question: what is the common name for gravitational force

answers: Gravity

answers: Gravity, or gravitation

title: G-force

text: G-force The gravitational force, or more commonly, g-force, is a measurement of the type of acceleration that causes a perception of weight. Despite the name, it is incorrect to consider g-force a fundamental force, as "g-force" is a type of acceleration that can be measured with an accelerometer. Since g-force accelerations indirectly produce weight, any g-force can be described as a "weight per unit mass" (see the synonym specific weight). When the g-force acceleration is produced by the surface of one object being pushed by the surface of another object, the reaction force to this push produces an equal and

title: Gravitational acceleration

text: Gravitational acceleration In physics, gravitational acceleration is the acceleration on an object caused by the force of gravitation. Neglecting friction such as air resistance, all small bodies accelerate in a gravitational field at the same rate relative to the center of mass. This equality is true regardless of the masses or compositions of the bodies. At different points on Earth, objects fall with an acceleration between and depending on altitude and latitude, with a conventional standard value of exactly 9.80665 m/s (approximately 32.174 ft/s). This does not take into account other effects, such as buoyancy or drag. Newton's law of

title: Newton's law of universal gravitation

text: scalar form given earlier, except that F is now a vector quantity, and the right hand side is multiplied by the appropriate unit vector. Also, it can be seen that F = −F. The gravitational field is a vector field that describes the gravitational force which would be applied on an object in any given point in space, per unit mass. It is actually equal to the gravitational acceleration at that point. It is a generalisation of the vector form, which becomes particularly useful if more than 2 objects are involved (such as a rocket between the Earth and the

title: Gravitational acceleration

text: than, say, the altitude above a planet's surface.) If one of the masses is much larger than the other, it is convenient to define a gravitational field around the larger mass as follows: where formula_7 is the mass of the larger body, and formula_8 is a unit vector directed from the large mass to the smaller mass. The negative sign indicates that the force is an attractive force. In that way, the force acting upon the smaller mass can be calculated as: where formula_10 is the force vector, formula_11 is the smaller mass, and formula_12 is a vector pointing toward

title: Gravitational acceleration

text: Einstein's theory, masses distort spacetime in their vicinity, and other particles move in trajectories determined by the geometry of spacetime. The gravitational force is a fictitious force. There is no gravitational acceleration, in that the proper acceleration and hence four-acceleration of objects in free fall are zero. Rather than undergoing an acceleration, objects in free fall travel along straight lines (geodesics) on the curved spacetime. Gravitational acceleration In physics, gravitational acceleration is the acceleration on an object caused by the force of gravitation. Neglecting friction such as air resistance, all small bodies accelerate in a gravitational field at the same

title: Specific force

text: Specific force Specific force is defined as the non-gravitational force per unit mass. Specific force (also called g-force and mass-specific force) is measured in meters/second² (m·s) which is the units for acceleration. Thus, specific force is not actually a force, but a type of acceleration. However, the (mass-)specific force is not a coordinate-acceleration, but rather a proper acceleration, which is the acceleration relative to free-fall. Forces, specific forces, and proper accelerations are the same in all reference frames, but coordinate accelerations are frame-dependent. For free bodies, the specific force is the cause of, and a measure of, the body's proper

title: Tidal force

text: a straight line under the influence of a gravitational field while still being influenced by (changing) tidal acceleration. By Newton's law of universal gravitation and laws of motion, a body of mass "m" at distance "R" from the center of a sphere of mass "M" feels a force formula_1, equivalent to an acceleration formula_3, where formula_5 is a unit vector pointing from the body "M" to the body "m" (here, acceleration from "m" towards "M" has negative sign). Consider now the acceleration due to the sphere of mass "M" experienced by a particle in the vicinity of the body of

title: Tidal force

text: Moon): it is the difference between the force exerted by the third body on the second and the force exerted by the third body on the first. A gravitational force is not the same as a gravitational field. A "gravitational field" extends into the space around a massive body, and results in a "gravitational force" on other massive bodies, depending on the distance and mass of those bodies. The strength of the gravitational field decreases as the inverse square of distance from the massive body. "Tidal force" is not a force, but rather a difference in gravitational field strength. The

title: G-force

text: another name that has been used for g-force. The term g-force is technically incorrect as it is a measure of "acceleration", not force. While acceleration is a vector quantity, g-force accelerations ("g-forces" for short) are often expressed as a scalar, with positive g-forces pointing downward (indicating upward acceleration), and negative g-forces pointing upward. Thus, a g-force is a vector of acceleration. It is an acceleration that must be produced by a mechanical force, and cannot be produced by simple gravitation. Objects acted upon "only" by gravitation experience (or "feel") no g-force, and are weightless. G-forces, when multiplied by a mass

title: Weight

text: However, some textbooks also take weight to be a scalar by defining: The gravitational acceleration varies from place to place. Sometimes, it is simply taken to have a standard value of , which gives the standard weight. The force whose magnitude is equal to "mg" newtons is also known as the m kilogram weight (which term is abbreviated to kg-wt) In the operational definition, the weight of an object is the force measured by the operation of weighing it, which is the force it exerts on its support. Since, W=downward force on the body by the centre of earth, and

title: Gravitational field

text: particle of mass is a vector field consisting at every point of a vector pointing directly towards the particle. The magnitude of the field at every point is calculated applying the universal law, and represents the force per unit mass on any object at that point in space. Because the force field is conservative, there is a scalar potential energy per unit mass, , at each point in space associated with the force fields; this is called gravitational potential. The gravitational field equation is where is the gravitational force, is the mass of the test particle, is the position of

title: Gravitational constant

text: Gravitational constant The gravitational constant (also known as the "universal gravitational constant", the "Newtonian constant of gravitation", or the "Cavendish gravitational constant"), denoted by the letter , is an empirical physical constant involved in the calculation of gravitational effects in Sir Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. In Newton's law, it is the proportionality constant connecting the gravitational force between two bodies with the product of their masses and the inverse square of their distance. In the Einstein field equations, it quantifies the relation between the geometry of spacetime and the energy–momentum

title: Gravitational constant

text: can also be normalized as ) is also known as Einstein's constant. The gravitational constant is a physical constant that is difficult to measure with high accuracy. This is because the gravitational force is extremely weak as compared to other fundamental forces. In SI units, the 2014 CODATA-recommended value of the gravitational constant (with standard uncertainty in parentheses) is: This corresponds to a relative standard uncertainty of (46 ppm). The dimensions assigned to the gravitational constant are force times length squared divided by mass squared; this is equivalent to length cubed, divided by mass and by time squared: In SI

title: Normal force

text: the weight of the object), that is, formula_2, where "m" is mass, and "g" is the gravitational field strength (about 9.81 m/s on Earth). The normal force here represents the force applied by the table against the object that prevents it from sinking through the table and requires that the table is sturdy enough to deliver this normal force without breaking. However, it is easy to assume that the normal force and weight are action-reaction force pairs (a common mistake). In this case, the normal force and weight need to be equal in magnitude to explain why there is no

title: Gravitational metric system

text: which follows the tradition of pound-force (lbf). In other, international contexts the special name "pond" (p) or "kilopond" (kp) respectively is more frequent. The hyl, metric slug (mug), or TME (German: technische Masseneinheit, technical mass unit), is the mass that accelerates at 1 m/s under a force of 1 kgf. The hyl has also been used as the unit of mass in a metre–gram-force–second (mgfs) system. The (only) gravitational unit of pressure is the technical atmosphere (at). It is the gravitational force of one kilogram, i.e. 1 kgf, exerted on an area of one square centimetre. There is no dedicated

title: Gravitational acceleration

text: universal gravitation states that there is a gravitational force between any two masses that is equal in magnitude for each mass, and is aligned to draw the two masses toward each other. The formula is: where formula_2 and formula_3 are the two masses, formula_4 is the gravitational constant, and formula_5 is the distance between the two masses. The formula was derived for planetary motion where the distances between the planets and the Sun made it reasonable to consider the bodies to be point masses. (For a satellite in orbit, the 'distance' refers to the distance from the mass centers rather

title: Gravitational field

text: equals the vector sum of the forces it would experience in these individual fields. This is mathematically i.e. the gravitational field on mass is the sum of all gravitational fields due to all other masses "m", except the mass itself. The unit vector is in the direction of . In general relativity, the Christoffel symbols play the role of the gravitational force field and the metric tensor plays the role of the gravitational potential. In general relativity, the gravitational field is determined by solving the Einstein field equations Here is the stress–energy tensor, is the Einstein tensor, and is the

title: Force

text: equivalent to 1000 lbf. See also Ton-force. See force gauge, spring scale, load cell Force In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (which includes to begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate. Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity. It is measured in the SI unit of newtons and represented by the symbol F. The original form of

title: Force

text: with the accelerations of their orbits allows scientists to calculate the gravitational forces on planets. Whenever one body exerts a force on another, the latter simultaneously exerts an equal and opposite force on the first. In vector form, if formula_8 is the force of body 1 on body 2 and formula_9 that of body 2 on body 1, then This law is sometimes referred to as the "action-reaction law", with formula_11 called the "action" and formula_12 the "reaction". Newton's Third Law is a result of applying symmetry to situations where forces can be attributed to the presence of different objects.

title: Gravity

text: Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another, including objects ranging from atoms and photons, to planets and stars. Since energy and mass are equivalent, all forms of energy (including light) cause gravitation and are under the influence of it. On Earth, gravity gives weight to physical objects, and the Moon's gravity causes the ocean tides. The gravitational attraction of the original gaseous matter present in the Universe caused it to begin coalescing, forming stars – and for the stars to group together into galaxies – so gravity is responsible for many of the large scale structures in the Universe. Gravity has an infinite range, although its effects become increasingly weaker on farther objects.

title: Gravitational acceleration

text: for objects on the surface of the Earth, or aircraft that rotate with the Earth, one has to account for the fact that the Earth is rotating and the centrifugal acceleration has to be subtracted from this. For example, the equation above gives the acceleration at 9.820 m/s, when , and The centripetal radius is , and the centripetal time unit is approximately reduces this, for to 9.79379 m/s, which is closer to the observed value. In Einstein's theory of general relativity, gravitation is an attribute of curved spacetime instead of being due to a force propagated between bodies. In

title: Tidal force

text: difference that causes a body to get stretched. Thus, the tidal force is also known as the differential force, as well as a secondary effect of the gravitational field. In celestial mechanics, the expression "tidal force" can refer to a situation in which a body or material (for example, tidal water) is mainly under the gravitational influence of a second body (for example, the Earth), but is also perturbed by the gravitational effects of a third body (for example, the Moon). The perturbing force is sometimes in such cases called a tidal force (for example, the perturbing force on the

title: G-force

text: opposite weight for every unit of an object's mass. The types of forces involved are transmitted through objects by interior mechanical stresses. The g-force acceleration (except certain electromagnetic force influences) is the cause of an object's acceleration in relation to free fall. The g-force acceleration experienced by an object is due to the vector sum of all non-gravitational and non-electromagnetic forces acting on an object's freedom to move. In practice, as noted, these are surface-contact forces between objects. Such forces cause stresses and strains on objects, since they must be transmitted from an object surface. Because of these strains, large

title: Mass

text: This particular equivalence often referred to as the "Galilean equivalence principle" or the "weak equivalence principle" has the most important consequence for freely falling objects. Suppose an object has inertial and gravitational masses "m" and "M", respectively. If the only force acting on the object comes from a gravitational field "g", the force on the object is: Given this force, the acceleration of the object can be determined by Newton's second law: Putting these together, the gravitational acceleration is given by: This says that the ratio of gravitational to inertial mass of any object is equal to some constant "K"

title: Torque

text: equation motivates the alternate unit name "joules per radian". In Imperial units, "pound-force-feet" (lbf⋅ft), "foot-pounds-force", "inch-pounds-force", "ounce-force-inches" (ozf⋅in) are used, and other non-SI units of torque includes "metre-kilograms-force". For all these units, the word "force" is often left out. For example, abbreviating "pound-force-foot" to simply "pound-foot" (in this case, it would be implicit that the "pound" is pound-force and not pound-mass). This is an example of the confusion caused by the use of English units that may be avoided with SI units because of the careful distinction in SI between force (in newtons) and mass (in kilograms). Torque is sometimes

title: Gravity

text: physics as exerting an attractive force on all objects. Assuming a spherically symmetrical planet, the strength of this field at any given point above the surface is proportional to the planetary body's mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the center of the body. The strength of the gravitational field is numerically equal to the acceleration of objects under its influence. The rate of acceleration of falling objects near the Earth's surface varies very slightly depending on latitude, surface features such as mountains and ridges, and perhaps unusually high or low sub-surface densities. For purposes of

title: Mass versus weight

text: the same weight-force is distributed to the surface of the Earth as when the plane was on the runway, but spread over a larger area. A better scientific definition of mass is its description as being composed of inertia, which is the resistance of an object being accelerated when acted on by an external force. Gravitational "weight" is the force created when a mass is acted upon by a gravitational field and the object is not allowed to free-fall, but is supported or retarded by a mechanical force, such as the surface of a planet. Such a force constitutes weight.

title: Gravitational metric system

text: Gravitational metric system The gravitational metric system (original French term ) is a non-standard system of units, which does not comply with the International System of Units (SI). It is built on the three base quantities length, time and force with base units metre, second and kilopond respectively. Internationally used abbreviations of the system are MKpS, MKfS or MKS (from French or ). However, the abbreviation MKS is also used for the MKS system of units, which, like the SI, uses mass in kilogram as a base unit. Nowadays, the mass as a property of an object and its weight,

title: Reaction (physics)

text: (ignoring all other celestial bodies for the moment) is to say that they both orbit around the center of mass, referred to in astronomy as the barycenter, of the combined system. Any mass on earth is pulled down by the gravitational force of the earth; this force is also called its weight. The corresponding 'reaction' is the gravitational force that mass exerts on the planet. If the object is supported so that it remains at rest, for instance by a cable from which it is hanging, or by a surface underneath, or by a liquid on which it is floating,

title: Mass

text: newtons) measures an object's resistance to deviating from its natural course of free fall, which can be influenced by the nearby gravitational field. No matter how strong the gravitational field, objects in free fall are weightless, though they still have mass. The force known as "weight" is proportional to mass and acceleration in all situations where the mass is accelerated away from free fall. For example, when a body is at rest in a gravitational field (rather than in free fall), it must be accelerated by a force from a scale or the surface of a planetary body such as

title: Gravity

short_answers:
Gravity
Gravity, or gravitation


question: region of antarctica where march of the penguins filmed

answers: Dumont d'Urville in Adélie Land

answers: Dumont d'Urville Station

answers: Adélie Land

title: March of the Penguins

text: March of the Penguins March of the Penguins (French La Marche de l'empereur ; ) is a 2005 French feature-length nature documentary directed and co-written by Luc Jacquet, and co-produced by Bonne Pioche and the National Geographic Society. The documentary depicts the yearly journey of the emperor penguins of Antarctica. In autumn, all the penguins of breeding age (five years old and over) leave the ocean, which is their normal habitat, to walk inland to their ancestral breeding grounds. There, the penguins participate in a courtship that, if successful, results in the hatching of a chick. For the chick to

title: March of the Penguins

text: July 2005, and in the United States by Warner Home Video on 29 November 2005. It was never released on VHS by Warner Home Video, due to A Very Long Engagement being the last VHS by Warner Independent. It however spawned a VHS in French locations, such as French Canadian regions. The DVD extras address some of the criticisms the documentary had attracted, most notably by reframing the documentary as a scientific study and adding facts to what would otherwise have been a family film. This Region 2 release featured no English audio tracks or subtitles. Likewise the US DVD

title: March of the Penguins

text: at the box office $1.8 million worldwide. A direct sequel titled "March of the Penguins 2: The Next Step" (aka "March of the Penguins 2: The Call") was released in France in 2017. It was released in the United States exclusively on Hulu on March 23, 2018. The emperor penguins use a particular spot as their breeding ground because it is on ice that is solid year round and no danger of the ice becoming too soft to support the colony exists. At the end of Antarctic summer, the breeding ground is only a few hundred meters away from the

title: March of the Penguins

text: Penguins 2: The Next Step" () was released by Disneynature in France on February 15, 2017, narrated by Lambert Wilson. The film was alternatively titled "March of The Penguins 2: The Call". Skipping a theatrical release in the US, the film was released as a Hulu exclusive on March 23, 2018, with Morgan Freeman reprising his role as narrator. It was later released on DVD in the UK by Lionsgate Films on November 5th. The sequel did fairly well, scoring 100% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 5 reviews. March of the Penguins March of the Penguins (French La Marche de

title: March of the Penguins

text: United States on 21 January 2005. It was released in France the next week, on 26 January, where it earned a 4-star rating from AlloCiné, and was beaten at the box office only by "The Aviator" during its opening week. The original French version was released in the Canadian province of Québec. Subsequently, an English-language version was released in the rest of North America on 24 June 2005, drawing praise from most critics who found it both informative and charming. It has received a 94% "fresh" rating with the consensus "Only the hardened soul won't be moved by this heartwarming

title: March of the Penguins

text: of narration is also used in the Danish and Cantonese DVD versions. The French release was handled by Buena Vista International France, a division of Disney. Disney also bidded to get US distribution rights to the film, but their bid ultimately failed; the English-language distribution rights were later acquired at the Sundance documentary festival in January 2005, by Adam Leipzig of National Geographic Films, who had forged a distribution partnership with Warner Independent Pictures. In contrast to the French version, their English release has a third-person narrative by a single voice, actor Morgan Freeman. Similarly, the Austrian channel ORF 1

title: Farce of the Penguins

text: Show" on January 29, 2007, "Late Night with Conan O'Brien" on January 30, 2007 and on "Tom Green Live" that he originally wanted to simply redub the documentary "March of the Penguins", but did not receive permission from the filmmakers. Farce of the Penguins Farce of the Penguins is a 2007 American direct-to-video parody directed by Bob Saget. It is a parody of the 2005 French feature length nature documentary "March of the Penguins", directed and co written by Luc Jacquet. The film features Samuel L. Jackson as narrator, with the two main characters voiced by Bob Saget and Lewis

title: Adam Leipzig

text: Senior Creative Adviser. He also serves on the advisory board of the philanthropic social media platform and app, Pixhug. In 2005, when he was at National Geographic, Leipzig was responsible for "March of the Penguins" getting North American distribution; the film was a major box office success, made $77 million domestically and over $133 million worldwide to become the second-highest grossing documentary of all time and won the Academy Award for Best Documentary. Leipzig became aware of the film when it was being shot in Antarctica and negotiated with the film’s U.S. distributor Warner Independent, to purchase the film at

title: Disneynature

text: French release of "March of the Penguins". The film was given U.S. distribution through Warner Independent Pictures in 2005. Made on an $8 million budget, it grossed almost 10 times its budget at the U.S. box office and won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2006. Jean-Francois Camilleri, head of Buena Vista International France at the time, had the company acquire the film for the French market. Buena Vista International France also managed to obtain a 20% ownership stake in the French version of the film. However, Buena Vista Pictures Distribution's bid to distribute the film in the

title: March of the Penguins

text: the film crew would spend half an hour putting on six layers of clothes, and on some days they could not spend more than three hours outside. They worked in winds with gusts up to 125 miles per hour, "which in some ways is worse than the cold temperatures" according to director Jaquet. The style of the documentary differs considerably between the original French version and some of the international versions. The original French-language release features a first-person narrative as if the story is being told by the penguins themselves. The narration alternates between a female (Romane Bohringer) and a

title: March of the Penguins

text: doc" on the website Rotten Tomatoes, which collects film reviews. The movie-going public apparently agreed with that assessment, as the documentary distinguished itself as one of the most successful documentaries of the season on a per-theatre basis: it became the second most successful documentary released in North America, after "Fahrenheit 9/11", grossing over $77 million in the United States and Canada (in nominal dollars, from 1982 to the present.) It grossed over $127 million worldwide. It is the only movie from Warner Independent to be rated G by the MPAA. The documentary was released on DVD in France on 26

title: March of the Penguins

text: male (Charles Berling) narrator speaking the alternate roles of the female and male penguin, and as the chicks are born, their narration is handled by child actor Jules Sitruk. This style is mimicked in some of the international versions. For example, in the Hungarian version, actors Ákos Kőszegi, Anna Kubik, and Gábor Morvai provide the voices of the penguins, and the German version as seen in German movie theaters (and in the televised broadcast in April 2007 on channel ProSieben) uses the voices of Andrea Loewig, Thorsten Michaelis, and Adrian Kilian for the "dubbed dialog" of the penguins. This style

title: March of the Penguins

text: to be ready every day. Fortunately, the gathering that year was huge – more than 1,200 penguins, compared with the norm of a few hundred. For cameras to operate at −40°, they had to use film and to load all the film for the day, as it was impossible to reload outside. Because of the isolation from any film studios, remembering each shot was necessary to ensure continuity and to make sure that all the necessary sequences were finished. The main challenge of making the documentary was the weather with temperatures between −50 and −60°C (−58 and −76°F). At dawn,

title: Mr. Forbush and the Penguins

text: Mr. Forbush and the Penguins Mr. Forbush and the Penguins (also known as Cry of the Penguins) is a 1971 British film, directed by Arne Sucksdorff, Alfred Viola and Roy Boulting. It stars John Hurt, Hayley Mills, Dudley Sutton and Tony Britton. The film was based on a 1965 novel by Graham Billings, who had worked for the New Zealand Antarctic Division. The film was a co-production between EMI Films, the National Film Finance Corporation and British Lion Films. Making the film was a turbulent experience. Penguin footage shot by Arne Sucksdorff on location in Antarctica did not cut smoothly

title: Farce of the Penguins

text: Farce of the Penguins Farce of the Penguins is a 2007 American direct-to-video parody directed by Bob Saget. It is a parody of the 2005 French feature length nature documentary "March of the Penguins", directed and co written by Luc Jacquet. The film features Samuel L. Jackson as narrator, with the two main characters voiced by Bob Saget and Lewis Black. Five of Saget's former "Full House" co stars also lent their voices to the film. Additional voices were provided by Tracy Morgan, Christina Applegate, James Belushi, Whoopi Goldberg, Dane Cook, Abe Vigoda, Mo'Nique, and others. Samuel L. Jackson narrates

title: March of the Penguins

text: Boy Advance platforms. It features "Lemmings"-like gameplay. In 2007, a direct-to-DVD parody written and directed by Bob Saget called "Farce of the Penguins" was released. It is narrated by Samuel L. Jackson and features other stars providing voice-overs for the penguins. Although the film uses footage from actual nature documentaries about penguins, the parody was not allowed to include footage from "March of the Penguins" itself. The documentary attracted some political and social commentary in which the penguins were viewed anthropomorphically as having similarities with, and even lessons for, human society. Michael Medved praised the documentary for promoting conservative family

title: March of the Penguins

text: used for their broadcast in April 2007, the alternate version available on the German "Special Edition" DVD which uses a documentary narration voiceover spoken by the German actor Sky Du Mont. Other releases' narrators include the Dutch version, narrated by Belgian comedian Urbanus; the Indian version, narrated in Hindi and English by Indian actor Amitabh Bachchan, is titled "Penguins: A Love Story"; the Polish version, narrated by Polish actor Marek Kondrat; and the Swedish version, narrated by Swedish actor Gösta Ekman. The Tagalog version is narrated by actress Sharon Cuneta; it is entitled "Penguin, Penguin, Paano Ka Ginawa?" (English: "Penguin,

title: Scott of the Antarctic (film)

text: lampooned in the Monty Python Series 2 episode 'Scott of the Sahara'. Scott of the Antarctic (film) Scott of the Antarctic is a British 1948 Technicolor film which depicts Robert Falcon Scott's ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition and his attempt to be the first to reach the South Pole in Antarctica. John Mills played Scott, with a supporting cast which included James Robertson Justice, Derek Bond, Kenneth More, John Gregson, Barry Letts and Christopher Lee. Produced by Ealing Studios, the film was directed by Charles Frend and largely shot at the studios, with some landscape and glacier exteriors shot in the

title: Dumont d'Urville Station

text: and strong katabatic winds often prevent landings, either by boat or by helicopter. The station can accommodate about 30 winter-overs and 120 during the summer. The icebreaker ship "L'Astrolabe" carries supplies and personnel to the station from the port of Hobart, Tasmania. It does 5 round-trips between November and March. The Academy Award-winning documentary film "La Marche de l'empereur", released in English as "March of the Penguins", was filmed in the region around this base. One of the main interests of the base is the study of wildlife, notably the emperor penguins. In the summer, the rocks near the base

title: March of the Penguins

text: It took one year for the two isolated cinematographers Laurent Chalet and Jérôme Maison to shoot the documentary, which was shot around the French scientific base of Dumont d'Urville in Adélie Land.

title: Happy Feet

text: fishing. At this, the emperor penguins and the Amigos celebrate. George Miller cites as an initial inspiration for the film an encounter with a grizzled old cameraman, whose father was Frank Hurley of the Shackleton expeditions, during the shooting of "Mad Max 2": "We were sitting in this bar, having a milkshake, and he looked across at me and said, ‘Antarctica.’ He'd shot a documentary there. He said, ‘You’ve got to make a film in Antarctica. It’s just like out here, in the wasteland. It’s spectacular.’ And that always stuck in my head.” "Happy Feet" was also partially inspired by

title: Scott of the Antarctic (film)

text: Scott of the Antarctic (film) Scott of the Antarctic is a British 1948 Technicolor film which depicts Robert Falcon Scott's ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition and his attempt to be the first to reach the South Pole in Antarctica. John Mills played Scott, with a supporting cast which included James Robertson Justice, Derek Bond, Kenneth More, John Gregson, Barry Letts and Christopher Lee. Produced by Ealing Studios, the film was directed by Charles Frend and largely shot at the studios, with some landscape and glacier exteriors shot in the Swiss Alps and in Norway; no actual scenes were made in Antarctica,

title: Benjamin Sniddlegrass and the Cauldron of Penguins

text: film was shot on. He became a producer on the film as production wore on. When the film was completed, Dylan was interviewed on the Mayo/Kermode show, promoting the film's theatrical premiere in Sydney the following week. The premiere was held on 31 January 2011, at the Dendy Cinema, Newtown, to a sold out house, and the DVD and digital download of the film became available immediately afterward. The film was subsequently screened at the State Theatre in Hobart. The film was reviewed by Kermode the week following the premiere, where he expressed ambivalence about the film, but admitted to

title: Arctic Heart

text: Antarctica and fit with penguins. The professor then injects himself with the same drug he injected Christophine with and goes and lives with her in Antarctica now that he has realised his feelings for her. The film is available in the United States and in the Netherlands on Netflix. Arctic Heart Arctic Heart () is a 2016 French romantic comedy film written and directed by Marie Madinier. It stars Guillaume Canet and Charlotte Le Bon. Professor Quignard and his team of researchers have been studying on PPM, an immunizing protein produced by penguins for a noble prize winning research. Christophine,

title: The Great White Silence

text: located on the Antarctic coastline. The documentary portrays expedition leader Robert Falcon Scott and his ship, the "Terra Nova", and men as they leave Lyttelton, New Zealand, to sail into the Southern Ocean and its ice floes. Safely landed on the icy coastline of Ross Island, the filmmaker follows the men as they set up tents, practice skiing, and prepare to probe southward toward the Pole. The film concludes with a sequence of the explorers pushing off from their base, and title cards reminding viewers of what, to the 1924 viewer, would have been the familiar story of the expedition's

title: Flying penguin hoax

text: small birds, that are not used to flying, could survive long migrations over vast, stormy oceans. "Miracles of Evolution" was filmed with animated penguins for the occasion of April Fools' Day, and to promote the BBC iPlayer. MSN included "The BBC's flying penguins" as one of their twelve "hoaxes of the decade." The film features Adélie penguins that live in Antarctica. Adélie penguins are one of the most southern seabirds in the world. The film claims that long and extremely cold Antarctic winters forced some groups of Adélies to adapt by (re)gaining the ability to fly. In the film the

title: Ape and Super-Ape

text: Ape and Super-Ape Ape and Super-Ape () is a 1972 Dutch documentary film directed by Bert Haanstra. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. The film is also notable for featuring extensive documentary footage of the life of penguins on Antarctica almost thirty years before another documentary film, "March of the Penguins (2005)" focused on the same subject. The film is a study of the differences and similarities between human and animal behaviour. The first part of the movie focuses on the behaviour of various animal species. The second half is about the behaviour of humans,

title: Flying penguin hoax

text: the whole sky soon becoming filled with flying penguins. First the film shows the penguins flying over icebergs and through a hole in an iceberg. Antarctica is then left behind and viewers see the green of South America's rainforests. On 1 April 2008 rival newspapers "The Daily Telegraph" and "The Daily Mirror" both published articles about the upcoming film. "The Mirror" ran the story on its front page, and in "The Daily Telegraph" the story was one of the most important of the day. "The Daily Telegraph" proclaimed that the BBC had "remarkable footage of penguins flying as part of

title: The Pebble and the Penguin

text: Bluth Productions was based in Dublin, artists from Ireland, England and Hungary worked on the project, at least seven directing animators working on the film; among them John Pomeroy. The penguins in the film are clothed. Humans wearing penguin costumes were filmed and then used as photostat references for the animators. The iconic quote from Hubie, "Goodness glaciers!" as well as his overall appearance, is a sly reference to Gentleman Glacier, an old Canadian newspaper cartoon used to illustrate snow accumulation each year. Only two scenes in the film were "augmented by computer animation", one of which being "The Good

title: Jack Halberstam

text: then goes on to explain how drawing on animal behavior makes humans feel heterosexuality is more natural or primal. She imposes her boring domestic lifestyle on the life of this exotic animal, which is anthropomorphism, just to maintain her flawed sense of natural heterosexuality. Halberstam moves on to talk about the successful documentary, "March of the Penguins" (2005). Like other animal documentaries, this humanizes animal life and reduces animals to human ways of life. He explains how this film perpetuates heterosexuality in a false way. The film leaves out key facts about penguins journey to find love and have a

title: March of the Penguins

short_answers:
Adélie Land
Dumont d'Urville in Adélie Land


question: first who wants to be a millionaire winner uk

answers: Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel

text: of making this show in Afrikaans but it was never realised. David Paterson was the only million rand winner, on 19 March 2000. He was the first winner outside of the United States. Official Website Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a South African game show hosted by Jeremy Maggs and based on the original British format of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?". The goal of the game was to win 1 million rand by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" was shown

text: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (often informally called Millionaire) is an American television game show based on the same-titled British program and developed for the United States by Michael Davies. The show features a quiz competition in which contestants attempt to win a top prize of $1,000,000 by answering a series of multiple-choice questions of increasing difficulty (although, for a time, most of the questions were of random difficulty). The program has endured as one of the longest-running and most successful international variants in the "Who Wants to Be a

text: money, up to the top prize of £1 million. The questions they undertake are randomly chosen from a list of generated questions based on general knowledge, with each consisting of four answers to choose from. While undertaking questions, the contestant is allowed to use a set of lifelines to provide them assistance with a question at any time, and two safety nets - if a contestant gets a question wrong, but had reached a designated cash value during their game, they left with that amount as their prize. Unlike other game shows, if a contestant is unsure about a question

text: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a British quiz show, created and produced by David Briggs, and made for the ITV network. The show's format, devised by Briggs, sees contestants taking on multiple-choice questions, based upon general knowledge, winning a cash prize for each question they answer correctly, with the amount offered increasing as they take on more difficult questions. To assist each contestant who takes part, they are given three lifelines to use, may walk away with the money they already have won if they wish not to risk

text: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Nigerian game show) Who wants to be a millionaire? is a Nigerian game show based on the original British format of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?". It first aired on 8 October 2004 and stopped temporarily on the 25th of June, 2017 with hope of coming back soon better and stronger. On 29th August 2017, a deal was secured with Airoplaycare behind the new sponsor after MTN Nigeria pulled out from the game show. Three lifelines were presented at the beginning of the game in order to aid contestants: On September 11, 2009,

text: silver. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Irish game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is the Irish version of the British quiz show "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" which aired on RTÉ One from 2000 to 2002. It was presented by Gay Byrne. The format was the same as on the British show, and the 15 incremental prize amounts had the same numeric values, from 100 up to 1,000,000. These values were denominated in Irish pound in 2000 and 2001, and in euro in 2002, after the euro changeover. The Irish version was made by Tyrone Productions

text: a priority of changing our question procedure. We are confident we have now made it impossible for anyone to manipulate the system." Since then, the options of people that can be called have a picture of themselves shown on-air. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a British quiz show, created and produced by David Briggs, and made for the ITV network. The show's format, devised by Briggs, sees contestants taking on multiple-choice questions, based upon general knowledge, winning a cash prize for each question they answer correctly, with the amount

text: successfully receive its top prize of £1 million. They include: Members of the public wishing to apply for the game show are provided with four options to choose form - calling/texting a premium-rate number; submitting an application via the show's ITV website, using a system of £1 "credits"; taking part in a casting audition, held at various locations around the UK. Once an application is made, production staff select an episode's contestants through a combination of random selection, and a potential contestant's ability to answer a set of test questions based on general knowledge. Once a contestant has auditioned for

text: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Irish game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is the Irish version of the British quiz show "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" which aired on RTÉ One from 2000 to 2002. It was presented by Gay Byrne. The format was the same as on the British show, and the 15 incremental prize amounts had the same numeric values, from 100 up to 1,000,000. These values were denominated in Irish pound in 2000 and 2001, and in euro in 2002, after the euro changeover. The Irish version was made by Tyrone Productions under

text: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Thai game show) เกมเศรษฐี (English translation: "Millionaire Game", transliteration: "Kemṣ̄ers̄ʹṭ̄hī") was a Thai game show based on the original British format of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?". The main goal of the game was to win 1 million Thai baht by answering 12 multiple-choice questions correctly (earlier 16 questions). There were three "lifelines", all other than in the original version - Double Dip (contestant can choose the answer two times), Help of Audience Members (help of two members of the audience who believe that they know the correct answer) and Switch The Question

text: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a South African game show hosted by Jeremy Maggs and based on the original British format of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?". The goal of the game was to win 1 million rand by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" was shown on the South African TV station SABC 3. Earlier the quiz was aired on M-Net, which also lent its logo in the quiz logo. Four seasons of the show were made. There was a project

text: the Bowens back to tackle a new question, with their original winnings reinstated; the couple chose not to risk the new question, and left with £500,000 for their charity. In September 2001, British Army Major Charles Ingram became a contestant on "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", joined by his wife Diana, and a close friend and college lecturer, Tecwen Whittock. After the first day of filming, the group devised a scheme that would allow Ingram to win the £1 million cash prize when he returned for the second day of recording, on 10 September - for each question he

title: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?

text: on 19 November 1999. Carpenter did not use a lifeline until the final question, using his Phone-a-Friend not for help but to call his father to tell him he had won the million. Other notable top prize winners include Judith Keppel, the first winner of the UK version; Kevin Olmstead from the U.S. version, who won a progressive jackpot of $2.18 million; Martin Flood from the Australian version, who was investigated by producers after suspicions that he had cheated, much like Charles Ingram, but was later cleared; and Sushil Kumar from the Indian version, who is often referred to in

title: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?

text: 11 February 2014. Four years later, ITV revived the programme for a special 7-episode series, to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the British original. This series of special episodes was hosted by Jeremy Clarkson and aired every evening between 6 May and 11 May 2018. Since the British original debuted in 1998, several different versions of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" have been created across the world, including Australia, the United States, and India. In total over 100 different international variations have been made. On 18 April 1999, Nine Network launched an Australian version of the game show for

text: top prize by a contestant. The original format of the programme was tweaked in later years, changing the number of questions from fifteen to twelve and altering the payout structure as a result, and later incorporating a time limit. Four years after the original series ended, ITV announced that the series would be revived, this time produced by Stellify Media, to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the programme. The revived format was based upon the original design. It was hosted by Jeremy Clarkson, filmed at dock10 studios and aired every evening between 6 May and 11 May 2018. On 14

text: After the contestant's game was over, they were awarded anything from a collectible pin, to clothing, to a "Millionaire" CD game, to a 3-night Disney Cruise. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (often informally called Millionaire) is an American television game show based on the same-titled British program and developed for the United States by Michael Davies. The show features a quiz competition in which contestants attempt to win a top prize of $1,000,000 by answering a series of multiple-choice questions of increasing difficulty (although, for a time, most of the

title: Who Wants to Be Rich?

text: Who Wants to Be Rich? Who Wants to Be Rich? is a Ghanaian game show based on the original British format of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?". The show is hosted by Kafui Dey. The main goal of the game is to win GH₵50,000 by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There are three "lifelines" - fifty fifty, phone-a-friend and ask the audience. There are only 8 contestants in "Fastest Finger First" round. "Who Wants to Be Rich?" is broadcast from October 2009 to today. It is shown on the Ghanaian TV station GTV. When a contestant gets the fifth

title: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?

text: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (abbreviated WWTBAM and informally known as simply Millionaire) is an international television game show franchise of British origin, created by David Briggs, Mike Whitehill and Steven Knight. In its format, currently owned and licensed by Sony Pictures Television, contestants tackle a series of multiple-choice questions to win large cash prizes, with the format being a twist on the game show genre – only one contestant plays at a time, similar to radio quizzes; contestants are given the question before attempting an answer, and have no time limit to

text: a part on the programme and filming takes place, they undertake a preliminary round entitled "Fastest Finger First" - the group of contestants seeking a chance to take on the main game of the show, must answer a single question correctly but do so faster than their opponents. Initially, the round required contestants to provide the correct answer to a question, but from the second series onwards, they are tasked with putting four answers in the correct order stated within the question (i.e. earliest to latest). The contestant who answers a question correctly and in the fastest time, moves on

title: Judith Keppel

text: Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel (born 18 August 1942) was the first one-million-pound winner on the television game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?  in the United Kingdom. She is also the only woman in the United Kingdom to have won it and also the first person to win a million pounds or more on a British television game show. She has appeared on the BBC Two quiz show Eggheads since 2003.

title: Who Wants to Be Rich?

text: question correct, he will leave with at least GH₵300. When a contestant gets the tenth question correct, he will leave with at least GH₵1,500. The payout structure is as below. Who Wants to Be Rich? Who Wants to Be Rich? is a Ghanaian game show based on the original British format of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?". The show is hosted by Kafui Dey. The main goal of the game is to win GH₵50,000 by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There are three "lifelines" - fifty fifty, phone-a-friend and ask the audience. There are only 8 contestants in "Fastest

text: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire Hot Seat (Indonesian game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire Hot Seat was an Indonesian game show based on the original British format of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?". It was broadcast by RCTI from Monday, September 13, 2010 at 17.30 (UTC+7). The host was Ferdi Hasan. Despite its name, the top prize was a quarter of billion Indonesian rupiah, however since September 19, the top prize was increased to half a billion rupiahs, and the money tree was changed. It can be earned by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. The only

text: game without playing a shot - if their opponent double-faulted on every serve, and the player aced each of their own serves, it would allow them to win with just 12 strokes. Based on their findings, the production staff acknowledged the mistake and apologised for it, but allowed Kennedy to keep the prize money he won by the end of his game. When Judith Keppel's victory as the first UK jackpot winner on "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" was announced by ITV on the day of that the corresponding episode was to be broadcast, several allegations were made that

title: Quiz (play)

text: 2001 win of £1,000,000 on "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" and the subsequent court trial. Charles Ingram, a major in the British Army entered British quiz show "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" in September 2001. Suspicions arose during filming after coughing was heard loudly adjacent to the correct answers. A sound technician informed Celador CEO Paul Smith of their suspicions, with filming allowed to continue and the tapes reviewed after filming had completed. Ingram eventually won the million pounds, however upon reviewing the tapes and each cough heard, Ingram was accused of cheating by having his wife, Diana,

text: He won $64,000. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire: Canadian Edition Who Wants to Be A Millionaire: Canadian Edition was a Canadian game show based on the British format of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" and taped on the ABC Television Network set of the American version of that show. A Canadian audience was flown to the American studio in New York for the shows, so the contestants could "ask the audience" for help on the Canadian-themed questions. Following the airing of the two specials, CTV did announce that additional episodes of the Canadian Edition would be produced, but

text: answering a question, and are provided with a safety net that grants them a guaranteed cash prize if they give an incorrect answer, provided they reach a specific milestone in the quiz. The original series aired for 30 series and a total of 592 episodes, from 4 September 1998 to 11 February 2014, and was presented by Chris Tarrant. Over the course of its run, the original series had around five contestants walk away with the top cash prize of £1 million, and faced a number of controversies during its run, including an attempt to defraud the show of its

text: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Israeli game show) Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? (, translit. "Mi Rotze Lihyot Milyoner?"), also often referred to as just Millionaire, was an Israeli game show based on the original British format of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?". Having started broadcasting in 1999 on Channel 2, the show was hosted by Yoram Arbel, and shown on Channel 10. One contestant, Izhar Nevo, has won the top prize, on 7 August 2000. Nevo used his final lifeline, 50/50, on the last question and when still unsure of the answer tossed a coin to

text: (contestant can change the question). Earlier the lifelines were: Fifty Fifty, Ask The Audience and Switch The Question. These are the prizes of the new version of the game: These are the prizes of the old version of the game: Siksaka Bunluerith is the first and only Thai contestant to legitimately win a top prize by answering all 16 questions in first format correctly on October 2000. In 2002, Lertlak Panchanawaporn, 44-year-old street vendor won the grand prize on the show. The show's producers were impressed with her, since she had only a fourth-grade education. Finally, the truth came to

text: pick from the remaining two to win the top prize. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Israeli game show) Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? (, translit. "Mi Rotze Lihyot Milyoner?"), also often referred to as just Millionaire, was an Israeli game show based on the original British format of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?". Having started broadcasting in 1999 on Channel 2, the show was hosted by Yoram Arbel, and shown on Channel 10. One contestant, Izhar Nevo, has won the top prize, on 7 August 2000. Nevo used his final lifeline, 50/50, on the last question and

text: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? New Zealand Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? New Zealand was a New Zealand game show based on the original British format of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?". The show was hosted by Mike Hosking. The main goal of the game was to win one million New Zealand dollars by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There were four "lifelines". It was broadcast on the TVNZ station TV ONE. The show was taped in Melbourne, Australia on the set of the Australian version of the show. One contestant, Kristin Castle, made New Zealand television

title: Judith Keppel


question: who sang raindrops keep fallin on my head

answers: B. J. Thomas

text: Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Johnny Mathis album) Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head is an album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released on February 25, 1970, by Columbia Records and included several covers of chart hits from the previous year along with 1964's "Watch What Happens" and the 1966 tunes "Alfie" and "A Man and a Woman". The album's producer, Jack Gold, added lyrics to the instrumental theme from "Midnight Cowboy", and it became the first song from the album to be released as a single. While it did manage to reach number 20 on

text: Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album) Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head is the twenty-fifth studio album by American pop singer Andy Williams and was released in the spring of 1970 by Columbia Records. Williams was less focused on covering recent hits on this project and instead selected several songs from the singer-songwriter genre. "Billboard" magazine opined that the album "may well be titled 'A Journey Through Life.' Through carefully selected songs it conveys a message of dreams, hopes, reality, frustrations and ultimate truth." The album made its first appearance on the Top LP's chart in the

title: Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head

text: Fall in Love Again", by Engelbert Humperdinck on his album "We Made It Happen", Johnny Mathis on his album "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head", Perry Como on his album "It's Impossible", The Four Tops on their album "Changing Times", Andy Williams on his album, "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head", and The Free Design on their album "Stars/Time/Bubbles/Love". Portuguese-born television and radio presenter Pedro Biker released a Danish version re-entitled "Regndråber Drypper I Mit Hår" in 1970. A Swedish version was also made in 1970, "Regnet det bara öser ner" sung by Siw Malmkvist. Genesis referenced the song title

title: Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head

text: first recorded instance of drummer Sean Moore performing on trumpet, and also appears on their 2003 B-sides and rarities compilation album "Lipstick Traces (A Secret History of Manic Street Preachers)". The Manics further reference the film "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid" with the B-side "Sepia". The Barry Sisters covered the song in a Yiddish version ("Trop'ns Fin Regen Oif Mein Kop") on their 1973 album "Our Way". Lisa Miskovsky covered the song in the extended version of her self-titled (2004) album. Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" is a song written by Hal

text: Jack Gold steering the ship is much more restrained than when Percy Faith and Nelson Riddle added their magic to Mathis's voice, but for the time it was just perfect." From the liner notes for "": Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Johnny Mathis album) Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head is an album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released on February 25, 1970, by Columbia Records and included several covers of chart hits from the previous year along with 1964's "Watch What Happens" and the 1966 tunes "Alfie" and "A Man and a Woman". The album's

text: by Andy Williams." From the liner notes for the 2002 CD: In his review of "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" on AllMusic.com, William Ruhlmann notes that the "LP's catalog number is out of sequence with his other releases, and it may well be that an earlier version was pulled back, since hits like the title track and 'Bridge Over Troubled Water' appear to have been added at the last minute and the recording sessions stretch across more than a year." From the liner notes for "The Complete Columbia Chart Singles Collection": From the liner notes for the original album:

text: not the original was "It's So Easy", which entered the UK singles chart on August 1 of that year and peaked at number 13 over the course of 14 weeks. The track from "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" that was left off of the "Can't Help Falling in Love" album in the UK was a new recording of "Sweet Memories", a song that Williams originally recorded in March 1968 with Nick DeCaro producing and arranging. That version was released as a non-album single on April 30, 1968, and reached number 75 pop and number four Easy Listening. "Raindrops Keep

text: 26 weeks on their Top LP's chart just a few issues later and got as high as number 38. "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" was released for the first time on compact disc in 1995 as one of two albums on one CD, the other LP being the 1971 Mathis title "Love Story". Joe Viglione of Allmusic remarked that "Mathis rarely gets credit for the way he can bend and shape notes, obvious on "Something" as well as his reading of "Honey Come Back", Glen Campbell's 1970 hit." He also praised the album as a whole. "The sound with

text: Fallin' on My Head" was released on compact disc for the first time as one of two albums on one CD by Collectables Records on January 22, 2002, the other album being Williams's Columbia release from the fall of 1969, "Get Together with Andy Williams". Collectables included this CD in a box set entitled "Classic Album Collection, Vol. 2", which contains 15 of his studio albums and two compilations and was released on November 29, 2002. "About a year ago, I received a call from Mason Williams, excited about an idea he had for Andy. He asked me if I

title: Howard Gable

text: Farnham - Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head Label: ColumbJia - DO-8965 Vinyl, 7" Single 45 RPM A Side Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head ( Bacharach - David) 2:30 B Side Two (Farnham) Credits · Arranged by Peter Jones · Engineer – Roger Savage · Produced by Howard Gable · Recorded at Armstrongs Studios, Melbourne, Australia Johnny Farnham - Comic Conversation Label: EMI Columbia -DO-9234 Vinyl 7" Single 45 RPM A Side Comic Conversation (John Bromley) 3:20 B Side Pretty Things (Johnny Farnham) Credits · Arranged by Geoff Hales · Engineer – Roger Savage, Ern Rose · Produced by

title: Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head

text: placed 95th in the 55th Anniversary edition of the All-Time Hot 100 list in 2013. "Billboard Magazine" also ranked the song 15th on its Top 50 Movie Songs of All Time list in 2014. On December 3, 2013, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences announced that the single would be inducted into the 2014 Grammy Hall Of Fame. "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" was used in the film "Spy Hard", which parodied the scene in "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid". Police Constable Pan-Am sings the opening lines at the end of his appearance in Series 2,

title: B. J. Thomas

text: the Bacharach/David song "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head", which won the Academy Award for best original song that year and hit No. 1 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in January 1970. Sales of it also exceeded one million copies, with Thomas being awarded his third gold record. The song was also released on an album of the same title. Other hits of the 1970s were "Everybody's Out of Town", "I Just Can't Help Believing" (No. 9 in 1970, covered by Elvis Presley), "No Love at All", "Mighty Clouds of Joy", and "Rock and Roll Lullaby". Thomas's earlier hits were

title: Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head

text: Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers cover version is credited with adding greater nuance to the song, the "Financial Times" citing their recording as transforming the song from carefree optimism to "an exhortation to keep going in the face of tragedy" and noting that Bradfield's voice "added grit to the facile lyric". The group often spent their downtime on the tour bus watching the film "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid", and incorporated the song into live sets. After the disappearance of lyricist Richey Edwards, the band decided to continue rather than split up. Having booked studio time in France

text: would like to produce this album with him. The concept was to give Andy's fans one complete side of continuous music, without any interruptions, and make it mean something. To me this medley represents a living story of life, which has been led by millions of people. Starting with "Little Boy" and "If Wishes Were Horses", right to the end with "Both Sides Now". The other side of the album is equally satisfying with such songs as "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head", "Bridge over Troubled Water", and "Sweet Memories". All in all this album has been a lot of

text: As a non-album single in the US, it entered "Billboard" magazine's Hot 100 chart in the issue dated February 28, 1970, and spent three weeks there, getting as high as number 88. It also began a three-week run on the magazine's chart of the week's 40 most popular Easy Listening (or Adult Contemporary) songs in that issue, where it eventually made it to number 28. The song debuted on the UK singles chart on March 14, 1970, and lasted there 17 weeks, four of which were spent at number three. The other song that was on the UK album but

text: I always thought it would be a nice experiment, rather than take the most popular parts of songs, to take good parts of good songs (not necessarily popular) and string them together to have a good theme or storyline instead of just a familiar one. It's a slightly different use of the TV medley concept applied to recording. I did this when I was interested in interpolating the forms of one medium into the forms of another. I think it worked out fine for Andy." -- Mason Williams "Billboard" described the album as "a pretty work of art, skillfully created

text: "Billboard" magazine's Easy Listening chart during the five weeks it spent there that began in the issue dated November 15, 1969, an instrumental version by Ferrante and Teicher had debuted there just two weeks earlier and surpassed the Mathis showing by reaching number two in addition to peaking at number 10 on the magazine's Hot 100. "Odds and Ends" was the second single from this album and had its first appearance on the Easy Listening chart in the March 21, 1970, issue, beginning a three-week run that took the song to number 30. The album itself started a run of

text: issue of "Billboard" magazine dated June 13, 1970, and remained on the album chart for 19 weeks, peaking at number 43. For its release in the UK, the name of the album was changed to "Can't Help Falling in Love", and the song selection and track order were slightly different. It entered the UK album chart that same month, on June 20, and reached number seven over the course of 48 weeks. The song "Can't Help Falling in Love" was one of the two tracks from the UK version of the album that did not appear on the original release.

text: work and fun. I have worked with a lot of artists, but this has been a personal experience which I am pleased to be a part of as a producer." -- Dick Glasser "I worked in commercial television for about three years, mostly on "The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour", but I also did two TV specials for Andy. One of the standard forms of TV writing is the medley. In television the medley is usually those parts of popular songs most identifiable to the public, strung together in a musical collage with some kind of theme or storyline connecting them.

title: Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head

title: Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head

text: in their lyrics of In the Cage" in 1974. It has been covered in French by French singer Sacha Distel, whose version "Toute La Pluie Tombe Sur Moi" was a number 10 hit in the UK Singles Chart, and number 13 in Ireland, as well as number 10 in France. Distel also recorded a version with the original English lyrics, and another in Italian, "Gocce Di Pioggia Su Di Me". Bobbie Gentry's version reached number 40 in the UK chart. Paul Mauriat recorded it with his Grand Orchestra it 1973. It was the only known cover in the USSR. The

title: B. J. Thomas

text: acoustic arrangements of well known hits. It features guest appearances with established and emerging vocalists accompanying Thomas on seven of twelve tracks. On December 3, 2013, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences announced that his 1969 single "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" would be inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Thomas has been married to singer-songwriter Gloria Richardson since December 1968. They have three daughters: Paige (born 1970), Nora (adopted from North Korea in 1978), and Erin (born in 1979). Shortly after Thomas's career began, he became dependent on drugs and alcohol, which led to his

title: Dick Enberg

text: Bruins. Enberg had run out of statistics and began to fill his radio broadcast with small talk. The movie "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid" had just been released, and Enberg was humming the tune to "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head", but did not know the words. Two nights later, in a home game against Oregon State, many UCLA students brought the lyrics to the song. Enberg promised that he would sing the song if UCLA won the conference championship. He sang the song following the final game of the season. The event was recorded in the "Los Angeles

title: The Living Room Sessions (B. J. Thomas album)

text: Kid" and won an Academy Award for Best Original Song. Written by Hal David and Burt Bacharach, the song was a No. 1 hit for Thomas and earned him an appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show. Movie goers became re-acquainted with "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" when it was included in the film Spider-Man 2 (2004). The 1969 recording was inducted into the 2014, Grammy Hall of Fame. Two time Academy of Country Music Award nominee Kyle Lehning produced "The Living Room Sessions" at Sound Stage Studio, Nashville, Tennessee in 2012. Lehning and Thomas kept the pre-production details simple,

title: Eliza Keil

text: It Get To You". This film also featured Kiri Te Kanawa and Sir Howard Morrison. In or around 1967 she was a regular resident singer on Television New Zealand's "C'mon" show. She was on the touring spectacular of the show with her brother Herma. She was invited to guest on his farewell tour for New Zealand singing star Mr Lee Grant in 1968. In 1970, her album "Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head", which was arranged by Don Richardson was released on the Philips label. It was reported that year in the March 28 edition of "The New Zealand Herald"

title: Get Together with Andy Williams

text: of 10 weeks, and the Recording Industry Association of America awarded the album Gold certification on February 19, 1970. The album was released on compact disc for the first time as one of two albums on one CD by Collectables Records on January 22, 2002, the other album being Williams's Columbia release from the spring of 1970, "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head". Collectables included this CD in a box set entitled "Classic Album Collection, Vol. 2", which contains 15 of his studio albums and two compilations and was released on November 29, 2002. "Billboard" magazine felt that "his fresh,

title: Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head

text: and cassette versions also climbing the charts. Ray Stevens was first offered the opportunity to record it for the film, but turned it down. He chose instead to record the song "Sunday Morning Coming Down", written by Kris Kristofferson. Bob Dylan is supposed to have been approached for the song, but he, too, reportedly declined. The trumpet solos in the song are performed by Chuck Findley. In 2004, it finished at number 23 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. In 2008, the single was ranked 85th on "Billboard"'s Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs and

title: Bobbie Gentry discography

text: album's first single, "Fancy", peaked at No. 31 on the "Billboard Hot 100" and No. 26 on the "Top Country Songs" chart. There additional singles were released from the album, "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head", "He Made a Woman Out of Me", and "If You Gotta Make a Fool Out of Somebody". In April 1971, Gentry released her seventh studio album, "Patchwork", which would become her final album. Two singles were released from the album, "But I Can't Get Back" and "Somebody Like Me". Bobbie Gentry discography The discography of American singer-songwriter Bobbie Gentry consists of seven studio albums,

title: The Look of Love (musical)

text: "Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head," is a tap number. The production was reviewed by Bruce Weber in "The New York Times":"Hearing 29 Bachrach-David songs one after another only makes you realize how limited their range has been, how bland their musical and lyrical palettes are and how little interest they have shown in venturing away from a commercially viable blueprint. With rare exceptions, like "Walk on By," their substance is all style." Elysa Gardner in her "USA Today" review wrote:"...there also are moments when pop savvy and theatrical razzle-dazzle meet harmoniously, and most of them owe at least as

title: I'm a Lonesome Little Raindrop (Looking for a Place to Fall)

text: You’ve heard of Robinson Crusoe, well he had nothing on me. I’m always all alone, no sweety of my own, to make me happy as can be. I’m just as blue as skies above, I’d like to find someone to shower with my love, believe me. I’m a lonesome little raindrop looking for a place to fall. The girls say I’m a charming fella, but when I come around each girl puts up her umbrella. Girls they are so fair, they all give me the air I keep on falling falling but don’t land anywhere, oh I’m a lonesome little

title: Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head

long_answer: "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" is a song written by Hal David and Burt Bacharach for the 1969 film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. It won an Academy Award for Best Original Song. David and Bacharach also won Best Original Score. The song was recorded by B. J. Thomas in seven takes, after Bacharach expressed dissatisfaction with the first six. In the film version of the song, Thomas had been recovering from laryngitis, which made his voice sound hoarser than in the 7-inch release. The film version featured a separate vaudeville-style instrumental break in double time while Paul Newman performed bicycle stunts.


question: how many wars held between india and pakistan

answers: four

title: India–Pakistan relations

text: wars between the two countries in 1947 and 1965, and a limited conflict in 1999. The state remains divided between the two countries by the Line of Control (LoC), which demarcates the ceasefire line agreed upon in the 1947 conflict modified in 1972 as per Simla Agreement. India and Pakistan have fought in numerous armed conflicts since their independence. There are three major wars that have taken place between the two states, namely in 1947, 1965 and the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. In addition to this was the unofficial Kargil War in 1999 and some border skirmishes. The Indo-Pakistani

title: Kashmir conflict

text: Pakistan as an endorsement of India's position on Kashmir that no outside power has any role in this dispute. India and Pakistan conducted nuclear tests in 1998 and the two countries each hold significant numbers of nuclear warheads. India and Pakistan fought two wars over the issue of Kashmir in 1947 and 1965. These two neighbours came dangerously close to a third war during the Kargil conflict in 1999. In telegram No.413 dated 28 October 1947 addressed to Prime Minister of Pakistan, Nehru wrote, "That Government of India and Pakistan should make a joint request to U.N.O. to undertake a

title: Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

text: both India and Pakistan ensured that the war ended in a stalemate — Indian military intelligence gave no warning of the impending Pakistan invasion. The Indian Army failed to recognize the presence of heavy Pakistani artillery and armaments in Chumb and suffered significant losses as a result. The "Official War History - 1965", drafted by the Ministry of Defence of India in 1992, was a long suppressed document that revealed other miscalculations. According to the document, on 22 September when the Security Council was pressing for a ceasefire, the Indian Prime Minister asked commanding Gen. Chaudhuri if India could possibly

title: War Chhod Na Yaar

text: Defense minister of Pakistan with Pakistani General contacts Defense minister of China for some help. Defense minister of China tells that he will attack New Delhi with a nuclear bomb . At Indo-Pak border Pakistan army are becoming very lazy. Then don't want to pay attention to commander Khan(Sanjai Mishra). Captain Rajveer Singh (Sharman Joshi) and Captain Quereshi (Javed Jaffery) are battalion captains of India and Pakistan – two countries forever embroiled in conflict and turmoil with each other. However, on the actual battle-field, Raj and Quereshi and his troops form an unlikely friendship and camaraderie, reared on a love

title: Military history of India

text: Agreement of 1972, as a gesture of goodwill). Within two weeks of intense fighting, Pakistani forces in East Pakistan surrendered to the joint command of Indian and Bangladeshi forces following which the People's Republic of Bangladesh was created. This war saw the highest number of casualties in any of the India-Pakistan conflicts, as well as the largest number of prisoners of war since the Second World War after the surrender of more than 90,000 Pakistani military and civilians. In the words of one Pakistani author, "Pakistan lost half its navy, a quarter of its air force and a third of

title: Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

text: in Azad Kashmir, Punjab and Sindh sectors was later ceded in the Simla Agreement of 1972, as a gesture of goodwill. Casualties inflicted to Pakistan Army's I Corps, II Corps, and Pakistan Marines' Punjab detachment were very high, and many soldiers and marines perished due to lack of operational planning and lack of coordination within the marine-army formations against Indian Army's Southern and Western Commands. By the time the war came to end, the army soldiers and marines were highly demoralised– both emotionally and psychologically– on the western front and had no will to put up a defensive fight against

title: Military history of Pakistan

text: by the Indian army with the help of the Indian Air Force, and was an example of poor co-ordination by Pakistan. The result was the Pakistan Armed Forces's surrender to the Indian forces upon which 93,000 soldiers and officers became POWs, the largest since World War II. The official war between India and Pakistan ended after a fortnight on December 16, 1971, with Pakistan losing East Pakistan, which became Bangladesh. The official Bangladesh Government claim puts the number of Bengali civilian fatalities at 3 million. The military government collapsed as a result of the war, and control of the country

title: Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

text: brutality in East Pakistan, but "chose to downplay the scale of the atrocities committed." The second commission was known as Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Prisoners of War Investigation, conducted solely by the Pakistani government, that was to determine the numbers of Pakistani military personnel who surrendered, including the number of civilian POWs. The official number of the surrendered military personnel was soon released by the Government of Pakistan after the war was over. On 2 July 1972, the Indo-Pakistani summit was held in Simla, Himachal Pradesh, India where the Simla Agreement was reached and signed between President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

title: Frozen conflict

text: conflict yet as ceasefire violations are keeping the fighting on a low burner. However, some experts predict a frozen future for this conflict as well. India and Pakistan have fought at least three wars over the disputed region of Kashmir in 1947, 1965, and 1999. India claims the entire area of the former princely state of Kashmir and Jammu, of which it administers approximately 43%. Its claims are contested by Pakistan, which controls approximately 37% of the region and urges for plebiscite in Kashmir. The remaining territory is controlled by the People's Republic of China, with which India is again

title: Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts

text: as the largest number of prisoners of war since the Second World War after the surrender of more than 90,000 Pakistani military and civilians. In the words of one Pakistani author, "Pakistan lost half its navy, a quarter of its air force and a third of its army". Commonly known as the Kargil War, this conflict between the two countries was mostly limited. During early 1999, Pakistani troops infiltrated across the Line of Control (LoC) and occupied Indian territory mostly in the Kargil district. India responded by launching a major military and diplomatic offensive to drive out the Pakistani infiltrators.

title: Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts

text: were scattered unevenly in the whole country, the partition of British India into India and Pakistan in 1947 was not possible along religious lines. Nearly one third of the Muslim population of British India remained in India. Inter-communal violence between Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims resulted in between 500,000 and 1 million casualties. Princely-ruled territories, such as Kashmir and Hyderabad, were also involved in the Partition. Rulers of these territories had the choice of joining India or Pakistan. The war, also called the First Kashmir War, started in October 1947 when Pakistan feared that the Maharaja of the princely state of

title: Indian Army

text: Arora, the three corps of the Indian Army, which had invaded East Pakistan, entered Dhaka and forced Pakistani forces to surrender on 16 December 1971, one day after the conclusion of the battle of Basantar. After Pakistan's Lt General A A K Niazi signed the Instrument of Surrender, India took more than 90,000 Pakistani prisoners of war. By the time of the signing, 11,000 Pakistani soldiers were killed-in-action while India suffered 3,500 battle-related deaths. In addition, Pakistan lost 220 tanks during the battle compared to India's 69. In 1972, the Simla Agreement was signed between the two countries and tensions

title: Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts

text: heavy casualties. The government refused to accept the dead bodies of many officers, an issue that provoked outrage and protests in the Northern Areas. Pakistan initially did not acknowledge many of its casualties, but Nawaz Sharif later said that over 4,000 Pakistani troops were killed in the operation and that Pakistan had lost the conflict. By the end of July 1999, organized hostilities in the Kargil district had ceased. The war was a major military defeat for the Pakistani Army. Apart from the aforementioned wars, there have been skirmishes between the two nations from time to time. Some have bordered

title: Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

text: Pakistan suffered 3,800. The Indian army was in possession of 758.9 miles² (1,920 km²) of Pakistani territory and the Pakistan army held 210 mile² (550 km²) of Indian territory. The territory occupied by India was mainly in the fertile Sialkot, Lahore and Kashmir sectors, while Pakistani ground gains were primarily in deserts opposite Sindh and in the Chumb sector near Kashmir. Pakistan claims that it held 1600 square miles of Indian territory, while lost 450 square miles of its own territory. The war saw aircraft of the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) engaging in combat

title: India–Pakistan relations

text: and numerous territorial claims would overshadow their relationship. Since their Independence, the two countries have fought three major wars, one undeclared war and have been involved in numerous armed skirmishes and military standoffs. The Kashmir conflict is the main centre-point of all of these conflicts with the exception of the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971 and Bangladesh Liberation War, which resulted in the secession of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). There have been numerous attempts to improve the relationship—notably, the Shimla summit, the Agra summit and the Lahore summit. Since the early 1980s, relations between the two nations soured particularly after the

title: Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948

text: forces, both regular and irregular, while allowing India to maintain minimum strength of its forces in the state to preserve law and order. On compliance of these conditions a plebiscite was to be held to determine the future of the territory. Indian losses were 1,104 killed and 3,154 wounded, whereas Pakistani losses were 6,000 killed and 14,000 wounded. India gained control of the two-thirds Kashmir whereas, Pakistan gained roughly one-third of Kashmir. Most neutral assessments agree that India was the victor of the war as it was able to successfully defend about two thirds of Kashmir including Kashmir valley, Jammu

title: Indian Army

text: conflict stood at 527, while more than 700 regular members of the Pakistani Army were killed. The number of Islamist fighters, also known as Mujahideen, killed by Indian Armed Forces during the conflict stood at about 3,000. United Nations peacekeeping missions India has been the largest troop contributor to UN missions since its inception. So far India has taken part in 43 Peacekeeping missions with a total contribution exceeding 160,000 troops and a significant number of police personnel having been deployed. In 2014 India is the third largest troop contributor [TCC] with 7,860 personnel deployed with ten UN Peacekeeping Missions

title: Military history of India

text: a miscalculation, because Indian nationalist politicians, who had previously come out against the INA, now whipped up popular sentiment for the release of the INA accused. Realizing their error, the British acquiesced. In this way, the INA was another sign that the Raj's days were numbered. The Republic of India has fought three wars and one major incursion battle with Pakistan and one border war with China. This is also called the First Kashmir War. The war started in October 1947 when Pakistan feared that the Maharajah of the princely state of Kashmir and Jammu would accede to India. Following

title: War Chhod Na Yaar

text: sometimes even over-the-top. The movie was produced by AOPL Entertainment Pvt Ltd and was released on 11 October 2013. The film begins with Captain Rajveer Singh (Sharman Joshi) and Captain Quereshi (Javed Jaffrey) are captains of India and Pakistan playing cards with their partners at Indo-Pak border. Suddenly bomb explodes. Then the film flashbacks into seventeen hours before. At that time the Defense minister of India called Ruth Dutta (Soha Ali Khan), the reporter of GBC news to talk about some important top secret. He reveals that after two days war will be declared between India and Pakistan.Fourteen hours before,

title: Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts

text: Since the partition of British India in 1947 and creation of modern states of India and Pakistan, the two South Asian countries have been involved in four wars, including one undeclared war, and many border skirmishes and military stand-offs.

title: Foreign relations of India

text: forces. The war ended in December 1948 with the Line of Control dividing the erstwhile princely state into territories administered by Pakistan (northern and western areas) and India (southern, central and northeastern areas). Pakistan contested the legality of the Instrument of Accession since the Dogra Kingdom has signed a standstill agreement with it. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 started following the failure of Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against rule by India. The five-week war caused thousands of casualties on both sides. It ended in a United Nations

title: Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts

text: positions. The Indian Army quickly responded to the Pakistan Army's movements in the west and made some initial gains, including capturing around of Pakistan territory (land gained by India in Pakistani Kashmir, Pakistani Punjab and Sindh sectors but gifted it back to Pakistan in the Simla Agreement of 1972, as a gesture of goodwill). Within two weeks of intense fighting, Pakistani forces in East Pakistan surrendered to the joint command of Indian and Bangladeshi forces following which the People's Republic of Bangladesh was created. This war saw the highest number of casualties in any of the India-Pakistan conflicts, as well

title: Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

text: retaliated with its own covert operations, sending commandos deep into Pakistan territory, but these rumors were later determined to be unfounded. India and Pakistan make widely divergent claims about the damage they inflicted on each other and the amount of damage suffered by them. The following summarizes each nation's claims. There have been several neutral assessments of the losses incurred by both India and Pakistan during the war. Most of these assessments agree that India had the upper hand over Pakistan when ceasefire was declared. Some of the neutral assessments are mentioned below — The war was militarily inconclusive; each

title: Military history of India

text: an insurgency against rule by India. India retaliated by launching a full-scale military attack on West Pakistan. The seventeen-day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and also witnessed the largest tank battle since World War II. The hostilities between the two countries ended after a ceasefire was declared following diplomatic intervention by the Soviet Union and USA and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. Though ruled to be militarily inconclusive, both India and Pakistan claimed victory. Most neutral assessments, however, agree that India had the upper hand over Pakistan when the ceasefire was declared. As Pakistan lost

title: Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

text: large sums of money were taken from the east to finance the war for Kashmir. In fact, despite some Pakistan Air Force attacks being launched from bases in East Pakistan during the war, India did not retaliate in that sector, although East Pakistan was defended only by an understrengthed infantry division (14th Division), sixteen planes and no tanks. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was critical of the disparity in military resources deployed in East and West Pakistan, calling for greater autonomy for East Pakistan, an action that ultimately led to the Bangladesh Liberation War and another war between India and Pakistan in

title: Indian Army

text: from 26 January 1950, the date India became a republic, all active-duty Indian Army officers formerly holding the King's Commission were recommissioned and confirmed in their substantive ranks. First Kashmir War (1947) Immediately after independence, tensions between India and Pakistan began to boil over, and the first of three full-scale wars between the two nations broke out over the then princely state of Kashmir. The Maharaja of Kashmir wanted to have a standstill position. Since Kashmir was a Muslim majority state, Pakistan wanted to make Kashmir a Pakistani territory. As a result, Pakistan invaded Kashmir on 22 October 1947, causing

title: Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

text: 25,000 wounded, while India only had 3,000 dead and 12,000 wounded. The loss of armoured vehicles was similarly imbalanced and this finally represented a major defeat for Pakistan. Officially, the Instrument of Surrender of Pakistan Eastern Command stationed in East Pakistan, was signed between the Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora, the GOC-in-C of Indian Eastern Command and Lieutenant-General A.A.K. Niazi, the Commander of the Pakistan Eastern Command, at the Ramna Race Course in Dacca at 16:31Hrs IST on 16 December 1971. As the surrender was accepted silently by Lieutenant-General Aurora, the surrounding crowds on the race course started shouting anti-Pakistan

title: Indo-Pak Confederation proposals

text: that Muslims and Hindus are separate nations that could not live together. Partition provoked great communal conflicts and the dispute over the territory of Kashmir made both nations hostile to each other. India and Pakistan engaged in war in 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999. However, some diplomatic efforts have succeeded in promoting bilateral trade, sports events and permitting Indians and Pakistanis to visit each other's countries through the Samjhauta Express and the Delhi-Lahore Bus. The 1972 Shimla Agreement and subsequent bilateral accords have bound both nations to seek a peaceful solution to the Kashmir conflict while promoting trade and economic

title: Pakistan Armed Forces

text: to "Army-Navy-Air Force". In the 1990s, the additional reforms of the military eventually changed the order of precedence to Army-Navy-Air Force-Marines; though the Marines remained part of the Navy, not a separate service branch. Between 1947 and 1971, Pakistan has fought three direct conventional wars against India, with the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 witnessing the secession of East Pakistan as independent Bangladesh. In the latter war, the Pakistan Armed Forces were the main perpetrators of the Bangladesh genocide, in which, most independent researchers estimate, around 300,000 to 500,000 people were killed and 200,000 to 400,000 were raped, while the Bangladesh

title: Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts

text: on all-out war, while others were limited in scope. The countries were expected to fight each other in 1955 after warlike posturing on both sides, but full-scale war did not break out. The nuclear conflict between both countries is of passive strategic nature with nuclear doctrine of Pakistan stating a first strike policy, although the strike would only be initiated if and only if, the Pakistan Armed Forces are unable to halt an invasion (as for example in 1971 war) or a nuclear strike is launched against Pakistan, whereas India has a declared policy of no first use. These wars

title: Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts