question: when did the united states acquired puerto rico

answers: 1898

title: José Maldonado Román

text: occupation and administrator of civil affairs. Many Puerto Ricans, among them Maldonado, believed that Puerto Rico would gain its independence however, almost immediately, the United States began the "Americanization" process of Puerto Rico. The U.S. occupation brought about a total change in Puerto Rico's economy and polity and did not apply democratic principles to the colony. Puerto Rico was classified as an "unincorporated territory" which meant that the protections of the United States Constitution did not automatically apply because the island belonged to the U.S., but was not part of the U.S. In 1899, the New York Times published a

title: Decolonization

text: 1917, Puerto Ricans became full U.S. citizens. The US government declared Puerto Rico the territory was no longer a colony and stopped transmitting information about it to the United Nations Decolonization Committee. As a result, the UN General Assembly removed Puerto Rico from the U.N. list of non-self-governing territories. Four referenda showed little support for independence, but much interest in statehood such as Hawaii and Alaska received in 1959. The Monroe Doctrine was expanded by the Roosevelt Corollary in 1904, providing that the United States had a right and obligation to intervene "in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence"

title: Political status of Puerto Rico

text: speak at the UN. The U.S. position has not been that Puerto Rico is not a territory; rather, the U.S. position of record, based on General Assembly Resolution 748, is that the Decolonization Committee lacks jurisdiction, that the matter is one for the United States and Puerto Rico to resolve, and that Puerto Rico has not sought a new status." In 1972, the UN set a precedent when, after approving Puerto Rico's association with the United States in 1953 as sufficient evidence to remove PR from the list of Colonized Countries, the United Nations reopened the matter in 1972 and

title: Manuel Olivieri Sanchez

text: The United States established a military government, which acted as both head of the army of occupation and administrator of civil affairs. Almost immediately, the United States began the "Americanization" process of Puerto Rico. The U.S. occupation brought about a total change in Puerto Rico's economy and polity and did not apply democratic principles in their colony. Puerto Rico was classified as an "unincorporated territory," which meant that the protections of the United States Constitution — including the right of citizenship — did not automatically apply, because the island belonged to the U.S., but was not part of the U.S.

title: Political status of Puerto Rico

text: its choice. Some claim that granting of U.S. citizenship on Puerto Ricans on March 2, 1917 was devised by the United States in order to further reiterate its hold of Puerto Rico as a possession while others claim that it was a serious attempt to pave the way for statehood. Former chief of the Puerto Rico Supreme Court José Trías Monge insists that statehood was never intended for the island and that, unlike Alaska and Hawaii, which Congress deemed incorporated territories and slated for annexation to the Union from the start, Puerto Rico was kept "unincorporated" specifically to avoid offering

title: Politics of Puerto Rico

text: as territory of the United States. The nature of Puerto Rico's political relationship with the United States is the subject of ongoing debate in Puerto Rico, in the United States, the United Nations and the International Community. One year after the United States invasion of the island, Dr. José Celso Barbosa embraced the idea of annexation as a U.S. state as a solution to the colonial situation and founded the Republican Party in 1899. Dr. Barbosa had been the leader in the Autonomist Party that favored a republican government for Spain. For much of the 19th Century, the principal parties

title: Puerto Rico Democracy Act

text: Puerto Rico is a self-governing unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeastern Caribbean Sea, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands. It was ceded to the United States as part of the Treaty of Paris during the Spanish–American War. In 1952, the U.S. Congress ratified the Constitution of Puerto Rico, proclaiming Puerto Rico as an insular commonwealth. However, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has territorial status subject to United States congressional authority under the Territorial Clause of the U.S. Constitution, "to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory

title: Political status of Puerto Rico

text: prior to the U.S. invasion, Puerto Rico enjoyed greater freedom and rights in certain areas: Yet those who claim Puerto Rico is not a colony will say that in its 8th session, the United Nations General Assembly recognized Puerto Rico's self-government on November 27, 1953, with Resolution 748. This side points out that such recognition removed Puerto Rico's classification as a non-self-governing territory (under article 73(e) of the Charter of the United Nations). They add that the Resolution has not been revoked even though Puerto Rico's political status is still debated in many international forums. Those who claim Puerto Rico

title: Isabel González

text: was classified as an "unincorporated territory" which meant that the protections of the United States Constitution — including the right of citizenship — did not automatically apply, because the island belonged to the U.S., but was not part of the U.S. On January 15, 1899, the military government changed the name of Puerto Rico to Porto Rico (On May 17, 1932, the U.S. Congress changed the name back to "Puerto Rico") and the island's currency was changed from the Puerto Rican peso to the American dollar, integrating the island's currency into the U.S. monetary system. The United States exerted its

title: Puerto Rico

text: of a state. That is because "the Government of a territory owes its existence wholly to the United States". Congress's plenary authority over federal territories includes the authority to permit self-government, whereby local officials administer a territory's internal affairs. On June 9, 2016, in Commonwealth of Puerto Rico vs Sanchez Valle, a 6–2 majority of the Supreme Court of the United States determined that Puerto Rico is a territory and lacks Sovereignty. On June 30, 2016, the President of the United States of America signed a new law approved by U.S. Congress, H.R. 5278: PROMESA, establishing a Control Board over

title: Antonio Rafael Barceló

text: Justice of the United States, William Howard Taft made the following statement in regard to the :"Balzac v. Porto Rico" case: ""Puerto Rico belongs to the United States, but is not part of the United States. Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory and even though Puerto Ricans have American citizenship, they do not have the same rights as the common American citizen"". Both Barceló and Jose Tous Soto, the president of the pro-statehood Republican Party of Puerto Rico, understood by Taft's statement that neither independence nor statehood would be considered for the time being. In 1924, they formed an "Alliance"

title: Insular Cases

text: keep their Spanish citizenship, as well as their right to become U.S. citizens.” After Title IX of the Treaty of Paris came the Foraker Act of 1900, which established American rule in Puerto Rico for all of the Twentieth Century. The Act allowed the United States to appoint the governor, a portion of the Legislature, and the entirety of the Supreme Court. These two documents precede the Insular Cases and set a precedent on the status of the United States’ new territories prior to the Supreme Court's rulings. In addition to the Treaty of Paris and the Foraker Act, the

title: Puerto Rico

text: United States Congress would be necessary to implement changes to the status of Puerto Rico under the Territorial Clause of the United States Constitution. Since 1953, the UN has been considering the political status of Puerto Rico and how to assist it in achieving "independence" or "decolonization". In 1978, the Special Committee determined that a "colonial relationship" existed between the U.S. and Puerto Rico. The UN's Special Committee on Decolonization has often referred to Puerto Rico as a "nation" in its reports, because, internationally, the people of Puerto Rico are often considered to be a Caribbean nation with their own

title: Constitution of Puerto Rico

text: with the legal status of Puerto Rico under the Federal Government of the United States. Certain decisions by the Supreme Court of the United States appeared to have interpreted the Territorial Clause of the United States Constitution as still controlling over Puerto Rico. Under this clause, the United States Congress is the recognized sovereign of the island. In 1976, the U.S. Supreme Court clarified that the purpose of Congress in the 1950 and 1952 legislation was to accord to Puerto Rico the degree of autonomy and independence normally associated with a State of the Union. However, on June 9, 2016,

title: Military history of Puerto Rico

text: Nicaragua or Panama and that the United States annex the Dominican Republic and purchase Puerto Rico and Cuba. The idea of annexing the Dominican Republic failed to receive the approval of the U.S. Senate and Spain did not accept the 160 million dollars which the U.S. offered for Puerto Rico and Cuba. Captain Mahan made the following statement to the War Department: Since 1894, the Naval War College had been formulating plans for war with Spain. By 1896, the Office of Naval Intelligence had prepared a plan which including military operations in Puerto Rican waters. Not only was Puerto Rico

title: Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)

text: Puerto Rico to hold a constitutional convention and in 1952, the people of Puerto Rico ratified a constitution establishing a republican form of government for the island. Puerto Rico's political relationship with the U.S. has been a continuing source of debate in Puerto Rico, the United States Congress, and the United Nations. The issue revolves around whether Puerto Rico should remain a U.S. territory, become a U.S. state, or become an independent country. The debate has spawned several referenda, presidential executive orders and bills in the U.S. Congress. Ultimately the U.S. Congress is the only body empowered to decide the

title: United States territorial acquisitions

text: Territorial Governors were appointed by the Secretary of the Interior. Immigration of Americans was never as strong as it was, for instance, in Hawaii; indigenous Samoans make up 89% of the population. The islands have been reluctant to separate from the U.S. in any manner. The Annexation of Santo Domingo was an attempted treaty during the later Reconstruction Era, initiated by United States President Ulysses S. Grant in 1869, to annex "Santo Domingo" (as the Dominican Republic was then commonly known) as a United States territory, with the promise of eventual statehood. President Grant feared some European power would take

title: Puerto Rico

text: hold another referendum, this next one being the first Puerto Rican status referendum to be financed by the U.S. Federal government. In December 2015, the U.S. Government submitted a brief as Amicus Curiae to the U.S. Supreme Court related to the case Commonwealth of Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle. The U.S. Government official position is that the U.S. Constitution does not contemplate "sovereign territories". That the Court has consistently recognized that "there is no sovereignty in a Territory of the United States but that of the United States itself". and a U.S. territory has "no independent sovereignty comparable to that

title: Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)

text: political status of Puerto Rico, as stated under the Territorial Clause. Despite the Spanish translation of the term "commonwealth", Puerto Rico's relationship with United States is not a Compact of Free Association (which is the case for the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, and the Marshall Islands). As sovereign states, these islands have full right to conduct their own foreign relations, while the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is part of the United States as a territory. The Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico says that in 1952 there was a pact between Puerto Rico and the United States that gave

title: United States territorial acquisitions

text: Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines (for which the United States compensated Spain $20 million, equivalent to $588 million in present-day terms), were ceded by Spain after the Spanish–American War in the 1898 Treaty of Paris.  Spain relinquished all claim of sovereignty over Cuba, but did not cede it to the United States, so it became a protectorate. All four of these areas were under United States Military Government (USMG) for extended periods. Cuba became an independent nation in 1902, and the Philippines became an independent nation in 1946.

title: United States politics and the political status of Puerto Rico

text: should be ascertained by means of a general right of referendum or specific referenda sponsored by the United States government. Puerto Rico has been under U.S. sovereignty for over a century and Puerto Ricans have been U.S. citizens since 1917, but the island's ultimate status still has not been determined and its 3.9 million residents still do not have voting representation in their national government. These disenfranchised citizens – who have contributed greatly to our country in war and peace – are entitled to the permanent and fully democratic status of their choice. Democrats will continue to work in the

title: Puerto Rico

text: to the U.S. The United States and Puerto Rico began a long-standing metropolis-colony relationship. In the early 20th century, Puerto Rico was ruled by the military, with officials including the governor appointed by the President of the United States. The Foraker Act of 1900 gave Puerto Rico a certain amount of civilian popular government, including a popularly elected House of Representatives. The upper house and governor were appointed by the United States. Its judicial system was constructed to follow the American legal system; a Puerto Rico Supreme Court and a United State District Court for the territory were established. It

title: Sovereigntism (Puerto Rico)

text: access to any other country. Their citizens are allowed to work in the U.S. and serve in its military. Of course, the agreement with Puerto Rico as an FAS may be entirely different than it is with the current three because of the closer relationship it has had with the U.S. Since 1953, the UN has been considering the Political status of Puerto Rico and how to assist it in achieving "independence" or "decolonization". In 1978, the Special Committee determined that a "colonial relationship" existed between the US and Puerto Rico. Note that the United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization

title: Manuel Olivieri Sanchez

text: of the United States had, even though the island was governed by that nation. Olivieri Sánchez’s family financial situation worsened and in 1901, he moved to Hawaii with his mother. He became fluent in both English and Spanish and worked as a court interpreter. At the time both Puerto Rico and Hawaii were territories of the United States however, the passage of the Jones-Shafroth Act of 1917, same year that the U.S. entered World War I, granted U.S. citizenship to the Puerto Rican residents in Puerto Rico and excluded those who resided in Hawaii. Even though Puerto Ricans in Hawaii

title: Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)

text: Puerto Rico an autonomous government and removed it from the list of colonies. The territory was organized by the Foraker Act in 1900, which was amended by the Jones–Shafroth Act in 1917. The drafting of the Constitution of Puerto Rico by its residents was authorized by Congress in 1951, and the result approved in 1952. The government of Puerto Rico has held several referenda with the options of U.S. statehood, independence, and commonwealth; the commonwealth option won on multiple plebiscite's held in 1967, 1993, and 1998. In 2012, 54% of the voters did not wish to continue the present territorial

title: Dependent territory

text: differs from that of the Pacific Islands that entered into Compacts of Free Association with the United States. As sovereign states, these islands have full right to conduct their own foreign relations, while the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has territorial status subject to United States congressional authority under the Constitution's Territory Clause, "to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory… belonging to the United States.". Puerto Rico does not have the right to unilaterally declare independence, and at the last referendum (1998) the narrow majority voted for "none of the above", which was a formally

title: Territories of the United States

text: express the purpose to incorporate acquired territory into the United States, especially in the absence of other provisions showing an intention to the contrary." Part of the act of incorporation is on the people of the territory, not on the territory per se, by extending the privileges and immunities clause of the constitution to them, such as when it was extended to Puerto Rico in 1947 (despite this, Puerto Rico remains officially unincorporated). The 2016 Supreme Court case "Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle" ruled that territories don't have their own sovereignty. In 2016, the Supreme Court declined to rule on

title: Manifest destiny

text: already existing states. These islands, however, were acquired as colonies rather than prospective states. The process was validated by the Insular Cases. The Supreme Court ruled that full constitutional rights did not automatically extend to all areas under American control. Nevertheless, in 1917, Puerto Ricans were all made full American citizens via the Jones Act. This also provided for a popularly elected legislature and a bill of rights, and authorized the election of a Resident Commissioner who has a voice (but no vote) in Congress. According to Frederick Merk, these colonial acquisitions marked a break from the original intention of

title: Puerto Rico

text: and Cuba. Since 1894, the United States Naval War College had been developing contingency plans for a war with Spain. By 1896, the U.S. Office of Naval Intelligence had prepared a plan that included military operations in Puerto Rican waters. Except for one 1895 plan, which recommended annexation of the island then named "Isle of Pines" (later renamed as Isla de la Juventud), a recommendation dropped in later planning, plans developed for attacks on Spanish territories were intended as support operations against Spain's forces in and around Cuba. Recent research suggests that the U.S. did consider Puerto Rico valuable as

title: Puerto Rican Campaign

text: 17, 1932, U.S. Congress changed the name back to "Puerto Rico") and the island's currency was changed from the Puerto Rican peso to the American dollar, integrating the island's currency into the U.S. monetary system. The United States exerted its control over the economy of the island by prohibiting Puerto Rico from negotiating commercial treaties with other nations, from determining tariffs, and from shipping goods to the mainland on other than U.S. carriers. A state of civil disorder existed in the island's mountainous region after the invasion of the United States. The local Criollo, who now found themselves unemployed and

title: United States territorial acquisitions


question: which episode does gideon die in criminal minds

answers: "Nelson's Sparrow"

answers: Nelson's Sparrow

title: Jason Gideon

text: Jason Gideon Jason Gideon was a fictional character in the CBS crime drama "Criminal Minds", portrayed by Mandy Patinkin. Gideon was a Senior Supervisory Special Agent and the unit chief of the FBI's Behavioral Analysis Unit, and has appeared from the series' pilot episode "Extreme Aggressor," which was originally broadcast on September 22, 2005. He is also portrayed as a younger man by Ben Savage, in flashbacks. Mandy Patinkin abruptly left the show in 2007, just as his character abruptly quit from the BAU, due to emotional distress. In 2012, Patinkin opened up about why he left stating that the

title: Mandy Patinkin

text: Patinkin debuted in the role of Jason Gideon, an experienced profiler just coming back to work after a series of nervous breakdowns, in the CBS crime drama TV show "Criminal Minds." Patinkin was absent from a table read for "Criminal Minds" and did not return for a third season. The departure from the show was not due to contractual or salary matters, but over creative differences. He left apologetic letters for his fellow cast members explaining his reasons and wishing them luck. Many weeks before his departure, in a videotaped interview carried in the online magazine "Monaco Revue", Patinkin told

title: Jason Gideon

text: named Donnie Mallick (Arye Gross), which prompts the BAU team to investigate Gideon's murder. During the flashbacks focusing on a young version of him for the episode which show him working at the BAU in 1978, he is played by Ben Savage. Jason Gideon Jason Gideon was a fictional character in the CBS crime drama "Criminal Minds", portrayed by Mandy Patinkin. Gideon was a Senior Supervisory Special Agent and the unit chief of the FBI's Behavioral Analysis Unit, and has appeared from the series' pilot episode "Extreme Aggressor," which was originally broadcast on September 22, 2005. He is also portrayed

title: Criminal Minds

text: series premiered in September 2005, it featured FBI agents Jason Gideon, Aaron Hotchner, Elle Greenaway, Derek Morgan, Spencer Reid, Jennifer "JJ" Jareau, and Penelope Garcia. For season 1, Garcia was not a main cast member but rather had a recurring role, although she appeared in most episodes. In 2006, at the start of season 2, Lola Glaudini announced her departure from the show, as she wanted to return home to New York City. Paget Brewster replaced her in the role of Emily Prentiss. At the start of season 3, Mandy Patinkin announced his departure from the show because he was

title: Jason Gideon

text: him to "think outside the box." Prior to the series, he was said to have had a "nervous breakdown" (or "major depressive episode") after he sent six agents into a warehouse with a bomb in it; all six agents and a hostage were killed, and he was heavily criticized about the event. He showed particular dislike for the practice of using religion as a defense or motivation for one's crimes. Gideon participated in some field operations during his time with the BAU and had the rest of his team "think outside the box" as well, as he made a major

title: 100 (Criminal Minds)

text: a section of the episode. In an early draft of the script for this episode, Hotchner was written to kill George Foyet with his own knife. However, Edward Allen Bernero and Thomas Gibson believed the scene would be more powerful if Hotch used his bare hands. Speaking about the 100th episode, showrunner Edward Allen Bernero said he wanted to revisit a question that was raised in the pilot of "Criminal Minds" "There's a question raised in the pilot episode of whether you can spend your time hunting monsters and not become a monster. We wanted to revisit that question 100

title: Jason Gideon

text: were killed, and he was heavily criticized about the event. He took a six-month medical leave because he was suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. Upon his return from medical leave, he was given the Senior Agent position, as Hotch was confirmed as Unit Chief. Not much is known about his personal life, other than he has a son named Stephen, with whom he was estranged because of his commitment to his job. Through the first two seasons, Gideon was portrayed to be very good at chess, winning against Agent Spencer Reid many times (only exception being Reid's birthday) and encouraging

title: Criminal Minds (season 4)

text: who breaks into Aaron Hotchner's apartment and seemingly shoots him. Hotch's fate is left unknown until the premiere of the following season. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Criminal Minds (season 4) The fourth season of "Criminal Minds" premiered on CBS on September 24, 2008, and ended May 20, 2009. In the season premiere "Mayhem", Sienna Guillory and Erik Palladino reprise as SSA Kate Joyner and Detective Cooper, respectively. Adoni Maropis guest-starred as Ben Abner, a member of the NYC Terrorist Cell who disguises as a paramedic, and Michael Steger guest-starred as Sam, another member of the cell. In the episode "The Angel Maker", Lauren

title: Criminal Minds

text: announced her departure from the show after the seventh season. She was replaced in the eighth season by Jeanne Tripplehorn, who played Alex Blake, a linguistics expert. Later in season nine, Paget Brewster made a special guest appearance, reprising her role as Emily Prentiss in the 200th episode. After two seasons, Tripplehorn was released from the show. Former "Ghost Whisperer" star Jennifer Love Hewitt joined the cast as Kate Callahan, a former undercover FBI agent who joins the BAU. During season 10, Jason Gideon was killed off-screen. Executive producer and showrunner Erica Messer said CBS and ABC Studios were fine

title: Gideon's Way

text: him for a while years ago when he put the job first and her second. They live in an expensive detached house in Tufnell Park. There was extensive location shooting in mid-'60s London, with fast-paced action and strong story lines, which made the series very popular in its day. The show was broadcast in the United States under the title "Gideon CID". There were different starting titles for the American series, showing incidents of violent crime while the British titles just introduced the main characters. The theme music was composed by Edwin Astley. In scoring the incidental music, Astley re-used

title: Criminal Minds (season 1)

text: make sure her son never finds out the truth of his parentage. Michael Massee guest-starred as Jacob Dawes, a serial killer who murdered several teenage girls. In the episode "Unfinished Business", Aaron Lustig guest-starred as Walter Kern, aka "The Keystone Killer", and Geoff Pierson guest-starred as Max Ryan, a retired FBI Agent who is determined to find the killer. In the episode "The Tribe", Chad Allen guest-starred as Jackson Cally, a cult leader who tortures and murders college students. In the episode "A Real Rain", Ethan Phillips guest-starred as schizophrenic vigilante killer Marvin Doyle. David Aaron Baker played Will Sykes,

title: Freddy Lounds

text: begins murdering the psychiatrists who attempted to treat him. Gideon lures Lounds into a trap by pretending to be one of those psychiatrists who wishes to be interviewed by her. Gideon instead shows Lounds the psychiatrist's dead body, and forces her to write an article about him. He also makes her assist as he surgically removes organs from still-conscious hospital psychiatrist Dr. Frederick Chilton (Raúl Esparza), with the intention of leaving a "gift basket" for the Ripper. When the FBI arrives at the scene, Gideon has fled, and Lounds must keep Chilton alive with a respirator. In season 2, Lounds

title: Jason Gideon

text: in Jane, who refuses to go with Frank. Gideon shows up and tells Frank about Sarah, Frank's mother, whom Gideon claims was a whore. As Gideon and Hotch describe Frank's mother, JJ and Reid locate Tracy, who is bound and gagged but alive and unharmed. Frank convinces Jane to come back to him, and the two commit suicide. Later, Tracy calls Gideon and thanks him for saving her once again. Gideon began to lose confidence in his profiling skills after Frank Breitkopf murdered his girlfriend, Sarah Jacobs. During his final case in Arizona ("Doubt," season 3), he further lost faith

title: Jason Gideon

text: in his abilities when his decision to release the unsub resulted in the deaths of both the unsub and a young woman. As a result of his actions, Aaron Hotchner was suspended, which was the final straw for Gideon. At the end of the following episode, "In Name and Blood," Reid visited Gideon's cabin but found only his gun and badge, along with a letter meant for Reid in which Gideon explained his desire to regain his belief in happy endings. Gideon was last seen entering a Nevada diner; asked by a waitress where he was going, he replied that

title: Freddy Lounds

text: he is one himself. Jack Crawford (Laurence Fishburne) and Dr. Alana Bloom (Caroline Dhavernas) make a deal with Lounds to write a story about Dr. Abel Gideon (Eddie Izzard), a patient at the Baltimore State Hospital for the Criminally Insane who has murdered a nurse. The murder was committed in a manner reminiscent of a serial killer called the Chesapeake Ripper, who hasn't been active in two years, the same number of years Gideon has been incarcerated. Hoping to provoke the real Ripper into making himself visible, Bloom and Crawford have Lounds write that Gideon is believed to be the

title: Criminal Minds (season 9)

text: much tougher character. "I've never had a chance to flex my acting muscles like this on the show!", said A. J. Cook. The season also featured the return of Paget Brewster and Jayne Atkinson for the 200th episode, which aired on February 5, 2014. On May 14, 2014, it was revealed at the end of the season finale that Alex Blake (Jeanne Tripplehorn) would be leaving the show. The entire main cast returned for the ninth season; however, Esai Morales replaced Jayne Atkinson as the new Section Chief for the FBI's Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU). <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Criminal Minds (season 9)

title: Criminal Minds (season 5)

text: and murdered her husband, attempted suicide twice. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Criminal Minds (season 5) The fifth season of "Criminal Minds" premiered on CBS on September 23, 2009 and ended May 26, 2010. Episode 18 was a pilot episode for the spin-off series "". In the season premiere "Nameless, Faceless", D. B. Sweeney guest-starred as Sam Kassmeyer, a U.S. Marshal who is assigned to protect Aaron Hotchner's family until George Foyet is caught. Christopher Cousins guest-starred as Dr. Tom Barton, a trauma surgeon whose son is targeted by the father of a teenage boy Barton tried to save. In the episode "Haunted",

title: Criminal Minds (season 2)

text: Criminal Minds (season 2) The second season of "Criminal Minds" premiered on CBS on September 20, 2006 and ended on May 16, 2007. Lola Glaudini left the show after six episodes and was replaced by Paget Brewster three episodes after while Kirsten Vangsness was promoted to series regular. In the season premiere "The Fisher King (Part II)", Jeff Marchelletta guest-starred as Elle Greenaway's deceased father, Robert, in a dream sequence while Elle is in surgery. In the episode "P911", Mary Page Keller guest-starred as Supervisory Special Agent Katherine Cole, a former BAU Agent who is now the Unit Chief of

title: 200 (Criminal Minds)

text: 200 (Criminal Minds) "200" is the fourteenth episode of the ninth season of the American police procedural crime drama television series "Criminal Minds", and is the 200th episode overall, which aired on CBS on February 5, 2014. The episode was written by Rick Dunkle and directed by Larry Teng. At the time of its initial release, the episode was watched by 12.92 million viewers and received mixed reviews but television critics praised A.J. Cook's performance. After being abducted at the end of the previous episode, JJ (A.J. Cook) finds herself being held against her will with a bag over her

title: Jason Gideon

text: In the season ten episode "Nelson's Sparrow", Gideon was murdered off-screen, having been shot dead at a close range by a serial killer named Donnie Mallick (Arye Gross), which prompts the BAU team to investigate Gideon's murder.  During the flashbacks focusing on a young version of him for the episode which show him working at the BAU in 1978, he is played by Ben Savage.

title: 100 (Criminal Minds)

text: 100 (Criminal Minds) "100" is the ninth episode of the fifth season of the American police procedural crime drama television series "Criminal Minds", and is the 100th episode overall, which aired on CBS on November 25, 2009. The episode was written by Bo Crese and directed by Edward Allen Bernero. This episode marks the final appearance of Meredith Monroe as Haley Hotchner, although Monroe reprised her role for one more time in the Season 9 episode "Route 66". At the time of its initial release, the episode was watched by 13.61 million viewers and received positive reviews with the television

title: Frederick Chilton

text: being absent. In both "The Silence of the Lambs" and "Red Dragon", he is played by Anthony Heald. In the TV series "Hannibal", a loose adaptation of the novels, Chilton is portrayed by Raúl Esparza. In this continuity, Chilton was originally a "dangerously incompetent" surgeon who switched his specialty to psychiatry after accidentally killing a patient. He first appears in the episode "Entrée", in which his patient Dr. Abel Gideon (Eddie Izzard) kills a nurse after Chilton unwittingly influences him into believing that he is the serial killer known as the Chesapeake Ripper. Gideon eventually learns the truth and suffers

title: Criminal Minds

text: Criminal Minds Criminal Minds is an American police procedural crime drama television series created and produced by Jeff Davis. It premiered on September 22, 2005 and has run for fourteen seasons on CBS. It tells the story of a group of behavioral profilers who work for the FBI as members of its Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU). The team focuses on profiling criminals, called the "unsub" or "unknown subject", as well as victimology, in investigation of crimes. The show follows the team as they work various cases and tackle their personal struggles. The show has an ensemble cast, with Jason Gideon

title: Criminal Minds (season 5)

text: Criminal Minds (season 5) The fifth season of "Criminal Minds" premiered on CBS on September 23, 2009 and ended May 26, 2010. Episode 18 was a pilot episode for the spin-off series "". In the season premiere "Nameless, Faceless", D. B. Sweeney guest-starred as Sam Kassmeyer, a U.S. Marshal who is assigned to protect Aaron Hotchner's family until George Foyet is caught. Christopher Cousins guest-starred as Dr. Tom Barton, a trauma surgeon whose son is targeted by the father of a teenage boy Barton tried to save. In the episode "Haunted", Sean Patrick Flanery guest-starred as Darren Call, a spree

title: Criminal Minds (season 3)

text: Criminal Minds (season 3) The third season of "Criminal Minds" premiered on CBS on September 26, 2007 and ended May 21, 2008. The third season was originally to have featured 25 episodes; however, only 13 were completed due to the Writers Guild of America strike (2007–08). Seven more episodes were produced after the strike, bringing the total number of episodes to 20 for the third season. Mandy Patinkin wanted to leave the series, since he loathed the violent nature of it. He was replaced by Joe Mantegna several episodes later. In the season premiere "Doubt", Shelly Cole guest-starred as Anna

title: Criminal Minds (season 4)

text: Criminal Minds (season 4) The fourth season of "Criminal Minds" premiered on CBS on September 24, 2008, and ended May 20, 2009. In the season premiere "Mayhem", Sienna Guillory and Erik Palladino reprise as SSA Kate Joyner and Detective Cooper, respectively. Adoni Maropis guest-starred as Ben Abner, a member of the NYC Terrorist Cell who disguises as a paramedic, and Michael Steger guest-starred as Sam, another member of the cell. In the episode "The Angel Maker", Lauren Bowles guest-starred as Chloe Kelcher, the copycat killer and love interest of Courtland Bryce Ryan, aka "The Angel Maker", played by Neil Hopkins.

title: Criminal Minds (season 9)

text: Criminal Minds (season 9) The ninth season of "Criminal Minds" premiered on CBS and CTV, on September 25, 2013. The series was officially renewed for a ninth season on May 9, 2013. The season consists of 24 episodes with the 200th episode being episode 14 of the season, and the finale on 14 May. This new season is said to reveal more on the past of Agent Jennifer "JJ" Jareau. "We're going to use the serendipitous gift of Season 6 to explain with flashbacks what happened when she was working for the Pentagon and why she came back as a

title: Criminal Minds (season 7)

text: a job as Chief of the Interpol office in London, which she accepts, causing her departure from the BAU. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Criminal Minds (season 7) The seventh season of "Criminal Minds" premiered on CBS in the United States on September 21, 2011. Both A. J. Cook and Paget Brewster were rehired by CBS to reprise their roles as Jennifer Jareau and Emily Prentiss. On February 15, 2012, "Deadline Hollywood" reported that Paget Brewster (Emily Prentiss) would leave the series, definitively, once season seven was over. All the other main actors on the show secured deals to return for the eighth season.

title: Criminal Minds (season 13)

text: that Daniel Henney (Matt Simmons) would join the cast this season as a series regular. "Criminal Minds" was renewed for a thirteenth season with an episode order of 22 episodes on April 7, 2017. The entire main cast from the previous season returned for the season, except Damon Gupton (Stephen Walker), who was fired from the show. Matthew Gray Gubler directed the seventeenth episode of the season and it was said to be "the spookiest episode of Season 13" and involved clowns. On August 10, 2017, it was revealed that Aisha Tyler will make her television directing debut and direct

title: Criminal Minds (season 7)

text: Criminal Minds (season 7) The seventh season of "Criminal Minds" premiered on CBS in the United States on September 21, 2011. Both A. J. Cook and Paget Brewster were rehired by CBS to reprise their roles as Jennifer Jareau and Emily Prentiss. On February 15, 2012, "Deadline Hollywood" reported that Paget Brewster (Emily Prentiss) would leave the series, definitively, once season seven was over. All the other main actors on the show secured deals to return for the eighth season. The two-hour season finale, which took place on May 16, 2012, reveals Prentiss making the decision to leave the BAU.

title: Jason Gideon

short_answers:
"Nelson's Sparrow"
Nelson's Sparrow


question: what does the ghost of christmas present sprinkle from his torch

answers: warmth

answers: a little warmth

title: Ghost of Christmas Present

text: Ghost of Christmas Present The Ghost of Christmas Present or The Spirit of Christmas Present is a fictional character in the work "A Christmas Carol" by novelist Charles Dickens. The Spirit closely resembles Father Christmas from local folklore. The Ghost of Christmas Present is the second of the three spirits (after the visitations by Jacob Marley and the Ghost of Christmas Past) that haunt the miser Ebenezer Scrooge, in order to prompt him to repent. He shows Scrooge how other people, especially those he knows, celebrate Christmas in order to show the reader what people think of Scrooge behind his

title: Ghost of Christmas Past

text: cold-hearted miser. According to Dickens' novel, the Ghost of Christmas Past appears to Scrooge as a white-robed, androgynous figure of indeterminate age. It has on its head a blinding light, reminiscent of a candle flame, and carries a metal cap, made in the shape of a candle extinguisher. The ghost is often portrayed as a woman in dramatic adaptations of the story: After showing up in Scrooge's house, the Ghost of Christmas Past takes his hand and flies with him over London. It first shows Scrooge his old boarding school, where he stayed alone, but for his books, while his

title: Ghost of Christmas Present

text: already aged, reveals that he will only exist on Earth for a "very brief" time, implied to be that single Christmas holiday. He finally disappears at the stroke of midnight on Twelfth Night, and leaves Scrooge to face the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, as it approaches "like a mist along the ground". Hearn, Michael P. (1989). "The Annotated Christmas Carol" by Charles Dickens; illustrated by John Leach; with an introduction, notes and bibliography by Michael Patrick Hearn. New York: Avenel Books. . Ghost of Christmas Present The Ghost of Christmas Present or The Spirit of Christmas Present is

title: Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come

text: finds that he is back in the present on Christmas morning. Along with the visions supplied by the other spirits, the ghost's warnings about Scrooge's future transform him into a better man. Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come The Ghost of Christmas Yet-to-Come, also known as The Ghost of Christmas Future, sometimes The Spirit of Christmas Future or The Spirit of Christmas Yet-to-Come or The Ghost of Christmas Yet-to-Be, is a fictional character in English novelist Charles Dickens's "A Christmas Carol". It is the third and final spirit to visit the miser Ebenezer Scrooge on Christmas Eve. The spirit closely

title: A Christmas Carol (1999 film)

text: to change his ways just as the Ghost disappears. The grave opens, and Scrooge sees his dead self lying in a coffin. He falls into the grave, then clings to his own dead body as he falls through the earth into Hell. Awakening in his bedroom on Christmas Day, Scrooge finds the ghosts had visited him all in one night instead of three. Gleeful at having survived the spirits, Scrooge decides to surprise Bob's family with a turkey dinner, and ventures out with the charity workers and the citizens of London to spread happiness in the city. The following day,

title: Ghost of Christmas Present

text: back. When he first appears before Scrooge, he invites him to "come in and know me better, man". According to Dickens' novel, the Ghost of Christmas Present appears to Scrooge as "a jolly giant" with dark brown curls. He wears a fur-lined green robe and on his head a holly wreath set with shining icicles. He carries a large torch, made to resemble a cornucopia, and appears accompanied by a great feast. He states that he has had "more than eighteen hundred" brothers and later reveals the ability to change his size to fit into any space. He also bears

title: A Christmas Carol (2006 film)

text: cricket, the Ghost of Christmas Past is a stork, the Ghost of Christmas Present is a kangaroo and the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come is a walrus. This version differs from the original novel in many ways; for example, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come actually speaks, while most other versions have him mute. Tiny Tim doesn't die in the possible future revealed to Scrooge, but instead becomes as miserly as he is and Jacob Marley is said to be dead 2 years, unlike the original novel in which he was dead for 7 years. We also see

title: Ghost of Christmas Past

text: bedroom, where he very quickly fell asleep. Various adaptations have added to the history shown by the Ghost. For example, in a 1984 film version of "A Christmas Carol", the spirit shows Scrooge an encounter between him and his unloving father, in which his father tells him that he has arranged an apprenticeship for young Scrooge, and that the boy's much longed-for homecoming is only to last three days. Other significant variations over time have included the following: Ghost of Christmas Past The Ghost of Christmas Past or The Spirit of Christmas Past is a fictional character in the work

title: A Christmas Carol (2004 film)

text: that contains his arm because he "never lent a hand". The Ghost of Christmas Past (Jane Krakowski) sings "The Lights of Long Ago", a number reinforcing her signature theme of illuminating Scrooge's worldview. One notable departure from Dickens' novella in this portion of the film is its depiction of Ebenezer Scrooge's father, identified as John William Scrooge, being sentenced to debtors' prison while his horrified family looks on (a scene inspired by events from Dickens' own childhood). The Ghost of Christmas Present gets two numbers, "Abundance and Charity" and "Christmas Together", in which he makes his point that Christmas is

title: Santa Claus

text: December to coincide with Christmas Day. The Victorian revival of Christmas included Father Christmas as the emblem of 'good cheer'. His physical appearance was variable, with one famous image being John Leech's illustration of the "Ghost of Christmas Present" in Charles Dickens's festive classic "A Christmas Carol" (1843), as a great genial man in a green coat lined with fur who takes Scrooge through the bustling streets of London on the current Christmas morning, sprinkling the essence of Christmas onto the happy populace. In the Netherlands and Belgium the character of Santa Claus has to compete with that of Sinterklaas,

title: Mickey's Christmas Carol

text: the weasels leave, Scrooge asks whose grave this belongs to. The ghost lights a cigar, revealing his face (he was actually Pete) and darkly remarks "Why yours, Ebenezer Scrooge; the richest man in the cemetery". The ghost shoves him into his empty coffin which opens to reveal the fires of Hell, laughing uproariously while Scrooge vows to repent. Awakening in his bedroom on Christmas Day, Scrooge decides to surprise Bob’s family with a turkey dinner and ventures out to spread happiness and joy around London. He accepts Fred's invitation, then donates a sizable amount of money to the gentlemen he

title: Nan's Christmas Carol

text: to her house when she was a little girl. They see her mother putting her to bed to be ready for Father Christmas. She leaves him out a mince pie and a glass of milk. In the morning, Father Christmas left the younger Joannie a tangerine. She opens her mouth and "Nan" is born. Then he takes Joannie to the 1950s when she sees her and Jake failing to arrange a date together. Then he takes her to the 1970s, where Joannie and Jake are very unhappily married. The next ghost to appear is the Ghost of Christmas Present (David

title: Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come

text: be a cheap funeral, if anyone comes at all. One businessman said he would go – but only if lunch is provided. Next, Scrooge is shown the same dead person's belongings being stolen by Scrooge's charwoman Mrs. Dilber, Scrooge's laundress, and the local undertaker and sold to a fence called Old Joe. He also sees a shrouded corpse, which he implores the Ghost not to unmask. Scrooge asks the ghost to show anyone who feels any emotion over the man's death. The ghost can only show him a poor couple indebted to the man momentarily rejoicing that the man is

title: Haunted Mansion Holiday

text: Halloween town, but covered in snow. An immense, dead Christmas tree is in the middle of the room, with glowing skull and jack-o-lantern ornaments and ascending and desscending spider ornaments. Ghosts dance right through the tree while a ghost organist plays Kidnap the Sandy Claws as a waltz. In the Attic, all of Jack's presents have been stored. Ghastly, glowing presents lie about the room, jack-in-the-boxes popping up to scare passing guests. A snake, having eaten some presents, sits with Jack's Naughty and Nice list hanging out of its mouth. The Graveyard has been completely covered in snow and the

title: Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come

text: Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come The Ghost of Christmas Yet-to-Come, also known as The Ghost of Christmas Future, sometimes The Spirit of Christmas Future or The Spirit of Christmas Yet-to-Come or The Ghost of Christmas Yet-to-Be, is a fictional character in English novelist Charles Dickens's "A Christmas Carol". It is the third and final spirit to visit the miser Ebenezer Scrooge on Christmas Eve. The spirit closely resembles the Grim Reaper. Scrooge finds the Ghost of Christmas Future the most fearsome of the Spirits; it appears to Scrooge as a figure entirely muffled in a black hooded cloak, except

title: A Christmas Carol (2009 film)

text: an employee under Fezziwig, and he becomes engaged to a woman named Belle. However, the Ghost shows Scrooge how Belle left him when he became obsessed with wealth. A devastated Scrooge extinguishes the spirit with its candle snuffer cap but Scrooge is rocketed thousands of feet into the air while clinging onto the snuffer, only to have it disappear, resulting in Scrooge falling down to earth, back into his bedroom for the next visitation. Next, Scrooge meets the merry Ghost of Christmas Present, who shows him the joys and wonder of Christmas Day. Scrooge and the Ghost visit Bob's house,

title: A Christmas Carol (1984 film)

text: Belle left him when he chose his wealth over her. A distraught Scrooge puts out the spirit with its cap as he returns to the present. At two o'clock, Scrooge meets the Ghost of Christmas Present, who shows him the joys and wonder of Christmas Day. Scrooge and the Ghost visit Bob's house, learning his family is surprisingly content with their small dinner, Scrooge taking pity on Tim. Scrooge and the spirit go to a desolate street, where the latter disappears, warning Scrooge about the evils of "Ignorance" and "Want". The Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come arrives, appearing as

title: The Christmas Candle (book)

text: he went on a drunken reck and with his friends ridden a wagon over a cliff killing one of his friends and how Richmond would spend the rest of his life regretting, it so Edward gives him a candle out of sympathy. When the villagers all gather for church on Christmas Eve the villagers who were given a candle received a miracle each, then suddenly a man bursts into the church saying a girl and her baby are in trouble near a bridge. Edward and the reverend run to the bridge, but Richmond falls in the stream and tells Edward

title: Mickey's Christmas Carol

text: with their small dinner. Scrooge takes pity on Bob's ill son Tiny Tim (Mortie Mouse). The Ghost remarks "If present shadows remain unchanged, I see an empty chair where Tiny Tim once sat", then disappears. Smoke fills the streets, revealing the Ghost of Christmas Future, who appears as a silent, cloaked figure; the Ghost takes Scrooge to a future cemetery, where Scrooge is shocked to see Bob and his wife (Minnie Mouse) mourning Tiny Tim's grave. He then overhears two weasel gravediggers who are amused that no one attended the funeral of the man whose grave they are digging. After

title: Ghost of Christmas Present

title: A Christmas Carol (2004 film)

text: is stronger than his affection for her. In a final tragic moment, Marley himself suddenly falls ill in their counting house on Christmas Eve, dying in Scrooge's arms. At the stroke of Two, the Ghost of Christmas Present--who resembles the barker selling tickets--haunts Scrooge and shows him how others keep the spirit of the season ("Abundance and Charity"). He first transports him to a joyous Christmas pageant, where dancers and singers describe the pleasures found in the Yuletide; the lessons seem to be affecting Scrooge, as he joins in the pageant and gives young Grace Smythe (who is in the

title: A Diva's Christmas Carol

text: to add to her own wealth. Because of it, Marli is still earthbound and in chains, and warns Ebony of a similar doom. Marli tells her that she will be visited by three spirits: Ghost of Christmas Past, Ghost of Christmas Present, and Ghost of Christmas Yet To Come, who will hopefully turn Ebony's life around. The Ghost of Christmas Past (Kathy Griffin) shows Ebony her tragic past with her abusive alcoholic father, and how she became the cold person she is today because of it. The only person that made her feel loved was her brother, Ronnie, and even

title: Mister Magoo's Christmas Carol

text: Blessing"). The Ghost warns Scrooge that Cratchit's young son Tiny Tim, who is sickly, will not survive until next Christmas if things do not change. The Ghost of Christmas Past visits Scrooge next and takes him back to his boyhood, where Scrooge was a lonely schoolboy ("Alone in the World"). The Ghost also shows him Belle, a woman he had a relationship with before she left him due to his desire for money ("Winter Was Warm"). Scrooge encounters the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come and is shown a vision of the future, where an unloved man has recently died.

title: Ghost of Christmas Present

text: emaciated children, subhuman in appearance and loathsome to behold, clinging to his robes, and names the boy as "Ignorance" and the girl as "Want". The spirit warns Scrooge, "Beware them both, and all of their degree, but most of all beware this boy, for on his brow I see that written which is Doom unless the writing be erased". The spirit once again quotes Scrooge, who asks if the grotesque children have "no refuge, no resource", and the spirit retorts with more of Scrooge's own words: "Are there no prisons? Are there no workhouses?" The Ghost of Christmas Present, having

title: A Christmas Carol

text: A Christmas Carol A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843 and illustrated by John Leech. "A Christmas Carol" recounts the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, an elderly miser who is visited by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the spirits of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come. After their visits, Scrooge is transformed into a kinder, gentler man. Dickens wrote "A Christmas Carol" during a period when the British were

title: A Ghost Story for Christmas

text: 50 minutes in duration, and features well-known British actors such as Clive Swift, Robert Hardy, Peter Vaughan, Edward Petherbridge and Denholm Elliott. The first five are adaptations of ghost stories by M. R. James, the sixth is based on a short story by Charles Dickens, and the two final instalments are original screenplays by Clive Exton and John Bowen respectively. The stories were titled "A Ghost Story for Christmas" in listings such as the "Radio Times", although this never appeared on screen, where they were regarded as individual films. An earlier black-and-white adaptation of M. R. James's "Whistle and I'll

title: A Christmas Carol (2009 film)

text: The spirit transports Scrooge to Bob's residence, discovering that Tiny Tim has died. Scrooge is then taken to a cemetery, where the Ghost points out his own grave, confirming Scrooge was the man who died. Scrooge promises to change his ways just as the Ghost forces him to fall into his empty coffin lying in a deep grave that sits above the fires of Hell. Waking up in his own room on Christmas Day, with love and happiness in his heart, a gleeful Scrooge decides to surprise Bob's family with a turkey dinner, and ventures out with the charity workers

title: A Christmas Carol (1938 film)

text: home. Despite wearing a cheery manner for his family's sake, Bob is deeply troubled by the loss of his job, though he confides in no one except his daughter Martha. The spirit hints that Bob's youngest son, Tim, will die of a crippling illness by the same time next year if things do not change. At three o'clock, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come arrives, appearing as a silent, cloaked figure. The spirit shows Scrooge what will happen if he does not change. Scrooge discovers Tiny Tim is dead and his family mourns for him. Scrooge also discovers that

title: A Christmas Carol (1938 film)

text: the ghost of his deceased business partner, Jacob Marley, who warns Scrooge to repent his wicked ways or he will be condemned in the afterlife as Marley was. He tells Scrooge he will be haunted by three spirits. At one o'clock, Scrooge is visited by the youthful Ghost of Christmas Past, who takes him back in time to his early life. Scrooge is shown his unhappiness when he was left to spend the holidays alone at school, and his joy when his sister, Fran, came to take him home for Christmas. The spirit reminds Scrooge that Fran, dead for some

title: The Ghosts of Christmas

text: The Ghosts of Christmas "The Ghost of Christmas" is a song by the Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers. It was released during Christmas time as a gift to fans of the band. Manics bassist Nicky Wire announced the release with the following message: "Here we go - a Manics Christmas tour is upon us. A fine and worthy tradition - To celebrate this season of goodwill we will be giving away our Christmas single 'The Ghosts of Christmas' on our website, and newsletter, from 1 December completely free. So to anyone who has bought our records, seen our gigs,

title: Ghost of Christmas Present

long_answer: The spirit transports Scrooge around the city, showing him scenes of festivity and also deprivation that are happening as they watch, sprinkling a little warmth from his torch as he travels. Amongst the visits are Scrooge's nephew, and the family of his impoverished clerk, Bob Cratchit. Scrooge takes an interest in Cratchit's desperately-ill son, Tiny Tim, and asks the Ghost if Tim will live. The Ghost first states that "If these shadows remain unaltered by the Future, the child will die," and then – quick to use Scrooge's past heartless comments to two charitable solicitors against him – states, "What then? If he be like to die, he had better do it, and decrease the surplus population." The spirit then warns Scrooge to "forebear that wicked tongue until you have discovered for yourself what the surplus is, and where it is." and chillingly tells him "It may be, that in the sight of heaven, you are more worthless and less fit to live than MILLIONS like this poor man's child."

short_answers:
a little warmth
warmth


question: who won the 2018 women's royal rumble match

answers: Asuka

title: Royal Rumble (2018)

text: beat him. The main event was the first-ever 30-woman Royal Rumble match for a women's championship match at WrestleMania 34. Sasha Banks and Becky Lynch were the first and second entrants, respectively. There were numerous surprise entrants throughout the match - including Hall of Famers Lita, Jacqueline, Beth Phoenix, and Trish Stratus; NXT wrestlers Kairi Sane and NXT Women's Champion Ember Moon; and past stars Torrie Wilson, Molly Holly, Michelle McCool (who scored the most eliminations at 5), Vickie Guerrero, and Kelly Kelly. SmackDown's Nikki Bella, who had been on hiatus since WrestleMania 33, and her free agent twin sister

title: Royal Rumble (2018)

text: women on the main rosters, Raw Commissioner Stephanie McMahon scheduled the first-ever women's Royal Rumble match for the 2018 Royal Rumble, with the winner receiving a match at WrestleMania 34 for the top championship of their choice: Raw's Women's Championship or SmackDown's Women's Championship. Both brands' respective commissioners and general managers agreed that the women's match would have all of the same rules as the men's match, including having 30 participants. Stephanie was announced to join the commentary team for the women's match, and television host Maria Menounos was announced to be the special guest ring announcer.<ref name="pre-show/event additions"></ref> At

title: Royal Rumble (2018)

text: women's Royal Rumble match, which was also the second women's match to main event a WWE pay-per-view, and the first to main event one of WWE's "Big Four" pay-per-views. The men's Royal Rumble match was won by Shinsuke Nakamura. Other prominent matches included Brock Lesnar retaining the Universal Championship in a triple threat match against Braun Strowman and Kane, and AJ Styles retained the WWE Championship against Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn in a handicap match. The event was also notable for the surprise debut of former UFC star Ronda Rousey following the women's match, officially confirming that she had

title: Royal Rumble (2018)

text: signed full-time with WWE. As is tradition, the winner of the 30-man Royal Rumble match earned a world championship match at WrestleMania 34 for his choice of either Raw's Universal Championship or SmackDown's WWE Championship. The event also hosted the first-ever 30-woman Royal Rumble, in which the winner earned a women's championship match at WrestleMania 34 for her choice of either Raw's Women's Championship or SmackDown's Women's Championship. The card consisted of nine matches, including three on the pre-show, that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and

title: Clash of Champions (2017)

text: Roode, who defeated Jinder Mahal in the tournament final on the January 16, 2018 episode. Other participants of the tournament included former champion Baron Corbin, Tye Dillinger, Xavier Woods, Aiden English, Mojo Rawley, and Zack Ryder. On the December 18 episode of "Raw", Raw Commissioner Stephanie McMahon announced that the 2018 Royal Rumble would feature the first-ever women's Royal Rumble match. On "SmackDown", SmackDown Women's Champion Charlotte Flair first addressed her victory over Natalya at Clash of Champions, then said that she would be waiting for the winner of the women's Royal Rumble match at WrestleMania 34. Naomi came out

title: Michelle McCool

text: and WWE Hall of Famers Jacqueline and Trish Stratus. Few days later, McCool competed in the inaugural women's royal rumble match at the 2018 Royal Rumble where she entered at number 14, lasting 8:38, where she scored the most eliminations in the match with five before being eliminated by her long–time rival Natalya. In October, McCool took part of the all women's pay–per–view, WWE Evolution where she participated in a battle royal but she was eliminated from the match by Ember Moon. During the week of November 5, 2007, she appeared on six episodes of "Family Feud" with several other

title: Royal Rumble (2018)

text: Universal Championship match at the Royal Rumble. After Survivor Series, several women from NXT were promoted to the main rosters of both Raw and SmackDown. On the November 20, 2017 episode of "Raw", Paige, who had been out with an injury since June 2016, returned along with the debuts of NXT's Mandy Rose and Sonya Deville, forming the heel group Absolution, while similarly on the November 21 episode of "SmackDown", NXT's Ruby Riott, Liv Morgan, and Sarah Logan debuted and formed the heel group The Riott Squad. On the December 18, 2017 episode of "Raw", with a larger roster of

title: Elimination Chamber (2018)

text: the inaugural women's Royal Rumble match the previous night at the Royal Rumble, to wait until after Elimination Chamber to pick which championship to challenge for at WrestleMania 34, as Raw Women's Champion Alexa Bliss was scheduled to defend her title in the first-ever women's Elimination Chamber match. The following week, General Manager Kurt Angle announced that Bayley, Mandy Rose, Mickie James, Sasha Banks, and Sonya Deville would be the other competitors in the match. Bliss came out and questioned Angle as to why she had to defend her title in the Elimination Chamber match while Universal Champion Brock Lesnar

title: Survivor Series (2017)

text: being attacked by the returning Paige and the debuts of NXT’s Mandy Rose & Sonya Deville, who would later be known as Absolution. On the December 18 episode of "Raw", the first women's Royal Rumble match, involving wrestlers from both Raw and SmackDown, was scheduled for the 2018 Royal Rumble. On the following episode of "SmackDown", SmackDown Commissioner Shane McMahon addressed Survivor Series. He stated that despite their loss, SmackDown would no longer be considered the B-show. He then called out Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn and was about to fire them for the attack at Survivor Series, when General

title: Women in WWE

text: Naomi, Becky Lynch, Natalya and the Smackdown Women's Champion Charlotte forming The Riott Squad. Stephanie McMahon announced on December 18 that at Royal Rumble (2018) there would be the first ever female Royal Rumble match. Beth Phoenix returned to the company as a on-air commentator for a new half hour web series show called "WWE Mixed Match Challenge", a tournament made up exclusively of mixed tag-teams. Terri Runnels, Jacqueline, Lilian Garcia, Torrie Wilson, Trish Stratus, Michelle McCool, and Kelly Kelly would also return to the company by making special appearances for the company's 25th anniversary of "Raw"; this marked the

title: Royal Rumble (2019)

text: Royal Rumble (2019) Royal Rumble (2019) is an upcoming professional wrestling pay-per-view event and WWE Network event produced by WWE for their Raw and SmackDown brands. It will take place on January 27, 2019, at Chase Field in Phoenix, Arizona. It is the thirty-second event under the Royal Rumble chronology. As is tradition, the winner of the men's and women's Royal Rumble matches will earn a world championship match at WrestleMania 35. The men will for either Raw's Universal Championship or SmackDown's WWE Championship. The women either the Raw or SmackDown Women's Championship. The card will include matches that result

title: Royal Rumble match

text: match three different times—first as Cactus Jack, then as Mankind and finally as Dude Love. The 2018 Royal Rumble was the first to include a women's Royal Rumble match, contested under the same rules as the men's match, including having 30 participants. According to the rules, participants are match eliminated if moved over the top rope and both feet touch the floor. Hence, a wrestler who exits the ring without going over the top rope is not eliminated from the contest. For example, during the 1999 match both Vince McMahon and Stone Cold Steve Austin left the ring only to

title: Royal Rumble (2018)

text: Rusev, who was unsuccessful in winning the title. Also following the Royal Rumble, SmackDown General Manager Daniel Bryan revealed the first-ever "SmackDown Top Ten List" as voted on by the SmackDown roster to see who the wrestlers thought should get a title opportunity. This played into a storyline between Roode, who ranked 5th, Randy Orton, who ranked 9th, and Jinder Mahal, who did not rank, resulting in SmackDown Commissioner Shane McMahon scheduling Roode to defend the U.S. Championship against Orton at Fastlane. In the women's division, SmackDown Women's Champion Charlotte Flair praised the first-ever women's Royal Rumble match, but wished

title: History of WWE

text: and Sami Zayn in a tag team match. Bobby Lashley made his return to the WWE on the following episode of Raw. At the Greatest Royal Rumble, Braun Strowman won the 50-men Royal Rumble match, the largest royal rumble match in history, where he would receive the inaugural Greatest Royal Rumble Championship belt as well as a trophy. At the 2018 SummerSlam event, Roman Reigns defeated Brock Lesnar to win the WWE Universal Championship. However two months later Reigns vacated the title due to Leukemia. In October 2018, WWE held their first all women's pay per view WWE Evolution, which

title: Bayley (wrestler)

text: WrestleMania Women's Battle Royal, where she made it to the final two. She would pay Banks back for the Royal Rumble and Elimination Chamber by eliminating her, but she was eliminated by winner Naomi. On the April 16 episode of Raw, during the first day of the 2018 WWE Superstar Shake-up, Bayley fought Banks to a no contest after interference from the Riott Squad (Ruby Riott, Sarah Logan and Liv Morgan), who had recently been traded to the Raw brand. The following week, despite the tension between the two, Bayley would team with Banks in a 10-woman tag team match,

title: Royal Rumble (2018)

text:
announced as the #10 entrant, but was attacked backstage by Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn, resulting in Zayn taking his spot.
 (**) - Heath Slater spent significant time outside of the ring before officially entering the Rumble, due to being attacked by Baron Corbin and other wrestlers.
 (***) - WWE.com's official website lists Sheamus' time to be 20 seconds, but they have otherwise stated 2 seconds. Brand (*) - Kairi Sane was a last minute replacement for Alicia Fox, who was originally scheduled to participate in the match, but got injured just prior to the event. Royal Rumble (2018) Royal

title: Liv Morgan

text: Morgan participated in the first women's Royal Rumble match at the Royal Rumble pay-per-view as the eleventh entrant, but was eliminated by Michelle McCool. On April 16, The Riott Squad were drafted to Raw, as part of the 2018 Superstar Shake-Up and caused the match between Bayley and Sasha Banks to end in a no contest. On the September 24 episode of "Raw", Morgan was legitimately knocked unconscious by Brie Bella when Bella was doing Yes Kicks when two of them connected to her head, Morgan would continue for a bit before being taken out of the match. On September

title: Alexa Bliss

text: the first woman to have won both the Raw and SmackDown Women's titles in WWE. In February 2018, she won the first-ever women's Elimination Chamber match. She won the 2018 Money in the Bank ladder match and cashed in the contract later that night to win her third Raw Women's Championship, becoming a five-time overall champion. Kaufman was born in Columbus, Ohio. She has been involved in sports since the age of five, competing in softball, track, kickboxing and gymnastics. In cheerleading, she performed with Hilliard Davidson High School and she reached Division I status in college at the University

title: The Authority (professional wrestling)

text: as The Authority during this time. Following the inaugural women's Royal Rumble match at the 2018 Royal Rumble, former UFC star Ronda Rousey made an appearance, confirming she had signed full-time with WWE, and would sign her Raw contract at Elimination Chamber. At the event, Raw General Manager Kurt Angle, Stephanie, and Triple H introduced Rousey. Triple H confirmed that there were no special stipulations in Rousey's contract, but Rousey would have her debut match at WrestleMania 34. Angle, who Stephanie previously threatened to fire and who Triple H had turned on back at Survivor Series, then brought up the

title: Royal Rumble (2018)

title: Royal Rumble (2017)

text: record the following week; Charlotte faced Bayley in another non-title match, but this time with Dana Brooke as guest referee, who gave a fast three count to give Charlotte the victory. On the January 2, 2017 episode, Bayley defeated Nia Jax due to a distraction by Sasha Banks to become the number one contender for the Raw Women's Championship at the Royal Rumble. Backstage the following week, Charlotte and Nia attacked Bayley and Sasha and later defeated them in a tag team match. On the January 16 episode, Charlotte tried to embarrass Bayley by showing old pictures and poems of

title: Carmella (wrestler)

text: she won the second match with the help of Ellsworth. In November, Carmella ended her association with Ellsworth after he lost to Becky Lynch in an intergender match. On January 28, 2018, at the Royal Rumble, Carmella participated in the first women's Royal Rumble match, where she entered at number 17, lasting over 18 minutes before being eliminated by Nikki Bella. She then appeared in the first WrestleMania Women's Battle Royal at WrestleMania 34, but was the first woman eliminated from the match by Sonya Deville. After 287 days (the longest period for a wrestler to hold the contract) and

title: Royal Rumble (2011)

text: match for the WWE Divas Championship between Eve Torres, Natalya, Layla, and Michelle McCool, which Torres won to win the championship. The pay-per-view featured the annual Royal Rumble match, which has been featured at every Royal Rumble event since its inception. However, for the first and only time in the history of the event, the Royal Rumble match featured 40 wrestlers instead of the usual number of 30. The same rules implied regardless of the number of entrants; the match ends when one wrestler remains in the ring, after all 39 other wrestlers have been eliminated via being tossed over

title: Royal Rumble (2017)

text: Championship. Subsequently, Alexa avoided a rematch against Lynch but lost a non-title match against "newcomer" La Luchadora, who made the champion submit to the "Dis-arm-her" and then unmasked as Lynch. Over the next few weeks, an unknown villainess dressed as La Luchadora began to aid Alexa in matches against Lynch, including her successful title defense in a steel cage match in the main event of the January 17, 2017 episode of "SmackDown", where La Luchadora was unmasked as the returning Mickie James. The following week, Mickie James explained that she became forgotten due to the Women's Revolution; Lynch then came

title: Charlotte Flair

text: in 2015, quickly winning the Divas Championship. In 2016, she was crowned the inaugural WWE Women's Champion (which later became the Raw Women's Championship when the brand split was reintroduced). Her match against Sasha Banks at Hell in a Cell in October 2016 was the first match featuring women to headline a WWE pay-per-view event. Together in 2016, they also main evented "Raw" in a singles match in October and November 2016 (the first for a women's match since 2004) and became the first women to win the "PWI" award for Feud of the Year. They also set the new

title: Beth Phoenix

text: April 3, 2018, Phoenix acted as color commentator on "WWE Mixed Match Challenge", commenting the tournament each week alongside Michael Cole and Corey Graves. On January 28, 2018 at the Royal Rumble event, she entered the first ever woman's Royal Rumble match as a competitor, making her the first and currently only person to appear in both a men's and women's Royal Rumble. She entered at number 24 and lasted over two minutes before being eliminated by Natalya. She then appeared as commentator for the WrestleMania Women's Battle Royal at WrestleMania 34. She returned as commentator for the 2018 Mae

title: Elimination Chamber (2018)

text: the Raw brand. Storylines were produced on WWE's weekly television show "Monday Night Raw". The card was highlighted by two Elimination Chamber matches, one of which was the first to involve women, and the men's chamber match was the first to have seven participants. At the Royal Rumble, Shinsuke Nakamura won the men's Royal Rumble match and decided to stay on SmackDown to challenge for the WWE Championship at WrestleMania 34. This left Brock Lesnar, who at the same event retained his Universal Championship in a triple threat match against Braun Strowman and Kane, without an opponent at WrestleMania. In

title: Royal Rumble (2017)

text: Sasha Banks. Jax performed a pop-up Samoan drop on Banks for the win. The actual pay-per-view opened with Charlotte Flair defending the Raw Women's Championship against Bayley. In the end, Charlotte performed a Natural Selection on Bayley onto the ring apron and pinned her to retain the title. Next, Kevin Owens defended the WWE Universal Championship against Roman Reigns in a No-Disqualification match, with United States Champion Chris Jericho suspended above the ring in a shark cage. Outside the ring, Owens performed a frog splash on Reigns through a table and scored a near-fall. Jericho threw a pair of brass

title: Royal Rumble match

text: Royal Rumble. Only wrestlers with at least 10 appearances are shown. As of the 2018 Greatest Royal Rumble. ^Only wrestler to appear in both the male and female Royal Rumbles. As of 2018, there has been only one women's Royal Rumble. Only the top ten times are shown. Note that bold indicates the winner of that year's match. As of 2018, there has been only one women's Royal Rumble. Only the top ten times are shown. Only wrestlers with at least three eliminations are shown. Note that bold indicates the winner of that year's match Highest number of wrestlers working

title: Royal Rumble match

text: receive a title opportunity of their choice for a women's championship, either the Raw or SmackDown Women's Championship. Due to free agents, Hall of Famers and wrestlers from the NXT brand also participating, there has not been an even division of wrestlers (in either the men's or women's Rumbles) between Raw and SmackDown since the second brand extension went into effect. WWE's top championship has been booked as on the line during the Royal Rumble match on two occasions. In 1992, the vacant WWF Championship was contested in the 1992 Royal Rumble match (eventually won by Ric Flair) while in

title: Royal Rumble (2018)

long_answer: Nine matches were contested at the event, including three on the pre-show. In the main event, Asuka won the first-ever women's Royal Rumble match, which was also the second women's match to main event a WWE pay-per-view, and the first to main event one of WWE's "Big Four" pay-per-views. The men's Royal Rumble match was won by Shinsuke Nakamura. Other prominent matches included Brock Lesnar retaining the Universal Championship in a triple threat match against Braun Strowman and Kane, and AJ Styles retained the WWE Championship against Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn in a handicap match. The event was also notable for the surprise appearance of former UFC star Ronda Rousey following the women's match, officially confirming that she had signed full-time with WWE.


question: where was part of the classic surfing movie endless summer filmed

answers: Ghana

answers: Hawaii

answers: Nigeria

answers: Tahiti

answers: Australia

answers: New Zealand

answers: Senegal

answers: South Africa

title: The Endless Summer II

text: The Endless Summer II The Endless Summer II is a 1994 film directed by Bruce Brown and is a sequel to his 1966 film "The Endless Summer". In "The Endless Summer II", surfers Pat O'Connell and Robert "Wingnut" Weaver retrace the steps of Mike Hynson and Robert August. It shows the growth and evolution of the surfing scene since the first film, which presented only classic longboard surfing. O'Connell rides a shortboard, which was developed in the time between the two movies, and there are scenes of windsurfing and bodyboarding. The film illustrates how far surfing had spread, with footage

title: Pat O'Connell (surfer)

text: Pat O'Connell (surfer) Patrick O'Connell (born 1971) is a surfer and star alongside Robert "Wingnut" Weaver in Bruce Brown's "The Endless Summer II". Born in Chicago in 1971, O'Connell moved to Newport Beach and then Dana Point in the early 1980s where he was a member of the Dana Hills High surf team. In 1990, O'Connell represented the United States in the World Amateur Championships in Japan, winning the first event and finishing ninth overall in the Open Division also winning two PSAA events. He gained celebrity status when he took one of the lead roles in Bruce Brown's remake

title: Bruce Brown

text: Bruce Brown Bruce Alan Brown (December 1, 1937 – December 10, 2017) was an American documentary film director, known as an early pioneer of the surf film. He was the father of filmmaker Dana Brown. Brown's films include "Slippery When Wet" (1958), "Surf Crazy" (1959), "Barefoot Adventure" (1960), "Surfing Hollow Days" (1961), "Waterlogged" (1962), and his best known film, "The Endless Summer" (1966), which received nationwide theatrical release in 1966. Considered among the most influential in the genre, "The Endless Summer" follows surfers Mike Hynson and Robert August around the world. Thirty years later, Brown filmed "The Endless Summer II"

title: Dana Brown

text: Dana Brown Dana Brown (born December 11, 1959 in Dana Point, California) is an American surfer and filmmaker, and is the oldest son of filmmaker Bruce Brown. His films include "The Endless Summer Revisited" (2000) which is made up of unused footage from "The Endless Summer" (1964) and "The Endless Summer II" (1994), as well as some original interviews with the stars of those films. His first all-original film was "Step Into Liquid" (2003) followed by a documentary on the Baja 1000 titled "Dust to Glory" (2005). In 2009, he debuted a new film called "Highwater" during the 100th anniversary

title: Robert August

text: Robert August Robert August (born 1945) is an American surfer and surfboard shaper. Raised in Seal Beach, California, he attended Huntington Beach High School where he was ASB President his senior year. He is most famous as one of the subjects of Bruce Brown's 1966 surf documentary "The Endless Summer", along with his friend Mike Hynson. The film follows the two around the world pursuing their hobby during the California offseason, meeting other surfers and discussing surf culture. August picked up surfing in the 1950s, when the sport's popularity had just begun to grow. His father, Blackie August, was also

title: Robert August

text: a noted surfer. His enthusiasm and his involvement in "The Endless Summer" influenced the growth of the sport over the following decades. His surfboards are sold under the Robert August Surfboards brand and are produced by Surftech, a company that manufactures lightweight epoxy surfboards. He continues to travel the world promoting surfing, and in 1994, he was involved in the filming of "The Endless Summer II", in which surfers Pat O'Connell and Robert "Wingnut" Weaver retrace the places visited by August and Hynson thirty years earlier. He took part in the film "Step into Liquid". Robert August Robert August (born

title: Pat O'Connell (surfer)

text: Frankenreiter and Benji Weatherley) on the "Drive Thru" series of surf movies and television shows since 2005. He is a 2009 inductee into the Surfers' Hall of Fame in Huntington Beach, California. 1995: 29th 1996: 32nd 1997: 17th 1998: 11th 1999: 25th 2000: 40th 2001: 23rd 2002: 32nd 2003: 35th 2004: 26th ASP World Tour Archived Results and Rankings Pat O'Connell (surfer) Patrick O'Connell (born 1971) is a surfer and star alongside Robert "Wingnut" Weaver in Bruce Brown's "The Endless Summer II". Born in Chicago in 1971, O'Connell moved to Newport Beach and then Dana Point in the early 1980s

title: Butch Van Artsdalen

text: powerful, hollow waves at Ehukai Beach known as the Banzai Pipeline. This, along with his reputation for riding switchfoot in the large surf at Waimea Bay, earned him the nickname "Mr. Pipeline." Because of his talents, Van Artsdalen was featured in several early surf films by Dale Davis and Bruce Brown, the most notable of which was "The Endless Summer." Van Artsdalen received onscreen credit in one of William Asher's "surfploitation" comedies, "Muscle Beach Party," starring Frankie Avalon and Annette Funicello. He was recruited by artist and talent scout Michael Dormer to American International Pictures for auditions, but a violent

title: Olivia Munn

text: II, a naturist resort in Negril, Jamaica, with Kato Kaelin. The films aired on DirecTV and In Demand pay-per-view. In late 2005, Munn began her role as teen surfer Mily Acuna over two seasons of the television drama "Beyond the Break" on The N network. She enjoys surfing and continues to practice the sport. She originally auditioned for the role of Kai Kealoha, but the producers wanted a "local girl". She also appeared in the film "The Road to Canyon Lake". In 2006, Munn moved on to the G4 network, where she began co-hosting "Attack of the Show!" with Kevin

title: Rainbow Bridge (film)

text: parent Warner Bros. with an idea for a youth film. He was able to secure a $450,000 advance with the promise of a soundtrack by Hendrix. While in Maui, Jeffery met Mike Hynson, star of "The Endless Summer" surf epic, and wanted to develop a film. With the proposed title "Wave", it would be centered on the Maui countercultural community. Jeffery enlisted Chuck Wein, who had produced three Andy Warhol Factory films. Wein brought in Pat Hartley as the star, who had appeared in some of his films. Wein and art director Melinda Merryweather "invited outrageous people to portray themselves

title: Ishita Malaviya

text: is to promote the Indian coastline as an international surfing destination. She was also sponsored by sporting brand Quiksilver and was part of the first "Summer Swell Challenge", a surfing challenge held in Pondicherry, India. In 2014, the surf club uploaded a video titled "The India Surf Story". It was a thirteen-minute-long documentary about the origins of surfing in India. Most of the footage for the video was shot at the "India Surf Festival" held in 2013 at Odisha. The film took shape over a period of eight months and was made with a small budget using borrowed equipment and

title: Corky Carroll

text: Bruce Brown invited Corky to join The Endless Summer promotional tour in order to promote the surf movie, and he appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson in New York and teaching Johnny to skateboard, and appeared on the first of three Merv Griffin Shows. In 1965 Carroll won first place at the Tom Morey Nose Riding Invitational – The first contest ever to pay prize money, and signed an endorsement contract with Jantzen Sportswear appearing on the back cover of almost every Surfer Magazine for seven straight years. In 1966 he achieved USSA (surf tour) #1 ranking and

title: Soul surfer

text: film, "The Endless Summer". More recently, the phrase was used as the title of a book about Bethany Hamilton, a young female surfer who continued to surf after her arm was bitten off by a tiger shark. The book was made into a 2011 feature film, also called "Soul Surfer". Soul surfing has been described as “the highest level, the pinnacle of surfing spirituality equivalent to Nirvana, Satori, and total enlightenment, but is rarely attained. The Soul Surfer expresses himself through his unity with the breaking wave. He borrows the wave's spirit for a short while and uses his body

title: The Endless Summer

text: advantage". By 1962, he had spent five years making one surf film per year. He would shoot during the fall and winter months, edit during the spring and show the finished product during the summer. Brown remembered, "I felt if I could take two years to make a film, maybe I could make something special". To do this, he would need a bigger budget than he had on previous films. To raise the $50,000 budget for "The Endless Summer", Brown took the best footage from his four previous films and made "Waterlogged". Brown took his completed film to several Hollywood

title: Huntington Beach, California

text: Ruby's Diner. The Surf Theatre, which was located one block north of the pier, gained fame in the 1960s and 1970s for showing independent surf films such as "The Endless Summer" and "Five Summer Stories". The Surf Theatre was owned and operated by Hugh Larry Thomas from 1961 until it was demolished in 1989. A newer version of The Surf Theatre is now closed, but the Huntington Beach International Surfing Museum has preserved its memory with ongoing screenings of surfing movies once shown at a Huntington Beach theater and the original metal SURF sign. Another surfing-related attraction in Huntington Beach

title: Playa Negra

text: Negra is home to the surfing break known worldwide since being featured in Bruce Brown's movie "Endless Summer II". However, there are many accounts of individuals who surfed Playa Negra long before the movie came out. Some claim to have been here in the 1970s. This beach is considered by many surfers to be one of the top spots in Costa Rica. It has become famous in part to its ease of access apart from its quality as a surfing wave. Playa Negra has a rock reef bottom with good right-hand barrels and a well defined channel for paddling out.

title: Darrick Doerner

text: Incorporated." Darrick's water patrol work for films and TV shows include "Big Wednesday", "Baywatch", "ER", "The Big Bounce". Stunt double and surf coach for Patrick Swayze in "Point Break" (1991). Final "Bells Beach 50 Year Storm" surfing and wipe-out scene shot at Waimea Bay. Stunt double for James Bond in "Die Another Day" (2002). Opening segment shot at Peahi, Maui with Dave Kalama, Laird Hamilton and cinematographer Don King. Darrick Doerner Darrick Doerner is a big wave pioneer in the sport of tow-in surfing, in which personal water craft are used to tow surfers into large surf. Also known by

title: The Wedge (surfing)

text: included in his Greatest Hits. The Wedge also makes an appearance in Bruce Brown's "The Endless Summer". Pop punk band All Time Low also mentions the Wedge in their song "Let It Roll" from their 2007 album, "So Wrong, It's Right". Balboa is mentioned in the opening song to seminal surfing movie "Beach Party" (1963). The Wedge (surfing) The Wedge is a spot located at the extreme east end of the Balboa Peninsula in Newport Beach, California known for its large wedge shaped waves that makes it a popular spot for surfing. During a south or south/southwest swell of the

title: The Endless Summer

text: circumnavigating the world. After which, Bruce came up with the idea of following the summer season by traveling up and down the world. The narrative presentation eases from the stiff and formal documentary of the 1950s and early 1960s to a more casual and fun-loving personal style filled with sly humor. The surf rock soundtrack to the film was provided by The Sandals. The "Theme to the Endless Summer" was written by Gaston Georis and John Blakeley of the Sandals. It has become one of the best known film themes in the surf movie genre. When the movie was first

title: The Endless Summer

text: Filmmaker/narrator Bruce Brown follows two surfers, Mike Hynson and Robert August, on a surfing trip around the world. Despite the balmy climate of their native California, cold ocean currents make local beaches inhospitable during the winter. They travel to the coasts of Australia, New Zealand, Tahiti, Hawaii, Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa in a quest for new surf spots and introduce locals to the sport.  Other important surfers of the time, such as Miki Dora, Phil Edwards and Butch Van Artsdalen also appear.

title: Five Summer Stories

text: of the Lyon Lamb Video Animation System. Called a "cinematic cult classic", the film is generally acknowledged as the start of the second generation of surf films, with the first generation being typified by Bruce Brown's "The Endless Summer". Five Summer Stories Five Summer Stories is a 1972 surf film by Jim Freeman and Greg MacGillivray, starring David Nuuhiwa, Eddie Aikau, Gerry Lopez, and Sam Hawk. Its VHS re-release was in 1994, followed by a DVD release. "The Original Sound Track from Five Summer Stories" was composed and recorded by the Southern California native band, Honk. The soundtrack was released

title: Garrett McNamara

text: Garrett McNamara Garrett ‘GMAC’ McNamara (born August 10, 1967) is an American professional big wave surfer and extreme waterman known for breaking the world record for largest wave ever surfed at Nazaré, Portugal, surviving a monstrous wave at Jaws, and riding tsunami from calving glaciers in Alaska. McNamara was born on August 10, 1967 in Pittsfield, Massachusetts and spent much of his childhood in Berkeley, California. In Berkeley, McNamara, and his younger brother Liam McNamara, were both known by friends to be rather fearless and to shrug off the pains of rough childhood play, foreshadowing his later ability to face

title: Terry Wade

text: Terry Wade Terry Wade (born February 27, 1960) is an American bodysurfer. On record as having mastered the largest waves ridden at The Wedge, a world-famous surf spot in Newport Beach, California, Terry Wade has become one of the world's most recognizable names in big wave bodysurfing. Wedge riders swim out to get eaten by the monstrous waves that power in from either hurricanes off the West Coast of Mexico or storm activity in the Southern Hemisphere. Between the years of 1973 and 1998, Wade consistently made headlines, as he would sit in the water for hours waiting for the

title: Greg Long (surfer)

text: Oahu. On January 4, 2012, Greg Long, along with his fellow big wave surfers Ian Walsh, Kohl Christensen, Jeff Rowley, Dave Wassel, Shane Dorian, Mark Healey, Carlos Burle, Nate Fletcher, Garrett McNamara, Kai Barger, North Shore locals and others visited the Hawaiian Islands for a day of surfing. Later that year, the Hollywood film he provided stunt surfing for, "Chasing Mavericks", premiered. Long has been known for caring more for the spirit of big wave surfing than the sponsorship deals, media attention, and contest wins. At the Mavericks Contest in 2008, for example, Long agreed to split the prize money

title: Greg Long (surfer)

text: among himself and the five other finalists. He is also known for pressing the limits of paddle-in surfing, paddling into many waves which were once deemed unrideable without the help of a jet ski. Long was included as an actor and adviser in the Hollywood film "Chasing Mavericks", and was featured as the star of a documentary about the psychology of big wave surfing. Long uses his celebrity to donate to charity organizations, and is involved in the Surfrider Foundation, "Wildcoast", "Parley For The Oceans" and "Save the Waves". Also, Long focused his efforts on Baja, Mexico, when a natural

title: World Surfing Reserves

text: featured a number of events, including a wetsuit fashion show and a paddle out at Pleasure Point. The official ceremony took place out front the Santa Cruz Surfing Museum, where Pat O'Neil from O'Neill wetsuits and local officials spoke. Huanchaco beach is a summer vacation spot located in the northern city of Trujillo, Peru. Huanchaco is famous for several things but particularly for being a surfer's dream spot and its caballitos de totora. The most famous food here is the ceviche. Huanchaco is nearby the very famous ruins of Chan Chan. Throughout 2008 the town underwent significant improvements with all

title: Sizzle Beach, U.S.A.

text: Sizzle Beach, U.S.A. Sizzle Beach, U.S.A, also known as Malibu Hot Summer, is an independent film directed by Richard Brander and starring Robert Acey, Kevin Costner, Terry Congie, Leslie Brander and Roselyn Royce. It was not released until 1986 after Costner became a celebrity. His biography says it was filmed between 1978 and 1979. Three young women team up to rent a beach house in Malibu, California: One of them lands a job in a high school thanks to an investment broker she meets jogging along the beach, another is taking acting lessons and enjoys horseback riding, though the young

title: Riding Giants

text: "Gidget" movies, "Endless Summer", The Beach Boys, Elvis and lots of TV commercials. "Riding Giants" is about altogether another reality." Riding Giants Riding Giants is a 2004 documentary film directed and narrated by Stacy Peralta, a famous skater/surfer. The movie traces the origins of surfing and specifically focuses on the art of big wave riding. Some of the featured surfers are Greg Noll, Laird Hamilton, and Jeff Clark, and surfing pioneers such as Mickey Munoz. The film begins with a historical overview, starting at its Hawaiian beginnings, then moves on to focus on the dangerous lure of big-wave surfing (surfing

title: Greg Long (surfer)

text: but it was not photographed and thus not recognized. This is according to the book "Ghost Wave" by Chris Dixon. That same year, Long won the Mavericks surf contest in surf. In June 2008, he signed a sponsorship deal with Billabong. Long's biggest career achievement came in December 2009, when he won the Quiksilver Big Wave Invitational in surf at the North Shore's Waimea Bay. There, he took down ten-time world champion Kelly Slater and a host of the world's best big wave riders. Long also won the 2009 Quiksilver in Memory of Eddie Aikau big-wave contest on Waimea Bay,

title: Phil Rajzman

text: to join the first Brazilian Tow-In Team, (where the surfer is pulled by a jet-ski, searching for the biggest and best waves possible). In 2002 Phil participated in the movie Surf Adventures, a highlight of which was his amazing sequence of maneuvers at Fernando de Noronha. A continuation of the movie, Surf Adventures 2, is in the final editing phase, and Phil again plays a main role in the movie as being the only surfer to use both a short and longboard. In May 2007 Rajzman beat Danilo Rodrigo and won the ASP OXBOW World Championship in France. He is

title: The Endless Summer

short_answers:
Australia
Ghana
Hawaii
New Zealand
Nigeria
Senegal
South Africa
Tahiti