. Physicists and chemists use a standard notation to indicate the electron configurations of atoms and molecules. For atoms, the notation consists of a sequence of atomic subshell labels (e.g. for phosphorus the sequence 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p) with the number of electrons

title: Octet rule

text: The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb that reflects observation that atoms of main-group elements tend to combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electron configuration as a noble gas.  The rule is especially applicable to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and the halogens, but also to metals such as sodium or magnesium.

title: Octet rule

text: outer electron requires only the first ionization energy, which is +495.8 kJ per mole of sodium atoms, a small amount of energy. By contrast, the second electron resides in the deeper second electron shell, and the second ionization energy required for its removal is much larger: +4562.4 kJ per mole. Thus sodium will, in most cases, form a compound in which it has lost a single electron and have a full outer shell of eight electrons, or octet. The energy required to transfer an electron from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom (the difference of the 1st ionization energy

title: Electron configuration

text: shells and subshells despite the advances in understanding of the quantum-mechanical nature of electrons. An electron shell is the set of allowed states that share the same principal quantum number, "n" (the number before the letter in the orbital label), that electrons may occupy. An atom's "n"th electron shell can accommodate 2"n" electrons, "e.g." the first shell can accommodate 2 electrons, the second shell 8 electrons, the third shell 18 electrons and so on. The factor of two arises because the allowed states are doubled due to electron spin—each atomic orbital admits up to two otherwise identical electrons with opposite

title: Cubical atom

text: of the atom was soon abandoned in favor of the quantum mechanical model based on the Schrödinger equation, and is therefore now principally of historical interest, it represented an important step towards the understanding of the chemical bond. The 1916 article by Lewis also introduced the concept of the electron pair in the covalent bond, the octet rule, and the now-called Lewis structure. Single covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share an edge, as in structure C below. This results in the sharing of two electrons. Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of an electron from one cube

title: Hypervalent molecule

text: from each of the two ligands on opposite sides of the central atom. Only one of the two pairs of electrons is occupying a molecular orbital that involves bonding to the central atom, the second pair being non-bonding and occupying a molecular orbital composed of only atomic orbitals from the two ligands. This model in which the octet rule is preserved was also advocated by Musher. A complete description of hypervalent molecules arises from consideration of molecular orbital theory through quantum mechanical methods. A LCAO in, for example, sulfur hexafluoride, taking a basis set of the one sulfur 3s-orbital, the

title: Three-center four-electron bond

text: a molecular orbital (MO) description, building on the concept of the "half-bond" introduced by Rundle in 1947. In this model, two of the four electrons occupy an all in-phase bonding MO, while the other two occupy a non-bonding MO, leading to an overall bond order of 0.5 between adjacent atoms (see Molecular orbital description). More recent theoretical studies on hypervalent molecules support the Langmuir view, confirming that the octet rule serves as a good first approximation to describing bonding in the s- and p-block elements. The σ molecular orbitals (MOs) of triiodide can be constructed by considering the in-phase and

title: Grimm–Sommerfeld rule

text: Grimm–Sommerfeld rule In chemistry, the Grimm–Sommerfeld rule predicts that binary compounds with covalent character that have an average of 4 electrons per atom will have structures where both atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated (e.g. have the wurtzite structure). Examples are silicon carbide, the III-V semiconductors indium phosphide and gallium arsenide, the II-VI semiconductors, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide. Gorynova expanded the scope of the rules to include ternary compounds where the average number of valence electrons per atom was four. Examples of this are the I-IV-V CuGeP compound which has a zincblende structure. Compounds or phases that obey the Grimm–Sommerfeld rule are

title: Electron configuration

text: Electron configuration In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. For example, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s 2s 2p, using the notation explained below. Electronic configurations describe each electron as moving independently in an orbital, in an average field created by all other orbitals. Mathematically, configurations are described by Slater determinants or configuration state functions. According to the laws of quantum mechanics, for systems with only one electron, a level of energy is associated with each

title: Alfred Werner

text: directly linked to the central metal atom. In other complexes he found coordination numbers of 4 or 8. On these views, and other similar views, in 1904 Richard Abegg formulated what is now known as Abegg's rule which states that the difference between the maximum positive and negative valence of an element is frequently eight. This rule was used later in 1916 when Gilbert N. Lewis formulated the “octet rule” in his cubical atom theory. In modern terminology Werner's primary valence corresponds to the oxidation state, and his secondary valence is called coordination number. The Co-Cl bonds (in the above

title: Electron configuration

text: configuration, not just the ground-state configuration listed in tables, although not all the energy levels are observed in practice. It is through the analysis of atomic spectra that the ground-state electron configurations of the elements were experimentally determined. Electron configuration In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. For example, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s 2s 2p, using the notation explained below. Electronic configurations describe each electron as moving independently in an orbital, in an average

title: Hückel's rule

text: () has six pi electrons and is more stable than either the cycloheptatrienyl radical () or its anion. The cyclopropenyl cation () and the triboracyclopropenyl dianion () are considered examples of a 2π-electron system Planar ring molecules with 4"n" pi electrons do not obey Hückel's rule, and theory predicts that they are less stable and have triplet ground states with two unpaired electrons. In practice such molecules distort from planar regular polygons. Cyclobutadiene (CH) with four pi electrons is stable only at temperatures below 35 K and is rectangular rather than square. Cyclooctatetraene (CH) with eight pi electrons has a

title: Octet rule


question: who was the walker rick killed in the first episode

answers: Addy Miller

title: What Comes After (The Walking Dead)

text: (Sasha Williams), and Scott Wilson (Hershel Greene), the last on-screen appearance before the actor's death. It also marks the final appearance of Andrew Lincoln (Rick Grimes), and Pollyanna McIntosh (Anne), as well as the last episode this season for Lauren Cohan (Maggie Greene) due to other acting commitments. Rick manages to pry himself off the rebar he had been impaled on after being thrown off by his spooked horse, but is bleeding profusely. He makes it back to his horse, barely holding onto consciousness to lead the merged walker hordes away from the construction camp. Getting enough of a lead,

title: Morgan Jones (The Walking Dead)

text: They find an unknown man, whom Rick decides to shoot after the man asks for his horse, but Morgan stops him. The man is already gone by the time Morgan explains to Rick how everything is a cycle and by sparing the Wolf leader he kept in Alexandria, Denise was saved and was able to save Carl. The two then part ways with Rick giving Morgan a gun and telling him to come back once he finds Carol. In the season finale "Last Day on Earth", Morgan continues to search for Carol. He finds the missing man's horse and is

title: Bloodletting (The Walking Dead)

text: police cruiser and tells Lori that Rick has been severely wounded in a highway shootout. Lori then tells her and Rick's son, Carl (Chandler Riggs) the news, causing him to break down in tears. In the present, Carl has been accidentally shot by a man named Otis (Pruitt Taylor Vince), who was hunting for deer. Otis brings Rick, Carl and Shane to a veterinarian named Hershel Greene (Scott Wilson), for whom Otis works as a farm hand. Hershel lives with his daughters Maggie (Lauren Cohan) and Beth (Emily Kinney), Beth's boyfriend Jimmy (James Allen McCune), and Otis' wife Patricia (Jane

title: Bloodletting (The Walking Dead)

text: the Coweta County School System. The episode featured guest appearances from Scott Wilson, Lauren Cohan, Emily Kinney and Pruitt Taylor Vince, amongst several other recurring actors and actresses for the series. "Bloodletting" was well received by television critics, who praised the character development in the episode. Upon airing, it gained 6.70 million viewers and garnered a 3.6 rating in the 18-49 demographic, according to Nielsen ratings. In a flashback, Lori Grimes (Sarah Wayne Callies) is talking with other mothers about a fight she had with her husband, Rick (Andrew Lincoln). Rick's partner, Shane Walsh (Jon Bernthal), pulls up in a

title: Rick Grimes

text: in the episode "Triggerfinger". In the episode "Better Angels", Rick decides to keep the prisoner alive. Shane ultimately kills Randall, and then tries to kill Rick, who stabs him in the heart in self-defense. Shane comes back to life as a walker, but Carl kills him. In the season finale, "Beside the Dying Fire", a walker horde overruns the farm. Rick reveals to the escaped group that Jenner had told him that everyone is infected. He tells Lori he killed Shane to protect himself as well as the group, but she recoils from him, horrified. Rick then coldly dares any

title: Shane Walsh (The Walking Dead)

text: have him kill him, forcing Rick to finally be more like Shane. Carl would have then had shown up and killed zombified Shane, similarly again to the final episode. In the comics, Kirkman resolved the love triangle between Lori, Shane, and Rick very quickly, but in the TV show he decided to spend more time exploring this relationship. Bernthal said of the character in the first season, "I love the way that he feels about Rick [...] I love the friendship there. I love the way he uses this unbelievable dialogue that Frank [Darabont] wrote to be a good friend

title: Remember (The Walking Dead)

text: in ratings from the previous episode with 14.43 million viewers in comparison to 13.44 million viewers in the previous week. This episode marks the debut of the young actress Katelyn Nacon who plays Enid, an exclusive character for the television series. Rick Grimes (Andrew Lincoln) and the group enter the Alexandria Safe-Zone and are met by Nicholas (Michael Traynor), who asks the group to surrender their weapons. When Rick refuses, Aaron (Ross Marquand) suggests he first meets their leader, Deanna Monroe (Tovah Feldshuh). Deanna, who first discloses to Rick that she was a former Ohio congressperson, explains that Northern Virginia

title: Shane Walsh (The Walking Dead)

text: creator Frank Darabont originally had all actors audition for the role of Rick, including Bernthal, and then brought back the actors under close consideration to audition for Shane and other roles. Bernthal, however, wanted to portray the part of Shane from early on and fought for the part, despite knowing that the character would die early in the series. Robert Kirkman said Shane's death was planned for the TV Series adaptation "before the first episode of season one was shot." "Frank Darabont had actually planned to do it at the end of the first season before he knew that the

title: Rick Grimes

text: the group escapes the doomed facility. In the second-season premiere, "What Lies Ahead", Carl is accidentally shot during the group's search for Sophia Peletier (Madison Lintz), Carol's (Melissa McBride) daughter, who was chased away by walkers during the group's escape from Atlanta. In the episode "Bloodletting", the shooter, Otis, takes them to an isolated farm occupied by Hershel Greene (Scott Wilson), a veterinarian who works to save Carl's life by using a transfusion of Rick's blood. Carl recovers with Shane's help in the episode "Cherokee Rose". In the episode "Secrets", Lori tells Rick that she is pregnant and reveals that

title: Clear (The Walking Dead)

text: but find it booby trapped. A masked gunman from a roof demands they drop their weapons, but this leads to a gunfight. Carl shoots the gunman's ballistic vest, knocking him unconscious. They find he is Morgan Jones (Lennie James), the first person Rick met after waking from a coma following the apocalypse. They take Morgan to his apartment, finding a large stash of guns and ammo. Rick sees a drawn map of the town created by Morgan, learning that his neighborhood has been "burned out". Rick wants to stay until Morgan wakes, while Carl offers to search for supplies including

title: Shane Walsh (The Walking Dead)

text: a walker horde that forces Rick's group and Hershel's family to flee. When they regroup, Rick explains what happened to Shane, knowing that Shane was luring him into a trap, but they ask him how Shane reanimated despite not being bitten. Rick is forced to tell them the secret Dr. Jenner told him at the CDC: That every living human carries the virus that causes them to become walkers when they die. Rick hadn't told anyone because he didn't believe Jenner until he saw Shane reanimate without being bitten. In later seasons, Rick comes to accept that Lori's child, named

title: Mercy (The Walking Dead)

text: his coma in "Days Gone Bye". Nicotero brought back Joe Giles, one of the actors that played a walker that followed Rick off a bus in Atlanta as one of walkers used by a Savior watchtower for this episode. Other easter eggs include Carl using the orange backpack that he, Rick, and Michonne collected from a dead hitchhiker from the season three episode "Clear", and Negan starting a conversation with Rick using the line "Let me ask you somethin', Rick", which Shane had frequently used in the first two seasons of the show. The scene where the combined groups have

title: Shane Walsh (The Walking Dead)

text: barn doors himself, allowing the walkers loose against Rick's and Hershel's pleas. The group kills the walkers, including the reanimated body of Sophia. After this, Hershel goes missing and Rick sets out to search for him. Lori becomes concerned when Rick doesn't return soon, and drives off to find them but gets in an accident. Shane goes out to rescue Lori, giving him a chance to apologize to her, but she remains distant from him. Rick returns with Hershel and another survivor, Randall, who was from another group that was scavenging for supplies and attacked Rick. Randall was injured during

title: Beside the Dying Fire

text: walker bite. Rick reveals what Dr. Edwin Jenner whispered in his ear: they are all infected carriers of the walker pathogen, and become walkers if they die for any reason. Rick also reveals that he had been forced to kill Shane, and Carl had shot his reanimated form, shocking Lori. As they continue to debate, the others, save for Daryl and Hershel, start to lose their faith in Rick as a leader. A noise echoing in the distance places the group on high alert, but Rick does not allow anyone to investigate. Carol Peletier (Melissa McBride) urges Rick to take

title: The Walking Dead (season 2)

text: whose secrets and motives are unclear. In the midst of events, Rick and the others try to restore order after a terrible discovery as differences begin to openly erupt between Rick and Shane Walsh (Jon Bernthal). After the first season aired, "Deadline Hollywood" reported that Frank Darabont had let the entire writing staff go and planned to use only freelance writers for the second season. This turned out to be not entirely accurate, and Robert Kirkman was quoted as saying the changes to the writing staff would not affect the production of the show. In February 2011, it was announced

title: Inmates (The Walking Dead)

text: credits. This episode also marks the first appearances of Michael Cudlitz, Josh McDermitt, and Christian Serratos as Sgt. Abraham Ford, Dr. Eugene Porter and Rosita Espinosa, respectively. Upon airing, the episode was watched by 13.34 million viewers, and received an 18-49 rating of 6.8. In a flashback, Beth Greene (Emily Kinney) narrates a diary entry discussing her hopes of a new life in the prison. In the present, she and Daryl Dixon (Norman Reedus) are sitting around a campfire, having fled the prison. Beth insists that they must not be the only survivors of The Governor's attack, and demands Daryl

title: Morgan Jones (The Walking Dead)

text: a walker and tells him about the outbreak. They part ways with the intention of reuniting in Atlanta but then they lose contact. In the season 3 episode "Clear," Morgan is revealed to be alive when Rick encounters him on a supply run back in Rick's hometown. Morgan has become mentally unstable as Duane was killed by Morgan's undead wife, and refuses to rejoin Rick's group insisting that he needs to stay and clear the town of walkers. In season 5, Morgan is shown to have recovered from his mental break and learns that Rick is in Virginia. He eventually

title: Shane Walsh (The Walking Dead)

text: the two men as in the final episode, with the second change being that Shane would have admitted he was there to kill Rick. Rick would then have had similar dialogue as in the episode asking why he was doing this, as he thought they settled their issues in "18 Miles Out." Rick would have then thrown his gun away, instead of holding it in a non-confrontational position, insisting that Shane would have to kill an unarmed man. Shane would have then charged Rick and putting his gun into Ricks' face using the same insults as in the final episode

title: Forget (The Walking Dead)

text: a revolver, but Daryl refuses. Rick goes for a walk in Alexandria, where he sees Jessie and her husband, Pete Anderson (Corey Brill), and briefly reaches towards his revolver. He hears a noise from outside the wall and runs in its direction, where a lone walker is banging on it from the other side. Rick puts his hand on the wall and appears to take some satisfaction in reconnecting with the animalistic life outside the walls. The episode was written by Corey Reed and directed by David Boyd. It marks the final overall appearances of Emily Kinney as Beth Greene

title: Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead)

text: The episode opens in medias res as former Sheriff Deputy Rick Grimes (Andrew Lincoln) scavenges for gas and supplies at an abandoned convenience store in rural Georgia on a deserted highway. He spots a little girl (Addy Miller), but she turns out to be a zombie.  When she charges towards him, Rick shoots her in the head.

title: Rick Grimes

text: of walkers by a fellow survivor named Glenn, who takes him to a camp where Rick is reunited with his wife Lori and son Carl, as well as Shane. Tension between Rick and Shane over leadership of the group and Lori's affections boils over in a confrontation which ends with Carl shooting Shane to protect his father. Afterwards, Rick leads the group away from Atlanta, trying to find shelter and safe haven from the undead. Rick's early settlement plan proves to be disastrous, as the abandoned planned community he thought to be safe is ultimately found to be zombie infested,

title: Rick Grimes

text: for the native Alexandrians as he does his own pre-Alexandria group before she dies. Rick prepares ponchos covered in walker innards for the group to sneak through the herd to safety. Sam suffers a mental breakdown in the mid-season premiere "No Way Out". Sam is killed, followed by his mother, and Ron shoots Carl in the eye before being killed by Michonne. While Dr. Denise Cloyd treats Carl, an enraged Rick leads nearly all of Alexandria in battling and defeating the herd. Rick tells a comatose Carl that he now has hope for the future again and plans to rebuild

title: Rick Grimes

text: finds Michonne killing a Savior to death and he stops her, she takes him to the sewer where they all hide, Judith and Carl are safe there with all the In addition to Alexandria, Rick finds Dwight among his people, resting against a wall, although Rick seems surprised to see him, continues without saying a word, is also surprised to find Siddiq in the sewers with the rest of the survivors. Carl reveals that he brought Siddiq there, then Carl reveals Rick, Michonne and the rest of the people who were bitten by a walker. In the mid-season premiere episode

title: Rick Grimes

text: survivors scavenging for supplies in a building. The building is attacked by walkers and the group flees the city, forced to leave subdued and chained group member, Merle Dixon (Michael Rooker) behind. In the episode "Tell It to the Frogs", the survivors lead Rick to their campsite where he happily reunites with Lori and Carl, as well as Shane. Merle's brother Daryl Dixon (Norman Reedus), however, demands that a group return to the city to find him; Rick also wants to retrieve a bag of guns. They discover that Merle cut off his hand to escape. In the episode "Vatos",

title: Better Angels (The Walking Dead)

text: Rick in one direction. Daryl and Glenn discover Randall, now reanimated as a walker, which they dispatch before investigating the body and finding he died from the broken neck, but had not suffered any bite marks from a walker. They question how Randall had become a walker. Meanwhile, Shane continues to lead Rick back towards the farm, but Rick has grown suspicious that Shane wants to assassinate him. Shane draws his gun on Rick, but Rick refuses to engage, challenging Shane to kill an unarmed man. Rick continues to talk to Shane, allowing him to get close enough to stab

title: Morgan Jones (The Walking Dead)

text: mental and physical health deteriorates, he begins murdering survivors who pass by so he can feed the boy. Rick, along with his son Carl and new second-in-command Abraham, arrive back to the town with the plan to bring Morgan into the group, which he agrees to after freeing his zombie son. He quickly develops an intense fixation on Carl, who reminds him of Duane. While in the group, he becomes one of the primary defenders of their campsite, and deepens his bond with Michonne, the two of them both connecting due to their damaged psyches and history of loss. At

title: Vatos

text: members including Amy and Ed Peletier (Adam Minarovich). Rick and the others arrive in time to quell the walkers. Amy dies in Andrea's arms, and as the others stand around in shock, Jim recalls why he had dug those holes. "Vatos" was directed by Johan Renck and written by Robert Kirkman; this episode became Kirkman's first writing credit for the series. "I was pretty happy that the first death in the show was in an episode that I got to write," he stated. "That was kind of cool." The episode's script was heavily modified by Kirkman and series creator Frank

title: Carol Peletier

text: killing their father Ryan who was bitten by a walker. This makes Carol even more determined to keep those she cares about safe. In the episode "Isolation", when a new disease starts spreading in the prison, two people who are infected are killed – Karen (Melissa Ponzio) the Woodbury survivor and girlfriend of Tyreese (Chad L. Coleman), and prison newcomer David. Unknown to the other survivors, Carol killed them in their sleep and burned their bodies in the belief it would stop the infection from spreading. An enraged Tyreese finds the burned bodies and attacks Rick while Carol watches, and

title: Secrets (The Walking Dead)

text: are still people, including his wife and stepson, and can be cured, and refuses to kill them after Dale explains the danger. Meanwhile, Rick (Andrew Lincoln) and Lori argue on what to do with Hershel's demand to leave the farm, now that Carl (Chandler Riggs) is healed. Rick, Shane and T-Dog (IronE Singleton) give gun training to Jimmy, Carl (Chandler Riggs) and the women on the farm. Shane (Jon Bernthal) takes Andrea (Laurie Holden) aside to give her advanced training after seeing how good she is with a weapon, but she is unable to hit a moving target. Shane tries

title: What Comes After (The Walking Dead)

text: Kang and writers Scott Gimple and Matt Negrete, needed characters that were essential to Rick. Shane, as played by Jon Bernthal, was considered essential given Shane's impact on Rick's story throughout the show. Hershel as played by Scott Wilson was seen as a father-figure to Rick, and Sasha as played by Sonequa Martin-Green was seen as a soldier who knew how to put the bigger picture first in her priorities. They had considered bringing back others like Steven Yeun who played Glenn, but there were scheduling conflicts, and the production felt the three guests they had worked strongest for the

title: Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead)