question: when was the nobel prize for literature first awarded

answers: 1901

title: Nobel Prize in Literature

text: 1980 Nobel), Octavio Paz (1982 Neustadt, 1990 Nobel), Tomas Tranströmer (1990 Neustadt, 2011 Nobel) were first awarded the Neustadt International Prize for Literature before being awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Another award of note is the Spanish Princess of Asturias Award (formerly Prince of Asturias Award) in Letters. During the first years of its existence it was almost exclusively awarded to writers in the Spanish language, but in more recent times writers in other languages have been awarded as well. Writers who have won both the Asturias Award in Letters and the Nobel Prize in Literature include Camilo José

title: Doris Lessing

text: oldest winner of the literature prize at the time of the award and the third-oldest Nobel laureate in any category (after Leonid Hurwicz and Raymond Davis Jr.). She also was only the 11th woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature by the Swedish Academy in its 106-year history. in 2017, just 10 years later, her Nobel medal was put up for auction. Previously only one Nobel medal for literature was sold at auction, for André Gide in 2016. Lessing was out shopping for groceries when the Nobel Prize announcement came. Arriving home to a gathering of reporters, she

title: Nobel Prize in Literature

text: of the gesture. He was a candidate for the Nobel Prize in 1904, to be shared with the Provençal writer Frédéric Mistral, in recognition of their contributions to literature in non-official languages. Political pressure from Spain's central government having made this prize impossible, it was eventually awarded to Mistral and to the Spanish language playwright José Echegaray. The choice of Selma Lagerlöf (Sweden 1858–1940) as Nobel Laureate in 1909 (for the 'lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterizes her writings') followed fierce debate because of her writing style and subject matter, which broke literary decorums of the time.

title: James Tait Black Memorial Prize

text: prize, was already a Nobel Laureate, having been awarded the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on malaria. In 2012, a third prize category was announced for Drama, with the first winner of this award announced in August 2013. The winners are chosen by the Professor of English Literature at the University, who is assisted by postgraduate students in the shortlisting phase, a structure which is seen to lend the prizes a considerable gravitas. At the award of the 2006 prizes, Cormac McCarthy's publisher commented positively on the selection process noting that, in the absence of

title: Literature

text: contribution in literature. Given the diversity of the field, awards are typically limited in scope, usually on: form, genre, language, nationality and output (e.g. for first-time writers or debut novels). The Nobel Prize in Literature was one of the six Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, and is awarded to an author on the basis of their body of work, rather than to, or for, a particular work itself. Other literary prizes for which all nationalities are eligible include: the Neustadt International Prize for Literature, the Man Booker International Prize and the Franz Kafka Prize.

title: Nobel Prize in Literature

text: issue of their "political stance" was also raised in response to the awards of the Nobel Prize in Literature to Orhan Pamuk and Doris Lessing in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The 2016 choice of Bob Dylan was the first time a musician and song-writer won the Nobel for Literature. The award caused some controversy, particularly among writers arguing that the literary merits of Dylan's work are not equal to those of some of his peers. Lebanese novelist Rabih Alameddine tweeted that "Bob Dylan winning a Nobel in Literature is like Mrs Fields being awarded 3 Michelin stars." The French Moroccan

title: British literature

text: Zimbabwe) published her first novel "The Grass is Singing" in 1950, after immigrating to England. She initially wrote about her African experiences. Lessing soon became a dominant presence in the English literary scene, publishing frequently, and won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2007. Sir V. S. Naipaul (1932– ) was another immigrant, born in Trinidad, who won the Nobel Prize in Literature. Also from the West Indies is George Lamming (1927– ) who wrote "In the Castle of My Skin" (1953), while from Pakistan came Hanif Kureshi (1954–), a playwright, screenwriter, filmmaker, novelist and short story writer. 2017 Nobel

title: Tarjei Vesaas

text: was in 1923 with "Children of Humans" ("Menneskebonn"), but he had his breakthrough in 1934 with "The Great Cycle" ("Det store spelet"). His mastery of the nynorsk language, "landsmål" (see Norwegian language), has contributed to its acceptance as a medium of world class literature. A prolific author, he won a number of awards, including the Gyldendal's Endowment in 1943 and Dobloug Prize in 1957. He was awarded the Nordic Council's Literature Prize in 1963 for his novel "The Ice Palace" and the Venice Prize in 1953 for "The Winds". He was mentioned as being considered for the Nobel Prize for

title: Nobel Prize in Literature

text: previously little-known outside Germany but many times named favorite for the Nobel Prize, re-ignited the viewpoint that the Swedish Academy was biased and Eurocentric. The 2010 prize was awarded to Mario Vargas Llosa, a native of Peru in South America, a generally well-regarded decision. When the 2011 prize was awarded to the Swedish poet Tomas Tranströmer, permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy Peter Englund said the prize was not decided based on politics, describing such a notion as "literature for dummies". The Swedish Academy awarded the next two prizes to non-Europeans, Chinese author Mo Yan and Canadian short story writer

title: Gunnar Gunnarsson

text: year he had the most nominations. The Gunnarsson Institute issued the following declaration in December 2005: The Gunnarsson Institute welcomes recent discoveries clarifying why Gunnar Gunnarsson did not receive the Nobel Prize in Stockholm in 1955. Apparently, instead of basing its decision on the novelist's contribution to world literature, the Swedish Academy was swayed by unjust considerations. Now that half a century has passed since Iceland gained its first Nobel Prize winner in literature, it is time for the truth to be revealed. Hopefully this will happen when the Academy's documents are declassified. Gunnar Gunnarsson Gunnar Gunnarsson (18 May 1889

title: Karen Blixen

text: literary accomplishments, Blixen was awarded the Danish Holberg Medal in 1949, the Ingenio et Arti medal in 1950, granted the inaugural Hans Christian Andersen Scholarship of the Danish Writers Association in 1955 and received the Henrik Pontoppidan Memorial Foundation Grant in 1959. Peter Englund, permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy, described it as "a mistake" that Blixen was not awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature during the 1930s and when Hemingway won the prize in 1954, he stated that Bernard Berenson, Carl Sandburg and Blixen deserved the prize more than he did. Although never awarded the prize, she finished in

title: Mo Yan

text: the novel. On 11 October 2012, the Swedish Academy announced that Mo Yan had received the Nobel Prize in Literature for his work that "with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary". Aged 57 at the time of the announcement, he was the 109th recipient of the award and the first ever resident of mainland China to receive it—Chinese-born Gao Xingjian, having been named the 2000 laureate. In his Award Ceremony Speech, Per Wästberg explained: "Mo Yan is a poet who tears down stereotypical propaganda posters, elevating the individual from an anonymous human mass. Using ridicule and sarcasm

title: Nobel Prize

text: nomination and the decision of the prize committee were originally eligible to receive the prize. This has occurred twice: the 1931 Literature Prize awarded to Erik Axel Karlfeldt, and the 1961 Peace Prize awarded to UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld. Since 1974, laureates must be thought alive at the time of the October announcement. There has been one laureate, William Vickrey, who in 1996 died after the prize (in Economics) was announced but before it could be presented. On 3 October 2011, the laureates for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine were announced; however, the committee was not aware

title: Nobel Prize in Literature

text: According to Swedish Academy archives studied by the newspaper "Le Monde" on their opening in 2008, French novelist and intellectual André Malraux was seriously considered for the prize in the 1950s. Malraux was competing with Albert Camus but was rejected several times, especially in 1954 and 1955, "so long as he does not come back to novel". Thus, Camus was awarded the prize in 1957. Some attribute W. H. Auden's not being awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature to errors in his translation of 1961 Peace Prize laureate Dag Hammarskjöld's "Vägmärken" (Markings) and to statements that Auden made during a

title: History of Rome (Mommsen)

text: "History of Rome"). The commendation called him "the greatest living master of the art of historical writing." The award came nearly fifty years after the first appearance of the work. The award also came during the last year of the author's life (1817–1903). It is the only time thus far that the Nobel Prize for Literature has been presented to a historian "per se". Yet the literary Nobel has since been awarded to a philosopher (1950) with mention of an "intellectual history", and to a war-time leader (1953) for speeches and writings, including a "current events history", plus a Nobel

title: Johannes V. Jensen

text: Johannes V. Jensen Johannes Vilhelm Jensen (commonly known as Johannes V. Jensen; 20 January 1873 – 25 November 1950) was a Danish author, often considered the first great Danish writer of the 20th century. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1944 "for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style". One of his sisters, Thit Jensen, was also a well-known writer and a very vocal, and occasionally controversial, early feminist. He was born in Farsø, a village in North Jutland,

title: Nobel Prize in Literature

text: Scandinavian lecture tour suggesting that Hammarskjöld was, like Auden, homosexual. In 1962, John Steinbeck received the Nobel Prize for Literature. The selection was heavily criticized, and described as "one of the Academy's biggest mistakes" in one Swedish newspaper. "The New York Times" asked why the Nobel committee gave the award to an author whose "limited talent is, in his best books, watered down by tenth-rate philosophising", adding, "we think it interesting that the laurel was not awarded to a writer ... whose significance, influence and sheer body of work had already made a more profound impression on the literature of

title: Eyvind Johnson

text: choice of Johnson and Harry Martinson as Nobel Prize winners in 1974 was controversial as both were on the Nobel panel themselves and Graham Greene, Vladimir Nabokov, Saul Bellow and Jorge Luis Borges were the favoured candidates that year. Eyvind Johnson Eyvind Johnson (29 July 1900 – 25 August 1976) was a Swedish novelist and short story writer. Regarded as the most groundbreaking novelist in modern Swedish literature he became a member of the Swedish Academy in 1957 and shared the Nobel Prize in Literature with Harry Martinson in 1974 with the citation: "for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands

title: Nobel Prize in Literature

text: will receive the prize. The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. It will not be awarded in 2018, but two names will be awarded in 2019. Although the Nobel Prize in Literature has become the world's most prestigious literature prize, the Swedish Academy has attracted significant criticism for its handling of the award. Many authors who have won the prize have fallen into obscurity, while others rejected by the jury remain widely studied and read. The prize has "become

title: Nobel Prize in Literature

title: Main Street (novel)

text: but was rejected by the Board of Trustees, who overturned the jury's decision. The prize went, instead, to Edith Wharton for "The Age of Innocence". In 1926 Lewis refused the Pulitzer when he was awarded it for "Arrowsmith." In 1930, Lewis was the first American ever awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. While a Nobel Prize is awarded to the author not the work, and itself does not cite a particular work for which he was chosen, "Main Street" was Lewis' best-known work and enormously popular at the time. In the Nobel committee's presentation speech, both "Main Street" and "Arrowsmith"

title: Wole Soyinka

text: "who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence". Reed Way Dasenbrock writes that the award of the Nobel Prize in Literature to Soyinka is "likely to prove quite controversial and thoroughly deserved". He also notes that "it is the first Nobel Prize awarded to an African writer or to any writer from the 'new literatures' in English that have emerged in the former colonies of the British Empire." His Nobel acceptance speech, "This Past Must Address Its Present", was devoted to South African freedom-fighter Nelson Mandela. Soyinka's speech was an outspoken criticism of

title: Selma Lagerlöf

text: for help with the debt she owes and her father explains the debt is from all the people who supported her throughout her career. In 1904, the Academy had awarded her its great gold medal, and in 1914, she also became a member of the academy. For both the academy membership and her Nobel literature prize, she was the first woman to be so honored. In 1991, she became the first woman to be depicted on a Swedish banknote, when the first 20-kronor note was released. In 1907, she received the degree of doctor of letters from Uppsala University. In

title: Nobel Prize

text: A group including 42 Swedish writers, artists, and literary critics protested against this decision, having expected Leo Tolstoy to be awarded. Some, including Burton Feldman, have criticised this prize because they consider Prudhomme a mediocre poet. Feldman's explanation is that most of the Academy members preferred Victorian literature and thus selected a Victorian poet. The first Physiology or Medicine Prize went to the German physiologist and microbiologist Emil von Behring. During the 1890s, von Behring developed an antitoxin to treat diphtheria, which until then was causing thousands of deaths each year. The first Nobel Peace Prize went to the Swiss

title: Lars Gustafsson

text: as a Swedish writer. By 1990, he had already received a dozen major literary awards including the "Prix International Charles Veillon des Essais" in 1983, "Una Vita per la Letteratura" in 1989, as well as the Swedish Bellman Prize in 1990. He won a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship for poetry in 1994. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature (the year is unknown as the Nobel Committee keeps nominations secret for 50 years). Among later awards were the in 2006, the Goethe Medal in 2009, and the Thomas Mann Prize in 2015. Gustafsson's novels and poetry

title: Rudyard Kipling

text: first English-language recipient. At the award ceremony in Stockholm on 10 December 1907, the Permanent Secretary of the Swedish Academy, Carl David af Wirsén, praised both Kipling and three centuries of English literature: The Swedish Academy, in awarding the Nobel Prize in Literature this year to Rudyard Kipling, desires to pay a tribute of homage to the literature of England, so rich in manifold glories, and to the greatest genius in the realm of narrative that that country has produced in our times. "Book-ending" this achievement was the publication of two connected poetry and story collections: "Puck of Pook's Hill"

title: Nobel Prize in Literature

text: promulgated by King Oscar II. According to Nobel's will, the Royal Swedish Academy was to award the Prize in Literature. Each year, the Swedish Academy sends out requests for nominations of candidates for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Members of the Academy, members of literature academies and societies, professors of literature and language, former Nobel literature laureates, and the presidents of writers' organizations are all allowed to nominate a candidate. It is not permitted to nominate oneself. Thousands of requests are sent out each year, and about 220 proposals are returned. These proposals must be received by the Academy by

title: Nobel Prize

text: the Soviet Union government might do if he travelled to Stockholm to accept his prize. In return, the Swedish Academy refused his refusal, saying "this refusal, of course, in no way alters the validity of the award." The Academy announced with regret that the presentation of the Literature Prize could not take place that year, holding it back until 1989 when Pasternak's son accepted the prize on his behalf. Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991, but her children accepted the prize because she had been placed under house arrest in Burma; Suu Kyi delivered

title: Nobel Prize in Literature

text: de Cervantes Prize include Octavio Paz (1981 Cervantes, 1990 Nobel); Mario Vargas Llosa (1994 Cervantes, 2010 Nobel); and Camilo José Cela (1995 Cervantes, 1989 Nobel). José Saramago is the only author to receive both the Camões Prize (1995) and the Nobel Prize (1998) to date. The Hans Christian Andersen Award is sometimes referred to as "the Little Nobel". The award has earned this appellation since, in a similar manner to the Nobel Prize in Literature, it recognizes the lifetime achievement of writers, though the Andersen Award focuses on a single category of literary works (children's literature). Nobel Prize in Literature

title: Nobel Prize in Literature

text: Olsson. In 1964, Jean-Paul Sartre was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, but he wrote declining it, stating that "It is not the same thing if I sign Jean-Paul Sartre or if I sign Jean-Paul Sartre, Nobel Prize laureate. A writer must refuse to allow himself to be transformed into an institution, even if it takes place in the most honorable form." Nevertheless he was awarded the prize. Soviet dissident writer Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, the 1970 prize laureate, did not attend the Nobel Prize ceremony in Stockholm for fear that the USSR would prevent his return afterwards (his works there were

title: Nobel Prize in Literature

long_answer: The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) has been awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction" (original Swedish: den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, here "work" refers to an author's work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year. The academy announces the name of the chosen laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.


question: when did the subway open in new york

answers: October 27, 1904

answers: 1904

title: History of the New York City Subway

text: completion, New York City offered it for private operation as a formality, knowing that no operator would meet its terms. Thus the city declared that it would operate it itself, formalizing a foregone conclusion. The first line opened without a formal ceremony. The trains began operating their regular schedules ahead of time, and all stations of the Eighth Avenue Line, from 207th Street in Inwood to Hudson Terminal (now World Trade Center), opened simultaneously at one minute after midnight on September 10, 1932. On January 1, 1936, a second trunk line—the Sixth Avenue Line—opened from West Fourth Street (where it

title: History of the New York City Subway

text: 20, 2013, Mayor Michael Bloomberg took a ceremonial ride on a train to the new 34th Street terminal of the IRT Flushing Line, celebrating a part of his legacy as Mayor, during a press tour of the uncompleted station. The project was 90% complete in 2013, and was expected to open in 2014, but did not open until September 13, 2015. According to "The New York Times", the delay in the extension's opening was due to the installation of custom-made incline elevators that kept malfunctioning. A December 2014 "New York Post" article also attributed the delay to Hudson Yards' developer,

title: History of the New York City Subway

text: The Related Companies', need to dig caissons for the foundations, just above the subway station; the foundation work needed to be complete before the MTA could proceed with opening the station. The Fulton Center building opened to the public on November 10, 2014, completing a decade-long refurbishment of the Fulton Street station in lower Manhattan. It was controversially funded as part of the post-9/11 rebuilding project. As part of the Second Avenue Subway's opening, W service, which had not run since 2010, was restored on November 7, 2016. On January 1, 2017, the Second Avenue Subway was opened, with stations

title: History of the New York City Subway

text: include the 7 Subway Extension that opened in September 2015, and the Second Avenue Subway, the first phase of which opened on January 1, 2017. However, at the same time, under-investment in the subway system led to a transit crisis that peaked in 2017. Even though there was an earlier, underground railroad called the Atlantic Avenue Tunnel since 1844, it had no underground subway stops. Construction of this tunnel, which was built mainly to create a grade-separated right of way for the Brooklyn and Jamaica Railroad (now the Long Island Rail Road's Atlantic Branch), began in May 1844, and the

title: South Ferry/Whitehall Street (New York City Subway)

text: first subway station to reopen in the history of the MTA. The station reopened on April 4, 2013 and remained opened until June 27, 2017, with a connection to the Broadway Line platforms. The inner platform opened for IRT Lexington Avenue Line passengers on July 1, 1918. Service from that line was moved from the outer platform, and the outer platform was used for trains on the newly opened Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line. This platform has an even sharper curve than the outer platform, and only the center doors opened here, with special arched openings in a wall between the platform

title: New York City Subway

text: due to the approach of Hurricane Irene, the MTA suspended subway service at noon in anticipation of heavy flooding on tracks and in tunnels. It was the first weather-caused shutdown in the history of the system. Service was restored by August 29. On October 29, 2012, another full closure was ordered before the arrival of Hurricane Sandy. All services on the subway, the Long Island Rail Road and Metro-North were gradually shut down that day at 7:00 P.M., to protect passengers, employees and equipment from the coming storm. The storm caused serious damage to the system, especially the IND Rockaway

title: Program for Action

text: Lines opened. The second occurred on Sunday, October 29, 1989, when the 63rd Street Lines opened. Most of the changes occurred in conjunction with the opening of the new Archer Avenue Subway. However, some changes were completely coincidental. These changes affected over 3.7 million daily riders. Maps were offered to rush-hour subway riders on December 12, 1988, one day after the initial changes. By contrast, when the 63rd Street Subway opened, there were fewer service changes. The B and Q trains and the JFK Express were extended from 57th Street/Sixth Avenue in Manhattan to 21st Street–Queensbridge in Queens; the JFK

title: History of the New York City Subway

text: the IND 63rd Street Line was opened. It was nicknamed the "tunnel to nowhere" due to its stub end at 21st Street–Queensbridge, and also due to the fact that the three-station extension lay dormant for over a decade after completion. The 3.2 mile line included three new stations and cost a total of $868 million. The line was viewed as an enormous waste of money. In the 1980s, the MTA considered buying 208 subway cars to replace 260 IRT cars, even though these longer cars were never tried anywhere on the IRT. The cars would be purchased using $190 million

title: New York City Subway

text: Street on the Lexington Avenue Line. Cameras would also be installed so the MTA could observe passenger overcrowding. In systems like the London Underground, stations are simply closed off when they are overcrowded, such as the busy Oxford Circus tube station, which had to close more than 100 times in a year. That type of restriction is not necessary yet on the New York City Subway, according to MTA spokesman Kevin Ortiz. Service on the subway system is occasionally disrupted by flooding from rainstorms, even minor ones. Rainwater can disrupt signals underground and require the electrified third rail to be

title: History of the New York City Subway

text: how best to design and operate a subway car that could carry the most passengers the most efficiently. The rolling stock, however, had to be the same track gauge so the trains could interoperate under the Dual Contracts. The Fourth Avenue and Sea Beach Lines were opened on June 19, 1915, after years of delays for building of these lines and the Nassau Street Line. The first BRT section, however, had opened on September 16, 1908, from Essex Street across the Williamsburg Bridge, but using narrow-width cars. Until the completion of the Fourth Avenue Line, there was a tram across

title: New York City Subway map

text: implemented by Dr Stanley Goldstein of Hofstra University, working as a consultant to the TA, and by Dante Calise, art director at Diamond Packaging, the firm that printed the subway map. On November 26, 1967, when the new connections opened, the new map came into use. There was also a map to explain all the newly rerouted services. The TA's new map, released in 1967, used Raleigh D'Adamo's principle of color-coding for the first time, but it suffered from what Vignelli called "fragmentation" and was not well received. The following year, the parent body Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) was formed

title: Independent Subway System

text: opened on August 19, 1933. trains ran local to Hudson Terminal (today's World Trade Center) in Manhattan, while the (predecessor to current G service) ran as a shuttle service between Queens Plaza and Nassau Avenue on the IND Crosstown Line, which opened on the same day. The Cranberry Street Tunnel, extending the Eighth Avenue express tracks east under Fulton Street to Jay Street–Borough Hall in Brooklyn, was opened for the morning rush hour on February 1, 1933. Until June 24, 1933, High Street was skipped. The first short section of the IND Culver Line opened on March 20, 1933, taking

title: History of the New York City Subway

text: numbered 220. To attract passengers, in September 1978 the TA introduced the “Train to the Plane”, a premium-fare service that provided limited stops along Sixth Avenue in Manhattan from 57th Street to Howard Beach, where passengers could transfer to a shuttle bus to JFK Airport. The service was staffed by a transit police officer 24/7, and the additional fare was paid on board. This was discontinued in 1990 due to low ridership and the high cost of its operation. In March 1979, Mayor Ed Koch asked the city's top law enforcement officials to devise a plan to counteract rising subway

title: History of the New York City Subway

text: closed until January 2002. Generally, ridership kept rising as the subway system improved in its maintenance, cleanliness, frequency, and on-time ratio; ridership started to increase as graffiti and crime rates dropped heavily after 1989. From 1995 to 2005, ridership on city buses and subways grew by 36%, compared with a population gain in the city of 7%. With dramatic increases in fuel prices in 2008, as well as increased tourism and residential growth, ridership on buses and subways grew 3.1% up to about 2.37 billion trips a year compared to 2007. This is the highest ridership since 1965. By 2013,

title: History of the New York City Subway

text: $423,000. Additional platform extensions were completed on the Broadway–Seventh Avenue LIne on October 18, 1946. On this date the platform extensions at 103rd Street, 110th Street, 116th Street, 137th Street, 145th Street, 157th Street, 168th Street, 181st Street, 191st Street and Dyckman Street were completed. This project cost $3,891,000. The platform extensions at the Hoyt Street station on the IRT Eastern Parkway Line opened on November 15, 1946, being completed for $733,200. Stations along the IRT Lexington Avenue Line were next to receive the improvements. On January 24, 1947, the 23rd Street, 28th Street and 33rd Street platform extensions were

title: Independent Subway System

text: R1s left Coney Island at 11:35am and ran via the BMT Sea Beach Line to Times Square. The trip took 42 minutes. On September 10, 1932, the Eighth Avenue Line opened from 207th Street to Chambers Street, inaugurating the IND. In February 1933 the Cranberry Street Tunnel opened, along with the Eighth Avenue Line from Chambers Street to Jay Street–Borough Hall. On the northern end of the construction, in the Bronx, the connecting Concourse Line opened on July 1, 1933 from 205th Street to 145th Street. On the IND's opening day, it had a relatively small subway car fleet of

title: E (New York City Subway service)

text: the Hudson Terminal (current World Trade Center station). The E would not yet run express via Queens Boulevard as the IND Crosstown Line did not yet fully open until Brooklyn, and the IND Queens Boulevard Line had not yet opened to Jamaica. On January 1, 1936, the IND Sixth Avenue Line opened to East Broadway and the E was extended there. E trains no longer served stations on the Eighth Avenue Line south of West Fourth Street. On April 9 of the same year, the Sixth Avenue Line was extended through the Rutgers Street Tunnel to Jay Street–Borough Hall, and

title: New York City Subway

text: January 23, 2016, a partial subway closure was ordered due to the January 2016 United States blizzard, wherein all aboveground stations were closed; the underground lines remained open during the blizzard. Most of the subway resumed service the next day, with some lingering delays due to an average of of snow in the area. On March 13, 2017, another partial subway closure of all aboveground stations was ordered for the next day due to the March 2017 nor'easter, which was forecast to bring up to of snow to the area. Litter accumulation is a perennial problem in the subway system.

title: Transportation in New York City

text: open 24 hours a day, as its main source of transportation. Campaigning at subway stations is a staple of New York elections akin to candidate appearances at small town diners during presidential campaigns in the rest of the country. Each week, more than 100 musicians and ensembles – ranging in genre from classical to Cajun, bluegrass, African, South American, and jazz – give over 150 performances sanctioned by New York City Transit at 25 locations throughout the subway system, many under the Music Under New York program. There are many more who are unauthorized performers called buskers, who range from

title: New York City Subway

text: The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency of the state-run Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). Opened in 1904, the New York City Subway is one of the world's oldest public transit systems, one of the world's most used metro systems, and the metro system with the most stations.  It offers service 24 hours per day on every day of the year.

title: History of the Second Avenue Subway

text: saying that the increased involvement in the project served merely to improve his reputation. On December 14, the MTA finally announced that December 31 would be the probable opening date for the line, with all of the line's stations to open at the same time. A day later, MTA chairman Thomas Prendergast stated that the three new stations would all open at the same time, even if that meant delaying the opening of the subway. The MTA and its contractors on the project met on a regular basis with the Manhattan Community Board 8 Second Avenue Subway Task Force and

title: History of the New York City Subway

text: tunnel was open by December 1844. This led to South Ferry at the foot of Atlantic Avenue, where passengers could catch ferries to Manhattan. This extension, running under Cobble Hill, was closed by 1861. The tunnel was reopened for tourism in 1982, and closed again in 2010. The beginnings of the actual Subway came from various excursion railroads to Coney Island and elevated railroads in Manhattan and Brooklyn. At that time, New York County (Manhattan Island and part of the Bronx), Kings County (including the cities of Brooklyn and Williamsburg), and Queens County were separate municipal entities. Competing steam-powered elevated

title: S (New York City Subway service)

text: not run. Prior to May 13, 1968, it was called the 145th Street Shuttle, running only to 145th Street, and only from 9:00 pm to 1:00 am. It was in place by 1918, but may have been started in 1905 when the IRT White Plains Road Line opened to the IRT Lenox Avenue Line. Between 1969 and 1972, it was folded into the 3, but continued to run as a shuttle at those times. Late night 3 service ended on September 10, 1995, due to low ridership, and was not restored until July 27, 2008. During this time, the route

title: IND Eighth Avenue Line

text: with shops, so that they would become retail corridors, similar to the underground mall of the under-construction Rockefeller Center. The majority of the Eighth Avenue Line, from Chambers Street north to 207th Street, was opened to the public just after midnight on September 10, 1932 after three days of operation on a normal schedule but without passengers. The Cranberry Street Tunnel, extending the express tracks east under Fulton Street to Jay Street–Borough Hall in Brooklyn, was opened for the morning rush hour on February 1, 1933. The Jay–Smith–Ninth Street Line opened on March 20, 1933, extending the line beyond Jay

title: History of the New York City Subway

text: between Chambers Street and Wall Street, on July 1, 1918. The new portion of the Lexington Avenue Line from Grand Central to 125th Street opened on July 17, 1918. However, until the evening of August 1, 1918, it ran as a shuttle on the local tracks only, terminating at 42nd Street and at 167th Street on the IRT Jerome Avenue Line (where the connection from the elevated IRT Ninth Avenue Line merged). Finally, the new "H" system was implemented on August 1, 1918, joining the two halves of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line, and the two halves of the Lexington Avenue

title: History of the New York City Subway

text: of these lines, to alleviate existing subway capacity constraints and overcrowding, the most notable being the Second Avenue Subway. Plans for new lines date back to the early 1910s. On August 28, 1922, Mayor John Francis Hylan revealed his own plans for the subway system, which was relatively small at the time. His plan included taking over nearly 100 miles of existing lines and building over 100 miles of new lines. Construction of all these new lines would be completed by December 31, 1925, and passengers would be able to ride between the ends of New York City on one

title: History of transportation in New York City

text: began in 2008, and service began on September 13, 2015. Finally, the Second Avenue Subway, a new north-south line, was proposed to run from the 125th Street station in Harlem to Hanover Square in lower Manhattan. The first phase, from Lexington Avenue–63rd Street to 96th Street, opened on January 1, 2017. There have also been efforts to rebuild and improve commuter rail. The Moynihan Station project would expand Penn Station into the James Farley Post Office building across the street. The first phase, consisting of the west end concourse, opened in June 2017, while ground for the second phase was

title: History of the Second Avenue Subway

text: describing earlier estimates as lacking "the precision required." In June 2015, however, the federal government predicted that at the then-current rate of construction, the subway would not open until February 2018. After Governor Cuomo's intervention, the deadline was reset to December 31, 2016. On December 19, the start of revenue service was announced as noon on January 1, 2017. The confirmed New Year's opening date was attributed to testing being completed at a faster pace than expected. Of the New Year's Day opening date, Cuomo stated: On December 27, non-revenue testing of the line started; Q trains began to follow

title: Program for Action

text: complete the Second Avenue Line. Construction of the subway was halted on September 29, 1975, with only three sections of tunnel having been completed, excluding the Chrystie Street Connection and the connection to the BMT 63rd Street Line. By 1978, when the New York City Subway was at its lowest point in its existence, State Comptroller Arthur Levitt stated that there were no plans to finish the line. Of this failure to complete construction, Gene Russianoff, an advocate for subway riders since 1981, stated: "It's the most famous thing that's never been built in New York City, so everyone is

title: C (New York City Subway service)

text: during nights and on Sundays when the A did not run. When the Eighth Avenue Line was extended to Jay Street–Borough Hall on February 1, 1933 the AA was extended there, but only during the times when the A didn't run; it continued to terminate at Chambers Street when the A did run. The C and CC services began operation on July 1, 1933 when the IND Concourse Line opened. The CC provided local service between Bedford Park Boulevard and Hudson Terminal during rush hours, and was extended to 205th Street during non-rush hours. It replaced the AA as Eighth

title: New York City Subway


question: who owns the four seasons hotel in las vegas

answers: MGM Resorts International

title: Ty Warner

text: and golf courses. Ty Warner Hotels and Resorts include the Four Seasons Hotel in New York City, the Sandpiper golf course, the Four Seasons Resort and San Ysidro Ranch in Montecito, California, the Kona Village resort in Hawaii (purchased in July 2004), the Montecito Country Club and the Las Ventanas al Paraiso Resort in Los Cabos, Mexico (acquired in September 2004). In 2005, Warner also bought the beachfront Miramar resort and Rancho San Marcos golf course but sold the Miramar hotel in 2007 to Caruso Affiliated. He has donated in excess of $6 million to the Andre Agassi Foundation for

title: Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts

text: Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts Four Seasons Hotels Limited, trading as Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, is an international luxury hospitality company headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. Four Seasons operates more than 100 hotels worldwide. Since 2007, Bill Gates (through Cascade Investment) and Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal have been majority owners of the company. Canadian businessman Isadore Sharp founded Four Seasons in 1960. While a young architect working for his father, Sharp designed a motel for a family friend; its success motivated him to try creating his own hotel. He bought a large parcel of land in a run-down area of

title: Four Seasons Hotel New York

text: Four Seasons Hotel New York Four Seasons Hotel New York is a luxury hotel in New York that opened in 1993. Guest rooms begin at $995 per night. The Ty Warner Penthouse Suite, billed at per night, is listed at number 3 on "World's 15 most expensive hotel suites" compiled by CNN Go in 2012. In the 1980s, William Zeckendorf, a prominent American real estate developer, assembled of vacant property on 57th Street between Madison and Park Avenue. Robert H. Burns, founder of Regent International Hotels, approached Harunori Takahashi, owner of EIE International Corporation company to build a luxurious hotel

title: Four Seasons Hotel New York

text: Hong Kong, in which EIE International had a 30 percent interest. The cost of construction was reportedly more than US$1 million per room. When the Japanese real estate market imploded in 1990, the hotel was sold to the Four Seasons group to recover from bad loans. Today, the hotel is owned by Ty Warner Hotels and Resorts, L.L.C. and operated by Four Seasons. At tall and 52 stories, it is the second tallest hotel in New York City, and the fourth tallest in the U.S. In 2006, the Four Seasons New York opened the Michelin star restaurant: L'Atelier de Joël

title: Four Seasons Hotel New York

text: Robuchon. The hotel is noted for its luxurious interiors which have an art moderne quality. I. M. Pei and Frank Williams collaborated as the architects. I. M. Pei was also the responsible for the interiors of the public spaces in the hotel. The building has more in common with the Waldorf Astoria and other hotels of the 1920s than it does with Pei's other works. Four Seasons Hotel New York Four Seasons Hotel New York is a luxury hotel in New York that opened in 1993. Guest rooms begin at $995 per night. The Ty Warner Penthouse Suite, billed at

title: Isadore Sharp

text: the hospitality business. He founded the Four Seasons Hotel in 1960 and opened the first hotel on Jarvis Street in downtown Toronto in 1961. On November 6, 2006, American business magnate Bill Gates, through his holding company Cascade Investments LLC, and Saudi businessman, Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal through his company Kingdom Holding Company made an offer to take Four Seasons Hotels private for US$3.4 billion (excluding debt). Sharp would remain chairman and chief executive of the company. He also would be able to realize proceeds from a 1989 incentive plan that would pay him $288 million. The company's headquarters would

title: Four Seasons Hotel Houston

text: Estate Equities, the owner of Houston Center, sold the Four Seasons Hotel Houston to Maritz, Wolff & Co., a hotel investment group, for $105 million. In 2006, Institutional Investor ranked Four Seasons Hotel Houston the 87th "Best Hotel in the World". The hotel currently houses 404 guest rooms, including 12 suites, throughout 30 floors. In 2013, Maritz, Wolff & Co. sold the property to Cascade Investment. Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, owned jointly by Cascade, Kingdom Holding Company and Triples Holdings, will continue to manage the hotel. Four Seasons Hotel Houston has one of the city's premiere restaurants, "Quattro", featuring

title: Santa Barbara Biltmore

text: Corporation of New York City, with a 5 March 1927 groundbreaking. The 'Coral Casino' and 'Butterfly Beach' are adjacent to the Biltmore. Allied Properties of San Francisco bought the hotel in 1936. They sold the hotel in 1976 to Marriott for $5.25 million and the hotel was renamed Marriott's Santa Barbara Biltmore. Marriott sold the hotel to Four Seasons Hotels in 1987 for $55 million and it was renamed the Four Seasons Resort Santa Barbara. In 2000 Ty Warner acquired ownership through his Ty Warner Hotels & Resorts, while retaining Four Seasons as the management company. A historically sensitive $240

title: Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts

text: In Indonesia, it has one hotel in Jakarta and another two in Bali. In October 2012, Four Seasons opened a new 259 room Toronto hotel in Yorkville, designed by internationally known design firm Yabu Pushelberg. The hotel includes an upscale restaurant led by celebrity chef Daniel Boulud. It was hailed by "The Globe and Mail" as "the renewal of an iconic Canadian brand in its hometown". The penthouse was bought by entrepreneur Robert Österlund (founder of Xacti, LLC and Inbox.com) for a Canadian record price of over $28 million. In 2009, founder Sharp wrote a memoir titled "Four Seasons: The

title: Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts

text: Story of Business Philosophy". It contained a historical chronicle of the hotels since its inception. Four Seasons does not own any of its properties; it operates them on behalf of real estate owners and developers. The contracts between Four Seasons and property owners typically permit the company to participate in the design of the property and run it with nearly total control over every aspect of the operation. Four Seasons generally earns three percent of the gross income and about five percent of profits from the properties it operates, and the property owners are required to additionally contribute money for

title: Merv Griffin

text: Resorts Holding Inc. An active desert resident, he was a supporter of the La Quinta Arts Festival and the owner of the Merv Griffin Givenchy Resort & Spa in Palm Springs, now The Parker. He owned a ranch near La Quinta, California where he raised thoroughbred racehorses, as well as St. Clerans Manor, a boutique hotel, set in an eighteenth-century estate once owned by director John Huston, near Craughwell, in County Galway, Ireland. In the 1980s, Griffin purchased the Paradise Island Resort and Casino in the Bahamas for US$400 million from Trump, but he later sold it for just US$125

title: Charlie Palmer Hotel

text: included Marvin Lipschultz, the owner of the property; Bill Richardson, the owner of W.A. Richardson Construction and a former executive for Mandalay Resort Group; and Dan Juba, the principal of the locally based Klai Juba Architects. Adam Tihany, who designed the interior for Palmer's Aureole restaurant in Las Vegas, was also involved in the new project. Palmer said the project would not include a casino or gambling: "Our focus is on the guest experience, not walking them through a casino and getting them to game." The hotel was to have a sky lounge, event space on the top floor, a

title: Four Queens

text: Four Queens The Four Queens Hotel and Casino is located in downtown Las Vegas on the Fremont Street Experience. The 690-room hotel and casino is owned and operated by TLC Enterprises, which acquired the property from the Elsinore Corporation in 2003. Construction began on November 16, 1964. The $5.5 million project was planned to include an 18-story hotel. Four Queens opened on June 2, 1966. The casino is named after the builder Ben Goffstein's four daughters, Faith, Hope, Benita, and Michele. It originally contained only 120 rooms and a casino. The 18-story hotel building was eventually added. From 1972 to

title: Four Queens

text: 2003 the hotel/casino was owned by Elsinore Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Hyatt Corporation until 1979, when it became an independent company. In 1995, Elsinore filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and the investment firm Morgens, Waterfall, Vintiadis & Company obtained 99 percent ownership of the company. In 1976 the casino expanded to and changed decor to be warmer. A second 18-story hotel building was completed in 1981. Today the casino occupies the entire block bordered by Fremont Street, Casino Center, Third Street and Carson Avenue. The Four Queens was also a partner in renovating the downtown area and

title: Four Seasons Hotel, Washington, D.C.

text: Steak, the hotel restaurant, is overseen by head chef Michael Mina. The restaurant has a capacity of seating of 144 people and a private dining room which seats 22. In September 2015, King Salman of Saudi Arabia rented every single room at the Four Seasons Hotel in order to accommodate his entourage while he met with President Barack Obama. The hotel added an extensive amount of gold gilded furniture and laid red carpet in every hallway in order to meet the royal party's tastes. In that same month, Strategic Hotels & Resorts sold itself to The Blackstone Group for $6

title: Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts

text: to have "a high-speed wireless Internet network" after Wayport, Inc. set it up there for testing wireless Internet networks. The hotel hosted Queen Elizabeth II in 1991 when she visited Texas. It was acquired by Anbang Insurance Group from the Blackstone Group for $359.7 million in 2016. Economic downturns in the early and mid-2000s affected the company. When the September 11 attacks caused the collapse of the travel industry, Four Seasons refused to cut room prices in order to preserve the perceived value of the brand, which caused tension with property owners who were losing money. The company recovered, and

title: Beverly Wilshire Hotel

text: Four Seasons Hotel. The hotel was sold to Hong Kong-based private equity firm Joint Treasure International in 1995. In 2006, the hotel was again renamed following a renovation, dropping the Regent affiliation and becoming Beverly Wilshire Beverly Hills (A Four Seasons Hotel). Since 2006, Wolfgang Puck has operated a restaurant, Cut, in the hotel. Elvis Presley and later Warren Beatty spent a number of years in the hotel. It was also the home of John Lennon, when he was separated for several months from his wife Yoko Ono. The American socialite and Woolworth department store heiress Barbara Hutton spent her

title: Whitney Peak Hotel

text: Whitney Peak Hotel Whitney Peak Hotel (formerly Fitzgeralds Reno and CommRow) is a hotel and former casino located in Downtown Reno, Nevada. It was formerly connected to Eldorado Reno and Golden Phoenix Reno by a sky bridge. It is owned and operated by DRW Holdings LLC. Lincoln Fitzgerald, owner of the Nevada Club casino, began construction on a new 16-story, 347-room hotel and casino in 1974. Fitzgeralds Reno opened on May 17, 1976, at a total cost of $16 million. After Fitzgerald's death in 1981, his widow, Meta, sold the property in 1986 to the Lincoln Management Company for $26.25

title: Four Seasons Hotel George V

text: rented year-round or season, enjoying the services of the hotel. The latter brought to the hotel many objects of art such as tapestries from Flanders, Boulle furniture, a Renoir and a Dufy. Alwaleed bought the hotel in 1996 from the Forte Group, spending $185 million for it. He then spent $120 million renovating the hotel, closing the hotel for two years during the process. The hotel reopended in Dec. 1999, managed by Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts. Starting in 2000, the hotel was voted "Best Hotel in the World" by a number of publications. A distinctive feature includes a lobby

title: Mandalay Bay

text: Mandalay Bay is a 43-story luxury resort and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International.  One of the property's towers operates as the Delano; the Four Seasons Hotel is independently operated within the Mandalay Bay tower, occupying 5 floors (35–39).

title: Four Seasons Hotel George V

text: Four Seasons Hotel George V Four Seasons Hotel George V is a luxury hotel on avenue George V in the 8th arrondissement of Paris. The hotel was commissioned by American businessman and architect Joel Hillman in the late twenties. It was built in 1928 by André Terrail and Georges Wybo for a budget of 31 million dollars, or 60 million Francs. The latter are well known, the first being a restaurant owner of La Tour d'Argent, the newly built hotel at 31 Avenue George V facing his mansion. The second is the architect of the Casino de Deauville and the

title: Four Seasons Hotel, San Francisco

text: the hotel tower help dampen some of the wind sway due to powerful winds off the Pacific Ocean. Since 2008, former Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer has lived in the 38th-floor penthouse suite at the Four Seasons Hotel with her husband and growing family of three children, as well as live-in domestic help. Four Seasons Hotel, San Francisco The Four Seasons Hotel & Residences is a mixed-use development at 757 Market Street in San Francisco, California near Moscone Center. Completed in January 2001, the tower is the first skyscraper of the 21st century to be completed in the city. The five-star

title: Four Seasons Hotel George V

text: and walkways lined with floral displays. Le Cinq is the hotel's Michelin gourmet restaurant. Four Seasons Hotel George V Four Seasons Hotel George V is a luxury hotel on avenue George V in the 8th arrondissement of Paris. The hotel was commissioned by American businessman and architect Joel Hillman in the late twenties. It was built in 1928 by André Terrail and Georges Wybo for a budget of 31 million dollars, or 60 million Francs. The latter are well known, the first being a restaurant owner of La Tour d'Argent, the newly built hotel at 31 Avenue George V facing

title: Sheldon Adelson

text: Strip, after its Las Vegas counterpart. Adelson said that he planned to open more hotels under brands such as Four Seasons, Sheraton and St. Regis. His Las Vegas Sands planned to invest $12 billion and build 20,000 hotel rooms on the Cotai Strip by 2010. Adelson's company was reportedly under federal investigation over alleged violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act relating to payments made to a Macau lawyer. In 2015, Sands agreed to pay a $9 million settlement with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which included no admission of wrongdoing. In May 2006, Adelson's Las Vegas Sands was awarded

title: Fabrizio Boccardi

text: the Desert Inn Hotel & Casino, but his offer was considered too low by owners Starwood Hotel & Resorts and was then sold to Las Vegas casino owner Steve Wynn for $275 million. In 2003, Boccardi bid $8.50 per share for control of Riviera Holdings, owners of the Riviera Hotel & Casino on the Las Vegas Strip and a casino in Black Hawk, Colorado. The Boccardi's offer caused the stock of the company to increase substantially The offer was subject to a change of ‘control put’ and bondholders’ approval of the debt holders of the public company trading on the

title: Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts

text: of the business relationship, Four Seasons had not violated its management agreement. The arbitrators ordered Broadreach to pay Four Seasons to terminate the contract." The resort is no longer a Four Seasons. Four Seasons has continued to add more hotels and resorts to its portfolio, notably in China. It opened a new hotel in Hangzhou in 2010 and Guangzhou, Beijing, and a second property in Shanghai in 2012. In India, it has one hotel in Mumbai. In 2013, it opened its first hotel in Russia in the Lobanov-Rostovsky Palace in St. Petersburg, and later opened a second hotel in Moscow.

title: Four Seasons Hotel Vancouver

text: Four Seasons Hotel Vancouver The Four Seasons Hotel Vancouver is a luxury Five Star hotel in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It is Cited as one of Vancouver's top hotels and located in the city's downtown core, connected to the Pacific Centre shopping mall. The Four Seasons Hotel Vancouver is the only property that is still owned and managed by Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts anywhere in the world. In May 2018, it was announced that the Four Seasons Hotel Vancouver will close in 2020. YEW seafood + bar is a seafood restaurant located within the upper lobby of the hotel

title: Auberge Resorts

text: led by Dan Friedkin of Houston, owns Auberge Resorts LLC. Craig Reid, previously President of Four Seasons Hotels & Resorts, is the President and CEO of Auberge Resorts LLC. Auberge Resorts Collection currently includes a portfolio of 17 properties with a number of additional projects in development and due to open in the next two years. Corporate offices are located in Mill Valley, California, with regional offices in Los Angeles, New York City, Denver and London. The Auberge Resorts Collection portfolio consists of Auberge du Soleil, Calistoga Ranch and Solage, Napa Valley, California; Esperanza Resort and Chileno Bay Resort &

title: Four Seasons Resort Maui

text: The Four Seasons hotel was developed by Four Seasons in collaboration with Sekiguchi's TSA International and Shimizu Corporation, with a construction cost of approximately $180 million. It was the first Four Seasons project in Hawaii and, when it opened, was Four Seasons' third resort property. Located on 15 acres, adjacent to the larger, Sekiguchi-developed Grand Wailea resort, the Four Seasons Maui opened on February 9, 1990. In 2000, Shimizu, the owner of the property, tried unsuccessfully to sell it. In 2004, MSD Capital, an investment company controlled by billionaire Michael Dell, bought the resort for $280 million. After running into

title: Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts

text: in 2007 it agreed to a buyout by Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates and Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal of Saudi Arabia for $3.8 billion. The pair own 95 percent of the company, in equal shares, and Sharp owns the rest. Challenges returned again during the financial crisis of 2007–2010. The company made the first corporate layoffs in its history, cutting 10% of its Toronto workforce. In April 2010, after a year-long dispute with Broadreach Capital Partners and Maritz, Wolff & Co., owners of the Aviara resort near San Diego, an arbitration panel ruled that, while both parties contributed to the demise

title: Mandalay Bay


question: what type of boundary was the mexico earthquake

answers: a subduction zone

title: 2010 Baja California earthquake

text: if not longer: the next most recent comparable earthquake—the 1952 Kern County earthquake (M 7.3)—was 58 years earlier. Each of these earthquakes had a similar magnitude, and was also felt across a large swath of North America. Most of the damage occurred in the twin cities of Mexicali and Calexico on the Mexico–United States border. The quake originally was believed to have occurred on the Laguna Salada Fault, which is about to long and straddles the California–Baja California border. The active Laguna Salada Fault ruptured in February 1892 with an estimated 7.2 earthquake. By the distribution of aftershocks and using

title: Tanya Atwater

text: known as the Juan de Fuca Plate.Since the southern section of Farallon completely disappeared, the boundary of southern California was now between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. The San Andreas Fault is unique because it acts as a major fault line as well as a border between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. Tanya Atwater Tanya Atwater (born 1942) is a professor emeritus, American geophysicist and marine geologist, who specializes in plate tectonics, in particular the evolution of the San Andreas Fault plate boundary. Her work focused on the creation of computer-animated multimedia products and

title: 2008 Illinois earthquake

text: border areas of Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky. This broad multi-state zone of intraplate seismicity lay just to the north of the New Madrid Seismic Zone and comprises both strike-slip and dip-slip earthquake mechanisms across numerous named faults, grabens, and anticlines. Rapid development and expansion of services from the United States Geological Survey was taking place in the 2000s in terms earthquake monitoring and information dissemination services. A number of products from it and its subdivisions that relay information to the public over the Internet were displayed during the event. An automated system from the National Earthquake Information Center for example,

title: 1981 Playa Azul earthquake

text: Plate along the Middle America Trench. The area is seismically very active with large thrust type earthquakes occurring along the plate interface and normal fault type earthquakes occurring at a somewhat deeper level within the descending slab. The plate interface seismicity in this area is strongly segmented, with separate Jalisco, Michoacán, Guerrero and Colima segments being recognised. The southeastern end of the Michoacan segment coincides with the broad Orozco fracture zone within the Cocos Plate. During the 1970s, with no major earthquakes recorded since at least 1911, the segment was recognised as a major seismic gap. This earthquake was an

title: Los Angeles metropolitan area

text: (AM), and KSUR. Much of the west coast of North America used to be part of a large convergent plate boundary between the Farallon Plate and North American Plate from 165 to 55 million years ago. Here, the Farallon Plate subducted under the North American Plate creating volcanoes about 100 miles east of this boundary which can still be seen today as the Sierra Nevada which it has its southern border about 30 miles east of Grapevine, California in the Tejon Pass. The Farallon Plate was subjected to high temperatures and pressures as it subducted under the North American Plate.

title: 1887 Sonora earthquake

text: of the extensional Basin and Range Province. The western margin of the Sierra Madre Occidental plateau is formed by a series of west-dipping normal faults, over a distance of at least . The earthquake occurred within this zone. Towns near the epicenter suffered significant damage, particularly in Bavispe, where most houses were destroyed and 42 of the town's 700 inhabitants were killed. Houses of adobe construction were also destroyed in Tepic and Moctezuma. The houses were roofed with heavy log rafters that were untied to the adobe walls and fell in when the walls collapsed. The earthquake triggered many rockfalls

title: 2010 Baja California earthquake

text: of April 2010. It also falls on the state of California's Earthquake Preparedness month, as state and FEMA officials urge the state citizens to take preparations, and schools and businesses conduct earthquake drills across the state. The California Geological survey added 50 new faults to its map of faults several weeks after the earthquake. Geological field work as of April 5, 2010, by Dr. Thomas Rockwell, professor of geology at San Diego State University, indicates about one meter of right-lateral surface faulting and 0.3 to 0.5 meters of vertical road offset on a fault that is located east of Laguna

title: 1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake

text: which are connected to alarms that would alert nearby citizens to the earthquake. More than 500 earthquakes have been measured in the state since 2013, contributing to the reactivation of ancient fault lines. In 2016, the United States Geological Survey made hazard maps for the state, determining a 1% or lower risk of a major earthquake within the next year. Because Sedgwick and Wichita counties could both potentially experience shaking from earthquakes that could not be withstood according to existing building codes, officials in the area proposed changing building codes to meet perceived hazards. Scientists at the United States Geological

title: North American Plate

text: boundary is the Queen Charlotte Fault running offshore along the coast of Alaska and the Cascadia subduction zone to the north, the San Andreas Fault through California, the East Pacific Rise in the Gulf of California, and the Middle America Trench to the south. On its western edge, the Farallon Plate has been subducting under the North American Plate since the Jurassic Period. The Farallon Plate has almost completely subducted beneath the western portion of the North American Plate leaving that part of the North American Plate in contact with the Pacific Plate as the San Andreas Fault. The Juan

title: 2006 Gulf of Mexico earthquake

text: deaths of sixty people. The event occurred near the Cuba Fracture Zone and was well away from the edge of the North American Plate. Randy Cox, an associate professor of earth science at the University of Memphis in Tennessee stated that the source of strain was the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where seafloor spreading was causing compression of the North American Plate. A magnitude 5.2 event in February 2006 may have been associated with the same fault zone. The epicenter of the earthquake was too far offshore for it to be well covered by onshore seismographs and the event's characteristics are therefore

title: 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake

text: Mountains, and along the San Andreas Fault from Mil Potrero (near Pine Mountain Club) in the San Emigdio Mountains to Lake Hughes in the Sierra Pelona Mountains. Accounts of the events' effects varied widely, including the time of the main shock as well as foreshocks that occurred at several locations earlier in the morning. The 1857 earthquake ruptured about of the southern part of the San Andreas Fault, the structure that accommodates most of the displacement along the transform boundary between the North American Plate and the Pacific Plate. The Pacific Plate is moving north relative to the Sierra Nevada-Great

title: 2012 Guerrero–Oaxaca earthquake

text: lie above the convergent boundary where the Cocos Plate is being subducted below the North American Plate at a rate of 6.4 cm/yr (2.5 in/yr). The dip of the subducting slab is about 15° as defined by focal mechanisms and hypocenters of previous earthquakes. Seismicity in this area is characterized by regular megathrust earthquakes along the plate interface. In addition, there have been a series of historic normal fault events within the subducting slab. According to the National Seismological Service (NSS) of Mexico, the epicenter was located in the Oaxaca-Guerrero border, about 30 km south of Ometepec and 8 km

title: 2010 Baja California earthquake

text: Calexico border crossing on California State Route 7 and a section of Interstate 8 were both closed. In El Centro, California, gas leaks, water main breaks, and collapsed chimneys and balconies were reported. A man was injured when he fell during the quake, and another man was injured when a sign fell on him. One city hospital had so many people, that the Salvation Army sent a truck with water canteens and sandwiches. It was felt in downtown Los Angeles, where there were no immediate reports of damage, although the Los Angeles Fire Department was put on alert. It was

title: 1892 Vacaville–Winters earthquakes

text: Wong and Ely specifically labelled it the Coast Range–Sierran Block Boundary Zone and stated that the 1983 Coalinga earthquake (a blind thrust event) occurred within the zone. Each large shock had a high intensity and was felt over roughly the same geographical area. The area over which the initial shock was felt with an intensity of VIII ("Severe") was about 1,100 km and the area for the second shock was about 890 km. The furthest extent that they were felt was from Redding in the north to Salinas and Fresno in the south and to Virginia City, Nevada in the

title: 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake

text: sides of the border. The state Office of Emergency Preparedness declared 61 injuries on the American side and police claimed that 30 were injured in Mexico. The Red Cross stated that cuts from broken glass, bruises from falling objects, and a few broken bones were reported. California's Interstate 8 developed cracks in it, but vehicles were still able to traverse the highway. The California Highway Patrol warned drivers that use of the road would be at their own risk. Damage to the roadways was heavier farther north on California State Route 86 where settling of the road by as much

title: Olancha Earthquake Sequence (2009)

text: long depression town of population 192. This composition of California gives it unique topography, inclusive of the highest and lowest points of the United States, Mount Whitney and Death Valley. The San Andreas Fault is a transform boundary, which lies between the North American Plate and the Pacific Plate and extends 1200 km. A transform boundary in the lithosphere means that two plates create a ‘fracture zone’ and rub against one another, causing stress and resulting in an earthquake. California is located above the San Andreas Fault, and causes the majority of Californian Earthquakes, inclusive of the Olancha Earthquake Series

title: 2003 Colima earthquake

text: the Colima-Guadalajara Highway and the port of Manzanillo. Power and telephone outages occurred in Mexico City. A local tsunami of about 1 m (peak-to-trough) was recorded at Manzanillo. A seiche was observed on Lake Pontchartrain in the US state of Louisiana, and sediment was stirred up in several Louisiana wells. This shallow earthquake occurred in a seismically active zone near the coast of central Mexico. The earthquake occurred near the juncture of three tectonic plates: the North American Plate to the northeast, the Rivera Plate to the northwest, and the Cocos Plate to the south. Both the Rivera Plate and

title: 2014 Guerrero earthquake

text: April 2014 earthquake was located just northwest of the rupture area of a 1957 Guerrero earthquake that measured 7.8 on the moment magnitude scale. Since 1975, 23 earthquakes of magnitude 6.0 or greater have occurred within 200 kilometers of the same area as the April 2014 earthquake. One person was injured when a wall collapsed in the city of Lazaro Cardenas, Michoacan. 30 homes and a few buildings in Morelia sustained minor damage. At least 700 buildings and over 500 homes were damaged in Guerrero, and 21 homes collapsed. Building and home damage was also reported in capital Mexico City

title: 1985 Mexico City earthquake

text: over a hundred feet into the stable earth stratum. Mexico City is divided into boroughs. Eighty percent of the earthquake damage was confined to four of them: Venustiano Carranza, Cuauhtémoc, Benito Juárez and Gustavo A. Madero. The damage area corresponds to the western part of the lake zone within two to four kilometers of the Alameda Central. Nearly all the buildings that collapsed were located in this lake zone that extended from Tlatelolco in the north to Viaducto Miguel Alemán in the south, Chapultepec Park in the west and to a short distance east of the Zócalo or main plaza.

title: 2017 Central Mexico earthquake

text: Mexico is one of the world's most seismically active regions, sitting atop several intersecting tectonic plates. The border between the Cocos Plate and North American Plate, along the Pacific Coast of Mexico, creates a subduction zone that generates large seismic events.  Activity along the edges of the Rivera and Caribbean plates also generate seismic events. All together, these seismic forces cause an average of 40 earthquakes a day in Mexico.

title: 1932 Jalisco earthquakes

text: have initiated near Manzanillo, propagating to the northwest, although early reports from seismologists placed the epicenter farther southeast near the border of Oaxaca and Guerrero. The length of the rupture is estimated to be about 220 km. Seismometers located in New York, London, and Pasadena, California all measured the earthquake. Carlos Valdez, director of the National Seismology Center at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, called the earthquake the most powerful quake in modern Mexican history. The earthquake triggered a tsunami that had a maximum run-up height of 3 m at Bahia San Pedrito in Manzanillo. The tsunami was also

title: 1999 Tehuacán earthquake

text: in the Middle America Trench. This was an intraslab earthquake, and the epicenter had some distance from the Middle American Trench. This was the tenth earthquake since 1864 with magnitude larger than 6.5 and similar location of epicenter. 1999 Tehuacán earthquake The 1999 Tehuacán earthquake, or the 1999 Central Mexico earthquake, occurred on June 15 at 15:42 local time (20:42 UTC) near Tehuacán, Puebla, Mexico, close to the state of Oaxaca. The earthquake measured 7.0 on the moment magnitude scale. Fourteen people were reported dead, and many historic buildings and monuments were damaged. 5,306 houses were destroyed, 15,688 partially damaged,

title: 1985 Mexico City earthquake

text: occurred in the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of the Mexican state of Michoacán, a distance of more than 350 km (217 mi) from the city, in the Cocos Plate subduction zone, specifically in a section of the fault line known as the Michoacán seismic gap. The Cocos Plate pushes against and slides under the North American Plate, primarily along the coasts of the states of Michoacán and Guerrero in Mexico. Volatile trenches along the Cocos plate generally have had seismic events 30 to 70 years before 1985. This subduction zone outside the Michoacán gap was the source of 42

title: 1877 Iquique earthquake

text: and northern Chile and was observed across the Pacific Ocean, in Australia, New Zealand, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Hawaii, Mexico, California and Japan. At Arica eight separate large waves were recorded. The rupture area of the 1877 earthquake has been recognised as one of the major seismic gaps on the plate boundary, known as the "Northern Chile Seismic Gap". The = 7.7 2007 Tocopilla earthquake occurred at the southern edge of the gap, but is not considered to have necessarily reduced the risk of a great megathrust earthquake within this area. In 2005, a recurrence period of 135 years was estimated

title: 1992 Cape Mendocino earthquakes

text: (west of present-day Baja California) when the Pacific-Farallon spreading center initially approached the subduction zone off the coast of western North America. Simultaneously, the Rivera Triple Junction shifted to the southeast to its current position at 23° N. Once the Pacific Plate and North American Plate connected the boundary became that of a transform fault (San Andreas) due to the northwestward motion of the Pacific Plate relative to the North American Plate. The San Andreas Fault continues to lengthen to the northwest and the southeast as the two triple junctions continue their transient motion. North of the Mendocino Triple Junction,

title: 2018 Oaxaca earthquake

text: also 15 people injured. Oaxaca lies on the destructive plate boundary where the Cocos Plate is being subducted beneath the North American Plate. In the region of this earthquake, the Cocos Plate moves approximately northeastward at a rate of 60 mm/yr. The earthquake occurred as a result of thrust faulting at a shallow depth. The depth and focal mechanism solutions of the event are consistent with its occurrence on the subduction zone interface between these plates, approximately 90 km northeast of the Middle America Trench. Historically, several significant earthquakes have occurred along the southern coast of Mexico. In 1932, a

title: Brawley Seismic Zone

text: earthquake and the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake. There was more than of surface rupture associated with the 1979 event along the northwest trending Imperial fault from just north of the Mexico–United States border to an area south of Brawley and the BSZ was found to have ruptured, with surface cracks, for a length of . The 1940 and 1979 mainshocks were of similar size and both were followed by damaging aftershocks near Brawley. Sources Brawley Seismic Zone The Brawley Seismic Zone (BSZ), also known as the Brawley fault zone, is a predominantly extensional tectonic zone that connects the southern terminus

title: 1787 New Spain earthquake

text: magnitude of this earthquake has been estimated from contemporary reports of seismic intensity. Analysis of other subduction interface earthquakes along this margin suggest that the extent of shaking of VIII or greater on the Mercalli intensity scale matches well with the rupture extent for each event. This suggests that the 1787 rupture extended for about 450 km along the coast, providing an estimate of magnitude 8.6, based on scaling against other similar earthquakes. The tsunami triggered by the earthquake affected the Mexican Pacific coast for more than 500 km along the shores of Oaxaca, Guerrero and Chiapas. The maximum wave

title: 1932 Jalisco earthquakes

text: the series caused significant damage, injuries, and deaths, and in each case tsunamis of various heights were generated, with the June 22 catastrophic tsunami in Cuyutlán and San Blas being described as one of the most destructive events in the region based on all available historical records. This part of Mexico lies on a complex convergent boundary where the Rivera Plate and the Cocos Plate are being subducted beneath the North American Plate. The transform boundary between the Rivera and Cocos Plates is poorly defined. This earthquake is thought to have ruptured the south-easternmost segment of the interface involving the

title: Japan Trench Fast Drilling Project

text: earthquake. This confirms previous suggestions that the earthquake had a complete stress drop, which is different from most other large earthquakes. From the core samples, geologic structure data and measurements of physical properties, a single plate-boundary fault zone was identified with a high level of confidence at a depth of about 820 meters below the seafloor. The fault is localized in a thin layer of highly deformed pelagic clays. The entire section of the fault zone was not retrieved, but from the amount of the recovered and unrecovered sections, the total width of the fault zone is determined to be

title: 2017 Central Mexico earthquake


question: who played michael jackson in jackson 5 movie

answers: Alex Burrall

answers: Abolade David Olatunde

answers: Wylie Draper

answers: Jason Weaver

title: Michael Jackson (actor)

text: Michael Jackson (actor) Michael Jackson (born November 8, 1970) is a Canadian actor, grip, gaffer and known for his acting role as "Trevor" in the comedy TV series "Trailer Park Boys" (2001–2006) and the later film "" (2006). Jackson was born in Ottawa, Ontario and grew up in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, where he currently lives. He has contributed to the local music scene with many group and solo projects, including Moral Support, Aimless, Thruster, The Thursday Toads, Pink Kitten, Defense Andrew, The Sycamores, Rick of The Skins, El Groupo De Rock, Vavoom, T-Bag, The Olympian and most recently Doug Mason.

title: Space Channel 5

text: when taken over by aliens. He said 'yeah.' We initially had five aliens who danced. One of them became Michael Jackson." He had a more prominent role in "" where he became the new head of Space Channel 5. While Ulala is distracted by a fake scoop, the headquarters are attacked and Space Michael is kidnapped by Purge and the Rhythm Rogues and has to be rescued by Ulala in a level featuring several of Jackson's trademark dance moves. He then joins Ulala in facing up against Purge. In both versions of the game, Jackson speaks in English, which is

title: Michael Jackson (actor)

text: He is also an IATSE 849 member and has been working as a grip since 1998. Actor - Film titles and associated role: Crewman - Film titles and associated crew job: Michael Jackson (actor) Michael Jackson (born November 8, 1970) is a Canadian actor, grip, gaffer and known for his acting role as "Trevor" in the comedy TV series "Trailer Park Boys" (2001–2006) and the later film "" (2006). Jackson was born in Ottawa, Ontario and grew up in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, where he currently lives. He has contributed to the local music scene with many group and solo projects,

title: Space Channel 5

text: the U.S. from my partner - the executive producer of "Space Channel 5" - and he said, 'Oh, Michael wants to act in "Space Channel 5".' I said, 'Who's Michael?' 'Who is Michael Jackson?' he said, "'The" Michael Jackson - the "real" Michael Jackson'. My partner had shown him the 60-to-70 percent complete version, when it was almost at the end of the game. We had one month to finalize. But Michael wanted to do something, so we suggested that if he was OK with it, we could program the people in the game to do the Michael Jackson dance

title: Barry Evans (EastEnders)

text: (as Barry) played the Michael Jackson role, while Lucy Speed (as Natalie) took on Ola Ray’s role as his date. The spoof saw Natalie transformed into a zombie, as Jackson was in the original video. Several cast members took part in the spoof where they recreated the dance routine made famous in the original video. Following his stint on "EastEnders", Shaun Williamson had a regular role as a comically unemployable version of himself in the Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant comedy series "Extras", in which his career has bogged down partially as a result of the incompetence of his agent

title: Trevor Jackson (performer)

text: Trevor Jackson (performer) Trevor Howard Lawrence Jackson (born August 30, 1996) is an American singer, actor, songwriter, and dancer. He is best known for portraying Kevin Blake on Syfy original series "Eureka", Kris McDuffy on Disney Channel's television movie "Let It Shine", and Kevin LaCroix on "American Crime". Other notable appearances include Broadway musical "The Lion King", where he played the Young Simba, and television guest star roles on both "Cold Case" and "Harry's Law". In 2012, he won the Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Series. In 2018, he starred as the lead of the crime

title: Michael Jackson-related games

text: within the final game. Jackson makes a cameo appearance as Space Michael in "Space Channel 5", near the end of the game. Space Michael (スペースマイケル, Supēsu Maikeru) is member of Space Channel 5, based on Jackson and voiced by him. First appearing as a cameo in Part 1, he has a more involved role in Part 2. After being rescued by Ulala from the Rhythm Rogues, Michael uses his singing skills against a singing robot and joins her to fight against Purge. Jackson had a more prominent role in "" where he became the new head of Space Channel 5.

title: Ashley Campbell (actor)

text: at the Michael Jackson Heal the world charity launch Sponsored by Pepsi. Michael Jackson was in attendance. He made his west end debut at age eleven in the children's chorus of Carmen Jones at the Old Vic directed by Simon Callow. The following year he went on to play one of the snow children in the Olivier award winning production of carousel at the Royal National Theatre. At 16 he was accepted onto the Musical Theatre course at Art's Educational London School, where he was the recipient of the Ned Sherrin Award for Most Outstanding All Round Performance in his

title: Michael Kasaija

text: Michael Kasaija Michael Kasaija is a Ugandan actor, model, choreographer and dancer. He debuted as a lead actor in the 2015 film "Bala Bala Sese" alongside his longtime girlfriend Natasha Sinayobye. Michael was raised in Kampala Uganda and went school at Busoga College, Mwiri and at Caltec Academy. At Makerere University, Michael juggled a business administration degree with choreography for inter-hall competitions and variety shows. Steve Jean continuously hired Michael after school to be his king dancer, an exposure that landed him to Pamela Basasirwaki, whom he started dating. As a member of The Obsessions Dance Group, Pamela introduced him

title: The Jackson 5ive (TV series)

text: of Halas and Batchelor, and some animation done at Estudios Moro, Barcelona, Spain and Topcraft, Japan. The director was Spanish-American Robert Balser. Due to high demands on the group, the roles of Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, and Michael were played by voice actors, with records of the group's songs being used for the musical tracks of the show. The group did make some contribution to the cartoon in the form of live photographs of each member morphing into a cartoon which was shown in the title screen medley. Although the musical scenes of the cartoon were chiefly animation, an occasional

title: Michael Kasaija

text: one of the judges of NTV's Talent Xp alongside musicians, Isiah Katumwa, Jackie Chandiru and Bebe Cool. Kasaija has a son with Natasha Sinayobye. Michael Kasaija Michael Kasaija is a Ugandan actor, model, choreographer and dancer. He debuted as a lead actor in the 2015 film "Bala Bala Sese" alongside his longtime girlfriend Natasha Sinayobye. Michael was raised in Kampala Uganda and went school at Busoga College, Mwiri and at Caltec Academy. At Makerere University, Michael juggled a business administration degree with choreography for inter-hall competitions and variety shows. Steve Jean continuously hired Michael after school to be his king

title: Diana Ross Presents The Jackson 5

text: Diana Ross Presents The Jackson 5 Diana Ross Presents The Jackson 5 is the debut studio album from Gary, Indiana-based soul family band the Jackson 5, released on the Motown label in December 1969. The Jackson 5's lead singer, a preteenage boy named Michael (who later became a universally-recognized pop star on his own and "The King of Pop"), and his older brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon, became pop successes within months of this album's release. "Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5's" only single, "I Want You Back", became a number-one hit on the "Billboard" Hot 100 within weeks

title: The Wiz (film)

text: their Motown days. Rob Cohen, head of Motown Productions, thought Jackson would be perfect for the role of the Scarecrow, and approached Berry Gordy with the idea, who agreed, though director Sidney Lumet was harder to convince. Lumet wanted Jimmie Walker, star of TV’s Good Times, telling Cohen “Michael Jackson’s a Vegas act. The Jackson 5’s a Vegas act.” Quincy Jones was also skeptical of Jackson, but after Cohen arranged a meeting, flying 19-year-old Jackson to New York, Lumet and Jones saw the qualities that Cohen saw. Jackson's father, Joseph Jackson, was wary of the project and saw it as

title: Jackie Jackson

text: group, which included Jackie and his brothers Tito and Jermaine. The group included younger brothers Marlon and Michael playing assorted percussive instruments. By 1966, Joseph made Michael the lead singer and within two years, they emerged professionally under the name the Jackson Five, which was later altered to a numeral 5 after signing with Motown in 1969. Prior to the group signing with Motown, Jackson wanted to pursue a career in professional baseball. Jackson performed with a high tenor singing voice. He added brief lead parts in some of the Jackson 5's hit singles, including "I Want You Back" and

title: Michael Jackson

text: Michael Jackson Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter and dancer. Dubbed the "King of Pop", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century and is also regarded as one of the greatest entertainers of all time. Jackson's contributions to music, dance, and fashion, along with his publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades. The eighth child of the Jackson family, Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon

title: Paris Jackson

text: Paris Jackson Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson (born April 3, 1998) is an American actress, model, and singer. She is the second child and only daughter of Michael Jackson and Debbie Rowe. Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson was born on April 3, 1998, at Spaulding Pain Medical Clinic in Beverly Hills, California. She was named after the French city in which she was conceived. She is the middle child and only daughter of singer Michael Jackson and younger child of Debbie Rowe. She has one older brother, Michael Joseph Jackson, Jr. (“Prince”) and one younger half-brother, Prince Michael Jackson II ("Blanket"). Jackson was raised

title: Marlon Jackson

text: Marlon Jackson Marlon David Jackson (born March 12, 1957) is an American entertainer, singer, and dancer. Jackson was a member of the Jackson 5; and he is the sixth child of the Jackson family. Marlon David Jackson was born on March 12, 1957 in Gary, Indiana, to Joseph and Katherine Jackson as the sixth child of the Jackson family. Marlon's twin brother, Brandon, died within 24 hours of their birth. Marlon and his twin brother were several weeks premature. Marlon attended Cal Prep in Encino, California and was graduated in 1975. While Marlon was still a child, his older brothers

title: Michael J. Jackson

text: Michael J. Jackson Michael J. Jackson (born 19 January 1948) is an English actor. Jackson studied at the University of London and then joined repertory theatre in Sheffield, followed by Coventry, Birmingham and Edinburgh. He appeared in several theatre productions early on in his career, including a West End production with Rowan Atkinson and Watford's Palace Theatre's production of "The Incident at Tulse Hill". He won the Evening Standard British Film Award for Most Promising Newcomer Actor in 1978. He continues to work in theatres across the country throughout his career, including a stint as Duke Frederick in Shakespeare's "As

title: Michael Jackson videography

text: Michael Jackson videography American entertainer Michael Jackson (1958–2009) debuted on the professional music scene at age five as a member of The Jackson 5 and began a solo career in 1971 while still part of the group. Jackson has been referred to as the "King of Music Videos" in subsequent years. Jackson had seven of his solo albums promoted with music videos. In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular culture and the first African American entertainer to have a strong crossover fanbase on MTV. The popularity of his music videos that aired on MTV, such as

title: The Jacksons: An American Dream

title: Jermaine Jackson

text: with him in court on many occasions. On June 25, 2009, Jermaine held a press conference at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center and broke the news of Michael Jackson's death to the media. Jermaine Jackson Jermaine La Jaune Jackson (born December 11, 1954) is an American singer, songwriter, bass guitarist, and member of the Jackson family. He was a member of The Jackson Five, a singing group composed of four of his brothers and him, from 1962 to 1975, where he was the second lead vocalist (after brother Michael) and played bass guitar. He sang the lead on some of

title: Michael Jackson (English singer)

text: Michael Jackson (English singer) Michael Jackson is a UK male singer who was lead vocalist with the heavy metal band Satan/Pariah. Jackson was born in Lancaster, Lancashire in 1964 to parents Estelle and Michael Jackson. He was brought up by his mother in Morecambe, Lancashire from an early age. A fanatical Queen fan Jackson dreamed of being a rock singer like his idol Freddie Mercury. Entering the Merchant Navy straight from school he spent five years sailing all over the world while singing with the band Rough Edge between assignments. Eventually he decided to answer an advertisement, learned the required

title: Marlon Jackson

text: Jackie, Tito, and Jermaine formed an early incarnation of what would become the Jackson 5. Marlon and younger brother Michael soon joined the group, initially as percussionists. In the early years of the group, Marlon had trouble singing and keeping up with dance steps. While Michael was more of a natural, Marlon had to work a little harder. However, through his perseverance, he became a proficient singer, songwriter, producer, and especially a dancer, where he is known for being the main choreographer behind many of the group's signature dance routines such as the Funk Shovel and what is known as

title: Michael J. Jackson

text: he will co-direct with Phil Middlemiss (also on the panel). In October 2010, he joined the cast of "Emmerdale", playing the character Jerry Walsh. In September 2012, Jackson appeared in "Coronation Street" as the character Sid Altree. Michael J. Jackson Michael J. Jackson (born 19 January 1948) is an English actor. Jackson studied at the University of London and then joined repertory theatre in Sheffield, followed by Coventry, Birmingham and Edinburgh. He appeared in several theatre productions early on in his career, including a West End production with Rowan Atkinson and Watford's Palace Theatre's production of "The Incident at Tulse

title: The Jackson 5

text: The Jackson 5 The Jackson 5 (later known as The Jacksons) were an American pop band composed of members of the Jackson family. The group was founded in 1964 in Gary, Indiana by brothers Jackie, Tito, and Jermaine Jackson, with younger brothers Marlon and Michael joining soon after. They performed in talent shows and clubs on the Chitlin' Circuit, then signed with Steeltown Records in 1967 and released two singles. In 1969, they left Steeltown Records and signed with Motown, where they achieved 16 top-40 singles on the Hot 100. The group left Motown for Epic Records in 1975, with

title: Jackson family

text: as "Prince", Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson (b. April 3, 1998), and Prince Michael Jackson II also known as "Blanket" now called "Bigi" (b. February 21, 2002), have been discussed in the press numerous times throughout their lives, particularly since their father's death in 2009. Rebbie, Tito, Jackie, Jermaine and Janet Jackson have also had children, who have come under varying degrees of media focus. Austin Brown (b. 1985), the only son of Rebbie Jackson, is a singer and songwriter who has released several successful singles in the pop/R&B genre. Tito Jackson's three sons, Toriano Adaryll "Taj" Jackson, Jr. (b. 1973), Taryll

title: The Jackson 5ive (TV series)

text: The Jackson 5ive (TV series) The Jackson 5ive is a Saturday morning cartoon series produced by Rankin/Bass and Motown Productions on ABC from September 11, 1971 to October 14, 1972; a fictionalized portrayal of the careers of Motown recording group the Jackson 5. The series was rebroadcast in syndication through during the 1984–1985 Saturday morning season, during a period when Michael Jackson was riding a major wave of popularity as a solo artist. It also briefly re-aired in 1999 on TV Land as part of their "Super Retrovision Saturdaze" lineup. The series was animated mainly in London at the studios

title: The Jackson 5

text: The Jacksons) The Jackson 5 The Jackson 5 (later known as The Jacksons) were an American pop band composed of members of the Jackson family. The group was founded in 1964 in Gary, Indiana by brothers Jackie, Tito, and Jermaine Jackson, with younger brothers Marlon and Michael joining soon after. They performed in talent shows and clubs on the Chitlin' Circuit, then signed with Steeltown Records in 1967 and released two singles. In 1969, they left Steeltown Records and signed with Motown, where they achieved 16 top-40 singles on the Hot 100. The group left Motown for Epic Records in

title: Thriller – Live

text: Smith Jr.. The following year, Grant, backed by Flying Music, began production for a UK Tour featuring the talents of Shaheen Jafargholi depicting the young Michael in the Jackson 5. The adult singers included Pop Idol star Zoe Birkett and Filipino-Australian vocalist Mig Ayesa. The show played a successful set of dates throughout May and June 2007, and later that year it toured in Europe. Production for the West End version began in 2008, when open auditions were held to find a young actor to play Jackson. Ultimately six people would play the singer, going through the various stages of

title: The Jackson 5

text: guitar. Tito, Jermaine, and Jackie later formed their own group, with Michael (age 5) playing congas and childhood friends Reynaud Jones and Milford Hite playing keyboards and drums. Marlon joined on tambourine in August 1965, when Evelyn LaHaie suggested that the group name themselves the Jackson Five Singing Group. In 1965, the group won a talent show at Theodore Roosevelt High School in Gary, Indiana. Jermaine performed several Motown numbers, including the Temptations' "My Girl", and Michael performed Robert Parker's "Barefootin'". Johnny Jackson and Ronnie Rancifer eventually replaced Hite and Jones. After several more talent show wins, Joe Jackson booked

title: The Jacksons: An American Dream

long_answer: The miniseries stars Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs as the Jacksons' patriarch Joseph Jackson, Angela Bassett as the family matriarch Katherine Jackson, Alex Burrall, Jason Weaver and Wylie Draper played Michael Jackson in different eras, while Bumper Robinson and Terrence Howard played Jackie Jackson in different eras, Shakiem Jamar Evans and Angel Vargas played Tito Jackson, Margaret Avery as Katherine's mother Martha Scruse, Holly Robinson Peete as Diana Ross, Billy Dee Williams as Berry Gordy and Vanessa L. Williams as Suzanne de Passe. The opening titles of the film shows footage of the real Jacksons rehearsing, performing on stage, a few clips from the "Can You Feel It" music video, album covers, magazine covers and pictures of the family. The film is mostly based on the autobiography written by Katherine Jackson, who issued the 1990 autobiography, My Family. Part one of the film was based on how Joseph and Katherine managed to raise their children, first in Gary, Indiana, then later dealing with The Jackson 5's early fame and its consequences. Part two of the film is based on the struggles of young Michael Jackson as he deals with his brothers marrying early into The Jackson 5 success, his problems with acne as a teenager, his eventual solo superstardom based on the success of his albums Off the Wall and Thriller and his legendary Motown 25 performance of "Billie Jean" as well as his difficult relationship with his father.