question: when do we find out luke and leia are siblings

answers: Return of the Jedi

answers: In Return of the Jedi

title: Princess Leia

text: tells Luke he has a twin sister. She and their mother were "sent to the protection of friends in a distant system. The mother died shortly thereafter, and Luke's sister was adopted by Ben's friends, the governor of Alderaan and his wife." Fisher explained in 1983: "Leia's real father left her mother when she was pregnant, so her mother married this King Organa. I was adopted and grew up set apart from other people because I was a princess." Composer John Williams created a musical leitmotif for Leia which recurs throughout the "Star Wars" saga. "Princess Leia's Theme" was recorded

title: Star Wars Infinities

text: and Vader, all sense it. The Emperor sends Vader to Dagobah to investigate. Luke then arrives on Dagobah and is greeted by Yoda's ghost. The ghost confirms Vader's claim that he is Luke's father and reveals that Leia is Luke's sister. Realizing that he has to confront Vader on his own, Luke has R2 record a message for Leia, send a message to the Rebellion and leaves Dagobah. Just then, a Star Destroyer drops out of hyperspace over Dagobah. Luke, captured by Vader, is brought to the second Death Star in orbit over Endor and is brought before the Emperor.

title: It's a Trap!

text: captured and brought to the village where Leia is being housed. The Ewoks believe C-3PO is a god and begin to worship him. Luke tells Princess Leia they are siblings, but Leia claims to have already known that. Following Yoda's advice, Luke surrenders to Vader in order to confront him. Vader tries to convince Luke to turn to the dark side. Luke refuses and the two meet with the Emperor, who reveals that Luke's friends are walking into a trap on the forest moon. When this revelation fails to anger Luke, the Emperor begins to mock actor Seth Green (who

title: Star Wars Infinities

text: a Rebel unit on Endor's moon. Before the fleet leaves for Endor, Leia receives Luke's message from R2, which reveals that they are twins and that Vader is their father. A second transmission reveals Luke's subsequent capture and that no rescue attempt is to be made. Leia takes the "Slave-1", commandeered after Fett's death and heads straight to the Death Star to rescue Luke. Han realises what has happened and asks Lando if he can accompany him and Chewbacca on the "Falcon". Leia arrives at the Death Star, but is soon captured and brought before the Emperor. Meanwhile, the Rebel

title: Return of the Jedi

text: and, after an initial conflict, gain their trust. Later, Luke tells Leia that she is his sister, Vader is their father, and that he must confront him. Surrendering to Imperial troops, Luke is brought before Vader, and he tries to convince his father to return from the dark side of the Force. Vader takes Luke to the Death Star to meet the Emperor, intent on turning him to the dark side. The Emperor reveals that the Death Star is operational and that the Rebel Fleet will fall into a trap. On Endor, Han's team is captured by Imperial forces, but

title: Obi-Wan Kenobi

text: Empire's superweapon. Leia asks him to deliver the droid and the plans safely to the planet Alderaan in order to help the Rebel Alliance. Obi-Wan reveals his true identity and explains that he is a Jedi, a member of an ancient group of warriors that were hunted down and exterminated by the Empire with help from his former apprentice Darth Vader, the apparent killer of Luke's father. He gives Luke his father's lightsaber and asks him to accompany him to Alderaan and take up Jedi training. Luke declines, but after finding that his uncle Owen and aunt Beru have been

title: Padmé Amidala

text: the "Star Wars" story, Luke Skywalker's and Princess Leia's mother was not well developed. According to Dale Pollock, Luke Skywalker was originally Luke Starkiller and "Leia is the daughter of Owen Lars and his wife Beru and seems to be Luke's cousin – together they visit the grave of his mother, who perished with his father on a planet destroyed by the Death Star. In an interview, Lucas answered a question about the development of characters like Obi-Wan Kenobi, Luke, and Leia; their mother was not a factor: The first [version] talked about a princess and an old general. The

title: Skywalker family

text: of Owen. Owen tells Anakin they are stepbrothers. Owen later marries Beru Whitesun. As a Jedi Knight, Anakin secretly marries Padmé Amidala. In "" Padme gives birth to twins, Luke and Leia. Luke is raised by Beru and Owen Lars on Tatooine. Leia is raised by Senator Bail Organa and Queen Breha Organa on Alderaan. In "", Leia and her husband Han Solo, after marrying have a son named Ben Solo, who later adopts the name Kylo Ren. The family breaks apart following Ben's descent into the dark side, with Leia and Han separating. Shmi Skywalker is a fictional character

title: Darth Vader

text: dueling with Luke once again. Realizing that Leia is Luke's twin sister, Vader threatens to turn her to the dark side if Luke will not submit. Furious, Luke overpowers Vader and severs his father's robotic hand. The Emperor entreats Luke to kill Vader and take his place. Luke refuses, however, and the Emperor tortures him with Force lightning. Unwilling to let his son die, Vader throws the Emperor down a reactor chute to his death, but Vader is mortally electrocuted in the process. At his last request, Luke removes the redeemed Anakin's mask. As he dies peacefully in Luke's arms,

title: Return of the Jedi

text: Luke arrives soon afterward, but after a tense standoff, is sent through a trapdoor to do battle with Jabba's rancor. Jabba sentences Luke and Han to death by being fed to the Sarlacc. Having hidden his lightsaber inside , Luke frees himself and battles Jabba's guards while Leia uses her chains to strangle Jabba. As the others rendezvous with the Rebel Alliance, Luke returns to Dagobah, where he finds that Yoda is dying. Yoda confirms that Darth Vader, once known as Anakin Skywalker, is Luke's father. The spirit of Obi-Wan Kenobi reveals that Leia is Luke's twin sister. The Jedi

title: It's a Trap!

text: chokes Jabba using her slave chains while her fellow rebels commandeer a transport ship and fly to safety. Luke and R2-D2 fly to Dagobah so Luke can finish his training with Yoda while the others rejoin the rebel fleet. On Dagobah, Yoda explains the final part of training is to face Vader. In his dying words, Yoda reveals that Luke has a sibling. The spirit of Obi-Wan Kenobi appears to Luke and further explains that his sibling is Princess Leia. The rebels begin planning an assault on the new Death Star and Admiral Ackbar explains that they must first destroy

title: Princess Leia

text: a pregnant woman, whom Luke learns is his and Leia's biological mother, Padmé Amidala. Anakin and Padmé are discussing a dream of Anakin's in which Padmé dies in childbirth; later, Luke and Leia watch a clip in which Padmé is talking to Obi-Wan Kenobi about Anakin. Tenel Ka, Queen Mother of the Hapes Consortium, has a daughter, Allana, secretly fathered by Jacen. In "The Swarm War" (2005), Luke and Leia view holoclips of their mother's death, and Leia is promoted to Jedi Knight. The bestselling "Legacy of the Force" series (2006–08) chronicles the crossover of Han and Leia's son Jacen

title: Princess Leia

text: be fed to the Sarlacc. Lando (disguised as a guard) helps them overpower their captors, and Leia seizes the moment to strangle Jabba with her chain. Luke and Leia swing to safety, blowing up Jabba's barge behind them. Later, the heroes go to the forest moon of Endor to prepare for a battle with the Empire. There, Luke reveals to Leia that she is his twin sister and that Vader is their father. Leia joins Han in leading the Rebels in battle with Imperial troops as the Rebel Fleet attacks the second Death Star. Leia is slightly injured, but the

title: Luke Skywalker

text: Han from the vile crime lord, Jabba the Hutt. Luke offers to negotiate with Jabba, but instead, Luke falls into a trap, battling against Jabba's Rancor. When Luke kills the Rancor, he is sentenced to death in the Sarlacc Pit. Luke escapes with R2-D2's help, saving his friends and destroying Jabba's sail barge. During his return trip to Dagobah, Luke hears a dying Yoda confirm that Vader is his father. Luke then learns from Obi-Wan's spirit that he has a twin sister, whom he immediately realizes is Leia. Obi-Wan tells Luke that he must face Vader again in order to

title: Star Wars Trilogy

text: Luke's absent father, Anakin Skywalker, who was Obi-Wan's Jedi apprentice until being murdered by Vader. He tells Luke he must also become a Jedi. After discovering his family's homestead has been destroyed by the Empire, they hire the smuggler Han Solo, his Wookiee Chewbacca and their space freighter, the "Millennium Falcon". They discover that Leia's homeworld of Alderaan has been destroyed, and are soon captured by the planet-destroying Death Star. While Obi-Wan disables its tractor beam, Luke and Han rescue the captive Princess Leia. Finally, they deliver the Death Star plans to the Rebel Alliance with the hope of exploiting

title: Star Wars Infinities

text: Tarkin, now an admiral, and takes control of him with a Jedi mind trick. Chewbacca flies the "Falcon" to Coruscant, where Luke and Han attempt to infiltrate the Emperor's palace. Once there, Luke and Han defeat a number of red-cloaked Imperial Guards and a reprogrammed, more aggressive C-3PO before confronting the Emperor and his two apprentices, Vader and Leia. At his master's orders, Vader turns his lightsaber over to Leia, who duels with Luke. Luke refuses to kill her and reveals to her that she is his sister. When Leia refuses to kill her brother, the Emperor tortures them both

title: Princess Leia

text: a First Order attack searching for the Resistance astromech droid BB-8, Leia is reunited with Han, who has helped the renegade stormtrooper Finn and orphaned scavenger Rey bring the droid this far. Han and Leia have been estranged for many years; their marriage fell apart after their son, Ben Solo, fell to the dark side and became the First Order commander Kylo Ren. Leia believes Ben can still be brought back to the light side. Han volunteers for a mission to infiltrate the First Order's Starkiller Base to disable its defensive shields. Confronting Ren, Han tries to convince his son

title: Luke Skywalker

text: young Luke. In 2016, when asked about the character's sexual orientation and if Luke could be gay, Hamill said Luke's sexual orientation "is meant to be interpreted by the viewer". He added, "if you think Luke is gay, of course he is. You should not be ashamed of it. Judge Luke by his character, not by who he loves." Ryan Britt of "Inverse" noted that leaving interpretations aside, in all media Luke has only been portrayed as straight. In the original "Star Wars" films, he is attracted to Leia before discovering she is his biological sister. Deleted scenes from the

title: Star Wars Infinities

text: Dagobah. On Dagobah, Luke's training is nearing completion. The last test is for Luke to re-enter the cave. Luke is again confronted by a vision of Vader but is now able to overcome his fears and completely connect to the Force. Han arrives soon after and informs Luke of Leia's whereabouts. Yoda then reveals to Luke the truth that Leia is really his sister and that Vader is their father. Luke, Yoda, Han, Chewbacca and R2-D2 then take on in the "Falcon" to Coruscant. Once there, the "Falcon" lands on the Justice Star where Yoda and R2 debark. Yoda confronts

title: Princess Leia

title: Galactic Civil War

text: Luke's family was killed. They teamed up with 3PO, R2, Chewbacca, and Han Solo to rescue Leia, and infiltrate the Death Star. They rescue Leia, but Kenobi was killed by Vader in a lightsaber duel. They escape to the rebels, where they assault the Death Star, which destroyed Alderaan. With help from Solo and Kenobi's spirit, Luke destroys the Death Star in the Battle of Yavin. In "The Empire Strikes Back", the rebels had been driven from their base on Yavin IV, and they had taken refuge on Hoth. Darth Vader dispatched probe droids across the galaxy. A probe droid

title: Padmé Amidala

text: "sent to the protection of friends in a distant system. The mother died shortly thereafter, and Luke's sister was adopted by Ben's friends, the governor of Alderaan and his wife." Lucas is quoted in "Star Wars: The Annotated Scripts" (1997) as saying: The part that I never really developed is the death of Luke and Leia's mother. I had a backstory for her in earlier drafts, but it basically didn't survive. When I got to "Jedi", I wanted one of the kids to have some kind of memory of her because she will be a key figure in the new

title: Skywalker family

text: fell in love with Anakin Skywalker after he was assigned to protect her from an assassination attempt, and secretly married him shortly after the Battle of Geonosis, and died while giving birth to her children shortly after the first Empire Day. Obi-Wan and Yoda decided to separate the children in order to keep them hidden from Darth Vader. Luke Skywalker is the son of Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker and Senator of Naboo, Padmé Amidala. He is taken in by his uncle and aunt, Owen and Beru Lars, after the death of Padmé and Anakin's fall to the dark side. He

title: Princess Leia

text: quoted Lucas in 1997: In the prequel film "" (2005), Padmé Amidala is pregnant with Anakin Skywalker's twins near the end of the Clone Wars. After Anakin turns to the dark side of the Force and becomes Darth Vader, Padmé gives birth to Luke and Leia on Polis Massa and then dies. Leia is adopted by Senator Bail Organa and his wife Queen Breha of Alderaan. Film critic Peter Travers of "Rolling Stone" wrote, "As we watch Anakin nearly melt in the lava, only to be put together, Frankenstein style, in a lab while Lucas intercuts scenes of Padme giving

title: Obi-Wan Kenobi

text: Luke after Yoda's death on Dagobah. Obi-Wan acknowledges that Darth Vader is indeed Luke's father, revealed by Vader himself in the previous film and confirmed by Yoda on his deathbed, and also reveals that Leia is Luke's twin sister. After the Rebels destroy the second Death Star and defeat the Empire, Obi-Wan appears at the celebration on Endor, alongside the spirits of Yoda and the redeemed Anakin Skywalker (Vader's former Jedi self). In "", set 32 years before "A New Hope", a 25-year-old Obi-Wan Kenobi appears as the Jedi Padawan (or student) of Jedi Master Qui-Gon Jinn. He accompanies his

title: Princess Leia

text: to leave the First Order, but Ren instead impales his father on his lightsaber, although hesitant to do so. Leia senses Han's death through the Force, and later shares a moment of grief with Rey, who had thought of Han as a mentor. Leia sees Rey, Chewbacca, and R2-D2 off when they depart to locate Luke, saying, "may the Force be with you". Asked why Leia is not shown to be a Jedi in "The Force Awakens" (as she is in the "Star Wars" expanded universe works), Abrams told IGN, "It was a great question, and one that we talked

title: Princess Leia

text: In "Heir to the Empire" (1991), Leia is married to Han and three months pregnant with twins. Noghri commandos repeatedly attempt to kidnap her as part of Grand Admiral Thrawn's plan to restore the Empire and crush the New Republic. In "Dark Force Rising" (1992), Leia realizes that Darth Vader and the Empire deceived the Noghri to secure their allegiance, and by revealing the truth she turns the alien race to the side of the New Republic. In "The Last Command" (1993), Leia gives birth to the twins Jaina and Jacen on Coruscant during Thrawn's siege. Leia, now the Chief

title: Blue Harvest

text: and 3PO flee to Tatooine in an escape pod, where they are captured by Jawas. The droids are sold to a family of moisture farmers, whose nephew Luke Skywalker (Chris) wishes to join the Rebellion and fight the Empire. While cleaning the droids, Luke stumbles upon Leia's message inside R2, who later decides to leave the farm. Luke and C-3PO pursue him, but are attacked by Sand People. Luke is knocked out by one of them (Opie) and is found by Obi-Wan Kenobi (Herbert), who takes them to his hut. Leia's message explains that R2 contains the plans to the

title: Dark Empire II

text: them. During the night, Luke has a terrible nightmare that he and Vader are one, not knowing that robotic bugs are injecting poison into his veins as he sleeps. He wakes up and sees two Darksiders ready to kill him. Jem Ysanna and Leia kill two of the Darksiders, but Jem is killed. Vima sees what has happened and saves Luke. Meanwhile, three other Darksiders kidnap Leia's twins. Luckily, Brand, Kam and Rayf are on the scene and duel them. After the fighting ends, Jem joins the Force as Rayf cries over her lost form. Then, they find an AT-AT

title: Luke Skywalker

text: Luke Skywalker Luke Skywalker is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the original film trilogy of the "Star Wars" franchise created by George Lucas. Skywalker, portrayed by Mark Hamill, is a pivotal figure in the Rebel Alliance's struggle against the Galactic Empire. He is the twin brother of Rebellion leader Princess Leia Organa of Alderaan, a friend and brother-in-law of smuggler Han Solo, an apprentice to Jedi Masters Obi-Wan "Ben" Kenobi and Yoda, the son of fallen Jedi Anakin Skywalker (Darth Vader) and Queen of Naboo/Republic Senator Padmé Amidala and maternal uncle of Ben Solo / Kylo Ren.

title: Princess Leia

long_answer: Princess Leia Organa of Alderaan (also Senator Leia Organa or General Leia Organa) is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise, portrayed in films by Carrie Fisher. Introduced in the original Star Wars film in 1977, Leia is princess of the planet Alderaan, a member of the Imperial Senate and an agent of the Rebel Alliance. She thwarts the sinister Sith Lord Darth Vader and helps bring about the destruction of the Empire's cataclysmic superweapon, the Death Star. In The Empire Strikes Back (1980), Leia commands a Rebel base and evades Vader as she falls in love with the smuggler, Han Solo. In Return of the Jedi (1983), Leia leads the operation to rescue Han from the crime lord Jabba the Hutt, and is revealed to be Vader's daughter and the twin sister of Luke Skywalker. The prequel film Revenge of the Sith (2005) establishes that the twins' mother is Senator (and former queen) Padmé Amidala of Naboo, who dies after childbirth. Leia is adopted by Senator Bail and Queen Breha Organa of Alderaan. In The Force Awakens (2015) and The Last Jedi (2017), Leia is the founder and General of the Resistance against the First Order. She and Han have a son named Ben, who adopted the name Kylo Ren after turning to the dark side of the Force.

short_answers:
In Return of the Jedi
Return of the Jedi


question: what are the four main types of precipitation

answers: sleet

answers: hail

answers: graupel

answers: snow

answers: drizzle

answers: rain

title: Precipitation types

text: the surface, it is indicative that some form of precipitation is extant at the freezing level, a varying point in the atmosphere in which the temperature is 0°C. In mid-latitude regions, convective precipitation is often associated with cold fronts where as it is often found behind the front, occasionally initiating a squall line. Frontal precipitation is the result of frontal systems surrounding extratropical cyclones or lows, which form when warm and tropical air meets cooler air. Frontal precipitation typically falls out of nimbostratus clouds. When masses of air with different densities (moisture and temperature characteristics) meet, the less dense warmer

title: Precipitation

text: is a stable cloud deck which tends to form when a cool, stable air mass is trapped underneath a warm air mass. It can also form due to the lifting of advection fog during breezy conditions. There are four main mechanisms for cooling the air to its dew point: adiabatic cooling, conductive cooling, radiational cooling, and evaporative cooling. Adiabatic cooling occurs when air rises and expands. The air can rise due to convection, large-scale atmospheric motions, or a physical barrier such as a mountain (orographic lift). Conductive cooling occurs when the air comes into contact with a colder surface, usually

title: Precipitation types

text: but usually their passage is associated with a drying of the air mass. Orographic or relief rainfall is caused when masses of air are forced up the side of elevated land formations, such as large mountains (often referred to as an upslope effect). The lift of the air up the side of the mountain results in adiabatic cooling, and ultimately condensation and precipitation. In mountainous parts of the world subjected to relatively consistent winds (for example, the trade winds), a more moist climate usually prevails on the windward side of a mountain than on the leeward (downwind) side. Moisture is

title: Drought

text: that can cause the overturning of the atmosphere in that location within an hour and cause heavy precipitation, while stratiform processes involve weaker upward motions and less intense precipitation over a longer duration. Precipitation can be divided into three categories, based on whether it falls as liquid water, liquid water that freezes on contact with the surface, or ice. Droughts occur mainly in areas where normal levels of rainfall are, in themselves, low. If these factors do not support precipitation volumes sufficiently to reach the surface over a sufficient time, the result is a drought. Drought can be triggered by

title: Precipitation types

text: an airmass can also cool (e.g. through radiative cooling, or ground contact with cold terrain) without a change in altitude. "Convective" precipitation occurs when air rises vertically through the (temporarily) self-sustaining mechanism of convection. "Stratiform" precipitation occurs when large air masses rise diagonally as larger-scale atmospheric dynamics force them to move over each other. "Orographic" precipitation is similar, except the upwards motion is forced when a moving airmass encounters the rising slope of a landform such as a mountain ridge. Convection occurs when the Earth's surface, especially within a conditionally unstable or moist atmosphere, becomes heated more than its surroundings

title: Precipitation

text: greater upward motion, which can induce additional shower and thunderstorm activity. Rainfall rates downwind of cities are increased between 48% and 116%. Partly as a result of this warming, monthly rainfall is about 28% greater between downwind of cities, compared with upwind. Some cities induce a total precipitation increase of 51%. The Quantitative Precipitation Forecast (abbreviated QPF) is the expected amount of liquid precipitation accumulated over a specified time period over a specified area. A QPF will be specified when a measurable precipitation type reaching a minimum threshold is forecast for any hour during a QPF valid period. Precipitation forecasts

title: Precipitation types

text: air overrides more dense and colder air. The warmer air is forced to rise and if conditions are right, and furthermore creates an effect of saturation, causing precipitation. In turn, precipitation can enhance the temperature and dewpoint contrast along a frontal boundary. Passing weather fronts often result in sudden changes in environmental temperature, and in turn the humidity and pressure in the air at ground level. Warm fronts occur where warm air pushes out a previously extant cold air mass. The warm air overrides the cooler air and moves upward dud . Warm fronts are followed by extended periods of

title: Precipitation

text: are suggested by the decreased salinity of mid- and high-latitude waters (implying more precipitation), along with increased salinity in lower latitudes (implying less precipitation, more evaporation, or both). Over the contiguous United States, total annual precipitation increased at an average rate of 6.1% per century since 1900, with the greatest increases within the East North Central climate region (11.6% per century) and the South (11.1%). Hawaii was the only region to show a decrease (-9.25%). The urban heat island warms cities 0.6 to 5.6 °C (1.1 to 10.1 °F) above surrounding suburbs and rural areas. This extra heat leads to

title: Climate

text: most commonly used form of the Köppen classification has five primary types labeled A through E. These primary types are A) tropical, B) dry, C) mild mid-latitude, D) cold mid-latitude, and E) polar. The five primary classifications can be further divided into secondary classifications such as rainforest, monsoon, tropical savanna, humid subtropical, humid continental, oceanic climate, Mediterranean climate, desert, steppe, subarctic climate, tundra, and polar ice cap. Rainforests are characterized by high rainfall, with definitions setting minimum normal annual rainfall between and . Mean monthly temperatures exceed during all months of the year. A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind

title: Rain

text: of on average. During the fall, winter, and spring, Pacific storm systems bring most of Hawaii and the western United States much of their precipitation. Over the top of the ridge, the jet stream brings a summer precipitation maximum to the Great Lakes. Large thunderstorm areas known as mesoscale convective complexes move through the Plains, Midwest, and Great Lakes during the warm season, contributing up to 10% of the annual precipitation to the region. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation affects the precipitation distribution, by altering rainfall patterns across the western United States, Midwest, the Southeast, and throughout the tropics. There is

title: Rain

text: is the expected amount of liquid precipitation accumulated over a specified time period over a specified area. A QPF will be specified when a measurable precipitation type reaching a minimum threshold is forecast for any hour during a QPF valid period. Precipitation forecasts tend to be bound by synoptic hours such as 0000, 0600, 1200 and 1800 GMT. Terrain is considered in QPFs by use of topography or based upon climatological precipitation patterns from observations with fine detail. Starting in the mid to late 1990s, QPFs were used within hydrologic forecast models to simulate impact to rivers throughout the United

title: United States rainfall climatology

text: United States rainfall climatology The characteristics of United States rainfall climatology differ significantly across the United States and those under United States sovereignty. Late summer and fall extratropical cyclones bring a majority of the precipitation which falls across western, southern, and southeast Alaska annually. During the winter, and spring, Pacific storm systems bring Hawaii and the western United States most of their precipitation. Nor'easters moving down the East coast bring cold season precipitation to the Carolinas, Mid-Atlantic and New England states. Lake-effect snows add to precipitation potential downwind of the Great Lakes, as well as Great Salt Lake and the

title: Rain

text: suggested by the decreased salinity of mid- and high-latitude waters (implying more precipitation), along with increased salinity in lower latitudes (implying less precipitation and/or more evaporation). Over the contiguous United States, total annual precipitation increased at an average rate of 6.1 percent since 1900, with the greatest increases within the East North Central climate region (11.6 percent per century) and the South (11.1 percent). Hawaii was the only region to show a decrease (−9.25 percent). Analysis of 65 years of United States of America rainfall records show the lower 48 states have an increase in heavy downpours since 1950. The

title: Precipitation (chemistry)

text: Precipitation (chemistry) Precipitation is the creation of a solid from a solution. When the reaction occurs in a liquid solution, the solid formed is called the 'precipitate'. The chemical that causes the solid to form is called the 'precipitant'. Without sufficient force of gravity (settling) to bring the solid particles together, the precipitate remains in suspension. After sedimentation, especially when using a centrifuge to press it into a compact mass, the precipitate may be referred to as a 'pellet'. Precipitation can be used as a medium. The precipitate-free liquid remaining above the solid is called the 'supernate' or 'supernatant'. Powders

title: United States rainfall climatology

text: at East Hill. Increasing temperatures tend to increase evaporation which leads to more precipitation. As average global temperatures have risen, average global precipitation has also increased. Precipitation has generally increased over land north of 30°N from 1900 to 2005, but declined over the tropics since the 1970s. Eastern portions of North America have become wetter. There has been an increase in the number of heavy precipitation events over many areas during the past century, as well as an increase since the 1970s in the prevalence of droughts—especially in the tropics and subtropics. Over the contiguous United States, total annual precipitation

title: Precipitation

text: leeward side of mountains, desert climates can exist due to the dry air caused by compressional heating. Most precipitation occurs within the tropics and is caused by convection. The movement of the monsoon trough, or intertropical convergence zone, brings rainy seasons to savannah climes. Precipitation is a major component of the water cycle, and is responsible for depositing the fresh water on the planet. Approximately of water falls as precipitation each year; of it over the oceans and over land. Given the Earth's surface area, that means the globally averaged annual precipitation is , but over land it is only

title: Dew point

text: At temperatures below the dew point, the rate of condensation will be greater than that of evaporation, forming more liquid water. The condensed water is called dew when it forms on a solid surface, or frost if it freezes. The condensed water is called either fog or a cloud, depending on its altitude, when it forms in the air. If the temperature is below the dew point, the vapor is called supersaturated. This can happen if there are not enough particles in the air to act as condensation nuclei. A high relative humidity implies that the dew point is closer

title: Rain

text: virga and is more often seen in hot and dry climates. Stratiform (a broad shield of precipitation with a relatively similar intensity) and dynamic precipitation (convective precipitation which is showery in nature with large changes in intensity over short distances) occur as a consequence of slow ascent of air in synoptic systems (on the order of cm/s), such as in the vicinity of cold fronts and near and poleward of surface warm fronts. Similar ascent is seen around tropical cyclones outside the eyewall, and in comma-head precipitation patterns around mid-latitude cyclones. A wide variety of weather can be found along

title: Climate of India

text: precipitation in the post-monsoon and winter periods. However, parts of West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Mumbai also receive minor precipitation from the north-east monsoon. Shown below are temperature and precipitation data for selected Indian cities; these represent the full variety of major Indian climate types. Figures have been grouped by the four-season classification scheme used by the IMD; year-round averages and totals are also displayed. Climate-related natural disasters cause massive losses of Indian life and property. Droughts, flash floods, cyclones, avalanches, landslides brought on by torrential rains, and snowstorms pose the greatest threats. Other dangers include frequent summer

title: Precipitation

title: Utah

text: primary source of precipitation for the state is the Pacific Ocean, with the state usually lying in the path of large Pacific storms from October to May. In summer, the state, especially southern and eastern Utah, lies in the path of monsoon moisture from the Gulf of California. Most of the lowland areas receive less than of precipitation annually, although the I-15 corridor, including the densely populated Wasatch Front, receives approximately . The Great Salt Lake Desert is the driest area of the state, with less than . Snowfall is common in all but the far southern valleys. Although St.

title: Droughts in the United States

text: intense precipitation over a longer duration. Precipitation can be divided into three categories, based on whether it falls as liquid water, liquid water that freezes on contact with the surface, or ice. If these factors do not support precipitation volumes sufficient to reach the surface over a sufficient period of time, the result is a drought. Drought can be triggered by a high level of reflected sunlight and above average prevalence of high pressure systems, winds carrying continental, rather than oceanic air masses, and ridges of high pressure areas aloft can prevent or restrict the developing of thunderstorm activity or

title: Precipitation

text: less useful in areas where stratiform (layered) precipitation dominates, especially in mid- and high-latitude regions. The more-direct physical connection between hydrometeors and microwave channels gives the microwave estimates greater skill on short time and space scales than is true for IR. However, microwave sensors fly only on low Earth orbit satellites, and there are few enough of them that the average time between observations exceeds three hours. This several-hour interval is insufficient to adequately document precipitation because of the transient nature of most precipitation systems as well as the inability of a single satellite to appropriately capture the typical daily

title: United States rainfall climatology

text: recipients of the precipitation are the coastal ranges such as the Olympic Mountains, the Cascades, and the Sierra Nevada range. Lesser amounts fall upon the Continental Divide. Cold-season precipitation into this region is the main supply of water to area rivers, such as the Colorado River and Rio Grande, and also acts as the main source of water to people living in this portion of the United States. During El Niño events, increased precipitation is expected in California due to a more southerly, zonal, storm track. California also enters a wet pattern when thunderstorm activity within the tropics associated with

title: Precipitation

text: there has been no statistically significant overall trend in precipitation over the past century, although trends have varied widely by region and over time. Eastern portions of North and South America, northern Europe, and northern and central Asia have become wetter. The Sahel, the Mediterranean, southern Africa and parts of southern Asia have become drier. There has been an increase in the number of heavy precipitation events over many areas during the past century, as well as an increase since the 1970s in the prevalence of droughts—especially in the tropics and subtropics. Changes in precipitation and evaporation over the oceans

title: Flood

text: precipitation data from NASA's Earth observing satellites and the Global Precipitation Measurement satellite, "GPM." Rainfall data from GPM is combined with a land surface model that incorporates vegetation cover, soil type, and terrain to determine how much water is soaking into the ground, and how much water is flowing into streamflow. Users can view statistics for rainfall, streamflow, water depth, and flooding every 3 hours, at each 12 kilometer gridpoint on a global map. Forecasts for these parameters are 5 days into the future. Users can zoom in to see inundation maps (areas estimated to be covered with water) in

title: Environment of Idaho

text: range of 5-20%), and to increase by 20% in winter (with a range of 10-40%). Other climate models may show different results, especially regarding estimated changes in precipitation. The impacts described in the sections that follow take into account estimates from different models. The amount of precipitation on extreme wet or snowy days in winter is likely to increase. The frequency of extreme hot days in summer would increase because of the general warming trend. It is not clear how the severity of storms might be affected, although an increase in the frequency and intensity of winter storms is possible.

title: Earth

text: uplift of warm, humid air, this water condenses and falls to the surface as precipitation. Most of the water is then transported to lower elevations by river systems and usually returned to the oceans or deposited into lakes. This water cycle is a vital mechanism for supporting life on land and is a primary factor in the erosion of surface features over geological periods. Precipitation patterns vary widely, ranging from several meters of water per year to less than a millimeter. Atmospheric circulation, topographic features, and temperature differences determine the average precipitation that falls in each region. The amount of

title: Evapotranspiration

text: on windy days because the evaporated moisture can be quickly moved from the ground or plant surface, allowing more evaporation to fill its place. Potential evapotranspiration is expressed in terms of a depth of water, and can be graphed during the year (see figure). Potential evapotranspiration is usually measured indirectly, from other climatic factors, but also depends on the surface type, such as free water (for lakes and oceans), the soil type for bare soil, and the vegetation. Often a value for the potential evapotranspiration is calculated at a nearby climate station on a reference surface, conventionally short grass. This

title: Orography

text: a rising moist air parcel may lower its temperature to its dew point, thus allowing for condensation of the water vapor contained within it, and hence the formation of a cloud. If enough water vapor condenses into cloud droplets, these droplets may become large enough to fall to the ground as precipitation. In parts of the world subjected to relatively consistent winds (for example the trade winds), a wetter climate prevails on the windward side of a mountain than on the leeward (downwind) side as moisture is removed by orographic precipitation. Drier air (see katabatic wind) is left on the

title: Precipitation

long_answer: In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, graupel and hail. Precipitation occurs when a portion of the atmosphere becomes saturated with water vapor, so that the water condenses and "precipitates". Thus, fog and mist are not precipitation but suspensions, because the water vapor does not condense sufficiently to precipitate. Two processes, possibly acting together, can lead to air becoming saturated: cooling the air or adding water vapor to the air. Precipitation forms as smaller droplets coalesce via collision with other rain drops or ice crystals within a cloud. Short, intense periods of rain in scattered locations are called "showers."

short_answers: drizzle graupel hail rain sleet snow


question: who won the men's ice skating 2018

answers: Yuzuru Hanyu

title: Andrei Mozalev

text: Andrei Mozalev Andrei Mikhailovich Mozalev (, born 24 March 2003) is a Russian figure skater. He is the 2018 JGP Czech Republic champion. Mozalev was born on 24 March 2003 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Mozalev began learning to skate in 2008. He is coached by Kirill Davydenko. In November 2016 Mozalev made his international junior level debut at the 2016 Volvo Open Cup where he won the gold medal. Three weeks later he won another gold medal at the 2016 NRW Trophy. In November 2017 Mozalev won his 3rd international gold medal at the 2017 Tallinn Trophy. At the 2018

title: Artur Dmitriev Jr.

text: debut at the 2016 Rostelecom Cup where he placed 10th. A week later he skated his 2nd GP event at the 2016 Trophée de France where he placed 9th. In December 2016 he placed 8th at the 2017 Russian Championships. In February 2017 he competed at the 2017 Winter Universiade where he finished 4th. In the 2017–18 season, he won the bronze medal at the 2017 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb and finished 5th at the 2018 Russian Championships. In the 2018–19 season, he started his season at the 2018 CS Nebelhorn Trophy where he won the bronze medal. At

title: Deniss Vasiļjevs

text: 5th in the free skate and climbed to 6th overall. He went on to win gold at Cup of Tyrol for the second time. In December, Vasiļjevs won his 3rd national title, and along with Diāna Ņikitina, was subsequently selected to represent Latvia in figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics. At the 2018 European Championships in January, he placed 3rd in the short program and earned a small bronze medal. He was 5th in the free skating after falling on a downgraded quad toeloop and finished 4th, matching the record finishes of Angelīna Kučvaļska and Konstantīns Kostins at previous

title: Sergei Voronov (figure skater)

text: program and 5th in the free skate. In December 2017 Voronov placed 4th at the 2018 Russian Championships after placing 4th in the short program and 3rd in the free skate. Voronov started his season in mid September by competing at the 2018 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy where he won the silver medal behind his teammate Mikhail Kolyada. In October Voronov won the bronze medal at the 2018 Skate America. In early November Voronov competed at his second Grand Prix event, the 2018 NHK Trophy. He was ranked 2nd in both programs and won the silver medal behind Shoma Uno.

title: Dmitri Aliev

text: compete at the 2017 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy but withdrew due to ankle inflammation . In October 2017 Aliev made his debut at the Grand Prix series. He placed 6th at the 2017 Rostelecom Cup and 8th at the 2017 NHK Trophy. He then won his first ISU Challenger Series gold medalt at the 2017 CS Tallinn Trophy. He came in third in the 2018 Russian Nationals. In January 2018 he won the silver medal at the 2018 European Championship after placing 2nd in both the short program and the free skate. At the Europeans he scored his personal best

title: Alexander Samarin

text: at the 2017 Skate Canada and placed 4th at the 2017 Internationaux de France. In December 2017 Samarin competed at the 2018 Russian Championships where he won the silver medal behind Mikhail Kolyada. In January 2018 he competed at the 2018 European Championships where he placed 6th. Samarin started his season at the 2018 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy where he finished 5th. In his Grand Prix events, he placed 4th at 2018 Skate Canada and 3rd at 2018 Internationaux de France. In early December Samarin competed at the 2018 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb where he won the bronze medal.

title: Artur Danielian

text: In February 2018, he won the bronze medal at the 2018 Russian Junior Championships. In March, Danielian competed at the 2018 World Junior Championships in Sofia, Bulgaria; he won the silver medal, behind teammate Alexey Erokhov, after placing 8th in the short program and second in the free skate. Danielian started his season by competing in the 2018 JGP series. At his first JGP event of the season he placed 5th in Ljubljana, Slovenia. At his 2nd JGP event he placed 4th in Yerevan, Armenia. "CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix" "Small medals for short and free programs awarded

title: Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles

text: 1952. Fellow countryman Shoma Uno won the silver medal, and Spain's Javier Fernández won the bronze medal. Fernández won Spain's first figure skating medal and fourth medal at the Winter Olympics. After the short program, Hanyu, Fernández, Uno, and Jin Boyang were first, second, third, and fourth respectively. Nathan Chen, originally one of the favorites for the podium, skated an uncharacteristically poor short program that placed him at 17th, but fought back to win the free skating with a score of 215.08--8.91 points above the second place free skating by Hanyu. He ended up fifth overall. In the free program,

title: Roman Savosin

text: won the silver medal at the 2018 Russian Junior Championships after placing 6th in the short program and 2nd in the free skate. In March 2018 Savosin competed at the 2018 Junior Worlds where he placed 5th after placing 12th in the short program and 5th in the free skate. Savosin started his season by competing in the 2018 JGP series. At his first JGP event of the season he placed 5th in Bratislava, Slovakia. At his 2nd JGP event he won the bronze medal in Linz, Austria. In late November Savosin finished 5th at the 2018 CS Tallinn Trophy.

title: Andrei Lazukin

text: medal. In early November he placed 6th at the 2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki. Two weeks later he finished 7th at the 2018 Rostelecom Cup. "GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix" Andrei Lazukin Andrei Olegovich Lazukin (, born 19 November 1997) is a Russian figure skater. He is the 2015 Bavarian Open champion, 2017 Triglav Trophy silver medalist, and 2018 CS Lombardia Trophy bronze medalist. Earlier in his career, he won gold at the 2014 ISU Junior Grand Prix in Germany. Andrei Olegovich Lazukin was born on 19 November 1997 in Tolyatti, Russia. Lazukin began learning

title: Deniss Vasiļjevs

text: Deniss Vasiļjevs Deniss Vasiļjevs (born 9 August 1999) is a Latvian figure skater. He is the 2016 Youth Olympics silver medallist. He is also the 2015 CS Tallinn Trophy bronze medalist, the 2016-17 and 2017-18 Cup of Tyrol champion, the 2018 Minsk-Arena Ice Star champion, and a three-time Latvian national champion. He finished in the top ten at the 2017 European Championships, in the top five at the 2018 European Championships and in the top ten at the 2018 World Championships. Earlier in his career, Vasiļjevs won two silver medals on the ISU Junior Grand Prix (JGP) series. He is

title: Mikhail Kolyada

text: won his 2nd consecutive Russian figure skating title, and despite errors won bronze for the 2nd consecutive year at the European Figure Skating Championships. He was selected to skate both programs for Team Russia in the Olympic Team Figure Skating event, helping the Olympic Athletes of Russia to the Team Silver medal. He won the bronze medal at the 2018 World Figure Skating Championships in Milan, Italy, being 2nd after the short, but dropping to 3rd after errors in the long. Kolyada started his season by competing in two ISU Challenger Series events. In mid September he won the gold

title: Paul Fentz

text: in the men's event at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. "GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix" Paul Fentz Paul Fentz (born 8 September 1992) is a German figure skater. He has won four senior international medals and is the 2018 German national champion. He has competed in the final segment at four ISU Championships. Fentz began appearing on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series in the 2008–09 season. His senior international debut came at the 2011 Triglav Trophy. In the 2011–12 season, he won the silver medal at the 2012 German Championships and

title: Mikhail Kolyada

text: medal at the 2018 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy and in early October he won another gold medal at the 2018 CS Finlandia Trophy. At both events Kolyada ranked first in both the short program and the free skate. In early November he placed 4th at the 2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki. Two weeks later he placed 4th again, now at the 2018 Rostelecom Cup. In early December Kolyada competed at the 2018 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb where he won the silver medal after placing first in the short program and second in the free skate. "GP: Grand Prix; CS:

title: Andrei Lazukin

text: at the 2017 CS Lombardia Trophy and in early October he finished 8th again in 2017 CS Finlandia Trophy. Two weeks later he made his Grand Prix debut at the 2017 Rostelecom Cup where he placed 10th. In December he skated his 3rd Challenger event of the season at the 2017 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb where he placed 6th. In late December he finished 7th at the 2018 Russian Championships. In September Lazukin won the bronze medal at the 2018 CS Lombardia Trophy with a personal best score of 243.45 points. This medal was his first ISU Challenger Series

title: Artur Danielian

text: only at ISU Championships." Artur Danielian Artur Ashotovich Danielian (, born 17 December 2003) is a Russian figure skater. He is the 2018 World Junior silver medalist and 2018 Russian junior national bronze medalist. Danielian was born on 17 December 2003 in Volgograd, Russia. He is the youngest of three children. Danielian began learning to skate in 2008, after an ice rink opened near his home in Volgograd. In 2016, he moved to Moscow and joined CSKA Moscow. Marina Selitskaia and Elena Buianova became his coaches. In September 2017, Danielian competed at his first Junior Grand Prix (JGP) assignment, placing

title: Ilia Skirda

text: Ilia Skirda Ilia Valeryevich Skirda (, born 21 September 2002) is a Russian figure skater who competes in men's singles. He has won two silver medals on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series. Skirda skated at Sokolniki Sports school before relocating to Sambo 70 skating club in 2013. He finished 7th at his first junior nationals, in 2015. After a year, he finished 4th at the 2016 Russian Junior Championships, behind Roman Savosin. In August 2016, at age 13, Skirda made his international debut at the 2016–17 Junior Grand Prix (JGP) competition in Saint-Gervais-les-Bains, France. Ranked 9th in the short

title: Deniss Vasiļjevs

text: European Championships. At the 2018 Winter Olympics, Vasiļjevs was 21st after the short program after falling on a triple axel. In the free skating he fell again on a triple axel and on another element, but was able to move up to 19th place. In March, Vasiļjevs competed at the World Championships, where he skated a clean short program and placed 9th. In the free skate, he set a new personal best and national record to finish 6th overall. His 6th place finish is the highest ever placement by any skater representing Latvia in any discipline at Worlds. In October

title: Daniel Albert Naurits

text: the free skate, resulting in a final placement of 22nd. He also qualified to the free skate at the 2017 World Junior Championships, finishing 20th in Taipei, Taiwan. Coached by Liina-Grete Lilender, Naurits placed 21st at the 2018 European Championships in Moscow, Russia. "CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix" Daniel Albert Naurits Daniel Albert Naurits (born 22 March 1998) is an Estonian figure skater. He is the 2017 Nordic bronze medalist and a two-time Estonian national champion. He has competed in the final segment at three ISU Championships. Naurits began learning to skate in 2001. Early in his career,

text: With his victory at the 2018 Winter Olympics, Yuzuru Hanyu became the first male figure skater to win two consecutive gold medals after Dick Button, who did so in 1952.  Fellow countryman Shoma Uno won the silver medal, and Spain's Javier Fernández won the bronze medal. Fernández won Spain's first figure skating medal and fourth medal at the Winter Olympics.

title: Netherlands at the 2018 Winter Olympics

text: a total of ten medals, including five golds, Wüst became the best ever Olympic speed skater (male or female) and the seventh-best Winter Olympic athlete overall. Olympic debutant Kjeld Nuis won the gold medal in the men's 1500 metres speed skating event. Patrick Roest, also an Olympic debutant, won the silver medal. Koen Verweij, one of the favorites for the win, disappointed with an eleventh place. In short track speed skating, Yara van Kerkhof unexpectedly won the silver medal in the women's 500 metres event, benefiting from the disqualification of the Korean Choi Min-jeong after initially finishing in third. The

title: Deniss Vasiļjevs

text: Trophy. He ranked 6th in both segments and 7th overall at the 2017 European Championships in Ostrava, Czech Republic. In March, he won his first international senior gold medal at the 2017 Cup of Tyrol. He finished 14th at the 2017 World Championships in Helsinki, Finland. Due to his result, Latvia qualified a spot in the men's event at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Vasiļjevs began his season in September, finishing 4th at Lombardia Trophy. He finished in 8th place at Rostelecom Cup. In November, he was 9th in the short program at NHK Trophy but placed

title: Netherlands at the 2018 Winter Olympics

text: medal in the men's 5000 metres speed skating event. Kramer became the first man ever to win a gold medal in the same speed skating event at three consecutive Winter Olympics. Netherlands took three of the top four places in the women's 1500 metres speed skating event; Ireen Wüst won the gold medal and Marrit Leenstra took bronze, only 0.01 seconds ahead of Lotte van Beek. On winning the gold medal, Wüst had succeeded in achieving gold medal wins at four consecutive Winter Olympics, exactly twelve years after winning her first gold medal in the 3000 metres in 2006. With

text: started at 16:00. Speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's 5000 metres The men's 5000 metres speed skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at Gangneung Oval in Gangneung on 11 February 2018. The event was won by two-time defending champion Sven Kramer in an Olympic record time of 6:09:76. In doing so, he became the first man to win three gold medals in a speed skating event in three consecutive editions of the Olympics. Ted-Jan Bloemen won the silver medal, and Sverre Lunde Pedersen won the bronze medal. Bloemen and Pedersen skated in the same

title: Irakli Maysuradze

text: Russia, and 7th in Tallinn, Estonia. In November, he stepped onto his first senior international podium, winning silver at Ice Star in Belarus. The following month, he took silver at the Santa Claus Cup in Hungary. Maysuradze remained in Moscow but changed coaches, joining Svetlana Sokolovskaia. During the season, he qualified to the free skate at two ISU Championships. At the 2018 European Championships in Moscow, he finished 17th overall after placing 18th in the short and 15th in the free. At the 2018 World Junior Championships in Sofia (Bulgaria), he placed 9th in the short, 15th in the free,

text: Speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's 5000 metres The men's 5000 metres speed skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at Gangneung Oval in Gangneung on 11 February 2018. The event was won by two-time defending champion Sven Kramer in an Olympic record time of 6:09:76. In doing so, he became the first man to win three gold medals in a speed skating event in three consecutive editions of the Olympics. Ted-Jan Bloemen won the silver medal, and Sverre Lunde Pedersen won the bronze medal. Bloemen and Pedersen skated in the same pair, posted the

title: Sergei Voronov (figure skater)

text: Voronov competed in two Challenger events. His first event was 2017 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy where he won the silver medal behind his teammate Mikhail Kolyada. He then skated at the 2017 CS Minsk-Arena Ice Star where he won the gold medal. In November 2017 Voronov won his first Grand Prix series gold medal when he won the 2017 NHK Trophy with a personal best score of 271.12 points. He then won the bronze medal at the 2017 Skate America. These results qualified him to the 2017–18 Grand Prix Final where he placed 4th after placing 5th in the short

title: Keiji Tanaka

text: 8th at the 2017 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy after placing 4th in the short program and 9th in the free skate. He received two Grand Prix assignments, 2017 Rostelecom Cup and 2017 Cup of China. He withdrew from the first event due to a muscle injury in his right hip-pelvic area. In December, Tanaka won his second National silver medal, and was named to compete at the 2018 Winter Olympics, 2018 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships and the 2018 World Figure Skating Championships. At the 2018 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, Tanaka set new personal bests in the short program,

title: Nikita Katsalapov

text: where they won the bronze medal. At their GP events they first placed 4th at the 2017 NHK Trophy and then they won the bronze medal at the 2017 Skate America. At the 2018 Russian Championships they had to withdrew after the short dance. Sinitsina/Katsalapov started their season at the 2018 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy where they won the gold medal with a personal best score of 196.42 points. In late October they won the silver medal at the 2018 Skate Canada. In late November they won their second Grand Prix silver medal of the season at the 2018 Internationaux

title: Vladislav Bykanov

text: in 2015 in Dordrecht, Netherlands, with a time of 5 minutes 2.882 seconds, ahead of Thibaut Fauconnet of France. At the 2017 European Championships he won a bronze medal in the 1,500m. At the January 2018 European Championships in Dresden, Germany, Bykanov won the gold medal in the 3,000m, the silver medal in the Overall competition, and the bronze medal in the 1,500m. He also came in 5th in the 500m, and 21st in the 1,000m. Bykanov competed for Israel at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Short Track Speed Skating in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Vladislav Bykanov Vladislav Bykanov (, )


question: which is the fastest train in india and what is its speed

answers: Gatiman

answers: 160km/hour

answers: Mumbai Rajdhani Express

title: Mumbai Rajdhani Express

text: for one month . Recently Virar-Vadodara-Godhra Section top speed is enhanced from 120 km/h to 130 km/h. Hence, Mumbai Rajdhani's time reduced from 16 hours to 15 hr 35 minutes while it continues to be the fastest train in India (including halts) with average speed of 91 km/h.It is the first train (along with 12953/54 August Kranti Rajdhani Express as both have Rake Sharing) to be experimented with HOG (Head On Generation) which powers the train directly from locomotive instead of an EOG or generator van . On 18 April 2011, three coaches of the train caught fire, including the

title: Express trains in India

text: of around 20 km/h for express trains. The "Duronto Express" trains introduced in 2009 (which run between major cities without any intermediate halts) are projected to be the fastest trains in India when new services are introduced with a higher speed limit of 120–130 km/h. Despite being limited to a lower speed limit, they take as much time as a "Rajdhani" or "Shatabdi" on the same route, courtesy the non-stop nature of their journey. "Rajdhani Express" which was introduced in 1969 to connect New Delhi with the state capitals in India, travels at speeds up to 130 km/h. Indian railways

title: Howrah - Raxaul Express

text: Howrah - Raxaul Express The Howrah - Raxaul Express is a express train belonging to Eastern Railway zone that runs between Howrah Junction and RaxaulJunction in India. It is currently being operated with 13043/13044 train numbers on twice in a week basis. It runs from Howrah Junction to Raxaul Junction on Wednesdays and Fridays of every week.In the reverse direction it runs on Thursdays and Saturdays of every week.It connects important stations like Asansol, Jhajha, Barauni, Samastipur, Darbhanga, Sitamarhi.The 13043/Howrah - Raxaul Express has averages speed of 41 km/hr and covers 699 km in 16h 55m. The 13044/Raxaul - Howrah

title: Yesvantpur Ahmedabad Weekly Express

text: it has second class coaches also. Yesvantpur Ahmedabad Weekly Express The Yesvantpur Ahmedabad Weekly Express is a passenger train that runs from Yesvantpur in Bangalore to Ahmedabad. The train traverses over 1799 km. The average speed of the train is 52 km per hour. The train belongs to the South Western zone and is an AC mail and express train type. From May 2, 2014, the train number has changed to 14805/14806, and a new station, Barmer, was added to the journey. The train doesn’t have an AC 1st tier coach; it has the AC 2nd and AC 3rd tier

title: Gujarat Express

text: (55 km/hr) & 9 hours 25 mins as 22954 Gujarat Express (55 km/hr). As the average speed of the train is above 55 km/hr, as per Indian Railway rules, its fare includes a Superfast surcharge. Prior to Western Railways switching over to the AC system in February 2012, dual traction WCAM 1 or WCAM 2/2P locos would haul the train. Since Western Railway has switched over to the AC system it is hauled end to end by a Vadodara based WAP 5 or WAP 4E loco. Gujarat Express The 22953/22954 Gujarat Express is an express train belonging to Indian Railways

title: Howrah–Rajgir Fast Passenger

text: Howrah–Rajgir Fast Passenger Howrah–Rajgir Fast Passenger is a passenger train belonging to Eastern Railway zone that runs between Howrah Junction and Rajgir. It is currently being operated with 53043/53044 train numbers on daily basis. The 53043/Howrah–Rajgir Fast Passenger runs with an average speed of 28 km/h and completes 656 km in 23h 45m. The 53044/Rajgir–Howrah Fast Passenger runs with an average speed of 28 km/h and completes 656 km in 23h 45m. The important halts of the train are: The train has standard ICF rakes with max speed of 110 kmph. The train consist of 11 coaches: Both trains are

text: Howrah - New Delhi Rajdhani Express (via Patna) The Howrah - New Delhi Rajdhani Express is an most prestigious Rajdhani class train train belonging to Eastern Railway zone that runs between Howrah Junction and New Delhi in India. It is currently being operated with 12305/12306 train numbers on weekly basis. The 12305/Howrah - New Delhi Rajdhani Express has averages speed of 77 km/hr and covers 1531 km in 19h 55m. The 12306/New Delhi - Howrah Rajdhani Express has averages speed of 79 km/hr and covers 1531 km in 19h 20m. The important halts of the train are: The train has

title: Yesvantpur–Bikaner Express

text: with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand. The 16587 - Express covers the distance of in 50 hours 10 mins (49 km/hr) & in 53 hours 05 mins as the 16588 - Express (46 km/hr). As the average speed of the train is lower than , as per railway rules, its fare doesn't includes a Superfast surcharge. The 16587 / 88 Yesvantpur Junction - Bikaner Junction Express runs from via , ,, , , , , , , , , , to . As the route is

title: New Delhi - Kalka Shatabdi Express

text: New Delhi - Kalka Shatabdi Express The New Delhi Kalka Shatabdi Express (Hindi: नई दिल्ली कालका शताब्दी एक्सप्रेस) is a superfast express fully airconditioned train connecting New Delhi and Kalka. It is one of the superfast train in the New Delhi - Kalka section covering a distance of 303 km in a span of 4 hours 5 min. The train runs at an average speed of 95 km per hour (including halts). It is super fast fully electric hauled train in India, with a top speed of 140 kilometers per hour. The train is hauled by a matching WAP 7

title: Intercity Express (Indian Railways)

text: Intercity Express (Indian Railways) The Intercity Express is the express-train service in India which connects major railway junctions and state capitals. These act as long-distance reserved suburban trains with sitting accommodation. These are quite fast and maintain a high average speed for short distances along with priority over other trains. The first Named Intercity Train (Flying Ranee) was introduced in 1906 for providing connections between two cities from one state to another various states in India. The first Named Intercity Train (Flying Ranee) left Surat station for Mumbai Central station to cover a distance of 264 km in 5 hrs

title: Chiplun

text: – Dadar Sawantwadi Express, 10103 – Mumbai Madgaon Mandovi Express, 12051 – Mumbai Madgaon Janshatabdi Express, 16345 – Mumbai Trivandrum Netravati Express, 12619 – Mumbai Mangalore Matsyagandha Express & 12201 – Mumbai Kochuveli Garibrath Express. All the trains on this route runs have two time tables – a monsoon time table (usually running from 1 June to 31 October), where trains usually run at a reduced speed, and a regular timetable when trains usually run at normal speed 110 kmph for express and 130 kmph for Rajdhani. The fastest train on this route is 12431 – Hazrat Nizamuddin Trivandrum Rajdhani

title: Duronto Express

text: These trains run faster than Rajdhani Express trains which hold the record of the fastest long-distance trains in India. For example, the New Delhi – Sealdah Duronto Express takes 16 hours to cover the journey against 17 hours taken by Rajdhani Express. The trains will adhere to the speed limit of 130 km/h. New Delhi - Sealdah Duronto express has a top speed of 130 km/h The Chennai, Sealdah, Yeshwantpur and Pune Duronto run at a speed of 130 km/h.The Howrah/Allahabad/Bhubaneshwar New Delhi, Secunderabad Hazrat Nizamuddin, with Hybrid-LHB rakes is the only Duronto permitted to run at a speed of

title: Viswabharati Fast Passenger

text: As is customary with most train services in India, Coach Composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand. The 53047 Howrah Rampurhat Fast Passenger covers the distance of 219 kilometers in 04 hours 55 mins (44.54 km/hr) & in 05 hours 00 mins as 53048 Rampurhat Howrah Fast Passenger (43.80 km/hr). As the average speed of the train is below , as per Indian Railway rules, its fare does not include a Superfast surcharge. The 53047 / 48 Howrah Rampur Hat Fast Passenger runs from Howrah Junction via Bardhaman Junction, Guskara, Bolpur Shantiniketan, Ahmadpur Junction,

title: Transport in India

text: of earnings to the corporation till 2007. India does not have any railways classified as high-speed rail (HSR), which have operational speeds in excess of . The fastest train in India is the Gatimaan Express with a top speed of , which runs between Delhi and Agra. In 2018, a new train stock was made in Chennai called T-18 which is set to replace the Shatabdi express. Prior to the 2014 general election, the two major national parties (Bharatiya Janata Party and Indian National Congress) pledged to introduce high-speed rail. The INC pledged to connect all of India's million-plus cities

title: Howrah - Darbhanga Express

text: Howrah - Darbhanga Express The Howrah - Darbhanga Express is an express train belonging to East Central Railway zone that runs between Howrah Junction and Darbhanga Junction in India. It is currently being operated with 15235/15236 train numbers on a weekly basis. The 15235/Howrah - Darbhanga Express has averages speed of 47 km/hr and covers 536 km in 11h 30m. The 15236/Darbhanga - Howrah Express has averages speed of 48 km/hr and covers 536 km in 11h 15m. The important halts of the train are: The train has standard ICF rakes with a max speed of 110 kmph. The train

title: Mumbai Central - Valsad Fast Passenger

text: Mumbai Central - Valsad Fast Passenger The Mumbai Central - Valsad Fast Passenger is a passenger train belonging to Western Railway zone that runs between Mumbai Central and Valsad. It is currently being operated with 59023/59024 train numbers on daily basis. Flying Ranee and this Passenger are only Non-AC Double Decker rake are used. The 59023/Mumbai Central - Valsad Fast Passenger runs with an average speed of 41 km/hr and covers 195 km in 4h 45m. The 59024/Valsad - Mumbai Central Fast Passenger runs with an average speed of 44 km/h and completes 195 km in 4h 20m. The important

title: Sampoorna Kranti Express

text: Sampoorna Kranti Express The Sampoorna Kranti Express is an Indian express passenger train service, which runs between Patna and New Delhi. The service began running on 17 February 2002 and is one of the fastest train services in India, traversing the 999 km distance in under fourteen hours, which is faster than the previous Magadh Express Patna-New Delhi service and the Vikramshila Express on the same route. This train is also known as Janta ki Rajdhani As It Has Fare Lower Than That Of Rajdhani But Matches It In Speed, Punctuality And Priority. Sampoorna Kranti Express Is currently the fastest

title: Himsagar Express

text: New Delhi (150 min) and in Thiruvananthapuram Central, Ernakulam Town, Kottayam Railway Station, Erode Junction, Bhopal Junction, Nagpur, Itarsi Junction, Jhansi, Gwalior Junction and Vijayawada (10-15 min each). Kanyakumari to Katra: The fastest speed is achieved near Kila Raipur (108 km/h) and the slowest speeds on the Hazrat Nizamuddin to New Delhi (24 km/h) and Bhopal Habibganj to Bhopal Junction (19 km/h) . It takes around three hours for the train to clear the Delhi area. The train has 19 coaches comprising One Second AC (2AC), Two Third AC (3AC), Ten Sleeper class (SL), Three Unreserved coaches (UR/GS), Two Luggage

title: Howrah Rajdhani Express

text: Howrah Rajdhani Express Howrah Rajdhani is the most prestigious Rajdhani class train in India which connects New Delhi to Howrah, Kolkata. The Howrah Rajdhani was the first Rajdhani Express in India, thereby becoming the first fully air-conditioned train in the country. The train is one of the fastest in India with maximum speed is more than 130 km/h and an average speed of . Howrah Rajdhani gets highest priority on Howrah–Delhi main line and Howrah-Delhi Grand Chord Line. It connects two big metropolis of India. The Howrah Rajdhani Express began operations on 3rd March, 1969. The train departed from the

title: Express trains in India

text: The india's fastest train now called Gatiman express its ranges 160km/hour between Delhi to Agra In 100 min its cross 180km

title: Kondaveedu Express

text: be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand. The 17211 - Kondaveedu Express covers the distance of in 18 hours 30 mins and in 16 hours 45 mins as 11205 - Kondaveedu Express. As the average speed of the train is below , as per Indian Railway rules, its fare does not include a Superfast surcharge. The 17211 / 12 Kondaveedu Express runs from via , , , , to . Kondaveedu Express The 17211 / 17212 Kondaveedu Express train belonging to Indian Railways - South Central Railway zone is a tri-weekly train that runs between and

title: Bihar Sampark Kranti Superfast Express

text: speed of the train is more than 55 km/hr. It reverses direction at Samastipur Junction. Bihar Sampark Kranti Superfast Express The 12565/12566 Bihar Sampark Kranti Superfast Express is an Indian daily Superfast Train service of Indian Railways, which runs between the Indian cities Of Darbhanga and New Delhi via Chhapra, Gorakhpur, Lucknow Charbagh, Kanpur central India. It operates as train number 12565 from Darbhanga Junction to New Delhi and as train number 12566 in the reverse direction. It is the most important train in north bihar with Vaishali Express for New Delhi. The other Superfast train which runs via Darbhanga

title: Sampoorna Kranti Express

text: as follows: class = AC 1 Tier (01), AC 2 Tier (02), AC 3 Tier (03), Sleeper 3 Tier (09), Unreserved seating (03) Pantry Car (01) EOG (02) (Total=22 Coaches). It is among the top priority trains of Indian Railways and will reach speeds of 130 km/hour from 8 August 2015. This Train Has Got Many Firsts To Its Name- - 1st Non AC Superfast Train To Get LHB Coaches. - 1st Non AC Superfast Train To Run At A Maximum Speed of 130kmph. - 1st Non AC Superfast ICF Train To Run At A Maximum Speed Of 115kmph as

title: Howrah - Ranchi Intercity Express

text: Howrah - Ranchi Intercity Express Howrah - Ranchi Intercity Express is a Intercity train belonging to South Eastern Railway zone that runs between Howrah Junction and Ranchi Junction. It is currently being operated with 22891/22892 train numbers on daily basis. The 22891/Howrah - Ranchi Intercity Express has averages speed of 57 km/hr and covers 460 km in 8h 5m. The 22892/Ranchi - Howrah Intercity Express has averages speed of 56 km/hr and covers 460 km in 8h 10m. The train has standard ICF rakes with max speed of 110 kmph. The train consist of 14 coaches : Both trains are

title: Okha - Howrah Link Express

text: Okha - Howrah Link Express The Okha - Howrah Superfast Express is a superfast train in the Western Railway zone running between Okha and Howrah Junction in India. It is currently operated with 22905/22906 train numbers on a tri-weekly basis. The 22905/Okha - Howrah Link Express has average speeds of 58 km/hr and covers 2593 km in 44h 55m. The 22906/Howrah - Okha Link Express has average speeds of 51 km/hr and covers 2593 km in 26h 15m. The line's important stops are: Each train on the Express has standard ICF rakes and a maximum speed of 110 kmph, and

title: Bhopal-Indore Fast Passenger

text: Bhopal-Indore Fast Passenger The Bhopal–Indore express Passenger (Hindi: भोपाल-इंदौर एक्सप्रेस पैसेंजर) (Also pronounced as Indore express Passenger) is an Indian Railways express passenger train, which runs between Bhopal Junction railway station of Bhopal, the capital city of Madhya Pradesh and Indore Junction railway station of Indore, the largest city & commercial hub of Central Indian state Madhya Pradesh. Also known as Bhopal Indore Night Express. The train goes via Ujjain & Maksi. The important halts of the train are: The train consist of 14 coaches: The train runs with an average speed of 44 km/h. The train runs on daily

title: Gorakhpur−Yesvantpur Express

text: As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand. The 12592 - express covers the distance of in 45 hours 45 mins (55 km/hr) & in 45 hours 45 mins as the 12591 - (55 km/hr). As the average speed of the train is equal to , as per railway rules, its fare doesn't includes a Superfast surcharge. The 12592 / 91 runs from via , , , , , , , , , , , to . As the route is partially electrified, an based

title: Howrah Rajdhani Express

text: Dhanbad(Jharkhand). Howrah Rajdhani Express Howrah Rajdhani is the most prestigious Rajdhani class train in India which connects New Delhi to Howrah, Kolkata. The Howrah Rajdhani was the first Rajdhani Express in India, thereby becoming the first fully air-conditioned train in the country. The train is one of the fastest in India with maximum speed is more than 130 km/h and an average speed of . Howrah Rajdhani gets highest priority on Howrah–Delhi main line and Howrah-Delhi Grand Chord Line. It connects two big metropolis of India. The Howrah Rajdhani Express began operations on 3rd March, 1969. The train departed from

title: Rajkot - Porbandar Fast Passenger

text: Rajkot - Porbandar Fast Passenger The Rajkot - Porbandar Fast Passenger is a passenger train belonging to Western Railway zone that runs between Porbandar and Rajkot Junction. It is currently being operated with 59211/59212 train numbers on daily basis. The 59211/Rajkot Porbandar Fast Passenger runs with an average speed of 37 km/h and completes 216 km in 5h 50m. The 59212/Porbandar Rajkot Fast Passenger runs with an average speed of 37 km/h and completes 216 km in 5h 50m. The important halts of the train are: The train has standard ICF rakes with max speed of 110 kmph. The train

title: Kalka Mail

text: train is categorized as super-fast and runs at a maximum speed of 110 km/hrs. The engine attached to this train is the modern 6350 HP, WAP-7 based in Howrah. In between Howrah and Kalka, the train stops at 37 stations. Passengers boarding the train have to abide by distance restriction: the minimum travel distance is 160 km in all AC classes and 480 km in Sleeper and 2S. However, it carries all passengers on the. Delhi-Kalka route. Run by the East Indian Railway Company, the train (originally numbered 1 Up / 2 Dn) began operation between Calcutta and Delhi in

title: Express trains in India


question: who are the permanent member of un security council

answers: China

answers: United Kingdom

answers: United States

answers: Russia

answers: France

title: United Nations Security Council

text: to block the re-election of Boutros Boutros-Ghali in 1996. Along with the five permanent members, the Security Council has temporary members that hold their seats on a rotating basis by geographic region. Non-permanent members may be involved in global security briefings. In its first two decades, the Security Council had six non-permanent members, the first of which were Australia, Brazil, Egypt, Mexico, the Netherlands, and Poland. In 1965, the number of non-permanent members was expanded to ten. These ten non-permanent members are elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms starting on 1 January, with five replaced each year. To

title: United Nations Security Council election, 2013

text: took place on 6 December, in which Jordan was elected to the Council in lieu of Saudi Arabia. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately run for re-election. In accordance with the rules whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation purposes, the five available seats are allocated as follows: To be elected, a candidate must receive a

title: United Nations

text: Poland (2019), and Sweden (2018). The five permanent members hold veto power over UN resolutions, allowing a permanent member to block adoption of a resolution, though not debate. The ten temporary seats are held for two-year terms, with five member states per year voted in by the General Assembly on a regional basis. The presidency of the Security Council rotates alphabetically each month. The UN Secretariat is headed by the Secretary-General, assisted by the Deputy Secretary-General and a staff of international civil servants worldwide. It provides studies, information, and facilities needed by UN bodies for their meetings. It also carries

title: United Nations Security Council election, 2014

text: five members will serve on the Security Council for the 2015–16 period. The countries elected were Angola, Malaysia, New Zealand, Spain, and Venezuela. Malaysian Permanent Representative to the UN Datuk Hussein Haniff said: "I have been participating in all the open debates. The Malaysian mission is actively engaged in lobbying to get elected. We are the only candidate from Asia, so far, for a UNSC non-permanent seat, and need to get a two-third majority in the General Assembly for a non-permanent membership". Additionally, he asserted that while Malaysia was the sole candidate as of the end of 2013 for the

title: 2014 International Court of Justice judges election

text: no distinction being made between permanent and non-permanent members of the Security Council). Only those candidates whose names appear on the ballot papers are eligible for election. Each elector in the General Assembly and in the Security Council may vote for not more than five candidates on the first ballot and, on subsequent ballots for five less the number of candidates who have already obtained an absolute majority. When five candidates have obtained the required majority in one of the organs, the president of that organ notifies the president of the other organ of the names of the five candidates.

title: President of the United Nations Security Council

text: of the member states' official United Nations names in English. All members of the Council, including the President, must present credentials issued by either the head of state, the head of government, or the minister of foreign affairs of their respective states to the Secretary-General, except if the representative is also the head of government or minister of foreign affairs. The Permanent Representative (ambassador) of the state that holds the presidency is usually the president of the Council, but if an official from the state who is higher in authority than the Permanent Representative (such as a foreign minister, prime

text: and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately run for re-election. In accordance with the rules whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation purposes, the five available seats are allocated as follows: To be elected, a candidate must receive a two-thirds majority of those present and voting. If the vote is inconclusive after the first round, three rounds of restricted voting shall take place, followed by three rounds of

title: 2016 United Nations Security Council election

text: a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council." In May 2016, the World Federation of United Nations Associations hosted the first open debates for UN Member States competing for a seat as a non-permanent member to the Security Council. All five contenders participated in the debate. Kazakhstan became the first Central Asian country to sit on the UNSC. Following five rounds of inconclusive voting, Bert Koenders and Paolo Gentiloni, Foreign Ministers of the Netherlands and Italy respectively, announced a proposal whereby the Netherlands and Italy would split the two-year term with each country serving one year. Such arrangements were relatively

title: Reform of the United Nations Security Council

text: of temporary seats. Most of the leading candidates for permanent membership are regularly elected onto the Security Council by their respective continental groups: Japan was elected for eleven two-year terms, Brazil for ten terms, and Germany for three terms. India has been elected to the council seven times in total, with the most recent successful bid being in 2010 after a gap of almost twenty years since 1991–92. In 2017, it was reported that the G4 nations were willing to temporarily forgo veto power if granted a permanent UNSC seat. As of 2013, the current "P5" members of the Security

title: 2017 United Nations Security Council election

text: for the remainder of Italy's term. In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation purposes, the five regularly available seats are allocated as follows: The six elected members began their two-year terms on the 1st of January, 2018 , and will continue to serve on the Security Council until the end of 2019. As a result of the rotation policy implemented by the Security Council for designation of its temporary seats, two nations from Africa would

title: Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council

text: by their respective groups. Japan was elected for eleven two-year terms, Brazil for ten terms, and Germany for three terms. India has been elected to the council seven times in total, with the most recent successful bid being in 2010 after a gap of almost twenty years since 1991–92. In 2013, the P5 and G4 members of the UN Security Council accounted for eight of the world's ten largest defence budgets, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). The following are the heads of state and government that represent the permanent members of the UN Security Council :

text: votes, which is significant in that the Security Council's permanent membership can vote against a "procedural" draft resolution, without necessarily blocking its adoption by the Council. The veto is exercised when any permanent member—the so-called "P5"—casts a "negative" vote on a "substantive" draft resolution. Abstention or absence from the vote by a permanent member does "not" prevent a draft resolution from being adopted. There have been proposals suggesting the introduction of new permanent members. The candidates usually mentioned are Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan. They comprise the group of four countries known as the G4 nations, which mutually support one

text: members will serve on the Security Council for the 2020–21 period. 2019 United Nations Security Council election The 2019 United Nations Security Council election will be held in mid-2019 during the 73rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections are for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2020. In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation

text: five members will serve on the Security Council for the 2021–22 period. 2020 United Nations Security Council election The 2020 United Nations Security Council election will be held in June 2020 during the 74th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections are for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2021. In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting

text: The current holder of the position is Dr. Maleeha Lodhi, prominent previous holders include Masood Khan and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan. Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations Pakistan Ambassador to the United Nations or officially the Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations () is the diplomatic position representing Pakistan on all platforms of the United Nations (UN) in New York City. Apart from the Pakistan Mission to the UN in New York, there is another Pakistan Mission based at the UNO office in Geneva, Switzerland. The mission is usually headed by a career foreign service officer, but

title: Sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly

text: 2014. Notable resolutions include 68/262 in regards to the 2014 Crimean crisis. The election of non-permanent members to the Security Council for 2014–2015 was held in October 2013. Outgoing members were: Morocco, Togo, Guatemala, Pakistan and Azerbaijan. Incoming members are Chad, Nigeria, Lithuania and Chile. While Saudi Arabia were elected they declined to take the role citing "double standards" and calling the body ineffective in dealing with the Syrian civil war. Jordan then took its place. An election to choose 18 members of the United Nations Human Rights Council for a three-year term will take place. The outgoing states are:

title: Permanent representative

text: Permanent representative A permanent representative is a diplomat who is the head of a country’s diplomatic mission to an international organisation. Organizations that receive permanent representatives from their member states include the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, NATO, the European Union, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and the Organization of American States. Permanent representatives can be sent to subunits or field offices of an organization. For example, in addition to the permanent representatives sent to the United Nations headquarters in New York City, UN member states also appoint permanent representatives to other UN offices, such as those in Geneva,

title: 1979 United Nations Security Council election

text: non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately run for re-election. In accordance with the rules whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation purposes, the five available seats are allocated as follows: To be elected, a candidate must receive a two-thirds majority of those present and voting. If the vote is inconclusive after the first round, three rounds of restricted voting shall take place, followed by three rounds of unrestricted voting,

title: United Nations Security Council election, 2007

text: members (elected by a two-thirds majority of the General Assembly, in as many rounds of voting as it takes to achieve that majority) served on the Security Council for the 2008–09 period. Seven countries had announced themselves as candidates for the five non-permanent seats on the Security Council for the 2008–2009 term. Vietnam was running for the Asian seat, which if successful, would be the first time serving in the council. Burkina Faso (last served in 1985) and Libya (last served in 1977) were running for the two African seats. All three countries had received endorsements from their regional groupings.

text: about 10 various secretaries and attaches. Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the United Nations This is a list of the Permanent Representatives of Ukraine to the United Nations. Permanent Representative is a head of the permanent mission of Ukraine to the United Nations. The current office holder is Volodymyr Yelchenko, since December 9, 2015. 26 June 1945 was signed the Charter of the United Nations and came into force on 24 October 1945. Ukraine was among the first countries that signed the United Nations Charter, becoming a founding member of the United Nations among 51 countries.. Dmitry Manuilsky, head of

title: United Nations Security Council

text: Council. United Nations Security Council The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter. Its powers include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of military action through Security Council resolutions; it is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states. The Security Council held its first session on 17 January

title: United Nations Security Council

text: 2006 that the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, who are all nuclear powers, have created an exclusive nuclear club that predominately addresses the strategic interests and political motives of the permanent members—for example, protecting the oil-rich Kuwaitis in 1991 but poorly protecting resource-poor Rwandans in 1994. Since three of the five permanent members are also European, and four are predominantly white Western nations, the Security Council has been described as a pillar of global apartheid by Titus Alexander, former Chair of Westminster United Nations Association. The Security Council's effectiveness and relevance is questioned by some because,

text: United Nations Security Council election, 2011 The 2011 United Nations Security Council election was held on 21 and 24 October 2011 during the Sixty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Azerbaijan, Guatemala, Morocco, Pakistan, and Togo, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2012. Azerbaijan was elected after 17 rounds on 24 October, while the other four new members were chosen on 21 October. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members

text: members will serve on the Security Council for the 2022–23 period. 2021 United Nations Security Council election The 2021 United Nations Security Council election will be held in mid-2021 during the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections are for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2022. In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation

title: Secretary-General of the United Nations

text: the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. As the recommendation must come from the Security Council, any of the five permanent members of the Council can veto a nomination. Most Secretaries-General are compromise candidates from middle powers and have little prior fame. Unofficial qualifications for the job have been set by precedent in previous selections. The appointee may not be a citizen of any of the Security Council's five permanent members. The General Assembly resolution 51/241 in 1997 stated that in the appointment of "the best candidate", due regard should be given to regional (continental) rotation of

title: Charter of the United Nations

text: the first election of the non-permanent members after the increase of the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election. 3. Each member of the Security Council shall have one representative. FUNCTIONS and POWERS Article 24 1. In order to ensure prompt and effective action by the United Nations, its Members confer on the Security Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, and agree that in carrying out its duties

text: any amendments to the Charter, requiring them to approve of any modifications to the UNSC veto power that they themselves hold. As stated by then President of Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva at the General Debate of the 63rd Session of the United Nations General Assembly: As per the official website of India's Permanent Mission to the UN: According to a formal statement by 13th Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh at the General Debate of the 59th Session of the United Nations General Assembly: According to a formal statement by 14th Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi at

text: United Nations Security Council election, 2000 The 2000 United Nations Security Council election was held on 10 October 2000 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 55th session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 2001. The five candidates elected were Colombia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway, and Singapore. In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice, the members were to be elected as follows: one from

text: members will serve on the Security Council for the 2025–26 period. 2024 United Nations Security Council election The 2024 United Nations Security Council election will be held in mid-2024 during the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections are for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2025. In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation

long_answer: The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (also known as the Permanent Five, Big Five, or P5) are the five states which the UN Charter of 1945 grants a permanent seat on the UN Security Council (UNSC): China (formerly the Republic of China), Russia (formerly the Soviet Union), France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. These countries were all allies in World War II, which they won. They are also all nuclear weapons states. A total of 15 UN member states serve on the UNSC, the remainder of which are elected. Only the five permanent members have the power of veto, which enables them to prevent the adoption of any "substantive" draft Council resolution, regardless of its level of international support.

short_answers:
China
France
Russia
United Kingdom
United States